. ; THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES i f?M^ti|^^<^ ri?aLc :"^ ?1 "v .^si^-" SPrl rl fi / 7 . v* Ci > f- ivSaM^^tM . ' : ^^^^Sy^M x>%^f^\^vi/>^?^^ ( ^':H^ nr-^ j&e^Ss^rfv^i^ ,-. Sto^'^ VTd lu 1791 Pros. Washington spent a night tit me that Place, and Barbara was one of several Tory during the revolutionary war. "" whirhlhev lived (see illustration) and m which J itchie carri^ on his trade of buckskin-dressing children On Sept. 6, 1862, the advance guard of Gen Lee's army' under " Stonewall Jackson, en- tered Fiederickf'and on the 7th the g main army r>nniprl the citv the presence of these tioops as obnoxious to Mrs Fritchie as to man othe at a friend U 's house, rejoining his men at so great a distance that the aged woman could not aje seen him if she had appeared at her jJ^^^Jfl n- ~^ LIFE OF WHITTIER'S HEROINE, BARBARA FRITCHIE. INCLUDING A BRIEF BUT COMPREHENSIVE SKETCH OF- HISTORIC "OLD FREDERICK," BY HENRY M. NIXDORFF. SECOND EDITION. FREDERICK, MD. : Great Southern Ptg. & Mfg. Co., Printers and Publishers. 187. JOHN G. WHITTIER. BARBARA FRITCHIE. COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY HENRY M. NIXDORFF. BABARA ^RITCHIE. HY JOHN G. WHITTIER. Up from the meadows rich with corn, Clear in the cool September morn, The clustered spires of Frederick stand Green- walled by the hills of Maryland. Round about them orchards sweep, Apple and peach-tree fruited deep, Fair as a garden of the Lord To the eyes of the famished rebel horde, On that pleasant morn of the early Fall When Lee marched over the mountain-wall, - Over the mountains winding down, Horse and foot, into Frederick town . Forty flags with their silver stars, Forty flags with their crimson bars, Flapped in the morning wind : the sun Of noon looked down, and saw not one. Up rose old Barbara Fritchie then, Bowed with herouj'scors and ten: 8 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, Bravest of all in Frederick town, She took up the flag the men hauled down; In her attic-window the staff she set, To show that one heart was loyal yet. Up the street came the rebel tread, Stonewall Jackson riding ahead. Under his slouched hat left and right He glanced; the old flag met his sight. "Halt !" the dust-brown ranks stood fast, "Fire !'' out blazed the rifle-blast. It shivered the window, pane and sash; It rent the banner with seam and gash. Quick, as it fell, from the broken staff Dame Barbara snatched the silken scarf; She leaned far out on the window sill, And shook it forth with a royal will. "Shoot, if you must, this old gray head, But spare your country's flag," she said. A shade of sadness, a blush of shame, Over the face of the leader came; The nobler nature within him stirred To life at that woman's deed and word; ' ' Who touches a hair of yon gray head Dies like a dog ! March on !" he said. All day long through Frederick street Sounded the tread of marching feet; BARBARA FRITCHIE. All day long that free flag tost Over the heads of the rebel host. Ever its torn folds rose and fell On the loyal winds that loved it well: And through the hill-gaps sunset light Shone over it a warm good-night. Barbara Fritchie's work is o'er, And the Rebel rides on his raids no more. Honor to her ! and let a tear Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier. Over Babara Fritchie's grave Flag of Freedom and Union, wave ! Peace and order and beauty draw Round thy symbol of light and law; And ever the stars above look down On thy stars below in Frederick town ! S much that is utterly false has been ^/Ypublished concerning my friend and neighbor, Mrs. Barbara Fritchie, since ' the appearance of the wonderful poem entitled "Barbara Fritchie," by that great and justly distinguished poet John G. Whittier, I deem it a duty, as one who loved her, for the many excellent traits of character that she possessed, as well as having been for many years her friend and well acquainted with her for a long time, to tell the public what I know of this worthy lady. The object I have in view, is not to produce anything sensational, or to distort, but to be careful, on the contrary, to make no statement that does not rest on a sure foundation, and I wish it understood that I shall give the exact truth in what I state in the following pages. The German spelling of Fritchie would be "Freitchie," but we give the English as it was spelled on his small sign at the window where he was conducting business, "Fritchie." LIFE OF 'BARBARA FRITCHIE.' RS. SOUTHWORTH, the distinguished J y_^ authoress, who was in Washington at the time, was the person who wrote to the poet concerning this estimable lady and enclosed a newspaper slip relating to Barbara Fritchie's action, when Gen. Lee's Army en- tered Frederick, and this led to the preparation by the poet of that wonderful poem. Miss Barbara Hauer, was born in the flourishing city of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, December 3d, 1766, and was baptized by the Rev. William Hendel, pastor of the Reformed Church, December i4th, 1766. Her parents 12 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, names are recorded in the records of the First Reformed Church of Lancaster City, as Nico- las and Catherine Hauer. The names of their five children were Daniel, George, Barbara, Margaret and Catherine. After marriage they were Mrs. John C. Fritchie, Mrs. Stover and Mrs. Peter Mantz. Her husband had received the military title of major and was well known as Major Peter Mantz. Attention is called at this point for a few moments to Mr. John C. Fritchie the much esteemed husband of our heroine. He was a highly respected citizen of Frederick. His humble and unobtrusive manner won for him the regard of his fellow-citizens, and such is ever the case. True merit is retiring and un- assuming. He conducted a glove manufactory in the east front room of his dwelling, and also pre- pared the material in his shop fronting on Carroll Creek. His assistant in the glove department was Mr. Henry Hanshew, who had married Mrs. Fritchie's niece, an honorable man, against whom nothing of evil could be j ustly spoken. BARBARA FRITCHIE. 13 Mr. Fritchie was successful in business. While he did not acquire great wealth, he accumulated sufficient to live comfortably dur- ing life, and at his death, leave to his beloved wife the dwelling in which they had so long resided and means otherwise invested. His death occurred Nov. loth, 1849. Gone but not forgotten, for beautiful myrtle yet covers his grave. Miss Barbara Hauer was born in exciting times, when the Colonies of America were still subject to England and stirring events were constantly transpiring. Just previous to her birth the odious "stamp act," ordering that all papers on which instruments of writing were prepared should be taxed, at exorbitant rates, had been repealed and shortly after, May 1767, a second plan for taxing the colonists was adopted, while yet they were without representation in Parlia- ment. This led to the preparation of that matchless paper "The Declaration of Indepen- dence," where each pledged his life, his honor and his fortune, in furtherance of this glorious cause. The Declaration of Independence and as- 14 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, serting our freedom from British rule, was adopted some ten years after the birth of Miss Barbara Hauer. She was therefore one of those people of hardy origin, who dared to do or die. She no doubt soon learned of the action taken by the citizens of Frederick-town, Maryland, in opposition to British oppression. As early as 1765 in the old court house in Frederick was the obnoxious "stamp act" pronounced inoperative. And as early in the struggle for our right as 1775, when the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill aroused the colonies to the succor of Massachusetts, two companies marched from Frederick-town for camp at Boston. Our heroine was well informed in regard to, and quite conversant, with many events that transpired during the Revolutionary war, and knew full well at how great a sacrifice our national liberty had been obtained. Wonder not then that she stood firm as a rock in de- fence of her beloved country's best interests, now asserting its just rights. By a long life of honesty and industry, Mrs. Fritchie enjoyed an honorable and envi- able position in society. Therefore if defamer BARBARA FRITCHIE. 15 or wicked persons speak ought against her it will only cause her character to shine forth with more resplendent lustre. Patrick street in Frederick City is one of the principal streets, and extends East and West. The City Hotel on this street has within the last few years been greatly enlarged and improved, and ranks now as a first-class hotel; during the war it was used as a hospital, many who were wounded at the tattle of An- lietam, after being temporarily lodged at Boonsboro, were brought in ambulances to this hotel. One who held the lantern when they arrived, (for it was night,) said that he was obliged to call some one to take his place, for he was about fainting, he said when he saw them lift one out without an arm, and another with his foot cut off, or the entire limb removed, and noticed their features all distorted with pain, and yet not a murmur es- caping their lips, it was more than he could bear. Within the last two years the Electric Railroad has been built passing through the entire street, with cars running from Freder- ick to Middletown, eight miles distant, almost ever}- hour of the day. Taking the cars on 16 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, East Patrick street you can visit the Agricul- tural Park where the German Baptists held their recent annual meeting attended by large numbers, and by taking the cars on West Pat- rick you can visit Braddock heights, quite a popular Summer Resort, about four miles west of Frederick. Mrs. Fritchie's residence was on West Patrick street. It was built of brick and very substantial. It was not large, but neat; one story and a half in height, with two front doors, and three windows in front, beside two dormer windows on the roof. It was painted red and penciled in white, and the shutters were never painted other than pure white. Her home will easily be recognized on the illustrated page, which shows also Carroll creek and the adjoining buildings. The dormer window was at that time quite in style, now they are scarcely seen. Houses that were considered neat and beautiful years ago, are now thought to be quite ordinary. At one of those dormer windows, I have frequently noticed her standing with her coun- try's flag floating gracefully and beautifully from the same window. 