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 THE 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS 
 
 VOL. I.
 
 ISAAC FOOT 
 LIBRARY 
 
 LONDON : 
 GEORGE WOODFALL AND SON, 
 
 AMiKI. COURT, SKINNER STREBT.
 
 THE 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS: 
 
 BEING 
 
 THE COBBESPONDENCE 
 
 OF 
 
 EICHAED GEENVILLE EAEL TEMPLE, K.G., 
 
 AND 
 
 THE EIGHT HON: GEOEGE GEENVILLE, 
 
 THEIB FRIENDS AND CONTEMPORARIES. 
 
 NOW FIRST PUBLISHED FROM THE ORIGINAL MSS., FORMERLY PRESERVED AT STOWE, 
 
 EDITED, WITH NOTES, 
 
 By WILLIAM JAMES SMITH, Esq,, 
 
 FORMERLY LIBRARIAN AT STOWE. 
 
 VOL. 1. 
 
 LONDON: 
 JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 
 
 1852.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 T)^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 ^ J SANTA BARBARA 
 
 T2 #^ 
 
 >/. I 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The correspondence of the several members of the 
 Grenville family and their contemporaries contained in 
 these volumes, extends over a period of more than thirty 
 years, commencing in 1742 ; but the most interesting 
 and important part of it is that which comprises the 
 seven concluding years of the reign of George the 
 Second, and the first ten years of that of George the 
 Third. 
 
 It consists principally of letters to and from Richard 
 Grenville, Earl Temple, and his next brother, the Right 
 Honourable George Grenville, the two eldest surviving 
 sons of Richard Grenville, Esq., of Wotton, by his 
 marriage with Hester Temple, sister and coheir of Sir 
 Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham of Stowe, to whose 
 peerage she succeeded by special remainder, at his death 
 in September, 1749. A few weeks afterwards she was 
 advanced to the title of Countess Temple, and died in 
 October, 1752. 
 
 Richard Grenville, the eldest son, was born Sep- 
 tember 26, 171 1, and, having been educated at Eton, was 
 sent at the age of eighteen, under the care of a private 
 tutor, a M. de Lizy, to travel in Switzerland, Italy, and 
 France. He remained upon the Continent more than 
 four years, and soon after his return to England, at the 
 
 a2
 
 IV PREFACE. 
 
 General Election in 1734, he was chosen, through the 
 influence of his uncle Lord Cohham, to represent the 
 Borough of Buckingham, and in subsequent Parlia- 
 ments he sat as one of the Knights of the Shire for the 
 county of Buckingham. He succeeded to the Earldom 
 of Temple upon the death of his mother in October, 
 17<52, and inherited the large estates of Stowe and 
 Wotton. 
 
 In the year 1736 he obtained a very considerable ac- 
 cession of fortune by his marriage with Anna Chamber, 
 one of the daughters and coheirs of Thomas Chamber, 
 Esq., of Hanworth, by Lady Mary, daughter of Charles, 
 second Earl of Berkeley. Miss Chamber, having lost 
 her parents at an early age, was brought up under the 
 guardianship of her aunt the well-known Lady Betty 
 Germaine, with whom she constantly resided until her 
 marriage. 
 
 Lord Temple became First Lord of the Admiralty in 
 the Administration formed by Mr. Pitt in November, 
 1756, and in the following June he was made Lord 
 Privy Seal. In December 17«5S he was constituted 
 Lord-Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county 
 of Bucks, and in February, I76O, he was made a 
 Knight of the Garter. 
 
 During the greater part of Mr. Pitt's glorious Ad- 
 ministration, Lord Temple certainly took a very active, 
 though, perhaps, not very ostensible part in the affairs of 
 Government. Since Mr. Pitt's marriage with Lady 
 Hester Grenville, Lord Temple had become his most in- 
 timate and affectionate friend, and was very confidentially 
 trusted by him, to a great extent, during the long and fre- 
 quent illnesses which entirely prevented his own personal 
 attention to the arduous duties of his office as Secretarv
 
 PREFACE. v 
 
 of State. Upon these occasions much responsibility was 
 deputed to Lord Temple, and it has been said by a con- 
 temporary writer, apparently with considerable proba- 
 bility of truth, " with respect to Lord Temple, that as 
 the war and his management of it was the chief occa- 
 sion of Mr. Pitt's being so much distinguished, so his 
 intimate connection with that gentleman was the prin- 
 cipal cause why this peer became so conspicuous and 
 celebrated." 
 
 At the accession of King George the Third, he con- 
 tinued to be Lord Privy Seal until Mr. Pitt went out of 
 office in October, 1761, upon the question of war with 
 Spain, when he resigned at the same time; and from 
 that period commenced the unhappy estrangement from 
 his brother, George Grenville, who remained in his office 
 as Treasurer of the Navy, and adhered to the policy 
 and influence of Lord Bute, which were soon after more 
 openly avowed by the latter being appointed Secretary 
 of State, upon the dismissal of Lord Holdernesse, and 
 subsequently first Lord of the Treasury upon the re- 
 moval of the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 Lord Temple now became one of the most active and 
 zealous leaders of opposition to the Administration of 
 Lord Bute, and, in consequence of his open encourage- 
 ment and patronage of the celebrated John Wilkes, he 
 was dismissed from his office of Lord Lieutenant of the 
 county of Bucks, in May, 1763. 
 
 He continued in opposition to the Administration sub- 
 sequently formed by Mr. Grenville, until May 1765, 
 when he became reconciled to his brother George, and 
 ever afterwards remained upon the most affectionate 
 terms with him.
 
 VI PREFACE. 
 
 Although Lord Temple was several times called upon 
 by the King to assist in forming a Ministry, yet he 
 never again accepted office in any subsequent Adminis- 
 tration. He had a serious difference of opinion with 
 his friend, Mr. Pitt, upon the formation of that Govern- 
 ment in I766, in which the latter assigned to himself 
 the office of Lord Privy Seal, and became Earl of 
 Chatham. Their enmity was now as remarkable as their 
 former friendship had been sincere, and they continued 
 in the most bitter personal and political animosity, until 
 their final reconciliation in the autumn of I768; and 
 from that period they again acted together with equal 
 zeal in opposition, and were agreed in all political 
 questions, excepting only that which regarded the tax- 
 ation of America, in which Lord Temple invariably 
 supported the policy of George Grenville, and the 
 Stamp Act. 
 
 I shall hereafter take occasion to speak more at 
 large of the character and political career of Lord 
 Temple. During the latter years of his life, he, in 
 great measure, retired from politics, and devoted him- 
 self to the improvement and embellishment of his 
 favourite residence at Stowe, where may still be seen 
 the remains of his architectural taste, and talent for 
 landscape gardening. 
 
 He seems to have most sincerely and constantly de- 
 plored the loss of Lady Temple, who died in April, 1777* 
 After her death he sought consolation in the society of 
 his nephews and nieces, more particularly of George 
 Grenville the younger, who eventually succeeded to his 
 title and estates, and who had recently married the 
 daughter and heiress of Earl Nugent, of Gosfield Hall,
 
 PREFACE. VI 
 
 in Essex. Sir Nathaniel Wraxall, in describing a visit- 
 to that place, in 177^> mentions among- the guests, who 
 attracted most attention, — 
 
 " The late Lord Temple, then far advanced in life, and very in- 
 firm. In his person he was tall and large, though not inclined to 
 corpulency. A disorder, the seat of which lay in his ribs, bend- 
 ing him almost double, compelled him in walking to make use of 
 a sort of crutch 1 , but his mind seemed exempt from any decay. 
 His conversation was animated, brilliant, and full of entertain- 
 ment. Notwithstanding the nickname of ' Lord Gawky,' which 
 he had obtained in the satirical or party productions of those 
 times, and which we may presume was not given him without 
 good reason, he had nevertheless the air and appearance of a man 
 of high condition, when he appeared with the insignia and deco- 
 rations of the Garter, seated at table." 
 
 Lord Temple's death was occasioned by his having 
 been thrown from a pony carriage^ in the Park Ridings 
 at Stowe. His skull was fractured by the fall. He 
 became insensible, and so continued, without any signs 
 
 1 " Lord Temple's cane," or crutch, was the subject of the following 
 
 lines in a handwriting which I have not been able to identify, but they 
 
 are dated 
 
 " Nuneham, August \Zth. 
 
 " Hail, sacred staff! tho' some may think I err, 
 To Clement's crozier thee I must prefer : 
 More hallowed office ! for 't is thine to guide 
 The man, to virtue and to wit allied : 
 When you support him o'er the rugged plain, 
 Britannia's truest friend you then sustain : 
 Shouldst thou (avert it Heaven !) betray thy trust, 
 Honour would fall, and Freedom kiss the dust." 
 
 I found these lines accompanied by an outline sketch of Lord Tem- 
 ple's portrait, a whole length, with his cane, as he appeared in the 
 House of Lords in 1778. It was drawn by Lady Mary Grenville, 
 afterwards Marchioness of Buckingham. It corroborates Wraxall's 
 description of him, and it is no doubt an accurate, though somewhat 
 caricature portrait. A label from his mouth is inscribed, " / am come 
 to express my highest indignation and contempt" &c, &c, and the 
 expression of his countenance is in accordance with the sentiments he 
 is uttering.
 
 V1H PREFACE. 
 
 of returning consciousness, until he died a few days 
 afterwards, on the 11th of September, 1779. 
 
 The Right Honourable George Grenville was born 
 October 14th, 1712. After being educated at Eton, 
 and Christ Church, Oxford, he entered upon the study 
 of the Law, and was called to the Bar ; but at the de- 
 sire of his uncle, Lord Cobham, he relinquished that 
 pursuit, and devoted himself to politics. He represented 
 the borough of Buckingham in successive Parliaments, 
 from 1741 until his death in I77O. In December, 1744, 
 he was made a Lord of the Admiralty, and of the Trea- 
 sury in June, 1747- He was Treasurer of the Navy in 
 1754, and continued in that office, with some intervals, 
 until May, 1762 ; when, having separated himself from 
 Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt, and become attached to 
 Lord Bute, he was made Secretary of State. In Octo- 
 ber following he left that office to be First Lord of the 
 Admiralty ; and subsequently, upon the resignation of 
 Lord Bute in April, 1763, he was appointed First Lord 
 of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer. 
 
 After his dismission in July, 1J65, he never again 
 accepted any appointment in the Government. 
 
 It is unnecessary in this place to discuss the poli- 
 tical events in which Mr. Grenville was concerned. 
 They will be found related in his own Diary, which 
 forms an important feature in these Papers ; and it 
 will, I believe, be found to throw new light upon se- 
 veral transactions, particularly some relating to party 
 changes, which have hitherto been but very imper- 
 fectly understood, and be considered a very acceptable 
 addition to the history of that part of George the Third's 
 reign to which its contents refer. In this Diary he re-
 
 PREFACE. IX 
 
 lates his daily conversations with the King at the time 
 that he filled the office of first Minister; and their discus- 
 sions show the anxious personal interest which George the 
 Third so early evinced in all the most minute affairs of 
 his Government, and the confidence he reposed in the 
 Administration of Mr. Grenville. 
 
 The principal measure with which Mr. Grenville's 
 name has become associated in historv is that of the 
 American Stamp Act. It has been said, and I believe 
 with truth, that he was not the author of that measure ; 
 but that he adopted it, and ever defended it with the 
 utmost zeal and abilitv, cannot be denied. The mea- 
 sure was patriotic, and well-intentioned on the part of 
 Mr. Grenville, but the result was unfortunate. It was 
 not, however, until the result became known that it met 
 with so much of party condemnation, for it is notorious 
 that the Stamp Act originally passed both Houses of 
 Parliament with very little discussion and less opposition. 
 
 One of the latest acts of Mr. Grenville's political life 
 was the Bill for Regulating the Proceedings of the House 
 of Commons on Controverted Elections, which he intro- 
 duced in March, 1770. It has been described by Mr. 
 Hatsell, a most competent authority, as " one of the 
 noblest works for the honour of the House of Commons, 
 and the security of the Constitution, that ever was de- 
 vised by any minister or statesman." 
 . Mr. Grenville's parliamentary abilities, and his exten- 
 sive knowledge of the forms and privileges of the House, 
 were frequently mentioned by his contemporaries, and it 
 was at one time his ambition to be Speaker of the 
 House of Commons. Mr. Pitt said of him, so early as 
 1754, that he was *' universally able in the whole busi- 
 ness of the House, and, after Mr. Murray and Mr. Fox,
 
 X PREFACE. 
 
 certainly one of the very best Parliament men in the 
 House ; " and I may add the testimony of Horace 
 Walpole, that " Mr. Grenville was confessedly the 
 ablest man of business in the House of Commons, and, 
 though not popular, of great authority there, from his 
 spirit, knowledge, and gravity of character." 
 
 The character of George Grenville, as a statesman, has 
 been drawn by the master-hand of Edmund Burke, and 
 though the passage has been often quoted, it should not, 
 therefore, be omitted here. It occurs in his celebrated 
 Speech on American Taxation, in April, 1774. 
 
 " Here began to dawn the first glimmerings of this new colony 
 system. It appeared more distinctly afterwards, when it devolved 
 upon a person to whom, on other accounts, this country owes very 
 great obligations. I do believe that he had a very serious desire 
 to benefit the public. But with no small study of the detail, he 
 did not seem to have his view, at least equally, carried to the total 
 circuit of our affairs. He generally considered his objects in 
 lights that were rather too detached. 
 
 " Whether the business of an American revenue was imposed 
 upon him altogether ; whether it was entirely the result of his own 
 speculation ; or, what is more probable, that his own ideas rather 
 coincided w T ith the instructions he had received, certain it is, that, 
 with the best intentions in the world, he first brought this fatal 
 scheme into form, and established it by Act of Parliament. No 
 man can believe that at this time of day I mean to lean on the 
 venerable memory of a great man, whose loss we deplore in com- 
 mon. Our little party differences have been long ago composed, 
 and I have acted more with him, and certainly with more pleasure 
 with him, than ever I acted against him. 
 
 " Undoubtedly Mr. Grenville was a first-rate figure in this 
 country. With a masculine understanding, and a stout and 
 resolute heart, he had an application undissipated and un- 
 wearied. He took public business not as a duty he was to 
 fulfil, but as a pleasure he was to enjoy, and he seemed to have 
 no delight out of this House, except in such things as some way 
 related to the business that was to be done within it. If he was
 
 PREFACE. XI 
 
 ambitious, I will say this for him, his ambition was of a noble and 
 generous strain. It was to raise himself, not by the low pimping 
 politics of a court, but to win his way to power through the labo- 
 rious gradations of public service, and to secure himself a well- 
 earned rank in Parliament, by a thorough knowledge of its con- 
 stitution, and a perfect practice in all its business. 
 
 If such a man fell into errors, it must be from defects not in- 
 trinsical ; they must be rather sought in the particular habits of 
 his life ; which, though they do not alter the groundwork of cha- 
 racter, yet tinge it with their own hue. He was bred in a profes- 
 sion. He was bred to the law, which is, in my opinion, one of the 
 first and noblest of human sciences ; a science which does more to 
 quicken and invigorate the understanding, than all the other kinds 
 of learning put together ; but it is not apt, except in persons very 
 happily born, to open and to liberalize the mind exactly in the same 
 proportion. Passing from that study, he did not go very largely 
 into the world, but plunged into business, I mean into the busi- 
 ness of office, and the limited and fixed methods and forms esta- 
 blished there. Much knowledge is to be had undoubtedly in that 
 line, and there is no knowledge which is not valuable. But it may 
 be truly said, that men too much conversant in office are rarely 
 minds of remarkable enlargement. Their habits of office are apt 
 to give them a turn to think the substance of business not to be 
 much more important than the forms in which it is conducted- 
 These forms are adapted to ordinary occasions, and, therefore, per- 
 sons who are nurtured in office do admirably well as long as things 
 go on in their common order ; but when the high roads are broken 
 up, and the waters out, — when a new and troubled scene is opened 
 and the file affords no precedent, — then it is that a greater know- 
 ledge of mankind, and a far more extensive comprehension of 
 things is requisite than ever office gave, or than office can ever 
 give. Mr. Grenville thought better of the wisdom and power of 
 human legislation than, in truth, it deserves. He conceived, and 
 many conceived along with him, that the flourishing trade of this 
 country was greatly owing to law and institution, and not quite so 
 much to liberty ; for but too many are apt to believe regulation to 
 be commerce, and taxes to be revenue. Among regulations, that 
 which stood first in reputation was his idol. I mean the Act of 
 Navigation. He has often professed it to be so. The policy of 
 that Act is, I readily admit, in many respects well understood.
 
 Xll PREFACE. 
 
 But I do say, that if the Act be suffered to run the full length of 
 its principle, and is not changed, and modified according to the 
 change of times, and the fluctuation of circumstances, it must do 
 great mischief, and frequently even defeat its own purpose." 
 
 The Solicitor General, Wedderburn (afterwards Lord 
 Chancellor, and Earl of Rosslyn), spoke, in reply to 
 Burke, upon this occasion ; the following extract, in 
 which he alludes to Mr. Grenville, is taken from a 
 manuscript copy of his speech, corrected by himself, and 
 sent to Lord Temple. I believe the speech has not 
 been printed. 
 
 " I had no intention, when I came into the House, of addressing 
 you upon the general question of this day, a subject on which my 
 sentiments have too often troubled the House ; but some things 
 have fallen from the honourable gentleman who spoke last that 
 compel me to entreat their indulgence, for under the impressions 
 his reflections have made upon my mind I protest I should know 
 no rest nor peace, had I omitted any opportunity of expressing 
 my dissent to such doctrines and to such representations. 
 
 " The honourable gentleman has gone into a long detail of past 
 measures, and a very large censure of characters that are now no 
 more. He has spoken, respectfully indeed, of a late very eminent 
 person, of whom I am unable to speak without emotion ; but he 
 has neither done him that justice with which the latest posterity 
 will treat his memory, nor has he spoken of him as the general 
 voice of a grateful people would, even in this moment, express 
 itself of his person, his conduct, his acts. 
 
 " I blame not those who, in considering the present state of 
 affairs in America, choose to review the measures of the last ten 
 years. To expose past errors is a part of political wisdom ; but 
 if that review is turned from the measures themselves, to the con- 
 duct and characters of the persons engaged in them, prejudice and 
 passion will corrupt the judgment as to the past, and such a review 
 mislead us the more as to the future measures. 
 
 " I feel no such bias, and am not conscious of a wish to dis- 
 parage the motives or the conduct of any man who has ever taken 
 an active part in an American question. For those with whom
 
 PREFACE. Xlll 
 
 I have most differed on that subject I entertain the highest per- 
 sonal consideration; hut 1 confess I feel the wannest zeal to vindi- 
 cate (as far as my poor abilities can) the motives and the conduct 
 of that great Minister who first planned the measures with regard 
 to America, to which, unjustly, so much mischief has been imputed. 
 
 " The House has been told that the honourable gentleman 
 (whose loss has at some time been deplored on every side of the 
 House) was unfortunately so framed that, with good intentions, 
 he had not sufficient liberality of mind for the direction of public 
 affairs. Two circumstances in his education are said to have con- 
 tracted his mind, for otherwise I suppose he was not so unhappily 
 horn, but that he might have possessed as extensive a mind as 
 other men, who, it seems, are horn for Government. The first was, 
 that he happened to be bred to a profession, which, in the early 
 part of his life, had engaged him in the most assiduous study of 
 the laws and constitution of his country. From this illiberal course 
 of study he had acquired some unfortunate habits and prejudices, 
 unknown to those who are happily ignorant under what form of 
 Government they five. 
 
 " A second unfortunate circumstance was, that my much la- 
 mented friend, when he had finished this course of study, did not 
 go into the world, but plunged into the business of office. Going 
 into the world is a term too large for my narrow comprehension ; 
 if it means that he neither played nor dressed, nor was a member 
 of any of the fashionable clubs, I believe it may be true; but Ms 
 birth and his talents introduced him to an early intimacy with 
 the first men of his age, and in the best, though not, perhaps, 
 the most fashionable company (if fashion is confined to the follies 
 of young men), his life and habits continued to be undissipated, 
 and he had not, even then, emancipated his mind from a daily 
 application to the various parts of public business. He passed by 
 regular gradations from one office to another. Whatever related to 
 the Marine of this country he had learnt during his attendance at 
 the Admiralty. The Finances he had studied, under a very able 
 master, at the Treasury. The Foreign Department was for a time 
 entrusted to him. The proper business of this House was for 
 several years his particular study. 
 
 " In almost every various office of the State he had acquired 
 a practical knowledge, improved by theory, and from the general 
 course of his observation and researches he had adopted principles
 
 XIV PREFACE. 
 
 and habits, which the firm temper of his mind would not stoop to 
 abandon or unlearn, in complaisance to the opinions of any man. 
 Such, Sir, were the disqualifications under which Mr. Grenville 
 was called forth to the first situation in Administration, at a time 
 when ancient prejudices were still, respected, and before it was 
 understood that parts were spoilt by application, that ignorance 
 was preferable to knowledge, and that any lively man of imagina- 
 tion and fancy, without practice in office, and without experience, 
 might start up at once a self-taught Minister, and undertake the 
 management of a great country in difficult times. 
 
 " I have attempted, Sir, to state to you what Mr. Grenville 
 was, and how qualified for the office he undertook, not with the 
 partiality of a friend who reverences his memory, but from the 
 very circumstances imputed as a disadvantage to him. I shall 
 now state what I understood to be the system he adopted, and 
 the ideas he pursued with regard to America, when he formed the 
 plan of the Stamp Act ; but permit me first to view the situation 
 in which he was called upon to act." 
 
 Mr. Wedderburn proceeds with a long exposition of 
 Mr. Grenville's system of Finance, and concludes by 
 asserting that his 
 
 "intention only was to do justice to the memory of the honourable 
 gentleman who proposed the Stamp Act, to vindicate his motives, 
 and to place his character in a just point of view." 
 
 The following is an extract from the "Extra Official 
 State Papers," published by Mr. Knox, who was inti- 
 mately acquainted with Mr. Grenville, and who was for 
 some time Under Secretary of State to Lord Hills- 
 borough : — 
 
 " Mr. Grenville, under a manner rather austere and forbidding, 
 covered a heart as feeling and tender as any man ever possessed. 
 He liked office, as well for its emoluments as its power ; but in 
 his attention to himself he never failed to pay regard to the situa- 
 tions and circumstances of his friends, though to neither would 
 he warp the public interest or service in the smallest degree : 
 rigid in his opinions of public justice and integrity, and firm to
 
 PREFACE. XV 
 
 inflexibility in the construction of his mind, he reprobated every 
 suggestion of the political expediency of overlooking frauds or 
 evasions in the payment or collection of tbe revenue, or of waste 
 or extravagance in its expenditure. But, although he would not 
 bend any measure out of the strict line of rectitude to gain popu- 
 larity, he was far from being indifferent to the good or ill opinion 
 of the public; and that tediousness and repetition which his 
 speeches in Parliament, and his transactions with men of business, 
 were charged with, were occasioned by the earnestness of his 
 desire to satisfy and convince those he addressed, of the purity of 
 his motives, and the propriety of his conduct ; and while there re- 
 mained a single reason in his own mind that he thought would 
 serve those purposes, he could not be content to rest upon those 
 he had already adduced, however convinced and satisfied his 
 hearers appeared to be with them. 
 
 " Inheriting but a small patrimonial fortune, he had early ac- 
 customed himself to a strict appropriation of his income, and an 
 exact economy in its expenditure, as the only sure ground on which 
 to build a reputation for public and private integrity, and to sup- 
 port a dignified independency ; and it was the unvaried practice of 
 his life in all situations, as he has often told me, to live upon his 
 own private fortune, and save the emoluments of whatever office 
 he possessed ; on which account, he added ; ' the being in or out 
 makes no difference in my establishment or manner of life. Every- 
 thing goes on at home in the same way. The only difference is, 
 that my children's fortunes would be increased by my being in, 
 beyond what they would be if I remained out ; and that is being 
 as little dependant upon office, as any man who was not born to a 
 great estate can possibly be.' " 
 
 An anonymous writer in December, 1765, thus sums 
 up the character of Mr. Grenville : — 
 
 : ' Calm, deliberate, economical, and attentive ; steadfast to busi- 
 ness, early and late ; attached to no dissipations or trifling amuse- 
 ments ; always master of himself, and never seen, either at White's 
 with the gamesters, or at Newmarket with the jockics. Kegular 
 and exact in his family, and discharging, in the most exemplary 
 manner, every social and religious duty. What is a labour and a 
 fatigue to other men was his greatest pleasure ; and those who
 
 XVI PREFACE. 
 
 knew him best in the management of affairs acknowledge that his 
 discernment, capacity, and application were quick, enlarged, and 
 indefatigable. No minister was ever more easy of access, or gave 
 a more patient or attentive hearing to such as applied to him ; and 
 though he entered upon the management of affairs at the most 
 critical conjuncture, with many and great prejudices on certain ac- 
 counts against him, yet his steady, upright, and able conduct had 
 conciliated the minds of men to him ; and nothing, perhaps? 
 could give the wiser and more rational part of mankind better 
 hopes, and better expectations, than to see a man of these distin- 
 guished abilities, of this unwearied attention, and of this un- 
 blemished integrity, again serving his country, in one of the 
 highest and most important offices of State." 
 
 While the inflexible integrity of Mr. Grenville's con- 
 duct secured to him the esteem and affection of his 
 political contemporaries, so honourably evinced by these 
 public testimonies of the consideration in which he was 
 held as a statesman, it should also be mentioned that, in 
 his private life, and in his domestic relations as a 
 husband, a father, and a friend, the family traditions of 
 Mr. Grenville's character approach the highest point of 
 excellence. 
 
 Mr. Grenville married in 1749, Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Sir William Wyndham, and sister to the Earl of 
 Eofremont and Lord Thomond. She died in December, 
 1769, and Mr. Grenville survived her only until the 
 13 th of November following. 
 
 By this marriage Mr. Grenville had a numerous 
 family. Of his three distinguished sons, the eldest, 
 George, having succeeded his uncle in the Earldom of 
 Temple, was afterwards created Marquess of Buckingham, 
 and was the grandfather of the present Duke of Buck- 
 ingham and Chandos. The second son, the late Right 
 Honourable Thomas Grenville, who died recently at a 
 verv advanced age, had filled several high offices in the
 
 PREFACE. XVll 
 
 State, and bequeathed to his country one of the most 
 splendid libraries ever formed by a private gentleman. 
 The youngest son, William Wyndham, afterwards Lord 
 Grenville, who died in 1834, will be known to posterity 
 as one of the most eminent statesmen in the latter years 
 of the reign of George the Third. 
 
 By the marriages of his four daughters, Mr. Gren- 
 ville's descendants are now most numerous, and are 
 connected with all the highest and most distinguished 
 families of rank in the kingdom. 
 
 The Right Honourable James Grenville, second 
 brother to Lord Temple, came into Parliament for Old 
 Sarum, in 1741, and afterwards sat for Bridport and 
 Buckingham. He held at various times the offices of 
 Lord of Trade and Plantations, Deputy Paymaster of 
 the Forces, and Cofferer of the Household. He died in 
 1783. The eldest son of James Grenville was created 
 Lord Glastonbury; but he never married, and that title 
 became extinct upon his death in 1826. 
 
 The Right Honourable Henry Grenville, third 
 brother of Lord Temple, was Governor of Barbadoes 
 from 1746 to 1756, and afterwards sat in Parliament 
 for Bishops Castle and Thirsk. In I7GI he was sent 
 Ambassador to Constantinople ; and on his return from 
 thence, in 1J6.5, he was appointed a Commissioner of 
 Customs. He died in 1784. 
 
 Thomas Grenville, the voungest brother of Lord 
 Temple, was a Captain in the Navy, and a very dis- 
 tinguished officer. He sat in Parliament for a short 
 
 vol. i. b
 
 XV111 PREFACE. 
 
 time as Member for the Borough of Bridport. He was 
 killed in the action off Cape Finisterre in May, 174<7, 
 while in command of H.M.S. Defiance. 
 
 Lady Hester Grenville, the only sister of Lord 
 Temple, was married, in 1754, to William Pitt, after- 
 wards Earl of Chatham, bv whom she was the mother 
 of the late Right Honourable William Pitt. 
 
 Lady Chatham survived her husband many years, 
 and died in 1803. 
 
 It remains only to mention that Lord Temple's papers 
 have always been preserved at Stowe. They are much 
 less numerous than might have been expected, and 
 doubtless many of the letters were destroyed by him- 
 self, in accordance with the opinions which are so well 
 described in the following extract, from his pamphlet on 
 the Seizure of Papers, printed in 1763 : — 
 
 " Papers relate to the affairs of business and property ; the ad- 
 vantages, title, and security of which depend upon them ; but that 
 is not all. Every man who has papers, has his secret and con- 
 fidential correspondences ; his private studies, researches, and pur- 
 suits, whether of profit, entertainment, or improvement. His 
 papers contain all these. The merchant has his secrets of trade ; 
 the philosopher his discoveries in science. Every accurate man 
 has the impenetrable secret of his circumstances ; the state of his 
 affairs. Many have their Wills, Settlements, and dispositions of 
 their estates, sealed up in silence, not to be broke, but with their 
 own heart-strings. These are to be found among their papers. 
 A man's riches may be there in things known to none but himself; 
 and his poverty may from thence only appear, the unseasonable 
 discovery of which may involve him in irreparable ruin. Papers 
 are the depositories of our fortune ; the trustees of our credit, 
 character, and reputation ; the secretaries of our pleasures. They 
 are our closest confidants ; the most intimate companions of our
 
 PREFACE. XIX 
 
 bosom ; and, next to the recesses of our own breasts, they are the 
 most hidden repository we can have. Our honour and fame, our 
 estates, our amusements, our enjoyments, our friendships, are, and 
 even our vices may be there : things that men trust none with, but 
 themselves; things upon which the peace and quiet of families, 
 the love and union of relations, the preservation and value of 
 friends depend. Secrets that may cost a man his life ; secrets (of 
 which there are many) that though they can neither affect life nor 
 liberty, yet some men would rather die, than have discovered ; the 
 revealing of which may render life insupportable, may dissolve 
 every tie of nature, loosen every bond of society, and put an utter 
 end to the comfort of existence. 
 
 " It is for these reasons that wise men not only keep their 
 papers with the greatest care, but at convenient seasons purge their 
 repositories, and destroy those that ought not to be preserved, 
 after the immediate purposes of them are answered. They have 
 above all, a special care into whose hands their secret papers 
 shall come after they are dead ; a precaution that every man owes, 
 not only to himself, but to his family and friends, perhaps to his 
 country." 
 
 All that remained of Mr. Grenville's Papers were 
 eventually deposited at Stowe. A considerable portion 
 of them had been brought from Wotton by his son, the 
 Marquess of Buckingham, and were arranged in port- 
 folios with those of Lord Temple. 
 
 The late Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, a few 
 years after his father's death, brought more of the 
 Grenville Papers from Wotton House to Stowe ; and 
 I discovered the remainder about seventeen years ago 
 in one of the bedrooms at Buckingham House, Pall 
 Mall, in a very large chest, of which the contents were 
 unknown, and which had evidently remained unopened 
 and untouched since it was brought from Mr. Grenville's 
 residence in Bolton Street, soon after his death. The 
 whole of these several collections of papers were re- 
 arranged by the late Duke of Buckingham and myself; 
 
 b 2
 
 XX PREFACE. 
 
 and it was his Grace's amusement, at intervals for se- 
 veral years, to make the selections, which are printed 
 in these volumes. The Duke did not intend that the 
 publication of them should take place until after the 
 death of his uncle, the late Right Honourable Thomas 
 Grenville. The latter, however, survived the Duke 
 more than seven years ; and from various causes the 
 publication has been delayed, until the papers were 
 recently placed in my hands to prepare for the press, 
 by the present Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, 
 with a desire that I should carry into execution what 
 I knew to have been his father's wishes upon the 
 subject. 
 
 Mr. Grenville was most methodical and careful in the 
 preservation of his papers: the whole of them were folded 
 and endorsed, chiefly by himself, and placed in alpha- 
 betical and chronological order, and it would appear 
 that he never destroyed any letter he received, however 
 trivial its import. The applications from all classes of 
 persons for places in the Customs and Excise alone, 
 during Mr. Grenville's tenure of office, were almost in- 
 credibly numerous. It was his habit to keep the draughts 
 of his own letters ; many of them in his own hand, 
 some in that of Mrs. Grenville or his children, and 
 more in that of his secretary, Mr. Charles Lloyd. 
 There is little doubt but that many valuable documents 
 were lost among the large mass of papers destroyed by 
 the fire which consumed Wotton House and its contents 
 in October, 1820. 
 
 With respect to the letters addressed to Mr. Grenville 
 by the Author of Junius, which will be printed in 
 the concluding volumes of this correspondence, it will 
 be sufficient to say for the present, that there is not a
 
 PREFACE. XXI 
 
 particle of truth in all the absurd tales which have been 
 invented, as to their preservation or discovery. In the 
 proper place I shall have an opportunity of explaining 
 that there was no mystery attached to them, beyond the 
 anonymous nature of the author's communication. 
 
 William James Smith. 
 
 Conservative Club, St. James's Street, 
 December, 1851.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE FIRST VOLUME. 
 
 1742. 
 
 Page 
 
 Viscount Corabury to Mr. George Grenville. August 3. — 
 Reasons for not leaving England at present. Recommends Mr. 
 Pitt as a travelling companion in Mr. Greuville's proposed tour 
 to the South of France ....... 1 
 
 Viscount Cornbury to Mr. George Grenville. August 16. — 
 Desires to be remembered to Lady Bolingbroke, whom he will 
 see at Argeville ......... 7 
 
 Mr. William Pitt to Mr. George Grenville. September 1. — Sug- 
 gests the air of Lisbon as more beneficial than that of Aix . 8 
 
 Viscount Cornbury to Mr. George Grenville. October 14. — Ad- 
 vises him to attend to the re-establishment of his health, and 
 not to return to the rain and fogs of an English winter. Mr. 
 Pitt and Mr. Murray at Cornbury 9 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. George Grenville. October 21. — Expresses great 
 interest in the restoration of his health 12 
 
 Mr. George Lyttelton to Mr. George Grenville. October 24. — A 
 winter in Westminster Hall, and the House of Commons the 
 worst in the world. Residence at Wickham while Mrs. For- 
 tescue is furnishing his house in town . . . . .13 
 
 Mr. William Murray to Mr. George Grenville. November 3. — 
 Visit to Hagley. Lyttelton and Pitt. Pope at Bath making 
 epigrams. Lord Hervey writing libels. Legacy of £12,000 
 a year bequeathed to Lord Bath . . . . . .16 
 
 Mr. Richard Grenville to Mr. George Grenville. November 22. — 
 Mr. Dodington has owned his marriage. Lord Cobham and 
 Lord Gower refuse to go into the Cabinet. Pitt in the House 
 of Commons. Parliamentary divisions . . . . .18
 
 XXIV CONTENTS. 1743-6. 
 
 1743. 
 
 Page 
 
 Captain Thomas Grenville to Mr. George Grenville. February 
 28. — Account of having taken a rich prize in the Spanish West 
 Indies 20 
 
 1744. 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Captain Thomas Grenville. June 10. — 
 Visit to Stowe. Lord and Lady Cobham. Lady Blandford 
 and Miss Wyndham. Success of the British arms in Flanders. 
 Death of Pope . . . . ... . . .24 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Captain Thomas Grenville. October 22. 
 — General news. The Army in Flanders. Deaths of the 
 Duchess of Marlborough and Lady Granville. Will of the 
 former. Mr. Pitt at Bath. Dr. Ayscough appointed Preceptor 
 to Prince George ......... 29 
 
 1745. 
 
 Mr. Richard Grenville to Mr. George Grenville. January 8 . 33 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Captain Thomas Grenville. May 13. — 
 Court Martial on Admirals Lestock, Matthews, and others. 
 Defeat of the Army in Flanders. Reinforcements from Ireland 35 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Mr. Richard Grenville. October 3. — 
 Zeal and loyalty of the City. Rebellion in the North. Battle 
 between the Prussians and Austrians. Accounts from New 
 England of a rich prize taken from the French . . .39 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Mr. Richard Grenville. October 5. — 
 Proceedings of the rebels in the North . . . . .41 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Captain Thomas Grenville. October 10. — 
 Reinforcement of the Army in the North under Marshal Wade 42 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Captain Thomas Grenville. October 15. 
 — Accounts of the Rebellion ....... 44 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Captain Thomas Grenville. December 
 28. — Duke and Duchess of Queensberry and Mr. Pitt at Wot- 
 ton. Recall of Admiral Vernon. Probability of a French In- 
 vasion ........... 46 
 
 1746. 
 
 Colonel Richard Lyttelton to Captain Thomas Grenville. Fe- 
 bruary 13. — Resignation and re-appointment of the Cabinet 
 Ministers .......... 49 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. George Grenville. August 25. — Requests that 
 Mr. Hoare may paint his portrait . . . . . .51 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. George Grenville. October 29. — Grief of Lady 
 S'iffolk for the death of the Hon. George Berkeley . . 52 
 
 Admiral Anson to Mr. George Grenville. November 4 . .53
 
 1 747-49. CONTENTS. XXV 
 
 Page 
 The Duke of Bedford to Mr. George Grenville. November 11. — 
 
 Intended Expedition against Canada, in the Spring . . 54 
 
 The Duke of Bedford to Mr. George Grenville. November 24. — 
 
 Troops ordered from Ireland. Additional supply required for 
 
 the expenses of the Navy . . . . . . .55 
 
 1747. 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Captain Thomas Grenville. April 2. — 
 The Bristol, and Captain Grenville's ship, the Defiance, ordered 
 to sea under the command of Admiral Anson . . .58 
 
 Admiral Anson to Mr. George Grenville. April 3. — Reasons why 
 he did not mention that the Bristol and the Defiance were to go 
 out of Channel with him ....... 60 
 
 Admiral Anson's orders to Captain Grenville. April 7 . .61 
 
 Mr. Andrew Guthrie, Surgeon of the Defiance, to Mr. George 
 Grenville. May 16. — Captain Grenville mortally wounded. 
 Account of his death . . . . . . . .61 
 
 Colonel Speed to Mr. Richard Grenville. June 29. — Critical 
 situation of the Army in Flanders . . . . .63 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Richard Grenville. June 30. — Success of the 
 Elections. Defeat of the British troops under the Duke of 
 Cumberland. Ligonier and Conway prisoners. Lord Albe- 
 marle wounded ......... 65 
 
 Lord Barrington to Mr. George Grenville. September 5. — Ac- 
 count of the death of Colonel Speed . . . . .67 
 
 Mr. George Lyttelton to Mr. George Grenville. September 21. — 
 Mr. Pitt assisting him in contriving improvements at Hagley. 
 Visit from Thomson. Desires further leave of absence from 
 the Treasury ......... 68 
 
 Mr. Oswald to Mr. George Grenville. November 5. — Military 
 affairs in Holland and Flanders. Dutch liberty extinguished. 
 Insolence of the Jacobites in the Highlands. Remarks on 
 Archy Stewart's trial . . . . . . . .70 
 
 1748. 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. George Grenville. April 26 — Preliminaries of 
 Peace 73 
 
 Mr. Pelham to Mr. George Grenville. April 30. — Preliminaries 
 of Peace. Principal articles of the Treaty. The King's jour- 
 ney to Hanover ......... 74 
 
 Lady Dorothy Hobart to Mr. George Grenville. May 12 .76 
 
 1749. 
 The Rev. Charles Lyttelton to Mr. Richard Grenville. January 5. 
 — Remarks on the Temple and Grenville Pedigrees . . 78
 
 XXVI CONTENTS. 1749-53. 
 
 Page 
 
 Mr. Pelham to Mr. George Grenville. September 11. — Express- 
 ing concern for Lord Cobhani's illness 79 
 
 The Hon. George Grenville to the Hon. Richard Grenville-Tem- 
 ple. September 34 ........ 80 
 
 Mr. Grenville-Temple to Mr. George Grenville. September 28. — 
 Enclosing a letter to the Duke of Newcastle . . . .81 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Mr. Grenville-Temple. September 28. — 
 Application to the Duke of Newcastle for the Earldom of 
 Temple 82 
 
 Mr. Grenville-Temple to Mr. George Grenville. September 30. — 
 Expresses satisfaction at the proceedings of the Duke of New- 
 castle, in the matter of the Temple Peerage . . . .84 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Mr. Grenville-Temple. September 30. 
 — Upon the same subject . . . . . . .85 
 
 Mr. Grenville-Temple to the Duke of Newcastle. October 1. — 
 Expressing his wishes that the grant of the Earldom may not 
 be delayed .......... 87 
 
 Mr. Grenville-Temple to Mr. George Grenville. October 3 . 88 
 
 Mr. George Grenville to Mr. Grenville-Temple. October 3. — In- 
 terview with Mr. Pelham upon the subject of the Peerage . 89 
 
 Viscount Cobham to Mr. Grenville. November 26 . .91 
 
 1750. 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. January 20. — Mutiny Bill in the 
 House of Commons ........ 93 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. January 25.— Mutiny Bill . . 94 
 
 1751. 
 
 George Prince of Wales to Viscount Cobham. April 26. — 
 Thanks for condolence on the death of the late Prince of Wales 96 
 
 1752. 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Viscount Cobham. July 13. — The fire 
 at Lincoln's Inn ......... 96 
 
 Mrs. Fortescue to Mr. Grenville. October 18. — Condolence on 
 the death of Countess Temple ...... 98 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. November 16. — Respecting the Mo- 
 nument at Bath to the memory of Captain Thomas Grenville . 99 
 
 1753. 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. March 19. — Entreats him not to sup- 
 port a motion to be made by the Duke of Bedford in the House 
 of Lords 101
 
 1754. CONTENTS. XXVll 
 
 1754. 
 
 Page 
 Mr. Potter to Mr. Grenville. January 11. — On the nomination 
 
 of Mr. Wilkes as High Sheriff of Bucks . . . .102 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. January 29. — Hoare the sculptor. 
 Captain Grenville's monument ...... 103 
 
 Mr. Potter to Mr. Grenville. February 8 .... 104 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. March 6.— Mr. Pelham's illness . 105 
 Mr. Pitt to Sir George Lyttelton and the Grenville brothers. 
 March 7. — Political speculations and arrangements on the death 
 
 of Mr. Pelham 106 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. March 7.— Mr. Pelham's death .110 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. March 11. — Plan to be pursued in the 
 present state of parties. Recommends attention to certain 
 leading men in Parliament. Opinion of Fox . . .112 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. March 14 114 
 
 Sir George Lyttelton to Mr. Grenville. March 18 . . .115 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. March 24. — Letter to the Duke of 
 Newcastle, strong but not hostile. Employment the place of 
 importance, if not of dignity, in the present conjuncture. Re- 
 commends the example of the much-enduring man . .115 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. March 24. — Lord Bolingbroke's 
 
 Essay on Human Knowledge. Warburton's answer . .117 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. April 6. — On his appointment to be 
 Treasurer of the Navy . . . . . . . .118 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. April 8. — Thoughts on public affairs. 
 Sends a portrait of himself, by Hoare, of Bath . . .119 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. May 3 121 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. May 23. —Enjoys the return of health, 
 and the absence of ambition . . . . . . .122 
 
 Lady Hester Grenville to Earl Temple. October . — Her in- 
 tended marriage with Mr. Pitt . . . . . .123 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. October . — On his approaching mar- 
 riage ........... 124 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 12. — Berwick Election . 125 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. October 27. — Upon his approaching 
 marriage with Lady Hester Grenville . . . . .127 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. November 1. — Lord Fane. Duke and 
 
 Duchess of Queensberry. Death of Lord Drumlanrig . .129 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. November 2. — Particulars of his 
 marriage settlement . . . . . • • .131 
 
 Mr. Fox to Mr. Grenville. November 16. — Oxfordshire election 
 
 Petition 132 
 
 Countess Temple to Earl Temple. December 28.— Lord Albe- 
 marle's death. Lady As dream . . 133
 
 XXV111 CONTENTS. 1755-56. 
 
 1755. 
 
 Page 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. May 8. — The French and Eng- 
 lish Fleets in the Bay of Biscay . . . . . .134 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. May 29. — Accident to Lady 
 Betty Germaine ......... 135 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Mr. Grenville. July 15. — Boscawen's 
 action with the French Squadron ...... 136 
 
 Mr. Potter to Mr. Grenville. September . — Kelates a conversa- 
 tion at Powis House between the Duke of Newcastle, Mr. Pitt, 
 and the Lord Chancellor. State of political parties . .137 
 
 Mr. Potter to Earl Temple. October . — Conversation with the 
 Duke of Bedford on the state of political affairs. Fox's eager- 
 ness for place and power, the security of the Duke of New- 
 castle. Influence of the Duke of Cumberland. Fox always 
 pursuing a private rather than a joint plan .... 140 
 
 The Earl of Holdernesse to Mr. Grenville. November 20. — 
 Dismission from his Office of Treasurer of the Navy . 148 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. November 20. — Congratula- 
 tions upon his dismission from Office ..... 148 
 
 Earl Temple to Lady Hester Pitt. November 20. — Requests her 
 interest with Mr. Pitt to give his brother Temple leave to 
 become his debtor for a thousand pounds a year 'till better 
 times ........... 149 
 
 Lady Hester Pitt to Earl Temple. November 21 149 
 
 Earl Temple to Lady Hester Pitt. November 21 . . .150 
 
 Lady Hester and Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. November 21. — Ex- 
 pressing their joint thanks for his affection and generosity . 151 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. November 22 152 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. December 152 
 
 Mrs. Grenville to Mr. Grenville. December 23. — News of the 
 day . . . . . . . . . . .152 
 
 1756. 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. January 3. — Congratulations on the 
 birth of a Son, afterwards the Right Honourable Thomas 
 Grenville .... ..... 154 
 
 Mr. Potter to Mr. Grenville. January 3 . . . . .155 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. March 21. — Desires to know whe- 
 ther Sir George Lyttleton is inflexible respecting the Tax upon 
 Plate 156 
 
 Mrs. Grenville to Mr. Grenville. April 20. — Lady Exeter's 
 Will.— Rumours of Peace. — Arrival of a Prince of Nassau, and 
 an Ambassador from Morocco. — The French Fleet, twelve ships 
 of the line, sailed from Toulon . . . . . .156
 
 1756. CONTENTS. XXIX 
 
 Page 
 
 Mr. Gilbert Elliot to Mr. Grenville. May 25. — Debate on the 
 Militia Bill in the House of Lords 159 
 
 Mr. Gilbert Elliot to Mr. Grenville. May 27.— Militia Bill. — 
 The French Squadron. — Alarm of the Merchants for the safety 
 of their ships. — Death of Sir Dudley Ryder. — Adjournment 
 of the House of Commons . . . . . . .161 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. June 3. — Engagement between 
 the French and English Fleets. — Conduct of Admiral Byng . 163 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. June 5. — The French and English 
 Squadrons. — Admiral Byng returned to Gibraltar. — Dreads to 
 hear from America and Asia . . . . . . .164 
 
 Mr. Potter to Mr. Grenville. June 11 166 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. June 16. — Anxiously impatient that 
 the affair in the Mediterranean should be cleared up . .167 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. June 23. — Expected despatches from 
 Admiral Byng . . . . . . . . .169 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. July 13 170 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. August 20. — Opinion on General 
 Fowke's trial 170 
 
 Mr. Potter to Mr. Grenville. September 11. — Preparations for 
 an expedition to retake Minorca. — The King of Prussia at 
 Leipsic. — Popular clamour against the Duke of Newcastle and 
 Admiral Byng 172 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. October 10 173 
 
 Earl Temple's Minutes from memory of a paper laid before the 
 King by Lord Granville, from Mr. Fox. October 15 . .174 
 
 Mr. Wilkes to Mr. Grenville. October 16. — Sends a political 
 Pamphlet. — Public indignation rising against Lord Anson. — 
 Some warm advocates in favour of Byng. . . . .176 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. October 17. — The Lord Chancellor 
 desires a conference with Mr. Pitt on the state of affairs. — 
 Determination to negative any plan with the Duke of New- 
 castle at the head of it, and to go to this conference without 
 previous participation with Lord Bute . . . . .177 
 
 Lord Hillsborough to Mr. Grenville. October 26. — Rumours of 
 Mr. Pitt's terms for acceptance of office . . . . .178 
 
 Mr. Charles Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. November 15. — Solicits 
 a recommendation to Mr. Pitt for employment in the Secretary 
 of State's office . . . . . . . . .179 
 
 Lord Harcourt to Mr. Grenville. November 21. — Thanks him 
 for his friendly endeavours to serve Mr. Jenkinson, in whose 
 advancement he is much interested . . . . .181 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. Nov. 30. — Enclosing a Pam- 
 phlet by himself on the subject of the Militia . . . 182
 
 XXX CONTENTS. 175G-57. 
 
 Page 
 
 Earl Temple to the Duke of Devonshire. December I. — Dis- 
 approval of that part of the Address which thanks the King for 
 bringing over his Electoral Troops . . . . .182 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Mr. Grenville. December 2. — Encloses a 
 draft of the King's Speech and the Address . . . .184 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire to Earl Temple. December 2. — In reply. 
 Regrets Lord Temple's difficulties with respect to the Address, 
 but does not see any great objection to merely thanking the 
 King for having complied with the advice of his Parliament . 184 
 
 Mrs. Grenville to Mr. Grenville. December 4. — Mr. Pitt has kissed 
 hands as Secretary of State. Circulation of a spurious copy of 
 the King's speech. The Lords summoned thereon . .185 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. December 12. — Proposed bill for 
 quartering the Hessian Troops . . . . . .187 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. December 14. — Respecting a vote 
 for 55,000 men 187 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. December 15. — Relating to the 
 Hessian troops, and recommending that the consideration of the 
 general policy of foreign troops should be referred to the ap- 
 proaching Mutiny Bill .188 
 
 1757. 
 
 Mr. Potter to Mr. Grenville. January 6 . . . . .188 
 
 Sir Henry Erskine to Mr. Grenville. April 1. — Rumours of poli- 
 tical changes . . . . . . . . .189 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. April 4. — Expects a letter of 
 dismission from his Office as First Lord of the Admiralty. Lord 
 Winchilsea to succeed him . . . . . . .191 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. April 8th. — More resignations. 
 Offers without end to the Duke of Newcastle. Freedom of the 
 City in a gold box for Pitt . . . . . . .192 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the Earl of Holdernesse. April 9. — Resigns his 
 commission as Treasurer of the Navy . . . . .194 
 
 The Earl of Holdernesse to Mr. Grenville. April 11. — In reply 194 
 
 Mr. Horace Walpole to Mr. Grenville. May 13. — Encloses a 
 paper containing Thoughts on the ridiculous situation of this 
 country for some months past . . . . . .195 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 30. — Congratulations 
 upon Mr. Pitt being again possessed of the Seals. No further 
 news of the Duke's having passed the Weser. Report that 
 the Empress Queen has recalled Coloredo . . . .195 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 1. — News by the Dutch 
 Mail. Defeat of the Prussians by Marshal Daun . . . 1 96
 
 1757. CONTENTS. XXXI 
 
 Page 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 9. — Movements of the 
 French and Prussian troops. Election at Windsor. Success 
 of Fox . 198 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 19. — Warlike preparations. 
 The Duke of Marlborough and General Conway sent for to 
 receive orders. Powder-mill near Epsom blown up . . 200 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 21. — Lord Loudon sailed 
 for New York with 91 sail of transports and 5 men-of-war. 
 Embarcation of artillery. Popular pleasure at the spirit and 
 secrecy of the enterprise . 201 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 4. — The Duke of Cum- 
 berland defeated by the French. Boscawen's auger at being 
 sent for home : ascribes it to a private pique of Mr. Pitt's, for 
 his opposition to the Navy Bill ...... 202 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 9. — Changes in the 
 command of the French Army, through the influence of Madame 
 de Pompadour. Marshal Richelieu's appointment . . . 204 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. August 11. — The calamitous state of 
 affairs at the seat of war compel him to the immediate adoption 
 of measures which he hopes will be approved of by Lord Tem- 
 ple and Mr. Grenville 206 
 
 Captain Rodney to Mr. Grenville. September 23. — Taking of the 
 Isle of Aix. Captain Howe's cool and steady resolution. Gene- 
 ral Conway in possession of the citadel. Rochelle to be bom- 
 barded 207 
 
 Captain Rodney to Mr. Grenville. September 29. — No further 
 operations succeed the conquest of Aix. Time mis-spent in 
 Councils of War. The scheme for taking Aix and Rochfort 
 wise, prudent, and well timed ...... 208 
 
 Mr. Elliot to Mr. Grenville. October 6. — Attack upon the Fort 
 of Aix. Expected return of the expedition from Rochfort . 209 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 6. — Fleet under Sir 
 Edward Hawke off the Island of Rhe. Retreat of the Russians. 
 Expected news from the King of Prussia . . . .210 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 8. — Arrival of Sir 
 Edward Hawke and the Generals from Rochfort. Account of 
 what was done there, or rather what was not done . . .212 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 11. — Disculpation of 
 Sir Edward Hawke. His reception by the King . . . 2J3 
 
 Captain Rodney to Mr. Grenville. October 13. — The most san- 
 guine expectations might have been answered, had the spirit of 
 the King's instructions been vigorously and speedily executed . 214 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 18. — Difficulty of 
 ascertaining the exact truth with respect to the late unfortunate
 
 XXX11 CONTENTS. 1757-58. 
 
 Page 
 
 armament. Point on which the Generals rest their defence. 
 The Duke of Cumberland resigns all his employments . . 215 
 
 Mr. Elliot to Mr. Grenville. October 18. — Unable to comprehend 
 why nothing was attempted by the late expedition . . .218 
 
 Captain Rodney to Mr. Grenville. October 19. — The opinions he 
 declared in the several Councils of War before Rochfort. 
 Causes of the failure . . . . . . . .218 
 
 Captain Rodney to Mr. Grenville. October 21. — Surprise occa- 
 sioned by an alteration in the command of the Fleet. The 
 cause of these changes . . . . . . . .221 
 
 Mr. Wilkes to Mr. Grenville. October 22. — General discontent. 
 Party almost annihilated. Mr. Pitt's letter. Apprehensions of 
 French invasion. Abuse of Mordaunt. Proposal to send for 
 Clive . 222 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 22. — Opinions of 
 Generals Mordaunt, Conway, and others, on the affair at Roch- 
 fort. Mr. Pitt's letter. The Duke of Cumberland. The 
 King's reception of General Conway ..... 224 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 27. — Rumour of the 
 Plague at Lisbon. Precautions to prevent its communication to 
 this kingdom. Sir John Ligonier to be appointed to the com- 
 mand of the Army ........ 226 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. October 29. — False report of the 
 plague at Lisbon. The French and English Fleets all out of 
 port. The King of Prussia keeps the field : his cause is still 
 alive. An event or two may yet change our gloomy prospects . 227 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 29. — Description of 
 the fortifications at Rochfort ....... 228 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. November 15. — The King of Prussia's 
 victory over the Prince de Soubise. Richelieu said to be re- 
 tiring with precipitation ....... 229 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. November 24 . . . . 230 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. December 13 . . . .230 
 
 1758. 
 
 Captain Rodney to Mr. Grenville. March 15. — The Dublin 
 ready for sea. Reasons why he considers himself injured by 
 the Admiralty in being ordered to America . . . .231 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. March%8. — Prince Ferdinand. 
 Our Fleet in the Mediterranean. The new Bishops have kissed 
 hands to-day ......... 232 
 
 Captain Rodney to Mr. Grenville. March 29. — Has taken a 
 Fronch ship. Not to delay his voyage, he has sent the prize
 
 1758. CONTENTS. XXXU1 
 
 Page 
 
 to Vigo. Requests a convoy, as she is very valuable. Hopes Mr. 
 Pitt and Mr. Grenville will approve of his conduct . . . 233 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 4. — French and Russian 
 armies. Habeas Corpus Bill in the House of Commons . 235 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. May 13. — Burning of the 
 ship Prince George 236 
 
 Countess Temple to Earl Temple. May 13. — At Leicester 
 House. Civility of the Princess of Wales . . . .236 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Mr. Grenville. June 9.— Landing of 
 our troops in Cancale Bay 237 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Mr. Grenville. June . — Express from 
 St. Malo. Re-embarkation of troops 237 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 13.— Trial of Dr. Hen- 
 sey for treasonable correspondence with France . . . 238 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Cotton to Mr. Grenville. June 20.— Detailed ac- 
 count of the Operations of the British troops in North America, 
 under the command of Generals Amherst, Wolfe, and Aber- 
 crombie 240 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. June 27.— Prince Ferdinand's vic- 
 tory at Creveldt. Twelve squadrons of English cavalry are 
 being sent to this glorious school of war .... 244 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 27.— Prince Ferdinand's 
 victory. King of Prussia. Siege of Olmutz. French 
 finances 244 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Mr. Grenville. June 29 246 
 
 Mr. Elliot to Mr. Grenville. July 4.— Arrival of the Duke 
 of Marlborough, and Lord George Sackville from the Army. 
 Reinforcements for the Rhine 246 
 
 Mr. Elliot to Mr. Grenville. July 10. — French Settlements on 
 the river Senegal taken by the English. Ironical remarks 
 upon the Ministry ........ 248 
 
 Sir Richard Lyttelton to Mr. Grenville. July 22. — Siege of* 
 Olmutz raised. Prussian Army assembled at Littau. Louis- 
 bourg despaired of in France . . . . . .249 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 22. — Ill success in Mo- 
 ravia. Account of the Russian Army. Siege of Olmutz . 251 
 
 Sir Richard Lyttelton to Mr. Grenville. July 28 252 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 10. — Our troops under 
 General Bligh landed at Cherbourg . . . .253 
 
 Tbe Rev. Mr. Cotton to Mr. Grenville. August 10. — Account of the 
 Operations of the troops in North America .... 254 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 14. — Surrender of 
 
 Cherbourg 256 
 
 Earl Temple to the Duke of Newcastle. August 16 . . . 257 
 
 VOL. I. c
 
 XXXIV CONTENTS. 1758. 
 
 Page 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 18. — Successes in 
 America : taking of Louisbourg ...... 258 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Earl Temple. August 19.— Congra- 
 tulations upon the taking of the islands of Cape Breton and 
 
 St. John's . .259 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. August 22.— Repulse of General 
 
 Abercrombie at Ticonderago. Death of Lord Howe . .261 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 2.— The King of 
 Prussia's victory at Custrin. Cannon from Cherbourg, and 
 Colours from Louisbourg to be fixed as a Trophy in Hyde 
 
 Park 263 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 7. — Further parti- 
 culars of the King of Prussia's victory. General Amherst 
 sends troops to reinforce Abercrombie at Ticonderago. Colours 
 from Louisbourg carried in procession to St. Paul's . . 264 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 14. — Our troops have 
 again landed on the coast of France. Retreat of the Russian 
 Army 266 
 
 Earl Temple to the Duke of Newcastle. September 18. — Ex- 
 presses his wishes to be recommended to the King for the 
 honour of the Garter, vacant by the death of Lord Carlisle. 
 Desires the Duke's good offices in disposing the King's mind 
 to give him this mark of his Royal condescension and good- 
 ness ........... 267 
 
 Earl Temple to the Earl of Lincoln. September 19. — Expresses 
 the pleasure he derived from a visit to Oatlands. Encloses a 
 copy of his letter to the Duke of Newcastle .... 268 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 23. — Books whieh 
 he desires to consult for the completion of a political treatise 
 on which he is employed. Sends a list of works which he has 
 been unable to procure ........ 270 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 30. — King of Prussia 
 and Marshal Daun. Much debate in relation to the conduct of 
 General Bligh 271 
 
 Earl Temple to the Duke of Newcastle. October 1. — Upon the 
 subject of his application for the Garter .... 272 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Cotton to Mr. Grenville. October 24. — Particulars 
 of the late military movements in North America . . . 273 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. November ..... 275 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. November 19. — Desiring his assist- 
 ance to prepare the Address in answer to the King's Speech . 276 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. November 19 276 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. December 15. — Views of political 
 advancement 277
 
 1758-59. CONTENTS. XXXV 
 
 Page 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Earl Temple. December 18. — That 
 
 the King has appointed him to succeed the Duke of Marlbo- 
 
 borough as Lord Lieutenant of Bucks ..... 278 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Mr. Grenville. December 19 . . 278 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. December 19. — Interview with 
 
 the Duke of Newcastle. Reception at Court. Death of Sir 
 
 George Lee 279 
 
 Earl Temple to the Duke of Newcastle. December 20 . . 280 
 Mr. James Grenville to Mr. Grenville. December 20 . .281 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. December 26. — Affairs of Hol- 
 land. The Duke of Newcastle has spoken warmly in his 
 favour, upon the subject of the employment he desires . . 282 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. December 28. — Case of Mr. 
 Grant, a Lieutenant of Grenadiers, who had killed an Irish 
 officer in the French Service ....... 284 
 
 1759. 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. January 2. — Requests his 
 opinion of a Pamphlet which he encloses. Contest at Oxford 
 for the Chancellorship ........ 285 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. January 11. — On the subject 
 of Treaties between France and Holland .... 287 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. January 18. — The French 
 have abandoned Fort Duquesne. Speculation upon the arrival 
 of M. Bussy in London ....... 289 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 7. — Relates a conversa- 
 tion with Lord Holdemesse, the Duke of Newcastle, and Lady 
 Yarmouth, respecting his own views of employment . . 290 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 10.— The Hereditary 
 Prince, and the troops of Wirtemburg. Prince Ferdinand at 
 Fulda 294 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 12. — Decision of the 
 Lords Commissioners in the case of a Dutch Appeal . . 295 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 17. — The Dutch Deputies 
 introduced to the King. The French Fleet in the Harbour of 
 Brest. Kitty Fisher and Lord Poulet 296 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 19. — Negotiation of the 
 Dutch Deputies. Marriage of Lord Waldegrave with Miss 
 Walpole ...... • -298 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 24. — Repulse of Prince 
 Ferdinand .... 299 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. May 24. — The Dutch Cause 
 before the Lords of Appeal . ..... 300 
 
 c2
 
 XXXVI CONTENTS. 1759. 
 
 Page 
 
 .Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. May 28. — Announces Lady Hester's 
 safe delivery of a son . . . . . . . .301 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. May 29 .... 302 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Cotton to Mr. Grenville. June ].. — Disposition of 
 
 the British forces in North America. Expedition to Quebec . 303 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 14. — Surrender of Gua- 
 daloupe. Junction of the Armies of Marshal Contades and the 
 
 Due de Broglio 306 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. June 23 307 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 26. — Lady Coventry and 
 
 the mob in Saint James's Park ...... 308 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 3. — General Wolfe sailed 
 
 from Louisbourg, and proceeding to Quebec .... 309 
 Sir Richard Lyttelton to Mr. Grenville. July 7 . . . 310 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 7. — Havre de Grace 
 
 bombarded by Captain Rodney . . . . . .312 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 17. — The King has 
 
 reviewed the Norfolk Militia. Prince Ferdinand retreated to 
 
 Osnaburgh .......... 312 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. July 21 314 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 26 .... 314 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 6. — Behaviour of the 
 
 French prisoners at Winchester . . . . . .315 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Cotton to Mr. Grenville. August 27.— Detailed 
 
 particulars of preparations for the siege of Quebec . . .318 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 6. — Continental 
 
 news ........... 324 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Cotton to Mr. Grenville. September 20.— Siege of 
 
 Quebec. Death of General Wolfe ..... 325 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 22. — The Armies on 
 
 the Continent. Lord George Sackville. Duke of Newcastle's 
 
 speech on the war, and the causes of it . . . . .327 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 2. — Militia matters. An 
 
 attorney's claim of exemption ...... 328 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. November 4 329 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. November 13 330 
 
 Tbe Earl of Bute to Earl Temple. November 14. — Upon his 
 
 resignation of the Privy Seal ...... 331 
 
 Memorandum by Lord Temple, relating to the Garter, and his 
 
 return to office. November 15 . . . . . .331 
 
 Memorandum by Earl Temple in reply to the Duke of Devon- 
 shire. November 15. — Upon the King's desire that he should 
 
 return to his service . . . . . . . .331
 
 1759-60. CONTENTS. XXXV11 
 
 Page 
 The Duke of Devonshire to Earl Temple. November 15 . . 332 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Greuville. December 25. — Pamphlet on 
 the Peace — Marriage of Lord George Lenox and Lady Louisa 
 
 Ker 332 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. December 29 . . . . 335 
 
 1760. 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. January 8. — Agitation in 
 
 Saxony 336 
 
 Earl Temple to the Duke of Devonshire. January 31 . . 337 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire to Earl Temple. January 31 . . 338 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Earl Temple. January 31. — Con- 
 gratulations upon his receiving the Oxxler of the Garter . . 339 
 The Earl of Bute to Earl Temple. February . . .339 
 
 Mr. Elliot to Mr. Grenville. March 340 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. May 17 .... 340 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. May 24. — History of the 
 French Policy in respect to their Colonies . . . .341 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 19. — Action near Quebec. 343 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Earl Temple. July 9. — Critical 
 
 situation of the King of Prussia. — Our success in America . 344 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Earl Temple. July 19 . . .345 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. July 22. — Reinforcements sent to the 
 Army in Germany. — Hopes Lord Temple will approve of tins 
 measure. — Not a moment was to be lost, and he stands respon- 
 sible for the event ........ 346 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Earl Temple. Auyust 2. — The 
 death of Lady Lincoln ........ 347 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Cotton to Mr. Grenville. Auyxist 5. — Remarks 
 upon the Operations of the British Fleet on the Coast of 
 
 France 349 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Grenville. October 4. — Sends some impor- 
 tant papers on the subject of Spain ..... 352 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 11 . 353 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. October 18. — Address from the City 
 of London .......... 355 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. November 13. — Encloses a draft of 
 the King's Speech. — Desires Mr. Grenville 's assistance in pre- 
 paring the Address .355 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. November. — Political affairs. 
 — Lord George Sackville at Court ...... 356
 
 XXX VI 11 CONTENTS. 1761. 
 
 17G1. 
 
 Page 
 
 Countess Temple to Earl Temple. January 6. — Death of Lady 
 Jane Coke and of Lord Harry Beauclerc. — The King's bounty 
 to Lord Aston 358 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. February 11. — Congratu- 
 lates him upon his being appointed a Cabinet Minister . .359 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. March 24. — Thanks him for 
 his present situation as Private Secretary to Lord Bute . . 359 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. March 26. — Lord Bute has 
 taken the Seals of Secretary of State. — He is desired by Lord 
 Bute to correspond with Mr. Grenville, and to communicate to 
 him all things of importance . .... 360 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. May 21 . . . .361 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. May 28. — Siege of Belleisle . 362 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 9. — M. Bussy's inter- 
 view with Mr. Pitt 363 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 11. .... 364 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 13. — Surrender of Bel- 
 leisle. — Mr. Stanley's conversation with the Due de Choiseul . 364 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 16. — Mr. Stanley's des- 
 patches. — Due de Choiseul, Madame de Pompadour, and the 
 Court of France. — Conduct of Bussy ..... 365 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 18. — Character of the 
 Due de Choiseul. — Cabinet Council upon the proposals for 
 Peace. — Abstract of the despatch to be sent to Mr. Stanley . 367 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 20. — Instructions to Mr. 
 Stanley. — Bussy's contradictory language . . . . 369 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 23. — Bussy is horrified 
 with Mr. Pitt's presence. ....... 370 
 
 Mi\ Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 25. — Cabinet Council 
 upon the Conditions of Peace. ...... 371 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 27. — Particulars of in- 
 structions sent to Mr. Stanley ...... 372 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. June 30. — The Due de 
 Choiseul takes time to consider Mr. Pitt's proposals . .373 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 2. — Summons for an Ex- 
 traordinary Council ........ 374 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Mr. Grenville. July 2. — The King to be personally 
 present at the Extraordinary Council summoned for Wednesday 
 next . » • . • . . . . • . o * 4; 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 14. — Lord Bute's letter to 
 the Duke of Bedford on the Conditions of Peace . . . 375 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 21. — Lord Bute is dis- 
 gusted with the Memorial from the Due de Choiseul . . 376
 
 1761. CONTENTS. XXXIX 
 
 Page 
 
 Lady Hester and Mr. Pitt to Mr. James Grenville. July 22. — 
 Duke Ferdinand's Victory. Capture of a 64 gun-ship in the 
 West Indies . . . 377 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. July 25. — Terms of the Ulti- 
 matum transmitted to Paris. Bussy's Memorial of an insidious 
 and impertinent nature ........ 378 
 
 Mr. Jenkinsorj to Mr. Grenville. July 28. — Unanimity of the 
 Cabinet with respect to the Moderation of the Conditions of 
 Peace, and of the insolent Memorial presented by Bussy . 379 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 4. — Critical state of 
 affairs on the Continent. Progress of Negotiations for Peace . 380 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 6. — Ultimatum from 
 France bears a hostile appearance. Opinions of the Duke of 
 Newcastle, Mr. Pitt, and Lord Bute 381 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. August 6. — The Duke 
 of Manchester as Lord Chamberlain. M. Bussy at Court. 
 Expected arrival of the future Queen 383 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. August 8. — Despatches for Mr. 
 Stanley. The French fisheries 385 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. August 10. — French Ultimatum. Pros- 
 pect of Peace extremely clouded. M. de Choiseuldoes him in- 
 justice in thinking that he wishes to continue war at any rate . 385 
 
 Mr. Pitt's and Earl Temple's Opinions delivered in writing to the 
 King, September 18, advising an immediate rupture with 
 Spain, and the recall of Lord Bristol ..... 386 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. September 25. — Doubtful 
 aspect of affairs : laments his misfortune that with an ardent 
 wish to serve his King and Country, he finds nothing but rocks 
 and quicksands in his way ....... 388 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the Earl of Bute. September 26. — In reply to 
 the foregoing ......... 388 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. September 29. — Lord Bute has 
 certain intelligence that Mr. Pitt intends to resign . . . 390 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 2. — Mr. Pitt and Lord 
 Temple have declared in Council their resolution to resign . 391 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. October 2.— Mr. Pitt has 
 taken his leave. Perilous situation of the King. A New 
 Ministry to be formed ........ 392 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 3. . . . . 393 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Mr. Grenville. October 7. — Respect- 
 ing the choice of a Speaker ....... 393 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to the Earl of Bute. October 12. — Resigns 
 his office of Cofferer ........ 394 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. October 1 3. — Conduct and
 
 xl CONTENTS. 1761-62. 
 
 Page 
 
 character of the Duke of Newcastle. Professions of attach- 
 ment to Mr. Grenville 395 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Mr. Grenville. October 13. — Approves 
 of the proposal to request Mr. Prowse to be Speaker of the 
 
 House of Commons 397 
 
 Mr. Grenville to Mr. Prowse. October 14. — Requests that he will 
 allow himself to be put in nomination as Speaker of the House 
 of Commons ......... 398 
 
 The Earl of Hardwicke to Mr. Grenville. October 16. — Relating 
 to the Naturalization of the Queen. A special Act for that 
 purpose might be thought to prejudice the general Prerogative 
 of the Crown ......... 400 
 
 The Earl of Lincoln to Earl Temple. October 9 402 
 
 Mr. Prowse to Mr. Grenville. October 16. — Declines the Speaker- 
 ship on account of his ill health ...... 402 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 16. — Mr. Pitt's resignation, 
 and his own. The Public deluded : their idol become the 
 object of their unjust abuse. His admiration of Mr. Pitt, and 
 approval of his acceptance of the King's gracious offers . . 404 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. October 22. .... 405 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 22. — Indignity done to Mr. 
 Pitt. He deserved far other treatment from the Public . . 406 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 29 406 
 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. November 1 407 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. James Grenville. November 3. — Gift of 
 5000Z. to his sons ........ 408 
 
 Mr. James Grenville to Earl Temple. November 3. — Expressions 
 of gratitude and attachment ....... 408 
 
 Mr. Grenville's Political Narrative ...... 409 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. November 11 . . .416 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. November 12. — Laments 
 
 the differences of opinion in the Cabinet . - . .416 
 
 Countess Temple to Earl Temple. November 19. — Mr. Pitt's 
 
 letter and Beckford's reply. — Satirical verses on Mr. Pitt . 417 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. December 10. — Congratula- 
 tions upon his Speech in the House of Commons . . .418 
 
 1762. 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. January 9. — Ecclesiastical 
 patronage. — His anxiety to make proper choice of Clergy . 418 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. January 11.— Promises to 
 propose the Dean of Exeter for one of the vacant Bishoprics . 420
 
 1762. CONTENTS. xli 
 
 Page 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 10. — Despatches from 
 
 St. Petersburgh — Prussian and Prussian politics . . . 420 
 Mr. Grenville's Narrative of Political Events .... 422 
 
 Mr. Jenkinson to Mr. Grenville. April 13. — Consternation in 
 France at the loss of Martinique ...... 439 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the Earl of Bute. April 29. — Draft of the 
 King's Message to the House of Commons to enable him to 
 assist the King of Portugal ....... 440 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 20 . . . . 443 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the Earl of Bute. May 20. — Cornish Elec- 
 tions — Measures relating to Spain and Portugal . . . 444 
 
 Mr. Martin to Mr. Grenville. May 21 445 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 22 . . . .446 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 22. — Endeavours to 
 remove some uneasiness on the part of Mr. Grenville with re- 
 gard to projected changes ....... 446 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 22 . . . . 448 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 25.— The King's 
 
 conduct to the Duke of Newcastle, great and generous . . 448 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 27. — Appointments 
 
 of First Lord of the Treasury and Secretary of State . . 448 
 Mr. Grenville's Narrative of Political Events .... 449 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 28 . . . .453 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the High Bailiff of Buckingham. — Desires to be 
 re-elected Member for the Borough, His Majesty having ap- 
 pointed him to the Office of Secretary of State . . .453 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. May 30.— Draft of the 
 King's Speech ......... 454 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. June I.— The King's 
 
 health 456 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. June 14. — Disapproves of the 
 attack upon the Scotch Nation, and Lord Bute in particular, in 
 
 the North Briton 456 
 
 Tbe Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. June 19. — The Lisbon 
 mail. — Conversation with the King ..... 458 
 
 I'..ul Temple to Mr. Wilkes. June 20. — Deprecates personali- 
 ties against the Royal Family, in a publication called the 
 Monitor .......... 459 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. June 27. — Militia arrangements. — 
 
 The North Briton incorrigible ; doth not mend from sage advice 460 
 Mr. Pitt to Earl Temple. July . — Impatient for an intended 
 meeting at Oatlands . . . . . . . .461 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. July 3. — Despatches 
 from the French and Spanish Couii- .... 162
 
 Xlii CONTENTS. 1762. 
 
 Page 
 
 Mr. Edward Weston to Mr. Grenville. July 9. — Suggestions 
 relative to the Negotiations for Peace . . . . .463 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. July 12.— That our Mini- 
 ster at Berlin should insinuate to the King of Prussia that the 
 Peace must not be obstructed by any demur on his part . .464 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the Earl of Bute. September 1. — Draft of des- 
 patches to the Court of Bei'lin, the Landgrave of Hesse, &c. . 465 
 
 Note by Mr. Grenville concerning a Declaration made by the 
 Prussian Ministers. September 8 . . . . . . 466 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. September 11. — Ardent zeal of the 
 Country Gentlemen against the Ministry .... 469 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. September 14. — Applauds his beha- 
 viour in the matter of Lord Talbot and the North Briton . 471 
 
 Mr. Wilkes to Earl Temple. September 19. — Respecting the 
 affair between him and Lord Talbot . . . . .472 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. September 22. — Wishes he could see 
 a termination, in an amicable manner, of the affair with Lord 
 Talbot 474 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. September 24 — Projet 
 from the Due de Nivernois 474 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. September 26. — The 
 Duke of Bedford's despatches from the French Court . . 475 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. October . — Arrival 
 of important despatches from the Duke of Bedford. Urges 
 Mr. Grenville to come to town instantly .... 476 
 
 Colonel Berkeley to Earl Temple. October 7. — Encloses the fol- 
 lowing letter from Mr. Wilkes, and describes the circumstances 
 under which it was confided to his care ..... 477 
 
 Mr. Wilkes to Earl Temple. October 5. — On the point of fight- 
 ing a duel with Lord Talbot. Commends his daughter to Lady 
 Temple's protection 477 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 6. — Upon the subject of 
 the duel .......... 478 
 
 Earl Temple to Colonel Berkeley. October 7. — On the subject of 
 the duel between Wilkes and Lord Talbot .... 479 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. October 10. — Remarks 
 upon the Duke of Bedford, and upon the Preliminaries of 
 Peace ........... 480 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. October 10. — Lord Bute 
 resolved to have compensation for the Havannah, or to continue 
 the war. Sends a draft of his letter to the Duke of Bedford .481 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the Earl of Egremont. October 10 . . 481 
 
 The Earl of Bute to Mr. Grenville. October 10.— Convinced of 
 the necessity of some new arrangement of the Cabinet . . 482
 
 1762. CONTENTS. xliii 
 
 Page 
 Memorandum, by Mr. Grenville, respecting Cabinet arrangements 482 
 
 Mr. Wilkes to Earl Temple. October 12 485 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Earl Temple. October 12— Presenta- 
 tion of the Buckinghamshire Address ..... 487 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 17. — The Buckinghamshire 
 Address. Infamous falsehoods of the Auditor. Advises him to 
 cultivate eloquence, that applauding Senates may give testimony 
 to his excellent talents ........ 488 
 
 Mr. Wilkes to ■ . October 18. — Arrangements for the 
 
 North Briton. Impatient to receive his copy of the Essay 
 
 on Woman .....••••• 489 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. October 21. — Becommends that, as 
 Colonel of Militia, no political difference of opinion should 
 clash with the public service. Begs him to send no more scraps 
 of verses .......... 490 
 
 Mr. Grenville to the Earl of Egremont. October 24.— Approves 
 of the despatches to the Duke of Bedford .... 492 
 
 The Earl of Egremont to Mr. Grenville. October 25 . . 493 
 
 Earl Temple to Mr. Wilkes. November 2 .... 494
 
 COBBIGENDA. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 Page 34, note 3 , for p. 1 read p. 11. 
 „ 49, line 15, for February 3 read February 13. 
 „ 55, line 1, for 3 read '. 
 
 „ 78, note ', for Society of Antiquarians read Society of Antiquaries. 
 „ 96, line 2, for 1750 read 1751. Frederick, Prince of Wales, died on the 20th 
 
 of March, 1750-51. 
 „ 126, line 11, for mortality read morality. 
 „ 157, note 3 , for Lady Francis read Lady Frances. 
 „ 193, line 10, for Carysfoot read Carysfort. 
 „ 236, the last note, for ' read 2 . 
 „ 238, last line, for ' read 2 . 
 „ 402, The Earl of Lincoln to Earl Temple. October 9, 1761. This letter has 
 
 been accidentally misplaced ; it should have been inserted according to its date, 
 
 on page 394. 
 „ 406, line 10, for white as the snow on salmon, read white as the snow on Salmon. 
 „ 421, note -, for Russian read Prussian. 
 „ 470, note ', for Carrington read Carington.
 
 CORRIGENDA. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 Page 325, line 4, for Marlborough, read Marburg, a small fortified 
 place in Hesse. 
 
 Pag<- 383, line 18. The Lord Grantham alluded to was an old 
 Dutchman, named Henry de Nassau, who was created Earl of 
 Grantham in 1698. He was for a long time Chamberlain, and 
 a kind of Polonius to Queen Caroline. He died in ] 754. 
 
 Page 425, line 16, for former, read latter. 
 
 Pages 480-481. Of the three letters dated October 10, the first is 
 misplaced: it should have been the last. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Page 114, line 12 and line 15. There is probably some error in the 
 
 figures, but they are correctly copied. 
 Page 155, line 26. Mr. Walkub means Mr. Henry Wauchope, M.P. 
 
 for Bute. 
 Page 170, line 6, agreeing is the right word; it is often used in the 
 
 sense of agreeing on. 
 Page 246, line 13, and page 497, line 31. The person alluded to in 
 
 both instances was the Rev. John Home.
 
 THE 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 VISCOUNT CORNBURY' TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE 2. 
 
 Cornbury 3 , August 3, 1742. 
 
 How uncertain are appearances ! When first I saw 
 your handwriting this morning, it gave me great delight. 
 I imagined it would inform me that I should see you 
 soon, and that I should see vou here, which were two 
 things I particularly wished for ; and, besides, I longed 
 to know what was become of you, for I did not know 
 where to find you out and ask you these questions. 
 
 1 Henry Hyde, Viscount Cornbury, eldest son of Henry, fourth 
 Earl of Clarendon. He died in May, 1753, a few months before his 
 father. Bolingbroke's Letters on the Study and Use of History 
 were addressed to this young Lord, whose sister, Catherine, Duchess 
 of Queensberry, was the well-known patroness of Gay. Lord Corn- 
 bury is mentioned by Walpole as the author of a few pamphlets, 
 some tragedies, and a comedy; to the latter Walpole contributed a 
 preface, printed at Strawberry Hill, in which Lord Cornbury is de- 
 scribed as possessing " one of the best hearts that ever warmed a 
 human breast ; " and Lady Mary Wortley Montague, in expressing 
 her sorrow for his untimely death, says, " He had certainly a very 
 good heart: I have often thought it a great pity it was not under the 
 
 direction of a better head His desire of fixing his 
 
 name to a certain quantity of wall, is one instance, among thousands, 
 of the passion men have for perpetuating their memory." 
 
 2 At this time M.P. for the Borough of Buckingham. 
 
 3 Cornbury Park, in Oxfordshire ; formerly the residence of the 
 Lord Chancellor Clarendon, now the property of Lord Churchill. 
 
 VOL. I. B
 
 ^ GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 Instead of this, you will give me leave to say that I 
 found your letter as disagreeable as a letter from you 
 could be, for it acquaints me that you are passed by 
 me without health, after having been at Cheltenham to 
 seek it. It mortifies me, too, another way, by marking 
 out to me a way in which I might have been useful to 
 you, when I am not able to undertake it. I have had 
 sickness enough myself to feel the obligation I have to 
 you for thinking of me for a companion when you are 
 not well ; and, besides the real satisfaction I should 
 have in being useful to you, and the pleasure I should 
 find in your company, I am in your debt, you know, 
 upon that very account, so that you cannot, I hope, doubt 
 that I would most readily embrace your offer to accom- 
 pany you to the south of France ', if it were in my 
 power; but the little good I found from my last travels 
 made me exclude that remedy from my schemes of 
 health, even w r hen I wanted it (which, I thank God, 
 with tolerable care, is not now the case, even after my 
 long imprisonment) ; and, considering myself as fixed 
 and settled at home (not to be useless or idle there), I 
 embarked myself in several businesses, which, little as 
 they are with respect to anybody but myself and my 
 own family, as 1 have squared all my affairs accordingly, 
 could not be left without much inconvenience and dis- 
 
 1 Mr. Grenville had been for some years in a weak state of health, 
 and was now about to undertake a tour in France for the amendment 
 of it. In a letter from Mr. George Lyttelton to Pope, dated Decem- 
 ber, 1739, he says, "George Grenville is in a fair way of recovery; 
 the waters (of Bath) agree with him, and he mends in all respects. 
 Cheyne says he is a giant, a son of Anak, made like Gilbert, the late 
 Lord Bishop of Sarum, and may therefore, if he pleases, live for ever : 
 his present sickness being nothing but a fillip which Providence gave 
 him for his good, to make him temperate, and put him under the care 
 of Dr. Cheyne." — PhiUimores Life of Lord Lyttelton, vol. i. p. 127.
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. o 
 
 order to them. Some part of that business I should 
 have been rejoiced to have shown you here, some im- 
 provements in this park, some useful and agreeable 
 repairs to this house, which I could not, with any ease 
 to myself, leave unsettled and unpaid, and go out of 
 England, besides other matters that keep me in it. 
 
 In short, I have bought a team of oxen and cannot 
 come, I have built a house and cannot come, I have 
 every excuse but that of having married a wife ; and 
 who knows but even that may happen to me in my pre- 
 sent disposition to be fixed in this country, and settled 
 at home. I am, indeed, as happy at this home now as 
 a man can be who has neither parents, nor children, 
 nor mistress, nor wife. 
 
 Friends I have had here, and need not, I hope, tell 
 you that no friend I have could make me happier than 
 yourself. Some cold weather we have had since I came 
 here, but we now bask in the sunbeams which gild our 
 prospects, and which are so very pretty that they do not 
 want gilding, if it were not so much the fashion. 
 
 I cannot quite understand why Lady Suffolk ! , Mr. 
 Berkeley, and yourself took so much pains to avoid 
 making an humble servant happy, as you must have 
 done in this expedition, when you dined at one inn 
 within five miles of me, and were to lie at another ten 
 miles off from me. I will venture to say that we could 
 
 1 Henrietta Hobart, widow of Charles Howard, ninth Earl of Suf- 
 folk, at this time the wife of the Hon. George Berkeley, youngest 
 son of the second Earl of Berkeley. Lady Suffolk had been Mistress 
 of the Robes to Queen Caroline, and a well-known favourite at the 
 Court of George the Second. Her character, drawn by Swift and 
 Walpole, together with a biographical account, will be found prefixed 
 to the edition of her Letters published, under the editorial care of the 
 Rt. Hon. John Wilson Croker, in 1824. 
 
 B 2
 
 4 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 have taken as much care of a sick man here, as at any 
 other inn upon the road, and may be have amused those 
 that were well, as tolerably. One thing, however, I 
 have learnt from this, that I should be in no pain for 
 you if you do go abroad, as to any straggling parties, 
 for it will be a strange thing if a man should not know 
 how to avoid his enemies, who showed so much skill in 
 avoiding his friend. 
 
 But if I have gained this satisfaction upon your ac- 
 count, I have the mortification at the same time to be 
 no longer able to do myself the credit in this country 
 of mentioning Lady Suffolk and Mr. Berkeley as my 
 friends ; for, after what has happened, I should not be 
 believed. 
 
 I wish I could name to you, as you desire, some per- 
 son whom vou could like to travel with. If you persist 
 in your scheme of staying three months only, I could 
 wish Mr. Pitt x would go with vou for both vour sakes, 
 though not for mine, since, if he stays in England, I 
 have some hopes of seeing him this summer. 
 
 You know what vast benefit Lord Chesterfield 2 re- 
 ceived by such a jaunt, short as it was ; and I should 
 think his court could not be unreasonable enough not 
 to be glad he should take the means of confirming his 
 health, which another session, after such a one as the 
 last, might chance to shock. 
 
 But give me leave to say to you, that if your own 
 
 health makes it necessarv for you to leave England, vou 
 
 cannot be in the right to think of returning to a winter 
 
 and a parliament. 
 
 William Pitt, afterwards Earl of Chatham, at this time M.P. for 
 Old Sarum. 
 
 ■ Philip Dormer Stanhope succeeded to the earldom of Chesterfield 
 on the death of his father in 172fi. He died in 1773.
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 5 
 
 I do not know that any party is worth killing oneself 
 for, and I think 1 do know that a party is what, whe- 
 ther one will or no, one must finally act for. I say the 
 more upon this, because, if I know you, your zeal is not 
 according to knowledge, with regard to your own con- 
 stitution. I could therefore wish, that you might stay 
 with more ease of mind, that you could, if possible, make 
 your party with some acquaintance, with whom you 
 knew you could agree everywhere but in the House, if 
 you can guess yet with whom you shall, or shall not, 
 agree there. Don't be indolent in settling this party for 
 yourself. I think you have made me long to hear that 
 you are out of England, as much as I used to long to 
 feel myself out of it ; but still I think my lot now is 
 cast, and my mind is fixed to this country, and except 
 when I think of you (if you leave it) I shall not even 
 wish myself out of it. 
 
 In this land where I grew, I shall flourish or wither, 
 as my own nature and culture, and the disposition of 
 the land, and the influence of the heavens, will decide. 
 Every thought of mine is now confined to serve this 
 country while I live, and manure it when I die. Both, 
 you Ml say, in a very little proportion, but yet according 
 to my ability, and in discharge of the debt I owe to it. 
 Indeed there is some more satisfaction in thinking 1 of 
 this country and living in it, than there has been. God 
 grant that the interior prospect may be as happy as the 
 exterior view is likely to be honourable. It is not cant- 
 ing to make that a prayer even in a letter, for to com- 
 pass that great end, our prayers, perhaps, as much as our 
 actions, must operate, since, to effect that, the minds of 
 men (which are in the hands of Providence) must co- 
 operate more than they seem disposed to do at present.
 
 () GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 I cannot end this long tedious letter without again 
 talking to you ahout your health. I wish you would ask 
 whoever you trust whether made asses' milk would not 
 he a good thing for you to take now. It is made of 
 snails and aringo roots, and other ingredients very 
 strengthening, and healing, and cooling. I inclose to 
 vou the receipt ' for it, because I have known great 
 good done by it, to persons who have had your com- 
 plaints, but do not take it without advice, for I know, 
 too, that it may be improper. 
 
 You will think, from talking like a politician, I am, 
 on the sudden, talking like an old woman. If you 
 should, I shall not be the first politician you and I have 
 heard talk so. However, that I may not talk as long as 
 an old woman, let me release you, after I have first as- 
 sured you (if I need assure you) that I am ever, &c, 
 &c. Cornbury. 
 
 Let me hear from you sometimes, and especially if 
 you go out of England. Since your health is out of 
 order, I shall long the more to hear from you. 
 
 'Tis like reading newspapers in time of war. My 
 stay here is uncertain, but I believe I shall go away the 
 middle of next week for ten days or a fortnight, part of 
 which time I shall be at Woburn with Mr. Murray 2 ; 
 and after that, stay here till September, when I expect 
 my father here. I mention this, because any friend of 
 mine who was not acquainted with him, might like as 
 well to take some other time to see me here. I believe 
 
 1 The receipt has not been preserved. 
 The Hon. William Murray, younger son of Lord Viscount Stor- 
 mont, afterwards Lord Chief Justice, and Earl of Mansfield. He was 
 at tins time in Parliament for Boroughbridge.
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 7 
 
 he will stay till some time in October, and part of the 
 time he stays here I shall, I believe, ramble into Wor- 
 cestershire, &c. 
 
 Pray make my compliments to Mr. Pope ' when you 
 see him. 
 
 VISCOUNT CORNBURY TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, August ] 6, O.S., ] 742. 
 
 I have but this moment received yours, my dear Mr. 
 Grenville ; and this is post-day, and I am in company, 
 and engaged in company the rest of the day ; my letter 
 must therefore be short, though I had more to say than 
 I have at present. 
 
 I am here for a few days only upon business, and 
 then return by Woburn to Cornbury, which I hope you 
 will see another year, and like as much as I do. 
 
 I wish I could have come sooner, to have seen you 
 before you went. I have had, however, the pleasure to 
 learn from Mr. Pitt how much you were mended, and 
 have no doubt the south of France will quite re-establish 
 your health. 
 
 Pray let me hear from you sometimes when it is quite 
 easy to you to write ; I hope you know it can only be 
 pleasant to me upon those terms. Make, I beg you, 
 my best compliments at Argeville 2 . Make Lady Boling- 
 broke 3 think well of me, if you can. I am afraid she 
 
 1 Pope has complimented Lord Cornbury in the following lines : — 
 
 " Would you be blest] despise low joys, low gains; 
 Disdain whatever Cornbury disdains ; 
 Be virtuous, .and be happy for your pains !" 
 
 2 Lord Bolingbroke's seat in France, near Fontainebleau. 
 
 3 Clara dc Marsilly, niece of Madame de Maintenon, widow of the 
 Marquis de Villette, and second wife of Henry St. John, Viscount 
 Bolingbroke. She died in L75Q
 
 8 ORENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 doos not just now believe I love and honour her as much 
 as you know I do. Nobody can love and honour you 
 more than yours, &c. C. 
 
 Pray make my compliments to Sir John and to Lady 
 Lambert, if she is returned \ 
 
 MR. WILLIAM PITT TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Clifden 2 , Sept. 1, 1742. 
 My dear Grenville, — I cannot tell you the pleasure 
 I received at Marble Hill 3 yesterday in reading Mr. 
 Berenger's 4 letter from Paris. We talked of you by 
 the hour. I will not tell you all we said of you, but 
 one of our tendernesses and what we all agreed in was, 
 that we wished not to see you these six or seven months 
 at least. Till I knew how you bore your journey, I 
 own I had a thousand fears for you ; I have now but one 
 left, which is, that the sudden change in your health 
 may make you neglect the care of yourself. I hope you 
 have consulted the physician at Argeville, and have 
 resolved to guide yourself by his directions as to the air 
 you will go to live in. Our people here are certainly no 
 judges of that matter. I have just been told by Mr. 
 
 1 This letter is addressed to Mr. George Grenville, " chez Mons. le 
 Chevalier Lambert, Banquier, a Paris." 
 
 ■ Clifden, in Buckinghamshire, then the residence of Frederick, 
 Prince of Wales. Mr. Pitt had been for some time attached to the 
 household of His Royal Highness. 
 
 1 Marble Hill, Twickenham, was built by King George the Second, 
 as a residence for the Countess of Suffolk. Henry, Earl of Pembroke, 
 was the architect ; and the gardens were laid out after a design by 
 Pope. 
 
 Lord Cobham's nephew ; a son of his youngest sister, Penelope 
 Berenger.
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 9 
 
 Schutz, that his son received little or no benefit at Aix, 
 but mended instantly at Lisbon : I don't mention this to 
 you to recommend Lisbon, but as an instance that the 
 air of Aix is not the properest for your complaint. I 
 have seen none of your family since we parted. I shall 
 leave this place in a week and go and rejoice with your 
 friends at Wotton 1 , Stowe 2 , and Hagley 3 , upon the great 
 amendment you have already found. Murray is to meet 
 me at Hagley, who talks of you as I do, or as you do of 
 him. I beg you will not write to me, but if Mr. Beren- 
 ger will have the goodness to give me a line, let him 
 direct to me under cover to Mr. Ritzau in Pall Mall. 
 
 Adieu, my dear George, and remember perpetually 
 how many of us you will oblige by taking care of your- 
 self. — Ever yours most affectionately, W. Pitt. 
 
 VISCOUNT CORNBURY TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Cornbury, Oct. 14, 1742. 
 It was with great pleasure, dear Sir, that I received 
 your letter from Le Teil. At first sight the length of it 
 made me very happy, even before I had read it, since it 
 not only showed me how many of your thoughts you 
 allowed to me, but seemed to promise that your health 
 was extremely mended, since I flattered myself you knew 
 too well the regard I have for you to imagine that you 
 could please me by hurting yourself in the least. But 
 when I had read it, I could not but regret the fatigue 
 my letter must have given you after your journey, and 
 
 1 Mr. Grenville's seat in Buckinghamshire. 
 
 2 Lord Cobham's seat. 
 
 1 The residence of Mr. George Lyttelton, in Worcestershire.
 
 10 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 wished you had had company or amusement to have 
 shortened it. We have known together what a had inn 
 in France can be, but I know nothing is so bad as being 
 alone in such a place ; so that I nattered myself that the 
 indifferent account you give of your health proceeded 
 rather from fatigue and disgust (of both which, by 
 your own account, you must have had a great share 
 since you left Argeville), and that rest and amusement 
 in a good air, with the help of some time, too, will 
 reconcile you better to the scheme you have submitted 
 to. And, indeed, I am the more in haste to answer 
 vour letter, because I would use whatever little interest 
 you allow me to have with you, to dissuade you from 
 those thoughts of returning this winter, to which the 
 disagreeableness of your situation might naturally enough 
 have led you. But I beg you will consider that your 
 journey was not a party of pleasure, but a prescription, 
 and that the operations of climates can only be effectual 
 from time, so that to give up a method to which your 
 physicians have advised you, because you do not imme- 
 diately find the benefit you expected (and which has been 
 occasioned by your own fatigue, perhaps, or some acci- 
 dental ill weather, or being weary of the place you are 
 in) : this would not, give me leave to say, be doing 
 justice to yourself, or, what I know you consider more, 
 not doing justice to your friends, who have a right to 
 your giving them the satisfaction of taking all reason- 
 able ways to re-establish your health. You know very 
 well how necessary time is in this sort of remedy, and 
 therefore I hope you will think no more of returning this 
 winter to England. 
 
 A\ hat may be the business of next winter few per- 
 sons, I believe, if any one, can tell ; but if there should
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 11 
 
 be none of any consequence, your presence will not be 
 necessary ; and if there should, you know very well how 
 unfit the fatigue of such another attendance would be 
 for you, till your health is re-established, and how far it 
 is from being your duty to throw yourself away. What 
 the fogs and rains and winds of an English winter are 
 you know full well, and what the fatigue of the journey 
 will be you have lately experienced, to which you must 
 add all the difference of the approach of winter. Put, 
 therefore, from your thoughts, as far as you can, believe 
 me, all the cares of this scene, till you have fitted your- 
 self to bustle in it, and that you may do that, give 
 yourself up to the strictest attention to your health for 
 this winter. By your own account (allowing for the 
 fatigue of travelling) I rather hope, notwithstanding 
 what you say, that your health is mended, since your 
 cough has left you, and that you find no alteration 
 for the worse, notwithstanding the fatigue of your 
 journey. 
 
 I am glad Mrs. Pitt ' will pass her time so pleasantly. 
 Mrs. Cleland, by this time, is at Argeville, and will not 
 a little continue to mend even that society. Mr. Murray 
 has given me, this recess, a great deal of his time, and 
 consequently made mine, as you will easily believe, very 
 delightful. He gave me above a fortnight here, and 
 most of the rest of his time we rambled together. Mr. 
 Pitt has not yet been here, but I expect him in a few 
 days. Mr. Murray was not gone from hence when I 
 received your letter. I need not tell you how much he 
 
 1 Probably Mrs. Anne Pitt, the eldest sister of William Pitt, Earl 
 of Chatham. Mr. Croker says, " She was remarkable in society, even 
 to old age, for a great decision of character and sprightliness of con- 
 versation." She died in 1780.— Notes to Suffolk Correspondence.
 
 12 GRKNVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 is your friend, and I can assure you he joins heartily 
 with me in hoping we shall not see you this winter. 
 
 I shall long- to hear that you are fixed at Aix, or in 
 any place as proper, and that your friend is returned 
 to you. I interest myself in his health, not only as it 
 is of consequence to yours, but I really wish him well 
 for wishing you so. Cornbury. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, October 31, 1742. 
 Dear Grenville, — If Mr. Berenger 1 be still with 
 vou, I beg you will tell him I have not words to thank 
 him for the pleasure his letter gave me. I don't trouble 
 him with a letter, because I think it more probable he 
 has left you, and that I shall have an occasion of ac- 
 knowledging the favour when I see him in England, 
 before my letter could follow him back from Aix, should 
 he set out from that place. What shall I say to you, 
 my dear George, of England ? I should not tell you 
 how much every friend you have here (which is every 
 acquaintance you have here) interests himself for your 
 perfect recovery. I say I think I should not tell you 
 so, knowing, as I do, the warmth of your gratitude, for 
 fear you should fancy yourself obliged to come home 
 to thank them for their concern for you. I can venture 
 to assure you, in the names of them all, that they will 
 not charge you with the least insensibility to their in- 
 quietudes for you, if you should defer making your 
 acknowledgments in person to them till May, or April 
 at soonest. To speak seriously to you, my dear George, 
 
 Moses Berenger, Esq., who married Penelope, youngest sister of 
 Lord Cobli am.
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 13 
 
 of a subject I think as serious as anything in the world, 
 let us prevail upon you to give till next spring to the 
 establishment of your constitution ; and be assured 
 while you are doing so, you are conferring the highest 
 obligation upon your friends, and upon none of them 
 more than myself. 
 
 I am sorry Mr. Berenger is forced to leave you, be- 
 cause of all men living you most want a friend to put 
 you in mind of attending to the care of yourself: you 
 can have no idea how much care you ought to take 
 of yourself, unless you could hear how mankind talk of 
 you, and how earnestly they wish to see your health 
 perfectly restored and confirmed. I saw Mrs. Gren- 
 ville l , your mother, very well yesterday. The rest of 
 your house I have not seen for this month, but have 
 the pleasure of hearing they are all well. I shall set 
 out for Stowe to-morrow, and not return till the Parlia- 
 ment meets, which it will do the sixteenth of November. 
 When writing is not troublesome to you, give me the 
 pleasure of hearing of you : I live in Cork Street, Bur- 
 lington Buildings. 
 
 Adieu, my dear George, and be assured no one can 
 be with a more perfect esteem than myself, most faith- 
 fully and affectionately yours. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. GEORGE LYTTELTON 2 TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Wickham, October 24 (1742). 
 Dear George, — Nothing ever gave me more joy than 
 the last accounts we have received from France of your 
 
 1 Hester Temple, second sister of Lord Cobham, and widow of 
 Ricliard Grenville, of Wotton. 
 
 2 George Lyttelton, eldest son of Sir Thomas Lytteltou, of Hagley,
 
 It GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 being so near a perfect recovery ; but let me beg you, 
 my dear George, not to trust too much to it, or think 
 of leaving that air from which you have received so 
 much benefit, to come in winter into that of Westmin- 
 ster Hall and the House of Commons, which for your 
 case is certainly the worst in the world. When I ask 
 this of you, I give you the most disinterested proof of 
 my love, for in one of those places I shall want you 
 extremely, and would risk anything but your safety for 
 the advantage of your assistance there ; not that if you 
 w r ere present, you or I either could do any good, but 
 that in the painful race I am to run, it would be a great 
 satisfaction and support to me to have you by my side. 
 I know you will wish yourself there, but don't let that 
 wish nor the zeal of vour heart for a lost cause make 
 you forget, that if by returning too soon you relapse into 
 your illness, all the assistance and pleasure you can give 
 to your friends — all the advantage and honour you can 
 propose to yourself — will be entirely defeated. True 
 wisdom, you know, is proportioning means to ends, and 
 whatever ends you have in view, the first great means 
 to them must be good health ; acquire that, my dear 
 
 by Christian, daughter of Sir Eichard Temple, of Stowe. He was at 
 this time M.P. for Oakhampton. He succeeded to the Baronetcy at 
 the death of his father, in 1751, and was created Baron Lyttelton in 
 L757. Lord Hervey, in his Memoirs of the Reign of George II., 
 thus describes Mr. Lyttelton :— " In his figure, extremely tall and thin : 
 his face was so ugly, his person so ill made, and his carriage so awk- 
 ward, that even- feature was a blemish, every limb an incumbrance, 
 and every motion a disgrace ; but as disagreeable as his figure was, his 
 voice was still more so, and his address more disagreeable than either. 
 He had a great flow of words that were always uttered in a lulling 
 monotony, and the little meaning they had to boast of was generally 
 borrowed from the commonplace maxims and sentiments of moralists, 
 philosophers, patriots, and poets, crudely imbibed, half digested, ill put 
 together, and confusedly refunded."
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 15 
 
 George, and reserve yourself for better times. I would 
 say a great deal to you upon the state of public affairs, 
 and the scene that is opening to us at the meeting of 
 Parliament, if I had any means of conveying my letter 
 to you, except the post ; but I have often experienced 
 that to send one abroad with such things in it is a 
 sure way to make it miscarry, and I had rather you 
 should hear from me than that my letter should stay at 
 the Post Office. 
 
 I will, therefore, only tell you what no Ministry, either 
 old or new, can have any concern in, that Mrs. Lyttelton 1 
 goes happily on with her breeding, that I am very well, 
 and your friends at Hagley much as they used to be. 
 
