LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Class NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS BEING A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE BOOKS AND ACCOUNTS IN USE IN LARGE AND SMALL NEWSPAPER OFFICES TOGETHER WITH A SPECIMEN SET OF BOOKS containing entries representing a Half-year's Transactions BENJAMIN T. NORTON. F.C.A. |l GEORGE T. FEASEY, A.C.A. (of the Firm of PRATT & NORTON, 9 Old Jewry Chambers, London) LONDON : GEE & CO., PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS, 34 MOORGATE STREET, E.G. 1895 PBEFACE THE present work is intended as a medium of reference to practising Accountants in respect of points in connection with the books and accounts of newspapers which require technical treatment, and also as a guide to newspaper managers and others who may be responsible for the arrangement and carrying out of an accurate system of accounts. The latter class have not always the opportunity of availing themselves of professional aid in the opening and keeping of their books, and may therefore find that the forms and explanations herein given are of assistance to them in their labours, whilst the accountancy profession, as is well known, is always ready to welcome any such additions to the common knowledge as are the result of careful study upon the part of individual members, who may have had special opportunities for becoming well acquainted with the subject in question. As, therefore, the authors have had occasion to devote considerable time to the matter of Newspaper Accounts generally, they venture to hope that their experience and opinions as now set forth will prove of some value to their readers. Although books similar to this in name and object have been previously published, it appeared to the authors that there was room for dealing with the features peculiar to the financial records of newspapers in more detail than had hitherto been attempted. They trust, therefore, that this work will be regarded as a useful extension of existing treatises. The thanks of the authors are due, and are heartily given, to various clients and friends in the newspaper world who have afforded them technical information and assistance, more especially to one manager in particular, who has devoted the whole of his business life to the obtaining of such an acquaintance with the subject as few others perhaps possess, and whose help has, therefore, been especially valuable. 9 OLD JEWKY CHAMBERS, LONDON, 16th April 1895, 211717 CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY ... ... ... 1 CHAPTER II. BOOKS RELATING TO SALES : 1. Order Book ... ... 6 2. Day Book ... ... ... 7 3. Returns Book... ... ... 7 4. Ledger ... ... ... 8 5. Cash Sales Book ... ... 9 6. Back Numbers Sales Book ... 9 7. Subscription Order Book ... 10 8. Subscription Ledger ... ... 10 9. Sundries Day Book ... ... 11 10. Sundries Ledger ... 12 1J. Distribution Register... ... 12 12. Stock Register ... ... ]3 CHAPTER III. BOOKS RELATING TO ADVERTISEMENTS : 1. Order Book ... ... ... 14 2. Day Book ... ... ... 15 3. Ledger ... ... ... 15 CHAPTER IV. BOOKS RELATING TO CONTRIBUTIONS : 1. Register ... ... ... 17 2. Ledger ... ... ... 18 CHAPTER V. BOOKS RELATING TO PURCHASES AND EXPENSES : 1. Invoice Book ... ... ... 20 2. Invoice Ledger ... ... 21 3. Paper Book ... ... ... 21 CHAPTER VI. BOOKS RELATING TO CASH : 1. Cash Received Book ... ... 23 2. Cash Book ... ... ... 24 3. Salaries and Wages Book ... 24 4. Petty Cash Book ... ... 25 5. Postage Book ... 26 Vlll. CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER VII. PRIVATE BOOKS: 1. General Ledger ... ... 27 2. Private Ledger ... ... 37 CHAPTER VIII. DEPARTMENTAL CHECKS UPON THE BOOK- KEEPING : 1. General ... ... ... 41 2. Sales ... ... ... ... 42 3. Advertisements ... ... 43 4. Contributions... ... ... 44 5. Purchases and Expenses ... 44 6. Cash ... 45 CHAPTER IX. ADAPTATION OF THE SYSTEM TO PAPERS OF SMALL CIRCULATION ... ... 47 CHAPTER X. ADAPTATION OF THE SYSTEM TO EVENING PAPERS ... ... ... ... 51 CHAPTER XI. ADAPTATION OF THE SYSTEM TO WEEKLY PAPERS ... ... ... ... 54 APPENDIX A. SPECIMEN SET OF BOOKS CONTAINING ENTRIES REPRESENTING TRANSACTIONS FOR THE HALF-YEAR ENDING 30 JUNE 1895 57 APPENDIX B. SPECIAL RULINGS OF BOOKS FOR PAPERS OF SMALL CIRCULATION ... ... 191 APPENDIX C. SPECIAL RULINGS OF BOOKS FOR EVENING PAPERS ... ... ... 205 APPENDIX D. SPECIAL RULINGS OF BOOKS FOR WEEKLY PAPERS ... ... ... ... 221 INDEX 225 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. CHAPTEE I. INTRODUCTORY. ^PHE production and distribution of newspapers involves con- siderably more work in the bookkeeping department than is the case with most other businesses, and it is therefore very necessary to adopt such a system as will combine the minimum of labour with the maximum of accuracy and safety. The need of correct and complete records increases in proportion with the volume of work, although some offices do not recognise this truth, but appear to think that the multitudinous nature of the accounts furnishes a reason for abridging the entries as much as possible. After perusal, however, of the detailed set of accounts about to be explained, it is believed the fact will be apparent that the true economy of the matter consists in the employment of such a method as will reduce the risk of errors and losses to the smallest limits, even at the cost of considerable expenditure of clerical labour. Although the arrangement of the Chapters divides the subject into sections as between morning and evening papers and weeklies, the book is intended to be read as a whole, and it must therefore not be supposed that the Chapters headed "Evening Papers" and "Weekly Papers " respectively contain all the matter applicable to those departments. Subject, on the contrary, to the qualifications appearing in Chapters X. and XI., the other Chapters apply equally to all classes of papers, as also indeed to the publication of monthly periodicals, which however do not come strictly under the head of newspapers, and are therefore not dealt with in these pages. In order to keep the matter within practical limits, and to make clearer the points desired to be emphasised, detailed reference to subjects not peculiar to newspapers but common to all commercial concerns has been as far as possible omitted. It was thought unnecessary, for instance, to introduce a Bill Book in the specimen 2 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. set of transactions appearing in Appendix A, the drawing or acceptance of bills being probably the exception rather than the rule. With reference to the departmental checks and tests set out in Chapter VIII., it may be mentioned that an opinion is sometimes expressed to the effect that it is injudicious to lay bare various methods of fraud on the ground that it may serve to educate intending defaulters. The contrary is, however, submitted to be the fact ; and it is held that every publicity should be given to such cases as occur from time to time, so as to deter employes from commencing any irregular practices. In the set of entries representing a half-year's trading, which is given in Appendix A, it is sought to carry the reader through the whole of the transactions, from the editorial and printing depart- ments to the collection and disposal of the cash in the counting- house, and afterwards to the preparation of the Trading Account and Balance Sheet. The accounts are given, it is hoped, in suffi- cient fulness to allow of ready comprehension, but it will of course be understood that they are in miniature as contrasted with the actual records of the leading daily papers. With regard to the classification of the items of cost and expense in the Invoice Book, Petty Cash Book, and Trading Account, it may be explained that the prin- cipal consideration is not so much to arrange the expenditure under several divisions of equal amount as to shew separately such out- goings as more particularly require constant care, in order to secure their being kept within due limits. The tendency of all kinds of expenses to increase is proverbial ; and a method which will record the details fully, and at the same time afford an easy means of classifying and comparing the totals, is the principal step towards obviating such an undesirable result. The specimen rulings which are given, being in accordance with books which are in actual use in newspaper offices, may be accepted as practical and suitable for general application ; and not merely as something which it is thought would probably prove workable when applied to real transactions. At the same time in various small particulars the system has been, it is hoped, improved, as compared with that in vogue in any particular office, in order to make it represent as far as possible a complete model set of accounts. Amid the pressure of business at the present day many newspaper managers, while recognising the NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 3 necessity of having suitable books of account, are not very careful to see that the system is completely carried through, e.g., that all the quantities and amounts, c., for which the system provides a check, as between one book and another, or one column and another, are duly totalled and agreed. Subject then to the foregoing qualification, which applies only to a very small portion of the detail, the forms submitted are those which experience has fully approved. In order that the specimen rulings may be quite clear, printed headings are given with all the forms. It will be understood, however, that in practice it is not necessary to have same for the whole of the books, but only in cases where, in their absence, the entries would be likely to get confused. Care has been taken to accurately proportion the various items, in order that the perusal of the figures may be of assistance to readers who have had no practical acquaintance with newspaper work. As many single amounts are set out as were thought necessary to make the matter clear, the remainder being bulked in each book under the title of " sundry persons " ; and it is hopad that the due medium has been observed between, on the one hand, insufficiency of particulars, and, on the other hand, the superfluity of detail which is likely to cause confusion in the mind of the reader. It will be understood with regard to the Day Books, Ledgers, &c., dealing with both sales and advertisements, that, although single books are quoted, it is customary in large offices to employ a number of each kind of book in order to divide the clerical work. Such division, for example, in the case of the Ledgers, is made with regard to either an alphabetical arrangement or classifica- tion of districts, &c. The extent to which the books are in this way multiplied is of course immaterial, so long as there is a system in force which will admit of the accounts being balanced with the minimum of labour. The present object is to formulate a proper system and to describe the books which are essential to it, after which the details can readily be altered to meet the circumstances of individual cases. Only those who have had long experience are fully aware of the immense waste of effort which often takes place when an accurate balance of books cannot be obtained, and when in con- sequence of there being no way of localising the error to any 4 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. particular department, the whole of the books have to be re- checked to discover the discrepancy. It is a matter of common remark in such cases that the item so eagerly sought appears only at the last moment, and although perhaps this conclusion would not be fully verified were statistics on the point forthcoming, delays and difficulties occur sufficiently often to cause any scheme to be welcomed, which provides for balancing books in sections. It may, therefore, be here explained that the present set of accounts is so arranged as to admit of such special balancing to a con- siderable extent. At the same time, it is well to say that the plan may be easily modified, as is afterwards explained, for adaptation to cases where elaborate books are not required. Beyond the question of facility in balancing, however, there is the further important consideration that the division of books into sections very much reduces the risk of embezzlement on the part of employes. This will be more fully seen from the explanations in connection with Departmental Checks (see Chapter VIII). The books recommended for use in the larger offices, arid the arrangement of same for agreement and balancing, are as follows : SALES. 1. Order Book. 2 Day Book g periodically with Sales si-Returns Book. Ledger AcCOUnt in General 4.-Ledger. 5. Cash Sales Book. \ _ _ _ ! Agreed periodically with Cash 6. Back Numbers Sales n Received Book. Book. 7. Subscription Order Book. 8. Subscription Ledger. Agreed periodically with Sub- scription Ledger Account in General Ledger. 9.-Sundries Day Book I Agreed periodically with Sundries 10.- do. Ledger. Ledger Account in General Ledger. 1 Arranged for collecting and periodically agreeing quantities 12. Stock Register. f and results from all the fore- going books. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. A D VER TISEMENTS. 13. Order Book. \ Agreed periodically with Adver- 14. Day Book. tisement Ledger Account in 15. Ledger. ) the General Ledger. CONTRIBUTIONS. 16 Register. ) A S reed periodically with Con- 17* Ledger. tributors' Ledger Account in the General Ledger. PURCHASES AND EXPENSES. 18. Invoice Book. ) Agreed with Invoice Ledger Ac- 19. do. Ledger. j count in General Ledger. f Agreed with Paper Account in 20. Paper Book. I General Ledger. CASH BOOKS AND PRIVATE LEDGERS. 21. Cash Received Book. 22. Cash Book. 23. Salaries and Wages These form the private set of Book. i Accounts, and are balanced and 24. Petty Cash Book. 25. Postage Book. 26. General Ledger. 27. Private Ledger. agreed apart from all the other books. CHAPTER II. BOOKS RELATING TO SALES. 1. SALES ORDER BOOK. r PHIS book is ruled for a month on an opening. There are the A full number of 31 columns so as to allow of the headings being printed throughout the book ; and for other reasons, also, it is con- venient to have a blank column at the end of each week. Against every customer's name is placed daily in the proper column the number of copies which are to be forwarded, and upon publication of the paper the quantities are ticked off in the book as the copies are despatched. At the end of the month each line is cast laterally, and the total inserted in the total column. The entries are then checked with the Sales Day Book, and the two books are folioed against each other. In the rush and bustle of the publication office, the Order Book is not written up as deliberately as would be the case in some offices, and in order to shorten the labour slightly, the figures which repeat are not actually written in each column day after day. A blank in this case indicates a repeat, figures being inserted only where a change in quantity occurs. The gross quantity of each day's sale is carried into the Dis- tribution Register, as will be seen by following the entries. Where it is the rule to render accounts to the newsagents weekly, it is necessary to total this book weekly instead of monthly, but if a total column and a folio column be introduced after each six days the book may be made to take four weeks on an opening, or the blank column in the present ruling at the end of each week may be utilised for the purpose. With weekly papers rendering monthly accounts to newsagents, the total and folio columns have to be inserted after each five detail columns. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. Only one month's entries are given in the Order Book, as doubtless these will suffice to show the working of this department, and the figures of the remaining months are not necessary for present purposes. 2. SALES DAY BOOK AND RETUBNS BOOK. This book is written up from the Sales Order Book, and is so arranged that the work may be done daily if thought desirable. One advantage of such a course is that a duplicate record is obtained, which may prove very useful in the case, for instance, of a fire taking place, and the Order Book being consumed. In such an event the Day Book, if kept in a separate part of the building, may very likely be preserved, and thus be the means of avoiding the loss of, possibly, a whole month's entries of sales. Columns are provided for entering from the Order Book the daily deliveries, and the total of copies for each week or month. This total is converted into quires (twenty-six copies equal one quire), and the money value carried out into the amount column, which is then ready for posting to the Newsagents' Accounts in the Sales Ledger. Apart from the question of duplicate record just mentioned, the daily figures are usually entered in detail in the Day Book for convenience of posting the necessary particulars into the Ledger, as will be presently seen. If the entries are folioed against the Sales Order Book in the column provided for that purpose, the risk of items being omitted is minimised ; and the total of the copies column should agree with the corresponding column in the Order Book, when both are completed. The accuracy of the entries in the quires column can also be tested by comparing the total with the total of the copies column, but the correctness of the amount column cannot be proved in total in the same way, as the price to newsagents is not in all cases uniform. Before transferring to the General Ledger the total sales at the end of each month, it is necessary to deduct the amount of copies returned, the record of which may be made either in a separate book or in a section of the Day Book devoted to the purpose. In most cases it is preferable for a separate book to be O HEW8PAPEH ACCOUNTS. used, but, as the ruling is almost identical, the two may be combined if desired. The entries of returns do not need detailed explanation. Each item is, of course, posted to the credit of the agent forwarding the returns ; the book is totalled at the same periods as the Day Book, and the amount deducted from the gross sales. The net value of sales thus obtained is then transferred into the Sales Ledger Account in the General Ledger. The word " transferred," it may be explained, is here used for the reason that, as will be noted hereafter, the entry made in the General Ledger from this and the other subsidiary books is not a " posting " in the strict technical sense. It may, perhaps, be thought that the totalling and agreement of quantities, as between the Order Book and the Day Book, are somewhat in excess of practical requirements; but it is con- sidered best to show same in every possible way, leaving it to be determined in application to circumstances as to how much (if any) of the work may safely be dispensed with. 3. SALES LEDGER. This Ledger is ruled with more space for particulars on the debit than on the credit side, and there are columns for quantities as well as amounts. This special ruling is, however, needed only in cases where it is considered preferable to post in the Ledger the full particulars shown in the Day Book. These are required for the purpose of rendering statements to the newsagents, but the requirements of each office determine whether, on the whole, it is best for the Ledger to contain the details, or for same to be obtained from the Day Book when statements are being prepared. In the latter case, of course, the ruling would be that of an ordinary Ledger, and the entries would be simply "To Goods," "By Eeturns," &c. The more elaborate ruling is retained here, as it is submitted that if the trouble is taken of recording the quantities in respect of each payment received from the agent, in addition to the quantities of Sales and Keturns, the quantities columns can be balanced as well as the amount columns, and the former will then act in most cases as a check upon the latter, the price being usually the same throughout each individual account. This check is some- NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. times very useful in discovering, or (which is better) preventing, errors in the money columns in the way of settlements, balances, &c. The balancing of this Ledger is dealt with under the head of Sales Ledger Account in the General Ledger. 4. CASH SALES BOOK. This book contains all Keady Money or Cash Sales of the current issue of the paper. It is customary to hand over the counter to trade customers copies of the day's issue in exchange for previous issues, and accordingly, in the ruling of the Cash Sales Book, a separate column is provided for quantities ''changed." Next to this is a column recording quantities sold for which cash is received, and following is the amount column containing the cash value of the quantities in the " sold " column. The three columns are totalled daily, the totals of the two quantities columns being carried to the Distribution Register, and the money total extended into the outer column, it being at the same time folioed against the corresponding entry in the Cash Received Book. The "Daily Totals " column is added up to obtain the monthly total, which is transferred to the Cash Sales Account in the General Ledger. For the purposes of some of the daily papsrs, more especially the evening papers, it is necessary to keep, in addition to the Cash Sales Book, a Cart Book and Street Sales Book. Forms for these are given subsequently (see Chapter X). 