18 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, In the early days of the rebellion, when one disaster after another had befallen the Union ariny, and other patriotic hearts were almost overwhelmed with grief and beginning to despond; when matters looked so dark, so portentous, she stood entirely unmoved, dis- playing the greatest composure imaginable. Her loyalty to the country of her birth was of the most pronounced character. She never suffered that country to be spoken of in her presence in a disparaging way, without at once, and in the most earnest manner, resent- ing it. Yes, those small bright eyes would flash with excitement and indignation and her usual calmness, change to that of resoluteness and strong determination, until the offensive remark was recalled, which was invariably done, for all knew that she meant what she said in her inmost soul. She realized that in "Union there is Strength," and believed it with her whole heart. I shall never forget her appearance as she came into my store during the earlier part of the war, leaning on her staff and saying with the greatest earnestness, "Do not for a moment despair, stand firm." BARBARA FRITCHIE. 19 Often when she entered the store, she would ask, "How do matters look now for the Union side?" Sometimes I had just heard good news of a cheering character, and when I would communicate it to her, joy was mani- fested in the most fervent manner. Her whole frame kindled with emotion and her bright eyes sparkled with delight. At other times news of a saddening character had been re- ceived, and when I made it known to her I felt greatly depressed. She would notice it at once and remark, "O, do not be cast down, it will all come right, I know it will, the Union must be preserved," and remark with the greatest emphasis, "Be assured that God takes care of his people, and he will take care of this country. I feel perfectly satisfied that the Union of the States will be maintained. I am sure that it is God's will that the Union shall continue and you know that nothing can stand against that." Thus it was that encourage- ment was given by this patriotic lady when many strong men became lukewarm and in- different, and even when the Flag of the land that gave them birth was ruthlessly assailed. Although more than thirty years have elaps- 20 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, ed since that time, yet that aged form, that feeble step, I never can, never shall forget. She was one of those persons who impress you favorably at the first interview, and that im- pression strengthens as time rolls on. I loved her, though aged and weak, and treasure up as precious the words I heard her speak. If her Country did wrong she would not forsake, but endeavor to place her in the right. True, she had lived more than ninety years of pleas- ure, pain, toil and tears, but it only made her attachment take deeper root for the cause of her Country, the cause of truth. Yes, she loved this blessed land of lands, upon which Heaven has showered its richest blessings. She had great will power, and such persons accomplish most in this world, although in the political arena women can do but little, not having the right to express sentiments through the ballot box; yet by well directed efforts and influence in certain directions she has already accomplished much. Look, for instance, at what has been done by the Wornans' Chris- tian Temperance Union for the cause of hu- manity ! Mrs. Fritchie was not robust, but decision BARBARA FRITCHIE. 21 of character was seen throughout, and judging from her eyes and mouth she surely was not one to be trifled with. If she said, No! it was quite plain that she was settled in the opinion formed, and to change it was no easy task, for when formed aright it was formed to last. In conversation she was quite refined, her langu- age was always chaste, entirely pure; thus set- ting an example which was no doubt the means of leading many in the right direction. Per- sons calling on her were sure to meet with a kind, cordial welcome. Carroll Creek, a small stream, flowed past the gable-end of her back building on its way to the Monocacy. At one of the windows that looked out upon the creek I have frequently, on my way to the Spring, now known as "City Spring," noticed her sit- ting, either sewing, knitting, or reading some favorite book, always busily engaged in doing something. It is not to be wondered at there- fore, that she understood household duties, or that she could converse intelligently upon al- most any subject. Asa wife she was thorough- ly domestic and by her genial disposition and well stored mind made home what it ever should be a happy, lovable and attractive 22 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, place. To so great an extent was this the case that her beloved husband was seldom absent from it when the evening shades gathered around. Thus happy, thus joyous, could every home be made. She was the senior of her husband by a number of years. I have frequently heard my mother remark that a company of young ladies were present at a quilting party, when it was announced that a son had been born to Mrs. Fritchie. Among the young ladies attending the party was the beautiful and accomplished Miss Barbara Hauer, who in the course of time became the beloved and devoted wife of Mr. John C. Fritchie whose birth it was that was announced that night. I do not suppose that our heroine ever weighed over no or 115 pounds. She was slight in figure and scarcely of medium height, her eyes were small but penetrating and keen, her hair was dark in early life, but at last the silver threads began to take the place of the dark brown. At length, having lost much of her hair, she was induced to purchase a braid, which gave her the ap- pearance of one much younger than she really was. In her dress she was remarkable for BARBARA FRITCHIE. 23 plainness, the variations were few indeed. About the house her costume was usually that of plain quaker colored calico, and when she went to the store, or when she visited neigh- bors or attended church, you could rest assured that she would be clad in a black cashmere or alpaca dress, though she had a handsome CHINAWARE AND RELICS. plum colored silk and other costly dresses, which she could have worn. She was a poor visitor, seldom going among her neighbors, and, all things considered, perhaps too much visiting is not to be commended. She possess- ed much beautiful chinaware. A relative of 24 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, her's residing in our city has at the present time cups and saucers, teapot and other china- ware, which formerly belonged to Mrs. Fritchie, also gold ear rings and an excellent likeness of her aged relative. Out of the tea pot Gen. George Washington drank tea the night he spent in Frederick, in the year 1791. The way it happened was as follows : The young ladies of the town had a quilting party at Mrs. Kimball's Hotel, where the City Hotel is now located. They entertained Gen. Washington, and Miss Barbara Hauer loaned her chinaware to grace the table. When Gen. Washington died these same young ladies held a sham fu- neral and our heroine acted as one of the pall bearers. She was not accustomed to speak in a boasting way of any act that she performed, for she considered that when in the discharge of duty she was only doing that which she be- lieved to be right. Therefore she did not un- derstand why a person should be so highly complimented for doing what God's word taught her was the right, and which if she de- viated from would be taking a step in the wrong direction. The poor and distressed ever had a sympathising friend in her, and BARBARA FRITCHIE. 25 though not able to do or give as much as some others, she did all she could. This is all that is required, for you know it is said in God's blessed word, that if we only give a cup of cold water with the proper spirit to one in need it is pleasing in the sight of our Heavenly Father. She was benevolent, in the highest sense of the term, not making excuses, as some do, and turning worthy and unworthy persons indiscriminately from her door. I feel assured that plain, unostentatious benevolence is such as is acceptable in Jehovah's sight. She never courted the society of the great and noble of the earth, if pride and wealth alone made them such in the sight of those with whom they associated. She was fond of cultivating flowers. Between the front house and the back building at her residence there was a small triangular parcel of ground. This she had planted with beau- tiful flowers and very often you might find her at work in this little flower garden. I re- member as clearly as though it were but yes- terday of frequently standing on the bridge adjoining and viewing the lovely roses, dahl- ias, chrysanthemums, as well as other flowers blooming in this little bed. I cannot forget 28 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, in the dry goods trade in Frederick City, and of course we had to bear considerable loss. Having a large country trade, we kept besides the regular goods, boots, shoes, hats and caps. I do not think that I shall ever forget how I felt when three Confederate soldiers came into the store and asked me, when I was alone to show them some shoes and then asked the price. They were the first Southern soldiers I had met or seen. I handed the shoes down from the shelves. Two pair were each priced $1.50, the other pair $1.75. They said, "We will take the three pair." I wrapped them up, when one of the soldiers handed me a $20.00 Confederate note and waited for the change. You can easily imagine the dilemma I was in. I would not give him change in United States money, and therefore gave him the note back, which amused them all very much. They picked up the package of shoes and went out and away. I looked around and saw that the store was getting crowded with soldiers, in front, back of the counter and everywhere. Of course one or two of us could do nothing. If we could have waited on them they would have been willing to pay with such money as they BARBARA FRITCHIE. 