 Mrs. Fortescue 2 is in town, very busy in furnishing 
 my house for her daughter and me ; in the meanwhile 
 we are at Wickham in great tranquillity. West 3 has 
 the gout, which he is very glad of, as it will probably be 
 the best cure for a feverish disorder he has been indis- 
 posed with some time. Kitty and he join with my wife 
 in sincere congratulations upon your amendment, and 
 
 1 Lucy, daughter of Hugh Fortescue, Esq., of Filleigh, Devon- 
 shire. She was married to Mr. Lyttelton, in June, 1742, and, dying 
 in January, 1747, was the subject of the well-known Monody. 
 
 2 Mrs. Fortescue was the daughter of Matthew, Lord Aylmer, and 
 second wife of Hugh Foi'tescue, of Filleigh. She died in 1707, at 
 
 the age of 80. 
 
 3 
 
 Gilbert West, son of Dr. West, who published an editiou of Pindar. 
 His mother was a sister of Lord Cobham, and be was, consequently, 
 first cousin to Mr. Lyttelton. He was the author of Observations on 
 the Resurrection, a version of Pindar, and some other poetical works. 
 Mr. Pitt procured for him the Treasurership of Chelsea Hospital. He 
 resided at Wickham, in Kent, where he was often visited by Lyttelton 
 and Pitt. It was at Wickham that Lyttelton is said to have received 
 that conviction under which he composed his Observations on the 
 Conversion of St. Paul. West died in March, L756, from a stroke of 
 paralysis, which brought to the grave, says Dr. Johnson, " one of the 
 few poets to whom the grave might be without its terrors."
 
 16 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 wishes for your recovery. How ardently I wish it no 
 words can tell you ; every day I live convinces me more 
 of the value of such men as you, and makes you more 
 dear to your most affectionate, G. Lyttelton. 
 
 MR. WILLIAM MURRAY TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Lincoln's Inn, 3rd Nov., 1742. 
 Dear George, — I have long had a strong impulse to 
 write to you ; you are much in my heart, and often in 
 my thoughts. I am very impatient for your recovery, 
 and rejoice in the favourable accounts I hear. I ram- 
 bled about as usual during the leisure time I had, and 
 amongst other places I was at, I spent three days most 
 agreeably at Hagley, with our friends Lyttelton and Pitt, 
 where you may believe you was not forgot. You guessed 
 right, too, that I should probably be at Cornbury, for 
 your letter to my Lord, which makes very obliging 
 mention of me, found me there. I can send you no 
 news of your friends; to tell you they are extremely 
 anxious about you is none. Pope is at Bath, perched 
 upon his hill, making epigrams, and stifling them in 
 their birth, and Lord H y ' (would you believe it ?) is 
 
 1 John, Lord Hervey, eldest surviving son of the first Earl of Bristol 
 of that name, by his secoud wife, daughter of Sir Thomas Felton 
 and Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter and heiress of the third Earl of 
 Suffolk. Lord Hervey s most entertaining Memoirs of the Reign of 
 George the Second have been recently published from the original 
 manuscript, with Notes and a Biography from the pen of the Right 
 Bon. John Wilson Croker. Lord Hervey died in August, 1743. The 
 libels mentioned above probably refer to a political ballad said to have 
 been written by Lord Hervey. A copy of it was sent by Horace Wal- 
 pole to Sir Horace Maun, October 16, 1742.— See Walpole Correspond- 
 ence, collected edition, vol. i. p. 235.
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 17 
 
 writing libels upon the King and his Ministers. It does 
 not become him to be so employed. Mrs. Smith ' has 
 left all the Bradford estate to my Lord Bath 2 , upon the 
 death of Mr. Newport without issue, who is a lunatic to 
 a degree of idiotcy, and never can recover. They say, 
 when it all comes in, for part now belongs to this Earl 
 of Bradford, who is, and has been a lunatic for many- 
 years, it will be near 12,000/. a year ; but perhaps this 
 is magnified. I have been concerned in a cause about it, 
 and therefore I know 't is reckoned a very great estate. 
 She has left Small, the surgeon, Ijer personal estate, 
 which is said to be worth 50,000/., and she has given 
 George Wilson, whom you know, 1000/., which I am 
 very glad of. 
 
 You know as much of foreign news as we do ; we are 
 told affairs in Germany go very well, and as to domestic, 
 they wait the meeting of the Parliament. 
 
 I have a friend and near relation at A on, a lady 
 
 whose acquaintance you would be pleased with, and who 
 would show a great regard to any one I have so great 
 a friendship for as I have for you. Let me know if 
 your route is like to lie that way, and I will send you 
 a letter to her. No man more ardently wishes to see 
 you return soon to us in strength and health than your 
 most affectionate, &c, W. Murray. 
 
 1 Mrs. Smyth, of Chelsea, who had been mistress to the late Lord 
 Bradford, and by whom she had a son, who changed his name by 
 Act of Parliament from Smyth to Newport. Lord Bradford left her a 
 considerable estate, which she disposed of at her death as above men- 
 tioned. 
 
 2 William Pulteney, recently created Earl of Bath. 
 
 vol. I. c
 
 18 ORENVILLE PAPERS. 1742. 
 
 MR. RICHARD GRENVILLE ■ TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 November 22, 1742. 
 
 Dear George, — I will begin a long letter to you by 
 thanking you for the great instance of your kindness 
 which you have so lately given me, by consenting to sub- 
 mit the government of yourself, at this critical conjunc- 
 ture, entirely to me ; if I refuse to take it, there are 
 people enough here who will be glad of it, I assure you, 
 the moment they see you enter St. Stephen's Chapel. 
 However, that I may still retain my credit with you, 
 I will begin by telling you that I have this morning 
 consulted Dr. Hulse about you, who, upon hearing your 
 letter read, consents to your coming home whenever 
 you please. By him and your own account all your 
 friends here are governed. I long to see you, and could 
 I but flatter myself I should see you well, I should have 
 nothing left to wish. You are to take up your quarters 
 when you come either at my house or Lord CobhamV. 
 Berenger is not yet come, and has already drawn for 
 near 500/. 
 
 Mr. Dodington 3 has writ a very fine and civil letter 
 to Lord Cobham, owning his marriage, and acquainting 
 him that, though it is of a long date, yet he has no 
 
 1 Richard Grenville, afterwards Earl Temple. He was at this time 
 Member for the county of Buckingham. 
 
 2 Sir Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham, of Stowe. 
 
 3 George Bubb Dodington, afterwards Lord Melcombe. He was at 
 this time M.P. for Bridgewater. He married a Mrs. Beghan. Horace 
 Walpole says, " Mr. Dodington has at last owned his match with his 
 old mistress : I suppose he wants a new one."— See Walpole Cor- 
 respondence, vol. i. p. 245. Lord Hervey, also, in his Memoirs of the 
 Eeignof Georye IT., pp. 431-34, has given an amusing account of the 
 character of Dodington.
 
 1742. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 19 
 
 children. Poor old Carter, of Buckingham', is dead, and 
 there has been the devil to pay there about the choice 
 of a burgess : Mr. Read has struck for the government 
 of the Corporation, but I think we shall defeat him 
 entirely; however, it will cost me a journey thither. 
 
 The latter part of your letter is very political, and 
 so great an alteration do three months make that you 
 appear as unknowing in them as any French marquis of 
 them all. Your hero is not the hero he was when you 
 left him. Lord Cobham and Lord Govver 2 have refused 
 going to the cabinet, and we have had very warm work 
 in the House of Commons the first day upon the Ad- 
 dress. Pitt 3 spoke like ten thousand angels ; your hum- 
 ble servant was so inflamed at their indecency that he 
 could not contain, but talked a good while with his 
 usual modesty. Jemmy 4 , too, was all on fire, but could 
 not get a place. We divided 150 against 259. We 
 reckon ourselves, however, 200 ; and it is inconceivable 
 how colloguing and flattering all the ministers are to all 
 of us, notwithstanding our impertinence. We under- 
 stand it, indeed, but had rather they should behave so 
 to us than we to them. Who but young Bathurst 5 to 
 answer me, in the most ridiculous, indecent, stupid 
 
 1 One of the burgesses of Buckingham, and, consequently, one of 
 the thirteen electors for the borough. 
 
 - John Leveson Gower succeeded his father as second Baron Gower, 
 in Sept., 1709. He was made Lord Privy Seal in 1742, and in 1746 
 created Viscount Trentham and Earl Gower. He died Dec. 25, 1754. 
 
 3 Mr. Pitt's speech upon this occasion was not reported ; neither 
 was that of Mr. Grenville, nor the reply by Mr. Bathurst. 
 
 4 James Grenville, younger brother to Richard and George Gren- 
 ville ; at this time in Parliament for Oakhampton. 
 
 3 Henry Bathurst, second son of Allen, Lord Bathurst. He was 
 now M.P. for Cirencester. Having joined the Leicester House party, 
 he was made Solicitor General to the Prince of Wales in 1745. After 
 the death of Frederick he went over to the Court party, and in 1754 
 
 c 2
 
 20 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742-3. 
 
 speech that over was made. It was melancholy, but 
 entertaining enough, to see them skulk in with their 
 tails betwixt their legs, like so many spaniels, to the tune 
 of above 40. Our friends are not yet come. Your bro- 
 ther Denton ', as a great independent country gentle- 
 man, thinks it beneath him to attend. We shall have 
 a glorious day 2 about the 16,000. We shall then see 
 also who are Hanoverians, and who Englishmen. 
 
 Adieu, my dear George ; be not in too great a hurry 
 to see us, but according as you find yourself, and the 
 different airs you pass through. Believe and be assured 
 we all love you most cordially. 
 
 CAPTAIN THOMAS GRENVILLE 3 TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Romney, off Cape St. Vincent, February 28, 1742-3. 
 
 Dear Brother, — I believe vou will not grudge the 
 
 trouble of reading this letter, since it is to tell you the 
 
 was made a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was advanced 
 to the dignity of Lord Chancellor, and to the Peerage by the title of 
 Baron Apsley, in 1771. By the death of his father in 1775 he suc- 
 ceeded to the earldom of Bathurst; and, having reached his 86th 
 year, he died in 1704. Lord Campbell, in his most amusing work, 
 the Lives of the Lord Chancellors of England, says that "perhaps 
 the most memorable act in the life of Lord Chancellor Bathurst is, 
 that he built Apsley House, now the residence of the illustrious Duke 
 of Wellington, where once stood the Hercules Pillars, the inn fre- 
 quented by Squire Western." 
 
 ' George Denton, Esq., of Hillesden, M.P. for the borough of 
 Buckingham. 
 
 The debate took place on the 10th of December, on the motion 
 
 of Sir William Yonge, to grant 265,190Z., for defraying the charge of 
 
 16,000 Hanoverian troops. Pitt and the Grenvilles denounced the 
 
 3tion, and moved that the troops should be dismissed. Pitt was 
 
 opj i on this occasion by his great Parliamentary rival Murray (now 
 
 become Solicitor General), in one of his best speeches. Sir William 
 v i onge'8 motion was carried by a majority of 251 to 181. 
 
 Thomas Grenville, the youngest of the Grenville brothers. He
 
 1742-3. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 21 
 
 good news of my having taken a very rich prize ' from 
 the West Indies, which I have carried to Gibraltar, and 
 am now out again in quest of another ; but as we may 
 meet with some difficulties in the condemning her, and 
 as she cannot be proceeded against (being a register ship) 
 in any other court but the High Court of Admiralty of 
 England, I will give you a very circumstantial account 
 of my taking her, and of my proceedings since, that you 
 may lay the case before some civilian, and have his opinion 
 upon it. I believe you know Dr. Lee, and I think he 
 is the properest man to apply to in this case. 
 
 On the 18th of February, in the morning, we dis- 
 covered a large ship, which we chased all day, but 
 having little wind we came up with her very slow ; how- 
 ever, I continued the chase all ni^ht, and in the morn- 
 ing we saw her again about eleven o'clock ; being pretty 
 near in with C. St. Maries, we both fell in among some 
 Portuguese fishing-boats, one of which I saw put aboard 
 of the chase, and he immediately stood right in for the 
 land, at which time, there being but little wind, several 
 Portuguese fishing-boats went ahead and towed him. 
 Upon seeing this, I called to the boats about me, desiring 
 them to tow me, and promising them rewards, which 
 they accordingly did. About one, being pretty near 
 within gun-shot of him, and he having French colours 
 out, and I my English, I fired some shot at him to bring 
 him to, but all to no purpose. About three he run 
 
 was a captain in the Royal Navy, and at this time was the represen- 
 tative in Parliament for the horough of Bridport. 
 
 1 Horace Walpole says, " I am not partial to the family, but it is 
 but justice to mention, that when he (Captain Grenville) took a great 
 prize some time ago, after a thousand actions of generosity to his 
 officers and crew, he cleared sixteen thousand pounds, of which he gave 
 his sister ten." — Walpole Correspondence, vol. ii. p. 189.
 
 22 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1742-3. 
 
 ashore upon a little island of sand, which lies off Faro 
 in Portugal, and within about half an hour I came to 
 an anchor, at about a cable's length and a half distant 
 from him. As I stood in near him he had struck his 
 colours, so that I immediately sent Mr. Bowdler, my first 
 lieutenant, with orders to fetch the captain of her aboard 
 to me with all his papers. 
 
 When he came he informed me that he was a French- 
 man from Vera Cruz in the Spanish West Indies, bound 
 to Cadiz ; that he was loaded with cochineal, indigo, 
 balsams, and chests of silver ; and that the reason of 
 his going ashore in hopes to escape us was, because the 
 patron of the first Portuguese fishing-boat that was 
 aboard him, had assured him that there was a war de- 
 clared between the English and French, and that the 
 ship in sight (meaning my ship) was an English man-of- 
 war, which sailed extremely well, and which he could 
 avoid by no other means. 
 
 Upon this information I immediately gave orders for 
 getting her off, which we effected in about an hour's 
 time, to my great joy, and on the 24th I arrived with 
 her at Gibraltar. 
 
 Now, the remarks I have to make upon this are these: 
 — in the first place it is to be observed, that upon the 
 island of sand where this ship run ashore there were no 
 forts, no guns, nay, not even any inhabitants; that his 
 running ashore upon it was occasioned by the false in- 
 formation of these Portuguese fishing-boats, who gave it 
 him in the view of having the chests of silver, &c, put 
 into their boats to carry ashore, and which they partly 
 succeeded in, since twenty-two chests of silver were saved 
 in their boats by a Spanish captain or supercargo, who 
 had the charge of all the cargo, and some other Spa-
 
 1742-3. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 23 
 
 niards. And, moreover, that if the King of Portugal 
 should ever reclaim this ship, under pretence of breach 
 of neutrality (which, however, is never understood to be 
 such where there are no forts nor guns), he may very 
 justly be answered, that in the beginning of the war a 
 very rich English ship, whose name I have forgot, but 
 one White was master of her, was taken off the same 
 island by a Spanish privateer, and though often reclaimed 
 by the King of Portugal, the claim was never admitted 
 by the King of Spain, and the ship never restored, which 
 is a certain fact. The King of Portugal may also be 
 told, that we ought rather to complain of the breach of 
 neutrality of the side of him and his subjects, seeing the 
 Portuguese fishing-boats not only gave him, the French- 
 man, a false information to our prejudice, but also as- 
 sisted him in towing his ship ashore, and saved part of 
 his cargo for him besides. 
 
 Thus much for the taking her ; now for my proceed- 
 ings since. Upon my arrival at Gibraltar, I found that 
 a clause in the Act of Parliament for giving prizes to 
 the captors, prevents the Deputy Judge of the Admiralty 
 there from taking any cognizance of this prize, since she 
 comes from Vera Cruz, whence the Flota ships come, 
 and her cargo is registered. I have, therefore, caused 
 the depositions of the chief officers, &c, of the prize, to 
 be taken before the Deputy Judge of the Admiralty 
 there (which are very full, and quite sufficient to con- 
 demn her), and they will be brought home by Mr. 
 Samuel Savage, my purser, whom I have likewise chosen 
 my agent, jointly with one Mr. Wombwell, a merchant 
 at Gibraltar. Now, if these depositions are found suffi- 
 cient to condemn her, well and good ; but for fear they 
 should not, 1 have wrote to Mr. Matthews to desire 
 discretionary orders to proceed home with the prize
 
 - I (i RENVILLE PAPERS. 1744. 
 
 myself, in case her coming home should be insisted 
 upon in the High Court of Admiralty of Great Britain. 
 Now the two points I want to be resolved by civi- 
 lians arc these : whether they think the manner of taking 
 her any sort of breach of the neutrality of the King of 
 Portugal, and whether they think the High Court of 
 Admiralty will insist upon the ship's being brought to 
 England ; and for God's sake, if it is possible, let 
 me have their answer while I am at Lisbon, where I 
 shall be from about the 8th of March till about the 
 23rd. Mr. Ezekiel Hall, merchant in London, is 
 WombwelFs partner at Gibraltar, so that if you will 
 let him know that Wombwell is my agent, he may be 
 useful to you. The value of the ship's cargo is com- 
 puted at about 120,000/. or 130,000/. sterling, of which, 
 if we condemn her, I shall share about 30,000/. or 
 40,000/. Make all our family and friends partakers of 
 the pleasure this news will give you, for I write this 
 while an English ship is lying to, waiting for it, and I 
 have time to write to nobody else. 
 
 Thomas Grenville. 
 
 Note, that in all the sworn depositions it is affirmed 
 that the Portuguese patron of the fishing-boat assured 
 them that there was war between the English and 
 French, and that that was the reason of their running 
 ashore. 
 
 MR, GEORGE GRENVILLE TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Stowe, June 10, 1744. 
 
 Hetty 1 showed me your letter, which she received 
 
 last post, and that determined me to be beforehand with 
 
 Hester Grenville, afterwards married to William Pitt, Earl of 
 ttham.
 
 1744. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 25 
 
 you, and to thank you par avance for the letter you pro- 
 mise me. We received intelligence from Mrs. Catherine 
 that the Paul tons 1 party are to follow us to Amesbury 2 , 
 but at the same time she told me I despaired of seeing 
 you there, even if I had broken my faith with my Lord 
 Cobham for another day or two. 
 
 This consideration made us turn a deaf ear to the 
 voice of the charmer, though indeed she charmed very 
 wisely. At our arrival here we found my Lord and 
 Lady 3 and Madlle. Harriett 4 engaged in the pleasures of 
 three-handed cribbage, and were vain enough to flatter 
 ourselves that we were extremely welcome, though we 
 broke in upon the solitude of the place, and turned 
 those agreeable tete-a-tetes which must happen amongst 
 three people only, into parties quarrees. Hetty got here 
 
 1 Paultons, in the New Forest, the residence at this time of James 
 Grenville. It subsequently belonged to Mr. Hans Stanley. 
 
 - The seat of the Duke and Duchess of Queensberry. 
 
 8 Anne Halsey, Lady Cobham : she survived her husband and died 
 in 1760. 
 
 * Miss Harriett Speed, sister of Colonel Speed ; a very intimate 
 friend and relation of Lord and Lady Cobham. After Lord Cobham 's 
 death, Miss Speed still continued to reside with Lady Cobham, who 
 retired to a property belonging to her father, the old Manor House at 
 Stoke Pogis, formerly the residence of Sir Christopher Hatton and Sir 
 Edward Cuke, and the well-known locality of Gray's Poem called The 
 Long Story, which originated in circumstances attendant upon a visit 
 paid by Miss Speed, accompanied by Lady Schaub (widow of Sir Luke 
 Schaub), to the residence of the Poet in the village of Stoke, in order, 
 by Lady Cobham 's request, to invite Gray to the Manor House, as the 
 ladies were desirous of being acquainted with him. The absence of 
 Gray, upon the occasion of this visit gave rise to the humorous inci- 
 dents described in the poem. In a letter to Wharton in 1761, Gray 
 mentions — " My old friend Miss Spied has done what the world calls 
 a very foolish thing: she has married the Baron de la Perriere, son 
 to the Sardinian Minister, the Count de Viry. He is about twenty- 
 eight years old (ten years younger than herself), but looks nearer 
 forty."'
 
 26 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1744. 
 
 about a week after us, and the day before yesterday we 
 were surprised with the laughing and laughter-promoting 
 Jemmy ' ; and now the scene begins to thicken here, 
 since the Lord of Ashendon and his fair lady come to- 
 morrow, and Lady Blandford 2 and Miss Wyndham 3 
 have agreed to lay aside their hoops next Tuesday 
 morning, and by the assistance of post-chaises intend to 
 be at Stowe before the evening. For my own part, I 
 have been engaged ever since I came here in endeavour- 
 ing to carry our new Turnpike Act into execution, but 
 have met with almost as many difficulties, and as much 
 opposition to the mending of our ways in the country, 
 as to the reforming our manners in town ; however, I 
 don't think the one quite so desperate as the other, but 
 hope that with the assistance of a dry summer it may 
 succeed : whereas our political affairs seem as if they 
 would not be much bettered by this summer's cam- 
 paign. Menin, you know, is taken, and Ypres is sup- 
 posed to be so by this time. Ostend, Aeth, Mons, and 
 Tournay come next, which, I suppose, will be glory 
 enough for the British arms for this year. 'Tis said that 
 the Dutch and English have solicited Prince Charles of 
 Lorraine to command our army in Flanders, but that 
 he declines it because he is already at the head of an 
 army of twice the number, consisting of troops more 
 aguerried and somewhat more obedient to him than per- 
 
 1 James Grenville. 
 
 | A Dutch lady named D'Jong. She was now the widow of Sir 
 William Wyndham, having been his second wife, and by whom he 
 left no issue. The first husband of this lady was William, Marquess 
 of Blandford. 
 
 Miss Wyndham, daughter of Sir William Wyndham, by his first 
 wife, Lady Katherine Seymour, daughter of Charles, Duke of Somerset. 
 She was afterwards married to Mr. George Grenville.
 
 1744. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 27 
 
 haps he may expect to find the English, Dutch, and 
 Hanoverians. 'T is still a most problematical question 
 whether the King will go, or no, and every letter brings 
 different accounts. 
 
 Pope 1 is dead at last, or at least all that is mortal 
 of him. He has left 200/. to Gilly West 2 after the 
 death of Mrs. Blount 3 , to whom he has given 2000/. for 
 her life, and then it goes to her sister. His papers he 
 has left to be published at the discretion of Lord Boling- 
 broke ; and, when published, they are to be the property 
 of Mr. Warburton 4 , to whom, and Mr. Spence 5 , of Ox- 
 ford, he has given his library. 
 
 I am very glad to hear that you are likely to lose 
 Jemmy Berenger, as the change is likely to be so much 
 to his advantage. I heartily wish it may, because I 
 believe he very well deserves it should. I am desired 
 to inquire after another cousin of ours, which is Captain 
 West 6 . A sister of his, who is married to Mr. Dayrell, 
 
 1 Pope died on the 30th of May, 1744. Speaking of Pope's will, 
 Lady Mary Wortley Montague says, " On the whole it appears to me 
 more reasonable, and less vain, than I expected from him." 
 
 2 Gilbert West, see ante, page 15, note. 
 
 3 Mrs. Martha Blount, the well-known friend of Pope ; described 
 in the will as the youngest daughter of Mrs. Martha Blount, of Wel- 
 beck Street, Cavendish Square. 
 
 4 Afterwards Bishop of Gloucester. 
 
 5 The Piev. Joseph Spence became known to Pope from being the 
 author of an Essay on Popes Odyssey, dc, in 1727, " with the 
 criticism in which," says Dr. Johnson, " Pope was so little offended, 
 that he sought the acquaintance of the writer, who lived with him 
 from that time in great familiarity, attended him in his last hours, and 
 compiled memorials of his conversations. The regard of Pope recom- 
 mended him to the great and powerful, and he obtained very valuable 
 preferments in the church." Spence was accidentally drowned in his 
 garden at Byfleet, in Surrey, in 1768. 
 
 G A son of Dr. West, by Maria, eldest sister of Lord Cobham ; he was 
 afterwards an Admiral, and was with Byng at Minorca.
 
 28 <; RENVILLE PAPERS. 1744. 
 
 of this neighbourhood, complains that they have not 
 heard of him a great while, and that Mrs. West neglects 
 to send them the accounts she receives. Whenever, 
 therefore, you write to Hetty, you will do a kind thing in 
 telling her what you hear of him. 
 
 I find that the taking of the Northumberland 1 is 
 thought a great loss by everybody, but we are quite 
 ignorant of the particulars of the capture, the circum- 
 stances of which are very differently related. I see by 
 your letter to Hetty that you are ready to sail. I don't 
 know how to wish you to continue in the disagreeable 
 place where you now are, but I hope when you do sail 
 that it will not be very far, and consequently that we 
 may meet before winter, and pass it together. At all 
 events, let me know what is to become of you as soon as 
 you can, and love me always as well as I do, which is the 
 best wish J can make for my own honour and happiness. 
 Adieu, my dear Tom. 
 
 I shall leave this place in a week at furthest, and 
 therefore beg that you will direct your letters for me at 
 my mother's, in Clifford Street, where I will give you 
 notice of all my motions. Hetty does not write to you 
 by this post because I told her I would. Everybody here 
 talks of you, and loves you, and she not the least. 
 
 1 On the 4th of June, the Northumberland, a new ship of 70 guns 
 and Ihi men, commanded by Captain Watson, cruising in the Channel, 
 fell in with three French men-of-war. The Northumberland sustained 
 a very unequal conflict for three hours with amazing activity and reso- 
 lution, lill unfortunately Captain Watson was mortally wounded : she 
 then struck her colours by order of the master, who was therefore after- 
 ward, sentenced by a court martial to spend the remainder of his life 
 in the Marshalsea prison. The French carried the Northumberland in 
 greal triumph into Brest, where Captain Watson died. — Campbell's 
 lAvt i qf the Admirals, 18P2, vol. iv. p. 487.
 
 1744. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 29 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Stowe, October 22, 1744. 
 
 Dear Tommy, — Though we had but little hopes of 
 poor Jemmy Berenger's ! safety, from what we read in 
 the newspapers, yet the certainty of his ill fortune, which 
 we received last night by the account sent by you to 
 Harry 2 , could not help affecting us all extremely. Poor 
 lad ! His ill genius continued constant, and persecuted 
 him to the last. He has never left your ship but to his 
 ruin. 
 
 The first time he missed an opportunity, in some 
 degree, of making his fortune, and the last, of saving 
 his life. May this victim (and indeed it is a great one, 
 considering the habitudes we had with him, and how 
 well he deserved) atone at least for your safety. A blow 
 so near one cannot but make one tremble for what is 
 nearer ; and yet methinks this sort of accident is not 
 usual ; and when I talk this language my love and low 
 spirits speak rather than my judgment. My mother, I 
 hear, bears this loss very indifferently. This was an 
 ao-o-ravation that I w T as much afraid of, and for that 
 reason Hetty and I agreed, before we received your ac- 
 count, that it would be very proper for her to go up to 
 London, and be with her. Accordingly, she set out 
 the day before yesterday, and is with her before now ; 
 so that she has just missed your letter to her, which 
 came last night, together witli that from Harry, and 
 which 1 imagine contains the same unfortunate story : 
 
 1 He was on board the Victory, of 110 guns, Admiral Sir John 
 Balchen's ship, which, with 000 men, was lost off the island of Alderney. 
 
 2 Henry Grenville, fourth son of Richard Grenville, Esq., of Wot ton, 
 by Hester Temple.
 
 30 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1744. 
 
 be that as it will, I have taken care of it, and will send 
 it to her by to-morrow's post. I expect to hear from 
 her the day after to-morrow : if my mother is very bad, 
 I will go up to town directly ; if not, I shall stay here 
 ten days longer, and make a visit to Mr. Waller 1 , and to 
 Marble Hill, in my way to London, where I shall be 
 about the 7th or 8th of next month. This was my pur- 
 pose upon a supposition that you would pass this winter 
 in London, and that you would not be able to get there 
 before that time ; but I see by your letter to Harry that 
 there is a talk of your going to the Mediterranean. I 
 hope 't is without foundation, and need not say how great 
 a disappointment it would be to me ; since, though I 
 could not comply with the letter of your last kind re- 
 quest to me, the reasons of which I will tell you more 
 fully when I see you, yet I reckoned with the greatest 
 joy upon fulfilling the spirit of it. If this report of 
 sending a new fleet into the Mediterranean should be 
 true, and that your ship is to be one of it, I imagine 
 you will at least be permitted to go to town for some 
 little time to settle your prize affairs ; in which case I 
 beg you will send me word immediately when it will be, 
 and I will certainly meet you there, and put off my visits 
 to another time. Everything wears a melancholy face. 
 The miserable situation of the public you see in every 
 newspaper, and it seems to me very difficult to tell ex- 
 actly the means of redressing it ; and even those which 
 are the likeliest methods, we are not the masters to 
 make use of: however, we shall try by this winter whe- 
 ther the experience of the past may not add some weight 
 to the reasons so often urged, and whether the public 
 calamity, in which all are involved alike, may not in- 
 1 At Hall Barn, near Beaconsfield.
 
 1744. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 31 
 
 duce some little consideration in those whom interest 
 alone can persuade. As to our private vexations, you 
 are fully apprized of them, so that I can say nothing 
 new to you on that head, but must wait for the event to 
 decide upon them. News, you may imagine, whilst I 
 am here, I know but little of, but what I do I will tell 
 you. There is yet no account of Coni 1 being taken, not- 
 withstanding that the King of Sardinia, 't is agreed, was 
 repulsed in his attempt to raise the siege: so that the 
 fate of Italy, which seems in some measure to depend 
 upon the success of that siege, is still uncertain. A 
 battle is every day expected in Bohemia, which, if the 
 Queen of Hungary loses, will put an end to her hopes 
 in Germany, as the taking of Coni will to the King of 
 Sardinia in Italy, though the success on either or both 
 of these places will not be decisive in their favour. We 
 have received an account from our armies in Flanders, 
 that a great fracas has lately happened between the Eng- 
 lish and Hanovers, who till that time had agreed very 
 well ; the dissensions having prevailed chiefly between 
 the English and the Dutch, each nation accusing the 
 other as the author of the dishonour of this campaign. 
 This, with the contempt which the French have ex- 
 pressed for us, makes the scene complete in Flanders. I 
 am told that Mr. Rowley's fleet is in great distress ; this, 
 perhaps, may be the reason of the talk of reinforcing 
 him. As to domestic news, you will have seen in the 
 newspapers that the Duchess of Marlborough and Lady 
 
 Granville 2 are both dead the same dav. The latter has 
 
 j 
 
 1 Siege of Coni. See Gentleman's Magazine, 1744, p. 567. 
 
 2 "Yesterday morning," writes Horace Walpole on the 19th of Octo. 
 her, 1744, " carried off those two old heldams, Sarah of Marlborough, 
 and the Countess Granville." Lady Grace Granville, youngest daughter 
 of John Granville, Earl of Bath, and wife of George, first Lord Car-
 
 32 G RENVILLE PAPERS. 1744. 
 
 left a great estate to her son Lord Carteret ; the will 
 of the former is not yet opened, the executors not being- 
 all in town. The contents of it excite the curiosity of 
 all the world, particularly of the inhabitants of this place, 
 because she had declared in her lifetime that she had 
 left a provision for Mr. Pitt 1 . He is still at Bath, and 
 (as Jemmy, who called upon him there in his way from 
 Butleigh, says) in a very bad way, having never been 
 able to get rid of the gout in his bowels ever since it 
 first seized him before you left London, in the spring. 
 The Bath waters have done him no good. This is a 
 grievous misfortune to him, since, if it does not affect 
 his life, it may perhaps disable him, and make a cripple 
 of him for ever ; though, for my own part, I cannot 
 help thinking that his youth and ease are most likely to 
 get the better of it in a great degree. I wish this good 
 news may contribute to it. Mr. Waller 2 has had as 
 great a misfortune, by a humour falling upon his ears, 
 which, added to his former complaint, has made him so 
 entirely deaf, that he has by times been utterly unable 
 to converse with his family except in writing. 
 
 I suppose you know Dr. Ayscough's 3 good fortune in 
 being appointed preceptor to Prince George, with a 
 salary of 500/. a year. This, with his other circum- 
 
 teret, after whose death she was herself created Viscountess Carteret 
 and Countess Granville: she was succeeded by her only surviving son, 
 John Lord Carteret, who became Earl Granville. 
 
 1 She bequeathed to Pitt a legacy of 10.000L 
 
 : Edmund Waller, M.P. for Wycombe, at this time a leading mem- 
 ber of the opposition. He was appointed Cofferer of the Household, 
 in December following. 
 
 1 Dr. Ayscough married, in November, 1745, Anne, sister of Mr. 
 
 iorge Lyttelton, to whom he had been tutor. He had been also 
 k of the Closet to Frederick Prince of Wales, and was subsequently 
 Dean of Bristol.
 
 1744-5. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 33 
 
 stances put together, will make matrimony sit easy upon 
 him. Everybody here is well. George Grenville. 
 
 MR. RICHARD GRENVILLE TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 January 8, 1744-5. 
 
 Your will, like that of most arbitrary princes, is not 
 much to your subjects' palates, but must be obeyed, 
 and your will only, upon this subject, would be obeyed. 
 
 I intend to set out the day before the Marlow Elec- 
 tion, and shall be in town the same night. As to the 
 call, I take it for granted it is next to impossible it should 
 take place ; but I think it is quite impossible I should 
 be taken into custody, if the House should be called 
 over, when you stand up and in a moving manner ac- 
 quaint the House that I have for ten years together been 
 a most exact attender, that I have had a great deal of 
 private business to settle, and that you will pawn your 
 word to the House that I shall certainly be in town on 
 the 16th. 
 
 Let me know as soon as you can, or at least before I 
 come up, whether you think things are, or are like to be, 
 in such a situation as to prevent my return here, that I 
 may resolve upon taking up or leaving my family behind. 
 Sir Edward is very happy with Lord Cobham's answer, 
 and is much devoted to us in particular, I believe, not- 
 withstanding his eagerness the other day. It is a plea- 
 sure to us here to read what is going forward in town by 
 way of news, though, for one, I protest I feel myself no 
 more concerned in it, than when I read of the exploits 
 of our very good friend and neighbour Kouli Kan. 
 
 Give yourself no trouble about the parish officers, only 
 VOL. i. d
 
 94 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1744-5. 
 
 take care of the naval ones, and provide a most excel- 
 lent station for poor Tom ', that if the public be not 
 benefited by your administration, your family at least 
 may, which is so far at least doing good, and is about as 
 much as is expected from any placeman's hands. We 
 have danced four nights together successfully, as Lord 
 
 B 2 would say, and to-night I shall have my swill, 
 
 being engaged with the most potently vigorous dancer of 
 these parts, Mrs. P — tt 3 . Tell Lord Barrington 4 since 
 he won't come down to us, we must go up to him, and 
 since he will not be a Lord of Trade, he may, I dare 
 say, soon be a lord of whatever he pleases. Poor Hills- 
 borough 5 I have a fellow-feeling for. I have sent to 
 Buckingham for fear you should not have writ, as I de- 
 sired you w r ould. Adieu, dear George, and don't kill 
 
 1 Captain Thomas Grenville. 
 
 2 Probably Charles, the sixth Lord Baltimore, at this time M.P. 
 for Surrey, and a Lord of the Admiralty. He died in 1751. Horace 
 Walpole ascribes to him a similar Malaprop mode of expression : 
 " It will be a new aera, or, as my Lord Baltimore calls it, a new 
 area in English History," &c. ; and upon another occasion he mentions 
 him as " the best and honestest man in the world, with a good deal of 
 jumbled knowledge." — Walpole Correspondence, vol. ii. pp. 174 and 808. 
 
 3 Probably Mrs. Anne Pitt, see ante, p. 1, note. 
 
 ' William Wildman, second Viscount Barrington, son of John, the 
 first Lord, by Anne, daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Daines 
 of Bristol. He was at this time Member for Berwick. He filled 
 many offices of the State, having been at different times a Lord of 
 the Admiralty, Master of the Great Wardrobe, Secretary at War, Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer, and Treasurer of the Navy. He died in 
 1793. 
 
 ' AVills Hill, Viscount Hillsborough, M.P. for the borough of War- 
 wick. In 1751 he was advanced to the Earldom of Hillsborough in 
 Inland, and subsequently made Baron Harwich, and Earl of Hills- 
 borough in the Peerage of Great Britain ; and Marquess of Down- 
 shire in that of Ireland. In ] 763 he was appointed a Commissioner 
 of Trade and Plantations ; Joint Postmaster-General in December, 
 1760; and Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1768. He died in 
 1793.
 
 1745. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 35 
 
 yourself with attendance. How does Pitt do ? Let him 
 know I enquired of you after him, for I am not yet 
 resolved to forget entirely all my old friends. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty Office, May 13, 1745. 
 
 I received your letter, my dear Captain, and though 
 I am sorry that I cannot at all times congratulate you 
 on the accomplishment of whatever you wish, yet give 
 me leave to tell you that, as rich as you are, you want 
 monev more than vou do honour; and therefore I wish 
 you joy most sincerely of your 3000/., and hope your 
 next cruize will bring you a great addition to both the 
 one and the other. How the d 1 came the swift- 
 sailing Falkland to miss of her ship, and the Augusta 
 to come up with hers so soon ? 1 am afraid their 
 beauty and perfections are a little journalier. I showed 
 that part of your letter which related to the cleaning 
 at Kinsale to the Board, and we immediately wrote to 
 the Navy Board to take all possible care to put every- 
 thing at that yard into order immediately for the cleaning 
 of ships. 
 
 The orders to Captain Hamilton are to clean all ships 
 of his squadron at Kinsale ; but if, after this notice has 
 been given to the Navy Board, you still find the same 
 difficulties in cleaning there, write to the Board, and we 
 will endeavour to have you clean at Plymouth, though 
 the former is what we should wish if it is feasible. 
 There are no thoughts, I believe, of changing your 
 station, or putting you under any other command than 
 that of Captain Hamilton, unless you desire it, which 
 
 d L 2
 
 30 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745. 
 
 bv all I can find is very far from your intentions, so 
 that you are likely to stay where you are a good while. 
 The House of Commons has, as you will hear, made 
 a strict and severe inquiry into the engagement near 
 Toulon, and has ordered Admiral Matthews, Admiral 
 Lestock, and six captains, Burrish, Norris, Ambrose, 
 Williams, Frogmore, and Dilke, and the lieutenants of 
 the Dorsetshire, to be tried at Court Martial for their 
 behaviour \ Captain Norris was half tried in the Medi- 
 terranean, pursuant to an order of the last Admiralty, 
 and the minutes of the trial were transmitted to us 
 during the time of the House of Commons' inquiry ; 
 by which it appeared that, after having tried him for 
 eight days, when the facts came out very strong, the 
 Court Martial declared that, he being out of the King's 
 service, they could not try him. This w T as thought ex- 
 traordinary, as they had examined all the witnesses 
 Captain Norris could produce ; and the minutes being 
 laid before the House, the whole proceeding was so very 
 bad that the House unanimously voted them to be arbi- 
 trary, partial, and illegal ; in consequence of which Mr. 
 Rowley must be recalled ; so that in this session the 
 three admirals and half the Mediterranean fleet have 
 been censured in some measure. There was a division 
 to excuse Mr. Matthews from being ordered to be tried; 
 but it was carried that he should be tried, by a majority 
 of 258 against 73. Mr. Pelham 2 was of the minority, 
 
 The result of the court martial was, that Admiral Matthews was 
 declared incapable of again serving in the navy ; Lestock was ac- 
 quitted ; and some of the captains were visited with different degrees 
 of disgrace. — Coxes Pelham Administration, vol. i. p. 222. Pari. Hist. 
 vol. xiii. pp. 1201-17. 
 
 The Right Honourable Henry Pelham, first Commissioner of the 
 Treasury. He came into Parliament for the borough of Seaford in
 
 1745. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 37 
 
 and your humble servant of the majority, which has not 
 usually been the case with either of us; and I am afraid 
 the zeal we have shown to bring delinquents to justice, 
 and to endeavour by that means to restore the discipline 
 and spirit of the Navy, has not made us very popular 
 with part of the fleet ; but if that is so, tant pis for them, 
 and so much the more necessary is an inquiry if the 
 Board of Admiralty is scarce strong enough to dare to 
 undertake it ; for my part I will, as long as I have a 
 seat here, which I think it is now settled I am to have 
 till the next sessions ; if not, I shall at least leave it 
 with more pleasure than I took it. 
 
 Since I began this letter many material things have 
 happened. We have been beat in Flanders, and Tour- 
 nay will certainly be taken. I send you enclosed the 
 account of this unfortunate action \ as given in the Ga- 
 zette, to which I refer you for all the particulars of that 
 fatal day ; only I will add, that it is universally agreed 
 that the Duke behaved with the greatest spirit and in- 
 trepidity ; so, in general, did all our troops. The Dutch 
 horse behaved scandalously ; their foot but indiffer. 
 ently ; the Hanovers very well. 
 
 The loss of the battle is imputed to the ill-behaviour 
 of the Dutch in the left wing, who did not venture to 
 attack the foot they were ordered to on that side, and to 
 Brigadier General Ingoldsby, who several times refused 
 to attack that on the right hand, though commanded 
 several times by the Duke and Marshal Konigsegg, and 
 by a Hanover major-general, who attacked it in his sight 
 
 1718, and afterwards represented the county of Sussex until his death 
 in 1754. He had been Paymaster of the Forces, and Secretary at War, 
 before his appointment to the Treasury in 1743. 
 
 1 The battle of Fontenoy, in which William, Duke of Cumberland, 
 suffered a defeat.
 
 38 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745. 
 
 with two Hanover battalions, which were cut to pieces, 
 whilst, Ingoldsby looked on with four choice English bat- 
 talions ; for which neglect, or, not to mince the word, 
 poltronnerie, he is to be tried as soon as he recovers his 
 wounds. Many of the Dutch are likewise ordered to be 
 tried for their behaviour that day. The Dutch have 
 sent reinforcements, and so have we, by drafts from the 
 English Guards here, and by three entire regiments 
 from hence. The Government have likewise ordered 
 1500 men to be drafted from Ireland in about three 
 weeks, and have insisted on our getting a convoy for 
 them. This obliges us to change your situation, and 
 that of Mr. Keppel, for a little while ; and as you are 
 foul vou will cruize at Portsmouth, and then return to 
 your former station. I little thought of your turning a 
 convoy ; but as the embarkation is to be from Cork, and 
 in such a hurry, we can find no other ships to perform 
 that service ; besides which, upon the whole, I cannot 
 say I am very sorry, as you will be cleaned sooner and 
 better at Portsmouth than at Kinsale, and 't is only one 
 trip to Ostehd ; besides, I am interested in it, for per- 
 haps I may some way or other have a chance of seeing 
 you, and settling many things which it is impossible to 
 write about. I want to tell you what our situation is ; 
 to know what you wish yours should be. 
 
 There are no news here ; but people hang their heads 
 about this battle. Many stories are told with regard to 
 it. We have not heard one word with regard to Mr. 
 Martyn or the French fleet since the account you gave 
 us of the latter, which you are much commended for 
 giving. 
 
 We heard from Mr. Martyn a day or two before, who 
 had received an account of them from a victualler ship,
 
 1745. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 39 
 
 which they took and sent back to France; and upon this 
 intelligence he sent us word that he had called a Council 
 of War, and resolved to follow them, but does not say 
 how far. Since which time we have heard nothing from 
 them ; and thence we conclude that he is not in the 
 Soundings, because we imagine some ship or other by 
 this time must have seen or spoke with him. We have 
 had many reports from Ireland of their having taken and 
 destroyed the whole French fleet ; but none more au- 
 thentic than a hearsay from a Portuguese ship, said to 
 have put into Cork, which this moment appears to be 
 only hearsay ; for we have heard by an express from Mr. 
 Martyn this moment, that he put into P. Egmont Sound 
 with all his squadron without success, not having been 
 able to get up with the French squadron, who were up- 
 wards of 80 leagues ahead of him, in the way to Cape 
 Breton. God send us good news somewhere or other, 
 or else send us a peace. Adieu, my dear Tommy, let 
 me hear of you often, which, next to seeing you, is the 
 greatest pleasure you can give me. We are all well. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Grenville have been gone to Wotton this 
 week, together with Hetty. G. G. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO MR. RICHARD GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty Office, Oct. 3, J 745. 
 
 Dear Brother, — I came here last night from Stowe, 
 and intend this afternoon or to-morrow morning to go 
 and look after our lawyers. 
 
 Nothing new from the North since your last accounts, 
 but the city is giving great marks of their zeal and 
 loyalty, having offered any sum of money that the King
 
 40 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745. 
 
 wants towards suppressing this rising. The run upon 
 the Bank 1 still continues, though in a less degree. 
 Orders are given to bring over the 6000 Hessians 
 hither. Last night we had an account, which may be 
 depended upon, that the King of Prussia has broken his 
 armistice, if it is true he ever entered into one, and has 
 fallen upon Prince Charles, whom he has beat all to 
 pieces a second time. They talk of above 4000 Aus- 
 trians killed upon the spot 2 . Our sea news still con- 
 tinues good, and our continent news bad. The French 
 have raised the siege of Aeth, and it is said, upon this 
 diminution of our forces in Flanders, they are marching 
 directly to attack the remainder of our army there. 
 
 We have an account from New England, that two 
 more French East India ships, and the third South Sea 
 ship, which was reckoned as rich as either of the other 
 two, have put into Cape Breton, and are all three in our 
 possession. 
 
 The Tigress Privateer has taken a ship bound from 
 Brest to Calais, and so to the South Sea, which is valued 
 at above 150,000/. 
 
 I found those I went to in so d d a humour that 
 
 it w as impossible for me to execute your commands as to 
 examining the papers. Nobody met me at our turnpike 
 meeting except our Buckingham Trustees, so that I 
 tli ought it not prudent to overturn the act of a full 
 meeting in so thin a one. Adieu. 
 
 George Grenville. 
 
 1 An immediate rush was made upon the Bauk of England, which, it 
 is said, only escaped bankruptcy by paying in sixpences to gain time. 
 — Lord Mahon's History of the 'Forty-Jive, p. 89. 
 
 The battle of Soor, in Bohemia, in which the Austrians were 
 defeated by the King of Prussia. The conquerors lost 2600 killed 
 and wounded, and among the former Prince Albert of Brunswick.
 
 L74S. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 41 
 
 I opened my letter again to tell you a piece of news 
 which I have just heard, and which rejoices me most 
 exceedingly. John Stuart, whom we all know, is not 
 killed or wounded, but is a prisoner safe and sound in 
 Edinburgh, but another Captain John Stuart is killed, 
 which occasioned the mistake. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO MR. RICHARD GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty Office, Oct. 5, 1745. 
 
 Dear Brother, — Nothing very extraordinary has 
 happened in the political world since my last letter. 
 The Queen of Hungary ordered her troops to attack the 
 Prussians, so that she has brought this defeat upon 
 herself. 
 
 The last accounts from the North x say that the High- 
 landers have begun plundering part of the country be- 
 tween Edinburgh and Berwick, particularly a house of 
 Lord Somerville's. This manner of proceeding may be 
 an unfortunate one with respect to those upon whom it 
 falls, but cannot be more so to them than to the party 
 that suffers it, whose hopes I think it must entirely de- 
 stroy if carried to any length. 
 
 It is now said again that the Castle of Edinburgh is 
 in great want of provisions ; that the Governor of the 
 Castle ordered the inhabitants of the city to supply him, 
 and threatened, in case of refusal, to burn the town, and 
 beat it down about their ears. 
 
 They obeyed for two or three days, but then the 
 Highlanders threatened them with the same fate, and 
 
 1 See a very interesting account of the state of Scotland at this 
 period in Lord Mahon's History of the 'Forty-Jive, pp. 60-62.
 
 42 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745. 
 
 with military execution, if they continued it any longer, 
 upon which they desisted immediately, and the magis- 
 trates have applied to the King, stating their miserable 
 situation, and beseeching him to give orders to the Go- 
 vernor not to execute his threats. The answer to the 
 application I don't know, but I imagine 't is a favourable 
 one. Two letters have been found, the one in Dorset- 
 shire wrapped up in a handkerchief, the other near 
 Canterbury in the inside of a large mohair button, both 
 of them talking of a designed landing in the West, and 
 of assistance to that landing by some Roman Catholic 
 gentlemen; but both of them being found at the same 
 time makes people suspect their authenticity, and think 
 it not likely that two such letters should be lost by acci- 
 dent. We have no accounts of any preparations for an 
 embarkation in any of the ports of France, which I own 
 surprises me a good deal ; but the Ferrol fleet is not yet 
 sailed, which, perhaps, may be destined this way, though 
 'tis said that they are designed for the Havannah; but 
 I think it extraordinary if our mortal enemies should 
 make no use of the present opportunity of distressing 
 us ; if they do not, it looks to me as if they were dis- 
 tressed themselves. 
 
 • ••*••• 
 
 George Grenville. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty Office, Oct. 10, 1745. 
 My Dear Tom, — I would not have let so much time 
 pass without giving you some account of this part of the 
 world, if I had thought it possible that my letters could
 
 1745. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 43 
 
 reach you ; but you have been so quick in your motions 
 of late, that all attempts of that sort would be fruitless, 
 and I am obliged even now to catch you flying, for you 
 will receive orders with this to proceed with what other 
 ships can put to sea from Corunna, and we are afraid 
 some other attempt may be made upon the fourteen rich 
 East India ships who are now in the defenceless bay of 
 Galway on the back of Ireland. Two ships are already 
 gone to convoy them home, and two more are to be sent 
 by Admiral Martyn. What a deplorable condition have 
 we been in since my last letter to you ! but I hope to 
 God we are now in a way to get out of it. I will not 
 repeat to you all the particulars of this unfortunate 
 transaction, which you will have seen in the printed 
 papers almost as fully as I can give them to you. Many 
 mutual complaints and accusations are generally the 
 consequences of all public misfortunes, and so they are 
 of this, but where the blame really is, I will not pre- 
 tend to decide. Sir John Cope, who is so much con- 
 cerned in it, is recalled from Berwick in order to have 
 his conduct examined by a Court Martial. The French 
 are gone, or going, into winter quarters, after having 
 taken and razed Aeth. Our troops are at last all or- 
 dered home to defend England. Marshal Wade is set 
 out for Doncaster to form his army, which is to consist 
 of three battalions of those who came lately from 
 Flanders, two Irish regiments landed the other day at 
 Chester, six Dutch battalions, and one other Dutch 
 battalion at Berwick, besides about 500 of the remains 
 of Sir John Cope's army, and eight battalions of our 
 own troops ordered from Williamstadt to Newcastle 
 directly, with three regiments of horse, and two of dra- 
 goons, so that he will have a body of 15,000 or 16,000
 
 44 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745. 
 
 men, which, I hope, will be sufficient to put an end to 
 this affair. We have just heard that the Castle of Edin- 
 burgh 1 has fired, and killed 40 or 50 of the Highlanders, 
 and made a sally, and introduced a large quantity of 
 provisions in the Castle, and that the rebels have there- 
 upon taken the resolution of marching southward. 
 These are all our politics at present, for no other will 
 bear the talking of whilst we are in this distress. Lord 
 Cobb am came to town this very day. The Lord of 
 Wotton comes next Monday, and with him Mademoi- 
 selle Hetty. Everybody that you are concerned for are 
 well. I wish that Mr. Martyn's fleet were ordered far- 
 ther from the coast to the southward, for I own I am 
 very much afraid for them this season. Adieu, my dear 
 Tom, I have a thousand things to say to you, but have 
 not time, for the express stays for my letter. Love me 
 as I love you, and I desire no better, except that you 
 should come home safe and sound, and rich, but above 
 all safe, as for sound and rich, that as fortune shall 
 order. George Grenville. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty, October 15, 1745. 
 My Dear Tom, — I was very sorry to hear of the 
 bad condition in which your Commodore and the great- 
 est part of Mr. Martyn's fleet returned to Plymouth, 
 not only from the mischief already done, but from the 
 apprehensions I am under of what may happen to them 
 upon these winter cruizes in so dangerous a station as 
 just off the Lizard, which I do assure you has given 
 1 See Lord Mahon's History of the 'Forty-Jive, p. 62.
 
 1745. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 45 
 
 me many an uneasy hour, and would have done so even 
 if you had not been amongst them : judge then, my dear 
 Tom, what my anxiety would be with that addition. 
 Thank God, his next cruize is ordered well to the west- 
 ward, and consequently in a more honourable, more 
 advantageous, and a less fatiguing, less dangerous sta- 
 tion. You will know long before this can reach you 
 that you are to make part of his squadron for this 
 cruize. This cursed rebellion has overthrown all our 
 schemes, but when that vanishes, as I hope it will soon, 
 I flatter myself our projects will revive with redoubled 
 strength, " if," as Milton says, " the blind fury of party 
 does not interfere with her abhorred shears," and slit 
 our thin-spun political life, of the duration of which no 
 man can pretend to form a guess. Mr. Legge tells me 
 he has writ to you this post, and inclosed I send you a 
 letter from Miss Hester, so that I take it for granted 
 that you are thoroughly informed of our Admiralty- 
 transactions, and of the lives and histories of the family 
 of the Grenvilles. News from the North have been very 
 scarce of late, which I am afraid does not look as if the 
 rebels were about to disperse, as it has been reported, 
 since in that case the ways would be open, and we 
 should have tidings of what was doing there every hour. 
 
 The last accounts from that part of the world says, 
 that they have about 9000 men, that they have above 
 400 horse, and were to set out from Edinburgh on 
 their march southward as this day, but whether by 
 Carlisle or Berwick is uncertain. A French privateer, 
 with officers, arms, and money, is got to Montrose, and 
 we are afraid that others steal by us to the ports on the 
 east coast of Scotland, in spite of all our cruizing ships 
 and sloops. 1 don't hear of any embarkation of a num-
 
 46 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745 
 
 ber of men, unless the four Spanish men-of-war which 
 the Spanish frigate taken lately by the Privateer gives 
 an account of, were destined to land men and money in 
 Ireland. 'T is generally reported that there is some 
 person of distinction on board of that frigate, who is in 
 a common sailor's dress, and is amongst the other pri- 
 soners unknown. Report has already made this person 
 of distinction the Pretender's second son, but I have not 
 seen anything authentic that can induce me to think 
 this extraordinary story well founded ; and therefore I 
 believe it has no other grounds, but that the eldest bro- 
 ther came to Scotland in such a vessel. So much for 
 news. I wish, my dear Tom, that I was as confident of 
 your succeeding in everything to the utmost of my de- 
 sires, as I am that you will do your duty and deserve it; 
 nor is this the language of my affection and partiality, 
 though I am equally happy in having both for you, and 
 receiving both from you. Adieu: the Parliament meets 
 on Thursday, and everything is in a hurry. Write to 
 me ten lines before you go to sea, if you have time, 
 and if I can, you shall hear from me again next post. 
 God bless you. George Grenville. 
 
 Have you received a letter of mine sent to Admiral 
 Martyn six weeks or two months ago ? 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty Office, December 28, 1745. 
 
 Dear Tom, — I wrote two letters for you at Ports- 
 mouth, and one to you at Deal, which, however, con- 
 tained nothing important, and therefore you will have
 
 1745. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 47 
 
 no loss of them. I did not expect that I should still 
 be to write to you, because by this time I hoped to have 
 seen you here ; but such is the uncertainty of our affairs 
 at present, that we can reckon upon nothing ; however, 
 I still natter myself that you won't continue where you 
 are long, though 't is possible your stay there may not be 
 shorter than mine at the Admiralty, but that I leave to 
 fortune, which has many more considerable events to de- 
 cide : in the mean time, whilst I am here, the pleasantest 
 thing I can do is to believe that my being here may, 
 in some way or other, contribute to your ease or satis- 
 faction. I received your last letter at Wotton, where 
 I made an excursion for three days with the Duke and 
 Duchess of Queensberry l , and Mr. Pitt. Hetty 2 was 
 gone from thence to make a visit to her friend Lady 
 Litchfield 3 , so that I saw nothing of her, but heard of 
 her twice that she was very well. Jemmy 4 was there, 
 and Harry 5 with his love Peggy 6 went down yesterday. 
 We left them on Thursday, and my first care was to 
 comply with your request of making Mr. Netherton a 
 purser, in short I found one out for him, and we signed 
 the warrant for him to be purser of the Lys yesterday, 
 so that you have nothing to do but to send him up to 
 
 1 Charles Douglas, third Duke of Queensberry, and his wife, 
 Catherine Hyde, daughter of Henry, Earl of Clarendon and Rochester. 
 The Duchess died in 1777, and the Duke in the year following. They 
 are particularly remembered for their affectionate friendship to Gay. 
 
 2 Hester Grenville, afterwards Lady Chatham. 
 
 3 Diana, daughter of Sir Thomas Frankland, and wife of George 
 Henry Lee, third Earl of Litchfield. 
 
 4 James Grenville. 
 
 5 Henry Grenville. 
 
 6 Miss Margaret Banks, a sister of John Ilodgkinson Banks, Esq. 
 She was a celebrated beauty, and was married in October, 1757, to Mr. 
 Henry Grenville.
 
 4.s GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745. 
 
 the office to take it out as soon as he pleases. Do you 
 know that this can't give you half so much pleasure as 
 it has given to me? 
 
 Admiral Vernon ' has complained so often, and desired 
 so often to be recalled, that whilst I was at Wotton the 
 Board took him at his word, and sent him an order for 
 that purpose j indeed, his behaviour has been in some 
 respects a most extraordinary one. 
 
 I agree with you as to the French invasion, which I 
 cannot believe is any longer intended to be carried im- 
 mediately into execution now the rebels are got north- 
 ward, but if we spoil all our line-of-battle ships, by keep- 
 ing what formed the Western Squadron in the Downs 
 all the winter, instead of cleaning them, and putting 
 
 1 Admiral Vernon, so well known by bis boasting temper, his success 
 and bis miscarriages, was a man of undoubted talent, but ill qualified 
 by bis character to govern those under him, or to obey those above 
 him. Vernon was raised to the rank of Admiral of the White in 
 April, 1745. He was immediately appointed to the command of the 
 Fleet for the defence of the Channel and north coast, and in that 
 situation his vigilance has been greatly commended. The Board of 
 Admiralty, however, having found fault with some of his dispositions 
 of the force, he complained bitterly, and, after an angry correspond- 
 ence, desired leave to strike his flag. The Admiralty, finding it useless 
 to give orders which were always cavilled at, complied with this request. 
 Hereupon the Admiral, who seems to have thought the public would 
 support him against the Government, published two pamphlets, in 
 which be revealed the orders he had received, and published, without 
 leave, his official correspondence. The Admiralty visited this offence in 
 the most severe manner. Admiral Vernon was called upon to attend 
 the Board. When he appeared, the Duke of Bedford asked him if 
 he was the publisher of the two pamphlets. He declined to answer 
 the question. The Duke of Bedford then informed him, that the 
 Board, after such a refusal, could not but consider him as the publisher. 
 He stated his surprise that he should have been asked such a question, 
 and withdrew. The next day, the Duke of Bedford saw the King, and 
 signified to the Board the King's pleasure that Vice-Admiral Vernon 
 should be struck out of the list of flag-officers. — Lord John Russell's 
 Introduction to the Bedford Correspondence, vol. i. pp. xlvi., xlvii.
 
 1745-6. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 49 
 
 them in order for the spring, 't is possible a more feasible 
 and more sensible project for an embarkation may be 
 supported by the Brest Squadron in March or April 
 next. This seems to me to be the case, but I am no 
 seaman, and therefore leave the consideration of it to 
 those that are. 
 
 The Duke is besieging Carlisle, where 300 or 400 
 of the rebels are left in garrison ', the rest are got into 
 Scotland, and 'tis thought will soon join their other body 
 at, or near, Stirling. 
 
 Adieu, my dear Tom ; many people ask after you, be- 
 cause many people love you, but nobody better than 
 your most affectionate, , George Grenville. 
 
 COL. RICHARD LYTTELTON 2 TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Cleveland Court, February 3, 1745-6. 
 My dear Tom, — I know not where this letter may 
 find you, or if you will get it at all, but write to thank 
 you for your kind congratulations. I long to see you 
 in town, where I hope you will live with the Duchess 
 without jealousy ; and though you are divorced as my 
 wife, I will receive you as a mistress, and she on any 
 terms you please. 
 
 1 It was supposed by Prince Charles that these men and their 
 officers were left at their own request, " yet," says Lord Mahon, " the 
 result was most fatal to them, and the determination to leave them 
 most unwise." — History of the 'Forty-five, p. 95. 
 
 2 Colonel Richard Lyttelton, fifth son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, and 
 afterwards a Knight of the Bath. lie had recently married the Lady 
 Rachel Russell, the sister of John, Duke of Bedford, and widow of 
 Scrope Egerton, Duke of Bridgewater. He was appointed Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of the island of Minorca, and was subsequently Go- 
 vernor of Guernsey. He died in 1770. 
 
 VOL. I. E
 
 50 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1745-6. 
 
 The Cabinet and other our Governors, who had laid 
 down, have retaken their parchments, so that my lords 
 of Granville 1 , Bath 2 , Winchilsea 3 , Carlisle 4 , Bathurst 5 , 
 Sandys 6 , &c., stand a fair chance of being in opposition, 
 uninspected the rest of their lives, as the present 
 ministry will in all probability be much confirmed and 
 strengthened bvthis weak effort of those infant Atlases, 
 Bath and Granville, whose backs must have been broken 
 by the burthen, had they had strength to lift it fairly 
 on their shoulders 7 . 
 
 Commodore Smith set out this morning for Scot- 
 
 1 John Carteret, Earl Granville. 
 
 2 William Pulteney, Earl of Bath. 
 
 3 Daniel Finch, seventh Earl of Winchilsea, and third Earl of Not- 
 tingham, succeeded his father in those titles in January, 1730, having 
 previously represented the county of Rutland in several Parliaments. 
 He was at this time, and subsequently for a short period, First Lord 
 of the Admiralty. He died in August, 1769, in his 81st year. 
 
 4 Henry, fourth Earl of Carlisle, K.G., succeeded his father in May, 
 1738. Before his accession to the Peerage he had represented in 
 Parliament the borough of Morpeth. He died September 4, 1758. 
 
 5 Allen, first Lord Bathurst. He died in 1775, at the age of 91. 
 
 c Samuel, first Baron Sandys of Ombersley. He was Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer in 1741, and was made a peer in 1743. He had 
 previously sat in Parliainent for Worcester. He died in 1770. 
 
 7 It was at this juncture, and in consequence of the intrigues of 
 Lord Granville and Lord Bath, and the King's absolute refusal to make 
 Pitt Secretary at War, that the Duke of Newcastle, Mr. Pelham, and 
 the whole of the Cabinet and Chief Officers of State, sent in their 
 resignations, and the King endeavoured to form an Administration with 
 Lord Bath al the head of the Treasury; Lord Granville, Secretary of 
 State; Lord Winchilsea, First Lord of the Admiralty; Lord Carlisle, 
 Lord Privy Seal, Sec. Lord Granville, it is said, had actually kissed 
 hands upon his appointment, but in less than forty-eight hours the 
 new Ministers found there was not the slightest chance of making a 
 successful stand against so powerful an opposition. The King was 
 therefore obliged to send to Mr. Pelham, and desire him and his 
 colleagues to return to their employments. Mr. Pitt was made Vice- 
 Treasurer of Ireland, and soon after appointed to the lucrative office 
 of Paymaster of the Forces, and at last, by the force of his genius
 
 1746. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 51 
 
 land to take the command of Byng's squadron. Only 
 think of him going- post to Edinburgh. 
 
 Adieu, my dear Tom, may all honours and success 
 attend you, and believe me, most faithfully, yours. 
 
 R. Lyttelton. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Linconibe, August 25, 1746. 
 
 My dear Grenville, — As Jemmy 1 informs me you 
 designed to give me the pleasure of hearing from you 
 soon, I write this to notify my intention to leave this 
 place in two or three days, by which means your letter 
 would not find me before I shall embrace you in town. 
 I propose to take our Wotton friends in my way, and if 
 I can, Barrington. 
 
 I have a request to you, which I desire you will allow 
 me to take for granted, by not hearing a refusal, for 
 which there cannot be time while I stay here. My re- 
 quest is, that Mr. Hoare 2 may copy a gentleman's pic- 
 ture, which he lately drew, and which he will touch at 
 London or elsewhere, as occasion offers. I hope to 
 find you looking just as you did when he and I had you 
 under consideration. I will defer all further discourse 
 till we meet. W. Pitt. 
 
 and talents, acquired in the highest degree the favour and confidence 
 of his sovereign. 
 
 1 James Grenville. 
 
 2 Williame Hoare, a fashionable portrait-painter, for many years 
 resident at Bath, where he was much employed by the visitors. He 
 painted a portrait of Mr. Pitt, which was formerly at Stowe. He was 
 one of the original members of the Royal Academy, and a constant 
 exhibitor there until his death in 170-2. His son, Prince Hoare, was 
 afterwards the Foreign Secretary to the Royal Academy. 
 
 E 2
 
 52 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1746. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, October 29, 1746. 
 My dear Grenville, — I join most heartily with you 
 in your grief for the loss of a man of more worth and 
 honour than most he has left behind him. Poor Lady 
 Suffolk bears this terrible stroke 1 with all the composure 
 that strength of mind can give. This turn of mind may, 
 perhaps, be better for her health in the beginnings of 
 her affliction ; but, I believe, there is less resource from 
 time for her, than if she gave way to more violent marks 
 of it. In the midst of your concern for the dead, let me 
 assure you that I am most sincerely touched with your 
 kind attention to the living ; your friendship will ever 
 be deemed by me among the first of public honours and 
 private comforts. In the gloomy scene which I fear is 
 opening in public affairs for this disgraced country, 
 there is nothing to rest upon but the pleasure of esteem- 
 ing and sharing the esteem of those who deserve to have 
 lived in better days. I had postponed my leaving this 
 place till towards the meeting of Parliament, before I 
 received the favour of yours. I am better considerably, 
 but not so much as I appear, having still some of the 
 same impressions upon the old part. I desire you will 
 embrace for me the Wotton Grenvilles : the Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields Grenville will have a letter from me before 
 this reaches you. Believe me most unalterably and af- 
 fectionately yours. W. Pitt. 
 
 1 The death of her husband the Honourable George Berkeley.
 
 1746. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 53 
 
 ADMIRAL ANSON 1 TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Plymouth, November 4, 1746. 
 
 Dear Sir, — My not finding your brother 2 here has 
 given me a great deal of uneasiness, but cannot conceive 
 any accident has happened to him, for D'Anville's ships 
 were in no condition to attack him, if they happened 
 to meet with him, and he must have got to the eastward 
 of the ships that fell in with the Barbadoes convoy ; 
 his being short of water, and the finding the winds con- 
 trary, must have obliged him to put into Ireland, and 
 the easterly winds have kept the packet from getting to 
 England, which must be the reason we have not heard 
 of him. I find you have destined him for the Canarys, 
 with Captain Montague ; nobody can wish them more 
 success than I do ; but I differ in opinion with you, for, 
 by the scheme the enemy pursues, they will not put it 
 in the power of two or four ships to part them, for their 
 convoys are strong, and no French or Spanish trade 
 permitted to sail unprotected ; but I know what you 
 intend him will be more agreeable to him than any 
 other station, and therefore resign my right and title 
 to him, though you cannot esteem him more than 
 Your obliged and faithful humble Servant, 
 
 G. Anson. 
 
 1 Admiral George Anson was appointed to the command of an expe- 
 dition and voyage round the world. He sailed from England in 
 September, 1710 and anchored at Spithead on his return in June, 
 1741. In December following he was made Lord of the Admiralty 
 and came into Parliament for the borough of Heydon, In the spring 
 of 1747, he was sent to cruize off the coast of France, and falling in 
 with the enemy's fleet off Cape Finisterre, after a gallant action he 
 entirely disabled them. In June, 1747, Anson was raised to the 
 Peerage by the title of Baron Anson, and was subsequently First Lord 
 of the Admiralty. He died, in June, L762. 
 
 ~ Captain Thomas Grenville, at this time in command of the Defiance.
 
 54 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1746. 
 
 THE DUKE OF BEDFORD > TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, November 11, 1746. 
 Dear Sir, — I have long intended to have returned 
 you thanks for your letter 2 of the 24th of last month, 
 and at the same time have given you my opinion in 
 relation to what you mention in it about the under- 
 taking early next Spring — our intended expedition 
 against Canada. But I really have had occasion to 
 write so many letters, and have had so much business, 
 that I have put it off from day to day in the hopes of 
 finding a leisure time. I hope by this time all your 
 fears for Accadie are vanished, as I cannot think it pos- 
 sible, by the accounts we have had, that Due d'Anville 
 can have made any impression there. As by the ill 
 success of that squadron, I think our original scheme 
 is as entire as ever, I enclose to you my thoughts on 
 that head in the copy of a letter 3 I wrote by last night's 
 post to Mr. Stone, in answer to one I had just received 
 from him by order of the Duke of Newcastle, desiring 
 me to transmit to him my opinion about the destination 
 of the troops now in Ireland, under the command of 
 General St. Clair. I hope this will have its effect in 
 keeping the troops this winter in Ireland, and that all 
 proper measures will be immediately concerted for set- 
 ting the expedition forward very early next Spring 4 . 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 1 John, fourth Duke of Bedford, at this time First Lord of the 
 Admiralty. 
 
 2 The letter here referred to is printed in the Bedford Correspond- 
 ence, vol. i. p. 155. 
 
 1 It is printed in the Bedford Correspondence, vol. i. p. 182. 
 4 " The favourite plan of the Duke of Bedford was to send an expe- 
 dition to North America, and conquer Canada. In conformity with his
 
 1746. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 55 
 
 THE DUKE OF BEDFORD TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE ». 
 
 Bath, November 24, 1746. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I agree with you in all your reasonings 
 in your letter of the 19th instant with regard to the 
 necessity of determining immediately whether the expe- 
 dition designed against Canada shall proceed early in 
 the Spring, in order to be beforehand with the enemy, 
 as well in recovering what possibly we may have lost 
 this year (I mean Annapolis Royal) as in attacking them 
 in their own settlements on the River of St. Lawrence. 
 I am likewise sensible that in case it shall be deter- 
 mined to go on with this expedition, that it is absolutely 
 necessary to dispatch a sloop forthwith with orders to 
 the several Governors on the Continent to assure, in His 
 Majesty's name, their respective Assemblies, that a con- 
 siderable force both of troops and ships shall be sent 
 from hence to North America, as soon as the season of 
 the year will permit, in order to attempt the reduction 
 of Canada, and at the same time to require the several 
 Governments to furnish their quotas for this expedition. 
 
 But the day before yesterday I received a letter from 
 the Duke of Newcastle, with an account that (notwith- 
 standing all the arguments I had made against it in 
 my letter to him of the 10th instant, and of which 1 
 enclosed you a copy) it was determined unanimously in 
 
 request, preparations were made on a sufficient scale for the purpose. 
 Had he been allowed to order the sailing of the expedition which was 
 prepared, it is most probable the conquest of Canada, would not have 
 been reserved for the Seven Years' War. But the indecision or timidity 
 of the Duke of Newcastle delayed, and finally broke up, ihe expedition." 
 — Lord John Iiusscll's Introduction to the Bedford ( 'orrespondenee, 
 vol. i. p. xlviii. 
 
 1 Part of this letter is printed in the Bedford Correspondence, 
 vol. i. p. 196.
 
 56 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1746. 
 
 the Cabinet Council, to order the troops late under the 
 command of Lieutcn ant-General St. Clair, and now in 
 Ireland, to return immediately to England. I must own 
 this has thoroughly convinced me that the intended ex- 
 pedition is entirely laid aside, as I cannot possibly con- 
 ceive that a determination could be taken to remove 
 these troops, harassed as they were, at such a season of 
 the year as this, without there was an absolute necessity 
 for so doing, in order for the defence of this country 
 against a French invasion. If that is the case, and 
 troops cannot at present be spared from Scotland for 
 that purpose, I must own I see no probability of their 
 being spared early enough next Spring to permit these 
 troops to go on this expedition with any prospect of suc- 
 cess ; and besides, these troops by their continual em- 
 barkations would be so harassed, that they would hardly 
 be fit for this service, which I think particularly re- 
 quires troops to be complete, and in good health, as there 
 is no possibility of recruiting them in North America. 
 
 With regard to the Navy Debt, I think that nothing 
 can stand in competition with it, as I fear that, if a con- 
 siderable sum of money is not granted this year towards 
 the lessening of it, His Majesty's Naval Service must 
 entirely stand still, or, which is worse, be overturned. I 
 doubt not but that Mr. Pelham, upon this being stated 
 to him, will be very ready to do what lies in his power 
 to supply the necessities of the Navy, and enable us to 
 keep our credit till the next sessions of Parliament. If 
 it can be done in no other way, I fear it will be neces- 
 sary to raise another half million more than was first 
 intended, as I cannot think it possible that, during a 
 French and Spanish war, the public can be induced to 
 suffer the Navy to be neglected. I do not write to Mr.
 
 1746. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 57 
 
 Pelham on this subject, for the same reason you have 
 till now deferred speaking to him about it, I mean the 
 adding supernumerary distresses to those he must now 
 necessarily labour under. But as I think it is absolutely 
 necessary that something should be done immediately 
 in this affair, and as I think it will be both better 
 done by you by word of mouth, and with less trouble 
 to Mr. Pelham, than it could be done by me in a letter 
 to him, I would beg the favour of you to mention it to 
 him, both as from me and yourself, and by his answer 
 we shall be able to judge what it is possible (considering 
 the present exigencies of the public) may be granted 
 to us. 
 
 I fear that if Admiral Davers is recalled from Ja- 
 maica it will be out of our power to confer that com- 
 mand on Commodore Smith, as I believe Admiral Mayne 
 had the greatest encouragement given him to expect it, 
 both by Lord Sandwich and Mr. Anson, and with mine, 
 and I thought the joint consent of the whole Board. 
 Though I do not personally know Commodore Smith, 
 no one can have a greater regard for him than I have, 
 upon account of the universal good character he bears, 
 both as a seaman and an officer, and I am verv sen- 
 sible that the command he now has is far from being 
 grateful or profitable to him, and farther that he has ac- 
 quitted himself in it to the satisfaction of H.R.H. the 
 Duke. But, at the same time, I cannot forget the much 
 harder duty Admiral Mayne has undergone as President 
 of the Court Martial at Dcptford, and I think that after 
 the mortification he has been obliged to go through in 
 his submission to the Lord Chief Justice (which the 
 Court Martial ignorantly, though innocently, drew upon 
 themselves), it would be unjust in us not to do what
 
 58 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1747. 
 
 lay in our power to countenance him, and through him 
 the whole Court Martial. I hope the Board will be 
 willing to defer determining who shall succeed Mr. 
 Davers in the command, till Mr. Anson's return, who 
 will be able to inform them what has passed between 
 him and Admiral Mayne upon that subject. 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO CAPT. THOMAS GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty Office, April 2, 1747. 
 
 My dear Tom, — You will be surprised and sorry, but 
 not either one or the other half so much as I am, when 
 I tell you that your ship and the Bristol are both 
 ordered under the command of V. A. Anson, as long- 
 as from the information he has of the strength of the 
 enemy he judges it necessary 1 . Mr. Anson and Mr. 
 Warren set out from Portsmouth the next day after you 
 left London ; and this regulation was settled whilst we 
 were at dinner, for the next day, at the Board, I found 
 the order prepared for signing. As I knew nothing of 
 it, I refused peremptorily to sign it, and bid Corbett 
 write to Mr. Anson to know what he intended to do 
 
 1 Lord John Russell alludes to this circumstance in his Introduction 
 to the Bedford Correspondence, vol. i. p. xlix. " An instance of the 
 Duke of Bedford's confidence in Lord Anson, appears in a letter written 
 by the Duchess to the Admiral when his flag was flying at Plymouth. 
 Two of the Lords of the Admiralty, Lord Sandwich and Mr. Grenville, 
 had brothers in the command of ships. Mr. Grenville, wishing to 
 obtain for these officers a separate command, contrived that an order 
 for Admiral Anson not to keep their ships above seven days with him 
 -If Mild be prepared for signature. But the Duke indignantly refused 
 
 sign the order, and the ships were placed unconditionally under 
 Anson."
 
 1747. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 59 
 
 with you : this stopped the order that day, but yesterday 
 the importance of it was pressed in the strongest manner, 
 and that Mr. A. would have but few ships out with him ; 
 and what would be the consequence if the Brest fleet 
 should be superior, and beat us, &c, &c, &c. To all 
 this I replied, that the same language of ifs and ands 
 had been used to me two years together, and that I was 
 quite sick of it a third time ; that the Admiralty had 
 all promised me this cruize, with repeated vows and 
 oaths ; that I had already been used very ill upon this 
 occasion, and that I would never consent upon any 
 terms to release that promise ; but, if they thought it 
 proper and honourable, they must break it. Lord Vere 1 
 sent me word that he would answer with his life that 
 Mr. Anson would not keep you above a week with him ; 
 and how could that injure you, as his orders are then to 
 permit you to go in execution of our former orders. These 
 arguments did not prevail upon me to change my reso- 
 lution or to sign those orders ; but the Board are so 
 much afraid, or so little anxious about keeping their 
 word so solemnly given, that they have signed the order 
 and gratified Mr. Anson in his request. I have not 
 been at the Board to day, nor don't much care if I never 
 go again, so much am I vexed at their behaviour to 
 me, which I think I have not deserved, and will not 
 forget, though I hope, after the bustle this has occasioned, 
 that you will not be detained long. 
 
 I have received a letter from Vice- Admiral Steuart, 
 
 1 Lord Vere Beauclerc, third son of the first Duke of St. Albans; 
 at this time a Lord of the Admiralty, and M.P. for Plymouth. In 
 175( i he was made Lord Vere of Hamvorth. He married Mary, eldest 
 daughter and co-heir of Thomas Chamber, Esq., of I Ian worth. Lady 
 Betty Germaine was her aunt. Swift called her " Lady Betty's saucy 
 niece."
 
 GO GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1747. 
 
 iii which he states the irregularity of my request for 
 giving you the Berwick's and Woolwich's men in prefer- 
 ence, which he says would be deemed a glaring instance 
 of partiality, and inconsistent with his duty ; that your 
 ship has but fifteen sick, whose room he will supply, 
 and seven short of complement, and bears twenty-five 
 supernumeraries ; that Captain Boscawen has not a man 
 given him, but that he will try and send you away con- 
 tented. 
 
 I shall write an answer to this next post. Let me 
 hear from you, and what your Admiral says upon this 
 bustle, which I dare say he has heard all the particulars 
 of, though not a word from me. Write to me directly ; 
 and so adieu, my dear Tom. George Grenville. 
 
 ADMIRAL ANSON TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Portsmouth, April 3, 1747. 
 Dear Sir, — The reason of my not mentioning the 
 Defiance and Bristol's going out of the Channel with 
 me, to you before I left the town, was, that I did not 
 think of it myself till the moment I left the town ; they 
 shall be detained from putting the Board's orders in 
 execution as short a time as possible ; if there should 
 be any service, I know they would both of them be 
 glad to be in it. As Captain Pritchard of the Devon- 
 shire has got the gout to that violent degree as not to 
 be able to go to sea, I intend to give Captain West an 
 order to command her, Mr. Warren having consented 
 to take him upon my recommendation, and I think he 
 cannot serve in a properer or more honourable way.
 
 1747. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 61 
 
 I desire you will not be among the number of my friends 
 that neglect to write to me now and then when absent ; 
 you know letters sent to Plymouth will find their way 
 to me, and you cannot do a greater pleasure to, dear 
 Sir, &c, &c. G. Anson. 
 
 ORDERS BY GEORGE ANSON, Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squadron of 
 His Majesty's Fleet, Commander-in-Chief, &c, to CAPTAIN THOMAS 
 GRENVILLE, Commander of His Majesty's Ship the Defiance. 
 
 April 7, 1747. 
 In case of separation by any unavoidable accident 
 before the fleet goes out of the Channel, with the wind 
 hard westerly, and you should not have got to the west- 
 ward of Torbay, Portland Road is the place of rendez- 
 vous ; if to the westward of Torbay, and you cannot 
 get up to Plymouth, Torbay is the rendezvous ; and if 
 to the westward of Plymouth, then Plymouth is the place 
 of rendezvous. Dated at Spithead, the 7th of April, 
 1747, on board the Prince George. G. Anson. 
 
 By command of the Admiral, Php. Stephens. 
 
 MR. ANDREW GUTHRIE » TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Defiance, at Spithead, 16th May, 1747. 
 Sir, — As I believe it to be my duty, I, most unwill- 
 ingly, beg leave to acquaint you with the nature of the 
 fatal accident which happened to your brother, Captain 
 Grcnville 2 , on the third of May. We were engaged 
 
 1 Surgeon to Captain Grenville's ship, the Defiance. 
 The lamented death of Captain Grenville is mentioned in Anson's 
 letter to the Duke of Bedford, as First Lord of the Admiralty, describ-
 
 (32 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1747. 
 
 near two hours before he was wounded, by a large 
 splinter from the ship's side, on the quarter deck, which 
 shattered the bone of his left thigh in several pieces 
 near two-thirds of its length, and tore all the muscles 
 about it in the most miserable manner. He was imme- 
 diately brought down to me ; I examined the wound, 
 and, to my great concern, plainly saw that it was a most 
 desperate case, but the only possible means that could 
 be used then to save his life was to amputate it above 
 the wounded part, which he agreed to, and I imme- 
 diately took it off. He bore it with a surprising con- 
 stancy and firmness of mind, never making the least 
 complaint. He was afterwards moved into my cabin, 
 where I constantly attended him ; he lived near five 
 hours, sensible most of the time, but very faint with the 
 great loss of blood and excessive pain, until a little 
 before he died, which happened without any struggle, 
 sleeping as it were insensible into death. 
 
 As it was my greatest ambition to please him when 
 living, I thought it no less my duty to take the utmost 
 care I could of his body, that it might be carried home. 
 The next day I opened his body, embowelled and filled 
 it with proper things to preserve it, then wrapped it in 
 
 ing his celebrated action off Cape Finisterre. Of Captain Grenville, 
 he says, " he was by much the cleverest officer I ever saw." George 
 Lvtteltou, writing to Thomson on the 21st of May, says, " I wish you 
 joy of Anson's success : an action that does him great honour, and of 
 great benefit to his country, but the joy of it is palled to our family by 
 the loss of poor Captain Grenville, one of the most promising young 
 men in the Navy, and who, had he lived, would have been an honour 
 not to his family only, but to his country. I never saw in any man 
 a finer mixture of spirit, temper, and judgment. He fought and died 
 with the gallantry of Sir Philip Sidney." A column was erected to 
 bis memory, by his uncle Lord Cobham, in the gardens at Stowe, on 
 which are inscribed some beautiful lines by Lyttelton.
 
 1747. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 63 
 
 a cerecloth, and put it into a coffin lined with lead. 
 As I have endeavoured to do everything for the best, 
 I hope to have your approbation, which will make the 
 great loss I have sustained by his death the easier. 
 
 If you thought proper I should be glad to have leave 
 to come along with his body, and take care of it until 
 it is safely delivered, as it is the last thing I can do 
 to show my regard and gratitude to him, and hope you 
 will be pleased to obtain me their Lordships' leave to 
 be absent from the ship for some time, for that purpose. 
 Hoping you will excuse this trouble, I am, with the 
 greatest respect, &c, &c. Andr. Guthrie. 
 
 COLONEL SPEED » TO MR. RICHARD GRENVILLE. 
 
 Camp at Zanoven, June 29, 1747. 
 
 My dear Mr. Grenville, — Till within these five 
 days we have been very inactive, but upon intelligence 
 of the enemy's making a motion towards Maestricht, 
 our army marched from Liere to this place; but the 
 enemy we hear are now returned to Louvain, where the 
 King of France is ; we expected an engagement before 
 now, and it is the opinion of many it cannot be long 
 before we have one, from our situation; we have a very 
 large country to defend, which covers Holland from 
 
 1 Colonel Samuel Speed, the writer of this letter, was the fellow 
 soldier and very intimate friend and relation of Lord Cobbam. When 
 he added in the postscript that he expected the whole army to be engaged 
 in an hours time, he little expected that in such a brief space he 
 should have received his death wound from two bullets through the 
 head; yet so it happened. There was formerly a very good portrait of 
 Colonel Speed, at Stowe, which represented him as a very handsome 
 man. apparently about forty years of age.
 
 04 GRENVILLE PAPERS 1747. 
 
 Beroon-op-Zoom to Maestricht; there are about twelve 
 thousand men in Zealand, and a large detachment at 
 Hoostraten, near Breda: the enemy on their side make 
 as large detachments, so that ten or twelve thousand 
 men may encounter each other, but when a decisive 
 action may happen is very uncertain ; our out parties 
 have small skirmishes happen almost every day : the 
 losses on either side are too inconsiderable to mention 
 — thirty men is the greatest number that has been lost 
 at a time this campaign : some members of Parliament 
 have asked leave to go to attend their elections, but 
 I do not hear H.R.H. has consented for them to go. 
 Our situation at present is a very critical one, and does 
 no doubt afford great matter for conversation in Eng- 
 land. God knows what the event may be, I hope fa- 
 vourable, but you shall hear from me the first motion we 
 make. 
 
 I should, my dear friend, have written to you on the 
 melancholy news I had heard, could I have given you 
 the least consolation which I wanted myself : your 
 family have my constant good wishes and prayers ; the 
 latter you will laugh at me for when in spirits, but that 
 you know I am used to, and hope to see those days 
 again. When you see Dick Berenger, pray tell him I 
 take it unkind he did not answer my letter, which I 
 earnestly desired he would. When you are most at 
 leisure I beg you will write me a line to let me know 
 how you all are, for the accounts I have hitherto had 
 afford very little satisfaction. I desire my compliments 
 to Mrs. Grenville 1 and Miss Banks, and though it is 
 
 Anna Chamber, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Chamber, Esq., 
 of Hanworth, now married to Richard Grenville, afterwards Earl 
 Temple.
 
 1747. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 65 
 
 my misfortune to be a useless friend, you have not in 
 the world a more sincere one. Sam. Speed. 
 
 The camp takes its name from the head-quarters, 
 which often happens to be a small village, but the army 
 lays near Hasselt, about six leagues from Maestricht. 
 
 I had not an opportunity to send this as dated: we 
 are now before the enemy, and expect the whole army 
 will engage in an hour's time. Yours till death, 
 
 S. Speed. 
 
 Sunday, June (July) 1, N.S. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. RICHARD GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, June 30, 1747. 
 My dear Grenville, — I am this moment arrived 
 from Sussex ', victorious as yourself, after being opposed 
 by Mr. Gage and the Earl of Middlesex 2 . It is certain 
 my own success does not give me a more sincere plea- 
 sure than yours does. I find no account from Jemmy 3 
 which I hoped by this time : not that his last leaves any 
 
 1 Pitt was at this time Paymaster of the Forces. He had just 
 gained his election for Seaford, one of the Cinque Ports, for which 
 borough Mr. William Hall Gage had been previously the member. 
 
 2 Lord Middlesex, eldest son of the Duke of Dorset, and Master of 
 the Horse to the Prince of Wales, was elected for Old Sarum. Horace 
 Walpole says of this Lord, that "his figure, which was handsome, had 
 all the reserve of his family, and all the dignity of his ancestors. His 
 passion was the direction of operas, in which he bad not only wasted 
 immense sums, but had stood lawsuits in Westminster Hall, with some 
 of those poor devils for their salaries. The Duke of Dorset had often 
 paid his debts, but never could work upon his affections, and he had at 
 last carried his disobedience so far, in complaisance to, and iu imitation 
 of, the Prince, as to oppose his father in his own boroughs." — Memoirs 
 of George II., vol. i. p. 97. 
 
 1 James Grenville was elected member for Bridport. 
 
 VOL. I. F
 
 06 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1747. 
 
 room to fear for him, but I shall be glad to hear it was 
 well over. Jack Pitt 1 is likewise silent as to his state ; 
 his last account was very sanguine, but general. I con- 
 fess I am not without apprehension for him and Hodg- 
 kinson 2 . Elections in general go better than the most 
 warm expectation could promise. Doneraile 3 , at Win- 
 chilsea, offered thousands without making the least 
 impression. Would to God our victories were not con- 
 fined to our own little world ! A full detail of the late 
 action 4 I have not yet seen ; the clearest and best 
 makes it evident that the British and Electoral troops 
 did all that can be expected from men overpowered by 
 numbers, the whole weight being upon them. The 
 Duke has done himself great honour by the efforts he 
 made in person during the action ; but most of all, in 
 my opinion, by the very orderly and able retreat of his 
 own wing, and the facility he afterwards gave to the 
 right wing of Austrians to make theirs. Ligonier 5 
 
 1 John Pitt, one of the Commissioners of the Board of Trade, and 
 son of George Pitt, of Strathfieldsaye. He was elected for Wareham. 
 
 2 Pi. Banks Hodgkinson was elected for the borough of Wareham in 
 1751, upon the resignation of Mr. John Pitt, who was chosen for the 
 town of Dorchester. 
 
 3 Arthur St. Leger, Viscount Doneraile, Comptroller of the House- 
 hold to the Prince of Wales, had been previously member for Win- 
 chilsea : he was unsuccessful on this occasion, but he was elected for 
 Old Sarum. 
 
 4 The battle of Lauffeldt, in which William, Duke of Cumberland 
 was defeated, and, Walpole says, " was very near taken, having through 
 his short sight mistaken a body of French for his own people. He 
 behaved as bravely as usual : but his prowess is so well established, 
 that it grows time for him to exert other qualities of a general." — Letter 
 to Sir Horace Mann. Walpole Correspondence, vol ii. p. 198. 
 
 s Sir John Ligonier, a general officer of the highest military reputa- 
 tion. He had been created a Knight Banneret on the field of Dettin- 
 gen in 174-2. He became Earl of Ligonier in the Peerage of Great 
 Britain in 1766, and died in 1770, at the age of 91.
 
 1747. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 67 
 
 and, I believe, Conway ' prisoners ; Lord Albemarle 1 
 and Bland slightly wounded : Commodore Fox's falling 
 in with St. Domingue Fleet is a little cordial, and comes 
 most critically for the elections. 
 
 When do you think of being at Wotton? Let me 
 know, for I am at present upon the parish. Lady 
 Charlotte refers me, till her return in August, for a 
 final answer about my Lodge. Since we parted I have 
 seen somebody at dinner at Bedford House. I am as 
 much puzzled as ever, and as great a changeling. # I 
 am Mrs. Grenville's and Miss Hebe's most devoted 
 Servant, and ever yours. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 September 5th, 1747. 
 
 Dear George, — It falls to my lot always to convey 
 bad news to you : what you said the other day about 
 
 1 Colonel Henry Seymour Conway, second son of Francis, Lord 
 Conway. He had been Aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland at 
 Culloden. Horace Walpole, in a letter to Mr. Montague on the subject 
 of the battle of Lauffeldt, says, " Harry Conway, whom nature always 
 designed for a hero of a romance, and who is deplace' in ordinary life, 
 did wonders, but was overpowered and flung clown, when one French 
 hussar held him by the hair, while another was going to stab him : at 
 that instant an English serjeant with a soldier came up, and killed 
 the latter, but was instantly lulled himself: the soldier attacked the 
 other, and Mr. Conway escaped, but was afterwards taken prisoner, 
 and is since released on parole." — Walpole Correspondence, vol. ii. 
 p. 197. 
 
 2 William Anne Keppel, second Earl of Albemarle, E.G. He dis- 
 tinguished himself at the battles of Dettingen and Fontenoy. He 
 commanded the right wing at the battle of Culloden, and on the depar- 
 ture of the Duke of Cumberland he was left Commander-in-Chief of 
 all the King's forces in Scotland. He was appointed Ambassador to 
 the Court of France, and died suddenly at Paris, December 22, 1754. 
 
 F 2
 
 08 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1747. 
 
 poor Speed was prophetic. He was shot through the 
 head with two bullets while he was encouraging the 
 picketts and loading his musquet. I thought it right 
 to send Lord Cobham early notice of this, that poor 
 Harriett ' may hear it in the least shocking manner, 
 and I have wrote to him by this post accordingly. The 
 French are battering Pucelle and Cohorn in breach, 
 but they cannot make any great progresses yet. 
 
 Fox 2 is worse, and I think in danger. If anything 
 happens, as I must go to-morrow to Beckett, I trust my 
 affairs in your hands. Say anything about me or for 
 me that you think proper, and give me your advice 
 what to say and do for myself. In these things being 
 early is everything. I will add nothing more to you, 
 who can and will do more for me than for yourself, for 
 in what concerns your friends your laziness will not 
 operate, nor your modesty prevent your doing what 
 should be done. Yours most affectionately. B. 
 
 MR. GEORGE LYTTELTON TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hagley, September 21, 1747. 
 
 Dear George, — I would not give up the hopes you 
 have flattered me with, of seeing you here, 'till I heard 
 of your being returned to town, but as they are now 
 quite disappointed, I must adjourn them 'till another 
 year. 
 
 In the mean time Mr. Pitt and I have been contriving 
 
 1 Miss Speed, sister to Colonel Speed. 
 
 1 Henry Fox, afterwards Lord Holland. He was at this time Secre- 
 tary at War, and it is evident that Lord Barrington was willing to 
 succeed him in that office, as in fact he did a few years afterwards.
 
 1747. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 69 
 
 some considerable new improvements to make you the 
 more inexcusable if you do not visit us then ; though, 
 indeed, I think if there were no other reason to bring 
 you to us, but the desire we all have of your company, 
 that alone would leave you without an excuse, if you 
 don't let us share you with Wotton and Stowe. Thom- 
 son 1 is just come to us, and as he is very unwilling to 
 leave this place soon, I wish, that instead of returning 
 to town on the 7th of next month, as I intended to 
 do, I could be allowed to stay 'till the 14th. If Mr. 
 Campbell be in town, as he told me he should, and you 
 are there too, there will, I imagine, be no difficulty in 
 it, even though Legge 2 should be out of the way, as 
 perhaps he will desire to be if it should prove a good 
 season for cock-shooting. Be so kind as to let me know 
 how this will be by the first return of the post, and 
 with my best compliments to Mr. Pelham, ask his leave 
 for me to prolong my holidays 3 'till that time, unless 
 he has other commands for me; I mean in case there be 
 a Board without me, for if there be not I will certainlv 
 be there by the 7th. 
 
 1 Thomson was a frequent guest at Hagley. Lord Lyttelton procured 
 him a pension of 100/. a year, and when he subsequently took office 
 under Mr. Pelham's administration, he appointed Thomson Surveyor- 
 General of the Leeward Islands, from which he derived about 300/. 
 a year. He displayed his gratitude to his benefactor by some lines 
 in the Castle of Indolence (canto i. st. 65, 66), descriptive of Lyttel- 
 ton's character. He died August 27, 1748. 
 
 2 Henry Bilson Legge, also a Lord of the Treasury. He was a 
 younger son of the first Earl of Dartmouth, and successively repre- 
 sented in Parliament the boroughs of East Looe and Orford, and the 
 county of Southampton, and filled the several offices of Secretary of 
 the Treasury, a Lord of the Admiralty and of the Treasury, and Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer. He married Mary, Baroness Stawel, and 
 died in August, 1764. His widow remarried in October, 1768, to 
 Wills, Earl of Hillsborough. 
 
 : * Lyttelton was at this time a Lord of the Treasury.
 
 70 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1747. 
 
 Poor Sam Speed ! I most heartily condole with you 
 on his brave unfortunate death. What a havock of 
 virtue has this cursed war made, and how cruelly have 
 we in particular suffered by it ! I pray God we may 
 not have great public as well as private reasons to wish 
 it had ended a year ago. 
 
 Adieu, my dear George - 9 all here are much yours, 
 and none more affectionately than your most faithful 
 
 G. Lyttelton. 
 
 MR. OSWALD ' TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 November 5, 1747. 
 
 Dear George, — Since writing my last I have been 
 seized with a fever, which raged for some days with a 
 great deal of violence, but is now quite over and I 
 recover tolerably well. Nor would this have prevented 
 my attending my friends on the first day of the session, 
 but the situation of my wife, which I mentioned in my 
 last, puts it out of my power at least sooner than after 
 Christmas. 
 
 I heartily wish affairs abroad were to go on as much 
 to your wish, as those in the Senate in all probability 
 will, where I am confident the Admiralty will not want 
 any concurrence they desire to whatever project they 
 think necessary for the public service. Nor shall my 
 expectations, I assure you, be extremely sanguine, even 
 with all these advantages. While the game is played in 
 Flanders, a sort of fatality seems to attend whoever 
 
 1 James Oswald, at this time M.P. for Fife. He was made a Lord 
 of Trade in 1751, and subsequently a Lord of the Treasury, and one of 
 the Vice-Treasurers of Ireland.
 
 1747. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 71 
 
 holds the cards. I was in hopes when the game came 
 to be played in Holland, the tables might turn, but 
 Bergen-op-Zoom has almost totally finished those hopes. 
 The Dutch liberty is now certainly over, but has its 
 extinction produced discipline and an army ? Has any- 
 thing yet appeared since the change which points that 
 way ? Perhaps it may be necessary to settle the family 
 affairs of the Stadtholder, before the Councils of that 
 unhappy people admit of a proper firmness. But is this 
 a time for so much prudence, and such distant views of 
 future security ? Does the temper and spirit of those 
 in management there seem to be changed? Will not 
 the same spirit of prudence so unaccountable now that 
 danger is at their very gates, produce the same pusil- 
 lanimity both in council and action as it has done 
 hitherto, when perhaps prudence and caution with their 
 effects were much more reasonable ? These are doubts 
 and fears perhaps unreasonable in themselves, aug- 
 mented by distance and ignorance of the true situation, 
 but they are what makes the prospect extremely dismal 
 to me. 
 
 What I wrote you inj my last with regard to the 
 Highlands is I fancy false, as I then suspected it ; but 
 the temper, spirit, and insolence of our Jacobites is 
 certainly such as I wrote you, though I really think 
 them as impotent as they are ridiculous. Archy Stew- 
 art's ' trial ended on Saturday. The taking of the 
 evidence lasted from Monday till then, during all which 
 time the jury sat inclosed, except one interval of about 
 ten hours, which was absolutely necessary, and indulged 
 
 1 The trial of Archibald Stewart, Provost of Edinburgh, and M.P. 
 for that city, upon a charge of complicity with the rebels. He was 
 acquitted.
 
 72 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1747. 
 
 bv the judges. I did not attend the trial myself in any 
 part of it, though I read the informations of the counsel, 
 which is a sort of summary of the pleadings in law 
 reduced to writing ; but from what I can hear from the 
 lawyers, and indeed in general, both the points of law 
 and the proof have turned out more palpably in Stewart's 
 favour. This makes me curious to see the evidence, 
 which I could wish were printed. Meantime, if one 
 was to pronounce from appearances, I could wish there 
 had been no trial at all, at least no second trial, which 
 seems to indicate so thorough a persuasion of his guilt 
 on the part of the prosecutors, as made a step taken, 
 which, if law, is certainly hard, if they were persuaded of 
 his guilt on improper evidence. It is weak if these pro- 
 secutions were carried on so violentlv, so determinedlv, 
 without such persuasion of guilt, and only for the pur- 
 pose of distressing an individual. It is cruel, if per- 
 suaded of guilt from proper evidence, which ought, but 
 did not convict him before a partial jury. How fatal is 
 
 the case that no justice can be had for the C n in 
 
 Scotland : but all will be screened ; the length of this 
 whole affair, so long an imprisonment in the Tower, so 
 long so solemn a trial will lead to reflections, and some 
 one or other of these reflections must be made. You 
 will make me happy in my retirement if you are so good 
 as to write me. I should wish to know something of 
 what happens above, and perhaps at so great a distance 
 it may be no breach of secrecy to acquaint me of some 
 things even before they do happen. 
 
 "What is your scheme of money ? If I knew, perhaps 
 I might ask to subscribe. Could I obtain a subscription? 
 As I could not flatter myself that my being either at 
 London or absent from it, could be either useful or de-
 
 1748. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 73 
 
 trimental to the public. What makes me most uneasy 
 is the inability I shall be in of serving some few of my 
 friends, for whom, had I been present, I should pro- 
 bably have asked favours. May I hope to obtain them 
 when absent ? I will ask or not as vou write me it is 
 proper. In the jumble of ecclesiastical affairs perhaps 
 I might have served my brother. I once mentioned 
 him to Lord Chesterfield for some dignity in the Church, 
 as he has two small livings, but am afraid his channel 
 is not the right one : could you advise or assist me ? 
 Recommend me to all your friends, and believe me ever, 
 &c. James Oswald. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 April 26, 1748. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I have just time to tell you all I 
 have learned of the preliminaries 1 on my arrival in 
 town this morning, after an absence of two days. They 
 are signed by France, England, and the Republic of 
 Holland : the outlines I understand to be much the same 
 as the Marshal of Saxe's overture, except that Guastalla 
 is added to Parma and Placentia for Don Philip. I 
 most heartily rejoice with you on this happy event ; 
 happy, I call it, because absolutely necessary to our 
 very being. 
 
 Sir William Yonge 2 tells me he left you very well, 
 
 1 Of the peace signed at Aix-la-Chapelle. The Definitive General 
 Treaty between all the belligerents was signed on tbe 18th of October 
 following. 
 
 2 Sir William Yonge, M.P. for Honiton, and one of the Vice-Trea- 
 surers of Ireland. He had been a Commissioner of the Admiralty and 
 of the Treasury, and Secretary at War. He died August, 1755. The
 
 74 GUENVILLE PAPERS. 1748. 
 
 and I most sincerely hope he tells me truth. I could 
 more easily pardon any of the fictions in which he some- 
 times deals than one on this occasion. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PELHAM TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 April 30, 1748. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I had the favour of your letter yesterday, 
 and am much obliged to you for your kind congratula- 
 tions on the late happy event of signing the prelimi- 
 naries. I look upon it as almost a miraculous deliver- 
 ance for this country and the Republic, considering the 
 great and successful army of France, and the weak and 
 unfortunate one of the Allies. It must be owned we 
 have fought it to the stumps, and that being the case 
 with ourselves as well as our Allies, we are certainly well 
 off. The terms are much the same as were talked of 
 last year; the Duchy of Guastalla is added to Parma 
 and Placentia as an establishment for Don Philip : 
 the whole to revert to the present possessors, in case 
 
 character of Sir William Yonge is thus drawn by Lord Hervey : " With- 
 out having done anything that I know of, remarkably profligate, any- 
 thing out of the common track of a ductile courtier, and a parliamen- 
 tary tool, his name was proverbially used to express everything pitiful, 
 corrupt and contemptible. It is true he was a great liar, but rather a 
 mean than a vicious one. He had been always constant to the same 
 party : he was good-natured and good-humoured : never offensive in 
 company: nobody's friend, nobody's enemy. He had no wit in private 
 conversation ; but was remarkably quick in taking hints to harangue 
 upon in Parliament : he had a knack of words there, that was surprising, 
 considering how little use they were to him anywhere else. He had a 
 great command of what is called Parliamentary language, and a talent 
 of talking eloquently without a meaning, and expatiating agreeably 
 upon nothing, beyond any man, I believe, that ever had the gift of 
 speech." — Lord Hervey's Memoirs of the Reign of George the Second, 
 vol. i. p. 48.
 