6. BACK NUMBERS SALES BOOK. This book is used for recording the sale of all copies other than of the current issue, and provides a space for the serial number of each copy sold, together with the price and amount. It is totalled monthly, the total of the quantities being transferred to the Stock Register. The total of the amount column is daily extended into the outer column and folioed against the entry in the Cash Received Book in the same way as the Cash Sales. The total at the end of 10 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. each month is transferred to the Back Numbers Sales Account in the General Ledger. The money value resulting from the sale of back numbers is comparatively small, and it may not be thought worth while to keep a separate account of same, except for the reason that it facilitates the agreement of quantities in the Distribution and Stock Registers, to be presently explained. 6. SVBSCRIPTION ORDER BOOK. This book is ruled for a period of three months on each opening, giving a single column for each working day. The names are grouped in alphabetical order, and there is an alphabetical index running throughout the book, which may be arranged so that the names under each letter of the alphabet can be carried forward from one quarter to another without the necessity of opening a new book for each quarter. If the subscribers are sufficiently numerous, each letter of the alphabet may be subdivided under the usual vowel arrangement. The names are put in alphabetical order in this book so as to correspond with the entries in the Subscription Ledger, and thus make reference easy. All orders for copies to be forwarded to subscribers by post are entered as received, with full names and postal addresses, as likewise the period over which the subscription extends. The date columns are marked off day by day as the copies are issued, and at the end of the quarter the total of copies forwarded to each subscriber is transferred into the Subscription Ledger, the unexpired balance being entered in the last column. The last two columns, on being cast throughout each letter, should agree in total with the first column, and the names may then be re-entered on the following opening for the next quarter. The Order Book may also, if thought desirable, contain the list of persons to whom " free " copies are to be sent. 7, SUBSCRIPTION LEDGER. This book is indexed alphabetically throughout in the same NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 11 way as the Order Book, and the names are entered in similar rotation. It is ruled in columnar form, this being found from experience to be the simplest arrangement by which to arrive at correct figures for Balance Sheet purposes. It, in effect, provides a Ledger Account with each subscriber, but at the same time avoids much of the work which is entailed in ordinary Ledgers, and as it admits of all the columns being totalled and agreed together, a considerable saving of labour takes place, besides which, the journalising of the proportion of subscriptions expired during the current period is unnecessary, as the total can be arrived at in this Ledger and dealt with in one sum. If each letter of the alphabet is totalled separately, the same book may be used for several quarters, and it is also more convenient, for other reasons, to make breaks in the additions rather than carry them on all through the book. The alphabet may be summarised on separate openings following the letter Z, and the gross totals are then agreed with the Subscription Ledger Account in the General Ledger. Having regard to the small amount of the individual subscrip- tions, it may be thought that the system here set out is somewhat elaborate, but when it is remembered that in the case of papers with any considerable circulation the unearned proportion of the prepaid subscriptions represents a considerable sum of money, it is apparent that the bookkeeping should provide the means of readily ascertaining such unexpired portion, or the profits of the current period may be over-stated when a Balance Sheet is prepared. It is submitted that the present is the easiest method of obtaining correct results. d. SUNDRIES DAY BOOK. In this book are entered all Sales other than of copies of the paper, such as waste paper, blocks used for illustrations, copyrights, re- prints, &c. It is ruled in ordinary Day Book form, but with additional columns for analysis of the Sales. Each item in the " amount " column is, of course, posted to the debit of the customer in the Sundries Ledger, and the monthly totals of the analysis columns are transferred to the debit of the Sundries Ledger Account in the General Ledger. 12 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 9. SUNDRIES LEDGER. This is in the usual Ledger form, and, with the Day Book, com- prises a small but separate set of accounts. It is generally desirable to keep these transactions distinct from the ordinary Sales, one reason being that in all but very small offices it is necessary to closely watch the sale of waste paper and sundry goods, both to ascertain that all Sales actually made are recorded, and also that the cash is promptly collected. 10. DISTRIBUTION REGISTER. This is not directly a financial book, but a statistical record, and provides the means for proving that all the copies printed are properly accounted for. On each printing machine is an indicator which registers the number of copies printed, or rather the number of revolutions made by the drum of the machine, hence if a breakage occurs in the paper with which the machine is being fed the indicator records a considerable quantity of copies before the machine can be stopped. Occasionally, also, copies are damaged in the press, and are thrown aside as useless, and the totals of these and the breakages before mentioned (constituting the difference between the copies printed and the copies received into the publishing office) are entered in the Register as waste. In order, however, that all occurrences of this kind may be brought into account the Register starts with the actual figures shown by the indicator daily, and in the succeeding columns the distribution of these is shown. The columns are made up as follows : Credit Sales from the Sales Order Book. Cash Sales current copies issued Changes - in exchange for back numbers. Subscriptions Free Waste Unsold Cash Sales Book. do. Subscription Order Book. Free List. Publishing Office record as above explained. Unsold copies left on hand. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 13 The total of these columns is compared with the total printed, and any deficiency inserted in the last column. Where the record is carefully kept, however, there should be no deficit of any material quantity. The correctness of the money results, as regards Sales, may be approximately proved periodically by the totals of Credit and Cash Sales respectively being converted into money at the wholesale price. Such conversion should produce a somewhat smaller amount than the actual money value of the Sales, since the latter include a number of odd copies sold at a higher rate than the wholesale price per quire. If the money value of the Sales, as shown by the Day Books, is not in excess of the calculation made from the Register, the figures require further investigation, as they either contain clerical errors, or are based upon wrong entries in the books. Where, however, the records are found to agree, they comprise a valuable check as between the copies printed and the Sales appearing on the Trading Account. 11. STOCK REGISTER. This book is provided for keeping account of the returned and unsold copies. It is ruled in Dr. and Cr. form, and is debited with the weight of papers on hand at the beginning of the current period, the quantities respectively of changed and unsold copies being debited at the end of each month according to the totals shown in the Distribution Register. The quantity of returns is also debited from the Returns Book, whilst upon the other side the quantity of back numbers sold is credited. Each item is then approximately converted from quantity into weight, and as sales of waste occur, the weight sold as given in the Sundries Day Book is credited to this account, which therefore, upon being balanced, shows the weight of copies on hand at any time. It is not intended that these entries should be worked out to an exact agreement with the actual work. The result of such an operation would probably not be worth the cost, but it certainly is advisable to keep a fairly close record of the items which fall under this head. CHAPTER III. BOOKS RELATING TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 1. ADVERTISEMENT ORDER BOOK. THIS book is written up as the orders are received, a serial number being given to each order. Any special instructions as to " position," &c., are set out in the proper columns. The " dates of insertion" columns are marked with a tick in advance, and the "copy" for the composing room prepared. After the paper is printed, each advertisement appearing therein is marked with the serial number and the price, whilst at the same time the Order Book is cross-ticked, in order to ascertain that all the advertise- ments ordered for the current issue have appeared. In the case of prepaid advertisements, the only written document usually obtained is the matter or " copy" to be inserted, and the term " order " is intended to include such " copy." The ruling of the book is for one month on an opening, at the end of which period the total of advertisements inserted is placed in the total column, and all orders on hand for future insertion are carried forward to the following month, the names and other particulars being re-entered on the new openings. The entries for the month of January only are set out in this book, as it seemed unnecessary to give those of the subsequent months. Doubtless, from a perusal of the January transactions, the working of the book will be fully understood. In offices where there are a large number of " single " prepaid advertisements received daily, some clerical work may be avoided by the use of a separate book for such advertisements, which book becomes a combination of Order Book and Day Book, being written up by the advertisement clerk and checked by the day book clerk. The disadvantage of this method, however, is that it does NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 15 not afford so good an independent check as the method mentioned below. (See Advertisement Day Book.) The numbers of the receipts given to the customers may, in this connection, be used as "order" numbers, and thus form a separate series. The daily totals (only) of all such separate books need to be transferred into the general Advertisement Day Book and Cash Received Book respectively, the former to allow of the day's total of "advertisements inserted" being ascertained, and the latter for the purpose of balancing the cash. 2. ADVERTISEMENT DAY BOOK. The form of this book explains itself. It is written up daily and agreed with the Order Book. The most effective plan so as to insure a check as between the books is for the entries in the Advertisement Day Book (in- cluding the price, but not the extended amount) to be made from the Order Book after same has been compared by the advertisement clerk with the marked copy of the paper. Having entered all the advertisements which, according to the Order Book, were inserted, the marked copy is then inspected from beginning to end, and as each item is identified, the amount in the Day Book is filled in ready for posting to the Ledger. By this procedure the advertisement clerk and the day book clerk mutually check each other. The daily totals are extended into the outer column, the ad- ditions of which are carried forward to the end of each month, when they are transferred into the Advertisement Ledger Account in the General Ledger. It is generally an advantage to have separate Day Books for alternate days to facilitate the clerical work. 3. ADVERTISEMENT LEDGER. For prepaid serial advertisements it is preferable to have a separate Ledger, indexed alphabetically throughout, and arranged so that an account need not be opened for each customer, but only 16 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. one line allowed to each order. The cash is posted to the credit of the account when received, and as the advertisements are inserted the debits are posted up from the Day Book, so that when the order has run out the account becomes clear, whilst at any inter- mediate time it shows the proportion for which the customer is a creditor in respect of advertisements not yet inserted, the money value of which is consequently not part of the current earnings of the paper. The amount of these prepaid advertisements forms, of course, a considerable item to be taken into account whenever a Balance Sheet is prepared. The Advertisement Ledger has a special riding on the debit side to provide for the insertion dates of serial advertisements. These dates often require considerable space. By comparing the transactions recorded in the Day Book with the postings to tho Ledger, it will be seen that, when the first entry of a serial adver- tisement is posted from the Day Book, the date of insertion and other particulars are posted in the Ledger Account, but the amount is not carried out into the money column. A space is left vacant following the initial date for the writing in of the remaining dates from the Day Book as the insertions appear in the paper, and it is only when the order is completed that the amount is extended into the " amount" column. This system is an alternative one to that of keeping a tabular Day Book, and posting to the Ledger only when each transaction is ended, and at first sight it may seem undesirable on the ground that more clerical work appears to be necessary. This, however, is not really the case, as if the full dates are set out in the Ledger, reference to the Day Book is avoided when statements are being prepared, and thus there is an equivalent saving in time. In addition to this, there are two great advantages in the system now advocated first, that the daily value of the advertisements inserted can be much more readily ascertained, and, second, that the Ledger Account of each advertising agent, being posted daily, is always available for the purpose of watching the state of the agent's account, should only a limited credit be given. The former point bears more particularly upon the prepara- tion of the accounts, whilst the latter is of great importance to the manager who is anxious not to have a large portion of the paper's earnings absorbed by bad debts. CHAPTER IV. BOOKS RELATING TO CONTRIBUTIONS. 1. CONTRIBUTORS' REGISTER. THIS is ruled in simple form for recording the contributions used daily in the paper. The entries are made by the clerk whose duty it is to go through the paper and enter in the Register particu- lars of all contributions appearing in each issue. When the day's record is complete and any queries as to price to be paid, &c., settled, the amount column is totalled, and it is then initialled by the Editor responsible therefor. The items are posted to the Contributors' Ledger in the ordinary way, and the daily total is extended into the outer column, the totals of which are transferred monthly into the Contributors' Ledger Account in the General Ledger. If the contributions comprise literary articles as well as news paragraphs, it is desirable to have two Registers, one for literature and one for news. It is hoped that the editorial world will not visit with severe punishment our audacity in hinting that, from overflowing zeal for the thorough equipment of the paper, editors occasionally indulge in unduly heavy purchases of contributions, the result being that a con- siderable portion of same cannot be used whilst the subject matters are fresh, and consequently loss is incurred in respect of unused articles, &c. In dealing with such contributions it is advisable either to have a separate Register, or to allot a separate portion of the Con- tributors' Register, for the purpose. The articles and news appearing in the paper having been duly written up in the Registers and posted to the Ledger, the particulars of contributions which are not intended to be used are entered separately as above mentioned, and posted in the same way to the credit of the respective contribu- 18 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. tors' accounts in the Ledger. If the rule is observed that before payment of any claim a credit for the amount claimed must appear in the Ledger, the entry of all contributions, whether used or unused, is ensured, difficulty arising only where contributions are stocked for future use. This, however, does not often happen to any material extent in the class of paper now under consideration. There is, of course, the question of stock of biographical notices, &c., but as these are often " written up " from time to time by the editorial staff, and in any case do not, as a rule, form a large percentage of the items, they do not warrant any special arrangements being made. With regard to high-class " weeklies " and " monthlies," which keep a regular stock of articles and drawings, &c., a separate form of Register is provided (see Chapter XI.), but for newspapers proper the adoption of the latter form would increase the bookkeeping work, without any corresponding gain in other directions ; it is therefore suggested that all contributions should be entered in the " unused" Register which have not been used up to the time pay- ment is made for same, the total of the entries in this Register being apportioned as between Editorial Expenses (for contributions not in- tended to be used) and Contributions Stock Account (for contributions intended for future use) in posting to the General Ledger. Great care must, however, be taken to make sure that only such items as are really of value to the paper are taken into stock, as it will be seen that otherwise the Editorial Expenses might be made to appear smaller than they really were, the Balance Sheet at the same time becoming loaded with a quantity of worthless stock. 2. CONTRIBUTORS' LEDGER. This is of ordinary ruling except that a somewhat larger space is required on the credit than on the debit side, to allow room for the details of the contribution. As implied in the remarks with regard to the Contributors' Register, it is of special importance that no payments should be made in respect of claims not credited in this Ledger, as from the peculiar nature of the transactions it is usually very difficult to obtain any particulars after payment has taken place. A large number of small payments have often to be made in NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 19 this department to occasional contributors or persons with whom it is not worth while to open Ledger Accounts, and in this event it is advantageous to employ a special Ledger indexed throughout in the same way as previously mentioned in connection with subscriptions and prepaid advertisements. The accounts in such a Ledger need only occupy one line for each item, and it is submitted that the plan is preferable to that which is sometimes adopted, of marking off the Register against the Cash Book instead of posting to Ledger Accounts. There are frequently a number of these small items unclaimed, and they cause considerable trouble at balancing times if they are not comprised in Ledger Accounts, so, on the whole, it is believed that the system suggested is the better one. CHAPTER V. BOOKS RELATING TO PURCHASES AND EXPENSES. 1. INVOICE BOOK. THIS book is ruled with a column for the serial numbers of the invoices, and if the invoices are arranged for easy reference, only short particulars need be entered in the Invoice Book. All pur- chases and expenses for which cheques are drawn (other than contributions and salaries and wages) should pass through this book. Parenthetically, it may be recommended that payment should be made by cheque whenever possible, leaving as little as may be to go through the Petty Cash Book. Any discount receivable should be deducted from the invoice, and the latter entered " nett " in the Invoice Book, seeing that the discounts partake rather of the nature of trade allowances than discount proper. Analysis columns are provided for the principal accounts of expenditure, and a sundry column for such items as occur only occasionally, or which require posting in detail to the Private Ledger, as, for instance, purchases of type or furniture, &c. The aggregate total of the analysis columns, when cast laterally, should agree with the net total of amounts posted to the Invoice Ledger (after deduction of returns, &c.), and the Invoice Ledger total is then posted to the credit of Invoice Ledger Account in the General Ledger, whilst the respective totals of the analysis columns are posted to the debit of the various Expenses, &c., Accounts in the General Ledger, NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. 21 2. INVOICE LEDGER. This is ruled in the ordinary way, and the items are all posted from either the Invoice Book or Cash Book. Where there is a large number of small accounts, it may be of advantage to employ a separate Ledger for them (indexed alpha- betically throughout, as previously explained), in order to avoid opening accounts for persons with whom transactions are infrequent. 