29 had, and some of them did hand a ten or twenty dollar Confederate note and took shoes, boots and hats to the full amount. The ma- jority, however, would throw the boots and shoes across their arms and move off without saying a word, even my own hat and boots kept for occasional wear were taken. When the Confederate army, led by Generals Lee, Jackson and others, entered Frederick City, on Saturday morning, September 6, 1862, it is said that as they came marching up East Patrick street Gen. Jackson was in command, at least for some time. It is certain that their appearance did not occasion the uprising of the people that the Confederate Generals had been led to expect from a people who were thought to be down-trodden and oppressed. Many of those, even, who were thought to be in sympa- thy with them did not open their doors to welcome them. On Monday, September 8th, Gen. Lee issued his proclamation to the peo- ple of Maryland calling on them to throw off the restraint of the Union Government and join the South. A general uprising of the people was no doubt expected to result from the invitation, which, however, did not receive 30 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, the slightest response. The following is the proclamation: HEADQUARTERS ARMY N. VA., | Near Frederick Town, Sept. 8, 1862. f To THE PEOPLE OF MARYLAND : It is right that you should know the pur- pose that has brought the army under my command within the limits of your State, so far as that purpose concerns yourselves. The people of the Confederate States have long watched with the deepest sympathy the wrongs and outrages that have been inflicted upon the citizens of a Commonwealth allied to the States of the South by the strongest social, political and commercial ties. They have seen with profound indigna- tion their sister State deprived of every right and reduced to the condition of a conquered province. Under the pretense of supporting the Constitution, but in violation of its most valu- able provisions, your citizens have been arrest- ed and imprisoned upon no charge and con- trary to all forms of law; the faithful and manly protest against this outrage, made by the venerable and illustrious Marylander to whom in better days no citizen appealed for right in vain, was treated with scorn and con- tempt. The government of your city has BARBABA FRITCHIE. 31 been usurped by armed strangers; your Legis- lature been dissolved by the unlawful arrest of its membeis; freedom of the press and speech have been suppressed; words have been declared offences by an arbitrary decree of the Federal executive and citizens ordered to be tried by a military commission for what they may dare to speak. Believing that the people of Maryland possessed a spirit too lofty to sub- mit to such a government, the people of the South have long wished to aid you in throwing off this foreign yoke, to enable you to again enjoy the inalienable rights of freemen and re- store independency and sovereignty to your State. In obedience to this wish our army has come among you and is prepared to assist you with the power of its arms in regaining the rights of which you have been despoiled. This, citizens of Maryland is our mission, so far as yourselves are concerned. No re- straint upon your free will is intended; no in- timidation will be allowed within the limits of this army, at least Marylanders shall once more enjoy their ancient freedom of thought and speech. We know of no enemies among you, and will protect all of every opinion. It is for you to decide your destiny, freely and without re- straint. 32 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, This army will respect your choice what- ever it may be, and while the Southern people will rejoice to welcome you to your natural position among them, they will only welcome you when you come of your own free will. R. E. LEE, Commanding. To General Lee's great surprise his proc- lamation created no enthusiasm whatever, but fell entirely harmless, gaining nothing in the way of aid or comfort, but on the contrary in- tensifying the feeling of loyalty and devotion to the Union. In the language of Col. J. Thomas Scharf in his history of Western Maryland, "The reception of the Confederate troops, by the inhabitants of Frederick, was decidedly cool. Not the slightest manifesta- tion of joy and enthusiasm was exhibited. With all places of business closed and the streets deserted by the people, the old town wore a gloomy appearance in striking contrast to the resplendency displayed, upon the entry of the Union army one week later. On Wednesday morning, Sept. loth, 1862, the Confederate army began to move out of Frederick city. General Jackson's corps was in the ad- BARBARA FRITCHIE. #3 vance. As they passed out West Patrick street, I stood at the front window of my dwelling, looking at regiment after regiment, clad in grey or brown uniforms, as they marched past for several hours. So intent was I in noticing and reflecting on this lamentable action on the part of die people against the best government on earth that I lost sight of what was going on at Mrs. Fritchie's, although her residence was not a square distant from my own. But this I do believe, that if the opportunity was presented she did not fail to improve it, for I do not think that she would have taken a backward step though confronted by their entire army. In the language of Mrs. Abbott, "Aunt Fritchie was fearless and very patriotic." A single in- cident will show the spirit animating her. On one occasion a number of Confederate soldiers halted and sat down on the porch in front of her dwelling, and were drinking water brought from the spring near by. To this she had not the least objection, but before leaving they be- gan to speak in a derogatory manner of her beloved country. In a moment she arose and passing to the front door she bade them clear themselves and applied the u cane," with which 34 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, she used to walk, iu the most vigorous man- ner, clearing the porch in a few moments of every man upon it. I am inclined to believe from enquiry that General Jackson on the day the Confederates passed through Frederick, did not pass by the dwelling of Mrs. Fritchie. It appears that he left his soldiers, at the East end of the city, to call on the Rev. Dr. John B. Ross, pastor of the Presbyterian church, the wife of whom was the daughter of Ex- Gov. McDowell, of Virginia, with whom he was well acquainted. It being early in the morning it is declared that he wrote the fol- lowing note, and slipped it under the front door at Dr. Ross's dwelling. REV. JOHN B. ROSS:- Regret not being able to see you and Mrs. Ross, but could not expect to have that pleas- ure at so unseasonable an hour. T.J.JACKSON. Dr. Ross resided on West Second street, and it is stated that Gen. Jackson on leaving Dr. Ross's residence rode on to what is known as Bentz street and rejoined his soldiers by coming up a portion of Bentz street, commonly called "Mill Alley," which leads out into Pat- BARBARA FRITCHIE. 35 PRESBYTERIAN PARSONAGE. 34 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, she used to walk, in the most vigorous man- ner, clearing the porch in a few moments of every man upon it. I am inclined to believe from enquiry that General Jackson on the day the Confederates passed through Frederick, did not pass by the dwelling of Mrs. Fritchie. It appears that he left his soldiers, at the East end of the city, to call on the Rev. Dr. John B. Ross, pastor of the Presbyterian church, the wife of whom was the daughter of Ex- Gov. McDowell, of Virginia, with whom he was well acquainted. It being early in the morning it is declared that he wrote the fol- lowing note, and slipped it under the front door at Dr. Ross's dwelling. REV. JOHN B. ROSS:- Regret not being able to see you and Mrs. Ross, but could not expect to have that pleas- ure at so unseasonable an hour. T.J.JACKSON. Dr. Ross resided on West Second street, and it is stated that Gen. Jackson on leaving Dr. Ross's residence rode on to what is known as Bentz street and rejoined his soldiers by coining up a portion of Bentz street, commonly called "Mill Alley," which leads out into Pat- BARBARA FRITCHIE 1 ,. 35 PRESBYTERIAN PARSONAGE. 30 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, rick street a short distance beyond or on the West side of Mrs. Fritchie's residence. I meas- ured the distance from " Mill Alley" to her dwelling and found it 63 yards. Grant that it was not Gen. Jackson, might it not have been some other officer in command, if so it would not change the principle involved. I have, however, no personal knowledge of its occurrence. This I do know ; called for a moment to my front door that morning to see a friend, I happened to look up the street, and saw a very intelligent lady, a neighbor, stand- ing on her front porch, with a small United States flag in her hand waving it and making apparently the most earnest remarks to a Con- federate officer who had ridden his horse over on the pavement up to the porch where she was standing. I was afterward assured by those who had the pleasure of being present that such glowing words of patriotism fell from the lips of Mrs. Quantrell that the officer looked on and listened with wonder and sur- prise, and whilst he was present wouM not al- low his men do her the least harm. After his depaiture, however, some of the soldiers be- longing to the army came and knocked the BARBARA FRITCHIE. 3? flag from her hand, breaking the staff into several pieces. In order to corroborate what I had written I addressed the following note to Mr. Fleming, and all his brothers and sisters joined in at- testing to its correctiveness. MR. WILLIAM W. FLEMING :- Esteemed friend, will you please give me the information that I desire if it is in your power to do so. When some years since the Confederate army passed through Freder- ick city, it is said that your neighbor at that time, Mrs. Mary Quantrell, stood on the porch in front of her house and waved a small United States flag, and that a Confederate officer rode up to the porch and remonstrated with her for doing so, and urged her to desist, whereupon she spoke to him in such glowing words of patriotism that he was quite astonished, listen- ing to her most respectfully, and whilst he was present would not allow her to be disturbed ; that after his departure soldiers belonging to the army came up and knocked the flag out of her hand several times, breaking the flag staff. Is the foregoing correct ? By answering the questions propounded you will greatly oblige Your friend, H. M. NIXDORFF. 38 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, We, the undersigned, find the foregoing statement to be correct. Mrs. Matilda Fleming, Mrs. Hallie M. McDonald, Mrs. Kate H. Cashour, Nicholas H. Fleming, Win. W. Fleming. If this occurred at Mrs. Mary Quantrell's we should not be astonished at anything said to have taken place at another point. On the 1 2th 'of September Gen. McClel- lan's army entered Frederick city. The ad- vance was under command of Gen. Burnside. As they moved up West Patrick street on the National pike leading westward, they passed Mrs. Fritchie's residence. She was standing at one of the front windows of her dwelling, leaning on her cane. Beside her stood her relative, Miss Julia Hanshew, now Mrs. John H. Abbott ; and Miss Yoner. As she stood by the window she waved her hand time and again to express her joy. Miss Yoner, no doubt at Mrs. Fritchie's request, went into the adjoining room and brought forth Mrs. Fritch- ie's flag. The old lady grasped it and stood at the window waving it. As she waved her BARBARA FR1TCHIE. MRS. QUANTRELT/S HOUSE. 