 1748. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 75 
 
 the King of Naples comes to be King of Spain, or Don 
 Philip should die without issue male. A restitution of 
 conquests on both sides, excepting what is allotted for 
 the Spanish Infant as above ; and the cessions made by 
 the Empress Queen to the King of Prussia by the 
 Treaty of Dresden, and to the King of Sardinia by that 
 of Worms : both which are confirmed. The Republic 
 of Genoa and the Duke of Modena are to have their 
 own again. Cessation of arms in the Low Countries 
 immediately, and elsewhere in six weeks. The Queen 
 of Hungary's minister has protested, and the King of 
 Sardinia has not yet signed ; but I make no doubt both 
 will come in to the General Treaty, because they can 
 do nothing else. I have now told you all the principal 
 articles in this Treaty ; but as they are not published, I 
 think you had better not mention these particulars as 
 having them from authoritv. We do not see the use 
 in laying the preliminaries before Parliament ; I hope 
 the next sessions will meet early, and that we shall 
 then be enabled to show the work complete. You are 
 very good in offering to come to town ; but as the waters 
 agree with you, I hope you will not think of stirring 
 from Bath sooner than you first designed. We have a 
 Board complete at the Treasury , and I look upon the 
 sessions as over, our last Money Bill having passed the 
 House of Commons last Friday. I am sorry to tell you 
 that His Majesty has determined his journey for Han- 
 over as soon as the House is up. It is always best when 
 he is amongst us ; but as Peace is near at hand, I don't 
 think his absence of equal ill consequence as it would 
 have been, had not the preliminaries been signed. This 
 great and unexpected news meets with general appro- 
 bation.
 
 76 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1748. 
 
 Your uncle 1 seems unaffectedly well satisfied. There 
 are those who look down, but that is rather a symptom 
 of the wisdom of the measure than of the integrity and 
 good faith of those dejected gentlemen. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, &c, &c. H. Pelham. 
 
 LADY DOROTHY HOBART 2 TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 May 12, 1748. 
 
 I am so well convinced that I have a pleasure in 
 writing to you, that it would be unnecessary to ask my- 
 self any questions upon that subject. I feel obliged to 
 you for giving me so good an account of yourself and 
 your sister, and therefore I think I cannot tell you so 
 too soon. 
 
 I believe my aunt Suffolk 3 would be pretty well if 
 her good nature did not make her so sensible to other 
 people's distresses, however I hope she will find herself 
 better when she is quietly settled at Marble Hill ; the 
 day of our departure is not absolutely fixed, but I 
 imagine it will be about Monday or Tuesday. They 
 say the House will be up on Friday, that His Majesty 
 may go on Saturday \ We have had as yet no summer, 
 but I supped at Ranelagh last night, and hope to go to 
 Vauxhall this evening. 
 
 So far was wrote yesterday. Lady S. says she is quite 
 ashamed and angry with herself for not having wrote to 
 
 1 Lord Cobham. 
 
 ' Daughter of John Hobart, first Earl of Buckinghamshire, married, 
 in 1752, to Sir Charles Hotham. She died in 1798. 
 
 :| Henrietta, Countess of Suffolk. 
 The King prorogued the Parliament, and set out immediately for 
 Hanover.
 
 1748. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 77 
 
 you, but the headache must be her excuse. Poor Lady 
 Mary l , finding it was necessary for her to see Lord C, 
 determined to put a conclusion to this affair by returning 
 home, and in pursuance of this resolution she is to go 
 home this evening : she is certainly in the right, but I 
 own I tremble for the event. The good account you 
 give of yourself makes me impatient to see you. I have 
 a strange propensity to think you in the right, and as a 
 proof of it, follow your example, and without further 
 ceremony bid you adieu. 
 
 The King has ordered his equipages to-morrow at 4 
 o'clock in the afternoon. Lord Herbert 2 is made Earl 
 
 of Powis, Lord Kerry an Earl of Ireland, and Sir 
 
 King 3 Lord Kingsborough. 
 
 1 Lady Mary Campbell, youngest daughter of John, Duke of Argyll : 
 she married, in 1747, to Edward Viscount Coke, eldest son of Thomas, 
 Earl of Leicester, who died in 1753, during the life-time of his father. 
 Lady Mary separated from her husband about this time : she remained 
 a widow, and survived until 1811. In one of Walpole's letters to Sir 
 Horace Mann in January, 1748, he says : — " Lord Coke has demolished 
 himself very fast ; I mean his character : you kuow he was married but 
 last spring: he is always drunk, has lost immense sums at play, and 
 seldom goes home to his wife till eight in the morning. The world is 
 vehement on her side ; and not only her family, but his own, give him 
 up ;" and a few months later writing to Conway, he mentions Lord Coke, 
 aud that "Lady Mary has made him a declaration in form, that she 
 hates him, that she always did, and that she always will. This seems 
 to have been a very unnecessary notification." — Walpole Correspondence, 
 vol. ii. pp. 208-224. 
 
 2 Henry Arthur Herbert, grandson of Richard, second Lord Herbert, 
 of Cherbury, so created in 1743, and was afterwards advanced to the 
 Earldom of Powis, having married Barbara, niece of William Her- 
 bert, third and last Marquess of Powis. Lord Powis died in 1749. 
 
 3 Sir Robert King, created Earl of Kingsborough, in Ireland. He 
 died in 1755, when the Peerage became extinct, but he was succeeded 
 in the Baronetcy by his brother, who was successively created Baron 
 Kingston in 1764, Viscount Kingsborough in 1766, and lastly, Earl of 
 Kingston in 1768.
 
 78 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1748-9. 
 
 THE REV. CHARLES LYTTELTON > TO MR. RICHARD GRENVILLE. 
 
 Aldersbrooke, in Essex, January 5, 1748-9. 
 
 I was favoured with my dear Mr. Grenville's letter 
 sent me hither from town by the last post. Had I not 
 been in waiting at Court when Billy 2 went to Wotton, I 
 should certainly have accompanied him thither, but I 
 was detained by my Chaplain's duty 'till the end of last 
 week, and on Monday was glad to come over hither for 
 a little country air. This place is but six miles from 
 town, so my chariot and pair easily conveys me, but 
 as I am grown of late so bad a horseman, I find it a 
 difficult matter to take longer journies, else I want not 
 a very warm inclination to spend some days with my 
 Wotton friends. 
 
 As it is a year since I had your evidences and muni- 
 ments under consideration, the paper you sent me wants 
 some explanation ; if you will take the trouble to bring 
 the parchment books, &c, to town, I shall then soon 
 refresh my memory with the state of your pedigree, 
 and the difficulties which occurred to me at the time I 
 endeavoured to draw it up. 
 
 I think we shall easily reconcile Moreri, and the Not- 
 
 1 Third son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton of Hagley, by Christian Temple, 
 sister to Lord Cobham. He was at this time Chaplain to King George 
 the Second ; he was rector of Alvechurch in Worcestershire ; Dean 
 of Exeter in 1748; and in 1762 he was made Bishop of Carlisle. 
 He was for some time President of the Society of Antiquarians. He 
 died unmarried in 1768. 
 
 2 William Henry Lyttelton, sixth son of Sir Thomas. He was ap- 
 pointed Governor of South Carolina in 1755, and subsequently Gover- 
 nor of Jamaica. He was made an Irish Peer by the title of Baron 
 Westcote in 1766, and succeeded to the family estates by the death 
 of his nephew, Thomas, the second Lord Lyttelton, in 1779, when 
 that Peerage became extinct: it was recreated in his favour in 1794. 
 He died in 1808.
 
 1749. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 79 
 
 ley Register, with regard to the marriages of Isabella 
 Gifford and Isabella Mareschall, by looking into Dug- 
 dale's accounts of the families of Fitzhamon, Clare, 
 Gifford, and Valence, and particularly Sir Robert 
 Atkyns's pedigree of Fitzhamon, in his History of 
 Gloucestershire. I am not sure whether I assigned the 
 right arms to Joan de Arsic, wife of Sir Eustace de 
 
 Grenville, and daughter of Arsic, Baron of 
 
 Cogges. I have lately met with his true bearing, and 
 therefore you will please to add it to your pedigree, in 
 case it be not there already (viz.) : Or, a chief indented 
 Sable. 
 
 I return to town on Saturday, and hope to receive 
 any further commands you have for me, or that I shall 
 soon have the pleasure of seeing you in Pall Mall. 
 Your most affectionate, &c, &c. C. Lyttelton. 
 
 MR. PELHAM TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Woburn Abbey, Monday Nigbt. 
 (September 11, 1749.) 
 
 Dear Sir, — I was extremely concerned to hear of 
 Lord Cobham's indisposition, but by your letter I flatter 
 mvself that there are great hopes of his recovery. Un- 
 doubtedly at his time of life these attacks are dangerous, 
 but I have myself known recoveries after many shocks 
 of this kind. We will endeavour to do our business as 
 well as we can without you, and if anything is neces- 
 sary to be signed, whilst two remain in London, we can 
 easily send a messenger down to you with the warrants 
 for your signature. 1 hope Lord Cobham will be so 
 well recovered by the next week that we may have the
 
 80 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1749. 
 
 pleasure of seeing you then in town ; but if not, I beg 
 you will not put yourself to any inconvenience, or make 
 yourself uneasy about it. I go to London to-morrow, 
 and shall see Mr. Lyttelton the next day, with whom 
 I will settle everything, as events shall happen. When 
 you have a proper opportunity, which I hope will be 
 soon, I beg you will make my compliments, and believe 
 me, &c, &c. H. Pelham. 
 
 THE HON.' GEORGE GRENVILLE TO THE HON. RICHARD 
 
 GRENVILLE-TEMPLE. 
 
 Upper Brook Street, September 24, ] 749. 
 
 Dear Brother, — I have taken care of all the letters 
 entrusted to me, and inclosed I send you Mr. Fisher's 
 answer to that which you wrote to him. 
 
 I took the first opportunity to speak to my mother 
 upon the subject of your intended application 2 , which 
 in general she approves of; but as far as it relates to 
 herself, she says she should be sorry anybody should 
 think her desirous of any step of this kind in any other 
 light than as the properest means of transferring it to 
 her children. I showed the copy of your letter to my 
 brother Jemmy and to Mr. Pitt, both of whom think it 
 very properly turned, but as the latter is very strongly 
 
 1 Sir Richard Temple, Lord Viscount Cobham, died on the 13th 
 instant, and his sister, Mrs. Grenville of Wotton, having succeeded, 
 by special remainder, to the title of Viscountess Cobham, her sons 
 were, consequently, entitled to the prefix of " Honourable:' For the 
 sake of brevity, this title having been once acknowledged, will, for the 
 future, be omitted. The eldest son of Viscountess Cobham adopted 
 the additional surname of Temple. 
 
 That their mother shold be created a Countess, with remainder 
 to her issue male.
 
 1749. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 81 
 
 of opinion that it ought to be asked without any pre- 
 vious intimation of it, or feeling the ground beforehand, 
 I have deferred doing more in it till I have further 
 directions, which I was the more inclined to wait for, 
 as Mr. Pitt told me that he and my brother Jemmy 
 are to be with you to-morrow, and you will then have 
 an opportunity of talking over the whole very fully with 
 them, for which purpose I have given to Mr. Pitt the 
 copy of your letter, and desired him to deliver this to 
 you, and if you will send me the result of your opinions 
 I will execute them directly. My wife desires her best 
 and kindest compliments to you and to my sister, with 
 which I join, and am, &c, &c. George Grenville. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE-TEMPLE TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Thursday, September 28, 1749. 
 
 Dear Brother, — I had the pleasure of meeting with 
 so strong an approbation of the step intended, and in so 
 many different lights, that I did not hesitate a moment 
 in sending you the letter which I was forced to trust to 
 hands a little uncertain, the post being gone out ; if you 
 received it, as I hope, last night, I imagine I may hear 
 some sort of answer by to-morrow's post, but if the 
 letter has miscarried I send you the inclosed, desiring 
 you to seal it, and deliver it as soon as may be. 
 
 With regard to the titles, Buckingham I cannot 
 depart from on any account, if it can be had, but I do 
 not find my affairs in a state to part with 700/. or 800/. 
 more for the difference of writing Temple as a title, 
 instead of it as a name. I think it is next to impossible 
 that what I ask should be refused ; but as nothing is 
 
 vol. i. c
 
 82 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1749. 
 
 quite impossible in the political world, I can only say, 
 I am very indifferent about the event as to my own 
 mind, in every light but that of being refused so errand 
 a trifle. 
 
 My love to your spouse ', and so adieu ! Pitt is in 
 raptures at Stowe. 
 
 Pray send me the inclosed back if you have delivered 
 the other. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE-TEMPLE. 
 
 Upper Brook Street, September 28, 1749. 
 I received your letter last night, dear Brother, and 
 in consequence of it, carried the letter inclosed in it to 
 the Duke of Newcastle 2 . I obeyed your directions, 
 and gave him your letter with very little introduction. 
 As soon as he had read it he expressed to me his desire 
 of doing anything to oblige you, in general terms, but 
 very strongly. I stated to him very shortly the nature 
 of the request 3 , and added some expressions to show 
 that I thought it of no great importance. After this, 
 many things passed between us which it is too long to 
 enter into the particular detail of till I see you, but the 
 conclusion was, that he desired me to assure you that 
 he would use his utmost endeavours that it may suc- 
 ceed according to your desire, that he would represent 
 it to the King in a day or two, and seemed not to doubt 
 
 1 Mr. Grenville had been recently married to Miss Elizabeth Wyud- 
 liam, the daughter of Sir William Wyndham, and granddaughter of 
 Charles, Duke of Somerset. 
 
 Thomas Holles-Pelham, Duke of Newcastle, at this time Secretary 
 of State. 
 
 As before stated, for a promotion in the peerage, in favour of Vis- 
 countess Cobham, their mother.
 
 1749. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 83 
 
 of its being complied with ; he asked me if he should 
 write to you to-night, or whether I would tell you how 
 earnest he would be in what might contribute to please 
 us, and that he would defer writing to you himself till 
 he could give you the King's answer, which he hoped 
 to do in two or three days. I left this to his choice, and 
 he desired me to make you his excuses to-night, and say 
 that he would write to you very soon. 
 
 Upon the whole, I look upon your application as com- 
 plied with, as far as His Grace can promise. He 
 talked as if he was to ask the King for the title of Earl 
 Cobham, which obliged me to say that the words refer- 
 ring to Lord Cobham in your letter did not intend that, 
 for I thought you was inclined to Buckingham ; he im- 
 mediately objected that it was already bestowed, which 
 I denied, but said I would leave that to be settled here- 
 after, if the rest was granted, but that no title should be 
 mentioned. 
 
 He then asked me whether you designed to include 
 in this all that are in the former limitation, that is to 
 
 say, Mr. L \ &c. I said that I apprehended your 
 
 letter did not apply for that, and I could say nothing 
 to it. This is the sum total of our conversation, which 
 was ended with many and the strongest assurances of 
 friendship and regard to us, by which I conclude that 
 you will not meet with much difficulty in the thing, but 
 perhaps you may in the name ; however, I would not 
 enter into that, as it seemed premature till the other 
 was settled. Adieu. George Grenville. 
 
 1 Mr. George Lyttelton, who was in remainder through his mother, 
 Christian Temple, to the titles enjoyed hy Lord Cohham on failure of 
 issue male of the elder sister, Hester Temple, now Viscountess Cohham. 
 
 G 2
 
 84 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1749. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE-TEMPLE TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 Stowe, Saturday, September 30, 1749. 
 
 My dear George, — I cannot tell you how much 
 pleased every one is here with the manner of His 
 Grace's proceeding, and how much good we promise 
 to our little society from this event, which the more it 
 has been sifted has appeared the more proper and expe- 
 dient in every light. We all take it for granted the 
 thing is done. I only write this to apprize you more 
 particularly about Buckingham, which is probably the 
 only difficulty remaining. If you are spoke to upon it, 
 I think it will be proper to mention the instance of 
 Devonshire and Exeter, supposing always, that if the 
 Heralds' Office was to be examined, there are a great 
 many more of the same examples ; next, to show the 
 extreme propriety of my having it, on account of the 
 real service it may do me in the borough l , and my 
 having the best estate in the county. Was it not for 
 the real service it will do me, I know no difference 
 whatever betwixt one form of letters and another, and 
 I am sure if I had had Buckingham, and Lord Ho- 
 bart 2 had applied for Buckinghamshire, I should not 
 have cared one tittle : however, when this has been in- 
 sisted upon and explained as far as is prudent and neces- 
 sary, we will not kick down an excellent pail of milk 
 by a wrong-headed obstinacy, but desire the title of 
 Countess Temple. If I have the King's consent by 
 to-morrow's post, I shall be in town on Tuesday in 
 
 1 Of Buckingham. 
 John, Lord Hobart, had been recently created Earl of Bucking- 
 hamshire.
 
 1749. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 85 
 
 order to wait upon the Duke of Newcastle on Wednes- 
 day, and pay my duty to the King on Thursday. I take 
 it for granted it is to be done forthwith, which gives the 
 greatest grace to it. 
 
 It will be proper to fix something exactly about Hetty 1 , 
 as it will be necessary to know what to call her, and I 
 should think the Heralds' Office would be the proper 
 place to send to even if she determines to go to Court ; 
 but I only mention this, leaving it to her to do as 
 she will, and so adieu ! with all our compliments to 
 Mrs. Grenville. 
 
 I wish you would employ anybody to search for prece- 
 dents in the Heralds' Office as soon as you hear of 
 the King's consent to the Earldom. I will write to Lyt- 
 telton about the limitations, which I think in no light 
 with the expense, but, above all not to fret the King, 
 who dislikes them, especially as Lyttelton has thoughts 
 of applying himself, some time or other, for a Peerage 2 . 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO MR. GRENVILLE-TEMPLE. 
 
 Claremont, September 30, 1 749. 
 Dear Sir, — I had the honour of your letter by Mr. 
 Grenville, and though I very sincerely condole with you 
 upon the death of poor Lord Cobham, I cannot but take 
 a very sensible part in the situation you are in, so agree- 
 able to your friends and servants, and so material and 
 
 1 When her mother was created a countess, her daughter would, of 
 course become, by courtesy, Lady Hester Grenville. 
 
 2 Lyttelton succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1751, and was 
 made a peer by the title of Baron Lyttelton, in November, 1756. 
 Horace Walpole says of him, that " his great ambition was to go to 
 Heaven in a coronet."
 
 Mi GltENVILLE PAPERS. 1749. 
 
 useful to the King and your country. I shall endeavour 
 to deserve the continuance of that friendship with which 
 you honour me, and I am very ready in this and in all 
 other instances to do my part in the manner and at the 
 time you desire it. 
 
 The request you make to the King of conferring a 
 further title upon your mother, to be limited afterwards 
 to you and your brothers, is undoubtedly a very natural 
 and reasonable one, and I hope and believe will meet 
 with no difficulty. The only thing I shall submit to you, 
 and that I shall leave entirely to your own determina- 
 tion, relates singly to the point of time 1 , whether it 
 mijjht not be as well to defer it 'till winter or some time 
 after the meeting of Parliament, as to propose it just 
 now, so soon after Lord Cobham's death and before you 
 have had an opportunity of appearing at Court. 
 
 I mention this purely for your own consideration, and 
 am ready to do in it just as you wish. I am the more 
 inclined to mention it, as the King has lately had a 
 good deal of solicitation about Peerages, &c, which in 
 three weeks or a month may be a little forgot. I beg 
 you would not misunderstand me ; your answer to this 
 letter shall determine me to do my best towards obtaining 
 what you propose, in the manner and at the time you 
 shall desire it. I hope to have the pleasure of seeing 
 you when you come to town, and will wait upon you as 
 soon as I know you are in London. The Duchess of 
 
 1 The application for the earldom was first made to the Duke of 
 Newcastle on the 28th instant ; and, considering that Lord Cobham 
 had died only on the 13th instant, it is not surprising that the Duke 
 should suggest the propriety of deferring it until a more convenient 
 season. Dodington has recorded, however, in his Diary, under the 
 date of October 15th, the following—" At Leicester House. The 
 Grenvilles presented for the title of Temple."
 
 1749. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 87 
 
 Newcastle ' and I join in our compliments to Mrs. 
 Grenville-Temple. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, very sincerely, 
 
 Your most affectionate humble Servant, 
 Holles Newcastle. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE-TEMPLE TO THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 
 
 Stowe, October 1, 1749. 
 My Lord, — Nothing can be more obliging than the 
 kind manner in which your Grace is pleased to answer 
 the letter I took the liberty to trouble you with, and 
 the readiness you are so good as to express, in laying 
 before His Majesty a request which you do me the great 
 honour not to think unfit. As to the time, since your 
 Grace seems to make some doubt upon that, I confess I 
 could wish that your Grace had taken me out of the 
 difficulty of deciding that, by determining the thing 
 yourself, because possibly some reasons for delay may 
 occur to your Grace of which I cannot be so proper a 
 judge ; but since you have had the extreme goodness to 
 leave me to chuse at what time I should wish an appli- 
 cation might be made to the King in my favour, upon a 
 matter which I have presumed to recommend to your 
 Grace's protection, I own every reason which I con- 
 ceived in my poor judgment to be strong ones, that led 
 me so soon to ask this favour, would determine me yet 
 more strongly to wish to receive this great mark of His 
 Majesty's condescension and goodness, and of your 
 Grace's countenance and friendship, as early as may be, 
 
 1 The Duchess of Newcastle was Lady Harriett, daughter of Francis, 
 Earl of Godolphin, and granddaughter of John, Duke of Marlborough.
 
 88 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1749. 
 
 and without drawing into the delays which sometimes 
 happen upon these occasions. Your Grace sees that I 
 have, in obedience to your commands, taken upon me 
 to chuse in a matter which I should most willingly have 
 submitted to your Grace, if your letter had given me to 
 understand that you yourself had laid any very great 
 stress upon any objections that may arise in point of 
 time. I trust that you will easily feel for me that the 
 grace and pleasure of these things depend so much upon 
 their being carried into execution before they become 
 the subject of discussion and conversation, that you will 
 forgive me for desiring to repeat my first request to you 
 as to time, as well as to the substance of the favour I 
 have presumed to ask. Mrs. Grenville-Temple desires 
 me to assure Lady Duchess of her most humble respects, 
 and your Grace may be very certain that I shall pay 
 mine to you the very moment I can come to town ; 
 being, with the greatest gratitude and respect, &c, &c. 
 
 Richard Grenville-Temple. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE-TEMPLE TO MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE. 
 
 October 3, 1749. 
 
 Dear Brother, — By this post I have time to send 
 
 you a copy of my last letter to the Duke of Newcastle, 
 
 which will inform you more precisely of our present 
 
 state : I likewise send you his. I believe somebody ' 
 
 is offended ; but when I recollect Legge and Campbell 2 
 
 on your account, and Mason 3 on my own, I think there 
 
 Mr. Pelham is, no doubt, here referred to. He probably thought 
 that the application should have been first made to him. 
 1 Le gge and Campbell were both in office at this time. 
 Probably Mason, the poet, for whom he had desired some prefer- 
 ment.
 
 1749. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 89 
 
 can be no real complaint that I have thought fit to apply 
 where I have always met with most favour. As to 
 Buckingham, if you find that nail will not drive, let us 
 resort to Temple immediately, as Temple will appear 
 most decent to the world, and justify the more strongly 
 this early application ; besides, if the disposition of ob- 
 structing remains, this will be a handle for a longer 
 delay, and Buckingham may hereafter be a pretence for 
 a further step. In my last letter, I rather desired you 
 would defer your journey hither, but as you will be the 
 best judge whether this matter will be settled so soon as 
 to require me to be in town Tuesday or Wednesday in 
 the next week, you will take your own measures accord- 
 ingly, remembering that Monday remains the day fixed 
 for the ancient and loyal, unless I change it upon this 
 account, and the quarter sessions I had forgot. 
 
 I think it not in the least likely that I should be in 
 town before Tuesday or Wednesday, and if this meets 
 with further delays, I shall be very cavalier indeed 
 about it, though I shall not think I have the least 
 reason to complain of the Duke of Newcastle ; on the 
 contrary, every reason to be satisfied. 
 
 MR. GEORGE GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE-TEMPLE. 
 
 Upper Brook Street, October 3, 1749. 
 
 Dear Brother, — Mr. Lloyd delivered to me your 
 letter of Saturday, and I received yesterday that which 
 you put into the post at Aylesbury : as mine came safe I 
 hope the Duke of Newcastle has received that which 
 you wrote to him at the same time, and if so, he may 
 speak to the King in consequence of it to-day.
 
 00 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1749. 
 
 I have been this morning with Mr. Pelham, in order 
 to remove any difficulties that might arise from his not 
 havino- been informed of it sooner. I found him but 
 just arrived from Greenwich, and extremely engaged, 
 so that I had but very little time to speak to him. I 
 told him that you had directed me to communicate to 
 him the request that you had desired the Duke of New- 
 castle to lay before the King, and that you flattered 
 yourself with having his assistance in obtaining that 
 mark of the King's favour. He seemed not to know 
 what it was, but when I had told it him, asked me why 
 vou should wish it so soon, as no Government would 
 long refuse it to you. I repeated to him the reasons 
 you mention in your letter to the Duke of Newcastle, 
 and he concluded with saying, to be sure, he wished you 
 success in everything you desired. It was so late before 
 
 1 could see him, that I could not hope to see the Duke 
 of Newcastle to-day if I had gone to him. I propose 
 waiting upon His Grace to-morrow morning, and if he 
 tells me that he has spoken, and that the King has con- 
 sented to it, I will delay my journey, as I take it for 
 granted he will have informed you of it by to-night's 
 post ; but if nothing has been done in it, I will keep 
 my purpose, and you may depend upon seeing me on 
 Thursday morning, for I should be very sorry to put 
 off my journey unnecessarily, as everything is fixed for 
 it, and it will be very difficult for me to make it the 
 week after. Before I received your letter I had sent to 
 Mr. Mason, and promised to bring him down with me. 
 If you do not receive the account of its being done by 
 to-night's post, you cannot hear of it before Friday or 
 Sunday evening, and the utmost of my stay cannot ex- 
 ceed Monday, because there are none of the Treasury
 
 1749. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 91 
 
 but Mr. Pelham and myself in town; it would, there- 
 fore, be only shortening my stay a day or two, if you 
 should set out as soon as you hear it is done, and we 
 might come to town together. I am in a great hurry, 
 so adieu, my dear Brother. George Grenville. 
 
 Norbonne Berkeley ' is better, and I believe will 
 recover. 
 
 VISCOUNT COBHAM 2 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Stowe, November 26, 1749. 
 Dear Brother, — Having left no orders for my votes 
 to be sent to me, I know not the least in the world how 
 Master Speaker and his boys go on, nor should I be at 
 all inquisitive about it, were it not that I have so many 
 friends on one side of the school for whom I interest 
 myself, and therefore would not willingly be absent on 
 any day when the two armies are likely to engage at 
 all in earnest ; if they, those patriot placemen of op- 
 position, continue as contemptible as they were when I 
 left them in town, as I wish them, and as I think they 
 will be at least all this session, perhaps I might be at 
 liberty to indulge myself in a thousand schemes which I 
 have here, some tending to pleasure, others to profit. 
 
 1 Norbonne Berkeley, M.P. for Gloucestershire. Pie was the son 
 of John Berkeley, Esq., by Viscountess Hereford. He claimed, and 
 established his right to the Barony of Botetourt, in 1764, and was 
 subsequently appointed Governor of Virginia, when Sir Jeffery Am- 
 herst was displaced from that office, in 1768. He died in 1776. The 
 Barony of Botetourt is now merged in the Dukedom of Beaufort. 
 
 2 Upon bis motber being created Countess Temple, Richard Grenville 
 assumed the courtesy title of Viscount Cobham, and Mr. George 
 Grenville will, in future, be styled Mr. Grenville.
 
 92 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1749. 
 
 If there is a man of candour and veracity in the world, 
 all the honest-hearted women of London, of which 
 there is such plenty, all, all cry out, and always have 
 cried out, why it is good Mr. George Grenville : why 
 then, if it is good Mr. George Grenville, perhaps he 
 will tell me very ingenuously, and as nakedly as his 
 modesty will permit him, when, from the general opinion 
 and appearance of things, such business is likely to 
 come on, as an honest independent courtier may not be 
 ashamed to come to town for, such for example as the 
 reduction of the interest, or any plan of government to 
 which any reasonable, or considerable, or troublesome 
 opposition, is likely to be made. I do not mean to 
 expect that you should be a sorcerer, and dive a hun- 
 dred fathom deep into the heart and plans of our great 
 cousin, the man mountain, but I mean that you should 
 tell me what I think I was at all times able to tell a 
 Denton or a Lowndes, which is when they would be 
 wanted, and how long in all probability. I did swear by 
 the French play, that play which has been so much 
 sworn at, that I would be in town ready to get my teeth 
 knocked down my throat by Monday next ; and in per- 
 formance of that solemn oath, I am ready to set out, 
 
 unless I can be absolved by Pope P thoroughly, 
 
 entirely, and without repining. Shall I, in that case, 
 if I obtain not absolution, come with bag and baggage ? 
 — that, that 's the question. Must I, that is should I, for 
 what I should I must, stay in town one week, two weeks 
 or three, and eris mihi Magnus Apollo 1 , greater than 
 Pitt, or Jemmy, to whom I scorn to write upon this 
 
 1 " If Mr. Home answers this letter handsomely, and in point, he 
 shall be my great Apollo." 
 
 Junius — Private Note (No. 37) to Woodfall.
 
 1749-50. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 93 
 
 occasion, that Pitt, who has an Enfield of his own 
 within an hour of town, and never feels for the unfloated 
 bowling-greens of others, who has determined with his 
 deputy to withdraw all advice and correspondence from 
 me upon that head. I say I scorn to ask of them 
 what I am to do ; but do you, to whose sage counsel 
 I have referred the linen and the chariot, tell me what 
 in fitness, decency, and decorum, I am to do : upon your 
 veto I give up all thoughts of delay, but with your 
 consent I shall indulge myself as long as I may in this 
 world, ready to change it for a better like a good 
 Christian when I must, and not 'till then. 
 
 A thousand thanks to the Earl of Buckinghamshire 
 for the letter \ which will save me ten guineas, as well 
 as prevent my setting a bad example, and so, with com- 
 pliments to my sister, I am, &c, &c. Cobham. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Pay Office, January 20, 1749-50. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — It is with much concern that I 
 hear the waters do not continue to agree with Mrs. 
 Grenville as they promised to do at first. I have almost 
 experience enough of the Bath waters to be a physician 
 with regard to them, and as such, I advise Mrs. Gren- 
 ville to discontinue them a little, and try them again 
 in small quantities, and with some corrective adapted to 
 her case, before she entirely gives up the use of them. 
 I have done what I advise, many times, and with great 
 benefit. 
 
 I should not take it ill if you was to call in some other 
 
 1 A hint about the peerage fees.
 
 94 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1749-50. 
 
 of the faculty, and I will add, that notwithstanding all 
 the opinion I have of Duncan ', there are certainly at 
 Bath men more knowing in all the various effects of 
 those waters, and the several ways of qualifying them, 
 according to the inconvenience they occasion, than he 
 can possibly be. I hope you and Mrs. Grenville will 
 pardon this officiousness, and perhaps take my advice. 
 News, I have none to tell you ; when we meet, we shall 
 have, no doubt, matter to quid nunc upon. The Mutiny 
 Bill at present employs all our time, and all our rhetoric 
 on all sides. We fought the Oath of Secrecy yesterday : 
 the requisition to disclose is now placed in the Courts of 
 Justice. The next point will be the revision, and Tuesday 
 the day for it. I hope you both find Bath not void of 
 amusements, and that virtu contributes its part towards 
 it. Whenever you return, I believe you will find us idle 
 enough, all prospect of great attacks being over. Adieu, 
 dear Grenville, and believe me, very affectionately yours, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Pay Office, January 25, 1749-50. 
 Late as it is, and tired as I am with the Mutiny Bill, 
 which we have just finished in the Committee, I can't 
 forbear taking this post to return a thousand thanks for 
 the honour and pleasure of a joint letter I received from 
 Bath. To begin, the first, as in duty bound, with the 
 lady, my patient, I will own that, however vain I might 
 be of my skill in physic, I did not expect to be feed so 
 
 An eminent physician. He was created a baronet in August, 1764. 
 Sir William Duncan married Lady Mary Tufton, eldest daughter of 
 SaekvilK Earl of Thanet. He died in September. 1774.
 
 1749-50. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 95 
 
 infinitely higher than the most eminent of the profession, 
 by the honour of some lines from Mrs. Grenville's own 
 fair hands. The fee, indeed, would have risen in its 
 value if these lines had given a better account of her 
 health; but though they are short in that respect, yet 
 they speak such good spirits that I will hope perfect re- 
 covery can't be far off. I wish extremely I could, in 
 obedience to her commands, send any receipt for the 
 immediate attainment of it ; I should be not a little 
 glad if I could but help her to any one for high dice, 
 and the poultry-yard in consequence of it ; but till I can 
 teach blind chance to see and discern those she ought 
 to favour, (which, though an excellent physician, I am 
 not oculist good enough to do,) I can promise no kind 
 of assistance. 
 
 I now come to my dear Mr. Grenville, but will not 
 detain him with much discourse. What you heard about 
 the Mutiny Bill is in fact this. The exception to the 
 Oath of Secrecy is now declared to be, the case of a 
 requisition of any Court of Justice to give evidence re- 
 lating to a sentence of a Court Martial. The Attorney 
 moved it ; the Solicitor spoke for it ; my Lord Cobham 
 declared for it, and in a manner that did him credit. 
 It was opposed (properly speaking) by none, but 
 disrelished by many ; more of this when we meet. 
 
 I will be sure to take care of you Monday next. The 
 post is going, so adieu ! It is impossible to be more 
 sensible than I am of the manner in which you and Mrs. 
 Grenville are so good to accept my most sincere wishes 
 for your health and happiness. W. Pitt.
 
 90 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1752. 
 
 GEORGE, PRINCE OP WALES ', TO VISCOUNT COBHAM. 
 
 Leicester House, April 26, 1750. 
 My Lord, — I am obliged to you for your affectionate 
 expressions of concern for my misfortune in losing the 
 best of fathers. 
 
 Your attachment to me gives me great pleasure ; and 
 I am, with great regard, George P. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO VISCOUNT COBHAM. 
 
 Paultons, July 13, 1752. 
 It was not fraternal fondness nor any such low motive 
 that excited my epistolary ardour in writing to you from 
 London, but since the purest actions of my life are fated 
 to undergo the worst interpretations that friend or 
 enemy can put upon them, I shall submit to my hard 
 fortune, and persist in being what my new acquaint- 
 ance Martinelli calls himself — a malheureux honnete 
 homme. I wish it was in my power to give you satis- 
 faction, in making an ample description of the circum- 
 stances which attended the late fire at Lincoln's Inn 2 . 
 As Virgil, Tasso, Dante, and Ovid in his conflagration 
 of the world, had succeeded with so much general 
 applause in those animated descriptions of fire, I chose 
 to leave untouched a part of poetry in which I despaired 
 of beating my rivals, and I shall still continue in the 
 
 1 Afterwards King George the Third. Frederick, Prince of Wales, 
 died on the 20th of March. 
 
 '■ Numbers 10 and 11, in Lincoln's Inn New Square. The fire 
 happened on the 27th of June, and broke out in the chambers of Mr. 
 Wilbraham, about one in the morning.
 
 1752. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 97 
 
 same modest diffidence of my own force : unless you 
 insist upon my taking down the lyre and giving you a 
 specimen of my genius. 
 
 I must indeed confess that I ought to have been more 
 exact in what relates to your deeds. Not a syllable of 
 any other paper belonging to you was affected by those 
 flames than what perished in the counterpart of your 
 marriage settlement. 
 
 Perhaps it would have been better fortune to you 
 if they too had suffered, as the destruction of deeds by 
 such fires always serves to make good the titles of those 
 estates, which the subsistence of them frequently invali- 
 dates. There was an Act of Parliament for making 
 good the deeds that perished in the Temple fire. 
 There will be one next sessions for those which were 
 destroyed in this. If I was too inaccurate in the cir- 
 cumstances of a calamity which affected you, perhaps 
 you have been as little accurate in one that may affect 
 me. You talk of leaving Stowe and going into North- 
 amptonshire, but not one word about the time when, 
 which, nevertheless, is a circumstance which it much 
 imports me to know ; and I do humbly implore your 
 goodness to let me be fully apprized of that circum- 
 stance, forthwith the whirl of my motions being to de- 
 pend much thereupon. 
 
 I suppose you know with what danger and difficulty 
 Mr. Yorke ' escaped from the fire. J. G. 
 
 1 Mr. Charles Yorke, second son of the Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, 
 was the principal sufferer in this calamity. He not only very narrowly 
 escaped with his life, but the whole of his library of books, manuscripts, 
 and papers, were entirely destroyed, including the valuable state papers 
 of his great uncle, Lord Somers, which having recently come into 
 possession of the Hardwicke family, had been deposited in Mr. Yorke's 
 chambers. Lord Hardwicke has given an animated description of the 
 
 VOL. I. H
 
 98 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1752. 
 
 MRS. FORTESCUE ' TO MR, GRENVILLE. 
 
 Ebringto'n, October 18, 1752. 
 
 Sir, — I should have acknowledged the receipt of your 
 letter sooner had not the purport of it 2 for some time 
 absolutely incapacitated me from setting about anything. 
 
 I had indeed lived with my dear Lady Temple for a 
 long series of time in an uninterrupted course of friend- 
 ship, a happiness few enjoy, as there are but very few 
 that are fashioned with those lasting- materials that are 
 requisite to constitute a true friend : she was possessed 
 of every quality that could possibly make her a most 
 valuable treasure to her friends, but this is a subject I 
 cannot long dwell on, tears fall so fast that I can see 
 no light. I condole with you all, and shall as long as I 
 live love you all, and consequently interest myself in 
 whatever relates to the children of my dear Lady Tem- 
 ple, whose virtues I shall not take upon me to enumerate 
 to you, but give me leave to indulge in the mention of 
 what among other beauties of the mind I have often 
 admired in her, viz., that she had joined to a most mas- 
 culine understanding all the compassionate, tender, 
 gentle softness of her own sex, without any of those 
 trifling opiniatreties about peccadillos which are so fre- 
 quently seen amongst the generality of our sex ; but I 
 ought to consider who I am writing to, and that in 
 dwelling on the value of what we have lost, I may make 
 wounds still green bleed afresh: I will therefore only 
 
 fire, in a letter to the Duke of Newcastle, which is printed in Harris's 
 Life of Lord Hardwicke, vol. ii. p. 466. Among the title deeds lost 
 were all those belonging to Lord Leigh's estate. 
 1 See ante, page 15, note. 
 The announcement of the death of his mother, the Countess 
 Temple, which happened on the 7th of October.
 
 1752. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 99 
 
 thank you for your goodness in preventing my abrupt 
 hearing of the melancholy news of my dear friend's 
 death, for this I shall always acknowledge as a great 
 mark of your good nature and feeling disposition. 
 
 I heartily wish you and your amiable lady a long 
 course of health and happiness, and am, 
 
 Sir, &c, &c. 
 
 Lu. FORTESCUE. 
 
 My kind compliments wait on Lady Esther, and Lord 
 and Lady Temple. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, November 16, 1752. 
 Dear Sir, — I wish extremely that it had been in my 
 power to be the bearer myself of a thousand very sincere 
 thanks for vour oblioino- invitation to Wotton, but I find 
 my health, though very much mended, stands in need of 
 as long a course of these waters as I can take, before 
 neccssarv business of office will call me to town : which 
 leaves me no time for the pleasure of waiting on you, 
 at Wotton the dry, whose paths of pleasantness I should 
 be happy to tread. Don't imagine that I intend, by the 
 epithet dry, to be flippant upon the cleanness of your 
 walks ; having experienced the merits of the soil in 
 the autumnal season oftentimes, to my great satisfac- 
 tion : but a propos of clay, J. Pitt 1 , that great master, 
 (together with his journeyman Hoare 2 ,) lives in clay up 
 to the elbows ; and I think with great success : the 
 
 1 See ante, page 00, note. 
 
 2 A sculptor at Bath, brother of Hoare the painter. He was now 
 employed upon a marble monument to the memory of Captain Thomas 
 Grenville. 
 
 H 2
 
 100 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1752. 
 
 model of the figure is almost done, and promises to be 
 a very good one. The monumental part of the design, 
 1 find, upon examination, not to be so contracted in 
 depth, as to make any saving in solid marble ; on the 
 contrary, there will be more contents of marble. This 
 we have gone over very minutely ; though this at first 
 hearing must appear a little extraordinary, it will soon 
 be explained by one consideration, which is this : the 
 two feet reduced of the depth, are saved in that part 
 which would have been let into the wall : by this means 
 the profile of the monument, projecting forward from 
 the line of the church wall will be full as deep as it 
 would have been in the other design ; and no light 
 being left between the columns and the back of the 
 edifice, the profile comes to take up more marble, by 
 being made solid. 
 
 Perhaps I am about as clear as the Doctor in Mo- 
 Here, tout cela fait, que votre fille est muette : but when 
 it is properly explained to you, you will be satisfied as 
 we are, that the thing is so. The sum of our calcu- 
 lations therefore is that the trophies being restored ac- 
 cording to your desire, the other savings in the work 
 may stand against the increased quantity of marble ; and 
 that the extraordinary consumption of time taken up 
 in modelling, and dancing after my friend Jack, being 
 brought into consideration, Mr. Hoare's proposal of no 
 abatement is not unreasonable. I thought I owed it to 
 Hoare, to say this after having expressed another opi- 
 nion in a former letter to vou. 
 
 I beg my humblest compliments to Lady Hester and 
 Mrs. Grenville. W. Pitt.
 
 1753. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 101 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Monday, March 19, 1753. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I remain under so great uneasiness 
 with regard to the part you shall determine to take 
 upon the Duke of Bedford's question ', that I cannot 
 help presuming on your friendship and infinite goodness 
 to me, so far as to trouble you upon it. If you should 
 entertain any thought of supporting or going with the 
 question, give me leave, my dear Lord, to implore you 
 to lay it aside, as I am deeply persuaded that nothing 
 could be so fatal to me and to all our views, so nothing 
 imaginable could give me a concern equal to seeing your 
 Lordship take such a step. I need a thousand pardons 
 for this liberty, and I trust your kind and affectionate 
 friendship has them to bestow upon the man who loves 
 you with the most warm and tender friendship. 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 If you will call in this evening, the satisfaction to my 
 mind will be infinite. 
 
 1 The question alluded to was the motion intended to be made on 
 the following Thursday, in the House of Lords, by the Duke of Bed- 
 ford, to have all the papers laid before the House relative to the 
 charge of Jacobitism, made by Lord Ravens worth on the authority of 
 a lawyer named Fawcett, against the Bishop of Gloucester, Stone, 
 sub-preceptor to the Prince of Wales, and Murray the Solicitor General. 
 Mr. Pitt's intreaties show the part which Lord Temple was inclined to 
 take upon this question, and they appear to have had sufficient weight 
 to have prevented his giving any support to the Duke of Bedford's 
 motion, either by speaking or voting. In fact, only four lords accom- 
 panied the Duke below the bar, consequently there was no division, 
 and the motion was negatived.
 
 102 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 MR. POTTER 1 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Friday Night, January 11, 1754. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I took the liberty of leaving my name 
 at Lord Temple's door this morning, and depend upon 
 your favour to inform him that my principal business in 
 town was to desire his assistance towards the nomination 
 of Mr. Wilkes 2 as High Sheriff of Bucks. You have 
 been so good as to give me leave to rest that business 
 in your hands. Lady Packing-ton's' steward goes down 
 to Aylesbury on Monday, and has received orders to 
 engage her tenants in my interest singly, the name of 
 Wilkes being too well remembered at Worcester to be 
 entitled to any favour from the Tories of that county. 
 
 While I am writing, I receive an account that Lord 
 Temple has a tenant at Ashendon named Bates, a 
 Quaker preacher. There is in Aylesbury but one 
 
 1 Thomas, second son of John Potter, Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 He was a barrister-at-law of the Inner Temple, and Recorder of Bath. 
 He came into Parliament at the general election in 1747, for St. Ger- 
 mans, and at that time he was Secretary to the Princess of Wales. 
 Horace Walpole, writing to Sir Horace Mann, in November of that 
 year, mentions him as a youug man of great pi-omise — " The world is 
 already matching him against Mr. Pitt." His subsequent career, how- 
 ever, did not correspond with these anticipations. He was M.P. for 
 Aylesbury in 1754, and afterwards sat for Oakhampton. He held the 
 oihces of Joint Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, and Paymaster of the Forces. 
 He inherited a very large property from his father, amounting, it was 
 said, to at least 70,0002. He died at his seat called Ridgmont, in 
 Bedfordshire, June 17, 1759. 
 
 John Wilkes, so often to be mentioned hereafter in these volumes, 
 was probably indebted to Potter for his introduction to Earl Temple, 
 with whom he subsequently became so intimately acquainted. 
 
 The manor of Aylesbury, and considerable property there, formerly 
 belonged to the Pakington family of Westwood, in Worcestershire, 
 from whom it was purchased by George, Marquess of Buckingham.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 103 
 
 Quaker, named Edmunds ; I have reason to think he 
 is well inclined to me, but Bates, I am told, can make 
 him warmer in his zeal. If there is the shadow of a 
 reason against Lord Temple's laying his commands 
 upon Bates, I beg he would not undertake it. If there 
 is no reason against it, Lord Temple has already been 
 so good, that when I show him how it is in his power, 
 I know I need not ask him to serve me. 
 
 I set out to-morrow morning for Bath. Should any 
 incidents arise which would make my attendance in 
 London proper, I presume to depend on your friendship 
 for a hint. I am, with the greatest truth, 
 
 Your faithful and obliged Friend and Servant, 
 
 Thos. Potter. 
 
 ^MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, January 29, 1754. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — You would have been troubled 
 with a letter from me, in consequence of my commission 
 to Mr. Hoare, if I had not hoped to have made my 
 report to you in person long ago ; but gout, and much 
 proper pain in both feet, has prevented, and lameness 
 still prevents, my return to town. 
 
 I conclude you have already received a petition from 
 Mr. Hoare, praying farther time ; indeed it is a very 
 necessary request, however unjustifiable the cause of the 
 necessity may be. I found, when I came here, the 
 architectural part of your brother's monument a good 
 deal advanced ; but the principal thing, the figure, not 
 only not begun, but the second model, which he had 
 designed to work from, by no means without great objec-
 
 104 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754- 
 
 tions to it. His brother, the painter, who interests him- 
 self much for the excellence of the thing, has made 
 several designs of a figure, and particularly one which 
 seems to me to have great merit. It is simple, graceful, 
 and in the manner of the ancients, though the drapery- 
 be modern, and, above all, it has a happy expression 
 in the attitude. This is to be the model for the statue ; 
 but your patience is like to be thoroughly tried, for a 
 twelvemonth or more will be the least time necessary 
 to allow the sculptor, with any hopes of the statue 
 coming out not quite unworthy the noble subject. I 
 need not say how much I long to be amongst you. I 
 am sorry to see, every post, in the papers, that there 
 are so many public reasons to make me impatient till I 
 see my friends, besides the many private ones that always 
 make me wish myself in Upper Brook Street. 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. POTTER TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, February 8, 1754. 
 Dear Sir, — Mr. Pitt tells me that there is an oppor- 
 tunity to congratulate you. I am fond of all such 
 opportunities, and therefore it is no wonder if I em- 
 brace the present. I wish, indeed, it were less compli- 
 cated in its nature, and the removal of anxiety had less 
 share in the occasion of rejoicing, but since occasions 
 of condolence will happen, may they ever end in con- 
 gratulations. Your two bovs have been dangferouslv ill, 
 and are perfectly recovered. I know how much you 
 and Mrs. Grenville have suffered while they were ill, not 
 to feel with you upon the re-establishment of their 
 health.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 105 
 
 I am interested in all that concerns you ; and when 
 I say you, I take the liberty to consider Mrs. Grenville 
 in the good old sense, as bone of her husband's bone. 
 May those bones long continue united, and may all that 
 springs from them be an increase of your mutual hap- 
 piness. 
 
 Receive the old-fashioned wishes of an old-fashioned 
 heart. Mr. Pitt has had a smart fit of the gout : this, 
 I doubt not, he has told you : but perhaps he has not 
 informed you that he is the picture of health. I hope 
 he is not a hypocrite. You will expect to hear some- 
 thing of myself, but as I can give you no accounts that 
 will please you, I will only say that I propose being in 
 town in about ten days, with an intention to return 
 hither as soon as the elections are over. 
 
 Thos. Potter. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, March 6, 1754. 
 Dear Grenville, — The post of this day has brought 
 a much worse account of Mr. Pelham than your letter 
 which had given me much uneasiness. I am infinitely 
 concerned at the state of his health. I hope, however, 
 there is room to think that he may be safe from any 
 present danger, as he began to mend. I am myself still 
 suffering much pain, under the third attack of the gout 
 in both feet. I am indeed much out of order, and worn 
 down with pain and confinement : this gout which I 
 trusted to relieve me has almost subdued me : I am the 
 horse in the fable, non equitem dorso, non fraenum de- 
 pulit ore. I must, however, endeavour to look forward
 
 106 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 to ease and health in reversion, and support myself as 
 I can. Mr. Pelham's illness fills me with infinite con- 
 cern. I hope this will find Mrs. Grenville perfectly well 
 of her cold. I desire my humblest compliments to her, 
 my very affectionate remembrance to Lord Temple : I 
 don't trouble him with the repetition of my pains and 
 miseries. I am, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO SIR GEORGE LYTTELTON AND THE GRENVILLE 
 
 BROTHERS. 
 
 March 7, 1754. 
 
 My dearest Friends, — The shock of Mr. Pelham's 
 death has affected me so powerfully, as not to leave me 
 in a proper condition to write. I am sensibly touched 
 with his loss, as of a man, upon the whole, of a most 
 amiable composition : his loss as a minister is utterly 
 irreparable, in such circumstances as constitute the pre- 
 sent dangerous conjuncture for this country, both at home 
 and abroad. But as I am unable to write long, as well 
 as that generals, in the present exigency, are unavailing, 
 and can, at best, unburden an oppressed mind, I will 
 contract my thoughts to the consideration of the dis- 
 tressful state of thing's, looking forward for the resources 
 that may be left for this country, instead of wandering 
 into regrets, which a full heart is apt to do. 
 
 I will offer to the consideration of my friends but 
 two things : the object to be wished for, the public ; 
 and the means ; which the object itself seems to sug- 
 gest ; for the pursuit of it, my own object for the public, 
 is, to support the King in quiet as long as he may have 
 to live ; and to strengthen the hands of the Princess of
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 107 
 
 Wales, as much as may be, in order to maintain her 
 power in the Government, in case of the misfortune of 
 the King's demise. The means, as I said, suggest them- 
 selves : an union of all those in action who are really 
 already united in their wishes as to the object : this 
 might easily be effected, but it is my opinion, it will 
 certainly not be done. 
 
 As to the nomination of a Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer, Mr. Fox l in point of party, seniority in the 
 Corps, and I think ability for Treasury and House of 
 Commons business, stands, upon the whole, first of any. 
 
 Doctor Lee 2 if his health permits is Papabilis, and in 
 some views very desirable. Te Quinte Catule, my dear 
 George Grenville, would be my nomination. 
 
 A fourth idea I will mention, which if practicable, 
 and w r orth the person's while, might have great strength 
 and efficiency for Government in it, and be perfectly 
 adapted to the main future contingent object, could it be 
 tempered so as to reconcile the Whigs to it : I mean to 
 secularise, if I may use the expression, the Solicitor Ge- 
 neral 3 , and make him Chancellor of the Exchequer. I 
 
 1 Henry Fox, afterwards Lord Holland. He was at this time Secre- 
 tary at War. 
 
 2 Dr. Lee was Treasurer of the Household to the Princess of Wales. 
 He was afterwards Dean of the Arches, and a Judge of the Prerogative 
 Court. He died in December, 1758. Horace Walpole mentions Lee 
 at this time, as " an unexceptionable man, sensible, of good character, 
 the ostensible favourite of the Princess, and obnoxious to no set of 
 men : for though he changed ridiculously quick on the Prince's death, 
 yet as everybody changed with him, it offended nobody; and what is a 
 better reason for promoting him now, it would offend nobody to turn 
 him out again." 
 
 3 It is now well known that the operation proposed by Mr. Pitt 
 would have been by no means agreeable to the subject of it, for of all 
 men who had arrived at a certain eminence in the law, Murray at least 
 was one who had resolved to rise by his profession alone. He loved
 
 108 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 call this an idea only ; but I think it not visionary, were 
 it accompanied by proper temperaments. I write these 
 thoughts for Lord Temple, his brothers' and Sir George 
 
 his profession, and had pursued it with more than the usual ardour 
 and success of his persevering countrymen. Lord Campbell says, that 
 " from a high feeling that his destiny called him to reform the juris- 
 prudence of his country, he sincerely and ardently desired to be placed 
 on the Bench, and the special object of his ambition was, to be Chief 
 Justice of England, with a peerage All impartial ob- 
 servers declare that he invariably refused to go out of his profession for 
 any promotion." — Lord Campbell's Lives of the Chief Justices, vol. ii. 
 p. 380. Only two years later, with what determination did Murray, 
 when Attorney General, resist the splendid offers of the Duke of 
 Newcastle, who, to suit the purposes of the moment, and to retain his 
 services in the House of Commons, tempted him with almost unlimited 
 terms : the Duchy of Lancaster for life ; tellerships and reversions ; 
 a pension of six thousand a year, &c : but Murray was not to be bought : 
 he meant to rise by his profession : he was Attorney General, and he 
 ivould succeed to the vacant Chief Justiceship. If he were not to be 
 Chief Justice, he would not remain Attorney, and he would not accept 
 the former without the peerage in addition. Lord Chancellor Hard- 
 wicke, who did not desire the rivalship of Murray in the House of 
 Peers, encouraged the hesitation of the Duke of Newcastle ; but Murray 
 was determined, and the result is well known. How little likely is it, 
 therefore, that even when only Solicitor General he should have con- 
 sented to Mr. Pitt's idea of secularization. It is interesting to specu- 
 late upon Mr. Pitt's motives for this proposition. It would not have 
 removed Murray from the House of Commons, and therefore he would 
 still have remained a rival orator. Did Mr. Pitt shadow forth a 
 peerage and the Treasury for himself, or was it to prevent the ascendancy 
 of Fox ? The Duke of Newcastle might remain Secretary of State : 
 Fox, Murray, Dr. Lee, or George Grenville, might be Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, but who was to be First Lord of the Treasury? It is evi- 
 dent from the correspondence between Pitt, the Duke of Newcastle, 
 and Lord Hardwicke, that the former was bitterly disappointed at the 
 ministerial arrangements which were subsequently made, and in which 
 he was not included, nor even consulted. He remained only Paymaster 
 of the Forces. The cause assigned in reply to his complaints was, the 
 continued disinclination of the King to admit Pitt to any office which 
 should require his personal communication with the sovereign ; but 
 that in some measure to soothe his disappointment, several of his 
 friends, such as Mr. George Grenville, Sir George Lyttelton. Mr. 
 Legge, &c., had been promoted to offices in the Administration.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 109 
 
 Lyttelton's consideration only, or rather as a communi- 
 cation of my first thoughts, upon an emergency that has 
 too much importance and delicacy, as well as danger in 
 it, to whoever delivers their opinion freely, to be im- 
 parted any farther. 
 
 I am utterly unable to travel, nor can guess when I 
 shall be able : this situation is most unfortunate. I am 
 overpowered with gout, rather than relieved, but expect 
 to be better for it. My dear friends over-rate infi- 
 nitely the importance of my health, were it established : 
 something I might weigh in such a scale as the present, 
 but vou, who have health to act, cannot fail to weio-h 
 much, if united in views. 
 
 I will join you the first moment I am able, for letters 
 cannot exchange one's thoughts upon matters so compli- 
 cated, extensive, and delicate. 
 
 I don't a little wonder I have had no express from 
 another quarter. 
 
 I repeat again, that what I have said are the break- 
 ings of first thoughts, to be confined to you four ; and 
 the looseness, and want of form in them, to be ; I trust, 
 excused in consideration of the state of mind and body of 
 
 Your ever most affectionate, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 As nothing is so delicate and dangerous, as every 
 word uttered upon the present unexplained state of 
 things, I mean unexplained, as to the King's inclina- 
 tions towards Mr. Fox, and his real desire to have his 
 own act of Regency as it is called, maintained in the 
 hands of the Princess ; too much caution, reserve, and 
 silence cannot be observed towards any who come to 
 fish or sound your dispositions, without authority to 
 make direct propositions. If eyes are really turned
 
 110 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 towards any connection of men, as a resource against 
 dangers apprehended, that set of men cannot, though 
 willing, answer the expectation without countenance, 
 and additional consideration and weight added to them, 
 by marks of Royal favour, one of the connection put 
 into the Cabinet, and called to a real participation of 
 councils and business. How our little connection has 
 stood at all, under all depression and discountenance, or 
 has an existence in the eyes of the public, I don't un- 
 derstand : that it should continue to do so, without an 
 attribution of some new strength and consideration, 
 arising from a real share in Government, I have dif- 
 ficulty to believe. 
 
 I am, however, resolved to listen to no suggestions of 
 certain feelings, however founded, but to go as straight 
 as my poor judgment will direct me, to the sole object of 
 public good. 
 
 I don't think quitting of offices at all advisable, for 
 public or private accounts : but as to answering any 
 further purposes in the House of Commons, that must 
 depend on the King's will and pleasure to enable us so 
 to do. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 (March 7, 1754.) 
 My dear Lord, — I return my answer to Jemmy's and 
 Sir George's dispatch directed to you, and accompany 
 it with this line to give you my apprehensions of Sir 
 George's want of discretion and address, in such sound- 
 ings as will be, and have been, made upon him, with 
 regard to the disposition of his friends.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. Ill 
 
 I beg your Lordship will be so good to convene your 
 brothers and Sir George, and communicate my letter 
 to them, which is addressed to you jointly. It is a most 
 untoward circumstance that I cannot set out immediately 
 to join you. I am extremely crippled and worn down 
 with pain, which still continues. I make what efforts I 
 can, and am carried out to breathe a little air. I write 
 this hardly legible scrawl in my chaise. 
 
 Let me recommend to my dear Lord to preach pru- 
 dence and reserve to our friend Sir George, and if he 
 can, to inspire him with his own. 
 
 I heard some time since that the Princess inquired 
 after my health : an honour which I received with much 
 pleasure, as not void, perhaps, of some meaning. 
 
 I have writ more to-day than my weak state, under 
 such a shock as the news of to-day, will well permit. 
 Believe me, my dearest Lord, 
 
 Ever most affectionately yours, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 Fox will be Chancellor of the Exchequer, notwith- 
 standing any reluctancy to yield to it in the Ministers : 
 George Grenville may be offered Secretary at War ; I 
 am sure he ought to be so. I advise his acceptance. 
 The Chancellor is the only resource; his wisdom, tem- 
 per, and authority, joined to the Duke of Newcastle's 
 ability as Secretary of State, are the dependance for 
 Government. The Duke of Newcastle alone is feeble • 
 this, not to Sir George.
 
 112 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Bath, March 11, 1754. 
 My dearest Lord, — I hope you will not disapprove 
 my answer to Lord Chancellor l . I include in you your 
 brothers, for your Lordship's name is Legion. You 
 will see the answer contains my whole poor plan ; the 
 essence of which is to talk modestly, to declare attach- 
 ment to the King's government, and the future plan 
 under the Princess, neither to intend nor intimate the 
 quitting the service, to give no terrors by talking big, 
 to make no declarations of thinking ourselves free by 
 Mr. Pelham's death, to look out and fish in troubled 
 waters, and perhaps help trouble them in order to fish 
 the better : but to profess and to resolve bona fide to 
 act like public men in a dangerous conjuncture for our 
 country, and support Government when they will please 
 to settle it ; to let them see we shall do this from prin- 
 ciples of public good, not as the bubbles of a few fair 
 words, without effects (all this civilly), and to be col- 
 lected by them, not expressed by us ; to leave them 
 under the impressions of their own fears and resent- 
 ments, the only friends we shall ever have at Court, 
 but to say not a syllable which can scatter terrors or 
 imply menaces. Their fears will increase by what we 
 avoid saying concerning persons (though what I think 
 of Fox, &c, is much fixed), and by saying very expli- 
 citly, as I have (but civilly), that we have our eyes open 
 
 1 Mr. Pitt refers to a letter addressed by him to Sir George Lyttel- 
 ton, with the intention that it should be shown to the Lord Chancellor : 
 it was accompanied by a private letter to Sir George : both are dated 
 Bath, March 10, and are very curious specimens of Pitt policy. They 
 are printed in Phillimore's Memoirs and Correspondence of Lord Lyt- 
 telton, pp. 449-453.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 113 
 
 to our situation at Court, and the foul play we have had 
 offered us in the Closet : to wait the working of all 
 these things in offices, the best we can have, but in 
 offices. 
 
 My judgment tells me, my dear Lord, that this simple 
 plan steadily pursued will once again, before it be long, 
 give some weight to a connection, long depressed, and 
 yet still not annihilated. Mr. Fox's J having called at 
 my door early the morning Mr. Pelham died is, I sup- 
 pose, no secret, and a lucky incident, in my opinion. 
 I have a post letter from the Duke of Newcastle 2 , 
 a very obliging one. I heartily pity him, he suffers a 
 great deal for his loss. 
 
 Give me leave to recommend to your Lordship a little 
 gathering of friends about you at dinners, without osten- 
 tation. Stanley 3 , who will be in Parliament : some at- 
 tention to Sir Richard Lyttelton 4 I should think proper; 
 a dinner to the Yorkes 5 very seasonable ; and, before 
 
 1 Mr. Pelham died about six o'clock on the morning of Wednesday, 
 the 6th instant. The activity of Fox upon this occasion is remarkable. 
 He was at Mr. Pitt's door early: in the Diary of Bubb Dodington, we 
 are told that he was at Lord Hartington's before eight o'clock in the 
 morning; and a letter from Lord Hardwicke to Mr. Pitt, in the Chat- 
 ham Correspondence, mentions " a certain person " (meaning Fox) 
 " who, within a few hours after Mr. Pelham's death, had made strong 
 advances to the Duke of Newcastle and myself." 
 
 2 This letter is not to be found in the Chatham Correspondence. 
 
 3 Mr. Hans Stanley, of Paultons, in the New Forest. He was a 
 grandson of Sir Hans Sloane, and M.P. for the borough of Southamp- 
 ton. He was subsequently a Lord of the Admiralty, and employed on 
 several diplomatic missions to Paris, &c. He died in 1780. 
 
 4 He had recently been made a Knight of the Bath. He was M.P. 
 for Brackley. 
 
 5 There were at this time four sons of the Lord Chancellor in Par- 
 liament, viz., Philip (afterwards Lord Royston, on his father's being 
 made Earl of Hardwicke), M.P. for Cambridgeshire ; Charles Yorke, 
 Member for Frigate ; Joseph Yorke, for East Grinstead ; and John 
 Yorke, for Higham Ferrers. 
 
 VOL. I. I
 
 114 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 things are settled, any of the Princess of Wales's Court. 
 John Pitt ' not to be forgot : I know the Duke of 
 
 B " 2 nibbles at him : in short liez commerce with as 
 
 many members of Parliament, who may be open to our 
 purposes, as your Lordship can. Pardon, my dear Lord, 
 all this freedom, but the conjuncture is made to awaken 
 men, and there is room for action. I have no doubt 
 Georsre Grenville's turn must come. Fox is odious, and 
 will have difficulty to stand in a future time. I mend a 
 little. I cannot express my impatience to be with you. 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, March 14, 1754. 
 
 My dear Grenville, — The favour of your letter of 
 the 12th instant was very intelligible and very accept- 
 able. The kind and affectionate manner in which you 
 wish me amongst you, adds to the impatience I already 
 had of being there to a degree almost intolerable. I am 
 making all the efforts possible to prepare me for the 
 journey. I am carried down stairs, and packed up like 
 a bale of goods in my chaise, to inure me to motion. 
 I begin to bear it upon smooth ground without much 
 uneasiness ; my appetite returns, my pains subside, and 
 my nights are tolerable : if no relapse comes, I hope 
 a week will go a good way towards enabling me to crawl, 
 if not to walk. As soon as I am capable of that degree 
 of self-motion, I will set out. 
 
 You cannot, my dear Grenville, in any situation ever 
 so critical, need my assistance. My warmest wishes, 
 
 1 John Pitt was now M.P. for Dorchester. 
 
 2 The Duke of Bedford.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 115 
 
 absent or present, you will always have ; but I have 
 much need of seeing the faces of my friends again, 
 after a long absence, and tedious scene of pain and con- 
 finement. My most affectionate remembrances to the 
 brothers, and most humble compliments to Mrs. Gren- 
 ville. W. Pitt. 
 
 SIR GEORGE LYTTELTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hill Street, Monday Evening, 18th March, 1754. 
 My dear Grenville, — I wish you would let me 
 know your opinion, whether I shall send an express 
 to Mr. Pitt to morrow or not. I think that things are 
 now as much settled as they are likely to be 'till the dis- 
 solution of the Parliament, and he will be impatient to 
 know some particulars. If he is coming to town the 
 express will meet him on the road. I have had no an- 
 swer from him to my last letter ; have you ? In case 
 you think I should send an express, be so good to tell 
 your brother Jemmy to send the man to me to-morrow 
 morning about half an hour after ten ; and as you have 
 seen Fox's letter, I wish you would write yourself an 
 account of it, which may be sent with mine. If you 
 choose that the express should go early in the morning, 
 send him to me to-night, any time before 12 o'clock. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Bath, March 24, 1754. 
 My dear Lord, — Not being able to write much to- 
 day, I beg your brother George will excuse my writing 
 separately, and receive my thanks for his letter in this 
 
 12
 
 116 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 to your Lordship. I hope my letter ' to the Duke of 
 Newcastle will meet with the fraternal approbation. It 
 is strong, but not hostile, and will, I believe, operate 
 some effect. I am still more strongly fixed in my 
 judgment from the state of things as it opens, and will 
 open every day, that the place of importance is employ- 
 ment, in the present unsettled conjuncture. It may not 
 to us be the place of dignity, but sure I am it is that of 
 the former. I see, as your Lordship does, the treat- 
 ment we have had : I feel it as deeply, but I believe, 
 not so warmly. I don't suffer my feelings to warp the 
 only plan I can form that has any tendency or meaning ; 
 for making ourselves felt, by disturbing Government, I 
 think would prove hurtful to the public, not reputable to 
 ourselves, and beneficial in the end, only to others. All 
 Achilles as you are, Impiger, Iracundus, &c, what 
 would avail us to sail back a few myrmidons to Thessaly ! 
 Go over to the Trojans, to be revenged, we none of us 
 can bear the thought of. What then remains ? The 
 conduct of the much-enduring man, who by temper, 
 patience, and persevering prudence, became adversis 
 rerum immersabilis undis. I am so tired I cannot hold 
 my head down to write any longer. A fine Secretary 
 of State I should make. Ten thousand compliments to 
 the ladies, and warm effusions of heart, breathed, not 
 expressed, to yourself, my dearest Lord. W. Pitt. 
 
 1 This letter is not to be found in the Chatham Correspondence, nor 
 is there any copy of it among the Grenville Papers. The deficiency, 
 however, has been supplied by the author of an article on the Life of 
 Lord Chatham, in the Quarterly Review, No. CXXXI. p. 216, where 
 extracts from the letter in question are given from the Hardtvicke 
 MSS. Mr. Pitt had enclosed it to Sir George Lyttelton, open, for his 
 own perusal, and to be shown to the Grenvilles, before it was sealed 
 and sent to the Duke of Newcastle.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 117 
 
 I hope to be able to set out in a week. I am much 
 mended in my general health, but not half a man yet j 
 were I a legion of men they would be all yours. Be so 
 good not to leave my letters in your pockets, but lock 
 them up or burn them, and caution Sir George to do 
 the same. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, March 24, 1754. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I hope you was so good to excuse 
 my not thanking you for your very kind letter in one 
 addressed to yourself, by my packet of yesterday. I 
 cannot refuse myself the pleasure of supplying that omis- 
 sion to-day, though it be only to write a letter worthy 
 of a profound politician of these dark times, that is, to 
 say nothing. When the day will dawn (for to my poor 
 eyes it is not even twilight at present), I cannot guess : 
 when it comes, may it show us a view men will see with 
 pleasure, and not wish to change ! I am deep in a 
 world that is very entertaining ; or rather, the demo- 
 litions of the metaphysical world, which that intel- 
 lectual Sampson of Battersea ' has pulled down about our 
 ears, but with this difference, that here the Hero is the 
 Philistine, and the poor saints are crushed. 
 
 I have gone through the Essay on Human Know- 
 
 1 Lord Bolingbroke. Mr. Pitt alludes to a collected edition of his 
 works, which happened to be published on the morning of Mr. Felham's 
 death, the 6th instant, and which gave rise to the well-known Ode, by 
 Garrick, in which are the following often-quoted lines : — 
 
 " The same sad morn, to Church and State 
 (So for our sins 't was fixed by fate) 
 
 A double shock was given : 
 Black as the regions of the North, 
 St. John's fell genius issued forth, 
 
 And Felham's fled to Heaven ! "
 
 118 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 ledo-e, and will confess that fine as it is, and irresistible 
 as the vogue for writings of that kind may be, I cannot 
 think it the greatest performance that ever was, as I had 
 been made to expect. Old matter new dressed, and 
 often tawdrily enough ; trite observations emphatically 
 imposed for most sagacious discoveries, and much falla- 
 cious reasoning, or else want of that clearness of con- 
 ception and luminous discernment to which the author 
 so particularly pretends. I could almost wish him alive 
 again, that he might have the pleasure of reading that 
 stupid fellow (as he calls him) Warburton's ' answer, 
 and that we might have the entertainment of reading his 
 Lordship's reply. I endeavour, you see, to keep my 
 mind as far as I can, abstracted from what you gen- 
 tlemen at London are pleased to call the great world, 
 and which we philosophers at Bath call the little ; and 
 instead of such trifles as the government of millions, 
 fate of kingdoms, and system of Europe, to hold our 
 minds fixed on the contemplation of nature's system, 
 and intellectual and moral worlds. But I will descend 
 so far from my sublime occupations as to hope that a 
 part of your little world, namely a certain family in 
 Brook Street, is in perfect health. I desire my most 
 humble compliments to Mrs. Grenville, and am, my 
 dear Grenville's Most affectionate, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, April 6, 1754. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I can write but a few words, 
 having a bandage on my arm, after being blooded for a 
 
 William Warburton, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 119 
 
 feverish cold. You know so thoroughly my heart about 
 public matters, that not even one word is necessary on 
 that subject ; nor is it, I hope, more necessary to tell 
 you that the Treasurer of the Navy gives me great 
 pleasure, especially if the office be allowed to claim its 
 right of succession, in virtue of the precedent lately 
 made \ A better right it will have (whether it will be 
 allowed or not), the ability of the possessor of it to serve 
 his country in a higher sphere ; for, some time or other, 
 weight in Parliament will be considered as an ingre- 
 dient, at least, among the qualifications of a man for the 
 first offices of business. You can't read what is written : 
 my hand can hold out no longer ; but it shall to assure 
 Mrs. Grenville, and the House of Grenville, of my 
 humblest compliments. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Bath, April 8, 1754. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I cannot, without some little diffi- 
 culty, return you my warmest thanks for your kind letter, 
 having been blooded on account of a feverish cold and 
 sore throat. I was much out of condition to answer 
 the great packets with which 1 was honoured ; nor was 
 I the better for the efforts of mind I was forced to make- 
 
 I am better this morning, and hope to surmount this 
 slight attack in two or three days. 
 
 Per varios casus et tot discrimina rerum, I cannot 
 
 1 The precedent of Mr. Legge's removal from the office of Treasurer 
 of the Navy to which Mr. Grenville had succeeded, and Mr. Legge 
 being made Chancellor of the Exchequer.
 
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 122 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Bath, May 23, 1754. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I am still the same indolent inac- 
 tive thing your Lordship saw me ; insomuch that I can 
 hear unmoved of Parliaments assembling, and Speakers 
 chusing, and all other great earthly things. 
 
 I live the vernal day on verdant hills or sequestered 
 valleys, where, to be poetical, for me, Health gushes from 
 a thousand springs, and I enjoy the return of Her, and 
 the absence of that thing called Ambition, with no small 
 philosophic delight : in a word, I envy not the favorites 
 of Heaven, the few, the very few, quos aequus amavit 
 Jupiter, the dust of Kensington Causey *, or the ver- 
 dure of Lincoln's Inn Fields 2 . 
 
 I propose to be in London about the 7th or 8th of 
 June, when I must not hope to find your Lordship there. 
 
 I shall dispatch my necessary business as fast as I 
 can, and pursue you to Stowe, where the charms, so 
 seldom found, of true taste, and the more rare joys and 
 comforts of true friendship, have fixed their happy resi- 
 dence. There it is that I most impatiently long to enjoy 
 you and your works. I lay myself at the feet of Lady 
 Temple and Miss Banks, and am, my dear Lord Tem- 
 ple's truly devoted, Wm. Pitt. 
 
 Mv affectionate remembrances to the Brotherhood. 
 
 1 George the Second constantly kept his court at Kensington Palace. 
 The Duke of Newcastle's town residence was in Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields, at that time a more fashionable quarter of the town than it is 
 now considered.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 123 
 
 LADY HESTER GRENVILLE 1 TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 (October, 1754.) 
 
 The most expressive manner I can find of offering the 
 thanks I would pay to you, my dearest Brother, for what 
 has so lately passed with you on my subject, is to beg 
 you would measure them by the degree of gratitude due 
 to the happiness you have bestowed upon me by the 
 most affectionate conduct in a circumstance so important 
 to my happiness. The receiving the approbation of a 
 brother whom I admire as much as I love, is a heartfelt 
 joy that will not admit of description, though your de- 
 clared friendship for Mr. Pitt, and his own superior 
 merit secured me from any apprehensions, but such as 
 arose from what prudential views might suggest to you ; 
 but you remembered them only to add to your kindness 
 by not urging them to our unhappiness. 
 
 Every way I have millions of thanks to offer you for 
 your love to him, to me, and for those expressions of 
 affection and regard which give me a double joy, as they 
 will recommend me further to your friend, to whom I 
 wish to be recommended by every endearing circum- 
 stance, feeling that pride and pleasure in his partiality 
 for me which his infinite worth not only justifies, but 
 renders right. 
 
 You will easily imagine, my dear Brother, how great 
 my happiness is, that in taking new engagements, I am, 
 if possible, more closely united to my own family, which 
 I have ever, and must ever, love and honour so highly. 
 
 I feel my obligation so great to Lady Temple upon 
 
 1 It will at once be seen that this and the following letter refer to 
 the intended marriage of Mr. Fitt and Lady Hester Grenville.
 
 124 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 this occasion, that I must give her the trouble by a 
 letter. 
 
 I should have preferred coming to Stowe to have re- 
 peated more fully what my heart dictates towards you 
 and Lady Temple, but I hear you are immediately to 
 have company, which, for many reasons that you can 
 supply, I should chuse to avoid, and therefore hope, till 
 I am at liberty to see you, you will accept my present 
 acknowledgments and assurances of being, my dear Bro- 
 ther, most faithfully, 
 
 Your affectionate and obliged Sister, 
 
 Hester Grenville. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 (October, 1754.) 
 My dearest Lord, — I cannot suffer a day to pass 
 without expressing a few of the thousand things I feel 
 from your kindest, most amiable of letters to Lady Hester 
 Grenville. You sent me from Stowe the most blessed 
 of men, and every hour I live only brings me new and 
 touching instances of the unceasing goodness and most 
 affectionate and endearing partiality towards me, of the 
 kind, noble, and generous fraternity to which it is my 
 glory and happiness to be raised. Don't imagine, my 
 dearest Lord, that these are the exaggerations of a 
 heart thinking and talking of the brother of her that 
 for ever fills it. I can say nothing to you that my 
 heart has not always given you before this last trans- 
 cendant and tender mark of your friendship and highest 
 confidence. Your letter is the kindest that ever glowed 
 from the best pen speaking the best heart. I should say
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 125 
 
 a million of things about the charm of style and manner 
 of it, if I was not too much filled and touched with the 
 endearing matter of it. If it did not look like an ex- 
 pression more of a lover than a friend, I should say, 
 I love, to the very pen that wrote it. What do I read 
 in it, from the first line to the last, not only the same 
 warmth of affection, but the same amiable delicacy of 
 manner that I read in every word, and smallest instance 
 of behaviour while I was at Stowe, and which even the 
 best and kindest friends cannot put into their actions 
 unless their minds are truly Grenville. How generous and 
 how delicate it is in you to state me in the too flattering 
 lights of your own partiality to the eyes of Lady Hester, 
 and to help to furnish her with a kind of justification of, 
 I fear, infinitely too great a sacrifice of her establish- 
 ment. I see I have run into a long letter, intending 
 only a note. I must yet add one word to Lady Temple, 
 but let that one word imply acknowledgments and gra- 
 titudes without number. You cannot read, for I cannot 
 write, as Lady Hester does me the honour to wait for 
 me. Ever, ever your most affectionate, obliged, and 
 happy friend. My best compliments to Miss Banks, 
 and many thanks. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, October 12, 1754. 
 Returned from the expensive delights of Berwick ', 
 and all the sweets of Edinburgh, I hope this will find 
 
 1 According to his biographer Almon, the " delights " of a Berwick 
 election cost Wilkes between 3000/. and 4000/., and he was besides
 
 126 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 you in good health, spirits as usual, and with an ex- 
 cellent cause. It is very gracious and kind in the pious 
 iEneas, after his conversion, after the Love feast, to 
 keep up that of friendship with one, who has so slender 
 a claim to be admitted to the table of the Saints 1 ; but 
 I am sorry to hear you are exalted to so high a story of 
 faith and godliness, because great may be the fall thereof, 
 and this Scotch taste of architecture is so contrary to the 
 fashionable style of building in this country, that I fear 
 it will never prevail, and that you will return to your 
 humbler roof of mortality and every social virtue, with 
 as much ardour, as if you had never deviated into the 
 higher regions of cherubim and seraphim, or the con- 
 version of Wilkes, compared with that of St. Paul ; 
 however, if I should live to see you in the bosom of 
 our father Sir George 2 , I shall only now and then drink 
 to the pious memory of the delightful moments I have 
 passed in your wicked company, and begin to attach 
 
 unsuccessful in his opposition to the Delaval interest. Fox, writing to 
 Lord Harrington on the subject of this election, says, " Mr. Wilkes, a 
 friend it seems of Pitt's, petitioned against the younger Delaval, chose 
 at Berwick, on account of bribery only. The younger Delaval made a 
 speech on his being thus attacked, full of wit, humour, and buffoonery, 
 which kept the House in a continued roar of laughter. Mr Pitt 
 came down from the gallery and took it up in his highest tone of 
 dignity. He was astonished when he heard what had been the occa- 
 sion of their mirth. Was the dignity of the House of Commons on 
 so sure foundations, that they might venture themselves to shake it? 
 Had it not, on the contrary, by gradations, been diminishing for years, 
 till now we were brought to the very brink of the precipice, where, if 
 ever, a stand must be made ? " — Memoirs by Lord Waldegrave, Appen- 
 dix, p. 147. 
 
 1 Lord Temple here probably alludes to the well-known club at 
 Medmenham Abbey, of which fraternity Wilkes, Potter, Sir Francis 
 Dashwood, and Lord Sandwich were distinguished members. 
 
 2 An ironical allusion to Sir George Lyttelton, and his Essay on 
 the Conversion of St. Paul.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 127 
 
 myself to all the interested pursuits of this world, as 
 the sure road to a better. 
 
 It is impossible for me to ask, and as impossible not 
 to wish to see you here, before that great day of Judg- 
 ment which will decide of the fate of Berwick and of 
 you ; however in all events, I fancy I may depend upon 
 meeting you in town soon after the birth-day, which is 
 the date of all good courtiers, or a little before the 
 meeting of Parliament, which is the sera of every honest 
 independent country gentleman, and there will be some 
 happy minute in some lucky hour betwixt them both, 
 which will probably afford me the pleasure of seeing 
 again the kind host of Aylesbury, to whom I am, and 
 ever must be, in the nature of things, 
 My dear Sir, 
 
 A most affectionate and 
 
 Obedient humble Servant, 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Lady Temple, Miss Banks, and I, desire to assure 
 Mrs. Wilkes, Mrs. Mead \ and your good uncle of our 
 best respects. The good man Jemmy just this instant 
 steps in to bid me tell you how much he is yours. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Sunday, October 27, 1754. 
 My dear G renville, — You will not have wondered 
 that the letters I have addressed to Wotton or Stowe, 
 since I left you, have not been any of them superscribed 
 to you. 
 
 1 Mrs. Mead was the mother of Mrs. Wilkes.
 
 128 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 Lady Hester has left you, and not only Wotton is, 
 as it always must be, most agreeable to remember, but 
 vou will both, I know,, pardon me for saying, you and 
 Mrs. Grenville are now the first persons in your own 
 house. How many, and how truly affectionate, are the 
 thanks I owe to the goodness and friendship of these 
 two persons. The trouble you have taken, and particu- 
 larly your kind attention to expedite the most interest- 
 ing work of Mr. Nuthall \ is a most obliging instance 
 of it. He writes me word that you will have the 
 draughts Wednesday next. If so, I flatter myself the 
 writings may be engrossed by about the 4th or 5th. If 
 I am so happy as to find no objections arise to the com- 
 pleting my felicity from the dear object of it, when I 
 see her, might I not hope that the 6th or 7th of 
 November might be the day from which I shall date all 
 the real honour and happiness of poor life ? You will, 
 I am sure, allow every degree of impatience in me to be 
 reason itself; but not to urge my reason, your own will 
 suggest to you the approaching opening of Parliament, 
 and variety of other calls upon my time and necessary 
 attentions, as real and very pressing motives to ac- 
 celerate what I confess I should press with equal im- 
 patience were they all out of the question. 
 
 I trust Lord Temple will have an ear for arguments 
 of such weight ; besides that his Lordship will have 
 just days enough to look round a scene that must be 
 viewed often before it is at all understood. I will write 
 to Stowe as soon as I have seen her who is to decide 
 
 1 Mr. Thomas Nuthall, a confidential solicitor, employed by Mr. Pitt 
 to prepare his marriage settlements. He was appointed Solicitor to 
 the Treasury in 1765, and died very suddenly in 1775, from fright 
 and excitement, caused by his being attacked by a highwayman on 
 Hounslow Heath. See Chatham Correspondence, vol. ii. p. 166.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 129 
 
 almost, if possible, of my wishes. In the mean time, I 
 recommend to your kindness to dispose his, which I 
 know are both of them disposed to my hand, to make 
 your most grateful and affectionately devoted friend 
 happy, as soon as may be, without precipitating Lady 
 Hester's intentions. Must I not count every moment 
 till the world sees me the most honoured and blessed 
 of men !..... 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Salt Hill, Friday Night, November 1, 1754. 
 
 I am, thank Heaven ! so far in my way towards 
 London ; that is, my dearest Lord, within hours, but 
 far from a few, of seeing again every perfection of 
 human nature in Argyll Buildings. You perhaps begin 
 to suspect a summons to you to leave Stowe, which you 
 so kindly allowed to be served upon you, is coming. 
 Not so ; Lady Hester has granted to my most ardent 
 and respectful supplications, the 15th, a day, however 
 late for my tender impatience, infinitely good in her not 
 to think too early. This leaves my dear Lord master 
 of his motions, as to the journey of happiness to his 
 most loving friend, which he was so kind to offer at any 
 warning ; but though I will not teaze you in one 
 character, shall I persecute in another ? Reason of 
 State says, Lord Temple can hardly be in town too 
 early : his eyes will be ever the best, and sure the more 
 wanted, as some eyes he too often trusts to can go but 
 to one loved object. What your brother Harry's letter 
 will have intimated about Hagley merits attention. 
 
 I understood Thursday, at the Bath, from William 
 
 VOL. I. K
 
 130 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 Lyttelton ', who has wishes and prospects of going to 
 America, that the most obliging, and I hope agreeable 
 offer, will be made to your Lordship, in case his seat 
 vacates. This is one reason of State, and I think not 
 weak, for your presence among your friends. Many 
 others, rather seen in the mass than in detail, must 
 occur. 
 
 I had conversation this day, at Reading, with Lord 
 Fane 2 . I foresee an event growing out of that petition. 
 His Lordship I have known from boy's age, and his 
 worth and honour inferior to none. His language is 
 very manly : to your humble servant very obliging, 
 upon my public situation. So much for politics. How 
 shall I thank you for the kindest and most aoreeable 
 letter that ever flowed even from your own pen ? not 
 by my pen, but with my life ; by telling you that life is 
 happy, and that the inestimable present you have given 
 me could alone have made it so. I should not say too 
 much if I added, that this life, happy as it is, is at your 
 call. Never were words so fine and touching as those 
 which I now repeat. Why must I blot this happy 
 paper with the miserable name of Queensberry. I 
 have writ to the poor Duke 3 , to inquire of their health, 
 
 1 He was soon after appointed Governor of South Carolina. 
 
 2 Charles, second Viscount Fane in the Peerage of Ireland. He 
 was now Member for Reading. He had been employed in several 
 diplomatic missions at Florence, Turin, and Constantinople. He died 
 in 1782. 
 
 3 Mr. Pitt here alludes to a dreadful calamity which had befallen 
 the Duke and Duchess of Queensberry, by the death of their son, Lord 
 Drumlanrig, who was killed by the accidental discharge of his own 
 pistol, m their coach, while they were on a journey to London, accom- 
 panied by his newly-married wife, Lady Elizabeth, a daughter of the 
 Earl of Hopetoun, and she died of consumption a little more than a 
 year afterwards.
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 131 
 
 which I dread to hear. Dear Lady Temple has more 
 room in my thoughts than in my paper. All happiness 
 to Miss Banks. Adieu. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Saturday, November 2, 1754. 
 I write to my dear Grenville from a place where it is 
 impossible I should give much time to anything but one. 
 I never can thank you as I feel for your kind letter 
 which this day brought me, and Mrs. Grenville for the 
 infinitely obliging prolongation of that concluding letter. 
 How shall I say what I ought for the additional trouble 
 I am now perhaps giving you in the person of Mr. Nut- 
 hall ? ' I conceive there may have been some want of 
 sufficient explanation of my wishes with regard to the 
 estates in reversion. Give me leave to state in a few 
 words how I understand it. Having reasons, of a sort 
 I am sure you and Lady Hester will approve, against 
 tying all those contingent estates, I proposed that by 
 an after settlement in the most proper manner to be 
 judged of by you, the Sunderland estate should be set- 
 tled in the strictest manner, but those estates that come 
 under the Duchess of Marlborough's will should be left 
 at my disposal. My reasons are these : that I thought 
 myself bound by every tie to take care of Mr. Spencer's 
 debts in case I succeeded to his estate, which I could 
 only do by a power over these lands from the Duchess. 
 I also wished, in case of such a large fortune, to have 
 elbow-room for a town house of some expense, perhaps 
 one near town, and particularly to be in a condition to 
 purchase Old Sarum. But in case I should succeed to 
 
 k 2
 
 132 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1754. 
 
 the estates of the Duchess of Marlborough only, I 
 meant, and I mean, that they in like manner should be 
 strictly entailed. If you should recollect any of these 
 reasons to have been mentioned, or should now not think 
 them improper, I conceive the draughts may be easily 
 altered to this plan. I write in a way not to state busi- 
 ness very clearly, but I trust your goodness will supply 
 what I ought to have better explained. 
 
 A thousand pardons for all the loads I venture to lay 
 upon your friendship. As we shall have the pleasure of 
 seeing you in town Thursday, I will take no more of your 
 time now, than to repeat how much I feel I abuse that 
 goodness and infinite kindness I must ever most grate- 
 fully and affectionately love. Yours most unalterably, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 The 15th Lady Hester has had the goodness to grant. 
 How late a day for me, and yet how early for her ! 
 
 MR. FOX TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 Holland House, Saturday night, November 16, 1754. 
 Dear Sir, — We are to meet to-morrow night on Ox- 
 fordshire 1 . I will wait on you previously for half an 
 
 1 The Oxfordshire Election petition was now the cause of great 
 party animosities. The Sheriff returned all the four candidates, and 
 they all petitioned, complaining of undue election and double return. 
 After a very long debate on the 18th of November, and on many sub- 
 sequent days, it was eventually decided that Lord Parker and Sir 
 Edward Turner were the sitting members, and that Lord Wenman 
 and Sir James Dashwood had not been duly elected. The sum of 
 money spent on this occasion was enormous. Walpole writes to Sir 
 Horace Mann, " A knowing lawyer said to-day, that with purchasing 
 tenures, votes, and carrying on the election and petition, five-and-fifty 
 thousand pounds will not pay the whole expense."
 
 1754. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 133 
 
 hour wherever you will appoint, or at eleven on Monday 
 morning. If the former, send a note to me to be left at 
 White's ; if the latter, or any other time, it will be time 
 enough to appoint it when we meet at Lord Maccles- 
 field's l . If we meet now determined not to agree, I 
 flatter myself we shall however disagree so as that it 
 may be the last time. If you say this is unavoidable, I 
 will disagree with you even in that, and in everything 
 relating to this election at Hindon, and I hope never 
 in anything else. I am, most sincerely yours, 
 
 H. Fox. 
 
 THE COUNTESS TEMPLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Saturday (December 28, 1754.) 
 To keep up a custom, I must write to you, though I 
 have not much to say ; there is one piece of news, 
 which is much to the King's honour, and shows a great 
 deal of good nature : when he heard of my Lord Albe- 
 marle's ' 2 death, he immediately gave my lady a pension 
 
 1 George, second Earl of Macclesfield: he died 1764. 
 
 2 See ante, page 07, note. Lord Albemarle was taken ill after 
 supper and died in a few hours, at Paris, where he was the British 
 Ambassador. He married Lady Anne Lennox, sister of Charles, 
 second Duke of Richmond. She died in 1789. He was succeeded by 
 his son George, Lord Viscount Bury, Lord of the Bedchamber to Wil- 
 liam, Duke of Cumberland. Horace Walpole, mentioning his death to 
 Sir Horace Mann, says, " Everybody is so sorry for him ! — without 
 being so ; yet as sorry as he would have been for anybody, or as he 
 deserved. Can one really regret a man who, with the most meri- 
 torious wife and sons in the world, and with near 15,000/. a year 
 from the Government, leaves not a shilling to his family, lawful or 
 illegitimate (and both very numerous), but dies immensely in debt, 
 though, when he married, he had 90,000/. in the funds, and my Lady 
 Albemarle brought him 25,000/. more, all which is dissipated to 
 14,000/." — See Walpole Correspondence, vol. iii. p. 97, where Lord
 
 134 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 of twelve hundred pounds a year. She was very much 
 shocked when Lord Bury told her the news ; but as 
 soon as he came into the room, bid him not speak a 
 word, for she knew what he was come about ; she was 
 sure his father was dead, for she had seen him the night 
 before, and it never failed. When this came to be ex- 
 plained, it was only a dream : she thought she saw 
 him dressed in white ; the same thing happened before 
 the Duke of Richmond's death, and often has happened 
 before the death of any of her family. Methinks I see 
 you laugh ! I am, your most affectionate, 
 
 A. Temple. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Thursday night (May 8, 1755.) 
 Dear Brother, — That wise, virtuous, and able states- 
 man Sir G. L. ' told Mrs. Grenville, it seems, at parting, 
 that it would be necessary for you to look in upon this 
 delightful town about once a week. I little thought 
 that I should ever adopt one tittle of his sentiments, 
 and yet I cannot help saying that I wish you would try 
 it this once, and see how you like it. Oblige me so far 
 and come as soon as you can ; in the firm confidence of 
 which I remain, &c. T. 
 
 The Brest squadron is in the Bay of Biscay, consisting 
 of twenty-five ships of the line, as I hear. Boscawen 
 there, too, with at least half that number. The Lord 
 preserve us ! Many affectionate compliments. I have 
 
 Dover, in a note, refers to the Memoires de Marmontel, for an interest- 
 ing account of this magnificent spendthrift : and see also WalpoWs 
 Memoirs of George the Second, vol. i. p. 82. 
 1 Sir George Lyttelton.
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 135 
 
 deferred to the last moment giving you the trouble of 
 this piece of advice relating to your own expedition. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 May 29, 1755. 
 
 Dear Brother, — The accident which has happened 
 to Lady Betty Germain 1 of setting herself on fire in two 
 places, which I suppose you have heard of, has amongst 
 other ill consequences obliged me to put off my journey 
 to Stowe till Saturday or Sunday se'nnight. I am the 
 more mortified at this, as I have not heard that Mrs. 
 Conway 2 and Miss Stapleton 3 have left you, I saw 
 
 1 Daughter of Charles, second Earl of Berkeley, and widow of Sir 
 John Germaine, who left her a very large fortune, including the estate 
 of Drayton, in Northamptonshire, which at her death she bequeathed 
 to Lord George Sackville. "When her father was Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, Swift was his chaplain, and Lady Betty was consequently 
 much in the Dean's society, and she remained his friend and frequent 
 correspondent for many years after. She is often mentioned in his 
 letters and poems. Lady Betty's elder sister had married Mr. Cham- 
 ber, of Hanworth — they had two daughters, who, having lost their 
 parents early, were brought up entirely under the guardianship of Lady 
 Betty ; the eldest became the wife of Lord Vere Beauclerc, afterwards 
 Baron Vere of Hanworth ; aud the youngest the wife of Richard 
 Grenville, now Earl Temple. Lady Betty died at her house in St 
 James's Square, in December, 17G9. Nothing is now known of the 
 accident mentioned in Lord Temple's letter. 
 
 2 Second daughter of Sir John Conway, of Bodrhyddan, by Penelope 
 Grenville, daughter of Mr. Richard Grenville, of Wotton. She was, 
 therefore, aunt to Lord Temple. 
 
 3 Second daughter of James Russell-Stapleton, Esq., by Penelope, 
 eldest daughter of Sir John Conway. Miss Stapleton died unmarried, 
 in 1815. Her youngest sister married Sir Robert Sal usbury-Cotton, 
 Bart., and had a son and heir, the present Lord Viscount Combermere, 
 G.C.B.
 
 136 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 some little glimpse of hope that I might possibly have 
 the pleasure of their company at Stowe. 
 
 Lady Betty gets better daily, and we now stay only 
 as she seems much to wish it, and we are sure would 
 most willingly have done the same for us, in the same 
 situation. The French politics of bringing home six 
 ships of the line and three frigates, can be reconciled 
 to no sense whatever, but the unintelligible one of 
 English politics. It is very lucky for us, that the same 
 epidemical distemper of incapacity should spread itself 
 so wide as to produce fortunate and salutary effects for 
 this country. I cannot by letter add anything to what 
 we talked over, when we last met. 
 
 In statu quo, a little better or a little worse, is the 
 whole gradation of political speculation at this time, and 
 I am in statu quo. Temple. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 July 15, 1755. 
 
 Dear Brother, — This day arrived an express from 
 Admiral Boscawen. It is said to bring an account that 
 part of the French squadron fell in with part of ours 
 about the 18th or 20th of last month, in a fog off Cape 
 Race, the southernmost point of Newfoundland. 
 
 Two 60-gun ships of theirs taken, the one arme en 
 flute, with eight companies of grenadiers on board, the 
 other en guerre ; the first struck immediately. The 
 other was attacked home by Captain Howe 1 , and made 
 
 ' Afterwards Admiral and first Earl Howe. He succeeded his 
 brother, the third Viscount Howe, who was killed in a skirmish, at 
 Ticonderago, in 1758.
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 137 
 
 resistance, 'till Boscawen's ship coming up she too struck. 
 They say a third struck, but got off in the fog. 
 
 My intelligence is uncertain which fired the first 
 broadside. The fog continuing, he took a run towards 
 Louisburg, in hopes of finding more, and, looking into 
 that harbour, could see only four of them got in. Among 
 those, he thinks he saw the second in command. Where 
 the others are at present, no account is yet come. 
 There is a report that fifteen French sail of the line 
 have been seen in the Channel. 
 
 Signals were made yesterday to the whole fleet at Spit- 
 head, to prepare for immediate sailing. 
 
 J. Grenville. 
 
 MR. POTTER TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (Near the end of September, 1755) 1 . 
 Dear Sir, — It is too important not to run some little 
 hazard of this letter's miscarrying, in order to give you a 
 hint of what has lately passed since you left London. I 
 went thither last Friday, and heard from your brother 
 the substance of what had passed in the conversations at 
 Powis House 2 . He told me too the report of those con- 
 
 1 This letter is not dated, but Mr. Potter says it was written when 
 he was hastening on the road to Bath, to see Mr. Pitt. In the Chat- 
 ham Correspondence will be found a letter from Mr. Pitt to his nephew, 
 dated from Bath, Sept. 25th, 1755, in which he alludes to his recent 
 arrival at that place, and of his intention to return to London in about 
 a week ; from this, and other internal evidence, I have fixed the date 
 of Mr. Potter's letter to Mr. Grenville as above mentioned. 
 
 2 Mr. Pitt had lately held several conferences at Powis House, 
 with the Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, and also with Mr. Charles Yorke, 
 and the Duke of Newcastle, the particulars of which are related iu 
 Harris's Life of Lord Hardicicke, vol. iii. pp. 27-34.
 
 138 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 versations made by the D was, that Mr. P. was so 
 
 much persona//// incensed against him as to be induced 
 on no terms whatever to undertake the two measures 1 . 
 
 This was received with great indifference, and it was 
 said that the defection of six or seven men could not 
 create any disturbance to a measure so popular. 
 
 That this measure was not only right but popular, 
 that the people of England loved Hanover, that these 
 measures were necessary for its defence, and the accla- 
 mations of all mankind on his arrival convinced him 
 how well they were pleased with what had been doing. 
 The reply to this was, that the judgment formed was 
 extremely just, that the reasons were popular as well 
 as right, and that the House of Commons when left to 
 judge of the measures only would approve, but that the 
 leaders there had taken such personal aversion to him, 
 
 the D , that he was no longer able to carry on 
 
 business. That therefore it was absolutely for his M. 
 service, that he should have leave to resign, and it was 
 his earnest request that his Majesty would entrust his 
 affairs in the hands of Lord Gr(anville), who was the 
 only person in England who would carry them on with 
 ease and honour to his M . 
 
 Thus things stood when I left London on Saturday. 
 At such a crisis it is most important that Lord Gr. 
 (Granville) and his Lieut., Mr. Fox, should find them- 
 selves disabled to undertake what the D. of N. refuses. 
 I have therefore sought out Dr. Hay 2 and secured him 
 
 1 The Treaties with Hesse and Russia for the subsidies. 
 
 2 George Hay, LL D., and M.P. for Stockbridge. He was Principal 
 of the Arches Court of Canterbury, and Chancellor of the Diocese of 
 Worcester. He was afterwards in Parliament for Newcastle-under- 
 Line, and in 1774 was made Judge and President of the High Court 
 of Admiralty, and knighted. He died in 1778.
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 139 
 
 in the strongest manner. But I have done more. I 
 have read such a lesson to the D. of B(edford) about 
 the necessity of declaring with violence against the Sub- 
 sidies as the certain means to ruin the D. of N., that 
 he is convinced of it, and declares as loud as anybody. 
 Encouraged with this, or rather to produce this, I en- 
 trusted him with such parts of Mr. P.'s conversation 
 with the D. as were proper, and particularly his firm 
 declaration to oppose all measures which tended to 
 enfeeble our efforts in America to draw the war to 
 another quarter. He took the whole exactly as I 
 wished, fell into the strongest panegyrics on Mr. P.'s 
 virtue and abilities, saw the immediate destruction of 
 the Duke of N. if nobody was weak enough to interfere, 
 hoped in God no one of his friends, particularly Mr. F., 
 would attempt it. Having got thus far, I clinched the 
 whole with drawing forth a message in form from him 
 to Mr. P., approving in the strongest terms of what 
 had passed, and assuring him of all his support in such 
 measures as he Mr. P. should think fit for the ex- 
 tirpation of the common enemy, and for the support of 
 himself, who he was sure was the only man who had 
 virtue and abilities enough to retrieve the affairs of 
 this country. 
 
 I communicated to him no part of the report to the 
 and only the most proper parts of the conversa- 
 tions at Powis House, but told him that it was reported 
 the IX of N. threatened to resign in case the R(ussian) 
 subsidy was not carried. And now let Mr. F. and the 
 Duke of Cumb. come to him and welcome. The 
 Duchess (of Bedford) said Lord and Lady Temple 
 talked of coming to pass a day or two at Woburn 1 . 
 
 1 It will be seen h\ the following letter, that Lord Temple did pay 
 ;i visit to Wolmrn.
 
 140 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 Let them go immediately and talk as Lord Temple 
 can talk. I am on the road to Bath, hastening to Mr. 
 P. as fast as I can. I propose returning in a fortnight. 
 In all situations, I am most affection ately yours, 
 
 T. P. 
 
 MR. POTTER 1 TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 (About the middle of October, 1755.) 
 What shall I say to your Lordship of this man 2 , or 
 rather what will you believe of him ? Will you believe 
 him to be a man of honour, and sense, and even dig- 
 nity ? I protest I do ; and I even think I can account 
 for all that coldness which appeared to you, without 
 attributing it to any other but a manly motive. When 
 1 came home, I found that unusual civilities had been 
 shown in my absence to my son ; and when I presented 
 myself, I found a most welcome reception, a counte- 
 nance of ease, and a freedom of communication. When 
 the visit was paid to the wife and the company that 
 were with her, he followed me to the door of the draw- 
 ing-room, as if he expected I should speak in private ; 
 and on my whispering that I would take some other 
 time to trouble him with a few words on business, he 
 pressed eagerly into the next room, and listened to me 
 with the greatest attention. 
 
 1 began with alluding to some conversation which had 
 passed in the drawing-room, and saying that I was one 
 of the speculatists who had been to town on purpose to 
 look about ; that I found the scene highly interesting, 
 
 This letter is neither signed nor dated ; it is, however, unques- 
 tionably in the handwriting of Mr. Potter, and its contents evidently 
 refer to the date to which I have ventured to ascribe it. 
 
 2 The Duke of Bedford.
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 141 
 
 though in a different way from what it was when I saw 
 him last ; that the hopes we had then entertained of 
 seeing this country immediately freed from the admi- 
 nistration of the most contemptible of men were blasted 
 in the very manner he himself had suggested, by Fox's 
 eagerness for place and power, as he had now most 
 effectually secured him in his office, perhaps for life. 
 He interrupted me with eagerness : " Did not I tell you 
 so ? If you remember, I said the very thing, that if I 
 had been the privy counsellor and bosom friend of the 
 Duke of Newcastle when Mr. Pitt had so virtuously 
 and so honourably refused his support, I would have 
 advised him to have offered any terms whatever to Fox, 
 who perhaps might be unwary enough to accept them," 
 and it seems he has done it. I answered, 't is true he 
 has done it, whether through unwariness, or whether 
 through that thirst of power and money which I remem- 
 bered likewise he had observed to be Fox's character- 
 istics, I could not tell ; but the thing was done, and 
 those whom he had extolled for their virtue and firmness 
 were now likely to fall the victims of it. I added that I 
 found Lord T. (Temple) had been at W. (Woburn), 
 and had signified to him Mr. Pitt's feelings of that full 
 and explicit approbation of his conduct which he had 
 commissioned me to deliver (to this he assented with 
 a nod) ; but that I found Lord Temple alarmed, and 
 Mr. Pitt much more so, at some representations which 
 had been made to him of a conversation that had 
 passed, the beginning of the summer, between Mr. Pitt 
 and Mr. Fox at Lord H.'s (Hillsborough's?), and that 
 he had disapproved of the part Mr. Pitt then took. 
 He told me it was true; that the day after I had seen
 
 142 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 him, Mr. Rigby 1 came down to him from Mr. Fox; that 
 Rigby was in the greatest agitation from the imagination 
 that all cement between Pitt and Fox was broke, for 
 that Fox had told him the reason of his taking this part 
 was, Mr. Pitt's having declared in that conversation 
 more than once that he would have nothing more to do 
 w r ith him. That he had asked whether he, Mr. Pitt, 
 had anything to object to him or his conduct since they 
 had acted together ; whether he had assumed too much, 
 or behaved improperly; to all which Mr. Pitt answered, 
 no; he was perfectly satisfied with his behaviour, which 
 had been open, and that of a gentleman, but that (a very 
 remarkable expression, and which could not be mis- 
 taken) they w r ere upon different lines, possibly, and he 
 hoped they would prove, convergent ; but their ground 
 at present was so different, that he could not go with 
 him either into Court or Opposition. This conversa- 
 tion I own, says he, did make a great impression upon 
 me ; I could not doubt the truth of it, because I have 
 an opinion of Fox's honour so far as to think he would 
 not lie ; and yet that Mr. Pitt should bluntly and with- 
 out provocation tell Mr. Fox that he would neither go 
 with him into Court or Opposition did exceedingly 
 dissatisfy me. 
 