3. PAPER BOOK. This book is ruled, on the debit side, for entry of all paper bought; and for conversion of the invoiced number of pounds weight of each reel into an approximate number of copies to be produced, upon the basis of a certain number of pounds to the ream. When the paper has been all used, the number of copies printed from each web indicates (a certain number being equal to a ream of a certain weight) the weight of paper which the reel should have produced ; and this weight is adapted for purpose of any adjustment of payment to the paper maker, it being usually impracticable to actually weigh each reel. The form also provides for recording the " Waste " which may be found on the reels when they are delivered, such as broken edges to the paper, &c. Such " Waste " has to be removed from the reel before it can be used, and is, therefore, deducted from the gross weight in the Paper Book, and a claim made on the paper maker for the cost. The consumption of paper daily, as ascertained from the total of copies printed, is credited in this book, and the balance shows at any time the quantity of paper in stock, which may, therefore, be readily worked out into money value. As there are often two or three " makes " of paper in use at one time, the Paper Book requires to be ruled on the credit side with as many "detail" columns as may be necessary for keeping the Stock Accounts clear with regard to this point. In the specimen entries one "make" only is assumed to be stocked ; but it will be 22 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. perceived that the one column can easily be subdivided if required. It will also be understood that, although the stock on hand at 30th June 1895 is inserted in one sum, it would, in actual transactions, be set out in detail in the same way as it is shown on 1st January 1895. For the purpose of ruling off the columns of " Surplus " and " Deficit " on number of copies, the quantities estimated on reels in stock are taken as the actual quantities and carried forward to the new account, any difference being subsequently adjusted when ascertained. CHAPTEK VI. BOOKS RELATING TO CASH. TO facilitate the separate balancing of the various departmental accounts, and at the same time to summarise the expenses and so avoid a great deal of posting of details, the General Cash Account is divided into sections by the employment of a Cash Received Book, as well as a Cash Book proper ; and also a Salaries and Wages Book and Petty Cash Book and a Postage Book. This arrangement may, at first sight, seem rather formidable, but in offices where the transactions are at all numerous the method here given will be found to be labour-saving in the result. 1. CASH RECEIVED BOOK. Taking the books in order, the first is the Cash Received Book, which, besides the cash received columns, is also ruled for recording commission and discount allowed. The columns are divided under the different heads in respect of which the Ledgers are sectionally balanced, and are followed by a column for entering the daily total of cash received. It is a part of the system now explained that all monies received are paid into the bank without any deduction whatever, and space is provided for particulars of each lodgment accordingly. For the purpose, therefore, of ^balancing the Cash Received Book, all that has to be done is to see that the bank column agrees with the daily total column. It is well to total the whole of the columns daily, so as to ascertain that all the cash received has been actually paid into the bank. It is not, however, suggested that they should be ruled off and the balances " brought down " daily, but that the totals should be carried on from day to day, and a complete balancing made at 24 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. the end of each month. The working of this will be seen from the specimen transactions set out for the month of January. It was thought unnecessary to encumber the book with daily totalling of the detail columns during the subsequent months, as the method can be fully comprehended from a perusal of the January items. 2. CASH BOOK. The items in the " Eeceipts " columns of this book are posted or transferred from the Cash Received Book. In these columns are also entered any special items which do not appear under ordinary trade receipts, but which require posting separately to the Private Ledger, such as Capital paid in by the proprietors or share- holders, &c. The payments are entered in the usual way, a space being provided for insertion of the voucher number. The details column is for occasions when cheques are drawn which comprise items chargeable to more than one Expenses Account, as, for instance, the weekly wages cheque. At the end of each month, or other stated period, the aggregate total of the analysis columns is agreed with the total of the bank column ; and the totals of the analysis columns are then posted as follows : Contributors to the Contributors' Ledger Account in General Ledger. Invoice Ledger to the Invoice Ledger Account in General Ledger. Salaries and Wages to the Salaries and Wages Book. Petty Cash to the Petty Cash Book. Postage Stamps to the Postage Book. In making the analysis of payments from day to day, any items which do not fall under either of the heads provided for, as, for example, partners' drawings, should be entered in the sundry column, and separately posted to either the General Ledger or the Private Ledger, but to no other Ledger. 3. SALARIES AND WAGES BOOK. The Salaries and Wages Book is debited with the money NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 25 drawn from time to time during the month and credited with each payment made, the voucher number being put in the proper column. Objection is often made to the signatures of employes being taken in a general book, on the ground that it is undesirable for the men to become informed of the amount of wages which their fellow workmen are obtaining. It is strongly urged, however, that some kind of voucher should always be obtained, and this can be arranged by preparing a small receipt docket for each person to sign. These dockets may be numbered serially, and preserved as vouchers to this book, besides which the foreman of each department should certify the amount of wages payable to his men every week. The present book is designed to take the place of the number of "rough" Wages Books of different kinds which are sometimes found in use. Besides the advantage of combining these all in one, it enables the totals to be carried on for any required period, and thus saves a number of postings week by week to the various Salaries and Wages Accounts. 4. PETTY CASH BOOK. This book contains on the left-hand page an ordinary Dr. and Cr. Account for receipts and payments, the receipts being cheques drawn and cashed for petty cash purposes, as appears in the petty cash column of the Cash Book. No other cash received should be entered in this book, as all moneys received, however small in amount, should be entered in the Cash Received Book or Cash Book, and paid into the bank. On the right-hand page are analysis columns for dividing the expenditure, by which means totals are obtained for periodical posting to the General Ledger without the trouble of posting each amount separately. It will be noticed that there is no provision for payment of any Invoice Ledger items through petty cash, as it is considered preferable to make all such payments by cheque, even if the sum is very small. It is also desirable that petty cash payments should be confined strictly to trivial amounts, and that, to provide for larger items which often have to be paid out urgently when signatures to cheques are not obtainable, the manager should have a small fund, either in cash or by way of a separate bank account, 26 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. upon which he could draw personally. The procedure in that case is for a fixed sum of (say) 100 to be in this way at the disposal of the manager for urgent payments. This amount is posted to a Ledger Account as " Cash in manager's hands," and he draws from the general bank account from time to time such sums as he may actually have paid out, entering the particulars or a summary of same in the Cash Book. These payments then become chargeable to the proper accounts through the medium of the analysis columns, and the manager's balance is restored to the original sum. He will only require to keep a memorandum book for his own guidance, as whatever amounts he pays out will not come into account until drawn from the principal bank account. o. POSTAGE BOOK. This is a similar book to the Petty Cash Book, containing on the debit side particulars of cash received on Stamps Account by the postage clerk, and on the credit side details of stamps used for postage of correspondence, copies, &c. The remaining columns provide for the analysis of the expenditure, and the totals of these analysis columns are periodically posted to the General Ledger. CHAPTER VII. PRIVATE BOOKS. 1. GENERAL LEDGER. Ledger is arranged to contain the various accounts relating A to the cost of producing and working the paper, the heads of which are shown on the Trading Account. It likewise comprises the following accounts for the purpose of the sectional balancing : (a) Sales Ledger Account. (6) Subscription Ledger Account. (c) Sundries do. (d) Advertisements do. (e) Contributors' do. (/) Invoice do. The principle of these Sectional Accounts is that each one agrees with the departmental Ledger or Ledgers identified with its name, every item of the account in the General Ledger being the correct aggregation of all the entries which fall under the corresponding head in the departmental Ledger or Ledgers. This will be more clearly seen on reference to the Specimen Accounts, and the explanations which follow. The Sectional Ledger Accounts are ruled with double columns for folios and amounts, the first column on either side being for recording folios and totals from the " Subsidiary " books, i.e., all the books (except the Invoice Book) which do not form part of the private set of accounts as given in Chapter I. It may be mentioned that the Invoice Book totals form an exception to the foregoing rule, and require to be posted direct into the outer column of the Invoice Ledger Account in the General Ledger ; for the reason that the debits obtained by the analysis columns of the Invoice Book are at the same time posted direct 28 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. to the various accounts in the General Ledger to which they relate. The first or inner column, then, on either side must be regarded strictly as a memorandum column, the items in which do not come into account for balancing purposes whilst they remain in that column. At balancing times, however, the entries in this column are totalled and extended into the second money column, when they must at the same time be posted elsewhere and the necessary reference folio inserted. The alternative method is to dispense with the memorandum column, entering the totals from the subsidiary books, and at the same time posting or transferring them to the contra account to which they belong, or, in other words, making a double posting from the subsidiary book to the debit and credit respectively of accounts in the General Ledger. With this plan, however, there is the risk of the double posting not being duly com- pleted, and as the aggregate amounts under the first method arc generally dealt with only at the preparation of a Balance Sheet, being then usually transferred direct to the Trading Account, there is in practice no danger of their being overlooked, and so causing discrepancies. This arrangement is therefore recommended as the better of the two. Great care must be taken that no cross entries are made as between the various detail Ledgers, or a discrepancy in the sectional balancing will result, as, for example, if a cheque is received from a customer in payment of both a Sales Ledger Account and an Advertisement Ledger Account, or if an Invoice Ledger balance is set off against an Advertisement Ledger balance, and cash received or paid for the net difference, the entries must bo made in the Cash Received Book and Cash Book in such a way that the proper proportion eventually reaches each General Ledger Account which is affected by the transaction. Some remarks as to the different accounts in connection with the specimen entries given may be of service. (a) SALES LEDGER ACCOUNT. The balances at the commencement of this Account represent the totals (debit and credit) of the outstanding balances due from, NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 29 and to, newsagents at th^ previous balancing. The net totals of sales are posted from the Day Book to the debit memorandum column month by month, and at the end of the half-year, or other balancing period, are extended into the second money column, and the total is then ready for posting to the Trading Account. It will be noticed, however, that this is subject to a general reserve made to provide for returned copies not yet to hand from news- agents, but in respect of which credit will have to be subsequently given to such agents. The papers being supplied to agents on sale or return, it is necessary to make a deduction from the gross sales in respect of the proportion of " returns" which will be probably received after the accounts are made up. Such proportion can usually be estimated within a small amount. On the credit side the total of cash is posted each month from the Cash Received Book. It must be noted, however, that this is not a memorandum posting, and is, therefore, to be posted to the second money column. Discounts allowed come in monthly totals from the Cash Received Book as a memorandum posting, and are placed in the memorandum column, the half-yearly total being extended and transferred to the Discount Account. In the speci- men transactions, items bearing discount are introduced for the sake of illustration, but in practice it is not usual to allow discount except in very few cases. When a list of the balances outstanding at the end of the period is prepared from the Sales Ledgers, the debit and credit totals of such list, upon being inserted in the Sales Ledger Account, should balance same, and if this is the case it may be usually taken that the account is proved correct with respect to balancing ; although, of course, the mere fact of balancing correctly does not preclude the possibility of error. It may be, for instance, that charges for advertisements inserted are posted by mistake to the debit of a wrong account in the Advertisement Ledger. Such an error would not affect the balancing, although it might considerably affect the financial results, supposing, for example, that the error was not discovered until it was too late to be rectified, and resulted in a " bad " debt. It is assumed that the entries in the Detail Ledgers have month by month been checked by the office staff. This should always be done as soon as possible after the postings are made, and quite apart from any outside audit of the books. 30 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (b) SUBSCRIPTION LEDGER ACCOUNT. The balances at the beginning of the period consist of the totals of subscriptions respectively owing and prepaid as shown by the Subscription Ledger. The proportion earned during each period is ascertained only at the end of the period, but the total cash received is credited to this account each month. The Subscription Ledger being ruled in columnar form, it is essential to have a thorough check applied to it in order to be certain that none of the amounts are placed in a wrong column. The items grouped under each letter of the alphabetical index are totalled separately in the different columns, and a summary of the letters made at the end of the Ledger. Inasmuch as this summary comprises an analysis of the whole Ledger, the figures necessarily agree if added correctly, but it is very important to compare and confirm the total cash received with that shown by the alphabetical summary. (c) ADVERTISEMENT LEDGER ACCOUNT. The balances at the commencement of this account represent the total of Advertisement Accounts owing and prepaid by customers respectively. The monthly totals of advertisements inserted are charged in the memorandum column, and the gross total extended and posted to the Trading Account at the end of the period in the same way as with the Sales Ledger Account. The commissions include only those actually allowed upon customers' settlements, so that it is necessary to transfer the total to Commissions Account in order that the latter may be adjusted for Trading Account figures. (d) SUNDRIES LEDGER ACCOUNT. This account is agreed with the Sundries Ledger in the same way as the Sales Ledger previously explained, the Day Book totals being entered monthly in the memorandum column, and the total extended and posted at the end of the period, It is con- NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 31 sidered preferable to keep the sales of waste paper, blocks, &c., distinct, and to show same as credits on the Trading Account rather than to deduct the amounts from the respective heads of cost. (e) CONTRIBUTORS' LEDGER ACCOUNT. This commences with the total of the amounts owing to Contributors. It is credited with the monthly totals of contribu- tions purchased as shown by the Contributors' Register, and debited from the Cash Book with the cash paid. The balance of the account then (assuming the postings to be correct) agrees with the total of the list of balances extracted from the Contributors' Ledger. (/) INVOICE LEDGER ACCOUNT. This account is agreed with the Invoice Ledger according to the same rules as the accounts before-mentioned. Monthly totals are posted from the Invoice Book to this account, but as these are at the same time posted to the debit of various other accounts in the General Ledger (as previously explained), they do not require to be put in the memorandum column, and must therefore be posted to the outer column straight away. AGENTS' COMMISSION ON ADVERTISEMENTS. This account commences with the amount of commission out- standing at the beginning of the period, and is debited at the end of the period (by transfer from the Advertisement Ledger Account) with the total amount of commission actually allowed on settlements which have taken place. The amount chargeable against profits with which to credit this account should, in strict- ness, be ascertained as the result of a calculation in respect of each advertisement which appears in the paper. The most convenient method of arriving at such result is by setting out in an additional column in the Day Book the commission to be allowed on each advertisement, the daily totals of such column being dealt with 32 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. similarly to the gross totals of advertisements inserted. When the total amount for the period of trading is credited to the Commis- sion Account, the credit balance remaining in the account is the sum outstanding in respect of accounts not yet collected from agents. Perhaps, however, the more usual rule is not to make any calculation of commissions in the books during the period, but (after debiting at balancing time the total allowed to agents as above mentioned) to ascertain the outstanding commission by marking on the list of agents' balances owing the several amounts to be allowed upon settlement, and debiting the gross amount of same to Commission Account. The amount which then requires to be inserted on the credit side in order to balance the account will form the charge to Trading Account. The commission outstanding as above ascertained is, of course, brought down as a credit balance to commence the new period. The working of the account will be easily followed on reference to the specimen transactions given in Appendix A. By the latter plan a great deal of clerical work is avoided, and there need be no risk of any material error occurring. It is, there- fore, adopted in the present accounts, in preference, as a matter of expediency, to what is theoretically the more correct method. EDITORIAL SALARIES EDITORIAL EXPENSES COMPOSING WAGES COMPOSING EXPENSES FOUNDRY WAGES FOUNDRY EXPENSES MA CHINING WAGES MACHINING EXPENSES These accounts are composed either entirely of postings from the Cash Book, or partly from the Invoice Book and partly NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 33 from the Cash Book and Petty Cash Book. They comprise the principal items in the cost of production (apart from paper and illustrations), and at balancing times the totals need only to be transferred to Trading Account. In the event, however, of any considerable amount of salaries or wages having accrued, but not actually become payable, at the date of the Balance Sheet, a credit balance may be brought down to the next period in respect of such accrued portion, thus increasing and making more accurate the amount charged to Trading Account. PAPER. This account commences with the value of paper in stock at the previous balancing, and is charged with the paper purchased during the current period. It is then credited with the value of paper used over the same period as shown by the Paper Book, which credit gives the amount to be transferred to Trading Account. The balance of the account then agrees with the value of paper in stock according to the Paper Book, and is brought down as a balance to the new period. ILLUSTRATIONS. Drawings, blocks, copyrights, &c., are charged to this account through the Invoice Book each month, and the total carried to Trading Account at the time of balancing. If it is desired to allow for the value of drawings, blocks, &c., remaining in stock, the amount of same is brought into account as a debit balance and the remainder only charged to Trading Account, but the amount realisable under this head is so uncertain that it is generally better to leave it out of account altogether. The foregoing remarks are intended only for papers in which the illustrations are a comparatively minor matter. In the case of the high-class illustrated "weeklies, "which have recently multiplied so considerably in number, the illustrations are, of course, a very important item in the cost of production, and require special treat- ment, as set out in Chapter XI. 34 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. REPAIRS AND WEAR AND TEAR OF PLANT. The following is thought to be the most convenient division of the plant for the purpose of providing for wear and tear and renewals, viz. : Machinery. Type. Furniture. Fixtures and Fittings. In theory, the most accurate mode, perhaps, of dealing with repairs and wear and tear is to ascertain how many years the plant may be expected to last, and then, at the time of each Balance Sheet, to reduce the amount of the account containing the expendi- ture by crediting to it a proportionate part or percentage of the original expenditure, according to the "expectancy of life," such proportion being charged against Profits by transfer to the Trading Account. The expenditure upon repairs and renewals is added to the account from year to year, so that if the percentage to be written off is accurately estimated at the commencement, the account, when balanced at any time, should represent the actual value of the plant. To illustrate the meaning of this, it may be assumed that 1,500 is spent upon Furniture, which is estimated to last ten years. The Ledger Account would be as follows: 1895. s d 1895. s d Jan. 1. Purchase of Furni- Dec. 31. Wear & tear, 10% ture .. .. 