40 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, flag the soldiers were perfectly delighted, some of them loudly cheering her, others ran to the window and as soon as they could get near enough grasped her by the hand and said "God bless you, old lady, may you live long, you dear old soul." And then cheer after cheer was given as our noble soldiers marched along. That same silk flag I have had in my hands only a short time since. Among those who shook hands with her that day was the beloved and valiant Gen. Reno. It has been said truthfully, that the sun never shone upon a more patriotic people dur- ing those trying times, than the loyal Union men and women of the South, of which type our heroine was a distinguished example. She had early secured a United States flag, and often during the earlier part of the rebel- lion when matters looked dark and threatening to the Union army, I have seen that glorious emblem of our country's honor floating from the dormer window of her house, and my old neighbor standing beside the flag-staff looking intently at that which is the symbol of freedom, equality before the law, and the just rights of mankind wherever unfurled. A consecrated, BARBARA FRITCHIE. 41 blessed emblem. Thousands upon thousands have laid down their lives in its defense, and if required in the future, myriads would step forth to do the same thing, willing to die that the old flag might still wave. Three miles southeast of Frederick City the battle of the Monocacy River was fought. The Union soldiers were of Gen. Tyler's di- vision and under command of Gen. Lewis Wallace. They fought valiantly but werefinalry repulsed by the enemy, who were in superior numbers, after many had been slain and wounded on both sides. As the Union army withdrew they set fire to and burned the large wooden bridge spanning the Monocacy at this point, so that the Confederates, who were on the western bank of the river, found it more difficult to pursue them. Some seventeen miles westward from Frederick City the battle of South Mountain was fought, September 14, 1862. It was a battle of great interest and magnitude. The excitement in Frederick was almost unbounded, for it looked as though our beloved State of Maryland might become the central battle ground between the North and the South, and our citizens be called upon to 42 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, witness terrible scenes. Happily, this was averted, but many of our people nevertheless suffered severely by having their property taken from them at different periods, particu- larly by the raids of the enemy. As General McClellan's army or division was moving on the National pike, leading westward, they had several skirmishes with the enemy. The one on Catoctin mountain was quite severe, lasting however, only a short time. The discharge of the musketry could be heard distinctly in Frederick. The battle of South Mountain was a decided victory for the Union side. It was with saddened hearts, however, that we learn- ed that in the engagement the brave and noble Gen. Reno, who only a few days previous had grasped the venerable Mrs. Fritchie by the hand, lost his life whilst worthily discharging his duty. As I have said much in favor of our aged heroine, you might possibly suppose that I re- garded her as perfect. Now this would be an incorrect conclusion, for I am well aware that we have had but one perfect character in this sin-cursed world, and that was our blessed Lord and Saviour. We do say, however, that BARBABA FRITCHIE. 43 if faults and blemishes did exist and we do not for a moment doubt it: they were un- known to the writer of these pages. It may be that her many virtues and excellencies so completely overshadowed her faults as to ren- der them undiscoverable to those by whom she was surrounded. I was conversing recently with Mr. John Riehl, a neighbor of mine for many years, and with whom I have been inti- mately acquainted. He was also* for many years a neighbor of Mrs. Fritchie's. Speaking of our heroine, he said, that when a boy he was sent to Mrs. Fritchie's every day for milk, for she kept a cow for many years. Said Mr. Riehl : "You know the old lady had a decided way of speaking." I said, "Yes." "Well," continued Mr. Riehl, "Sometimes when I would reach her house the milking had not been completed and she would say to me, 'Take that small branch from the tree and keep the flies from disturbing the cow whilst being milked.' I quickly did as commanded but always kept an eye on her, fearing that she might give me a whipping if I did not do it to please her. Af- ter I reached manhood and met her often I 44 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, found that she possessed one of the kindest hearts imaginable." During the days of slavery, long before the war, Mr. and Mrs. Fritchie were the own- ers of slaves. "Fritchie's Harry'' and "Aunt Nellie" were known quite well. "Harry" used to work in the skin dressing department and ''Old Aunt Nellie,'' at the household duties. The}' were very clever people, and were treat- ed with great kindness by their owners. They in turn, loved "Old Massa" and "Old Missus," insomuch that when Harry was allowed to go and do for himself and live in another part of the town he would be constantly coming back to see "Old Massa" and "Old Missus" up to the time of his death. If the same kind feeling had existed between all owners of slaves, several of the most thrilling chapters in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," by Mrs. Stowe would never have been written in truth. You will pardon, I feel assured, a digres- sion before proceeding further with the life of our heroine, by calling attention briefly to an- other remarkable person, a native of Frederick count}'. About thirteen miles to the northwest of BARBARA FRITCHIE. 45 Frederick City, is located the former residence of that intelligent Christian hero, George Bless- ing. He lived his lifetime in Middletown Val- ley, and bore an irreproachable character. He was known for a considerable distance around for his deeds of valor and heroism. I will give a short account of this distinguished patriot. His library did not consist of a choice collec- tion, culled from the most distinguished authors of the day. No ! it consisted of only a few books, but these were of the very best, and were read over and over again. He never became weary of perusing two of them ; his well-worn Bible and the u Lives of American Statesmen." On his countenance firmness was depicted, and his broad forehead indicated sound judgment. His eyes were blue, and in his bosom beat a kind and noble heart. I have a photograph which is a perfect likeness of Mr. Blessing. The orignal was loaned me by one of his near relatives, who prizes it very highly. When the Confederate army came into Maryland, Mr. Blessing's home afforded tem- porary shelter for those fleeing before the ad- vancing foe. On leaving they always advised him to accompany them, but he invariably re- 46 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, fused, saying that he intended to remain and by God's help protect his home and family. I have been at his former home since the close of the war, and it is surely a beautiful and ro- mantic place. When the battle of South Moun- tain was being fought the report of the artil- lery and discharge of the musketry could be distinctly heard at his residence, known as "Highlands." He had on hand several old guns which he had obtained at different periods. These he commenced cleaning and loading, with the assistance of his son, Lewis. On the morning of the 9th of September, news came that the enemy were approaching the bounda- ries of his farm. His situation, considering how strong a Union man he had always been, was indeed perilous ; but he was perfectly calm and asked his family to engage with him in prayer, in which he implored the Al- mighty to protect him and all the beloved members of his family, and if in accordance with His will still 4 uphold the old flag- Such scenes make lasting impressions on those present. He listened not to the en- treaties of the female portion of his family to still make his escape. Calling his son Lewis BARBARA FRITCHIE. 47 to take two of the guns, they started for the barn-yard, where they secreted themselves and awaited the approach of the foe. They soon saw a squad of men approaching. The inva- ders drew near cautiously, and not meeting with opposition one of them dismounted and commenced breaking open the stable door. Mr. Blessing called out in a loud voice, "If you touch that door again you shall surely suffer.'' They all looked around and gazed in every direction, but were unable to determine from whence the sound came. The}- looked startled, as though they had heard an unearth- ly sound. At length they became calm and began their work again. Mr. Blessing and his son fired their guns at the same time upon the intruders. Both bails proved effective. The right arm dropped at the side of one of the men. The balance observing a cross-fire, and believing that a large force was hidden and waiting to be attacked, fled at once, leav- ing their wounded comrade behind, andloudl} r declaring that they would return and take re- venge on Mr. Blessing and his supporters. As they were retreating Mr. Blessing fired a second shot after them. It entered the back 48 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, of one of their number and he fell dead on the ground. Mr. Blessing took the man that was wounded to his own home and had his wounds dressed. As the old hero met his be- loved wife he exclaimed, "Praise God, we are yet safe. 1 ' His wife> fearing that the}* might return in large numbers, once more urged him to seek refuge in flight, but he said he had abiding confidence in the true and living God and therefore stood unmoved. He loaded his guns once more, and having given orders about the family not leaving the house, started for the stable. When he reached that point he helped to place the body of the dead man in the stable, subsequently it was buried, and then waited for the foe. He did not have to wait long, for soon a number of horsemen heavily armed came riding down the lane. When they had gotten near where Mr. Bless- ing was, three of the men were ordered to go forward and find out what force the old hero had at his command with which to oppose them, and return as soon as possible and re- port. As they were passing the clump of trees, Mr. Blessing shouted "halt !" and then said, "what is your business ?" They replied, BARBARA FRITCHIE. 