 I told him that no one, I believed, could give a better 
 account of that conversation than myself, as Mr. Pitt had 
 
 1 Mr. Rigby came into Parliament for the borough of Tavistock, 
 under the patronage of the Duke of Bedford, and when his Grace be- 
 came Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in 1757, Mr. Rigby was appointed 
 Chief Secretary, and he held at the same time the office of Master of 
 the Rolls, in Ireland. His letters in the Bedford Correspondence, 
 show how intimately he was in the confidence of the Duke, up to the 
 time of his death in 1771.
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 143 
 
 given me an account of it long before Mr. Fox had 
 thought it right to make any use of it ; that I would 
 not determine whether Mr. Fox would lie, but I was 
 sure he would most egregiously misrepresent, and that 
 he had given a most astonishing instance of it in this 
 report of that conversation ; that I would deal with him 
 very frankly, and speak with great confidence to him. 
 I had been one of those whose inclination as well as 
 principles had led me to consider the Duke of Newcastle 
 as the great object of opposition ; that with this view I 
 had been solicitous to forward every junction which was 
 likely to contribute to his destruction ; that it was visible 
 to all the world that a union of Mr. Pitt and Mr. Fox 
 must (as in effect it had) be the coup de grace to him ; 
 that in the course of forming this union, and during its 
 continuance, I had watched the turns of Mr. Pitt's mind, 
 and that nothing could be clearer than it was of all ideas 
 of rivalship, or of private animosity, but that Mr. Pitt's 
 sagacity, as well as his Grace's, had discovered in Mr. 
 Fox's temper that eagerness for power which inspired a 
 doubt of his firmness on trying occasions ; that the 
 suspicion was but too often increased by Mr. Fox's con- 
 duct; that it was apparent he was always pursuing a 
 private rather than a joint plan. I then went through 
 the history of the whole session, beginning with the 
 attack on Murray touching Ireland, and ending with the 
 Regency : that all these things together had filled Mr. 
 Pitt's mind so full of suspicions, that, as I thought a man 
 of honour ought always to do, he had resolved to open 
 himself fully to him ; that he had done so in this con- 
 versation, in which, far from approving the whole of Mr. 
 Fox's conduct, he had told him all I had recapitulated, 
 as reasons which made it impossible that any union could
 
 144 QRENVILLK PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 continue ; that nothing could he so absurd as a union 
 where only one side was bound, and that Mr. Fox had 
 ever kept in reserve an implicit obedience to the com- 
 mands of the Duke of Cumberland, whose soldier Mr. 
 Pitt was not, and whose commands might, at the end of 
 a campaign, counteract all that had been jointly done ; 
 that, therefore, till Mr. Fox could call himself sui juris, 
 and could agree to walk with Mr. Pitt either in the 
 paths of Court or Opposition, as should be found most 
 expedient, no union could subsist, nor was it to any 
 purpose they should meet to embarrass each other ; that 
 if Mr. Pitt did use that remarkable expression that they 
 were on different lines, he used it with great justice, 
 because Mr. Fox never would stand upon the straight 
 line which led to the end in view, but would have devia- 
 tions and stops of his own. 
 
 He appeared extremely satisfied with the account, and 
 said the story was perfectly natural, and the observations 
 on Mr. Fox's conduct during the course of the session 
 just ; but, says he, it is the easiest thing to pervert con- 
 versations, and each man may make his own account 
 plausible ; that therefore he thought it was but justice, 
 before he determined his opinion, to hear what was said 
 on each side, which he hoped to have an opportunity of 
 doing, as he would go to town the end of this month for 
 five days, and return hither for a week, and then go to 
 the meeting of Parliament ; that Fox had sent to him 
 the strongest assurances that he came in with a view to 
 strengthen himself in the Closet, and to undermine the 
 Duke of Newcastle ; that he had come in against all the 
 efforts both of the Duke of Newcastle and Lord Chan- 
 cellor, by the influence of the Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 I told him this was very inconsistent with all the
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 145 
 
 declarations both of the Duke of Newcastle and Lord 
 Chancellor, who expressed to every one who would 
 hear them their high satisfaction not only in the as- 
 surances Mr. Fox had given them, but in the candour 
 of his conduct since ; that one way or other, Mr. Fox's 
 conduct was unjustifiable, for if he really meant to 
 support the Duke of Newcastle, he betrayed his friends 
 who wished to oppose him, and if he really meant to 
 undermine him, he was the villain who smiles in your 
 face and stabs you to the heart. Yes, but says he, Fox 
 insists he has made no promise, except that he will do 
 the King's business. However, I think on the whole 
 as you do, that Fox's acceptance has been precipitate 
 and ill-judged; that he has saved the Duke of New- 
 castle, who, without his acceptance, was absolutely un- 
 done ; that Fox could have run no risk in standing out, 
 as Mr. Pitt had refused first, and as, if the Duke of 
 Newcastle fell, he stood first in the graces of the 
 Closet ; that he might have refused now with much 
 more safety than he did a year and a half since, 
 and as he lost no favour then, he could have lost 
 none now. 
 
 My next business was to get some information of his 
 opinion as to the subsidies. I therefore said, that for 
 my own part, nothing could have given me more real 
 concern, for besides that not only the great end of 
 my life, the destruction of the Duke of Newcastle, was 
 defeated, but Fox, for whom I had a real respect, and 
 who even now had shown me a very particular civility 
 (relating to him the occasion), had taken so unpopular 
 a point, that he would undo himself with mankind, for 
 that however he might flatter himself, the idea of a 
 continental war, and subsidies, was in the minds of 
 
 VOL. i. L
 
 14'J GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 mankind the same, and though he might get a majority 
 for a day, he would feel the weight of that day while 
 he lived. 
 
 He then asked me how that would go in the House 
 of Lords, and what part the Duke of Devonshire 1 
 would take. I told him the Duke of Devonshire was 
 in the country, and I had not seen any one who had 
 seen him lately, but that I imagined there was not the 
 least reason to doubt but that he would appear the very 
 first day of the session, to enter his protest. Why, to 
 tell you the truth, says he, I do not chuse to tell people 
 in general the part I shall take, because I want to see 
 whether confidence cannot be restored ; but as to the 
 subsidies, it is as you say, a war on the continent or not, 
 and a war in Germany, the most dangerous part for us. 
 As to ourselves, to be sure, we can't send a man, 
 because there is no place for him to rest his foot ; but 
 if we are to hire armies to defend Hanover, which is 
 not attacked, where will be the end of it ? 'Tis lio-ht- 
 ing the candle at both ends with a witness. Besides, 
 suppose it should be attacked, why should it not share 
 the fate of other countries ? If it should be ravaged, 
 other countries have suffered the same fate without 
 being undone, and I own I should think that this 
 country, pursuing the war in its own way, would be 
 bound, whenever they came to make peace, to insist on 
 full reparation for those allies that are attacked en 
 haine. 
 
 The only war we can carry on is a sea war, and an 
 American one, though that we have done hitherto like 
 pirates, rather than a great nation. 
 
 William, third Duke of Devonshire. He died on the 5th of 
 December following.
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 147 
 
 You know, I suppose, that they intend to make this 
 subsidy as palatable as possible, by declaring they mean 
 not to renew the subsidies of Bavaria and Saxonv, and 
 that they even will not renew this of Hesse, unless the 
 French are in possession of Hanover. I told him I 
 would not thank any man of J2 for a promise he was to 
 execute when he was 76 or 77- As for the Russian, 
 that, Lord Granville says, is completely executed, and 
 for 25,000/. more than Sir Charles Hanburv l was com- 
 missioned. There was a dispute of 50,000/., and Sir 
 Charles has split the difference. I asked him the sum 
 to be paid, and the number of years. He said Lord 
 Granville had not informed him, and he did not chuse 
 to be inquisitive. Upon the whole, says he, before I 
 resolve on the part I shall take, I will go to town for 
 five days, as I told you, the end of the month ; for since 
 Lord Temple was here, I have not seen a creature to 
 inform me of anything, nor do I at all know the bottom 
 of things. 
 
 I suppose I shall see Mr. Rigby in a day or two here, 
 who will bring me some message from Mr. Fox ; but 
 when I go to town I hope I shall see both Mr. Pitt 
 and Mr. Fox. I told him I was sure Mr. Pitt would 
 call on him the moment he knew he was at leisure to 
 receive him, for that he had nothing more at heart than 
 to be set right in his opinion, and that he had even pro- 
 
 1 Sir Charles Hanbury Williams came into Parliament for Mon- 
 mouthshire, in 1733, and uniformly supported the administration of 
 Sir Robert Walpole. He was made a Knight of tbe Bath in 1746, 
 and soon after appointed Envoy to the Court of Dresden. He was 
 also for a time Minister Plenipotentiary at Berlin, and, subsequently, 
 at St. Petersburg, where he concluded a convention with tbe Empress 
 of Russia. A very entertaining account of liim, and a description of 
 his Embassies, will be found in the Appendix to tbe second volume of 
 Horace Walpole's Memoirs of King George the Second. 
 
 L 2
 
 148 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 posed coming down on purpose to Woburn, if Lady 
 Hester's situation had permitted him. 
 
 Mr. Pitt shall have notice from me of his journey; 
 but quaere whether it might not be right for Mr. Pitt, 
 if possible, to tell his story first. 
 
 1 <2 o'clock Monday nip;ht. 
 
 ml O 
 
 THE EARL OF HOLDERNESSE ' TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Whitehall, November 20, 1755. 
 Sir, — I have the King's commands to acquaint you 
 that his Majesty has no further occasion for your service 
 as Treasurer of the Navy ; I should be glad of a more 
 agreeable occasion of assuring you of the truth and re- 
 gard with which I am, Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient humble Servant, 
 
 HOLDERNESSE. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE 2 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 November 20, 1755. 
 Dear Sir, — I have been unfortunately out till now, and 
 my servants had not the sense to bring me your letter 
 and Mr. Pitt's where they would have been of use. I 
 
 1 Robert D'Arcy, fourth Earl of Holdernesse, at this time Secretary 
 of State ; he had previously filled several diplomatic appointments. 
 At his death in 1778, the Earldom became extinct, but his Barony of 
 Conyei*s devolved upou his only daughter, who married Francis Godol- 
 phin, afterwards Duke of Leeds, in whose family that Barony is now 
 vested. 
 
 2 John Stuart, third Earl of Bute, subsequently so well known as 
 the favourite minister of George III. He married the only daughter 
 of Lady Mary Wortley Montague, by whom he had a numerous family. 
 Lord Bute died in 1792.
 
 1755. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 149 
 
 must tell you, my worthy friend, what I should have 
 wished you would have told me on such an occasion ; 'tis 
 glorious to suffer in such a cause and with such compa- 
 nions ; in times like these, the post of honour is a private 
 station. I own I from my heart congratulate you, and 
 I am proud to call a man of your distinguished cha- 
 racter my friend ; for well may this be the prelude only 
 to what your merit loudly calls for. 
 
 Most entirely yours, &c, 
 
 Bute. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO LADY HESTER PITT. 
 
 November 20, 1755. 
 My dear Lady Hester, — I cannot defer till to- 
 morrow morning making a request to you, upon the suc- 
 cess of which I have so entirely set my heart, that I 
 flatter myself you will not refuse it me. I must entreat 
 you to make use of all your interest with Mr. Pitt to 
 give his brother Temple leave to become his debtor for 
 a thousand pounds a year 'till better times 1 : Mr. P. will 
 never have it in his power to confer so great an obliga- 
 tion upon, dear Lady Hester, your most truly affec- 
 tionate brother, Temple. 
 
 LADY HESTER PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Pay Office, November 21, 1755. 
 I do not find, my dear and generous brother, that 
 having had time to reflect calmly upon your goodness 
 
 1 Lord Temple's generous gift was made upon the occasion of Mr. 
 Pitt's dismissal from the Pay mastership of the Forces.
 
 150 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 has made it easier for me to express what I feel upon it. 
 On the contrary ; and therefore I must content myself 
 with saying that my gratitude is like the occasion that 
 inspires it, great indeed. I made no difficulty of con- 
 forming to your desire that I would use mv interest 
 with Mr. Pitt, because my own love for him makes me 
 a judge of the pleasure you would receive from his 
 acceptance of such a testimony of your friendship. I 
 should have had little hopes of prevailing in such a cause 
 if I had not known how strongly the joy and pride of 
 being obliged to you would operate upon his mind. 
 Believe me, my dear brother, that will still be, notwith- 
 standing our situation, the circumstance from which we 
 shall derive our greatest satisfaction. 
 
 Judge if you can how my heart is affected by being, 
 not the sharer only, but the means, of your proving in 
 so noble a manner your affection for a person dearer to 
 me than myself. You make me the happiest woman in 
 the world, so that to avoid ingratitude, I must forgive 
 your having laid me under an obligation to those who, in 
 turning us out, have furnished the occasion of so much 
 joy to me. 
 
 I write in my bed, for I could not longer contain the 
 overflowings of my heart, nor defer assuring my dear 
 brother how highly I am his obliged and most affec- 
 tionate Sister, Hester Pitt. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO LADY HESTER PITT. 
 
 (November 21, 1755.) 
 I am infinitely happy, my dear Lady Hester, in your 
 having proved successful with Mr. Pitt in a matter in
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 151 
 
 which my heart was so deeply interested : this proof of 
 his kindness and friendship to me is the only remaining 
 one that he could give me. I receive it with all pos- 
 sible gratitude, and will call upon you and him very 
 soon, to tell you how unalterably I am your most 
 affectionate Brother. T. 
 
 LADY HESTER PITT AND MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 (November 21, 1755.) 
 The affection and generosity of my dearest brother 
 affects me so strongly, and in so many various ways, 
 that I find no words to express the sentiments with 
 which my heart is filled, nor am I literally in a situa- 
 tion to write any farther. 
 
 ( The remainder of this letter is in the hand-writing 
 of Mr. Pitt.) 
 
 The heart of one brother does not overflow more 
 with nobleness and affection, than that of the other 
 does with the warmest, quickest, deepest sentiments of 
 love and gratitude. Your most endearing proceeding 
 touches and moves my mind even to a distress of the 
 sweetest kind. How decline, or how receive so great a 
 generosity, so amiably offered? I am little better able 
 to hold the pen than Lady Hester. We are both yours 
 more affectionately than words can express. We could 
 have slept upon the Earl of Holdernesse's letter; but 
 our hearts must now wake to gratitude and you, and 
 wish for nothing but the return of day to embrace the 
 best and noblest of brothers.
 
 152 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1755. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 (November 22, 1755.) 
 Words are not made to express the sensations of my 
 heart on the kind and noble friendship which my dear 
 Lord Temple pours upon us, but as silence is impos- 
 sible, though language is ineffectual, I will say in a 
 word, that I am more yours than my own, and that I 
 equally love and revere the kindest of brothers and 
 noblest of men. Ever, ever, your devoted, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (December, 1755.) 
 Lord Temple is of opinion, and I am now as much 
 so, that it is best not to move an amendment to the 
 appropriation. I think we may, with as much effect, 
 assert our insular plan, by declaring that we mean to 
 enable his Majesty to defend the dominions of England, 
 and not to lay foundations for continent operations. I 
 think this the rather, because under the words of last 
 year's grant, any troops taken for various eventual 
 purposes, provided the defence of England be one of 
 them, are now continued within the appropriation. Si 
 quid novisti rectius istis, I will do as you would have 
 me. Tuesdav night. 
 
 MRS. GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (December 23, 1755.) 
 I believe you must content yourself, my dearest love, 
 to know nothing by this post but what relates to your
 
 1755. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 153 
 
 own fireside, for since your going, I have seen nobody 
 able to give me the least information that I can depend 
 upon, but if the card table to-night furnishes me with 
 any materials, they shall be added in a postscript. 
 
 V * 7r ^ff *7F w ?F 
 
 The news of the day is, the Speaker having been 
 detained in his chair expecting Mr. Hume Campbell's 1 
 writ to be moved, he having told the Speaker yesterday 
 that it would happen to-day, but after having waited a 
 considerable time Lord Marchmont 2 was consulted, and 
 having said he had heard nothing upon the subject from 
 the Duke of Newcastle, the House was adjourned, and 
 Mr. Hume remains in statu quo. Lord Sandwich 3 and 
 Mr. Ellis 4 have kissed hands for the third of the Vice- 
 Treasurership. Lord Sandys is unprovided as yet. 
 
 Mr. Dodington 5 kissed hands yesterday. 
 
 There has been a report in town to-day that the Duke 
 of St. Alban's 6 had shot himself as he was going to Italy, 
 
 1 Brother to Lord Marchmont, and at this time M.P. for Berwick. 
 He was made Lord Registrar of Scotland. He died in December, 
 1760. 
 
 2 Hugh Home, third Earl of Marchmont. He died in January, 
 1794, and the peerage became dormant. 
 
 3 John, fourth Earl of Sandwich. Upon the resignation of the 
 Duke of Bedford, in 1748, he became First Lord of the Admiralty, 
 and was soon after employed to negociate the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. 
 He was subsequently Secretary of State, and again First Lord of the 
 Admiralty. He died in 1792. 
 
 4 Mr. Welbore Ellis, afterwards Lord Mendip. In 1703 he became 
 Secretary at War, and many years afterwards Secretary of State for 
 the Colonies. He died in 1802, aged 89. — See a character of him in 
 Walpoles Memoirs of George the Second, vol. ii. p. 142. 
 
 8 " That so often repatriated and reprostituted Dodington is again 
 to be Treasurer of the Navy." — Walpole Correspondence, vol. iii. 
 p. 180. 
 
 6 George, third Duke of St. Albans. The report was unfounded. 
 He died in 1786.
 
 154 GHENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 but it is not credited, and nobody knows whence the 
 report arose. 
 
 Lady Temple is here, and has just told me that Henry 
 is arrived from Bath ; he had drank tea with her, and 
 complained heavily of the time he had passed. Mr. Pitt 
 and Mr. Potter set out this morning as they intended : 
 Henry met them upon the road. 
 
 Once more adieu ! my dearest Love. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, January 3, 1756. 
 
 My dear G renville, — A thousand thanks to you for 
 imparting to me, with your own hand, the happy event 
 in the family. My warmest felicitations attend you and 
 Mrs. Grenville, who, I hope, is as well able to bear the 
 intrusion of the very affectionate compliments of her 
 friends, as Lady Hester was at the same period of her 
 progress through the straw. Another Grenville, that 
 is, another Englishman l , who will one day love and 
 help to serve his country, is a most seasonable recruit to 
 the age. 
 
 I heartily and joyfully welcome this little honest 
 Briton into a degenerate world, and accept him as a 
 happy omen, not only of the new year, but of a better 
 
 Mr. Pitt was a true prophet upon this occasion. He refers to 
 the birth of a child who afterwards became the Right Honourable 
 Thomas Grenville, and who, having reached the patriarchal age of 
 ninety-one, died in December, 1846. This venerable and most excel- 
 lent person did indeed " love and help to serve his country." He has 
 immortalized his name and memory by his bequest to the Trustees of 
 the British Museum, for the use of the British nation, of one of the 
 most splendid libraries ever formed by a private gentleman.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 155 
 
 and nobler order of times to come. My health, which 
 you remember so kindly, is pretty well, indeed, quite so, 
 the remains of a cold excepted. Potter is better, and 
 gains ground every day. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. POTTER TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Prior Park, Saturday, January 3, 1756. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Mine are not congratulations of form. 
 They proceed from a heart warmly interested in every- 
 thing which affects your happiness. 
 
 Mr. Pitt has just communicated to me the highly 
 agreeable news of Mrs. Grenville's safe delivery. I 
 rejoice that more Grenvilles are born, but I rejoice 
 much more that those of that name whom I love and 
 honour receive an addition to those comforts which 
 their own virtues will increase into the greatest bless- 
 ings. You will serve the public in a private station by 
 assisting Mrs. Grenville in the task for which you are 
 both peculiarly fitted, the educating those who are to 
 be the supports of the public. In every station your 
 country will be your debtor. So will your friends. It 
 is my pride to rank myself under that class, and it is 
 my comfort that some little sameness of disposition has 
 contributed more to bring me into the number of them, 
 even than my pride. I shall imitate you when I can, 
 and where I cannot I am contented to admire you. 
 
 T. P.
 
 156 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Sunday, March 21, 1756. 
 The pain in my face and ear is so much more 
 troublesome that I would avoid, if I could, an un- 
 necessary trip to town to-morrow. I therefore beg you 
 will be so good to let me know by the bearer, who 
 is ordered to return to-morrow morning very early, 
 whether Sir George's inflexibility holds out, and the 
 tax on plate 1 is to be forced upon us to-morrow. I am 
 at present muffled up with flannel, but will come up 
 (unless much worse) accordingly as your note shall 
 inform me. Lady Hester is very well, and hopes to 
 see you some time or other. W. Pitt. 
 
 MRS. GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 April 20, 1756. 
 I am happy to hear, my dearest Love, that you got 
 safe to Wotton ; for notwithstanding all your boasts 
 about the practicability of the country, I think the 
 roads must be such as to make utter safety rather a 
 piece of good luck than a certainty, for we have had a 
 deluge of rain either night or day, and sometimes both, 
 since you went out of town. 
 
 1 The tax upon plate formed part of Sir George Lyttelton's Budget, 
 as Chancellor of the Exchequer: a sum of five shillings was to be 
 levied for every one hundred ounces, as far as four thousand ounces, 
 and all persons were to enter the amount of their plate at the Excise 
 Office. It produced, says Horace Walpole, but 18,000/.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 157 
 
 Lady Exeter ' has made a will, by which she has left 
 all her fortune, consisting of 70,000/., to Lord Exeter, 
 for his life, and afterwards to Mr. Tommy Townshend 2 , 
 according to her father's desire. Her distemper was 
 the same as Lady Granby's 3 , a St. Anthony's fire, 
 which struck in and seized her brain. I heard yester- 
 day that the Bishop of London withdraws his preten- 
 sions to the interruption of the Duke of G 's road 4 , 
 
 so that it is once more confidently said that the Duke 
 of Bedford will be defeated. 
 
 The news of the town is that there are fresh pro- 
 posals of peace just imported, so advantageous that we 
 shall certainly accept them. There is a Prince of Nas- 
 sau, a sovereign just arrived, who is much admired for 
 his beauty, and a Morocco Ambassador, as much ad- 
 mired for his great politeness (though he does not speak 
 a word in any known language) ; he gives the prefer- 
 ence to Lady Caroline Petersham 5 before Lady Coven- 
 
 1 Wife of Brownlow, ninth Earl of Exeter, and sole daughter and 
 heir of Horatio Townshend, third son of Horatio, first Viscount 
 Townshend. She died on the 17th instant. 
 
 2 Grandson of Charles, second Viscount Townshend. He was made 
 a Lord of the Treasury in 1765, and in 178*2 Secretary of State; he 
 was soon after created Baron and Viscount Sydney, and died in June, 
 1800. 
 
 3 Lady Francis, daughter of Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of 
 Somerset; she married the Marquess of Granby, in 1750, and died 
 in 1760. 
 
 4 Now called the New Road, leading from Paddington to the City. 
 It was considered to be very advantageous to the Duke of Grafton's 
 property, but as it was intended to pass near the back of the gardens 
 of Bedford House, it was objected to by the Duke on account of the 
 dust it would make, and of some proposed buildings which would in- 
 terfere with his prospect. Bedford House stood upon the site of what 
 is now Bedford Place, Bloomsbury Square, and was taken down about 
 fifty years ago. 
 
 s Lady Caroline Petersham was the daughter of Charles, second
 
 158 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 try' ; he says she is a glorious creature, and handsomer 
 than either of his three wives. The Duke of Rich- 
 mond 2 has put the Prince of Nassau in possession of his 
 house at Whitehall during his stay in England ; they 
 went yesterday together to Newmarket. The Duke of 
 Cumberland is gone there, but is to stay but two days. 
 I met Mrs. Admiral West 3 at Lady Cobham's on 
 Sunday ; she had then had no letters from the Admiral, 
 and therefore gives no credit to the reports of their 
 being put back into Plymouth. 
 
 Postscript. — From the most genuine authority, news 
 is just come that the French sailed from Toulon the 
 9th, with twelve ships of the line, six frigates, with 
 16,000 men on board, three months' provision, and the 
 Duke of Richelieu at their head ; this is a stolen march, 
 
 Duke of Grafton, and wife of William, Viscount Petersham, who suc- 
 ceeded his father the 8th of December, 1756, and became second Earl 
 of Harrington. She died in June, 1784. 
 
 1 Maria, eldest daughter of John Gunning, Esq., and wife of 
 George William, sixth Earl of Coventry. She died Sept. 30, 1760, of 
 consumption, and her death was the subject of some beautiful lines, 
 by Mason : — 
 
 " Think of her fate ! revere the heavenly hand 
 
 That led her hence, tho' soon, by steps so slow ! 
 Long at her couch Death took his patient stand, 
 
 And menaced oft, yet oft withheld the blow ; 
 To give reflection time with lenient art, 
 
 Each fond delusion from her soul to steal; 
 Teach her from folly peaceably to part, 
 
 And wean her from a world she loved too well." 
 
 2 Charles, third Duke of Richmond, K.G. He married in April, 
 1757, Mary, eldest daughter and co-heir of Charles third Earl of 
 Ailesbury. He was sent Ambassador to the French Court, in 1765, 
 and in the following year made Secretary of State. He died in 1806. 
 
 :i Admiral Temple West was a nephew of the late Lord Cobham, 
 being the second son of his eldest sister, Maria Temple, who married 
 Dr. West, and afterwards Sir John Langham. Admiral West married 
 Frances, daughter of Admiral Sir John Balchen. He was for some 
 time M.P. for the borough of Buckingham. He died in 1757.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS 159 
 
 as the Government here expected no such attempt till 
 the 20th; they are gone to Minorca 1 ; all faces here 
 lengthen upon it, and the greatest face of all could not 
 forbear to take the same dimension. This is my friend 
 and first intelligencer that has waylaid me that you 
 might hear the news. 
 
 The news in the paper of the French ships taken 
 is true. 
 
 MR. ELLIOT 2 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 May 25, 1756. 
 
 Ye fields and woods, my refuge from the toilsome 
 
 world of business ! I know it well, Wotton is a perfect 
 
 Paradise ; who would live in London, or think of the 
 
 public, who may enjoy undisturbed his plantations, his 
 
 1 This is the expedition which Admiral Byng encountered at Minorca, 
 and with which he so unfortunately declined to engage. 
 
 2 Mr. Gilbert Elliot, second son of Sir Gilbert Elliot, of Minto. 
 He was M.P. for Selkirk, and afterwards for B,oxburghshire, and third 
 baronet upon the decease of his father. In December, 1756, he was 
 made a Commissioner of the Admiralty Upon the retirement of Lord 
 Bute, in April, 1763, the Duke of Newcastle writes to Mr. Pitt: — 
 " My Lord Bute and Mr. Fox have taken good care of their friends. 
 A second reversion of so considerable an office as Justice Clerk of 
 Scotland, with that which he has already of Keeper of the Signet of 
 Scotland, a place worth 1500/. per annum, for life, seems to me to be 
 an ample reward for Mr. Gilbert Elliot, who has also an employment 
 of Treasurer of the Chambers, worth between two and three thousand 
 pounds per annum." Sir Gilbert Elliot had considerable poetical 
 talent ; he was author of a beautiful pastoral song, mentioned in the 
 notes to Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel, beginning — 
 
 " My sheep I neglected : I broke my sheep hook, 
 And all the gay haunts of my youth I forsook." 
 
 In the Bedford Correspondence, vol. iii. p. 52, Sir Gilbert is said to 
 have died in 1782, but other authorities state that his death occurred 
 in 1777.
 
 160 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 children, and his chicken-yard ! Yet I must congra- 
 tulate with you, that only one Peer 1 was found to speak 
 against a militia. Earl Stanhope 2 opened the debate, 
 professing his love to mankind, his devotion to the pub- 
 lic; then took a solemn oath that, if the Bill passed, he 
 would accept of any commission, however low, and never 
 retreat from any enemy, so help him God! As he 
 began with an oath, he ended with a prayer. 
 
 Lord Granville spoke next ; declared it was a hot 
 day, he would not overheat himself, nor the Lords ; 
 the Bill was impracticable nonsense, a shoeing-horn to 
 faction; ridiculed the manner it passed the Commons; 
 he was against all militias, especially this unamended 
 Bill. 
 
 My Lord Chancellor 3 spoke an hour ; though no 
 friend to foreigners, a friend to a militia, though an 
 enemy to this Bill ; it was a violation of prerogative, 
 inconsistent with a commercial country ; these were his 
 two points. He proved the first by asserting Clarendon 
 and Southampton had desired prerogative in the Militia 
 Act, the 14th of Charles II. ; this Bill a direct repeal 
 of that Act, by making the consent of Parliament 
 necessary to call out the militia ; then a panegyric 
 upon the King, a devout wish that his reign might be 
 long, and his crown not descend to an excellent young 
 prince, tarnished by this law. The second point : this 
 country consists of merchants, artificers, and country 
 gentlemen, all to be defended by an army; warlike ideas 
 incompatible with trade; in twelve years, three hundred 
 
 1 John, Lord Granville. 
 
 2 Philip, second Earl of Stanhope; died 1786. 
 
 Philip Yorke, first Earl of Hardwicke, became Lord Chancellor 
 on the death of Lord Talbot in 1737. He resigned the seals in 1756, 
 and died on the 6th of March, 1764.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 161 
 
 thousand men would be disciplined, &c. — d the 
 
 post: the division 59 to 23 \ The rest next post-day. 
 
 MR. G. ELLIOTT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Loudon, May 27, 1756. 
 
 My dear Sir, — When warm from the debate of 
 Monday, I intended to have wrote you a circumstantial 
 account of it ; I am now glad I was prevented ; it is in- 
 deed not worth recording. My Lord Temple and Lord 
 Halifax exhausted the subject on the side of Militia, 
 and my Lord Chancellor's argument against the Bill was 
 worthy of so great a man, one who declared that day 
 he was no prerogative lawyer. He, too, is a friend to 
 militia ; his idea is, that it ought to consist only of 
 30,000 men ; a fixed revenue for their pay, not to be 
 annually voted ; to depend solely on the Crown. The 
 consent of Parliament to their being called is no doubt 
 a violent encroachment upon prerogative. How could 
 the House of Commons entertain so wild a project? 
 At any time it would have been absurd, much more 
 so under the present auspicious Administration. 
 
 This hint, it is devoutly to be wished, will be adopted 
 next session. The accounts from abroad are very 
 favourable ; we have not indeed beat the French fleet, 
 but Byng is very safe ; he had not passed the Straits 
 the 2Sth of last month. There are letters that mention 
 the Warwick man-of-war being taken by Monsieur 
 Perrier's squadron near the Leeward Islands. The 
 merchants, who are easily alarmed, say that there are 
 
 1 The Militia Bill was rejected. 
 VOL. I. M
 
 162 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 near two hundred merchant ships that must now be in 
 the power of the squadron. The letter which gives 
 rise to this piece of news came to Gordon of Argyll 
 Street, who has an estate in that part of the world, and 
 for that reason the letter deserves little credit. When 
 I leave this place is the most uncertain thing in the 
 world ; my horses, however, are set out, so I flatter 
 myself I am already upon the road. I admired Mrs. 
 Grenville all this winter for her strength of mind and 
 superior understanding, but I now find she has a 
 womanish fondness for lawns and green fields, and cannot 
 live without her children. I love her the more for those 
 infirmities, but I am sorry to say I admire her less. My 
 wife begs her best respects to Mrs. Grenville ; she 
 would wait upon her at Wotton, but every day she is 
 from her children, to be sure, she is miserable. 
 
 With regard to other matters, they stand, I believe, 
 just where they did when you left London. Sir Dudley 
 Ryder 1 dead, his patent not past; Murray, it is said, 
 will succeed him ; I know nothing authentically of it. 
 The House adjourned this day for three weeks. The 
 King looks well. I passed all yesterday with Lord 
 Bute, whom I found deeply affected with the death of 
 Bothwell, his old tutor, to whom, more from habitude 
 than on any other account, he was much attached. 
 
 I hardly expect to hear from you ; when once I go 
 over to Scotland, on me the curtain of intelligence must 
 drop : yet should I be pleased to hear how spring the 
 tended plants, how blooms the shrubby grove. 
 
 1 Sir Dudley Ryder, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, died 
 suddenly on the day that the Attorney General had prepared a warrant 
 for his creation as Baron Ryder of Harrowby. After much negotia- 
 tion, he was succeeded in his office by Murray, the Attorney Gene- 
 ral, who became Baron Mansfield.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 163 
 
 On Monday the Prince and Princess go to the 
 country. The Speaker's 1 speech * was a good one, aricl 
 popular. I stood up to move, or at least to express 
 my wish, that it might be printed, but was stopped, 
 because it seems you can only speak upon the question 
 of adjournment. Ever, dear Sir, &c. Gilb. Elliot. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Thursday, Juue 3, 1750. 
 
 Dear Brother, — I desired Miss Banks to send to 
 Mrs. Grenville such an account as I then knew of what 
 alarms the whole town, and 1 fear will disgrace, if not 
 ruin, this country. 
 
 The letter is from Monsieur de la Galissioniere 2 to 
 the Intendant of the Marine, transmitted in a copy 
 from the Spanish Minister at Paris, to Mons. D'Abreu 5 
 here : it says, that on the 17th the Gracieuse frigate 
 was dispatched for intelligence, which brought back an 
 account of the English fleet which appeared in sight, I 
 think, on the 18th, the French going out to meet them ; 
 that Byng 4 might have engaged them all the 19th with 
 advantage, but did not seem to care for it. On the 
 20th Mons. de la Galissioniere got the wind of him 
 
 1 See Parliamentary History, vol. xv. p. 709. 
 
 2 The Admiral in command of the French Fleet. 
 
 3 The Spanish Ambassador in London. 
 
 4 Admiral John Byng, fourth son of George Viscount Torrington. 
 He had been appointed to the command of the Fleet sent out for the 
 protection of Minorca : but having failed in the relief of that island, 
 Byng returned to Gibraltar, and the French took possession of Minorca. 
 Upon his arrival in England, Byng was tried by Court Martial, and, 
 having been found guilty, was shot on board the Monarque, in Ports- 
 mouth Harbour, March II. 17 07. 
 
 M 2
 
 164 GRENVILLB PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 for a very little while, it shifting in our favour very 
 soon ; that the engagement began, and lasted betwixt 
 three and four hours, but was never general ; that we 
 attacked his rear, which was so closed that we could 
 never penetrate ; that none of our ships continued long 
 engaged ; that all the French officers behaved well ; 
 and that our fleet was out of sight on the 21st. The 
 number of killed on board the French, I think 35, 
 wounded 100 and I don't know how many. 
 
 These particulars I learnt from one who had read 
 the letter, and though I may be mistaken in some little 
 circumstance, I think I tell you pretty near the whole 
 that I heard, and as I heard it. 
 
 We think of leaving London on Tuesday, but our 
 motions are not always of the most certain and deter- 
 mined nature, therefore if Wotton continues in our 
 scheme, you shall hear beforehand. Very late — good 
 night. Many kind loves. 
 
 The French twelve ships of the line, with three frigates. 
 The English thirteen, with five frigates. This news 
 came yesterday. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, June 5, 1756. 
 
 My dear G renville, — I know not how you hermits 
 of Wotton may be furnished with news, or whether the 
 printed papers will be filled with an event that will fill 
 your hearts as it has ours. 
 
 The squadron under Mr. Byng has, after a slack 
 and poor distant cannonade, retired from before M. 
 Galissioniere's squadron, which last is returned to its
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 165 
 
 station before Mahon. By rig is gone to Gibraltar, 
 and if his own account does not differ widely from that 
 of the French, where he ought to go next is pretty evi- 
 dent. He is said to have had one ship more of the 
 line, and to be superior in men to the French. Tyraw- 
 ley 1 is dispatched to Gibraltar, to take the command 
 of that place in the room of Fowke 2 . I dread to 
 hear from America. Asia perhaps may furnish its por- 
 tion of ignominy and calamity to this degenerate help- 
 less country ; for it is not yet quite certain where that 
 cloud, Mr. Perrier, will burst. Quse Regio in terris 
 nostri non plena doloris ? It is an inadequate and a 
 selfish consolation, but it is a sensible one, to think that 
 we share only in the common ruin, and not in the guilt 
 of having left us exposed to the natural and necessary 
 consequences of administration without ability or virtue. 
 The villagers of Hayes rejoice at the good accounts of 
 the inhabitants of Wotton, great and small. They 
 hope the last rain has showered verdure over the walks 
 to match the pastures of Bucks. Lord Temple goes to 
 Stowe, Tuesday ; Prince of Nassau 3 and who not, very 
 soon. This is all at present from the most affectionate 
 brother and sister of Hayes. 
 
 1 James O'Hara, second Lord Tyrawly, succeeded his father in that 
 title in L724, having been previously created Lord Kilmaiue, for his 
 eminent services during Queen Anne's wars. He was a general in 
 the army, and had filled high diplomatic appointments. He died in 
 1774. 
 
 2 General Fowke was deprived of his regiment also, for disobedience 
 of orders in refusing a regiment for the relief of Minorca. 
 
 3 Upon tbe occasion of the Prince of Nassau's visit to Stowe, Lord 
 Temple wrote some verses in praise of his beauty, and Lady Temple 
 an acrostic on the same subject, but neither of them are worthy of 
 quotation.
 
 166 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 MR. POTTER TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bath, June 11, 1756. 
 
 Though the use of pen, ink, and paper is in the most 
 positive terms forbidden, I shall trespass a little to 
 answer your most friendly enquiries. Yet perhaps my 
 answer will not give you much satisfaction, except from 
 the assurances you may receive that I am yet alive, and 
 that while I am so, my sincere respect, and let me say 
 affection, to you and Mrs. Grenville must continue un- 
 changed. I am still at Bath, and cannot even guess 
 when I shall be able to leave it, though within these 
 three days I begin to feel my forces a little recruited. 
 
 I have suffered much, and have been reduced to the 
 very last extremity. 
 
 The gout, which had received in London such formal 
 and full possession of my chest, seemed resolved not to 
 be dislodged, and the repeated attacks between that and 
 the Bath water, had almost laid the scene of action 
 desolate. But for the present the Bath water is tri- 
 umphant. My carcase is indeed miserably ravaged and 
 harassed, and my sole business for this last fortnight 
 has been to repair and recruit it. 
 
 The attempts of the last three days have been more 
 successful than those which preceded, and if the same 
 success continues, I shall natter myself that in a few 
 weeks I may get into my great chair at Ridgmont \ 
 
 As to public affairs I have long considered myself as 
 a traveller of short continuance, and therefore feel no 
 other emotions than the greatest pity for those whose 
 
 1 Mr. Potter's seat in Bedfordshire.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 167 
 
 hearts are not yet quite so abandoned, as to be callous 
 to the public infamy and public misery which has 
 already begun to overwhelm us. 
 
 You may talk of pursuing your private happiness, 
 and of shutting your eyes to those horrid scenes. But 
 it is in vain : you are too nearly engaged, your stake in 
 the public stock is too great to suffer you to be in- 
 different, and yet all efforts will be fruitless. Nothing 
 but a miracle worked by the hand of the Almighty can 
 turn aside the impending perdition. 
 
 Have you wrote to Dr. Hay ? The newspapers have 
 told you that he is turned out from the office of King's 
 Advocate. What zeal is this for the public, and how 
 intently are the thoughts of the Ministers engaged on 
 the successes of the French. 
 
 Adieu ! my dear friend ; continue to me your regard, 
 and recommend me to that of Mrs. Grenville. 
 
 Tho. Potter. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, June 16, 1756. 
 
 My dear Grenville, — When I parted with Lord 
 Temple, I understood you would see him at Wotton in 
 his way to Stowe, and by that means be as well equipped 
 with the news of the times as I am here. 
 
 I conclude you will have met before now, and that 
 nothing would remain for me to impart if I had the 
 pleasure of a walk with you upon the solitary banks of 
 your sylvan river. As to quo sit Romana loco res, 
 I am almost as far from the hearing of it in our own 
 suburban village, as vou are in the midst of your quiet
 
 168 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 wide-spread lawn and deep embowering woods. I hear, 
 however, from Rumour, that clouds gather on every side, 
 and Distress, infinite Distress, seems to hem us in on all 
 quarters. The same weak infatuated conduct that 
 be«at this distress seems determined to increase and 
 multiply it upon our heads. We are as helpless and 
 childish as ever, and worse still ; if any among the 
 ministry are disposed to be men, I hear they would be 
 madmen ; for the regret is that we have no continent 
 war. So much for those at the helm ; the Passengers, 
 the City of all denominations, are in alarm, and think the 
 ship sinking. 
 
 I am in most anxious impatience to have the affair 
 in the Mediterranean cleared up. As yet nothing is 
 clear, but that the French are masters there, and that 
 probably many an innocent and gallant man's honour 
 and fortune is to be offered up as a scapegoat for the sins 
 of Administration. 
 
 The treatment of West ! in particular is, without ex- 
 ample, unjust and cruel ; for as yet nothing appears but 
 that he may be, not only blameless, but most meritorious. 
 I am persuaded he will come out of this persecution with 
 honour. 
 
 We go to-morrow to Ealing to pass a day or two, 
 and from thence to Pinner. Lady Hester is still, thank 
 God, very well, and little Hester 2 a very growing 
 
 1 Admiral Temple West, " whose behaviour," says Walpole, " had 
 been most gallant, was soon distinguished from his chief, and was carried 
 to court by Lord Anson. The King said to West, ' I am glad to hear 
 you have done your duty so well; I wish everybody else had.'" — Me- 
 moirs of George II, vol. ii. p. 228. Admiral West died in 1757, 
 being then one of the Lords of the Admiralty. 
 
 Mr. Pitt's eldest daughter, afterwards married to Charles third Earl 
 of Stanhope. She died in 1780.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 169 
 
 personage in bulk and in favour, not to say in under- 
 standing. 
 
 May health and happiness attend all your paths. 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Pay Office, June 23, 1756. 
 
 My dear Grenville, — We returned this morning 
 from passing two or three days with Jemmy at Pinner, 
 and find in our way to our village the following news of 
 this day: a letter from Barcelona of the 1st of June 
 says, that that day a Lieut. Basset arrived there from 
 Admiral Byng with dispatches to the Admiralty from 
 before Mahon, where he had cruised ever since the 
 action of the 20th, which had ended by the French 
 running away and not appearing again. The Lieutenant 
 left the Fleet the fourth day after the action, and was 
 seven days in getting to Barcelona. Byng, he said, in- 
 tended to disembark his troops the day he left him, in 
 consequence of a Council of War he had called, finding 
 the French did not return. 
 
 We are just getting into our post-chaise. Lady Hester 
 and I could not enjoy this good news with a clear con- 
 science if we had not given our dear friends of Wotton 
 their share in it. 
 
 We are both well, and hope to have the pleasure of 
 embracing you as you go to Petworth. 
 
 W. Pitt.
 
 I7<> GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Aylesbury, Tuesday, July 13, 1756. 
 
 Dear Geenville, — Lady Hester and I are just 
 sotting out for Stowe, and find it no small difficulty to 
 turn our steps from one wished-for object, Wotton, to 
 another of the same description, at so much a greater dis- 
 tance. But among various reasons that have regulated 
 the priority of our visit to Stowe, the consideration of 
 passing the rough road between that place and Wotton, 
 but once, has had no small share. 
 
 Lady Hester has borne her journey well. I left 
 London all in alarms, the French being embarking at 
 Dunkirk. 
 
 We propose staying a week at Stowe, and are so un- 
 reasonable as to hope it may not be impossible that you 
 and Mrs. Grenville may think the road thither less 
 formidable than we do, and that we shall have the pleasure 
 of being together there, before we are at Wotton. 
 
 Adieu ! I hope for a very short time. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, August 20, 1756. 
 Dear Grenville, — Concurrent causes have occa- 
 sioned my silence about our intended expedition to 
 Ridgemont : first, a letter from Potter informed me of 
 his intentions to be in town, and to see me at Hayes 
 about the 15th instant. A second, which I have received 
 a day or two, tells me he is obliged by business to defer 
 his journey to London for ten days. Thirdly, and as 
 conclusively as the last of many reasons for not firing on
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 171 
 
 the enemy, the want of guns, I have been utterly un- 
 able to move for this ten days, by a very awkward, 
 uneasy, but not hurtful malady, nor am I yet able to use 
 my accustomed exercise. News I never attempt to write, 
 and indeed the public papers of the same date always 
 reach Wotton sooner than the Hayes a la main could do. 
 General Fowke's trial has had its nine days, in the 
 wonder of mankind : how monstrous, either the con- 
 viction or the punishment ! Utrum horum : my own 
 opinion is fully formed, as to that alternative, on a mature 
 consideration of the several orders, and I declare that 
 no consideration can make me find in the General wilful 
 disobedience to a clear positive order ; but at most, 
 innocent error concerning the ill-explained intentions of 
 Government. We are all well here (errors as above 
 excepted), and intend that our little colony shall, God 
 willing, receive its increase in the pure air of our village ; 
 a better world to introduce youth to, than the great 
 world — that least and most despicable of all little things. 
 I hope your own happy world (and let me call it ours) 
 is in perfect health. Wotton, with all these showers, 
 must be more than green ; as we say his Most Christian, 
 her most verdant Majesty must look like the Queen of 
 all Pastures. I suppose the Bridge white, and from 
 my couch it enlivens everything about it : deep shades 
 of oak, softening lawns, and tranquil waters, like a lively 
 smile lighting up a thoughtful countenance. I am grow- 
 ing poetical, and shall talk Phoebus very soon, so adieu. 
 
 W. Pitt.
 
 \7'2 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 MR. POTTER TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, Saturday, September 11, 1756. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have seen Mr. Pitt and Lady Hester ; they both 
 appear in perfect health. 
 
 The point disputed between Lord Temple and you is 
 not yet clear to my satisfaction : as yet I have not been 
 able to consult any authorities, but what I have seen in- 
 clines to your opinion. 
 
 There is much talk of an expedition, but the Ministers, 
 I hear, deny there is anything in agitation. Two hun- 
 dred transports are now in pay, artillery is preparing, 
 and six or eight thousand slings (such as bargemen use 
 to tow their boats, and with which soldiers draw cannon 
 when horses cannot be used) are ordered forthwith. It 
 is said, too, the Hanover troops are in motion. Some 
 think the Ministers mad enough to attempt the retaking 
 Minorca at this season. Others suppose it is calculated 
 merely to stop the current of clamour, by pretending to 
 do something. 
 
 The King of Prussia has certainly taken possession 
 of Leipsic, and published his manifesto against the 
 Elector of Saxony. Nothing is talked of but the high 
 spirits of Mr. Byng and the Duke of Newcastle, though 
 I was told this morning that his Grace, being on a visit 
 a few days since to Lady C. Pelham \ was somewhat 
 alarmed at the indignation of the Greenwich mob, who 
 saluted his Grace with dirt, and humbly proposed to his 
 coachman to drive towards the Tower. 
 
 Lady Catherine, widow of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 173 
 
 This morning I heard the whole city of Westminster 
 disturbed by the song of a hundred ballad-singers, the 
 burthen of which was, " to the block with Newcastle, 
 and the yard-arm with Byng." Their music alarmed 
 my devotion enough to draw from me many a hearty 
 Amen. I repeat it again here, and as I think it very 
 probable that a letter from me to you will be opened at 
 the Post Office, in order to inform his Grace what my 
 dispositions to him are, I will subscribe my name in 
 capitals. It is then no other than that of his deter- 
 mined enemy, and your determined and very affectionate 
 friend, Thomas Potter. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, October 10, 1756. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — Lady Hester is as well as can be 
 in her situation, after being delivered of a son 1 this 
 morning, who is also well. She had a sharp time, but not 
 longer than two hours and a half. 
 
 There was notice enough to have Hunter and all 
 comforts about us. My joy, my dear Grenville, will 
 so easily be imagined by one who experiences so many, 
 that I will rather commit it to your thoughts and 
 feelings than to my own words. Dear Lady Hester is 
 so happy with her offspring, that her spirits would easily 
 run away with her, if not beyond her strength, at least 
 beyond the seasonable discretion of the sagest of the 
 Sybils, Mrs. Tyson. 
 
 Mrs. Grenville, I am sure, and perhaps you, will 
 excuse my talking nursery : the young man meets with 
 
 1 Afterwards John, second Earl of Chatham.
 
 I 7 1 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1750. 
 
 general applause for stature and strength : Nurse Cres- 
 well looks with satisfaction, and Nurse Long with envy, 
 upon his quality and quantity. He is, however, as they 
 flatter me, without appearance of heaviness, notwith- 
 standing his size. I hope to have the satisfaction of 
 adding soon a good account of Lady Hester in the 
 critical time of her confinement. 
 
 I hope this will find all Wotton in perfect health. 
 
 I am, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 (In the handwriting of Earl Temple.) 
 
 MINUTES upon Memory of a Paper dated October 15, 1756, laid before 
 the KING by LORD GRANVILLE from Mr. FOX '. 
 
 Some months ago Mr. F. told the D. of N. that he 
 believed Mr. P. would not be induced to come into the 
 K. service, at anv rate without being S. of St. ; and that 
 
 if that was his M y's pleasure, Mr. F. was ready to 
 
 resign. Lord Bar — , ten days ago, came to Mr. Fox, to 
 put him in mind of that conversation, and said that if 
 the D. of N. thought it could be done without offending 
 Mr. F., he would make an offer of it to Mr. P. the next 
 day. To which Mr. F. said he thought it extremely 
 right, and that he was perfectly willing ; that Mr. F. now 
 hoped that negociation with Mr. P. was in great forward- 
 ness, being the only thing could be of service in his 
 M. affairs ; that Mr. F. found his credit in the House of 
 Commons sensiblv diminished for want of authority 
 there, and therefore, as he found it impossible to carry 
 on the King's business, begged his Majesty's leave to 
 resign it ; and that if his Majesty thought him worthy 
 Harris's Life of Lord Hardwicke, vol. iii. pp. 09, 76
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 175 
 
 in that arrangement of any inferior employment not of 
 the Cabinet, he was ready to accept it, and would support 
 the King's measures to the utmost of his power, and give 
 his best assistance thereto. 
 
 LETTER TO LORD CHANCELLOR 
 
 (inclosing the above paper). 
 
 I send you the inclosed paper, as it has probably given 
 you the trouble of coming to town from Wimpole. At the 
 time of Mr. Pelham's death I saw the impossibility of 
 the plan then proposed ; and when I took the seals in 
 consequence of his Majesty's orders, I obeyed them 
 with the greatest unwillingness. How I have behaved 
 since, both to the King and the D. of N., I leave to the 
 D. of N. to relate. I hope now the negociation is in 
 great forwardness with Mr. Pitt, as it is the only party 
 the Kino- can take for the service of his affairs. I feel 
 
 o 
 
 no resentment : if I had any ambition, the course of last 
 summer would have completely cured me of it, and all 
 possible resentment must be over with my ambition. I 
 could speak to the D. of N. upon this subject with as 
 much ease as any other man whatever. Some things, 
 about the time of Mr. Pelham's death, made me angry, 
 which I do not care to call to mind. I think it of conse- 
 quence, as I cannot be of any further service to the 
 Kino's affairs, that I should resign immediatelv, that it 
 may not look like a struggle for power. I do not only 
 say that under that arrangement I will support, but I 
 will do it to the utmost of my power, and in any station 
 I will support the King's measures in Parliament to the 
 utmost of my power, except the measure of governing 
 the House of Commons under the D. of N., which I need 
 not mention, because the impossibility of it excepts itself.
 
 17<> GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 This paper delivered to the D. of Bed., Marl., Wal- 
 degrave, Devonshire, &c. 
 
 Two or three subsidiary treaties concluded, not shown 
 to F. to this day. 
 
 Lord Bute says Fox submitted to have the business of 
 his office done by Holdernesse. 
 
 Resign. 
 
 MR. WILKES TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's Place, October 16, 1756. 
 
 Dear Sir, — After the two spirited pamphlets which I 
 had the honour of sending to you by the last post, I 
 own I feel some reluctance in inclosing the present vile 
 political trash. It is indeed of the very worst kind, for 
 it is a number of Gazettes printed together in an 8vo. 
 pamphlet. I have, however, religiously observed your 
 commands and have sent it, but I really pity you, who 
 have to wade through so much dirt, and thank Heaven 
 it is well over with me. The public indignation is rising 
 very strong against Lord A., and Byng has now every- 
 where some warm advocates, from an idea I hope of his 
 innocence, at least a less degree of guilt, and not from 
 the natural inconstancy of this, and I believe every other 
 country. Poor Byng is the phrase in every mouth, and 
 then comes the hackneyed simile of the Scapegoat 
 
 I have wrote this post to my tenant Dell, to give all 
 possible dispatch to the survey, estimates, &c, he is pre- 
 paring. 
 
 I return into Buckinghamshire the week after next, 
 only for two days, but one of them I give to the feoffees 
 of Aylesbury, and I hope at that meeting to settle with
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 177 
 
 them the affair of the Stone Bridge Road, so far as my 
 dominions extend ; and I take myself to be one of the 
 most powerful princes of your country. I hope to live 
 to say rather of your county; for though we Bucks have 
 been nobly represented at Naples, we have been most 
 scurvily represented at Westminster. 
 
 The letter to Mr. Pitt I could not send to the post 
 till Thursday noon ; for my coach broke down with Mr. 
 Freeman and myself between Berkhampstead and St. 
 Alban's, our honours were laid in the dirt, and we forced 
 to do penance there all night. 
 
 We moralized much how chequered life is, and thought 
 it contrasted well with the agreeable evening we had 
 spent at Wotton the day before. 
 
 I have not yet received the necessary informations 
 to regulate the assize, &c. of bread : as soon as I hear, 
 I must beg your advice and assistance. 
 
 Every brochure shall be regularly sent to Wotton. I 
 wish I could be of any real service to you here : it 
 would be the greatest pleasure to me, for I am, with 
 gratitude and esteem, &c, &c. John Wilkes. 
 
 I beg my respectful compliments to Mrs. Grenville. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, Sunday, October 17, 1756. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I received this morning a letter 
 
 from Lord Chancellor, dated yesterday, at Wimple : his 
 
 Lordship desires, with civil excuses, that I will give him 
 
 the meeting on Tuesday next, in the forenoon '. Though 
 
 1 See an account of the conference and negotiation with Mr. Pitt, 
 in Harris's Life of Lord Hardicicke, vol. iii. p. 77. 
 
 VOL. I. N
 
 1 7^ GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 1 expect our conference will be short and final, con- 
 sidering the negative I go resolved to give to any plan 
 with the D. of N. at the head of it, as well as to any 
 proposal for covering his retreat, in case he wishes to 
 retire from being Minister; yet as it is impossible to 
 be sure, in the present state of things, how far his Ma- 
 jesty may be brought to open his eyes, I beg of you, as 
 I do of Lord Temple, to be in town Tuesday even- 
 ing, at my house in Brook Street, where I may receive 
 your lights and final determinations as to any ulterior 
 conversations with the Court, should they be proposed. 
 
 I am resolved to go to this conference without pre- 
 vious participation with Lord B. I will report the issue 
 afterwards : this, I trust, you will think right. We are 
 all well, and most affectionately yours and Mrs. Gren- 
 ville's. 
 
 LORD HILLSBOROUGH TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 North End, October 26, 1756. 
 My dear Sir, — I was very much disappointed, when 
 I came to your house yesterday morning, to find a letter 
 only. "Think," says Queen Dollalolla, "what must 
 be the sun's surprise rising to see the vanished world 
 away. How greater far the wretched wife's, when 
 stretching forth her arms to fold thee fast, she folds her 
 useless bolster in her arms ! " You make up a little for 
 this bilk, however, in so kindly pressing us to make use 
 of one of your bolsters on Friday, but if we do it that 
 night, we shall be forced to leave it on Saturday, be- 
 cause I, who am an excellent courtier, must kiss the 
 Princess's hand and the fair Augusta's on Sunday. We
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 179 
 
 therefore resolve to be with you on Tuesday next, if that 
 be agreeable to Mrs. Grenville and you ; but if it is not, 
 we beg you to let us know, and we will come on Friday, 
 though but for a day. 
 
 I have ventured to contradict what I heard yesterday 
 reported in town, that Mr. P. had insisted upon Seals 
 for himself ; Lord Lieut, of I. for Lord T. ; Paym. for 
 
 you, and something else for J ; in short, to make a 
 
 family Administration. I am sure that this is false ; 
 and I thought I, being penetrating, saw the design 
 of propagating such a report. Be all this as it will, 
 though I am no Cato, I do from the bottom of my heart 
 sigh, " O ! my country ! " 
 
 Lady Hillsborough ' sends you and Mrs. Grenville 
 her best compliments ; I hope she will honour me so far 
 as to accept of mine. 
 
 I am sorry you will not be a Minister, for I might then 
 find my account as well as gratify my inclination in 
 being, My dear Sir, &c, &c. Hillsborough. 
 
 MR. CHARLES JENKINSON 2 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bond Street, November 15, 1756. 
 Sir, — I was at your door a few days ago to pay my 
 respects to you, and I imagined I should yesterday have 
 
 1 Sister of James, first Duke of Leinster, and first wife of Lord 
 Hillsborough. Their eldest daughter was the Marchioness of Salisbury, 
 who was unfortunately burnt at Hatfield House, in 1835. 
 
 2 Afterwards first Earl of Liverpool. This very eminent gentleman, 
 so distinguished for his talents and for the political influence which 
 he exercised during the greater part of the reign of George III., was 
 indebted for his success in public life to the introduction of Mr. 
 Grenville, at whose recommendation he became Private Secretary to 
 Lord Bute, and in Mr. Grenville's Administration he was made Secre- 
 tary to the Treasury- His numerous letters to Mr. Grenville in this 
 
 N 2 '
 
 L80 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 met you at Court, when I should have troubled you with 
 an affair which 1 am now obliged to make the subject 
 of a letter. I am conscious how unreasonable I am 
 in what I am going to propose, but as I do not mean 
 to trouble you with an application, but only to beg that 
 you would represent a case for me, I hope you will 
 pardon the freedom I take. 
 
 Upon some mention that Lord Harcourt ' made of 
 me to Lord Holdernesse, the latter was so good as to 
 employ me both at his own house and in the Secretary's 
 Office, without any profit or emolument to myself, but 
 with the design alone of instructing me in foreign 
 affairs and the business of that office, and qualifying me 
 for anything of which my friends might hereafter think 
 me worthy ; and as it is commonly supposed that Mr. 
 Pitt will dismiss Mr. Amien 2 and Mr. Digby 3 , who 
 
 collection, show the unreserved and confidential intercourse which existed 
 hetween them for many years. He came into Parliament for Cocker- 
 moulh, in 176], and was a Lord of the Admiralty in 1766, and a 
 Lord of the Treasury in 1767, being then Member for Appleby. He 
 was also for a time Secretary at War, and President of the Board 
 of Trade. He was elevated to the Peerage as Baron Hawkesbury, in 
 1786, and advanced to the Earldom of Liverpool, in 1796. He died 
 in December, 1808, in the 80th year of his age. The title became 
 extinct by the death of his son, the late Earl, in 1851. 
 
 1 Simon Harcourt, second Viscount and first Earl of Harcourt. He 
 was for some time Governor to George III., when Prince of Wales, 
 and he was sent Ambassador to demand the hand of the Princess 
 Charlotte of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, in marriage, for George III. In 
 17 7-2 he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1777 he was 
 accidentally drowned in the park at Nuneham, his seat in Oxfordshire. 
 
 2 Claudius Amyand, Under-Secretary to Lord Holdernesse. as Secre- 
 tary of State, and M.P. for Sandwich. In December, 1756, he was 
 made a Commissioner of the Customs. 
 
 1 At this time M.P. for Ludgershall. He succeeded his brother as 
 cnth Lord Digby, on the 30th of November, 1757, and was advanced 
 to the British Peerage in 1790, by the title of Earl Digby. He died 
 in 1703 6 J
 
 1756. G RENVILLE PAPERS. 181 
 
 are Under-Secretaries in the Southern Province, and 
 perhaps Mr. Rivers, who under the name of Inter- 
 preter of Southern Languages, has also acted as an 
 Under-Secretary, I should think it a high honour to 
 serve Mr. Pitt in either of those employments, and 
 should be obliged to you if you would only mention my 
 name and situation to him, in case he should want any- 
 body in those stations. I mean on this occasion not to 
 use any kind of interest to which I cannot pretend, but 
 so far only as the representation of the case, and the 
 little experience I may have acquired in the Secretary's 
 Office, by serving as a volunteer in it, may recommend 
 me ; and as to my political sentiments, or any other 
 qualifications of which it would be improper to speak 
 myself, I must refer you to Lord Harcourt. Excuse 
 this trouble from, 
 
 Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant, 
 
 Charles Jenkinson. 
 
 LORD HARCOURT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Cockthrop, near Witney, November 21, 1756. 
 
 Sir, — Whatever may be the effect of your generous 
 and friendly endeavours to serve Mr. Jenkinson, it is 
 impossible for me not to take the earliest opportunity 
 of thanking you for so extraordinary an instance of your 
 goodness to a young man, whom you have already laid 
 under an everlasting obligation. 
 
 The awkward situation I have been in has made it 
 impossible for me to serve him, though I have wished 
 to do it, because I know he is a very deserving man. 
 If he should be so fortunate as to succeed to the em- 
 ployment you have recommended him to, I should hope
 
 IS2 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 that his abilities and application will recommend him to 
 Mr. Pitt. 13 at whether Mr. Jenkinson does, or does 
 not succeed, yet your uncommon goodness to my friend, 
 and the great regard which you have shown me upon 
 this occasion, will make me ambitious of deserving your 
 friendship, on which no one can set a higher value than, 
 
 Sir, &c, &c. Harcourt. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bond Street, Tuesday (November 30, 1756). 
 Sir, — I send you with this some papers which I drew 
 up at the latter end of last summer for the use of Lord 
 Harcourt, upon a subject ' which has of late been 
 thought of great national concern : I will beg of you, 
 therefore, to honour them with your perusal, and if you 
 would favour me with your opinion upon them, whether it 
 may be of service at present to commit them to the press 
 as they are, or with any alterations, or whether I should 
 throw them wholly into the fire, it will be acknowledged 
 among the many other favours I have received from you, 
 by Sir, your obedient Servant, C. Jenkinson. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE 2 . 
 
 4 o'Clock, December 1, 1756. 
 My Lord,— I am much concerned to hear that some 
 words now stand part of our Address to which there are 
 
 Mr. Grenville has endorsed this letter as referring to a Pamphlet 
 bout the Militia. The Pamphlet was published by Mr. Jenkinson, 
 about this time ; it is entitled, A Discourse on the Establishment of a 
 National and Constitutional Force in England. 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire was now first Lord of the Treasurv.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 183 
 
 the highest exceptions ; I mean that part in which we 
 are to thank His Majesty for bringing over his Electoral 
 troops, the various improprieties of which are so striking, 
 that it seems the whole Cabinet, at which I had the 
 great misfortune of not being able to attend, unanimously 
 declared against them \ It imports me so much to take 
 a public part against them, that if it be possible for me 
 at any rate, I will go down to the House of Lords to- 
 morrow, and lay my thoughts before them in the fullest 
 and clearest manner ; and if I should not be able to do 
 it then, I will take the first opportunity I can of dis- 
 culpating myself and my own honour. This is a very 
 unfortunate step at the outset, and such a one as Mr. 
 Pitt and I judge will tend to the speedy dissolution of a 
 system of which I cannot make a part longer than I 
 am able to prove myself consistent with myself. 
 
 I feel very unhappy at being obliged to give your 
 Grace this trouble, but it is very unfit for me, in my 
 present state, to attend so much to business as to write 
 even thus much, but I cannot resist such sensations, and 
 I am sure I owe it to justice, and to the frankness 
 
 1 Lord Waldegrave, in his Memoirs, p. 89, alluding to this part of the 
 Address, describes it as " a compliment of mere decency, His Majesty 
 having ordered them over at the request of both Houses of Parliament. 
 But the new chief of the Admiralty (Earl Temple) was of a contrary 
 opinion ; he came, as he told the Lords, out of a sick bed, at the 
 hazard of his life (indeed he made a most sorrowful appearance), to 
 represent to their Lordships the fatal consequences of the intended 
 compliment. That the people of England would be offended even at 
 the name of Hanover, or of foreign mercenaries ; that the thanks pro- 
 posed might raise suspicions that a total change of measures was not 
 intended, which would break that harmony and union now so happily 
 established. He added many other arguments of the same kind, with- 
 out mentioning the true reason of his disapprobation, namely, the Duke 
 of Devonshire's having added this compliment without consulting 
 him."
 
 [84 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 and sincerity your Grace has always treated me with, to 
 apprize your (J race of my intentions the very first mo- 
 ment I can. 
 
 Excuse the confused manner of my writing, and be 
 assured that I am, with the highest degree of respect 
 and esteem, My dear Lord, &c, &c. Temple. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (December 2, 1756.) 
 
 I send the King's Speech inclosed with my copy of 
 the Address. The former I must beg the favour of you 
 to let me have early to-morrow morning, as I have no 
 other copy of it, and must show it to Sir John Phillips * 
 about ten o'clock. Nothing made a bad figure at the 
 meeting, in my opinion, but the change in the line of 
 battle, from Lord Granby 2 to Mr. Sandys 3 ; an immense 
 fall by way of anticlimax. 
 
 Mr. Yorke 4 , I find, has been wearisome and loqua- 
 cious, and no more : but of this no farther than just 
 between us. 
 
 THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 London, December 2, 1756. 
 My Lord, — My time was so much taken up last night 
 that it was impossible for me to acknowledge the receipt 
 
 1 Sir John Phillips, afterwards M.P. for Pembrokeshire ; he died in 
 June, 1704. His son was made Lord Milford, in the Peerage of Ire- 
 land. 
 
 lohn, Marquess of Granby. 
 Edwin Sandys, M.P. for Bossiney. 
 1 Charles Yorke, second son of the Earl of Hardwicke.
 
 1756. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 185 
 
 of your letter. I am very sorry to find your Lordship 
 has such difficulties in regard to the words proposed in 
 the Address to thank His Majesty for bringing over his 
 Electoral troops. I could have wished them out, be- 
 cause I think there is an impropriety in thanking the 
 King for bringing over his troops, and taking no notice 
 of their going back at a time when the danger is very 
 near as great : on the other hand, your Lordship will 
 forgive me if I own that I do not see any great objection 
 to merely thanking the King with having complied 
 with the advice of his Parliament. 
 
 Your Lordship is, however, most certainly the best 
 judge where you think your own honour concerned; 
 and I shall only add, that it will give me great concern 
 to see a system that I flattered myself might be a means 
 of preserving this country, and restoring it to a state 
 of tranquillity, demolished upon a point of this sort. 
 I am, with great truth, my dear Lord, &c. 
 
 Devonshire. 
 
 MRS. GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Saturday, December 4, 1756. 
 
 • • •••••• 
 
 The times have been a little feverish, as you will find 
 from Mr. James Grenville, who, I hear, intends to make 
 part of his journey this evening, after the House of 
 Commons, if no new event happens to prevent him, 
 but lest any should, I will not omit telling you that 
 Mr. Pitt did not kiss hands yesterday. A report pre- 
 vailed that the Address of the Commons was to be
 
 180 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1756. 
 
 altered, corresponding to that of the Lords ', which 
 made it necessary for hirn to go down to the House and 
 suspend accepting the Seals, but the motion was not 
 made, and I hear he takes them to-day, if no extraor- 
 dinary step again puts it off. 
 
 A spurious copy of the King's Speech has been care- 
 fully circulated, I hear, both in town and country, 
 and the Lords were summoned this day to deliberate 
 upon it : some of the printers or hawkers have been 
 taken up 2 . I have taken great pains to get one to have 
 sent you, but have been unsuccessful. Mr. Pitt is not 
 quite so well to-day as he has been. Duke Hamilton 3 
 is better. I will carry my letter in my pocket till the last 
 moment, in order to fill it with anything I can pick up, 
 though I do it with less ardour, as you will hear every- 
 thing from your brother. ..... 
 
 Mr. Pitt 4 has kissed hands, was received very gra- 
 ciously, and all the others have likewise kissed hands, 
 except Potter 5 , who I fear is ill; but for all farther 
 accounts I refer you to Mr. James, who will arrive to- 
 morrow, but is not yet set out. 
 
 1 The clause of thanks for having sent for the Hanoverians, which 
 had been inserted in the Address from the Lords. " Mr. Pitt," says 
 Walpole, " went angry to Court, protesting that he would not take the 
 seals if any such motion passed : it was sunk." 
 
 2 George II. said that if the printer was to be punished he hoped 
 the man's punishment would be of the mildest sort, because he had 
 read both, and, as far as he understood either of them, he liked the 
 spurious speech better than his own. — Waldegraves Memoirs, p. 89. 
 The spurious Speech was burnt by the common hangman, in Palace 
 Yard, on the 8th of Dec, 1756, in the presence of the Sheriffs, &c. 
 
 :i James, sixth Duke of Hamilton, married the beautiful Elizabeth 
 Gunning. He died January 17, 1758, and his widow was remarried to 
 Colonel Campbell, afterwards Duke of Argyll. 
 
 Mr. Pitt kissed hands this day for the office of Secretary of State. 
 ' Mr. Potter had been appointed Joint Paymaster of the Forces.
 
 1756. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 187 
 
 MR, PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (December 12, 1756.) 
 The Bill proposed to be moved to-morrow is, to 
 quarter the Hessian troops during their continuance 
 here, and until their departure. I understand you will 
 find the country gentlemen quite for it. George Towns- 
 hend 1 is eager for it. You need not fear the stay of the 
 Hessians here 2 . You might depend that I should not 
 have given into this matter, if I had not seen the ground 
 clear. The Court, perhaps, rather look on this step as 
 a slur than as a favour. Good night. Ever yours, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Tuesday, December 14, 1756. 
 
 Dear Brother, — Will you be so kind as to call 
 
 here 3 to-morrow morning, that Mr. Cleveland 4 may 
 
 explain to you some matters relating to the 55,000 men 
 
 which are to be voted to-morrow? Hay and Elliot 5 are 
 
 1 Afterwards Viscount Townshend. 
 
 2 " Mr. Pitt is not yet able to attend tbe House, tberefore no inqui- 
 ries are yet commenced. Tbe only thing like business has been tbe 
 affair of preparing quarters for the Hessians, who are soon to depart ; 
 but the Tories have shewn such attachment to Mr. Pitt on this occa- 
 sion, that it almost becomes a Whig point to detain them. The 
 breach is so much widened between Mr. Pitt and Mr. Fox, and tbe 
 latter is so warm, that we must expect great violences." — Walpole Cor- 
 respondence, vol. iii. p. 262. 
 
 3 At the Admiralty ; — Earl Temple was now first Lord. 
 
 4 Secretary of the Admiralty. 
 
 5 Dr. Hay and Mr. Gilbert Elliot had been made Commissioners 
 of the Admiralty, and not yet re-elected. "Mr. Fox," says Walpole, 
 " has already skirmished his borough (of Stockbridge) from Dr. Hay, 
 one of tbe New Admiralty." Fox writes to the Duke of Bedford, " I 
 have set up my Lord Powerscourt at Stockbridge, and will certainly 
 keep out Dr. Hay there." Dr. Hay was, however, re-elected.
 
 188 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 out of Parliament, so the Treasurer of the Navy ' will 
 please to protect his affectionate brother, Temple. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Wednesday, December 15, 1756. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I desire you will tell Mr. Legge 2 
 and Lord Barrington 3 , that I strongly recommend to 
 him to keep the words, the said foreign troops, and to 
 adhere inflexibly to maintain the Bill throughout, rela- 
 tive only, and confined to the exigency that demands the 
 immediate provision, referring the consideration of the 
 general policy of foreign troops at large, to its proper 
 and only time and place, the approaching Mutiny Bill. 
 
 This ground I know to be so tenable, that Fox's 
 attempt to gravel us will be baffled, and his strorig 
 sense, as White's may think it, concerning Dutch, &c, 
 to come in summer, the poorest stuff that ever was 
 uttered. 
 
 I wish I could put on a shoe to hear you to-day. 
 
 Your ever affectionate W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. POTTER TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Prior Park, January 6, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — I have heard of Lord Temple and Mr. 
 Pitt : the first tells me he is in perfect health, and the 
 latter that he is in a fair way of being so. But I hear 
 
 1 Mr. Grenville had succeeded Bubb Dodington as Treasurer of 
 the Navy. 
 
 2 Now Chancellor of the Exchequer. 
 ' Now Secretary at War.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 189 
 
 nothing of you and Mrs. Grenville, and yet there are 
 none in whose happiness I am more interested. If you 
 can spare a minute, use it to gratify my impatience on 
 that suhject. As to myself, I am a little patched up by 
 the waters ; for aught I know, I may lay up stock 
 enough of health to last in London for one whole week. 
 More than this it is chimerical to expect. Mr. Pitt 
 commands me to protract my stay 'till he sends for me, 
 and he has engaged that he or you will give me notice 
 of the first day on which business is expected. When I 
 receive this intelligence I shall be glad at the same 
 time to receive a hint of the particular business likely 
 to be agitated. I shall hold myself in the readiness of 
 a Prussian soldier, to march at a minute's warning. 
 Would to God my arm was as strong as my heart is 
 willing. Do me the favour to peruse the inclosed 
 memorandum. The request is not a great one, and, for 
 reasons which hereafter I will tell you, must be com- 
 plied with. I had rather it should be done on your 
 letter to the Comm r . of Portsmouth, than on one from 
 the Admiralty. Your faithful aud affectionate, 
 
 Thos. Potter. 
 I have taken a house in Hanover Street. 
 
 SIR HENRY ERSKINE 1 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Pall Mall, April 1, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — You wish to know the occurrences of the 
 times, and after all the bustle which we have had, you 
 will be surprised to hear that those who told us we had 
 
 1 Sir Henry Erskine, M.P. for Grail, &c, and a Lieut. -Colonel in 
 the Army.
 
 190 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 no Administration, have not been able to make out the 
 representation of a ministry 1 . 'Tis doubted whether or 
 not Lord Egremont 2 will accept of being Secretary of 
 State ; most people say he has refused : he is gone to 
 Petworth. His Royal Highness the Duke set out this 
 morning for Germany. The command of the forces is 
 left with Sir John Ligonier. All our friends have, I 
 believe, resigned. You will ask about Charles Towns- 
 hend : I cannot learn if he is amongst the number of 
 the resignees, but I have reason to think he has not as 
 yet the honour of that distinguished body. The City 
 talk of making Mr. Pitt the present of his freedom. 
 There is a terrible combustion there. The new, or, if 
 you please, the future Administration, are trying if they 
 can get the money, but they have not as yet proposed 
 their terms. Mr. Dodington, 'tis said, is to be 
 Treasurer of the Navy. Mr. Fox is to be First Lord 
 of the Treasury, and Chancellor of the Exchequer after 
 the Session is over ; and Lord Hillsborough is to suc- 
 ceed Charles Townshend if he makes room for him. 
 But many sensible people seem to think the Adminis- 
 tration will go no farther than it has gone. The Duke 
 of Newcastle is at Claremont, and to continue there 'till 
 Parliament meets. 
 
 Lord Dupplin 3 was told at first by Mr. Fox, that he 
 
 1 See Walpole Correspondence, and Notes, vol. iii. p. 281. 
 
 2 Charles, Earl of Egremont, was eldest son of Sir William Wynd- 
 ham, by Katherine, second daughter of Charles, Duke of Somerset. 
 He succeeded, by special remainder, to the Earldom of Egremont, 
 upon the death of his uncle, Algernon, Duke of Somerset. Lord 
 Egremont married Alicia Maria, daughter of George, Lord Carpenter. 
 He was Secretary of State when he died suddenly in August, 1763. 
 
 Thomas Hay, Viscount Dupplin. He was at this time M.P. for 
 the town of Cambridge. He soon after became Chancellor of the 
 Duchy of Lancaster, and was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary to
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 191 
 
 was to have his Lordship's employment, and afterwards 
 wrote him a letter that His Majesty had dispensed with 
 his taking it at least at present. His Lordship is 
 angry, and gone to the country. Even down to Lord 
 Barrington, all Ministers, and under Ministers, are 
 gone into the country for the holidays. The Minister- 
 makers at Arthurs' are gone to Newmarket, and there 
 is such a scarcity of members that I begin to be afraid 
 of walking the streets lest the press-gang for Ministers 
 should seize me and force me into office. 
 
 Please to present my respects to Mrs. Grenville. 
 The enclosed print is new : you, perhaps, may under- 
 stand, though I don't. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 H. Erskine. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (April 4, 1757.) 
 
 Dear Brother, — Little did you expect to be called 
 from all the dirt of Wotton to the cleanly and delect- 
 able operation of resigning an honourable and lucrative 
 employment, yet such is your hard fate. 
 
 Before vou can receive this, I shall, like another 
 Damien, be hanged, and drawn, and quartered, after 
 having been kept alive upon the rack for some days. 
 The black funereal Earl of Winchilsea, succeeds me 1 , 
 accompanied by Lord Hyde, Sir W. Rowley, Admirals 
 Boscawen and Mostyn, Hamilton and Sandys 2 . Sir F. 
 Dashwood has had it offered to him, and Forbes they 
 
 Portugal, having succeeded his father as eighth Earl of Kinnoul. He 
 died in 1787. 
 
 1 As first Lord of the Admiralty. 
 
 2 See Walpole Correspondence, vol. iii. p. 281, note.
 
 192 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 meant to have, but the King would not hear of it. 
 Elliot by a kind indulgence may likewise stay, if he 
 pleases. Further than this is not yet settled, at least as 
 we can learn. I am to receive my letter of dismission 
 to-morrow. The D. of N., it is said, remains as you left 
 him. What to-morrow will produce, and to-morrow, 
 and to-morrow, I know not : I only know that all the 
 friends mean to throw up I believe on Thursday, so 
 you may be in town early enough for so delightful a 
 function. How this has come to pass and so forth, you 
 know almost as well as I do ; perhaps your brother 
 Egremont has writ you this most terrible news by 
 Saturday's post, and then what I tell you has not even 
 novelty to recommend it. The world is at a gaze, and, 
 when they wake from their astonishment, I fancy the 
 new-fangled nonsense will go to pot. Love to Mrs. 
 Grenville, and, my dear Treasurer of the Navy, good 
 night. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Friday, 12 o'clock (April 8, 1757). 
 Dear Brother, — I kept your servant 'till now in 
 order to be the better able to satisfy that curiosity which 
 is as inseparable from a country life as it can possibly be 
 from a town one. My journal is as follows : — On Tues- 
 day Lord Holdernesse came to me with the dreadful 
 tidings, much offended himself at not being let into a 
 word of this matter 'till the day before ; the enemy ex- 
 pected this would bring on a general resignation, and 
 the whole upon a personal footing ; but we were wiser, 
 to the great surprise and concern of our antagonists : 
 so, behold, on Wednesday night, Lord Holdernesse per-
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 193 
 
 forms, in person, upon the body of Mr. Pitt the same 
 operation as upon mine. Yesterday Jemmy resigned, 
 and, to my great grief, Mr. Potter, who I think has 
 been too precipitate ; though I must tell you that on 
 Wednesday Mr. Fox informed Lord Dupplin that he 
 was to kiss hands as Paymaster General next day, which, 
 however, has not happened. 
 
 Legge gives up his seals this morning. The Admi- 
 ralty now in possession are Winchilsea, Rowley, Bos- 
 cawen, Martyn, Carysfoot, Sandys, Elliot, that is our 
 Elliot, who has declined, and his place to be supplied 
 by Hamilton 1 , if the borough of Petersfield says yea. 
 
 Your brother of Egremont is, I believe, destined 
 to be another Pitt. In this state matters now stand. 
 The Duke of D. to continue till the end of the session. 
 Lord Mansfield to hold the Exchequer Seals, as Lord 
 Chief Justice Lee did before 2 . 
 
 Offers without end to the Duke of Newcastle, who 
 not only stands his ground, but I have now the utmost 
 reason to think that his union with us is as good as 
 done, in which case Foxism must go to the devil, which 
 that it may, is the sincere prayer of your most affec- 
 tionate brother upon this very good day, commonly 
 called Good Friday. 
 
 As for your own resignation, it may keep cold till 
 your return. Love to the coachfull. The freedom of 
 the City in a gold box is thought of for Pitt : the cla- 
 mour very great. 
 
 1 William Gerard Hamilton, so well known by the sobriquet of 
 Singh Speech, at this time M.P. for Petersfield. 
 
 2 It is usual for the Exchequer smls to be committed to the care of 
 the Lord Chief Justice of England, until the new Chancellor is 
 appointed. 
 
 VOL. I. O
 
 194 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 Rapacious Fox has got the reversion of Dodington's 
 Irish place for his life, and his son's. Peerages, it is 
 said, for Digby and Shell) urne. 
 
 The Duke not gone. 
 
 Lord Hardwicke out of town. Anson eager against 
 the new system, &c, &c. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OF HOLDERNESSE. 
 
 Wotton, April 9, 1757. 
 My Lord, — I beg the favour of your Lordship to 
 represent to His Majesty in the most dutiful and re- 
 spectful manner my humble request that he will permit 
 me to lay at his feet my commission as Treasurer of the 
 Navy, with which His Majesty was graciously pleased to 
 honour me. The present situation of the public affairs 
 sufficiently explains the reasons of my giving your 
 Lordship this trouble, and makes it unnecessary for me 
 to detain you any longer than to assure you that I have 
 the honour to be, with the greatest regard, 
 
 My Lord, &c, &c. George Grenville. 
 
 THE EARL OP HOLDERNESSE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Arlington Street, April 11, 1757. 
 Sir, — Having laid your letter, by which you desire 
 leave to divest yourself of your office of Treasurer of 
 the Navy, before the King, His Majesty has directed 
 me to acquaint you that he is graciously pleased to ac- 
 cept of your Demission. I am, &c, &c. 
 
 HOLDERNESSE.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE TAPERS. 195 
 
 MR. HORACE WALPOLE 1 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Arlington Street, May 13 (1757). 
 
 Dear Sir, — I flatter myself that you have goodness 
 enough for me, to excuse the liberty I am now taking. 
 
 The ridiculous situation of this country for some 
 months drew from me yesterday the inclosed thoughts 2 , 
 which I beg you will be so good as to run over and return. 
 
 As it certainly was my intention, so it has been my 
 endeavour, to offend no man or set of men : it most 
 assuredly was my desire to give no umbrage to you or 
 your friends, and therefore I will beg you freely to tell 
 me if there is the least expression which can be dis- 
 agreeable to you or them. 
 
 The paper is a summary of melancholy truths, but 
 which, as my nature is rather inclined to smile, I have 
 placed in a ridiculous light. If it should not displease 
 your good heart, or should divert Mrs. Grenville for a 
 moment, I should be happy ; but I must beg the return 
 of the inclosed copy, as I go out of town early to-morrow. 
 I am, &c, &c. Hor. Walpole. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, June 30, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I cannot deny myself the pleasure of 
 wishing you and Mrs. Grenville joy upon the final con- 
 
 1 On the death of his nephew, in 1791, he became Earl of Orford; 
 or, as he sometimes styled himself, " Uncle to the late Earl of Orford." 
 He died in 17**7. 
 
 '-' I had stated that these " Thoughts " were probably never printed. 
 They are, however, to be found in the 4 to edition of Horace Walpole's 
 Works, vol. i. p. 205, under the title of a "Letter from Xo Ho, a 
 Chinese Philosopher at London, to his friend Lien Chi at Pekin." 
 
 I have to express my obligations to the Right Honourable John 
 Wilson Croker, who has had the kindness at the last moment before 
 
 +- o 2
 
 IMC GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 elusion that was yesterday put to our confusions, when 
 Mr. Pitt kissed His Majesty's hand upon being again 
 possessed of the seals; and I hope and trust that his 
 superior genius will be able to keep the various links of 
 this chain together, and, like the Jupiter of Homer, by 
 having hold of one end of it, he will be able to properly 
 direct and support every part of this system. 
 
 We have no news since the accounts received on 
 Monday of the Duke's having passed the Weser, and 
 the small loss sustained in his retreat ; but I wish 
 that he may not soon be driven further back into the 
 Electorate by the superior force of the French. 
 
 We have also to-day a report that the Empress Queen 
 has recalled Coloredo 1 without taking leave, but I know 
 nothing certain about it, and from the improbability of 
 the affair, I suspect the truth of it. I beg my respects 
 may be presented to Mrs. Grenville, and I have, &c, &c. 
 
 Charles Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, July 1, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — Very soon after I wrote to you on 
 Thursday night we received by the Flanders mail the 
 first account of two very disagreeable pieces of news — 
 that of the Prince of Bevern being defeated by Marshal 
 Daun, and that of Prince Charles with a considerable 
 body of troops having broke out of Prague and defeated 
 that part of Marshal Keith's army that opposed him : 
 and this news has since been confirmed by the Dutch 
 
 rtication to point out the error into which I had fallen, and thus 
 ble me to correct it. 
 The Austrian Minister.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 197 
 
 mail, and by a letter from Mr. Mitchell 1 : I need not 
 trouble you with the particulars of these unhappy disas- 
 ters, the papers are possessed of the greatest part of 
 them; the King of Prussia acknowledges the bravery of 
 his troops, and imputes the ill success to his own rash- 
 ness, and indeed his uninterrupted successes seem to 
 have inspired him with too great an opinion of the infal- 
 libility of his troops, which induced him to make this 
 fatal attack upon the Austrians, who were in a very 
 strong post, fortified with all the art of Marshal Daun, 
 who, I find, is so much esteemed for his knowledge in 
 the science of war, as to be at the head of the Military 
 Academy at Vienna ; we wait with impatience for a far- 
 ther account of this affair and of its consequences ; there 
 have been various reports to-day of there having been a 
 second action to the advantage of the Prussians, and 
 some letters from Holland mention it, but there is.no 
 authentic account come of it, and I fear there is very 
 little credit to be given to it. 
 
 I must also add that what I mention of Coloredo's 
 departure is true, he having applied for a pass for that 
 purpose. 
 
 After this public news permit me to mention some- 
 thing domestic which will surprise you. Mr. Fox is to 
 be opposed at Windsor by Sir James Dashwood, and 
 there is so much danger that they have sent for the 
 Duke of Marlborough 2 express about it. 
 
 1 The British Minister at Berlin. 
 
 8 George, second Duke of Marlborough, K.G., a military officer. 
 lie distinguished himself at the battle of Dettingen. lie was 
 subsequently appointed to the command of an expedition against the 
 French Colonies. He died of a fever, in October, 1758, at Munster, 
 in Westphalia, whither he had gone in command of the British forces, 
 under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick.
 
 L98 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 I ask pardon for troubling- you with the perusal of 
 three tedious pages, and for presuming to send these 
 scraps of news to you who receive so many more parti- 
 culars from so much better hands ; but I know not what 
 impulse drives me to lay hold of the most trifling occa- 
 sions of showing the sense I have of your favours, and 
 of convincing both yourself and Mrs. Grenville how 
 very much I am and ever shall be, &c, &c. 
 
 Charles Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, July 9, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I am extremely obliged to you for the 
 letter with which you was pleased to honour me, and 
 for your indulging me in the pleasure of giving you still 
 further trouble. 
 
 This day a mail arrived from Holland, but it brought 
 no letters directly from Bohemia ; all the accounts we 
 hear are from the Hague, which much diminish the 
 action of Kaurzim, and reduce the sally from Prague 
 absolutely to nothing. There being no letters directly 
 from the King of Prussia makes it probable that he is 
 busily engaged in marches, and that he is resolved as 
 little as possible should be known of his defeat until he 
 had done something to retrieve it. 
 
 The news from the Duke is that the French have not 
 as yet passed the Weser ; that they threaten much and 
 do but little ; that they talk of attacking His Royal 
 Highness, but that he is so posted that he does not ap- 
 prehend so much from them ; and your judgment is 
 certainly right, that the success of the Austrians will 
 not make the French accelerate their motions.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 199 
 
 The town has speculated much both yesterday and 
 to-day upon the Government having taken up 15,000 
 ton of transports ; various, as you may imagine, are the 
 opinions of the uses that are to be made of them, but 
 every one expects and hopes that they will be employed 
 upon some action of vigour. 
 
 I should ask your pardon for sending you a wrong 
 piece of intelligence in my last letter, but being told by 
 the Marlborough family that Sir J. Dashwood was to 
 stand at Windsor, I thought I might rely on such intel- 
 ligence : Bowles, however, was the man ; he had most 
 of the independent on his side, and most of the Beau- 
 clerc interest. Fox spent as much money as he could 
 in so short a time, but carried it at last by a great ma- 
 jority. 1 am satisfied that the Duke of Newcastle and 
 his friends wished most sincerely that he might not 
 succeed. 
 
 I had agreed with Lord Harcourt to meet him at 
 Nuneham on Saturday or Sunday next, that we might 
 go over to Wotton together ; but I presume that the 
 same cause which prevents your stirring from home will 
 make it inconvenient for you to see any one, so that I 
 suppose his Lordship will now put it off till after the 
 increase of your family. 
 
 Between sun and dust we pass a wretched time of it 
 at present in London ; I presume you must feel some ill 
 effects from it in the country, and I fear the sun has 
 diminished the beauty of your lake by his late potations. 
 As the weather, however, has grown hot, the political 
 world seems to have cooled, and mankind seem in 
 general to be in tolerable temper : I hope most sin- 
 cerely that they may long continue so, and that a sum- 
 mer of success may add glory to Mr. Grenville's family,
 
 200 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 and security and content to the public. I beg my 
 respects to Mrs. Grenville, wishing her a boy or a girl 
 as she may like best, and for the sake of the world that 
 it may be as like her as it can be. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, July 19, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — On Saturday last the Duke of Marlbo- 
 rough, Sir John Mordaunt, Generals Conway and Corn- 
 wallis, were sent for up to town to receive their orders ; 
 the three last are to have commands in the designed ex- 
 pedition ; twelve regiments it is said are designed, three 
 only as yet have received their orders, viz., Lord Home's, 
 Hodgson's, and one whose name I forget ; these are all 
 of the Chatham department, and are to march from 
 thence to-morrow to embark. There are also four horse 
 transports taken up, which are designed, I suppose, 
 principally for carrying the officers' horses, and those of 
 the Artillery. 
 
 The French try to alarm us with bad news from 
 America, and of their having defeated our fleets there ; 
 I believe we need not, however, be apprehensive of this; 
 more credit may perhaps be given to a report that the 
 several French fleets that left Europe this spring, having 
 met at a general rendezvous, had proceeded to block 
 up the port of New York, where they detain Lord Lou- 
 don, and prevent his going out to meet Holbourne. It is 
 not supposed, however, that they have troops enough on 
 board to do any mischief by landing ; but the worst mis- 
 fortune seems to be that when Holbourne comes to their
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 201 
 
 relief, it is doubtful whether he may have force sufficient 
 to ascertain success, unless the French should have left 
 some of their men-of-war at their islands for the protec- 
 tion of their commerce. A large reinforcement, how- 
 ever, under Mr. Boscawen, is supposed by this time to 
 be not far from America. A French East Indiaman 
 taken by some privateers, of which you will see the 
 particulars in the papers, is supposed to be worth two 
 hundred thousand pounds. 
 
 This day we received a mail from Holland, and some 
 letters from thence say that the French have passed the 
 Weser, but there is no account come as yet directly from 
 the Duke : I forgot to mention that the troops designed 
 for the expedition are to assemble on the Isle of Wight, 
 and it is said that the dispositions of most of the camps 
 are to be changed. 
 
 We were alarmed last night w T ith what we thought 
 was an earthqake. I felt a very severe shock as I was 
 sitting at my lodging, but it proves to have been a 
 powder-mill blown up near Epsom. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 Charles Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, July 21, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — You will be glad to hear that all our appre- 
 hensions in relation to Lord Loudon 1 , and all the French 
 pretences to victory, are without foundation : yesterday 
 the New York packet arrived, and brings word that 
 Lord Loudon had sailed out of that port with ninety-one 
 sail of transports and five men-of-war, and that they were 
 1 Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in America.
 
 202 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 out at sea proceeding with their voyage with the greatest 
 prospect of success ; and that Lord Loudon (as he had 
 wrote word before) had detained the packet boat until 
 he could send this account; and as it is supposed that it 
 could not be many days after this that he must have 
 joined Holbourne, and as any French fleet coming from 
 the Islands must have probably been to the southward 
 of him when he left New York, and as our fleet must 
 continue advancing on to the northward, it is to be 
 hoped that there is not the least reason to fear their 
 meeting each other, till our fleet becomes so strong as to 
 make such an event desirable. » 
 
 A large train of Artillery, consisting of cannon as 
 high as 24-pounders, is embarking; platforms for batte- 
 ries, and even hav for the horses that were to draw 
 them, are also put on board, and the public seem to be 
 extremely pleased with the secrecy and spirit of this en- 
 terprise. I have, &c, &c. Charles Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, August 4, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I have had the honour of both your 
 letters, and should have answered the first sooner 
 if I had not been absent for a few days from London. 
 
 I left Lord Harcourt at Nuneham on Tuesday, where 
 he proposed to stay until to-morrow, but when he 
 meant to return I cannot tell : he usually spends four or 
 five days there in every fortnight, and as I have let him 
 know of your intention to wait on him, I am sure he 
 will hurry his return there, and will send a servant over
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 203 
 
 to Wotton to let you know it. I am only sorry that the 
 uncertainty of his being there will prevent my being 
 able to meet you there, especially if it should be on 
 Monday or Tuesday next, as it will be impossible for 
 me to know it time enough. 
 
 To make one amends, however, for this loss, I shall 
 wait on you at Wotton with Lord Harcourt, who will 
 take, I know, the speediest opportunity of returning 
 your visit, and who is determined to trouble you for two 
 or three days when he comes, and had directed me, 
 when I left him on Tuesday, to find out when Mrs. 
 Grenville would be well enough to make it agreeable to 
 you to see us. 
 
 I must now be the transmitter of ill news. On 
 Tuesday an account arrived to Baron Munchausen 1 , 
 from Hanover, of the French having attacked the Duke, 
 and forced him to retreat. There are no letters come 
 as yet from the Duke or any of his people, which makes 
 us think the defeat the worse, and the confusion the 
 greater : the letters from Hanover say that there are 
 800 Hanoverians killed ; as to the loss of the other 
 corps, it is not known. The Hessians are said to have 
 behaved well. The Duke sent to Hanover to let them 
 know that they must take care of themselves, as he was 
 no longer able to protect them. Colonel Keppel is so 
 ill in Hanover that he will be taken prisoner ; the rest 
 of the Duke's family are well. We wait hourly for 
 more particular accounts of this affair 2 and its conse- 
 quences, though Heaven only knows in what way they 
 are to get at us. 
 
 Boscawen is extremely angry upon his being sent for 
 
 1 The Hanoverian Minister. 
 
 2 The Battle of Ilastenbeck.
 
 204 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 home : ho has also received a letter of dismission ; he 
 complains that this is a private pique of Mr. Pitt's, and 
 assigns as the cause thereof his opposition to the Navy 
 Bill : he talks in short like a man who has lost 
 a good cruise, and wants to raise a disturbance ; but 
 whether it will go so far as to make him resign his seat 
 at the Admiralty Board I cannot as yet find out, 
 
 Believe me, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, August 9, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 We had yesterday letters from the Duke of the 29th 
 ultimo. The action was not decisive as we at first appre- 
 hended ; the loss does not exceed 1200 men, and it is 
 hoped that His Royal Highness may, on a proper occa- 
 sion, be able to put his fortune to another trial. He 
 continues with his right to the Weser, and when he is 
 forced to quit that river he will, I suppose, cross over to 
 Stadt, and pass the Elbe there. 
 
 Between you and I a great many people complain here 
 of the Hanoverians not doing their utmost to defend 
 their country : their not having raised any irregulars, 
 or disciplined any of their people at a time when troops 
 of that sort must have been of great service in dis- 
 tressing the French, and hindering their advances. The 
 French have done a very unusual thing in recalling 
 their general, Marshal d'Estrees, in the midst of a 
 campaign ; the cause assigned for his disgrace is, that 
 he being a great friend of Marshal Belleisle had shown
 
 1757. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 205 
 
 some countenance to his son, the Duke de Gisors, in 
 preference to the Prince of Soubize, upon which the 
 latter, both jealous and angry, has constantly repre- 
 sented Marshal d'Estrees as dilatory, and not pushing 
 the war with the vigour that he ought, to Madame 
 Pompadour, in whose favour the Prince of Soubize has 
 the honour to be ; and this all-powerful lady, under this 
 pretence, has got this disgrace cast on M. d'Estrees, 
 and has transferred Marshal Richelieu into his command. 
 A letter is come to a merchant of Bristol from a place 
 near Halifax, giving an account of the arrival both of 
 Loudon and Admiral Holbourne at that place, and of 
 the latter having had the success to take transports con- 
 taining 1000 French troops. This we hope to be true, 
 though it does not come immediately from Halifax 
 itself, and though there is no letter for the Government. 
 What a long letter have I wrote you, and how is your 
 goodness to me repaid with torment to yourself. I will 
 presume, however, to add one observation, though they 
 are commonly the dullest part of dull letters. I fear 
 that the change the French have made in their 
 generals will prove to our disadvantage, for Marshal 
 Richelieu, to justify the choice and alteration that has 
 been made, will probably push on the war with the 
 greatest vigour, and there seems to have wanted that 
 alone to have made their superior force already more 
 successful. 1 have, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson.
 
 206 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE'. 
 
 St. James's Square, August 11, 1757. 
 Dear Grenville. — The calamitous state of affairs 
 has brought several distressful questions on the carpet 
 among the King's servants here. My colleagues have 
 declared for sending a body of British troops to Ger- 
 many to reinforce the Duke. This, together with other 
 inadmissible measures, has been (thank God) effectually 
 withstood, but such has appeared, to my judgment, the 
 exigency of things since the loss of a battle, and of the 
 Electorate in consequence, that I have advised a present 
 supply in money, in order to provide for a melancholy 
 and cruel interval, till Parliament shall meet, lest the 
 beaten army retired, and still retiring under the Duke, 
 should want the necessary for a temporary subsistence. 
 In this view a warrant is directed on the million for 
 100,000/., and one for 20,000/. to the Landgrave, 
 now a fugitive at Hamburgh, with the princess' 2 his 
 daughter, lodged in an inn, and without provision for a 
 table. 
 
 This concession I have judged advisable to make 
 upon the grounds of a fatal necessity, to the best of my 
 understanding quite irresistible. 
 
 I wish extremely it could have been in my power to 
 have consulted you, as I intended, before I took the 
 step ; but the moment of decision pressed upon me in 
 such a manner as to render that impossible. 
 
 I trust that you and Lord Temple will be of opinion, 
 
 See Mr. Grenville's reply to this letter in the Chatham Cor- 
 respondence, vol. i. p. 243. 
 
 : Princess Mary, fourth daughter of George the Second, married in 
 1740, to Frederick Prince of Hesse.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 207 
 
 upon fully weighing the whole extensive consideration, 
 that I have not done wrong. My own lights, such as 
 they are, assure me I have made the only tolerable 
 option, in so violent and urgent a crisis ; but, be that as 
 it may, your disapprobation will render me unhappy. 
 My affectionate compliments to Mrs. Grenville, and joy 
 to hear she and the young lady are so well. I am 
 ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 CAPTAIN GEORGE BRYDGES RODNEY 1 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 Dublin, before Rochelle, September 23, 1757. 
 
 My dear Friend, — Hearing the present expedition 
 was a plan of our Friend's 2 was the great motive that 
 induced me to be upon it, notwithstanding the very ill 
 state of health I have been in for some time past, in 
 hopes I might contribute something towards making his 
 Administration what I most sincerely wish it to be. 
 
 I have the pleasure to acquaint you that the begin- 
 ning has been successful. On the 21st we made the 
 land, but it being thick weather the pilots would not 
 take charge of the ships, which obliged us to anchor 
 in the sea, between the islands of Rhe and Oleron. On 
 the 22nd, late in the night, we got into the Road of 
 Basque, and this morning Vice- Admiral Knowles with 
 
 1 George Brydges Rodney, descended from an ancient family long 
 settled at Rodney Stoke, in Somersetshire, and a very distinguished 
 ornament of the British Navy. In 1702 he was made a Vice Admiral, 
 and created a Baronet, January 22, 1764. In 1782 he obtained a 
 complete victory over the French fleet, commanded by the Admiral 
 Comte de Grasse, for which service he was elevated to the Peerage on 
 the 19th of June in that year, by the title of Baron Rodney. He 
 died in 1792. 
 
 2 Mr. Pitt.
 
 208 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 his squadron, had orders to attack the island and citadel 
 of Aix. Captain Howe, in the Magnanime, led, and 
 behaved with such cool and steady resolution, as has 
 (most justly) gained him the universal applause of Navy 
 and Army ; notwithstanding the enemy kept a constant 
 fire from several batteries for thirty minutes, he never 
 returned a shot 'till such time he anchored his ship 
 within fifty yards of the fort, and then kept so terrible 
 and continual a fire for thirty-five minutes as drove them 
 from their batteries, and obliged them to submit before 
 the other ships of the squadron could get into their sta- 
 tions ; but that you may not be led into a mistake con- 
 cerning the other ships, I must acquaint you that they 
 were ordered to keep half-a-mile astern of each other, to 
 give time for anchoring and to prevent confusion. 
 
 General Conway is in possession of the citadel, and I 
 hope to-morrow morning we shall be able to land the 
 army in an advantageous place, a number of proper 
 officers being this night employed in reconnoitering the 
 shore for that purpose. Rochelle will likewise be bom- 
 barded this night or to-morrow morning. Accept this as 
 a token of the very sincere respect I shall always bear 
 you, and believe me to be, &c, &c. G. B. Rodney. 
 
 CAPTAIN RODNEY TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Dublin, off the Isle of Aix, September 29, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The hasty letter I wrote to you on the 
 
 23rd instant, and the account I therein gave you that 
 
 further operations would immediately succeed the taking 
 
 the Isle of Aix has proved without foundation, the time
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 209 
 
 that should have been employed in execution having 
 been mis-spent in holding Councils of War. At last 
 'tis concluded to return, I hope with approbation, the 
 Isle of Aix being certainly a very considerable conquest, 
 not only in regard to its strength (which was one of 
 Vauban's best forts), but likewise as it will for the future 
 prevent the enemy from assembling their convoys in this 
 port. 
 
 I have the pleasure to assure you, that the scheme for 
 taking this place and Rochfort, will, if inquired into, 
 bear the strictest examination, and prove to the whole 
 world, 'twas wise, prudent, and well-timed. I shall con- 
 clude with assuring you I am most sincerely, &c, &c. 
 
 G. B. Rodney. 
 
 MR. ELLIOT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 October 6, 1757. 
 