1,500 00 on 1,500 .. 150 Dec. 31. Repairs &Renewals 5000 Balance .. c/d 1,400 1,550 1,550 1895. s d 189G. s d Dec. 31. Balance .. b/d 1,400 Dec. 31. Wear & tear, 10% 1896. on 1,400 . . 140 Dec. 31. Repairs &Renewals 10000 Balance .. c/d 1,360 1,500 1,500 1896. s d 1897. s d Dec. 31. Balance .. b/d 1,360 Dec. 31. Wear & tear, 10% 1897. on 1,360 . . 136 Dec. 31. Repairs &Renewals 90 Balance . . c/d 1,314 1,450 1,450 1897. Dec. 31. Balance .. b/d 1,314 &c., &c., &c. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 35 An account kept in this way will usually become reduced in amount during the first few years, when the expenditure is light, but later on, when renewals are more frequent, the balance increases, perhaps, to something near the original amount. In the absence, however, of any real extension of the plant, it should never be allowed to increase beyond the first cost, as that would be an indication that the rate provided for wear and tear had not been sufficiently high. The amount to be written off may be calculated upon either the original expenditure or upon the diminishing balance from year to year, as in the above illustration. By the former method, presuming there were no repairs or renewals, the asset would be entirely extinguished within the period indicated by tha percentage, whilst by the latter there would always be a residue of value in the account. The nature of the asset, and other circumstances in individual cases, will determine which of these rules ought to be adopted. The advantage of providing for repairs and renewals at a fixed rate is that the charge against profits is more conveniently distributed over the years than is the case otherwise, but as, in practice, a reliable percentage very often cannot be ascertained, it is sometimes considered a safer plan to charge against the profits from time to time, the actual repairs and renewals, and an additional sum by way of percentage (a lower one, of course, than in the alternative method) to meet the diminishing value of the portions of the plant which would require renewal only at long periods. In addition to ordinary wear and tear, depreciation often arises from reduction in market value of plant in consequence of lessened cost of manufacture, or from supersession by new inventions, &c. This, when it occurs, should be met by a special writing down of the account representing the asset, and in the case of newspaper machinery in particular, it is submitted that in view of the rapid developments of late years it is desirable to calculate upon a much shorter life for the plant than would be the case if only ordinary wear and tear were taken into consideration. The machines recently adopted by the most enterprising offices, taking as they do the web of paper, unwinding it simultaneously from two reels, printing it and turning it out, with the copies cut, folded and counted, at the rate of 26,000 per hour, necessarily 36 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. entail an amount of wear and tear considerably in excess of the old style, whilst it is, perhaps, to he expected that these will in turn give place shortly to even greater wonders in the printing world. It is therefore eminently desirable, especially in dealing with such costly plant, to make sure of being " on the safe side" in allowing for wear and tear and depreciation. The following are considered to be average annual rates chargeable against profits for the different classes of plant, viz. : Machinery. Ten per cent, in addition to current repairs. This is, perhaps, on the whole a higher rate than has hitherto obtained in newspaper offices, but having regard to the explanations above given, it is thought that the experience of the past is, in most cases, not a reliable guide for the future. Type. Twenty per cent to thirty-five per cent. This is an item which varies considerably, some founts lasting much .longer than others. Where a considerable stock of type is in use, it is desirable to keep a separate account for each purchase, so as to facilitate a review of the value of the asset periodically. Furniture. Ten per cent, upon the balance at the beginning of each year, adding renewals to the account but not current repairs for breakages, &c. Fixtures and Fittings. Ten per cent, to twenty per cent. upon the original cost, in addition to current repairs. The above rates apply to assets which are the occupiers' property absolutely and do not revert to the landlord. Plant (whether boilers, machinery, or fixtures) which, by reason of its fixed nature, becomes " landlord's fixtures," must, of course, be specially considered, and the writing down arranged so that at least the asset shall be extinguished before the end of the term upon which the premises are held. BAD DEBTS. The importance of providing adequately, not only for ascertained bad debts, but also for possible losses in this direction, is often not fully appreciated until such losses actually occur. The time to NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 37 provide for bad debts is when the debts are created, not when they become irrecoverable, and this should be done by reserving a per- centage upon the credit sales and advertisements, such percentage being charged against profits and carried to the credit of Bad Debt Account, the actual bad debts being debited to the same account by transfer from the respective customers' accounts, when it is known that nothing further can be realised from them. The balance of the Bad Debt Account thus shows at any time the provision existing for further losses not yet ascertained. The percentage reserve for bad debts must, of course, be reviewed, and, if necessary, adjusted periodically say, every three years and at each balancing the list of outstanding debts should be carefully inspected, to see that the doubtful debts do not amount to such a sum as will leave no margin in the Bad Debt Account. The remaining accounts in the General Ledger do not need special mention here, as they are kept in the ordinary way, and there is nothing peculiar to them upon which to comment from the bookkeeping point of view. Matters relating to principle arising in connection with these accounts are dealt with under the head of Trading Account. 2. PRIVATE LEDGER. This is arranged to contain the usual accounts of Capital, Drawings, Plant, Goodwill, &c., but as these do not present any special features relating to the bookkeeping, it is unnecessary to treat of them in detail. TRADING ACCOUNT. All the items of account which appear to require detailed information having already been discussed, very little need be said with regard to the Trading Account. The commission and discount on sales are deducted from the gross amount of sales on the credit side of the account, and the commission on advertisements and canvassers' salaries, &c., from 38 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. the gross advertisements, in order to show the net income from each source after allowing for the special cost in connection with obtain- ing such income. On the debit side the items are classed under three heads, viz. (1) Cost of Production; (2) Cost of Distri- bution ; and (3) General Charges, these being convenient approximate divisions of the expenditure for purposes of comparison, &c. It is thought that, upon perusal of the specimen set of transactions, the reader will find it easy to follow the grouping of the items on the Trading Account. The General Ledger Accounts have been arranged, as far as possible, in the same order. It may be mentioned that, where the foregoing system of books is in force, an account may be prepared (say) monthly, which will show all particulars of the trading and the approximate profit or loss. This account may be made to give a sufficiently correct result by the expenditure of a few hours' time on its preparation. BALANCE SHEET. The Sundry Creditors and Sundry Debtors upon the specimen Balance Sheet are summarised according to the sectional balancing accounts in the General Ledger. Although the amounts under some of the heads are insignificant, it is considered well that they should appear separately in order to show that they are kept within due limits. If, for example, the debtors under Subscription Ledger, or the creditors under Sales Ledger, amount to any material sum, it will be known that in the one instance there is considerable risk of bad debts, and in the other case, probably larger credits are being given to agents for returns than should be given. It is strongly recommended that a list of all the creditors and debtors, as shown in the Detail Ledgers, should be entered as a permanent record in a Balances Book, which then becomes a valuable adjunct to the Balance Sheet for after reference and comparison. Cash. This item comprises cash at the bank, cash in the manager's hands for emergency purposes, as previously explained, and cash in hand for petty expenses, postage, &c. NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. 39 Stock. The Paper in Stock is valued at the net invoice price, the quantity being ascertained from the Paper Book. It will be noticed that no credit is taken on the Balance Sheet for stores on hand, such as printing ink, stationery, &c. The value of these is a very uncertain quantity, which could not be definitely ascertained without making a detailed inventory, and the result of this would not, as a rule, be worth the trouble. The fluctuation in amount is usually small, and the matter therefore does not affect the Trading Account to any extent. Plant. It is not deemed necessary to set out the particulars of the additions and deductions in respect of each of these items, but only the net amount at which they are taken as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In connection with Furniture, &c., the question of the value of the Editorial Library is sometimes an important one ; but it is, perhaps, generally impracticable to assess such value from year to year for Balance Sheet purposes. It has not been included in the present instance, but, providing a satisfactory basis is settled, there is, of course, no trouble in dealing with the item as a matter of bookkeeping. Goodwill and Copyright. Tho amount shown on this Balance Sheet is assumed to have been paid by the proprietor upon purchase of the business, but in the event of the paper having been in the hands of the same proprietor from the commencement, there would, of course, be ncTsuch item on the Balance Sheet. Some authorities hold that goodwill should be written down, or even expunged, out of profits, but, where this is practicable, the necessity is not very apparent, seeing that, when the profits will allow of material sums being appropriated to the purpose of writing down the goodwill, the value of the latter as a marketable asset is more likely to be increasing than diminishing. In the case of joint stock companies, the articles of association may affect the point with regard to any particular company, but otherwise it is not con- sidered essential that the goodwill should be reduced in book value from time to time. Premises. It will be noticed that no item under this head appears on the Balance Sheet. It is, of course, often the case that the business premises belong to the proprietor of the business ; but, in order that the profit rental may not be involved with the trading 40 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. profits, it is suggested that the ownership of the premises should always be treated as a separate matter, and a full rental charged against the trading in the business accounts. Capital. The Capital Account is shown on the Balance Sheet in the form of a summary of the year's figures, so as to completely account for the variation between the present capital and the figure at which it stood upon the last preceding Balance Sheet. The newspaper is assumed to be owned by a private proprietor. It is not within the scope of this work to deal exhaustively with accounts of joint stock companies ; any figures, therefore, which might be introduced relating to companies would not be conclusive, and might become misleading. The points of difference, however, in respect of ownership, are only those which also arise in any other business ; and, as previously remarked, endeavour has been made in preparing these accounts to show all matters which are peculiar to newspapers, disregarding for the sake of that object any details which are more or less incidental to all trading concerns. CHAPTER VITI. DEPARTMENTAL CHECKS UPON THE BOOKKEEPING. 1. GENERAL. IN all large businesses it is important to have such a system of accounts as will ensure not only a proper balancing of the books, so far as the money columns are concerned, but will also furnish a ready means of proving the accuracy of the entries as regards quantities and other particulars. As everyone versed in accounts is aware, a set of books may be perfect with respect to clerical balancing and yet contain numerous errors, or even serve to conceal frauds of possibly considerable magnitude. In illustra- tion of this, a case occurring a short time since may be mentioned, in which the books had been faultlessly kept from the point of view of methodical balancing and preparation of yearly Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet, but which had been " manipulated" over some six or seven years to the extent of about 150,000. This was an exceptional case, in that the transactions were mostly of heavy amount, thus favouring the commission of fraud on a large scale without a number of persons being concerned ; but in a lesser degree, these observations apply to nearly all offices, including those of newspapers. Apart, however, from the question of intentional fraud, loss of time and money is often occasioned by errors and omissions arising from lack of method, and some trouble is, there- fore, worth incurring in carrying out a system which will minimise the risk of error. The principal points in this connection have been already indicated in general terms when explaining the individual books, but it may be of advantage to give here a short summary of the various checks and tests which may be applied by the manager in charge of the accounts, or by the auditor in the course of his inspection of the books. 42 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 2. SALES. In the discussion of the Distribution Register and Stock Register, it was explained that those books together comprise a complete record of the whole of the printed copies, agreeing the number of copies sold with the total number printed, after allowing for returns and unsold copies, &c. These statistics should, if possible, be compiled by a clerk who is not otherwise connected with the sales department. The chief bookkeeper usually has an assistant engaged upon the details of the private work, to whom the care of these books may be conveniently committed, the senior himself checking and agreeing the totals. Parenthetically, it may be here remarked that the control exercised by the chief of a counting-house is often not so effective as it might be, in consequence of his being engaged upon work which, on account of its importance, he does personally throughout, but which might just as well be prepared in the first place by his assistant or another clerk. The chief, of course, would check the whole work when completed, but with very few exceptions the system should be so arranged as that the chief bookkeeper is relieved of actual writing up of books and accounts, in order that he rnay devote nearly the whole of his time to thoroughly supervising the work of the other clerks. For the purpose of checking the results in the sales department, the Distribution and Stock Registers form the basis of operations, and apart from the proof with respect to past results which these books afford, they also furnish useful information for future guidance. The question of returned copies is often a troublesome one. It is important to keep a careful account of these, as in large concerns there is room for leakage where this is not done. Cases have been known of copies, after being returned and credited, having by some means got back to certain agents and been again returned and allowed for. In fact, some offices go the length of stamping each copy returned, so as to avoid any such irregularity. It is also necessary to see that the returns do not average an undue proportion of the gross sales. Some of ths larger customers insist upon having a certain quantity delivered, although it is known that a considerable percentage will usually be returned unsold, but much may be done in keeping down the excess of copies sent out NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 43 over the number likely to be sold if the accounts are systematically examined. Other points will readily occur in regard to which the periodical inspection of the details will prove of advantage. 3. ADVERTISEMENTS. If the routine in writing up the Order Book and Day Book (as set out in Chapter III.) is adopted, the two books form a good check one upon the other, provided the results are independently tested at intervals. It is strongly recommended, with respect to all the books which are required to fit in with and prove each other, that a different clerk should, as far as possible, be employed on each ; as, for instance, the Order Books and Day Books relating to sales and advertisements. The carrying forward of the unexpired orders at the end of each month requires to be checked carefully, as no independent list of these can be obtained ; although the method of totalling the various columns is a great assistance in this respect. Clerical errors might occur in the omission to insert advertisements, or in under-charging for same when inserted ; but where intentional wrongdoing exists, it will, perhaps, generally be found either in the omission to charge the value of advertisements to customers through the Day Book, or in over-stating the commission allowed to agents ; the object, of course, being in either case to collect and retain a corresponding amount of cash without entering same in the Cash Book. The comparison of the marked copy with the Day Book will, of course, prevent the first form of manipulation ; but the latter is more difficult to deal with in offices where varying rates are in force. A rule should be made to have marked on each customer's Ledger account the rate of commission or discount to which he is entitled, and test the Cash Book entries periodically to ascertain that they are in accordance with the rule ; otherwise, supposing the cashier has charge of the Ledgers, or that the Ledger clerk and the cashier are in collusion, fraud may be effected hnnaking Cash Book entries by over-stating the commission allowed, and under-stating the amount of cash received by a corresponding amount, which then goes into the cashier's pocket. Instances have occurred in which such " manipulations " as these have been carried on for a considerable time. 44 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. When comparing the marked copy of the paper with the Advertisement Day Book, it will sometimes be found that " dummy " advertisements have been inserted to " fill up." This is a matter which, of course, requires special watching ; and, if possible, the confirmation of the manager should be obtained to the fact that such insertions were really "dummies." 