49 "to learn what force you have." Then said Mr. Blessing, "form into line and cross the road, and enter into my service, the man diso- beying will be instantly shot." They did as commanded. The soldiers in the distance fired vigorously at Mr. Blessing, and he just as earnestly returned their fire. They knew not what to do. At length, believing the old hero's force to be much larger than it really wa c , they concluded to withdraw. As they wheeled around Mr. Blessing quickly aimed a shot at the leader of the band and wounded him severely, for he was seen to fall forward on his horse's neck, and was hurriedly taken away by his fellow soldiers. The men whom he had captured stood almost dumbfounded at what they had witnessed. On dismissing them he gave each man his hand, and urged one and all of them in the most heartfelt manner to be true in the future to God and his country. When he reached home, it is impossible to ex- press the joy of his beloved family at receiv- ing him once more. If they shed tears, if they threw their arms around and embraced him, we need not wonder, for his was almost a miraculous preservation. "Blessed be God," 50 WHITTIER'S HEROIXE, he said, "for he has protected and defended me." A third time he reloaded his gun and walked down the lane. It was not long before a large force was seen approaching. Resolv- ing to die, if die he must, with his face to the foe, he came out away from all concealment, and raising his gun, was making ready to fire, when he noticed a white flag waving. What can it mean he thought. It surely must be the sign for a truce. You can readily imagine his joy at discovering as they drew near that instead of enemies they were friends. Cole's Cavalry, who were some distance off, learning of his situation and bravery at once hastened toward his residence to extend al] the assist- ance in their power. We must now resume the history of our heroine. She enjoyed remarkably good health, scarcely knowing what it was to be sick, until the last, and of course, fatal attack came on, when like a sheaf of wheat, ready to be gar- nered, she gently and sweetly rested in the arms of her Saviour. Having been clothed with immortal life, she reached that city out of sight whose builder and maker is God. Yes, Mrs. Fritchie at length became enfeebled by BARBARA FRITCHIE. 51 age and gathering her robes about her, she calmly waited for the coming of her blessed Lord. He came on that bleak, cold, i8th day of December, 1862. All without was dreary and gloomy, but within that chamber of death there was perfect peace, beautifully exemplify- ing that passage of Scripture "Those shall rest in perfect peace whose minds are stayed on Him." Life's flickering lamp at length ceased to burn, and as far as this world is con- cerned, all was over, all had closed. We doubt not but that our aged friend is now enjoying and will forever enjoy raptures of bliss around the throne of God. How precious is such a memory. Ninety some years to God and her country given, and now at home in Heaven. What a glorious thought it is, that after life's cares and anxieties are all over, and some in passing through this would meet with so much trouble, we reach at length the New Jerusa- lem, to go out no more forever. Mrs. Fritchie's remains rest in the Cemetery of the Reformed Church in Frederick City, in a lot enclosed with an iron railing, beside her husband. A neat block of marble has been placed at the head of the grave, and bears the following inscription. 52 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, "Barbara Fritchie, died December iSth, 1862. Aged 96 years." Her age as given me by Mrs. Hanshew, taken from the old family Bible, was 96 years and 15 days. A small block of marble at the foot of the grave, bears the initials "B. F." BARBARA FRITCHIE'S GRAVE. The block of marble at the head of her husband's grave is similar to that of his wife's, and reads : "John C. Fritchie, died November loth, 1849. Aged 69 years." The small frock at the foot bears the in- itials "J. C. F." The Cemetery is beautifully BARBARA FRITCHIE. 53 located, somewhat elevated toward the eastern part, or front, and gradually declining as it extends westward. It fronts on Bentz street, at the West end of Second street. On visiting the Cemetery lately I found a small United States flag gently waving over her grave. It needs no storied urn or animated bust to per- petuate her memory or that of Francis Scott Key, a Marylander by birth and a native of this county, whose remains have been depos- ited in Mount Olivet Cemetery in this city. And yet I hope that ere long monuments of an imposing character will be erected to the memory of these distinguished patriots. Sum- mer in all its beauty may come and go, wintry winds around us rudely blow, but who shall know the time when the youthful heart shall cease to glow at the mention of Barbara Fritch- ie's name. O, how much from such an exam- ple we may learn. It gleams forth at almost every turn, and one of the leading facts that we should discern, is, that our hearts should ever burn with love and devotion to our blessed country. Any one can speak well of his country when all is calm and clear, when naught can do us harm. Who need fear, at o4 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, such a time, even an Arnold may appear to hold his country's interest dear and speak in her defense. O, where could baser ingratitude appear, than after enjoying our country's blessings far and near, she should call, and we turn a deaf ear, or be a stumbling block in the way. May we to our country be firm as a rock or wall, willing for her to stand or fall, ready for her to risk our lives, our all. Such was Barbara Fritchie. Her brothers and sisters have long since passed from this sphere of ac- tion. All of them have exchanged time for eternity. Numerous relatives, however, are still living. A son of Mr. Daniel Hauer, rel- atives of Mrs. Catherine Mantz, children of Mr. George Hauer and the widow of Mr. Hen- ry Hanshew and her children, besides others distantly related, reside in our midst, and are among our very best and most useful citizens. Mr. George Eissler purchased the "Fritchie propert} 7 ," after the decease of our heroine, from the heirs, and conducted the dyeing business at that place for several years. Whilst Mr. Eissler owned the property we were visited by the "great freshet" of July 24th, 1868. The BARBARA FRITCHIE. 55 water rose to a great height and washed out a corner of the "Fritchie building." Afterward the corporation of Frederick, from a desire to avoid danger in the future, bought the prop- erty from Mr. Eissler and after selling the building as it stood, on the lot from which it was removed in a short time by Mr. James Hopwood the purchaser, the Corporation com- menced the work of widening the stream, tak- ing in a portion of the lot, where Mrs. Fritchie formerly resided, and subsequently sold the balance of the lot to Mr. James Hopwood, whose son, James W. Hopwood, purchased it from his father and erected a two-story brick dwelling with store room in front, where he has conducted the tinning business ever since. When the work of removing the building com- menced the deep interest felt in our aged de- ceased neighbor was manifested by many of the citizens gathering around and collecting small bits of wood from doors and window frames. This continued until the gentleman who had purchased the material of the build- ing, announced that he would make a number of canes out of the wood of the window frames and rafters, which were of solid oak, and fur- 56 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, nish them to the public at a reasonable price. This he did, and some persons secured several, to present to valued friends as "mementoes." Polished up nicely they presented a very pretty appearance. Meeting a friend with one on the street a short time since I asked him what amount he would take for it. "Oh," said he, "I would not take anything in reason, for I do not know where I could obtain another. What could rejoice the heart of Mrs. Fritchie more, who has long since reached the "Everlasting City," than looking down from her celestial home (for we believe that the spirits in bliss are cognizant of what is going on in this world,) upon the land she so much loved, and seeing that land growing in wealth and in power; taking her place among the most notable nations on earth in rank and in- fluence. Go on, our native land, may God give us grace to sustain thy free institutions and uphold thy laws. The government of the United States is now acknowledged to be the best on earth by all fair minded people, for here all the officers are elected by and held respon- sible to the people for all official acts. The various nations of the earth are now treating BARBARA FRITCHIE. 57 with the greatest respect and consideration the United States, observing that she is rapidly increasing in population and making great progress each passing hour in science, art and agriculture, and it will doubtless continue un- til we attain to the most complete development possible. Our territory is now reaching far and wide, and we have no doubt but that it is des- tined some day to include Canada and Cuba. The worthy emigrant can here secure a home and become a citizen of this great country. It is our duty to take such by the hand and show them that by industry and sobriety they may attain to high positions of trust and influence, as well as respectability, and enjoy the rights and privileges of freemen, such as were un- known to them in the "Fatherland." But in order to become such citizens they must en- deavor to assimilate with our government and give their cordial support to all the principles and laws that have in the past conduced to make us a great people. A most gratifying fact to every lover of his country, is, that twenty-five years have worked wondrous changes in the minds of the American people, 58 WHITTIER'S HEROINE. and many doctrines deemed false and unten- able at that time are now accepted as truths and acquiesced in by the great masses of the people of the United States. And we have the glorious knowledge that from North to South, and from East to West, all over this vast do- main, where heretofore alienation existed, you now find a spirit of concord and brotherly love springing up, which is so essential to happiness and all that renders life enjoyable and enables us to bear patiently the difficulties with which we have to contend. It is a blessed thing to have peace in a family and also in the nation, doing entirely away with discord and strife and all ill-nature, especially such evil feelings as have been engendered by the warfare of one section of our beloved country against another. It has to be, however, a gradual work for the great animosity, yea ! genuine hatred, exhibi- ted by one section toward the other can only be eradicated as time rolls on. It is a blessed thing to forgive and forget. We rejoice that the time is hastening on when brother and friend shall heartily greet each other and let the dead past be blotted out of remembrance from one portion of the country to the other. BARBARA FRITCHIE. 