 Though we have letters this day from the Fleet, I 
 can hardly promise to give you any satisfactory account 
 of their proceedings. Upon the 23rd they entered the 
 Basque road, which is very safe, and sufficient to contain 
 the whole fleet and merchantmen of England. The 
 Magnanime, Captain Howe, and Barfleur, Captain 
 Greaves, attacked very gallantly the fort upon Aix ; in 
 half an hour after their ships were placed, they silenced 
 its guns and carried the place: they made 600 prisoners, 
 and have destroyed the fortifications. 
 
 They suffered little themselves, except in their masts 
 and rigcrincr, though the fort mounted 30 £uns. This 
 action was performed on the 25th. The Admirals 
 in the mean time sounded the coast, and found two 
 
 vol. i. p
 
 210 GRENVILLB PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 landing-places, near the mouth of the river, which they 
 declared to be very practicable : from the 25th to the 
 28th Councils of War were held: a disposition was once 
 made in order to land, but in the issue it was resolved 
 not to land, but to return to England : we don't hear 
 any enemy appeared. They seem to have thought that 
 though they might land with safety, yet it might be 
 hazardous to get off again in case they were pressed. 
 They also" seem uncertain whether the ditch, which is 
 the only fortification on one side of Rochfort, was wet or 
 dry ; in the first place they think it could not be forced, 
 in the other it might be. 
 
 The Fleet is daily expected. Thus ends the expedition. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Whitehall, October 6, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — My negligence has been so great in re- 
 spect to yourself that I am almost ashamed to ask your 
 pardon ; and nothing but the presumptuous confidence 
 that I have in your goodness could make me do it, and, 
 to confess the true cause of my fault : all the while the 
 mysterious business of the neutrality was transacting, 
 between unwillingness to send you uncertain intelligence, 
 and the diffidence I had of every piece of news I heard 
 concerning it, I delayed writing from post to post, until 
 I at the last found myself in the scrape I am at pre- 
 sent in. 
 
 Having thus made my confession, I shall beg leave to 
 inform you, that the Fleet under Sir Edward Hawke is 
 arrived off the Island of lihe, and the troops are landed
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 211 
 
 on a little island called lTsle d'Aix, where the large 
 men-of-war that go up to Rochfort leave their cannon 
 and military stores. This news came first by the Flan- 
 ders mail, and has since been confirmed by the way of 
 Holland ; it is said that our troops found no opposition 
 in their landing there, and that they have since that 
 been equally successful in passing over to the Con- 
 tinent ; that there are no troops of any consequence in 
 that part of France, and that there are about two thou- 
 sand men in Rochfort. 
 
 You were surprised I do not doubt at the unexpected 
 retreat of the Russians : the cause of it is not as yet 
 known, and among the various ones that are conjectured 
 at, the most probable seems to me that they are under 
 some alarm from the Turks. 
 
 We expect every hour to hear something of conse- 
 quence from the King of Prussia, and if he should be 
 successful against the Prince of Soubize, as one really 
 flatters oneself that he will by means of Marshal 
 Lewkald's army, he should be able to so far reinforce his 
 troops in Silesia as to give a check to the Austrians, 
 what a surprising revolution this would be in his favour, 
 after all the desertions he has met with. 
 
 I beg my compliments to Mrs. Grenville, and hope 
 that after all my negligence you will permit me to sub- 
 scribe myself, &c, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 Have you seen the comet 1 ? 
 
 1 The comet now visible was declared by Dr. Bradley not to be the 
 comet whose return, at this time, had been predicted by Dr. Halley. 
 
 The latter, however, did appear at the beginning of the year 1751), 
 and was visible in England for some months. Its revolution being 
 performed in about seventy-six years, it appeared again in 1835. 
 
 p 2
 
 212 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Whitehall, October 8, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — Penitents for a short time are always very 
 good, and sometimes, perhaps, a little troublesome ; 
 though I may incur the censure, I cannot help acquaint- 
 ing you that we are all here both surprised and con- 
 cerned at the return of our Fleet without doing anything 
 of consequence 1 . I know not what Sir Edward Hawke's 
 account is of this affair, but the contents of Sir John 
 Mordaunt's letter I understand to be, that after two of 
 our ships had silenced the enemies' batteries on the island 
 of Aix, and though found stronger than we expected, it 
 was surrendered to us ; that then a Council of War was 
 held to fix on a proper place to land the troops on the 
 Continent, and that such a place was there determined 
 on, and that after that another Council of War was held, 
 to consider whether they should land or no, and that 
 this was then determined in the negative, and that they 
 should return home. All this is past comprehension, 
 and we are at a loss to assign any reasons for such con- 
 duct, and by what I can find, the King, the Adminis- 
 tration, and the public, are equally surprised and con- 
 cerned at it. We wait with patience the arrival of the 
 Generals in town, to hear what causes they can produce 
 for what they have done, or rather for what they have 
 not done. 
 
 The sudden return of the Fleet from Piochfort was the cause of 
 great discontent, and it was not imputed by the people generally to the 
 misconduct of the officers. It was considered that this pacific disposi- 
 tion whs only a preliminary for the Convention of Stade, and to get 
 better terms for Hanover. It was reported that an express had been 
 sent after Hawke, and that immediately, in consequence of it, orders 
 bad been given not to land the soldiers. — Chatham Correspondence, 
 vol. i. p. 277.
 
 1757. 'GRENVILLE PAPERS. 213 
 
 Our accounts from Germany give us to understand 
 that the Russians continue still to retire with precipita- 
 tion, though as yet we know not the cause of it. 
 
 The King of Prussia has not as yet attacked the 
 Prince of Soubize, and we fear from thence that he has 
 met with some unexpected difficulties. I have, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, October 1 1, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I had the favour of your obliging letter 
 yesterday, and I now send you what farther particulars I 
 have been able to pick up of the late unhappy mis- 
 carriage. 
 
 Sir Edward Hawke, who is come to town, disculpates 
 himself, and says that he was always ready to have per- 
 formed his part, and to have lent the sailors that were to 
 have assisted the land forces in the assault upon Roch- 
 fort. I do not find that they pretend to say that they 
 found the coasts stronger or any ways different from 
 what it was represented to them before they left Eng- 
 land ; and what is remarkable, Captain Howe went in his 
 yaul to the coast, landed there with an officer and two 
 sailors, and each with a musket in his hand walked 
 above two miles up the country, entered into several of 
 the houses, gave an alarm to a little fort that fired upon 
 them, but saw no troops, and returned, without any ob- 
 stacle, to their yaul ; and Colonel Clerke, who was the 
 principal engineer, said in my hearing to-day, that he 
 saw no troops on the coast ; and yet, after all this, the 
 only excuse that I can hear alleged for a delay of six
 
 214 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 dnvs, and for coming away at last, was the difficulty of 
 landing; and when they cannot pretend to say that there 
 was anything that could prevent them, they urge that 
 there might he troops concealed, which might not have 
 discovered themselves till they were sure of destroying 
 them. But all this might as well have been supposed 
 at Spithead, and upon as good foundations. Alas ! Sir, 
 this affair will make us the ridicule of all our neigh- 
 bours, and by what I have heard Foreign Ministers say 
 to-day, I am confident it is the subject of many a face- 
 tious dispatch this evening ; and when one considers the 
 uneasiness of the better sort of people at home, and the 
 readiness of the lower sort to rise on every occasion, I 
 own the prospect makes one tremble. Happy are you, 
 Sir, that have a subject that can call off your thoughts 
 from these reflections. We have no news from Ger- 
 many : it is imagined that the Duke must be landed, 
 though we have not heard of him. I have, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 I hear that the King gave Sir Edw. Hawke a good 
 reception, and Sir John Mordaunt an indifferent one. 
 
 CAPTAIN RODNEY TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Dublin, Portsmouth, I3th October, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — As I find the Post Office has thought 
 proper to detain the letters that were sent from the 
 officers of the Fleet employed on the late expedition, I 
 fear those I did myself the honour to write to you have 
 met with the same fate ; not that I shall be least con- 
 cerned at what was contained in them, as I can prove
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 215 
 
 every assertion to be truth ; neither can I ever be 
 brought to think but that the most sanguine expecta- 
 tions might have been answered, had the spirit of His 
 Majesty's instructions been vigorously and speedily 
 executed. This from him who longs to hear how your- 
 self and family are, and who is with real sincerity and 
 respect, dear Sir, &c, &c, G. B. Rodney. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, October 18, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — I had yesterday the honour of your 
 obliging letter, and can most sincerely assure you that 
 I take a great pleasure in executing any commands that 
 you are pleased to give me ; but before I tell you any 
 more particulars of our unfortunate armament, I must 
 acquaint you how difficult it is to get at the detail of 
 facts with any certainty, for I have already heard 
 different officers tell the same fact in so different a 
 manner, that no allowances could bring both relations 
 within the bounds of truth. As to Mr. Howe, I find 
 that all agree that he, the principal Engineer, and two 
 more, were ashore, that they were near Fort Fouras, 
 that a sentinel challenged them, and fired upon them, 
 but the distance is at present very much disputed, and 
 though the first story I sent you I heard from very 
 good authority, I am now told that Howe says they did 
 not go above 400 yards. I find it also acknowledged as 
 true, that though by Mordaunt's orders it appears that 
 he intended they should land immediately upon their 
 coming upon the coast, yet that he then called a
 
 '21Q GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 Council of War, which sat no less than sixteen hours; 
 and that after all this, during the next five days, no pre- 
 parations were even made for landing-, none of the 
 cannon or stores were got into the cutters, neither 
 were the very mantelettes fixed to the boats that they 
 were to land in, 'till so late on the 29th that they had 
 hardlv time to do it ; on that night also, the General 
 quitted the Ramillies, and went aboard the America, 
 designing to land themselves from her, and it was from 
 some resolution they took there, that they ordered the 
 troops back to their transports. As to what passed in 
 the Councils of War it is difficult as yet to know, as 
 Cornwallis is not yet come to town, and Conway came 
 but the day before yesterday. I find however that they 
 consisted of the admirals and the senior captain, and 
 the general officers, and the senior colonel, which was 
 Howard. I believe it is also certain that Conway protests 
 that he was for landing both at the first, and also on the 
 29th ; and if his friends are to be credited, he thought 
 the scheme very practicable ; and by a letter I have 
 received from a person who has seen several of the 
 regiments since their landing, I find it to be the general 
 opinion of the officers that the scheme would have suc- 
 ceeded at first, but think it would not have done on the 
 29th. The number of French troops that were on the 
 coast is a point that is very little agreed on : I have 
 seen no one that pretends to say that they saw any 
 camps, but an officer has assured me that he saw some 
 regiments exercising on the shore, as well horse as 
 foot ; and yet accounts from France say that all the 
 force they had was six regiments of Gardes des Cotes, 
 and two of* regular troops, of all which, two regiments 
 were at Rochelle, two at Fouras, and four at Rochfort :
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 217 
 
 it is also affirmed that the King of France said at his 
 levee : " By this time the English are in possession of 
 Rochfort, and it will cost me thirty millions of livres to 
 repair the injury they will do me;" the sum seems 
 rather extravagant. I do not hear a word of batteries 
 on shore, but they saw them every day enlarging their 
 works at Fort Fouras. The point the generals rest 
 their defence on, is the difficulty of retreating to their 
 ships, in case there had been a superior force ; but to 
 this it is answered, and universally allowed, that if they 
 had taken Fouras, they might have retreated in de- 
 fiance of any number of troops, and they might have 
 made a trial of what they could do there, before any 
 troops could come to attack them : this fort was weaker 
 towards the land than the sea, so that it was the 
 business of the land forces rather than the sea, and yet 
 the pilot engaged to run a ship so near to the fort as to 
 batter it with success if they would venture her being 
 run ashore : this fort once taken, it was thought that 
 nothing would then oppose them up to Rochfort. 
 
 Having been so tedious upon this unhappy affair, I 
 will mention what I have vet to sav in as few words as 
 possible. You heard perhaps on Saturday night, or 
 else permit me to surprise you with telling you now, that 
 the Duke' has resigned all his employments: the cause 
 is, the displeasure of the King upon account of his con- 
 duct in Germany, but what has particularly passed 
 between the King and him since his return I know not. 
 
 We hope that the King of Prussia will show the 
 French that they are to be beaten ; but if he does not, 
 we cannot think that they will besiege so very strong a 
 
 1 The Duke of Cumberland.
 
 218 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 place as Magdeburgh so late in the year with 16,000 
 men in it. I have, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. ELLIOT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 October 18, 1757. 
 
 I send you, my dear Sir, the reasons of the Navy 
 Board, which I had copied a great while ago, and, as 
 you rightly conjectured, forgot to transmit to you. I 
 wrote to you last post a long letter upon the expedition, 
 which I had the prudence to throw into the fire. I 
 cannot yet venture to trust my pen with that subject : 
 I can only say that after having carefully perused the 
 Councils of War, letters, &c, and also held many con- 
 versations upon the subject with those who were present 
 and privy to all that passed, I still remain unable to 
 comprehend the reason why nothing was attempted. I 
 can make no doubt but the commanding officers have 
 two great a regard for their character not to attempt 
 the clearing up this hitherto unexplained proceeding. 
 
 The resignation of a great personage is at present 
 the general topic. 
 
 CAPTAIN RODNEY TO MR. GRENVILLE 
 
 Portsmouth, October 19, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — Yesterday I was favoured with yours of 
 the 13th, from Wotton, and imagined you was in the 
 country, by my not having the honour to hear from you 
 sooner, as I waited with some impatience at this import- 
 ant crisis, having a great deal to communicate to you,
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 219 
 
 had time permitted me to have seen you (but for an 
 hour) in town, which I was fully determined to do, had 
 you been in London ; now 'tis too late, as Sir Edward 
 Hawke is come to Portsmouth, and we sail to-morrow 
 or next day at farthest. 
 
 The author of the detracting pamphlet called the 
 " Genuine Account," has mixed truth with falsehood ; 
 but as to the dissension at the Councils of War (if any), 
 he cannot be a judge, unless 'twas from the extraor- 
 dinary length of them, which made people conclude that 
 variety of opinions prevailed therein. This, I can as- 
 sure my friend, that though he will find my name to the 
 first Council of War, 'twas on this single point only, 
 viz., that Rochfort could not be taken by escalade, if 
 pallisadoed, or a wet ditch. This opinion of mine was 
 grounded upon the opinion of all the generals and en- 
 gineer, that no place so provided could be taken by 
 escalade. As I was totally unacquainted with the nature 
 of land attacks, I hope you will think I was obliged to 
 depend upon the judgment of those who were supposed 
 to be masters of their profession; but I must beg you 
 will take notice that I was far from the opinion that 
 Rochfort could not be taken or destroyed by other 
 methods, or that the troops should not land; for, from 
 the first to the last, I continued firm in that resolution, 
 nor could I ever see any cause to alter it. 
 
 What will be your surprise when I tell you that the 
 Isle of Aix surrendered the 23rd, at two o'clock in the 
 afternoon, and the Council of War (which ought to have 
 been held that moment, if necessary) was not summoned 
 'till the 25th. To me it appeared astonishing, as by 
 my letter to you of the 23rd you will know what I 
 thought ought to have been done instantly ; and so cer-
 
 220 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 tain did it appear to me at that juncture, that I bad. 
 prepared all the boats and troops on board the Dublin, 
 to be ready at daylight to obey the signal, which I 
 expected would then be made for landing the troops 1 . 
 What infatuation prevented our taking that happy op- 
 portunity when the enemy were totally unprepared to 
 dispute the landing, I am as yet at a loss to know. 
 
 The malicious reports, propagated with a design to 
 mislead the minds of people, are without the least foun- 
 dation of truth 2 , the Viper sloop of war being the only 
 vessel that brought despatches during our stay in the 
 road of Basque, which despatches were published in 
 the Gazette of the 13th instant. Vide Mr. Pitt's letter 
 to Sir Edward Hawke. 
 
 I could say much more to you on the propositions 
 1 made to the Commanders-in-Chief, in regard to dis- 
 tressing the enemy by taking the Isle of Oleron, if 
 they would not land on the main ; but as my opinion 
 was not then regarded, and as I should be unwilling to 
 fall in your esteem by talking of myself, I shall conclude 
 this long epistle with assuring you that I am most sin- 
 cerely, Dear Sir, &c., &c. G. B. Rodney. 
 
 P.S. I have the pleasure to tell you my health is 
 restored ; hope you and all your family are perfectly 
 well. On my return from this cruize I hope to see you, 
 when you shall know the whole of this unhappy affair. 
 
 1 See Captain Rodney's letter of Sept. 23, ante, p. 207. 
 'I he alleged secret pacific instructions before mentioned. Horace 
 AValpole and Lord Chesterfield refer also to these reports, which were 
 evidently very current at the time.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 221 
 
 CAPTAIN RODNEY TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Portsmouth, 21st October, 1757. 
 
 Forgive me, my dear Sir, for being thus impertinent 
 in troubling you with my letters, but as you were pleased 
 to tell me you should always be glad to hear of every 
 occurrence that happened in the Fleet, I cannot help 
 telling you the surprise that an alteration in the com- 
 mand of the Fleet destined on the present cruize occa- 
 sioned, as it seems to bear the appearance of reproach, 
 and points out as delinquents the junior Admirals that 
 served on the late expedition. 
 
 Yesterday they received orders to remain at Spithead, 
 to make room for Vice-Admiral B — s — n to command 
 in the second post. We cannot refrain from thinking 
 that avarice has in a great measure been the motive to 
 these alterations, and that the good of the public must be 
 subservient to private emolument ; for can it be possible 
 to imagine that two Admirals are sufficient to command 
 thirty sail of the line, when the unhappy man 1 who suf- 
 fered last spring laid his misfortune to the want of a 
 third officer, and the enemy we are now in hopes of 
 meeting have three at least. 
 
 The hope of prize-money, and the unwillingness to 
 have others partake with them, seems to have banished 
 true honour from the breast of those who ought to 
 prefer it to every other consideration, and contributes 
 likewise to discourage officers in general, as it contri- 
 butes to prevent their promotion to that rank they hope 
 (by their services) to obtain. 
 
 Forgive me, my dear Friend for thus unburdening my 
 bosom to you, and you alone, who I am well assured 
 
 1 Admiral Byng.
 
 222 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 have the honour of your country at heart, and must 
 sincerely despise those whose minds are so very corrupt, 
 that, even in a military capacity, they can prefer wealth 
 to honour. 
 
 I cannot refrain from making you acquainted with an 
 anecdote worth your notice, as it will more clearly give 
 you an insight into men. On a certain expedition the 
 Commander-in-Chief applied to the Admiralty to appoint 
 him a first Captain, that he might be better enabled to 
 perform the important service he was going to execute ; 
 their answer acquainted him that the Order of Council 
 ordained that Admirals commanding twenty sail of the 
 Line should always have two Captains, but that his fleet 
 was composed only of sixteen. The present Fleet is 
 composed of thirty sail, but neither has the Admiral 
 applied, or the Board thought proper to appoint a first 
 Captain. The motive you can guess when I tell you the 
 first Captain ranks and shares as a Rear- Admiral. 
 
 However I make no doubt but we shall give a good 
 account of the enemy, if we are so fortunate to meet 
 with them, and hope I shall ever prove myself worthy 
 the friendship you are pleased to honour me with, and 
 am, Dear Sir, with the utmost sincerity, &c, &c. 
 
 G. B. Rodney. 
 
 P.S. AVe are now getting under sail. 
 
 MR, WILKES TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Great George Street, Saturday, 
 
 October 22, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — I wished extremely to have paid my com- 
 pliments to you the two last posts, but I found it impos-
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 223 
 
 sible. Ever since I have been here I have been sur- 
 rounded with Milton's evil spirits, beseeching and be- 
 sieging me. This is my first hour of leisure, which I 
 most cheerfully dedicate to you ; as cheerfully as an 
 honest man can enjoy life in the present public calamity. 
 There is the most general discontent I ever knew, and 
 every person I converse with, of all parties, seems to be 
 under the dread of something very terrible near ap- 
 proaching. Party is almost annihilated, and we all look 
 up to the holy Theban band, as alone capable to avert 
 the impending ruin. The City will take the lead, and 
 will address the Throne. Great interest is making to 
 ward the blow, but it will be ineffectual. The publica- 
 tion of Mr. Pitt's letter 1 has done him infinite service, 
 and mankind do justice to his singular merit. The 
 truth is now generally known, and the saddle laid on the 
 right Ass. We are much diverted here with a plain 
 blue coat, and a modest uncockaded hat ; only we are 
 apprehensive that the French will take this opportunity 
 of invading us, now we are deprived of our great 
 General 2 . Poor Britain ! and yet scarce one of her 
 sons seems sensible of so important a loss. Hawke has 
 been frequently in the city, and has sent his banker and 
 
 1 To Sir Edward Hawke and Sir John Mordaunt. It was said that 
 Sir Edward had secret instructions to return to England by the end of 
 September. Mr. Pitt's letter directs that notwithstanding any such 
 instructions he is to continue with the Fleet such a further time as 
 may be necessary for the completion of the intended operations, after 
 which they are to return in the manner before directed. See a good 
 account of the Secret expedition in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1757, 
 p. 456. 
 
 2 An allusion to the Duke of Cumberland, who had resigned all his 
 employments on the 15th instant, in consequence of his cold reception 
 by the King, after having concluded the Convention of Static, or, as 
 it is oftener called, the Treaty of Closter Seven. — See Walpoles Memoirs 
 of George the Second, vol. iii. p. 00.
 
 22-i GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 others to the Exchange, who have abused Mordaunt in 
 the grossest terms. " Mordaunt fills the trump of fame, 
 Gazettes are crowded with his name," &c, &c, the 
 whole from Swift will make an excellent parody for 
 Monday's balladins. 
 
 If I can get a printer to venture his ears, you shall 
 have it at Wotton. 
 
 Lord Lincoln 1 proposes to send for Clive 2 from the 
 East Indies, as we have not one fighting man here. I 
 beg my compliments to Mrs. Grenville, and am with the 
 sincerest gratitude and respect, 
 
 Dear Sir, your most obliged humble Servant, 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Whitehall, October 22, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — I send you what few circumstances I 
 have been able to pick up, since I troubled you last, 
 relative to our unfortunate expedition. A very sensible 
 officer told me that he thought he very soon saw that 
 General Mordaunt :i had lost himself, and that the world 
 
 1 Nephew and heir to the Duke of Newcastle. His mother was 
 Lucy, daughter of Thomas, Lord Pelham, and sister to the Duke of 
 Newcastle and Mr. Pelham, and he married his cousin Catherine, 
 daughter and co-heir of the latter. She died July, 1760. He suc- 
 ceeded to the Dukedom by special remainder, in 1708, and died in 
 1794. 
 
 Captain, afterwards Lord Clive, who was now at the commencement 
 of that splendid career in India, which has since immortalised his 
 name. " One of those extraordinary men," says Walpole, " whose 
 great soul broke out under all the disadvantages of an ugly and con- 
 temptible person." 
 
 Walpole gives a somewhat similar account of Mordaunt at this 
 ' Mordaunt had been remarkable for alertness and bravery, but
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 225 
 
 was mistaken in his character ; that he grew peevish ; 
 that he talked of the affair they were going about as a 
 very sharp piece of work, and particularly on the night 
 they were to debark. He said that he believed that it 
 was the greatest attempt that England had made since 
 the days of Edward the Third. General Conway also 
 by no means answered the idea that had been enter- 
 tained of him, though he was better than the other two; 
 and it is remarkable that not one of the generals went 
 out to reconnoitre the shore all the time they were off 
 the coast, until about five hours before they were to 
 debark, when Conway went. The distance that Captain 
 Howe and Colonel Clerk walked on the shore was two 
 miles, as I sent you word at first ; the last of these gen- 
 tlemen told me so himself just now. The same person 
 assured me that there was no occasion to have stopped 
 to have taken Fouras, and that after taking Rochfort, 
 for facilitating their retreat, they might have sent a 
 couple of battalions for reducing Fouras, which would 
 have been sufficient. In short, this gentleman, who 
 was the only Englishman upon the expedition who had 
 been before at Rochfort, and of course was the only 
 person that knew anything of the matter, is clearly of 
 opinion that the attempt was easy to be executed, 
 
 I have the pleasure also to inform you that the world 
 here is totally satisfied with Mr. Pitt, and the publica- 
 tion of his letter ' has thoroughly wiped off the scan- 
 was much broken both in spirit and constitution, and fallen into a 
 nervous disorder, which bad made him entreat, last year, not to be 
 sent to America, lest it should arVect his head, and bring on disorders 
 too familiar to his family." — Memoirs of George the Second, vol. hi. 
 p. 46. 
 
 1 See ante, p. 223, note. 
 
 VOL. I. Q
 
 226 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 dalous aspersion that had been published in relation to 
 the recall of the Fleet. 
 
 We expect every hour an account of the death of the 
 Empress of Russia 1 , she having been taken so ill, that 
 there was not the least hopes of her recovery. 
 
 The Duke has kept retired in an ill humour at 
 Windsor, until this day, when he came to town on ac- 
 count of the celebrity 2 . 
 
 The Hanoverian Regency and His Royal Highness 
 are very much displeased with each other. There is no 
 talk of giving away his regiment. 
 
 I forgot to mention that when Conway was presented, 
 the King spoke to him, but he did not to Cornwallis 3 . 
 I have, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Whitehall, October 27, 1757. 
 
 Dear Sir, — By a Cartel ship, arrived from Calais, 
 we have an account that the plague had broken out at 
 Lisbon, and that orders had been given to prevent the 
 entrance of the ports of France to any ships that come 
 from that most unfortunate city. Though we hope that 
 this affair is not quite so bad as it is represented, yet 
 our ministers have been very busy all last night and to- 
 
 1 The Czarina did not die before 1762. 
 
 2 The Coronation-day. 
 
 1 Colonel Edward Cornwallis, brother to Lord Cornwallis. He was 
 M.P. for Westminster, and a Groom of the Bedchamber. Walpole 
 says of him, that he was " as cool as Conway, and as brave, and indif- 
 ferent to everything but to being in the right. He held fame cheap, 
 and smiled at reproach." He died in 1776.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 227 
 
 day, considering of proper regulations to prevent its 
 being communicated to this kingdom. 
 
 A commission is to be given to Sir John Ligonier to 
 command the Army ; and this circumstance, as well as 
 others, makes me think that there is no probability of 
 a reconciliation between His Royal Highness and the 
 King, and, indeed, the friends of the former are ex- 
 tremely angry with the latter ; they say that he has a 
 mind to throw the blame of the loss of the Electorate 
 upon His Royal Highness, and they talk in rather an 
 indelicate manner on the occasion. I have, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, October 29, 1757. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I can begin this short epistle by 
 imparting the happy news of the alarming report con- 
 cerning Lisbon being disproved, letters having come 
 from that place of as late a date as the 14th, which 
 mention nothing of any distemper raging there. Our 
 glad tidings, my dear Grenville, are confined to the 
 class of negatives ; and when so spoiled a game as the 
 public affairs will produce any actual positive good, God 
 knows. 
 
 Our fleets are abroad, and those of France, I believe, 
 all out of their ports. The King of Prussia keeps the 
 field, and his cause is still alive. An event or two may 
 yet change the gloomy prospect. Immense expense I 
 see is unavoidable, and the heavier load of national dis- 
 honour threatens to sink us with double weight of mis- 
 fortune. But I will leave this melancholy theme to 
 
 q 2
 
 228 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757, 
 
 your meditations, instead of troubling- you with mine, 
 though pernoctant nobiscum peregrinantur, rusticantur. 
 The purpose of my letter was to desire the pleasure 
 of your company at dinner on the King's birthday, in 
 case you are not promised to the Duke of Newcastle, or 
 elsewhere. I understand you propose leaving Wotton 
 about the 6th of November, and by that day, according 
 to Lord Temple's sarcastical Chronicle, it will be as 
 much as you can do to disengage. Proud of his gravel 
 as of the Appian Way, his Lordship does intimate that 
 you are knee-deep in the delightful scenes of Wotton. 
 I will still figure to myself far other things, and sup- 
 pose not the mud nymphs, but the fair-haired naiads 
 claim your rural hours. I conclude your bridge is 
 finished, and is really, with its accompaniments, delight- 
 ful : we pass ours, namely, that of Westminster, as fre- 
 quently as we can. We see our little people and draw 
 the village air by snatches at most. My health by this 
 help, thank God, holds out, under constant unpleasing- 
 labours. Hayes most affectionately greets Wotton col- 
 lectively. Your ever affectionate brother, W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Whitehall, October 29, 1757. 
 Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure to acquaint you that 
 yesterday brought us letters from Lisbon, which make 
 not the least mention of the plague, from whence we 
 conclude that the news of it must have been false, 
 though it has left us at a loss to think how the French 
 could be deceived in it, as it is hardly to be supposed 
 that they meant purposely to deceive us.
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 229 
 
 I met this day a French gentleman whom I knew 
 about three years ago, and who had been five years an 
 officer in the marine of France. He told me that he 
 had been at Rochfort, and he gave me a detail of the 
 fortifications of that place, agreeing exactly with what 
 Col. Clerk says of it, that it is enclosed only with a 
 single wall, that it has a dry ditch, and that it may be 
 approached by land without taking Fouras, &c. This 
 evidence I thought was of some consequence, as there is 
 a Moris. Bonneville who pretends to have been at Roch- 
 fort, whom Mr. Conway took with him, and who con- 
 tradicts the account that Clerk gave of the place, and 
 on whose opinion it is thought the Generals a good deal 
 relied. 
 
 I hope another week will give me the pleasure of 
 seeing you in town. I have, &c. Charles Jenkinson. 
 
 While I was writing my ears were saluted with the 
 cry of a ballad on the Ditch of Rochfort, which I send 
 you. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's Square, 4 o'clock (November 15, 1757). 
 The King of Prussia has gained a complete victory 
 over the Prince Soubise, near Weisenfels, in Saxony. 
 The battle 1 was the 5th of November. 4000 French 
 killed, but 6()0 or 800 Prussians killed and wounded ; of 
 the latter, the King's brother, Prince Henry, wounded 
 slightly in the shoulder. Cannon, standards, colours, 
 drums in abundance. The King of Prussia in full pur- 
 suit of the enemy, towards the Unstrut, a deep and 
 
 1 Of Rosbach.
 
 230 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 rapid river. Richelieu said to be retiring with precipi- 
 tation from Halberstadt. Prussian army 20,000 men. 
 Soubise's, including troops of the empire, 50,000 men. 
 Heaven be praised for this great event! And now to 
 dinner with a better appetite. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Stowe, November 24, 1757. 
 I am very glad, my dear brother, to hear from all 
 parts so happy a confirmation of the King of Prussia's 
 unexampled success : it is an event that will cost France 
 very dear, but I think too we shall not come off cheap ; 
 however, it is, perhaps, our last stake. I intend to be 
 in town on Tuesday evening or Wednesday morning, 
 pay my affectionate duty at the birthday, join, in all hu- 
 man probability, my affirmative yea to the anniversary 
 ode in prose on Thursday, and then return to the gravel 
 of Stowe 'till after Christmas. Many observations occur 
 upon all the glorious, and all the infamous events, of 
 this year: I will trust none of them to paper. I will 
 only send my affectionate compliments to Mrs. G., &c. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR, GRENVILLE. 
 
 Tuesday, December 13, 1757. 
 Dear Brother, — Jemmy charitably sent me the 
 certain account of the Prince of Bevern's complete 
 victory ; the Austrians were Soubised, and I waited 
 with impatience to enjoy all the Gazette particulars of 
 last Saturday. No Gazette ! but behold a d d ex-
 
 1757. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 231 
 
 traordinary one from Brussels : lying, impudently false 
 as that paper is generally, I am a little staggered from 
 so many circumstances, and wait in the most painful 
 anxiety 'till to-morrow night, unless some charitable 
 Parson in the neighbourhood should relieve me from 
 my doubts by his intelligence, before. 
 
 CAPTAIN RODNEY TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Dublin, at Spitliead, 
 Wednesday morning (March 15, 1758). 
 
 Dear Sir, — I have deferred writing to you till 
 General Amherst 1 was come, because I would not give 
 either my friends or enemies reason to imagine I was 
 unwilling to go anywhere His Majesty's service re- 
 quired. The moment I was made acquainted that Mr. 
 Pitt had desired the Dublin might supply the place of 
 the Invincible, with pleasure I got her ready for sea ; 
 my friend the Governor has acquainted me with the 
 motive of her being ordered. 
 
 As a friend I may say to you, that as an officer I feel 
 myself injured by the Admiralty in being ordered to 
 serve in America as a private captain, when a junior 
 captain has so considerable a command in that part of 
 the world ; and for what I know we may chance to 
 meet, which must render it very disagreeable to me, as 
 I know but of one alternative, either his broad pendant 
 
 1 General Amherst distinguished himself at the several battles of 
 Dettingen, Fontenoy, Lauffeldt, and Hastenbeck. He was now 
 appointed by Mr. Pitt to the command of the expedition against 
 Louisbourg. He was subsequently made a Knight of the Bath, and 
 created Baron Amherst, and a Field Marshal. He died at the age of 
 81, in 1707.
 
 232 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1757. 
 
 being struck, or my being- in honour obliged to resign : 
 but I hope our destination will be far distant from each 
 other. 
 
 I presume you know that I am solely intrusted with 
 the estate and concerns of the Compton family x : the 
 young man comes of age the latter end of the summer, 
 and as 'twill be necessary I should be at home to settle 
 his affairs, I must beg your interest with our common 
 friend that my ship may be ordered home when the 
 service is over she was sent on. 
 
 I need not acquaint you with my reasons for desiring 
 the Commander-in-Chief may have such orders. You 
 know him : you remember the Navy Bill 2 , you know his 
 resentment, and in case a squadron should be ordered 
 to winter in that part of the world, if he thinks it will 
 be disagreeable to me, I know if left to him my ship 
 will be one that stays. Excuse this trouble, and believe 
 me to be, &c, &c. G. B. Rodney. 
 
 P.S. — The wind, which has been so long easterly, is 
 now shifted to the west, but if moderate, nothing shall 
 prevent my sailing. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, March 28, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — A messenger arrived yesterday from Mr. 
 
 Lorenzi, the King's Electoral Minister at the Hague, 
 
 who brought an account that Prince Ferdinand had 
 
 Captain Rodney bad married Jane Compton, sister to Spencer, 
 eighth Earl of Northampton. She died in 1757. 
 
 : He had been Member for Saltash, and he probably alludes to a 
 vote he had given in Parliament contrary to the wishes of Lord Anson, 
 who was now First Lord of the Admiralty.
 
 1758. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 233 
 
 gained a victory over the French ; but there were some 
 circumstances in this intelligence that soon made us be- 
 lieve that the whole of it was not true, and by the mail, 
 which is since come in, we find that the French have 
 certainly evacuated Hamelen, and continue to retire, 
 and that there have been some great and successful 
 skirmishes, but I fancy no general action. We are, how- 
 ever, still very ignorant of the particulars of everything. 
 
 AVe also wait with impatience for some account of 
 what has passed in the Mediterranean : even the French 
 accounts seem to allow that we had some advantage, but 
 just what, we know not. Upon seeing our fleet, Du- 
 quesne made a signal to his ships to fly and disperse, 
 and in consequence thereof the Pleiade is got into 
 Toulon, but she did not know what is become of her 
 companions. 
 
 The new bishops kissed hands to-day : Seeker for 
 Canterbury, Hume for Oxford, and Yonge for Bristol 1 . 
 
 I am extremely obliged to you for your kind wishes 
 that I was at Wotton, and I can sincerely assure you 
 that my own wishes are there also, and I should never 
 want fine weather to make that place or your company 
 agreeable ; but as I consider myself at present as 
 serving an apprenticeage, I am unwilling to play until 
 my time is out. I have, &c, Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 CAPTAIN RODNEY TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Dublin, at Vigo, March 29, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I dare say you will be surprised at re- 
 ceiving a letter from me dated at this place, but when 
 
 1 Dr. Thomas Seeker had been Bishop of Oxford ; Dr. John Hume 
 wns translated from Bristol; and Dr. Philip Yonge had been Canon 
 Residentiary at St. Paul's.
 
 234 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 you learn the cause, I natter myself you will not be dis- 
 pleased. 
 
 On the 21st instant, being in the latitude of 49.00 
 degrees, about twenty-five leagues to the westward of 
 Ushant, I fell in with and took a French ship called 
 the Montma/rteli from the East Indies, bound for Brest; 
 he is about five hundred ton, loaded with coffee, but of 
 no force. As the wind was southerly, my officers would 
 fain have had me seen him into Plymouth, from which 
 port we were about twenty-four hours' sail ; but as I 
 considered the consequence of the service I was ordered 
 on, and that the General who was to command was on 
 board my ship, I did not hesitate a moment in sacrificing 
 my private interest to the public welfare, and therefore 
 made the best of my way to the southward, which is 
 the passage I am ordered to take, but it proving little 
 wind, I did not make the coast of Spain 'till yesterday, 
 and the prisoners being very sickly, I thought it prudent 
 to put them on shore, and see the prize into Vigo, where 
 I hope their Lordships will favour her with a convoy, as 
 she is very valuable. 
 
 If my conduct in this affair meets with Mr. Pitt's and 
 your approbation, I shall be happy, and you may depend 
 that no time shall be lost from prosecuting my voyage 
 with all the dispatch imaginable. I beg you will pre- 
 sent my respects to Mrs. Grenville, and when you see 
 them, to the good people who lately favoured me with 
 their company at Portsmouth. I beg you will permit 
 me to assure you that I am with real respect and sin- 
 cerity, dear Sir, &c, &c. G. B. Rodney. 
 
 P.S. — I sail to-morrow if the wind permits.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 235 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, April 4, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — By the last accounts, from Germany, it is 
 very plain that the French have no design to make a 
 stand on that side the Rhine, and some of them have 
 already begun to pass it at Dusseldorf ; they have also 
 totally evacuated the Pays de Hesse, Prince Henry of 
 Prussia having advanced into that country to drive them 
 out of it. I am apt to think they will take care to 
 secure Gueldres and Wesel. We have sent Brudenel's 
 regiment to garrison Emden. I understand, also, that 
 the King of Prussia has declared that he will accept 
 £500,000 of us; so that I suppose we shall next week 
 have the state of public affairs open to the House of 
 Commons. I do not hear that as yet there is any ac- 
 count come from the Mediterranean, and yet I cannot 
 help flattering myself that we have at least taken two of 
 their men-of-war. 
 
 It is generally now said that the Bill of Habeas 
 Corpus is to be thrown out of the House of Commons 1 . 
 I am very certain, however, that they at least intend to 
 attempt it. 
 
 I fear that you must feel very sensibly this cold weather 
 after the dog-days of the last week. Lord Holdernesse 
 has been very much out of order ever since Saturday 
 with a cholic. I have, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 1 The Habeas Corpus Bill passed the House of Commons, but was 
 rejected by the House of Lords, after long debates.
 
 236 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 May 13, 1758. 
 Dear Sir, — We received yesterday the melancholy 
 account that the Prince 1 had taken fire at sea, and that 
 the ship, with above half the crew, were burnt; but 
 that Admiral Broderick, who was on board her, and the 
 Captain, were among the saved. 
 
 We also received yesterday an account that De la 
 Clue 2 was got back to Toulon, and that they are going 
 to disarm those ships. 
 
 We have at present nothing very particular from the 
 Continent, but that the King of Prussia continued still 
 advancing in Moravia. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 COUNTESS TEMPLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 May 13 (1758). 
 
 I am heartily glad to hear you are so well, though I 
 am in low spirits myself, for our poor little friend, Ben 
 Bathurst's son, who I am afraid is no more. Broderick's 
 ship by some accident took fire, and it was with great 
 difficulty he saved himself. 
 
 I desired Lady Hester Pitt to get me what informa- 
 tion she could, as soon as I heard of this accident, and 
 I have sent you the note she sent me last night. The 
 King has expressed great concern at it ; he has been ill 
 
 The Prince George had about 780 souls on board, of which it was 
 true that more than half were drowned, and the ship burned to the 
 water's edge. 
 
 1 The French Admiral.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 237 
 
 of a cold and kept his bed, but is better again. I was 
 at Leicester House last Thursday : I met with great 
 civility from the Princess, and she said many kind 
 things of you, which always pleases me best. 
 
 I am sorry to hear you have company ; as you have so 
 many things to do, and so little time, I believe you could 
 have spared it. 
 
 I am, your most affectionate little Wife, 
 
 A. Temple. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Friday, June 9, 1758. 
 
 My dear Brother, — Though I have desired Mr. 
 Elliot to write the particulars of the good news which 
 arrived very late last night, I cannot help felicitating 
 you upon the landing of our troops in Cancale Bay. 
 
 The troops were detained unluckily two days by a 
 calm between the Islands, and though this must have 
 taken off part of the surprise, and have given notice, 
 yet no troops were got to oppose the landing. 
 
 Probably Lord Anson has alarmed the coast towards 
 Brest. The passage of the Rhine is said to have been 
 the finest operation that ever was executed. Cancale 
 Bay is seven miles from St. Maloes. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (June, 1758). 
 
 Last night the express arrived about 12 o'clock from 
 St. Malo. The troops reimbarked on the 12th without 
 loss.
 
 238 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 They found the place stronger fortified than they ex- 
 pected : the ground all round very much cut and dif- 
 ficult. Some prisoners gave intelligence of a body of 
 forces not far from them, which as they said might 
 amount to about ten thousand men. Several difficulties 
 and circumstances relative to the securing a retreat pre- 
 vented, it is said, the army from being able to march 
 and meet them in a collected body ; and upon the whole 
 view of things, it was judged right to reimbark, which 
 was executed with great order and safety. 
 
 One man only was shot by the enemy, two by our own 
 people for marauding. 
 
 This is the amount of the loss on our side. All the 
 enemies* shipping in the harbour are burnt and de- 
 stroyed, amounting to one hundred vessels of all sorts, 
 among which one 50-gun ship, I forget which, one or 
 two 36-guns, and some privateers. This was performed 
 by the light horse and volunteers, supported by a brigade 
 under the command of General Waldegrave 1 . The 
 troops are not returned yet. Friday, 2 o'clock. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, June 13, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Though we have at present no public 
 
 news to send you, I cannot help filling a page or two 
 
 with the account of a very extraordinary trial which 
 
 happened yesterday, 1 mean that of Dr. Hensey 1 . He 
 
 Younger brother of James, Earl of Waldegrave ; he succeeded to 
 the title in 1763, and died in 1784. 
 
 : Florence Hensey, Doctor of Medicine. He was found guilty and 
 sentenced to death, but afterwards reprieved, and in a few months 
 pardoned.
 
 758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 239 
 
 was convicted on the clearest evidence which the case 
 would admit of (and which could only be circumstantial) 
 of having carried on a correspondence with the enemy ; 
 he himself first applied to France to be employed in this 
 way, and all the wages they gave him was about 100/. a 
 year ; there was found among his papers the very in- 
 structions the enemy had given him on the nature of his 
 correspondence, several of their letters to him scolding 
 him for not sending good intelligence, and the various 
 directions he was to make use of. 
 
 One letter was found that ordered him to write in 
 lemon juice between the lines of an ordinary letter ; and 
 even these letters had been discovered at the Post Office 
 by holding them to the fire, and yet after all this the 
 French were so dissatisfied with his correspondence, 
 that they reduced his annuity to 50/. a year, and they 
 sconced him a guinea for every post-day that they did not 
 hear from him ; and yet after all this hard treatment, he 
 says in one of his letters, that he would do them this 
 service, though they paid him nothing, as he did it out 
 of principle and love of the cause. This poor wretch 
 received a good education in Louis XIV.'s College at 
 Paris, and afterwards took a degree at Leyden, and by 
 some of his letters appears to have been a man of sense. 
 
 I congratutate you on the unexpected success of our 
 little expedition to Africa, and I hope we shall soon hear 
 of St. Malo's being in our possesion. 
 
 I go out of town for a few days on Thursday, I will 
 trouble you with another letter as soon as I come back. 
 I have, &c, &c. Ciias. Jenkinson.
 
 240 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 THE REV. MR. COTTON 1 TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 From on Board the Princess Amelia, 
 at Anchor in Gabreuse Bay, June &0, 1758. 
 
 Sir, — I might justly be deemed ungrateful if I neg- 
 lected any opportunity to acquaint you with the various 
 occurrences of a public nature since I sailed from Eng- 
 land for Halifax, where I arrived the 8th of May, and 
 by the 28th we were joined by all the troops and ships 
 of war (except the Vanguard), and had the good for- 
 tune to meet General Amherst, in the Dublin, going in 
 as we came out of Halifax harbour, who immediately 
 went on board the Admiral's 2 ship, and proceeded with 
 us, and by the 2nd instant we came to an anchor in this 
 bay, and the day following all the transports (except 
 two or three) came to an anchor, and the necessary dispo- 
 sition for landing the troops was made on the 5th and 
 6th ; but the thick fog and great surf prevented from 
 accomplishing the design ; but on the 8th the troops 
 were again in the boats by three o'clock in the morn, 
 and at sunrise our frigates were hauled in nigh the 
 shore to cover the landing, on which the enemy began 
 with throwing shells, and our frigates commenced their 
 
 Mr. Cotton was at this time Chaplain on board the Princess 
 Amelia : an appointment for which he was probably indebted to Mr. 
 Grenville. 
 
 '■ Admiral Boscawen, and General Amherst, with a fleet of one 
 hundred and fifty sail, and fourteen thousand men, had appeared before 
 Louisbourg on the second of June, and, by the end of July, made 
 themselves masters of the place. Boscawen's rough courage was fully 
 known before : Amherst was a cool sensible man, whose conduct, now 
 first experienced in command, shone to great advantage, and the acti- 
 vity oi spirit in Wolfe, who accompanied him, contributed signally to 
 
 the reduction of the place.— Walpotes Memoirs of George the Second, 
 vol. hi. p. 134.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 241 
 
 fire upon the enemy's entrenchments, upon which the 
 boats made in for the shore, and our fire from the 
 frigates was wholly disregarded by the enemy, until our 
 boats had got within half-musket shot of them, and 
 then they began an incessant fire with cannon and mus- 
 ketry, which at first obliged our boats to retire a little ; 
 but they soon rallied again, and made the shore and 
 landed, which the enemy perceiving left their entrench- 
 ments to us. 
 
 They were entrenched for above a mile, and had in that 
 place from seven hundred to a thousand men, besides 
 four or five hundred more posted at every place where 
 there was any prospect of our landing, having cannon 
 from 24-lb. shot to 3-lb., as also 7 and 10-inch mortars. 
 Notwithstanding all these our troops behaved with the 
 greatest spirit and resolution, zealous to surmount all 
 dangers that they were inevitably exposed to, from the 
 advantageous position of the enemy ; and when they 
 beheld the intrepidity of our officers and soldiers, climb- 
 ing up the rocks where they judged it impracticable to 
 land, they were struck with astonishment, and soon after 
 turned their backs upon us. 
 
 We have killed and made prisoners between two and 
 three hundred, and some of them (besides a few de- 
 serters from the garrison) have entered into our marine 
 service ; they are Germans, and highly dissatisfied at 
 their being sent to Louisbourg. 
 
 We had the misfortune to lose in landing the Captain 
 of Highland Grenadiers, and one of the Lieutenants. 
 Several of the officers of the Army and Navy were 
 wounded, and some soldiers and sailors ; the killed, 
 wounded, and drowned, does not amount to one hundred. 
 
 Since our landing the enemy have deserted (he Grand 
 
 vol. i. R
 
 242 <! RENVILLE PAPERS. 1798. 
 
 and Lighthouse Batteries, destroying them and throwing 
 the cannon into the water. 
 
 They have made two or three unsuccessful sallies from 
 
 the town. 
 
 We have blocked up in the harbour five or six two- 
 deckers, and an equal number of frigates and store- 
 ships ; and last evening General Wolfe, who has taken 
 possession of the ground adjacent to their lighthouse, 
 opened several batteries on the shipping, and obliged 
 them to haul in close to the town, though even now they 
 cannot well get out of the reach of Mr. Wolfe's cannon 
 and shells, and by Sir Charles Hardy's being at anchor 
 before the mouth of the harbour with an equal force, it 
 is judged impracticable for them to get out, unless a 
 violent storm should favour them. Some of our cruizers 
 have, within this day or two, brought in a French fri- 
 gate of 30 guns, bound to Canada from Louisbourg, 
 having cr t out before Sir Charles was at anchor there. 
 
 The greatest zeal and ardour has appeared in the Ad- 
 mirals and Generals to do their utmost to execute every 
 scheme for reducing this place, and I doubt not it will 
 shortly be attended with the desired success. 
 
 July 2nd. — I was in hopes by this time to have 
 acquainted you that our batteries had been opened and 
 belaying upon the town ; but I believe the great difficulty 
 in making the roads to draw the cannon, and taking 
 possession of the eminences adjacent to the town, and 
 erecting redoubts to prevent being dislodged by the 
 enemy, are the chief points that have retarded the 
 Army from battering the walls. 
 
 The enemy within these few days have sunk the 
 Apollo, and two or three store-ships at the mouth of 
 the harbour, not to block it up entirely, but to render
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 243 
 
 the entrance so narrow that it will make it more difficult 
 for our ships to go in if they are at last obliged to storm 
 them by sea and land. 
 
 The Island Battery is in some measure rendered 
 useless by one that General Wolfe opened upon it from 
 the Lighthouse side. 
 
 The enemy continue a very warm fire upon our troops 
 in their approaches upon this side, though the loss is as 
 yet comparatively nothing, notwithstanding their fre- 
 quent sallies, which, upon the whole, prove ineffectual. 
 
 All the accounts that we have yet received from 
 General Abercrombie are, that the troops that are to 
 proceed with him against Crown Point were marched 
 for Albany above a month since, and that it was ex- 
 pected Mr. Abercrombie would have an army exceeding 
 20,000, and that General Forbes, with eight or nine 
 thousand men, is marched against Fort du Quesne on 
 the Ohio, in General Braddock's route, and we impa- 
 tiently expect to have good tidings from those quarters. 
 
 These, Sir, are the most material occurrences worthy 
 notice, and I hope you will pardon the liberty I have 
 taken in troubling you with so long a letter, and that in 
 my next I shall have the satisfaction to acquaint you 
 with the success of His Majesty's arms here and else- 
 where in America, as there is no reason at present to 
 doubt but that Louisbourg will in a few weeks be sub- 
 jected to the British Crown. 
 
 I still flatter myself that you will continue me an 
 object of your favours, and that upon my return I may 
 rely on your interest with the same freedom for my future 
 preferment, as I did for what I now enjoy. I am, 
 honoured Sir, with the greatest respect, &c, &c. 
 
 Nath. Cotton, 
 r 2
 
 •244 ORENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 P.S. I forgot mentioning that by all accounts the 
 
 Garrison consists of about five battalions of Regulars, 
 which, with the inhabitants, amount to near 4000, and 
 not many more or less. N. C. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. G RENVILLE. 
 
 Tuesday, June 27, 1758. 
 
 I have just time to send, my dear Grenville, the 
 joyful news that Prince Ferdinand has beat the French 
 near Creveldt, the 23rd instant : victory complete, but 
 no officer yet arrived with the particulars. All the 
 King's generals safe, and but about 500 men on His 
 Majesty's part killed : we are sending twelve squadrons 
 of English cavalry to this glorious school of war, and I 
 hope to share a sprig of Germanic laurel very soon. 
 
 We are all joy here, as you will be at Wotton. My 
 affectionate compliments wait on Mrs. Grenville. I am 
 ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, June 27, 1758. 
 Dear Sir, — We have at last received our mail from 
 Holland; they brought us word that Prince Ferdinand 
 had advanced, and that the French had retreated before 
 them, and this morning an express arrived bringing the 
 joyful news that the two armies had come to an action, 
 and that the French were totally defeated, having lost 
 all their cannon and baggage. This great event hap- 
 pened on the 23rd. We are here full of rejoicings.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 245 
 
 I write this amid the sound of cannon, bells, and mar- 
 row-bones, which are loudly expressing their joy, and 
 I suppose as soon as it is dark we shall have illumi- 
 nations. I understand that four English regiments of 
 Dragoons, and one of Horse, are going to join the Hano- 
 verian army. 
 
 We hear from the King of Prussia that though the 
 siege of Olmutz does not go on very fast, yet that they 
 have no apprehensions of its being relieved, so that the 
 point is secured. 
 
 I congratulate you and Mrs. Grenville on these great 
 successes. 
 
 Not only the fortune of England, but, in my poor 
 opinion, her real intrinsic power, seems to be gaining 
 the ascendant ; and I cannot but think that any one 
 who had well considered the state of the debts and 
 finances of France, at the end of the two last wars, and 
 had observed how all her resources were then ex- 
 hausted, might have foreseen that she could not long be 
 able to pay her armies in this war, and consequently 
 that she could not be well served by them : what 
 should we think of our own situation if the preserva- 
 tion of our country depended on the arrival of two or 
 three ships with treasure ? and yet a Comptroller- 
 General of France has acknowledged, in his Memoires, 
 that his country was once saved by such an event ; 
 and the treasure, though the property of private per- 
 sons, was seized by the Government. I am, &^., &c. 
 
 C. Jenkinson.
 
 •24() GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Thursday morning, June 29, 1758. 
 
 I was not in town when the news of the victory 1 
 arrived, so you happened not to hear from me. The 
 particulars with regard to numbers killed, &c, were not 
 arrived last night from Prince Ferdinand ; but, upon 
 the best accounts to be got from the officer who brought 
 the express, it is thought that the King's army has lost 
 from 500 to 1000, and the French to the extent of 
 perhaps 8000. 
 
 I am told it was said in full circle that there are not 
 better troops in the world than the Hanoverians when 
 they have a good general at their head : that the great- 
 est obligations are due to the King of Prussia for giving 
 Prince Ferdinand to that army : that Prince Ferdinand 
 loves that army, and the troops adore Prince Ferdi- 
 nand, &c. 
 
 Politics are much as they were, and in some particu- 
 lars very good. 
 
 P.S. What is material is, that the reinforcement of 
 15,000 men expected by the French had joined their 
 army the day before the battle. It is thought their full 
 force in the field was about 60,000 men. 
 
 MR. ELLIOT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 July 4, 1758. 
 
 Our expedition, my dear Sir, arrived safely at St. 
 Helens, on Saturday evening; the Volunteers got to 
 
 1 The battle of Creveldt.
 
 17S8. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 247 
 
 town on Sunday ; the Duke of Marlborough, Lord 
 George 1 , and Howe this day. They looked into the 
 Bay of Caen, prepared to attack Cherbourg, but the 
 wind changed, and water and forage were near ex- 
 hausted ; both these articles were ready at Spithead to 
 put to sea, and before this time are on board. But new 
 circumstances require new councils. The transports 
 are ready at Gravesend to receive 1800 horse, the first 
 division of the body destined for the Rhine. Nothing 
 important from the Continent. The French retire to 
 Cologne : Olmutz not taken. We have letters from 
 Boscawen, dated Halifax, May 27th : he sailed next 
 day with the troops. The other operations in America 
 advance, though with no great rapidity : another bat- 
 talion of Highlanders ordered. We sent directions to 
 the Navy Board about the new method of paying the 
 seamen, but have not as yet got their report. I believe 
 they must be roused by more than one letter upon this 
 subject. Our transport account will exceed all imagina- 
 tion this year. 
 
 Marshal Belleisle mourns over his son 2 , who is dead of 
 his wounds : several other noble families have suffered, 
 besides the nameless vulgar. Believe me, &c. 
 
 Gilbert Elliot. 
 
 1 Lord George Sackville, a younger sou of the first Duke of Dorset. 
 Having returned from St. Maloes with the Duke of Marlborough, they 
 set out together immediately for the army in Germany. 
 
 The Due de Gisors, who was killed at the battle of Creveldt. 
 ' He was recommended to me," says Walpole, " when he was in 
 England : I knew him much, and thought as well of him as all the 
 world did. He was graver, and with much more application to im- 
 prove himself than any young Frenchman of quality I ever saw. How 
 unfortunate Belleisle is, to have outlived his brother, his only son, and 
 his hearing ! " Marshal Belleisle died at Versailles in January, 1761, 
 aged 78. He had been Minister and Secretary of State to the French 
 King, for the War Department. He left nearly the whole of his very 
 large fortune to the King.
 
 248 G RENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 MR. ELLIOT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 July 10, 1758. 
 
 The landing of the troops at Cancale Bay, six miles 
 from St. Maloes, tallies very exactly with Prince Ferdi- 
 nand's passing the Rhine ; and these two pieces of news 
 are not ill supported by the accounts we have this day 
 from the coast of Africa. 
 
 The several French forts, settlements, and store- 
 houses on the River Senegal, with a rich booty, consist- 
 ing of merchandize of various kinds, gold, gum, &c, 
 are now in the possession of the English : ninety-two 
 pieces of cannon, seven vessels, and several prisoners of 
 some note, besides the prejudice done to the French 
 East India Company, all contribute to enhance this 
 success. 
 
 The scheme was formed and conducted by the Admi- 
 ralty, and executed by ships and marines only. 
 
 Notwithstanding this success, so extraordinary, and 
 manifested in every different quarter of the world, many 
 people are so malignant as to assert that this auspicious 
 ministry, which plan so wisely, and conduct their enter- 
 prises with equal dispatch and secrecy, is composed of 
 the most jarring and unaccording principles. As Dry- 
 den expresses it — "Gods war with gods, and jostle in 
 the dark." 
 
 Others, still more profane, ridicule Habeas Corpus, 
 and still persist in the old opinion that an Alderman of 
 London is inferior to a Peer of England. All this, with 
 a little philosophy, one can bear ; but when they rise a 
 note higher, and talk contemptuous of the Navy Bill 
 itself, then, indeed, patience can hold no longer; yet 
 upon this happy day, which quietly closes the end of 
 every week, all animosities are laid aside — no Treasury,
 
 1758. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 249 
 
 no Admiralty, no House of Commons, even St. James's 
 is deserted ; Alderman and Peer alike dine at their villa 
 every Saturday : in short, we conquer every principle 
 but habit, which suppresses even faction, and combats 
 Nature herself. If you are happy in the country I re- 
 joice at it ; and yet you have no great merit — serenity, 
 Mrs. Grenville, an Italian sky, and the blandishments 
 of your little favourites. I beg you will flatter me, and 
 own I have some merit, who feel myself happy, in spite 
 of smoke and inconsistencv. 
 
 SIR RICHARD LYTTELTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Ealing, July S3, 1758. 
 My dear Grenville, — Your brother James lay here 
 last night in his way to Butleigh, and, as he set out very 
 early this morning, I am charged to write a few lines to 
 you upon the news from Moravia, that you may not be 
 too much cast down with the accounts in the papers, 
 which are all of them Austrian, either from Vienna or 
 Bruxelles ; though I am afraid the Prussian affairs go 
 ill enough, as by a letter which Jemmy received from 
 Mr. Pitt (which I have sent to your brother), he says 
 that the siege of Olmutz is raised ; his words are these, 
 viz., the news of the day is very unfavourable, but as 
 yet the whole is reducible to this single fact, that the 
 siege of Olmutz is raised. I apprehend nothing very 
 decisive has happened, nay the motives of raising the 
 siege are unknown. Reports are various, all ex- 
 aggerated certainly, most probably false, being Aus- 
 trian and French.
 
 250 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 Yorkc 1 writes that the King of Prussia had assembled 
 his whole army at Littau : if this be true, there will 
 probably be an action, and all may be well, and better 
 than before. He adds, Louisbourg is despaired of in 
 France : God send us a good account of it, and that 
 soon. 
 
 You know, my dear George, that Bligh 2 is at last 
 the Commander-in-Chief for the Expedition. Prince 
 Ferdinand calls out loudly for its sailing ; he asks it 
 even at the expense of some diminution of the forces to 
 be sent ; him nothing, he says, can serve him so effec- 
 tually. Pitt, I hear, is well pleased with his new 
 General : Clarke and Fitzmaurice go with him as 
 Lieut. General and Adjutant General (Deputy as I 
 suppose), as they can have no pretence to the rank of 
 Colonel. 
 
 I have been lame for a long time, but as I begin to 
 recover strength, projects arise in my mind, and I 
 begin to think of going either to Harwich to bathe in 
 the sea water made warm, or to take a fortnight of the 
 Tunbridge waters, and then for Stowe and Wotton ; 
 but perhaps I may not go to either water place, but get 
 to Wotton and Stowe the sooner ; at all events I shall, 
 God willing, find myself at Stowe about the 20th of 
 next month, when Lord Lincoln, Viry 3 , &c, are to be 
 there. The Duchess 4 joins with me in kindest com- 
 pliments to Mrs. Grenville, and declares I shall not go 
 alone, be it when it may, to Wotton, so you may expect 
 
 1 Sir Joseph Yorke, British Minister at the Hague. 
 
 2 General Bligh was appointed to the Expedition against Cherbourg. 
 Walpole speaks of him as "an elderly man, of no talents, brave, but 
 in every other shape unfit for the destined service." 
 
 The Sardinian Ambassador. 
 
 The Duchess of Bridgewater, his wife.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 251 
 
 to be troubled with us. Adieu, my dear George, your 
 ever affectionate brother, Richard. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, July 22, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I did not write to you by the last post 
 on account of our ill success in Moravia, as we had 
 then only the accounts of our enemy, which we were 
 willing to give as little credit to as possible. Yester- 
 day, however, the mails arrived from Holland, and we 
 find the news but too true, that the siege of Olmutz 
 is raised. Our intelligence from thence contradicts 
 all that the Austrians have published of the King of 
 Prussia's having lost a great number of men in his 
 retreat, and very much diminishes the pretended suc- 
 cess of taking the convoy, and that with a great deal of 
 reason : we having received even here an account a few 
 days before, that part of that very convoy got safe to the 
 Prussian Camp on the 28th, which the Austrians 
 pretend to have taken on the 30th. We have also from 
 Holland another reason assigned for the raising the 
 siege, which was that the King had found that it became 
 necessary for him to detach a part of his army to oppose 
 that body of the Russians that are advancing towards 
 Silesia. This, indeed, was probably one inducement to 
 it, though it is certain that he had found the enterprise 
 much more difficult than he had expected, for the 
 enemy being able to flood the country for a great way 
 round, made it very difficult to invest it; and the 
 vigilance of M. Daun 1 caused great distress in relation 
 
 1 The Austrian General.
 
 252 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 to forage and convoys. Nothing of certainty is yet I 
 believe known of the detail of this affair, as there are 
 no letters from Mr. Mitchell 1 , or from Moravia. We 
 must, however, I am afraid, allow that his Prussian 
 Majesty has missed his blow, and that like last year his 
 first project for the campaign is defeated. I am, &c, 
 &c. Cha. Jenkinson. 
 
 SIR RICHARD LYTTELTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Cavendish Square 2 , Friday night, 12 o'clock, 
 
 (July 28, 1758). 
 
 My dearest George, — I will not for ever send you 
 
 bad news, and though I am but just come to town from 
 
 Lord Baltimore's, have seen nobody, and am more 
 
 than half-a-sleep, yet I will tell you what I verily believe, 
 
 to make you some amends for my last letter, and by way 
 
 of thanks for the very kind one I have just received. I 
 
 verily believe, then, that that astonishing man the King 
 
 of Prussia has gained another victory, still more glorious 
 
 and decisive than the last ; I could talk of magazines 
 
 fallen into his hands, of thousands upon thousands 
 
 killed and taken ; I could talk of letters from Prince 
 
 Henry to Prince Ferdinand, of letters from Prince Fer- 
 
 1 Mr., afterwards Sir Andrew Mitchell, KB. He was appointed 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Court of Berlin, in 
 1756, and remained there, with the exception of a short interval, until 
 1771, when he died. His papers and correspondence are deposited in 
 the British Museum. A selection from them has been recently 
 published, and some interesting letters addressed to him will be found 
 in Sir Henry Ellis's Collection of Original Letters. 
 
 At the corner of Harley Street : the house which was successively 
 in the occupation of the Princess Amelia, Mr. Hope, and Mr. Watson 
 Taylor.
 
 1758. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 253 
 
 dinand to Prince Louis, I think his name is, at the 
 Hao-ue ; of a thousand circumstances related by a 
 thousand and ten thousand mouths, coming from almost 
 as many different quarters, and all agreeing; but I 
 have told you enough for one that really knows nothing, 
 who arrived this evening and goes to-morrow for about 
 three weeks to Harwich, having left his good wife at 
 Woodcote ; but yet one thing more I must tell you, that 
 I believe the Admiralty believe that Louisbourg is taken, 
 with certain men-of-war in the harbour, and that the 
 advice boat that should have brought the account is 
 taken by the enemy. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, August 10, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — We have this day the agreeable news 
 that our troops under General Bligh are landed at 
 Cherbourg, and have by a vigorous action repulsed a 
 body of 3000 Horse and Foot, who opposed their land- 
 ing : this service was done by the Guards and Grena- 
 diers of the Army, who received three fires, before they 
 returned it, but then made their attack with so much 
 vigour, that the enemy, after a considerable loss, retreated. 
 We had ourselves but about 20 men either killed or 
 wounded. We have also taken two cannon, and one 
 pair of colours : this happened on Monday, and on 
 Tuesdav morning the whole force began their march 
 towards the town. 
 
 Our news from Germany is not so good. The Prince 
 of Soubise's army is raising contributions in Hanover. 
 I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson.
 
 254 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 THE REV. MR. COTTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Louisbourg Harbour, Princess Amelia, 
 August 10, 1758. 
 
 Sir, — I hope my thus troubling you with frequent 
 letters will be overlooked, as I am very desirous to ac- 
 quaint you with every material circumstance relative to 
 our affairs in America that is worthy your notice. 
 
 In my last of the 27th of July, I had the satisfaction 
 to acquaint you of our troops taking possession of 
 Louisbourg that day, and the Garrison were obliged to 
 surrender prisoners of war, and towards the close of it 
 I added a list of the loss the French have sustained in 
 their marine, since our investing this place, and that we 
 had an imperfect account of the success attending 
 General Abercrombie at Lake George, which was true, 
 though since the enemy have obliged him to retreat, 
 which was occasioned in the following manner, viz., 
 after our troops had landed within four miles of Ticon- 
 derago (the French fort) they met with no opposition 
 but what they surmounted without any great loss (ex- 
 cept that of my Lord Howe) 1 , and some of our scouting 
 parties intercepted an express from M. Montcalm 2 
 to the General, whom he had detached with 3000 men 
 to the German flatts, ordering him to return back to 
 reinforce him (Montcalm) at Ticonderago; and our 
 reconnoitring parties told Mr. Abercrombie that the 
 French were very busy in completing their entrench- 
 
 1 George Augustus, third Viscount Howe in the Peerage of Ireland. 
 He was only 34 years of age at the time of his death. His brother, 
 the Commodore, succeeded to his title. 
 
 1 Marquis de Montcalm, Commander-in-Chief of the French forces 
 in America. He was killed at the siege of Quebec.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 255 
 
 ments about the Fort, and appeared confused ; upon 
 this, and the intercepted letter, the General thought it 
 advisable to attack the enemy without loss of time, which 
 he did, and found them too well prepared to receive him, 
 and that their trenches were completed, and after re- 
 turning to the attack twice or thrice, he found it im- 
 practicable to force their trenches, and was obliged to 
 retreat with the following loss, viz., of regular troops, 
 464, officers and private men, killed : 29 missing, and 
 1117 wounded, making a total of killed, missing, and 
 wounded — 1 610. 
 
 Provincials or Americans : 87 killed, 8 missing, and 
 240 wounded — total, 333. 
 
 This, Sir, is the consequence of that action ; had I 
 the liberty to make any remarks, I might say that had 
 our troops the day after our landing in this island, agreed 
 on forcing the enemy under fire of their cannon, I doubt 
 not we should have met with the same fate, but it has 
 been otherwise with us, and I am full of opinion that 
 had our troops towards Lake George secured themselves 
 on their first success, and made their regular approaches, 
 they must have succeeded, for if upon the batteries being 
 opened they would not capitulate, then would have been 
 the time to storm after the breaches were made, and we 
 had better known their strength and situation, and not 
 when we were ignorant of both : for if our Armv then 
 had entrenched themselves, the French would find it 
 very difficult to drive back above 16,000 men, unless 
 they had a much superior force, which I am sure they 
 could not have. 
 
 This freedom, I hope, Sir, you will pardon, for I 
 would not be understood to mention a word derogatory 
 from the character of the General or Officers employed in
 
 258 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 iii the Irish Peerage. Your Grace's proceeding upon 
 this matter not only lays me under great obligation to 
 you, but gives me a welcome and kind proof of that 
 friendship which I so much wish and mean to cultivate 
 with you and yours. 
 
 I wait with impatience for the pleasure of seeing Lord 
 Lincoln this evening: if your Grace's affairs could have 
 permitted you to have been one of the party, it would 
 have added greatly to our joy : however, your health, 
 and that of your Duchess, will not be forgotten, nor will 
 it be drank with more sincerity by any man in the 
 kingdom than by, my dear Lord, your Grace's most 
 affectionate and obedient humble Servant, Temple. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, August 18, 1758. 
 Dear Sir, — I had the honour of your letter on Mon- 
 day, and have now the pleasure to acquaint you that 
 your wishes are accomplished by the success of our 
 arms in America. This morning, Captain Edgecomb, 
 and Captain Amherst 1 , brother of the General, arrived 
 with the joyful news of the taking of Louisbourg on the 
 27th of last month, after forty-nine days of siege ; the 
 garrison are prisoners of war, and consists of 5637, of 
 which 2667 are sailors ; their wounded and sick are 500. 
 We have taken in the place 220 pieces of cannon, and 
 18 mortars ; and in the port we have taken one ship of 
 74 guns, and 4 frigates ; and two ships of 74 guns, and 
 two of 64 are burnt, one of 74 is blown up, and one of 
 50, and two frigates are sunk by the enemy. 
 
 1 Captain William Amherst. He died in 1781.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 259 
 
 The fire of the enemy during the whole siege was 
 prodigious, but not being well appointed did not very 
 great execution ; we lost 20 men at the landing and 
 500 at the siege, of which 13 are officers, but none 
 above the rank of captain. 
 
 I congratulate both you and Mrs. Grenville on this 
 very good news. I have no doubt but that it will con- 
 vince our enemies of our superiority in America, and 
 hope it will bring about an advantageous and honour- 
 able peace. I shall send this letter to the Post Master 
 at Thame, and order him to send it over by a messenger 
 to you ; you will by that means have the news a day 
 sooner, and therefore I hope you will approve of what 
 I do. I have, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Claremont, August 19, 1758. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I had yesterday the honour of your 
 Lordship's most obliging letter. 
 
 I am extremely happy that I have been able to do 
 anything that may shew my real regard and attention to 
 your Lordship and your family, and how desirous I am 
 upon all occasions to do what may be agreeable to you, 
 and sincerely to deserve the friendship with which you 
 honour me. 
 
 My heart was so full with the joyful news which we 
 received yesterday morning of the taking the Islands of 
 Cape Breton and St. John's, with everything that be- 
 longs to them, in the most masterly and complete 
 manner, as appears by the Capitulation published in the 
 
 Extraordinary Gazette, that I had immediately sent 
 
 s 2 "
 
 26Q GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 it to your Lordship by express, if Mr. Pitt had not told 
 me that he had already done it- 
 Allow me, my dear Lord, to congratulate your 
 Lordship, and all my good friends at Stowe upon 
 this srreat event ; an event which does so much ho- 
 nour to the King, the nation, and to those who have 
 the honour to be in His Majesty's service,, and which 
 cannot fail of having the best consequences: and it 
 must be a satisfaction to us all to see the bravery and 
 conduct with which the King's officers and troops, both 
 by sea and land, have acted upon this occasion; and, 
 indeed, the Capitulation does in my opinion great honour 
 to those who made it, for there is nothing omitted which 
 could be wished or hoped for. There is great reason to 
 think that Prince Ferdinand, in his present situation, 
 and after his junction with the Duke of Marlborough, 
 will find himself more at liberty, and be in a better con- 
 dition to disappoint the views of the enemy, and of their 
 two armies, than he has hitherto been. I wish I could 
 say the same as to the King of Prussia's situation. 
 
 I must also congratulate your Lordship upon our 
 success at Cherbourg, where the General and Com- 
 modore have done most excellently well. We have for 
 some days been in expectation of more news from 
 Prance, and I this moment am told that it was said 
 in London this morning, that an express was come in 
 with more good news from Commodore Howe 1 ; but 
 
 1 By the death of his brother at Ticonderago, on the 5th of July, 
 he was now the fourth Viscount Howe. In the previous year he had 
 been sent, under Sir Edward Hawke, to make an attack on the French 
 t. ( aptain Howe commanded the Magnanime, in which ship he 
 battered the fort on the isle of Aix, until it surrendered. He became 
 subsequently still better known as Admiral Howe. He was made an 
 Earl m the Peerage of Great Britain, in 1788, and E.G. in 1797. 
 He died in 1799.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 261 
 
 I yet know nothing either of the truth of the report, or 
 of what may be come. I beg my best compliments to my 
 good friend Count Viry, my brother Granville, my Lord 
 Lincoln, and all the good company at Stowe. If I 
 might presume, I would accompany the Duchess of 
 Newcastle's best compliments to your Lordship and my 
 Lady Temple, with the addition of mine to her Lady- 
 ship, and the assurances of the utmost respect and regard 
 which I have always had for her. 
 
 If Mr. George Grenville be with you (which I don't 
 know), I beg he would accept my compliments also, and 
 congratulations upon this good news. I envy my Lord 
 Lincoln the pleasure and advantage of waiting upon 
 your Lordship at Stowe. Nothing but my necessary 
 attendances at this time should have prevented my 
 taking a place in the chaise. 
 
 Tell Viry that if the Queen of Spain 1 should not 
 recover, he knows w T hat we wish, and he should think 
 what steps he should take towards it. I hope to have 
 the pleasure of seeing your Lordship at Claremont some 
 time this summer, and am, with the most affectionate 
 respect, my dear Lord, &c, &c. 
 
 Holles Newcastle. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 August 22, 1758. 
 
 My dear Grenville, — You have so kindly and 
 warmly felt my joys on the happy event of Louisbourg, 
 that you will share my present grief for the repulse and 
 
 1 The Queen of Spain died on the 27th of August, in her 47th 
 year.
 
 2G0 ({RENVILLE PAPERS. 175& 
 
 it to your Lordship by express, if Mr. Pitt had not told 
 me that he had already done it. 
 
 Allow me, my dear Lord, to congratulate your 
 Lordship, and all my good friends at Stowe upon 
 this great event; an event which does so much ho- 
 nour to the King, the nation, and to those who have 
 the honour to he in His Majesty's service, and which 
 cannot fail of having the best consequences: and it 
 must be a satisfaction to us all to see the bravery and 
 conduct with which the King's officers and troops, both 
 by sea and land, have acted upon this occasion; and, 
 indeed, the Capitulation does in my opinion great honour 
 to those who made it, for there is nothing omitted which 
 could be wished or hoped for. There is great reason to 
 think that Prince Ferdinand, in his present situation, 
 and after his junction with the Duke of Marlborough, 
 will find himself more at liberty, and be in a better con- 
 dition to disappoint the views of the enemy, and of their 
 two armies, than he has hitherto been. I wish I could 
 say the same as to the King of Prussia's situation. 
 
 I must also congratulate your Lordship upon our 
 success at Cherbourg, where the General and Com- 
 modore have done most excellently well. We have for 
 some days been in expectation of more news from 
 France, and I this moment am told that it was said 
 in London this morning, that an express was come in 
 with more good news from Commodore Howe 1 ; but 
 
 1 By the death of his brother at Ticonderago, on the 5th of July, 
 he was now the fourth Viscount Howe. In the previous year he had 
 been sent, under Sir Edward Hawke, to make an attack on the French 
 coast. Captain Howe commanded the Magnanime, in which ship he 
 battered the fort on the isle of Aix, until it surrendered. He became 
 subsequently still better known as Admiral Howe. He was made an 
 Earl in the Peerage of Great Britain, in 1788, and K.G. in 1797. 
 He died in 1799.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 261 
 
 I yet know nothing either of the truth of the report, or 
 of what may be come. I beg my best compliments to my 
 good friend Count Viry, my brother Granville, my Lord 
 Lincoln, and all the good company at Stowe. If I 
 might presume, I would accompany the Duchess of 
 Newcastle's best compliments to your Lordship and my 
 Lady Temple, with the addition of mine to her Lady- 
 ship, and the assurances of the utmost respect and regard 
 which I have always had for her. 
 
 If Mr. George Grenville be with you (which I don't 
 know), I beg he would accept my compliments also, and 
 congratulations upon this good news. I envy my Lord 
 Lincoln the pleasure and advantage of waiting upon 
 your Lordship at Stowe. Nothing but my necessary 
 attendances at this time should have prevented my 
 taking a place in the chaise. 
 
 Tell Viry that if the Queen of Spain 1 should not 
 recover, he knows what we wish, and he should think 
 what steps he should take towards it. I hope to have 
 the pleasure of seeing your Lordship at Claremont some 
 time this summer, and am, with the most affectionate 
 respect, my dear Lord, &c, &c. 
 
 Holles Newcastle. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 August 22, 1758. 
 My dear Grenville,— You have so kindly and 
 warmly felt my joys on the happy event of Louisbourg, 
 that you will share my present grief for the repulse and 
 
 " The Queen of Spain did on the 27th of August, in her 47th 
 year.
 
 2G'J GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 great loss of the troops under General Abercrombie, at 
 Ticonderago, of which the enclosed Gazette contains 
 tin 1 whole and true account. I own this news has sunk 
 my spirits, and left very painful impressions upon my 
 mind, without, however, depriving me of great hopes 
 for the remaining campaign. The troops deserve all 
 applause: the provincials share the honour. The 
 General attempted willingly, bravely, and unfortu- 
 nately, and took his part well under his misfortune. 
 Bradstreet is sent on an expedition to the Lakes of the 
 greatest importance l . Forbes, by a letter of the 10th 
 of July, was at Carlisle, some miles west of the Sus- 
 quehanna, and 100 miles on his way to Fort Du Quesne. 
 Amherst will be felt, I trust, wherever he goes, perhaps 
 even to Quebec, though the season be far advanced for 
 such an operation. The loss of Lord Howe afflicts me 
 with more than a public sorrow. He was, by the uni- 
 versal voice of army and people, a character of ancient 
 times: a complete model of military virtue in all its 
 branches. I have the sad task of imparting this cruel 
 event to a brother that loves him most tenderly, because 
 he has himself all the same virtues. I must take my 
 leave of you, being overwhelmed with business. I will 
 not despair of seeing you at Wotton, though I must 
 depend every day on the events thereof. 
 
 I cannot finish without telling Mrs. Grenville how 
 sensibly I feel her letters to Lady Hester on the happy 
 event of Louisbourg. I am, &c, &c. W. Pitt 2 . 
 
 1 Colonel Bradstreet took Fort Frontenac, and General Forbes 
 Port Du Quesne. 
 
 Mr. Grenvffle's reply to this letter is printed in the Chatham 
 ■• pondence, vol. i. p. 338.
 
 1758. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 263 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Loudon, September 2, 1758. 
 Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure to transmit to you 
 the agreeable news of a great victory 1 which the King 
 of Prussia obtained over the Russians in the meadows 
 of Ciistrin, on the 25th of last month. As soon as 
 His Prussian Majesty had brought back his army into 
 Silesia, he marched with a reinforcement to assist Count 
 Dohna, and having joined him he immediately attacked 
 the Russians, who were carrying on a terrible bombard- 
 ment against Ciistrin, which had reduced the town to 
 ashes, without doing any harm to the citadel, which 
 being situated on the embouchure of a little river into 
 the Oder, is so surrounded by waters as to be almost 
 impregnable. The battle began about nine in the 
 morning, and lasted the whole day. The Russians have 
 
 1 The battle took place at Zorndorf, within six miles from the forti- 
 fied town of Ciistrin. In this sanguinary conflict the Russians, under 
 the command of General Fermer, numbered more than fifty thousand, 
 while the Prussians, under Frederick, were thirty-two thousand, with, 
 one hundred and seventeen pieces of cannon. In no battle during the 
 whole war was so much blood spilt as in this, for neither party would 
 give or accept quarter. The King acknowledged with a sigh that the 
 Russians were easier to kill than to conquer. The Russians laid claim 
 to the victory, as well as the King. Fermer sent couriers to his 
 Empress with intelligence of the happy event which cost him a great 
 part of his army, and the results of a whole campaign. He asserted 
 in corroboration of his claim that he had kept the field of battle, and 
 one of his own general officers confirmed the assertion, with this 
 remarkable observation in addition, that " those who kept the field 
 were either killed, wounded, or drunk." The Russians in general, 
 however, fought with the greater obstinacy for their intoxication, and 
 exasperated as were their antagonists ; the battle was for this reason 
 the more sanguinary, for the confusion was aggravated in a frightful 
 degree by the want of discipline in the Russian soldiers, who had 
 seized on the spirituous liquors belonging to the sutlers. — See Camp- 
 bell's Court and Times of Frederick the Great,
 
 264 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 lost 15,000 men, three Lieutenant Generals taken, their 
 cannon, and their military chest; this last I should 
 fancy is no great prize. 
 
 The Prussians have lost about 3000, and General 
 Calder is wounded : the King himself is perfectly well. 
 These are all the particulars I know, and I should hope 
 that His Majesty will have no farther trouble with these 
 Russians, who, when they are once beaten, are not, I 
 should imagine very easily kept together; and I think it 
 looks probable that His Prussian Majesty may extricate 
 himself this year, as he did the last, and beat his 
 enemies by piecemeal. 
 
 We are going to have the cannon that were taken at 
 Cherbourg, and the colours taken at Louisbourg, fixed 
 as a trophy for some time in Hyde Park. I am, &c, 
 &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 The above account comes from Berlin, from whence 
 it was transmitted to the Hague, and so here. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, September 7, 1758. 
 Dear Sir, — Last night a further account arrived of 
 the victory of the King of Prussia over the Russians, 
 which makes it more complete than was at first ima- 
 gined : the number of the enemy killed are made now 
 to amount to 18,000 ; six Generals are taken ; General 
 Brown was also a prisoner, but refusing to accept 
 quarter, was either killed or terribly wounded. On the 
 Prussian side the loss, both in killed and wounded, does 
 not amount to above 1600. Upon the whole, from te
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 265 
 
 general representations that have as yet been received of 
 this affair, there never was anything more complete ; 
 the Russian army was almost annihilated, and may be 
 considered as nothing in the scale of our enemies for the 
 future. 
 
 I hear also that an account is come that General 
 Amherst, upon hearing of the unfortunate affair at 
 Ticonderago, had resolved to transport a large part of 
 his troops on the Continent to reinforce Abercrombie. 
 
 Yesterday the colours that were taken at Louisbourg 
 were carried in procession to St. Paul's : the mob was 
 immense on the occasion, and it has contributed very 
 much to heighten popularity. 
 
 Since I wrote the above I have seen these farther 
 accounts of the Prussian Victory. Brown was certainly 
 killed in the manner above mentioned : besides the 
 killed thei'e are 1700 prisoners ; the military chest 
 taken contained 200,000/. The King of Prussia com- 
 putes his loss at 560 killed, and about 1000 wounded ; 
 two Generals are killed, two of the King's Aides-de- 
 Camp, two Generals are also wounded. The King 
 says that Dohna is pursuing the enemy, from whence 
 it is concluded that he is going himself to Silesia. 
 
 The occasion of obtaining the victory is said to be 
 principally owing to General Seidlitz and the Cavalry. 
 
 The Russian Foot behaved prodigiously well ; whole 
 regiments were killed without leaving their ranks. 
 Galitzin, a cousin of the present Russian Minister, and 
 Chernikow, a near relation of the last, are two of the 
 Generals that are prisoners. These particulars, with 
 what I have mentioned above, is the whole of what is 
 arrived, except some unintelligible circumstances which 
 cannot be reconciled with the more authentic ones. I
 
 2GG GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 forffot to say that the number of cannon taken are 
 seventy-five. 
 
 I had yesterday the honour of your letter, and I am 
 extremely obliged to you for the kind invitations you 
 have been again so good as to give me to wait on you this 
 summer at Wotton ; I own mvself ashamed that I have 
 not as yet fulfilled my promise, and I am sorry I 
 should still have some affairs that keep me here. I 
 confess I am no shooter, but I should want no other 
 inducement but yours and Mrs. Grenville's company to 
 bring me : but we will talk more of this when you come 
 to town, when I hope you will let me have the honour 
 of waiting on you. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, September 14, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure to acquaint you that 
 our troops have once more landed on the Coast of France, 
 and this time without the least opposition. They de- 
 barked in the Bay of St. Lunerre, which is about three 
 leagues to the westward of St. Malo's, which they were 
 to have attacked ; but the weather w^as so bad whilst they 
 were there, that the fleet could not act, so they were 
 forced to abandon their design. They have, however, 
 burnt about twenty ships and destroyed some batteries, 
 and they are now marching upon the coast to another 
 bay, to which the fleet is gone round, and where the 
 troops will reimbark as they shall find it prudent. 
 
 By the last letters from Pologne we hear that General 
 Fermer is making a fine retreat with the remains of the
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 267 
 
 Russian Army ; that he has shown himself in his pre- 
 sent distresses to have a great knowledge in his profes- 
 sion ; and that he chuses such strong camps, that the 
 Prussians who are in the pursuit have not dared to 
 attack him ; the slaughter, however, of his army in the 
 battle proves to have been even greater than was ima- 
 gined : there have been buried 19,000 bodies in the 
 field of battle, and the number of cannon taken amount 
 to 108. I have, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO THE DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 
 
 Stowe, September 18, 1758. 
 
 My Lord, — The death of the Earl of Carlisle 1 hav- 
 ing occasioned a second vacancy in the Order of the 
 Garter, your Grace will allow me to express my desires 
 to be included in the next promotion, if His Majesty 
 shall think me worthy of that honour from the rank I 
 hold in his service 2 . 
 
 I cannot, to be sure, be insensible to the many marks 
 I have had the misfortune to receive of His Majesty's 
 displeasure, arising from the suggestions and misrepre- 
 sentations of my enemies, who at the same time led His 
 Majesty into many difficulties from which your Grace, 
 in conjunction with our common friends, has had the 
 honour and satisfaction in a great measure to deliver 
 him. From that happy union many signal benefits have 
 been derived to the King and to the nation ; and I have 
 for my share, at least, the pleasure to reflect that I have 
 
 1 Henry Howard, fourth Earl of Carlisle. He died on the 4th 
 instant. He had been made a Knight of the Garter in March, 1757. 
 
 2 Earl Temple was now Lord Privy Seal.
 
 268 G RENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 not been wanting in zealous endeavours to promote and 
 cement it. If I ask my own heart, I cannot but trust 
 that your Grace will employ your best offices to dispose 
 His Majesty's mind to give me, after so many mortifica- 
 tions, this honourable mark of his Royal condescension 
 and goodness. But whether I attain it or not, a just sense 
 of my own honour, and the dictates of my own conscience, 
 will equally direct me to support all measures which ap- 
 pear to me conducive to the true interest of the King, 
 and the real service of my country, fighting for her last 
 stake. I shall, however, think that I w r as wanting to 
 myself and to my own situation, if I did not, with all 
 possible respect, lay these my wishes at His Majesty's 
 feet. 
 
 To your Grace I w T ill make no professions ; you are 
 certainly well enabled to judge and decide whether I 
 have or have not been wanting in proofs of my friend- 
 ship and good wishes to you. Upon that foot I take 
 my leave of this matter, and have only to add the most 
 affectionate assurances of the great respect with which 
 I have the honour to be, my Lord, your Grace's most 
 obedient and most humble Servant, Temple. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO THE EARL OP LINCOLN. 
 
 Stowe, September 19, 1758. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I am returned to Stowe delighted 
 
 with my excursion, and penetrated with all the kind marks 
 
 of friendship and partiality with which your Lordship 
 
 honoured me. In my expressions of love for Oatlands 1 
 
 1 Oatlands, near Weybridge, in Surrey, celebrated for its grotto and 
 gardens. It was the residence of Henry, Earl of Lincoln.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 269 
 
 and the inhabitants thereof, Lady Temple desires to 
 claim and assert her whole share, and I will accord- 
 ingly with pleasure add it to mine, which taken toge- 
 ther with that of the rest of my family, is the best 
 return I can make your Lordship and my Lady for all 
 your favours : I only wish I had it in my power to 
 make a better. In one of our conversations upon a 
 certain matter 1 , I expressed an unwillingness to your 
 Lordship to put my friends under any difficulties upon 
 my account, which I still feel ; and I did not care in a 
 party of so much pleasure to mix up anything of my 
 own situation that was not agreeable to me : but having 1 
 more than once considered over this matter since, which 
 your Lordship must imagine I have turned in my mind 
 frequently before we touched upon it at Oatlands, I 
 have taken the resolution of writing a letter to the 
 Duke of Newcastle upon it, a copy of which my brother 
 George will show you, and I think his Grace, who 
 knows the mollia tempora fandi, will, if he pleases, dis- 
 pose our Royal personage properly ; but whatever may 
 be the result of it, or indeed of any part of my political 
 situation, it never can, nor ever shall in its conse- 
 quences, produce the least diminution in my warmly 
 affectionate friendship and honour for your Lordship ; 
 and I will ever have such a guard upon myself as never 
 deservedly to forfeit what I really value more than 
 any favour I have to ask of Ministers or Courts, I 
 mean the satisfaction of being thought, and really prov- 
 ing myself to be, with infinite esteem and respect, my 
 dear Lord, your most devoted, &c, Temple. 
 
 1 Alluding to his application for the vacant Garter, and apparently 
 
 very conscious of the King's extreme disincli nation to confer it upon 
 him.
 
 270 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, September 23, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Though I imagine that this letter will 
 get to Wotton before you, as it will contain no news, 
 but will only relate to what we talked on while you was 
 in town, the delay will be of no consequence. 
 
 I have since I saw you begun to put the materials 
 together for my Treatise 1 , and I find I should soon 
 complete it, if it was not for the distress I am in for 
 want of books, out of which I am to make my quota- 
 tions : for though the English are very great politicians, 
 they have I believe fewer books on Public Law, or any- 
 thing that relates to Foreign Policy, than any other 
 nation in the world. What particularly distresses me 
 on this occasion is, that I find it absolutely necessary to 
 complete my argument, that I should quote some of the 
 best writers on the point of Natural Law ; the Duke of 
 Newcastle's letter only refers to them, and to do no 
 more than that again, would be unsatisfactory, espe- 
 cially as I shall be so extensive on the other points. I 
 have ordered all London to be searched for the books I 
 want, and I have sent for two of them from Holland. 
 I shall set them down at the bottom of this, that if you 
 should have any of them yourself, or know of any one 
 that hath a collection of books of this sort, you would 
 be so good as to assist me : they must be somewhere in 
 
 The Treatise was entitled, " A Discourse on the Conduct of Great 
 Britain in respect to Neutral Nations during the present War." It 
 was published during the present year, and was held inconsiderable 
 estimation as a performance of great solidity and import: it was trans- 
 lated into several languages. Mr. Jenkinson was eminently conversant 
 with the Laws of Nations, and the principles and details of Commerce.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 271 
 
 England, since they were quoted by the lawyers in the 
 above-mentioned memorial. 
 
 These delays will make me longer in finishing of it 
 than I could wish, but this advantage will follow, that I 
 shall be able to send it complete to you for your cor- 
 rection, and after all I shall get it printed by the 
 meeting of the Parliament, and it would not be read 
 much before. I hope to receive as soon as you con- 
 veniently can, the anecdote you promised me. I am, 
 &c, Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 Loccenius de Jure Maritimo, lib. ii., cap. 4, sec. 12. 
 
 Voet de Jure Militari, c. 5, No. 21. 
 
 Heineccius de Navibus ob Victuram vetitarum Mer- 
 cium commissis, cap. 2, sec. 9« 
 
 Bynkershoek Qusestiones Juris Publici, 1. i., cap. 14, 
 per totum. 
 
 Zouch (an Englishman) de Judicio inter gentes, pars 
 2 da , sec. 8, n. 6. 
 
 I should not think it necessary to quote all these, 
 Heineccius, Bynkershoek, and Zouch, especially as I 
 can add PufFendorff and Grotius. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, September 30, 1758 
 Dear Sir, — 1 had last night the honour of your 
 letter. I have very fortunately met with the greatest 
 part of the authors I wanted: I sent down to Oxford 
 for the old ones, and had the passages transcribed; and 
 the new ones, and particularly Bynkershoek, I have 
 picked up in London. All I want is Heineccius ; I 
 shall send to Holland for him. I have all his books
 
 274 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 the Lake from Canada, which might in some measure 
 have frustrated the good effects that the reduction of 
 Frontenac will produce, and accordingly be made the 
 best of his way towards Albany, after he had destroyed 
 the fort, magazine, ships, &c= 
 
 Since Mr. Amherst's junction with General Aber- 
 crombie we are ignorant of what has passed, though 
 nothing material had happened the 9th instant ; but it 
 is expected they will repass the Lake again. 
 
 As to General Forbes, we have lately received ac- 
 counts from him, which inform us that Major Grant, 
 of the Highland regiment, being 4 detached from ihe 
 main body with 800 men, marched from Loyal Hannon 
 (distant 42 miles from Fort du Quesne), and got to 
 the Fort September 13th, and towards evening burnt 
 all their block-houses, and ruined their outworks with- 
 out any opposition, and having made a disposition of 
 his little army, he remained with about 400 men, within 
 300 yards of the Fort, while the others took post at 
 some distance, and soon after the sun's rising, Sep- 
 tember 14th, the enemy rushed out of the Fort, to the 
 amount of a thousand, and attacked him; on which 
 the other parties hastened to his relief, and upon their 
 coming up found Major Grant and his troops almost 
 defeated, and by the superioritv of the enemy they 
 were obliged to retreat, leaving behind 300 officers and 
 men killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, and the 
 others rejoined the General after being harassed by the 
 enemy for some miles. 
 
 Major G rant was among those left behind, and what 
 will be the further consequence of this enterprize time 
 must shew, though it is surprising to think that we 
 should attack with 800 men a place that 7000 or 8000
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 275 
 
 were marching against; and in all probability, if this 
 advance body had avoided coming to an action 'till the 
 main body had come up, and employed their time in re- 
 connoitring all round the Fort, there can no doubt be 
 made but they must have reduced it, for the Fort itself 
 cannot well contain more than four or five hundred men, 
 whereas there was upwards of a thousand in it, and 
 they must have been obliged to make their escape, as un- 
 doubtedly the Indians would, if they perceived the whole 
 army before the Fort; but the enemy having recon- 
 noitred our troops in their march, knew very well our 
 strength, and their own superiority, which encouraged 
 the savages to remain, otherwise they never would have 
 been able to have prevented their going away. 
 
 We still hope that the army will proceed, as the same 
 express advises us that the troops were in high spirits, 
 and only waited the second convoy of provisions. 
 
 These are the only material occurrences since Mr. 
 Boscawen's leaving us, and whatever is worthy your 
 notice I shall be very careful to transmit by every oppor- 
 tunitv. I am, &c, &c. N. Cotton. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Monday (November, 1758). 
 
 Dear Brother, — Jemmv and Elliot came here on 
 Saturday night, and return to-morrow. The eloquence 
 of the first, and a letter from Mr. P., have prevailed 
 upon me, in conjunction with your second thoughts, not 
 to put myself in the wrong in the opinion of my best 
 friends. I, therefore, go for the birth-day 1 , but write it 
 
 1 On the 10th instant. 
 
 t2
 
 276 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 not to town. Silence has hitherto been predominant ; 
 whether anything, and what, will pass on Wednesday 
 at the Treasury, I know not. No fresh news from Sir 
 Richard. Potter exceedingly ill. Ever your most 
 affectionate, with many loves, &c, &c. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Mr. Pitt begs Mr. Grenville's succour, being so over- 
 whelmed with business himself, as not to have time to 
 draw the Address. 
 
 If Mr. Grenville be returned to town, and will be so 
 good to be in St. James's Square before seven, Mr. Pitt 
 will be infinitely obliged to him. The Address must be 
 drawn by to-morrow morning, 10 o'clock. 
 
 Sunday, ^-past 4, November 19th, 1758. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (November 19, 1758.) 
 This instant returned from Mr. Speaker, past eleven. 
 In case the Parliament be opened by Commission, as in 
 1736-7, the only difference is that the Address to the 
 King is carried by the Privy Council, and the King is 
 thanked for the speech delivered by your Majesty's com- 
 mands. 
 
 Be so good to return the draught of the speech to- 
 morrow morning". l 
 
 1 Parliament met on the 23rd.
 
 1758. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 277 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, Friday morning, 
 
 (December 15, 1758.) 
 
 Dear Sir, — Since I was with you I have seen Mr. 
 Legge. He was so kind as to repeat what you had men- 
 tioned to me. He approved of the sort of thing which 
 you recommended me to apply for, and he engaged to 
 point it out himself to the Duke of Newcastle, and to 
 urge, as strongly as he was able, the propriety of it. 
 He was so good as to say that he looked upon it as a 
 public concern, and that he should urge it under that 
 idea. He made only this addition to your plan, that as 
 I had been two years about Lord Holdernesse, and was 
 considered by him as belonging to his office, he would 
 ask it as a salary to be given to me on that account by 
 warrant, and this to cease if it should ever be thought 
 proper to employ me abroad. 
 
 All this I thought proper to send to you by a letter, 
 as the necessity of going to Newcastle House prevents 
 my attending you in person, and I have already had too 
 many proofs of your kindness to doubt, that if you can 
 forward this affair by yourself or through any one else, 
 before you leave town, you would, even without an ap- 
 plication, do it. 
 
 If the Duke of Newcastle could not be brought to 
 consent to the point above mentioned, or something of 
 the same sort, Mr. Legge then proposes the other alter- 
 native of a Commissioner of the Stamps, or some such 
 office. I have, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson.
 
 276 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 not to town. Silence has hitherto been predominant ; 
 whether anything, and what, will pass on Wednesday 
 at the Treasury, I know not. No fresh news from kSir 
 Richard. Potter exceedingly ill. Ever your most 
 affectionate, with many loves, &c, &c. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Mr. Pitt begs Mr. Grenville's succour, being so over- 
 whelmed with business himself, as not to have time to 
 draw the Address. 
 
 If Mr. Grenville be returned to town, and will be so 
 good to be in St. James's Square before seven, Mr. Pitt 
 will be infinitely obliged to him. The Address must be 
 drawn by to-morrow morning, 10 o'clock. 
 
 Sunday, ^-past 4, November 19th, 1758. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (November 19, 1758.) 
 This instant returned from Mr. Speaker, past eleven. 
 In case the Parliament be opened by Commission, as in 
 1736-7, the only difference is that the Address to the 
 King is carried by the Privy Council, and the King is 
 thanked for the speech delivered by your Majesty's com- 
 mands. 
 
 Be so good to return the draught of the speech to- 
 morrow morning. 1 
 
 1 Parliament met on the 23rd.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 277 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, Friday morning, 
 
 (December 15, 1758.) 
 
 Dear Sir, — Since I was with you I have seen Mr. 
 Legge. He was so kind as to repeat what you had men- 
 tioned to me. He approved of the sort of thing which 
 you recommended me to apply for, and he engaged to 
 point it out himself to the Duke of Newcastle, and to 
 urge, as strongly as he was ahle, the propriety of it. 
 He was so good as to say that he looked upon it as a 
 public concern, and that he should urge it under that 
 idea. He made only this addition to your plan, that as 
 I had been two years about Lord Holdernesse, and was 
 considered by him as belonging to his office, he would 
 ask it as a salary to be given to me on that account by 
 warrant, and this to cease if it should ever be thought 
 proper to employ me abroad. 
 
 All this I thought proper to send to you by a letter, 
 as the necessity of going to Newcastle House prevents 
 my attending you in person, and I have already had too 
 many proofs of your kindness to doubt, that if you can 
 forward this affair by yourself or through any one else, 
 before you leave town, you would, even without an ap- 
 plication, do it. 
 
 If the Duke of Newcastle could not be brought to 
 consent to the point above mentioned, or something of 
 the same sort, Mr. Legge then proposes the other alter- 
 native of a Commissioner of the Stamps, or some such 
 office. I have, &c, &c. ( Has. Jenkinson.
 
 278 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Newcastle House, December 18, 1758. 
 My Lord, — I have the honour and pleasure to ac- 
 quaint your Lordship, that I this day proposed to the 
 King, that your Lordship should succeed the late 
 Duke of Marlborough as Lord Lieutenant and Custos 
 Rotulorum of the County of Bucks, which His Ma- 
 jesty was pleased to agree to, and I have spoken to Mr. 
 Pitt to prepare the necessary instruments accordingly. 
 I should not have deferred it so long, but that I thought 
 that out of civility, I should first acquaint the present 
 Duke with it, which I had not an opportunity of doing 
 'till this morning. I am, with the greatest truth and 
 respect, my Lord, &c, &c. Holles Newcastle. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 December 19, 1758. 
 Dear Brother, — I shall certainly obey your com- 
 mands to the utmost of my power, but when the un- 
 natural father leaves his own child to the mercy of the 
 times, what zeal or endeavours can be found sufficient 
 to supply so great a defection. The million was granted 
 yesterday. The Admiralty laid in their claim for a 
 farther demand if it should be found necessary before 
 the end of the sessions. Mr. Chancellor insists upon 
 one of two things, either that they shall ask the whole 
 that in this abstracted possibility of things can come to
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 279 
 
 be demanded between this and next Christmas twelve- 
 month, or take upon themselves the case of any acci- 
 dental deficiency : for break in upon the course he will 
 not at any event. 
 
 We meet to-morrow ; you shall hear farther what 
 passes. Adieu. Ever yours, &c. J. Grenville. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Tuesday, 4 o'clock, (December 19, 1758.) 
 
 The younger brother of a Lord Lieutenant, if he be- 
 haves well, may possibly hope for an humble commis- 
 sion some time or other in the Militia. Last nig'ht I 
 received a letter, civil, melancholy, and gentlemanlike, 
 from the Duke of Newcastle, telling me that he had 
 that morning named me to the King. This morning I 
 waited upon his Grace in a civil, melancholy, and gen- 
 tlemanlike mood. It was not his fault he said if every- 
 thing I wished was not done: he explained and excused 
 about Lord Mansfield 1 . I touched not the other sub- 
 ject, but decently took my leave : for a considerable 
 time I believe. My reception of the most distinguished 
 kind when I kissed hands : you know rumpatur quis- 
 quis rumpitur invidia. 
 
 I know no news, but that by the accounts of this day 
 
 1 Lord Mansfield's influence in the Closet was now increasing ; and 
 being aware of the King's dislike to Lord Temple, he probably did not 
 endeavour to remove it. A few mouths before this time, when the 
 King had given him full powers to negotiate with Pitt and the Duke 
 of Newcastle, Lord Mansfield stated that tin: King insisted Lord 
 Temple should have no employment which required frequent attendance 
 in the Closet.
 
 280 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 it is probable the Princess of Orange 1 is by this time no 
 
 more. 
 
 Sir George Lee's 2 death was most sudden. 
 
 Love to your poor melancholy, confined, tyrannized 
 wife, and unhappy babes. Yours most affectionately, T. 
 
 Sir C. Williams 3 is again confined. Mr. Pitt is this 
 morning again confined by his old companion, and I 
 hear has taken to a great shoe. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO THE DUKE OP NEWCASTLE. 
 
 (December 20, 1758.) 
 My Lord, — I am extremely sensible to the great 
 honour his Majesty is pleased to do me in appointing 
 me Lieutenant of the County of Buckingham. 
 
 I am very happy in any mark his Majesty conde- 
 scends to give me of his Royal goodness, and shall ever 
 most humbly and gratefully acknowledge it. 
 
