L5i4RARY ■;iTy O? CALIFOIJNiA JJ^^ -5-7 r.u. T 2 STA IT. OF CALIFORNIA 1)1 I' \Rr,\1l NT OF WAIIR RI SOLRCIvS DIVISION' OI" UrsOlRCIS I'l ANNINC; Bulletin No. 65-59 QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN CALIFORNIA 1959 PART I NORTHERN AND CENTRAL CALIFORNIA Edmund G. Brown Governor July 1961 William F. Wamc Director of Water Resources UNIVERSITY or CALIFORNI DAVIS MA.^ 1362 LJQRARY SIA n Ol ( \I II ()R\IA [)rPAR IMIM OK W A 1 1 R Rl SOL RCFS l)l\ISIC)N OK RlJiOLRClS PlANMNCi Bulletin No. 65-59 QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN CALIFORNIA 1959 PART I NORTHERN AND CENTRAL CALIFORNIA Edmund C;. Brow n Willi.im I". \\;irnc Governor Director of \\ ater Resources July 1961 '^ R /: ii U X SIATt 01 CAliFO«NlA DEPARTMENT Of WATER RESOURCES DIVISION Of •esOUICIS PIANNINO QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN CALIFORNIA, 1959 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REGIONS NORTHERN AND CENTRAL CALIFORNIA •« REGION BOUNDARIES — REGION 3 SUBAREA BOUNDARIES AREA REPORTED IN PART II Of BULLETIN 65 39 V B X 1 TABLE OF COyrENTS FRONTISPIECE Ill LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL vlil ORGANIZATION, STATE DEPARTMElfT OF WATER RESOURCES x ORGANIZATION, CALIFORNIA WATER COMMISSION xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xii INTRODUCTION 1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY, DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES 6 MONITORING PROGRAM Suimnsu'y 6 North Coastal Region (No. l) 7 Klamath River Basin 9 Smith River Basin 38 Redwood Creek and Mad River Unit ^2 Eel River Basin h8 Mattole River-Mendocino Coast Unit 6*i Russian River Beisin 76 San Francisco Bay Region (No. 2) 8? Napa River Basin 88 Alameda Creek Basin 92 Coyote Creek Basin 98 Los Gatos Creek Basin 102 Central Coastal Region (No. 3) 1°"^ San Lorenzo River Basin 108 Soquel Creek Basin 112 Pajaro River Basin Il6 Salinas River Basin 12U Page Central Coastal Region (No. 3) (Cont.) Carmel River Basin 128 Central Valley Region (No. 5) 133 Sacramento River Valley (5aj 136 Sacramento River Unit 137 McCloud River Basin I60 Pit River Basin I6U Redding Stream Unit I7I+ Westside Stream Unit 19O Sacramento Valley Northeast Stream Unit 2l6 Feather River Basin 230 Yuba-Bear River Unit 2U0 American River Basin .... 250 San Joaquin River Valley (513) 260 San Joaquin River Unit 262 Fresno River Basin 280 Chovchilla River and Bear Creek Unit 28^+ Merced River Basin 29O Tuolumne River Basin 296 Stanislaus River Basin 30U Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (5c) 310 Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta 311 Cosiimnes River Basin 350 Mokelumne River Basin 356 Calaveras River Basin 362 vi Page Central Valley Region (No. 5) (Cont.) Tulare Lsike Drainage (5d) 368 Kings River Basin 37O Kaweah River Basin 378 Tule River Basin 382 Kern River Basin 386 Lahontsm Region (No. 6) 395 Susan River Basin 396 Truckee River Basin UOO Carson River Basin Ul2 Walker River Basin U18 l-.URFACE WATER QUALITY, QTHF-R AGENCIES' MONITORING PROGRAMS .... U25 PIJi.TES ; la- o lo. 1 St-reaa Sampling Sta'^ions, North Coastal Region (No. l) Following page 86 2 Stream Sampling Stations, San Francisco Bay Region (No. 2) Following page 106 3 Stream Sampling Stations, Central Coastal Region (No. 3) Following page 132 k Stream Sampling Stations, Central Valley Region (No. 5) Following page ^Sh 5 Stream Sampling Stations, Lahontan Region (No. 6) Following page 1;2U APPENDIXES A Procedures and Criteria A-1 B Basic Data B-1 vii EDMUND G. BROWN WILLIAM E. WARNE Govebnor ADDRESS REPL' Director p q box 388 Sacp II20N STREET HI O STATE OF CALIFORNIA SACRAMENTO JUL 1 19R( Honorable Edmund G. Brown, Governor, and Members of the Legislature of the State of California Water Pollution Control Boards Gentlemen: I have the honor to transmit Bvilletin No. 65-59, entitled "Quality of Surface Waters in California, 1959, Part I, Northern and Central California" . The period January through December 1959 is covered in this fifth volume of a continuing chronological series on qtiality of svirface waters in California. Surface waters in Northern and Central California are discussed in Part I; Southern California siorface water quality will be reported in Part II. At the request of the State Water Pollution Control Board, a statewide siirface water monitoring program was commenced in April I95I. As authorized by Section 229 of the Water Code, the Department of Water Resources has administered this program in cooperation with the State De- partment of Public Health, Bureau of Sanitary Engineering; the State Depart- ment of Fish and Game; the United States Geological Survey; and varioxis other agencies and individimls. Under the statewide program samples from 210 stations, located on IU3 different water sources, are collected and analyzed monthly to maintain surveillance on quality of sxirface waters in California. This volume reports the results of monitoring at 178 of these stations, located on 110 streams and lakes, in Northern and Central Cali- fornia. During I959 quality of surface waters in Northern and Central California was generally excellent, with only insignificant changes from previovis years. During late summer and fall, the lower San Joaquin River and the Sacramento-3an Joaquin Delta contained water with mineral concen- trations which were the maximum of record. The high mineral concentrations often caused the water to be classed as poor in quality. The poor quality water was attributed to low flows, resulting from below normal precipitation, which afforded only minor dilution to poor quality drainage and effluent ground waters entering the lower reach of the river and the delta. Part II of this bulletin, which will inclvuie an evaluation of surface water quality conditions in Southern CeLllfomia, will be published at a later date. Sincerely yours, C^l/lXiu^^ f-tjTi^ Director ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OF RESOURCES PLANNING William E. Weime Director of Water Resoiirces James F. Wright Chief Deputy Director Alfred R. Golze' Chief Engineer William L. Berry Chief Engineer, Division of Resources Planning Irvin M. Ingerson Chief, Engineering Services Branch The activities in Northern California covered by this report and the preparation of this report were under the direction of Meyer Kramsky Principal Engineer, Water Resources Supervisor of activities in Northern California covered by this report was Willard R. Slater Supervising Engineer, Water Resources This report was prepared by Wayne S. Gentry Associate Engineer, Water Resources James M. Windsor Assistant Civil Engineer Assisted by Curtis J. Peterson Junior Civil Engineer Edwin E. Crawford Civil Engineering Technician Harlan Proctor Engineering Aid II James K. Eberly Engineering Aid II ORGANIZATION CALIFORNIA WATER COMMISSION WilliEun H. Jennings, Chairman Ralph M. Brody George C. Fleharty John W. Bryant Jo^n J- ^^^"8 John P. Bunker Samuel B. Morris Ira J. Chrisman Marion R. Walker William M. Carah Executive Secretary George B. Gleason Chief Engineer xl ACKMOWLEDGMENTS The extensive coverage of the statewide surface water monitoring prograa is made possible throvigh cooperation of federal, state and local agencies. The helpful cooperation of the following agencies is gratefully- acknowledged: Federal Agencies Department of the Army- Corps of Engineers Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Geological Survey Department of Health, Education and Welfare Puhlic Health Service State Agencies California Disaster Office, Radiological Service Depeurtment of Fish and Game Department of Public Health Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Division of Laboratories State Water Pollution Control Board Other Public Agencies City and County of San Francisco Kern County Land COTii>any Kings River Water Association xii The Department of Wauer Rtsources vlshes to especially thank the following federal and state agencies who granted permission for Inclusion In this report of unpublished water quality data collected under various progreuns: United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Geological Survey Central Valley Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. 5) In addition, the United States Geological Survey performed a substantiail portion of the analyses required by this program under a cooperative agreement with the Department of Water Resources . The bacteriological determinations were made by the California State Department of Public Health and the radiological determinations by the California Disaster Office under provisions of an agreement with the State Water Pollution Control Board. xlii INTRODUCTION Bulletin No. 65-59 is the fifth volume In a aeries on surface water quality conditions in California. Data presented were collected by the Department of Water Resources' surface water monitoring program and other public agencies in California. In addition to basic data, this bulletin contains evaluations and interpretations of significant quality variations detected during 1959 and, where possible, an explanation of the causes of these variations. To disseminate quality data as soon as practicable, the department also publishes, and distributes a monthly report containing data and preliminary evaluations of detected quality variations. These reports are distributed to pollution control, public health, and other agencies and individuals. An abundant and usable source of water is an essential commodity in man's present environment. To insure that California's rapidly expanding economy and increasing population are provided with a usable supply of water an effective surveillance program aust be maintained. The early detection suid control of quality Impairment is necessary, In order to insure the fullest beneficial use of the State's water resources. Realizing the need for a detection system, the State of California initiated a statewide surface water monitoring prograa in April 1951. Since that time the monitoring program has been conducted by the Department of Water Resources in cooperation with numerous agencies and Individuals. Other agencies have also maintained monitoring stations at various places thrOTjghout the State. -1- Part I of this bulletin presents water quality data and an evaluation of surface water quality conditions in Water Pollution Control Regions 1 and 2, the portion of Region 3 north of the San Antonio- Salinas River drainage boundary, Region 5, and the portion of Region 6 north of the Mono Lake drainage divide. Part II, to be published at a later date, will present data and an evaluation of surface water quality conditions in the southern portion of Region 3 (Santa Ynez, Santa Maria, Hauiimlento, and San Antonio Rivers and the portion of SsLLlnas River upstream from the confluence of San Antonio River), all of Region k, Region 6 south of the northern Mono Lake drainage boundary and all of Regions 7, 8 and 9. The regions and the areas reported on in this volume are shown on the frontispiece map. The 1959 stream sampling programs reported herein comprised the collection of water samples and analyses frcm 178 stations on 110 streams and lakes throughout Northern and Central California. Previous quality monitoring data are included in the following report and bulletins: California Department of Public Works, Division of Water Resources, Water Quality Investigations, Report No. 15, "Quality of Surface Waters in California, 1951-195 **" California Department of Water Resources, Division of Resources Planning, Bulletin No. 65, "Quality of Surface Waters in California, 1955-1956" — . Bulletin No. 65-57, "Queaity of Surface Waters In California, 1957" . Bulletin No. 65-58, "Quality of Surface Waters in California, 1958" The activities of the department's siirface water monitoring program are authorized by Section 229 of the Water Code, which directs that: "The department, . . . ghall inveotlgate condition* of the quality of all waters within the State, Including saline waters, coastal and Inland, aa related to all •ources of pollution of whatever nature and shall report thereon to the Legislature and to the appropriate regional water pollution control board annually, amd nay reconmend any steps which Bight be taken to laprOTB or protect the quality of such waters. " The basic objectives of the departaent's surfeure water quality ■onitoring program are: (a) to secure continuous eind reliable water quality data, on a monthly basis, from a network of stations which will provide representative data pertaining to the quality of water in the major surface streams and lakes of the State; (b) to evaluate and interpret chemical, physlceil, biological and radiological information collected during the course of the program to develop a comprehensive understanding of the factors which make up and alter the water quality at any station; emd (c) to detect changes in water quality smd to notify the appropriate control agency, (regional water pollution control boards, state euQd local health depeu-tments , State Department of Fish and Game) when warranted. The discussion of water quality data collected by the Departaent of Water Resources' surface water monitoring program is presented in this bulletin, in successive order, by water pollution control regions which aun numbered and named substantially in accordance with the major surface drainage basins with which they are coterminous (see IVontispiece) . For convenience in presentation, the Central Valley Region (No. 5). has been divided into four separate areas, 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5<1. Area 5a embraces -3- the Sacramento Valley, 5b the San JoeujulB Valley, 5c the S«u:rajnento-San Joaquin Delta, and 5oor quality water was attributed to low flows, resulting from below normed precipitation, which afforded only minor dilution to poor quality drainage and effluent ground waters entering the lower reach of the rivers and the delta. -6- Worth Coastal Region (Wo. l) The North Coastal Region extends southward from the Oregon border 270 miles, to the northern boundary of La^^iinltas Creek Basin In Marin County, and ranges In -rldth from I60 miles at the Oregon boundary to 30 miles In the southern portion. Terrain of this region Is largely movmtalnous , vlth cliffs often several hundred feet high along the coast line, and steep canyons and nximerous ridges vith many peaks inland. Valley and aesa land, easily adaptable to agricultural development, comprises about 15 percent of the 19,586 square miles in this region. A fairly thick absorptive soil mantle covers much of the area and helps sustain stream flow throiogh drier portions of the year. Natural mean seaaonal surfauie runoff is estimated to exceed 28,800,000 acre-feet. Principal hydrograi*ilc units in this region Include the drednage basins of the Smith, Klamath, Mad, Eel, and Russian Rivers. Thirty- two sampling stations shown on Plate 1, "Surface Water Monitoring Program Stream Sampling Stations North Coastal Region (No. l)", are being monitored to obtain information and to provide a continuing check on the quality of surface water resources in the North Coastal Region, Monitored streams are listed below with the number of sampling stations ailong each in parentheses. Klamath River (5) Outlet Creek (l) Antelope Creek (l) Eel River, Middle Fork (l) Butte Creek (l) Eel River, South Fork (l) Shasta River (l) Van Duzen River (l) Scott River (l) Mattole River (l) Salmon River (l) Noyo River (l) Trinity River (3) Big River (l) Staith River (l) Navarro River (l) Redwood Creek (l) Gualala River (l) Mad River (l) Russian River (3) Eel River (3) Russian River, East Fork (l) -7- A review of quality data revealed surface water in the northern portion of this region to he predominantly calcium-magnesium bicarhonate, while streams in the remaining portions were generally calcivun bicarbonate in character. Excellent quality water for all but the most exacting requirements is found in North Coastal streams. During 1959 there was no appreciable change in the mineral quality of streams in the North Coastal Region . Fdamath River Bafiln The California portion of the Klamath River Baaln la located In the northern aectlon and comprises over one-half the North Coaatal Area, 'ttie watershed Includes all tributaries downstream from the boundary between Oregon and California blb well &b those portions of Butte Valley (a basin of interior drainage), Lost River and Tule Lake Basins that lie in California. The Klamath's main tributaries in California are Trinity, Salmon, Scott, Shasta, and Lost Rivers. T^ie Klamath River Basin encompasses 15,715 square miles of which approximately 10,020 square miles are in California. The average seasonal flow of the Klamath River into the Pacific Ocean is abcrut 12,500,000 acre-feet. Land cleissification surveys indicate approximately U05,000 acres of lemd in this basin are irrigable of which 182,000 acres are presently irrigated. The approximately 6,000,000 remaining acres are canprised of a series of mountain ranges separated by long, narrow river valleys. The mountainous areas and undeveloped valley lands are used extensively for livestock range, timber production, mining, and recreation. Support of fish aind wildlife is of major importance to the welfare of this basin. Numerous lumbermlll operations and small coomunitles discharge waste into the Klamath River. Most of these wastes are minor in quantity and do not result in a discernible quality impairment problem. Irrigation return causes some ralnerad impairment of tributaries to Klamath River; however, the overall effect is not significant. Thirteen surface water monitoring stations are located in the Klamath River Basin. "Hie following tabulation presents the naaes of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this basin and the page on which each is discussed. -9- Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Klamath River near Copco 12 KLaaaath River above Hamburg Reservoir Site lU Klamath River near Seiad Valley l6 Klamath River at Somesbar l8 Klamath River near Klamath 20 Antelope Creek near Tennant 22 Butte Creek near MacDoel 2k Shasta River near Yreka 26 Scott River near Fort Jones 28 Salmon River at Somesbar 30 Trinity River at Lewiston 32 Trinity River near Burnt Ranch 3U Trinity River near Hoopa 36 KLAMATH RIVER NEAR COPCO (STA. l) Sampling Point The monitoring station is located in Section 36 of Township k& North, Range 5 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank at the USGS gage 1 mile downstream from Copco No. 2 power plant of the California-Oregon Power Company, 5OO feet downstream frc»n Fall Creek. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Klamath River near Copco is excellent, a bicarbonate type with sodium as its most predominant cation, class 1 for irrigation, soft to slightly hard, and meets drinking water standards for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes Concentrations of dissolved oxygen were generally lower throughout 1959 with the minimum of record, k.J ppo, being reported in June. This apparent deoxygenation of the river was possibly caused by algal bloom die-off, resulting in an increased B.O.D. along this reach. -12- WATER QUALITY RANGES ] It- Naxlwior laoor i malm of Raeortt Naxla« . 1959 HHUMi • 1959 TM|>«r>tur< In "T r*nm\X. aatn-atlon PH K1 7li 11. 1. 11) 8.? 171 J5 li.T Ii9 6.1. m TO 8.7 77 7.8 U5 39 I..7 k9 Nlnaral eonaUtoaoU In parU par allUoa Calcl. (Ca) Nacnaalai (N|) 5o5l- (1.) PdUiiIo (%) Carbonat. (OOi) Bltartooala (BOOi) Sulftt. (SO. ) Chlorl<». (CI) lltrata (Ki) noorlda (f) BDrsn (B) Silica (SIO;) « 13 W k.6 0.0 11? 50 9.0 S.li 0.6 0.30 ti? 5.1 3.6 6.9 1.3 0.0 51i 8.0 0.0 1.? 0.0 0.0 5.) IJ 10 70 3.3 0.0 98 79 9.0 3.0 0.3 0.1 111 10 6.1 17 7.6 0.0 77 8.0 7.8 1.7 0.7 0.0 7? Tetal 7,000. 0.90 0.52 72.9 ?•» 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,000. 0.90 0.37 7.93 2.05 0.78 0.00 0.36 6.18 0.79 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS kOO n! r ''■''"'"' ' : " " Ml L , _ ty 350 =1 ^ ^ V\ V ^ iv 1 V ^ ! ! u ^ 1 9 : 6 LU. 000 ii • 6 000 fi 1 s5 1 '^ ( k ILr-;:!:/!:;:;;! /\i 1 \ / 1 000 ,^ ^ K-^ ^^ ^ ^^v:, - . ', .^ ' r V XT \ri - hrr.:.. .: KL ^^^ATH RIVER NE> kR COPCO (STA. 1) l-_ ^ KLAMATH RIVER ABOVE HAMBURG RESERVOIR SITE (STA. Ic) Sampling Point KLamath River monitoring Station Ic is located in Section Ik of Township k6 North, Range 10 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from a bridge on State Highway 96, in the center of the channel of flow, about 6 miles upstream from the mouth of Scott River, about 7 miles northeast of the town of Hamburg. Period of Record December I958 through December 1959. Water Quality CheLracteristics Mineral classification of analyses of samples from this station show the water to be a bicarbonate type with no major cation. Qualitatively, this river is class 1 for irrigation, soft to slightly hard, and meets drinking water standards for mineral content. The concentration of most mineral constituents In Klamath River between Station 1 near Copco and Station Ic are fairly comparable. Based upon limited data, it appears that the Shasta River at times may slightly degrade water quSLLlty of the Klamath in the re«u:h immediately above Station Ic. Slgnif leant Water Quality Changes None . .iJf- WATER QUALITY RANGES 1? 3 ion T? nmr»l eofMUlanta In p>rt« par allUon C«lclB (C«) NMnxKa (Nc) Vxtlo (la) Chloria. (Cl) ■ lU-at* (K>i) noorlij* (rj Boron (B) Slllu (SiO;) 1.6 0.0 85 Tbtal dliBlTad aoUda U parta pw allUon Collfora in bmi pnbabl* i !UnducUne« (ale BM-il coiwUta«U In p«rt« pn alllloa C«letai (C«) H«(nMlia (Mc) 3oDU«>lw (K) Carbon* t« (COi) Blc.rton.t. (fiOOj) Sulf.t. (S(V) Chloric*. (CI) mtriu (MOi) riuorld* (F) Bonn (B) SlUe* (SIO;) TbUl «lia (I) lUrboMl* (063) BlcarbomU (BOO)) 3air>t« (SO).) I part* par aUlloa CWo Bopoo (B) Silica (310;) Total dlaaalTwl aollda In parta par aiUlon •a CaOO^ In parta par alllion TMal lone TarMdl CoLlfora Radloact. □Isso SoUd SoUd at probabla mb«r par alllUltar iTlty Irad tlpha alpha aicro-«lcre curias par liter 0.36 lg.8^ WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS f 4:±-], /j\j \m 1) KLAMATH RIVER AT SOMESBAR (STA. 2) of? 0.10 "WSM/^: '5&E KLAMATH RIVER NEAR KLAMATH (STA. 3) Sampling Point Station 3 is located In Section IT of Township 13 North, Range 2 East, Hximboldt Base and Meridiem. Monthly grah samples were collected at mid-depth from the right bank at the USGS gaging station, about 6 miles upstream from the mouth, 3-3 miles east of Klamath (on Highway 101 ) and O.U mile upstream from Klamath Glen Road. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data reveal Klamath River water, at this station, to be excellent in quality, calcium bicarbonate in character and class 1 for irrigation. It consistently ranges from soft to slightly hard and meets drinking water steuadards for mineral content. In past years, Klamath River water, due to tributary inflow, has consistently undergone a grsuiual change in character from bicarbonate type with no predominant cation at Station 1 (near Copco) to a generally calcium bicarbonate type water at Station 3 (near Kla«ath) . A slight decrease in the concentration of constituents, on the order of 25 micromhos frcai the upstream station to the downstream station, has also been noted. Analyses of water samples collected from the Klamath River at Stations Ic and 2b disclose that the concentration of mineral constituents in the iriver normsLLly incresise to a maximum in the vicinity of these two stations. Mineral content again decreases, as tributary inflows dilute mineral concentration, to a minimum at Station 3- Significant Water Quality Changes None . -20- WATER QUALITY RANGES NUUmb of RMerd Sp»ciric conJucUne* (aloraaliM at JSOC) C*lclB {Cm) ItacnMlaa (M() Sodln (I.) f>OUl9lW (K) C*rboMt« (CDi) Blcarbonat* (HOOj) Sulf.t. CSft) eWorld. (Ct) mu-.t. (iBi) riuorld. (F) Boron (B) SlUe* (SIO?) put* pw allllot 0.3 0.5". ?9 Total dliaolTwJ loUda In p»rU pw alUlon HoncarboQAt* TttrWdUr Colifon In mat probabla nuabar par ■iUllltar RadloacUntr In »lcro-«lcro curias par liter Qlsaolrad alpha Solid alpha OlasolTad bata SoUd bata 0.19 11 sf 1= ba WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS m -f-WsB KLAAAATH RIVER NEAR KLAAAATH (STA. 3) AMTELOPE CREEK NEAR TEMAMT (STA. le) Sampling Point The station Is located In Section 25 of Township ^^3 North, Range 1 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank. The sampling point Is k miles downstream from Frog Lake, 17 miles southeast of the town of Mount Hebron, and 2.5 miles south of Tennant. Period of Record March 1959 through December 1959 . Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses of samples of Antelope Creek show It to be calcium bicarbonate In character, class 1 for Irrigation, soft, and meets drinking water standards for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -22- WATER QUALITY RANGES Mlnmrtl C«lclM (Ca) HMnMlai (Nt) Sodlta (l>) I>DUailai (K) nmXa In part* par ■llUaD SuU.l. (S(V) CMorliJ* (CI) ■ ItraU (K>3) nooria* (P) Boron (B] Silica (SIO2) (BOO)) 9.6 6.0 Total dlaaolTad aoUda In parta par alllloa Tartddlty (lot Naaaured) CollTora In a RatfloacUnt/ In alcra-«lcro DtaaolTad alpha SoUd alpba DLaaolnd bata SoUd bata ■llllUtar (Hot par Uter WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS iiiiiiiii|iiiiM[i|iiiiiiiiiii|iiia[iaii|iii[iiiiiij. ^ ANTELOPE CREEK NEAR TENNANT (STA. 1e) ''^^^3 a BUTTE CREEK NEAR MACDCEL (STA. Id) Sempllag Point Station Id is located in Section 30 of Township U5 North, Range 1 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank 7-5 miles downstream frcan Little Antelope Creek and 7 miles south of Macdoel. Period of Record March 1959 throvigh December 1959. Water QueLlity Characteristics Samples of water from Butte Creek are a bicarbonate type with calcium and magnesium as major cations. This water is excellent in quality, clsiss 1 for irrigation, soft, smd has a mineral content within the limits for drinking water. Significsmt Water Quality Changes None . .2k. WATER QUALITY RANGES 3p«ciric conducUnc* (alerortiM at TS^c) C«lcllB (C«) NariMlv (M«) Swtln (I*) CATboruta (OO3) Blcwtunct* (HOO]) Sulf.l. {Sar par alllUltar RadloacUrlty In alero-alcre curies par liter Olssolred alpha Solid alpha DlaeolTed beta SoUd bala WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS scon RIVER NEAR FORT JONES (ST A. lb) 2.1 3 SALMON RIVER AT SONESBAR (STA. 2a) Saapllng Point Station 2a is located in Section 1 of Township 11 North, Range 6 East, Humboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly wa^-er samples were collected at mid-depth, from the right bank, 0.5 mile east of Somesbar post office and 3 miles upstream from the confluence with the Klamath River. Period of Record November 1958 throvigh December 1959 • Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data classify flow in Salmon River as excellent in quality, bicarbonate in character, soft to slightly hard, class 1 for irrigation and well within drinking water standards for mineral, content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■30- WATER QUALITY RANGES 9p«eirie eoaAiot«no« (i T«K>u-«lur« in "T Inaral coMtltaanta la part* Calclo (C«) natn—lm (N() .t. (fiOOj) (SO,,) (ci) noorid. (r) Boron (B) Sllle* (310;) ToUl dliaolTKj toUda In fuXa pu- Million Collfo ■ost protwbl* niMbsr par ■lUllltw ■or liter RadlMctlrlty In alero-alcro UisolTw) alpha Solid alpha DiBsolTad boU SoUd bota WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS [|]||!!!!![!!!!!|!!R!lilll[||!!l!!!![l!|!!!!!!!!!![)lj 2.ZO 2,00 l,6or. l,20r. I solT«d ■olida In put* pw alllloo Parcwit Kxllia Colirorm In aiMt prolwbl* nabar par ■lUllltar RadioactlTltj In aicro-aicro curies par Liter OisiolTad alpha SoUd alpha DUsolTad bau SoUd I TRUHTr river hear burmt rahch (sta. kb) Sampling Point The Burnt Ranch station Is located in Section 19 of Township 5 North, Range J East, Humboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly grah sanrples were collected from aild-depth, from the left bank 500 feet upstream from Cedar Flat Creek, TOO feet upstream from Highway 299 bridge at Cedar Flat, and 2.3 miles southeast of the town of Burnt Ranch. Period of Record April I958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Peist water analyses from Station kb show the water to be excellent In quality, ceLLcium-metgnesium bicarbonate In ch€u?8M:ter, cleiss 1 for Irrigation, soft to slightly hard, and within drinking water standards for mineral content. A study of analyses of Trinity River waters reveals a slight Increase In mineral concentrations, on the order of 30 mlcromhos, occurs between Station Hsl (Lewis ton) and i^b. Significant Water Quality Changes Hone . .3k. WATER QUALITY RANGES mnUni of RMord Sp«a, 0.5 mile downstream from Campbell Creek on the Hoopa Indian Reservation, ajid 12 miles upstream frcan its confluence with Klamath River. Period of Record April 1951 throiigh December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Trinity River at Station k has historically been excellent in quality, magnesium-calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, soft to moderately hard, and within drinking water standards for mineral ccHitent. Past records indicate a gradual increase of about 15 micromhos in the concentration of most dissolved minerals between Station Ub, Burnt Ranch, and Station k. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -36- WATER QUALITY RANGES 10.0 CUelg ■ (C) NacnMto (Nf) So>l1 ■one* IttrMdlVr lUdloActlTltj In ftlcro-«lcro curlBa p«r UsiolTad alpha SoUd alpha WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS a^-^a^s^ p[Hi[i|H^[^!i:[|ii' TRINITY RIVER NEAR HOOPA (STA. 4) Staith River Basin •nie California portion of the Smith River Basin occupies approximately 78O square miles In the extreme northwest portion of the North Coastal Region. The major portion of the area is drained hy the Smith River whose Middle and South Forks originate on the western slope of the Siskiyou Mountains, and whose North Fork has its headwaters in Curry County, Oregon, "nie basin is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the California-Oregon state line to the north, the Del Norte- Slsklyou County line to the east, and the Klamath River watershed divide to the south. Topography of the area is generally mountainous though Interrupted with numerous steep-walled canyons and stream valleys. Elevation varies from sea level to heights of over 6,000 feet. Total average annual runoff in the Smith River Basin is on the order of 2,900,000 acre-feet. Rough but relatively low mountains cover approximately 95 percent of this river unit. The Smith River Plain which lies along the coast covers about 50 square miles of agrlculturaQJ.y adaptable land. Logging and forest products constitute the leirgest source of incoae, followed in order of their importance by agriculture (deiirylng and bulb raising), mineral production, recreation and commerical fishing. Waste discharges constitute only a minor source of Inflow to the Smith River watershed and have not created a water Impairment problem. A surface water sampling station is maintained on Smith River neeu* Crescent City to monitor quality of runoff from this basin. •38- SMITH RIVER NEAR CRESCENT CITY (STA. 3a) Sampling Point Station 3a Is located In Section 10 of Township l6 North, Rajage 1 East, Humboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank at the USGS gage, 8 miles east of Crescent City, 0.5 mile downstiream from the south fork of the Smith River, and about 12 miles upstream frcMi the mouth. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses of this water have shown it to be excellent in quality, magnesium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, and soft to slightly hard. It has consistently met drinking water standards for minereil content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -IK). WATER QUALITY RANGES Spceirio ooodueUnc* (■ Ik. 7 MliMTd eoaaUta«u la purt* pur aUllea (Ulelm (Ca) Mfnmlrm (Me) Chlorl<». (Cl) lltrat* (NOi) floorld. (r) Boron (B) SlllM (310;) lid* In p*rt« par Billion Total dliaolTad P«rc»nt (odlw Rardneas aa CaOOi In parta par Billion TWal loncarteoaU Collfora In Boat probabla mabar par BlllUltar Radloactinty In bIcfo-bIcto curlaa par lltar Diaaolrad alpha SoUd alpba Solid bata 0.83 39.t>fl WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS Redvood Creek and Mad River Unit Mad River Is a large stream, draining a totsil of U96 squeure miles in Humboldt and Trinity Counties. Redwood Creek drains eua area of about 279 square miles, north of Mad River Basin in Humboldt County. Both of these sti^ams enter the Pacific Ocean and estimated mean annual runoffs of Mad River and Redwood Creek are 925,500 acre-feet and 823,500 acre-feet, respectively. Like other streams in the North Coeistal Region, precipitation and runoff are high during the winter months and generally quite low in the late svimmer and fall. In both of these stream basins a total of only 21 square miles is classed as va3.1ey and mesa land, the remaining area being a rugged mountainous terrain. Lumbering activities comprise the major users of surface waters in these basins; however, water is diverted from Mad River for use £is a municipal supply for the communities of Areata and Evireka. Both of these streams support runs of anadromous fish and resident trout and are considered to have significant value as recreational areas. Waste discharges entering these streams are insignificant and do not cause an impairment problem. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintadned to monitor quality of surface water in this basin and the page on which each is discussed. Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Redwood Creek at Orlck hk Mad River at Areata U6 .k2- REDWOOD CREEK AT ORICK (STA. 3b) Sampling Point Redwood Creek sampling station is located in Section k of Township 10 Horth, Range 1 East, Humboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected trcm the left bank on the downstream side of the U. S. Highway 101 bridge at Orick and about 2 miles upstream from the mouth. Period of Record November I958 through December 1959. Water Quality Charaxiteristics Past analyses show the water at Station 3b to be excellent in quality, calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation and within drinking water standards for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . • kh- MAD RIVER HEAR ARCATA (STA. 6a) Sampling Point Station 6a Is located In Section 15 of Township 6 North, Remge 1 East, Hiimboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples are collected in center of stream from Highway 299 bridge, about U.5 miles upstream from the mouth, and 3 miles northeast of Areata. Period of Record November I958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Runoff in Mad River is excellent in quality, calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for Irrigation, soft to moderately hard, and within drinking water standards for mineral content . Significant Water Quality Changes None . .1+6- WATER QUALITY RANGES sp«ciri Mltwral comtllun Calclia (C<) Sodlo (la) pu-ta p«r allUa 1- O •te (00 Sulf.t. (SO. ) CMorld. (CI) lltraU (Ml) noorld* (r) Boron (B) Sllle. (SlOj) ^OOj) Total (Hi Ida In parts par ailllon ttotal lonca TttrWdlty as CaOO^ In parta par allllon CoUfora In aoat probabla nabar par ■illllltar RadloaetlTltr in aieroHilcro curias par lltar OtMol**d alpha 3eUd alpha DUaolTad bata SoUd bata oil? I..61 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ii m iii m iiiiiiiiii i iiiiii'iiiiii i iiiiilllil I? r- 350- 300- t iilli t I J J^_^^* L -'"^^-^ J, _*; 35«> n^A AAAD RIVER NEAR ARCATA (STA. 6a) Eel River Basin The Eel River watershed traverses the south-central portion of the North Coastal Region. It drains an area of 3*701 square miles, of which 3f57^ square miles are rugged mountains, scarred by numerous landslides and narrow, steep stream canjrons. Several small river terraces axxl a broad coastal plain constitute the remaining 127 square miles In the basin. The Eel River has an average annucQ. discharge of about 6,273,000 acre-feet. Eel River water Is used for Irrigation, power development. Industry, recreation, and public and domestic water supplies. Except for power diversions which discharge to Russian River Basin, these users divert extremely small quantities and the abundant water resources of this basin are largely undeveloped. Lumber by-product Industries and Irrigation are considered the most probable future users of significant quantities of water within the basin. Waste discharges and irrigation return entering the Eel River at the present time are small in quantity and do not significantly impair the receiving waters. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor surface water quality in this basin and the page on which each is discussed. Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Eel River near Dos Rlos 50 Eel River near McCann 52 Eel River at Scotia 514- Outlet Creek near Longvale 56 Eel River, Middle Fork at Dos Rlos 58 Eel River, South Fork near Miranda 60 Van Duzen River near Bridgeville 52 •U8- EEL RIVER HEAR DOS RIOS (STA. 5d) Sampling Point Station 5d is located in Section 31 of Township 21 North, Range 13 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected in the center of the channel from the highway bridge 250 feet upstream from the confluence of Outlet Creek, 7-5 miles northeast of Longvale and 8.5 miles south of Dos Rios. Period of Record April I958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses identify the water at Station 5d as good in queLLity, calcium bicsirbonate in chareujter, soft to moderately hard, and within drinking water standards for mineral content. At times boron concentrations in excess of 0.5 ppm are foiind, placing this water in class 2 for irrigation. Although the source of boron in this river has not yet been identified, evidence indicates the boron originates from geologic formations existing in the watershed upstream from and in the vicinity of this station. Runoff frcm numerous mineralized springs, probably of deep-seated origin, also enter the watenray of Eel River upstream from this station. It has been established that springs high in boron exist throughout much of the Clear Lake area which is coterminous with the upper watershed of this basin. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■50- WATER QUALITY RANGES CalcliB (Ca) fUcnMla (1%) SaT,000. I.k3 0.59 k5.1 111 f. <0.0k5 ?3. 0.0k6 0.00 0.7? 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 s.oe 0.00 n nn T TO 1 KB WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ;ii 1 Ml " " T a / H J 1 • ii 1 j 1 flOU HOT AV*rWB« 'h' I ■:■■ ' J i 1 I9SI 1 EEL RIVER NEAR McCANN (STA. 5) EEL RIVER AT SCOTIA (STA. 6) Sampling Point The station on Eel River at Scotia is located in Section 5 of Township 1 North, Range 1 East, Hianboldt Bsise and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank approximately 0.6 mile downstream from Highway 101 bridge between Scotia and Rio Dell at the foot of Painter Street, and about 12 miles upstream from the mouth. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Queility Characteristics Antecedent data reveal the water at Station 6 to be excellent in queaity, generally calcium bicsurbonate in character, soft to moderately hard, and within the recommended limits for mineral content in drinking water. Only minor increases in mineral content occur between this station and Station 5 and on occasions, when tributary inflow rates are high, the mineral content of Eel River has decreased slightly in this reach. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .5U- OOTLET CREEK NEAR LONGfVALE (STA. 5b) Sampling Point The station Is located In Section 31 of Township 21 North, Range 13 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, 300 feet downstream from the railroad bridge, 200 feet upstream from the confluence with the Eel River, 7-5 miles northeast of Longvale and 8.5 miles south of Dos RlOB. Period of Record May 1958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Since Inception of a monitoring station on Outlet Creek, waters have been calcium bicarbonate In character, slightly to moderately hard and within drinking water standards for mineral content. The water in Outlet Creek, because of boron concentra- tions, ranges from class 1 to class 3 for irrigation use. Boron usually exceeds O.5 ppm and periodically reaches values in excess of 2.0 ppm. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959^ boron concentrations in Outlet Creek reached a maximum of 3.4 ppm in November and were sufficiently high during the last eight months of the year to cause the water to be class 2 or 3 for irrigation. The high concentrations of boron is attributed to the lack of dilution waters in Outlet Creek. The source of boron degradation to Outlet Creek has not as yet been ascertained. However, it is believed that the source, as in the headwaters of the Eel River, is geologic formations and springs. .56- WATER QUALITY RANGES J It« malmmal ■Mord NacbMi - I9S9 lUalaB • 1959 Sp«eUU coaduetane* (alenahM (t 2$0C) T^MTibm In Of Dliaol««<) os?««i In p.rt. pxr «llHon P«x«nt Mlur.Uoo ei 12.6 ne 3.) se 18 6 7 ? 390 se.2 61 38 l?.*^ 7.'^ u' 7r J a.) 7.? Rlntftl concUtMBta la pwta pw allUoa Caleloa (C«) Sorfl- t».) P0L...1O «) C*rbonlni nUda in pwta pv Blllloa P««l>t *ob«- p«r «millt«r (IM «»<»l04cUTlty In Bicro-filcro enrloa p«- lltor 01«>olT«d alpha SoUd alpha DUMlTMJ b«ta See 1959 See 1959 :.6i 0.19 C.63 :.38 1.08 0.00 3.19 O.OO WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS I 1 V 3 § 1 1 1 1 (In p.rt. par .111 . , ;i 5 ;_ ' 1 i: 1 i.i L-.. .nliiiiiiiii 1 ^ si 200 1 " ii +.1- 1 ■ '^ H .••••..••••^ •••••'-••f - . . ..19 1951 ,952 T ^• ,*9 1 1 OUTLET CREEK NEAR LONGVALE (STA 5bi EEL RIVER, MIDDLE FORK AT DOS RIOS (STA. 5c) Sampling Point Station 5c Is located In Section 6 of Township 21 Horth, Range 13 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grah samples were collected from the center of the channel from the highway bridge 0.5 mile southeast of Dos Rios and 0.2 mile upstream from the confluence with Eel River. Period of Record April 1958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics A review of analyses of samples reveals water at this station to be calcium bicarbonate in character, soft to moderately hard, and to consistently meet drinking water standards for mineral content. Boron concentrations at times pleuie this water in class 2 for irrigation. Significant Water Quality Changes Ip respect to boron, waters at this station were class 1 during the entire 1959 year. ■58- WATER QUALITY RANGES Calclta (C<) KacnMlM (Hf) Sodlai (■■) PcUadai (K) CartoiMt* ( P«rt» per mlUloa CO3) i (ftOOj) CMorl(». Cd) lltrat* (Ml) naorld« (f) TbUl (tliiolTo) Mllda part* par bIUIod u CaOOi in p«rt« p«r allllon lonc«rbonat« CollXora In aoat prababl* mrtMr p«- ■iUUltar (not Nfuu lUdlMctlTlVj In Blcro-alcro curias pv liter OlMolTad alpha Solid alpha UsaolTad bata Solid bata WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 350 p- \' 1 1 \ \ . J <> uuiiiii. ^imm EEL RIVER, MIDDLE FORK AT DOS RlUb bTA bo M EEL RIVER, SOUTH FORK HEAR MIRANDA (STA. j) Sampling Point Station 7 Is located In Section 30 of Township 3 South, Range k East, Humboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the right bank, at the USGS gage at Sylvandale camp grounds on U. S. Highway 101, 6 miles south of Miranda and about 12 miles upstream from the confluence with Eel River. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959. Water Quality Chsuracteristics Past records show South Fork Eel River water to be excellent in quality, calcium bicarbonate in charswiter, class 1 for irrigation, soft to moderately hard, and. within the reconrnjended limits for minerals in drinking water. Significant Water Quality Changes Boron reached 0.5 ppm, the upper limit for class 1 irrigation water, in December 1959. Boron possibly occurs in higher concentrations in the upstream reaches of the South Fork since this fork of the Eel River originates in geologicsJ. formations which are known to contribute boron to surfaice runoff. -60- WATER QUALITY RANGES \ It« NulwB or lUoord NliilaB of llMortf HudMi - 19(9 | Hloliai - 1959 | Sj,. In p*rt» p«r Billion loncartenat* TnrWdltjr 161 ki ?U l?k 7fl 1.10O 0.0 ISfl 7? 10 Ik IPk •,9 11 on ■io 1 Collfora In aost probable mrtwr pa- ■illlUtar Radloaeuntr In mlcro-Blcro eurlea par liter CHisolTad alpha Solid alpha DUaolTwJ b«U SoUdb^ 1.?? o.ro O.TO 0.00 10. S 0.00 n.';'. 0.00 (.9. --n.nw, 0.90 0.00 6.ko o.oo WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS : :..n. :::i::::i::ilT . 1 i 1 I 1 II S? 350-|-f.-f i £l / — !i ltlt'9 7^ /V^#tWfttttt% A . yrr ^1 Ztt2 : :x" ':^/.X^-^ r: :;:r ;t v;:;7.v . / I U "^ II !■' s/. \f^...M ^....1/^....1a^ ../^...> ^ 1 1 ""^ • 'I : p. le.OOr, . \ n 1 1 1 1 1 1 lo'Z^" ' :u^l i 1 ,.,.. 1 1.... ; 1 10.000 -rtf^r+T :_E::i. :.. ' 1 ....... .. .;■ ■ 6.000 — • — • .[ ,A 4 * L ,Ai.:uU : ■ ,1 m \ W./tZ : A lii-ki.i.^ /.^^\\:rUr jx L— ji;j/ ^.— /--v ■■ 1951 1952 1953 -,.:, ■•; --71 EEL RIVER, SOUTH FORK NEAR MIRANDA (STA. 7) VAN DUZEN RIVER NEAR BRIDGEVILLE (STA. 5a) Sampling Point The station is located in Section 17 of Township 1 North, Range 3 East, Himboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected at the USGS gage, from the center of the channel from the bridge on Highway 36, O.3 mile downstream from Pip Creek, 0.5 mile upstream frcan Rogers Creek, k miles west of Brldgeville and about 20 miles upstream from its confluence with Eel River. Period of Record April 1958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 5a is calcium bicarbonate in chax8u:ter, class 1 for irrigation, ranging from soft to moderately hard. It meets drinking water standards for mineral content. The quality of this water does not differ significantly from the quality of Eel River water at Scotia. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -62- WATER QUALITY RANGES Specific oonAictane* (ale u.t So Mattole Rlver-Mendocino Coast Unit The unit is comprised of several noncontiguous watersheds draining the south coastal portion of Region 1 and Includes the following rivers: Mattole, Noyo, Big, Haveurro and Gualala. These rivers drain approximately 1,290 square miles of predominately mountainous coast land with less than one percent of the area being valley and mesa lands. I^e ccmblned annual mean seasonal runoff of these rivers Is estimated to exceed 2,1^30,000 acre-feet. Present development In this area Is dependent on the lumber Indxistry and to a limited extent on stock raising. Water development Is l£urgely on an Individual basis with a few small public agencies formed to develop and distribute domestic and munlcli)£il supplies. Waste discharges from lumber Industries and small communities have not created any significant water quality Impairment problems In these basins. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water In this unit and the page on which each Is discussed. Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Mattole River near Petrolla 66 Noyo River near Fort Bragg 68 Big River near mouth 70 Navarro River near Navarro 72 Gualala River, South Fork near Annai)olis 7^ -6k. MATTOLE RIVER NEAR PETROLIA (STA. 7a) Sampling Point Station 7a is located in Section 11 of Township 2 South, Range 2 West, Humboldt Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank at the USGS gage 0.2 mile downstream from Clear Creek, 1.3 miles upstream from North Fork, 1.2 miles southeast of Petrolia, Humboldt County, and about 5 miles upstream frcan the mouth. Period of Record January 1959 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 7a is calcium bicaurbonate in chareu:ter, excellent in quauLity, class 1 for irrigation, soft to moderately hard, and within minersLL standards for drinking water. Significant Water Queility Changes Radioactivity decreased from 15 .7 mic/l total activity in May to 0.3 \i\xc/l in September. -66- WATER QUALITY RANGES 1 ivm NulMi of Uoonl •dalMaof RMord nmUmm - 1»S; NlalMi • 19$9 »p.eUlc corataeune* (^lora^liaa at K<>C) Tw^mrmla; In "T nilaolml 0X7(«> ^ ptrta pv ■lUlon rw««lt Mtin-atlan PH !w« \'r,o St* iv,<> 9*r IV 76 k7 1J6 «o 8? T.I Mln«-»1 eooaUtunta la fmrU pw allUoa Clcl- (C) KacnMlai (1%) So5l« (».) PdU.>1« K) C«^>on.l. (0O3) »lc«rboo.l« (HOO3) Sair.t. (») CMorld. (CI) lttr«t« (K3) noorld. (r) Bomn (B) Slllc* (SIO7) W9 M 7.1 1.« 10.0 ?.* 1.8 0.7 1.0 0.0 7.0 VB s.o 0.» 1." 0.1 !■! ?.9 Tot»l dlMolTwl *oU(te la {art* pw ■lllloa P«rc«it Mdlia IUrdnas9 u CaOOi In part* par Klllloo Total loocarbonaU Tttrtddltjr 18-. (6 18 n Ilk 11 ■» 1 Collfor» la KMt probabla tnbar par ■lUUltar RadloacUniy In »lcrt>-«lcro curlea par liter DlasolTad alpha SoUd alpha DlasolTad bata SoUd b«t« 0.87 o.m n.oo n.ivi ?.ft 0.00 1? 01 0.00 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS I r ._,.;...!.. ill ay "^ ■s ; ,- tl .-- '^ r^ H 100 50 i ■ 1.100 1 '•"" ' . : '^'^ H ^^ Z^ 1 '^ 1 l_ ;, I9SI AAAHOLE RIVER NEAR PETROLIA (STA. 7a) NOYO RIVER NEAR FORI BRAGG (STA. 10c) Sampling Point Station 10c Is situated In Section 10 of Township l8 North, Range 17 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Prior to November 1959> monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, 3*5 miles east of Fort Bragg, and about k miles upstream from the mouth. In November the station was moved upstream approximately one mile to its present site at the proposed Fort Bragg Municipal Water Supply Intake. This relocation was made because of the occurrence of unusually high concentrations of most mineral constituents caused by sea-water incursion due to tidal action. Period of Record January 1959 through December 1959' Water Quality Characteristics Noyo River water at Station 10c is excellent in quality. It is a bicarbonate type with calcium as its major cation. Mineral concentrations place this water in class 1 for irrigation, soft to slightly hard and within drinking water standards for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■68- WATER QUALITY RANGES NulaB of iMonS »«!■■ of laoord CalelM (Ca) ^DU*■tu (Ico,) Blearboi Chlorlda (CT) ■Itr.U (K)i) flaorld. (r) ■Droo (8) SlllM (310;) Tbtal 41iaolT«) Mild* In f»rU pmr Blllloa u Ca003 U parta par allllon IMal ■onca TarMdl^ Collfon In aoat probabla imbar par ■lUllltar lUtfloactlrlty in alcro-aicro cnrlas par lltar UiaolTK) alpha SoUd alpha DUaolT«J b«U SoUd b«t« WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ''^ , 1 .••••..••••:J .,„ 1 NOVO RIVER NEAR FORT BRAGG (STA. 10c) BIG RIVER NEAR MOUTH (STA. 8c) Sampling Point Station 8c is located in Section 2k, Township 17 North, Rajage 17 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the right bank approximately 12 miles upstream from the mouth about 9 miles east of Mendocino. Period of Record January 1959 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 8c is excellent in quality, calcium bicarbonate in character, soft to moderately hard and within drinking water stajidards for mineral content. Although it is class' 1 for irrigation throughout the year, boron has reached the maximum recomnended concentration of 0.5 ppm at Amrious times. The source of the boron in this stream has not as yet been siscertained. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -70- WATER QUALITY RANGES 3p*cUU oontactMo* (ale Dlaaolv>ad 0^X1*1 ^ p«n« p^ Million NacnwlM (N|) StxtltB (l«) Pouaiiw (I) CartoMt* (00]) Me4rt»nt« (I0O3) 3uU«U (SO. ) ChlorlcJ. (CI) lltrtU (MOl) rioorld. (r) Boroo (B) Slllu (MO;) l« l.O 0.? 0.5 TbUl RusslSLD River Basin The Russiam River Basin lies in the southern end of the North Coastal Region (No. l) and covers about 1,500 squeure miles, of irtiich approximately 1,200 are mountains and foothills and the remainder valley and mesa lands. The watershed is bounded on the east by the Cow Mountain Range and on the west by the Coeistal Ramge . Waters draining from the watershed flow into the Pacific Oceem at Jenner, approximately 15 miles downstream from Guemeville. The Russian River hsLS a total annual flow of approximately 1,500,000 acre-feet. Approximately l80,000 acre-feet of Eel River water is imported annually from Lake Pillsbury for power generation at Potter Va]J.ey Powerhouse within the Russian River watershed. The most prominent uses of surface waters in this basin aire recreational and industrial. The Russian River valley area contains a large number of recreational facilities for boating, swimming, and fishing. Logging and lumber operations axid food processing comprise the major industrial uses of water. Approximately 300 square miles of the Russian River drainage basin ai-e potential agricultural lands. Most water users in the Russian River Basin discharge wastes to the river in quantities less thsm 0.5 mgd (million gallons per day). Three users, the Masonite Corporation, the City of Ukisih, and the City of Santa Rosa, discharge wastes in qusuitities over 0.5 mgd to the Russian River or its tributaries. During the nine-year period of quality record on the Fhissian River, none of these wastes discharges has seriously impaired the quality of surface waters. -76- The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this basin and the page on which each is discussed. Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Diicussion Russian River near Hoplajid 78 Russian River near Healdsburg 80 Russian River at Guemeville 82 Russian River, East Fork at Potter Valley Powerhouse 8U -77- RUSSIAN RIVER HEAR HOPLAND (STA. 8a) Sampling Point Station 8a is located in Section 36 of Township lU North, Range 12 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected at Largo Road bridge site, 0.6 mile east of Highway 101, and 3.8 miles north of Hopland. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show Russian River at Station 8a to be generally calciiom bicarbonate in character, soft to moderately hard, and chemically suitable for drinking water. The qusility of water at Station 8a does not differ significantly from the quality at Potter Valley Powerhouse (Station 10a) . Boron frequently causes the water at Station 8a to be class 2 for irrigation. Highly mineralized spring runoff and solution of minerals from geologic formations in tributary streams are the source of the bort>n in this river. Significant Water Quality Changes For the first year since 1953 » boron, which reached the maximum of 0.5 ppm in December 1959 j did not exceed the limit for class 1 irrigation water. -78- WATER QUALITY RANGES (■loraam *t Koc) nwal eoMUtuaU In put* p«r ■lllloo Calcla (C«) nMgnmlim (Ng) Sodl* (!■) Foludo (I) C*rbofMt« (OO3) frleartoiMt* (HOO3) sou.t. csov) Clilorld* (CI) lltrat* (■}}) naorld. (r) Boroo (B) Sllic* (StO;) IbUl dliaolnd Mllds In part* p«r BlUlea Farcaot aodla HATTtoasa aj CaOO^ In parta par nlllloo T«al CoUforn In aoat probabla !U<»loactlTlty In •iero-»lc UaaolTad alpha SoUd alpha OUaolTad baU SoUd b«t« ■bar par alllUltar aa-ima par liter 1.22 0.59 13.91 lii.Oi o.?l o.oo 0.00 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 'I I' ^.-■■■M RUSSIAN RIVER NEAR HOPLAND (STA. 8a) RUSSIAN RIVER NEAR HEALDSBURG (STA. 9) Sampling Point Healdsburg station Is located In Section 22 of Township 9 North, Range 9 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the left beuak at the USGS gage, 2 miles east of Healdsburg and 3.5 miles upstream from Dry Creek. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Russian River water at Station 9 is, with the exception of boron, good to excellent in quality, calcium bicarbonate to magnesium bicarbonate in character, ranges from soft to moderately hard and meets drinking water standards for mineral content. Prior to 1956, boron concentrations often exceeded the limit for class 1, and at times class 2, irrigation water. The major source of excess boron W6IS detected to be an industried discharge, which was discontinued in September I956. Following its removal, boron concentrations have remained below 1.0 ppm. Dissolved minerals are found in slightly higher concentrations (averaging about 70 micromhos) at Station 9 than at the upstream Station 8a. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959 the water improved in quality with respect to boron. The boron limit for class 1 irrigation water was exceeded only twice, in February and August, with 0.6 ppm reported each month. The continuation of boron concentrations of less than 1.0 ppm during 1959 indicates that the boron content in this water has been stabilizing since the discontinuance of the degrading industrial waste discharge . -80- WATER QUALITY RANGES of boon* Wnl— of lUeerd 80 KliMnl eoiMUtanto In purU \ C*lcl« (Ca) NMnMtM (Nt) Sodlm (la) PoUailai (K) CarbDiuta (OOi) Mcarbcnata (BODi) Suirata (SO. ) Chlorlcia (CI) lltrata (K>i) noorlda (r) terao (B) SI Ilea (SIO;) Tstal diaaolTad aoUila In j»rU par ■llUon aa CaCO^ In parta par BlUlon Taltl looca Collfor* In Boat probabla nmbar par ■lllllltar KadloacUntj In alcro-alcra cnrlaa par litar QlaaolTad alp&a Solid alpte OtuolTad b«U SoUd bata 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.x WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS i :; MlM::::^n,;j,,T.>/;Ok^,,,,tiAAi,,,,,,\/)^ >fWT:v^ ^-v^^' 'iiiiii'-n|;''niiiiiir'''i •i TWPh?'' f 1 1 > ^ i RUSSIAN RIVER NEAR HEALDSBURG STA 9 RUSSIAN RIVER AT GUERMBVILLE (STA. 10 ) Sampling Point Station 10 is located in Section 32 of Township 8 North, Range 10 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected at the State Highway 12 bridge in Guemeville, and about 13 miles upstream from the mouth. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 10 is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate in character, soft to very hard, and within drinking water standards for mineral content. As at all stations in the Russian River Basin, boron concentrations have often been in excess of class 1 irrigation limits. Prior to 1957, boron was frequently found in excess of class 2 requirements. After source of excess boron mentioned in the discussion of Station 9 was removed in September 1956, boron concentrations decreased significantly. During 1957 and 1958 the maximum concentration reported was 1.1 ppm, as contrasted to the maximum for the period of record of 3.0 ppm reported in October 1955- An average increase in conductivity of about 15 micromhos occurs between Stations 9 and 10 indicating only a slight increase in the amount of mineral constituents. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959 boron was not detected in excess of the O.5 ppm limit for class 1 irrigation water at Station 10. llie low boron concentrations at this station substantiate the conclusion, as stated in the discussion of Station 9, that the boron content of Russian River waters is approaching a steady state. -82- RUSSIAN RIVER, EAST FORK AT FOOTER VALLEY POWERHOUSE (STA. 10a) Sampling Point Station 10a Is located in Section 6 of Tovmshlp 17 North, Range 11 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples for quality analyses were collected from the tailrace of the PG&E power- house, 3 miles northeast of the town of Potter Valley. Period of Record June 1951 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 10a is C6j.cium bicarbonate in character, soft to moderately hard and within drinking water standards for mineral content. As at Station 8a, boron frequently causes the water to be class 2 for irrigation use. Water at this station is comprised of water exported from the Eel River Beisin. Boron in waters at this station originates from geologic formations and mineralized springs sCong the upper reaches of Eel River. Significant Water Quality Changes Radioactivity was significsmtly higher during 1959 than during past years of record with the exception of May 1953 ^en 3^.6 wic/l total activity were reported. The total activity in May 1959 was reported as 2l|.3 (inc/l and 2U.7 mic/l in September . Sk- WATER QUALITY RANGE NlMral consUtaanU In put* | Calcim (C<) IU«iw«l«i (Kg) Si) nuorld» (f) Boroo (B) Sllle* (MOj) Total dl: rarcaot aodliB HardiMsa •« CaOOi Ttot»l Ind MUda in pvU pur aUlloa part« p«r ■llllo 00 0.0 Colironi In BMt probabl* nMbw p«r allllllta- RidloaeUrtty In ■lero-«lcro cBTlas p«r liter UsaolTK) alph* SoUd alpA* OU«olT«d bat* SoUd bata WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS "i:.>i.^iv^d !'•« RUSSIAN RIVER, EAST FORK AT POTTER VALLEY POWERHOUSE ^STA. lOo/ ^■^y n LOCATION or COASTAL RCGION Station Number 1 la lb Ic Id le 2 2a 2b 3 3a 3b U k& Ub 5 5a 5b 5c 5d 6 6a 7 7a 8a 8b 8c 9 9a 10 10a 10c STREAM NORTH COAJ Klamath L\S Shasta RjN,^^ Scott Ri' Klamath I Butte Cri Antelope Klamath : Salmon R Klamath i Klamath : Smith Rl Redwood i Trinity Trinity ^**», Trinity 1 Eel Rive ' Van Duzej Outlet C Eel Rive Eel Rive Eel Rive Mad Rive Eel Rive Mattole Russian Navarro Big Rive Russian Gualala Russian I Russian f Valley Noyo Rlvf STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OF RESOURCES PLANNING QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN CALIFORNIA, 1959 STREAM SAMPLING STATIONS NORTH COASTAL REGION (NO. I) STREAM SAMPLING STATIONS ORTO COASTAL REGION (NO. l) Statl KLamath River near Copco Shasta River near Yreka Scott River near Fort Jones Klamath River above Hamburg Reservoir Site Butte Creek near MacDoel Antelope Creek near Tennent t Some star Somesbar ear Selad Valley ear Klamath r Crescent City Klamath River i Salmon River a- Klamath River i Klamath River i Smith River nei Redwood Creek at Orlck Trinity River near Hoopa Trinity River at Levlston Trinity River near Burnt Ranch Eel River near McCann Van Duzen River near Brldgeville Outlet Creek near Longvale Eel River, Middle Fork at Dos Rlos Eel River near Dos Rios Eel River at Scotia Mad River near Areata Eel River, South Fork near Miranda Mattole River near Petrolla Russian River near Hopland Navarro River near Navarro Big River near Mouth Russian River near Healdsburg Gualala River, South Fork near Annapolis Russian River at Guerneville Russian River, East Fork at Potter Valley Powerhouse Noyo River near Fort Bragg San Francisco Bay Region (No. ?) One of the most highly industrialized regions of California is enconpaised by the boundaries of the San Francisco Bay Region. This region contains approximately U.UOO squeu-e miles in the north central coastal portion of California and includes the industrial and municipal complexes of the City of San Francisco, the Peninsula, and Eewt Bay communities . Prominent among the physical features of the region is the outstanding natural harbor consisting of San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay and that portion of Suisun Bay below Antioch. This harbor is the focal point of numerous valley basins drained by the watercourses tributary to the bay. These valleys &re interspersed and parallel the movmtalna and foothills of the Coast Range, which rise from sea level to elevations of over 4,000 feet and cover two-thirds of the bay region. Estimated mean annual surface rxinoff is 1,2^5,000 acre-feet in this region. To maintain a surveillance on quality of surface runoff in this area, five monitor stations are maintained on five streajns. The monitored streams and the number of the station on each (in parentheses) are as follows : Napa River (l) Coyote Creek (l) Alameda Creek (l) Los Gatos Creek (l) Arroyo del Valle (l) Analyses of samples collected from streams in the San Francisco Bay Region indicate bicarbonate type waters with generally no predominant cation. These waters are suitable for dcmestic and most industrial uses and range from class 1 to 2 for irrigation. Althoxigh precipitation during 1959 was generally below normal in this region, only minor changes in quality were detected by the surface water monitoring prograa. -87- sitZ ilovnsas^ -SfC-^sV hP Jdi^^ Sem Francisco Bay Region (No. ?) One of the most highly Industrialized regions of California la encorapa»»ed by the boundaries of the Sem Francisco Bay Region. This region contains approximately U.UOO square miles in the north centred coastal portion of California and includes the Industrial and municipal cooplexes of the City of San Francisco, the Peninsula, and East Bay comnunitles . Prominent among the physical features of the region is the outstanding natural harbor consisting of San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay and that portion of Suisun Bay below Antloch. This harbor is the focal point of numerous valley basins drained by the watercourses trlbutaj-y to the bay. These valleys are Interspersed emd parallel the mountains and foothills of the Coast Range, which rise from sea level to elevations of over U,000 feet and cover two- thirds of the bay region. Estimated mean annual surface runoff Is l,2U5,0OO acre-feet in this region. To maintain a sarvelllance on quality of surface runoff in this area, five monitor stations are maintained on five streams. The monitored streams and the n\jinber of the station on each (in peo^ntheses) are as follows: Hapa River (l) Coyote Creek (l) Alameda Creek (l) Los Gatos Creek (l) Arroyo del Valle (l) Anedyses of samples collected from streams in the Seui Francisco Bay Region Indicate bicarbonate type waters with generally no predominant cation. These waters are suitable for domestic and most industrieil uses and range from class 1 to 2 for irrigation. Althou^ precipitation during 1959 weis generally below normal in this region, only minor chemges in quality were detected by the surface water monitoring program. -87- Napa River Basin Napa River drains a watershed area of klj squeu-e miles located at the north end of San Francisco Bay Region. The river flows southward through Napa Valley and discharges into San Pahlo Bay. Average annual discharge of Napa River is estimated to be 186,300 acre-feet. Napa River Basin includes approximately 157 square miles of fertile valley and mesa land. Agriculttiral pursuits are the major users of water and are the dominant economic enterprises of the basin. However, industrial and urbsin development has accelerated rapidly in the last decade and these are playing a proportionately larger role in the economy of the valley. Numerous wsistes from individual domestic, industrial and agricultural sources, smd severed, community collection systems discharge into Napa River. None of these waste discharges individually exceed 0.3 mgd, except for the Napa County Sanitation District discharge of U.l mgd. A surface water sampling station is maintained on Napa River near St. Helena to monitor quality of runoff from this basin. -88- NAPA RIVER NEAR ST. HELENA (STA. 72) Sampling Point Station 72 Is located In Section 32 of Township 8 North, Range 5 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected at the center of the stream, frcsn the highway bridge 0.2 mile downstream from the USGS water stage recorder. This gage is located 1.0 mile east of Highway 128 and 2.5 miles southeast of St. Helena. Period of Record December 1951 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Chemical classification of piast analyses show Napa River, at this station, to vary in character from calcium bicarbonate to calcium- sodium bicarbonate. Flow past Station 72 has met the criteria for class 1 irrigation supply, except for boron which generally ranges from 0.1 ppm to 1.0 ppm. Boron in waters entering Napa River is porbably derived from the geologic formations comprising the earth's mantle in this watershed. Hardness ranges from soft to moderately hard and concentrations of minerals in this water axe within the limits for drinking water. SigniflcajDt Water Quality Chemges During September 1959 the stream was dry and comprehensive analysis usually performed on the sample collected that month was emitted. -90- WATER QUALITY RANGES Mill— of iMord (■larcahoa ct Koc) NliMTtl eonaUtHBt Calcls (Ca) IU«n«alaB (Hf) SotflM (I*) PdU«i1ib (K) CarboMl* (OCK) BlearteiMl* (ROO '?&! Boroo (B) 9111c< (910;) 0.6 J8_ Total dliaolTwl coUda in parU par BllUoa Parcant xxllia ftMss as OaOOi in part« par alllloa Collfora In aaat fUdloacUTltjr In Usaolrad alpha SoUd alpha OlaaolTKl bau SoUd bata mbar par ■lUllltar :ro cizrlaa par liter WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS I 1952 I I9i3 I I9VI j NAPA RIVER NEAR SAINT HELENA (STA. 72) Alameda Creek Begin Alameda Creek watershed is located east of and drains Into the southern arm of San Francisco Bay. The drainage basin enccmjpasses about 272 squai-e miles of mountains and foothills of the Diablo Range and 157 square miles of Aralley and mesa lands. Mean seasonal natural runoff for Alameda Creek Basin Is about 130,700 acre-feet. There are numerous water supply developments in this watershed which greatly affect the runoff characteristics of Alameda Creek. Agricultural developsnent is still significant in the valley area* of the basin; however, urban, industrial, and commerciaLL growth has been given considerable Impetus by the expanding East Bay economy. Surface water in the beusin is insufficient to meet present demands, and additional Imported water supplies will be needed to sustain the present rate of growth. Numerous waste discharges, originating from industrieil and municipal developments, are discharged into the Alameda Cr«ek watershed waterways. A list of the major waste dlscheurges in this watershed and their dfidly outflows are: City of Llvermore 1.0 mgd City of Pleasanton 0.6 mgd Holly Sugar Company at Alveureido, Csdifomia 1.6 mgd Pacific States Steel, Niles, California 70. 5 mgd Parks Air Force Base 0.5 mgd Rickenbacker Dairy 0.32-1.29 mgd Union Sanitary District, Fremont, California 70. 5 mgd West Vaco Chemical Company, Newark, California I.3U mgd The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this baisin and the page on ^Ich each Is discussed. .92- Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Alameda Creek near Nlles 9I+ Arroyo del Valle at V.A. Hospital 96 ■93- ALAMEDA CREEK NEAR KUZS (STA. 73) Sampling Point The sampling point for this station is located in Section 15, Township k South, Range 1 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the right bajik at the concrete control stinicture of the USGS gaging station located 0.2 mile downstream from the railroad bridge and 1.2 miles northeast of Niles. Period of Record December 1951 through December 1959- The stream is dry a portion of each year; consequently, data are not available for all months. Water Quality Characteristics Since inception of a monitoring station on this stream the water has been bicarbonate in character with none of the major cations, cadcium, magnesium, or sodium, being predominant. Due to fluctuation of electrical conductivity, concentrations of total dissolved solids, or boron, singly or in conbination, this water rajiges frcan class 1 to class 2 for irrigation use. The source of boron originates from springs in the north and western portions of the watershed. The water is moderate to very hard. From the standpoint of mineral constituents, this water meets the criteria for dOTjestic use. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .9U- WATER QUALITY RANGES Pt>U««lta (I) CartotMt* (00^} ncart»imt« (BOO)) Sulf.t. {30. ) Chlorli. CcT) lltrat* (lOi) noorld* (f) Bona (B) StllM (SIO;) Total dliaolTvJ (oUda In parti par ■lllloi Parcant >odlia Collfora In aoat probabla p«- ■lUllltar Radloactlrltj In alcro-alcro cvrlas par Iltar UsaolTad alpha Solid alpha DtaaelTad bf SoUd bata 2.82 13.»7 Ig.l* O.kl 0.6e WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS /Vf\ -^■ft- - k ALAMEDA CREEK NEAR NILES (STA. 73) Ll ARROYO EEL VALLE AT VETERANS AWCCNISTRATION HOSPITAL (STA. 71 ) SaxnpllDg Point The location of this station is Section k, Township k South, Range 2 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank at the USGS gage, adjacent to Arroyo Road. The gage is located immediately upstream from the Veterans Administration HospiteuL bridge, approximately U.5 miles south of Livermore . Period of Record July 1958 through December 1959. Arroyo del Valle is dry during a portion of each year and water quality data are not available for all months. Water Quality Characteristics A review of available analyses show this water to consistently exhibit a bicarbonate characteristic; however, no specific cation is predomlnemt . Calcium, magnesium, and sodium are present in significemt amounts; and in approximately equal equivalents per million. With the exception of a single boron determination of 2.7 ppm in August 1959> this water has met class 2 irrigation criteria. Although the water is very hard, it meets the limits for mineral constituents in drinking water. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -96- WATER QUALITY RANGES 9^*clfle oontaetttDO* (alor NIimtU MMUtaaite In part* par BllUea (t) C«rton«t« (OO3) »lcartonrtiich greatly exceeded the previously recorded msixlmum of 0.02 ppm. The cause of this extreme has not been ascertained. The water, diiring 1959, was consistently very hard, substantiating an apparent trend that Pajaro River water is becoming harder each year. -118- UVAS CREEK NEAR MORGAN HILL (STA. 96) Sampling Point Uvas Creek is sampled In Section I8, Township 10 South, Range 3 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected immediately below Uvas Dam at the outlet, about 0.6 mile downstream from Eastman Canyon and k.8 miles southwest of Morgan Hill. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Chemical classification of past analyses of this water revealed a predominant bicarbonate anion and the principal cations to be csLLclvun and magnesium, neither of which is consistently predominant. Uvas Creek water is class 1 for irrigation, meets the drinking water mineral limits, and ranges from slightly hard to very hard. This water is a source of municipal supply for the City of Gilroy. Significant Water Quality Changes None . •120- WATER QUALITY RANGES 11.? 7.7 70 7.x ■ tllaanU In ptfta pw allllo Cu-boMt* (00]) »l»rboial« (AOO]) Sulf.t. (30. ) CMorld. (CI) ToUl dUiDlTwJ (oUda in fmrtt p«- Billion Paroaot aodiia C*003 In p«rt« p«- ■lllion Conform In aoat probabl* n lUdlMcunty In »icro-«lcr DlssolTvd alph* Solid •Ipha DljMlTad b«U ioUJ b«t« p€r ■lUUlt«- lea p«r lltar 0.90 0.50 6.1.0 6.65 0.90 0.00 It.liO WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS r^j'i-'\f^P^ I- Si 1^ :""■ Ua, J V A A A / k '- ^ ' yvvy fv 1,' 1- ; V ■ r "■■ ii' ,^ , \J^ .,- I,. ^J^ UVAS CREEK NEAR MORGAN HILL (STA. 96/ SAN BENITO RIVER NEAR BEAR VALLEY FIRE STATION (STA. 7Ta) Sampling Point "Hie location of this sampling station is in Section 28, Township 15 South, Range 7 East, Mt. Diablo Be^e and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the left bank about l.T miles downstream frcan Willow Creek, 10.4 miles northwest of San Benito, and 3.O miles north of Bear Valley Fire Station. Period of Record July I958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics A review of jjast analyses shows the principal cations in Ssm Benito River to be magnesium and sodium, and the principal anions to be bicarbonate and sulfate. This water is usually class 2 for irrigation except for one boron determination of 2.3 ppn which occurred in August 1959* meiking it class 3 at that time. Sulfate and total dissolved solids concentrations make this water unsatisfactory for dcanestic use. This water is extremely hard with a range from ^76 ppm to 596 ppm total hardness. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -122- WATER QUALITY RANGES (Ulcll (C) HMtMalBi (Ni) Sodlm (l<) PcLuds (K) Carbonat* (OO3) 91c«rbofMt« Sttlr.t. ( eWorld. (CI) ■ ItraU (K>i) riaorld* (f) Bsroo (B) Sllle. (SlOj) OO3) (SCO)) Total dlaaolnd Pareaot aodlia fart* ptr ■Ultnn Collfcra In aoat prababla SaiJloactlTlty In »icro-«lc DlsaolTad alpha SoUd alpha QUaolTad b«U r ■lllUltar par 11 tar WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS k. li i i l i iTil SAN BENITO RIVER NEAR BEAR VALLEY FIRE STATION (STA. 77a) Salinas River Basin The Salinas River system drains an area of about 4,1»00 square miles Trtiich cover the central portion of the Central Coastal Region. Mountains and foothills cover approximately 3,lt80 square miles and valley and mesa land occupy the remaining 220 square miles. Prcm its coeist line along Monterey Bay the basin extends southeeisterly about 150 miles. Mean seasonal irunoff in the Salinas River watershed is 713,800 acre-feet. The Salinas River meanders along its course through Salinas Valley for nearly 100 miles. "Hie economy of the basin is based on the agrictiltural complex which has developed on the fertile valley floor. Water requirements of the basin for domestic, municipal, industrial and Irrigation are supplied mostly frcHn ground water. In recent years several small dams on tributaries to the SsJ.lnas River have provided surface water supplies to the upper end of the valley. Waste dlsposaJ. and irrigation return water have not created serious deleterious effects on the quality of water in the basin. Significant waste discharges entering this stream system are for the most part outflows f ran community sewerage systems . Prominent among these are Alisal Sanitary District (I.3 mgd). King City (O.k mgd). City of Salinas (2.93 mgd), and Soledad Prison (0.5 mgd). The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of sxirface water in this basin and the page on which each is discussed. -I2I+- of Monitoring Station Station DlscuBBcd Salinas River at Peiso Robles* Salinas River neax Bradley* Salinas River near Spreckels 126 Neujimiento River near San Miguel* San Antonio River at Pleyto* * Monitoring stations are in Southern California and will be discussed in Part II of this bulletin. -125- SALINAS RIVER NEAR SPRECKELS (STA. k^) Sampling Point Station ^43 Is located in Section 8, Township 15 South, Range 3 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, at the USGS gaging station 50 yards upstream from the bridge k miles south of SeJ.lnas and 2.0 miles west of Spreckels. Period of Record April 1951 through May 1957 and April 1958 through December 1959* Salinas River at this station Is dry during a i)ortlon of most years and data are not available for all months. Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data reveal water at this station to be characteristically a bicarbonate type with the cations nearly evenly divided between calcium, magnesium and sodl\an. From an irrigation standpoint Salinas River water is class 2 due to boron and dissolved solids concentrations. Total dissolved solids also exceed the limits recommended for a domestic supply. This water ranges from moderately hard to very heu-d. Effluent from AllsaJ. Sanitary District Sewage Treatment Plant is discharged to the river about 100 yards upstream. Signiflceuit Water Quality Changes None . -126- Carmel River Baaln In the north central portion of the Central Coastal Region and immediately south of Monterey Bay lies the Carmel River watershed. The area of this basin is 25 1^ square miles, of vhich nearly 2U9 square miles ccanprise foothills and mountains. The Carmel River Basin hsie a mean annual discharge of about ll«2,300 acre-feet. Development in this area is centered aroiind Carmel Valley and in the widely known resort area on Monterey Peninsula. Irrigated lands in the veiLley, and urban and domestic requirements of the jwninsule are the major water users in the basin. Wastes in this basin, for the most part, are discharged to the Pacific Ocean. Wastes entering Csirmel River are minor in quemtity and do not create serious impairment problems. A 8urf6u:e water sampling station is maintained on Carmel River at Robles del Rio to monitor quality of runoff from this basin. -128- CARMEL RIVER AT ROBLES DEL RIO (STA. 83) Sampling Point Station 83 Is located in Section 17, Township I6 South, Range 1 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. The station was sampled monthly from mid-stream from Rohles del Rio bridge in the town of Robles del Rio. Period of Record January 1952 through December 1959- Carmel River has been dry on several occasions during this period, therefore, data are not available for all months . Water Quality Characteristics A review of past analyses reveals that the water at Station 83 exhibits no predominant cation or anion. Calcium, magnesium smd sodium are all present in significant proportions, while the principal anions are bicarbonate and sulfate. The water consistently qualifies as class 1 for irrigation and meets the mineral standards for drinking water. Waters at this station have ranged from slightly hard to very hard. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959, samples of Carmel River water revested the previous recorded maximum concentrations of conductivity, total dissolved solids and hardness were exceeded. Extremely low flows were encountered in Jvine and July, possibly accounting for the excessive mineral concentrations found in samples collected during these two months. The river was dry during the last five months of 1959- ■130- ^ STREAM SAMFLINQ STATIONS CENTBAL COASTAL REOIOB (BO. 3) Salinas Blver n ar Spreckels San Lorenzo River at Big Trees near Fe Soquel Creek at Soquel Station Bobles del Rio Uvas Creek near Central Valley Region (No. ^) The Central Valley Region occupies about one- third of the total area of California and 1b comprised of all stream basins which drain into the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. The basin extends from the Oregon- California border in the northeastern comer of the State to the crest of the Tehachapi Mountains 60 miles north of the City of Los Angeles. In order to facilitate discussion of this region it was subdivided into four separate areas as listed below: Name of Aresis Numerical Designation Sacramento River Valley 5a San Joaquin River Valley 5b Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta 5c Tulare Lake Drainage 5d To monitor quality of water in this basin samples are collected from 119 stations on 50 separate watercourses and 1 lake aa shown on Plate 1. The four area^ and their respective watercourses are as listed: Sacramento River Valley (5a) Sacrajnento River Stony Creek Colusa Trough Clear Lake McCloud River Cache Creek Pit River Putah Creek Clear Creek Antelope Creek Cow Creek Mill Creek Cottonwood Creek Big Chlco Creek Battle Creek Butte Creek Paynes Creek Feather River Redbank Creek Indian Creek Elder Creek Yuba River Thomes Creek Bear River American River San Joaquin River Valley (5b) San Joaquin River Bear Creek Salt Slough Merced River Fresno River Tuolumne River Chowchilla River Stanislaus River -133- ;iOv.M?i 'j-i'sn i^es Central Valley Rgglon (No. ^) The Central Valley Region occupies about one-third of the total area of California and is comprised of all stream basins which drain into the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. The basin extends from the Oregon- California border in the northeastern comer of the State to the crest of the Tehachapi Mountains 60 miles north of the City of Los Angeles. In order to facilitate discussion of this region it was subdivided into four eeparate areeis as listed below: Name of Areas Numerical Desiffliatlon Sacramento River Valley 5a San Joaquin River Valley 5b Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta 5c Tulare LaJse Drainage 5d To monitor quality of water in this basin samples are collected from 119 stations on 50 separate watercourses and 1 laJce as shown on Plate 1. The four areas and their respective watercourses are as listed: Sacramento River Valley (5a) Sacramento River Stony Creek Colusa Trough Clear Lake McCloud River Cache Creek Pit River Putah Creek Clear Creek Antelope Creek Cow Creek Mill Creek Cottonwood Creek Big Chlco Creek Battle Creek Butte Creek Paynes Creek Feather River Redbank Creek Indiem Creek Elder Creek Yuba River Thomes Creek Bear River American River San Joaquin River Valley (5b) San Joaquin River Bear Creek Salt Slough Merced River Fresno River Tuolumne River Chowchilla River Stanislaus River ■133- Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta (5c) Lindsey Slough Delta-Mendota Canal Sacraaento River Iteilian Slough Delta Cross Channel Indiain Slough Little Potato Slough Rock Slough San Joaquin River Cosumnes River Stockton Ship Channel Mokelumne River Old River Calaveras River Grant Line Canal Tulare Lake Drainage (5d) Kings River Tule River Kaweah River Kern River Five new stations vere added to the surface water monitoring program in Region 5 during 1959* Sampling W8is ccmnnenced in January on Big Chico Creek at Chico (85a), Redbank Creek at Foothills (88d), Elder Creek at Gerber (95a) j Thomes Creek near mouth (95^), and Bear Creek at Merced (ilia) . These stations were established to determine base level quality conditions at projxjsed water conservation project sites and to provide water quality monitoring on streams where coverage was deficient. Waters in the Central Valley Region vary in quality from excellent to poor, depending on locality, flow and degradents encountered. Waters emanating tram the Sierra Nevada, Cascade and Trinity Mountains were generally of excellent quality, while surface runoff from the Tehachapi Mountains in the south and the coastal ranges along the western perimeter varied from excellent to poor. Waters in the Sacramento Valley and foothill slojjes of the San Joaquin, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, ajid Tulare Lake drainage were generally calciiom bicarbonate in character. Waters in the Sam Joaquin Valley floor and in the Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta proper were usually sodium chloride in character due to the effect of such degradents as irrigation returns, ground water accretions, and sea-water incursion. -I3U. Sparse precipitation during 1959 resulted in an Increase in most chemical constituents in waters of the Central Valley Region. However, with the exception of the delta area, the increase was usually not significajit . In the delta, the paucity of tributary Inflow and the continued heavy diversions for irrigation use in the delta uplands area resulted in significant degradation to surface waters from ground water accretions, irrigation returns, and sea-water incursion. •135- Sacranento River Valley (5a) The Seu:raaiento River Valley enibraces all of the watersheds tributary to SacraaMnto River upstream from the southern drainage boundaries of Putah Creek and the American River hylrograjiiic units. The basin extends north-south approximately 270 miles and contains over 26,000 square miles of highly variable terrain. Mountains and foothills cover about 65 percent of the eirea, with the Sierra Nevada dominating the eastern portion, the Coastal Range to the west, and the Klamath Mountains and Caweade Range on the north. Bountiful valley and mesa lands exist in this eu:ea, with the extensive agricultiureLL lands of the Sacramento Valley being predominant in this land class. Mean seasonal sxirface mnoff exceeds 22,300^000 acre-feet in the area. To facilitate discussion of the numerous drainage areas in this area, they are segregated into the following units with the number of sampling station of each in parentheses: Sacramento River Ifeit (lO) McCloud River Basin (l) Pit River Basin (h) Redding Stream Unit (7) West Side Stream Unit (l2) Sacramento Valley Northeast Stream Unit (6) Feather River Basin (k) Yuba-Bear Rivers Unit (U) American River Basin (U) -136- Sacramento River Unit . The Sacrajnento River Unit extends from the northwestemraost corner of the Central Valley Re*?lon through the entire length of the Sacrajuento River Valley. The unit Includes the drainage area of the Sacramento River above Shasta Reservoir, and the valley floor area of Sacramento Valley below Red Bluff. Mountainous terrain occupies all but a few of the 6l8 square miles along the reach of the river above Shasta Reservoir; while along its course below Red Bluff only Sutter Buttes breaJcs the h,Sk6 square miles of flat, gently rolling valley floor. Mean seasonal natural runoff for this unit is about 1,220,000 acre-feet. Development along the upper reach is primarily associated with recreation or lumbering. Along the valley floor, agriculture and its allied food-processing industries are the primary economic endeavors. Mlnlisg, production of natural gas, recreation, sind in recent years developnent related to military and aircraft programs, provide addltloned economic stability to the valley. These developments use considerable quantities of surface and grotmd water in their operations. Continued growth of the industrial and urban complex centers as well as irrigated agricultural expansion depend upon controlling, quantitatively and qualitatively, the water supply of the unit. Waste discharges originating from industrial and municipal developments enter this major waterway along its entire length. In the upper reaches lumbermill effluent and sanitary sewage from resort comnunlties constitute the major waste sources. In the valley floor area, lumber by-product Industries, cities and towns, light industries, food product plants, and a considerable volume of irrigation return flow •137- all combine to impose a significant waste load on the Sacraaento River. A study is presently being conducted by the Department of Water Resources to evaluate the present effect of waste discharges and to determine the waste assimilating capacity of the Sacramento River. The major discharges entering the river and their approximate quantities in million geullons per day (mgd) are listed: City of Redding City of Red Bluff Diamond Gardner International Corporation City of Corning (intermittently) Natomas Drain (McClellan Air Force Base, City of Rio Linda, and North Sacramento) City of Sacramento City of Mountain View City of Rio Linda City of West Sacramento American Crystal Sugar Refining (Clarksburg) The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this basin and the -page on which each is discussed. Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Sacramento River at Delta lUO Sacramento River at Keswick lU2 Sacramento River at Bend (Red Bluff) ihh Sewramento River near Hamilton City ^ lU6 Sacramento River at Butte City lk8 Sacramento River at Colusa I50 Sacramento River at Knights Landing 152 Sacramento River at Sacramento I5U Colusa Trough near Colusa I56 Sacramento Slough near Knights Landing I58 2.0 mpd 1.0 mgd 5.0ii«d 0.3 mgd 6.3 agd 50.0 mgd 6.0 mgd 0.05 mgd 2.k mgd 5.0 ii«d -138. SACRAMEMTO RIVER AT DELTA (STA. 11 ) Sampling Point Station 11 is located in Section 35 of Township 36 North, Range 5 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank at the USGS gage 0.2 mile downstream from Dog Creek and 0.6 mile southeast of Belta. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics During periods of higher surface ninoff , the water is magnesium bicarbonate in character. In summer months, however, when flows are comparatively low, csilcium, magneslmn, and sodium are about equal in importance. Very little variation in quality is noted at this point, and the water is of excellent quality for all uses. On rare occasions the water is slightly hard; however, it is soft the majority of the time. Total radioactivity reached 25.2 micro-micro curies per liter in May I956, which is the highest value noted during the period of record. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959 total hardness reached 62 ppm, and noncarbonate hardness 6 ppn. These values are significant only Inasmuch as they are the extremes for the period of record. •lltO- SACRAMENTO RIVER AT KESWICK (STA. 12) Sampling Point Station 12 is situated in Section 28 of Township 32 North, Range 5 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples vere collected from the left bank at the USGS gage, 0.6 mile downstream from Keswick Dam, 0.6 mile upstream from Middle Creek and 10 miles downstream from Shasta Dam. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data show the water at Station 12 to be of excellent quality, soft to slightly hsird, and to vary only slightly in mineral content. However, on several occasions during recent years, compeuratively Isurge concentrations of heavy meteds caning from Spring Creek have been sufficient to kill fish in the vicinity of this station. Streams draining the Spring Creek watershed frequently are acidic and have undesirable heavy metal concentrations and other toxic salts leached from tailings of both operating and abandoned mines. This situation has been partially corrected through increased releases from Shasta Reservoir coincident with increases of surface runoff in Spring Creek. The water at Station 12 is bicarbonate in type with calcium slightly dominant over other cations. This water is class 1 for irrigation, and excellent for dcMnestic and industrial uses. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -ll|2- WATER QUALITY RANGES (■lenate* H KOC) miMral ooMUtwnU 1 C«lel«nMl« (Nl) SoolT*d aollda U part* par aniloa CoUTora In aoat probabla imbar p«r ■iUllltar Badloacuntx In alcro-aiero enrlaa par Utar OlaaolTad alpba SoUd alpba UaiolTad bata Solid bata 1.33 o.9e 13.8 g*.9 o.w O.TO WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS _/w^ '/-X y t u. , ■ 'y\ r^^'ili ^ V \ - \ f^ ^ .^ir. VI ^ V ♦■» V \i \' SACRAMENTC ■ WICK 5TA 12 -l«3- SACRAMEMTO RIVER AT BEND (STA. 12c) Sampling Point Bend station Is located In Section 20 of Township 28 North, Range 3 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Dally ccxnposlte and monthly grab samples vere collected from the left bank 100 yards downstream from Bend Road bridge, k.O miles upstream from the mouth of Paynes Creek and approximately 6.0 miles north of Red Bluff. Period of Record May 1955 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Sacramento River at Station 12c Is bicarbonate In type with calcium the predominant cation, soft to slightly hard, class 1 for Irrigation use and suitable for domestic and Industrial use. Only minor variations In quality have been noted at this point during the period of record, "niere Is no significant difference In quality of Sacramento River water between Station 12 near Redding and the Bend station. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -lUU- SACRAMEHTO RIVER NEAR HAMILTON CITY (STA. 13 ) Sempllng Point Station 13 is located in Section 20 of Township 22 North, Range 1 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab sampler were collected from a state highway bridge 10.5 miles west of Chico, 1.2 miles northeast of Hamilton City, and about 6.0 miles upstream from the mouth of Stony Creek. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show the water at the sampling point to be bicarbonate in type with calcium usually predominemt . The water is soft to slightly hard, cla^s 1 for irrigation, meets drinking water requirements for mineral content, and is excellent for industrial use. There have been no significant variations noted at this point during the period of record. Significant Water Quality Changes There were no significant changes in water quality at this point during 1959 with the exception of total radioactivity. In the September sample, l8.4 micro-micro curies per liter were present, which represents the highest value reported at this point for the period of record. This value, however, is well below the recommended safe limit. ■ikS- WATER QUALITY RANGES ] Itai ■<.<..» or beortf Wolanior lUoertl 1 '-■ •'.'4mm . m? 1 Sp.<:lfle oeixtaeUne* (■teraaho. >t «oc) hiV.r.tur. in "T OliwlTx] oxjfn In p«rl» p«r ■lUlon P«rc:«il Mtur.Uon T» l».9 no 6.8 99 MliwTkl eomUUMiU lj> pwta par allUon n 9.5 l.T 8l' J.* 7.0 0.0 56 1.0 ».o 0.0 Calclv (Ca) NMnMlo (Nt) Sotfl. (1.) PoU..l» (K) (UrtoMt. (CO,) Btc«rbon«t. (HCDj) Sulfite (SO, ) CMorld. Ct) mir.t* (HO.) riBorld. (f) Boron (B) SlUe. (SlOj) 11.9 ».i 0.0 9.0 1.1 0.3 0.15 6.8 3.1 0.6 kk' 1.0 0.0 0.0 ToUl <1Ujo1t«1 wllda In p«rt« p«r BllUon P»rt:«it sodlw Hardn«s9 as CaOOi In naru par Billion Total loncarbonaU tMrWdltir U6 68 6 ISO IT O.n 6? 7 30 0.0 0.0 ColUora In aoat probabla mbar par ■mill tar SadloacUTltr In alcro-alcro curias par Uter Uasolrad alpha SoUd alpha UssolTad bate Solid baU >7,000. 0.13 l.kj 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.000. 0.09 0.*l 9.«'; 8.?.- 6.» 0.09 n »T TO WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 160 ?S 120 w - -i 80 20 1 1! TTT 1 \\\\\ II IIIIIIIMjIllinillllllllllllllllllll 1 1/ 1 ' ' li :. ^ ^ ^' ^ "■-v/ A>i/^ l\.rj: \^z " A/v/ \f-\y^^- ^ " 1 1 ■■ !| mi h.eco'ip;^:^^ II 3».ioo 30.000 -■- S «.000 si ".500 1 I.IM! ! ii- on- 1!, ll lllllllllllllll Im .1 ; 'V i; f*/V 11 1 i ' ■ 1 C t 12, V» 1 rJ\ . . Jl.. 5.000 '^\l i/:X J.,1 1 SACRAMENTO RIVER NEAR HAMILTON CITY STA 13 SACRAMENTO RIVER AT BUTTE CITY (STA. 87a) Sampling Point Station 87a is located in Section 32 of Township 19 North j Range 1 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab and daily composite samples were collected at the highway bridge Just downstreaa from the gaging station and O.5 mile south of Butte City. Period of Record May 1955 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Analyses of daily composite samples show the water at Station 87a to be bicarbonate in type with calcium the major cation, soft to slightly hard, class 1 for irrigation use, and within drinking water requirements for mineral content. Conparison of analyses of samples from this station with those from the Sacramento River at Hamilton City (Station I3) reveal no significant difference in mineral quality. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -ll»8- WATER QUALITY RANGES (■torcBta* *t KOC) JL«_ ("•) POtulKB (I) CartecMK (003) »lear (1.) Potaislai (>) CrtoMt. (063) Ble.rbon.1. (I0O3) Sulfit* (30),) Chlorlcte (d) tiirtlm (ID]) floorld* (r) Boroo (B) Stllc. (3102) 1* T.8 U 1.9 0.0 85 1.0 ».o 0.? O.l 3» 9.6 2:J 0.9 0.0 kj t.9 f.f 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 1» T.8 n 1.9 0.0 H 8.0 ».o o.t Teui T.86 0.00 0.00 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 180 160 tz i« is uo 1; '" 1 » St" ^ 20 IJ MO '' 1 1 I / "IT v^ lllnMunL, 1 1 1 llllllllllll 1 n r . w 1 12.000 f: 1 ■ •■ ^' 1 \l 1 ' / 1 /t bI '■ J T 1 ^.^ " k.OOO J . I 1 1.000 1 1 : . 1 . . i «5. SACRAMENTO RIVER AT COLUSA ST A 13b SACRAMENTO RIVER AT KNIGHTS LANDING (STA. 1^+) Sampling Point Knights Landing station is located in Section 1^ of Township 11 North, Range 2 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Daily composites and monthly grab samples were collectea at the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge, at Knights Lemding, Just downstream from the gaging station and about 3^ miles upstream from Sacramento. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water in Sacramento River at Knights Landing is bicarbonate in type with calcium and magnesium the predominant cations. The water is slightly hard to moderately hard, meets drinking water requirements for mineral content, and is genersiLly cleiss 1 for irrigation. In August 195^ boron reached 0.86 pp« placing this water in claiss 2 for irrigation. Comparison of smalyses of samples from Station ik with those of water from the Colusa station show that minersLL concentrations become considerably higher (on the order of I60 micromhos) in Sacramento River at Knights Landing. Numerous irrigation drainage waters entering the river between these two stations accounts for the higher minered concentrations at Station l4. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .152- WATER QUALITY RANGES NliMT*! eoMUtaanU In part* par BllUaa C»lelm (C«) ntgnmlmt (N() VxtKa (l<) CATbotMte Sulf.t. (XV) Chlorld. (CI) ItlU-lU (K>l) noorld. (r) (OO3) • (ioO)) 0.5 0.66 36 9.0 3.5 ToUl (Uiaolnd wUd* la pvta pv ■lllloa loOM u CaOO) Ln p*rt« p«r Blllloo CollforB In aMt probnbl* 1 p«r BlUUltar HvtlaacUntj In mlcro-«lcro evlu par Ut«r DliMlnd alptu SoUd alpb* ».3 O.lB WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS SACRAMEHTO RIVER AT SACRiaffiafTO (STA. 15 ) Sampling Point Station 15 Is located In Section 35 of Township 9 North, Range k East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Daily composites and monthly grab samples vere collected at Tower Bridge, O.k mile downstream from the gaging station at Seu:ramento, and about 1.3 miles downstream from the confluence of the American River. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show the water to be bicarbonate in type with C6J.cium and magnesiiom about equal in predominance as the major cations, soft to slightly hard, class 1 for irrigation, suitable for slLI but the most exacting industrial uses, and within drinking water requirements for mineral content. MinersJ. concentrations are lower (30 to 60 mlcrcmhos) at Sacramento as compared to Knights Landing due to the Influence of the American and Feather Rivers Inflow. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■15»»- WATER QUALITY RANGES (■lonahM at ?$oc) ll.O _L2_ aU U frU far allUoB Sulfii* (: Chlorld. (Cl) Ittrat* (K)i) rioorld* (f) BDrao (B) Silica (SIO;) OO3) (8003 toUl dlaaolnd aoUda la pkrta pv alUioa Colifona In aoat probabla ooabar plaacUTlt7 1b alero-aiero esriaa par liter DlaaolTad alpha SoUd alpte UaKilTad baU SoUd b«ta 0.00 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS «.000 60,000 1 55.000 50.000 11 ^5.000 kO.OOO B.OOO j 30.000 W.ooo so.ooo r\ 44'i— i --4- t;:U:NUi.:-:..^-l/' SACRAMENTO RIVER AT SACRAMENTO (STA 15) J \^ COLUSA TR0UC3I NEAR COLUSA (STA. 8?) Sampling Point Station 8T Is located In Section 3^, Township 16 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected near the surface, along the right bank, from State Highway 120 bridge 3 miles west of Colusa. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show Colusa Trough water to be predanlnantly a mixed sodium-magnesium-calcium bicarbonate-sxilfate type with concentrations of dissolved solids approaching the upper limit of class 1 for irrigation. Hardness ranged from moderately hard to very hard, limiting some domestic and industrial use. During the irrigation season this water is chiefly retiim flow from Colusa Basin and reflects the mineralized conditions of waters used and reused for agricultural purposes . Significant Water Quality Changes None . -156- SACRAMENTO SLOUGH NEAR KNIGHTS LANDING (STA. ika) Saaipllng Point The station Is within Section 20, Township 11 North, Range 2 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected near the siirface from the center of the stream, frcan a bridge crossing Sutter Bypass, near the discharge pipes from Reclamation District 1500 pumping plant about k miles east of Knights Landing. Period of Record June I951 throvigh December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show this water to be predominantly a mixed magnesium-ceJLcium-sodium bicarbonate tyjje, with low to moderate concentrations of dissolved solids, and cleiss 1 for irrigation use . Water from Sacramento Slough is moderately hard and of limited use for scane domestic and Industrial, tises. Flow in this sloxigh is chiefly Irrigation ret^arn and local drainage from Reclamation District 15OO. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -158- WATER QUALITY RANGES Cftsaolrvd o^jtvi In parts p«r alliloo Al. NlfMral Calelm (Ca Hfnmlmt (I S (la) I>dU>i1vi (>) Carbonat* (CO^) Blcarbonata (BOO^) Salf.t. (SO. ) eWorld. (CI) llCj-ata (Ml) noorlda (f) Boron (8) Silica (SlOj) O.J O.J 33 Ttotal diasolTxt aollda In parta par 1111100 Panant aodlia kiaaa aa CaOOj in parta par alllloo CollTora In aoat prababla fUdloaeUrttr In nlcro-alc DlaaolTad alpha SoUd alpha DlaaolTad bota SoUd Data r BlUlUtar par lltar 0.19 l.kj 10. k J 8.W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 O.kO 6.79 fl.gj WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS pranprnncpnii^^ 350 300 no (*-- SCO .ii i iiiiiiiiliiiiiiiii ni :: PIT RIVER NEAR CANBY (STA. 17o) PIT RIVER NEAR BIEBER (STA. IJe) Sampling Point Station ITe Is located within Section 3!^ of Township 37 North, Range 7 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the right hank, at the USGS gage I.5 miles upstream from Spring (Julch and 8 miles south of Bleber. Period of Record October 1958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water at this station is sodium- calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, soft and within mineral standSLTds for drinking water. There is no significant difference in conductivity of Pit River between the Canby station and the Bleber station. Significant Water Quality Changes None . • 168- WATER QUALITY RANGES parts p4r ■llllon C«lcli) noorld* (f) Boroo (B) Sllle« (SlOj) Teui iniBlTwl Mllda In pu-U p«r Blllloa Collfora In next probabl* oartMr p«- ■llllllta' RatflMeUntr In alcro-ai DlMolTvd alpha SoUd alpiw OlSMlTX) twU SoUd beta cpo (mrias par llt«r O.IT 0.00 9.rt WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS -A^ # -^i:::!u. ■■^■-^u ,N rt PIT RIVER NEAR MONTGOMERY CREEK vSTA. 17; PIT RIVER, SOUTH FORK NEAR LIKELY (STA. l8a) Sampling Point Station l8a Is the upstream station on the Pit River Basin and Is located in Section 11 of Township 39 North, Range 13 Eaist, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected frcan the left bank, at the USGS gage 1.3 miles downstream from West Valley Creek and 3*5 miles east of Likely. Period of Record August I958 throxigh December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics South Fork Pit River near Likely is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation and soft. Although it meets drinking water standards for mineral content, iron concentrations occasioneLLly exceed the recommended limit of O.3 pjm for iron and manganese combined. Significant Water Quality Changes During September 1959, iron exceeded the maximum recommended limit for iron and manganese combined in drinking water when 0.74 ppm was reported. The source of the excessive iron concentrations has not been determined. •172- WATER QUALITY RANOES T« If* Mral eonUtaai C«lcl« (C) Stxilai (■<) rotudiB (() Cartonat* (OOj) BlcarteMU (AOO)) Sttlf.t. {») CMorld. (d) ■ Itr.U (■>}) rioorid* (rj BDrao (B) SlUea (SIO?) la part* par Blllloa TbUI olT«d aolliia la fmrXa pur BlUlOB a« CaOO} In parta par adllloo Oollfsrv In aoat probabla amlomr Sadloactinty IB alcro-mlcro csrlaa par Utar DlaaolTad alpba SoUd alpha DlaiolTad bata SoUd bata WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 1 , x.i.. •'u 1 ■■ ! , \H- . I .. 'J > \\ PIT RIVER, SOUTH FORK NEAR LIKELY (STA. 18a) Redding Stream Unit . The Redding stream vmit is located on the northern extremity of Sacramento VeLLley and includes all major streams tributary to Sacramento River between Keswick Dam and Red Bluff. To the west of the Sacramento River, Cottonwood and Cleeu* Creeks are the major tributaries, and Cow, Bear, Battle and Paynes Creeks contribute from the east. The unit drains an area of about 2,6lO square miles of which 780 square miles is valley and mesa land. Mean annual runoff in the unit totals 2,71*0,000 acre-feet. The terrain of the unit is comprised of a fertile valley floor, rolling grass-covered foothills, and rugged mountains at the eastern and western boundaries. Developments in this area are centered around agric\ilture and lumbering switivities. Livestock raising, recreation, and light industry are also prevalent in the unit. The Sacramento River and the underlying ground water basin provide most of the water used in the unit. Waste discharges of significant quantity in this unit include outflows frcm United States Plywood Corporation (.3^ mgd), Anderson Sanitation District (.75 ngd), and City of Redding (2.5 mgd) . The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this beisin and the page on which each is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Clear Creek near Igo 176 Cow Creek near Millville 178 Cottonwood Creek below North Fork Cottonwood Creek I80 Cottonwood Creek near Cottonwood 182 Cottonwood Creek, South Fork above Cottonwood Creek 18U Battle Creek near Cottonwood 186 Paynes Creek near Red Bluff I88 -17^- CLEAR CREEK NEAR IGO (STA. 12d) Sampling Point Station 12d Is located In Section 2?, Township 31 North, Range 6 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank at the Reddlng-Igo road bridge, 1.0 mile northeast of Igo, 8 miles southwest of Redding, and 10.5 miles upstream from the mouth of the creek. Period of Record April 1958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics A review of past analyses show the water at Station 12d to be bicarbonate in type with no predominant cation, soft to slightly hard and meets the drinking water standards for mineral content. Mineral concentrations in this water identify it as class 1 for irrigation. Significant Water Quality Changes Total radioactivity reached 28. U micro-micro curies per liter in September 1959> which is a little higher than that normally foiind in streams of this unit. -176- WATER OUAUTY RANGES SfeUlc oonAicUiM* (■ .iwral conalltMnta In part* par alllloa Ulcixm (C«) NacnMlta (H|) SoOlm (la) PoUailo (() Carborula (OO-i) Mcarbonat* (ROO]) SuUat. (SO. ) eWorld. (Cl) mu-ata (K)i) nuorlda (f) ftopon (B) SlUca (5102) Total (tlaiDlTad aollda In parta par alUlon CaOOj In parta par aillloa TWal lonu T*rt>ldl«r r .llllUtar (lot Itoaau: p«- Utar J>M. WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS y w IC JOO " ?V) i c\ ?on 2 500 i*- too I,. CLEAR CREEK NEAR IGO (STA 12d) cow CREEK NEAR MTLLVILLE (STA. 88a) Sampling Point The sampling station is located in Section 32 of Township 31 North, Range 3 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, at the USGS gage, 1^.2 miles southwest of Millville, and U.3 miles downstream from Little Cow Creek. Period of Record April 1958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Analyses show water at Station 88a to be a calcium bicarbonate type, soft to slightly hard, class 1 for irrigation and meets the drinking water standards for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■178- WATER QUALITY RANGES tmnt p«- Kllllo RlMrsl eooaUtaaiU In parta par aUUo CalclM (Ca) ntfnmlm, (Hi) So<»lr4 NaalMi • m9 Tm^mrmtur* In "T a.»olT«) ox7( 0.09 k.2T 1.M WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS kOO Is 200 if ^'^ 1 1 1 llllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllliil 1^ J ' P J 1 \d^ V V . . 150 1*0 130 120 J: St TO i 60 J. y> to JO 20 10 /iS 1; 1 A. 1 Imiiiii:i 1 .;. . ■ J l»5l 19 r.. 1 . COnONWOOD CREEK BELOW NORTH FORK COHONWOOD CREEK 5TA 11a COTTONWOOD CREEK NEAR COTTONWOOD (STA. 12b) Sampling Point Station 12b is located in Section 7 of Township 29 North, Range 3 West, Mt. Diablo Base and ^4e^idian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, at the USGS gage 2 miles east of the town of Cottonwood, and approximately 2.5 miles upstream from the mouth. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 12b is bicarbonate in type with generally no predominant cation. However, a tendency has been noted for calcium to become the dcsninant cation during periods of high flow. Concentrations of dissolved minerals vary only slightly at this point and depend chiefly on the rate of surface runoff. Samples of water from this station are class 1 for irrigation, are slightly to moderately hard, meet drinking water standards for minereO. content, and are suitable for nearly all industrial uses. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -182- COTTCWWOOD CREEK, SC30TH FORK ABOVE COTTOMWOOD CREEK (STA. lib) Sampling Point The station is located in Section 17, Township 29 North, Range k West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected at mid-stream from the Evergreen Road bridge, approximately 3.2 miles west of State Highwaj V9 and 1 mile upstream from the mouth. Period of Record November 1958 through December 1959- Water QueiLity Characteristics Water at this station is calcivun bicarbonate in cheuracter, moderately hard, and class 1 for irrigation. The water is suitable for most industrial purposes and meets drinking water requirements for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .I8U- BATTLE CREEK NEAR COTTONWOOD (STA. 88b) Sampling Point Station 88b Is located In Section 6, Township 29 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected on the right bank, at the USGS gaging station, 6.3 miles upstream from the mouth, and 7.6 miles east of Cottonwood. Period of Record April I958 through December 1959- Water Quality Cheiracteristics The water at Station 88b is b^ carbonate in tyjie with no predominant cation, excellent in quality, class 1 for irrigation, soft, and meets the requirements for drinking water. MlnersJ. concentrations in water at Station 88b do not vax^ appreciably due to the effects of controlled flow resulting from upstream power developments . Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■186- PAYNES CREEK NEAR RED BLUFF (STA. 88g) Sampling Point Red Bluff station Is located In Section 3 of Township 28 North, Rfinge 2 West, Mt. Diablo Beise and Merldieua. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, 100 yards upstream from Long Road bridge at Dales station, approximately ik miles east of Red Bluff, and 7 miles upstream frcan the USGS gage, which is located O.k mile upstream from the mouth. Period of Record October 1958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past emalyses show water at this point to be magnesium bicarbonate in type, slightly hard and within drinking water standards. Boron concentrations occasionally cause the water to be class 2 for irrigation . Boron in this stream is attributable to the geologic formations inherent in the drainsige basin. Significant Water Quality Changes For several months during 1959 boron concentrations exceeded the limits of a class 1 irrigation water. Low flow conditions existing during 1959 did not provide enough dilution water to prevent boron concentrations from reaching class 2 irrigation limits. ■188- WATER QUALITY RANGES SpacrLric oonJactano* (aleraBtaa at 7$ac) a. 9 110 e.t Caleli cooaUtunU In put* p«r bIIUob (C) IU(TlMlM (Nf) Sodlia (■*) PoUadtB (() Carborxt* (OOi) ncartoMt* (to ClUorld. (CT) lltraU (aOi) noorlda (f) Boroo (B) Silica (510;) Tet&I (llaaDlTad aollda In ftrU par aUllan Parcant aodlia Rardnaaa aj CaOOi In parta par Billion ftital TttrMdUr 36 0.0 > 1959 ColUo™ probabla par ■UlUlt.r ("ot HadloactlTltj In Kicro^slcro cmrlaa par lltar QlasolTad alpha Solid alpha UaaolTad bata SoUd beta 0.3» 1».05 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 50 I-™ krt PAYNES CREEK NEAR RED BLUFF '.STA. 88gi West Side Stream Unit . The drainage area of the West Side stream unit occupies approximately ^,000 square miles along the west side of Sacramento Valley. Major streams draining the area include Redbank, Elder, 'Hianes, Stony, Caxihe, and Putah Creeks. Clear Lake is a large natural lake on Cache Creek and is a prominent feature of the drainage area. Foothills and mountains of the Coast Raiige cover about 75 percent of the unit. The aggregate natural runoff of the streams of the unit average about 1,900,000 acre -feet per year. CcMmnercial development in the unit is primarily beaed on agriculture emd livestock raising. The foothills provide excellent grazing lands and the valley and mesa lands are suitable for numerous orchard and field crops. Recreation has been a major attraction in the Clear Lake area for many years and as water developments occur in other portions of this unit, recreation will command a more important place in their economy. Several small ccanmunities , resort areas, and limited mining activities discharge wastes into the streams of this unit. Only minor impairment of water quality in these streams is attributable to this source. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this vmit and the page on which each is discussed'. -190- Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Dlscuaslon Redbank Creek near Red Bluff 192 Elder Creek near Paskenta I9U Elder Creek at Gerber I96 Thomes Creek at Paskenta I98 Thomes Creek near mouth 200 Stony Creek at Black Butte Dam Site 202 Stony Creek near Hamilton City 20U Clear Lake at Lakeport 206 Cache Creek near Lower Lake 208 Cache Creek near Capay 210 Cache Creek, North Fork near Lower Lake 212 Putah Creek near Winters 2lU .191- REDBAHK CREEK NEAR RED BLUFF (STA. 88d) Sampling Point Station 88d Is situated in Section 22 of Township 26 North, Range 5 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected frcan a private bridge approximately 100 feet north of Lowery Road, at the DWR gage, 2 miles southeast of Redbank and 15 miles northwest of Red Bluff. Period of Record January 1959 through December 1959* Water Quality Characteristics Based on limited data, water at Station 88d Is calcium-magneslvun bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, moderately hard to very hard and within drinking water standards for mlnereil content. Significant Water QueLllty Changes None . -192- WATER QUALITY RANGES Spw;iric ooadaetanoa {mXe nrwral conaUtanta la part* par allUoa Calclai (Ca) NMnMlH (Ni) So)) Solf.t. (S(V) Cklorld. (CI) ■ ItraU (ID3) flaortd* ■ ■oral (B) Slllu (310;) n n T.6 TdUI in«aDlT««- Utar UaaolTad alpha SoUd alpba 0.5« 0.<0 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS t THOMES CREEK AT PASKENTA (STA 13d) THOMES CREEK HEAR MOUTH (STA. 95b) Sampling Point Thotnes Creek station Is located In Section 35 of Township 25 North, Range 3 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the center of the channel of flow from the Highway 99W bridge at Richfield, 3 miles north of Corning, 1U.5 miles south of Red Bluff, amd 4.5 miles upstream from the mouth. Period of Record January 1959 through December 1959 • Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 95b is calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, slightly to moderately hard, and within the i^commended standards for mineral content in drinking water. During the first half of the calendar year the concentration of constituents at this station are slightly higher than at Station 13d about 20 miles vrpstream. As Irrigation canmenced and natural rxmoff decreased in this area, the conductivity differential between the upstream station and Station 95b increased from a few micromhos to about 85 micromhos. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -200- WATER QUALITY RANGES ••Dlrad oxrtmt In part* pm- adLlloa Caletan (C*) Rmim.1_ (IK) Sodlo (1.) M>U«t« (I) Cu-teMt* (063) Sulf.t. (SO. ) aUorld. (cT) IlU-lU (iDj) noarlij* (r) aorao (B) SlllM (SlOj) TtoUl (ttanlnd aoUdi la pwt« pv ■Ullao u C«003 In p«rta par allllo OoUtorm io ■ UdloacUTltj lA Klero-Klc OlraalTad alpha SoUd alpha DUaolTad b«U SoUd beta ■Ulllltar (Bot lbaavir>4) p«- Utar WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS STONY CREEK AT BLACK BUTTE DAM SITE (STA. 13c) Sampling Point Station 13c Is situated within Section 29 of Township 23 North, Range k West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples of water were collected from the right bank in the vicinity of the USGS gage, 120 feet downstream from the diversion dam, and 8.7 miles northwest of Orland. Period of Record January I958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Stony Creek at Black Butte Dam Site is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, ranges from slightly hard to very hard and meets drinking water standards for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes A significant decrease in radioactivity was noted during 1959. The total activity decreased from 18.3 Hfic/l in May to 3'1 W^c/l in September. "Hie higher value reported is still well within safe limits. -202- WATER QUALITY RANOES VKirtc eonluctuc* (alon In pftrta p4r allllon MliMrkl CaXelmt (Ca) NMOMtv (Nt) So seat probabla RaiMoaeUTltj la .Icpo-bIc QlsaolTad alpba Solid alpha □laaolTad bata SoUd bata pa- alllilitar 0.00 0.00 0.00 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ja/W X ^=t^p^ '-J- 't:zq 5. TOO- — 51 I laaz T '»" I STONY CREEK NEAR HAMILTON CITY STA \3o} CLEAR LAKE AT LAKEPORT (STA. kl) Sampling Point Station kl, the only active station on Clear Lake during 1959, is located In Section 2k of Township ik North, Range 10 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the end of the pier at the foot of Third Street at the north end of the park In Lakeport. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data show the water of Clear Lake to be characteristically calcium-magnesiiim bicarbonate, slightly hard to moderately hard and within drinking water standards for mineral content. Boron, which has reached 1.23 ppm, frequently causes the water to be cl8iss 2 for irrigation use. Geologic formations and runoff from highly mlneredized springs are considered to be the source of boron In Clear Lake. Significant Water Quality Changes Boron continued to frequently exceed the 0.5 ppm maximum for class 1 irrigation use during 1959, causing the water in Clear Lake to be class 2 for eight months of 1959- Total radioactivity increased significantly from 1.2 Ufic/l found in May to 15.7 |i|ic/l In September. However, the September value is still within safe limits , •206- WATER QUALITY RANGES a^Miric moAieUDM (> Qla«Dlr«d o^i«n In part« pm' Kllll PoUadai (() -i: 003) («00l ( 11003) Sulf.t. (30. ) CMorld. (Ct) llLr«C« (MDi) noorld* (f) fcpoo (B) SUle. (SlOj) ToUl ctliaolTad aoUda In pu-t« par slUlon u C«003 lii p«rt« p«r Kllllon ■oou CoUform in aMt probablt iml lUdloaetlTltj In alero-alcro 1 r ■lUUlt.r p«- Ut«r SoUd alpha DtsaolTwJ bat* Solid bata WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS t 1951 t 1952 t -as-l 1 CLEAR LAKE AT LAKEPORT 5TA 41 CACHE CREEK NEAR LOWER LAKE (STA. U2) Sampling Point Station h2, which monitors outflow from Clear Lake to Cache Creek, Is situated in Section 6 of Township 12 North, Range 6 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank at the USGS gage, approximately 500 feet downstream from Cache Creek Dam, 3.5 miles east of State Highway 53, and 5 miles southeast of Lower Lake. Period of Record April I951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Analyses show Cache Creek water to be similar to the water found in Clear Lake at Lakeport, calcium-magnesium bicarbonate in character, slightly hard to moderately hard, and to consistently meet drinking water stsindards for minered content. Boron frequently causes this water to be class 2 for irrigation use and at times (December 1953 and January 195^) places it in the class 3 Irrigation water category. Only minor differences have been noted between the concentration of most constituents found at the Lakeport station on Clear Lake and Station U2. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .208- CACHE CREEK NEAR CAP AY (STA. 8o) Sampling Point The Capay station is located in Section 8 of Township 10 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples of this water were collected from the right bsmk at the USGS gage, 2 miles upstream from the Clear Lake Water Company diversion dam, and 3 miles northwest of Capay. Period of Record December 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Cache Creek water at Station 80, els at upstream stations, is magnesium-ceilcium bicarbonate in cheu-acter, moderately hard to very hard, within mineral standards for drinking water, and varies from class 1 to 3 for irrigation due to boron. Boron causes the water to be class 2 or 3 for irrigation during the major part of the year, with only flows following heavy precipitation being diluted to class 1 for irrigation. The effects of North Fork tributary flow have perennially been reflected by significant increases in most constituents in Cache Creek between Lower Lake and Capay. Boron concentrations and conductivity have an average increase in this reach of about 0.6 ppn and 2^40 micromhos, respectively. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959, the total radioactivity increaised frcan 6.k nnc/l in May to I5.I6 (inc/l in September. Although these levels are slightly higher than levels detected in previous years, they are within safe limits. -210- WATER QUALITY RANGES miiliM or lUeonl SpacUlc ooodoetanc* (sleraahM *t ?50C) Tai^MrsUir* tn °r e*lcl» (C) KmomIo (Nf) Sodloa (la) PoUaslv (K) CATborutv (OOi) Blc.rbon.1. (ftOOj) Sulf.t. (30. ) CMorld. (CT) KlU-tta (NDi) noorld* (f ) Boron (B) SlUc« (SlOj) Total (tliaolvvd 9olld9 In parts p«r Hllllon as CaOOi In part* par i Tbtal lonea TttrWdHjr Collfor» : 9t prababla mbar par ■lllllltar RadloactlTltjr Lq mlcro-«lcro Olaaolrad alpha SoUd alpha Uaaolrad Solid bMa CACHE CREEK, NORTH PORK NEAR LOWER LAKE (STA. 79) Sampling Point Station 79 is located in Section 31 of Township ik North, Range 6 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, at the USGrS gage, 2.7 miles upstream from State Highway 20 bridge, 6 miles east of Clear Lake Oaks, and 10 miles north of Lower Lake . Period of Record December I95I throvigh December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Samples of North Fork Cache Creek water Indicate a charewiterlstically magnesium-calcium bicarbonate water that ranges from slightly hard to very hard but consistently meets drinking water standards for mineral content. Boron concentration usually causes Cache Creek water to be class 2 for irrigation use and frequently class 3. Only during extremely wet seeisons is boron found in concentrations less than the O.5 pi»n limit for class 1 irrigation water. North Fork Cache Creek drains an area containing numerous hot springs which have high concentrations of borates and other mlnersJ-S which, even under pristine conditions, woxild cause high boron in runoff from the area. The quality of North Fork Cache Creek reflects the effects of drainage from the springs in the area. The concentration of constituents at this station are higher than those found in Clear Lake. During 1959 boron caused the water to be class 3 for irrigation use during ten months of the year and class 2 during the remaining two. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -212- WATER QUALITY RANGES (■leroahM tt ffoc) raton la °T Irad o^rgMi In parts pv million ItaaiU U part* pu ^lUon (■•) IMtaaalw (I) Cartenat* (OOi) Slearbooata (BCOi) SuUata (») CMarlda (CI) llU-at* (K)}) Flaorlda (f) BDn» (B) Silica (SIO;) iy>Ul tflaaolTwl aoUda In parts par Billion CaOOj In part* par KlUlon tetal ■onca hrUdltr CoUrora In la<>loaeUTlt7 In mlcro-«lc OlaaolTKJ alpha SoUd alpha UaaolTad bata SoUi twta par ■milltar las par liter J.5 0. I? 0. ter * 9\ 9. I*? k. 1.6 O.l 0. T.k 0.85 0.73 12.6* WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS =f ;;l i".i »•» ?■ ll J^.' (v-.. W- ' '1 ill . i' *} 'i / vx> i ■'/ ' . / , ^ V-' _ \J >' iiiiifiiiil'-'iiilhii:ii \\. \ f..^ -^ ^1 ^ - I 1991 I I9S2 I <9il 1 CACHE CREEK, NORTH FORK NEAR LOWER LAKE iSTA. 79, Nfif- :t---^ PUTAH CREEK HEAR WIHTERS (STA. 8l) Sampling Point Station 8l Is located In Section 28 of Township 8 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank, 1 mile downstream from the USGS gage, 8.2 miles west of Winters. Period of Record December I95I throiigh December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past smalyses of samples collected at Station 81 Indicate a water of csLLclum-magnesliun to magneslijm-calclum bicarbonate character, slightly hard to very hard and of acceptable mlneraQ. content for drinking water. However, because of boron, It ranges from class 1 to class 2 for Irrigation. Runoff from highly mineralized springs and leaching of geologic formations account for the boron In the basin. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -2l4- WATER QUALITY RANGES M^tnr. In "T 10.5 l(liM.-«l (KxaUtuBU In parxa pw allUa Calclai (Ca) H.cn.1. (m) (OO3) t (loo,) caaoria. (CI) lltrat* (K)i) riaorld* (r) a« C«003 Iji prXs pmr kIIIIo SoUforB In aaat probabl* natxr p«r ■iUlllUr bdloacuntr la Blcro-mlcro curies per llt«r OluolTw) alpha SoUd alpha SoUd twta WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS iiEa:.:;.^ TTTTTTTTTr ill . i .. TTTT ■7^ "TTm IM||i!|l| TTTTTTT StTT r^ ,^...^:lh'|lllllllll!'l!ll|lilllll|lllllll|i|||l!l.: ""'7 r 0.0 -d h.:.;.v....|...^-..:^r^ . I iMt I 1952 I 1 9^3 I PUTAH CREEK NEAR WINTERS .STA. 81 Sacramento Valley Northeast Stream Unit . Several smeill stream basins which drain the 1,1^ square miles east of the northeastern jxDrtion of Sacramento Valley are included in this unit. These streams originate in the Sierra Nevada sind flov along steep par£j.lel courses to the valley floor. They have only minor tributaries and little developnent along their route. Principal streams in the unit, from north to south, are Antelope, Mill, Deer, Big Chico, and Butte Creeks. Annual natural mean runoff is about l,l80,000 acre-feet. The terrain of these basins is almost entirely mountainous with only a few headwater valleys adaptable to irrigated agriculture. Agricultural, livestock raising, mining, recreational, and lumbering activities sure carried on in these basins. There are no significant waste discharges entering streams in this unit. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this unit and the page on which each is discussed*. Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Antelope Creek near Red Bluff 2l8 Antelope Creek nesir mouth 220 Mill Creek near Los Molinos 222 Big Chico Creek near Chico 22k Big Chico Creek at Chico 226 Butte Creek near Chico 228 -216- ANTELOPE CREEK NEAR RED BLUFF (STA. 88e) Sampling Point Red Bluff station is located in Section 8 of Township 27 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, approximately 3 miles east of Highway 99E on Belle Mill Road, and 8.5 miles east of Red Bltiff. Period of Record October 1958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Antelope Creek water at the Red Bluff station is bicarbonate in type with no predominant cation, soft to slightly hard, class 1 for irrigation, and suitable for industrial and domestic uses . Significant Water Quality Changes None . -218- WATER QUALITY RANGES iMral eoMtllaanU Id parta par ■lllloD C«lrloll9 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS K: I9SI 1952 ANTELOPE CREEK NEAR RED BLUFF STA. 88ej ANTELOPE CREEK HEAR MOUTH (STA. 88c) Sampling Point Station 88c is located in Section 17 of Township 26 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected at State Highway 99E bridge, approximately 1.5 miles above the mouth, and about 9 miles southeast of the town of Red Bluff. Period of Record October I958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show the water to be bicarbonate in type with no predominant cation, slightly hard and class 1 for irrigation. Comparison of analyses of samples of water from Antelojje Creek near mouth with those from near Red Bluff show a minor increase (25-100 micromhos) in most constituents. The increase in mineral concentra- tions is attributable to irrigation return flow and minor waste entering Anteloije Creek in the reach between these two stations. Significemt Water Quality Changes None . -220- WATER QUALITY RANGES | it« maimmot iMord Hum - m» RlnlMi - m? J Sp«cinc ooatacUne* (■Icraalua at 75oC) TM^witur* La T Olaaolnd oxjri*" m f»rXa p«- aiUloa Parent aataraUoB PM 99.0 '>5 vr Mlnaral conaUtsanU In paru par ■lllloo Calclv (Ca) Hacnaal. (Kg) Sodlo (la) PoUMlo H) Cartooata (OO3) Bleartoonala (fiOOj) Sulf.t. (30. ) CMorltfa (CI) iltraU (IBi) noorlda (f) Boron (B) Silica (SlOj) SO 5.9 0.0 160 6.7 0.? 0.7 5k 7.6 k.6 0.7 0.0 99 3.8 6.0 0.0 0.0 ?5 JO ?k ji 1.7 o.« O.T 5* 7.6 k!k 60 0.0 Total dlaaolTad aollda In part* par Billion Pare art aodio Bardnaaa a< CaOOj In parta par ■llllon Tbtal loncarbonat* Tttrtidltr ?17 38 11.3 15 5 81 15 39 0.0 ? »17 38 U3 15 5 81 15 ? Colirom U aoat probabla nmbar p«- ■UlUltar (Hot !UdlaacUTlt7 In mlcro-alcro curlaa par Utar QlsaolTad alpha Solid alpha UaaolT.) bau SoUd bata Saa 1959 Saa 1959 0.00 0.00 o.w 0.09 1.03 0.31 0.00 o.or. WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS llOO r« - Is wo 5g soo s! .» li ■« 50 1 Si '■" i^ 0.5 i k5 1 **" X 35 h . n 1 » ~ 10 5 I I'l' I ;:; t i P....AA/1 t I / ^ 1 '■--' ' I liiiiiiimliiiliiiiiii Illll ' ~" 1 :::;::::::. , III 1 I 1 ^ A ;;;::;;;;;;^4-/:;.„-.v.; I9SI I9S2 1 I9%3 ANTELOPE CREEK NEAR MOUTH STA. 88ci MILL CREEK NEAR LOS MOLINOS (STA. 88) Sampling Point Station 88 is located in Section 9 of Township 25 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Bsise and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected frcm the right bank, below State Highway 99E bridge, about 1.5 miles north of Los Molinos. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Generally the water at this station is bicarbonate in type with sodium in excess of the other cations, drinking water requirements for mineral content are met, hardness ranges from soft to slightly hard, and the water is good for most industrial uses. Boron periodically places this water in class 2 for irrigation during periods of low flow. Significant Water Qu8U.ity Changes During 1959 mineral concentrations varied somewhat from maaimum-minlmum remges established during previous years. Calcium and siilfates reached 20 ppm, chlorides 28 ppn, and boron 0.8 ppm, all representing the highest values reported during the period of record. Silica ranged from hk to 30 ppm, representing the greatest variation for the period of record. Surface runoff during the year was somewhat lower than average and the smsdler amount of dilution water available probably accounted for the increase in mineral concentrations . Also, the considerable use made of the water in Mill Creek for irrigated agriculture emd related irrigation returns undoubtedly affected the quality. -222- WATER QUALITY RANGES •aolnd ox7i« ^ p>rt« p«r ■Ultea T.B t>m-«l conatlloaiU In p«rt» (wr mlUlo Calcls ((U) C&rbonattt (OOi) BlcarboMt* (ROO3) Sulr.t. (S(Y) Chlorlil. (CI) I1U->U (aoi) noorid. (r) ■».3 »1 3.8 0.0 96 sill CB) • (S102) Total dl»aolnd MUd* la pvt< pw KUlioa Pvrcflot ndloi HardMia u CaOOi In part* pv alllloa Ttotal TttrMcJUr CoUfora In BMt probabl* nabar p«r alllllltv lUdloaetiTlty In alcro-alcro cnrlM p«r lltor OlssolTK) alpha SoUd alpha OlasolTad b«U SoUd iMta O.S* WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS WM^fy- ' T 1;^ a V N l»Sl I I9S2 MILL CREEK NEAR LOS MOLINOS ST A 88- BIG CHICO CREEK NEAR CHICO (STA. 85) Sampling Point Station 85 Is located In Section 9 of Township 22 North, Remge 2 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank at the USGS gage, approximately 6 miles northeast of Chico and 12.9 miles upstream from the mouth. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past records show the water to be consistently good to excellent in quality, calcium-magnesium or magnesium- csLLclum bicarbonate in type, class 1 for irrigation, soft to slightly hard, and very good for domestic and industrial purposes. Significant Water Qusility Changes None . -22U- WATER QUALITY RANOES 8) 6.8 I parte par BtlUoa (003) • (Sooj) Sulf.t. (30. ) CMorlUda In jmrta par alUloo Collfora In aoat probabl* mtbar p !Udlo«ctlTltj In alcro-«lcro curie Dl99olT«d alpha SoUd alpha DUiolTad baU SoUd bala WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS u EC 300 i S-|V/K BIG CHICO CREEK NEAR CHICO iSTA. 85; BIG CHICO CREEK AT CHICO (STA. 85a) Sampling Point Station 85a Is located In Section 28 of Township 22 North, Range 1 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the Rose Avenue bridge, at the Intersection of Rose and Bldwell Avenues, In the City of Chlco. Period of Record January 1959 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics The water at Station 85a Is excellent In quality, a bicarbonate type with calcium dominant over other cations, class 1 for irrigation, soft to slightly hard and has a mineral content which meets drinking water requirements . Significant Water Quality Changes None . .226- WATER QUALITY RANGE' Nlnwil corwUtoanta In pu-t< par mil C»lir (Ca) NacnwloB (N() Sodlia (la) I>DUail» (K) Carbonata (OOi) Mcarbooata (HOOj) Julfala (S ■ Chlorlcta noorlda (f ) aoran (S) Silica (SlOj) ^! Tbtal dlaiolml aoUda In part* pw ■ Fvcant aodla aa C«003 la parta par BlUio (Hoi Mraaurxll CollTora tn aoat probabla ■ par mllllUUr (Rot SadloactlTltj In mlcro-»lcro cnrlaa par lllar QlsaolTad alpha SoUd alpha UaaolTod bata SoUd bata O.li 0.60 9. ft WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS f4^ BIG CHICO CREEK AT CHICO (STA. 85a) BUTTE CREEK NEAR CHICO (STA. 8U) Sampling Point Station 8^^ is located in Section 36 of Township 22 North, Range 2 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank at the USOS gage, 0.8 mile downstream from Little Butte Creek, and 7-5 miles east of Chico. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics The character of the water at Station 8U is generally bicarbonate with no predominant cation; however, occasionally it changes to calciiim bicarbonate. Chemical analyses show very little variation in quality occurs and that the water is soft, class 1 for irrigation, meets drinking water standards, and is excellent for industrial uses. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .228- iMr>l cofMUtwBU In pwt* pmr allUs dclBI (C) tUriMi* (N() So«ciri<: conlucUnc* (aleToMio* ct ? QI*«olT«d osyfan in parla pm- mllllo Mlnaril coiwtlti C»lcl«i (C) lUcnMlOi (N() Sunu In furXa par allUaB PoUaitw (K) CATbonat* {OO3) Bicarbonate (ROO3) Sulf.t. (Sft^) ClUorliia (CI) mtrau (aoi) ntiorida (r) Boron (B) Silica (SiO?) TotAl aolTad aollda In jmrU pu- allllon Hardnaaa aa CmCOy In parta par Billion IWal loncarbonata Coll/ora In aoat probabla par mUimtar RadloacUrttjr Ui ■lcro-«lcro curias par liter DlaaolTed alpha SoUd alpha QLaaolTad bata SoUd bata 0.61 0.15 6.k3 6.37 0.17 0.00 0.«l '•'2 1.18 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS lO.iOO 9,000 7. 500 6.000 i>.yio 3.000 1.500 I llMMim; m ! 1 M nr i Ji . n t ii ^•••■^^•■••^^••a «SI 1 _952 FEATHER RIVER BELOW SHANGHAI BEND {STA.20o) INDIAN CREEK NEAR CRESCENT MILLS (STA. IJd) Sampling Point Station IJd Is located in Section 25 of Township 26 North, Range 9 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the center of the creek, from the Taylors- ville Road bridge (0.7 mile upstream from the USOS gage), 1.5 miles upsti^am from Dixie Creek and 1 mile south of Crescent Mills. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Cheuracteristics The water at Station 17d is calcium bicarbonate in character, ranges from soft to moderately hard, consistently meets mineral requirements for drinking water, and is class 1 for irrigation . Significant Water Quality Changes None . -238- WATER QUALITY RANGES Specific con(tactanc« (alor TMi|>M-*tur« In °r It.l T.I NlrMTd comUtamU In part* par ■lllio CalctoB (C<) KacnMlai (Hf) So<»lDU>st\a (K) CATbomt* (OO3) BtcarboMt* (ROD]) Julf.l. (SIV) CMorlil. (Cl) mtrtu (K>i) noorld* (P) Bcron (B) SlUc« (SlOj) Total iDlT«d Mild* U pvt* pw alUlon P«rcM>t MdliB as Ca003 In parts p«r Billion CollToni In Boat probabla !UdloacUTlt7 In alcro-alero eurlaa par lltar QlasolTad alpha Solid OlaaolTad SoUd Yuba- Bear Rivers Unit . The Yuba-Bear Rivers Unit Is located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada In the west-central portion of the Central Valley Region. Included within the unit are about l,'+90 square miles of land ranging from rugged mountains to rolling foothills with only about 17 square miles classified as valley and mesa. Mean annueO. runoff of the drainage systems of the Yuba and Bear Rivers are 2,Ul5,CX)0 acre-feet and 356, OCK) acre-feet, respectively. Developments In the unit are typical of mountainous 8u-eas and Include ivunberlng, mining, resorts, recreational facilities, and livestock raising. Waste discharges frcm these activities are relatively minor and, except for the cities of Auburn (0.6 mgd), Nevada City (0.5 mgd), and Grass Valley (l.O mgd), do not exceed O.5 million gallons per day. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of sxirface water in this wait and the page on which each is discussed.' Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Yuba River near Smartvllle 2^2 Yuba River at Marys ville 2kk Bear River near Wheatland 2k6 Bear River near mouth 2k8 -2U0- YUBA RIVER NEAR SMARTVILLE (STA. 21a) Sampling Point Station 21a is situated in Section 20 of Township 16 North, Range 6 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, at Highway 20 bridge k miles downstream fran the confluence of Deer Creek, 5 miles downstream from Narrows Dam, and 2 miles northwest of Staartville. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data show the water at Station 21a to be calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, soft to slightly hard, and within drinking water standards for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■2l+2- YUBA RIVER AT MARYSVILLE (STA. 21 ) Sampling Point Station 21 on Yuba River Is located In Section l8 of Township 15 North, Range k East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly- grab samples were collected from the center of the channel of flow, frcMn Simpson Lane bridge, approximately 1 mile upstream from the confluence with the Feather River. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics The water in Yuba River at Station 21 i" calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, soft to slightly hard, and within drinking water standards for mineral content. There is no significant difference noted in the quality of water at Station 21 and the upstream station (21a) near Smartvllle. Significant Water Qusility Changes None . .2kk- WATER QUALITY RANGES (■laroritoa at 29>C) «1 Ik. 5 iMTftl conaUtOMiU In p*rL« p«r i (Ulclai ((U) IK«T>Mll_ (N() Sixtlm (■<) PoUaHtB (K) Cirbonat* (OO3) Blc.rbon.1. (SoOj) Sttif.i. (sa^) Chlorld. (CI) lltxats (KI1) noorld. (r) Boroo (B) Slllc* OlO;) ItoUl dl>«>l*«) aoUd* In pu-U pw ■Ullao CoUrors In aost probabl* mriMr pv alllllltar lUdloacUntr In mlcro-alero cnrlu pv II tar Dl»olT*d alpha SoUd alpha DlHolTad iMta SoUd iMta ?.15 ?0.68 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS BEAR RIVER NEAR WHEATLAND (STA. 78) Sampling Point Station T8 Is located In Section 3 of Township 13 North, Range 5 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank, (at the USGS gage) near U. S. Highway 99E bridge 1 mile southeast of Wheatland. Period of Record December I95I through December 1959' Water Quality Characteristics The water at Station T8 is calcium or calcium-magnesium bicarbonate in character, soft to moderately hard, consistently class 1 for irrigation and within drinking water standeirds for mineral content. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -21+6- WATER QUALITY RANGES a|M<:iric ooniucUnc* (aloraahM at Koc) tawatar* U "T CtaaolTvd a4yt«i In parta p«r Killlon conalitaanU In parts par Billloa FoUailia Cartionata «) (OO3) Mcarbonala (SoOj) Sulf.t. {») CWorlila ■ lU-aU (Ki) riaorlda (f) Boron (B) Silica (SIO?) TeUl ittaaolTad aoU(ia In part* ft ^llloa CaOOj In parta par T-«lcro CMTlaa par lltar UssolTad alpha Solid alpha WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ..-^ l|[|2,«oUji[;^lBlT«l aoUda In fmrU pv ■LUtao P«rc«it aodlM SardBM* u CaOOj In parts par sillloo » I T 1 5 V ■) Collform In aoat probable nmbv pv aUlllltar Sadloactlrlt/ In alero-alcro curlaa p«- 11 tar OlssolTad alpha Solid alpha QLaaolTwJ bata Solid bala WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS lu 'V 1 ¥-^a^ AMERICAN KIVtK Ai NIMBUb UAM 51 A Z^O AMERICAN RIVER AT SACRAMENTO (STA. 22) Sampling Point Station 22 on the American River is located In Section 3, Township 8 North, Range 5 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly- grab samples wei^ collected at mid-stream frcMi the "H" Street bridge in Sacramento. Period of Record April I95I throvigh December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data reveal the water to be genereilly calcium bicarbonate in character. The mineral quality is excellent, soft, and very similar to that at Station 22a (American River at Nimbus Dam) . The criteria for class 1 irrigation water and minersJ. constituents for domestic use are consistently met by water at this station. Since 1956, when regulation of flow by Folsom Dam wsis commenced, the quality of water has been noticeably improved and more perennially xiniform. The maximum values for concentration of individual constituents during the period of record all occurred prior to 1956. Significant Water Quality Chajiges None . -251*- WATER QUALITY RANGES 3p«elTle ooaduoi«no* (alor PoUaslia U) C««on«t« (OOj) Blcartewt* (ROO3) Sttir.t. (SO. ) CMorli) naorld* (F) 3J u 0.6 Tot&l dlfiolTad wUd* in puta pv ailllaa rdtMst u CaOOi In part* pmr Kllllofi Ttot»l Ionc»rbon»U Collfora In Boat pnbabl* aaibtr p«r alUUltar lUdloacUrltj In Blero-alcro corlM pm- Ut«r UsaolTad alph* Solid alpha QLaaolTxJ txU SoUd b«t« o.6rtx>n*l« (lioO)) Sulf.l. (9(V) CMorid* (CI) «ltr.t« (»0j) noorlit (f) Boron (B) Sllle* (310;) 1*1 dliaolTcd tolld* In pu-ta par Billion Coll/ona in aoat probabla aal RadloacUrlly In mieTo-miero DlasolTad alpha SoUd alptia UasolTad bats SoliO bata par ■iUllltar ' 1 a V .0 «» O.ST \.6k OOP WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 1 V ! V' 1 *"'•■ I • i AMERICAN RIVER, MIDDLE FORK NFAR AUBllPN -257- I » AMERICAN RIVER, SOUTH FORK NEAR LOTUS (STA. 22c) Sampling Point The station on South Fork American River is located in Section 11, Township 11 North, Range 9 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, opjxjsite the USGS gaging station located O.k mile downstream from the confluence of Greenwood Creek, and 2.k miles northwest of Lotus. Period of Record July I958 throvigh December 1959' Water Quality Characteristics Analyses of the water show the predominant anion to be bicarbonate and the principal cation calcium. Csilcium is not predominant, however, since sodium and magnesium together often comprise over 50 percent of the cations . Water at the station is of excellent mineral quality, class 1 for irrigation, suitable for domestic use, and soft with a maximum recorded hardness of 32 ppm. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■258- San Joaquin River Valley (^b) The San Joaquin River VsLLley occupies the south-central portion of the Central Valley Region. Boimdarles of the basin are defined by the ridge of the Sierra Nevada to the east, the divide betveen Tulare Lake Beisin and the San Joaquin River to the south, the crest of the Coast Range on the west and the San Joaquin Delta and Mokelumne River Basin to the north. Average east-west width of the basin is 130 miles. About 11,792 square miles, of which 7,993 square miles are mountainous and foothills, are included in the drainage basin. Between the alluvial fans and foothills of the Coast and Sierra Mountains lies the broad, level San Joaquin Valley. The 95 percent of the land in the San Joaquin Valley is classified as valley and mesa area. The main valley floor contains about 3,670 square miles of fertile agricviltural lands with elevations varying from almost sea level in the lower end to about 300 feet at the base of the foothills. There are no major streams draining the relatively barren foothills and mountains to the west. Major streams, all of which arise in the Sierra Nevada to the east Include the Stanislaus, Fresno, Chowchllla, Merced, and Tuolumne Rivers. These rivers drain nagged, mountainous terrain with elevations often exceeding 10,000 feet. Natural mean seasonal surface runoff in the San Joaquin River Valley is estimated to be 6,385,000 acre-feet. Eighteen sampling stations are being monitored to provide a continuing check on the quality of surface water resources in the San Joaquin River Valley. Monitored stream basins with the number of stations in parentheses are as follows: -260- San Joaquin River Unit (8) Fresno River Basin (l) Chowchilla River and Bear Creek Unit (2) Merced River Basin (2) Tuolumne River Beiain (3) Stanislaus River Basin (2) .261- San Joaquin River Unit . The San Joaquin River Unit includes the following thi^e watersheds: (l) slLI land below the Sierra Nevada foothill line to the east, (2) drinage basins of minor tributary streams and the valley floor to the west, (3) the headwaters of the San Joaquin River. Valley and mesa lands in the unit include 3,855 square miles, with over 95 percent of these on the floor of the San Joaquin VsLLley. Mountains €uid foothills comprise 10,679 square miles, with over 60 percent of these lands located in the Coast Range. Mean seasonal runoff from the unit is 3,26U,500 acre-feet. The topography of the unit is highly variable. The west side terrain is hilly, generally rolling, with elevations varying from about 500 feet to slightly over 3,000 feet above sea level. The valley floor is comparatively level, marred only by stream channels or draws. In contrast, the San Joaquin River Basin in the Sierra Nevada is extremely rugged and drains areas with elevations in excess of 10,000 feet. Economic activities in the \mit are dominated by agriculture, but mining, natural gas, lumber production, livestock raising, and light industry all have a role. Agriculture, however, is by far the largest user of water resources . Wastes of significant magnitude are discharged from several communities and industries in the unit. Controls have been established to prevent these wastes from becoming major impairment problems. However, irrigation return flows pose a threat to water quality in the San Joaquin River. Major wastes discharging into this river imit are listed in the following tabulation: ■262- city of Fresno 30.0 mgd City of Turlock 3.3 mgd City of Oakdale 1.0 mgd City of Modesto 6.7 n«d Lee Paper Company I.5 mgd Castle Air Force Base 0.6 n^d City of Chowchllla 0.5 mgd City of Los Bemos I.5 mgd City of Atwater 2.5 ragd City of Merced 10.0 mgd Seven surface water quality monitoring stations are maintained In this unit. The following tabulation presents the names of the monitoring stations and the page on which each Is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion San Joaq;in River at Friant 26'* San Joaquin River near Mendota 266 San Joaquin River at Fremont Ford Bridge 268 San Joaquin River at Hills Ferry Bridge 270 San Joaquin River near Grayson 272 San Joaquin River at Maze Road Bridge 27^ San Joaquin River near Vernalls 276 Seat Slough at San Luis Ranch 278 -263- SAN JOAQUIN RIVER AT FRIANT (STA. 2k) Sampling Point Station 2k is the most upstream monitoring station on the San Joaquin River. It is located in Section J, Township 11 South, Range 21 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank (lOO feet downstream from the USGS gage house), about 2 miles downstream from Friant Dam, 0.5 mile west of Friant. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water from the Saji Joaquin River at the Friant station generally exhibits a calcium-sodium bicarbonate characteristic, The mineral quality is excellent with a maximum recorded total dissolved solid concentration of l6^ ppm. The water is soft, consistently meets the mineral criteria for drinking water and is class 1 for irrigation. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -26U- SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NEAR MENDOTA (STA. 25) Sampling Point Mendota station is located in Section 7, Township 13 South, Range 15 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bsink, at the foot of the USOS gage house, 2.5 miles downstream from Mendota Dam and U miles north of Mendota. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Inasmuch as most of the water impounded by Mendota Dam is imported from the Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta via the Delta-Mendota Canal, water at the station is not necessarily representative of the natural quality of the San Joaquin River. Water from this station exhibits no consistent predcaninance of any specific cation or anion. PrincipeO. cations are sodiixm and calcium, while bicarbonate axid chloride are the major euiions. Beised on mineral concentrations, the water is good to excellent, is stiitable for dcanestic use, aind ranges from soft to very hard. Significant Water Quality Changes During Aiogust 1959, for the first time since sampling was commenced, the water at this station was class 2 for irrigation. Electrical conductivity, percent sodium, and concentrations of sodium and. chloride also established new record maximums. Delta- Mendota Canal water near Mendota wets a class 2 irrigation supply during August 1959> which probably accounted for the poor quality at this station at this time. -266- WATER QUALITY RANGES NliMTAl conaUloanU la prXs p«r alllia C*lcl» (C) IU(T»>1« (Kg) PoU«ll<: H) • COO3) •t* (ftOOj SiiU.t. (SO. ) CMoria* (Cl) lltxat* (MO}) naoriit (r) Boron (B) SlUc. (SlOj) Total dlaaolnd aoUda ParcOTt (OdliB HATdlMss AS Ca003 In pi TW»1 TlirMdlV In puta p«r bUUoo Collforv In sMt protabl* mrtwr p«r mlllUlt«r !Ut< (SOL CMarld* (CI lltraU (Ml flaoi-ld* (r) teroo (8) SlUo. (S102) 150 ni T60 37 8.8 1.? 8.6 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 6< k99 8.k 0.0 WO JT6 l.OM 5.k O.k 1.6 37 u 3-» 127 38 79 0.0 0.2 0.2 lardBM* u CaOOj la put* p«- bIUIoo tetal loncvtiaiMU 3.»0 6» 1.8W i.oeo kO 67 :>« 0.0 20 1.960 69 fto k55 kO 303 kfl 20 Oallfan In aiwt protwbl* nabar par aUlUlta- R*Jlo«ctlTlt7 in mlcro-^c« carlM p«- m«- Dl»olnd alpha SoUd .Iph. OU«>lT«i iMt. SoUd b«t« >T.0OO. oiiS Ik. 21 7.27 0.23 >7.000. 0.09 0.18 Ik. 21 7.27 0.23 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS TOO 1 600 ft "" ![ Joo = 100 ?.500 i T '^ ' t li. i \ J ' w 1 .■.. '_'■ ■ _■ |l' ' ,U i I h l.TS> 1 1? 1«0 "^ S I 2V) Hi 1000 *^ T50 1 1 ■ill.,.: 1.... 1 1 " |!ll!: 1. 1 • ••■y.XO. . - i 1951 SAN JOAQUIN RIVER A r FREMONT FORT BRIDGE (STA. 25c/ SAN JOAQUIN RIVER AT HILLS FERRY BRIDGfE (STA. 25b) Sampling Point Station 25b Is located In Section 3 of Township 7 South, Range 9 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected frcan the left bank at Hills Ferry Bridge, 300 feet downstream from the Merced River and 3-5 miles northeast of Newman. Period of Record October I958 thro\agh December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics The water is sodium chloride-siolfate in character and very hard. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chlorides, and boron cause the water to be class 2 for irrigation. Dissolved solids and chlorides frequently exceed the recommended limits for domestic use. The quality of water at this station is not significantly different frcsn that at the next upstream station, Fremont Ford Bridge (Station 25c). Significant Water Quality Changes None . -270- WATER QUALITY RANGES ap«eiric conlueUne* (alerartio* at 2$0C) TM^xratur* In f HlrMral conaUtoanU Calelia (C<) IU(T>Mlai (N() Soi) riaorlda (f) Boron (8) Silica (SlOj) TotAl (tlaiDlTad aoUda la pwta par ■Ulloo 3^ In parta par allll l.J» 6k CoIlforB In Boat probabla 1 par alUUltar RatfloaetlTltj I UssolTad al SoUd alpha DlsaolTad ba SoUd bata «lcro-«lcro curias par lltar WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS I'. I- «,M) "T IPIIIIIIIIIIII 1 Soo J, L tl f 41 'v.i.-J \ J^J[0 V i J.500 7,000 1.500 TTTITTT] SAN JOAQUIN RIVER AT HILLS FERRY BRIDGE (STA. 25bJ SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NEAR GRAYSON (STA. 26) Sampling Point The location of the Grayson monitoring station Is vlthln Section 2k, Township h South, Range 7 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank, adjacent to Laird Sloiigh Bridge, and 2 miles northeast of Westley. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 26 varies widely both In quality and charaxjter. Ihe water Is predcMnlnantly a sodium chloride type, however, calcium often constitutes a significant portion of the cations, and bicarbonate at times is the predomlnemt anion. The water ranges frcan class 1 to class 2 for irrigation; the concentration of chloride at times exceeds the recommended limits for domestic use; total hardness ranges from soft to very hard. Conductivity ranges from 500 to over 1,000 micromhos higher at this station than at the Mendota station, about 65 miles upstream. Irrigation ret\irns, effluent ground water, and waste discharges have caused minersil concentrations to increase along this reach of the river. Significant Water Quality Changes In 1959 concentrations of one or more minersLls exceeded class 1 irrigation limits in samples collected at the Grayson station. The extremely poor queility at the station was attributed to the low flows in San Joaquin River which afforded only minor dilution to poor quality drainage waters. -272- SAN JOAQUIN RIVER AT MAZE ROAD BRIDGE (STA. 26a) Sampling Point Station 26a is located in Section 29, Township 3 South, Range 7 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridiain. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bajik, 50 feet upstream from El Solyo Ranch irrigation intake and about 300 feet from Maze Road Bridge. Samples from the station were collected by personnel working for the City of Sam Francisco, an interested and cooperating agency in this progrsun. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959. Water Qusility Characteristics Water at Maze Road Bridge is normally sodium chloride in type, ranging from soft to very hard, and generally meeting mineral standards for domestic use. Although water at the station ranges from class 1 to class 2 for Irrigation, the mineral quality is considerably better (averaging about 350 micromhos) than at Station 26 near Grayson, located about 11 miles upstream. The improvement in quality reflects the influence of tributary Tuolumne River water, which enters the San Joaquin River between these two stations . Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959, water samples from the station contained mineral concentrations which exceeded the maximum of record. The water was class 2 for irrigation during May through October. Chloride concentrations in July and September exceeded 250 ppm, the recommended limit for drinking water. Impairment of quality at Station 26a was attributed to low flow conditions not affording enough dilution for poor quality drainage and effluent ground waters entering the river. -21k- WATER QUALITY RANGES -Li. itaaita In pu-t* pv allUca So<») FotudiB (() CartonaU (OO-i) Blc«H»ii*t« (ttOOi SttU.t. (Sft ) Chlorld* (CI) lltraU (lOi) riBortd. (r) Boraa (B) SlllM (SlOj) 8» 3.6 TbUl (tllaolTK) Mllita Ln pu-t« pv alUloa Collfon In aoat probcbl* !Ut« (K>]) n.orld. (r) 113 m TDtAl lT«l aoUda Is pvt* ptr ■Ulloo IMal ■OOCA CaOO) la pvt« pv KlUla Colifora la aost probttbla HHJ fUttloActlTlty la alcro-alcro UiKlTwJ alpha SoUa alpha DUaolrad twta SeUd hf WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS iirrMii;iiiiiiiiiiii:;iiiiH,iii,i, ,, ■:illilill!i;iiii 80,000 18.00c I 16.00C i».o It, 000 8,000 6.000 fj -7? T T' r I9SZ T '»^3 I -J SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NEAR VERNALI5 STA 27) SALT SLOUGH AT SAN LUIS RANCH (STA. 92a) Sampling Point Station 92a is located in Section 7 of Township 9 South, Range 11 East, Mt. Diablo Bsise eind Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the center of the channel of flow, from a bridge about 8 miles north of Los Banos, at San Luis Ranch. Period of Record November 1958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water of the slough is generally sodiiom chloride in character, very hard, and class 2 for irrigation. Dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates ususully exceed the recommended limits for domestic use. During winter months, storm and surface drainage and ground water accretions supply the preponderance of flow and cause high electrical conductivity on the order of 2,000 micromhos. However, during the irrigation season, return waters (averaging about 1,000 micromhos) contribute significant quantities of flow to the slough and frequently dilute the concentrations of most dissolved mire rals to within the limits recommended for domestic use. Significant Water Qusdity Changes None . -278- WATER QUALITY RANGES C>lcts (Ca) nagnmrnlvm (Ni) Sot« (K>i) riaorld* (r) cSoo,) TbUl dlaaolmt Mild* In pvta pw aiUlon C«OC^ la pax-ta pv ■lllloa fora in aoat probabia mmbv par ■UlUltar RadloactlTlt/ in mlcro-«icro coriaa p^ 11 tar CHaaolTad alpha SoUd alplM =z:qz ,s ... FRESNO Rl iSTA. 113) Chovchilla River and Bear Creek Unit . The Chowchilla River drains about 238 square miles of the lower slopes of the Sierra Nevada In Madera and Mariposa Counties. Bear Creek drains the foothills in western Merced and eastern Mariijosa Co\inty. The Chowchilla River Basin heis a mean annual runoff of about 91,300 acre-feet. Information is not available on the mean annual runoff frcan Bear Creek Basin. Topography in these two basins, above the valley floor, is mostly rolling foothills, "nie Chowchilla River headwaters are at about 6,000 feet in a fairly well forested terrain. Groimd covering changes with elevation from forest to reinge grass and a scattering of scrub trees and brush in the foothills. Livestock raising is the only significant use made of the foothill areeis in the unit. Only minor quantities of waste enter these streams and there is no discernible water quality impairment problems in the unit. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this unit and the page on which each is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Chowchilla River at Buchanan Dam Site 286 Bear Creek at Merced 288 -28U- CHOWCHILLA RIVER AT BUCHANAN DAM SITE (STA. lilt) Sampling Point Station llU is located in Section 22, Township 8 South, Range l8 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank, at a USGS gage located about U.3 miles west of Raymond. Period of Record January I958 through December 1959- Water Queility Characteristics Water in the stream is a mixed calciiom- sodium bicarbonate -chloride type from January through June . The stream is usucLLly dry through the summer. When flow starts again in October, the water is a mixed sodium- cede ium chloride type. The water is normally class 1 for irrigation and occasionally class 2 due to high chloride concentrations. Water in Chowchilla River ranges from soft to very hard, limiting it for domestic and industrial uses. Significant Water Quality Changes During November 1959j chldrides reached 190 ppm, the maximum value of record. Runoff from the basin was extremely small during the late months of 1959. The lack of dilution water afforded by the resultant low flow probably accounted for the high concentration of chlorides. WATER QUALITY RANGES V*ciric oooAieUiMM (alonalioa at 7$oc) 11.6 118 8.» HlMrd eoiMUtwBta la puts par alllloB Calelaa (Ca) RacnaalB (Nf) SoDUa«lia (K) CarborMta (0(h) Wcarbonata (ROO)) SulraU (SCV) Chlorlda (CI) lltrata (aOi) noortda (f) Baron (8) Silica (SlOj) parta par Billlaci Total U«>l<) rioond* (r) Borao (B) stile* (SlOz) Tetal dlaaDlTw) aoUd* U pwU pw bUIIoo C«0O^ In p«rta p«r ■lllloo CoU/oni Is aost pretwbl* nabcr ladloacunty In ■Icro-Bicpo cnrlu par lltar DlaaalmJ alpb* SoUi alpha OlaaolTad bate SoUd b»t« WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 1 = li t 2 Ut" 952 !?1L__L "'^^ I BEAR CREEK AT MERCED (STA Ilia) Merced River Beisin . Merced River drains a watershed area of about 1,035 square miles in Mariposa and Merced Counties. Ihe river originates at an elevation of 11,000 feet in the Sierra Nevada and drops to about ^400 feet as it flows out of the foothills into San Joaquin Valley. From its headwater the river flows almost due westward 135 miles to its mouth on the San Joaquin River. Mean annual runoff from the basin is estimated to be 1,027,000 acre-feet. Snowmelt sustains flow in the Merced River throughout most of the summer. Terrain in the basin is very rugged at the headwaters, and steep canyon walls comprise a large portion of the watershed along the river. Yosemite Valley is the major attraction in this basin and development is primarily based on the tourist trade attracted by the scenic and geologic wonders of the valley. Lumbering, mining, livestock raising, and recreationsQ. services comprise the balance of significant economic pursuits in the basin. Waste discharges entering the Merced River system are insignificant in volume and do not create impairment problems. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this basin and the i)age on which each is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Merced River below Exchequer Dam 292 Merced River near Stevlnson 29U -290- MERCED RIVER BELOW EXCHEQUER DAM (STA. 32a) Sampling Point Exchequer Dam station is located in Section lU, Township k South, Range 15 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, at the USGS gage house, 0.5 mile downstream from Exchequer Dam and 5 miles northeast of Merced Falls. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics The water is calcium bicarbonate in character, soft to slightly hard, and of excellent mineral quality for nearly all beneficial uses. The quality of water at Station 32a reflects the amount of runoff in the stream; in a low water year, conductivity ranges from 25 to 250 micromhos, and in a wet water year, conductivity ranges from 20 to 110 micromhos. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■292- WATER QUALITY RANGES nimnX Caletw (C«) ItacnMls (Ni) Sodlai (■•) MBU in (MTla pw aUUoB CMorld. (CI) lltraU (IO3) noorld* (r) Bono (B) SlUea (SlOj) ItoUl (tlaaDlnd wild* In pwto pw ■Ulloo Nreant aodlia u CaOO^ In p*rt« par ■llllao ' J MERCED RIVER BELOW EXCHEQUER DAM (STA. 32o) MERCED RIVER NEAR STEVINSON (STA. 32) Sampling Point Station 32 is located in Section 36, Township 6 South, Range 9 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank (lOO feet upstream from a USGS gage), about 6 miles northwest of Stevinson. Period of Record April I95I thro\igh December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water in the river near Stevinson is a mixed calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type, slightly hard and of excellent mineral quality for nearly all beneficial uses. Comparison of mineral quality of water at Station 32 with that at Merced River below Exchequer Dam (station 32a) reveal a proportionately large increase (about 200 micromhos) in dissolved solids. However, quality of water is still excellent at both stations . significant Water Quality Changes None . -29lt- Tuolumne River Beialn . Tuolumne River Basin contains approximately 1,51*0 square miles on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in the east-centred portion of the Central Valley Region. Headwaters derive from glacial lakes high in the mountains, from where the stream flows south- westerly for 150 miles to its junction with the San Joaquin River. Average annueJ. discharge of Tuolumne River Basin is estimated to be 1,900,000 acre-feet . Above the San Joaquin Valley floor the terrain of the basin is classified as mountainous- foothill area. The upper portion drains a few meadows and plateaus, but the river soon drops into a steep canyon and flows through a gorge for a distance of about 80 miles. Elevation varies from 3OO feet at the foothill line to over 13,000 feet at the crest of the Sierra Nevada. Economic developnents in the basin axe typical of mountainous arests and include resort aresis, lumbering, mining, livestock raising, and recreationeil facilities. Numerous wastes from individual domestic, lumbermill, and resort developments, discharge into the Tuolumne watershed. These waste discharges are minor in quantity and have not caused significant impairment problems. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this basin and the page on which eeich is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Tuolumne River below Don Pedro Dam 298 Tuolmmie River at Hickman-Waterford Bridge 300 Tuolumne River at Tuolumne City 302 .296- TUOLUMNE RIVER BELOW DON PEDRO DAM (STA. 31a) Sampling Point Don Pedro Dam station is located in Section 3, Township 3 South, Range ik East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank, about one-quarter mile downstream from the dam and approximately 5 miles upstream from La Grange. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Analyses show the water to be calcium bicarbonate in character, excellent in mineral quality, soft, and suitable for eill beneficial uses. Significant Water Quality Changes None . •298- TUOLUMNE RIVER AT HICKMAN-WATERFORD BRIDGE (STA. 30) Sampling Point The station is located within Section 3U, Township 3 South, Range 11 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were teiken from Hickman-Waterford Bridge about one-half mile south of Waterford. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics The water is a mixed calclxam- sodium- magnesium bicarbonate type during most of the year. During the summer months when the flow in the river is low due to upstream diversion for irrigation, the river becomes sodium chloride in character. Tuolumne River is class 1 for irrigation, soft to moderately hard, and suitable for nearly all beneficial uses. A source of water quality degradation is abandoned flowing gas wells which discharge saline water into the river along the reach in the valley floor east of the station. Degrada- tion from the saline well water is apparent during low flow periods when less dilution water is available. Station 30 is located approximately 25 miles downstream from Don Pedro Dam (Station 31a) . Comparison of quality at these two stations show a considerable increase (from about 50 to U50 micromhos) in mineral concentrations at the downstream station. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .300- WATER QUALITY RANGES CAlclai (C«) ScNnj) SulT.t. (») CMorld. (dt) lltrau (lOt) noorld* (r) Boron (B) Slllc. (SlOj) parta par allUaa J.O 186 96 »3« Total oUa«iai (t) Cutx>n«ta (OOj) »lc«rbon«l« (BOO3 Sttlf.t. (S '^J ■ ttrat* (Ki) riiiorld. (f) Bdi-oo (B) SlUc* (SlOj) Total dimmim Mild* in ptfta Pareaot aodlai BM CaODj In parts p«r allllon CoUfora la I RatfloactlTlt/ la ■lero-»lcro Dla«olT«d «lpt» SoUd alpha Ql*aolT«() t>«ta SoUd brt« WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS l»SI 1 1992 I 19 - ■ STANISLAUS RIVER NEAR MOUTH (STA 29) Sacramento-SsLn Joaquin Delta Drainage (^c) The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta comprises the central jxjrtlon of the great Central Valley Basin. The drainage area extends north to the City of Sacramento, south to the vicinity of Vemalls, east to the crest of the Sierra Nevada Range and west to Carqulnez Straits, "nie watersheds of the Calavereis, Cosvunnes and Mokelumne Rivers are Included in the area. Major streams entering the delta area include the Sacramento River from the north, the San Joaquin River from the south and the Calaveras, Cosumnes and Mokeliimne Rivers from the east. The Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta Drainage comprises approximately ^+,15^ squetre miles, approximately 2,390 square miles of which are classified as mountain and foothill terrain. A broad gentle-sloping plain, cut into Islands by numerous waterways, lies between the foothills on the east and Carqulnez Straits on the west. This fertile agricultural land comprises an area of l,l6k square miles and is referred to as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Prominent uses of water in the delta include irrigation, power development, salinity control, export under operation of the Central Valley Project and East Bay Municipal Utility District, and water associated recreation. Many varied indvs tries are located in the western end of the delta and depend upon the river for a source of process and cooling waters . Twenty- four sampling stations are being monitored to obtain Information and to provide a continuing check on quality of surface water resources in the delta. Monitored basins with the number of sampling stations in parentheses are as follows: Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (l8) Cosumnes River Basin (2) Mokelumne River Basin (2) Calaveras River Basin (2) -310- Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta . T^e central delta area compriaes over 50 Islajids and tracts reclaimed, since I852, from former tule swamps and overflow lamds . Included in the area are about U69,000 acres lying generally below an elevation of five feet above sea level. A survey in 1955 determined that approximately 386,000 acres were agricultural emd 83,000 acres nonagricultural . Acreage classified nonagrlcultural included approximately U2,000 acres of water surface made up of three major flooded areas and a maze of interconnected waterways. The interest of many public agencies in the water quality of the delta prompted the planning and organization of a water quality surveillance program and the establishment of a large number of monitoring stations on the maze of rivers, canals, and sloughs making up the water channels in the delta. The escaping of poor quality water trapped in the more or less deadend portions of the delta channels when heavy drafts at the Central Valley Project pumping plants induce movement, and the effect of Irrigation and drainage practices, have caused considerable concern in the past. The quality of water in the delta area is influenced primarily by five factors: (a) the tidal motivated incursion of saline water from Suisun Bay and the Pacific Ocean into the delta, (b) flow conditions in streams tributary to the delta, (c) Central Valley Project diversions to delta upland areas, (d) irrigation diversions to and return flows from the many irrigated islands in the delta area, and (e) accretions from ground water acquifers in the delta. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in the delta and the page on which each is discussed: ■311- Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Llndsey Slough near Rio Vista 31U Sacramento River at Rio Vista 316 Delta Cross Channel near Walnut Grove 318 Little Potato Slough at Terminous 320 San Joaquin River at Mossdale Bridge 322 San Joaquin River at Garwood Bridge 32^+ San Joaquin River at Antioch 326 Stockton Ship Channel on Rindge Island 328 Old River near Tracy 330 Old River at Clifton Court Ferry 332 Old River at Orwood Bridge 33**- Old River at Mandeville Island 336 Grant Line Canal at Tracy Road Bridge 338 Delta-Mendota Canal near Tracy 3^ Delta-Mendota Canal near Mendota 3^2 Italian Slough near Mouth 3^^ Indian Slough near Brentwood 3^ Rock Slough near Knightsen 3^ -312- LmrSEY SLOUGH NEAR RIO VISTA (STA. 110 ) Sampling Point Lindsey Slough station is located in Section 25, Town- ship 5 North, Range 2 West, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples ajre taken from the boat landing on the right bank at California Packing Corporation's Montezuma Ranch headquarters, and about 6 miles north of Rio Vista. Period of Record October 1952 through December 1959- Water Quality Chareuiteristics The water is a complex calcium-magnesium- sodium bicarbonate type, low in mineral content and well suited for domestic, industrial and class 1 irrigation uses. Because tidal oscilla- tions and pumping maintain a nearly constant flow through the slough, the water quality at this station has remained fairly consistent throughout the period of record and generally reflects the quality of the Sacramento River at Rio Vista (Station l6) . Significant Water Quality Changes None . -311^- WATER QUALITY RANOES nU la p^rXm p«r Bllllan 3o012) 'fa! Total dliaolTad aoUdj in parta par alUlon Parcant aodliB Bardnaaa aa CaOOi In parta par alllian tWal TartildHjr Collfora in aoat probabla nwbar par alUillta Radloactlrlty In aiero-Hticro cviaa par Iltar DilwlTad alpha SoUd alpha OlaaolTad b«ta Solid bata WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS i mMM ii'iiiiiiiiiiiiii ^iV ■Mtdii'^tt 1952 1953 .ail 1 t»M LINDSEY SLO SACRAMENTO RIVER AT RIO VISTA (STA. l6) Sampling Point Station l6 is located in Section 31, Township k North, Range 3 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from a pier on the right bsmk at the U. S. Department of Army- installation located about 1.0 mile south of Rio Vista. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959. Water Qusility Charetcteristics Antecedent data reveal the water to be a mixed calcium-magnesiim- sodium bicarbonate type, soft to slightly hard, and generally within mineral requirements for domestic and class 1 irrigation use. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -316- WATER QUALITY RANGES Spaciric conducUnc* ( >«-.tur. in "r liunta In puta par allllon K) (00,) (liooj) Sulf.t. (so. ) CMorld. (CI) llU-aU (»<) noortd* (f) fcroo (B) Silica (SIO;) »3 J.l M Total dltjolTwJ aollda parta pr Kllllon CoUfoi-B in Boat probabla RadloacUrlty Dla*olT«) alpha Solid alpha Ql»olT»d bata SoUd bata r BlUillta par lltar 0.^6 0.T9 0.09 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 1 : 'i h i I? ¥^^^ I i»s7 I ioixt< (063) Wc.rtoo.1. (80O3) Salf.l. C») CMorld. (CI) ■ltr«t« (Bi) naortd. (r) Boroo (B) SlllM (SIO;) « » J l.T 1.1 0.0 18 » 13 u Total dlaaolnd aolld* In pu-U par Blllloa CoUfoi-a in aoat probabl* imbar par ■UlUltar Radloactl t1 ty In alcro-alcro curias p^ Lltar QlsaolTad alpha SoUd alpha 0.1.3 0.3? T.38 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ;ii!|iiiiiiiiiii] lllllhllllllllll'Nit!, i|ji!iiii|| r — — 1 llinMM, '|lll!illi|M' ' /' .l ;jI- h /I v/^ if' DELTA CROSS CHANNEL NEAR WALNUT GROVE (STA. 98) LITTLE POTATO SLOUGH AT TERMINOUS (STA. 99) Sampling Point Station 99 is located in Section I3, Township 3 North, Reuige k East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were taken from a boat dock on the east bank, about 250 feet north of State Highway 12 bridge. Period of Record September 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data reveal the water to be a complex calcium-magnesium- sodium bicarbonate type of excellent mineral quality, slightly hard to moderately hard, class 1 for irrigation emd suitable for domestic uses. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .320- WATER QUALITY RANGES SiMdrte ooodacUne* (aleraahn at TJOC) iMTtl conallloaiU In p*rU C«lelai (Ca) NMnMtai (Mf) So) rioorlda (f) Boron (B) SUlca (SlOz) Tbtal (tlsaolTad aollda in part* pw aUllon Pvcant aodlta Har^naaa aa Ca003 lo parta par Billion Itetal T) CATborMt* (063} nearboiMt* (ItOOi) suif.t. (sa,) Chlorid. ICl) illr.U (K)!) riuoria* (rj Boron (B) Slllc* (310?) 6.k ».t 0.0 55 10) n » s» J.k 0.8 0.? 0.0 0.1 0.9 ToUl »l»rbon>l Sulf.t. (S(> CMorlito (CI lltraU (NOi) noorld* (f) tona (B) Slltea (SIO?) lU la parts p«r allUon (liooj) TbUl (ttaaolTwi aoUda In parta pur ■Ullao Pveant aodlia SanlnMa aa CaOOj In parta par ■llllon Tbtal lonea CoUfora U aoat probabla i RatfloacUntr In alcro-alc QiaaolTad alpha SoUd alpha OUaolvad baU SoUd brt* pv BlUllltar WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS :: 5 ::: •••-'-1 t s TrtTTn m^ ' ^1 , ," t::3 / Ia^ X^-v .. .. U-,.-. / v^ \7 ^ IV r SAN JOAQUIN RIVER AT GARWCXDD BRIDGE (STA. 10W SAN JOAQUIN RIVER AT ANTIOCH (STA. 28) Sampling Point The Antioch station is located in Section l8, Township 2 North, Range 2 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the left bank at old Antioch Water Works pier, Fulton Shipyard Road, near the northeast city limits of Antioch. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Queility of water at Station 28 is affected by sea-water incursion from San Fremcisco Bay. During the svimmer and fall months when outflow from the delta is insufficient to repel sea- water incursion, the water is sodium chloride in character, poor in quality, class 3 for irrigation and unsuitable for nearly adl domestic and industrisJ. uses. In the winter and spring, when river outflow from the delta increases, the water is sodium bicarbonate in chsiracter, excellent in quality, class 1 for irrigation, and within mineral quality requirements for domestic use . Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959, analyses showed quality of water at the Antioch station was generally poorer from May through December than in previous years of record. In the first four months of 1959, conductivity did not exceed 500 micronhosj however, in May and June it increased to about 1,000 micromhos, and during the remaining six months conductivity was in excess of 1,500 micromhos with a maximum of 6,010 micromhos occurring in July. The high specific conductance of water at Antioch, in 1959, is attributable to the low outflow from the delta. Low outflow resulted from the considerably below normal precipitation over much of the drainage area tributary to the delta. ■326- WATER QUALITY RANGES JtwdTlc oontactano* (aler So]) riBortd. (f) aorao (B) Silica (310;) (2ooi Ttotal iHaaDlTtd aoUdi la pu-U par aUUaa Collfora In Boat probabia am Sa4}laactlrlt7 In micro-aicro Uaaolrad alpha Solid alpha QlaaolTad bata SoUd bta par aUlUltar 4 ; WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS STOCKTON SHIP CHANNEL ON RINDGE ISLAND (ST A. 100) OLD RIVER HEAR TRACY (STA. 103 ) Sampling Point Station 103 is located in Section 6, Township 2 South, Range 5 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Samples were collected from the trash rack of a pump intsQce on the left bank, 500 feet from LamDiers Road about 5.0 miles northwest of Tracy. Period of Record October 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Water at Old River near Tracy is predominantl a sodiiom chloride type, frequently class 2 for irrigation (usually during the summer months), moderately hsird to very hard, and not recommended for domestic and some industrial uses . Significant Water Quality Changes The 1959 maximum values for conductivity and chlorides (l,l80 micromhos and 23U ppm, respectively) established new majcimums for the period of record and represent a significant increase of veilues found at this station in prior years of record. These high values are attributed to the low flow conditions existing in streams tributary to this portion of the delta. •330- WATER QUALITY RANOES i.kte nU In puta par allUoa Saif.t. (sa ) ClUorld. (rf) lltxtta (W}) Flnorld. (r) teroo (B) SI lie* (SIO;) OOj) (fiOOj) n TdUI *• la fmrxs par i OUorlte (CT) ■llr>t« (K>3) riaorld* (r) Total (fiiaolnd KUda In pvU p«r BlUlaa CaOOj U parta par alUlo Qollfora In aoat prababla OBbar f tatflaaetlTltj In alcro-alcro ovrla SoUd alpha DUaolTad baU SoUdbata r amilltar pv Utar WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 5 ; T"'- ' OLD RIVER AT ORWOOD BRIDGE STA OLD RIVER AT MANDEVILLE ISLAND (STA. 112) Sampling Point Station 112 is located in Section 6, Township 2 North, Range h East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples vere collected from the right bank, at the northwest side of Jfemdeville Island, approximately 1.0 mile from the mouth of Old River, and about 5.0 miles northwest of Mandeville School, eG.ong the levee road. Period of Record December 195^^ throijgh December 1959* Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 112 is a complex sodiixm- calcivun-magnesium bicarbonate-chloride type, class 1 for irrigation, slightly to moderately hard and suitable for domestic and some industrial uses. The Old River channel is the main carrier of high quality Sacramento River water while it traverses the delta en route to the Tracy Pumping Plant. Significant Water Queility Changes During September 1959j conductivity said chloride values of 801 micromhos and IU5 ppm, respectively, established new majcimums of record. •336- GRANT LINE CANAL AT TRACY ROAD BRIDGE (STA. 103a) Sampling Point The Grant Line Canal station is located in Section 30, Township 1 South, Range 5 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. The monthly water samples were collected from a boat dock at Tracy Road Bridge approximately 5 miles north of Ttacy. Period of Record Jvily 1958 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show the water to be sodium chloride in character, moderately hard to very hard, and class 1 to 2 for irrigation. Significant Water Quality Changes The maximum 1959 values for conductivity and chlorides (September sample) were 1,130 micr Hulaaor IMT* «U1 ■■tf »Mr« IkdMi • 1959 mMmm - Itif Tvpvatun In <>r Uaaolnd oxTfan In part< p4r alUlaii Pcrcant Mtwatlon »0 IJ.J 8.9 33» k 9 80 IJ.J ito 8.9 5*6 7 5 8« T.» CaIcIoi (C«) ItacnMt* (Ht) Sodto (la) Pot^ailni (K) Cartwnat. (OOj) Blcartooat. (ftOO,) Chlorltf. (d) ■ItraU (»j) nnorld. (f) anroo (8) Silica (SIO?) 6k 30 139 8.6 1» 90i TT ?30 3.7 O.k O.k 9k 18 T.5 0.0 6T o.t 0.0 0.0 o.» 6» »T IJ9 8.6 It m ■n no ».T O.J O.k tk 17 \l t.5 0.0 lOk s? 0.9 0.0 0.1 o.» P««rt aodlan IUr*i«.» aa CaOOj In parU p«- nlUlon loneartioaaU t\u*ldl^ lOk 75 198 l'9 76 n 658 m 306 51 1?1 3* Coliro™ in mt probabl. nalMr pw .millt«- RadloacUTlly In ■lero-«lcro CMrlaa p«r m«r Wssolrw) alpha Solid alpha DlSSOlTsd (MU Solid tMU 3^ 1959 3»« 1959 n.fl WATER OIIAI ITY VARIATIONS ' 1 ^ 1 'ViiX] ^^ ,sn i Hj SK i?5 + ^ ^ ino 1 li'lH! •. 1, i C ■ U^J 50 t ' I ^ ,1 "■! tftfliiuir; ' ■-- ''Z I y^i\ ; '^.t . 7T0 - - ct '^p i ' I. t * ',. i 1 .9*> 1 GRANT LINE CANAL AT TRACY ROAD BRIDGE vSTA 103a) DELTA-MENDOTA CANAL NEAR TRACY (STA. 93) Sampling Point Station 93 is located in Section 30, Township 1 South, Range k East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from left bsuik downstream from Byron-Bethajiy Road crossing, about 1 mile from Tracy Pumping Plant, about 10 miles northwest of Tracy. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics The water at Station 93 is predominantly sodium chloride in character, changing to sodium bicarbonate in the late spring due to increased runoff, and then reverting back again to sodium chloride. The canal water contains moderate amoiints of dissolved solids and is usually class 1 for irrigation. In August 1959^ a high chloride concentration and percent sodium placed the water in class 2. The hardness is slightly hard to moderately hard, limiting some domestic and industrial water uses. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959> the maximum values for conductivity and chloride were 886 micromhos and 208 ppn, respectively. The 208 ppm chloride concentration is a maximum of record and placed the water in class 2 for irrigation use . -3^- DELTA-MENDOTA CANAL NEAR MENDOTA (STA. 92) San^llng Point The Mendota station is located in Section 19, Township 13 South, Range 15 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, about 1 mile upstream from the gates to Mendota Pool and about 2 miles north of Mendota. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show the water to be predominantly sodium chloride in character with moderate concentrations of dissolved solids, moderately hard to very hard, and nonnally class 1 for irrigation during the pumping season. The water, during August, is frequently class 2 for irrigation because of conductivity, chlorides, emd percent sodium, but is within class 1 requirements throughout the remainder of the year. A comparison of the quality of water at Tracy station with that at Station 92 cannot effectively be made since sampling prior to September 1959 did not give consideration to the time of travel of the water in the cansil. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -3^2- ITALIAN SLOWS NEAR MOUTH (STA. 106) Saarpllng Point Station 106 is located in Section 7, Township 1 South, Range h East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bemk, at a jnimp house on the northwestern side of Clifton Court Tract, about 3.0 miles southeast of Byron. Period of Record September 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Italian Slough water is predominantly sodium chloride in character and slightly to very hard. The water is occasionally class 2 for irrigation due to high conductivity, chloride and boron. Italian Slough, one of several dead-end sloughs in the southwestern delta, is used as an intake channel by the Byron-Bethany Irrigation District to divert water during the irrigation season from Old River to a portion of the delta uplands area. Due to the proximity of this station to Old River, the quality of water in the slough is largely dependent upon the quality of water in Old River. Significant Water Quedity Changes In Italian Slough the August 1959 values for conductivity and chloride were 1,000 micromhos and 232 ppm, respectively. These vsLLues establish new maximums of record for conductlvlt; and chloride concentrations in the slough. These maximums occiirred at the same time that the 1959 meocimums of 1,050 micromhos conductivity and 250 ppn chlorides occiirred at Station IO8 on Old River. They reflect the influence of Old River on the quality at Station 106. -3U4- WATER QUALITY RANGES .Mr«l cooatltaKVi In purU pw BllUa CalctM (C>) NxnMlai (Nt) SoolT«d bata Solid bata WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ^/K,::7tV:tW't ^4:^ '9si"t'''> M I '»»» 1 '»a3 1 ■»»* I ••»' I ROCK SLOUGH NEAR KNIGHTSEN (STA. 109) Cosuames River Basin . The Cosxunnes River watershed lies in the central portion of the Central Valley Region. The basin contains approximately 537 square miles, all of which are classified as mountains and foothills. It is bounded by the drainage divide of the Sierra Nevada Range on the east, by the American River drainage on the north, and by the Mokelumne River draineige on the south. The Cosumnes River flows into the Mokelvmme River near Thornton. The Cosumnes River at Michigan Bar has a total annual flow of approximately 37^,000 acre-feet. Prominent uses of surface water in the basin Include develop- ments devoted to recreation, Irrigation, and fish and wildlife propagation and preservation. "Hie basin's natural resources are used primsurily for recreational activitiee such as hunting, fishing, boating, swimming, and picnicking. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in this basin and the page on which each is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Cosumnes River at Michigan Bar 352 Cosumnes River at McConnell 33^ ■350- COSUMNES RIVER AT MICHIGAN BAR (STA. 9k) Sampling Point Michigan Bar station Is located in Section 36, Township 8 North, Range 8 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. The monthly water samples were collected at mid-channel from the county road bridge, at the USGS stream gaging station, 5.5 miles southwest of Latrobe and about 12 miles downstream from the confluence of North and Middle Forks. Period of Record July 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses of samples of this water show it to be calcium bicarbonate in character, soft, of excellent mineral quality, and suitable for all beneficial uses . Significant Water Quality Changes None . -352- WATER QUALITY RANGES w u.t xm a. I C&lclm (Ca) 9»lr ■ ItraU (■>}) n«ort*« (r) BDn>o (!) SlUo« (SlOj) (ooj) U (tCD,) CaOO] In po-U far 1111100 ColUora la aa lUdllMCUTltj Dla*olT«d ■ SoUd •Iph* SoUd b«t« WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS \j*:;?:5*fetelVVV^: f 1 .9sa T 'W 1 COSUMNES RIVER AT MICHIGAN bAK biA COSUMNES RIVER AT McCONNELL (STA. 9k&) Sampling Point "Die station is located in Section 20, Township 6 North, Range 6 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected in mid-channel from U. S. Highway 99 bridge, at the USGS gage, approximately 7.7 miles north of Gait. Period of Record Jiily 1958 through December 1959. Water QueLlity Characteristics Past analyses show the water to be similar in quality to the upstream station at Michigan Bar, calcium bicarbonate in character, soft, and of excellent mineral quality for all beneficial uses. Only very minor increases in conductivity were noted between Station 9I+ at Michigan Bar and Station 9Ua, indicating no significant sovirces of degradation. Significant Water Quality Changes None . •35^^ Mokelumne River Beisln . The Mokelumne River watershed lies in the central portion of the Central Valley Region. It contains about 630 square miles, approximately 626 of which are mountains and foothills. The remainder are valley and mesa lands. The river drains a portion of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. It is bordered by the Cosumnes River drainage on the north, and Calaveras River drainage on the south. The Mokelumne River enters the delta near Thornton. At Clements the Mokelumne River has a total annual flow of approximately 780,000 acre- feet. Approximately four square miles of the Mokelumne River drainage basin are potential agricultural lands. The most prominent uses of surface water in this basin are for recreation, power development, fish and wildlife propagation and preservation, and exixjrt by Mokelumne Aqueduct for municipal use by the East Bay Municipal Utility District. Natural resources of the basin are utilized for recreational activities such £18 hunting, fishing, boating, swimming and picnicking. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor qusility of surface water in this basin and the page on which each is discussed: Page Nimiber of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Mokelumne River near Lancha Plana 358 Mokelumne River at Woodbridge 36O ■356- MOKELUMNE RIVER NEAR LANCHA PLANA (STA. 23a) Sampling Point Station 23a is located in Section k, Township k North, Range IQ East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. The monthly water samples were collected from the left hank, ahout 1.0 mile east of Lancha Plana, 3.0 miles downstream from Pardee Dam, and 5-0 miles upstream from Camanche Creek. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality CTiaracteristics Antecedent data reveal the water to be predominantly calcium bicarbonate in character, soft, of excellent mineral quality, and suitable for all beneficial uses. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -358- WATER QUALITY RANGES ^tusls (I) CMtoMt. (OO3) nurbooiu (Ba03) Sulf.U (») CMorlito (CI) ■ltr>U (■>]) n«>rl4« (f) Boroo (I) SlUu (MO;) TtoUl dlaaolnd (oUd* la fmrta pmr ailllaa ColUora in aoct probabl* al lUdlMeUTltj la Biero-aicro < QlSMlTwJ aXptu SoUd .Iph. OlsKlTw) txta SoUd twta r ■lllUltar p«r llt«r WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS -^^^-tS-.^'' iniiii Umi \ - m tsi MOKELUMNE RIVER NEAR LANCHA PLANA .STA 23a MOKELUMNE RIVER AT WOODBRIDGE (STA. 23) Sampling Point Station 23 is located in Section 3*+, Township k North, Range 6 East, Mt. Diablo Beise and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank at a USGS gaging station about O.k mile downstream from the Woodbridge Irrigation District dam. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Past analyses show the water to be predominantly calcium bicarbonate in character, soft, and of excellent mineral quality suitable for all beneficial uses. Only a slight increase in the concentration of mineral constituents has been noted between the upstream Station 23a at Lancha Plana and Station 23. Significant Water Quality Changes None . •360- Nlnaral eonUtaanla In put* par allUaa CalclB (Ca) nMtnmimi (Ng) 3o3 In parta par Klllloa CoUf ora la aoat i KadliMrtiTltr la Blero-^cro < 1.10 H.5 0.00 O.on 0.00 o-oo O.kl 1.10 C.kl WATER QUALITY \MRIATIONS Calaveras River Basin . The Calaveras River watershed contains approximately 395 square miles in the central portion of the Central Valley Region. The basin drains the mountainous and foothill terrain along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada. The CELlaveras River parallels the course of the Mokelumne and Stanislaus Rivers, whose basins border it on the north and south, respectively, and flows westward into the Sam Joaquin River below Stockton. Totsil mean annual runoff, measured at Jenny Lind, has been approximately 199,000 acre-feet. Very unproductive top soil, coupled with a relatively rugged topography, have limited development in the basin. Mining, livestock raising, and lumbering operations are carried on to a minor degree. Recreational activities have increased in recent years and are playing an increasingly Important role in the economy of the basin. The most prominent uses of surface water are for recreation and irrigation diversion. Waste discharges entering the waterways of this basin are small in volume and have not caused any impairment problems. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water In this basin and the page on which each is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Calaveras "River at Jenny Lind 36^ Csdaveras River near Stockton 366 -362- CALAVERAS RIVER AT JENNY LIND (STA. l6a) Sampling Point Station l6a Is located in Section 27, Township 3 North, Range 10 Esist, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Samples were collected from the right bank, about 225 feet downstream from Milton Road bridge, and about 0.2 mile south of Jenny Lind. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quaility Characteristics Past analyses show the water to be predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type, slightly to moderately hard, and clsiss 1 for irrigation. Calaveras River water at Station l6a meets drinking water standards for mineral content and is suitable for most industrial uses. Signlficarit Water Quality Changes None . ■364- WATER •u. . ^ It. ■ Sp.rtnc eoattaeivM. (■lerc.ta. .t ?50C) ^^ T*^>«r«iiar* in T Bt •• K? U* P«rc«it utiratlon ■. - I* «.8 T.T Hlnw.l eonaUloanU In pu-t« per ■lllloo C*lcla> (C«) % NMnMl-l (««) Vxnoi (la) Pot*..l« I) lUrtoMt* (CO3) Mc.rbon.t. (ftOOj) 0.0 1.0 V - Sulf.l. (30. ) CMorld. (Ci) mir.U (HOi) \l 1.8 0.0 n«orld. (f) JJ° Boron (B) • Slllc* (StOj) ^^ 11 „ TotAl (tltiolTad Kllds In part, pv ■lUlon 9M fe I6» , P«pc«it Kdln 18 ,1 «» RwthiMa u CaOOi In part* p«- allllon loncarbonat* 67 «T \ TttrtrtcJl^ ... CollTora In aoat probabl* ml (UdluctlTltj In Bicro-alero 1 UsTClT^ al^)!!* SoUd alpha OtaaolTad b«t« Solid bata p«- BUlUltar !•• par liter O.kO o.oe T.0» WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS piT %» 200 5II^£4/ CALAVERAS RIVL. CALAVERAS RIVER NEAR STOCKTON (STA. l6b) Sampling Point The Stockton station is located in Section 26, Township 2 North, Range 6 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected in mid-channel from West Lane bridge. Period of Record July I958 through December 1959. Water Queility Characteristics Samples of Calaveras River water near Stockton are predominantly calcium bicarbonate, slightly hard to moderately hard and of excellent mineral quality for irrigation. No significant difference is noted in the water quality at Station l6a at Jenny Lind emd Station l6b. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -366- It*. Spcciric coraJuctane* (■IcnaAoa >C ?*i°C) T^qwatur* In T Dlsaolnd (uqnan tn p*rt« p«r ■llllon g k Paixait utvttloa l,» »* 8.1 T.» T.k , Hliw.l con«llla«nU In p»rt» par Billion Calclia (CU) lUcnMiol (Ni) 3ot« TttrtliJlty 101 3 T« Collfor» In BMt probabl* nabv p9OlT>d b«u Solid hot. S~ 19J9 O.tk o.oe Sm 19- >■ i 1 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS 1! 4.. - 1 11 -1. ^ ! '___ i 1; li' ,! Illll'lii !' '' i roR ORAPncAi : 1 ' ]■■■' 1 -p..... ii -f—'—'-j...- . ..J J J ...j J «., ,9M T .943 1 iW 1 '9S5 1 -»»• 1 .99/ 1 «9« 1 .