59 So that, with loving expressions, the Blue and the Grey, who had engaged in many a desper- ate conflict on the battle-field, where both dis- played great bravery amid most trying scenes, where the courage of the one or the other was never questioned, can, laying everything else aside, once more meet, forgetting, as it were, past differences, on common ground and feel that now mutual interest and sympathy exist, however far assunder they may have been be- fore. How pleasant, how joyful will that time be. Many are anxiously awaiting the period of complete restoration of fraternal feeling. Then will the past be left forever at rest and then will harmony and good-will once more abound. What valid reason can be assigned for keeping up this evil spirit, for all the issues involved have long since been settled! If we expect and desire the nation to prosper we must all work heartily together for its upbuild- ing, and then success will crown our efforts. The passions of excited persons may lead them into great wrong, but a time will come for sound judgement to assert its sway, and then matters are viewed in a different light from what they were before. 60 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, During the late war when opposing armies covered the plain and the dull sound of cannon could be heard in Frederick, even from the battle-field at Gettysburg, it is not to be won- dered at that excitement ran high, for moment- ous issues were indeed involved. Mrs. Fritchie amid it all was calm and collected. "What I do thou knowest not now, but shalt know here- after," saith Jehovah, and our aged friend be- lieved it fully. We one day shall know that what God has done for you, for me, for all, is undoubtedly the best. And yet this is so hard to learn and understand because we want our own way, and are not willing to be led by ''in- finite wisdom." Mrs. Fritchie believed that God saw that it was best for all the people of this great nation to be free and thus make our Declaration of Independence not a mockery, but true and complete. Free as the air we breathe, yes, free as all would wish to be, for who that has enjoyed liberty, for only a single moment, or day, would wish to be bound in chains again. The union of the States must be held inviolate, must not be disturbed. In it there is strength, there is power. We will be held responsible and will unquestionably BARBABA FRITCHIE. 61 have to give account for the influence we have exerted. This free, united country, is yet to do a great work in the evangelization of the world. Who can for a moment doubt, but that the u Star Spangled Banner" will eventually be planted in distant lands where darkness and superstition now reign supreme. Glorious Banner, each star and stripe has been baptized in blood, destined to float, as we believe, from every pinnacle and dome the wide world over, and proving the harbinger of every blessing. May we not hope that the day is not distant when all nations shall enjoy the blessing so long vouchsafed to us. Columbia, thou hast given birth to many of the most distinguished men that have ever lived. Among that num- ber stands the noble Washington, who, at the close of his term of service as President of the United States, when he might have proclaimed himself, or been declared Emperor of the peo- ple, quietly laid aside the insignia of office and became a private citizen. What a noble course was this pursued by the beloved Father of his Country. Civil and religious liberty has been fully established in the United States, to con- tinue, we hope, as long as the world shall stand. 62 WHITTIER'S HEROINE. We would not interfere with the powers that be, but we do believe that ere many years shall have rolled around tyrants and despots will learn that their reign must cease. When we think of Sixteen Hundred and Twenty, when this land was a wilderness, inhabited by sav- ages and wild beasts, how dismal and gloomy was the scene presented. It was enough to cause the heart to sink in the strongest man surrounded, almost, by the deep, dark ocean, away from friends and relatives, the passen- gers and crew of the "May Flower," all landed, save one, on Plymouth's rock-bound shore. We cannot feel too grateful to God for having spared the lives of those worthy, fearless per- sons amid so much privation and danger. Kind reader, have you ever felt what it is to be on land or sea in this world and feel that you are alone. If you have not, would that you may never experience it. And now, as these people had left their friends, never again in all probability to meet with them in this world, you can readily imagine what distress and sorrow must have filled their minds, and yet, for conscience sake, they were willing to give up all, to forsake all. A funeral at sea! BARBARA FRITCHIE. 63 have you ever read of or witnessed one ? If you have I need not remind you of its solem- nity. During the long and tedious sailing on the restless ocean, but one death occured, only one was prevented by Divine Providence from reaching this country alive. One was also born on the wild ocean's breast, Peregrine White, and he landed with the rest. Sweet babe, the ocean bed was thy cradle, and the surging of the wild waves the first sound that thou didst hear. From that small beginning we are now a great and prosperous Nation. What a remarkable example of God's fos- tering care does this land present. We now number over sixty million souls. When we think of it we are astonished beyond measure the increase has been so great and rapid. We have in this country every kind of soil and al- most every kind of plant, animal and insect, and the variations of climate make it pleasant and agreeable to all. Surely, of a land to which so much is given, much will be required. Let us then be actively engaged in sending forth to the world everything that tends to ele- vate and benefit mankind. It is ve-ry pleasant after traveling on the ocean for a number of 64 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, days, to see at length the "light-house" in the distance. Well, we predict that ere another hundred years shall have passed this country will have become the "Beacon Light" of the world, gleaming forth so that men can see in all directions, making steady advancement in everything calculated to benefit and ennoble the human race, proving the contrary to those who have so sneeringly asserted that a "Re- public" cannot endure. A free Church and Ministry, entirely separate from state, is what we must ever approve. We need not fear a foreign foe, for we believe that we are strong enough (even with our poor coast defence) to repel an attempted invasion, coming from any source whatever. What we have most to guard against is internal strife and contention. Our liberal principles of government founded on religious toleration, have brought to our shores people of every creed and every nation, the worthy imigrant, as well as the nihilist and outcast; these conflicting elements have all to be dealt with firmly and judiciously. Never has there been more demand for Chris- tian and philanthropic efforts than for the past thirty years, and most nobly have our people BARBARA FRITCHIE. U5 responded to the call, as may be attested from the number and magnitude of our educational, scientific, religious, and charitable institutions. Neither have our efforts to benefit mankind been confined within our own borders. What Christian missionaries in any country have shown greater zeal than our own in obeying the Master's command, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel?' 1 Our principles of free government naturally incline us to sympathize with the down-trodden of other lands. During the late persecutions of the Christian Armenians by the blood-thirsty Mos- lem, it remained for America to take the init- iative step in aiding the helpless sufferers. Whilst the other Christians stood aghast at such wonderful cruelties, who but an Ameri- can woman, and that our own noble Clara Barton was the first to venture forth with aid and comfort for the long suffering subjects of a despotic government, and under the emblem of that cross which even the fanatical Turk was forced to respect. We sincerely hope that the day may soon come when all nations may enjoy the same blessings that have been granted us for so long a time, for when the rights 66 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, of the people are trampled on and not recognized in any way, then is unrest and upheaval, the powerful oppress the weak and the helpless are crushed to the earth, until at length, the cry goes up to Heaven "Oh Lord how long?" May we continue in the enjoyment of peace in this land, and ever move forward and upward in everything that is worthy and commendable, endeavoring to excel in every good word and work, and at length become what the Almight}'- assuredly designed we should be "the greatest land and people on earth." My small book must now be brought to a close. In sending it forth I hope that it may be the means of shedding light on some dis- puted points in the life of my venerable neigh- bor, and highly esteemed friend, Mrs. Barbara Fritchie. I have stated facts in connection with her four-score years and over, which I hope may prove interesting to all. I have en- deavored to impress on the 3'outhful mind the importance of ever showing unswerving devo- tion to our beloved county. Nothing has been written in haste, or in an unkind, uncharitable spirit, but rather in the true spirit of harmony and love. That it may lead to kindlier and BARBARA FRITCHIE. 