 I have many thanks to return to your Grace for 
 
 1 The Princess of Orange died on the 12th of January following. 
 She was the eldest daughter of George the Second, and was married 
 to the Prince of Orange in 1734. Since the death of her husband in 
 1751, she had been Gouvernante during the minority of her son. In 
 Lord Hervey's Memoirs of George the Second are some amusing 
 details respecting this Princess and her husband. 
 
 : He died the day before the date of this letter, in his 64th year. 
 
 1 For some time past his health had rapidly declined, and his head 
 was occasionally affected : towards the end of the following year he 
 relapsed into a state of complete insanity, and died on the 2nd of 
 November, aged 50. Sir Charles Hanbury-Williams is remembered 
 principally for his sprightliness of conversation, ready wit, and agree- 
 able manner, and for his poetical effusions, which were principally of a 
 political and satirical character, often very closely bordering upon the 
 extremes of licentiousness.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 281 
 
 naming me to the King. I am, with the greatest re- 
 spect, &c. Temple. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 December 20, 1758. 
 Dear Brother, — The solemn conference between 
 Proud Treasury and Lordly Admiralty was held accord- 
 ing to appointment. 
 
 The poor Orphan bill had the good fortune to find a 
 charitable friend or two, notwithstanding the defection 
 of its great founder; and from the weakness of its ene- 
 mies, as well as from the zeal of its advocates, it passed 
 its time tolerably well. I went to school and endea- 
 voured to get my lesson as well as I could from the mo- 
 ment I received your commands. I think I learned 
 enough to speak about it with the appearance of seem- 
 ing to know something- of the matter. 
 
 Elliot, Forbes, Hunter, Hay 1 were more able and not 
 less cordial friends. In short, the only vivacities that 
 made their sallies from the enemy, were certain blunt 
 thrusts and hints from Lord Anson about desertion and 
 unmanning the fleet, seconded by a gruff brightness or 
 two from Admiral Boscawen upon the same topic. Upon 
 the whole it was concluded that the 2,170,000/. granted 
 on the head wages would sufficiently answer the pur- 
 poses of the bill, and satisfy all the probable, if not 
 absolutely all the possible, demands upon that head be- 
 fore next Christmas twelvemonths. If more should 
 appear to be wanting upon a nearer view of things to- 
 wards the end of sessions, a farther application might 
 
 1 All Lords of the Admiralty.
 
 •JS2 GRENVILLE TAPERS. 1758. 
 
 then be made, but it was agreed by all present that the 
 sum already granted would, upon the most probable con- 
 jecture, suffice. 
 
 I have a statement in writing for vou which is too 
 long for me to insert here ; I reserve it for your contem- 
 plation upon your coming to town. I am at present in 
 too good company, and have upon my back my too fine 
 clothes, and in my head a certain glass of too cheerful 
 wine, to be fit for writing more accurately. lam, &c, &c. 
 
 J. Grenville. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON" TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Loudon, December 26, 1758. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I could not deny myself the pleasure of 
 writing to you, though I have really nothing new to 
 send you. The principal news we expect is from Hol- 
 land, where the ferment is uncommonly great, and the 
 health of the Princess Gouvernante is so very precarious, 
 that the worst of news is to be expected. In short, the 
 interested views of their merchants have obtained so 
 great an influence in the republic, that I much question 
 whether we shall be able to avoid coming to a rupture 
 without giving up such of our rights as may be con- 
 sidered, perhaps, as too great a price for their friend- 
 ship. The affair will at least require to be managed 
 with the greatest delicacy and understanding. 
 
 In the morning after I had received the kind letter 
 with which you was pleased to honour me, I saw the 
 Duke of Newcastle, who gave me as good a reception as 
 1 could expect, and told me he should be glad to do 
 anything for me ; and I hear privately that he has 
 spoken very warmly in my favour.
 
 1758. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 283 
 
 I had not, however, a proper opportunity, and there- 
 fore did not choose to enter into particulars. I have 
 waited, indeed, for the effects of Mr. Legge's negoci- 
 ation; but I have been a little surprised that, after all 
 which had passed between you and him, and after what 
 he had in consequence of that promised to me, he has 
 not yet spoken a word to the Duke of Newcastle about 
 me. I have seen him three times since, and upon his 
 not mentioning anything to me about it, I spoke to him. 
 He confessed he had not as yet spoken — seemed to raise 
 more difficulties about the affair than he had done at 
 first — and seemed also to expect that the Duke should 
 speak to him first; but, however, he then promised 
 again expressly that he would open it to his Grace. I 
 have not, however, as yet heard anything from him. I 
 doubt not but he has good reasons, but this delay puts my 
 whole affair at a stand during this delicate conjuncture. 
 I hope, however, it may be capable of being recovered 
 when my friends come to town : some comfortable pro- 
 vision on this occasion would make me the happiest 
 man in the world, and would satisfy either my avarice 
 or ambition. I shall tell you that Lord Hardwicke, 
 who gave Lord Parker leave to introduce me to him, 
 paid me personally compliments in such a manner that 
 I think he would have promoted my interest if I could 
 ever have gotten my affair once put in motion. 
 
 My Discourse is at present out of print, and I do not 
 venture to publish it again 'till Lord Holdcrnesse 
 comes to town, or signifies otherwise to me what he 
 would have me do with it, to whom I have written on 
 the occasion. As to the point of the Aggression, be- 
 sides the manner of arguing, with which you was so 
 kind as to furnish me, I think I can still strengthen
 
 •J SI GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1758. 
 
 that point with another topic ; for as we have formally 
 made the requisition, and they have never returned any 
 answer, the time of the execution of the Treaty coming 
 to exist, there is from that instant a breach of it. We 
 are not to suppose the objection 'till they make it, and 
 may act therefore as if there was no objection at all, and 
 whatever they may urge at present, it cannot concern 
 what is past. I should tell you that a majority of the 
 Province of Holland have, upon another occasion, de- 
 clared as the aggressors, and they were willing to return 
 an answer, but not in positive words declaring us the 
 Aggressor, to the requisition we made; but as neither 
 of these resolutions ever passed the generality, it cannot 
 be considered as an act of the States. 
 
 There is another Pamphlet published on the same 
 as mine, by a Proctor of Doctors' Commons. It is 
 written in a dry unentertaining manner, but it contains 
 many good materials ; has hit off several new topics of 
 argument, and has a good deal of merit. 
 
 I congratulate you on the Government's having at 
 last acted properly in honouring Buckinghamshire with 
 Lord Temple as Lord Lieutenant. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Loudon, December 28, 1758. 
 Dear Sir, — I find, since I wrote to you, that Mr. 
 Legge has spoken to the Duke of Newcastle. I cannot 
 tell precisely what answer His Grace gave him, as I 
 have not seen Mr. Legge, but I believe it was favour- 
 able, though he (Mr. Legge) adds, that he has not yet
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 285 
 
 been able to fix the particular employment with His 
 Grace, but that he will not leave soliciting 'till he has 
 done it. This is what Mr. Legge wrote on Saturday- 
 last in a letter to Lord Harcourt, from whence I tran- 
 scribe it, but I can hear nothing farther from him at 
 present, as he is out of town, and does not return until 
 the meeting of the Parliament. 
 
 We have no news. The prisoners of St. Cas are 
 arrived : one unfortunate man, a Mr. Grant, a Lieu- 
 tenant of Grenadiers, is left behind, having killed an 
 Irish officer in the French service, and who in the last 
 rebellion was in the service of the Pretender. He was 
 reduced to this unfortunate step by the insolency of the 
 Irishman, who added to abusive language at last a 
 stroke with a sword over the head : the affair happened 
 at Boulogne, and the other English officers, before they 
 left that town, drew up a strong representation of the 
 case to be sent to the French Ministry, who, it is hoped, 
 will order Mr. Grant to be released, especially as the 
 Governor of Boulogne joined also to represent the affair 
 favourably. I am, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, January 2, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I had last night the honour of your very 
 obliging letter : your goodness to me in assuring me of 
 your application when you come to town in my favour, 
 is more than I could possibly expect, and demands my 
 most grateful acknowledgments. Your interest at all 
 times would be both of credit and service to me, but it
 
 286 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 will be of the utmost use at present, when it appears as 
 if there was wanting only a steady and active friend to 
 give motion (as it were) to those good dispositions, which 
 they who dispose of His Majesty's favours pretend at 
 present to bear towards me, and which without such a 
 one would end I fear in fair words, without any real 
 benefit to me. 
 
 I send you by this post several large packets : three 
 of them contain the pamphlet I mentioned ; one other 
 and this, contain the argument of aggression which I 
 have deduced more at length, though not as yet wholly 
 to my satisfaction. 
 
 I hope you will honour it with your perusal, and add 
 farther obligation in giving me freely your opinion on 
 every part of it : besides any deficiency in the argument, 
 it is not quite worded as I would have it, but I had not 
 leisure to alter it. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse hath sent me orders to publish 
 another edition of the Discourse 1 as soon as possible. I 
 have therefore given orders for it, and I shall make 
 several corrections in it. I should be glad, therefore, if 
 you could return me these papers with your opinion on 
 them by the post on Sunday. 
 
 I set out to-morrow for Oxford to vote for a Chan- 
 cellor 2 , but shall come immediately back again. If 
 
 1 " Discourse on the Establishment of a National and Constitutional 
 Force in England." The first edition was published in 1756. 
 
 : The Candidates were John Fane, Earl of Westmoreland ; George 
 Henry Lee, third Earl of Lichfield; aud Richard Trevor, Bishop of 
 Durham. Lord Westmoreland, who was elected, is described by 
 Horace Walpole as " an aged man of gravity and dignity, married to a 
 Cavendish, and formerly so attached to the House of Hanover, that he 
 commanded the very body of troops which King George had been 
 obliged to send to Oxford, to teach the University the only kind of 
 passive obedience which they did not approve. But having fallen into
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 287 
 
 Lord Westmoreland's and Lord Lichfield's parties 
 should continue divided, it is thought the Bishop of 
 Durham may succeed, but the success of the last de- 
 pends solely upon the separation of the former. 
 
 Lord Harcourt, who is at present at Nuneham, comes 
 to town with me upon my return, which will be Saturday 
 or Sunday, as most suits his Lordship. 
 
 We have no news : the Princess of Orange is said to 
 be out of danger, but there are such strange accounts 
 come over of the infirmities she is subject to, that I 
 think her health is very little to be depended on. 
 
 I have, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, January 11, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I had the honour of all your packets on 
 Monday, and am extremely obliged to you for the assist- 
 ance you have been so good as to give me in relation to 
 the most difficult of all points, the Aggression. I have 
 been considering of it ever since. From the many hints 
 you have been so good as to send me, I have no doubt I 
 shall be able to show, that to enter into little cavils on 
 account of the first Aggression, is contrary to the spirit 
 of the Guarantees; but I fancy we must not make use of 
 
 the intimacy of Lord Chesterfield and Lord Cobham during the oppo- 
 sition to Sir Robert Walpole, his regiment was taken from him, and 
 his resentment, which was not so versatile as theirs, had led him to 
 imbibe all the nonsensical tenets of the Jacobites. They wanted a 
 representative, and he was a comely one. The choice accordingly fell 
 on him, after Lord Lichfield, who divided the Tories, had flung his 
 interest into that scale, to prevent the election of the Bishop." — Me- 
 moirs of George the Second, vol. iii. p. 107.
 
 288 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 any arguments which arise solely from the circumstances 
 of the time when the Treaty of I678 was made, as this 
 was not then a new Treaty, but only a copy of an old 
 one between France and the States ; and for the same 
 reason it seems improper to give any interpretation of 
 the Treaty as subsisting now between England and 
 Holland, which would not equally have holden between 
 France and Holland when the same Treaty subsisted 
 between them. I think, however, the point may be suf- 
 ficiently proved without all this. I have several other 
 observations to make, which are too long for a letter, but 
 which will serve for conversation, when you come to 
 town. I will draw out the affair against the time I see 
 you; and as the point is of so very great importance, I 
 think it will be best to show it to one or two of the 
 Ministers, before I venture to publish it. 
 
 I came to town with Lord Harcourt on Sunday ; Dr. 
 Hay, who had been down to Oxford to poll as well as 
 myself, joined us on the road. Lord Lichfield's party 
 joined that of Lord Westmoreland, the day before the 
 Election : if this had not happened, the Bishop would 
 have been chosen, as he had a great majority of either 
 of the others separately. I found the University in 
 much better temper than I expected ; the friends of Lord 
 Lichfield and Lord Westmoreland had so much ex- 
 hausted their rancour upon one another, that they had 
 very little left for any one else. 
 
 I have a suspicion that Dr. Hay has a mind to offer 
 himself for Member for the University, and I should not 
 think it impossible but he might succeed. 
 
 One odd thing happened whilst we were there ; that 
 Beckford came and entered himself of Baliol College 
 (of which he was formerly a member), and it is thought
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 289 
 
 he intends to take his degrees regularly. We have not 
 the least news, there have been no mails for this fort- 
 night. Conway sets out to-morrow. 
 
 I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Loudon, January 18, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Though this letter may possibly arrive 
 at Wotton after you have left it, as I have gotten a 
 piece of news or two to send you, I will still venture to 
 write it. 
 
 A certain account is arrived that the French have 
 abandoned Fort Duquesne, and that our troops had no 
 other trouble than to take possession of it. This is 
 surely a great proof of the internal weakness of the 
 French in that part of the world, and seems to me, on 
 that account, to be a more acceptable piece of news than 
 if it had been taken after siege. 
 
 This event appears to have been known some time 
 before in France. It is also confidently asserted (and 
 by what I hear I believe with truth) that Mons. Bussy, 
 who was employed by the Court of France in England 
 about eighteen years ago, is arrived lately in London. 
 The cause of his coming creates great speculation, and 
 it is said that a person of that consequence could not 
 arrive without some proposals of importance. 
 
 The last news from Holland brought so bad an ac- 
 count of the Princess of Orange that it is thought she 
 must be dead by this time. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson. 
 vol. i. u
 
 290 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Loudon, April 7, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — So much has passed between Lord Hol- 
 dernesse and myself upon my own affair since I saw you, 
 that it would be impossible to recite the whole of it in 
 a letter ; I will keep, therefore, the particulars until I 
 have the pleasure of seeing you ; and I will endeavour 
 only to give you a general idea of it. 
 
 When I first saw his Lordship the morning I spoke 
 to you, I found him very much discomposed by the 
 letter he had received the night before from Lord Har- 
 court ; he seemed to impute this principally to me, 
 and he was particularly offended with a part of it, where 
 he was told that he had given me the strongest assurances 
 that I should be Under Secretary in case of a vacancy, 
 and that I had told my friends of it. He seemed at 
 first to deny this, and by very passionate expressions 
 to make me afraid to avow it. I followed your ad- 
 vice in keeping myself both from passion or reproaches, 
 though there was the justest occasion for both. I told 
 him, however, that there was not a word said in Lord 
 Harcourt's letter which I meant to disown ; and 
 though I would not presume to keep him to his promise, 
 yet I must beg him to recollect the assurances he had 
 twice given me : I then calmly mentioned the time, the 
 place, and the words in which he made them, and I 
 then added that I repeated these with no other view but 
 to confirm the truth of what was said in the letter : and 
 I said that as to my having mentioned these to my 
 friends, I did it to show the just reason I had to confide 
 in his Lordship at a time when many wondered that 
 some provision was not made for me, and this I
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 291 
 
 thought he would not disapprove of. He then con- 
 fessed the truth of all I said, and dropping all warmth 
 in respect to myself, he at once changed his plea, and 
 said that he would have given me the vacant employ- 
 ment if the Duke of Newcastle would have given the 
 least thing in the world to Mr. Fraser, his private Secre- 
 tary, but as the Duke of Newcastle had used him ill in 
 that, he was obliged to make a remove in his office, that 
 he might provide for Fraser. I then took up the con- 
 versation again, and after urging my pretensions as well 
 as I could in a general manner, I added that I was par- 
 ticularly unfortunate that the Duke of Newcastle's ill 
 usage of his Lordship had been the cause of my not 
 having what he intended to give me, since his Grace 
 had on the other hand urged as a reason for not having 
 given me a pension, that he (Lord Holdernesse) meant 
 that I should succeed to Mr. Wallace. 
 
 These words were hardly out of my mouth when he 
 fell into the greatest fury rather than passion, oftentimes 
 saying, / know what you say is true, the Duke of New- 
 castle has used me shamefully ill; thank God, a person 
 a-as by when all that passed on this occasion between the 
 Duke and myself was said ; it was all in the presence of 
 Lady Yarmouth 1 ; but I will have an eclaircissement with 
 
 1 Amelia Sophia de Walmoden, the reputed mistress of George the 
 Second, by whom she was created Countess of Yarmouth for her 
 life: at her decease in 1705. the peerage therefore became extinct. 
 Archdeacon Coxe, in his History of the Pelham Administration, speak- 
 ing of Lady Yarmouth, says that " she became the principal channel 
 of communication between the King and his ministers, and from her 
 acquaintance with his Majesty's temper, she knew how to introduce 
 memorials, petitions, letters, and recommendations at the proper 
 season; and thus not only relieved the King from personal importuni- 
 ties, but the ministers fr<>m the necessity <>f frequently irritating their 
 
 U 'J
 
 292 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 him on this point: I know not how it is, but those per- 
 sons with whom I first came into power have of late be- 
 haved strangely to me, and how cruel it is that they thus 
 force me in my own justification to discover it. 
 
 Astonished at all this, I affirmed what I said was 
 truth, that I should not have mentioned it unless I had 
 had your permission, and that mueh the same thing had 
 also been said to Lord Portsmouth 1 ; he replied, that I 
 need not affirm it, for he knew of himself that it must 
 be true : he then concluded, that he would do the ut- 
 most for me, and that he would deliver in a paper to 
 Lady Yarmouth containing my pretensions, and would 
 get her to give it to the King. He would not tell me 
 what he meant precisely to ask, but bade me come to 
 him now more constantly than usual, as he should have 
 something now every morning to say to me, and desired 
 me to acquaint Lord Harcourt that he should be glad to 
 see him, but not until the beginning of the week, as 
 some new matter would by that time have arisen. I then 
 left him in very good humour, at least with myself. He 
 went down to Court, and from Court came up to wait on 
 Lord Harcourt, but did not find him at home. You 
 know already what had passed that morning between 
 Lord Harcourt and the Duke of Newcastle, so I do not 
 repeat it. 
 
 On Friday morning I saw Lord Holdernesse again : 
 he immediately called me in : he told me that he had 
 
 Pioyal master, by making applications which they knew would be dis- 
 agreeable, but which the affairs of state rendered necessary." 
 
 The circumstances described by Mr. Jenkinson corroborate the ob- 
 servations of Coxe, and show the influence exercised by Lady Yarmouth 
 in the appropriation of places and pensions. 
 
 1 John, second Earl, father of the present Lord Portsmouth.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 293 
 
 had an eclaircissement with the Duke of Newcastle 
 before Lady Yarmouth ; that the Duke had said that he 
 had been misunderstood in respect to the words it was 
 pretended he had used ; but, Lord Holdernesse added, 
 notwithstanding that, I know what you said was true ; 
 but, continues he, as to yourself, the Duke said before 
 Lady Yarmouth that he had engaged to get you a pen- 
 sion according to your desire, and added, that if the 
 Duke set himself thoroughly to it he did not doubt but 
 it would succeed, as from what had passed between 
 them, the Duke would be able to assure the King, that 
 there would be occasion to employ me in another way so 
 soon, that the King would be charged with it but a very 
 little time. Soon after this, Lord Portsmouth came in 
 to Lord Holdernesse : in conversation upon me the 
 latter repeated what he had said before to me, and 
 added that he would add all his influence to bring the 
 point to bear ; assured him of his great regard for me ; 
 that he approved of my conduct in particular upon the 
 present occasion, tried to convince Lord Portsmouth 
 that the Duke of Newcastle's ill-usage of him in respect 
 to Fraser was a sufficient reason for his not complying 
 with his assurances to me, and then added that as there 
 must necessarily be a congress soon for a Peace, that 
 there was no doubt but I should in that case be the 
 Secretaire d'Ambassade. 
 
 This morning I saw his Lordship again, when he told 
 me that the Duke of Newcastle had not spoken to the 
 Kin<r yesterday, but that he had engaged before Lady 
 Yarmouth to return an answer by the middle of the 
 week. 
 
 I hope you will excuse this very long tale ; I shall 
 leave you to make your own reflections upon it. If there
 
 294 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 is any sincerity in all that is passed, I think I shall suc- 
 ceed. Whatever, however, the success may be, I am 
 equally obliged to you for the great pains, and the very 
 kind and friendly part which you was so good as to take 
 in it. I had the pleasure of seeing this morning the 
 two children you have left behind you ; they are both 
 very well. We have not the least news, though we are 
 in the greatest expectations : the Mail of Friday is not 
 yet arrived. I am, &c, &c. Ch. Jenkinson. 
 
 As this letter contains what it would not be proper 
 that it should be known, I shall seal it with a wafer first, 
 and wax over it, that it may not be opened without our 
 knowing it. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, April 10, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — By the mail which arrived last night 
 from Holland, we have an account that the Hereditary 
 Prince of Brunswick had advanced upon the army of 
 the Empire, and, with two squadrons of Prussian Horse, 
 had destroyed two regiments of the troops of Wirtem- 
 berg, one of Infantry and one of Cavalry, and that he 
 was now driving the remainder of that army back into 
 Franconia. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand is at Fulda, but no action hath as 
 yet happened between any part of his troops and those 
 of the French. Lord Granby and General Mostyn was 
 got up to the army, and it does not appear that the 
 French army upon the Rhine are likely to make any 
 motion to disturb the operation of Prince Ferdinand. 
 This is, I believe, all the news.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 295 
 
 As to my own affair, nothing as yet is done in it. I 
 did not indeed expect that the Duke of Newcastle would 
 speak before to-day, but think it probable that he will 
 do it this morning, and this news is come fortunately 
 enough to put the King into a good humour. I have 
 the greatest reason to think that Lord Holdernesse finds 
 himself very much embarrassed, but in his behaviour to 
 me he is much more full of attention than usual. 
 
 I am, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 It is said in town, that Lord Waldegrave is going to 
 marry Miss Maria Walpole 1 . 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, April 12, 1759. 
 Dear Sir, — Though we are at present without any 
 foreign news, I could not help troubling you with a 
 letter, that I might send you the account of a decision 
 which was this day given in a second Dutch appeal. 
 The case was a very strong one : it was that of a Dutch 
 ship coming directly from St. Domingo with a cargo 
 confessed to be the property of the French. The Lords 
 Commissioners have in this case confirmed the decision 
 of the Court of Admiralty, and have condemned both 
 ship and cargo; but they have in this, as in the former 
 instance, avoided any mention of the Treaty, and they 
 have considered the ship, in this case, as an adopted 
 
 1 James, second Earl of Waldegrave, K.G., and some time Governor 
 to George, Prince of Wales. He was married, on the 15th of May 
 following, to Miss Maria Walpole, second daughter of Sir Edward 
 Walpole. Lord Waldegrave died of small-pox, on the 13th of April, 
 1703. His widow was re-married to William Henry, Duke of Glou- 
 cester, brother of King George the Third.
 
 L\0 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 French ship, proved to be such from several particular 
 circumstances, and as such no object of the Treaty, and 
 on this principle they have founded their instance. 
 
 The Lords present were Lords President, Hardwicke, 
 Mansfield, Harcourt, Berkeley, Sandys, Falmouth, Chol- 
 mondeley, Duke of Argyll, and Mr. Legge. Pratt 1 and 
 Hay were for the captors ; both did well, particularly 
 Pratt in his reply. Mr. Yorke 2 gave us again a very 
 lonof discourse, and as much laboured as his former. 
 
 I hear nothing further yet about my own affair ; but 
 I see what I know not how to interpret. His Lordship 
 of Holdernesse, notwithstanding all that has passed, 
 shews such particular attention to me at present, as if 
 I was the master of his affections, and that he had con- 
 ferred some great favour upon me. These Ministers 
 are certainly most inexplicable beings ! 
 
 The three Dutch Commissioners 3 are arrived ; but 
 they have not as yet been with any of the Ministers, or ap- 
 peared at Court, though they have been in town ever since 
 Monday night. I am, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, April 17, 1759. 
 Dear Sir, — I had the favour of your letter last 
 night. I have no news in return to send you. The 
 
 1 Sir Charles Pratt was now Attorney-General, and afterwards Lord 
 Camden, and Lord High Chancellor. 
 
 '■ Mr. Charles Yorke : at this time Solicitor-General. 
 Their instructions were to insist upon the release of certain Dutch 
 vessels which had been taken, and to adhere to the Treaty of 1074, 
 with respect to contraband articles. Walpole, in noticing their arrival, 
 writes to Sir Horace Mann, " The Dutch Deputies are a proverb for 
 their dulness."
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 297 
 
 Duke of Newcastle has not as yet spoken to the King, 
 and Lord Holdernesse, on the other hand, delays still 
 to fill up his office. His Lordship told me to-day that he 
 would put the Duke in mind of speaking just as he 
 went into the King's closet, but as I have not heard 
 anything this afternoon, I presume his Grace has not 
 spoken. 
 
 The Dutch Deputies were introduced this morning to 
 the King, and I suppose they will now immediately begin 
 their negociation. Your remarks are certainly just in 
 reference to their coming at this juncture, and I am 
 convinced that in case the appeal which was last tried 
 had been given in favour of the claimant, it would 
 have produced consequences of which the Government 
 would have reason to repent. 
 
 What I have heard of the Brest Fleet is that the 
 French have undoubtedly a great many ships in that 
 harbour, but whether they could man them or fit them 
 for sea was the doubt. It is commonly, however, sup- 
 posed that Boscawen's orders for the Mediterranean are 
 countermanded, and that he is now gone only to the 
 Bay. 
 
 The last Mail brought nothing new from Germany. 
 Every one almost is gone to Newmarket except Kitty 
 Fisher, who is descended to Lord Poulet's 1 , in Devon- 
 shire, to whom it is doubted whether she is to become 
 wife or mistress. 
 
 The young Duke of Marlborough 2 is lately come 
 
 1 John, second Earl: he died unmarried in 1764. 
 
 2 George, third Duke of Marlborough. He had recently succeeded 
 to the Dukedom. Ee married Caroline, only daughter of John, fourth 
 Duke of Bedford, and died in 1*17. His mother was Elizaheth, 
 daughter of Thomas, Lord Trevor.
 
 298 GHENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 to town, and by the advice of his mother has flung 
 himself totally on Lord Harcourt to direct his conduct 
 in the County of Oxford, and this with such circum- 
 stances as makes me think that Fox has no great in- 
 fluence over him. I am, &c, &c. C. J. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, April 19, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The Dutch Deputies have begun their 
 negotiation ; as preliminary conditions, prior to any far- 
 ther agreement, they have demanded an extrajudicial 
 release of all the ships which have already been taken, 
 and that some further security shall be given them for 
 their trade to their own colonies. If these points are 
 granted them, they are then willing to enter into some 
 agreement upon the future interpretation of the Treaty 
 of 1674, and to confine the privileges of it to Europe 
 only. 
 
 These are such proposals as cannot possibly be com- 
 plied with, and there seems indeed to be such a storm 
 rising, that it will require the greatest prudence in the 
 Ministers of his Majesty to conduct themselves through 
 this affair. 
 
 The only other piece of news which we at present 
 enjoy, is that Capt. Barrington 1 , in a 6i-gun ship, has 
 taken a French ship of 60 guns. I know not the name 
 of either of the ships, or the particulars of the action. 
 
 A Treaty of Marriage between Lord Waldegrave 
 
 1 A younger brother of Lord Barrington, afterwards an Admiral : 
 he died in 1800.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 299 
 
 and Miss Maria Walpole is completely agreed on. I 
 am, &c., &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, April 24, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — We received this morning an account 
 that Prince Ferdinand had attacked the army of the 
 Duke of Broglio, which was entrenched at Bergen, 
 a village not far from Hanau, and that he had been 
 repulsed. 
 
 There is no relation of this affair as yet directly from 
 the Prince, and indeed all that we know is very con- 
 fused and inconsistent. The French account you will 
 see in the papers. 
 
 There are letters also from Mr. Hunter, at Munster ; 
 these make our loss to amount to no more than 1100. 
 It is universally agreed that Prince Isenburgh 1 is 
 killed ; the British troops which were there, as they 
 consisted only of Cavalry, could have little concern in 
 an affair of entrenchments, and have therefore suffered 
 but little. The French are said to have evacuated 
 Hanau. You see how very contradictory all this is. 
 It is certain that this event has prevented the execution 
 of the plan which Prince Ferdinand designed ; but I 
 question whether the affair, considered exclusively of 
 that, will turn out much to our disadvantage. I have, 
 &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 1 It was true that Prince Isenburgh was killed in this battle at 
 Bergen, and that Prince Ferdinand bad failed in bis design ; but be 
 was enabled to make a safe and judicious retreat to a place called 
 Winkeden.
 
 300 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, May 24, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The only authentic news I have at 
 present to send you relates to a Dutch cause, which 
 was this day tried before the Lords of Appeal. The 
 ship was clearly Dutch, and bound from Amsterdam to 
 St. Eustatia ; the cargo outward bound was of a sus- 
 picious nature, consisting of provisions and gunpowder, 
 and at St. Eustatia she took on board some coffee, which 
 the Captain swears to be Dutch property, and other 
 goods which came undeniably from the Erench islands, 
 and to the property of which the Captain would not 
 swear ; there was also great irregularity in the ship's 
 papers, there being no Charter Party, and several of 
 the Bills of Lading not being signed. 
 
 Upon consideration of these particulars, their Lord- 
 ships have sentenced that the ship and coffee whose 
 property is attested, be released, and that the claimant 
 be admitted into the proof of the property of the rest of 
 the cargo. 
 
 You will see by this that their Lordships have come 
 nearer to a determination of the existence, or at least 
 interpretation of the Treaty, than they have done yet, 
 for though the ship is avowedly Dutch, they have 
 clearly given to understand, that if the cargo should 
 even in part appear to be French, they will condemn it. 
 
 I was ordered myself to attend one of the Dutch 
 Deputies to the Council; he appeared very well satisfied 
 with the method of the proceedings, and when the 
 sentence was given, he did not show any displeasure, 
 though I will not be sure that he will be contented 
 with it.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 301 
 
 We have at present no other news, though we have 
 the justest reason to be in expectation of it. Prince 
 Henry's army and the army of the Empire must soon 
 come to some decision. Prince Ferdinand's troops 
 marched out of cantonment the 16th ; some event must 
 soon arrive in consequence of all this. 
 
 There are reports flying this day about the City, that 
 Mr. Moore has had some success at St. Pierre, in 
 Martinico. All, however, which the Government 
 knows of this affair amounts to this, that by a ship just 
 arrived from Jamaica, it appears that a vessel had 
 arrived there from the Leeward Islands, giving an 
 account that Guadaloupe having completely surren- 
 dered, Mr. Moore and the forces were sailed away to 
 Martinico, but what their design was was not known. 
 I am, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, Monday, May 28, 1759. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I have the joy to acquaint you, 
 that Lady Hester was safely delivered of a boy 1 this 
 morning, and that mother and child are, thank God, 
 in as good a way as can be. 
 
 Lady Hester, sends her love to you and Mrs. 
 Grenville, and we both assure ourselves that our news 
 will not be unwelcome. I send this by Monday's post, 
 trusting that it may reach a day sooner. I am ever, 
 &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 1 Afterwards the celebrated Statesman, William Pitt.
 
 302 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, May 29, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I know of no event of any importance to 
 send you. The account of the progress of the army of 
 Prince Henry is printed in all the papers. We have, 
 as yet, no direct intelligence that he is gotten to 
 Bamberg, but we credit the Brussels news, which says 
 that he is. 
 
 This was the first great object, as the magazines of 
 the army of the Empire were lodged in that city ; but 
 we imagine that his Highness means now to advance 
 still farther into Franconia. 
 
 I do not find that the Dutch Deputies are dissatisfied 
 with the last decision. Lord Granville spoke for the 
 first time in the Council upon this cause. He told the 
 Lords, that he did not approve the method they 
 followed of making so many distinctions in their deci- 
 sions. He said he thought they had better speak out 
 at once their sentiments upon the Treaty, since he was 
 sure thev would be reduced to it at last. 
 
 I should have mentioned before, that Prince Ferdinand 
 is moving down the Lippe towards the Lower Rhine, 
 and has left General Imhoff to command in Hesse, 
 while, on the other hand, Monsieur de Contades is 
 marched to join Broglio's army on the Maine, and 
 has left Mons. d'Armentiers to command in his place. 
 The French army is said to be in a very ill condition, 
 no less than five regiments of Horse being laid up with 
 the glanders. 
 
 Notwithstanding all that is said in the papers, I do 
 not find that the French fleet is as yet come out, or 
 even ready as yet to come out. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 C. Jenkinrox.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 303 
 
 THE REV. MR. COTTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Louisbourg, June 1, 1759. 
 
 Sir, — I did myself the honour last year to transmit to 
 you as particular accounts of the good and bad success 
 attending the British armies in this part of the world, 
 as I could procure in my situation ; I flatter myself that 
 I did not incur your displeasure, and hope that the 
 doing myself the same honour this year, will meet with 
 your approbation, as I am fully sensible that your 
 desires are equally great to hear further accounts of the 
 flourishing state of the English, and the decline of the 
 French, and I shall, in as few words as possible, give 
 you the true state of affairs in America, which are as 
 follows : viz. — 
 
 Admiral Saunders arrived at Halifax the beginning 
 of May, at which time Admiral Durell sailed for the 
 River St. Lawrence, and if the ice did not prevent 
 him, was to make the best of his way with eight sail of 
 the line, and a frigate or two, to the Isle of Bie, and 
 higher if possible to that of Coudres, the former of 
 which is between sixty and seventy leagues, the latter 
 ninety ; and in all probability, let him anchor at either 
 of the aforementioned places, he will effectually prevent 
 supplies passing them for Quebec, unless the enemy 
 should force him with a superior naval armament, and 
 then he has nothing to do, but to conquer, or be 
 conquered ; and lest the French should attempt the 
 River after him, Admiral Saunders with the remainder 
 of the fleet and army will sail to reinforce him in a 
 very few days, and to push the operations up the river 
 with the greatest vigilance, and from the martial spirit
 
 304 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 that appears in our Admirals, and Generals, and 
 Troops, there is a great prospect of success ; and I know 
 but one thing that may defeat our hopes, which is, 
 that in case the French should judge their possessions 
 all at stake, and that it is most prudent to make the 
 strongest opposition at the capital, I cannot but fear 
 that we shall meet such a superiority of numbers to our 
 army, as will be sufficient to overpower us, and oblige 
 a retreat ; for I think it so tender a point with them, 
 that either they must (on our safe getting up the river) 
 make the best terms for the whole, or a very forcible 
 opposition, which will be before we take possession of 
 the ground, and compel us to dispute every inch with 
 them ; and if they have the numbers they ought to have, 
 and can, they may by one or frequent engagements 
 reduce our troops, so as that courage and bravery must 
 submit to superiority of numbers, and nothing else. 
 
 If General Amherst should meet with the desired 
 success to the westward, and push his conquests to 
 Montreal, it will greatly facilitate the river expedition, 
 and weaken their strength at Quebec ; and I hope to 
 have the satisfaction towards the close of the campaign 
 to send you the agreeable account of the reduction of 
 both the above-mentioned places, and at present can 
 surmise nothing that will frustrate the designs, unless 
 it is the defeat of one of our armies, which will enable 
 the enemy to reinforce as their service may require. 
 
 When our fleets join, we shall make twenty-one or 
 two sail of the line, besides frigates, &c, and hope it 
 will be a naval force sufficient to keep the enemy at a 
 proper distance if they should send out a fleet into these 
 parts ; though, if they should send out a fleet upon this
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 305 
 
 coast while ours is up the river, they might create some 
 confusion, and if they pushed with vigour, reduce some 
 of our settlements. 
 
 As to the state of the army, I am not so knowing to 
 that as to be so particular in its strength, though the 
 whole, marines, &c, will not exceed 8000 effective 
 men, and by appearances, are as complete for the 
 service as the like number in any part of the world ; 
 and it is to be hoped that the navigation up the River 
 will be such as will favour their designs as soon as can 
 be well expected. 
 
 The winter in this part has in fact been very severe, 
 and in my passage to this place, I met with vast quan- 
 tities of ice, that as the wind sets out or in to this 
 harbour, fills it in such manner as renders it almost im- 
 practicable for boats to pass and repass from the ships 
 to the town. 
 
 It has been Admiral Durell's and Governor PownallV 
 pleasure to keep me going from Halifax to Boston, 
 three or four times the winter past, to settle the terms 
 between them relative to the engaging of seamen to 
 enter into his Majesty's service, to enable the fleet that 
 wintered at Halifax to put to sea this spring ; and it 
 was attended with such success, that before I left 
 Boston, there were 250 sent down to Admiral Durell, 
 and it is expected that more will enter. 
 
 Although Admiral Durell did not sail for the river 
 'till after Mr. Saunders's arrival, yet I believe the 
 severity of the season, in the great body and islands of 
 
 1 Thomas Pownall, at this time Governor of South Carolina. He 
 had been Lieut.-Governor of New Jersey in 1755, and in 1757 
 Governor of Massachusetts Bay. Tie will be hereafter mentioned in 
 these volumes. 
 
 vol. r. x
 
 30(> GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 ice that are now in the Gulph, will prove fatal to some 
 of the honest seamen, for it is very difficult to believe 
 all, unless one is an eve-witness of it, and made sensible 
 bv the intenseness, which is more than can be con- 
 jectured, and at this season of the year. 
 
 We have not heard a word from Admiral Durell 
 since his departure ; the Alcide and Stirling Castle, 
 which were ordered to reinforce him, on their way to 
 him fell in with a store-ship from France, took and 
 sent her in here, laden with powder and clothing for 
 Quebec, burthen 200 tons, and came out, as they say, 
 with two more and two frigates on the King's account, 
 which I hope will meet with the same fate. 
 
 I shall take particular care to be as accurate in my 
 accounts as is possible, and never presume to insert any- 
 thing more than I am satisfied can be depended upon, 
 and I hope on my return to England to have the honour 
 of your countenance and patronage. I am, &c, &c. 
 
 Nathaniel Cotton. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, June 14, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir,- — I have the pleasure to acquaint you that 
 Colonel Wavering' is arrived from Guadaloupe, and 
 brings us the agreeable news of a total surrender of that 
 Island to us. I have seen very little relating to this 
 event as yet, and the Government has as yet published 
 nothing concerning it, so that I am not able to send you 
 
 1 Colonel Clavering brought letters to Mr. Pitt from the Hon. 
 General Barrington and Commodore Moore, containing full details of 
 these events, which were afterwards published in the London Gazette.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 307 
 
 any particulars. I do not find, however, that we have 
 had any loss except what has happened from sickness. 
 I congratulate you on this piece of good news, as I 
 think in every respect of importance. 
 
 The next place from whence we are to expect news 
 is the Pays de Hesse. Here the French are making 
 the greatest efforts, and by this means to advance at 
 last into Saxony. 
 
 The armies of Marechal Contades and the Duke of 
 Broglio are joined, and if we mean to defeat their 
 designs, I should think an action must soon ensue. 
 
 Some ships are sending to the Mediterranean to re- 
 inforce Boscawen. 
 
 Lord Harcourt saw the Duke of Newcastle a few 
 days before he left town : his Grace then assured him 
 that he would certainly do my affair ; but when I saw 
 him a few days ago, he then told me that there was an 
 intention of sending me abroad immediately, and he 
 wished that I might succeed. This was, I have no doubt, 
 only a pretence to account for his not having as yet 
 accomplished the other request. Lord Harcourt in- 
 tends to write to him again ; I wish I could get his 
 Grace to accomplish this affair, as I am heartily tired 
 of my long attendance, and want very much to be out of 
 town. I have, &c, &c. Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, June 23, 1759. 
 Dear Grenville, — Lady Hester and I feel a most 
 sensible satisfaction from the more favourable accounts 
 of your dear children, and we trust that a very little 
 
 x 2
 
 308 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 time longer will not leave the least room for anv anxietv. 
 Our little tribe are, thank God, in perfect health, the 
 last arrived of which is the subject of a request which 
 father and mother desire to make to you, and which 
 they trust you will easily pardon them for troubling you 
 with, from a certain fellow-feeling which all true pro- 
 moters of christenings must have for one another. We 
 hope that you will do us the honour to be godfather to 
 our boy, and if you are so good to grant us that favour, 
 care shall be taken of your proxy. 
 
 Ladv Hester, who walks abroad with more courage 
 than conduct, joins in all affectionate compliments and 
 best wishes for Wotton. 
 
 We expect every moment news of a general action in 
 Hesse : the expectation is big with inquietudes, but hope 
 predominates. I am ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, June 26, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I have not for some time troubled you 
 with a letter, in hopes of being able to transmit to you 
 some news of importance, and the near approach of the 
 two armies of Prince Ferdinand and Marshal Contades 
 seemed likely to have afforded that opportunity, but the 
 accounts which were yesterday received from Holland 
 say that the Prince is retired to Lipstadt. There are 
 no letters by the last mail from the army, but if the 
 above circumstance is true (as I believe it is), there will 
 be no action for some time. 
 
 The only particular that is worth sending you is a
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 309 
 
 very silly action of Lady Coventry 1 , who having been 
 insulted in the park, Sunday was se'nnight, the King 
 heard of it, and said, that to prevent the same for the 
 future he would have a guard. Upon this foundation 
 her ladyship ventured boldly again into the park on 
 Sunday evening, but she was attended with two Ser- 
 geants of the Guards in front, with their halberds, and 
 no less than twelve followed her. The whole guard 
 was ready to have turned out if there had been occasion, 
 and the Colonel of the Guard in waiting kept at the 
 proper distance : with this ridiculous parade she walked 
 there from 8 of the clock to 10 ; and as all this could 
 not prevent the mob from having curiosity, some im- 
 pertinent things were still uttered, though at some little 
 farther distance, and some of Fielding's men that at- 
 tended took up the most troublesome. I am, &c, &c. 
 
 Charles Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, July 3, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Though the progress which the French 
 are enabled, by the superiority of their numbers, to make 
 on the Continent is not the most agreeable news, and 
 makes the world in general apprehensive that they will 
 again get possession of Hanover, and retain it as a 
 deposit in case of peace ; yet our accounts from every 
 other quarter are as good as we could wish. A frigate 
 yesterday arrived from Saunders, bringing an account 
 that he with the fleet, and the troops under the com- 
 
 1 Maria Gunning, Countess of Coventry, so celebrated for her 
 beauty.
 
 310 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 mand of Mr. Wolfe 1 , sailed from Louisbourg on the 
 3rd of June, and were proceeding in their voyage to- 
 wards Quebec. All the letters also agree that the 
 troops were in remarkable health and spirits, and that 
 everything there bore a favourable aspect. 
 
 There are letters, also, this day from Sir Edward 
 Hawke, saying, that he had looked into Brest Water, 
 and that there were neither so many ships there, nor 
 those in so much forwardness as had been reported. 
 I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 SIR RICHARD LYTTELTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Ealing, July 7, 1759. 
 
 My dear George, — It was not 'till Thursday that 
 Lady Bute told us of Master Grenville's illness. You 
 know how sincerely the Duchess and I interest ourselves 
 in whatever concerns you and Mrs. Grenville, you will 
 therefore believe the anxiety we are under for your 
 sweet boy, and how much we long to hear of his being 
 out of danger, and that you are free from your fears in 
 regard to him. God send him a speedy recovery. 
 
 Letters from our gallant friend Rodney received yes- 
 
 1 General Wolfe had been appointed by Pitt to the command of the 
 enterprise against Quebec. Walpole, in his Memoirs of George the 
 Second, has accurately described the character of Wolfe as " a young 
 officer who had contracted reputation from his intelligence of discipline, 
 and from the perfection to which he had brought his own regiment. 
 The world could not expect more from him tban he thought himself 
 capable of performing. He looked on danger as the favourable mo- 
 ment that would call forth his talents." The same author speaks of 
 Admiral Sir Edward Hawke as " a man of steady courage, of fair 
 appearance, and who even did not want a plausible kind of sense : but 
 he was really weak, and childishly abandoned to the guidance of a 
 Scotch Secretary."
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 311 
 
 terday at the Admiralty, give an account of his having 
 begun his operations against Havre with good appear- 
 ance of success ; that his shells had twice set fire to the 
 town and stores, and seemed to take place amongst the 
 boats, but with what success was not precisely known 
 (as I apprehend), and that he was at the time the sloop 
 left him closely engaged with some batteries. I have 
 had no account from authority, but this intelligence I 
 have just received from a person who saw r his letter. 
 
 I know little what passes in my retirement, but some 
 things I have lately heard of do not delight me greatly. 
 Lord Ligonier 1 , you must long since have heard, has 
 got the Ordnance, but what of that ? I have heard of 
 private audiences, and presents of hock and sausages — 
 't is strange, the produce of Westphalia — 't is strange, 
 but 1 hear 't is true : well ! all 's well that ends well, say 
 some folks. God send good success to Rodney, say I, 
 and then I shall neither fear the French nor a new G. 
 'Tis hot work at Havre, and at Quebec too, by this 
 time. Good success to Wolfe and Townshend 2 is my 
 
 1 Lord Ligonier was appointed to succeed the Duke of Marlborough 
 as Master General of the Ordnance. 
 
 2 Brigadier General George Townshend, afterwards Lord Towns- 
 hend. He was associated with Wolfe in the expedition against Quebec. 
 Upon the death of Wolfe, and General Monckton being wounded, 
 Townshend assumed the chief command at Quebec, and signed the 
 articles of capitulation. He was accused of attempting to appropriate 
 to himself the honours of the conquest ; and it is certain that in his 
 letters to Pitt, immediately after the battle, he said nothing in praise 
 of Wolfe. He was soon afterwards very bitterly attacked by the 
 writer of a letter, which was published under the title of a Letter to an 
 Honourable Brigadier General. This production attracted considerable 
 attention, and was the cause of Townshend challenging Lord Albemarle 
 as the friend of the Duke of Cumberland, at whose instigation he 
 believed the Letter to have been written. I shall abstain from any 
 further allusion to this Letter at present, as I shall have occasion to 
 say more upon thai subject, when 1 treat of the Authorship of thp 
 Letters of Junius.
 
 312 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 toast also. Our kindest compliments to Mrs. Grenville. 
 Adieu. Yours, &c, &c. R. L. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, July 7, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I was extremely sorry to hear by your 
 letter last night of the ill state of health of Master 
 Grenville. I do not wonder at your great concern, and 
 I partake myself most sincerely of it ; but I hope that 
 Providence, at least for the parents' sake, will on this 
 occasion spare the child. I am in the utmost distress 
 for poor Mrs. Grenville. 
 
 If public news would not on this occasion look like 
 impertinence, I should inform you that letters were yes- 
 terday received from your friend Mr. Rodney, which 
 give an account that he had bombarded Havre de Grace, 
 that he had set it on fire in several places, that some of 
 the flat- bottomed boats had been burnt, that the fleet 
 still continued the bombardment when the Express came 
 away, and that they could not therefore as yet precisely 
 know the loss of the enemy. 
 
 I might also add that an account was this mornino- 
 received that some of the French were landed in Kent, 
 and orders began to be given out in consequence, when 
 about two hours after another account arrived, saying 
 that the former was all a mistake, I have, &c, &c. 
 
 C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Loudon, July 17, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — As I am sure you are convinced how sin- 
 cerely I grieve and condole with you and Mrs. Grenville
 
 1759. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 313 
 
 for the loss 1 you have so lately sustained, I will not con- 
 tribute by the use of many words to renew your own 
 sorrow on this melancholy occasion. 
 
 I will rather endeavour to divert it, and as you are a 
 Captain of Militia, I will first tell you that the Norfolk 
 Militia passed this day in review before the King, and 
 in the opinion of every one made a very good 
 appearance. Lord Orford 2 marched at the head of 
 them as Brigadier-General, having a Commission given 
 him for that purpose. 
 
 The cap of their Grenadiers was of an uncommon 
 shape ; they are like the Devils' caps on the stage, and 
 one of each pair of colours is black, with the arms of 
 the county upon it. The King appeared very much 
 pleased, and Lord Orford seemed justly proud thus to 
 have 1200 of his countrymen following him for the 
 defence of his country. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand is retreated to Osnaburgh. He 
 left the passage to Hanover open to the French, but they 
 did not choose to enter : the truth is they were afraid to 
 leave our army in the rear, which was what the Prince 
 wanted ; but they are resolved, if they do enter Hanover, 
 to drive our army into it before them. 
 
 Boscawen sends accounts that there are preparations 
 at Toulon which will make the French fleet equal in 
 number to his own. I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 ' The death of their eldest son, Richard Percy Grenville, about 
 seven years of age. 
 
 lieurge, third Earl of Orford, grandson of Sir Robert Walpole. 
 He was Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk. The review of his regiment of 
 Militia took place in Hyde Park, and is mentioned with great satisfac- 
 tion by his uncle, Horace Walpole {Correspondence, vol. iii. p. 4(53); 
 and also by Mr. Pitt, in the Chatham Correspondence (vol. ii. p. 4).
 
 314 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Hayes, July 21, 1759. 
 
 My dear Grenville, — I should attempt in vain to 
 give expression to the sentiments of my heart for you 
 and Mrs. Grenville, nor is consolation to be offered but 
 by the hand of Time, aided by the very source of your 
 present just affliction, parental tenderness for the dear 
 gifts of Heaven which remain ; and may that protecting 
 Heaven preserve them to you, and both of you to them, 
 to each other, to your family, and friends! I learn with 
 infinite satisfaction that your health and Mrs. Gren- 
 ville's has been able to support itself. Give every atten- 
 tion to that article I beseech you, for without competent 
 strength of body, vain are the efforts of the strongest and 
 wisest minds. 
 
 I will not resign the hope of a run, some day this 
 summer, to Wotton, for the health and comfort of which 
 I form the sincerest unceasing wishes. I am ever, &c, &c. 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, July 26, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I am obliged to leave town, and be there- 
 by deprived of an opportunity of transmitting you intel- 
 ligence just at a time when news was likely to arise 
 that was worth sending; besides what might be expected 
 from the West Indies, the armies on the Continent are 
 at present placed in such a situation that events must 
 probably have already happened which will determine 
 not only the fate of this campaign, but also of the war. 
 The cause of my going out of town is to attend a brother
 
 1759. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 315 
 
 who has lately had the Small Pox very bad, and is going 
 into the country to recover his health. I set out there- 
 fore for Hampshire to-morrow morning : I shall stay, 
 however, as little time there as possibly I can, that I 
 may return again to town to hunt a certain Minister 1 , 
 who never does a favour with a good grace, and must 
 fairly be run down if you mean to have him accomplish 
 any promise he has made to you. 
 
 Lord Harcourt has again written to him in a more 
 serious and urgent manner than can be imagined con- 
 sistent with that great kindness with which he has 
 always indulged me, but it has as yet produced no effect. 
 Every time I see his Grace he still repeats to me the 
 same promises. His own people, West and Jones, have 
 put him in mind of it/ but all will not as yet bring him 
 to a performance. I shall follow, however, the advice 
 of my friends, and continue to pursue the blow, though 
 it is the most irksome and ungenerous task I was ever 
 engaged in in my life. 
 
 Anything directed to me at Winchester will find me. 
 I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Winton, August 6, 1759. 
 Dear Sir, — The only things worthy of observation in 
 this place are the French prisoners, and a regiment of 
 Militia. The number of the first amounts at present to 
 3000 : they consist of all nations : there are some even 
 Turks, many Irish, and a few days ago a Militia-man of 
 Wiltshire discovered his own brother. They are con- 
 
 1 The Duke of Newcastle.
 
 31 (J GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 lined here in a house which belongs to the Crown, and 
 which was begun by Charles the Second for a palace, and 
 stands upon a very high spot of ground, where a castle 
 before stood that belonged to the famous Sir William 
 Waller. Adjoining to this has been railed in a large 
 piece of ground, where the prisoners are let out in the 
 day to air themselves. They complain very much of the 
 French Government for having withdrawn its allowance 
 from them : many of them have offered, as I am told, to 
 enter into our service, and some were accepted, but they 
 behaved themselves so very ill that they were remanded 
 to prison. They have established a sort of Police 
 among themselves, and try and punish all that are guilty 
 of little thefts and other crimes. It appears from this 
 how naturally men form themselves into civil societies. 
 They keep up also some forms of religion, assembling 
 every morning to sing their matins, and in the evening 
 their vespers. The regular life they are obliged to lead 
 preserves them uncommonly healthy, though they are so 
 very ragged that they have very little to cover them- 
 selves from the inclemency of the weather. 
 
 The Militia of Wiltshire are here to guard them, and 
 went on Saturday into camp. Lord Bruce 1 , who com- 
 mands them, discharges his duty in a manner that does 
 him honour. Lientenant-Colonel Northey and Captain 
 Beckford are also very assiduous. They are a finer body 
 of men than the Norfolk Battalions, but not under so 
 good discipline. The Warwickshire Militia, which was 
 marched as far as Salisbury with a design to have been 
 encamped also here, are countermanded. Lord Denbigh 2 , 
 
 Thomas Brudenell, second Bai'ou Bruce, afterwards Earl of Ailes- 
 bury. He died in 1814. 
 
 2 Basil Feilding, sixth Earl of Denbigh. He died in 1800.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 317 
 
 upon hearing what was to he their destination, flew im- 
 mediately to town and represented the indignity that was 
 offered to his corps in appointing them to the guard of 
 prisoners, so that for this, or some other reason, their 
 destination is altered. 
 
 I am very much obliged to you for your kind wishes 
 in relation to myself: the treatment I have received on 
 this occasion gives me the greatest concern, as it places 
 me in a situation, which of all others I was most 
 desirous to avoid ; however troublesome I might be to 
 other people, I hoped never to become so to those who 
 were truly my friends, and I always flattered myself that 
 at least, by industry and good intentions, I might render 
 any application they should make in my favour not very 
 difficult, as I was always resolved it should be reason- 
 able ; but in the present case I have not only been a 
 trouble to my friends, but have also brought a disgrace 
 on them, since in favour of me thev have been refused a 
 request, which on such an application has usually been 
 granted to the lowest and least deserving of beings ; and 
 though their kind endeavours w T ere backed and supported 
 by the good inclination of the public in general, yet in 
 the present instance it has availed nothing, and his Grace 
 of Newcastle is resolved upon the present occasion to 
 show the plenitude of his power, and that no circum- 
 stance or consideration shall oblige him to perform even 
 a promise, where, at the same time that he passed his 
 w^ord, his inclination was not with it. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 Chas. Jenkinson.
 
 318 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 THE REV. MR. COTTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Princess Amelia, Isle Madame, August 27, 1759. 
 Sir, — The following is a copy of my letter to you, 
 dated August 10th and 15th, Isle Madame, which was 
 put on board His Majesty's ship Diana for conveyance, 
 and is as follows, viz. : — 
 
 In the beginning of June last, I took the liberty, 
 Sir, to send you as true a state of affairs in America as 
 I could then procure, and I hope it arrived safe in His 
 Majesty's ship Nightingale, who sailed from Louis- 
 bourg for England, June 10th, and in that letter I 
 hinted that I feared but one thing, which might defeat 
 our hopes in this quarter, which was that the enemy 
 might assemble such a body of troops at Quebec as 
 might check the ardour of our army in making them- 
 selves masters of the place, and by their superiority in 
 numbers oblige us to dispute every inch of ground, and 
 of consequence reduce our numbers and make us re- 
 treat. This has in part been the case, and is as fol- 
 lows, viz. : — 
 
 On the 3 1st of July a disposition was made to land 
 and force the enemy from their trenches, which was 
 attempted ; but the enemy's superiority, and orders not 
 being duly observed, a retreat was beat, and well exe- 
 cuted, with the loss of 65 men only, and between 200 
 and 300 wounded and brought off. Notwithstanding 
 which the cannonade and bombardment has been con- 
 tinued from the other side of the river upon the town 
 with great spirit and vigour, that the houses in the lower 
 town are well nigh consumed by the shells, and carcasses 
 beat down by the shot.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 319 
 
 Brigadier Murray, with 1200 or 1300 men, is above 
 the town, besides the following ships of war, viz. : — 
 Sutherland and Squirrell, under the command of Ad- 
 miral Holmes. 
 
 Brigadier Monckton commands at Point Levy, on the 
 south side of the River, opposite the town, where are 
 the cannon, and bomb batteries, which incessantly play 
 upon the town. 
 
 Brigadier Townshend is with General Wolfe at the 
 falls of Montmorency, where they have a number of 
 cannon, mortars, &c, and from thence have annoyed 
 the enemy in their trenches, as they are to a man en- 
 trenched. 
 
 The above has been, and still is, the disposition of 
 the army, except frequent detachments sent out, which 
 bring in women and cattle. 
 
 There is scarce a day passes but skirmishes happen, 
 and loss sustained on both sides. 
 
 As yet we have had no authentic accounts from 
 General Amherst, though from what we can collect 
 from prisoners and deserters, success has attended his 
 army, and we are in hopes he will join us or send a rein- 
 forcement; if he should not, it is thought another attempt 
 will be made to force their trenches, and if that should 
 not succeed, they hint as if the greatest part of the 
 army will winter at Isle Coudre, and, before they go 
 to their cantonment, will procure all the stock and 
 necessaries that the country and their security will admit 
 of; after which they will consume the houses and stand- 
 ing corn, so as effectually to distress the enemy the en- 
 suing winter. His destruction has already begun at St. 
 Paul's Bay, Goore Cape, and contiguous, and I suppose
 
 320 GRENVILLK PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 will be executed, ere long, each side the river, and upon 
 the Isle of Orleans. 
 
 Admiral Saunders has hoisted his flag on board the 
 Stirling Castle, and is with 8 or 9 ships of the line, 
 besides frigates, &c, at the West end of Orleans, in the 
 Bason which is formed by that end of the island and 
 Point Levy, and within sight of the town. 
 
 The enemy, Sir, have attempted once again to burn 
 our fleet and transports, by fire ships and their fire 
 stages, which fortunately proved ineffectual to that pur- 
 pose, and done us little or no damage. The form of 
 their fire stages is the putting several timbers together, 
 very nigh a square, upon which they put their com- 
 bustibles, linking 70 or 80 of them together, and tow 
 them till they come nigh the fleet, and then turn them 
 adrift ; but by the vigilance of our boats, which, by 
 means of their fire grapnels, tow them clear of the ships, 
 and oft times on shore, to the no small mortification 
 of the contrivers of them. 
 
 Admiral Durell, Sir, has the command of 8 or 9 
 of the line at the Isle Madame, or East end of 
 Orleans, about six or seven leagues from Mr. Saunders, 
 where he lays commodiously moored, to prevent a French 
 fleet from coming to the assistance and relief of Quebec, 
 if they should attempt it. 
 
 Two ships more lay at Coudre, and one at Isle of 
 Bee, so that we shall be soon advised if an enemy's fleet 
 should enter the river. 
 
 Admiral Holmes, as I noticed before, commands above 
 the town. This, Sir, is the disposition of the fleet, 
 which has happily got up the River, with scarce a mis- 
 fortune attending them or the transports.
 
 1759. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 321 
 
 I wish, Sir, I could with an equal degree of certainty 
 ensure the conquest of Quebec and the country, as I 
 did of Louisbourg last year, and I am well satisfied, if 
 General Amherst should join, we must meet with suc- 
 cess ; but if he should meet with opposition and impedi- 
 ments sufficient to prevent this much-desired junction, I 
 can say that, without assuming to myself too great a know- 
 ledge, I shall not go down the river disappointed. From 
 my first knowing the plan of operations, I could not 
 forbear saying that the land force was insufficient, if 
 the enemy did as they ought, and must be expected they 
 would do, and I found my opinion was singular, and was 
 oblig-ed to be silent. 
 
 And even now, Sir, I cannot forbear saying that 
 I think the army was rather tardy in attempting the 
 enemy's trenches, for they had four weeks, after our 
 troops got up, to strengthen their works and call in the 
 peasants, which they did, and to a very good degree, so 
 that as we did not attempt them at first, we should have 
 delayed 'till we had certain accounts of Mr. Amherst's 
 motions, and perhaps, by such time, the enemy would 
 have been tired out, and Vaudreuil and Montcalm would 
 have thought it prudent to send a part of the inha- 
 bitants to gather in the harvest, which is now the case 
 in those parts, where it is risking a detachment too 
 much to send and molest them. 
 
 This, Sir, I communicate without the least design of 
 prejudice to Admirals or Generals, and purely, Sir, for 
 your amusement, and I hope soon affairs will bear a 
 more favourable aspect. 
 
 The disposition of the ships, Sir, I conclude will de- 
 pend on the fate of the place. I very much fear, Sir, 
 the reason of our ill success, will not originate wholly in 
 
 VOL. I. Y
 
 3-22 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 the superiority of the enemy as to numbers, but in some 
 unrevealed causes subsisting among ourselves, which 
 I hope the conquest of the place will suffer to lay un- 
 noticed 1 . 
 
 28th August, 1759. 
 
 Since the foregoing a detachment from our army have 
 been down the North shore almost to Cape Torment, at 
 the East end of Orleans, and have burnt all the houses 
 and barns between the Cape and the Falls of Mont- 
 morency, and it is expected that the South shore and 
 the Isle of Orleans will soon suffer the same fate. 
 
 Admiral Holmes and Brigadier Murray joined the 
 army on the 26th instant, and from them we have the 
 following account : that in their excursion above the town 
 they have burnt a large Magazine, with clothing, provi- 
 sions, &c. ; that they had frequently small skirmishes 
 with the enemy, and have taken some prisoners, from 
 whom, and bv letters found with them, we learn that 
 Brigadier Prideaux has succeeded in taking Niagara, 
 though he lost his life, together with the second in com- 
 mand, who we supposed to be Colonel Haldiman ; that 
 upon General Amherst's approach the enemy had aban- 
 doned and destroyed Ticonderago and Crown Point, and 
 retired to St. John's, where he is closely pursuing them, 
 and are in hopes he will have it in his power to reinforce 
 us here. This, Sir, is the account from the prisoners 
 and the letters ; I cannot but wish the truth, as it has 
 
 1 Evidently an allusion to the difference of opinion which was 
 supposed to exist between Wolfe and Townshend, and perhaps some 
 others of the officers, with respect to the plan of operations before 
 Quebec. In the pamphlet entitled A Letter to an Honourable Briga- 
 dier General, already mentioned, Townshend is particularly cbarged 
 with opposing, both in public and private, the intentions of Wolfe, as 
 well as protesting in form against the last desperate, but eventually 
 successful, attempt, in which his life was sacrificed.
 
 1759. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 323 
 
 the air of probability, and gains credit amongst us, and 
 the channel in which I have it is so good, that its 
 falsity must originate with the prisoners, in order to 
 blind us more effectually, which, as things are cir- 
 cumstanced, I cannot think to be the case. 
 
 As to the cannonade and bombardment, it has been 
 continued on the town with the same violence as at first, 
 that it is now but a scene of ruin and destruction. 
 
 We still continue to maintain our posts as usual, and 
 shall find it equally difficult to gain a footing between 
 the Falls of Montmorency and the River St. Charles, as 
 the enemy are so strongly entrenched. 
 
 The wind has not yet favoured the Lowestoff and 
 Hunters going above the town. I have the honour, 
 &c, &c. Nath. Cotton. 
 
 N.B. The Lowestoff and Hunter passed the town the 
 28th, in the evening, without any other damage than 
 one man killed and two wounded on board the latter. 
 
 P.S. This is to come by the Rodney Cutter, Captain 
 Percival. 
 
 September 6, 1759. 
 
 We have the confirmation of the enemy's destroying 
 and abandoning Ticonderago on the 26th of July, and 
 the melancholy news of Colonel Roger Townshend' 
 being killed the day before by a cannon-ball. 
 
 That Colonel Haldiman was attacked in his en- 
 trenched camp at Oswego, by 1800 French and Indians, 
 and that he obliged them to retreat and leave him. 
 
 As also, that our troops had besieged Niagara, and 
 the enemy had offered to capitulate on the honours 
 of war being granted, but were refused ; and it is rea- 
 sonably thought that we are long before this in quiet 
 
 1 Fourth son of Charles, third Viscount Townshend. 
 
 Y °2
 
 324 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 1759. 
 
 possession" of the Fort, on our own terms. That Bri- 
 gadier Prideaux was killed by the bursting of one of our 
 cannon or mortars. 
 
 A detachment from General Wolfe's army is come 
 down to burn and destroy whatever they can on the 
 South shore. 
 
 General Wolfe has moved his camp from Montmorency, 
 and is o-one above the town with 5000 men. Two davs 
 ago four men arrived from General Amherst, and left 
 him at Crown Point. What we are to expect from 
 him, and what will be the issue of this campaign, I 
 do not presume to say, as the purport of General 
 Amherst's despatches is known only by Brigadier Ge- 
 nerals and Admiral. I am, &c, &c. N. C. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, September 6, 1759. 
 Dear Sir, — I came to town but a week ago, and 
 should have written to you before, if anything had 
 occurred worth your notice. Our Mails from Holland 
 arrived at last this morning : there are no letters as yet 
 from Mr. Mitchell, or any direct accounts from the King 
 of Prussia, but it is certain that Marshal Daun, to im- 
 prove the Russian victory, is advancing with his army 
 towards Berlin ; that Prince Henry is following him ; 
 that upon this account the King himself is drawn nearer 
 his capital ; that His Majesty's army is brought again 
 into tolerable condition, and that it does not as yet 
 appear that the Russian army has advanced over the 
 Oder. All the forces, however, of His Prussian Ma- 
 jesty, and his enemies, are drawing now towards a point,
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 325 
 
 and he may probably fight in the sight of his capital, 
 both for his crown and his life. 
 
 The last accounts from Prince Ferdinand are of the 
 23rd : the French were then at Marlborough, but it is 
 thought they have since quitted it. Lord Granby had 
 then taken the command of the British forces. I do 
 not find that Lord George ' is yet come to England, and 
 he has not been heard of at the Hague, or anywhere on 
 the road. 
 
 I hear nothing yet, of any consequence, of the King of 
 Spain's death 2 . I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 THE REV. MR. COTTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Isle Madame, Princess Amelia, September, 20, 1759. 
 
 Sir, — I have the satisfaction to acquaint you that 
 through the smiles of Providence, we are in safe and 
 quiet possession of Quebec, and in the following man- 
 ner, viz. — 
 
 On the 3rd instant General Wolfe decamped from 
 Montmorency, and soon after proceeded above the town 
 with nigh 4000 men, and continued in a moving posture 
 'till the 12th, when towards night he went up the river 
 in boats with the tide of flood for several leagues with 
 his little army ; and the enemy on shore, observing his 
 motions, marched their army up also, thinking he would 
 attempt landing towards the Trois Rivieres. 
 
 When the tide of ebb made, he silently dropped down 
 with all his boats 'till he came within a few miles of the 
 
 1 Lord George Sackville. 
 
 ■' Ferdinand the Sixth, King of Spun, died on the 10th of August, 
 in Ins Ifith year.
 
 326 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 1759. 
 
 town, when he landed early in the morning, the 13th, 
 with very little opposition, and about 10 o'clock the 
 armies had a close and warm engagement, and the 
 enemy was entirely routed. Their army consisted of 
 7000 men, regulars and irregulars, and the loss they 
 sustained was the Marquis of Montcalm, who they 
 carried off the field of battle, and he died of his wounds 
 at Quebec the same evening. Two Brigadiers General 
 killed, one Colonel, two Lieutenant Colonels, five Ma- 
 jors, besides Captains and Subalterns, and 1200 or 1500 
 men killed and wounded. 
 
 Our loss consists of General Wolfe being killed on 
 the field of Action ; Brigadier Monckton, Colonel 
 Carleton, and Major Barre 1 wounded, but on the reco- 
 very ; about sixty officers killed and wounded, and 500 
 men. 
 
 It has been as glorious an action on our side as 
 Annals can produce, for we pursued them into town, 
 and since have been preparing to open our batteries ; 
 but the ships dropping up to the town with the tide, 
 they judged it more prudent to capitulate, and we are 
 in possession of Quebec. 
 
 What terms have been granted I cannot say, as I 
 have not seen the Articles, but I hope they will every 
 way be beneficial to the British interest. 
 
 I hope soon to have the honour to pay my compli- 
 ments to you in England. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 J^ath. Cotton. 
 
 1 Major, afterwards Lieut. -Colonel, Barre was so severely wounded 
 in the face that the sight of one eye was totally destroyed. Soon after 
 his return to England, Colonel Barre came into Parliament for 
 Wycombe, under the patronage of the Earl of Shelburne, and he 
 became distinguished in the House of Commons by the vehemence of 
 his oratory. He was Adjutant General to the Forces, Governor of
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 327 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, September 22, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The Mail of yesterday brings us an 
 account that the Castle Marbourgh was surrendered, 
 and the Garrison prisoners of war ; and that General 
 Wunsch, who was sent to the relief of Dresden, and 
 arrived too late to effect that, had attacked a large 
 body, consisting partly of Austrians and partly of the 
 army of the Empire, and had totally defeated them. 
 We have no accounts directly from the King of Prussia, 
 but the Berlin intelligence seems, I think, to be favour- 
 able. He holds his enemies at bay, and that alone will, 
 I believe, be sufficient to make them retire soon for 
 want of subsistence. 
 
 The French have kept a body of troops embarked in 
 their ports for these last ten clays, but they have not 
 ventured to come out, though the wind has been as 
 favourable as they could wish, if they meant to do any- 
 thing. 
 
 Lord George Sackville's reputation is at present, I 
 think, lower than ever, since the publication of his 
 letter 1 to Colonel Fitz Roy, and his answer to it, and 
 the Declaration of Captain Smith : the facts which are 
 there brought to li^ht are thought to make against 
 him. I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle made a very long speech 
 a his meeting on Wednesday, giving a detail of the 
 
 Stirling Castle, and, in the Duke of Grafton's Administration in 1766, 
 he was appointed to be one of the Vice-Treasurers of Ireland. He 
 survived until the year 1802. 
 
 1 Lord George Sackville's letter, and Colonel Fitz Roy's reply, will 
 b< tbund in the Gentleman's Magazim for 1759, p. -117.
 
 328 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 war, and the causes of it. He subscribed £500, the 
 two members for the county jt'100 each. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 October 2, 1759. 
 
 My dear Sir, — Though I do not pretend to be as 
 infallible a lawyer as Lord Chief Justice Willes, nor 
 
 even as Lord Chief Justice , yet if I am to use the 
 
 forbidden weapons in Law, common reason and common 
 interpretation of words, I cannot figure to myself the 
 least foundation for Mr. Attorney Bull's exemption 1 . 
 His writ of privilege sets out with mentioning a custom 
 in the Court of King's Bench from time immemo- 
 rial, &c. 
 
 Now I apprehend that we are to act under a modern 
 written law, establishing a mode of modern militia 
 which has no respect whatever to the former, and where 
 Parliament has itself specified the only exemptions, even 
 of Peerage itself: if we look into the words of those 
 exemptions we shall find none under which attorneys 
 are comprehended. They cannot surely style them- 
 selves Peace Officers, and submit to come after con- 
 stables. But indeed the writ of privilege seems to put 
 it upon nothing but immemorial use : but why may not 
 they, as well as Members of Parliament, nay Mr. Speaker 
 himself, be obliged to find at least a substitute ? the tax 
 on that profession would not. be very severe. Thus 
 much for common reason. As to law, you had better 
 
 1 Bull was a Buckinghamshire Attorney, who had claimed the privi- 
 lege of exemption from the Militia, merely, it seems, because he was 
 an Attorney!
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 3*29 
 
 take a ride over to the lawyer of our family, Mr. George 
 Grenville, by whom it may be best to be directed. Not 
 that this point should by any means be given up, if it 
 can be maintained, and in all events I do not see that 
 you are at the next meeting bound to proceed, but ad- 
 journ till a further time without insisting upon his being- 
 sworn in, by which means we may have leisure to pro- 
 cure more full information. We have a power, to be 
 sure to discharge, at any time, upon reasonable cause, 
 but reasonable cause will not appear to me to mean an 
 exemption of any class of men not exempted by the 
 express words of the law. 
 
 Having now finished writing grim , believe me 
 
 to be ever, devout Sir ! your faithfully devoted, 
 
 Temple. 
 
 I see the name of Wilkes in the papers, is it any 
 relation of yours ? 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Sunday night (Nov. 4, 1759) 
 
 The sagacious Mr. Nugent informs me that we great 
 Personages of state are to attend His Royal Highness l 
 to the House of Lords the first dav of the sessions. 
 
 You may perhaps be able to inform yourself authen- 
 tically of Lord Bute, how that matter stands, for if my 
 absence should be taken ill, I will certainly put the 
 swift four-footed steeds to my post-chaise on Monday. 
 
 I have at last condescended to send a short card to 
 the Duke of Newcastle, to tell him I cannot wait upon 
 
 1 The Prince of Wales took his seat on the first day of the meeting 
 of Parliament.
 
 330 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 him at dinner on the King's birthday, which, consider- 
 ing all things, is just what he might expect, and feel 
 himself entitled to. 
 
 If you think Mr. T. Grenville 1 is of a proper age for 
 the reversion of a Clerkship in my office, it may be as 
 well for me to dispose of it before the waves run so high 
 as to overwhelm it, in which case I would have you send 
 for my Secretary Wilson, at the Privy Seal Office, to 
 inform you of precedents, which when you let me know, 
 I will act accordingly, only if it be any favour, and not 
 a strict matter of right, I cannot ask it. Adieu, ever 
 most affectionately yours, T. 
 
 MR. PITT 2 TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Tuesday, November 13, 1759. 
 My dear Lord Temple, — Whatever steps my affec- 
 tion for you has prompted me to take, without your 
 leave, relative to a matter where your person is con- 
 cerned, rather wants forgiveness than deserves such 
 kind thanks. 
 
 1 Mr. Grenville's second son. He had not, at this time, quite 
 completed his fourth year! If the reversion of a Clerkship in the 
 Privy Seal Office was conferred upon Mr. Thomas Grenville, it is cer- 
 tain he never performed any of its duties. 
 
 2 In reply to a letter from Lord Temple, in which he thanks Mr. 
 Pitt for having asked the King to confer the honour of the Garter 
 upon him. Lord Temple's letter will be found in the Chatham Corre- 
 spondence, vol. i. p. 438, where it is dated (but, as I think, in error) 
 " October 13th," and " Tuesday Morning." Mr. Pitt's reply is correctly 
 dated, " Tuesday, November 13th," the day on which the Parliament 
 met. On the following day Lord Temple resigned the Privy Seal, but 
 resumed his office on the 16th, at the command of the King, and with 
 a promise of the Garter, conveyed to him through the medium of the 
 Duke of Devonshire.
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 331 
 
 It would be a great presumption to suppose, had my 
 wish succeeded, that my consideration alone had pro- 
 cured that success, but as it has failed, I have a satis- 
 faction which I trust your friendship will indulge to me, 
 that is, that the repulse is mine, and consequently, infi- 
 nitely less sensible to, my dear Lord Temple's ever most 
 affectionate Brother, W. Pitt. 
 
 Can you call this morning ? I am not able to come to 
 you, having a pain in my jaw. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Wednesday (November 14, 1759). 
 
 My dear Lord, — Need I tell you that your Lord- 
 ship's letter surprises me exceedingly : need I assure 
 you that I interest myself too much in what regards 
 you, not to be extremely alarmed at the reasons that 
 could have produced this resolution 1 , and the more so, 
 that from the high opinion I have ever had of you, I 
 am certain they must be of the greatest import : if you 
 will take the trouble of calling this evening at seven, or 
 any other hour if that prove inconvenient, I will be 
 ready to receive your commands. 
 
 I have the honour to be, my dear Lord, your Lord- 
 ship's most obedient humble Servant, Bute. 
 
 {The following Memorandum is in the handwriting of 
 
 Lord Temple.) 
 
 " The Duke of Devonshire commissioned by the King. 
 
 "November 15, 1759. 
 " Lord T. is sensible of the honour the King does him 
 1 Probably the announcement of his resignation of the Privy Seal.
 
 332 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 in restoring him to his good opinion ; that as His Ma- 
 jesty is again pleased to express his desire that he should 
 return into his service, he is ready to obey His Ma- 
 jesty's commands. 
 
 "His Majesty being graciously pleased to destine the 
 Garter for Lord T., he will think himself highly ho- 
 noured with it, as a public and most distinguished mark 
 of His Majesty's favour and protection." 
 
 THE DUKE OP DEVONSHIRE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Devonshire House, November 15, 1759. 
 My Lord, — Your Lordship is very good to me, and 
 does me a great deal Of honour. I shall be extremely 
 glad to see you this evening, either here or at your own 
 house, which we may fix at Court. I hope you are per- 
 suaded that I can have no view in troubling your Lord- 
 ship, but to do whatever I think essentially necessary 
 for the King's service and the public, and to show the 
 regard with which I am, &c, &c. Devonshire. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, December 25, 1759. 
 Dear Sir, — I had the honour of your letter yester- 
 day : I will set about the revisal of what I showed you 
 immediately. I can at any time have it ready at a 
 week's notice for the perusal of any one, whenever you 
 think it proper that it should be produced. I hope to 
 free it from the objections to which you thought it liable, 
 particularly in relation to the head of Jealousy in 
 Neutral Powers, which I shall argue and explain more
 
 1759. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 333 
 
 at large. I shall lower every part of it, where there is 
 the least appearance of presumption, and to take off any 
 objection which may after all appear in that respect. I 
 shall alter its title, and call it no longer a Memorial, 
 which implies its being written for a Minister, but a 
 Discourse, which may be supposed to be written only for 
 the perusal of friends, and this will leave me the liberty 
 of arguing the point with the more freedom, and of 
 dressing my thoughts in the manner that may best re- 
 commend them. I shall continue to collect all the 
 materials I can, that may be of use both for the 
 formal and essential parts of the Treaty. I would, 
 however, just mention, as far as you may think any of 
 these to be of use, whether it might not be proper to 
 suggest (if you have not done it already) that I am 
 possessed of such materials, and have drawn up such a 
 paper ; for as I shall not mention it to any other of the 
 King's Ministers, if my paper or materials can be of 
 any service, is it not proper that one at least should 
 know it? 
 
 I am very much obliged to vou for the kind offer of 
 your service to make this affair turn to my advantage: 
 I shall refer that consideration to yourself and the rest 
 of my friends, and shall wholly confide in their judg- 
 ment and zeal on the occasion : I only hope that they 
 will take in the whole of my pretensions, and consider 
 how many years I have been in the service of the public 
 without the least emolument. I saw the Duke of New- 
 castle on Tuesday as I intended. Lord Portsmouth 
 had a very brisk conversation with him about me, so 
 that I could not put in a word myself. He vowed, how- 
 ever, to both of us, in the most solemn manner, that he 
 would fulfil his promise to me, but when Lord Ports-
 
 334 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1759. 
 
 mouth urged him to fix the day, he burst from him 
 saying, ivhy wonH you let me do it my own way f The 
 resistance of His Grace to the uncommon applications 
 that have been made in my favour, where the object is so 
 small, when all his own people are with me, and he has 
 so often and so solemnly passed his word himself, affords 
 matter of reflection. But, whatever the cause may be, 
 it is rather uncomfortable to depend upon such a man. 
 There is a pamphlet published on the subject of a Peace 1 , 
 which is a good deal talked on : it is imputed to Lords 
 Chesterfield, Bath, and Egmont, but it is surely beneath 
 either of them. I send it to you, however, that you may 
 judge of it; I think that it comes from not a very 
 common hand. 
 
 When you come to town, I wish, if it was agreeable, 
 that you would bring Pere Charlevoix with you : you 
 mentioned, also, that you did not know whether you 
 could not furnish me with a short statement of our 
 rights in relation to Tobago : if you have such a thing 
 in your power, I should be glad if you could let me 
 have that, before you come to town. 
 
 I know of no public news, but what is in the papers. 
 On last Friday night, Lord George Lenox 2 and Lady 
 
 1 It was entitled A Letter to Tivo Great Men (meaning the Duke of 
 Newcastle and Mr. Pitt) on the Prospect of a Peace, and on the neces- 
 sary Terms, 1759. It has been often attributed to Dr. Douglas (after- 
 wards Bishop of Salisbury), Lord Bath's Chaplain. There is a detailed 
 account of this pamphlet in the Gentleman s Magazine for 1759, p. 585; 
 and Walpole speaks of it as " a Plan for the Peace, much adopted by 
 the City, and much admired by all who are too humble to judge for 
 themselves." 
 
 2 Lord George Henry Lenox, eighth son of Charles, second Duke 
 of Piichmond, married Lady Louisa Ker, daughter of William, Earl of 
 Aucram, eldest son of the Marquess of Lothian. Lord George had 
 been Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of Cumberland in 1757, and be also 
 served in the expedition against the coast of France, in 1758.
 
 1759. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 335 
 
 Louisa Ker set out together for Edinburgh to be mar- 
 ried. The Duke and Duchess of Richmond accom- 
 panied them. Lord George had before made his pro- 
 posals to Lord Ancram, who would not consent, and 
 desired his daughter to stay at least 'till she was of age, 
 which is in less than a twelvemonth, but love got the 
 better of duty. I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, December 29, 1759. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I really mistook what you said to me 
 about the paper of Grain. I thought you said it would 
 be time enough about twelfth-day to have it, when Lord 
 Harcourt came to town, which made me not write to 
 him about it. I have written, however, this post. 
 
 I am very much obliged to you for your advice about 
 what I am writing : modesty and firmness are the two 
 points I shall have in view : I shall draw no conclusions 
 myself, but shall do all I can to make others draw them. 
 I will do all I can to make it please my friends : I am 
 very much of your opinion in relation to the only motive 
 that will operate on the vis inertia of the Duke of 
 Newcastle: I have long thought that Force is the 
 only true way of working, and by the alarm I can visibly 
 distinguish that any application on my affair always puts 
 him into, I am convinced that it would succeed. 
 
 I wont repeat to you the news you will see in all the 
 papers. The King of Prussia seems likely at last to 
 recover Saxony. I wish he may begin the next cam- 
 paign well. I am apprehensive he will not be able to 
 recruit the troops he has lately lost.
 
 336 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 Lord Howe was very graciously received at Court. 
 The ships in the River Villaine cannot be destroyed, but 
 it is thought they must suffer by lying there. 
 
 It is said that the Irish riots ' are totally at an end. 
 
 You may depend upon it, that the pamphlet I sent 
 you w r as Lord Bath's. He very near owns it. It is 
 very much cried up. I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, January 8, 1760. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I trouble you with a letter, though I have 
 no news to send you. 
 
 Everything is in the greatest agitation in Saxony, 
 but there is nothing decisive. The King was still at 
 Freiburg 1 when the last messenger came from him. 
 The Hereditary Prince was then so near the King that 
 the whole affair is probably before now determined. 
 
 Our King has expressed great disapprobation at the 
 sending of this detachment from the army of Prince 
 Ferdinand, and it has been feared that he was in dan- 
 ger of being attacked, but from what has passed I think 
 that danger seems to be diminished. All the accounts 
 talk of the cold that has been abroad with horror. 
 
 I go on with my work, but do not overhurry my- 
 self, as I do not see that the appearance of a Peace 
 approaches. I shall hope, however, to have arrived at 
 that part which relates to the neutral islands by the 
 
 1 They were in consequence of an apprehension that an Union with 
 England was in contemplation by the Houses of Parliament. — See 
 Mr. Rigby's letter to Mr. Pitt in Chatham Corresj>ondence, vol. i. 
 p. 468.
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 337 
 
 time vou come to town, when I shall trouble you for 
 the materials we have mentioned. 
 
 I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 January 31, 1760. 
 
 My Lord, — The Duke of Newcastle, your Grace 
 knows, has informed me that he had moved His Majesty 
 to confer upon me the great honour of the Garter, in 
 pursuance of his most gracious destination of it for me, 
 but that the King had refused it at present "as a work 
 of supererogation," adding, that he had promised it only 
 at the end of the sessions, at which time he would do it. 
 Your Grace well knows how T much I declined from the 
 beginning acquiescing under conditions of any sort, and 
 how little I can reconcile my mind even to the appearance 
 of them. 
 
 As your Grace was commissioned by His Majesty to 
 make me the offer, I take the liberty of troubling you to 
 lay me at his feet, and in the most humble manner to 
 inform him that I now find myself under the necessity to 
 decline accepting it, since His Majesty no longer leaves 
 me any room to flatter myself that I am to receive it " as 
 a public and most distinguished mark of His Majesty's 
 favour and protection." 
 
 Happy, however, that I had it in my power to do a 
 pleasure to the King, which he at that time condescended 
 to think essential to his service, it is my duty, and 
 I have no merit in it, to continue to exert my best 
 endeavours to serve His Majesty, and to extricate my 
 country from the perils which still surround it. I may, 
 
 vol. i. z
 
 338 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 however, with great respect, persist in indulging the 
 wish that I had been allowed to give proofs of my zeal 
 for His Majesty's safety and glory out of his service. 
 
 I am, with the most sincere esteem and regard, my 
 Lord, &c. Temple. 
 
 THE DUKE OP DEVONSHIRE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Devonshire House, January 31, 1760. 
 
 My Lord, — I take for granted Mr. Pitt has ac- 
 quainted you with what passed, which I flatter myself 
 will have effectually removed any doubts that might 
 have arisen in your Lordship's breast. I hope to have 
 the honour of seeing you to-morrow morning, any time 
 after ten that is most convenient to your Lordship, when 
 I will faithfully relate to you what has passed. 
 
 I hope you excuse my not waiting on you personally 
 this morning, but being obliged to go to all the courts 
 I reallv had not time, and I had sent to Mr. Pitt 
 before I received your Lordship's letter. 
 
 I saw the Duke of Newcastle at the Treasury, and 
 informed him of His Majesty's intentions, which, to do 
 him justice, seemed to give him great pleasure, and now 
 your Lordship is at full liberty to acquaint your friends 1 . 
 I sincerely congratulate you on this event, and am, my 
 Lord, &c, &c. Devonshire. 
 
 1 The King had at last consented to bestow the Order of the Garter 
 upon Lord Temple. " It is well known that George the Second, who, 
 though he generally yielded to Ministerial violence or importunity, yet 
 manifested often great reluctance, and even ill-humour, in his manner 
 of compliance on these occasions, strongly disliked Lord Temple. 
 Being, however, compelled, in consequence of political arrangements 
 very repugnant to his feelings, to invest that nobleman with the Order 
 of the Gaiter, the King took so little pains to conceal his aversion,
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 339 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Newcastle House, January 31, 1760. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I have too much real pleasure in 
 the justice which His Majesty has this day done to 
 himself and to your Lordship, to delay one moment 
 expressing my sense of it. I have long most ardently 
 wished that His Majesty would do what was so right for 
 his own honour and interest. 
 
 My wishes are now completed, and I am extremely 
 happy. I most sincerely congratulate your Lordship 
 upon it, and am, with the greatest truth and respect, my 
 dear Lord, your most obedient and most affectionate 
 humble Servant, Holles Newcastle. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Tuesday night (February, 1760). 
 
 My dear Lord, — I congratulate your Lordship very 
 sincerely on the mark you have received of His Majesty's 
 favour ; situated as you are, you could, in my opinion, 
 have no competitor. I have given my noble friend so 
 many strong proofs of unlimited friendship on every 
 occasion that appeared to me material for his interest 
 and honour, that I hardly think it necessary to mention 
 the satisfaction I have in this feather. I have the 
 
 both to the individual and to the act, that instead of placing the ribbon 
 decorously over the shoulder of the new Knight, His Majesty, averting 
 his head, and muttering indistinctly some expressions of dissatisfaction, 
 threw it across him, and turned his back at the same instant in the 
 
 rudest manner 
 
 The aversion of George the Second towards Lord Temple, originated 
 partly in personal, but more from political motives, and designs." — 
 WraxalVa Historical Memoirs, ftvo, 1836, vol. i. p. 199. 
 
 z 2
 
 340 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 honour to be, my clear Lord, very sincerely and affec- 
 tionately vours, Bute. 
 
 MR. ELLIOT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Admiralty, Monday evening (March — , 1760). 
 
 My dear Sir, — I came so late this day from Ken- 
 sington that I found everybody had been acquainted 
 with the late action before it came to my knowledge. 
 Nothing can so much increase the satisfaction I feel on 
 this occasion as the very cordial and friendly part you 
 take in what more immediately concerns my brother 1 , 
 and consequently me, on this fortunate event. If it had 
 not been for your friendship, he might not so soon have 
 been in the way of doing so much credit to himself and 
 his friends. Believe me ever yours most affectionately, 
 
 Gilb. Elliot. 
 
 MR, JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, May 17, 1760. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The mail arrived this day has brought 
 no news from the army, and there is no intelligence 
 from any other parts. 
 
 I understand that Mr. Pitt has got a fit of the gout 
 that confines him. 
 
 When you have read the papers you took with you 
 into the country I should be glad (if you could do it 
 with convenience) that you would send them to town. 
 
 1 Captain Elliot, with three frigates under his command, had cap- 
 tured the French squadron under Thurot, after they had sailed from 
 Carrickfergus, where they had made a descent upon Ireland, levying 
 contributions, and carrying off the Mayor and some of the principal in- 
 habitants. Thurot made a gallant defence, and was killed in the action.
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 341 
 
 I will then add to them such other materials as I have 
 since collected, I will mould them into the best form I 
 am able, and I will finish the other parts of the designed 
 plan. You would, however, oblige me very much if you 
 would take the trouble of giving some sketch of your 
 opinion of them, as they appear to you at present. 1 
 am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, May 24, 1760. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I have received the letter with which 
 you have honoured me ; I don't doubt that the parcel is 
 come safe, but when I sent just now to your house your 
 servant was out, so that I have not yet received it. 
 
 As you are so kind as to be solicitous concerning it, I 
 will write to you again on Tuesday. 
 
 The favourable opinion you are so good as to enter- 
 tain of these papers is very flattering to me. I should 
 want judgment very much myself if I did not always 
 rely upon yours, and however it may be biassed in the 
 present case, as it is a proof at least of your friendship, 
 it does not give me less pleasure. 
 
 I am also very much obliged to you for the trouble 
 you have taken in making observations on the several 
 parts of it : these will be of the greatest service in the 
 alterations I propose to make. 
 
 As to the general observation you make in respect to 
 what should be added concerning the opinion of France, 
 this is what I mean to do, as the second part of the 
 question I proposed to discuss : it was the delicacy of 
 this part of the question which has made me so long
 
 342 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 delay the execution of my design. To have said little 
 of it would not have completed properly my design, and, 
 on the other hand, to say too much would be dangerous. 
 
 I hope, however, I have at length hit off a method 
 that will free me from all embarrassment. I shall give 
 a history of the French policy in respect to their Colo- 
 nies on the Continent, from their first establishment to 
 the negotiation of the last Commissaries, from which it 
 will appear that the Fisheries were the principal object 
 which made those colonies valuable ; that if they should 
 lose this, the profit arising from the trade of the Peltry 
 is not equal to the support of the Colony, especially if 
 we should be admitted to any farther share of it ; and 
 that they have not any other staple commodity esta- 
 blished there ; in a word, that Canada, without her 
 Fisheries, is, in their own opinions, hardly worth their 
 acceptance, and if their Fisheries could be otherwise 
 secured to them, they will have little occasion for the 
 former. This will appear to be the opinion of all the 
 great persons who have governed the Colonies. 
 
 I shall show also that the opinion of Mr. Silhouette 1 
 and the French Ministry was, that our disputes should 
 be determined on the very same principle which I have 
 principally endeavoured to establish as the pivot on 
 which the negotiation should turn. This seems to be 
 all the light which can be thrown on this part of the 
 question, and is indeed decisive, unless it can be sup- 
 posed that the French Ministers have very lately changed 
 their opinions, and have discovered that all their pre- 
 decessors were mistaken. 
 
 I shall then, as the third part of the question, treat 
 
 1 The Controller General of the Finances in France.
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 343 
 
 of the opinion of Neutral Nations. My ideas of this I 
 will mention when I see you. 
 
 I shall greatly alter, also, and add to what I have 
 already put on paper, and shall explain with greater 
 precision the great points of national law, and the grand 
 motives which should direct our measures, that it may 
 not be possible to shake this, which is the basis of all 
 our reasoning. 
 
 I ask pardon for troubling you so much on this 
 subject, but I was willing you should turn my ideas in 
 your mind before I have the pleasure of conversing with 
 you in town, and indeed I had nothing else to say. 
 
 The intelligence from North America is that our 
 success in those parts is certain. 
 
 The Spanish Ambassador is not yet come to town. I 
 shall settle with you with pleasure the time I am to 
 wait on you at Wotton. The last bell rings. I am, &c, 
 &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 London, June 19, 1760. 
 Dear Sir, — Though I know little more of the action 
 near Quebec than what is in the papers, I could not 
 deny myself the pleasure of writing to you. We all 
 here blame Mr. Murrav, and are not at all satisfied with 
 the reason he assigns for leaving the town to attack the 
 enemy. He says, as I hear, that if the enemy got pos- 
 session of the Heights of Abraham, the town was not 
 defensible; but we wonder then, why he did not entrench 
 himself there, and defend it by the force of his artillery, 
 with which he was very well supplied, and the French 
 very ill ; so that we cannot conceive, as long as our force
 
 o-A-J- (JRENV1LLE PAPERS. 
 
 1760 
 
 was complete, how they could have any hopes of taking 
 the town. 
 
 As it is, however, I understand that there are#no 
 expectations that it can be saved, and, indeed, I am 
 told that Murray himself gives little reason to hope it. 
 The relief from Amherst is certainly impossible, and I 
 do not think that he has ever shown activitv enough to 
 make one hope that he would make an attempt vigorous 
 enough, even if there was a mere chance of success 1 . 
 
 How unexpected and unfortunate all this is ! and how 
 it has marred all our schemes of peace. 
 
 I propose to myself the pleasure of talking all this 
 over with you, some day in the end of next week, and 
 shall hope to have the pleasure of being of the party 
 with vou and Mrs. Grenville, over to Nuneham, as soon 
 after as shall be agreeable to you. I know it will give 
 great joy to Lord and Lady Harcourt, and the time you 
 mentioned when we talked of it in town, will be very 
 agreeable to them. I am, &c., &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Claremont, July 9, 1760. 
 
 My dear Lord, — Your Lordship will receive from 
 your House, a card, desiring the honour of your com- 
 pany here, on Wednesday next, the 16th instant, with 
 the Spanish Ambassador 2 . 
 
 You have flattered me with the hopes of coming, and 
 I hope it will not be inconvenient to you, though I am 
 
 The French were, however, soon after compelled to raise the siege 
 and make a precipitate retreat, leaving their artillery behind them. 
 The Count de Fuentes, recently arrived.
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 345 
 
 sorry to give you the trouble of coming so far, but the 
 honour and obligation will be the greater. 
 
 I wish I could send to your Lordship any good news; 
 I am persuaded I should have been able to have done 
 it before this time, had not Prince Ferdinand's great 
 plan of possessing himself of the strong post where 
 Marshal Broglio now is, been disappointed ; by what 
 accident we don't yet certainly know, but hitherto it is 
 attributed to some fault or mistake in General Imhoff. 
 
 We have not yet the particulars of the defeat of 
 General Fouquet's corps 1 . I doubt, however, the loss 
 has been very great, and that the distress of the Kinar of 
 Prussia will be so great, that nothing but himself could 
 surmount. I most heartily wish that even His Prussian 
 Majesty may be now able to do it, surrounded as he is 
 with such numerous enemies. 
 
 I must have the pleasure of finishing my letter with 
 congratulating your Lordship upon the great and almost 
 unexpected event of recovering Quebec, and turning the 
 loss entirely upon the French. Everything looks well 
 in that part of the world. 
 
 The Duchess of Newcastle begs her best compliments 
 to your Lordship and my Lady Temple, to whom I beo- 
 the honour of mine. I am, with the greatest truth and 
 respect, my dear Lord, &c, &c. Holles Newcastle. 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Claremont, July 19, 1700. 
 
 My dear Lord, — Allow me to return you my sin- 
 cere thanks for the kindest and most agreeable letter 
 
 1 Near Landschut : a desperate fight, in which six or seven thousand 
 Prussians were killed, and many pieces of artillery fell into the hands 
 of the Austrian*, whose victory cost them 500(1 men.
 
 346 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 which I ever received. I was so proud of it that I 
 could not avoid showing it to our two good friends, my 
 Lord Lincoln and Mr. Pitt, with whom I had the plea- 
 sure to drink your Lordship's health. We were very 
 lucky in the weather, and, without a compliment, wanted 
 nothing but your good company. Mr. Pitt was extremely 
 good and agreeable, and was here by twelve o'clock. 
 Claremont put on its best looks. The Duchess of New- 
 castle, who sends her best compliments both to your 
 Lordship and my Lady Temple, lamented extremely 
 the want of your Lordship's company ; I believe she had 
 some message to send to her friend, my Lady Temple. 
 
 I wish I could yet send your Lordship some news 
 from Germany. 
 
 Everything still remains in our army as it was. I 
 think neither army looks likely to attack the other, in 
 their present situation, though Prince Ferdinand will do 
 his utmost to draw M. Broglio out of his strong post. 
 The late fatal disappointment happened, by all accounts, 
 from a disobedience of orders in General Imhoff, upon 
 which subject a very proper letter has been wrote to 
 Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 I beg my compliments to Lady Temple, and am, with 
 the greatest truth and respect, my dear Lord, &c. 
 
 Holles Newcastle. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Tuesday, July 22, 1760. 
 
 My dear Lord, — As no accounts but that from 
 Monsieur Maubert, of the events of the 10th instant, 
 has appeared in our papers, I cannot leave you under 
 the anxiety which even so unauthorized relations may
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 347 
 
 create. Be assured then, my dear Lord, that the thing 
 is of no material consequence to the sum of things ; our 
 loss not exceeding in killed and wounded and prisoners 
 above 500 men. The English dragoons, a few squadrons, 
 Bland's and Howard's, are covered with glory. Griffin, 
 with two regiments of foot, greatly praised. This pre- 
 lude, however, to the general action, which is supposed 
 over by this time, is not a pleasing one, and we count 
 the minutes with much pain, 'till news arrives of our 
 fate. Three Battalions of Guards embark for Germany, 
 we hope, by Friday or Saturday. 
 
 I trust your Lordship will approve this sudden and 
 perhaps somewhat bold measure. The cloud hung 
 heavy, spirits began to droop ; dignity, energy, and 
 eclat were to be added to our operations : or retro sub- 
 lapsa referri Res Danaum : not a moment was to be lost, 
 and I stand responsible for the event : may Heaven send 
 it prosperous ! If the news be happy, I hope to embrace 
 your Lordship at Stovve about the middle of next week. 
 
 An absolute refusal from Turin. I have just finished 
 another despatch, as a last effort to save our respect- 
 able friend, whose heart is almost broken. 
 
 I am, ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 Lady Hester is at Hayes and very well. My affec- 
 tionate compliments to Lady Temple. 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Claremout, August 2, 1700. 
 
 My dear Lord, — The warm and affectionate con- 
 cern which your Lordship so sincerely shows for the
 
 348 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 great and irreparable loss 1 which I have had, and for 
 the miserable object of it, my dear Lord Lincoln, will 
 ever be remembered by me and mine with the* utmost 
 gratitude and affection. It did not surprise me, though 
 it greatly pleased me and honoured me : I knew what the 
 impulse of your heart would be upon an occasion where 
 so many of your friends were so deeply affected and con- 
 cerned, and particularly the poor dear unhappy man 
 himself. Be assured, my dear Lord, no returns can 
 ever be wanting on our parts. The poor dear Duchess 
 of Newcastle feels every line of your letter, and indeed 
 every one is too expressive, not to make the greatest im- 
 pression. We both join in our sincere compliments and 
 thanks to Lady Temple, Mr. J. Grenville, Mr. Henry, 
 and Mrs. H. Grenville : the Duchess of Newcastle begs 
 also that you would accept hers. 
 
 Poor Mrs. H. Grenville little imagined, when we 
 both had the pleasure to be there last Thursday even- 
 ing, that this fatality would come upon us so soon. I 
 never saw the poor dear creature gayer or more cheer- 
 ful in my life. Your Lordship knew her, by the just 
 character you give of her, and that must be a melan- 
 choly satisfaction to all her friends. Poor dear man ! 
 he is inconsolable, and indeed I can't attempt to say any- 
 thing to alleviate his loss in any degree : I am afraid he 
 will even, if possible, feel it more when his passion 
 shall be abated. 
 
 I thank God he is tolerably well in his health, though 
 much heated and agitated. He was blooded plentifully, 
 and that step will secure him from any fever, from his 
 anxiety and distress. The children, I thank God, are 
 
 1 The death of Lady Lincoln. She was near her confinement, and 
 died in convulsions after three hours' illness.
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 349 
 
 extremely well. Whenever dear Lord Lincoln can 
 admit of any comfort, or indeed of hearing anything 
 with that view, I am sure the very tender love and con- 
 cern showed bv your Lordship, and a very kind letter 
 which I immediately received from Mr. Pitt upon this 
 occasion, will give him the greatest comfort, and, if any- 
 thing can, some relief. I shall watch the first oppor- 
 tunity of acquainting him with it. Give me leave to 
 add a circumstance which, I flatter myself, will give 
 your Lordship some pleasure, as well from the thing 
 itself as from the person who conveyed it to me. 
 
 When 1 waited upon the King, he was most extremely 
 compassionate and gracious upon what he knew I 
 suffered : and then told me, I know Mr. Pitt has talked 
 in the properest manner to Lady Yarmouth upon your 
 subject. He hopes you will not suffer it to prejudice 
 your health. I see everything in this that is pleasing 
 and flattering to me. 
 
 I am, my dearest Lord, &c, &c. 
 
 Holles Newcastle. 
 
 THE REV. MR. COTTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Princess Amelia, Plymouth Sound, August 5, 1760. 
 Sir, — I have once more the happiness to arrive safe 
 at this place, and beg leave to assure you that it affords 
 me no small satisfaction to know, that our cruizing on 
 the French coast for the last four months has had the 
 desired effect, in effectually preventing the enemy from 
 sending any ships or succours to their East or West 
 Indies from the ports of llochclle and Rochfort, for 
 there still remain the same ships in those ports when
 
 350 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 we left the station, as upon our going there in the 
 Spring, and even one of the Enemy's frigates, which has 
 long waited an opportunity to go for their Wes* Indies, 
 now lays above the Isle of Aix. 
 
 During our cruize we have anchored several times in 
 Basque road, and sent a flag of truce to the Isle of Aix ; 
 and on its return was informed, that the few inhabitants 
 received them very courteously, and there was not a 
 soldier on the Island, nor any works of defence executed 
 or carrying on ; and upon the genteel supply of vege- 
 tables which they sent us, the truce left them in quiet 
 possession. 
 
 We left Quiberon 31st ultimo, at which time Mr. 
 Boscawen remained in much the same position he has 
 done the whole season, with a few ships to guard the 
 Bay. Admiral Geary was to sail soon after us, for his 
 old station off Basque, where we left the following 
 ships, viz., Duke, Prince, Newark, and Adventure. 
 