4. CONTRIBUTIONS. The principal matter in this connection is to make sure that there are no credits to contributors which should not exist, resulting in payments for which no consideration has been received. This is, however, a simple thing if it is made a practice for the editor of each department to certify the prices to be paid, as, in order to balance the Contributors' Ledger, all items other than cash must go through the Eegister, and if, therefore, the Eegister be properly compared with the contributions printed or certified as waste, so as to prevent, for example, any items being charged twice, there cannot be any discrepancies in this department that are not easily traceable. As mentioned previously, one great advantage of the sectional balancing is that it minimises the risk of embezzlement by means of false entries, as, for instance, by placing to the credit of Personal Accounts items which do not belong there, and which are not posted in the regular way from any other book, the balance of the books generally being maintained by the insertion of a debit of a similar amount in some of the Impersonal Accounts, such as Sundry Expenses or Plant. The agreement separately of the Con- tributors' Ledger makes an irregularity of this nature all but impossible. 3. PURCHASES AND EXPENSES. This division of the accounts requires, perhaps, more careful supervision than any other, as it is impracticable in any but the smallest offices for the manager or chief bookkeeper to certify all the items. It is recommended that rules should be observed to the effect that no goods be received without an invoice, and that such invoice should be immediately signed by the person receiving the goods, who thus vouches the quantity or weight and the condition. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 45 The invoice should then be compared with the order, to ascertain that the particulars are in accordance therewith ; after which the money calculations should be checked, and the invoice initialled by the clerk in charge of it. It should then have the serial number endorsed on it, and be forthwith entered in the Invoice Book. If this plan be strictly followed out, errors or manipulations become very difficult of execution. In regard to falsification of books, the saying is emphatically true, that ft prevention is better than cure "; in fact, it may be doubted whether, as a rule, any cure is possible. The best confirmation of the entries in this division lies in detailed checking of the invoices ; but in making tests, care must be used to mark the invoices inspected, in order that the same may not be used twice over as vouchers by a dishonest bookkeeper. 6. CASH. Cash Received. The most difficult thing generally in check- ing and auditing is to ascertain that all cash received is properly accounted for. One help in this direction is the employment of counterfoil receipt books, with a strict rule to ensure their being always used. Another point is that all cash received, of whatever nature, should be paid into the bank without any deduction on the same or following day. A further matter is the detailed com- parison of the Paying-in Book with the Cash Received Book, by which means frauds have on several occasions been traced, it being discovered that cheques had been received in settlement of customers' accounts but not entered in the Cash Book ; the cheques, however, were paid into the bank and a corresponding amount of cash extracted from the till. The examination of the Paying-in Book practically makes these irregular entries impossible, whilst another risk to the defaulting cashier is the constant inspection of the outstanding Ledger Accounts in order to see that application is made for those which, according to the Ledger, are overdue, thus probably exposing any omission to account for cash which may have been collected but not credited to customers' accounts. It is sometimes arranged for the auditors, when the monthly or quarterly statements have been prepared, to attend and verify same by the books, see that they are correctly addressed, and seal and post them. This plan may with 46 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. advantage be adopted by the manager at times, but for obvious reasons care must be taken that any replies which may be received fall into the proper hands. Sometimes, however, debts which have been collected but not accounted for are sought to be concealed by inserting a credit in the Ledger Account as "bad debt" or " allowance." Against this, of course, a debit is needed to maintain the balance of the books, and such debit is often to be found in one of the Impersonal Accounts as previously explained ; but here, again, the sectional balancing prevents any such manipulation, practically the only loophole in this department being the commis- sions allowed, which, as before suggested, should be particularly scrutinised from time to time. It may be here mentioned that, of course, no debts should be suffered to be "written off" without special instructions from the manager. It is, perhaps, a good rule that bad debts and special allowances to balance accounts should be dealt with only at stated times and upon a written list furnished to the ledger clerk by the manager. Payments. Vouchers should be arranged and numbered in serial order for all payments. The vouchers for Salaries and Wages, however, form a subsidiary set, as the entries do not appear in detail in the General Cash Book. In vouching the Salaries and Wages it must, of course, be ascertained, as far as possible, that all the amounts are properly payable, and in the case of large offices, that no bogus names are inserted by the person entrusted with the payment, for the purpose of putting money into his own pocket. Receipted dockets should be obtained from each man, and where possible, the wages should be paid direct to the staff by the cashier, or by someone other than the person who certifies the amount due. The Petty Cash Book requires constant scrutiny, in order that the items may be approved as proper payments whilst they are fresh in mind. The analysis of the expenditure into as many heads as possible helps to prevent any undue inflation of expenses, but the Petty Cash is a department which needs continuous supervision. The Postage Book may be proved to a certain extent, for instance, with regard to the number of copies sent out to subscribers, as shown by the Subscribers' Order Book. It is also well to have the correctness of the entries certified by a second clerk, who may check off the letters when ready for posting, and initial the Postage Book. CHAPTEE IX. ADAPTATION OF THE SYSTEM TO NEWSPAPERS OF SMALL CIRCULATION. "PXCEPT in relation to papers having an extremely small circula- 1^ tion, it is submitted that the complete set of books as explained in the foregoing Chapters will usually be found the most suitable, although prima facie it may appear to be too elaborate for the requirements of the smaller offices. The routine of a newspaper office necessarily involves very much detail with regard to the bookkeeping, and some kind of book has to be kept for the separate record of the transactions of each department. The book in use is perhaps called a Rough Book (often very appropriately), and probably, in nine cases out of ten, as much labour is expended upon it as would suffice for making proper entries. For the benefit, how- ever, of those who may wish to use a smaller set of books, the following abridged list is given : Sales. 1. Order Book (same ruling as in Appendix A). 2. Day Book do. 3. Ledger do. 4. Cash Sales Book do. 5. Subscription Order Book do. 6. Subscription Ledger do. Advertisements. 7. Order Book do. 8. Day Book do. 9. Ledger do. Purchases and Expenses. 10. Invoice Book (modified ruling as in Appendix B). 11. Invoice Ledger (same ,, ,, A). 12. Paper Book ( A). Note. The ruling can easily be adapted to "ream" measurements, if necessary, by slight alterations in the headings. 48 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. Cash. 13. Cash Book (modified ruling as in Appendix B). 14. Petty Cash and Postage Book (modified ruling as in Appendix B). Private Accounts. 15. General Ledger (same ruling as in Appendix A). 16. Private Ledger ( ,, ,, A). The under-mentioned are the books included in Appendix A, which are here omitted, with the reasons for their omission : BOOKS OMITTED. Sales Returns Book. The entries may he made in a space reserved at the end of the Sales Day Book. Back Numbers Sales Book. These sales may he recorded in the Cash Sales Book. Sundries Day Book and Ledger. The entries may be included in Sales Day Book, and posted to Sales Ledger. Distribution Register. In the case of a small paper, the quantities may be so arranged in the Sales Day Book as to show the agreement of the distribution of copies with the number printed. For this purpose, how- ever, the quantities of free and waste copies require to be brought in (in the quantities column) before closing the Day Book. Stock Register. In the circumstances now assumed, it would not be worth while to keep a separate book for the "waste " stock. Contributors' Register and Ledger. The entries for this department, if they are few in number, may be provided for by an extra analysis column in the Invoice Book, called "Contributions"; and, in that case, the items would, of course, be posted from the Invoice Book to the Invoice Ledger; so that the Contributors' Register and Ledger would be unnecessary. Cash Received Book. This book is merged in the altered ruling of the Cash Book. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 49 Salaries and Wages Book. The Salaries and Wages would be summarised and entered in the General Cash Book, in the event of a separate book not being used. The following are the books which are modified in form to apply to the circumstances of small issues : BOOKS MODIFIED IN FORM. Invoice Book. The ruling of this book is given in Appendix B, and will not need further explanation. The columns are reduced in number as compared with the form in Appendix A, but the principle of the book is the same, and also the mode in which it is written up and posted. The alternative, in the event of a columnar Invoice Book not being adopted, is the employment of an ordinary Journal ; but it is believed that the former is simpler and more effective than the latter for every- day use. Cash Book. Even with this abridged system, the sectional balancing may with advantage be observed as regards the cash received ; but, perhaps, in most cases, it is not worth while to retain it on the payment side. Under the ruling given in Appendix B, therefore, every payment needs to be separately posted to the Personal or Impersonal Account to which it belongs. In this case it is very desirable to show in the Cash Book a full summary of the salaries and wages paid, and the different departments to which they belong. Petty Cash and Postage Book. These two books are amalgamated under the abridged system, and the analysis columns reduced in number. The petty cash payments will be entered in this book in detail ; but it will be preferable to have a separate Memo. Postage Book, bringing only the totals into the Petty Cash Book daily or weekly. In instances where the newspaper is not published by the proprietor, but by a separate firm of publishers, the special books 50 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. relating to sales will not be required. In the same way, other modifications in the system may, in any particular office, become necessary ; as, for example, if it should happen that the paper is printed " outside." For these reasons a special form of Trading Account is not set out in Appendix B ; but the form in Appendix A may, without any trouble, be adapted, as it includes all the items which usually arise ; and it will, therefore, be only a question of omitting such as are not needed, and amalgamating others which do not require stating separately. CHAPTER X. ADAPTATION OF THE SYSTEM TO EVENING PAPERS. THE set of books and the system generally which have been described in Chapters 1. to VIII. apply equally to the case of evening papers, except that six additional books are, in the case of London papers, usually required, viz. : 1. Bookstalls Order Book. 2. Do. Sales do. 3. Cart Book (Cash Sales). 4. Street Sales Book. 5. Cartmen's Wages Book. 6. Street Sellers' Wages Book. Besides these extra books, it is necessary to have additional columns in the Cash Sales Book, to provide for the various editions of each issue separately. Rulings of these books (with specimen entries) will be found set out in Appendix C, subject to the following explanations : 1. BOOKSTALLS ORDER BOOK. To meet the requirements of the evening papers which supply the copies to the railway bookstalls direct, it is necessary to have a special form of Order Book, as shown in Appendix C. This is ruled with five detail columns (one for each edition) and a column for the daily total for each station. A list of the stations is printed in the book, and the quantity of each edition forwarded is inserted against the names. The daily total is then made up and transferred into the Bookstalls Sales Book. It will, of course, be understood that in actual transactions the number of stations is very much larger than in the specimen entries in Appendix C, the latter containing only a selection for purposes of illustration. 52 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 2. BOOKSTALLS SALES BOOK. This is arranged upon the same plan as the Order Book, except that, instead of the five "edition" columns there are six detail columns, one for each working day of the week. The totals of each station are brought into this book daily from the Order Book, and upon being added together laterally at the end of each week give the total quantity supplied to each station weekly. The addition of the total column gives the gross number of copies for- warded each week, which figure is transferred into the Day Book. An alternative method is to transfer the daily totals direct from the Order Book into the Day Book and dispense with the Sales Book, but as the latter affords the means of collecting the figures in the form in which they have to be rendered to the customer, it is, perhaps, on the whole the preferable way of dealing with the matter. The distinction between Order Book, Sales Book, and Day Book is a somewhat arbitrary one, but the respective names given are thought to be convenient for the purpose, one recommen- dation, at any rate, being the brevity of the titles. 3. CART BOOK (CASH SALES). The specimen form in Appendix C provides for recording the quantities taken out and returned by cartmen, and those actually sold, together with the money value of the latter. It is the custom with some offices to allow a certain amount of credit to the cartmen as against credit which they give to people on their rounds. These Cartmen's Accounts are settled weekly on wages day, and mean- while the actual sales are debited to them in the Cart Book, whilst in another column the cash which they pay in daily is shown, the arrears (if any) being carried forward in the arrears column from day to day until the end of the week. The totals from this book are transferred daily into the Cash Sales Book, as shown in the specimen entries in Appendix C. LSTREETSELLERS' BOOK. The same ruling as for the Cart Book serves the purpose of this book, and the entries are made in the same way, the only NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 53 difference being that it relates to a different class of men, viz., those who sell the papers retail in the streets. This refers, of course, only to men who are in the regular employ of the office whose paper they sell. It has lately become the custom for certain of the evening newspapers to employ a small army of street- sellers, the particulars of whose transactions, therefore, require special treatment in the books. The men are sometimes allowed to leave over the payment for a portion of the papers until pay-day (i.e. to practically receive payment on account of their wages), hence the necessity for the " arrears " column. The daily totals of this book are transferred into the Cash Sales Book, in the same way as those of the Cart Book. 5. CARTMEN'S WAGES. This is a separate book for recording, first, the Wages due to each cartman ; second, the amount due from each man for arrears on sales, as shown in the Cart Book ; and, third, the amount of difference between the two preceding columns, so as to agree the cash actually handed to the employes. 6. STREET SELLERS' WAGES. A similar book to the Cartmen's Wages Book, but with additional columns for recording each man's daily attendance in order to meet the case of men who are taken on during the week, the wage being generally a daily one. 7. CASH SALES BOOK. In order that the modified ruling of this book, as compared with the Cash Sales Book, explained in Chapter II., may be clearly seen, a specimen is given in Appendix C. This shows the way in which the various editions are entered, and the addition of the cart sales and street sales at the end of each day. CHAPTER XI. ADAPTATION OF THE SYSTEM TO WEEKLY PAPERS. meet the requirements of weekly papers most of the forms for daily papers are readily adaptable. In the case of hooks designed to run for one month, all that is necessary is to reduce the 27 "daily" columns to five "weekly " columns, or if accounts are ren- dered quarterly the rulings may be made to run for three months by having 13 columns on each opening. Where, however, it is the practice to deal with monthly figures in the private accounts, the totals must, of course, be struck monthly in the subsidiary books, and, generally speaking, it is of advantage to post up the private books at least once a month. The forms already given may, therefore, be taken as applicable, subject to the under-mentioned points, either the complete set of books in Appendix A or the modified list set out in Chapter IX. being adopted, according to circumstances. SUBSCRIPTION ORDER BOOK. This may advantageously be ruled with 27 detail columns, so as to cause a rest to be made only at the end of each half-year, that is, assuming that a Balance Sheet is taken only half-yearly. The clerical work of apportioning the subscriptions is considerable, and it is, as a rule, not worth while to prepare an exact account except for the purpose of a Balance Sheet. It is, therefore, advisable to arrange the Subscription Book to run for the whole period, if possible. DISTRIBUTION REGISTER. This will contain the transactions of a half-year on an opening, in place of a month only as is the case with daily papers. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 55 CONTRIBUTORS' REGISTERS. For the high-class weekly papers, which keep a stock of articles on hand, it is advisable that the Eegister shall show the actual cost of the contributions to each number, and for this purpose a special form is necessary. This is arranged in quarterly openings. The left-hand page contains the usual particulars of the purchase of all contributions, and the right-hand page shows the appropriation of each article to the particular number wherein it is used, or if not used during th3 current period, it is extended into the " stock" column at the end, to be carried forward to the next period. This " stock" column, however, must be strictly watched to see that it contains only such contributions as are really of value for use during the ensuing period, and all articles which are not intended to be used should be written off to expenses as "waste" contributions, and not carried forward as stock. Seeing that the pictures which appear in the weekly illustrated papers form a large item in the cost of production, it is desirable to keep a separate Eegister for recording their purchase and con- sumption. The Registers may be respectively called Contributors' Register Literature, Do. Art. A specimen ruling is given in Appendix D, which will apply for either of these purposes. The " purchases" column should be totalled and transferred into the General Ledger monthly, but the analysis columns may conveniently be carried on to the end of each quarter, so as to avoid too frequent re-entry of the stock on hand. APPENDIX A. Specimen set of Books, containing entries representing transactions for the Half-year ending 30 June i8 95 . CONTENTS OF APPENDIX A. Fo. OR No. PAGES SALES. Order Book 1 62-63 Day Book ... 2 66-68 Returns Book 3 70-71 Ledger 4 to 12 74-76 Cash Sales Book 13 78-79 Back Nos. Sales Book 14 82-83 Subscription Order Book ... 15 86-87 do. Ledger 16 90-91 Sundries Day Book... 17 94-95 do. Ledger 18 to 22 98 Distribution Register 23 100 Stock Register 24 102 ADVERTISEMENTS. Order Book ... 25 104-105 Day Book 26 108-109 Ledger 27 to 43 112-115 CONTRIBUTIONS. Register (Litera- ture) 44 : 118 Register (News) ... 45 120 Ledger ... 46 to 60 122-124 PURCHASES & EXPENSES. Invoice Book 61 126-129 Invoice Ledger... 62 to 85 132-135 Paper Book 86 138 CASH. Cash Received Book 87 140-147 Cash Book ... 88 150-155 Salaries and Wages Book ... 89 158-159 Petty Cash Book 90 162-163 Postage Book 91 166 PRIVATE BOOKS. General Ledger... 92 to 133 168-182 Private Ledger .. 134 to 141 184-189 SALES ORDER BOOK 62 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. JANUARY Agent's Name and Address ISt 2nd 3rd 4 th 5 th 6th 7 th 8th gth i oth nth I2th i3th i4th 1 5th Brown, E. H., Dorking 205 205 205 205 208 205 205 205 205 205 208 205 205 Green, T. P., 154 154 154 154 158 154 154 154 154 i54 158 165 165 Clerkenwell Peel, J., Camberwell 117 117 117 117 130 117 117 117 in in 124 in in Clarke, C., Newington 13 13 13 13 I 3 .- 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 J 3 Wight, C., Harrow . . 4 40 40 4 25 .. 40 40 40 40 40 2 5 40 40 Jones and Smith, Whitechapel 160 1 60 i Go 160 160 160 1 60 1 60 160 1 60 1 60 1 60 160 Williams and Moist, 201 201 203 203 209 209 210 210 210 210 210 208 208 Ilford Earl, P. M., 247 247 247 247 247 247 247 247 247 221 221 221 221 Charing Cross Sundry Persons 17,898 18,652 18,543 17,621 19.152 " * 17,119 17,263 17,897 19,168 18,163 20,207 17,340 18,169 19.035 19,789 19,682 18,760 20,302 18,264 18,409 19,043 20,308 19,277 21,326 18,463 19,292 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 63 1895. (1) 1 6th iyth iSth igth 20tll 2ISt 22Ild 23td 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 1 29th soth 3ist Total Day Book Folio. 