67 better feelings among those who have long been estranged is my sincere prayer. I have submitted the manuscript to the nearest rela- tives of Mrs. Fritchie now living, and after pe- rusal they have stated to me that they believe it to be entirely correct and did not notice any- thing that should be changed. I will here append a single statement of one of Mrs. Fritchie's relatives, Mrs. John H. Abbott, in substantiation of w r hat I have stated. A large number of certificates are uncalled for or I could easily obtain and insert many. The statement from Mrs. Abbott to which I refer appeared in the Frederick News in July, 1897, and is as follows : ''Mrs. Abbott, as a grandniece of Whit- tier's heroine, is in possession of papers and articles once belonging to her famous relative, and also in a peculiar position to have first hand and accurate information of the facts in the case. Mrs. Abbott writes that Barbara Fritchie's signature of May, 1858, on business papers that passed between her and her busi- ness agent, when nearly 92 years of age, is remarkable as giving evidence of what she must have been able to do in earlier life. 68 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, "She was born in Pennsylvania, of German parentage, and may truthfully be called a Ger- man woman, but Mrs. Abbott states that she neither read or spoke the German language. As to her personal character, Mrs. Abbott says that her great-aunt was unostentatious and unassuming in manner, but of a highly refined nature. She had firmness and decision of character, also, when she believed herself in the right, but was ever gentle and sympathetic when occasion required. She was a woman of fine sensibilities, and fully alive to all that was transpiring around her. " 'Her education,' Mrs. Abbott writes, Svas completed in the city of Baltimore, and was the best that could be obtained in her day. Not only was she fully able to write, but she was a thoroughly well read woman. 1 ' BARBARA FRITCHIE. 69 ^Description of "Frederick City, DyCaryland. BARBARA FRITCHIE. 71 njEAUTlFUL City of Frederick ! Located -JJ in the lovely Monocacy valley, between the Catoctin mountain on the West, and the Sugar Loaf mountain on the East, wonder not that we love to stray among thy hills and val- leys, for from 1745 when the village of Fred- erick was located, and named after "Frederick, Prince of Wales," her whole history has been of the most ennobling character. In the early history of this land, when oppressed by the mother country, the sons of Frederick City, and county, went forth with alacrity in her defense and when the demand was again made in 1775 for more soldiers, two companies were formed, and under command of Captain Mich- ael Cresop and Captain Thomas Price, with John Ross Key as subordinate officer, (Father of Francis Scott Key) marched from Frederick- town to the camp at Boston to join Col. Wash- ington. All demands ever made were most cheerfully responded to. The following highly important utterances were made by Frederick- town June 17, 1776: "That what may be re- 72 WHITTIER-S HEROINE. commended by a majority of the Congress, equally delegated by the people of the United Colonies we will at the hazard of our lives and fortune support and maintain; and that every resolution of the convention tending to sepa- rate this province from a majority of the Col- onies, without the consent of the people, is de- struction to our internal safety and big with public ruin." On the i/th of Januarj^ 1781, Gen. Morgan won a glorious victor}^ over Tar- leton at the Cowpens. It was in the pursuit that followed this battle that the gallant Sar- geant Everhart, of Frederick county, saved the life of Col. Washington, at the head of the Virginia cavalry. Many years after when Col. Washington visited Frederick, he sent for his old friend Everhart, and grasping his hand embraced him. The meeting is said to have been quite affecting. Sargeant Everhart was one of the rescuers also of Lafayette from his dangerous situation on the Brandy wine. He died in his 86th year within a lew miles of Freder- ick. We were shown his sword, as well as other military articles that belonged to him whilst living, and had the pleasure of seeing him before his death. BARBARA FRITCHIE. 73 In the year 1777 barracks for the garrison, of two batallions of infantry were erected in Frederick. The old buildings stood long upon the Southern suburbs of the town, and have now partially disappeared. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum stands on a portion of the site. The} r were used also to confine British prison- ers of war. The old original log jail was also used for the same purpose. Afterward the barracks was used by the State of Maryland as an Armory, and the last use made of the build- ings (prior to the Asylum taking charge of them,) was when the "Home Guard" of Fred- erick were guarding the City. The members would meet there and be sent in squads to guard the different sections of the City. They used first to meet at Coppersmith's Hall, cor- ner of Market and Church streets, and were commanded by Gen. John A. Steiiier, Captain Alfred Brengle, Captain Saunders and others at different periods. Here permit me to say that justice has never been done those men who traversed the streets of the City of Fred- erick, night after night with guns on their shoulders, and heavy ones they were, during the perilous times just preceeding the \var. 74 We were glad to notice honorable mention made of them by Mr. Chas. W. Miller in his recently published "Directory and Business Guide." The position they occupied was per- ilous indeed. They were to see that nothing was brought into Frederick during the night intended to be conveyed to Virginia for the benefit of the enemy, and were provided with old, heavy guns to execute orders. One even- ing it w r as announced that a splendidly equiped military company was coming from Baltimore to pass over to Virginia. We asked Judge Nelson for instruction in regard to entering the City. We were informed that he stated we should allow them to enter, but not suffer them to tarry over night, but go directly on. In a short time they came and we marched them through the City to the suburbs, where, at the "Old Stone Tavern" they asked to get some refreshments, which was granted. We then marched them out to, and about half a mile dow r n the Manor Lane, leading on to the Point of Rocks, when about to separate many of us thought a desperate struggle would en- sue, as they were fully prepared and we had nothing but our old guns. We quickly fixed BARBARA FRITCHIE. 75 bayonets, depending more on this use of our guns than in firing for in that mode with their modern arms they had the decided advantage. It being nine or ten o'clock at night and some- what dark they could not see well how poorly we were prepared to meet them. To our great surprise instead of turning on us and firing, they gave three hearty cheers to the Home Guard of Frederick. On Prospect Hill, a short distance beyond where we turn into the Manor Lane, Col. Wm. P. Maulsby, now of Westminster, resided, and as we emerged from the lane that night, the Col. was waiting on horseback and invited us all up to his mansion, where tables ladened with every kind of refreshments were spread, and his estimable wife and daughter did all in their power to make all spend a sociable and pleasant time. When Gov. Hicks was in Frederick, the Home Guards were marching around where he was guarding the hotel the entire night. These are only a few of the in- cidents that occured during the time they served. Often those who were not on guard lay on the floor of the old barracks all night, without covering. They were presented by 7(5 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, the ladies of Frederick with a splendid stand of colors. Hon. Reverdy Johnson, of Baltimore, made the presentation speech in the Court House yard. We could give the names of those who were young men long ago, and went forth from Frederick in the Revolutionary war to battle for our common country, and came back, after enduring almost superhuman suffering, ruined in health, mere wrecks, having been as far North as Canada, and resting at night without shelter, yet they gladly endured it all for our glorious country. In the war of 1812 Freder- ick, including the county, again organized artille^ and infantry companies and sent them speedily to the front, and in the late war of the Rebellion she sent forth many noble men to battle for the Union and a goodly number yielded up their lives in its defense. W ith sor- row we state that some of her sons on account of geographical location and family relationship, went into the Southern army. Frederick was settled to a great extent by emigrants from Germany, and they proved to be hardy, industrious, Christian people. They soon erected churches and school-houses. The BARBARA FRITCHIE. 77 German language was spoken generally throughout the village, and the religious ser- vices in the churches were conducted in the same language. But the English as well as the German was taught in the day schools. One of the churches built, when Frederick could scarcely be called a town, yet stands, although built in the year 1763. It is the old German Reformed Church. True it was changed in the interior a few years since to adapt it to Sunday School purposes, but ex- ternally it has undergone but little change. Its noble lofty spire still points heavenward as in the days of yore, and the Town Clock in the steeple still announces to the inhabitants that time is rolling on. Many years ago, one Sabbath afternoon during a severe thunder storm, the steeple was struck by lightning but not severely impaired. The English members of the German Reformed sect in the year 1848 built on the opposite side of the street one of the most comfortable and beautiful churches in the State of Maryland. The old Evangeli- cal Lutheran Church was partially removed some years ago and a very handsome and im- posing new church, Gothic in style, erected in 78 front of where the old church stood. The bells in the belfry of this church are peculiarly sweet and plaintive in tone. We have traveled considerably, but never heard an}' others of exactly the same sound. They were, I believe, cast in England and have considerable silver in the composition. We have also a very cost- ly Episcopal Church, the old original church in the Queen Anne style of architecture being used as a lecture room. The Methodist Epis- copal congregation have also a fine new church; the original church of Methodism was torn down in the Summer of 1886 and now private residences occupy the site. \Ve have beside a very neat and prett}* Presbyterian Church. St. John's Roman Catholic Church is large and massive, finished in imitation of granite and having in the steeple a chime of bells of as sweet tone as found anywhere; also Trinity Chapel, a second Methodist Episcopal Church; a new brick church built by the United Breth- ren, and a new, very substantial looking church, built by the German Baptists. The Salvation Army have built a large frame church or barracks at the corner of Fourth and Bentz streets. The colored people have two BARBARA FRITCHIE. 