 Before we left the Bay, Captain Hervey 1 in the 
 Dragon, with the Conqueror, Brilliant, Venus, and a 
 Cutter or two, had been sent to attempt the conquest of 
 the Isle of Groa, a small fortified island that commands 
 the entrance into Ports Louis and L'Orient, but it 
 proved unsuccessful ; why and wherefore pertains to the 
 assailants to make known to the world, though it is 
 whispered that neither His Majesty's ships or men were 
 to be risked in executing the plan, which is a new 
 method of attempting conquests, and may be attended 
 with beneficial consequences to the British interests 
 when it is more fully known : but the reason I assign 
 for its failure may be this : Mr. Hervey having cruized 
 
 1 Augustus Hervey, a younger son of John, Lord Hervey. His 
 name will frequently occur hereafter in these volumes.
 
 1760. G RENVILLE PAPERS. 351 
 
 off that port, has once and again been insulted from the 
 coast, on which he has stood nigh in shore, silenced the 
 enemy's fire, landed, and thrown their cannon into the 
 sea : this success might give him hopes of becoming 
 masters of the Isle of Groa at the same easv rate, and 
 having communicated his design to Mr. Boscawen for 
 his approbation, obtained leave to make an attempt in 
 case he could do it without risk to men or ships ; and 
 the result has shewn it impracticable, unless he brought 
 a ship or two to cannonade the batteries more effec- 
 tuallv than one of the frigates did, otherwise he must 
 lay the design aside, which I believe is the case, and 
 thus Sir, ends this little, grand, feasible scheme. 
 
 This is the sum and substance of what I can at this 
 time transmit ; there are too many obvious remarks to 
 be made, upon what is too visible in Quiberon Bay, and 
 I shall never more be surprised at the immoderate in- 
 crease of the National Debt, when there is seemingly 
 so great a want of economy. 
 
 In my letter of the 10th of May last, I intimated 
 how easy and practicable it was to become masters of 
 any of the Islands in Quiberon, which may be as easily 
 accomplished now as then ; and if there was no other 
 advantage than that of the supply of water, would be 
 more than a balance for the small degree of risk our 
 men or ships could run ; for the number of transports 
 now employed as victuallers, exceeds by one half what 
 the service demands or requires, and I am sure the 
 numbers would be much diminished by having a supply 
 of water from an island, which is now brought to the 
 fleet from Plymouth. 
 
 As, for instance, there is one transport ship laden 
 with water (from which we had a supply), that came to
 
 352 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 an anchor about the middle of March last, and at the 
 time we took our water from her, the Master declared 
 the amount of his pay and ships was but very»little less 
 than 2000/., which I think too much evidences the want 
 of that economy which will tend much to establish the 
 national interest, and prevent the too just clamours of 
 an injured people. 
 
 My thoughts and reflections sue your well known 
 candour, if judged premature. I have the honour to 
 be, &c. Nathaniel Cotton. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 October 4, 1760. 
 
 Mr. Pitt has desired me, my dear Brother, to send 
 to you for your perusal these very important papers : 
 what the decision at the Court of Spain will be I know 
 not, but Jemmy tells me, who came here yesterday, that 
 the Duke of N. and Lord H. admire to the highest 
 degree the very manly, temperate, and able answer 
 which has been given to the matter of the two very 
 extraordinary memorials l . You will be so good as to 
 send them back by the bearer. 
 
 The very wet weather has hitherto interposed such a 
 gulph betwixt the Cormorant and us, that we must 
 wait 'till the crows have picked up the dirt, and till 
 your gravel is dry. 
 
 Many kind compliments to all Wotton from all 
 Stowe. Your most affectionate. Temple. 
 
 1 See Parliamentary History, vol. xv. p. 1018, &c.
 
 176D. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 353 
 
 MR, JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, October 11, 1760. 
 
 Dear Sir. — I arrived in town on Wednesday last, 
 and found it full of nothing but good news. I passed 
 my time after I left you, some part at Sir John Cope's, 
 but much the greater part at Nuneham. My Lord 
 Harcourt obliged me to employ my leisure hours in per- 
 fecting those purposes which you know I had in hand. 
 I have totallv new modelled the work, have added to it 
 new thoughts and new materials, and, as far as I have 
 gone, have made it as perfect as I am able. I have 
 finished the two parts that relate to ourselves and to the 
 enemy : what relates to the neutral powers I have not 
 yet finished. But, after all, I am very unwilling to pro- 
 duce it, and had rather that it should rest in my own 
 bureau. 
 
 The last fault I would willingly be thought guilty of 
 is presumption, and I am apprehensive that my very 
 attempt shall be thought presumptuous, though the exe- 
 cution is (as it ought to be, and as I hope mine is) 
 modest. When you, however, come to town you shall 
 see it, if you will do me that honour, and judge of it. 
 
 There are as yet, I believe, no steps taken towards 
 a Peace : I suspect, however, that there will be soon, 
 for reasons that I cannot explain by letter, and I fancy 
 that an opportunity may before then be given me, of 
 producing my papers in a manner that may make the 
 production of them less improper than it would be 
 otherwise. I am forced to speak mysteriously. What- 
 ever may he the issue of this affair, which is very im- 
 portant to my own interests, I can only say that I mean 
 well. 
 
 VOL. I. A A
 
 354 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 We have nothing new to-day from Germany ; yester- 
 day brought us an account that the Castle of Cleves 
 had surrendered, and that the Hereditary Prince had 
 got his heavy cannon up to Wesel ; but there was no 
 account then of any motion in Broglio's army. It is 
 what Broglio will now do that every one here is very 
 anxious to know. 
 
 1 hope that Mrs. Grenville continues to enjoy perfect 
 health. I was glad to hear from Mr. Lloyd 1 that she 
 was so at the time he left Wotton. I should have been 
 over there again myself, before I came to town, if Lord 
 Harcourt had not kept me prisoner, as some booksellers 
 do their poor authors when they want them to finish 
 copy already paid for. But I have lately had an oppor- 
 tunity of knowing of your healths, which I believe you 
 don't suspect. I had not been long gone from Wotton, 
 before Mr. Deska admitted me into the number of 
 those he favours with his correspondence, and I have 
 had from him variety of politically poetic letters. He 
 has drawn from me one in answer, and I believe I must 
 send him another soon ; pray don't betray me to my 
 correspondent. 
 
 There is added a Battalion of Guards to the troops 
 that were ordered before on the Expedition 2 . It is said 
 that Kingsley is to command them. Keppel leads the 
 squadron out, and when it comes to the Bay, it is to 
 be under the command of Sir Edward Hawke. 
 
 I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 ' Probably Pliilip Lloyd, afterwards Dean of Norwich. He was at 
 this time tutor to Mr. Grenville's children. He died in 1790. 
 
 2 Extraordinary preparations were made for this Expedition, which 
 was, however, countermanded in December following, and the troops 
 disembarked.
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 355 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's Square, October 18, 1760. 
 
 Dear Grenville, — I have waited many a tedious day 
 for the arrival of news from the armies, in hopes to 
 have sent you something better than my best thanks for 
 the favour of your obliging letter, but no public news 
 arriving, I have still some of a private nature to impart 
 which will give you pleasure, which is, that our two girls 
 may now be considered as convalescent. 
 
 The Address of the City of London ' will speak for 
 itself, and I believe you will think that it speaks loud 
 enough to be heard at Paris, to the no great satisfaction 
 of the Controller-General, and the whole tribe of Finan- 
 ciers. How it was heard at Kensington you need not be 
 told, as the Address is big with a million in every line. 
 Were it able to produce an advantageous peace it would 
 be most happy : next to that, such generous and warm 
 assurances of supporting the war, cannot but give the 
 highest satisfaction to Government. 
 
 I don't know your resolution about coming to town, 
 but if you shall be, at the Birth-day 2 , and the Duke of 
 Newcastle has not secured you, you will do me great 
 pleasure if you will dine with me that day. 
 
 I am ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 Thursday, past Four o'clock (November 13, 1760). 
 Dear Grenville, — I send you with this the King's 
 sneech, as it will be submitted to His Majesty; perhaps 
 
 1 Upon the taking of Montreal. 
 
 a The King did not live for another birth-day. He died suddenly, 
 on the 25th instant. 
 
 A A c >
 
 356 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1760. 
 
 some mention will be thrown in of the late glorious 
 event of the King of Prussia's victory 1 . 
 
 I should have desired of you the favour *to call this 
 evening, if an early meeting of the Cabinet at St. 
 James's to-night had not rendered it impossible. 
 
 You will already guess the request I have to make to 
 you ; it is, that you will be so good to draw the Address : 
 my moments are literally so filled that I am unable to do 
 it myself, nor would the thing be so well done, if I was 
 able, in point of time, to set about it. I trust your 
 answer will be favourable, and that the work will not be 
 of a disagreeable nature to you. I will only add that 
 you cannot oblige me more. 
 
 I am ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (November, 1760.) 
 Since I left you I have seen Lord Bute. Granby 
 continues indisposed, so that he has not been with 
 Lord B. Shelburne 2 has given hopes that by means 
 of some of the little agents he can employ he shall be 
 able to make the Rutland family 3 acquiesce in some 
 expedient between what he desires and what is offered. 
 I have in general but little opinion of these operations j 
 
 1 The battle of Torgau, where the Austrians, under Marshal Daun, 
 were defeated by the King of Prussia. 
 
 2 John, Viscount FitzMaurice, made Earl of Shelburne in 1753, 
 and in May, 1760, he was advanced to the Peerage of Great Britain, 
 by the title of Baron Wycombe. He died in May, 1761. 
 
 3 The Duke of Rutland was Lord Steward at the accession of 
 George the Third. He was, soon after this time, made Master of the 
 Horse.
 
 1760. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 357 
 
 though they have often more success upon a necessitous 
 man, as Granby is, than others. I am convinced, how- 
 ever, that neither party will push affairs to extremities, 
 so that it will end well at last, though the manner how 
 cannot yet be determined. 
 
 Since Bamber Gascoyne was with you he has been 
 with Lord Bute, calling upon him to give him all his 
 support \ He has desired him to write a letter to Lord 
 Rochford. Lord Bute does not think it proper for him 
 in his present situation to do it, but desired me to sug- 
 gest it to you. Observe, that Lord Rochford is one of 
 the Kmg's pensioners. 
 
 I hear that Lord George Sackville has been at court 2 , 
 and that the King was civil to him. I have much 
 to say to you on this head, which has, I find, already 
 created a clamour, and may possibly create still more, 
 which makes me extremely sorry for it. 
 
 1 He was probably making interest to represent the borough of 
 Maiden, for -which he was elected in the new Parliament. Lord Bute 
 had succeeded Lord Rochford as Groom of the Stole. 
 
 2 This circumstance marks the probable date of this letter. The 
 King held a Levee early in November. Horace Walpolc, writing on 
 the 13th of that month, says : " For the King himself, he seems all 
 good-nature, and, wishing to satisfy everybody, all his speeches are 
 obliging. I saw him again yesterday, and was surprised to find the 
 Levee-room had lost so entirely the air of the lion's den. The Sove- 
 reign don't stand in one spot, with his eyes fixed royally on the ground, 
 and dropping bits of German news ; he walks about and speaks to 
 everybody." Lord George's appearance at Court, at the invitation, as 
 was supposed, of Lord Bute, gave great offence to the Ministers of the 
 late King, and those who had the conduct of the war, and the clamour 
 it created was probably the cause that Lord George subsequently spent 
 several years in retirement.
 
 358 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 COUNTESS TEMPLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 m 
 
 Tuesday, January 6 (1761). 
 
 An express arrived yesterday morning from the Bath 
 to notify the death of poor Lady Jane 1 j hut what is still 
 more shocking, poor Lord Harry Beauclerc 2 died last 
 night in a fit at 1 1 o'clock : he had heen ill some time 
 of a violent pain in his breast and stomach by intervals. 
 
 You have heard a story of a cook who is become 
 Lord Aston 3 , and the Roman Catholics allow him a 
 hundred a year. My Lord Bute went from the King to 
 the Duchess of Norfolk, to say that His Majesty could 
 not hear of a peer in that distress, though of a different 
 religion, without contributing to his maintenance ; there- 
 fore had sent by Lord Bute two hundred pounds, to be 
 disposed of to Lord Aston in the manner she thought 
 proper. The Duchess sent to the man ; was afraid to 
 tell him the whole at once for fear of turning his head, 
 but mentioned only one hundred. Is this true? says the 
 man ; then I beg you will give me leave to run directly 
 to my mother and my master to tell them the news. 
 I should add, that Lord Bute told her Grace this was to 
 be continued every year out of his Privy Purse, which 
 she told the cook Lord. God bless you, this is all I can 
 pick up to divert you. A. T. 
 
 1 Lady Jaue Coke, sister to the first Duke of Wharton. 
 
 2 Fourth son of the first Duke of St. Albans. He was a Colonel in 
 the Army, and, at the time of his death, M.P. for Thetford. 
 
 3 Probably Philip, the sixth Baron, who is described in the Peerages 
 as the " great-great-grandson of the late Lord's great-great-great-grand 
 uncle.''
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 359 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR, GRENVILLE. 
 
 Wednesday (February 11, 1761). 
 
 Dear Sir, — You will receive a letter from Lord 
 Holdernesse, notifying the King's pleasure with regard 
 to the Cabinet 1 , which is all the form used, and it will 
 be proper for you to acknowledge the receipt of it, and 
 to desire Lord Holdernesse to lay you at the King's feet, 
 and return your thanks, &c. Let me congratulate you, 
 my worthy friend, on this additional honour ; may I see 
 many added to it. 
 
 I am, with the utmost regard, &c, &c. Bute. 
 
 MR. JENKLNSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Bury Street, March 24, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I hope that by the time this letter will 
 get to you all your trouble and fatigue at Buckingham 2 
 will be at an end. 
 
 I have ten thousand thanks to return you for my 
 present situation 3 ; I am absolutely in love with Lord 
 Bute ; his goodness shows itself to me more and more 
 every day. I have mentioned to him all you ordered 
 me ; he daily laments that you are going to take your- 
 self out of active business in the House of Commons, 
 where your abilities and influence might be so service- 
 able to the King and the Public 4 . If there should be 
 
 1 Mr. Grenville was now a Cabinet Minister, and he still retained 
 bis office of Treasurer of the Navy. 
 
 2 His re-election for the borough. 
 
 3 Under Secretary to Lord Bute as Principal Secretary of State, in 
 which office Lord Bute bad just succeeded Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 4 At this time Mr. Grenville was desirous of becoming Speaker of 
 the House of Commons, on the retirement of Mr. Onslow.
 
 ob'O GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 any important news, he has ordered me to send a mes- 
 senger down to you. He does not take the seals till 
 to-morrow. There is a messenger arrived from Prince 
 Ferdinand this morning. Cassel still holds out. The 
 enemy in it is much stronger than was expected. 
 Broglio is at present advancing, and will, I think, 
 attack Prince Ferdinand, and I know that the other 
 will not decline it, so that an action will probably 
 determine the issue of this whole affair. 
 
 I have had a most afflicting piece of news since I saw 
 you. My poor brother is dead in Hesse ; fatigue has 
 killed him. What adds to my concern is, that I cannot 
 hear any particulars of his death. The account of it is 
 come in a letter of Prince Ferdinand to Lord Ligonier, 
 an honour which makes the loss the more affecting. 
 
 But not to dwell on this melancholy subject, Lord B., 
 partly at my earnest request, has declined to take Mr. 
 AVallace as my colleague, but he is so good as to mean 
 to do something for him. He has taken in his stead a 
 very able, worthy, good man 1 , who before served in the 
 same capacity Lord Townshend and Lord Harrington. 
 You may imagine that his choice must be very agree- 
 able to me. I shall hope to hear from you and to 
 receive your commands. I am, &c, &c. 
 
 C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Whitehall, March 26, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — The Earl of Bute took the seals yester- 
 day, and all the other changes took place of course. 
 
 1 Mr. Edward Weston, the " temeraire vieillard" who was after- 
 war Is so ferociously attacked by Junius for his supposed Vindication 
 of thr Duke of Grafton.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 361 
 
 His Lordship intends to remove his office. I have 
 this day taken for that purpose a great house in Cleve- 
 land Row, just opposite to what were the Duke's apart- 
 ments 1 . His Lordship intends to do there all his busi- 
 ness, and to see all his company ; and his Lordship, among 
 his other acts of goodness, has been so good as to assign me 
 a particular apartment in it where I shall live, and be 
 always at hand. I will trouble you to tell my friend 
 Lloyd that I will get him, when he goes to Oxford, to 
 send my books up to town, as I am now likely to be 
 settled, and to have a proper place to receive them. His 
 Lordship has also ordered me to communicate all things 
 of importance to you, as between you and myself, though 
 the circulation does not extend to you. When you come 
 to town we will settle the nature of the correspondence. 
 
 We have at present no news, but there is great pro- 
 bability that there will be a battle in Hesse for the 
 decision of the great affair. The public symptoms of 
 peace are not so strong as when you left town, but yet 
 I do not think it far off. I have, &c, &c. 
 
 C. Jenkinson. 
 
 Though I suppose that your election is over, yet as it 
 may not be known at the Post Office, I shall put my 
 name at the back of this. Don't think that I am 
 playing the Secretary of State. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, May 21, 1701. 
 
 Dear Sir, — All that has happened since I wrote 
 
 you last is that a Courier has arrived from France, 
 
 1 Dul<e of Cumberland's, and still in the occupation of the Fving of 
 Hanover, as the present Duke of Cumberland.
 
 362 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 saying that M. Bussy 1 cannot be at Calais till the 25th, 
 but at the same time giving the strongest assurances 
 that no political reasons, but such only as are of a 
 private nature, are the cause of this delay. It is deter- 
 mined therefore that Mr. Stanley 2 shall not go from 
 hence till the 25th, and a letter with this answer is sent 
 to the Court of France. 
 
 There is also this day arrived advice from Belleisle. 
 Everything goes on there very well, though not very expe- 
 ditiously. Their heavy cannon is landed, and they have 
 erected one battery. The enemy had been able to throw 
 no succours into the place, and they had contrived to 
 send but one small boat with intelligence to the Conti- 
 nent. None of our reinforcements are as yet arrived. 
 I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, May 28, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I send you all the news we have from 
 the Continent by the last mail in the enclosed bulletin. 
 
 We have this morning- had letters from Belleisle. 
 They inform us that the reinforcements were not yet 
 arrived, but notwithstanding the siege went on very well. 
 The enemy had fired a great deal of late, but it was not 
 doubted but in a few days our fire would become supe- 
 rior to theirs ; and I have heard from a private hand, 
 but from good authority, that our batteries would be 
 higher than their parapets, and would of course com- 
 
 The French Minister appointed to negotiate the Preliminaries of 
 Peace. 
 
 Sen1 to Paris for the same purpose on the part of England.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 363 
 
 mand all their works ; and if so, the place must very 
 soon surrender. 
 
 M. Bussy is not yet come, but is hourly expected. 
 I am engaged by Lord Egremont to meet you at dinner 
 on Sunday. I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 9, 176J. 
 
 Dear Sir, — You will receive by this post a precis 
 of what arrived by the Dutch mail yesterday, which 
 amounts in fact to nothing. 
 
 Since you left town we have no intelligence from 
 Belleisle. 
 
 Bussy saw Mr. Pitt this morning. He held to him a 
 language very different from what he had held to Lord 
 Granville. He said that we by our answer had broken 
 the conditions of peace, which the Duke of Choiseul 
 had proposed, and that he was not therefore bound by it. 
 He talked to Mr. Pitt in all other respects in the same 
 manner he had talked in his two first conferences with 
 him, and he has in fact at last dispatched his courier; 
 so that we shall wait now till his return, before we hear 
 anything more. I suspect that he is at some work or 
 other. I know he has been with ordinary people that 
 write for newspapers. As soon as anything occurs you 
 shall certainly hear from me. 
 
 I am, &c. C. Jenkinson.
 
 364 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 11, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — We received yesterday morning further 
 accounts from Belleisle. They say that everything was 
 prepared to batter in breach, and that it was not ex- 
 pected, when the breach was once made, that the enemy 
 would stand an assault ; so that we shall soon probably 
 hear of the place having surrendered. 
 
 Great complaints are, however, made here at present 
 of the want of skill in our general and his engineers, 
 as it is certain the place with proper management might 
 have been taken much sooner. 
 
 I am afraid that Bussy is at some trifling work. 
 I have reason to think that he did not dispatch his 
 courier 'till to-day at noon, though he said he should 
 send him the night before last. He has not seen any of 
 our ministers since Tuesday. 
 
 I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, Saturday, 12 at night, June 13, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — I send you enclosed an account of the 
 good news we have just received of the surrender of the 
 Citadel of Belleisle, and beg leave to offer you my con- 
 gratulations upon it. 
 
 Yesterday a messenger arrived from Stanley. The 
 conversation of the Duke de Choiseul appears by that 
 to differ verv much from that of Bussv. 
 
 v ml 
 
 The Duke de Choiseul disavows Bussy's delay in the 
 strongest manner. He is transported with the idea of a
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 365 
 
 separate Peace. He agrees to the terms of the uti pos- 
 sidetis, but seems to wish for the proposed epochs, or to 
 have the others proposed by us. 
 
 As to compensations, he expressed a desire that we 
 should make the first offer, but did not insist. He dis- 
 approves of the Austrian alliance, and said, that was 
 owing to Bernis. He said he believed that Belleisle 
 w T as taken, but made slight of it, and added that he had 
 ordered Bussy to illuminate his house upon it. Stanley 
 is to be introduced to the King of France. 
 
 This is the chief of what had passed last Wednesday 
 when the despatches are dated. I could say much on 
 this if I had time for reflections. 
 
 I received to-day your letter. I rejoice at the good 
 news you send me of the improvement of Master Gren- 
 ville's health. I beg you will believe that I am highly 
 sensible where you are so nearly concerned. 
 
 I showed your letter to Lord Bute, who directed me to 
 say many kind things to you. He said he had some en- 
 gagements for Crown livings, but bid me put him in 
 mind of Mr. Butler. 
 
 I shall talk to him more on it in a dav or two. I send 
 you enclosed a Parliamentary Case. I have no doubt of 
 the point, and yet should be obliged to you for an answer 
 to it, that I may be sure in the advice I give Sir James 
 Lowther, who seems to rely very much on me in all his 
 public concerns. I am, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 16, 1701. 
 Dear Sir, — I received yesterday the favour of your 
 letter acknowledging the receipt of mine by express, and
 
 3G6 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 I did not fail to acquaint Lord Bute with your con- 
 gratulations on the occasion, who expressed himself ex- 
 tremely obliged to you on that account. 
 
 I remember very well that you foresaw what appears 
 by the dispatch of Mr. Stanley : I wish I could give you 
 a more particular account of that dispatch, but, I know 
 not for what reason, Mr. Pitt endeavours to keep from us 
 here everything that he can, so that I have not read this 
 dispatch, but only know the contents of it, from what I 
 have been told. There is, however, besides the letter on 
 business, another giving an account of the state of the 
 Court, which describes the King of France as melan- 
 choly and dejected ; the Dauphin as hated on account of 
 his attachment to the Jesuits ; and the young Pretender 
 (who appears, it seems, at length to be at Paris) to be 
 always drunk 1 . It mentions also that the Duke de 
 Choiseul has obtained a degree of favour superior to 
 Madame Pompadour, so as in fact to use her ill. 
 
 The same messenger who brought these dispatches 
 from Mr. Stanley, brought others also from the Duke de 
 Choiseul to Bussy, and yet, notwithstanding this, and 
 what Stanley has related, Bussy waited on Mr. Pitt on 
 Sunday morning, and held the same language as before, 
 and even added, that as Belleisle was now taken, he was 
 to demand as a preliminary article, before they pro- 
 ceeded to treat on anything else, that that Island should 
 be surrendered. He would not illuminate, as Choiseul 
 says he had ordered him, and held a language very un- 
 
 1 " The Pretender continues to be perpetually drunk : the other 
 day he forced a Cordelier to drink with him as long as he possibly 
 could : at last the Friar made his escape, which the other resented so 
 much that he fired with ball from the window at him : he missed him, 
 but killed a cow that was passing by." — Private Letter from Mr. Stanley 
 to Mr. Pitt, July 12, 1761.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 367 
 
 friendly and sour. This has surprised very much, as 
 being diametrically opposite to all that Choiseul had 
 said, but it seems to me to imply two things : the first is, 
 that M. de Choiseul has a mind to draw the negocia- 
 tion to himself: the second is, that Bussy is personally 
 indisposed to this country. This I have long thought, 
 and I am now convinced of it. The Council sat to-day 
 on the affairs of peace, &c. The next post I will let you 
 know what they have determined. 
 
 You will receive at the same time with this the precis 
 of the Dutch mail arrived to-day, but, as you will see, it 
 contains nothing. 
 
 I am obliged to you for the opinion you have sent me. 
 I am, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 18, 1701. 
 Dear Sir, — Since I saw you I have perused Stanley's 
 dispatch, and shall be able to show you a copy of it 
 when you come to town. It contains, however, nothing 
 more than what I have already sent you. I think, 
 indeed, that the abstract Lord Bute made of it was to 
 Stanley's advantage ; for in general the dispatch is 
 very ill drawn, and though he has upon the whole acted 
 properly, yet it is in a very odd manner. It is the first 
 dispatch in which I ever saw metaphysical reasoning. 
 I cannot help, however, observing one thing, which is 
 that the Duke do Choiseul 1 is a more sensible and able 
 
 1 " The Due de Choiseul, though he may have his superiors not only 
 in experience of business, but in depth and refinement as a statesman, 
 is a person of as bold and daring a spirit, as any man whatever in our
 
 308 URENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 1761. 
 
 man than the world has generally represented him to 
 be. He treats with a great degree of gaiety and 
 laughter what is trifling in business, but whatever is of 
 importance strikes him very strongly, and he imme- 
 diately lays hold of it. 
 
 This appears very evidently upon the present occa- 
 sion. He has a good deal of pride, and it is evident 
 Mr. Pitt has not known how to treat that, but other- 
 wise it is evident that he is agreeable and explicit in 
 the manner of doing business. 
 
 Bussy holds still the same conduct as before : either 
 he must be a very bad man and an enemy to this 
 country, or the French Ministry use him very ill ; both 
 which are perhaps true in part. 
 
 After having given to you this preface of the general 
 state of affairs, I will now acquaint you with what has 
 been determined by the Council upon them. They 
 were very fortunately unanimous and full of good 
 
 country or in his own. In his military professions, though bravery is 
 far from uncommon among the French gentry, he was always distin- 
 guished. * It has been his constant maxim to play the whole for the 
 whole in the Cabinet. As soon as the Cardinal de Bemis admitted 
 him into a share of administration, he took a very decided resolution 
 to have all or nothing. Madame Pompadour has ever been looked 
 upon by all preceding Courtiers and Ministers as their tutelary deity, 
 under whose auspices only they could exist, and who was as much out 
 of their reach as if she were of a superior class of beings ; but this 
 Minister is so far from being in subordination to her influence, that 
 he seized the first occasion to deprive her, not of an equality, but of 
 any share of power, reducing her to the necessity of applying to him, 
 even for those favours that she wants for herself and her dependants. 
 He has effected this great change, which every other man would have 
 thought impossible, in the interior of the Court, not by plausibility, 
 flattery, and address, but with a high hand, with frequent railleries 
 and sarcasms, which would have ruined any other, and, in short, by a 
 clear superiority of spirit and resolution."— Mr. Stanleys Private Letter 
 to Mr. Pitt, Aug. G, 170].
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 369 
 
 humour, and the resolution they have taken has been a 
 wise one. As the Duke de Choiseul has called upon 
 us to propose new epochs, we have proposed them : for 
 Europe, the 1st of July; for the West Indies and 
 America, the 1st of September; for the East Indies, 
 the 1st of November. You should observe that this is 
 the same gradation which they observed in their epochs, 
 so that the only difference is in the commencement be- 
 tween the 1st of May and the 1st of Julv. But we 
 have added to this proposition these conditions, first, 
 that the Peace, as it regards ourselves, shall be separate 
 and distinct from whatever is concluded at Augsburgh ; 
 secondly, that there shall be something signed and 
 agreed to before the 1st of August, otherwise we are 
 to be no longer bound by these propositions ; thirdly, 
 whatever captures are to be taken, are not to be com- 
 prehended in the general terms of the uti possidetis ; 
 fourthly, to promote the work of peace, we propose at 
 once to enter into compensation for the island of Belle- 
 isle ; and lastly to call upon them to propose whatever 
 compensation, exclusive of all this, they may think 
 necessary. This is the abstract of what will be sent to- 
 morrow to Stanley, to propose to the Duke de Choiseul. 
 I will reserve what I have to say on these proposi- 
 tions, and on some private affairs, 'till the next post. I 
 am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 20, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I have nothing new to acquaint you with 
 by this post, than that a messenger is despatched to 
 
 VOL. I. li u
 
 370 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 Paris with instructions to Mr. Stanley 'conformable to 
 what I mentioned to you in my last, as having been 
 agreed on by the Cabinet Council. This resolution of 
 the Cabinet seems indeed to me to be the wisest that 
 has hitherto been taken : it has put the negotiation 
 once more on its right basis, from which I wish, for the 
 good of this country, it had never been removed ; and 
 the paper in which Mr. Pitt has explained the King's 
 ideas on this occasion is very well drawn. This paper 
 has also been translated and read to Bussy, who con- 
 tinues still to hold the same contradictory language as 
 before. 
 
 I have the pleasure to acquaint you, that from an 
 exact return taken of our army in Germany on the 1st 
 of this month, it amounted to 91,000 men, of which 
 12,000 were sick ; but this last number included those 
 who by sickness were likely to be confined only for a 
 few days, those whose sickness was likely to be of any 
 continuance not amounting to above 4000 men. I am, 
 &c, &c, Chas. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 23, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — I write principally to-night to acknow- 
 ledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st instant, and 
 to declare my entire agreement with you in what you 
 say therein. Several of the points on which you require 
 an answer were answered in my letter of Saturday. 
 Choiseul says that Bussy's instructions are conformable 
 to what he says himself to Stanley, and that Bussy is
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 371 
 
 horrified with Mr. Pitt's presence 1 , which makes him 
 act in the manner he does. This is ridiculous. I have 
 not time to write at length to you to-night, but if any- 
 thing material occurs you shall have a long letter from 
 me on Thursday. 
 
 I am happy to hear that you are coming to town. If 
 you see anything inconsistent in my letters you will 
 have the goodness to impute it to hurry of business. I 
 cannot trust any one to take a copy of what I write to 
 you, and really my memory is not sufficient, among a 
 multiplicity of affairs, to recollect what I wrote the post 
 before. I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 25, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — The negotiation between us and France 
 grows so full of events and so embroiled, that it is diffi- 
 
 1 In one of Stanley's " most secret " letters to Mr. Pitt, he says, 
 ' M. de Bussi was originally Private Secretary to the Due de Riche- 
 lieu, who is the nearest relation and dearest friend of the D'Aiguillon 
 family. His son, the Due de Fronsac, is contracted to their heiress. 
 I have observed that both the young Duchess and the Dowager speak 
 of him with uncommon regard, and even affection. The Due de 
 Choiseul found him an old experienced Commis, established in his 
 office, and barely kept him there ; he was nominated Minister at our 
 Court, before the expedition against Belleisle was even thought of 
 
 here When the Due de Choiseul informed me of the 
 
 awe with which he was struck by you, he said he was not surprised at 
 it, ' car le pauvre diable tfembloit de penr en partant ;' he was so much 
 frightened that he wrote for a passport to return ; the Due showed me 
 this recpiest in his own hand. The Due was with the King at Marli 
 when he received it. His reflection upon it was, ' Apparemment, Sire, 
 qiiil a deplu a M. Pitt, qui V aura fail sauter par les fenitres:' I 
 replied, ' Je n aurois pas trouvS boa dans ce cas de /aire la mime gam 
 badt par maniere de y/irfwil/cs.' He appeared to me to talk of this 
 imaginary leap with great coolness." 
 
 B B 2
 
 372 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 cult and even dangerous by letter to giv8 any account of 
 it. This makes me the more desirous that the time 
 was come when we might converse together in town. It 
 will be sufficient to say that Choiseul has transmitted 
 conditions of peace under the greatest injunctions of 
 secrecy, with which even Bussy is not to be acquainted, 
 and none of our own Ministers but those who are trusted 
 in the utmost confidence. Upon these the Council sat 
 yesterday, and determined that a counter project should 
 be returned to it. They have not ultimately determined 
 what it shall be, but they are to sit upon it again 
 to-morrow, 
 
 Thus far, however, I may now say for certain, that 
 Canada is to be ours ; Choiseul has already consented 
 to this. The fisheries are to be left to France, but not 
 Cape Breton. France is to evacuate Westphalia. Goree 
 is to be restored. Senegal is to be ours. The other 
 parts of the scheme are not ripe, but from all appear- 
 ances we shall have a Peace very soon ; I think a cessa- 
 tion of arms in less than a fortnight. 
 
 Pray take the utmost care of this letter. Lord 
 Temple is in town. 
 
 Stanley has sent the strangest dispatches that were 
 ever seen. I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 27, 176] . 
 
 Dear Sir, — Lord Bute asked me to-day when you 
 
 would be in town ; I told him in about ten days. He 
 
 then answered, as that is the case, I will not send a 
 
 messenger, otherwise I should, with an account of all
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 373 
 
 that has passed in this memorable week ; he seemed un- 
 willing to trust the post. 
 
 I will, however, just venture to say this, that there 
 was a Council yesterday, which lasted as long as that 
 on Wednesday, and to-day a courier is gone with a long 
 dispatch to Mr. Stanley, containing our ideas on a 
 Peace : we insist on all Canada, including Cape Breton, 
 and the islands of Senegal and Goree ; Dunkirk to be 
 destroyed ; Minorca to be restored ; the neutral islands 
 to be left wholly neutral, or an equitable partition of 
 them. These are sine qua non. All the rest is left to 
 Stanley to negotiate with. But in such case France is 
 to evacuate all the possessions of our allies in Westphalia 
 and on the Rhine. This is the sum total of what is 
 determined. 
 
 I shall long to talk with you upon it when you come 
 to town. I am, &c, &c. C. J. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, June 30, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I had yesterday the favour of your 
 letter, and am glad to hear of the safe arrival of mine 
 of the &3th. 
 
 I have nothing to send by this post, but that Bussy has 
 received a courier, but he has not as yet offered any- 
 thing new in consequence of his arrival. He acknow- 
 ledges that the courier left Paris, after they had received 
 there the proposals contained in the Memorial of Mr. 
 Pitt, but he says that the Duke of Choiscul thought 
 them of too great consequence not to take time to con- 
 sider of them. The truth is that he certainly waits for 
 an answer to his note.
 
 374 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 1761 
 
 There is a great appearance on the (Jbast of France 
 of fitting out flat-bottomed boats, insomuch that Pitt 
 gives credit to something being intended, but I can 
 hardly believe it myself. I live in hopes of seeing you 
 soon in town. The scene thickens every hour. I am, 
 &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, July 2, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I wrote to you last night by Lord Bute's 
 order, and sent my letter by a messenger, who was to 
 carry the summons for an extraordinary Council that 
 is to meet on Wednesday. What the design of this 
 Council is I protest I don't know. It is the only 
 secret I have known since I have been in office. It is 
 certainly, however, not of the deliberative kind, as the 
 whole Privv Council is summoned, but it is for some 
 declaration which the King is to make there. The 
 conjectures which we form here are all of the same 
 domestic kind. We have no news relative to peace. 
 I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. PITT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 July 2, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The extraordinary summons you will 
 have received for a Council on Wednesday next, the 
 8th instant 1 , sufficientlv marks, bv the urgent terms in 
 which it is conceived, the intention that all Privy Coun- 
 
 ' At this Council the King announced his intended marriage with 
 the Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 375 
 
 cillors within reach should attend, and I make no doubt 
 that your own prudence would have determined you to 
 be there ; but lest any accidental engagement should 
 happen to stand in the way, I have thought you would 
 not disapprove a hint that your attendance on that day 
 is highly necessary. The King will be personally pre- 
 sent in the Council, and I shall be very sorry, sure 
 that you will be so too, if anything prevented your 
 attendance. 
 
 Wotton must be delightful this fine weather, and the 
 navigation enchanting, with gales breathing hay to fill 
 your sails. My best compliments attend Mrs. Grenville, 
 and sincerest wishes for the health of Wotton. 
 
 I am ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, July J 4, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The dispatches of Mr. Stanley were safely 
 delivered to me by the person to whose care you com- 
 mitted them. You will see by the two bulletins which 
 have been sent to you all the news we have received 
 since you went out of town. 
 
 The late manoeuvres of the armies in Westphalia have 
 been very wonderful. We have no further letters from 
 Stanley, and there has been no meeting. 
 
 Pitt and every one seems to me not to know what to do. 
 
 Lord Bute has written a very firm letter to the Duke 
 of Bedford, and has declared in it that he will not con- 
 sent to a peace which shall leave to the French any 
 even civil possession on the shores of Newfoundland. 
 
 I have mentioned to his Lordship what you directed me
 
 376 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 He seemed to wish that you would have*been contented 
 with the answer he had already given you. Whether he 
 has written to you himself I don't know, but he did 
 not give me any orders. 
 
 I am, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, July 21, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — As the public papers will contain all we 
 know of the taking of Pondicherri and Dominica, I 
 will say no more on this subject than just to wish you 
 joy of these great and important events. 
 
 Amidst all our rejoicings yesterday we received at 
 length a courier from Stanley. He brought letters 
 from Stanley, and a memorial from the Due de Choiseul. 
 Stanley's letters consist in a great measure of apologies 
 for his own conduct, and are evidently in answer to 
 some Mr. Pitt had written to him, giving him a sort of 
 reprimand. He still, however, continues to speak more 
 favourably of the French measures than they deserve. 
 
 As to the Memoire, it is in many respects a strange 
 one : it proposes even worse conditions than have been 
 hitherto offered. It insists on Cape Breton ; it men- 
 tions nothing of Nieuport, Ostend, and Dunkirk, and 
 insists upon keeping possession of Wesel and the King 
 of Prussia's possessions on the right. This has dis- 
 gusted Lord Bute very much, who has been endeavour- 
 ing, for the last three or four days, to spirit up the 
 Dukes of Newcastle, Devonshire, and Bedford, to some- 
 thing vigorous. The Council met to day ; what their 
 resolutions have been I do not yet know, but they sat
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 377 
 
 but a short time, and I believe they were unanimous, 
 and their opinions conformable to Lord Bute's. I will 
 write to you again by Thursday's post. 
 
 I am, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 LADY HESTER AND MR. PITT TO MR. JAMES GRENVILLE. 
 
 Wednesday, July 22, 1761. 
 
 Renewed Praise and Thanksgivings to the Almighty, 
 my dearest Jemmy, for fresh tidings of happy glorious 
 success from the most interesting quarter 1 . Duke Fer- 
 dinand has obtained a complete victory over both the 
 Marshals, with a very little loss. 
 
 My heart at once jumped to our dear little Captain 2 , 
 of whose safety I trust there is not the least doubt, the 
 loss being so small, and no names named. Sure this 
 will bring you to rejoice with us from your retreat ; if 
 not, we can do nothing greater for you. Lord Temple 
 is in town. All is triumph. All is joy. 
 
 Captain Wedderburn came away at 12 o'clock the 
 1 6th and left the Hereditary Prince still engaged and 
 pushing the enemy. 
 
 ( The remainder of this letter is in the handwriting of 
 
 Mr. Pitt.) 
 
 The French, after a long and brisk cannonading, ran 
 away in the most infamous manner. Some of their best 
 corps throwing away their arms. We have already taken 
 
 1 The battle of Kirch-Denckern, in which Marshal Broglio and the 
 Prince de Soubise were defeated. 
 
 2 Captain Grenville, of the Coldstream Guards, second son of James 
 Grenville. He was afterwards M.P. for Buckingham, and a General 
 officer.
 
 378 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 three thousand, with many cannon. But four officers 
 killed. The Captain no doubt covered with glory, but 
 we know not further particulars. 
 
 On the same side of this paper it is not worth while 
 mentioning- that we have taken a French 64-gun ship in 
 the West Indies. 
 
 I have the joy to tell my dear James that the officer 
 arrived saw Captain Grenville, after the action, perfectly 
 we'll. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, July 25, 1761. 
 
 My dear Sir, — I sit down at one of the clock in the 
 morning, after one of the heaviest days of business I 
 ever had in all my life, to trouble you with a short letter. 
 I am sorry that you had not the late good news so soon 
 as I could wish, but I thought the first short bulletin 
 we published of it was not worth the sending by express, 
 and I had some suspicion that we had given it out in 
 too high a strain, which afterwards proved, and the only 
 papers which could give any real information in the 
 affair were kept so long at Court, that it became useless 
 afterwards to send an express with them. 
 
 I wrote, however, by the post, and ordered the Post- 
 master to send it directly over to you. I have regularly 
 transmitted to you since what we have hitherto known 
 of this affair, and I send you now what is come in by a 
 messenger and mail just arrived. I should also inform 
 you that Colonel Beckwith is come in with the trophies 
 that were taken, and I am also to convey to you Lord 
 Bute's thanks for your kind compliments of congratula- 
 tion on this occasion.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 379 
 
 Thus much as to public news. As to the private 
 negociation between us and France : our ministers are 
 come to a resolution of proposing an Ultimatum, and of 
 obliging the French to speak out, or of ending the nego- 
 ciation. For this end they have sent a paper containing 
 this Ultimatum to Paris, and we have communicated it 
 to-day to all our allies. The terms are exactly the 
 same as before ; denying them, however, any sort of port 
 for their fishery, and proposing that what relates to the 
 East Indies should be settled between the two Com- 
 panies. I should mention to you that besides the 
 Memorial which Choiseul sent a few days ago, con- 
 taining the French conditions of peace, Bussy, also, 
 presented two of a very insidious and impertinent 
 nature, trying to engage us in a squabble with Spain. 
 These papers have been returned to that Minister with 
 the indignation they deserve, and have been called 
 offensive 1 . I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, July 28, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — I have had the honour of your letter of 
 the 26th instant, and am sorry that my mistake in 
 directing my letter should have been the cause of any 
 delay. Since my last letter of Friday, we have no mail 
 from abroad, so that I can send vou no further account 
 of the progress of the different armies ; I can only say 
 that there is good reason to suppose that the enemy has 
 passed the ? so as to be able to secure their com- 
 munication with Dusseldorff, and by that means procure 
 
 1 See Parliamentary History, vol. xv. p, L018, &c.
 
 380 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 themselves subsistence. I fancy that before this time 
 there has been a battle between the King of Prussia and 
 Loudon. 
 
 The Prussian Ministers expected it would happen on 
 the 14th. We shall now wait with the utmost impa- 
 tience for the return of the courier that is gone to 
 Stanley, as the issue of the negociation will now depend 
 on the answer he brings. 
 
 There is one thing that gives me pleasure in all that 
 passed on this occasion in the Cabinet, which was that 
 all the members of it were unanimous and fell into Lord 
 Bute's sentiments, both in respect to the moderation of 
 the conditions themselves, as to the firmness in proposing 
 them, and the resolution of sending back the insolent 
 memorials that were presented by Bussy. 
 
 Mr. Pitt thinks that the Peace is made, but Lord Bute 
 is of a very different opinion. I agree with you in my own 
 particular that nothing will be concluded 'till November, 
 but I even think further that they will never give us the 
 fishery even in the manner that it is now proposed to 
 them. I think that they would sooner give up Guada- 
 loupe. I will take exact care that you shall be informed 
 of everything as it arises. 
 
 I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, August 4, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I had yesterday the honour of your letter, 
 
 and though I have nothing particular to say by this 
 
 post, I thought you would excuse the trouble, though my 
 
 letter contained no more lhan thanks for your friendship
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 381 
 
 towards me. You will find all the news we have con- 
 tained in the bulletin which this post will convey to 
 you : you will there see that in Westphalia affairs con- 
 tinue to look better and better. On every other part of 
 the Continent things are at present very critical. Bussy 
 received a courier on Saturdav, but whether he brought 
 anything of importance we know not. Yesterday, how- 
 ever, for the first time, Bussy went to Court. He ap- 
 peared there as a stranger, said nothing in particular to 
 the King, but His Majesty talked to him in general 
 terms a good while. 
 
 I agree with vou that their manner of negociatino- 
 the Peace has been more able than their manner of con- 
 ducting the war. 
 
 I wish the reverse of this character raav not belong 
 to us. 
 
 You say you do not quite understand what our present 
 terms are. They are exactly the same as what we offered 
 before. 
 
 Nothing is added on account of our late successes. 
 We have only made all our former conditions at present 
 sine qua non, and particularly that of refusing them 
 any kind of port for their fishery, declaring that 
 Stanley's and Bussy's commissions shall end if these 
 terms are not complied with. 
 
 I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, August 6, 1701 . 
 Dear Sir, — A courier is just arrived from Paris, and 
 brings a Memoire containing tin; Ultimatum of France,
 
 382 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 in answer to the Ultimatum we sent from hence. This 
 paper carries in my opinion a very hostile appearance 
 with it. It is drawn in very strong terms. A settle- 
 ment, though unfortified, either on the islands of Cape 
 Breton or St. John, or somewhere else convenient for 
 their fishery, is insisted on ; and they will not destroy 
 the fortifications of Dunkirk, nor restore the King of 
 Prussia's territories in Westphalia, nor evacuate at pre- 
 sent Nieuport or Ostend, though as to these two last 
 places they pretend to no territorial right, and declare 
 they only garrison them for the Empress Queen, mean- 
 ing to withdraw their troops when the war is at an end. 
 
 They won't accept Belleisle in exchange for Minorca, 
 and desire that we would keep the former, and that they 
 may keep the latter. 
 
 These are the general heads of this paper. Stanley 
 has accompanied it with a short letter, and promises 
 a much longer in a day or two ; but he says that he 
 thinks that the point where the whole sticks is the 
 fishery. You know my sentiments on this whole affair, 
 both from what I have wrote and said ; so that I will 
 not trouble you now with any further ideas upon it. 
 What our Ministers will do I know not as yet. The 
 Duke of Newcastle has already been with Lord Bute 
 to beg that we may not lose sight of peace, and take my 
 word for it that Mr. Pitt is almost as unwilling, though 
 he is too wise to show it. If on this occasion we act 
 firmly and reject these proposals, it will be owing to 
 Lord Bute. I am, &c. C. Jenkinson.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 383 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Petworth, August 6, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — Although I doubt not but you have con- 
 stant intelligence from Brighthelmstone, yet being re- 
 turned from London yesterday, and having heard that 
 your son 1 was quite well by a servant just come from 
 thence, I thought the adding my testimony to Mr. Lloyd's 
 was a good pretence for troubling you with a letter to 
 inquire after all at Wotton. 
 
 I was in town a week, and Sunday last Lady Egremont" 2 
 was 'listed into the service of one who is at present a 
 foreign Princess : to be sure it was a glorious sight to see 
 his Grace of Manchester 5 mustering his eighteen ladies 
 in the antechamber, and marching into the drawing- 
 room at their head, with a conscious superiority over 
 Grantham 4 , Polonius, and all Lord Chamberlains that 
 ever were or ever will be. When we meet I shall tell 
 you how very agreeable this transaction passed with rela- 
 tion to Lady Egremont, who desires her most affectionate 
 compliments to all with you. 
 
 Bussy went to Court on Monday, and afforded thereby 
 matter for much speculation and discourse in all the 
 coffee-houses of the metropolis. To be sure you know 
 
 1 George Grenville, afterwards Earl Temple and Marquess of 
 Buckingham. 
 
 - Lady Egremont was to be one of the Ladies of the Bedchamber 
 to the new Queen. 
 
 '■'• Robert, third Duke of Manchester, Lord Chamberlain to the 
 Queen. He married Harriett, daughter and co-heir of Edmund 
 Dunch, of Little Wittenham, Berks. He died in the following year, 
 1762. 
 
 1 Sir Thomas Robinson, recently created Lord Grantham.
 
 384 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 of Sir James LowtherV marriage with Lady Mary; 
 perhaps you do not of Lord Willoughby de BrokeV 
 with Lady Louisa North, which the London ladies told 
 me was equally fixed. 
 
 The great point now in town is whether Thomas of 
 Lincoln, or Hayter of Norwich, should be Bishop of 
 London 3 . I have heard much about it in town, and 
 more in Sussex, the week of Lewes races, and hope very 
 much that firmness may be showed upon this occasion. 
 I know it is of importance. Now I come to the point of 
 negociation, which was the cause of your being troubled 
 with this letter. The future Queen sets out from Strelitz 
 the 17th, and if the winds are fair may arrive at Green- 
 wich the 22nd or 23rd, by which time all the world will 
 be in town. I propose about the 17th or 18th to send 
 for Cockermouth 4 , that he may pass three or four days 
 here before we go to town. Now, supposing that my 
 friend George and Mr. Lloyd should come back hither 
 in my coach with Cockermouth and his tutor, and that 
 Mrs. Grenville and you should meet them to see them 
 run about together for three or four days, Lady Egremont 
 and I were thinking how merrily we might all set out 
 together to dance at this wedding. I am, dear Sir, 
 with immutable affection, &c. Egremont. 
 
 1 Afterwards Earl of Lonsdale. He married Lady Mary Stuart, 
 eldest daughter of Lord Bute. 
 
 2 Joliu, sixth Lord Willoughby de Broke, married Lady Louisa 
 North, sister to Lord North, the Minister. 
 
 a Dr. Hayter was made Bishop of London. He died a year after. 
 4 George O'Brien, Lord Cockermouth, succeeded his father as Earl 
 of Egremont, in August, 1763. He died, unmarried, in 1837.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 385 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, August 8, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — I have just time to acquaint you that 
 Mr. Mackenzie 1 , who is arrived from Paris, has 
 brought dispatches from Stanley, the purport of which 
 is, that the French will never consent to any terms of 
 peace in which an abri for their fisheries is not in- 
 cluded ; that they would as soon yield up one of the 
 provinces of their kingdom, as not obtain this necessary 
 security for their fisheries ; and until they do obtain it, 
 we shall not hear them speak plain how far they will 
 give up the interests of their allies for the sake of 
 peace. I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Monday, (August) 10, 1761. 
 
 My dear Lord, — You will see by the Ultimatum of 
 
 France that the pleasing prospect of approaching peace 
 
 is extremely clouded, and I fear at an end. A long 
 
 dispatch received this morning from Mr. Stanley, gives 
 
 us to expect that France will be firm : at the same time 
 
 I find he still thinks that Court has been, and is 
 
 sincere, in desires of peace. 
 
 1 James Stuart, second son of James, second Earl of Bute, and next 
 brother to the Minister, John, Earl of Bute. He assumed the addi- 
 tional surname of Mackenzie, upon succeeding to the estates of his 
 great-grandfather, Sir George Mackenzie. He came into Parliament 
 in 1742, and was made Keeper of the Privy Seal in Scotland in 1763. 
 His removal from that office in May, 1765, was an act forced upon the 
 King by the Grenville Administration, as part of the price stipulated 
 for their return to power. He married his cousin, Lady Elizabeth 
 Campbell, daughter of John, Duke of Argyll, but had no issue. She 
 died in 1799, and he a few months afterwards. 
 
 VOL. I. C C
 
 386 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 How reconcile with that view her whole conduct? 
 1 can find no solution for this political enigma, except 
 that perhaps the French Ministry claim by prescription 
 to perplex by chicane, deceive by perfidy, and impose by 
 insolence, whenever they treat of peace with England. 
 
 The Pro-Memoria delivered to Count Viry will, I 
 trust, have your Lordship's approbation. 
 
 I am come from Hayes a good deal out of order with 
 a bilious complaint, in which I would hope there is no 
 touch of gout, Writing and business ill suits with 
 such a condition. The Due de Choiseul does me no 
 small injustice in supposing, as he does, that I wish 
 nothing but to continue war, at any rate. Lady Hester, 
 who has a bilious disorder also, joins in most affec- 
 tionate wishes for Stowe. I am ever, my dear Lord 
 Temple's most devoted and loving brother, 
 
 W. Pitt. 
 
 ( The following is in the handwriting of Lord Temple *, 
 and dated September 18, I76I.) 
 
 Mr. Wall has declared in a paper delivered to the 
 Earl of Bristol the 28th past, that the Memorial which 
 M. de Bussy presented here by order of his Court, con- 
 cerning the disputes of Spain with Great Britain, was a 
 step taken with the full consent, app?-obation, and 
 pleasure of His Catholic Majesty. 
 
 The said French Memorial specifies three points of 
 dissension which subsist between England and Spain. 
 
 1 This is the celebrated advice in writing given to the King previous 
 to the resignation of Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple. Although it has 
 before appeared in print, its insertion here may be excused, because it 
 illustrates a remarkable incident in tbe political career of Lord Temple.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 387 
 
 l mo , the restitution of prizes taken on the subjects of 
 Spain during the present war. 2 d0 , liberty to the 
 Spanish nation of fishing on the banks of Newfound- 
 land. 3 ti0 , the destruction of the English establish- 
 ments formed on the Spanish territory in the Bay of 
 Honduras ; and farther declares, that if the Catholic 
 King should on account of these disputes determine on 
 war, His most Christian Majesty is engaged to take 
 part therein. 
 
 This unjust and unexampled proceeding of the Court 
 of Spain, by inforcing her demands on England through 
 the channel and by the compulsion of a hostile power, 
 denouncing eventually future war in conjunction, while 
 Spain was still professing amity and friendship with 
 Great Britain ; and the full declaration and avowal at 
 last made by the Spanish Ministry of a total union of 
 councils and interests between the two monarchies of 
 the House of Bourbon, are matters of so high and 
 urgent a nature as call indispensably on His Majesty to 
 take forthwith such necessary and timely measures as 
 God has put into his hands, for the defence of the 
 honour of his Crown, and of the just and essential 
 interests of His Majesty's people. 
 
 It is therefore most humbly submitted to His 
 Majesty's wisdom, that orders be forthwith sent to the 
 Earl of Bristol to deliver a declaration signed by his 
 Excellency to the above effect, and to return immedi- 
 ately to England, without taking leave. 
 
 c c <2
 
 388 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 TIIE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Friday night, September 25, 1761. 
 Dear George, — Though things look with a very 
 doubtful aspect, and strange events are to be expected 
 every day, there is nothing I can assign for a reason 
 strong enough to desire you to stay in town. You shall 
 know the decision of our present dispatches, and their 
 final issue, the minute it comes to any consistency. I 
 own I think myself very unfortunate, who with the most 
 ardent wishes to serve my King and country, see 
 nothing but rocks and quicksands in my way, and the 
 times, persons, situations, all thwarting every wish of 
 my heart: however, I must go on, while I see the 
 smallest prospect of serving my Prince ; but that over, 
 my only care will be to leave Court with the same un- 
 blemished character I came into it, and then comfort 
 myself with the testimony of my own conscience, with 
 the approbation of a few friends I highly regard, 
 amongst whom George Grenville stands in the foremost 
 rank. Adieu, my dear George, I am ever, with the 
 greatest regard, most affectionately yours, Bute. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OF BUTE. 
 
 Wotton, September 26, 1761. 
 My dear Lord, — You will see by the date of this 
 letter that I left London this morning, which I should 
 not have done in this unsettled and uncertain state of 
 affairs both at home and abroad, if my longer con- 
 tinuance there could have been of any particular use or 
 service to my friends or the public, to which I always
 
 1761. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 389 
 
 have been, and shall be ready to devote myself. This 
 I desired Mr. Jenkinson to inform you of, and being 
 fully persuaded myself that my stay in the present 
 situation was unnecessary, you will not be sur- 
 prised, my dear Lord, that I retire from a disagreeable 
 scene, which I have neither light nor discernment 
 sufficient to see through. Your station and judgment 
 must enable you to form a truer judgment in every 
 respect, and I am extremely sorry to find that you 
 entertain so bad an opinion of it, as appears from the 
 melancholy representation you give me in your letter 
 last night ; notwithstanding which, I most ardently hope 
 that you will find a happier issue than you seem to 
 promise yourself through all these difficulties, to that 
 most becoming and most honourable object of your 
 wishes, the true service of your King and country in 
 this great and arduous conjuncture. To this object at all 
 times, and at this time more especially from every 
 motive, the views of every honest man ought to be 
 directed with a temper, firmness, and steadiness superior 
 to all private passions, and all public discouragements ; 
 the uniform pursuit of it upon these principles, with a 
 resolution adequate to the exigency whatever the event 
 may be, cannot but be attended with universal reputa- 
 tion and honour, and with that unblemished character 
 and peace of mind which you so justly consider as the 
 most desirable end of all public stations. These are my 
 sincere opinions, my dear Lord, and my endeavours 
 have constantly been to make my conduct answerable to 
 these professions ; and let me flatter myself that your 
 persuasion of it hath contributed to that very kind and 
 friendly partiality towards me which your letter so 
 warmly expresses, and which I shall ever esteem as the
 
 390 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 highest lion our, and feel with the greatest pleasure. 
 The true and real friendship which I bear to you is the 
 best return I can offer, and will at all times make me 
 happy in proving to you the sincere attachment, with 
 which I am, my dear Lord, your most affectionate and 
 most faithful humble Servant, George Grenville. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (September 29, 1761). 
 
 Dear Sir, — When I saw Lord Bute yesterday he 
 began himself by enquiring what your sentiments were 
 on the situation of affairs and the present conduct of 
 Spain. This gave me an opportunity of explaining to 
 him what you bade me, which I did in the fullest 
 manner. I think he approved of your conduct in going 
 out of town, and appeared in every respect very much 
 pleased. I told him you could be in town at any time 
 in twelve hours if he wanted you. 
 
 While I was saying this he opened the letter you 
 wrote to him ; he told me it was a letter from you, but 
 did not mention anything of the contents, or give me 
 any orders about it. He seemed to be much less 
 anxious than he had been a day or two before. Pitt 
 had been at Court, and appeared very much out of 
 humour, particularly with those Lords who had been in 
 with the King on a late occasion. 
 
 This morning Lord Bute said he had certain intel- 
 ligence that Mr. Pitt intended to resign, though he 
 was not sure whether he would take the present occa- 
 sion for it, or whether he would try to shift his ground, 
 and take another pretence for it.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 391 
 
 Mr. Pitt had very much pressed for Council in conse- 
 quence of what had appeared in the intercepted letter 
 you saw on Friday, but this was overruled. 
 
 This, with the public news you will receive in the 
 
 precis, is all the intelligence I know. I would not 
 
 omit sending it to you, as I thought some parts of it 
 
 of great importance. I am, &c, &c. 
 
 C. Jenkinson. 
 
 Stanley is not yet arrived. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, past 5, October 2, 1761. 
 
 My dear Sir, — The intelligence I have sent you for 
 these last two posts will have prepared you in some 
 degree for the letter of Lord Bute, which I now send 
 you. 
 
 In the Council to-day Mr. P. declared his resolution 
 to resign ; he did it in as calm a manner as he was able, 
 and said that he would not continue a Minister of the 
 King's without having the direction of his affairs. He 
 thanked the old Ministers for their civility to him, 
 seeming by that particularly to except Lord B. Lord 
 Temple spoke a little, and declared (as Lord Bute 
 understood) his intention to resign. They tried to 
 bring the Council to a determination about the Spanish 
 war, but the Council said they would not come to a 
 resolution, and did not think affairs ripe for one at 
 present. This is the summary of what passed. My 
 Lord ordered me to acquaint you with this : he wishes 
 that you would come to town as private as you can, by 
 yourself, and that you would lose no time. You may
 
 392 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 send forward the messenger who brings this to you to 
 order horses to be ready for you. I should add many 
 tilings that Lord B. has said to me on this occasion 
 relative to yourself, if he had not expressed himself so 
 warmly in his own letter. 
 
 Thank God ! he is quite calm on the occasion. 
 Permit me to express my joy for the public's sake, no less 
 than your own, at what is going to happen ; and I flatter 
 myself to see His Majesty's affairs managed the better 
 for this change. I will not tire you with compliments, 
 though whatever I should say you could not doubt of 
 their being sincere, for I have the honour to be, out of 
 gratitude, no less than respect and affection, dear Sir, 
 &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Friday, past 5 (October 2, 1761). 
 My dear George, — I write to you in a very painful 
 minute. Mr. P. has taken leave of us, and the King- 
 left in a most perilous situation to form a new Ministry. 
 I avoided the desiring you to stay in town, though I 
 thought this event likely, and that out of real ten- 
 derness to you, judging it more eligible for my friend to 
 go to the country and remain there 'till the King desired 
 his presence, than by waiting here to seem in a state of 
 expectancy. I hope you will think my opinion no un- 
 kind one. I own to you, so impossible have I found it 
 for some time past to go on with any hopes of success 
 that I should have thought it necessary at this juncture 
 for our Sovereign to have taken new Ministers, though 
 untried, inexperienced men ; but the high opinion I
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 393 
 
 have of you, the warm friendship I feel for you, and the 
 entire confidence I place in you, makes me see this 
 dereliction with much more indifference than I other- 
 wise should do. I know your love for the King, and I 
 flatter myself, when his service demands your presence, 
 you will not lose a minute in coming here. Jenkinson 
 flatters me I may see you to-morrow at dinner. 'Till 
 then, my dear George, adieu ! Yours most entirely, 
 
 Bute. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, October 3, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — You will see by the inclosed note that 
 Lord Bute will be at home from half an hour after one; 
 you may judge of the impatience he has to see you. 
 
 When you come I shall take it as a favour if you 
 would just give me notice of it, and whenever you think 
 you shall be at leisure I will attempt to see you. I 
 have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Newcastle House, Friday morning (October 7, 1701). 
 
 Dear Sir, — I can't possibly come down to the Cock- 
 pit this morning, for I must see my Lord Bute before I 
 see the King, as I hope the great ajfair will be settled, 
 and that I shall receive the King's orders to prepare 
 the instruments this morning. 
 
 My business is about the Speaker. I find a Tory 
 will not go down well, and that it is thought that if it 
 would, Mr. Provvse 1 would not accept it, and that in all 
 
 1 Many years Member for Somersetshire : he died in 1767.
 
 394 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 1761. 
 
 events it would go down better if the offer was first 
 made to Sir George Savile 1 . 
 
 I intended to settle this with my Lord Bute and you 
 at Court. 
 
 If you can't come to St. James's I will send Barrington 
 to you to acquaint you with what shall pass. Ever yours, 
 
 Holles Newcastle. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OE BUTE. 
 
 October 12, 1761. 
 
 My Lord, — Unhappy differences of opinion with re- 
 gard to measures of the highest importance having re- 
 duced Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt to the necessity of 
 resigning their employments, it is become unfit and im- 
 possible for me to stand separated from them ; I beg 
 leave therefore to recur to your Lordship's good offices 
 in laying me at His Majesty's feet in the most respectful 
 and dutiful manner, and to obtain for me his Royal per- 
 mission to resign the office of Cofferer, which His Ma- 
 jesty's goodness conferred upon me. 
 
 I beg leave at the same time to desire your Lordship 
 most humbly to offer for me to His Majesty the most 
 unfeigned sentiments of my inviolable duty and devo- 
 tion, together with my truly ardent wishes for the pros- 
 perity and glory of his reign. I am, with great re- 
 spect, &c, &c. James Grenville. 
 
 1 Member for Yorkshire: he died in 1784, when the Baronetcy 
 became extinct. His surviving sister and heir was the wife of Richard, 
 fourth Earl of Scarborough.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 395 
 
 HEADS of LORD BUTE'S LETTER to MR. GRENVILLE, October 13, 
 1761 ; delivered by Mr. ELLIOT, and returned to Mm by LORD BUTE'S 
 desire, upon account of expressions relative to the DUKE OF NEW- 
 CASTLE. 
 
 [In the handwriting of Mrs. Grenville, with some interlineations- by Mr. 
 
 Grenville.] 
 
 Expressions of great concern upon the conversation 
 with Mr. G. G. upon the preceding day, which, accord- 
 ing to Mr. G. G.'s request, he had thought upon very 
 much : sat down to write to me though very late. 1st 
 head, regret both from himself and the King, upon the 
 barbarous usage of my family. King's consent to the 
 declining the seals in consequence of my delicacy, which, 
 if this had been foreseen, he, Lord B., would, instead of 
 soothing, have exploded : generous offer made by me to 
 go into the present situation : the King's acceptance : 
 manner of his reception of it in his Closet : what Lord 
 Bute said there : my own opening this plan : the deli- 
 very of Seals to Earl of Egremont : could not have 
 been done but upon this plan, otherwise must have been 
 in the House of Commons : general acquiescence of 
 everybody to it : difficulty attending the King in depart- 
 ing from it : imputed by others to wavering, and irreso- 
 lution or timidity, though not by him : recapitulation of 
 all my arguments against it (that the King would there- 
 by lose a faithful servant — true, if consequence as I 
 stated it): will now use his own, not being convinced by 
 them. General conduct of the Duke of Newcastle, and 
 reasons to show the impossibility of him or his friends 
 acting the part that I suspected : immediate punish- 
 ment, crazy old man. Young king, young nobility. In- 
 formation from myself of what passed : daily represen-
 
 396 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 tation by myself in the Closet of the conduct and proofs 
 which I should daily receive from experience of the 
 Kino's resolution : source from whence the difference of 
 opinion among us springs : D. of N. does not look upon 
 him as formidable : detail of N.'s conduct during the 
 last reign : odious in his, B.'s, opinion : pusillanimity in 
 the Closet, foreign system, foreign ideas, sole access, 
 power of calling people rascals and Jacobites : since the 
 accession, B. has no reason to find fault with his beha- 
 viour : great change in his situation in regard to the 
 King : knew his own power diminished : would insist on 
 nothing : would press for his friends and acquiesce where 
 it would not do: had many pledges for the performance 
 of N.'s promises : to speak more freely, and open himself 
 more fully than he had done since the accession : his 
 graces not so desultory ; had bestowed them on men of 
 worth and character: had certain information that after 
 the Peace N. would resign when called upon : thought it 
 therefore better to let this old man tide over a year or 
 two more of his political life: saw many among his 
 people who were worthy and fit to be brought forward 
 in the King's service: opened this plan to remove my 
 jealousies and any idea I might have formed of being 
 led into a situation amongst people hostile to me, and to 
 be dropped in the middle of it : that he loved his King 
 better than himself, loved his country, his wife, his chil- 
 dren, and his friend : that upon this plan he put the 
 whole, and would abide by it, and risk everything for it; 
 that he would support it to the utmost; that the King 
 was upon the same ground, would support me to the ut- 
 most, my honour was his honour, my disgrace his dis- 
 grace ; that these were the genuine and real sentiments 
 of his heart, of which he wished most earnestly to con-
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 397 
 
 vince me that they were dictated by the same truth and 
 sincerity with which he was my affectionate and faithful 
 friend. 
 
 Wednesday, past three in the morning. 
 
 THE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 Newcastle House, Tuesday, 4 o'clock (October 13, 1761). 
 Dear Sir, — Since I saw you I have received some 
 letters from some of my principal Whig friends (not 
 Courtiers) in the country, and I am very happy to find 
 that Mr. Prowse will go down very well with them, and 
 indeed, better than anybody. This eases me of the 
 only difficulty which I could ever have, and I hope you 
 may make good use of it, as it shows how unanimously 
 and honourably Mr. Prowse will be chose. Though 
 I have scarce the honour to be known to Mr. Prowse, 
 if you think that the making use of my name, as most 
 sincerely concurring with you in wishing he would take 
 this trouble upon him for the sake of the King, and the 
 public, you are at liberty to do as you think most likely 
 to procure the end we wish. I was extremely concerned 
 at what I saw and heard this day : I would scorn to join 
 in engaging you to undertake such a difficult, and in 
 many respects such a disagreeable load, if I was not 
 determined in all events to give you all the little assist- 
 ance in my power, and to make it as practicable to you 
 as I could, to go through it with honour, ease, and satis- 
 faction ; and of this I beg you will be assured from, 
 Dear Sir, &c, &c. Holles Newcastle.
 
 398 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO MR. PROWSE. 
 
 Upper Brook Street, October 14, 1761. 
 
 Dear Sir, — The great anxiety which I feel, and 
 which every honest man will feel with me for the suc- 
 cess of the business that I now write upon, is the best, 
 and I am persuaded you will think it a sufficient, excuse 
 for the trouble I give you. 
 
 The King having been pleased to signify to me his 
 earnest wishes that I should decline going into the Chair 
 of the House of Commons, to which the favourable 
 opinion of many very considerable persons, however un- 
 worthy I may be of it, proposed to have called me, it 
 becomes me from every motive both of gratitude and 
 duty to obey, though I will freely own to you, for many 
 reasons, that I do it in this particular and at this time 
 with the greatest reluctancy, as I should have looked 
 upon the Chair as the highest honour that could have 
 befallen me, and as a safe retreat from those storms and 
 that uneasiness to which all other public situations, and 
 more especially at this juncture, are unavoidably ex- 
 posed. 
 
 Upon this occasion it is indispensably necessary that 
 a proper person should be immediately pitched upon for 
 the very honourable and important office of Speaker of 
 the House of Commons. 
 
 In this choice every subject of the Kingdom is highly 
 concerned, and I am sure you will agree with me, that 
 if they all concur in calling upon any man from an 
 universal opinion of his ability, candour, and integrity, 
 to undertake this great office, that no private considera- 
 tion of his own ease and situation should prevail upon 
 him to decline it.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 399 
 
 In this circumstance vou now stand ; I know vour sin- 
 cere love and reverence to the constitution, and your 
 constant desire to preserve the credit and authority of 
 the House of Commons entire : from these motives I 
 form my strongest hopes that you will not decline the 
 acceptance of the Speaker's Chair, when you shall know 
 authentically that all sorts and conditions of men, of 
 every party and denomination, unite in their earnest 
 wishes to see you placed in it, and in this public testi- 
 mony of the approbation of your character. 
 
 I have desired Mr. Dyson 1 , whom I have apprized of 
 this proposition, to explain it and enforce it to you, and 
 I most earnestly beg the favour of you to let me see you 
 in town, as soon as it is convenient to you, that no time 
 may be lost, that I may talk to you more at large upon 
 this subject, and that you will not think of declining it 
 'till you have heard the reasons I have to urge for your 
 concurrence with it. 
 
 You will I hope be persuaded that I would not make 
 this proposal to you upon any slight foundations, or if I 
 had not the strongest reason and best authority to believe 
 that there can be no other negative voice to it but your 
 own, and I flatter myself that negative will not be 
 allowed to be decisive in the present conjuncture. You 
 have sacrificed your time, your ease, and every other 
 consideration to a much more laborious and painful ser- 
 vice in which you are now engaged ; and can you refuse 
 to do it in a much less degree, upon a duty of such high 
 importance to your King and to your country, to which 
 
 1 Jeremiah Dyson, principal Clerk of the House of Commons, 
 afterwards M.P. for Weymouth, a Lord of Trade, and of the Treasury, 
 aud in 1774 Cofferer of the Household. He died in 1776.
 
 400 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 I will venture to say no man was ever more honourably, 
 and more unanimously called ? 
 
 When you are fully apprized of every circumstance 
 relating' to it, I believe I may safely appeal to your own 
 honour and public spirit against every plea of your ease, 
 or even of your health, for the decision of this question. 
 I will, therefore, add no more except the assurances of 
 that real and sincere regard which it is a pleasure to me 
 at all times to express, and with which 
 
 I am, dear Sir, &c, &c. George Grenville. 
 
 THE EARL OP HARDWICKE ' TO MR GRENVILLE. 
 
 Grosvenor Square, Friday morning, October 16, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — I cannot find that any Act of Parliament 
 was passed for naturalizing the late Queen Caroline, 
 either whilst she was Princess of Wales, or after she 
 was Queen. The law of the Crown undoubtedly is that a 
 foreign Princess, being married to the King is ipso facto 
 naturalized, and capable of all the rights and preroga- 
 tives belonging to a Queen Consort ; and to enjoy dower 
 or a jointure from the King her husband. This was the 
 case of the Consorts of the Kings Charles the First and 
 Second, and of King James the Second, who without 
 being naturalized had all of them large jointures in 
 lands or rents. The only question that can possibly be 
 started, is what you took notice of, upon the restrictive 
 clause in the Act 12 & 13 W. 3, and concerning grants 
 of lands or of tenements, or of offices from the Crown ; 
 
 1 Philip Yorke, first Earl of Hardwicke, and for many years Lord 
 High Chancellor. He resigned the seals in November, 1756, and 
 died in March, 1764.
 
 1761. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 401 
 
 and that clause being penned in general words, adapted 
 more especially to other cases, I much doubt whether a 
 Queen Consort is within them. 
 
 As to the jointure intended for the Queen, I presume 
 it will be out of the Civil List revenues ; and no palace 
 or house of residence can be granted to Her Majesty 
 without a particular Act of Parliament enabling it, for 
 another reason, viz., the restriction in the Civil List 
 Act, primo Anna?. 
 
 If the King should upon any occasion be pleased to 
 appoint Her Majesty Regent of the Kingdom, that also 
 will require a particular Act of Parliament for that pur- 
 pose, as was done 2 d0 Geo. 2 di , cap. 27; because otherwise 
 Her Majesty would be obliged to certain qualifications 
 inconsistent with her Royal dignity ; which, as I drew 
 that Act, I well remember was the reason of bringing 
 it in. Such particular Acts would fully cure any doubt 
 that might be entertained concerning any grant of lands, 
 tenements, or offices, in the Queen's case. 
 
 For these reasons I much wish that this point may be 
 further considered before any expectation or opinion is 
 created by an Act of Naturalization being necessary, or 
 intended ; for I fear it might be thought to prejudice 
 the general prerogative of the Crown. 
 
 The motives from which this trouble proceeds make 
 me rely on your goodness to excuse it, being always 
 with great truth and esteem, dear Sir, &c, &c. 
 
 IIardwicke. 
 
 vol. T. I) d
 
 402 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 THE EARL OF LINCOLN TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Thursday morning (October 9, 1761). 
 My dearest Lord, — I did not hear 'till yesterday at 
 four o'clock the step you took in the morning 1 , and my 
 dear Lord, though I lament from the bottom of a heart 
 (that is totally yours) the thing itself, I can but say I 
 feel great comfort and pleasure, since it was to be done, 
 at the very handsome manner you have chose to do it 
 in; so much dignity to yourself; and I can assure you, 
 mv dearest Lord, I have the quickest sensation of grati- 
 tude, for that part of it that I know myself so infinitely 
 obliged to you for; and what I shall ever remember as long 
 as I live. But my dear friend, things can't remain so; out 
 of disagreeable things happy effects must follow. I fully 
 intended, if I had not received your very obliging letter, 
 to have waited upon you this morning, which, if you will 
 give me leave, I will do at a little after eleven ; for I long 
 infinitely to express the thankfulness and the warmth of 
 my heart to you. I am ever, with the greatest truth, my 
 dearest, dearest Lord, most unalterably and affection- 
 ately yours, Lincoln. 
 
 MR. PROWSE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Gosport, October 10, 1761. 
 Dear Sir, — I know not how to express the sense I 
 have of the honour done me by your most obliging letter, 
 nor the distress I feel in declining an offer of one of the 
 highest stations in this country, though attended with 
 every circumstance that can possibly concur to enhance 
 the value of it. 
 
 1 His resignation of the Privy Seal.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 403 
 
 What I dread, dear Sir, is, that you may think my 
 refusal proceeds either from want of a due sense of the 
 great honour done me, from false notions of popularity, 
 from a love of ease and indolence, from a dread of con- 
 nections with this or that set of men (where I know there 
 ouo-ht to be none), or from anv other motive than the 
 true one : not a fear of impairing my health, but being 
 already in such a condition as would make it impossible 
 for me to go through the common and necessary business 
 of the House for one month : for an account of which I 
 must refer you to Mr. Dyson. 
 
 There are indeed other objections I cannot but feel, 
 which I will ingenuously confess, great as they are, 
 the vanity of my heart would get the better of. Suffer 
 me only to observe, that as ill health often proves the 
 greatest blessing in a Christian sense, so it may happen 
 on this occasion to be in a political one. 
 
 Your authority, and the friendship you have so long- 
 honoured me with, give such weight to your commands, 
 that I should immediately set out for London, were my 
 excuse of any other nature, but in this case it is need- 
 less to trouble you farther. 
 
 Give me leave only to assure you that I shall always 
 retain the most grateful sense of the high honour done 
 me on this occasion, and that I am with the most perfect 
 and unalterable respect, 
 
 Dear Sir, your most obliged, &c, &c. 
 
 Thomas Prowse. 
 
 d d 2
 
 404 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Friday night, October 16, 1761. 
 
 I am obliged, my dear Wilkes, to set out early to- 
 morrow morning, and I am sorry I cannot pass half an 
 hour with you to explain a little, and to comment more 
 upon the phenomenon of the times ; a public deluded, 
 and the ridiculous instrument of undoing al] that for 
 four years together they had so successfully laboured to 
 establish; their idol become the object of their unjust 
 abuse ; but virtue and talents are still his in a degree 
 superior to all the rest of the world, his maligners or 
 admirers. 
 
 I have only to add to what you know, that when I 
 returned to town, I found the King, upon Mr. Pitt's 
 resignation, had not only acknowledged his great and 
 eminent services in the highest terms and most gracious 
 manner, but insisted likewise on rewarding them, which 
 was finally clone in the way the Gazette sets forth, thus 
 confirming by the testimony of the Sovereign all those 
 honours which the public had heaped upon him with 
 such unanimous approbation. 
 
 The Duke of Marlborough, Prince Ferdinand, Sir 
 Edward Hawke, &c, &c, did not disdain to receive 
 pecuniary and honorary rewards for their services, per- 
 haps of a very inferior kind to the deserts of Mr. Pitt, 
 and I think he would have been the most insolent, 
 factious, and ungrateful man living to the King, had he 
 waived ah offer of this sort, which binds him to nothing, 
 but to love and to honour His Majesty. 
 
 The cause of his quitting the Ministry was from a 
 difference of opinion in a capital measure relative to
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 405 
 
 Spain, as you know ; the favourite united with the 
 Minister of numbers 1 , bore down the Minister of mea- 
 sures, and by that means in effect removed him from the 
 King's Council, and deprived him of the means of 
 further serving the public. A time will come, I trust, 
 when these matters will be fully explained to both 
 Houses of Parliament. 
 
 He is as much a free man as myself. I think that is 
 pretty sufficient, and what fools must they be who cannot 
 read and understand his resignation, attended with the 
 very broad comment of Jemmy's 2 and mine. Good 
 night, and believe me most truly yours, &c. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, October 22, 1701. 
 Dear Sir, — I am sorry it is not in my power to dine 
 with you to day; Lord Harcourt, who has just come to 
 town, has sent me word that he will cat a mutton chop 
 with me, as he is to go very early to the Play with the 
 Queen ; but I will wait on you at any time between six 
 and eight this evening, if it is agreeable to you. 
 
 I just now read a dispatch from Lord Bristol, which 
 gave me the greatest pleasure : I think I see in it an 
 appearance of good humour and good faith, and an 
 overture made for terminating our disputes with Spain, 
 consistent both with our honour and interest. 
 
 I have, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 1 The Duke of Newcastle's great influence over certain members of 
 tin; House of Commons. 
 
 .1 ss Grenvilie, who bad resigned the Cofferership, and himself, 
 
 who had resigned the Privy Seal.
 
 406 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, October 22, 1761. 
 
 I shall ever be happy my good, though wicked 
 friend, if I can contribute in any way to the giving you 
 the least degree of satisfaction. Your generous and dis- 
 cerning spirit felt as it ought the indignity done to a 
 man who had deserved far other treatment from the 
 public, than to be condemned on bare suspicion, and 
 roiled in the kennel ; what amends is it afterwards most 
 graciously to declare him white as the snow on salmon ? 
 He was so before, and will, I trust, ever continue so. 
 The burgesses of our ancient and loyal corporation lite- 
 rally refused to drink his health last Wednesday at their 
 club; can your virtuous capital of Aylesbury hundred 
 brag of having shown an equal detestation of corrup- 
 tion ? 
 
 I am now very happy here at Stowe, and I think if 
 my little woman took as kindly to the country as I do, 
 I could find in my heart to part with my house in town, 
 and bid adieu for ever to all the infamy that flourishes 
 in more parts of our great metropolis than the hundreds 
 of Drury ; reserving to myself, however, the hopes of 
 seeing you sometimes here, and assuring you, which I 
 do very sincerely, that I am most truly, my dear Sir, 
 your ever faithfully affectionate and devoted Temple. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, October 29, 1761. 
 My dear Wilkes, — I have but just time to tell you 
 what I forgot to mention to you in my former letters,
 
 1761. GRENVILLE TAPERS. 407 
 
 and likewise at Stowe, namely a matter of no less im- 
 portance than that I gave your paper concerning Mr. 
 Letheuillier to Mr. Pitt, who with great pleasure pro- 
 mised to obey your commands. Many thanks for your 
 kind though short visit, and be assured of the hearty 
 good will and friendship of your faithfully obedient 
 
 Temple. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Hayes, Sunday, November 1, 1701. 
 
 Ardently impatient to embrace my dear Lord 
 Temple, I manfully combat the strong impulse, 'till the 
 great and important day, big with the fate of a Speaker, 
 &c, shall be passed. 
 
 On Wednesday noon I hope to see your Lordship, nor 
 do Lady Chatham's ' hopes yield to mine ; and perhaps 
 we shall return back to our village that day ; but of 
 these resolves we will, if you please, discourse at large 
 when we meet. 
 
 I conclude the first week will be given to forms and 
 swearing, and that the King's Speech will not come 'till 
 the following week ; but I forbear these deep mysteries 
 of State : my Horace, with whom I now renew acquaint- 
 ance, cries, — 
 
 " Quo Musa tendis? desinc, pervicax, 
 Seruiones referre Deoruui." 
 
 As to the rest, my dear Lord, Lady Chatham and the 
 little colony are well, except that I have some cold and 
 
 1 Lady Hester Pitt bad been created Baroness Chatham, with re- 
 mainder to ; male, ou the Uth of October.
 
 408 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 a small inflammation in my eye. So ends the rural 
 ledger of Hayes. I am ever, my dear Lord Temple's 
 most affectionate and devoted brother, W. Pitt. 
 
 Pray tender our loves to Lady Temple. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. JAMES GRENVILLE. 
 
 (November 3, 1761). 
 
 I rejoice, my dear Jemmy, to hear that you have at 
 least rested well last night, or rather this morning. 
 
 I must desire your kind acceptance of a bond which 
 I shall forthwith order to be drawn, charging my estate 
 with the sum of 5000/., to be paid at my decease in 
 equal portions to your two amiable sons, and oblige 
 myself in the mean time annually to pay to each of them 
 the sum of one hundred pounds. 
 
 Thus far to have done without the power of revoca- 
 tion during my life, will be a sincere pleasure to me ; and 
 I long by this act to show how much I value your noble, 
 disinterested, and affectionate conduct, towards your 
 truly loving brother Temple. 
 
 MR. JAMES GRENVILLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 November 3, 176 L. 
 How can I express, my dearest brother, the content 
 and satisfaction of my mind in finding that the part 
 which I take meets with your most affectionate approba- 
 tion. I have no need of additional proofs of your 
 friendship to make me love you, or to bind me for ever, 
 as long as life lasts, or longer if possible, to you. I
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 409 
 
 will be bold enough to say that I am attached to your 
 spirit and virtues more than to your fortunes. 
 
 My heart is full of gratitude and acknowledgment to 
 you for the noble and generous offer which you make in 
 the instance of my children, of showing your goodness 
 to me. At the same time permit me to decline that 
 part of it which puts it out of your power and mine to 
 recall it, if they or I should not prove to deserve it. 
 
 As for myself, if an unalterable esteem and love for 
 your person, and a detestation of a base conduct ' can 
 merit anything, believe me no time nor conjuncture of 
 things can make me change. I accept therefore with 
 infinite thanks, of what you propose, except in that part 
 which I have mentioned, and which I again entreat you 
 to waive. Give my most sincere love to your good little 
 woman, and believe me to be ever most affectionately 
 vours. J. Grenville. 
 
 [THE FOLLOWING NARRATIVE, in Mrs. Grenville's hand- 
 writing, ends with the date of November 9th, 1701, and may there- 
 fore be placed here, although it appears to have been written at a 
 subsequent time.] 
 
 On Saturday the 3rd of October, 17 61 , an express 
 arrived at Wotton at two o'clock in the morning, which 
 brought a letter to Mr. Grenville from Mr. Jcnkinson 
 (Secretary to Lord Bute), wrote by Lord Bute's order, 
 and sent by the King's command, to acquaint Mr. 
 Grenville that Mr. Pitt had declared his resolution in 
 
 1 James Grenville, and hi;s brother, Lord Temple, were now liiltcr 
 in their resentment against George Grenville, for having adhered to 
 
 I .('1(1 Blltc
 
 410 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 Council the preceding day, upon the refusal to commence 
 hostilities against Spain, to resign, and to desire him 
 (Mr. Grenville) to come to London with all possible 
 expedition. He set out at four o'clock in the morning, 
 and between Amersham and Chalfont met Lord Temple, 
 who was coming from London. 
 
 Mr. Grenville stopped the chaises, got into Lord 
 Temple's, and told his Lordship he was very sorry for 
 the news he heard, and that he was sent for to town in 
 consequence of it by the King's command. Lord Temple 
 told him what had passed in the Council relating to 
 the War with Spain, and upon which his Lordship and 
 Mr. Pitt had determined to resign. Mr. Grenville said 
 that supposing Mr. Pitt being the hand to execute, 
 thought he had reason to withdraw, and which, as no 
 orders were to be given, Mr. Grenville could not think 
 necessary, said Lord Temple did not stand in the same 
 case, and asked if he had any particular cause of com- 
 plaint against any of the minority personally to himself, 
 that if he had, he (Mr. Grenville) would adopt it to 
 the utmost ; he said no, on the contrary, he believed 
 they would use him well enough, but that he thought 
 he could not, while he held the Privy Seal, withdraw 
 from Council, and he was determined to go there no 
 more ; that he came out of town to avoid talking with 
 anybody upon the subject; that the measure singly 
 regarded Mr. Pitt and himself; that he did not see an- 
 other person in the kingdom who ought to resign for the 
 same cause ; that he himself would not have resigned 
 but from the peculiarity of his situation, and that he was 
 going to write to this effect to Mr. James Grenville as 
 soon as he got to Stowe, and desire he would on no account 
 think of leaving the office he then held. Mr. Grenville
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 411 
 
 told him he had been sent for up to town ; he desired he 
 would go and do whatever he thought best for himself, 
 and again repeated that he saw no other person in the 
 kingdom that ought to resign upon that measure except 
 Mr. Pitt and himself. 
 
 When Mr. Grenville came to town Lord Bute opened 
 to him the Kind's intention of giving- the seals to him, 
 which Mr. Grenville absolutely declined, though 
 earnestly pressed to it by Lord Bute from the King, by 
 every argument that could be suggested, and afterwards 
 by Lord Egremont, but he remained firm in his deter- 
 mination. 
 
 Mr. Pitt was not in town when Mr. Grenville came ; 
 I13 came on the Monday following. Mr. Grenville went 
 to see him ; the visit passed civilly, though Mr. Gren- 
 ville differed from him in opinion as to the measure 
 concerning Spain, and his intended resignation. He 
 returned the visit after he had given up the seals, spoke 
 with great decency and gratitude of the King ; and 
 upon Mr. Grenville's saying he was glad to hear His 
 Majesty intended him a mark of his favour, Mr. Pitt 
 assented to it, but said it did not become him to point 
 out what it should be. Mr. Grenville said he saw no 
 impropriety in it if there was anything particular he 
 wished. 
 
 The seals were given to Lord Egremont at Mr. 
 Grenville's recommendation, and the King expressed 
 his earnest desire to Mr. Grenville that though he had 
 declined the seals, he should give up the thoughts of being 
 Speaker 1 , wishing for the good of his Government that 
 
 1 In the conversation Mr. Grenville had with the King in the 
 spring, 1761, upon th< t, of being Speaker, the King repeatedly 
 
 told him he wished to see him in another situation, and that His
 
 412 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 Mr. Grenville should carry on His Majesty's business 
 in the House of Commons. Mr. Grenville made a 
 stand against this proposition, earnestly desiring His 
 Majesty would allow him to go into the Chair, which 
 situation was on many accounts far the most eligible to 
 him ; he stated the disjointed situation of the Ministry, 
 his own want of support, the danger His Majesty ran of 
 being obliged to abandon a faithful servant whom he 
 would leave in the midst of his enemies, and by that 
 means deprive of the power of being useful to him. 
 
 Lord Bute, to obviate these objections, sent a letter 
 to Mr. Grenville by Mr. Elliot 1 , laying down a plan of 
 his future conduct, giving Mr. Grenville the fullest 
 assurances of the King's support of him through all 
 difficulties, saying the King put the whole upon it; 
 " that Mr. Grenville's honour was the King's honour, 
 his disgrace would be the King's disgrace." Mr. 
 Elliot showed him this letter, but said he had orders 
 from Lord Bute to bring it back again to him, which he 
 did.; but Mr. Grenville made Mrs. Grenville set down 
 the heads of it immediately, which he repeated to her. 
 Mr. Grenville obeyed the King's commands, and con- 
 sented to take the lead in the House of Commons, con- 
 tinuing Treasurer of the Navy and Cabinet Councillor, 
 and upon Mr. Prowse declining it, Sir John Cust was 
 determined upon for Speaker. 
 
 When Lord Bute told Mr. Grenville of Mr. Pitt's 
 resignation, Mr. Grenville mentioned what he appre- 
 hended to be the distressed state of his private affairs, 
 
 Majesty only lent him to the public, trusting that whenever the King 
 should think his service required it, Mr. Grenville should leave the 
 Chair. Mr. Grenville assured His Majesty he would, and related these 
 particulars to Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt. — Note by Mr, Grenville. 
 1 See ante, p. 395.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 413 
 
 and as much as possible forwarded Lord Bute's disposi- 
 tion to recommend to the King to give him a mark of 
 favour. 
 
 Mr. Elliot was the person who transacted it with Mr. 
 Pitt, and he several times pressed him to declare what 
 was the particular thing he wished : the government of 
 Canada, or the Chancellor of the Duchv, were offered 
 and declined. 
 
 He then named the peerage, and the fund for the 
 annuity, to avoid its being a pension upon Ireland, and 
 earnestly pressed the peerage for Lady Chatham, not- 
 withstanding- what he had before said on that head to 
 Mr. Grenville. The King was with great difficulty 
 brought to consent to this, though Mr. Pitt states it as 
 His Majesty's own spontaneous act. When Mr. Pitt 
 went into the Closet to resign the Seals, he was so 
 struck with the King's goodness to him that he burst 
 into tears, wished to remain a private man unrewarded, 
 that his future conduct of dutv and lovaltv might mark 
 his gratitude to his Sovereign. 
 
 Letters passed between Lord Bute and Mr. Pitt upon 
 the subject of the pension and peerage, and were carried 
 by Mr. Elliot 1 . 
 
 1 They are printed in the Chatham Correspondence, and certainly 
 do not display any " earnest pressing " on the part of Mr. Pitt, or any 
 " great difficulty " on the part of the King. It would rather appear to 
 be, as Mr. Pitt stated, " His Majesty's own spontaneous act." The 
 Peerage was scarcely solicited : it is only thus very indistinctly alluded 
 to in one of Mr. Pitt's letters to Lord Bute : — " Too proud to receive 
 any mark of the King's countenance and favour, hut. above all, doubly 
 happy could I sec those dearer to me than myself comprehended in 
 that monument of Pioyal approbation and goodness with which His 
 Majesty shall condescend to distinguish me." And Lord Bute replies: — 
 " Having received the King's commands to consider of the most 
 becoming method of carrying his intentions into execution, T have lost 
 no time in my researches. The Rnglish Civil List would by no means
 
 414 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 It was no secret from any one at that time that Mr. 
 Grcnville had, from a delicacy of mind, refused the vacant 
 seals ; but notwithstanding tliat, Mr. Pitt never said 
 one word relative to his own situation, nor made the 
 least enquiry whether or no he continued his resolution 
 of going into the Speaker's chair. 
 
 Lord Granville informed Mr. Pitt of Mr. Grenville's 
 refusing the seals. 
 
 Lord Temple came to town on Thursday the 8th of 
 October, and resigned some days after Mr. Pitt. Mr. 
 Grcnville went immediately to call upon him, and 
 repeated his visits frequently for a long time, 'till he 
 was informed Lord Temple had given directions never 
 to let him in ; he was therefore never admitted to see 
 him, nor has ever exchanged one word with him since. 
 
 Mr. James Grenville resigned his office of Cofferer 
 soon after. Mr. Grenville went to see him and was let 
 in j he found Mr. Elliot there; but Mr. James's beha- 
 viour was so very rude and offensive that he went away 
 immediately, and took Mr. Elliot w r ith him. 
 
 The arguments chiefly used to Mr. Grenville to induce 
 him to engage in the management of the King's busi- 
 ness, was to prevent the seeming danger of the power 
 falling into Mr. Fox's hands, whose party was then 
 very powerful ; he was therefore called upon to resist 
 him; but in a conversation with Lord Bute, in which 
 
 answer : the Irish had objections : one thing only remained, that 
 could possibly serve the King's generous purpose. This His Majesty 
 approves of, and has directed rne accordingly to acquaint you, that as 
 you declined accepting any office, His Majesty will confer the dignity 
 of peerage on Lady Hester Pitt, to descend, through her Ladyship, to 
 your sons, with a grant of three thousand pounds per annum, on the 
 Plantation duties, to yourself and any two other lives you shall name." 
 It might indeed be imagined that the Peerage was Lord Bute's 
 suggestion, and cheerfully responded to by the King.
 
 17C1. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 415 
 
 Mr. Fox was mentioned, Lord Bute took occasion to 
 desire Mr. Grenville never to name Mr. Fox's name to 
 the King. This conversation happened upon Lord mA'iil 
 Bute's telling Mr. Grenville that M. Fox had sent to ,\l^ ^ 
 acquaint his Lordship that he was ready to take a part /r,\ \\J* 
 or not in puhlic business, according as Mr. Grenville * (. ** i/ 1 
 should wish and think best for the King's service. Mr. *V <^jw 
 Grenville told his Lordship that he had no personal \\i^ k !r 
 hatred to anv man, but thai he could have no intercourse ^ 
 of business with Mr. Fox, and did not think it con- 
 sistent with his opinions to concert any measures with 
 him, and that he meant to say so to His Majesty; upon 
 which Lord Bute desired him not to mention him to the 
 King, who was already so exasperated against him that 
 it would alarm his mind to hear that any such proposi- 
 tion had been made. 
 
 The King and Queen went to Guildhall to dine with 
 the Lord Mayor (Sir Samuel Fludyer) '. 
 
 The Privy Councillors met at Whitehall, where Mr. 
 Grenville seeing Lord Temple, asked him how he did ; 
 but Lord Temple turned his back upon him. 
 
 Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt went to Guildhall in Mr. 
 Pitt's chariot. Mobs were hired by Alderman Beck- 
 ford, and posted in different parts, to huzza and clap 
 them as they passed along the streets ; they were clapped 
 as they came into the Hall ; and when they went out, and 
 during the procession, an acclamation was contrived of 
 these hirelings just before the balcony where the King 
 and Queen were sitting (at the Quaker's in Cheapside), 
 as the chariot passed by. 
 
 1 On Lord Majors-day.
 
 416 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1761. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Wednesday, near 12, November (11), 1761. 
 
 Dear George, — I have but just received the Duke of 
 Newcastle's answer, the words are these : Lord Hard- 
 wicke is now here, and though he and I see no reason 
 to alter the opinion we gave, we have not any thought 
 of putting a negative upon that which shall be advised 
 by the gentlemen who are to meet to-morrow at Mr. 
 Grenvitte's 1 . 
 
 I have added my brother, believing you would wish 
 him with you, hut don't confine yourself to this list ; it 
 occurs to me that Mr. Stanley may take it ill if Lord 
 Villiers is sent to and not him, but of that you are the 
 best judge. I am, dear George, with great affection, 
 
 vours, &c. Bute. 
 
 THE EARL OP BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (November 12, 1701) Thursday night 2 . 
 Dear George, — I am extremely concerned that in an 
 affair of such delicacy the whole must be cast upon the 
 King ; not hut I see through this, and observe very 
 plainly that I shall be presently reported to have taken 
 on me to resist the opinions of the whole Cabinet, and 
 when this comes into the House of Lords (as it cer- 
 tainly must if the paper is given), I shall be feebly sup- 
 
 1 Probably to discuss the terms of the Address proposed to be 
 moved in reply to the King's Speech. 
 
 2 This letter appears to be in anticipation of a demand for papers 
 relative to Spain, to be made on the following day in the House of 
 Commons, on moving the Address. Although much was said about 
 the Spanish question, yet no definite motion was made, and the Address 
 passed without a negative.
 
 1761. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 417 
 
 ported, perhaps not at all. In this case I wish extremely 
 to gain time, and therefore submit to your better judg- 
 ment and experience in these matters, whether those 
 who talk of an intention to move for papers mav not be 
 answered, that whenever that motion is made, and the 
 reasons given for it, the propriety of an Address for 
 such a paper or papers will be considered. 
 
 This will give us the opportunity I wish, to bring us 
 nearer together. 
 
 I do own I look on this demand for papers in the 
 light of procuring materials in order to try the cause 
 between the King and his late Secretary, and therefore 
 if the precis of Wall should be granted, I have no con- 
 ception of not carrying it through, with a spirited 
 Address in justification of the King's measure, though 
 couched in terms neither to give Spain umbrage or to 
 encourage their insolence ; this is all I have to trouble 
 you with on this subject, heartily lamenting that in our 
 first consultation the King is to feel the same differences 
 of opinion he has been pestered with so long. I will be 
 early at Court, and I am, my dear George, with the 
 greatest regard, &c, &c. Bute. 
 
 COUNTESS TEMPLE TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 November 10, 1761. 
 
 My dearest Lord, — I am very glad to hear you come 
 back on Monday, for you have had disagreeable weather. 
 I shall go to the Coronation at Covent Garden that 
 night, so if you like to go, I shall keep a place for you. 
 I can send you no news ; there has been many things 
 wrote upon that inexhaustible subject the late resigna- 
 
 VOL. I. E E
 
 418 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 tipn since you left us ; the great man's letter and his 
 friend in the City's answer 1 is put into verse ridiculously 
 enough. I have taken some verses out of Owen's 
 Weekly Chronicle, which, I am sure, you can't have seen. 
 
 " No letters more full or expressive can be, 
 Than once so respectable W. P. 
 
 The first stands for Wisdom, War, Wonder, and Wit, 
 The last points out Peerage, and Pension, and Pitt." 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (December 10, 1761) 45 m past 11. 
 Dear George, — Millions of Congratulations upon 
 your very great, very able, and manly performance' 2 : 
 this w r ill do, my dear friend, and shows you to the world 
 in the light I want, and as you deserve. Could you call 
 on me for half an hour ? I am a little out of order, and 
 I shall take the air, and I much wish to see you before 
 I go. I am ever, my dear George, most affectionately 
 vours, &c. Bute. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Saturday, near 12 (January 9, 1762). 
 
 Dear George, — I have this minute received your let- 
 ter, and I can only say that if it depends on me to give 
 the Dean of Exeter 3 effectual assistance, your wishes 
 
 1 Mr. Pitt's letter to Beckford. Horace Walpole says that the 
 versification was done by Francis, a clergyman attached to Lord 
 Holland. 
 
 1 His speech the day before in the House of Commons on the 
 German War. 
 
 1 Dr. Charles Lyttelton, Dean of Exeter; upon Mr. Grenville's 
 recommendation he was made Bishop of Carlisle.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 419 
 
 will be answered : your recommendation must have great 
 weight with me, and in this case the very respectable 
 character of the Dean, and the regard I have for his 
 family, would plead strongly with me, though you had 
 been silent ; but my former disputes with the Duke of 
 Newcastle on Church dignities, and the humour his 
 Grace is in at present, makes it unsafe for me to pro- 
 mise, who am used to look upon my word once given as 
 a serious thing: I had my eye on the Dean of Exeter, 
 very early in this reign, merely from the favourable de- 
 scription I had received of him, and was at that time 
 forced to give way to a person of a different character ; 
 following, for the safety of Government, a maxim I 
 abhor, that of doing amiss, that good may come of it. 
 There is no part of my situation arising from the King's 
 partiality to me that I prize more than ecclesiastical 
 patronage, not for the sake of making friends or forming 
 party, but from conviction that a proper choice of the 
 clergy, especially of those in the higher preferments, is 
 rendering to my King and country a most essential ser- 
 vice : how far the retrospect of these fifteen months past 
 affords me matter of comfort in this particular, I leave 
 you to judge : I have at this instant a dozen letters be- 
 fore me on Hayter's 1 death, and yet could I decide, few, 
 very few indeed, would demand an answer. Adieu, my 
 dear George. Believe me, with the greatest regard, 
 most affectionately yours, &c. Bute. 
 
 1 Dr. Osbaldiston, the Bishop of Carlisle, succeeded Hayter in the 
 See of London. 
 
 E E 2 
 
 r
 
 420 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Past 4 (January 11, 1762). 
 Lord Bute's compliments attend Mr. Grenville ; he 
 had not an opportunity of telling him that he mentioned 
 the Dean of Exeter to the Duke of Newcastle, who 
 seemed pretty well satisfied, and owned Lord Hardwicke 
 would be pleased with it, so that he is now at liberty to 
 assure him that he will propose him to-morrow for one 
 of the Sees that shall become vacant. 
 
 MR. JENKINSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, April 10, 1762. 
 Dear Sir, — When my servant returned yesterday I 
 was surprised to hear that you was getting into your 
 coach to go out of town. It gave me, however, pleasure 
 in this respect, that it was a proof your health was better 
 than it had been for two or three days before. I meant 
 to have called on you that morning, but was prevented 
 by a mail and messenger that arrived. The despatches 
 from Petersburg carry a bad aspect with them in two 
 respects. 1st, It appears that the Emperor 1 is totally 
 Prussian, and is absolutely in the power of the Court 
 of Berlin, so that we shall have no more influence 
 with him than what will arise from our connection with 
 His Prussian Majesty, and in proportion as we are 
 
 1 Peter the Third had succeeded to the throne on the death of his 
 aunt, the Empress Elizabeth, who died on the 5th of January. After 
 a reign of about six months, he was dethroned and murdered. His 
 wife became Empress under the name of Catherine the Second.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 421 
 
 friends to him. On the other hand, the Emperor stands 
 alone in this opinion : the Empress and the Chancellor, 
 and not only they, but even the Mistress and the Fa- 
 vourites, are of different opinion, and though not Aus- 
 trians, they are not so warm friends of His Prussian 
 Majesty as the Emperor. 
 
 The Emperor has refused to let Wroughton be pre- 
 sented to him, or to accept his credentials. 
 
 Wroughton charges Keith 1 with being the cause of 
 this, who abides by the Emperor's clique, and seems 
 too ready to support the Prussian system. 
 
 Keith has asked leave to come home. The Kino; of 
 Prussia is more angry with us than ever, and he abuses 
 his Ministers here in the grossest terms, saying they 
 have betrayed him, and sold himself to England 2 . 
 There is no Treaty as yet signed between him and 
 the Emperor. France is very much affected with the 
 news of the loss of Martinique. This is in general 
 the whole of the news we have received by this mail. 
 The letters from Lisbon of the 29th, which were re- 
 ceived yesterday, represent that the Spaniards will soon 
 
 1 Mr. Keith and Mr. Wroughton, British Ministers at the Court of 
 Petersburg. 
 
 - The following note from the King of Prussia to his Ministers, 
 Messrs. Knyphausen and Michell, is copied by Mr. Grenville from the 
 original in the King's handwriting: — 
 
 " Breslau, March 25, 1762. 
 
 " Je crois Messieurs que vous etes les Comis de But ; il paroit que 
 vous n'etes pas Prussiens. 
 
 " Votre pere Knyphausen, avoit pris de V argent de la France et de 
 I' Angleterre, pourquoi il fut chasse. Vous auroit il legue cette 
 coutume en heritage? F." 
 
 It is not stated in what manner this note came to the hands of Mr. 
 