205 205 205 208 205 205 205 205 205 208 205 205 205 205 5,547 2 165 165 165 170 .. I6 5 165 165 165 165 170 .. 165 165 I6 5 165 4,352 2 in in 1 in 124 III III III in III 124 in in III in 3,097 2 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 35i 2 40 160 40 160 40 25 160 160 4 160 40 160 40 160 40 160 4 1 60 25 1 60 40 160 40 160 40 160 40 160 1,020 4,320 2 2 208 208 208 208 208 208 214 210 216 210 .. 114 108 108 108 5,228 2 221 221 221 221 .. 221 221 221 221 221 221 .. 221 221 221 221 6,201 2 18,212 18,342 17,109 2O,5II 18,142 17,763 18,341 l8,IO7 17,777 19,567 - 18,207 17,105 17,206 I,35I 491,932 2 19-335 19,465 18,232 21,640 19,265 18,886 10,470 19,232 18,908 20,698 19,236 18,128 18,229 19,374 522,048 j 1 SALES DAY BOOK 6 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. JANUARY 1895. Particulars M Name. 1 3| Copies Quires ~o"o' Amount M. T. W. Th. F. S. '* j fe . s cl Brown, E. H. . 205 205 205 205 208 1,028 205 205 205 205 205 208 1,233 205 205 205 205 205 208 1,233 205 205 205 205 205 208 1,233 205 205 205 205 .. 820 213 9 4 ib o o Green, T. P. . . 154 154 154 154 1 158 774 ''54 165 154 165 154 165 154 165 154 158 165 170 928 995 165 165 165 165 165! 170 995 165 165 165 165 660 167 10 5 12 II I Peel,J. .. 117 117 117 117 130 598 117 117 117 in in 124 6gi in in III in in 124 679 in in III in in 124 6/9 in in III in 444 119 3 6 8 19 4 Clarke, C. .. 13 3 3 13 13 65 13 I; 3 -- 13 13 78 13 I; 3 3 13 I- 7^ 13 1; 3 3 13 13 78 i~- 13 3 3 52 13 13 7 i o 3 Wight, C. 40 40 40 40 25 185 40 40 40 40 40 25 225 40 40 40 40 40 25 225 40 40 40 40 40 25 225 40 40 40 40 1 60 39 6 8 2 19 2 Jones and Smith "160 160 160 160 160 1 60 160 160 160 160 160 800 960 160 160 160 160 160 160 960 160 160 1 60 160 160 1 60 1 60 160 160 160 e 1 66 4 9 12 9 9 Williams and Mois 201 201 203 203 209 1,017 209 2IO 210 210 2IO 210 1,259 208 208 S 208 214 208 210 208 216 208 210 ii 114 1 08 1 08 1 08 438 2OI 2 10 15 i 7 Karl, P. M. .. 247 247 247 247 247 1,235 247 247 247 247 221 221 1-430 221 221 221 221 221 221 1,326 221 221 221 221 221 221 1,326 221 221 221 221 .. 2 3 8 13 ii 17 17 9 Sundry Persons 17,119 17,898 17,263 18,652 17,897 18,543 19,168 17,621 19,152 18,163 2O,207 17,340 18,142 18,169 17,763 l8,2I2 18,341 18,342 l8,I07 I7,IO9 20,511 17,777! 19,567 18,207 17,105 17,206 18,351 491,932 l8,920 12 12 1,428 2 8 . 75,228 93,750 95,866 98,061 75,177 83,966 5221048 2O,078 2O i,5i5 i 7 Less Returns for January as per Sales Returns Book 3 304 18 ii 1,210 2 8 G. L. 92 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 67 FEBRUARY 1895. Name Particulars PQ.o Copies Quires Is 3* 12 3 Amount M. T. W. Th. F. S. Sundry persons Less Ret 470,614 i8,iooj 14 s d 1,360 O 2 256 o i urns for February as per Returns Book 1,104 o i G. L. 92 MARCH 1895. (*) Sundry persons ' 488 077 1 8 772 s d Less Returns for March as per Returns Book . , . 3 234 19 6 '1,187 6 2 G. L. APRIL 1895. (*) Sundry persons! 503,468 19,364 4 Less Returns for April as per Returns Book .. s d 298 i 7 1,200 i 6 a^ G. L. 92 68 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. MAY 1895. Name M. T. Parti W. sulars & ti'o T Copies guii i s, 097 es & Amount Th. F. S. Sundry persons Less Ret 470,523 i 12 s d 1.358 7 it 267 7 2 urns fc r May as per Retur ns Boo k 1,091 o 9 G. L 92 JUNE 1895. Sundry persons Less Ret 485,708 18,681 2 12 3 s d 1,416 9 o 246 i ii urns fo r June as per Retur is Boo k .. 1,170 7 i G.L. SALES RETURNS BOOK 70 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. JANUARY 1895. (5) U -^ Date Agent's Name and Address Copies Quire s 3* Amount Jan. 2 Brown, E. H., Dorking 260 10 4 s d J 5 o 4 Peel, J., Camberwell 169 6 13 6 9 9 6 Williams and Moist, Ilford 1,768 68 10 520 8 9 Earl, P. M., Charing Cross Green, T. P., Clerkenwell 416 1,170 16 45 o ii i 4 o 376 16 18 Wight, C.. Harrow Jones and Smith, Whitechapel 234 1,612 6? 9 13 6 4 13 o 2 Sundry persons (Sundry) 7,700 296 4 12 24 4 o 9 do. do. 19,100 734 16 ,, 58 2 6 16 do. do. 22,100 850 o 63 15 23 do. do. 22,789 876 is 65 H 9 30 do. do. 25.532 982 '. 76 17 ii 102,850 3.955 20 304 18 ii FEBRUARY 1895. (3) Feb. i -28 Sundry persons (Sundiy) S,454 3,402 D. B. MARCH 1895. (3) Mar i -3 1 Sundry persons (Sundry) 81,138 3,120 18 12 s 234 19 d 6 . D. B. 2 UNIVERSITY OF NEWSPAPEB ACCOUNTS. 71 APRIL 1895. (3) Date Agent's Name and Address Copies y Quires go Amount Apl. 1-30 Sundry persons (Sundry) 102,985 3,960 25 ! 12 s d 298 i ^ D.R.2 MAY 1895. Mayi-3i Sundry persons (Sundry) 92,589 3.56i 3 12 s d 267 7 2 75. /?. 2 JUNE 1895. Jun. 1-30 Sundry persons (Sundry) 85,352 3,282 20 12 s d 246 i ii D.B.8 SALES LEDGER INDEX BROWN, E. H. CLARKE, C. EARL, P. M. GREEN, T. P. JONES & SMITH PEEL, J. ... WIGHT, C. WILLIAMS & MOIST SUNDRY PERSONS Fo. 4 7 11 5 9 6 8 10 12 74 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. B. H. BROWN. 1895 Jan. i Ian. Dates S.2? 8 Ouires (total) Bala 7/1 1 12 nee 14/18 19 21/25 26 28/31 205 208 i So 213 13 9 393 22 Amount. Date Particulars J i Quires u s d 13 13 9 1895 Jan. 2 By Returns 260 10 o .. i Cash .. .. 1 80 13 16 o o Feb. 22 ., ... ... 203 9 2913 9 393 22 Amount s d o 15 o 13 13 9 15 5 o 29 13 g T. P. GREEN. 1895 an. i an. To Bala i/4 7/i i nee 154 152 (. sd ii.n. ii 80 1895 Jan. 9 Feb. 2 By Returns . . 1,170 Cash .. .. 45 152 87 \ri ii 8 o 5 J 2 Mar. ii // // .... 122 10 9 3 7 14/18 21/2V.) 12 ( s u , Ip 1 y d s c o i t i i u c d Fitch, K. . . Broad St., , Reading 78/78 I I i i i i i i i I I] I I I I I l| I l| 1 I 1 I I I '! i i! i i i i i i Gibbons, T. Rued'sChmps | ! Elysees, Paris 78/312 i; i j i r i i i i I i j i i i ! i i i i i i 1 j I: I J 1 i j I'* i| i| i i i i Hirsch, 1 10 Broad way, | , ( j B. L. Baling 154 ij I i I i i i i i i I I| 1 ' 'I ' i { 1 1 i i t! i i I I i i i i: i i i ' i i; 1 Inglis, I. .. The Mall, Eastbourne! 83 I 1 i j I I I; I, 1 II l| 1 i ij i i i i i i i i i i 1 I i i i i i i i j i Kemp, Tooting | G. W. Br'dway S.W. Lambert, {94 Church St., O. P.! Liverpool Maine, A. . . The Manse, . 105 10 I II 1 I I I 1 i i i i i I I I i i 1 E X i P ir e d - n r e , 1 1) I e i V i! i e d i Fakenham 76 J i l i I I I I 1 I il i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 i i j I I i j i 1 i Nairn, S. . . George Hotel, Torquay! 161 1 I I I 1 I I I I I II II il l i i i i ii i i i i I i i i i i j ii i 1 1 Oliver, X... St. Mary's Rd.,Dereham 78 1 I i I I 1 I I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i I i I i i i I Payne, W... P. O., Bury i St. Edmunds 26 1 . . i i i i .... Redford, S. The Promen- ade, Hastings 156 1 I I I ^ 1 ^ i I ' i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i j i I i I i i I I Thomas, M. 15 Broad St., i Vernier, O. Aylesbury 163 Park View, I 1 1 1 I 1 1 li I 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i j i I i i i i i l I i 1 1 Hertford 218 j i i I I I i 1 I i I i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i J I I I 1 Waters, A. The Wold, Boston 234 I i i I I i il i i j j i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i I i : i I I Young, B... Market Hotel Sundry Stamford 159 i I I i i 1 4. i i i i i i i i 1 1 I i i persons (Sundry) SKI do. do. (Dr.) 2640 | (6>.) 121665 (Dr.) 2808 NEWSPAPEB ACCOUNTS. 87 31sT MARCH 1895. February March M'O i 78 , 7SJ 27 lOi I I I I i I j j I T [ I J I Ij I i I I I \ j , j i J I i i i , i j I ) I i j i J J , T 78 (Dr. 2) I I i i i I I I I I 1 I I' I i I I I I ii i I i I I j ill i i I I I I i I i I I i i 78 83 I I 1 I I 1 i 1 I I I I I I I I i I 1 I I i I 1 1 1 1 1 i i i T i I I I I T I i 1 1 i i T 78 13 13 I I I I j i I I I I I I I I ! I i I I I , 1 i I i I I I i i I i I I 1 I I I 1 1 , i 78 78 I I I I I i i I I I 1 I I I I I i I I i i i i I i I I I i i I i I I I I I I i I I i I 78 85 I I I I I i i I I I I I I I I I i I I i i i I I i I I r i i I i I ' ' I I I i I I i I 7 8 140 I I I i , I I I 1 I I I i r i I I i i . i I i I I i i i I i I I ' I I I i I I i I 78 156 I I I I i I I I I I I I I I i i i I I i i I I i I I i i i I i I I I I I I i I I i I .... 78 81 i 1 38533 79840 1 (Dr. ) 2861 40152 (Cr.) 81580 (/>>. ) 2863 | i" SUBSCRIPTION LEDGER 90 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (16) QUARTER KNDINO 31s? MARCH 1895. Dr. Name Particulars Dr. Balances brought forward Current Proportion % | Amount ^ Amount o U Alexander, J. L Anglo-Indian Chili Arton, W. D s d 19 6 i 6 \\ i- i f> % 78 78 78 36 "^8 78 78 78 10 78 /8 7 3 % 78 78 38,533 d 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 6 3 9 9 9 9 6 o 9 9 13 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 i 7* 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 245 ' 7 to Blackman, E. P Beaumont, E.G. Beddington, P. W. Renewed ist January 1895 156 Currie, W Dodge, P Earl, J 36 copies, i3th Feb. to 26th March inclusive Written oft " Bad," 3ist March 1895 . . ;; M Fitch, K Gibbons, T Hirsch, B. L. Inglis, I. Kemp, G. W. Lambert, O. P Maine, A Nairn, S. . . Expired nth January, and not renewed Oliver, X. .. Payne, W Redford, S Thomas, M. Venner, O Saturdays only Waters, A Young, B. . . Sundry persons (Falling under the alphabetical classifica- 1 tion as above > 2,640 2,808 18 2 6 40,152 25 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. 91 Cr. (16) Cr. Balances carried forward Total Cr. Balances brought forward Cash Received Dr. Balances carried forward Total 1 8 1 OJ - a Amount 'S Amount 'EL Amount i ess Amount 'S. Amount a Amount o U o U o CJ 5 cj o U c3 * d s d s d s d s d s d "3 14 *4 191 i 3 ioi 191 i 3 ioi 191 i 3 ioi 78 9 9 156 19 6 156; 19 6 156 19 6 78 9 9 78, 9 9 /s 9 9 "78 9 y 312 i 19 o ' '312 87 i 19 o 312 i 19 o 156 I 12 6 234 289 '234 2 '8 9 234 289 14 i 9 92 ii 6 12 I 6 "80 87 10 92 ii 6 167 i o ioA 245 i 10 74 245 i 10 74 245 i 10 7^ 36 6 o . . j "36 87 'e o 36 6 o" .. 12 i 6 Writ 12 ten oft 1 i 6J 12 i 6 78 9 9 156 19 6 78 9 9 78 87 9 9 156 19 6 312 350 390 3 18 o 78 13 o 312 87 350 390 3 18 o 76 9 6 19 3 154 19 3 154 19 3 5 74 '3 10 4* 83 10 44 ''. 83 10 4i 27 3 44 105 13 i| 105 13 ij .. 105 13 i4 IO 1 3 10 i 3 . . IO i 3 78 9 9 76 9 6 .. 2 3 78 9 9 83 10 4i 161 I O lA 161 i o 14 161 i o 14 78 9 9" 78 9 9~ 78 9 9 13 'i 74 26 3 3 26 3 3 26 3 3 78 85 9 9 10 74 156 163 19 6 i o 4i 156 163 19 6 I 4 i 156 163 19 6 i o 44 140 17 6 218 i 7 3 1 7 3 218 i 7 3 156 19 6 234 i 9 3 234 ^ 9 3 234 i 9 3 81 10 l| 159 19 104 159 19 104 159 19 ioi ,87 93 i 9 1 79,840 505 3 6 121013 767 12 64 72,518 463 4 i4 45,634 " 97 8 2- 2,861 18 19 ii 121013 767 12 64 1 94 18 7) Writ ten off i 61 GL95 81,580 518 o o 124540 792 3 8 75,213 481 3 9 46,452 291 18 3 2,863 19 o 2 j 124540 792 3 8 84,420 534 8 7 127667 814 2 81,580 518 o o 42,769 42,769 ,8; i ;; 82 8 I 1 89 3 2f ioi 10 5 ' 3,3i8 3,3i8 23 o 4 12/667 814 2 84,4^0 534 8 7 127667 814 2 O _^___ 81,580 _ 518 o o 273 i 8 ______ 23 o 4 127667 814 2 ^^MMM : SUNDRIES DAY BOOK 94 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. JANUARY 1895. (17) Analysis Date Name and Particulars 1895 Jan. 3 21 31 Johnson, S. 5 Tons Waste at Go/-.. Johnson, S. 10 Tons Waste at 6o/-. . Thomas, P. Permission to repro- duce portraits of University Crews . . Smithson, J. i Electro, 7^ by 4^ Peek & Co. 5,000 Reprints- Article on School Board (Sundry Persons) (Sundry Items) 1 8 20 22 Amount Drawings, Blocks, &c. Waste Sundry s d 15 o u * d * d 15 o o s d 30 u o 30 u o 2 10 2 10 i 4 6 146 I I O .. .. I J 71 i 6 14 I O 15 IO 6 ; 41 IO U 120 17 o M ^ - , i7 15 6 60 10 6 I 42 ii o G.L.'J6 G.L.S6 0. L. 'J6 FEBKUAKY 18'J5. (17) Feb. 1/28 (Sundry Persons) (Sundry Items) 22 s d iu; 6 o s d i.5 o s d 26 6 10 s d 67 II 2 107 6 o 13 8 o 26 6 10 6 7 II 2 G. L. 96 G. L. UG G.L. G. L. .% G. 7,. Ofi MAY 1895. (17) May 1/31 (Sundry Persons) (Sundry Items) 22 s d 109 8 9 s d 19 2 3 s d 27 i fi s d <>3 5 o 109 8 9 /Ji9 2 3 G. L. 9C> 27 i 6 63 5 o G. L. 9C, G. L. 9C> JUNE 1895. (17) June 1/30 (Sundry Persons) (Sundry Items) 22 s d 122 18 II s d 13 15 s d 3i 4 5 s d 77 19 f> 122 18 ii T 3 1 5 31 4 5 /7 19 6 G. I,. 96 G. L. 9C> G. L. 9G SUNDRIES LEDGER INDEX Fo. JOHNSON, S. 18 PEEK & Co. ... ... 21 SMITHSON, J. .... ... ... 20 THOMAS, P. ... ... 19 SUNDKY PERSONS 22 98 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. S. JOHNSON (18) 1895 * d 1895 s d Jan. i M 3 To Balance . . ,, 5 Tons Waste.. B.D. 15 o o 17 ! 15 o o Jan 15 Feb 13 By Cash 87 15 o o n 45 ,, 10 >. I0 i 30 o o 60 o o I 60 o o P. THOMAS (19) 1895 s d 1895 s d Jan. i 15 To Balance . . Permission to B.D 7 2 8 Mar i June 30 By Cash Balance . . 87 C.D. 7 2 8 2 10 reproduce | portraits of \- 17 2 10 University i Crews 9 12 8 9 12 8 June 20 To Balance B D. 2 10 o J. SMITHSON (20) 1895 Jan. 17 To i Electro i? s d i 4 6 1895 Feb 21 By Cash 87 s d i 4 6 i 4 6 146 ____ PEEK & Co. (21) 1895 Jan. i 19 To Balance 5,000 Reprints B.F. 17 s d 3 2 6 I I 4 3 6 1895 Feb. 21 By Cash 87 s d 4 3 6 4 3 6 SUNDRY PERSONS (22) 1895 Jan. i 21/31 Feb. 1/28 Mar 1/31 Apr.i/30 Mayi/3i Jne. 1/31 June 30 To Balances Sundry items do do do do do To Balance B.D. IT: B.D. s d 19 17 5 71 i 6 107 6 o 119 2 9 123 4 o 109 8 9 122 l8 II 672 19 4 1895 Jan. 1/31 Feb.i/2* Mar 1/3 Apr.i/3c Mayi/3] Jne. i/ac June 30 By Cash Discount Cash Discount > Cash > Balance 87 C.D. s d 64 2 122 6 7 124 9 10 6 ii o 94 8 6 93 4 10 4 18 o "5 5 o 47 15 5 672 19 4 47 15 5 DISTRIBUTION REGISTER 100 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. JANUARY 1895. Copies Printed. Copies Distributed. Deficit w (if any) Date. Quantity Credit Sales Cash Sales 1 1 Jrc* Free Waste Unsold Total CJ i 1895 Jan i 31,292 19-035 8,511 1,686 499 161 540 840 31,272 20 2 19,789 7,282 1,510 161 580 410 30,233 2 3 30^828 19,682 8,3H 1,605 502 163 529 30,795 33 4 29,530 18,760 7,812 1,558 498 161 592 108 29,489 5 29,060 20,302 6,482 885 500 162 610 no 29,051 9 7 30,615 18,264 9,788 1,260 499 162 304 332 30,609 6 8 29,796 18,409 8,614 1,180 497 163 382 549 29,794 2 9 31,270 19,043 8,608 1,627 498 162 208 1,030 31,176 94 10 20,308 7,650 i,5" 169 281 Bzo 31,230 no n 3i,396 19,277 8,788 i,592 502 187 479 564 31,389 7 12 32,747 21,326 8,341 1,569 500 170 512 32,736 ii 14 28,685 18,463 7,467 1,407 500 171 203 468 28,679 6 15 32,987 19,292 10,720 1,882 499 173 212 204 32,982 5 16 33,096 34,624 19-335 19,465 10,651 11,927 1,850 2,037 499 498 363 182 164 33,o6i 34,6i7 35 7 18 32,437 18,232 10,564 1,834 497 172 501 629 32,429 8 19 36,475 21,640 10,873 1,812 174 518 832 36,350 125 21 33,282 19-265 10,678 1.956 499 164 392 319 33,273 9 22 34,062 18,886 ",439 2,141 502 181 463 432 34,044 18 23 34,872 19.470 11,650 2,175 502 161 424 475 34,857 15 24 19,232 13,424 2,875 498 161 417 202 36,809 6 25 36.723 18,908 13,4/0 2,918 499 162 361 373 36,691 32 26 35.119 20,698 io,579 2,280 499 164 322 519 35-o6i 58 28 33,949 19,236 10,700 2,396 501 169 342 33,862 87 29 33,350 18,128 11,338 2,486 507 169 332 33,34i 9 30 34,930 18,229 12,569 2,530 507 164 341 579 34,919 ii 31 36,197 19-374 13,032 2,644 497 165 210 261 36,183 14 885.712 522,048 271,271 __^_^. 51,206 13,502 4,497 io,975 11,433 884,932 780 FEBRUARY 1895. 849.579 470,614 269,325 67,878 13,221 4,120 11,242 11,975 848,375 1,204 MARCH 1895. Mar. 1/31 870,255 488,077 274,346 65,478 13-429 4,295 ",458 12,340 869,423 832 APRIL 1895. Apl. 1/30 898,761 503,468 280,093 280,093 72,750 13,530 4,320 10,870 12,809 897,840 921 MAY 1895. May 1/31 869,682 470,523 285,016 73,133 13,613 4,3io I 10,775 ' 11.304 ~l"~" JUNE 1895. 868,674 i, 008 June 1/30 884,028 485,708 285,573 72,770 I 13,241 4,516 11,203 i 10,283 883,294 734 STOCK REGISTER 102 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. HALF-YEAR TO 30TH JUNE 1895. Date Particulars c rt Weight Date Particulars s C rt Weight 1895 Jan. i Jan. 1/30 Stock on hand . Changes . . 51,206 T c q 13 3 o 1895 Jan. 3 IO Waste sold do. T c q 500 IO O O Waste 10,975 21/31 do. 500 Unsold . . 11,433 Returns . . 102,850 i/3i Back No.'s sold . . 9,393 10 I 176,464 9 12 ^^^= Feb. 1/28 Waste sold 900 Feb. 1/28 Changes 67,878 Back No.'s sold . . 9,988 10 3 Waste 11,242 Unsold 11,975 Returns 8833 Mar. i/3i Waste sold 179,549 9 15 2 Back No.'s sold . . 10,702 ii i Mar. 1/31 Changes Waste 65,478 April 1/30 Waste sold 10 5 o Unsold 12,340 Back No.'s sold . . 8,812 9 2 Returns 81,138 170,414 980 May 1/31 Waste sold 9 10 o ^^^^^^ Back No.'s sold . . 9,263 10 April 1/30 Changes 72,750 Waste 10,870 Unsold 12,809 Returns 102,985 June 1/30 Waste sold Back No.'s sold IO O " 9, IO O 199,414 [017 o ^^ May 1/31 Changes Waste 73,133 10,775 June 30 Stock on hand . . 2 8 3 Unsold ",304 Returns 92,589 187,801 10 4 2 June 1/30 Changes . . 72,770 Waste 11,203 Unsold 10,283 Returns 85,352 179,608 9 15 2 72 I 5 2 72 15 2 June 30 Stock on hand .. B.D. 2 8 3 ADVERTISEMENT ORDER BOOK 104 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. JANUARY No. Date Order No. Title of Advertisement To whom charged Position Particulars ot Insertions Ordered or brought forward 1895 Jan. i 26,284 C. Bradlaugh F. Jones i Col. Every Tuesday (Stopped 3 Jan.) H/F I 26,288 Jook i. Anderson F. C. 2 26,295 Students' Dictionary A. P. Watt Daily till 3 Jan. 3 26,308 Jquitable Society . . Blackie & Son 2 in. back p. Daily t.f.o. (Stopped 3 Jan.) 3 26,492 God and the World . Hart i 26,500 "arpets T. Williams. . 3 in. back p. Daily t.f.o. 2 26,501 5 arquet Vtoses & Co. 3 26,561 loyal Choral F. May " Entertain- Balance of 3 ins. i ments." 26,572 jrand Hotel toward & Co. i 26,574 7 orward Movement G. Myall i 26,575 Messrs. Gay . . *. Anderson Alteration of 26,272 I 26,576 Sarnardo's Homes C. Mitchell . . I 26,577 Streets Widened . . Hill & Co... i 26,578 St. Jacob's Oil Street Brothers i Jan. and 3 Feb. I 26,579 Holloway's Ointm'nt Crossley Moir Jp. topb/p. Daily t.f.o. (Stopped 4 Jan.) 3 26,580 Vogeler'sCompound do. >% i 26,581 Asthma do. 3 26,582 Electric Baths do. 3 26,583 26,584 funerals, &c. :ndiarubber Tyres. . do. do. Front p. 26 ins. exps. 2 Jan 2 I 26,585 Growing Children. . Street Brothers Tue. Th. and Sat. 2 (Stopped 4 Jan.) 26,586 Auctions Debenham Tewson I 26,587 Sale of Wines C. Tayler & Co. . 3 26,588 Australia do. 3 26,589 Rome and back do. [ ] 3 26,590 \ w to [ Sundry Advts. Sundry Persons . Sundry Sundry 35 26,610) Jan. i 26,611 The seat of war . C. Tayler & Co. . i in. top 3 p. Wednesday i 26,612 \ to Sundry Advts. Sundry Persons . Sundry Sundry 55 26,650 1 26,651 \ Jan. i to Sundry Advts. Sundry Persons . Sundry Sundry 62 26,682) Jan. 3/31 (Sundry) Sundry Advts. Sundry Persons Sundry Sundry 954 i '- 154 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 105 1895 Dates of Insertion Total No. Price No. carried inserted brward 1 i 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 II 12 14 15 1 6 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 3 31 no/- V i 96/- V V 2 2 4 /- V V V 3 4 o/- V V V 3 50/- V _ I 5o/- V V 2 45/- V V V 3 ig/- V i 25/- V ! 85/- V I 43/- V i 45/- V i 6 4 /- V I i5/- V i i7o/- V V V 3 4 8/- V .. , 65/- V V V 3 l82/- V V V 3 5o/- V V 2 75/- V I igj. V V 2 22/6 V I 4 8/- V V V 3 7o/- V V V 3 66/- V V V 3 ( Sundry) V V V V 35 1 8/6 V i (Sundry) V V V V V V 55 (Sundry) V V V V V V 62 (Sundry) .. V V V V V V V v/ v' V V V V V V V V V V V V V 922 32 1122 = 32 ;= ADVERTISEMENT DAY BOOK 108 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. IST JANUARY 1895 Order No. Title of Advertisement To whom charged Price II Amount Daily Total s d s d 26,284 C. Bradlaugh F. Jones IIO/- 27 5 10 o 26,288 Book .. R. Anderson 9 6/- 28 4 16 o 26,295 Student's Dictionary A. P. Watt 55- 29 i 4 o 26,308 26,492 Equitable Society God and the World Blackie & Son . . J. Hart 4 o/- 50/- 30 200 2 10 O 26,500 Carpets T. Williams 50/- 32 2 10 O 26,501 Parquet Moses & Co. 45/- 33 250 26,561 Royal Choral F. May i 9 /- 34 o 19 o 26,572 Grand Hotel Howard & Co. . . 25/- 35 150 26,574 Forward Movement G. Myall 83/- 36 450 26,575 Messrs. Gay R. Anderson 43/- 28 230 26,576 Barnardo's Homes C. Mitchell 250 26,577 Streets widened Hill & Co. 64!- 38 34 26,578 26,579 St. Jacob's Oil Holloway's Ointment Street Bros. Crossley.Moir &Co. i7o/- 39 40 o 15 o 8 10 o 26,580 Vogeler's Compound do. 4 8/- 280 26,581 Asthma do 65/- * 350 26,582 Electric Baths do. l82/- 920 26,583 Funerals, &c. do. 5/- 2 10 26,584 India-rubber Tyres do. 75/- w 26,585 Growing Children. . Street Bros. i9/- 39 19 o 26,586 Auctions Debenham Tewson 22/6 41 I 2 6 26,587 Sale of Wines C. Tayler & Co. . . 4 8/- 42 280 26,588 Australia do. 70/- 3 10 o 26,589 Rome and back do. 66/- 360 Sundry Sundry Advertisements Sundry persons . . Sundry 43 45 o o 121 6 6 2ND JANUARY 1895 26,288 Book .. R. Anderson 9 6/- 28 4 16 o 26,295 26,308 Student's Dictionary Equitable Society.. A. P. Watt Blackie & Son . . 24/- 40/- 29 30 i 4 o 200 26,500 Carpets T. Williams 50/- 32 2 IO 26,501 26,579 Parquet Holloway's Ointment Moses & Co. Crossley.Moir &Co. 45/- 170;- 33 40 250 8 10 o 26,581 Asthma do. 65/- 35 26,582 Electric Baths do. l82/- 920 26,583 Funerals, &c. do. 5/- 2 10 26,587 Sale of Wines C. Tayler & Co. . . 48/- 42 280 26,588 Australia do. 7o/- 3 10 o 26,589 Rome and back do. 66/- 360 26,611 The Seat of War do. 18/6 o 18 6 Sundry Sundry Advertisements Sundry persons . . Sundry 43 70 o o C/F 116 237 ii o NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 109 SBD JANUARY 1895 Order No. Title of Advertisement To whom charged Price i! Amount Daily Total B/F s d s d 237 ii o 26,295 26,308 Student's Dictionary Equitable Society A. P. Watt Blackie & Son . . 24/- 4 0/- 29 3 i 4 o 200 26,501 Parquet Moses & Co. 45/- 33 25O 26,579 Holloway's Ointment Crossley,Moir&Co. I 7 0/- 40 8 10 o 26,581 Asthma do. 651- 350 26,582 Electric Baths do. i8a/- 920 26,585 Growing Children Street Bros. igj- 39 o 19 o 26,587 Sale of Wines C. Tayler & Co. . . 48!