♦>9 1 | CALAVERAS RIVER NEAR STOCKTON (STA. 16b) Tulare Lake Drainage (^d) Tulare LaJce Drainage includes the southern third of the Great Central Valley and the mountainous drainage areas coterminous to the valley on three sides. The drainage area extends approximately I30 miles southerly from the San Joaquin River to the drainage divide of the Tehachapi Mountains. Average width of the basin is 120 miles with the eastern boundary defined by the crest line of the southern portion of the Sierra Nevada, and the western boundary by the drainage divide along the coastal ranges. The Tulare Lake Drainage encompasses an area of l6,5l8 square miles, of which 7,773 square miles is valley and mesa and 8,7^5 square miles are mountains and foothills. The valley portion of Tulare Lake Drainage consists of relatively flat-bottomed terrain bordered on three sides by gently sloping alluvial fans. Lowlands of the valley floor range in elevation from 200 feet above sea level at Tvilare LaJce to 500 feet along the southern end. The valley floor is broken by several ridges, such as Kettlemen Hills and Elk Hills, which have crest elevations of over 1,000 feet. Stream systems in this basin are tributary to evaporation sumps in the trough of the valley, chiefly Tulare and Buena Vista Lake beds. In the past, however, during years of heavy floods the low divide between Buena Vista and Tulare Lakes and between Tulare Lake and the San Joaquin River drainage were overtopped. During such periods, surface runoff flowed out of the Tulare Lake Drainage into the San Joaquin River. Mountainous terrain bounding the three sides of the valley area rise from the valley floor as gently rolling foothills grading upwards to a rugged moixntainous terrain. The Sierra Nevada Range on the -368- east dominated by Mt. Whitney rises to altitudes greater than 1U,000 feet. The Coast Rajiges to the west rise to 6,000 feet, to the south the valley is enclosed by the coastal and Tehachapi Mountains, which rise to altitudes of about 8,000 feet. NatureLL mean seetsonol surface runoff for the basin Is estimated to be 3,310,000 acre -feet. The principal hydrographic units are the Kings, Kern, Kaweah, and Tule Rivers, all originating in the Sierra Nevada Range. Flows are sustained by the Sierra Nevada seasonal snowpack. No streams of importaiice enter the valley area from the Coast Ranges or the Tehachapi Mountains. Monitored streams with the number of stations in parenthese are as follows : Kings River Basin (3) Kaweah River Basin (l) Tule River Basin (l) Kern River Basin (3) •369- Kings River Basin . The Kings River Basin is located in the Sierra Nevada in Fresno and Tulare Coiinties. The "basin contains an area of 7,l63 square miles, classified as mountainous foothill terrain, with 162 miles classified as valley and mesa land. It is bounded on the north by the San Joaquin River drainage divide, on the east by the Sierra crest line, on the south by the Kaweah River drainage basin, and by Tulare Lake bed on the west. During high flows a portion of the overflow from Kings River is tributary to the San Joaquin River via Fresno Slough. The Kings River originates near the Sierra crest line at an altitude in excess of 10,000 feet. From their headwaters these streams flow eastward through Kings Canyon National Park where terrain is extremely rugged and moimtainous with deeply entrenched, steep walled canyons. Mountainous area slowly gives way to a moderately rugged foothill terrain at Piedra. Kings River flows into the San Joaquin Valley at an elevation of 500 feet above sea level and terminates in Tulare Lake at an elevation of 200 feet above sea level. Total average annual runoff in the Kings River is 1,715,000 acre-feet. In the upper reaches of the Kings River (Kings Canyon Nationeil Park) development is primarily limited to recreation. Lumbering, ranching, recreation, and hydroelectric power developments are the chief industries between the park and the base of the foothills. Waste discheorges entering the waterways of Kings River Basin above the foothill line are negligible. Impairment of quality of runoff by these waste discharges has not been serious and has not caused a discernible problem. -370- The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water In this baa In and the page on which eeu:h is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station DiscuBsion Kings River below North Fork 372 Kings River below Pine Flat Dam 37U Kings River below Peoples Weir 376 371- KINGS RIVER BELOW NORTH FORK (STA. 33c) Sampling Point Station 33c on Kings River is located in Section 21, Township 12 South, Range 26 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected at mid-stream, from the highway bridge located 0.8 mile downstream from the North Fork confluence. Period of Record September 1955 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Antecedent data show Kings River at Station 33c to be characterized by nearly equivalent calcium, magnesium and sodium cations. Bicsirbonate is the predominant anion. The mineral quality of the water is excellent, class 1 for irrigation, suLtable for drinking water, and soft with a maximimi recorded hardness of 39 ppm. Quality of Kings River at this station is representative of the major portion of inflow to Pine Flat Reservoir. Significant Water Quality Changes None . ■372- WATER QUALITY RANOE ' eonatltiunta In part* p«r allllan 3o ColUoni In I at probabl* RadloacUrlty In Mlcro-alc Ql3»olTwJ alpha SoUd alpha QlSMlTsd b«ta SoUd bata curiea par lltar WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS I? I- 1- 9.00C 8,500 8,000 7,500 3.500 3,000 S,500 2,000 1,500 I9SI I 1992 X KINGS RIVfcK BtLUW NUKin rvjrr KINGS RIVER BELCW PINE FLAT DAM (STA. 33^) Sampling Point Pine Flat Dsm station is located in Section 2, Township 13 South, . Range 2k East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank, at the bridge located about 3^000 feet downstream from Pine Flat Dam. Period of Record September 1955 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water from Kings River below Pine Flat Dam is calciimi bicarbonate or occasionally a calcium-sodium bicarbonate type. The water is class 1 for irrigation, meets the criteria for domestic use, and is soft (maximum recorded hardness of 2l4- ppm) . Mineral quality at this station is qvialitatively similar to that at Station 33c (Kings River below North Fork) located about 25 miles vtpstream. Significant Water Queility Changes None . ■37U- Inwal e«naUla«U In pu-t* p«r ■llllon Calclai (C*) KacnwliB (N() So (la) PotMxlai (K) Carbonattt (OOi) MearboiMK (IIOO3) Sulf.l. (Sft,) CMorld. (CI) mtraU (lOi) riuorld* (F) feron (B) aiUc* (ilO;) Total (UtiolTad aollda In fmrU par aiUloa Pare ant aodlia RaiJloacUTlty In mlcro-«lcro cm-lsa p«- Ular QlasolTad alpha Solid alpha UasolTad b«u SoUd bata WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS .--^^ Vv^'^ rt. KINGS RIVER BELOW PINE FLAT DAM ,STA. 33b. KINGS RIVER BELOW PEOPLES WEIR (STA. 3U) Sampling Point Station 3U is situated in Section 1, Township 1? South, Range 22 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. The point of monthly grab sample collection is from the left bank, at the stream gage located about l/U mile downstream from the diversion weir, approximately 2 miles south of Kingsburg, 12 miles northeast of Hanford. Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959* Water Quality Characteristics Water frcm Station 3^ has bicarbonate as the predominant anion with no specific cation predominating. The water is excellent, ranges from soft to moderately hard, and meets class 1 irrigation criteria and mineral standards for drinking water. Concentra- tions of mineral constituents in Kings River at Station 3*+ are considerably higher (over 100 percent or averaging approximately 60 micromhos) than at the upstream Station 33b below Pine Flat Dam. Significant Water Quality Changes Uone . -376- narml eonaUtaanU In put* C*l) I>DVuilai (t) (OO3) . (BOO,) Blear' ChlorKJ. (rf) IttraU (ID1) Plaorltfa (P) BDrao (B) Stllu (SIO;) TbUd dlsBlnd aollda In pu-U pv ■Ullon C«00, in p»rtm par ■lllloo CoUfon I BMt probabla nmbar 1 RadloaeUTltj In slero-alen enrlM pv lltar DlaMlml alpba SoUd alpha UaaolTad bata Solid bata i.oe 18.9 9-9 0.00 0.00 OOP .^teu WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS . M\-'- ,^ v t I 1952 I 1953 Kaweah River Basin . The Kaweah River Basin is located in the Sienra Nevada east of Visalia euid extends from Sequoia National Park to Three Rivers in Tulare County. The basin has an area of 520 square miles of mountainous and hilly terrain. It is bounded on the north and north- east by the Kings River watershed, on the east and southeast by the Kern River drainage divide, and on the south by the Tule River drainage area. Kaweah River flows into the San Joaquin Valley at Lemon Cove where the channel splits into several distributaries which eventually drain into Tulare Lake evaporation sump. Forks of the Kaweah River head in em extremely rugged, mountainous area with alpine peaks rising above 10,000 feet. Steep walled canyons and ravines are characteristic of the waterways in the upper reaches. Progressing downslope the topograjdiy undergoes a gradual transition to rolling foothills and broader river valleys. The Kaweah River flows out of the hydrographic unit at Three Rivers at an elevation of 800 feet above sea level. Total average annual ninoff of the Kaweah River Basin is Ul6,000 acre-feet. Economic activities in the Kaweah River Basin consist primarily of recreation, ranching, hydroelectric power development, and lumbering. Approximately seven miles downstream from Three Rivers, near Lemon Cove, Teminus Dam is presently under construction by the U. S. Corps of Engineers. The structure will provide flood control, irrigation, and other benefits to nearby areas. Numerous domestic wastes discharge into the waterways of this basin, however, these are comparatively minor and have created no noticeable inpalnnent problems. A surface water sampling station is maintained on Kaweah River near Three Rivers to monitor quality of runoff from the basin. -378- KAWEAH RIVER BEAR THREE RIVERS (STA. 35) Sampling Point Kaweah River water Is sampled In Section 33, Township 17 South, Range 28 Eaist, Mt. Diablo Base emd Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the left bank, -at the USGS gaging station about 2.5 miles downstream from the South Pork confluence, 3 miles southeast of Three Rivers, approximately l/2 mile east of Cobbles Lodge. Period of Record April 1951 throiigh December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water in Kaweah River at Station 35 is a calcium bicarbonate type; however, at times no cation is predominant. The water has been of excellent mineral qusuLity, soft to slightly hard, claws 1 for irrigation (with one exception) and meets drinking water criteria. In December 1953, a boron concentration of O.56 ppm was recorded, which exceeds class 1 irrigation standards. Significant Water Quality Changes None . Tale River Basin . The Tule River Basin is located on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in the southern part of the Central Valley- Region. The basin extends from the southern boundary of Sequoia National Park to Porterville in Tulare County and contains an area of 390 square miles. It is bounded on the north by the Kaweah River drainage divide, on the east by the Kern River watershed crest line, on the south by a drainage divide of Deer Creek, and on the west by the San Joaquin Valley. Tule River flows westward into the San Joaquin Valley and terminates at Tulare Lake sump. The terrain along the upper reaches of the Tule River Basin is extremely rugged cut by steep- walled ceinyons and ravines, with moiintainous ridges rising to altitudes greater than 7,000 feet. Progressing toward the San Joaquin Valley, the topography undergoes a gradual change to foothills interspersed by relatively broad river valleys . The Tule River flows out of the Sierra foothills, at an elevation of about 500 feet, into the San Joaquin Valley at Porterville , The average smnual r\inof f of the Tule River is l40,000 acre-feet. Activities in Tule River Basin include recreation, ranching, hydroelectric power developnent and limited lumbering and orcharding. The newly constructed Success Dam on the Tule River, four miles east of Porterville, provides flood control and other benefits to nearby areas. Waste discharges are relatively minor in quantity and have not created any deleterious effects on quality of water in the basin. A surface water sampling station is maintained on Tule River near Porterville to monitor quality of runoff from this basin. -382- TULE RIVER NEAR PORTERVILLE (STA. 91) Sampling Point Prior to September 1959» Station 91 was located In Section 25, Township 21 South, Range 28 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected at mid- stream from the county road bridge, 0.1 mile downstream from the South Fork, 8.8 miles east of Porterville. In September 1959> it was necesssiry to move the station due to construction of Success Dam. The new location is in Section 3, Township 22 South, Range 28 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected at mid-stream, from Worth Bridge, about 3 miles downstream from the location described for the former sampling station. Period of Record Jxxly 1952 through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Tule River at Station 91 generally exhibits a calcium bicarbonate characteristic, eG. though a calcium-sodixim bicarbonate type water has been recorded on several occasions. Mineral quality of the water is excellent and meets class 1 irrigation requirements and drinking water standards. Tule River water ranges from soft to very hard with the hardness attributable to the natural leaching of soils and rocks of the watershed. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .38U. WATER OUALlT-i >U In pu-u par 1111100 f>otuils (() I* (CO3) iiat* (AOCH) ^ Tbt«l (UaaDlTw) •olid* In putt par Billloa Collfsra In matt RidlMeUTllj Iji ■Icro-alcro curies p«- llt«r OlMolTx) alpha Solid alpha DlasolTad b«ta 3oUd twta WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS Kern River Basin . Tlie Kern River Basin is located on the south- western slope of the Sierra Nevada, and extends southwesterly from Sequoia National Park near Mt. Whitney to Bakersfield in Tulare and Kern Counties. The basin includes an area of 2,U20 square miles, almost all in mountainous and hilly topography. It is bovinded on the northwest by watersheds of the Kaweah and Tule Rivers and other minor streams draining into San Joaquin Valley, on the east and southeast by the Sierra Nevada crest line dominated by Mt. Whitney, and on the south by the drainage divide of minor intermittent streams draining into the San Joaquin Valley. Emerging from the foothills and into the valley area at Bakersfield, Kern River flows down a gently sloping alluvial fan to Buena Vista Lake. Above the confluence of North Fork and South Fork Kern River, at Isabella Reservoir, the watershed is extremely nigged, rising to altitudes of about 13,000 feet. Deep, steep-walled canyons have been carved into the mountainous terrain by the Kern River. Below Isabella Reservoir the tojKJgraphy is moderately rugged, grading to rolling foot- hills toward the edge of the San Joaquin Valley. Total average annual runoff in the Kern River is about 736,000 acre-feet. The headwater 6u:ea of the Kern River in Sequoia National Park is generally inaccessible, and hence, developnent consists of limited recreation. Below the park, in the foothills, developnent consists chiefly of lumbering, ranching, hydroelectric power developnent, and recreation. Farming and crude oil production is the chief industry in the valley area. Isabella Dam, located about 22 miles northeast of Bakersfield on the Kern River, provides flood control and other benefits to the basin. Waste discharges In the watershed are extreawly saall above the valley floor and have caused no Impairment problems. The follovlng tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water In this basin and the pa«»* each Is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Kern River near Kernville 38P Kern River below Isabella Dam 39O Kern River near Bakersfield 392 .387- KERN RIVER NEAR KERNVILLE (STA. 36b) Sampling Point Kemvllle station Is located In Section ik, Township 23 South, Range 32 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bsmk, at the USGS stream gaging station, about 3 miles upstream from the confluence with Salmon Creek, 15 miles north of Kemvllle. Period of Record September 1955 through December 1959 • Water Quality Chareuiteristics Kern River at Station 36b is characterized by a calcium-sodixim bicarbonate type water, which is soft and relatively low in dissolved solids. The mineral quality of this water consistently meets the criteria for a class 1 irrigation supply and for drinking water. Significant Water Quality Changes During 1959 the only significant quality change occurred in July when a boron concentration of 0.8 ppm rendered water at this station class 2 for irrigation. The reason for this relatively high boron concentration has not yet been ascertained. ■388- WATER QUALITY RftNOeS Calcta naUtMBU In pwta pu- aUUon (C) la (l«) Son«t« (063) Blc«rbont« (HOO]) Sulf.t. (StV) eWorld. (CI) mtriU (NOi) nuorld. (r) Boron (B) Silica (SlOj) Tot&l dlsaolTwJ Mllda In part* pw ■lUlon CaCO) Ttotal loncarbooat* puta par alUloa Colifora In aoat pro RadloactlTlty Iji ale QlaaolTad alpha Solid alpha DlaaolTad bata SoUd bata o-alcro curlea par lltar 0.10 0.51 7.23 3-77 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS LAKE TAHCE AT TAHOE VISTA (STA. 3?) Sampling Point Station 37 is located in Section ik of Township l6 North, Range 17 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were taken from the end of a pier located on the north end of the lake 0.1 mile west of Tahoe Vista, 8 miles northeast of Tahoe City. Period of Record April 1951 throiigh December 1959. Water Quality Cheiracteristics Antecedent data show the mineral character of the lake, at Station 37, to be calcium bicarbonate, low in concentra- tion of all constituents, soft, of excellent mineral quality, and suitable for nearly all beneficial uses. The water varies very little in mineral quality. Significant Water Quality Cheinges None . ■kok- WATER QUALITY RANGES Sp.ciric cooducUnc* (alenahM >t J50C) Tm^»rtUiT* In "T naral eoMtltaanta la parts Calcliai (Ca) MafTiMlai (N() Blc ( Sulf.t. (SCV) cnloridu (CI) mtriu (MO}) noorid* (r) Boron (8) Silica (SIO;) CO3) (lioo, 58 6.5 6.0 I part* par allllon Total dlaaolTad aoUda Parcant aodlia as Ca003 In parta par allllo Collfora In aoat probabla niaibar par alllilltar RadloactlTlty In alcro-«lcro curias par liter LAKE TAHOE AT TAHOE CITY (STA. 38) Sampling Point Station 38 is located on the west side of Lake Tahoe in Section 7 of Township 15 North, Range 17 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected on the upstream side of the control gates at the outlet of the lake (Truckee River) . Period of Record April 1951 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics Water at Station 38 is calcium bicarbonate in character, soft, and in all respects very similar to the water at Tahoe Vista (Station 37) . These waters are consistently excellent in quality and within mineral requirements for neairly all beneficial uses. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .1^06- WATER QUALITY RANGES 9p»clflc conducUnc* (aleraahM at JS'C) TiBparaCur* In T NacnMlw (Nc) Sodlw (Ra) PoUsaltM (K) Carbonate (COi) Blcarbonata (Ka03) Sulfata (SCV) CMorlda (CI) NltraU (NOi) nuorlda (r) Boron (B) SUlca (SlOj) Total (UaaolTad tollda In pvta p«- allUon Panant aodlia Hardnass aa Ca003 In parta par allllon Tbtal TartdiJl^ Collfora In aoat probabla nmbar par alllllltar RadloacUrlty In ■lert>-«lcro nirleo pap liter UsaolTad alpha Solid alpha DlaaolTad baU 8oUd bf 0.37 5.56 3» 0.00 5.10 g.67 WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS LAKE TAHOE AT TAHOE CITY (STA. 38) >9i7 I rsse 1959 TRUCKEE RIVER NEAR TRUCKEE (STA. 52) Sampling Point Station 52 Is located l.^i mllee upstream from Donner Creek, 2.5 miles southwest of Truckee, In Section 28 of Township 17 North, Range l6 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected on the left bank, at the USGS gage, approximately 11.5 miles downstream from the outlet of Lake Tahoe. Period of Record April 1951 throvigh December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Chemical classification of water from Truckee River, at Station 52, shows the water usually to be calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, and excellent for domestic and industrial use. Tributary Inflow in the reach between Lake Tahoe and Truckee has no apparent effects on water quality in the Truckee River. Significant Water Quality Changes None . .U08- WATER QUALITY RANGES Wlnliw of Raeartf _L1. Inarftl eon«tltQ«it« In p*rt« p«r allllo HacnMla* (Nf) So (I*) CMorld. (CI) MttraU (K>3) noorld. (f) Boron (B) SlUe. (SlOj) Tetal dliaolTxl aoUda in pu-t« par aiUloa P«rcat todliB fUrthwss «« CaCO^ In parta par allllon Itotal Noncarbonat« TarMdl^ TRUCKEE RIVER NEAR FARAD (STA. 53) Sampling Point Station 53 is located approximately 2 miles upstream frOTi the California-Nevada state line in Section 12 of Township I8 North, Range 17 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples were collected from the left bank at the USGS gage. Period of Record April I95I through December 1959. Water Quality Characteristics Analyses show water at Station 53 to be bicarbonate in type, generally with no predominant cation, although during periods of high nmoff the water becomes calcium bicarbonate in character. The water is class 1 for irrigation, soft, and meets drinking water requirements for minersuL content. Very little change is noted between Station 52 (near Truckee) and Station 53. In some instances the quality improves slightly in this reach of the river due to the excellent quality of tributary inflow. Significant Water Quality Changes None . •UlO- WATER QUALITY RANGES Nlnlaa of llMord Maxlaua »p»«r Kllllaa 9,7 k^.^ 60 J* 11.6 DO 8.? T8 T.8 T.l Mlnaral oOMUtMBU In | ClclK (C) ntgnmlwt (Nf) VxtlK (l>) CarboD«t« (OO^) »teonat« (SOO3) Sttlf«t« (3" ■ CMorld* lltrau (103) noorlil* Boroo (B) Sllloi (310;) 0.0 0.5 ToUl lUaaolnd aoUda U pu-U par ■llllaa P«ro«it aodlai itrdoft u 0*003 '^ P*rU pmr Blllloa CoU/or» In ■«• !Udlo«cUTlt7 1 ni.«olT»J .1 SoUd alpha UaaolTad f SoUd beta I micro-micro cnrlsa p«- Utar 0.33 O.5I1 8.79 6.0I. WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS CARSON RIVER, EAST FORK NEAR MARKLEEVILLE (STA. 115 ) Sampling Point Station 115 is located in Section 27 of Township 10 North, Range 20 East, Mt . Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected in mid-stream, from State Highway k bridge, about 2.5 miles south of Markleeville . Period of Record September I958 throiigh December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics The water is calciimi bicarbonate in character, soft to slightly hard, class 1 for irrigation use, within drinking water requirements for mineral content and suitable for all but the most exacting industrial uses . Significant Water Quality Changes None . -U16- Walker River Basin WeJJcer River Basin encomi)asse8 the northern section of Mono County in the central part of the Lahontan Region. The California portion of this basin includes about 910 square miles along the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada. Estimated mean annusQ. runoff in this portion of the basin is l4BU,000 acre-feet. The terrain of the Walker River watershed is predcaninantly moimtainous with only 6l square miles in California classified as valley and mesa lands. Livestock rsiising, the production of winter feed, and recreation sustain the existing economy of the basin. There are no significant waste discharges entering the waterways of the basin. Queility impairment of runoff fran the watershed area by waste discharges has been negligible. The following tabulation presents the names of stations maintained to monitor quality of surface water in the basin and the page on which each is discussed: Page Number of Monitoring Station Station Discussion Walker River, West near Coleville i*20 Walker River, East near Bridgeport 422 -IH8- I WALKER RIVER, WEST NEAR COLEVILLE (STA. Il6) Sampling Point Station ll6 is located in Section 9 of Township 6 North, Range 23 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly water samples wej-e collected from the left bank 300 feet downstream from U. S. Highway 395 bridge, 700 feet downstream from East Fork, 500 feet downstream from USGS gage, 13 miles southeast of Coleville. Period of Record August I958 throxagh December 1959' Water Quality Characteristics Analyses of West Walker River indicate a water generally bicau*bonate in type with no predominant cation, class 1 for irrigation, soft and within drinking water requirements for mineral content. However, during months of higher flows this water was calcium bicarbonate in character, with calciiun receding in prominence in months when surface runoff diminished. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -420- WATER QUALITY RANGES 51. 3 33 Calctv (Ca) ItacnMlM (l« So3) Boroo (B) SlUu (SIO;) pvta pv BllUea (OO3) t« (Boo,) Total diaiolml aoUda In fmrtt pv bUIIso Parcant wdlia te aat aj Caa03 in part* par ■lllioa Collfora In aoat prababl* SadloacUTlty In alcro-mlc Dl9solT«d alpba SoUd alpta DUaolvad twta SoUd bat* laa par Iltar WATER QUALITY VARIATIONS WALKER RIVER, EAST NEAR BRIDGEPORT (STA. Il6a) Sampling Point Station ll6a is located in Section 3^+ of Township 6 North, Range 25 East, Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian. Monthly grab samples were collected from the right bank, 500 feet downstream from Bridgeport Reservoir and 5 miles north of Bridgeport. Period of Record August 1958 through December 1959- Water Quality Characteristics During periods of high flow, the water is calcium bicarbonate in character, class 1 for irrigation, and meets drinking water standards for mineral content. During low flow conditions the water becomes bicarbonate in type with no predominant cation. Significant Water Quality Changes None . -1+22- WATER QUALITY RANGES 69 73 PoUxlta (K) Cmrteoat* (OO3) Blcarbooat* (HOO)) rioorld* (r) Boron (B) SUlcr. (SlOj) Towl dlisolTwl wUda In part* pu- aillloii ParcMit sodltB u C >-< -- ----I. coc O u u k »-< ^ * o o O 03 l^f I o o I o S S R' OT)Q.Or-l -oiloT! c • ■ ^1 25 ic neutralize each other through antagonism or chemical reaction (e.g., free cyanide combines with toxic heavy metal cations, such as nickel and copper ions, to form relatively harmless metallocyanlde complexes). The increasing use of household and industrial detergents, as well as the expansion in the manufacture and use of agricxilture insecticides, poses serious hazards to fish and aquatic life. Preliminary studies, for example, indicate that one of the most common household detergents is lethal to relatively hardy fish at very low concentrations. This detergent was lethal to fish in fresh water at concentrations below 0.1 ppm and below 0.005 ppm in salt water. The increase in toxicity in salt water can probably be attributed to the fact that marine fishes must ingest water to maintain their osmotic balance. Development and use of water resources, including the construction of dams for storage of water, frequently affects water temperatures which in turn affect fish and other aquatic life. Optimum water temperatures for cold water fish, such as trout and salmon, normally lie between 32° and 65° Fahrenheit. The cold water species are generally intolerant of temperatures above 75° Fahrenheit and will seek the lower temperature where possible. Warm water fish such as minnows, carp, catfish, perch, sunfish, and bass normally live in water having temperatures ranging from near 32° to 86° Fahrenheit. Acclimatization enables certain warm water species to live in waters having temperatures as high as 90° Fahrenheit, although they will migrate, where possible, to waters below 86° Fahrenheit. A-1I+ APPENDIX BASIC DATA TABLE OF COWTENTS Table No. Page Mineral Analyses B-1 North Coastal Region (No. l) B-3 B-2 San Francisco Bay Region (No. 2) B-35 B-3 Central Coastal Region (No. 3) B-Ul B-U Central Valley Region (No. 5) B-U9 B-5 Lahontan Region (No. 6) B-I89 Radiological Assay B-6 North Coastal Region (No. l) B-I99 B-7 San Francisco Bay Region (No. 2) B-203 B-8 Central Coastal Region (No. 3) B-205 B-9 Central Valley Region (No. 5) B-20T B-10 Lahontan Region (No. 6) B-217 B-11 Radioassay of Snow B-219 B-1 2 ^ § I fi i I Hi - n -, O K - o o o o o o n S8l8«««R««t ili! «8:7si«si::£c« m t r :ji ;• .- r - ■^ 1 i f1 '51 III 1 1? ?J«l*|s^fe|::^irJtiJs^^ ii^ Si Si Si Si Si Si Si si si SI I. ;i^^ si t t si oi 2l si ^ J si f l f 1 >l Si -S^ .= - I en o lllii 1 i ?| i * . 1 I ij=i K If ^1 « o o o < J 11 fc « * « ?. «is «S2s:i!css:«ii; lull .. - .. f. ^_. 1 1 1 =1 51 It sj «| d d «l d ^ d d d 1 1^ i dl dl dl ol ol si ol si si u^ si si si si el oi si ol ol dl i I f .1? si dl dl dl si si si si oi 2^ i 1 if5 tt'^t 1 1 1 1 -dl 5^ '- J^ -J ^ -i -J ^ si si si si si 1 ^ »J .g ^ .1 .^ .g .1 J .g ^ ;h si si -^ oi oi :^ o^ o^ si oi '11^ •i :i :l ::! :i 2^ ± -1 -1 -1 ii :l :^ "J ^J t ± :l .^i -^ ^ is^- :i :g ^ ^i ^ :i :i :i J J 1^ ■^ 2i .t- 2g ^E 5i :& 5i :g 5i 1 SP>e««££P:Pf ii # S££S«&^£££» 1 oo»<^.-«««aa ft y»s:;£e«!;*» 5£ 1- |S«8"~ -■•"■-* 1 llK 1 >l fl ^1 sl II " ^ s u 3 i 11 m o - - ~ o u Is ^1 - - - - ° - -^ - - ° -^ ^ II "^-"^?s§§5?^ nil :3^^S'S^^28^^^ 1*11 [ > "1= \ ?, "s- ''^ *?, \ \ \ '$ s 1 I 1 'il fl 1 i r ? si si d ^1 l\ d ~l d 1 1 E SI 2l 21 SI SI oi 3 :i :i oi oi ni ni' - olo olo olo dio old did did dio iH: i f. t ol t t t t oi M' § f. t 't 1 1±^± J t f. t ' i- i .Is .Is J ± :f. .1^ J J J k' i J .h: "J .h: §15 ?l^ §P. t t # ^^IS ?l^ % 1 -; 1- § -i -e oi oi ol ol ol! oi ol oi oi oi :s si -i oi oi -11 -i -i ^i 1 1 3|2 ^1 t 1§ J 5l^ sg J .1! 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Qr-t z Ul d 6 «/i "1 o o o o d o d d d d ^8 ^^ f^8 f;;,:?: i?;^ K;i oo oo oo od dd dd ^ Q vp op m ir\ o ^ o rr\ o o do d o o o d o o O Q o o d d d +1 +1 -H rno O o 6 d cvj CVJ ^ d d d 8<»^ p t- oo do d d d 5*8 +1 -H t~- Crv Ch oo oo OJ OO oo t^ O u^ CM t^ O PO O CO H t^ CO CVJ VO -3 ^ OO oo oo oo +1 +1 +■ +1 o^ O in O O vo vo d O CO IfNMD e;^^ ?l^ Q OO vS CVI l^g 5*5^ CVJ ^?^ irv i/N s OOJ^ 0O-* OO oo COCO ^ OJ -3- OO oo ooro oo oo oo •H +( +1 -H ■H +1 +1 +4 ■H -H ■H +4 ■H ■H -H +1 *i ■H ^5 5& o vo s?^ Ov OO -3- O 00 VO c^ ^^ ^ J- h- OO H LfM/> r- cv) ONH CVJ VO o ^ 00 -* o o H CVJ rH CVJ H CVJ .H CVJ •H CVI irv CTs u^ a\ ir\ c^ m ON in ON % « •H •§ F-< ii V 5 CO 3 H • .-I a) J> a) B-21T TABLE B-11 RADIOASSAY OF SNOW CEafPRAL VALLFY RF»ION (NO. 5) Stream basin Snow survey course Date 1959 Grose radioactivity in micro-micro curies per liter American River Feather River Kings River Phillips Harkness Flat Lower Lake Helen Sand Meadow Mokelumne River Liomberyard Ranger Station 2-3 San Joaquin River Kaiser Pass Meadow Tuolumne River Gin Flat Horse Camp Lodge 1-30 980 ± 15 2-27 2U0 ± 8 3-31 1080 ± 15 2-28 890 t 15 3-30 625 ± 10 U-29 570 ± 10 1-29 900 ± 15 2-26 UlO ± 9 k-l 900 ± 15 U-30 290 ± 9 2-2 700 ± 10 2-26 1270 ± 15 3-27 9^^ ± 15 U-29I 1090 ± 15 2-3 1530 ± 15 3-2 kjO ± 10 U.3 580 ± 10 2-3 6U0 ± 10 2-26 1020 ± 15 3-26 490 ± 10 1^-30 180 ± 7 1-29 1390 ± U5 2-25 1010 + 15 3-30 570 ± 15 u-23 lUUo ± 25 1-30 U70 ± 10 2-27 210 ± 8 3-27 710 ± 10 Collected from Dodson's Meadow - Sand Meadow under water of Courtrlght Reservoir. B-219 TABLE B-11 RADIOASSAY OF SNOW LMONTAN REGION (NO. 6) Stream basin Snow survey course Date 1959 Gross radioactivity in micro-micro curies per liter Owens River Upper Minarettes 2-6 720 ± 10 3-h 61+0 ± 10 3-31 6ito ± 10 5-1 1180 ± 15 7-61 750 4U60 B-220 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book Slip-50m-8,'63(D9954s4)458 Caltfomia. Dopt. of Water Resources, TC82Ji C2 A2 3 1175 02037 PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBR/W UNIVEHS,TVoKcJ.U.Oi^ DAVIS 306014