79 large brick churches, and large congregations. The bells of the several churches we have named have called thousands together to wor- ship in earthly sanctuaries, who are doubtless now singing Jehovah's praise around his throne in glory. The Court House is a very large and conveniently arranged brick building, lo- cated in a square surrounded by a grove of forest trees. The old, ancient looking Court House that occupied formerly the site of the present building, was a number of years since destroyed by fire. Here on the 28th of Novem- ber, 1765, the first judicial decision was given against the constitutionality of the "Stamp Act." The Jail is a new and beautiful brick building, and stands where a few years since the old Jail stood, with its heavy iron barred windows and thick stone walls. Prior to the erection of the last building we had to depend for the security of prisoners on an old log Jail. The City Hall and Market House combined, are well worthy of notice. The lower, or first story is where the "Market" is held, and on a pretty Summer morning a stranger would be surprised to see the long line of wagons drawn up in front, and the large amount of ever} 7 kind 80 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, of produce brought in from the rich surround- ing county. The upper portion is used for the Mayor's office. A large room is nicely fitted up for this purpose, and back of it is a magnif- icent Ha"ll, used for opera purposes, also for political and social meetings. The old Market House, which stood where the new one now stands, was built in the year 1769. We have a number of volunteer Fire Companies, with elegant steam engines and everything requir- ed to do efficient work. We have a Young Men's Bible Society, actively engaged in dis- tributing God's Word; Young Men's Christian Association; a Woman's Christian Temper- ance Union; Good Templars; Temple of Honor; two lodges of Free Masons; the order of Odd Fellows; Knights of Pythias; tribe of Red Men; Knights of Honor; two white and one colored army posts; two brass bands, the Frederick City Cornet, which has acquired great reputa- tion for discoursing splendid music, and Jen- kins' Colored Cornet Band, which has been in existence for many years. We can boast of a number of well conducted hotels, the larger of them being the City Hotel, Carlin House, and Groff's. The Frederick Female Seminary BARBARA FRITCHIE. 81 is well worthy of notice. It is now considered one of the leading Female Seminaries of the land. It is built in the Corinthian style of arch- itecture, and is really beautiful, and has for its principal a most worthy Christian gentle- man of the highest intellectual culture, Prof. Joseph H. Apple. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum, built by the State of Maryland, was commenced in the year 1871 and is located here, and has a large attendance of scholars from all parts of the State. Its principal, Prof. Charles W. Ely, is a most estimable gentle- man, and thoroughly qualified in every re- spect for the position. It occupies the most commanding site in the city. From the cupola you have a view of the county in every direc- tion for a considerable distance. Its style of architecture is in the main Gothic, and wins the admiration of all beholders. We have also several Orphan Asylums, and a short distance from the city is Montevue Hospital, as fine a building as can be found anywhere for reliev- ing and caring for the aged, the poor, the dis- tressed. It is heated by steam and all the food furnished the inmates is such as any rea- sonable person might feel thankful to partake 82 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, of. Some years back, 1869, Mr. Louis Mc- Murray, a capitalist, carne here from Baltimore City and established without asking the citizens to take stock, or aid him in any way, a corn canning establishment. He has gone on from year to year putting up new buildings and in- creasing his facilities, until it has proven to be a complete success, showing what enterprise and capital can do. It is now one of the largest houses engaged in the business in the United States. In the regular canning season he gives employment to eleven hundred hands, and puts up, or fills as many sometimes as 150 thousand cans in a single day. Near the Pennsylvania Railroad, on East street, Dr. P. D. Fahrney conducts a large establishment for the manufacture of the very best black ink, and for the preparation of excellent medicines known as the "Victor Remedies," for which he has an extensive trade. A hosiery factory has recently been started in our midst by our citizens, and thus far it appears as though it would prove quite a success. We have a number of public and private schools in the city, also the Frederick City College, where, under able professors, a BARBARA FRITCHIE. 83 good solid education can be obtained, and where many men who have taken high rank in literature and business circles were taught. The Novitiate of the Catholic Church is an im- mense educational institution where students are in attendance from all sections of the Un- ion. Though Frederick does not cover much more territory than some years ago, yet it has been greatly improved by tearing down old buildings and placing in their stead new and elegant private residences. The business men have built many splendid store rooms, and each of our banking institutions now transact their business in new and beautiful buildings. How different is this from over a hundred years ago, 1745, when the town of Frederick was laid out by an Englishman, and afterward settled for the most part by worthy, industri- ous Germans. Then the streets were covered with rows of wooden buildings, scarcely a brick building to be seen. We have several planing factories employing a number of hands; several furniture establishments conducted on an ex- tensive scale, and two foundries; three factories where fertilizers are prepared to a large amount. We also have within our corporate limits a 84 WHITTIER'S HEROINE, steam flour mill, where the very best flour is manufactured in large quantities, also the City flour mill, operated in the old way, located on Carroll creek, where excellent flour is made and furnished our citizens; several tanneries, where the best of leather is manufactured, and a number of establishments particularly along the banks of Carroll creek, where skins are dressed and gloves are made for wholesale and retail trade; some four or five coal yards, where every kind of coal is furnished, and we have several brick yards, where large quantities of brick are annually made and sold; also several extensive Coach factories, where the very best carriages of every kind are manufactured. A large number of useful and important inven- tions have emanated from citizens of Frederick, and in art we have artists of great ability, who fully deserve the recognition they have receiv- ed. Frederick City is supplied with the very best and purest water brought from the neigh- boring mountains and we do not hesitate to state that purer water cannot be found in this or any other land. The scenery surrounding Frederick is of unsurpassed beauty, and is thus acknowledged to be by all unprejudiced per- BARBARA FRITCHIE. 85 sons. We have great wealth, and yet it is for the greater part in the hands of those advanced in years who have sufficient and do not care to embark in any enterprise however meritorious, hence our city in all these years has only grown from a village to a city of about ten thousand inhabitants. If Northern men of wealth and influence would settle among us, how different it would be. Why just think, within five miles of Frederick we have one of the loveliest points known to mortal man. It is White Rock, from the summit of which you have as lovely a view as is possible for the eye of man to rest upon, extending into Pennsyl- vania and Virginia, with springs of pure, ice cold water near, also springs strongly impreg- nated with iron and sulphur in the immediate vicinity. It could easily be made a delightful Summer resort, and yet nothing has been done to make it such to the present day. We have several railroads entering the city, making it quite easy of access and furnishing coal and lumber at reasonable rates. It was originally intended that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on its course westward should pass directly through Frederick, but on account of the 86 treachery of certain parties wielding consider- able influence this purpose was frustrated, and three miles east of Frederick at Monocacy Junction its course was changed and a branch only extended to our town. The city of Fred- erick is not laid off as regularly, and the streets are not as straight as you will find in many other cities; particularly is this the case with Patrick street, which would be the pret- tiest street in the city, were it not for a con- siderable bend near the centre, which it is now too late to remedy. It is accounted for from the fact that when the village was first located the National pike leading westward ran in this direction, and the surveying apparatus was -crude and imperfect, hence the result. Carroll creek, a stream ordinarily low, but after heavy continuous rains rising to a considerable height, passes through the city, running east- ward in its course until it reaches the Mono- cacy. It is spanned by seven iron bridges in its course through the city, entirely supplant- ing the former old unsightly wooden structures. We have moreover a beautiful cemetery, Mount Olivet. It is a precious place to visit, for here repose not only the remains of our BARBARA FRITCHIE. 87 friends and relatives, but many of Frederick's oldest and most respected citizens. Our city is remarkably healthy, as the health officers record will at any time show that the percent- age of mortality is less according to the popu- lation than in most cities in the Union. We must acknowledge, however, that Frederick, notwithstanding its many natural advantages beauty of location and magnificent scenery, is not yet noted in business circles for energy and advancement and has not increased in popula- tion commensurate with the many advantages enjoyed. The Press of the city, consisting of three weekly and one daily paper, is ably con- ducted. The ability displayed in the editorials, the general selection and arrangement, would <5o full credit to any city. By means of tele- graph and telephones in our midst we are en- abled to communicate with all points with the greatest ease. Although Frederick has not increased so rapidly in population, it is and always will be a city of considerable import- ance, for it is surrounded by a county of the greatest fertility, producing almost every kind of grain and fruit and her agriculturists are men of enlarged views and highly intelligent UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 2 3 1964 MAR 1 6 1962 Form L9 15m-10,'48(B1039)444 r^w^^^w^,: 1/ %^-|li^ -Nixdorff- U67.1 Life of 7S> & tfflffii^.4^cuTv 556 2 -I*W6$ Whittiorto 2 1897 heroine. =^_= &4* *> '>/?^ 2-^^^ yrak*. ** <7&\^>,