- 42 280 26,588 Australia do. 7o/- 3 10 o 26,589 Rome and back do. 661- 360 Sundry Sundry Advertisements Sundry persons . . Sundry 43 75 o o in 9 o 4TH TO 31sT JANUARY 1895 Sundry Sundry Advertisements Sundry persons. Sundry' 43 Sundry Sundry Advertisements FEBRUARY 1895 Sundry persons . . I Sundry ' 43 MARCH 1895 Sundry Sundry Advertisements . . Sundry persons . . Sundry 43 Sundry Sundry Advertisements Sundry Sundry Advertisements APRIL 1895 Sundry persons . . Sundry 43 MAY 1895 . . Sundry persons . . Sundry 43 JUNE 1895 Sundry Sundry Advertisements . . Sundry persons . . Sundry 43 3,067 2 6 3,4i6 2 6 G. L. 99 \ 2,802 o 6 I 2,802- o 6 G. L. 99 3,691 3 3,025 i 10 3,203 9 7 3,203 9 7 a. L. 2,775 o 8 ADVERTISEMENT LEDGER INDEX Fo. ANDERSON, B. ... ... ... ... 28 BLACKIE & SON ... ... ... ... 30 CROSSLEY, MOIR & Co.... ... ... ... 40 DEBENHAM, TEWSON & Co. ... ... ... 41 HART, J. ... ... ... ... ... 31 HILL & Co. ... ... ... ... 38 HOWARD & Co. ... ... ... ... 35 JONES, F. ... ... ... ... 27 MAY, F. ... ... ... ... ... 34 MITCHELL, C. ... ... ... ... 37 MOSES & Co. ... ... ... ... 33 MYALL, G. ... .,. ... ... 36 STREET BROS. ... ... ... ... 39 TAYLER, CHARLES, & Co. ... ... ... 42 WATT, A. P. ... ,,. ... ... 29 WILLIAMS, T. ... ... ... ... 32 SUNDRY PERSONS ... ... 43 112 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. F. JONES. (27} 1895 Jan. i ,, i Balance C. Bradlaugh IIO/- s d 600 5 10 o 1895 Jan. 5 March 2 - By Cash Comm. . . Cash ,, Comm. . . 8? s d 5 8 o 12 4 19 o II O 11 10 o 11 10 o R. ANDERSON. (28) 1895 Jan. i !> 2 ,, I Balance Book .. Messrs. Gay 96,- 43/- s d 420 9 12 o 230 1895 Feb. 8 March 30 By Cash Comm. . . Cash .. ,, Comm. . . 8? s d 5 M 6 10 6 8 12 10 19 2 15 i7 o i5 17 o A. P. WATT. (29} 1895 Jan. i 1,2,3 Balance Student's Dic- tionary 24/- s d 5 3 6 3 12 o 1895 Jan. 3 June 30 By Cash . . ,, Comm. . . Balance . . 87 C/D s d 4 13 2 10 4 3 12 o 8 15 6 8 15 6 June 30 Balance 3 12 BLACKIE & SON. (30) 1895 Jan. i Balance s d 2 10 1895 Jan. i By Cash 87 s d 7 13 o ,. 1.2,3 Equitable ,, Comm. 17 o Society . . 4 o/- 6OO 8 10 o 8 10 o J. HART. (3D 1895 Jan. i i Balance God and the World 5o/- s d 520 2 10 1895 Feb. ii By Cash Comm. . . 87 s d 6 16 10 15 2 7 12 7 12 T. WILLIAMS. (32} 1895 Jan. i ,, I, 2 Balance Carpets 50/- * d 829 500 T 1895 June 30 By Bad Debt s d 13 2 9 i3 2 9 i3 2 9 ^ NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 113 MOSES & Co. (53) 1895 Jan. i a 1,2,3 Balance Parquet 451- s d 386 6 15 o 1895 Jan. 22 By Cash Comm. 87 s d 932 i o 4 10 3 6 1 3 6 F. MAY. (34) 1895 Jan. i Balance Royal Choral ig/- s d 829 19 o 9 i 9 1895 Jan. 25 Mar. 19 By Cash Comm. . . Cash Comm. . . 8? s d 766 16 3 17 o 2 9 i 9 _____ ______ -"""""" HOWARD & Co. (35} ' 1895 Jan. i Balance Grand Hotel 25/- s d 680 i 5 o V K 895 Feb. 12 June 30 By Cash Comm. . . Bad Debt 87 G.L. 99 s d 5 15 2 12 10 i 5 o 7 13 o 7 13 o G. MYALL. (36) 1895 Jan. i Balance Forw'd move- ment 85/- s d 7 i o 450 1895 Mar. 12 By Cash Comm. . . 87 s d 10 3 5 I 2 7 11 6 o 11 6 o C. MITCHELL. (37) 1895 Jan. i Balance Barnardo's Home 45/- s d 486 250 1895 Jan. 29 By Cash Comm. . . 87 s d 602 13 4 6 13 6 6 13 6 114 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. HILL & Co. 1895 Jan. i Balance Street widen'd ..- 528 64/- 340 1895 Jan. 30 Feb. 25 By Cash Comm. . . Cash Comm. . . 87 s d 4 12 5 10 3 2 17 7 6 5 8681 8 6 8 _^^^________ STREET BEOS'. (3.9) 1895 Jan. i " i,3 Balance St. Jacob's Oil Growing Chil- dren s d . . 10 2 6 i5/- J 5 o igl- i 18 o 12 15 6 1895 Jan. 7 14 By Cash Comm. . . Cash Comm. . . 87 s d 923 i o 3 2 7 8 5 4 12 15 6 __^_^ ________ CROSSLEY, Mora & Co. (40) 1895 Jan. i i, 2, 3 n I 1,2,3 it I>2, 3 n I, 2 Balance Holloway's Ointment Vogeler's Compound Asthma Electric Baths Funerals, &c. India-rubber Tyres s d 28 2 6 i7o/- 25 10 o 48/- 280 65/- 9 : 5 o i82/- 27 6 o 5o/- 500 75/- 3 15 o 1895 Jan. 5 Feb. ii By Cash Comm. . . Cash Comm. . . 87 s d 25 6 3 2 16 .3 66 6 7 775 101 16 6 101 16 6 DEBENHAM, TEWSON & Co. (4.Z) 1895 Jan. i i Balance Auctions s d 1895 By Cash 87 s d 4 66 22/6 126 466 4 6 6 CHARLES TAYLER & Co. (42) 1895 Jan. i Balance i, 2, 3 Sale of Wines i, 2, 3 .Australia i, 2, 3 Rome & back 2 'The Seat of War sd . . 12 2 6 4 8/- : 740 7o/- 10 10 o 66/- 9 18 o 18/6 18 6 1895 1 Jan. 22 n n By Cash Comm. . . 87 s d 36 ii 8 4 i 4 40 13 o 40 13 o """" NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 115 SUNDRY PERSONS. (43) 1895 Jan. i ii 2 To Balances Sundry S d 5,397 7 5 45 o o 70 o o 1895 Jan. i By Balances prepaid Cash . . C/D 87 s d 123 i 7 102 I 8 Q 75 o o Comm. . . M II 2 10 4/3i 3,067 2 6 2 Cash ,, 101 2 6 Feb. 1/28 2,802 o 6 , Comm. . . ,, ii 3 6 Mar. 1/31 3,691 3 8 3 Cash 91 o 9 Apl. 1/30 May 1/31 3,025 i 10 3,203 9 7 4 , Comm. . Cash . . 10 4 I 93 4 5 June 1/30 . 2,775 o 8 Comm. . . M 10 I 10 June 30 To Balances n 5 , Cash .. 101 5 4 prepaid 182 9 6 , Comm. . . ,, 12 2 6 7 , Cash 103 2 10 Comrn. . . l 13 I 9 8 , Cash .. f no 10 3 , Comm. . . 12 9 i 9 , Cash .. , go i 6 Comm. . . , 10 6 7 10 , Cash .. f 103 8 7 , Comm. . . ii 15 o ii , Cash .. 104 7 8 , Comm. . . , ii i 6 n 12 , Cash 94 i 9 , Comm. . . t 10 2 9 u H , Cash .. , 105 6 2 , Comm. . . |f ii 3 i 15 Cash .. 103 i n ,, Comm. . . M 12 9 16 Cash , H5 2 7 ,, Comm. . . , 15 3 2 11 17 Cash .. ( 131 9 3 ,, Comm. . . , 14 i 10 18 Cash 110 2 10 , Comm. . . 12 9 6 n 19 , Cash , 72 i ii , Comm. . . , 8 15 2 n 21 , Cash .. , 95 ii 2 , Comm. . . , 9 18 o w 22 , Cash .. , 94 i 7 , Comm. . . , 10 3 o 23 , Cash .. , no n 4 , Comm. . . , 12 3 4 24 , Cash .. ,, 109 i 6 , Comm. . . n i 7 25 , Cash .. M 97 6 3 , Comm. . . (| 10 2 10 26 , Cash .. , 84 ii 9 , Comm. . . ( 935 28 , Cash .. , 87 6 i 29 , Comm. . . , Cash .. ' 8 15 o 81 6 3 , Comm. . . 8 10 6 30 , Cash .. , 92 4 8 , Comm. . . 9 12 4 n 31 , Cash .. , 86 10 7 , Comm. . . 10 6 7 Feb. 1/28 , Cash , 2,801 o 7 , Comm. . . 310 6 3 Mar. 1/31 Cash .. ,, 2,722 i 9 ,, Comm. . . M 289 i 10 Apl. 1/30 Cash .. ,, 2,629 i 10 Comm. . . 254 ii 6 May 1/31 Cash .. ,, 2,491 o 6 Comm. . . ,, 352 i 10 June 1/30 Cash .. Comm. . . 2,717 i 4 329 10 6 June 30 Balances C/D 6,317 ii 7 24,333 15 8 24,333 15 8 June 30 To Balance B/D 6,317 ii 7 June 30 By Balance B/D 182 9 6 CONTRIBUTORS' REGISTER (LITEEATUEE) 118 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. Sundry persons Sundry persons Sundry persons . . Sundry persons Sundry persons Sundry persons . IST JANUARY 1895. (44) Name Particulars Number of Lines So^ Amount Daily Total Downey, F. Count Bismarck 156 4 6 s d 15 o o s d Thomson, Mrs. . Sorrowful Singers 47 2 12 Nutt, W. F. . Tolstoi's new book 40 50 13 6 Brown, T... Literary Notes 26 51 i 4 o Story, T. E. Reminiscences 83 52 I 10 Whistler, L. Monday Pops 44 53 18 6 Sundry persons . Sundry articles (Sundry) 60 3 i 8 24 19 8 2ND TO 31sT JANUARY 1895. Sundry articles (Sundry) 60 Isr TO 28rH FEBRUARY 1895. Sundry articles (Sundry) j 60 IST TO 31sT MARCH 1895. Sundry articles . . (Sundry) 60 IST TO 30TH APRIL 1895. Sundry articles . . (Sundry) IST TO 31ST MAY 1895. Sundry articles (Sundry) 60 IST TO 30TH JUNE 1895. Sundry articles ( Sundry) I 60 331 2 9 393 9 7 393 9 7 G. L. 405 310 2 3 316 10 6 316 10 6 G. L. 104 CONTRIBUTORS' REGISTER (NEWS) 120 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. IST JANUARY 1895. (45} Name Particulars Number of Lines !l > Amount Daily Total H. Warner C. Keep F.Joyce J. Morris . . W. Whitlie C. Jackson Sundry persons. Floods in the West Death of Mr. Jones Fire in the East Day in Court Big Scores Angling Sundry News 2ND TO 31ST JANU.A 26 and Maps 64 6 21 g (Sundry) .BY 1895 54 3 57 58 59 60 s d I I i 6 6 2 6 3 6 14 6 330 9 i 7 s d 15 12 7 Sundry persons. . Sundry News (Sundry) 60 394 8 ii 410 i 6 0. L. 104 IST TO 28TH FEBRUARY 1895. Sundry persons Sundry News (Sundry) 60 292 2 7 292 2 7 0. L. 104 IST TO 31sT MARCH 1895. Sundry persons . . Sundry News (Sundry) 60 375 i 8 375 i 8 0. L. 104 IST TO 30TH APRIL 1895. Sundry persons Sundry News (Sundry) 60 352 8 2 352 8 2 G. L. 104 IST TO 31ST MAY 1895. Sundry persons . . Sundry News (Sundry) 60 422 i 6 422 i 6 G. L. 104 IST TO 30TH JUNE 1895. Sundry persons . . Sundry News (Sundry) 60 472 o 10 472 o 10 1 G. L. 104 " WASTE" CONTRIBUTIONS. Sundry persons Sundry News (Sundry) 60 32 8 8 32 8 8 G L. 104 CONTRIBUTORS' LEDGER INDEX Fo. BROWN, T. ... ... ... ... 51 DOWNEY, F. ... ... ... ... 46 FALLOW, T. ... ... ... 49 HEEP, C. ... ... ... ... 55 JACKSON, C. ... ... ... ... 59 JOYCE, F. ... ... ... ... 56 MORRIS, J. ... ... .. ... 57 NUTT, W. F. ... ... ... ... 50 SHOOLBRED, J. ... ... ... ... 48 STOREY, T. E. ... ... ... ... 52 THOMSON, Mrs. ... ... ... ... 47 WARNER, H. ... ... ... ... 54 WHISTLER, L. ... ... ... ... 53 WHITLIE, W. ... ... ... ... 58 SUNDRY PERSONS ... ,,. 60 122 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. F. DOWNEY. (46) i895 Jan. 21 June 30 To Cash . . Balance 88 C/D s d 260 15 o o 1895 Jan. i June 30 By Balance Count Bism'rck By Balance B/D 44 B/D s d 260 15 o o 17 6 o 17 6 o 15 o o MRS. THOMSON. (47) 1895 June 30 To Balance C/D i s d 7 17 o 7~7 o 1895 Jan. i ,, i June 30 By Balance ,, Sorrowful Singers By Balance B/D 44 B/D .550 2 12 7 17 o 7 17 o J. SHOOLBBED. THOS. FALLOW. (48) 1895 June 30 To Balance C/D s d 8 10 o 1895 Jan. i By Balance . . B/D s d 8 10 o 8 10 o 8 10 o June 30 By Balance . . ; B/D 8 10 o (49) 1895 June 30 To Balance C/I) s d 260 1895 Jan. i By Balance B/D s d 200 260 260 June 30 By Balance B/D 260 W. F. NUTT. T 1895 Jan. 21 To Cash 88 s d 13 6 1895 Jan. i By Tolstoi's new book 44 s d 13 6 13 6 13 6 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 123 T. BROWN. (51) 1895 Jan. 24 Feb. 18 To Cash .. 88 s d 2 7 6 i 4 o 1895 Jan. i ,, i By Balance Literary Notes B/D 44 ! s d 2 7 6 i 4 o 3 " 6 3 ii 6 ____^_ T. E. STOREY. (52) 1895 Feb. 18 To Cash .. 88 s d I 10 O 1895 Jan. i By Reminiscences 44 s d I 10 O i IO o i 10 o L. WHISTLER. (53) 1895 Jan. 21 To Cash 88 s d 300 1895 Jan. i ,. i By Balance ,, Monday Pops B/D 44 s d 2 I 6 18 6 3 o o 300 H. WARNER. (54) 1895 June 30 To Balance C/D s d 3 13 6 1895 Jan. i ,, i June 30 By Balance Floods in the West By Balance B/D *5 B/D s d 2 12 6 I I 3 13 6 3 13 6 3 13 C. KEEP. (55) 1895 Feb. 18 To Cash 88 s d i 6 6 1895 Jan. i By Death of Mr. Jones 45 s d i 6 6 i 6 6 i 6 6 F. JOYCE. (56) 1895 Jan. 21 June 30 To Cash . . Balance 88 C/D s d 2 10 O 2 6 1895 Jan. i ,1 i June 30 By Balance Fire in the East By Balance B/D 45 s d 2 10 2 6 2 12 6 2 12 C B/D| 2 6 124 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. J. MORRIS. (57) 1895 June 30 To Balance C/D s d 3 6 i895 Jan. i By Day in Court. . 45 s d 3 6 3 6 3 6 June 30 By Balance B/D 3 6 W. WHITLIE. (58) 1895 June 30 To Balance C/D s d 14 6 1895 Jan. i By Big Scores . . 45 s d 14 6 14 6 14 6 June 30 By Balance B/D 14 6 I C. JACKSON. (59) 1895 Jan. 21 To Cash .. 88 s d 330 1895 Jan. i By Angling 45 s d 330 330 330 SUNDRY PERSONS. (60) 1895 Jan. 1/31 Feb. 1/28 Mar. 1/31 Apr. 1/30 To Cash .. 88 s d 710 i 8 63i 2 7 673 9 8 732 8 10 1895 Jan. i " 2/31 By Balance , Literature , News Literature B/D 44 45 44 s d 428 ii 4 3 i 8 9 i 7 337 2 O May 1/31 707 i ii News . . 45 394 8 1 1 June 1/30 June 30 Balances C/D 686 16 8 683 14 3 Feb. 1/28 Mar. 1/31 Apr. 1/30 May 1/31 June 1/30 Literature News Literature News Literature News Literature News Literature News . . " Waste " Con- tributions . . 44 45 44 45 44 45 44 45 44 45 45 33* 2 9 292 2 7 393 9 7 375 i 8 45 J 7 352 8 2 310 2 3 422 i 6 316 10 6 472 o 10 32 -8 8 4,874 15 7 June 30 By Balance B/D 4,874 15 7 683 14 3 INVOICE BOOK 126 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (61) JANUARY PURCHASES AND EXPENSES I Invoice Ledger SI fl G "> Invoice No. Date Name Particulars _o it T3 i& rt x o Dr. Cv. W * %> 1895 s d s d s d s d i Jan. i Jones & Robinson.. 24 doz. machine ink, less 10% 62 697 697 2 Eyre & Spottiswoode Parliamentary papers, and notes, &c. 63 21 O 21 3 >< Postmaster-General Fee for caller's bag 6 4 30O 3OO 4 White & Co. 24 doz. bill ink, less 5% 65 4 II 2 4 II 2 5 )] Iron, I. 12 reels cord, 229 Ibs. at sd., less 5% 66 4 10 8 6 3 Brownback, G. i gross each machine tapes and sponges . . 67 i 3 6 i 3 6 7 Smith & Co. 5,000 P.C. vouchers, Iess2^% 68 i 4 5 8 5 Do. Gum pencils, &c. 550 g Batchelor & Co. . . 12 rms. double crown 69 2 17 o 10 8 Smith & Co. Correspondence cards 63 269 II 10 12 12 Eastn.Telegraph Co. CityofLond.Elec.Co Cable to Melbourne Electric supply to date 70 7 1 5 i 6 18 2 10 5 'i 6 18 2 10 13 15 Williams, C. 8 blocks .. 72 3 o ii 14 17 Brown & Co. 20 reels, 3,040 Ibs. at 2jd., less 2i% . 73 27 15 9 f 15 Smith & Co. Circular special announce- ment 68 80 2 16 iq Star Paper Mills . . 12 reels, main, 12,096, at ijd., less 5% 74 71 16 5 17 Steer & Co. Sundry repairs to plant 75 37 3 2 18 21 Maudle & Co. Horse and harness hire, 3 weeks 76 52 10 o ig 23 Green & Co. Cart hire, 3 weeks 77 33 o o 20 Wilson, J Commission, 2 weeks to date 78 2 12 6 21 Williams, C. Allowance on 2 blocks 72 12 6 22 23 31 Brownback, G. Woodman, A. Sponges returned . . Commission on advertise- 67 II 2 Cr. ii 2 ments, January 79 15 3 o 24 Edwards & Co. i Edwards' typewriter 80 20 l8 O 25 Slater, J. i quarter's poor rate to Lady Day .. 81 15 7 6 26 Banks & Co. Type founts as per invoice. . 82 418 18 o 27 Stevens Brothers . 10 4/2Oth rms. stereo tissue 83 4 i 8 28 E.Lond.Waterworks Water rate, quarter to Lady day 84 25 8 o (Sundry) i/3i Sundry persons . . Sundry invoices 85 952 i o 10 2 9 92 6 o 1,835 10 4 i 3 8 1,834 6 8 39 4 3 122 I II G.L. 101 107 113 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 127 1895. (61) ANALYSIS I *S w Illustrations a| Distribution Expenses General Charges Sundry Accounts Horse & Cart Hire Sundry Stationery Contents Bill T~^~d~ Sundry Adver- tising Account Fo. Amount s d s d s d s d s d s d s d 4 10 8 i 4 5 550 269 Composing Exps. 109 2 17 3 o ii 27 15 9 80 2 71 16 5 Repairs 116 37 3 2 Cr. 12 6 52 10 o 33 o o - Com. on Sales . . 97 2 12 6 Canvassers' Com. Furniture 103 P.L. 138 15 3 o 20 18 o Rent, Rates, &c... Type Foundry Exps. . . 123 P.L. 137 III I 5 7 6 418 18 o 4 i 8 610 2 9 40 o 10 520 15 7 3 529 21 2 9 Gas and Water . . Taxes 124 123 i 25 8 o 152 13 ii 68l 19 2 114 42 9 3 __ 115 85 10 o 9 12 8 24 3 5 27 15 9 529 = 130 ioi 4 9 Si. 132 695 2 9 118 122 m 199 128 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (61) FEBKUARY TO PURCHASES AND EXPENSES Invoice No. Date Name Particulars Fo. Invoice L Dr. edger Cr. Editorial Expenses Machining Expenses s d s d s d Sundry Feb. Sundry persons Sundry Invoices 85 i, 068 8 o 36 2 .9 97 2 6 1,068 8 o 36 2 9 97 2 6 G. L.105 107 113 do. .. March do. do. .... 85 I,5H 12 2 l,5I4 12 2 33 i 8 103 2 103 2 33 i 8 107 G. L. 105 113 do. . April do. do. .... 85 1,658 i 5 42 o 5 132 i 8 1,658 i 5 42 o 5 132 i 8 G. L. 105 107 113 do. .. May do. do. .... 85 1,340 9 2 47 o 9 129 6 5 1,340 9 2 47 o 9 129 6 5 G. L. 105 107 113 do. .. June do. do. .... 85 2,361 17 10 40 o 9 106 10 ii 2,361 17 10 40 o 9 106 10 ii G. L. 105 107 113 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 129 JUNE 1895. (61) ANALYSIS 0) p O Distribution Expenses General Charges Sundry Accounts S, 2 " 5 Horse & cart hire Sundry Station- ery Contents Bill Sundry Advertis- ing Account Fo Amount * A 708 2 9 s d 39 3 6 * d 87 o 8 s d s d 9 18 6 | is i g s d 22 I 8 * d 2 3 6 s d 10 6 3 | Foundry Exps. j Commission on in s d H 3 6 I Sales 97 27 o 8 708 2 9 39 3 6 87 o 8 9 18 6 15 i 9 22 I 8 2 3 6 10 6 3 41 4 2 224 225 778 722 226 229 730 732 | Rent to L. Day. . 123 350 o o 724 i 6 48 i 10 96 i 9 10 2 II 37 2 8 21 3 7 12 I 7 17 i 9 1 Foundry Exps. . . j Composing Exps. ( Com. on Sales . . in 109 97 16 6 2 15 2 10 3i 3 9 724 i 6 48 i 10 96 i 9 10 2 ii 37 2 8 21 3 7 12 I 7 17 i 9 412 12 9 224 22-5 118 722 226 229 230 732 Canvassers' Exps. IO2 23 i 7 Canvassers' Com. IO3 352 o 9 631 8 2 46 10 2 92 i 8 12 II 3 32 i 6 23 7 4 976 9 * 7 Composing Exps. iog 21 3 5 (Gas and Water.. 124 210 6 ' Foundry Exps. . . in 21 3 II 631 8 2 46 10 2 92 i 8 12 II 3 32 i 6 23 7 4 976 9 i 7 627 IO 2 224 22-5 118 722 226 ^^^~"~" 73,9 732 Composing Exps. 109 27 i 8 Repairs .. 116 75 o 10 641 3 7 41 8 i 88 2 9 8 i 7 29 2 7 25 o 6 1107 23 6 5 Com. on Sales . . Foundry Exps.. . 97 in 69 8 o II 2 7 Rates 123 14 2 10 641 3 7 41 8 i 88 2 9 8 i 7 29 2 7 25 o 6 1107 23 6 5 196 15 II 224 77-5 72S MMMMMH 722 11 226 12.* 730 732 /Composing Exps. j Foundry Exps. . . 109 in 5 13 3 12 4 9 Repairs Rent to Midsm'r 116 123 26 i 8 350 613 2 10 50 ii o 93 9 5 9 14 i 37 10 g 21 9 8 ii 5 9 39 J 9 IT < Gas and Water. . Law & Acc'nt'ncy 124 198 o 4 301 6 3 I Canvassers' Exps. 102 27 6 5 1 Canvassers' Com. 103 385 i 8 VCom. on Sales . . 97 32 8 5 613 2 10 50 ii o 93 9 5 9 14 i 37 10 9 21 9 8 11 5 9 39 J 9 JI 338 2 9 224 22-3 22* 722 726 729 730 732 INVOICE LEDGER INDEX Fo. BANKS & Co. ... ... ... ... 82 BATCHELOR & Co. ... ... ... ... 69 BROWN & Co. ... ... ... ... 73 BROWNBACK, G. ... ... ... 67 CITY OF LONDON ELECTRIC Co. ... 71 EASTERN TELEGRAPH Co. ... 70 EAST LONDON WATER WORKS ... ... ... 84 EDWARDS & Co. ... ... ... - 80 EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE ... ... ... 63 GREEN & Co. ... ... 77 IRON, J. ... ... ... ... ... 66 JONES & KOBINSON ... ... ... ... 62 MAUDLE & Co. ... ... .., ... 76 POSTMASTER-GENERAL... ... ... ... 64 SLATER, J.... ... ... ... ... 81 SMITH & Co. ... ... ... ... 68 STAR PAPER MILLS ... ... ... ... 74 STEER & Co. ... ... ... ... 75 STEVENS BROS. ... ... ... ... 83 WHITE & Co. ... ... ... ... 65 WILLIAMS, C. ... ... ... ... 72 W T ILSON, J, ... ... ... ... 78 WOODMAN, A. ... ... ... ... 79 SUNDRY PERSONS ... 85 132 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. JONES & ROBINSON. (62} 1895 Jan. 14 Feb. ii To Cash .. 88 s d 5 2 10 697 1895 Jan. i By Balance ,, Machine Ink.. B/D 61 s d 5 2 10 697 " 12 5 1 " " 5 ____ EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE. (63) i95 s d 1895 s d Jan. 14 To Cash . . 88 10 2 8 Jan. i By Balance B/D 10 2 8 June 30 ,, Balance C/D 21 O O ,, Parliamentary Papers, &c. . . 61 21 31 2 8 31 2 8 June 30 By Balance B/D 21 o o PobTMASTER-GENERAL. (64) 1895 Jan. i To Cash .. 88 s d 300 1895 Jan. i By Callers' Bag . . 61 s d 300 300 300 ^^^ _^ WHITE & Co. (65) 1895 Jan. 14 Feb. ii To Cash .. 88 s d 829 4 II 2 1895 Jan. i By Balance Bill Ink B/D 61 s d 829 4 II 2 12 13 n 12 13 ii , ^~"^"^^~ .1. ] [RON. (66) 1895 Jan. 14 To Cash 88 s d 4 10 8 1895 Jan. i By Cord .. 61 s d 4 10 8 4 10 8 4 10 8 ~ G. BROWNBACK. (67) 1895 Jan. 14 ,, 23 June 30 To Cash .. Returns Balance 88 61 C/D s d 5 i 3 II 2 12 4 1895 Jan. i 3 By Balance ,, Tapes and Sponges B/P 61 s d 5 i 3 i 3 6 6 4 9 649 June 30 By Balance B/D 12 4 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 133 SMITH & Co. (68) 1895 Feb. ii Mar. 15 To Cash .. 88 s d 30 I 2 88 18 2 1895 Jan. i ,, 3 By Balance Vouchers B/D 61 s d 3O I 2 i 4 5 M 5 Gum, Pencils, &c 550 8 Cards B 269 17 Circulars " 80 2 O 118 19 4 118 19 4 BATCHELOR & Co. (69) 1895 June 30 To Balance C/D s d 2 17 1895 J-n. 5 By D. Crown 61 s d 2 17 O 2 17 o 2 17 o June 30 ,, Balance B/D 2 17 EASTERN TELEGRAPH Co. (70) 1895 n. 10 To Cash .. 88 s d 5 i 6 1895 Jan. 10 By Cable 61 s d 5 i 6 5 i 6 5 i 6 CITY OP LONDON ELECTRIC Co. (71) 1095 Jan. 14 Feb. ii To Cash 88 s d 22 I 8 18 2 10 1895 Jan. i ., 12 By Balance ,, Electric Supply B/D 61 s d 22 I 8 18 2 10 40 4 6 40 4 6 C. WILLIAMS. (72) 1895 Jan. 23 Feb. ii Mar. 15 To Allowance Cash .. 61 88 88 s d 12 6 239 285 1895 Jan. i 15 By Balance Blocks B/D 61 s d 239 3 o ii J * 5 4 8 5 4 8 BROWN & Co. (73) 1895 Jan. 14 Mar. ii To Cash .. 88 s d 15 2 10 27 i5 9 1895 Jan. i J 7 By Balance ,, Bill Paper . . B/D 61 s d 15 2 10 27 15 9 42 18 7 42 18 7 134 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. STAB PAPER MILLS. (74) 1895 Feb. 14 Mar. 1 1 To Cash .. 88 s dl 76 8 i 7i 16 5 148 4 6 T i895 Jan. i i. i9 By Balance Paper B/D 61 s d 76 8 i 71 16 5 148 4 6 STEEB & Co. (76) Aprils To Cash .. 88 s d 37 3 2 1895 Jan. 19 By Repairs 61 s d 37 3 2 37 3 2 37 3 2 MAUDLE & Co. (76) April 5 i5 ToCa&h .. 88 s d 97 16 i 1895 Jan. i ,. 21 By Balance Hire .. B/D 6l s d 45 6 i 52 10 o 97 16 i 97 16 i GREEN & Co. ^77) 1895 Tan. 14 Mar. ii To Cash .. 88 s d 20 I 9 33 o o 1895 Jan. i ,, 23 By Balance Hire .. B/D 61 s d 26 i 9 33 o o 59 i 9 59 * 9 J. WILSON. (78) 1895 Jan. 23 To Cash .. 88 s d 2 12 6 1895 Jan. 23 By Commission on Sales 61 s d 2 12 6 2 12 6 2 12 6 A. WOODMAN. (79) 1895 Feb. ii To Cash .. 88 s d 15 3 o T 1895 1 Jan. 31 By Commission on Advts. 61 s d 15 3 o i5 3 o *5 3 o EDWARDS & Co. (80) Feb. ii To Cash 88 20 s d ; 1895 18 o ' Jan 31 s d By Typewriter . . 1 6l 20 18 o j20 18 o IT.O 18 o I NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 135 J. SLATER. (81) 1895 Jan. 31 To Cash .. 88 s d 15 7 6 1895 Jan. 31 By Poor Rate . . s d 61 15 7 6 i5 7 6 i5 7 6 ~^^"""^^^~ BANKS & Co. (82) M 1895 May 14 To Cash .. 88 s d 418 18 o 1895 Jan. 31 By Type .. 61 s d 418 18 o 418 18 o 418 18 o STEVENS BROS. (83) 1895 Jan. 14 Mar. ii To Cash .. 88 s d 7 i 6 4 i 8 1895 Jan. i 31 By Balance ,, Stereo Tissue B/D 6r s d 7 i 6 4 i 8 11 3 2 " 3 2 EAST LONDON WATERWORKS. (84) 1895 Feb. ii To Cash .. 88 s d 25 8 o 1895 Jan. 31 By Water Rate . . 61 s d 25 8 o 25 8 o 25 8 o SUNDRY PERSONS. (85) 1895 s d 1895 s d Jan. 1/31 Feb. 1/28 To Cash . . 