 Grenville. It could not have been communicated by the lvussian 
 
 Ministers, and therefore we must suppose either that it was intercepted 
 
 it the PobI Office, or by .some other stratagem copied before it arrived 
 
 at its destination
 
 422 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 begin to act. Tyrawly 1 has as much mauvaise plaisan- 
 terie as ever; he thinks himself there in a very awkward 
 situation. 
 
 I saw Lord Egremont this evening, who looks very 
 well. Lord Bute desires me to present his compliments 
 to vou. I am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 [THE FOLLOWING NARRATIVE was probably intended to be 
 continued up to tbe time when Mr. Grenville was appointed 
 Secretary of State, in May, 1762, but the circumstances to which it 
 refers are not of later date than November, 1756, when he was 
 reappointed Treasurer of the Navy. The tone of animosity towards 
 Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple which pervades the whole statement, 
 leaves little doubt that it was written by Mr. Grenville after he had 
 become attached to Lord Bute's Administration.] 
 
 Wotton, April 12, 1762. 
 
 To recall to mind the circumstances and various 
 causes which have alienated the affection of mv brother 
 Lord Temple, and produced a breach between me and 
 that part of my family, is a disagreeable and painful 
 task, but the situation I am in makes it incumbent upon 
 me, however silent I may be upon the subject to the 
 public, to give an account of this transaction through 
 all its stages, that those who may be affected by it may 
 be enabled to judge of the injustice and cruelty I have 
 met with, and how little accountable I am for the con- 
 sequences that may attend it. 
 
 The rank and consideration our family has lately 
 risen to was originally owing to the strong affection 
 and unaltered friendship which my uncle Lord Cobham 
 bore to my mother : in consequence of this he procured 
 the honour to be entailed on her and her children, 
 
 Lord Tyrawly was Commander-in-Chief of the troops sent to 
 succour Portugal. He also acted as British Ambassador at Lisbon.
 
 1762. MR, GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 423 
 
 whom he took care of from their childhood, and almost 
 educated as his own, after my father's death, which 
 happened in February 1726, when Lord Temple and I 
 were at Eton. Lord Temple went abroad to finish his 
 education ; by Lord Cobham's advice I went to the 
 Temple, between which place and Stowe I passed all 
 my time. 
 
 At Lord Temple's return from abroad in 1733, he 
 found Lord Cobham just beginning to engage in opposi- 
 tion to the Court, and under his directions Lord 
 Lyttelton and Mr. William Pitt, whom Lord Lyttelton 
 had introduced some time before to Lord Cobham, and 
 afterwards to the Prince of Wales. At this period, 
 and in this manner, began the friendship and political 
 intercourse with Mr. Pitt, which has proved so fatal to 
 the peace and happiness of our family. 
 
 Soon after this, Lord Cobham and my mother were 
 desirous, from the distressed state of Lord Temple's 
 affairs, that he should marry, and to enable him to do 
 it to the highest advantage, Lord Cobham publicly de- 
 clared that he would settle his whole estate upon him, 
 which he accordingly did, upon his marriage with Mrs. 
 Anna Chamber, even to the exclusion of Lord 
 Cobham's children by a second marriage. 
 
 In the year 1742 I was brought into Parliament for 
 Buckingham by Lord Cobham. In 1743 Mr. William 
 Pitt differed with Lord Cobham and the Opposition 
 about sending the English troops abroad, a measure 
 which the former refused to oppose. In the end of the 
 year 1744 propositions were made to Lord Chester- 
 field, Lord Cobham, and Lord Govver, who treated for 
 the Opposition with that part of the Court that acted 
 with the Duke of Newcastle and Mr. Pelham. 
 
 In consequence of this several alterations were made ;
 
 424 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1702. 
 
 Mr. Pitt was proposed for Secretary-at-War, but re- 
 jected by the King; Lord Lyttelton came into the 
 Treasury. Lord Cobham proposed to me, who then 
 lived with Lord Temple, to come into the Admiralty. 
 As Mr. Pitt was not included in this arrangement, and 
 as I knew to what a degree his mind was indisposed 
 to Lord Cobham, I declined this offer, and earnestly 
 beoo-ed Lord Cobham to excuse me, the only reasons 
 
 DO » 
 
 for which were my friendship to Mr. Pitt, and my ap- 
 prehension of family uneasinesses. Lord Cobham per- 
 sisted in pressing, and I in declining it, of which I in- 
 formed both Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt, who earnestly 
 advised me to comply with it. Lord Cobham hav- 
 ing in the meantime complained bitterly to my mother 
 of my refusal, and engaged her to press me likewise 
 upon that subject, I at last accepted it. 
 
 The following year, 1745, though in office, I engaged 
 with Mr. Pitt and Lord Temple in opposing the mea- 
 sures of Government ; but a new arrangement taking 
 place, by which Mr. Pitt was made Vice-Treasurer of 
 Ireland, and Mr. James Grenville one of the Board of 
 Trade, and Mr. Winnington l dying the end of that 
 session, Mr. Pitt wrote strongly to Mr. Pelham to 
 solicit the office of Paymaster General. In this appli- 
 cation he succeeded, and from that time took the 
 strongest part with the Administration, and endea- 
 voured by all possible means to gain the confidence 
 of the remains of Sir Robert Walpole's party, for which 
 purpose he publicly disclaimed his former conduct. 
 This gave the last blow to all intercourse between Lord 
 Cobham and him. Having detached Mr. James Gren- 
 ville from Lord Cobham, he appointed him his Deputy 
 
 1 See a curious account of Mr. Wilmington's illness and deatli in a 
 letter to Sir Horace Mann. — Walpole Correspondence, vol. ii. p. 118.
 
 1762. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 425 
 
 Paymaster, which greatly irritated Lord Cobham, and 
 was the occasion of the mark of offence towards him in 
 Lord Cobham's will. 
 
 The rupture between Lord Cobham and Mr. Pitt 
 likewise produced great uneasiness and coldness from 
 Lord Cobham to Lord Temple and myself; for though 
 I was determined to preserve every mark of duty and 
 attachment to my uncle, to whom I was so much indebted, 
 I still supported Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt on every 
 occasion which his political conduct gave rise to, Lord 
 Cobham being restored to his regiment at that time, 
 and declining to take any public part whatsoever. 
 
 In July, 1746, an alteration was made in the Treasury 
 by the promotion of Mr. Fox and Mr. Arundel, in whose 
 room Mr. Legge and Mr. Campbell were appointed -, 
 the former was not in office, and Mr. Legge came into 
 the Admiralty after me, who from the time of my ap- 
 pointment had done the business of that Board in Par- 
 liament, in which Mr. Legge had taken little or no 
 share. I therefore considered this preferment over my 
 head as an affront, and determined to resign my office 
 in consequence of it. I applied to Mr. Pclham for that 
 purpose, being unwilling to involve Mr. Pitt, Lord Lyt- 
 telton, and my brothers in this dispute, as the former 
 was at that time endeavouring to get upon the best 
 terms with the Administration ; nor do I know or believe 
 that any of them took any part in it, except that I have 
 heard Lord Lyttelton, to accommodate this difficulty, 
 offered Mr. Pclham to accept a foreign commission, and 
 by that means to make another vacancy in the Treasury. 
 Mr. Pclham made many excuses to me upon this occasion, 
 and earnestly pr°ssed me to continue, assuring me 
 solemnly that 1 should be the next to go into the Trca-
 
 426 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 sury, and that neither of the gentlemen now preferred 
 should go out of it before me. At the same time that 
 these assurances were made to me, with which Mr. Pitt 
 and my family were acquainted, a proposition was set 
 on foot for providing for my brother Henry Grenville, 
 whose situation required it. The government of Bar- 
 badoes was mentioned by Mr. Pelham, and took effect 
 about two months after, bv the immediate recommenda- 
 tion of the Duke of Newcastle, in whose department 
 that office was. 
 
 These reasons induced me to acquiesce, and in the 
 month of June in the following year, upon the vacancy 
 made by the dismission of Lord Middlesex, 1 was ap- 
 pointed one of the Lords of the Treasury, without any 
 further difficulty or application. 
 
 During all this time I still continued giving my sup- 
 port to Mr. Pitt, notwithstanding the many public 
 proofs I received of his indifference, coldness, and slight 
 of every wish and opinion of mine, in the midst of the 
 nearest intercourse, and of the strongest professions of 
 friendship. Of this I will mention one instance, in 
 which Lord Lyttelton was equally concerned with me. 
 In the year 1748-9, the Bill for punishing Mutiny and 
 Desertion was warmly controverted in the House of 
 Commons, and every clause debated ; amongst others, a 
 proviso was offered in the Committee to prevent the 
 revision of a sentence by a Court Martial, after the party 
 was once legally acquitted. 
 
 This practice had been used, and the Duke of Cum- 
 berland's friends in the House of Commons determined 
 to abide by it and reject the proviso. When the 
 clause was proposed in the Committee it was rejected. 
 Mr. Pitt was absent from illness, and the question never
 
 1762. MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 427 
 
 having been agitated till the morning it was proposed, 
 his opinion was not known. Lord Lyttelton, Mr. 
 Campbell, and myself (then all three in the Treasury), 
 voted against Mr. Pelham for the proviso, with many 
 other persons in office, and as the rejection of it 
 made a great deal of noise, the Court thought it neces- 
 sary to bring in a clause themselves to restrain the revi- 
 sion to once only. When the report was made some 
 time after, Mr. Pitt came down to the House and made 
 a speech on purpose to declare his disapprobation of the 
 proviso that had been offered, and to treat with slight 
 the conscientious opinions of those who had voted for 
 it ; to which, however offensive it was, no reply was 
 made, either by Lord Lyttelton or myself. 
 
 Soon after this Mr. Dodington resigned the office 
 of Treasurer of the Navy, to which Mr. Legge was 
 appointed, notwithstanding the promise that had been 
 made to me by Mr. Pelham, that he should not go out 
 of the Treasury before me. I was sensible of this 
 breach of promise, but the situation Mr. Pitt was 
 then in must have occasioned a rupture with him, and 
 probably difficulties with my brothers (as none of them 
 expressed any readiness to support my pretensions), had 
 I asserted my claim at that time. 
 
 Thus I continued in the same office till Mr. Pelham's 
 death in 1754, giving what support I was able to those 
 who never gave any to me. 
 
 Lord Cobham died in 1749, and by his will marked 
 kindness to me, and no indisposition to Lord Temple. 
 
 During this whole period, I had cultivated with the 
 utmost care the highest degrees of friendship and affec- 
 tion with Lord Temple, though I had occasionally expe- 
 rienced many transitory coldnesses from him on account
 
 428 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 of a family uneasiness subsisting between my mother 
 and him, upon occasion of my sister, Lady Hester, who 
 complained of being less kindly treated by him than 
 she thought she deserved. The affection I had borne 
 to her from her childhood made me desirous, if possi- 
 ble, to do her every good office in my power, which some 
 were base enough to represent to Lord Temple as a 
 wish to divide the family, and to put myself at the head 
 of a party in it. 
 
 I should not have believed this possible, if my mother 
 had not informed me that Lord Temple himself had 
 told her so, which Lady Chatham very well knows to be 
 true, as well as the earnestness with which I have en- 
 deavoured to justify him to my mother, even at the 
 hazard of offending her, of which both Lord Temple 
 and Lady Chatham know she has given the most au- 
 thentic testimony, both to Lord Temple and Lady Chat- 
 ham. The earnest wish and purpose of her heart was 
 to see her family united in affection ; her only ambition 
 to see her family great in the person that should be at 
 the head of it. To these objects she sacrificed her 
 health, her time, and every other passion, and had re- 
 peatedly waived and given up every interest of her own, 
 trusting that the power and riches of the head of the 
 family would be the surest means to promote the welfare 
 of every branch of it. With this view the settlements 
 of the Wotton and Stowe estates were made, in which 
 so little consideration was had to the younger part of 
 the family. Lord Temple's marriage, and the settlement 
 made of both estates in consequence of it, furnished 
 an opportunity for securing them both in strict settle- 
 ment to every branch of her family, according to her 
 own wishes and Lord Cobham's declared intentions;
 
 1762. MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 429 
 
 and nothing prevented this but their firm reliance upon 
 the extraordinary zeal Lord Temple always showed for 
 his family, and their thorough persuasion that the par- 
 ticular affection he had for many years expressed for me 
 would never suffer him to do any act to my prejudice 
 for the defeating of that settlement which he knew she 
 earnestly wished to establish. As a proof of this, Lord 
 Cobham pointed out the same desire in his will, by 
 directing that the money which he left should be laid 
 out in the purchases of lands in the neighbourhood of 
 Stowe or Wotton, and my mother, in a letter delivered 
 to Lord Temple by Lady Chatham after her death, in 
 the most pressing and affectionate terms entreats him 
 never to separate the Wotton from the Stowe estate, 
 (which it had been the labour of her life to unite), 
 a copy of which letter was likewise delivered to me by 
 Lady Chatham, by my mother's directions. 
 
 In March, 1754, Mr. Pelham died. Mr. Pitt was 
 at this time at Bath extremely ill, and reported to be in 
 the utmost danger. Notwithstanding the intercourse 
 and intimate union that had been before between the 
 Duke of Newcastle and him, that intercourse and cor- 
 diality was diminished before Mr. Pelham's death. A 
 great degree of coldness had arisen between Mr. Pitt 
 and Sir George Lyttelton', of whose communication and 
 friendship with the Duke of Newcastle Mr. Pitt had 
 expressed much jealousy. In this situation the Duke 
 of Newcastle and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke applied 
 to Sir George Lvttelton to know the sentiments of Mr. 
 Pitt, Lord Temple, and myself, with regard to the 
 
 1 This statement is not consistent with the letters which passed 
 between Mr. Pitt and Sir George Lyttelton at this time. — See PhUli- 
 mores Memoirs and Correspondence of George, Lord Lyttelton.
 
 430 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 arrangements then to be taken; but Mr. Pitt by letter, 
 and Lord Temple and I by frequent declarations to Sir 
 George Lyttelton, desired to speak for ourselves when- 
 ever the occasion should require it. 
 
 No promotion was destined for Mr. Pitt upon this 
 occasion. The first intention was to make Mr. Fox 
 Secretary of State in the room of the Duke of Newcastle, 
 (made First Lord of the Treasury), and Mr. Legge 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer ; but a dispute arising be- 
 tween the Duke of Newcastle and Mr. Fox with regard 
 to the management of the House of Commons, Mr. Fox 
 declined the office, and Sir Thomas Robinson was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of State. 
 
 Sir George Lyttelton had pressed Lord Temple, with 
 whom he then lived in friendship, to know what he 
 desired ; but Lord Temple declining to give any answer, 
 Sir George Lyttelton informed the Duke of Newcastle 
 that he was satisfied his view was the Garter, and there- 
 fore no offer was made to him. 
 
 With regard to me, the Duke of Newcastle having 
 determined to have a new Board of Treasury, Mr. Camp- 
 bell, Sir George Lyttelton, and myself were to be other- 
 wise provided for ; the former was satisfied by a place 
 for life, in Scotland, given to his son, and the offices of 
 Cofferer and Treasurer of the Navy, in the room of Lord 
 Lincoln and Mr. Legge, were to be filled by Sir George 
 Lyttelton and me. This was notified to us but a day 
 or two before it was carried into execution, and was not 
 owing to any intervention from Mr. Pitt or Lord Temple, 
 both of whom, and especially the former, were dissatisfied 
 at the turn things took. Mr. Pitt, notwithstanding he was 
 so ill as to have been reported dead, wished to be Secre- 
 tary of State, and complained that Mr. Fox, Sir Thomas
 
 1762. MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 431 
 
 Robinson, and Mr. Legge, had all been put over his 
 head. 
 
 The dispute which Mr. Fox had with the Duke of 
 Newcastle had produced ill blood between them, and 
 Mr. Pitt and Mr. Fox both agreed in resisting the Duke 
 of Newcastle's plan of governing the House of Com- 
 mons. This brought them nearer together, and in some 
 degree united their interests for the present against the 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 At the opening of the new Parliament, in November, 
 1754, they both attacked Sir Thomas Robinson, and 
 many occasions were taken to mark their discontent. 
 Lord Temple was in the same system, but Sir George 
 Lyttelton declined taking any part in it, which aug- 
 mented the former coldness and indisposition towards 
 him. 
 
 I joined with them, and gave them all the assistance 
 I was able in the House of Commons, though I had 
 personally no complaint, and in private dissuaded Mr. 
 Pitt (who had just married Lady Hester) from pushing 
 things to extremities. I did this from opinion, as there 
 was then no measure on foot to oppose, and from a con- 
 sideration of Mr. Pitt's circumstances, whose marriage 
 with my sister, out of mere affection to both, I had 
 facilitated to the utmost of my power, the whole trans- 
 action having been carried on while my sister lived in 
 the house with us, which she did every summer till her 
 
 marriage. 
 
 There was no consideration of fortune to induce me 
 to consent to this union, neither did I do it with any poli- 
 tical view. I had never derived the least advantage to 
 myself from my intercourse with Mr. Pitt, neither did 
 I expect it in this instance; but I own I did not imagine
 
 432 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 that my behaviour upon this occasion was to bring an 
 enemy instead of a friend into our family, and to alien- 
 ate the affections of a sister, who, I believe, will not 
 deny that I had every merit of uninterrupted love and 
 attachment to her. 
 
 But to return again to the public situation : — To- 
 wards the end of the session of Parliament of the vear 
 1754-5, Mr. Fox, then Secretary at War, was appointed 
 of the Cabinet Council, notwithstanding which he ex- 
 pressed the most earnest desire to continue his commu- 
 nication with Mr. Pitt and his friends, professing that 
 his views and ideas were still the same. But this dis- 
 tinction in their situation determined Mr. Pitt to put an 
 end to the intercourse that had subsisted between them, 
 which he did by an explanation with Mr. Fox at Lord 
 Hillsborough's, in which he told him that the road they 
 travel was so different, it was impossible for them to go 
 on together, but that he should be very glad to meet him 
 at their journey's end. Thus we continued at variance 
 with the Administration, though still in office, and by 
 this explanation detached from the Duke of Cumber- 
 land and Mr. Fox ; after which, in a very short time, 
 a new scene was opened, by a message delivered by Sir 
 Richard Lyttelton to Mr. Pitt and us, communicated to 
 Sir Richard through the channel of Lord Bute from 
 the Princess of Wales, desiring to know the state of our 
 connection with the Duke of Cumberland and Mr. Fox, 
 and whether we were at liberty to enter into the closest 
 engagement with Leicester House. 
 
 The answer given to this message, and the immediate 
 acceptance of the offer contained in it, produced several 
 interviews with Lord Bute, and in consequence of them, 
 two at his house between the Princess of Wales and Mr.
 
 1762. MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 433 
 
 Pitt, where the assurances of her protection and support 
 were repeated in the strongest manner. 
 
 That Court had been unkindly and harshly treated 
 by the King, and conceived great umbrage at the power 
 and authority of the Duke of Cumberland : these dis- 
 positions, which bore so great a resemblance to those 
 we were in, soon formed our union with Lord Bute, under 
 that part of the Royal family. 
 
 The marks of favour were given in the most public 
 manner, and our attachment as publicly avowed. A 
 party began to form itself under that standard, and Mr. 
 Pitt's talents and rank in the House of Commons gave 
 him the ascendancy in the measures to be pursued. An 
 occasion for opposition presented itself at the same time, 
 which he immediately resolved to embrace. 
 
 The war between Great Britain and France being just 
 begun upon the subject of our American disputes, the 
 Administration determined if possible to strengthen 
 themselves upon the continent of Europe, partly with a 
 view to secure the Electoral dominions, and partly from 
 that principle which had always actuated the late King's 
 councils of carrying on the war against France by land, 
 in Flanders, or in Germany. 
 
 For this purpose, attempts were made to bring the 
 House of Austria and the Republic of Holland into the 
 quarrel, and two subsidiary treaties were entered into 
 with the Landgrave of Hesse and the Empress of Rus- 
 sia, upon the former of which a sum of money was issued 
 in the course of the summer. 
 
 Mr. Legge, soon after his appointment to the office 
 of Chancellor of the Exchequer, had met with many 
 mortifications, which rendered his situation neither cre- 
 ditable nor agreeable to him. Towards the beginning 
 
 VOL. I. F F
 
 434 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 of the summer they broke out, and upon this occasion 
 he refused to sign the warrant for that issue, and con- 
 nected himself with Mr. Pitt, who introduced him to 
 Lord Bute, and recommended him in the strongest 
 terms to Leicester House, as the person the fittest to 
 put at the head of the revenue, as Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, in the future reign. 
 
 I had always lived upon good terms with Mr. Legge 
 long before Mr. Pitt's acquaintance with him, and still 
 continued to do so ; but this destination made by Mr. 
 Pitt in favour of a new acquaintance, without my know- 
 ledge or participation, though he could not forget what 
 had passed not long before, upon the promotion of that 
 gentleman over my head, was so contrary to those re- 
 peated professions of his wishes to see me at the head 
 of the House of Commons, that it gave me a proof how 
 little reason I had to depend upon them. 
 
 At the opening of the ensuing session, Mr. Fox was 
 appointed Secretary of State, in the room of Sir Thomas 
 Robinson. 
 
 Upon the Address in answer to the King's Speech, 
 the opposition to these treaties, as the beginning of a 
 continental war, began in a warm debate, which lasted 
 till five o'clock next morning. We all took our parts in 
 it, though upon plans a little different. 
 
 Mr. Pitt attacked the Ministers personally, as well 
 as the measure of the German war : I confined myself 
 to the measure only. 
 
 On the 20th of November, we were all turned out 
 by letters from Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 Sir George Lyttelton (who before this time was 
 entirely broke from Mr. Pitt, and publicly complained 
 of the usage he had received from him,) accepted the
 
 1762. MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 435 
 
 office of Chancellor of the Exchequer in the room of 
 Mr. Legge. Upon this principle of resisting the war 
 in Germany, in which we were supported by Leicester 
 House and joined by the Tories, our opposition con- 
 tinued during the remainder of the session ; in the 
 course of which Mr. Pitt took occasion to arraign Lady 
 Yarmouth very strongly (in terms that could not possibly 
 be mistaken) for the sale of offices, honours, &c. The 
 loss of Minorca, which happened soon after the rising 
 of the Parliament, and the unaccountable neglioence 
 to which it was owing, produced a universal discontent. 
 
 The Ministry, and particularly the Duke of New- 
 castle and Mr. Fox, who, from a jealousy of power, 
 from the time of their coming together, had been 
 divided amongst themselves, threw the blame alter- 
 nately on each other, while the public voice blamed 
 them all. However, though they could agree in no- 
 thing else, seeing the danger at last, they agreed in 
 throwing the whole on Admiral Byng, whose life paid 
 the forfeit of it. The national clamour and dissatisfac- 
 tion rose so high on the one hand, and the intestine 
 dissensions among the principal members of the Ad- 
 ministration increased so much on the other, that it 
 was easy to foresee some change in the Government 
 would in all probability be the consequence of it. 
 
 In the autumn of the year 1756, Mr. Pitt, by the 
 means of Dr. Wilmot 1 , opened a correspondence with 
 Lady Yarmouth, with whom he had an interview, and a 
 great deal of conversation upon the state of the kingdom : 
 the King saw the necessity of making some alteration in 
 
 1 Afterwards Sir Edward Wilmot, an eminent physician, much in 
 the confidence of George the Second. He died in 1786, at the age of 
 ninety-three. 
 
 ff2
 
 436 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 the Ministry, which Lady Yarmouth expressed very fully, 
 but Mr. Pitt refusing- to come in if the Duke of New- 
 castle continued in office, or to engage to cover his re- 
 treat, this interview ended for the present without any 
 farther effect than a general explanation of Mr. Pitt's 
 views and intentions. 
 
 On the 16th of October, Mr. Pitt received an invita- 
 tion to meet Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, which he 
 consented to. 
 
 On the 17th of October he informed Lord Temple 
 and me by letter of his resolution to go to this conference, 
 determined to declare that he would not act with the 
 Duke of Newcastle, nor promise to secure his retreat, 
 and desired us to come to town to give him the meeting 
 on the evening of the day appointed for it (Tuesday 
 the 19th) ; he likewise mentions in his letter his intention 
 not to inform Lord Bute of it, 'till after it was over. We 
 met him at Sir Richard Lyttelton's at the time ap- 
 pointed, when he reported to us the sum of what had 
 passed both with Lady Yarmouth 1 and Lord Hardwicke, 
 the negotiation breaking with both upon the same dif- 
 ficulty relative to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 In the course of this report he informed us that he 
 
 ! Lord Hardwicke, in a letter to his son, Lord Royston, giving an 
 account of the conference with Mr. Pitt, says also, " Mr. Pitt sent this 
 morning to my Lady Yarmouth, to desire leave to wait upon her. He 
 had that leave, and was with her a great while. Nohody knows what 
 he has said to her, except that he has made vast professions to the 
 King, and proposed to her Ladyship some sort of plan : hut whether 
 he has adhered to, or receded from what he said to me, she has not 
 said, for she would say nothing 'till she had related it to the King. I 
 understand he has flattered me hlack and blue, but if that be all it 
 
 passes for nothing What is most remarkable is, that 
 
 he had never been with my Lady Yarmouth before in his life." — 
 Harris's Life of Lord Hardwicke, vol. iii. p. 79.
 
 1762. MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 437 
 
 had stated me for the office of Paymaster, which was 
 then held by Lord Darlington and Lord Dupplin, and 
 that it was consented to without any difficulty. 
 
 I thanked him for his attention to me in this instance, 
 which I accepted with pleasure, but said I should have 
 been sorry that any pretensions of mine, however well 
 founded, should have been any obstacle in this trans- 
 action. 
 
 He answered me that he pretended to no merit, that 
 my rank in the House of Commons entitled me to the 
 step, which was admitted as a thing of course. 
 
 This report, and the conversation I have mentioned, 
 passed in the presence of Lord Temple, my brother 
 James Grenville, and Sir Richard Lyttelton. 
 
 Thus ended this negotiation for the present, and we 
 all returned into the country, where in a few days we 
 were informed, first of Mr. Fox's resignation, and then 
 of the Duke of Newcastle's. 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire was sent by the King to 
 renew the communication with Mr. Pitt and his friends ; 
 upon this we were again summoned to town, and Mr. 
 Pitt informed us of what he had settled with the Duke 
 of Devonshire, whom he had with difficulty persuaded 
 to obey the King's commands by accepting the office of 
 First Lord of the Treasury. 
 
 By this arrangement Mr. Pitt was to be Secretary of 
 State, Lord Temple First Lord of the Admiralty, with 
 the rest of the Board recommended by himself. Mr. 
 James Grenville was appointed a Lord of the Treasury, 
 and Mr.Legge, Chancellor of the Exchequer. Many other 
 preferments and alterations were made at the same time. 
 With regard to myself, when Mr. Pitt communicated to
 
 438 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 us what had passed between the Duke of Devonshire 
 and him, he informed me, to my great surprise, that my 
 name and that of Mr. Fox were put down jointly in the 
 paper writ by the Duke of Devonshire, for the two 
 offices of Paymaster and Treasurer of the Navy ; that 
 he had insisted on my destination for the Paymaster, but 
 that the Duke of Devonshire had earnestly pressed the 
 putting it down in that manner in the list of prefer- 
 ments made out by him. 
 
 From this shuffling account it was easy to foresee 
 what was intended, though it was not ventured to be 
 explained at that meeting. 
 
 In a few days after I heard, though not from Mr. 
 Pitt, but from my brothers, that Mr. Fox was to be 
 Pavmaster. 
 
 Mr. Pitt retired to Hayes, where I saw him but once 
 upon an invitation to us all to meet together in order to 
 consider whether Mr. Pitt should, at the hazard of 
 breaking the whole, not insist upon being appointed 
 Secretary to the Northern Department instead of the 
 Southern, which the King had refused his consent to. 
 
 Not one word passed at this meeting relative to myself, 
 nor did Mr. Pitt, however extraordinary it may appear, 
 ever speak to me again upon this subject. 
 
 In the mean time Mr. Pitt, being jealous of the con- 
 sequences of bringing Mr. Fox into that great office, 
 and Mr. Fox being offended at the declaration Mr. Pitt 
 had made to him of his resolution not to act with him 
 anv more than with the Duke of Newcastle, the latter 
 refused to take any office whatever, which stopped any 
 farther negotiation upon that head. Thus this office 
 became vacant a second time, but instead of carrying
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 439 
 
 into execution the appointment which had been so re- 
 peatedly made of it in my favour, it was now divided and 
 given to Lord Dupplin and Mr. Potter. 
 
 This was the more extraordinary as a very agreeable 
 provision might have been made for Mr. Potter, as 
 Treasurer of the Household in the room of Mr. Charles 
 Townshend, to whom the office of Treasurer of the 
 Navy, which was the declared object of his wishes, would 
 by this means have been opened ; nor would it have been 
 difficult to have accommodated the Duke of Newcastle's 
 friend Lord Dupplin, if that could be necessary, as w r as 
 afterwards proved when some time after Mr. Fox was 
 appointed Paymaster. 
 
 I have said before that Mr. Pitt never spoke to me 
 again upon this subject, for which his illness at Hayes, 
 where I saw him but twice during this transaction, was 
 the real or pretended excuse. 
 
 My two brothers were privy to all that had passed 
 upon this occasion ; to them I expressed my surprise 
 and dissatisfaction at a behaviour so contrary not only 
 to the friendship and alliance subsisting between us, but 
 to the enoacrcments of honour and good faith. 
 
 I cannot say that either of them interested themselves 
 at all in this complaint, or took any other part than to 
 use their utmost endeavours to persuade me to acquiesce 
 to it. 
 
 MR. JENKLNSON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 St. James's, April 13, 1763. 
 Dear Sir, — Though the news we have received 
 since I wrote last is not of any great importance, J. 
 cannot help troubling you with this letter.
 
 440 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 We received our Dutch mail on Monday. 
 
 The first accounts that were received in France of 
 the loss of Martinique was by the garrison of Fort 
 Royal, which some of our ships landed at Rochelle, the 
 latter end of last month. All their trading towns are 
 in the greatest alarm and consternation upon it : but 
 what is unfortunate, thev have accounts that Mons. 
 
 ' mi 
 
 Blenac's squadron, hearing at sea that Martinique was 
 gone, had changed its course and was gone for St. 
 Domingue. 
 
 A great many private accounts from Ireland give the 
 same intelligence of the riots that have happened there, 
 as you will see in the newspapers. It is, however, 
 singular, that Lord Halifax has not as yet mentioned 
 anything about them. The King, however, has ordered 
 Lord Egremont to write to him to-night upon that 
 subject. 
 
 I think when you return to town you will find a 
 change of sentiment with respect to continental mea- 
 sures, and I think we begin to turn our thoughts 
 seriously towards putting an end to that burthen. I 
 am, &c, &c. C. Jenkinson. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OF BUTE. 
 
 Great George Street, April 29, 1762. 
 My dear Lord, — When I saw you yesterday you 
 expressed your wishes that His Majesty's Message to 
 the House of Commons for the supply of credit might 
 be sent on Monday next, and the last time I saw you 
 before, you desired me to put down in writing the words 
 which I thought necessary for the notice to be taken in
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 441 
 
 it of the succour to be given to the King of Portugal. 
 The inclosed paper will show you that I have complied 
 with your request, which I have done, not from any 
 eagerness or wish of my own to intermeddle in this or 
 any other business of this kind, if it is His Majesty's 
 pleasure that the Messages to be sent to the House of 
 Commons, and the business to be transacted there, shall 
 be settled by the Duke o*f Newcastle, but merely in 
 compliance with your desire; and however unable I 
 may be to serve the King as usefully as I wish, yet that 
 I mav not be represented as unwilling to obey His 
 Majesty's commands, and to perform that service which 
 I understood it was his pleasure to allot to me, to the 
 utmost of my power. Your Lordship will see by the 
 inclosed draft of the Message, that I have thought it 
 right to particularise the general motives for this mea- 
 sure, and to point out strongly the limitation of the 
 expense, both which are necessary from the objections 
 which have been industriously raised, and which I know 
 to have made a great deal of impression. 
 
 In talking to M. de Mello some time ago, I found 
 that he had no objection to the requisition, and the 
 motives of it bein<£ fullv stated to Parliament : however 
 it seems to me to be advisable to communicate it to 
 him before it is sent. How far this draft agrees with 
 that which the Duke of Newcastle said he had settled 
 with Mr. Dyson, I do not know, as his Grace never 
 showed it to me, nor spoke to me of it, except when he 
 mentioned it at the meeting of the Cabinet at Lord 
 Egremont's. If it is wished to have a day longer for 
 considering the terms of this Message, I believe you will 
 lose no time by sending it on Tuesday instead of Mon-
 
 442 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 day, as Wednesday will be the first supply day in which 
 it can be taken into consideration. 
 
 The strange account which you gave me yesterday, 
 hath furnished matter to me for many reflections, which 
 neither the time, nor my own indisposition, which fitted 
 me much better for a hearer than a Speaker, would 
 then allow me to enter into. My pain returned last 
 night, and my face is much swelled ; but as you ex- 
 pressed a strong desire that I should be at the meeting 
 to-morrow, nothing but an increase of my disorder to 
 such a degree as shall make it quite impossible, shall 
 prevent me. I am ever, my dear Lord, &c, &c. 
 
 George Grenville. 
 
 ( The following is the inclosure referred to in the fore- 
 going letter.) 
 
 His Majesty having received from his good brother 
 and ally, the King of Portugal, an urgent requisition 
 of immediate aid and succour against the most injurious 
 and unprovoked attack, with which the King of Spain, 
 in consequence of his refusal to violate the Treaties, to 
 abandon the alliance, and to put a stop to all the com- 
 merce of Portugal with this country, has threatened his 
 Dominions : His Majesty, as well in conformity to his 
 actual engagements by former treaties, as in return for 
 the unshaken firmness and constancy with which his 
 Portuguese Majesty has declared his resolution to risk 
 every hazard, to resist to the utmost every attempt to 
 which he may be exposed on account of his adherence 
 to the ancient alliance and friendship between the two 
 Crowns of Great Britain and Portugal, is desirous to
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 443 
 
 give such aid and succour to the King of Portugal as 
 shall be found consistent with the present situation of 
 his own kingdoms, and with the burthens already im- 
 posed upon his people in support of a war of so un- 
 common an extent and expense ; and also considering 
 that, in this critical conjuncture, emergencies may arise 
 which may be of the utmost importance, and be attended 
 with the most pernicious consequences, if proper means 
 should not immediately be applied to prevent or defeat 
 them, relies on the experienced zeal and affection of his 
 faithful Commons that they will enable him to take such 
 measures as His Majesty shall think expedient for the 
 succour and defence of the dominions of the King of 
 Portugal, and to defray any extraordinary expenses of 
 the war, incurred or to be incurred for the service of 
 the year 1762, and to make use of all such means as 
 may be necessary to defeat any enterprises or designs of 
 his enemies, and as the exigency of affairs may require. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Wednesday, past 9 (May 20, 1762). 
 My dear George, — I received an account at four 
 of Gashery's ' death : how does that borough stand ? 
 don't let us be jockeyed in this too, if it can be avoided. 
 What is your opinion concerning Ferrol ? I am afraid 
 of the success even alienating the Spaniard, instead of 
 prompting them to peace ; besides, a blow struck by 
 them on Portugal, while we are employed there, might 
 
 1 Francis Gashery had been M.P. for the borough of East Looe, 
 through the interest of the Buller family: they were now threatened 
 with a contest by Sir William Trclawney. Lord Piilnier.ston was 
 elected in place of Mr. Gashery
 
 444 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 have a bad effect : however I fling out these thoughts 
 merely to receive satisfactory answers to them from you 
 in case things don't strike you in the same manner ; by 
 no means decided, and very ready to agree in case the 
 enterprise shall be thought expedient. I am ever most 
 entirely yours. Bute. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OP BUTE. 
 
 Great George Street, May 20, 1762, near 12 at night. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I entirely agree with you in wish- 
 ing to secure the vacancy made by Mr. Gashery's death, 
 if it is possible. He was chosen for one of the Looes in 
 Cornwall, and I believe by the interest of Mr. Buller, 
 but Mr. Martin ' can inform you of that. Mr. Buller, 
 I imagine, will at this time be easily engaged, and 
 there will not be the least difficulty of finding a proper 
 person, if he will accept the recommendation. 
 
 The question about Ferrol is a very important one at 
 this conjuncture. 
 
 I do not know what degree of likelihood there is of 
 success, and without that knowledge it is not possible to 
 form a positive opinion ; if that should be very uncer- 
 tain the question would be more easily determined, 
 though at all events there is a great deal of weight in 
 your Lordship's observation, which has been of conse- 
 quence enough to induce you to leave Belleisle at least 
 to a degree undemolished. If you have reason to be- 
 lieve that the Court of Spain has delayed her army 
 entering into Portugal, from the motive of a prospect of 
 peace, the same consideration might then act in the 
 
 1 Samuel Martin, Secretarv of the Treasury.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 445 
 
 same manner upon us ; but if that violent step is taken 
 after the proposal is known, Spain has no pretence what- 
 ever to entitle her to our forbearance in an instance 
 which, if it succeeds, will be of such great advantage to 
 us, for the carrying on the war, or of such reputation to 
 us at the close of it. 
 
 The delay titer e I should suppose cannot be consider- 
 able, but if the fleet is to w T ait for anything upon this 
 occasion before they sail, that would be another objec- 
 tion : a successful impression made there might other- 
 wise be a real advantage and great encouragement to 
 Portugal. I have thrown out my thoughts to you just 
 as they occur to me, without time to review them, be- 
 cause it is so late ; if we meet to-morrow at Court, I 
 shall have an opportunity of being more fully informed 
 bv vou of the several circumstances relating 1 to this sub- 
 ject, which, for many reasons, must be determined imme- 
 diately, and I dare say will be determined by you in such 
 a manner as upon the whole will be the most desirable. 
 
 I will send to Mr. Martin to-morrow mornino- and if 
 he can give me any information of consequence about 
 the borough, I will desire him to let vou know it immc- 
 diately, that no time may be lost. I am ever, my dear 
 Lord, George Grenville. 
 
 MR. MARTIN TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Abingdon Street, near 11 o'clock, May 21 (1762). 
 Mr. Martin presents his compliments to Mr. Gren- 
 ville, and acquaints him that Mr. John Buller left 
 London last night, with a design to travel all night, and 
 proceed to East Looe in Cornwall with all possible haste :
 
 446 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 alarmed (as Mr. Martin apprehends) with the rumour 
 of an opposition at the ensuing election for that borough, 
 by Sir William Trelawny, who was chosen into Parlia- 
 ment solely by Mr. Buller's interest. 
 
 Mr. Martin thinks it may be material to give Mr. 
 Grenville early notice of this affair. He proposes to 
 see Mr. Buller's brother to-morrow morning, and try 
 whether Mr. Martin can learn anything more worth 
 communicating to Mr. Grenville. 
 
 THE EARL OP BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (May 22, 1 762). 
 
 My dear George, — After I saw you yesterday, I had 
 directions from the King to write to Lord Egremont. 
 
 I do beseech you, leave this whole thing with me, for 
 we cannot go back at present. I have been forced to 
 make an unpleasant arrangement where I am imme- 
 diately concerned, on your mind revolting against what 
 I had ever looked upon as fixed. The King has suffered 
 me to make all this easy : do not now be overhauling all 
 again. I am ever, most entirely yours. Bute. 
 
 TIIE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Near one (May 22, 1762). 
 My dear George, — Elliot surprises me with your 
 ideas on this business, and I take up the pen to write 
 to you the exact state of the case, lest by a message 
 any, the least, mistake, should happen.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 447 
 
 The King, in consenting to your having the seals, said 
 two brothers, Secretaries, having the same office, will not 
 be relished, and I am persuaded they themselves will see 
 the impropriety of it ; besides I am persuaded Lord 
 Egremont, by what he said to me, would prefer Ireland to 
 his present situation ; it was, I have heard, his favourite 
 object ; I wish therefore you would sound him upon it, 
 and mention it to Grenville. 
 
 I accordingly did so yesterday, and was not surprised 
 at the delicacy you showed ; but now, as I have often ob- 
 served before, a night's meditation, George, has produced 
 millions of fears and difficulties, and above all a refine- 
 ment that this must proceed from a jealousy infused in 
 me : now mark me, I do most solemnly declare, that not 
 only no such ideas ever entered my head, but that if I 
 was at all susceptible of them, I should be of all men the 
 maddest in the plan I am now following. I myself 
 would not change Lord Egremont for any man you could 
 name : I laugh at the King's notion of impropriety, but 
 I was with him in error, that Lord Egremont would 
 prefer Ireland : I own I thought it so much that I should 
 have mentioned it to him without the least uneasiness ; 
 if you think otherwise, the case greatly alters, for it 
 never once was the King's intention to remove him with- 
 out his own predilection ; add to this, I am too much 
 your friend not to combat any measure that gives you so 
 much uneasiness. 
 
 I will go to the King to-day, and do everything to put 
 a final end to it, and I am convinced I shall succeed ; 
 that over, I must entreat you to let it drop, and to think 
 more favourably of the nobility of my sentiments, and of 
 the affection with which I am ever, my dear George, 
 yours, &c. Bute.
 
 448 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Four. (May 22, 1762.) 
 
 Dear George, — I just write a line to inform you, 
 that I have kept my word : this affair is quite over, and 
 I entreat you to think no more of it. 
 
 I am ever yours, &c. Bute. 
 
 THE EARL OP BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Tuesday night (May 25, 1762). 
 
 My dear George, — I spoke to Melcombe, who very 
 readily undertook to sound Tucker ; he says that gentle- 
 man has a nephew it may be necessary to provide for ; 
 that shall not produce any difficulty : he said 48 hours 
 was necessary, but he would lose no time. 
 
 The King's conduct to the Duke of Newcastle to-day 
 was great and generous ; we shall see to-morrow 1 if he 
 chooses to profit by it. Can you meet me at Court to- 
 morrow before one, having several things to trouble you 
 with ? Adieu, my dear George, yours most affection- 
 ately. Bute. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR, GRENVILLE. 
 
 Thursday night (May 27, 1762). 
 
 Dear George, — After I saw you I talked with 
 Dashwood and Melcombe about Tucker, and found that 
 he had had some disputes with Melcombe before, and 
 took the proposition mortally ill, he made to him : upon 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle resigned on the following day, and the 
 Earl of Bute succeeded him as First Lord of the Treasury.
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 449 
 
 this I sent Dashwood to him in my own name, to tell 
 him that I would look on this as an obligation done to 
 myself, on which he delivered Dashwood the enclosed 
 message 1 , and is to be with me to-morrow, so that I 
 wish you joy of this being secure. I made Sir John 
 Turner 2 very happy to-day, and have signed the warrant 
 to the Attorney-General, so that I hope we may open the 
 Commission to-morrow ; at any rate we shall kiss hands, 
 and you will receive the seals 3 , of which I beforehand 
 most sincerely wish you joy* I am, dear George, &c. 
 
 Bute. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 
 (Continued from page 439.) 
 
 When the vote of credit for two millions was intended 
 to be brought in at the end of the session, Mr. Gren- 
 ville declared his opinion to the King, and everywhere 
 else, that one was sufficient. The Duke of Newcastle, 
 finding his Treasury Board abandon him in it, thought 
 it expedient to resign. 
 
 Lord Bute was made First Lord of the Treasury, and 
 Mr. Grenville was to have the seals Lord Bute had 
 held ; but after this was agreed, Lord Bute sent to Mr. 
 
 i .. 
 
 Mr. Tucker desires his best respects to Lord Bute, and consents 
 to give his Lordship this proof of his desire to oblige him, but hopes 
 that when occasion shall offer he may be brought into Parliament at a 
 small expense. Mr. Tucker is obliged to his Lordship for his kind 
 intentions towards Mr. Tucker's nephew." 
 
 2 Sir John Turner was made one of the Commissioners of the 
 Treasury. 
 
 3 Mr. Grenville was made Secretary of State for the Northern 
 Department. 
 
 VOL. I. G G
 
 450 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 Grenville to tell him that there would be an impropriety, 
 as it would give great umbrage that two brothers should 
 be Secretaries of State at the same time ; that therefore 
 it was proposed that Lord Egremont should exchange 
 with Lord Halifax, who was still Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland (though at the head of the Admiralty), and that 
 Lord Halifax should be Secretary of State. Mr. Gren- 
 ville refused to take any part in this proposition, and 
 said it was impossible for him to take the seals, to have 
 a personal affront given at the same moment to Lord 
 Egremont, who he was very confident would not go to 
 Ireland, upon which Lord Bute declined it, and it was 
 never proposed to Lord Egremont 1 . 
 
 Mr. Grenville was appointed Secretary of State the 
 28th of May (1762). 
 
 During the summer, when the negociation for the 
 Peace was set on foot, Mr. Grenville had many struggles 
 with Lord Bute upon the terms, which he was desirous 
 to keep up higher than Lord Bute (who feared the nego- 
 ciation might break off) could be brought to consent to. 
 Mr. Grenville represented strongly against the giving up 
 Guadaloupe and Santa Lucia, wanted to have an equi- 
 valent asked for Guadaloupe, and insisted and prevailed 
 to have a compensation for the Havannah. 
 
 Guadaloupe was given up at an Extraordinary Council 
 called when Mr. Grenville was ill in bed, and not able 
 to attend it. 
 
 This difference of opinion between Lord Bute and 
 him gave grounds to his enemies to work with greater 
 success than they had hitherto done. In the course of 
 that week Lord Halifax had been employed to sound 
 the Duke of Newcastle, who had declined all treaty. 
 
 1 See Lord Bute's letters to Mr. Grenville on the 22nd of May.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 451 
 
 Mr. Grenville had seen Lord Bute on the Friday (Octo- 
 ber 8th), who told him no negociation was then on foot, 
 though it is since known with the utmost certainty that 
 Lord Shelburne went down to Mr. Fox at Margate, on 
 Wednesday the 6th, to know whether he was willing to 
 undertake the King's business 1 . 
 
 On Saturday, the 9th of October, Mr. Jenkinson came 
 to Lord Egremont's, where Mr. Grenville then was, at 
 an assembly, and desired to speak to him. He went 
 with him into another room, and told him that Lord 
 Bute had ordered him to acquaint him that the King 
 had thought it expedient, to obviate the difficulties likely 
 to arise in Parliament, to call Mr. Fox to take the lead 
 in his Government. Mr. Grenville said he could give 
 no answer to this extraordinary message ; that when he 
 saw Lord Bute he should speak to him upon it. 
 
 A note came from Lord Bute on Sunday evening, de- 
 siring Mr. Grenville to come to him on Monday morn- 
 ing, which when he did, he opened the measure to him : 
 he said some civilities in relation to the King's reluc- 
 tance in parting with Mr. Grenville, and his own concern 
 at the measure ; but that though the King found himself 
 obliged to do this, he hoped it would be but for a time ; 
 that his Majesty hoped Mr. Grenville would still conti- 
 nue in his service ; that he intended to make Lord Hali- 
 fax Secretary of State, and Mr. Grenville First Commis- 
 sioner of the Admiralty. Mr. Grenville entered his 
 protest very strongly against the step the King was 
 going to take, stated the improbability of facilitating his 
 
 1 This statement is corroborated by Mr. Fox's letter to the Duke of 
 Bedford, dated October 13, and printed in the Bedford Correspondence, 
 vol. iii. pi 138. 
 
 G a 2
 
 452 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 affairs by calling in so unpopular a man as Mr. Fox, 
 and foretold the ill success which must attend so despe- 
 rate a measure: that as he himself had been called upon 
 by His Majesty to resist Mr. Fox's power, that he had 
 obeyed him by sacrificing to his commands a situation of 
 ease, profit, and honour ; that he did not now shrink 
 from danger ; he saw none to alarm him ; but at the same 
 time if His Majesty thought it expedient to make the 
 change, he should acquiesce ; he never had, nor ever 
 would, squabble for offices ; that in Parliament he should 
 support the Peace, but, as to everything else, must follow 
 his own opinions. Mr. Grenville held pretty near the 
 same language to the King, who seemed pleased with 
 his acquiescence ; he always entered his protest against 
 the measure, dwelling strongly upon the ill success 
 which must attend it ; the King said " we must call in 
 bad men to govern bad men ;" but often said he hoped 
 it was but for a time, the expedient of the moment only. 
 
 Mr. Fox began his Administration by almost a tho- 
 rough change in all the offices which were held bv the 
 Duke of Newcastle's friends. The first day of the ses- 
 sion of Parliament the mob were so enraged at Lord 
 Bute that they followed the chariot in which he was, 
 with gross abuse, and when he came to go away in his 
 chair, it was almost thrown down, and he was insulted. 
 
 In the end of March (1763) Lord Bute sent to Mr. 
 Grenville to acquaint him that he was determined to 
 retire from public business ; that he had brought the 
 King to consent to his doing so ; that his health and his 
 ease required it j that in this state there was nobody 
 whom the King so much wished to see at the head of 
 the Treasury as Mr. Crenville ; that for his own part
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 453 
 
 he was determined to be a private man for the rest of 
 his days, never to intermeddle in Government, and that 
 he was going out of town with his family to drink 
 the waters at Harrogate. 
 
 Mr. Grenville stated many difficulties in regard to 
 his undertaking the situation proposed to him, but de- 
 sired to be fully apprized of the whole before he could 
 give any answer upon it. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 40 m. past 6, May 28, 1762. 
 Lord Bute presents his compliments to Mr. Gren- 
 ville. The King will consent to suspending the orders 
 given relative to Prince Ferdinand 'till he has made 
 enquiries by another channel. 
 
 Lord Bute wishes much to see the outline of the 
 Speech, for a Cabinet must be summoned early next 
 week for deliberating upon it. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE HIGH BAILIFF OF BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 Great George Street, May 28, 1762. 
 Dear Sir, — The King having been pleased this day 
 to appoint me to the Office of Secretary of State, my 
 seat in Parliament is thereby become vacant, and Lord 
 Temple having informed me by a message which I 
 received from him this evening, that he leaves me at 
 libertv to offer mv service at Buckingham, and that he 
 does not intend to recommend any person upon this 
 vacancy, I apply to you as an old and constant friend to
 
 me and to mv faioilv, for ran 
 -election at lit 
 As I f-ertauilr should sonfieaffs 
 
 ends at Buckingham withou* Lord Tenrpl 
 cons e n t (irbkti I informed him of % J fcV 
 lrith hk consent I shall a. rfi/;ultt in < 
 
 ... 
 wlnefa I bare now represented and 
 for above twenty Moment, during rthirh. time 
 
 ihfA \f> show nmeb* a friend %/> wm m 
 
 general, and in yartierik- very individual <A my 
 
 led t 
 qmte mmmmkte for me at th 
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 458 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 him out, and give him good advice, otherwise I am sure 
 I could convince him ; but of this no more, nor, indeed, 
 is it a subject that can be treated by letter, but from the 
 abundance of the conviction the heart speaketh upon 
 an interesting subject to a friend, who is no otherwise 
 interested in it than as a well wisher to the public, 
 which I have ever found you to be, and you will ever 
 find me, my dear Wilkes, most truly your sincere well- 
 wisher and devoted Friend and Servant. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Saturday night, 11 o'clock (June 19, 1762). 
 
 Dear Sir, — The Lisbon mail being come in to-day, 
 I send it to you with some other papers to amuse you 
 for an hour in your rustication. 
 
 The King sent for me this day, and opened his 
 thoughts to me entirely upon the great business of 
 Mondav. 
 
 I think, by what he said, our conversation of 
 yesterday had its effect with our friend ; and I am 
 desired to open the Council, as I wished to do. Had 
 he not sent to me I should have taken the opportunity 
 to day to have talked to him upon a matter I did not 
 care to open before you, which I have settled to my 
 satisfaction. Had the Duke of N. been my colleague 
 I should not have ventured this last sentence. I will 
 explain my meaning when we meet, which may be very 
 soon ; for if Count La Lippe 1 (who goes on Monday) 
 
 1 Sovereign of a petty state, lying on the confines of Hanover and 
 Westphalia. He was now al out to proceed to Portugal to take the 
 chief command of the troops. See a good account of this remarkable
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 459 
 
 does not detain me, I propose coming to dine with 
 Lady Blandford 1 to-morrow. I am, ever, &c. 
 
 Egremont. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES 2 . 
 
 June 20, ] 762. 
 
 Sir, — As all the sins of the Monitor against the 
 ruling powers are principally charged upon our friend 
 Mr. B. 3 , and then by way of rebound upon two other 
 persons, to whom the Monitor has been so kindly partial, 
 it is of the more moment to avoid that sort of personality 
 which regards any of the R F . I am, there- 
 fore, glad my hint came at least time enough to prevent 
 the publication of what would have filled up the whole 
 measure of offence, and could not but have been much 
 commented upon to the disadvantage of those it might 
 mean to serve: as to other matters, sportsmen I suppose 
 are at liberty to pursue lawful game, I am only solicitous 
 to have them not trespass within the bounds of royal 
 manors, and not start something of a delicate and per- 
 sonal nature, which should be avoided. 
 
 I believe there is not the least foundation for the oc- 
 
 man in a note by Sir Denis Le Marchant to Horace Waljiole's Memoirs 
 of George the Third, vol. i. p. 145. His mother is said to have been a 
 daughter of George the First, by the Duchess of Kendal. 
 
 1 Iiord Egremont's mother-in-law, the widow of Sir William 
 Wyndham. 
 
 a From a draught in Lord Temple's hand. It is, no doubt, intended 
 for Wilkes ; but was probably copied by another person for transmission 
 by the post, and not signed, as it contains an allusion to Mr. Pitt and 
 Lord Temple, which the latter would not be likely to make in his own 
 handwriting. 
 
 3 Beardmore, an Attorney employed by Lord Temple, was supposed 
 to be a writer in the Monitor.
 
 460 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 casional reports of Mr. P. and Lord T's return into the 
 King's service. I hope I may be allowed to defray the 
 loss and the expense of laying aside the paper you sent 
 me, and that I shall have the pleasure of seeing you 
 according to your promise. 
 
 I am, Sir, your obliged and obedient Servant. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, June 27, 1762. 
 
 My dear Colonel, — I lose not a moment's time in 
 certifying the name of Mr. John Hammond to His 
 Majesty, and will send his commission as soon as it is 
 in my power. 
 
 You don't mention anything of the commissions I 
 sent you, and of the date you gave to that of Tomkins, 
 but I take it for granted you have received them. 
 
 I have no commission of Deputy Lieutenant by me, 
 having left even the form in London ; but I must con- 
 trive some way to get one, that Tomkins's wish may be 
 gratified. You do not send me the name of the new 
 surgeon (I hope a Scotchman), otherwise I would have 
 certified for him at the same time. In short (wicked as 
 you are), I still find a joy in expediting whatever you 
 wish. 
 
 What I writ to you I certainly meant in a most 
 friendly purpose. When I was very very young indeed 
 my father was called in to whip me for ... 
 
 . ; how dearly did he love me, how much 
 did he grieve at every stroke he gave me ? but my 
 mother was peremptory, and all my vivacity could not 
 save me. More wit I never read ; but I find the N. B.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 461 
 
 doth not mend from sage advice. I must, therefore, 
 deliver him over to the tormentors, the Briton, the 
 Auditor, the Occasional Writer 1 , and to his own con- 
 science, lulled, though it be for the present, with the 
 sweet music of applauding worlds. We will talk matters 
 over when we meet ; in the mean time I am meditating 
 a trip to Beckford's. Believe me, ever, with sincere 
 affection, my dear Colonel's most devoted Temple. 
 
 MR. PITT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 (July — , 1762). 
 
 My dear Lord, — My boots are greased, and I hold 
 myself in readiness for the welcome summons to Lord 
 Lincoln's, as about the first days of August seemed 
 when we part-d at Stowe to be destined provisionally for 
 the pleasing epoque of our meeting at Oatlands. I hope 
 every day to have the pleasure of hearing from your 
 Lordship that the party is finally fixed. I feel the more 
 impatience, lest some contretems should happen to pre- 
 vent a visit which I have at heart to make. 
 
 Gout is in the present moment propitious to my pur- 
 poses, and the thunder showers having spent their rage, 
 give the promise of fair skies and glorious suns, such as 
 the scenes we are going to deserve. 
 
 After the late rains, Stowe must be verdure in propria 
 persona, which, added to a few other things, must render 
 it a tolerable place. I trust always that the pregnant 
 clouds may not, among the rest, have dropped any 
 rheumatic sensations upon the Lord of all those beauties, 
 and that 1 shall have the satisfaction to hear you are 
 
 1 Weekly publications : — all of them in favour of the Ministry.
 
 4G2 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 well, as well as the joy to embrace you so very soon. 
 Lady Chatham and children arc all well : the former 
 joins in all affectionate compliments. 
 
 I am ever, &c, &c. W. Pitt. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Saturday afternoon, 3 o'clock, July 3, 1762. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I hope you got safe and well to Wotton, 
 but you could not be unreasonable enough to expect to 
 be quiet there for twenty-four hours together. 
 
 This morning I received from Viry a large packet 
 come by express from Versailles, containing a letter from 
 Comte de Choiseul to me, copy of one from the Due de 
 Choiseul to the Comte, enclosing a letter from Grimaldi ' 
 with the answer from the Spanish Court to our declara- 
 tion, signed by Wall : a memorial of the French pro- 
 posals reduced into articles and signed, and a paper of 
 observations on the memorial, likewise signed. 
 
 The memorial differed little from what came unsigned 
 before, and my answer must be methodising my former 
 answer into articles, and my reasonings upon the different 
 parts into a separate paper. 
 
 1 The Spanish Ambassador at Paris. " Grimaldi is more displeasing 
 than Stahremberg, and much less a gentleman. I am told from the 
 best authority that his genius goes no further than a mean ruse, and 
 cunning of the Newgate style ; this circumstance, which is well known 
 here, makes him as little dangerous as his own ill intentions, and the 
 power of his Court, can give you reason to wish. As his parts may be 
 very easily surpassed, so even his most distinguishing characteristic, 
 his pride, will never stand before a man of real spirit, which I have 
 tried in such little instances not worth mentioning. — Private Letter 
 from Mr. Stanley to Mr. Pitt, June 29, 1761.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 463 
 
 Two hours after the first packet, Viry came to me to 
 show me some letters to give light into the Comte 
 ChoiseuPs packet, some he gave copies of, and others he 
 would not so much as lend me to show the King. 
 
 He had wrote you a letter, which on my telling him 
 you were out of town, he desired me to send to your 
 house for, and enclose in my letter to you. 
 
 Were I to judge, I think we shall conclude this 
 matter, and think that the managing the Court of Spain, 
 and trusting us with more than they tell at Madrid, is 
 not entirely a farce. I am, &c, &c. Egremont. 
 
 MR. EDWARD WESTON TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Park Place, July 9 (17G2). 
 
 Sir, — As it is likely the present proposals of France 
 will be published a little sooner or later, that we may 
 not be reproached by the King of Prussia with having 
 entirely sunk what is therein said about Wesel, Cleves, 
 &c, at the same time that we profess so much regard to 
 his interests, I have thought it necessary to point out in 
 my draught that part of the French plan in such a 
 manner as may be afterwards appealed to as a sufficient 
 communication, though it be not expressly mentioned. 
 
 It seems to me that by the way of wording the pro- 
 posal of France, to give no assistance to our respective 
 allies, they mean to reserve to themselvest he power of 
 succouring theirs with money, which would leave us the 
 same liberty with respect to ours : and, with that tacit 
 reserve, I should think it would be better liked, even by 
 the King of Prussia, that we should stipulate to give him 
 no succour in troops, than a bare reciprocal engagement to
 
 464 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 withdraw the respective armies ; because I apprehend, in 
 case the Peace between him and the Queen should not 
 succeed, if France be not tied up from sending men to 
 her assistance, it will be in her power to do it upon the 
 first pretence, much easier and sooner, who has a stand- 
 ing force always ready upon the frontiers of the Empire, 
 than in ours to give a succour of the same kind to the 
 King of Prussia. 
 
 I must own that upon the whole, that a bare stipula- 
 tion to withdraw the respective armies, appears to me 
 very lame and insufficient, and that it ought to be at- 
 tended at least with an engagement that they shall not 
 be employed any more in the Empire during the present 
 war, in the quarrel between the Courts of Vienna and 
 Berlin. 
 
 As you are pleased to allow of my troubling you with 
 my idees creuses, I submit what is above to your consi- 
 deration and better judgment. E. W. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 
 
 (July 12, 1762) half-past 6. 
 
 Lord Bute presents his compliments to Mr. Gren- 
 ville : he thinks the dispatch ' very proper ; he would 
 have wished (according to what he took the liberty of 
 hinting to him the other day) that Mitchell had been 
 instructed to insinuate to His Prussian Majesty that our 
 Peace must not be obstructed by any demur on his side: 
 Lord Bute is sensible this mav be inferred from the 
 
 ml 
 
 colour of the dispatch, but perhaps this truth dressed 
 in polite expression will not be without its utility. 
 
 1 See Mitchell Memoirs and Paper$ t vol. ii.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 465 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OF BUTE. 
 
 Great George Street, September 1, 17G*2. 
 
 My dear Lord, — I hoped to have had the pleasure 
 of meeting you yesterday at one o'clock at St. James's, 
 agreeably to what I understood you intended when 1 
 saw you the day before. 
 
 I waited there in order to have shown you the draft 
 of my despatch to Mr. Mitchell', and to have talked 
 with you upon the subject of it, which I should have 
 been very glad to have done ; but as I could not see you 
 at Court, I laid it before the King, who was pleased to 
 approve of it, and to direct me to send it without delay, 
 as soon as the other communications which the King- 
 ordered me to make to the Landgrave of Hesse, the 
 Duke of Brunswick, &c, can be got ready, which will 
 not be till this evening ; I therefore enclose to your 
 Lordship the draft, and beg you will consider it tho- 
 roughly, and give me your thoughts upon it in any way 
 that is most convenient and agreeable to you. Your 
 Lordship will see that the whole of it depends upon the 
 repeated declarations made to the King of Prussia, of 
 Mis Majesty's resolution not to depart from the measure 
 of withdrawing the troops on both sides, as soon as the 
 preliminaries shall be signed ; and consequently, if this 
 letter is sent, no other expedient can be taken. 
 
 I think it necessary to observe this to you, as 1 did 
 yesterday to Lord Egremont, because M. de Choiseul in 
 his two last dispatches takes no notice of this measure, 
 but only says that with regard to Germany both Courts 
 being agreed not to propose to each other anything dero- 
 gatory to their honour, and to their respective engage- 
 
 1 See Mitchell Memoirs nnd Papers, vol. ii. 
 VOL. I. II II
 
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 468 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 17(5:2. 
 
 and consequently that he could not enter with them into 
 the subject of the present situation, and that therefore 
 he must abide by the answer which the King of Prussia 
 had already given in writing to the late communications 
 made to that Court, and by the reply which, by His Ma- 
 jesty's orders, had been returned to it from hence 
 through the channel of Mr. Mitchell. 
 
 To this the Prussian Ministers answered that they 
 had no directions to give it in writing, and therefore did 
 not dare to do it ; but that they would repeat it, and 
 that a note of it might be taken in writing to prevent 
 any mistake. 
 
 This was accordingly done, and the note, which is in 
 the following words, was afterwards read to them : — 
 
 " Par un ordre du 21 d'Aout, I76& Que Sa Majeste 
 le Roi de Prusse espere que le Iloi de la Grande Bre- 
 tagne stipulera la restitution de Cleves, Gueldres, Wesel, 
 &c, une parite parfaite dans les traitemens de la Grande 
 Bretagne et de la France envers leurs allies apres la 
 Paix ; une declaration que si contre toute attente, on 
 prenoit des engagemens contraires aux interets imme- 
 diats du Roi de Prusse, qu'il ne se tiendroit pas lie, mais 
 se reserveroit ses droits." 
 
 To this they added, that they did not expect that Mr. 
 Secretary Grenville should give them any answer; but 
 
 Mitchell m'est venu faire de la part de sa Cour, et par rapport aux 
 mesures que j'ai pris. Au reste, comme il n'y aura jamais rooyen de 
 parvenir en regie avec le Comte de Bute, vous ne perdrez aucune 
 occasion qui se presentera pour animer et brouiller sous main la nation 
 contre lui, et contre ladministration presente, et de rejetter tout ce qui 
 vient d'arriver de facheux a la nation sur lui, comme arrive par sa 
 faute. Enfin vous animerez mcme autant qu'il se peut les auteurs des 
 brochures qu'on met au jour pour decrier la conduite de ce Ministre, 
 afin de parvenir d'autant plus aisement a le culbuter de son poste. 
 
 "Federtc."
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 469 
 
 that they made this Declaration, which they hoped they 
 had done in proper terms, in consequence of the orders 
 they had received, and that His Majesty would give such 
 answer, and in such manner, as he should judge proper. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, September 11, 1762. 
 
 You will find, my dear Sir, to what an extent of 
 emendation I have dared to proceed ; what, lose so fair 
 an opportunity of doing justice to a great Minister, in 
 every light the most respectable of his family 1 ? Proh 
 pudor ! If any eloquence could persuade Lady T. to 
 appear, even to her own eyes, in print, it would be 
 yours ; but that I must refer to be settled betwixt you. 
 
 The Ghost will become every day more formidable, 
 especially if he should take it into his head to haunt our 
 great little man 2 , in the horrid shapes of all the con- 
 quests which his pusillanimity or fool-hardiness, I know 
 not which, has determined him to butcher in this un- 
 merciful manner. 
 
 Pray God the news of the surrender of the Havannah 
 may come time enough to save the fishery ! but I fear 
 a little Havannah more or less will be to make very 
 little difference, unless the cries of the whole City and 
 country, as I hear, united, should disturb the sweet 
 slumbers of that virtuous man. 
 
 Lord Gothamstow 3 is charged with haranguing the 
 
 1 An ironical allusion to George Grenville. 
 
 2 The Duke of Bedford. 
 
 8 I suspect this to be a nickname which had been applied to him- 
 self. " I must here observe that there is <>ne merit ascribed to Lord 
 Temple by the Briton, to which lie has no kind of pretence. I mean
 
 470 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 independent Electors, which I am sure is a , 
 
 for that worthy personage never so much as set his foot 
 among them. What a number of sins are laid at thy 
 door, Captain Aniseed — they exceed in number all thy 
 natural children at the Foundling Hospital : it is a little 
 hard that I am dragged in to share thy supposed crimes, 
 of which I am totally innocent, thinking, as I do, that I 
 have enough of mv own to answer for : but I care not a 
 fig, and so good night my dear Colonel. Your most 
 faithful and obedient Temple. 
 
 I breakfasted the other day at Gothurst 1 ; it is im- 
 possible to express the rage of that whole family ; and he 
 pledges himself in the strongest assurances, that there 
 never was at any period of time so ardent a zeal in the 
 whole body of the country gentlemen, a very few 
 placemen excepted, as at present against the Ministry, 
 which will undoubtedly appear upon the first oppor- 
 tunity. 
 
 I tell you my tale, and the tale-bearer. Ask pardon 
 of the dead ! if I write epitaphs it shall be on the 
 living-. 
 
 I was much vexed to hear that many of my servants 
 were omitted in the Militia list. I took it for granted 
 the parish officers had done the same this time as last, 
 and therefore never enquired ; but to be sure my ser- 
 vants should be in. 
 
 the having delivered such fine orations among the independent 
 Electors of Westminster, when he inveighed with such force and 
 energy of argument against the brothers who directed the helm of 
 Government. Now I will venture to say that Lord Temple never 
 once set his foot among the independent Electors of Westminster." — 
 North Briton, No. 17. 
 
 1 Gothurst, now more commonly called Gayhurst, an ancient mansion 
 in Buckinghamshire, near Newport Pagnel : at that time the property 
 of a Mr. Wrighte; it now belongs to Lord Carington.
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 471 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Tuesday night (September 14, 1762). 
 
 I waited with infinite impatience, my dear Mr. 
 Wilkes, to hear from Mr. Gascoyne, whom I expected 
 here in the course of the day, the result of the Friday 
 business. I hope and trust, though as he is not come I 
 have not the satisfaction of knowing it, that it has 
 ended there. 
 
 It appeared, I think, by your letter, that Saturday 
 had passed peaceably ; I long much for the post of to- 
 morrow. 
 
 I am very sorry my old friend and schoolfellow 1 should 
 take the unfortunate North Briton so heinously : in 
 your situation, whether you had any hand in it or not, 
 I think you could act no otherwise than you have done, 
 like a man and a gentleman in every part of it. I am 
 ever, most sincerely, your affectionate and devoted 
 Servant, Temple. 
 
 1 William, second Baron, and first Earl Talbot, at this time Lord 
 Steward of the Household. He died in 1782. The subject of Lord 
 Talbot's complaint against "Wilkes was contained in a very silly para- 
 graph in the North Briton, published on the 21st of August. His 
 conduct upon the occasion of the duel, and the cause of it, are equally 
 and supremely ridiculous and contemptible. In tbese days, it is 
 inconceivable how a nobleman, with only an ordinary share of common 
 sense, should have considered it necessary to take such serious notice 
 of a joke so inoffensively stupid. It is impossible not to admire, by 
 contrast, the manner in which Wilkes conducted the correspondence 
 and final issue of this transaction. His letter to Lord Temple, written 
 on the same evening, ticu hoars after the duel, and describing all the 
 circumstances of it, is an admirable composition : — it places the whole 
 scene so forcibly before the imagination. It has been already printed 
 in Ahnoris Memoirs and Correspondence of Wilkes, in the Political 
 Register, &c, and therefore it is unnecessary to repeat it here.
 
 472 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 170-2. 
 
 MR. WILKES TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Winchester, September 19, 1762. 
 
 My Lord, — I am infinitely obliged by your Lordship's 
 letter of Tuesday, and can never receive any approba- 
 tion of my conduct, which I shall value equally with 
 Lord Temple's. 
 
 I enclosed from hence three letters, which have passed 
 since ; five in all. 
 
 As I did not hear from Lord T. on the Saturday, I 
 returned here, as I told Mr. Seeker I should. I chose 
 the letters should tell the little history, and therefore 
 refer everything which passed between Mr. Seeker and 
 me 'till I have the honour of paying my personal respects 
 to your Lordship. 
 
 Lord T. had talked much of my not answering his 
 letter, which made the affair very public ; a circum- 
 stance I avoid, because I feel it so much to my honour. 
 Lord Effingham 1 , Colonel Harvey, &c, had the whole, 
 and I have their warmest approbation. 
 
 I have drawn the whole into a very narrow point, and 
 Lord T. must at last stand forth, which he ought to 
 have done on the Saturday, as your Lordship foresaw. 
 
 The first letter seemed a mandate from the Lord 
 Steward, signed Talbot, no humble servant. We are 
 more civil in a second letter. 
 
 All the new recruits are arrived here, except from 
 Newport. The regiment is far more complete than 
 
 Thomas Howard, second Earl of Effingham, Deputy Earl Marshal. 
 Be died in 1703. At this time he was in command of the troops at 
 Winchester, where Wilkes was on duty as Lieut.-Colonel of the Bucks 
 Militia, his regiment being appointed to guard the French prisoners 
 confined then
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 473 
 
 ever, and the front rank beats almost any front rank of 
 the whole Militia. 
 
 We already perform the army exercise entire. The 
 utmost harmony prevails among us, and we have healed 
 the unhappy breach between the common men of Lan- 
 cashire and our own. 
 
 I hold the toast constantly at our mess, which I never 
 desert, but have a tolerable number of visitors with us 
 there. 
 
 I approve fully all your Lordship's corrections but 
 one. George cannot come in there as it were by the 
 bye ; because he is to have a separate piece to himself. 
 
 My Lord, you have been much abused j but you 
 forgive all, and so do 1, excepting only those few words, 
 that he is in every light the most respectable of his 
 family. Good God! what a family! In my turn I 
 will call for fine, pillory, and imprisonment, and hope 
 your Lordship will take notice only of this one truth, 
 for the sake of the English Peerage. 
 
 I shall suffer no small uneasiness on your Lordship's 
 account 'till I hear that you have recovered the 
 fatiguing ceremonies of Wednesday 1 , which I am very 
 apprehensive may, without the utmost care, be followed 
 by the ugly slow fever which so often alarms all your 
 friends. I am, my Lord, your Lordship's most devoted 
 Servant, John Wilkes. 
 
 1 The Installation at Windsor, upon the occasion of Prince William 
 and the Ear] of Bute receiving the Order of the Garter, on Wednes- 
 day, the 22nd instant.
 
 474 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 . EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Wednesday night, September 22, 1762. 
 
 My dear Sir, — I have but just time to acknowledge 
 the receipt of both your letters. Very little company 
 here except what the Court itself brings, and the aspect 
 of things not very triumphant. I wish most sincerely I 
 could see any daylight towards terminating the unhappy 
 affair betwixt you and Lord T. in an amicable manner : 
 to such an object I shall lend myself with infinite plea- 
 sure, for I need not repeat to you that I am most sin- 
 cerely, your ever faithfully affectionate Temple. 
 
 His Majesty did not condescend to notice me. 
 
 The insertion of George before Grenville was only a 
 joke, and to show how time changes compliment into 
 satire. 
 
 I wish vou would burn those of the latter kind. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (September 24, 1762) Windsor, Friday evening. 
 Dear Sir, — No news yet from the Duke of Bedford. 
 M. Nivernois has sent me a projet de Preliminaires upon 
 his own ideas, just as if I had not disputed every altera- 
 tion he had proposed. He seems to insist upon the 
 neutral garrisons being put into Cleves, Wesel, Guel- 
 dres, &c. : in sending the packet to the King, I desire 
 him to postpone answering 'till he hears from our 
 Plenipo : I hope he does not defer writing 'till an answer 
 shall come to Nivernois' projet. The latter has received 
 two couriers from Versailles : our minister facet. Pray 
 come to town soon ; I fear vou will be much wanted. I
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 475 
 
 hope you got well to your journey's end, and that you 
 found all well at Wotton. Adieu, dear Sir, till Cox 
 comes back from the Castle. 
 
 I have been sent for to the King, who took Nivernois' 
 paper as I could have wished him, and agrees we must 
 wait for the Duke of Bedford's letters. I send you the 
 French Ambassador's jwojet, which I beg you will return 
 me by express as soon as you have perused it. Ever 
 your, &c. Egremont. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Sunday afternoon (September 26, 1762). 
 Dear Sir, — I received yours, by Jackson, this morn- 
 ing ; very sorry to draw you from your retreat into so 
 horrid a scene as I fear you will find here. I conclude 
 you lie at Missenden to-night, and therefore send you 
 the Duke of Bedford's despatches, that you may be fully 
 informed before you come to town : you will see that 
 that headstrong silly wretch has already given up two or 
 three points in his conversation with Choiseul, and that 
 his design was to have signed without any communi- 
 cation here. I have been with Lord Bute this morning, 
 and had much talk with him, some I did not like, but I 
 have not given way in anything ; nor shall in the attack 
 I expect from the superior, who I am to see after the 
 Drawing-room. I am to meet M. de Nivernois to- 
 morrow morning at Thomond's, at ten, so suppose our 
 conference will be over time enough for me to call upon 
 you before you go to Court. Viry almost gives it up, and 
 says Nivernois is quite ill-intentioned, so we seem to be 
 in a strange condition. Ever yours, &c. Egremont.
 
 47G GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Brornpton, Saturday morning, October — , 1762. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I came to this place last night at ten, 
 little thinking that I should have so disagreeable a 
 salutation on rising this morning, as I found from the 
 Duke of Bedford's voluminous despatch, arrived in the 
 night. I do not suppose that ever there existed such a 
 specimen of falsehood, inconsistency, insolence, &c, &c, 
 &c, as these papers exhibit ; and I do not almost see 
 how the negotiation can proceed : the Duke of Bedford 
 is in consternation himself about it. Time does not 
 admit of my telling you many particulars, only imagine 
 that every article almost is altered in a projet sent from 
 the Duke de Choiseul to the Duke of Bedford ; and all 
 points tant grands que petits varied from what was 
 settled and agreed as to France. As to Spain, the 
 Havannah, by name proposed to be delivered up, with- 
 out any compensation to England ; and the old treaties 
 to continue in force 'till a new treaty of commerce is to 
 be made, and stipulated to be concluded in the space of 
 one year. 
 
 The King comes to town to dinner. Lord Bute is at 
 Kew : for God's sake come up to town ; if prudent, 
 steady, and consequential measures, are not soon re- 
 solved on, the King will be distressed, the kingdom 
 suffer greatly in its interests, and the Ministers will be 
 undone. I am, &c, &c. Egremont.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPER?. 477 
 
 COLONEL BERKELEY 1 TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Camp, near Winchester, October 7, 1762. 
 
 My dear Lord, — Lord Talbot having questioned 
 Colonel Wilkes upon the subject of a North Briton in 
 which he was mentioned, and received for answer that 
 his Lordship had no right to question him, and that he 
 would not tell him whether he did or no, Colonel 
 Wilkes was desired bv me to meet Lord Talbot, Tues- 
 dav evening, and met him accordingly. 
 
 Before they walked out, the inclosed was given to me 
 to deliver to your Lordship in case Mr. Wilkes fell. 
 The matter betwixt them was decided by pistols to both 
 their satisfaction, and without hurt to either. When 
 we returned, I offered to give back Colonel Wilkes's 
 letter, but was desired to inclose it to your Lordship as 
 a proof of the regard and affection he bore you at a 
 minute which might have been very near his last. I 
 beg my respects to Lady Temple, and am affectionately 
 vours, N. Berkeley. 
 
 ( I/t closure mentioned by Colonel Berkeley.) 
 
 MR. WILKES TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Bagshot, Tuesday, October 5, seven at night. 
 My Lord, — I am here just going to decide a point of 
 honour with Lord Talbot. I have only to thank your 
 Lordship for all your favours to me, and to entreat you 
 to desire Lady Temple to superintend the education of 
 a daughter, whom I love beyond all the world. I am, 
 my Lord, your obliged and affectionate humble Servant, 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 
 1 Norbonne Berkeley, afterwards Lord Botetourt.
 
 478 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 1702. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Wednesday, 1 o'clock (October 6, 1762). 
 
 My dear Colonel, — How eagerly do I long to em- 
 brace you ! What words can express the satisfaction 
 your last letter gave me in every particular ? Firmness, 
 coolness, and a manly politeness, makes up the whole of 
 this transaction on your part. 
 
 I saw the event was inevitable, and I was sure you 
 would extricate yourself like a man. I fully intended 
 being at Aylesbury at the Quarter Sessions, and how 
 infinitely is every inducement now heightened ; but a 
 feverish cold, which has hung upon me near ten days, 
 makes it impossible. As soon as I resign the pen, I 
 must offer rav innocent arm to the lancet. 
 
 I hope your time will permit you to call here upon one 
 whom you have distinguished by so many marks of cordial 
 friendship at the time of trial. I have received the 
 seven letters 1 you mention : we will talk the whole over 
 at large ; the little woman is full of delight, as she 
 interests herself so warmly in your honour and your 
 welfare. 
 
 Inclosed, I send you a copy of the Address 2 which 
 I thought of moving, in case of my not being able to 
 attend. I desired Mr. Lowndes, as Knight of the Shire, 
 to take that upon him, which I trust he will do. If 
 there be anything you and he would wish to alter, I 
 submit it to your judgment. The King and Queen 
 have their full share of compliment : the illustrious 
 House of Brunswick can never be too highly extolled. 
 
 The consequences that may arise from taking the 
 
 1 Correspondence with Lord Talbot, &c, respecting the duel. 
 To the King, from the Lord-Lieutenant and gentry of Bucking- 
 hamshire.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 479 
 
 Havannah are only pointed out, according to expressions 
 of Sir G. Pococke 1 ; and though the Peace is upheld, 
 yet it is not in my poor opinion at all beyond the just 
 mark. 
 
 I suppose much way will not he given on that head. 
 I am ever, with the warmest esteem and cordiality, my 
 dear Wilkes's most truly devoted Temple. 
 
 The Address, when signed, may be sent to me on 
 Saturday by the Buckingham coach, or brought by the 
 most welcome of all conveyances, yourself. I will then 
 sign it and transmit it to Lord Egremont. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO COLONEL BERKELEY. 
 
 (October 7, 1762 ) 
 I have many thanks to return to you, my dear Sir, 
 for the obliging trouble you have taken in transmitting 
 to me Colonel Wilkes's letter, which was written with a 
 very steady hand indeed, very laconic, as time pressed, 
 but very expressive of his uniform partiality to me, and 
 warm affection to his daughter. I am the more sensible 
 to this, as I never had it in my power to do him the 
 least favour. I have, indeed, frequently recommended 
 to him as well as to other of my friends, to sail with the 
 new current, which, however, I would not do, and avail 
 themselves of the tide of Court favour before it was 
 spent : how I have prevailed with him you know. I 
 am very sorry for the occasion of this dispute : when 
 Lord T. mentioned it to me at Windsor, if the state of 
 things had admitted of the least hope of reconciliation, 
 I should most gladly have used my best good offices, 
 
 1 Admiral, and M.P. for Plymouth.
 
 480 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 more especially as two of my friends were concerned ; 
 but judging that hopeless, it is no small pleasure to me to 
 see, by your account, that the matter betwixt them was 
 decided by pistols to both their satisfaction, and without 
 hurt to either. 
 
 Wilkes called here in his way to Winchester, so I 
 have read all the letters, and am, with many compli- 
 ments to you from my little woman, ever faithfully 
 vours, Temple. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Piccadilly, October 10 (1762). 
 Dear Sir, — The idea I drew my letter upon was a 
 hint given me by Lord Mansfield, which I understood 
 by him he had also communicated to you, which was to 
 write first gently, and then stronger, to the Duke of 
 Bedford, to prepare him by degrees for the alterations 
 he was to expect in his Preliminaries, and make him, if 
 possible, feel the mortification of the total disavowal less 
 sharply : and what I have wrote to him must convey 
 the idea to him, that a compensation will be exacted for 
 the Havannah, although I have not put it so strongly 
 as I have to the Duke of Nivernois, who dispatched an- 
 other courier, after the conversations he had with you 
 and I, two days ago : and I own I think it would have 
 done mischief to have wrote the first letter stronger 
 to the Duke of Bedford, who for our misfortune is irre- 
 vocably our plenipotentiary at Paris 1 . 
 
 1 It is evident from these letters, and from others in the Bedford 
 Correspondence, that there was much of mutual dislike and distrust 
 between the Duke of Bedford and Lord Egremont ; and Rigby's letters 
 to the Duke at this time tended to inflame these feelings, and to 
 include Mr. Grenville and Lord Mansfield in the opposition to the 
 Duke.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS, 481 
 
 I had some fears lest I should not have got leave 
 to have wrote at all, as the King, when I spoke about it 
 yesterday, said nothing : so as soon as Lord Bute told me 
 he thought my idea right, I wrote the letter, and think, 
 by what the Due de Nivernois must have wrote, if the 
 Duke of Bedford mentions the Havannah at all, it will 
 draw an explanation from them without fail. I am 
 ever, &c, &c. Egremont. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OF EGREMONT. 
 
 Sunday, October 10 (1762). 
 I do not see any intimation of a compensation for the 
 Havannah in the despatch proposed to be sent to the 
 Duke of Bedford ; but as I am an entire stranger to 
 all that mav have been settled within these few davs, I 
 must leave the consideration of it to your Lordship, who 
 having seen Lord Bute yesterday, are certainly better 
 informed. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 (Sunday, October 10, 1702). 
 
 Lord Bute (who told me yesterday he now was re- 
 solved to have a compensation for the Havannah, or 
 continue the war) settled with me according to my pro- 
 posal that I should write to the Duke of Bedford, to 
 account for our delay, and prepare him for what he was 
 to expect in the answer to his projet. 
 
 I send you the draft, and if you approve it, and 
 return it, will, after sending it to St. James's, despatch 
 it for France. 
 
 vol. r. ii
 
 482 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 THE EARL OF BUTE TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Sunday night (October 10, 1762). 
 
 Dear Sir, — Though I am convinced of the necessity 
 of some new arrangement to carry through the King's 
 measures at this most critical minute, in order to enlarge 
 the too narrow bottom of the Cabinet, and by firmness 
 and unanimity to procure confidence and support ; yet 
 my friendship was so extremely sensible to the least un- 
 easiness these ideas might give you, that I determined 
 to open my thoughts at first through the channel of a 
 common friend 1 ; this done, I can't too soon have an 
 opportunity of explaining the measures that occur to me 
 as indispensably necessary at present, to resist the most 
 audacious plan that ever was formed, to give the law to 
 the best of Kings, at the risk even of the nation's safety, 
 and at the same time of learning how far these things 
 are agreeable to you, and likely to meet with your con- 
 currence : if, therefore, it will suit your conveniency, 1 
 should be glad to see you to-morrow at nine. 
 
 I name so early an hour, as I must go out at ten. I 
 am, dear Sir, with the greatest truth and regard, yours 
 most sincerely. Bute. 
 
 ( The following Narrative is entirely in the handwriting 
 
 of Mr. Grenville.) 
 
 On Saturday, October 9, 1762, Mr. Jenkinson, 
 Lord Bute's Secretary, brought me a message from 
 Lord Bute, informing me of an arrangement that 
 was proposed to be made, by which I was to resign 
 the seals of Secretary of State, which were intended 
 
 1 Mr. Jenkinson.
 
 1762. MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 483 
 
 to be given to Lord Halifax, whom I was to suc- 
 ceed as First Lord of the Admiralty, and that it was 
 proposed that Mr. Fox should take the lead in the 
 House of Commons, and the next day October 10th, 
 Lord Bute wrote to me to desire to see me. We accord- 
 ingly met, October 11th, when the intended plan was 
 opened fully to me, together with the reasons assigned 
 for it, which were the necessity of a more extended plan 
 to resist the design that had been formed to give law to 
 the King. The opinion I had declared some time ago of 
 the difficulties to carry on the business of the House of 
 Commons, without being authorized to talk to the mem- 
 bers of that House upon their several claims and pre- 
 tensions 1 , and having them communicated through me 
 to Lord Bute and to the King, which was a circumstance 
 that Lord Bute could not consent to ; the frequent dif- 
 ferences of opinion in the Cabinet which had transpired, 
 and were publicly talked of in the City, particularly my 
 differing with the rest of the King's servants about St\ 
 Lucia being given up, and lately about the Havannah 
 being restored without a compensation, which, however, 
 Lord Bute was now determined to insist upon ; and 
 lastly, with regard to the laying the Preliminaries of the 
 ensuing Peace before Parliament for their opinion pre- 
 vious to their being signed, which I had earnestly wished 
 and recommended. These matters were stated with the 
 
 1 This seems but a reasonable demand upon the part of Mr. G ren- 
 ville, and there can be little doubt but that it was stipulated by Fox, 
 before he accepted the management of the House of Commons, that 
 the members of that House should be dependant upon himself person- 
 ally, without the interference of Lord Bute; that he should be enabled 
 to talk to them, or, in other words, to traffic with them for the purchase 
 of their votes : so notoriously corrupt were the Members of the House 
 of Commons at this period ! 
 
 I I 2
 
 484 MR. GRENVILLE'S NARRATIVE. 1762. 
 
 utmost civility, but with great marks of uneasiness, and 
 the warmest expressions of friendship from Lord Bute 
 to me, desiring and earnestly hoping that neither this 
 nor any other circumstance might ever diminish it in 
 the least. To this I answered that I had declined en- 
 tering into this subject with Mr. Jenkinson, but that I 
 owned I had received the communication of it with the 
 greatest surprise ; that I desired to know before I gave 
 any answer whatever, whether the King was in any in- 
 stance displeased with me, or whether Lord Bute thought 
 that he had the least reason to complain of me in any 
 respect ; that it was absolutely necessary for me to know 
 this, and to set it on a right footing in the first place, 
 before I proceeded to the consideration of anything else. 
 Lord Bute would scarce suffer me to state this question 
 before he interrupted me with the strongest assurances 
 of the high opinion and good-will the King entertained 
 of me ; that this was at no point of time in my life higher 
 than in the present moment ; that the King depended 
 upon my services to his Government, which he hoped to 
 avail himself of, even in a more material instance than 
 what he now destined me to ; that he, Lord Bute, knew 
 mv zeal and attachment to the King, and had therefore 
 always wished to see me at the head of the Treasury ; 
 that he knew 7 my fitness and talents for that great de- 
 partment, and felt thoroughly how unfit he was for it ; 
 that the King had urged him and compelled him first to 
 take the seals of Secretary of State, and afterwards to 
 come to the head of the Treasury ; that he had been 
 heartily tired of the first, and was now still more weary 
 of the second, not knowing the language he was to hold, 
 and the manner of dealing with the monied people and 
 the merchants ; that from these considerations he had
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 485 
 
 besought the King for some weeks together to permit 
 him to retire from it, but that his instances had made 
 the King so uneasy, that he frequently sat for hours toge- 
 ther leaning his head upon his arm without speaking ; 
 that one of the highest rank who was deservedly most 
 dear to the King (by the manner of which expression 
 I was rather led to understand the Queen, although it 
 might be applicable to the Princess Dowager of Wales) 
 having observed it, had earnestly desired him, Lord 
 Bute, to give ease and tranquillity to the King's mind ; 
 that accordingly he had told the King that he was 
 ready to do whatever His Majesty liked, being devoted to 
 his service and bound by every tie of duty, gratitude, and 
 inclination, to look upon any sacrifice of himself as 
 nothing when compared to what he owed to His Majesty ; 
 that from this motive only he had consented to stay 
 where he was, and to think of some plan to assist the 
 most amiable Prince that ever sat upon the throne, and 
 to prevent his being delivered up to receive the law from 
 a wicked faction who tried to avail themselves of . . . 
 . . . (imperfect). 
 
 MR, WILKES TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Winchester, October 12, 1702. 
 My Lord, — I beg pardon for an omission I was 
 guilty of at Stowe, in not mentioning the unanimous 
 desire of all the gentlemen at the Quarter Sessions that 
 the Address might be presented as soon as possible to 
 His Majesty, and might be inserted in several of the 
 newspapers. I had the earnest command of the whole
 
 486 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 company to submit both these requests to your Lord- 
 ship 1 . 
 
 The affair between Lord T. and me is much talked 
 of, and the camp censure Lord T. for firing only one 
 pistol ; the seconds both having declared that before we 
 went out, Lord T. asked me how many rounds we 
 should fire, and my answer was, Just as many as your 
 Lordship pleases. 
 
 I am caressed more than I will tell ; and a most 
 favourite object, whom I have unsuccessfully made 
 tenders to ever since I first saw her here, now whispers 
 me that she will trust her honour at the first Shepherd's 
 minute to a man who takes so much care of his own. I 
 must look into my old friend Johnson for what is 
 synonymous to the word honour, to guess at the fair 
 one's meaning. 
 
 I have been with Dr. Burton, the Master of Win- 
 chester College, and desired to see the boy 2 in his 
 presence. This he has absolutely refused from motives 
 of fear to himself, but he gives me to understand that 
 neither himself nor any person there believed the story ^ 
 Mr. Charles Lowndes accompanied me. I believe the 
 truth is, that the boy, conscious of having grossly abused 
 me often, and fearing a complaint, invented part of this 
 story, which the Auditor has finely cooked up. The 
 bookseller is warm in my defence, though his interest 
 
 1 The Address from the county of Buckingham was inserted in the 
 London Gazette of October 16th. 
 
 2 The boy was a son of Lord Bute's, and a Scholar at Winchester 
 College : he invented some silly story about an imaginary conversation 
 with Wilkes, which had been magnified into a political affair by the 
 Auditor, a weekly paper in opposition to the North Briton. Some 
 letters on the subject are to be seen in No. 21 of the North Briton.
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 487 
 
 lies so strongly the other way, and your Lordship has 
 seen Dr. Brocklesby's curious narrative. 
 
 My last idle song has never been out of my hands, so 
 much do I improve from the kind hints of Stowe. It 
 is, however, much polished, and at last, I hope, not bad. 
 
 It concludes — 
 
 " The King gave but one ; but like t' other Scot Chartres, 
 All England to hang him would give him both garters : 
 And, good Lord ! how the rabble would laugh and would hoot, 
 Could they once set a swinging this John Earl of ." 
 
 I forgot to ask if your Lordship had received the 
 cover of the letter opened from Windsor. I beg to 
 subjoin the copy of a note from the College on the com- 
 plaint of the young gentlemen against one of my men, 
 about a month ago. I am, with the most real regard, 
 your Lordship's most obliged humble Servant, 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 
 (Dr. Burton and the young gentlemen of the College 
 send their compliments to Colonel Wilkes, and are very 
 much obliged to him for doing them justice, but that 
 they desire that the man may be released only for to 
 come to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock to beg the boy's 
 pardon. 
 
 Bowyer and Pitt could not stay, and so they wrote it 
 
 down. 
 
 The man begged pardon in form.) 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO EARL TEMPLE. 
 
 Piccadilly, October 12, 17G2. 
 My Lord, — Yesterday I was honoured with your 
 Lordships commands, and this day I presented to the
 
 488 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 King the Buckinghamshire Address, which was received 
 most graciously by His Majesty. 
 
 I feel most sensibly the great honour derived to the 
 arms of this country by the conquest of the Havannah : 
 and your Lordship's obliging expressions to me on the 
 share I may have had in an event so honourable, and I 
 trust so beneficial to my country, deserve my most 
 sincere thanks ; glad at all times of any opportunity of 
 testifying the great respect with which I have the 
 honour to be, my Lord, &c, &c. Egremont. 
 
 P.S. This morning I had an express with news of 
 the retaking St. John's Fort at Newfoundland. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, October 17, 1762. 
 
 My dear Colonel, — I transmitted this day se'nnight 
 our Buckinghamshire Address to the Earl of Egremont, 
 and his Lordship informed me by letter, that he pre- 
 sented it to the King on Tuesday last, who was pleased 
 to receive it most graciously : it was not printed in the 
 Gazette of that night, but I take it for granted shows 
 its honest face amongst others in that of yesterday. I 
 do not recollect seeing others of the same sort in other 
 public papers, and therefore think it is not proper for 
 me to take any step in inserting it : any private indi- 
 vidual may if he please. 
 
 We are preparing a crown of laurels with myrtles to 
 
 grace the Hero when next we see him 
 
 Your song is a 
 
 d d one : I wish it burnt, as well as I remember it,
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 489 
 
 but I was indeed so ill when I saw you, I did not quite 
 attend to it. 
 
 I think it strange that Dr. Burton should decline 
 letting you see the young gentleman : it certainly opens 
 a door to many unfavourable constructions. The 
 
 A r, I see, is determined to heap falsehood upon 
 
 falsehood, and then drag me in ; this is very infamous, 
 but I despise it all. I received the cover you mention ; 
 I am so used to things of this sort at the Post Office, 
 and am so sure that every line I write must be seen, 
 that I never put anything in black and white which 
 might not be read at Charing Cross, for all I care. 
 You say you improve from my kind advice : God knows 
 it is but very slowly ; I wish I could brag of it. 
 
 Parce puer stimulis et fortius utere loris ; give your- 
 self up to parliamentary labours, and let applauding 
 senates give testimony to the excellent talents of the 
 gallant gay Lothario. I wish you had been, and were, 
 deprived of pen, ink, and paper for some time, that all 
 your ideas might concentre in the great object of 
 eloquence, even though it were at the expense of my 
 not hearing from vou. 
 
 CD «r 
 
 George G., first Lord of the Admiralty ; Fox the 
 lead in the House of Commons. Adieu! believe me 
 ever most faithfully yours, &c. T. 
 
 MR. WILKES TO 
 
 Winchester, Monday, October 18 (17(32). 
 I have at last <rot the Auditor, and I shall send vou 
 by next Saturday a letter to the North Briton, which is 
 
 1 Probably the publisher of the North Briton. There is some 
 mystery attached to this letter : it is ostensibly addressed by Wilkes to
 
 490 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 
 
 1762. 
 
 a full justification of myself from the charge of the boy. 
 Mr. Churchill undertakes for the next Saturday, but 
 room must be left for a letter of about two pages. 
 
 In all events you have a paper with the motto 
 et cantare pares et respo7idere parati. 
 
 I am really well pleased with last Saturday's North 
 Briton. You remember the public trial of Lord T. 
 and the D. of B. for crim. con. The Auditor is getting 
 foolishly civil, I think ; but I will soon trim him, and 
 his old master Fox, who I hear is now declared a chief 
 Minister, &c. Pray write to me all news, and by every 
 post. 
 
 I am impatient for my Essay on Woman. Let it be 
 on very good paper : two proofs. 
 
 I shall not be in town 'till the second week in 
 November ; then no more to quit London. Let every- 
 thing be sent here. I am, Sir, your most humble 
 Servant, John Wilkes. 
 
 You may always send to Mr. Churchill, at Mr. 
 Horner's, in Tothill Street, Westminster. 
 
 (No direction.) 
 
 Great George Street. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, October 21, 1762. 
 My dear Colonel, — I received both your letters, 
 and have only to recommend you, for your own sake, 
 
 a correspondent in Loudon, but it is entirely in the handwriting of Lord 
 Temple. Why it should have been copied by Lord T., I am at a loss 
 to coujecture, unless it were for some purpose connected with the 
 subsequent trial of Wilkes for the publication of No. 45, and the 
 Essay on Woman. The letter alluded to about the boy was inserted 
 in the North Briton of the following Saturday.
 
 1762. 
 
 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 491 
 
 that of the corps, and of the Militia in general, that 
 the political differences of opinion which will possibly 
 exist betwixt you and your associates, may in no man- 
 ner whatever clash with the public service ; but that 
 you will show by your temper, discretion, reserve, and 
 sobriety of conduct, how much you are an officer, and 
 how well you know the proprieties of situation. For- 
 give the liberty I take, and be assured it proceeds from 
 the best intentions towards you, the regiment, and the 
 public. 
 
 Your own cool reflection will suggest so much to you, 
 stronger and more varied than what I have said, that 
 I quit the subject which you indeed had wisely fore- 
 stalled. 
 
 You have sent me lately several scraps of verses ; 
 I would beg of you to send me no more. 
 
 It will always be a pleasure to me to hear of the 
 welfare of the corps, but anything of the least delicacy 
 ought never to be conveyed by the post : every day's 
 experience must surely convince you of it. 
 
 I am not yet quite recovered, and Lady Temple is 
 fallen ill afresh. I am ever, most truly and affection- 
 ately, yours, Temple. 
 
 I am glad to hear the Auditor's Winchester story is 
 likely to be fully cleared up to your entire disculpation. 
 What I have observed to you cannot be too strongly 
 inculcated amongst your officers. 
 
 You say you know all eyes will be upon you ; 
 remember, too, all ears will be open in Parliament.
 
 492 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 MR. GRENVILLE TO THE EARL OF EGREMONT. 
 
 Great George Street, half an hour past 1 1 at night. 
 
 October 24, 1762. 
 
 My dear Lord, — The large packet of papers, con- 
 taining your draft of the observations on the contre 
 projet, and of your very important despatches to the 
 Duke of Bedford, was brought to me five minutes before 
 eleven ; and although I have scarcely had time to read 
 them once over in the most cursory manner, yet as you 
 tell me in the envelope that I am desired to send them 
 back as soon as may be, His Majesty being very im- 
 patient for the despatch of the messenger, I determined 
 upon no account to detain them, as I dare say they have 
 been thoroughly considered, which makes any observa- 
 tion of mine still less necessary. I have, however, en- 
 closed a little note, with a short observation upon an ex- 
 pression in the 10th article, in which I am most pro- 
 bably mistaken, as I see by your letter apart to the Duke 
 of Bedford, that this article has been settled with the 
 Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the East India 
 Company, who are chiefly concerned in it. 
 
 The 25 th article, relative to the captures, is, I take 
 it for granted, agreeable to former instances, though it 
 seems to me that the term of twelve days in the Channel 
 and the Northern Seas, and six months in the East 
 Indies, is so short a space that it may scarce be possible 
 for the parties concerned to have notice sent to them. 
 I cannot close my letter without repeating to you now 
 upon the subject of the minute of the Cabinet Council 
 sent to the Duke of Bedford, the same observation that 
 I made to you upon a former occasion of the same
 
 1762. GRENVILLE PAPERS. 493 
 
 nature, and which I mentioned at the Cabinet Council 
 the day before yesterday, when this minute was taken. 
 
 I have not changed my opinion with regard to the 
 cession of Guadaloupe and St. Lucia, but His Majesty 
 having repeatedly declared to the Court of France his 
 consent to that cession, in consequence of the opinion of 
 the rest of his servants, I do not understand that this 
 article can now be made the subject of deliberation. I 
 am ever, &c, &c. George Grenville. 
 
 THE EARL OF EGREMONT TO MR. GRENVILLE. 
 
 Monday moruiug (October 25, 1762). 
 
 Dear Sir, — When I ordered the note to be wrote on 
 the back of the case that enclosed the papers, I was in 
 hopes to have despatched this morning, but as I now 
 find it impossible, I send you back the papers for any 
 farther consideration you may please to give them : 
 happy to have your remarks and corrections. 
 
 As to your note on the East India Company article, 
 it struck me as you, but it is meant acquisitions made by 
 France. 
 
 As to the 25th article, relative to captures, I ordered 
 them to draw it according to former precedents, which, 
 if they have mistaken, it shall be rectified, as I really 
 have not had time to compare it myself. 
 
 The article of Santa Lucia having been ceded some 
 months ago, was certainly not a subject of deliberation 
 at the last Council, and the minute was ordered to be 
 sent to the Duke of Bedford, to show his Grace that 
 it was not a private correspondence between him and 
 me, as one might collect from his last two letters. I am 
 &c, &c. Egremont.
 
 494 GRENVILLE PAPERS. 1762. 
 
 EARL TEMPLE TO MR. WILKES. 
 
 Stowe, November 2, 1762. 
 
 What a tarn Marte quam Mercurio kind of an inso- 
 lent triumph! Why am 1 to be insulted with a narration 
 of feats worthy of the days of ancient chivalry ? — days 
 and nights, too, of which I have scarce a faint idea even 
 in remembrance. Why can you never proceed to single 
 combat, but I must hear from you ? Your last account, 
 indeed, is of a kind a little more subject to envy than 
 your former, and I hope you will keep to personal 
 engagements of that kind only. 
 
 You give me hopes of seeing you here before the 
 Senate meets ; always happy in your company, though 
 the Auditor's fertile invention should contrive an 
 hundred new falsehoods ; that egregious one concerning 
 Master Fred 1 . I think you have fully refuted. I am 
 ever, mv dear Colonel's most devoted Temple. 
 
 1 See page 486 — note. 
 
 END OF VOL. I. 
 
 G. Woodfall and Son, Printers, Angel Court, Skinner Street London.
 
 50, Albemarle Street. London. 
 November, 1851. 
 
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 12 LIST OF WORKS 
 
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 14 LIST OF WORKS 
 
 GEOTE'S (George) History of Greece. From the Earliest Period. 
 
 Vols. I. to X. Maps. 8vo. 16s. each. The Work was published as 
 
 follows : — ■ 
 
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 the Battle of Marathon. 
 
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 Vols. VII. and VIII. — The Peace of Nikias down to the Battle of 
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 Vols. IX. and X. — From the Restoration of the Democracy at Athens 
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 Democracy in France. Sixth Edition. 8vo. 3s. 6c?. 
 
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 HALLAM'S (Henry) Constitutional History of England, from the 
 
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 View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages. 
 
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 Introduction to the Literary History of Europe, during 
 
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 HASE'S ANCIENT GEEEKS; their Public and Private Life, 
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 HAND-BOOK (Murray's) OF TRAVEL-TALK ; or, Conversations 
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 16 LIST OF WORKS 
 
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 PUBLISHED BY MR. MURRAY. 19 
 
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 22 LIST OF WORKS 
 
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 PUBLISHED BY MR. MURRAY. 23 
 
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 •24 LIST OF "WORKS 
 
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