88 S8 984 i 7 1,102 7 9 Jan. i H 3 1 By Balances Goods . . B/D 61 4,786 12 3 952 i o Mar. 1/31 ' 88 1,324 4 6 Feb. 1/28 , 61 1,068 8 o Apr. 1/30 88 1,842 o 9 Mar. 1/31 , 61 1,514 12 2 May 1/31 June 1/30 June 30 Balances 88 88 C/D 1,726 9 o i,953 16 3 4,749 2 o Apr. 1/30 May 1/31 June 1/30 ; bi 61 61 1,658 i 5 1,340 9 2 2,361 17 10 13,682 i 10 13,682 i 10 June 30 By Balances B/D 4,749 2 o PAPER BOOK 138 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (86) PURCHASED PRINTED Weight (Ibs.) Number of Copies 1 Date No. of Reels Gross Waste Net Estimated Actual Surplus Deficit Date Copies Weight (Ibs.) 1895 1895 Jan. i Stock on hand Jan. i 31,292 30 1,040 96 944 7,732 7,300 432 2 30,235 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 I 30,828 32 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 j 29,530 34 970 970 7,945 8,150 205 i 29,060 35 1,008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 7 30,615 36 -'1,008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 8 29,796 37 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,200 56 9 31,270 4 1 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 10 42 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 ii 3i,39 6 43 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 12 3 ? ,747 39 208 (part reel) 208 1,706 1, 800 94 14 28,685 40 874 do. 874 7,15/6 7,100 56 I< 32,987 Sundry \ 16 33,096 reels to 17 34,624 be set j- 21,703 242 21,461 175,778 175,682 .. 96 18 32,437 out in i 1C 36,475 detail) ) 21 33,282 32,859 338 1 _ 32,521 266,365 266,332 607 640 23 34,o62 34,872 24 36,815 Jan. ii 56 i, 008 i ,008 8,256 8,300 44 25 36,723 57 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 26 35,"9 58 i, 008 .. i, 008 8,256 8,250 6 28 33,949 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,000 256 29 33,350 60 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,400 144 30 34,930 61 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,300 44 31 36,197 I OO8 I OO8 8 2^6 8 2^0 63 i!oo8 i!oo8 0,250 8,256 8,900 56 885,712 108,139 64 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,200 56 & i, 008 i, 008 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,256 8,000 8,200 25 5 6 56 67 i, 008 i, 008 8,256 8,400 144 12/31 (Sundry) 102,760 1,480 101,280 829,531 829,807 276 147,715 1,818 U5,897 1,194,968 I > 1 94,939 1,303 1,332 108,139 Feb. 1/28 Mar. 1/31 Apr. 1/30 May 1/30 June 1/30 (Sundry) (do.) (do.) (do.) (do.) "4,503 116,117 101,653 102,529 99,178 1,127 725 373 1,249 922 H3,376 H5,392 101,280 101,280 98,256 928,603 945,115 829,531 829,531 804,763 928,400 944,703 829,608 829,207 804,782 ! 77 19 203 412 324 ?eb.x/*8 Mar 1/31 Apr. 1/30 Mayi/3i un.i/30 849,579 870,255 898,761 869,682 884,028 103,728 106,252 109,733 106,182 107,933 1-399 2,271 b on hand 641,967 681,695 6 214 - 8 Haldnce 872 June 30 33,514 .^^^^_ m-*^^^i m*m^^^^-^ ' 5ijj > 39 O/-i 675,481 "^^ -^ June 30 Stock .. 33.5H 1 CASH RECEIVED BOOK 140 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (87} JANUARY Rect. No. Date Name Discount and Commission Fo. Credit Sales Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Credit Sales Cash Sales i 2 3 4 to 16 &c., &c. i 1895 Jan. i 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 ii 12 14 Blackie & Son Blackman, E. P. Brown, E. H Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do. Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do. Watt A. P s d s d s d 17 o II 2 IO ii 3 6 10 4 10 4 i 10 I 10 2 16 3 12 O 12 2 6 i o 3 13 i 9 12 9 i io"6 7 ii 15 o ii i 6 10 2 9 5 4 ii 3 i ?6 4 13 H 43 12 13 H 43 12 2 9 13 14 43 12 13 14 43 12 40 27 13 H 43 12 39 13 14 43 12 13 14 43 12 13 14 43 12 13 M 43 12 16 ii 13 14 43 12 13 M 43 12 39 4i 13 14 43 12 C/F s d 13 13 9 45 10 o s d 26 2 3 59 3 9 46 12 i 26 2 3 21 2 6 105 15 10 46 "2 6 151 18 4 45 i 9 47 4 9 24 3 2 71 7 ii 23 i 8 94 9 7 19 i 2 Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do Crossley, Moir & Co Jones, F Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do. Street Bros Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do 197 i? i 42 i 8 239 18 9 48 '9 2 113 10 y 29 2 3 288 7 ii 39 i 4 142 13 o 25 6 2 Cash Sales 327 9 3 37 2 6 167 19 2 25 4 3 Back No's Sales v Sundry persons do. Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons Beddington, P. W. Earl, P. M Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do. Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons . . do. Street Bros Debenham Tewson Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do. 18 ii 364 ii 9 42 i 9 406 13 6 17 19 i 41 o 7 193 3 5 22 I 7 215 5 o 26 7 3 465 13 2 45 7 2 241 12 3 24 8 9 511 o 4 46 2 9 266 i o 22 9 8 18 ii 140 15 8 557 3 i 288 10 8 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 141 1895. (87) Cash received Cash to Bank Back No's. Sales Subscriptions Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Total Daily Date C.B. Fo. Amount s d i 5 10 s d i 19 o s d s d 7 J 3 o IO2 I 8 s d 1895 Jan. i 2 198 5 6 88 C/F s d 160 17 5 37 8 i i 5 10 I 12 2 i 19 o 109 14 8 101 2 6 198 5 6 ,,3 170 9 3 198 5 6 143 i 8 27 7 7 2 18 I 2 10 i 19 o 2IO 17 2 4 13 2 91 o 9 368 14 9 H 3 167 2 5 368 14 9 133 5 2 33 17 3 4 o 10 19 6 i 19 o 306 II I 93 4 5 399 15 6 25 6 3 580 101 5 4 535 17 2 4 163 4 4 : ,,5 535 17 2 121 7 10 41 16 6 504 i 5 6 I 19 p - 699 i 6 5 194' 7 ii ! 699 i 6 173 7 10 21 I 6 5 10 i 15 8 i 19 o 53i 15 i ' 893 9 5 923 T 103 2 10 . . 8 igi 12 2 893 9 5 159 16 3 31 15 " 8 i 6 i 18 7 I IQ .. 644 2 no 10 3 1,085 i 7 8 176 1 6 4 9 1,261 17 ii ,,9 154 8 i 10 1,085 i 7 149 2 IO 27 13 6 10 I i 19 10 i 19 o 754 10 5 90 i 6 1,261 17 n 124 i 9 30 6 4 II 19 II i 3 4 13 3 3 i 'e 7 14 g 10 I 2 9 i 19 o 844 ii ii 103 8 7 1,416 6 o 10 168 15 3 ii 1,416 6 o 132 15 i 36 2 i 19 o IO O 948 o 6 104 7 8 1,585 i 3 1 1 12 igi II 2 1,585 i 3 157 2 II 34 8 3 290 .. 1,052 8 2 94 i 9 1,776 12 5 12 165 05 ,,I 4 1,776 12 5 137 5 o 27 15 5 15 12 7 I 3 2 290 1,146 g ii 2 7 8 466 105 6 2 1,941 12 10 ,,14 15 181 15 ii ' 1,941 12 10 156 15 6 25 o 5 16 15 9 290 1,258 10 3 2,123 8 9 | 2,123 8 9 142 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (87) JANUARY Rect. No. Date Name Discount and Commission Fo. Credit Sales Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Credit Sales Cash Sales 1895 s d s d s d s d s d 18 ii 140 15 8 B/F 557 3 J 288 10 8 Jan. 15 Johnson, S. 18 Cash sales !3 31 8 6 Back No's sales 14 -. Sundiy persons 12 9 43 do 12 46' 18 3 ' i 604 i 4 319 19 2 16 Cash sales 13 32 i 9 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 15 3 2 43 do. 12 47 o 6 651 i 10 352 II 17 Williams & Moist 10 13 16 9 Cash sales 13 35 9 8 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 14 i 10 43 do 12 40 2 9 705 i 4 387 10 7 18 Cash sales 13 3i 6 3 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 12 y 6 43 12 38 i 10 743 3 2 418 16 10 19 Cash sales 13 33 9 ii Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 8 15 2 43 do. 12 39 7 782 3 9 452 6 9 21 Cash sales 13 32 8 6 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 9 18 o 43 do. 12 40 3 ii 822 7 8 484 15 3 22 Moses & Co i o 4 33 Taylor, C., & Co. . . . . 4 i 4 42 Cash sales 13 33 ii 10 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 10 3 o 43 do. 12 45 6 2 867 13 10 5i8 7 i n 23 Cash sales 13 34 2 8 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 12 3 4 43 do 12 47 o 9 914 14 7 552 9 9 24 Cash sales 13 39 i 6 Back No's sales J 4 Sundry persons .. ii i 7 43 do 12 48 i 10 962 16 5 59i " 3 25 May, F Cash sales 16 3 34 13 39 18 3 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 10 2 10 43 do. 12 46 o ii 1008 17 4 631 9 6 26 Cash sales 13 3i 2 3 Back No's sales . . 14 Sundry persons do. 935 43 12 46 10 i 18 n 271 16 2 C/F I0 55 7 5 662 n 9 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 143 1895. (87) Cash received Cash to Bank Back No's Sales .Subscriptions Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Total Daily Date C.B. Fo. Amount s d 16 15 9 19 i s d 290 s d 15 o o s d 1258 10 3 103 i ii s d 2123 8 9 197 7 9 2320 16 6 225 ii 6 1895 Jan. 15 16 16 H 17 17 18 H 18 19 a 19 21 a 21 22. u 22 23 23 2 4 n 24 25 25 26 26 28 B/F 88 C/F s d 2123 8 9 165 7 6 32 o 3 17 14 10 i 6 8 290 1500 1361 12 2 145 2 7 2320 16 6 181 ii 6 44 o o 19 i 6 i o 8 290 15 o o 1506 14 9 131 9 3 2546 8 o 221 19 i 2546 8 o 185 10 i 36 9 o 20 2 2 i 7 9 290 15 o o 1638 4 o IIO 2 10 2768 7 i 180 18 8 2768 7 i 146 18 6 34 o 2 21 9 II I 8 2 290 15 o o 1748 6 10 72 i ii 2949 5 9 146 o 7 2949 5 9 in 9 8 34 10 n 22 l8 I I 4 2 290 15 o o 1820 8 9 95 ii 2 3095 6 4 169 7 9 3095 6 4 135 7 i 33 19 ii 24 2 3 i 18 i 290 1500 1915 19 n 932 36 ii 8 94 i 7 3264 14 i 220 12 6 3264 14 i 185 n 10 35 o 8 26 o 4 i 19 6 290 15 o o 2055 16 4 3485 6 7 no 114 193 14 3 3485 6 7 156 H 3 37 o o 27 19 10 i 3 10 290 15 o o 2166 7 8 3679 o 10 109 i 6 197 8 8 3679 o 10 148 10 2 48 18 6 29 3 8 i 10 3 290 15 o o 2275 9 2 766 97"6 3 3876 9 6 192 2 2 3876 9 6 148 3 8 43 18 6 30 13 ii i 18 o 290 15 o o 2380 i n 84 ii 9 4068 ii 8 164 2 I 4068 n 8 131 2 10 32 19 3 32 ii ii 290 15 o o 2464 13 8 4232 13 9 4232 13 9 144 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (87) JANUARY Rect. No. Date Particulars Discount and Commission Fo. Credit Sales Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Credit Sales Cash Sales 1895 Jan. 28 .. 29 ,. 30 3i Cash sales Back No's sales Sundry persons do. Mitchell, C Cash Sales Back No's sales Sundry persons do. Hill & Co Cash sales Back No's sales Sundry persons do. Cash sales Back No's sales Sundry persons do. do do s d 18 ii s d :: s d 271 16 2 8 15 o 13 4 8 10 6 10 3 9 12 4 10 6 7 B/F 13 J 4 43 12 37 13 H 43 12 38 13 J 4 43 12 13 M 43 12 16 22 s d 1.055 7 5 49 "i 8 s d 662 ii 9 32 8 6 1,104 9 i 5i 3 4 695 o 3 33 i 9 I.I55 12 5 58" 9 i 728 2 O 36 9 i 1,214 i 6 50 ii i 764 ii i 37 10 5 18 ii 310 4 2 99 1,264 12 7 802 i 6 92 92 93 FEBRUARY Feb. 2 Green, T. P 5 ii 8 o 4 6 Jones & Smith Earl, P. M 17 ii 9 ii 14 9 ii 16 19 10 8 Anderson, R 10 6 28 ii Hart, J Crossley, Moir & Co 15 2 775 40 12 Dodge, P 16 f/ Howard & Co 12 IO 35 13 Johnson, S. Williams & Moist 18 10 9 19 7 21 Peek & Co 21 22 Smithson, J Brown, E. H 20 15 5 2 5 Hill & Co 6 5 38 27 Peel, J. . . 6 18 4 7 28 Cash sales 13 778 2 3 Back No's sales 14 Sundry persons 310 6 3 43 .. do f 12 1,122 I 8 do 16 do 22 17 ii 319 18 7 1,208 8 7 778 2 3 92 99 92 93 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 145 1895. (87) Cash Received Cash to Bank Back No's Sales Subscriptions Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Total Daily Date C.B. Fo. Amount s d 32 ii ii 229 s d 290 s d 15 o o s d 2,464 13 8 87 6 i s d 4,232 13 9 170 19 o 1895 Jan. 28 29 Jan. 29 30 Jan. 30 3i Jan. 31 Feb. i B/F 88 s d 4,232 13 9 135 IS 2 35 o 10 34 14 8 235 290 15 o o 2,55i 19 9 602 81' 6 3 4,403 12 9 173 14 " 4,403 12 9 137 14 i 1 36 o o 36 18 i i 18 9 290 15 o o 2,639 6 2 4 12 5 92 4 8 4.577 7 8 193 14 o 4.577 7 8 145 14 o 48 o o 38 16 10 i 15 6 290 93 i 9 15 o o 64 O 2 2,736 3 3 86 10 7 4,771 i 8 333 9 6 4,771 i 8 294 8 4 39 i 2 40 12 4 95 10 9 79 2 2,822 13 10 5.104 II 2 5,104 ii 2 94 95 96 .99 1895. .. .. Feb. 1/28 88 5,187 13 8 "e o 45 o o 5 H 6 6 16 10 66 6 7 5 15 2 .. 4 3 6 i 4 6 2 17 7 42 2 IO 2,801 o 7 .. 97 8 2 122 6 7 5,187 13 8 42 2 10 97 H 2 172 14 7 2,888 ii 3 5.187 13 8 5,187 13 8 94 95 .96 99 146 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (87) MARCH ect. No. Date Particulars Discount and Commission Fo. Credit Sales Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Credit Sales Cash Sales i395 Mar. i 2 II 12 18 19 24 30 31 Thomas, P Jones, F Green, T. P Myall G I s d d 6 ii o s d II I 2 7 2 19 2 289 i 10 19 27 5 36 9 % 28 16 J 3 M 43 12 16 22 s cl 937 7 16 9 1,342 6 i s d 794 'i 7 Jones & Smith May, F Gibbons, T Anderson, R Fitch, K Cash Sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do. do. do. " 6 n o 291 16 7 1,359 6 5 794 i 7 96 .99 , 93 APRIL Apr.i/30 Cash sales Back No's sales 13 14 8lO 2 I Sundry persons do. 254 ii 6 43 12 908 i 10 do 16 do 22 254 " 6 908 i 10 810 2 i 99 93 MAY May 1/31 Cash sales Back No's sales Sundry persons do'. '.! '.'. '.'. do. 4 18 o 352 I 10 13 14 43 12 16 22 1,108 5 9 822 i 9 4 18 o 352 I 10 :i,io8 5 9 822 i 9 96 99 98 93 JUNE Jun.i/3G Cash sales Back No's Sales Sundry persons do. do. do. 2^ 10 ;; 329 10 6 13 14 43 12 16 22 977 15 3 825 2 2 26 10 o 329 10 6 977 15 3 825 2 2 m 9.9 92 93 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 147 1895. (87} Cash received Cash to Bank Back No's Sales Subscriptions Sundry Sales Advertise- ments Total Daily Date C.B. Fo. Amount s d s d s d 728 s d 4 19 o s d Mar. 1/31 88 s d 5.175 H o 10 3 5 350 9 9 17 o 8 12 10 45 6 2 2,722 i 9 94 18 7 124 g 10 5.175 14 45 6 2 98 13 4 131 12 6 2,746 14 o 5.i75 14 o 5,175 14 o 91 95 96 99 1895. April 1/30 88 4.56i 4 i 37 i 9 2,629 i i 82 8 i 94 8 6 4,561 4 i 37 i 9 82 8 i 94 8 6 2,629 ! I0 4.561 4 i 4,561 4 i 94 95 96 99 1895. May 1/31 88 4,642 16 10 39 o 10 2,491 o 6 1 89 3 2 93 4 10 4,642 16 10 39 o 10 9 3 2 93 4 10 2,491 o 6 4,642 16 10 4,642 16 10 91 95 96 99 1895. June 1/30 88 4.775 6 5 j8 12 3 2,717 i 4 ioi 10 5 H5 5 o 4,775 6 5 38 12 3 101 10 5 "5 5 o 2,717 i 4 4,775 6 5 4.775 6 5 , 133 5 2 2 10 Eastern Telegraph Co. 4 > 33 17 3 12 Wages )> ,1 121 7 10 Petty Cash 5 41 16 6 Postage B1 M M 173 7 10 7 21 I 3 14 Jones & Robinson 8, ,. 159 16 3 3i 15 ii 4 5 Eyre & Spottiswoode. . White & Co (1 ,, 149 2 10 6 Iron, J 9 () 27 13 6 7 w Brownback, G ,, 124 i 9 8 City of Lon. Electric Co. 10 ( 30 6 4 9 tf Brown & Co. H 132 15 i 10 Green & Co. ii M 36 2 ii Stevens Bros. . . 12 157 2 II 34 8 3 19 Wages Petty Cash ., . 137 5 c II Postage 14 27 15 5 )( 156 15 6 12 21 Downey, F 15 M 25 o 5 13 n Nutt, W. F 165 7 6 14 H Brown, T. 16 32 o 3 15 Whistler, L 17 ' 181 ii 6 44 o o 185 10 i 16 17 1 8 " Joyce, F Jackson, C Wilson, J 18 36 9 o 26 Wages 146 18 6 _ Petty Cash 19 , , 34 o 2 Postage in 9 8 21 | 34 10 II 1 g 3 1 Slater, J 135 7 I0 Capital drawn . . 22 \ 33 19 ii n Salaries n 185 ii 10 20/200 Sundry persons 23 ; ; 35 o 8 i5 6 14 3 201/300 " do. 24 t , 37 o o , , 148 10 2 25 , 48 18 6 148 3 8 26 , , 43 18 6 M , , 131 2 10 28 ) 3 2 19 3 ,, , 135 18 2 Jan. 31 Balance 29 , , 35 o 10 (f , ,, 137 14 ii 30 t 36 o o >, M5 14 o 31 , , ,, 48 o o 294 84 Feb. 'i , " 39 i 2 5,9oo 8 7 Fo. Details 64 89 s d 242 ii i 90 25 o o 9i 1500 70 89 240 14 10 90 25 o o 9i IO 62 63 6s 66 67 71 77 83 89 235 10 ii go 35 o o 'Ji 15 o o 46 50 51 53 56 59 78 89 -49 15 5 90 35 o o 9i 10 81 134 89 60 85 C/D NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 151 1895. (88) ANALYSIS OF PAYMENTS Bank Contri- butors' Ledger Account Invoice Ledger Account Salaries and Wages Book Petty Cash Book Postage Stamps Book Sundry. Account. Folio Amount s d s d s d s d s d s d s d 300 300 242 ii i 25 o o 15 o o 282 ii i 5 i 6 5 i 6 240 14 10 25 o o 10 275 H 10 5 2 10 5 2 10 10 2 8 10 2 8 829 829 4 10 8 4 10 8 5 i 3 5 i 3 22 I 8 22 I 8 15 2 10 15 2 10 26 i 9 26 i 9 7 i 6 7 i 6 235 10 II 35 o o 15 o o 285 10 ii 260 260 13 6 o 13 6 2 7 6 2 7 6 300 300 2 10 2 10 330 3 3 2 12 6 2 12 6 249 15 5 35 o o , . 10 94 15 5 15 7 6 15 7 6 t-,000 -00 775 10 6 775 10 6 Drawings P/L 134 1,000 O 710 i 8 710 i 8 984 i 7 984 i 7 4,75i 15 5 724 i 8 1,113 n 1,744 2 9 I2O O O 50 o o I,OOO O lot 106 89 90 91 1,148 13 2 5,900 8 7 152 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (88) FEBRUARY RECEIPTS PAYMENTS Date Particulars Fo Bank 1 Date Particulars Fo. Details 1895 Feb. i . . To Balance at bank s d 1,148 13 2 301 302 1895 Feb. 1 1 By Star Paper Mills Woodman, A 74 79 s d 303 Jones & Robinson 63 304 B E. London Waterworks 84 Feb 1/28 Cash paid in 87 5,187 13 8 305 306 " White & Co Edwards & Co. 65 80 307 " Smith & Co 68 308 City of London Electric 7 1 309 B Williams, C 72 3 10 18 Brown, T. 51 3" M Storey, T. E 52 312 28 Heep, C Salaries and Wages . . 55 89 Sundry cheques H Petty Cash 90 do. Postage Stamps do. Capital drawn 134 313/450 " u Sundry persons 60 Sundry cheques 451/55 " do. 85 do. Feb. 28 Balance at Bank C/D 6,336 6 10 i^^M^^^^MHBi MARCH Mar. i To Balance at Bank B/D 1,254 o 5 55i Mar. ii By Stevens Bros 83 552 Brown & Co 73 Mar 1/31 Cash paid in . . 87 5,175 H o 553 554 ; Star Paper Mills Green & Co 74 77 15 Smith & Co 68 556 Williams, C 72 31 Salaries and Wages . . 89 Sundry cheques Petty Cash 90 Postage Stamps Capital drawn. . '34 557/700 n Sundry persons 60 701/775 " do. 85 Mar. 31 Balance at bank C/D 6,429 14 5 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 153 1895. (88) ANALYSIS OF PAYMENTS Bank Contribu- tors' Ledger Account Invoice Ledger Account Salaries and Wages Book Petty Cash Book Postage Stamps Book Sundry Account Folio Amount s d s d s d s d s d s d s d 76 8 i 76 8 i 15 3 o I 5 3 o 697 697 25 8 o 25 8 o 4 II 2 4 II 2 20 l8 20 18 o 30 i 2 30 I 2 18 2 10 18 2 10 239 239 i 4 o i 4 o I 10 I 10 i 6 6 i 6 6 1,725 10 o 1,725 10 o I2O O O 120 50 o o 50 o o 1,200 68 1 2 7 68i" 2 ; Drawings 134 1,200 o o 1,102 7 9 1,102 7 9 5,082 6 5 685 3 i i.30i 13 4 1,725 10 o 120 o o 50 o o l,200 J.254 o 5 104 105 89 90 91 6,336 6 10 1895. 4 i 8 4 i 8 27 15 9 27 15 9 71 16 5 71 16 5 33 o o 33 o o 88 18 2 88 18 2 > 2 8 5 2 8 5 1,975 8 o 1,975 8 o 120 O I2O O 60 o o 60 o o 500 o o 673 9 8 673 9 8 Drawings 134 500 o o 1,324 4 6 1,324 4 6 4,881 2 7 673 9 8 !ji,552 4 n 1.975 8 o 120 o o 60 o o 500 o o 1,548 ii 10 _ 6,429 14 5 90 91 154 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (88) APRIL RECEIPTS t PAYMENTS b Date Particulars Fo. Bank Date Particulars Fo. Details April i To Balance at bank B/D s d 1,548 ii 10 776 777 1895 April 15 By Steer & Co. Maudle & Co 75 s d Apl. 1/30 Cash paid in.. 8/ 4,561 4 i 30 Salaries and Wages Petty cash qo April ;/ . Drawings Account . . 134 I,OCO Postage stamps Capital drawn H4 778/850 Sundry persons 60 851/975 do. 8 5 April 30 ,, Balance at bank C/D 7,109 15 II MAY May k To Balance at Bank B/D i.3'9 17 7 976 May 14 3 1 By Banks & Co Salaries and Wages . . 82 8q May i/:,) Cash paid in 87 4,6-1-; ifi 10 z Petty Cash Postage Stamps 90 Qi 977/1100 Sundry Persons 60 IIOI/I2CO " do 5 May 31 Balance at Bank C/D 5,962 14 5 JUNE une i To Balance at Bank Cash paid in B/D 87 1,244 6 5 4,775 6 5 1,201/1,350 1,351/1,450 June 30 By Salaries and Wages . . Petty Cash Postage Stamps Sundry persons n do. 89 90 60 85 une 30 To Balance at Bank B/D June 30 Balance at Bank C/D 6,019 12 10 1,298 19 o NKWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 155 1895. (88) ANALYSIS OF PAYMENTS Bank Contri- butors' Ledger Account Invoice Ledger Account Salaries and Wages Book Petty Cash Book Postage Stamps Book Sundry Account Fo. Amount s d 37 3 2 97 16 i 1,705 9 6 I2O 55 o o 1,200 o o 732 8 10 1,842 o 9 s d 732 8 10 s d 37 3 2 97 16 i 1,842 o 9 s d 1,705 9 6 s d I2O O O s d 55 o o Drawings '34 s d 1,20:1 o o 5,789 18 4 i,3i9 i? 7 732 8 10 1,977 o o 1,705 9 6 __________ 89 120 o o 55 o o l,200 104 105 90 91 7,109 15 ii 1895. 418 18 o 1,695 19 i 120 50 o o 707 I II 1,726 9 o /07 I II 418 18 o 1,726 9 o 1,695 19 i 120 50 o o \ 4,718 8 o 1,244 6 5 5,962 14 5 707 I II 2,145 7 o 101 1,695 19 i ________ 89 120 o o 50 o o == 104 90 91 _______ 1895. 1,910 o ii 120 50 o o 686 16 8 1.953 16 3 686 'i6 8 1-953 16 3 1,910 o ii 120 50 o o 4,720 13 10 1,298 19 o 686 i 6 8 104 i,953 16 3 105 1,910 o ii 120 o o 90 50 o o 91 89 6,019 12 IO SALARIES AND WAGES BOOK 158 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. Dr. Cr. Date C.B. Fo. Amount drawn Date Name Department Voucher 1895 Jan. 5.. n 19- 88 s d 242 ii i 240 14 10 235 10 ii T 1895 Jan. 5.. M 12.. (Names and amounts are set out in detail in actual transactions, but only the totals are here given) do. Composing Foundry Machining Distributing Composing Foundry (Sundry) 26. . 31 " 249 15 5 775 10 6 19 do. Machining Distributing Composing Foundry 26. . 31 do. do. Machining Distributing Composing Foundry Machining Distributing Canvassing Editorial General 1,744 2 9 Feb. 28. . 88 1,725 10 o Feb. 28.. (Full details should be here given as indicated above) Mar. 31. . 88 1,975 8 o Mar. 31.. do. do. April 30. . 88 1,705 9 6 April 30. . do. do. May 31.. 88 1,695 19 i May 31.. do. do. June 30.. 88 1,910 o ii June 30. . do. do. NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. 159 (89) General Ledger Dr. Amount Canvassing Editorial Composing Foundry Machining Distributing General d 170 10 s d s d s d 170 2 10 s d s d s d s d 14 8 14 i 8 19 6 19 2 6 39 i 39 4 * 171 i 2 171 10 2 13 6 13 o 6 19 6 19 2 6 37 8 37 i 8 163 i 163 5 i 13 6 13 o 6 19 6 19 2 6 40 10 40 2 10 i?5 4 175 6 4 13 6 13 o 6 19 6 19 2 6 42 6 i 42 6 i 27 it o 27 ii o 500 i 10 500 i 10 247 17 8 247 17 8 1,744 2 9 27 ii o 500 i 10 680 4 5 53 3 2 76 10 o 158 14 8 247 17 8 101 106 106 no 112 117 125 1,725 10 o 27 ii o 500 i 10 665 6 o 52 2 O 76 10 o 156 i 6 247 17 8 101 106 108 110 112 117 125 1,975 8 o 27 ii o 500 7 3 855 10 9 65 2 4 95 12 6 198 7 7 232 16 7 101 106 108 110 712 117 225 1,705 9 6 27 ii o 500 7 3 632 i o 59 i 4 76 10 o 157 o 8 252 18 3 101 106 108 110 112 117 125 1,695 19 i 27 ii o 5oo 7 3 621 8 9 59 i 4 76 10 o 158 2 6 252 18 3 101 106 108 110 222 117 125 1,910 o ii 27 ii o 5oo 7 3 772 15 3 73 16 8 91 6 o 191 6 6 252 18 3 101 106 108 110 112 1 1Z7 125 PETTY CASH BOOK 162 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (90) Dr. Cr. Date Particulars C.B Fo. Amount Date Particulars Amount Canvassers' Expenses 1895 Jan. i 5 ii 12 19 26 To Balance in hand Cash from bank B/D 88 s d 13 2 8 25 o o 25 o o 35 o o 35 o o 1895 Jan. i 2 3 4 5 I 9 10 ii 12 14 3 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 3 28 29 30 31 By Payments as per Memo Book s d 4 i 3 2 II i 18 3 3 4 8 4 15 2 6 16 5 3 7 10 4 7 5 6 10 5 467 3 14 7 3 H 10 5 18 8 5 2 4 672 2 19 3 496 5 16 6 4 ii 3 4 19 8 3 19 i 553 637 4 17 2 4 13 o 3 19 7 476 * d -- 15 2 13 9 12 2 i o 7 122 17 II 3 i 8 31 By Balance in hand C/D 10 4 9 102 133 2 8 133 2 8 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Balance in hand Cash from b?nk (set out in detail) r/n 88 10 4 9 120 Feb. 28 By Payments- total of daily entries set out in same way as above By Balance in hand C/D 122 5 3 7 19 6 2 17 8 102 130 4 9 130 4 9 Feb. 28 To Balance in hand B/D 7 19 6 Mar. 31 By Payments 117 o ii 3 16 3 Mar. 31 Cash from bank 88 I2O O Balance in hand C/D 10 18 7 10$ 127 19 6 127 19 6 Mar. 31 To Balance in hand B/D 10 18 7 April 30 By Payments 115 18 10 4 5 9 April 30 Cash from bank 88 120 Balance in hanc C/D 14 19 9 102 130 18 7 130 18 7 April 30 To Balance in hand B/D 14 19 9 May 31 By Payments 119 9 o 3 17 i May 31 Cash from bant, 88 120 Balance in hanc C/D 15 10 9 102 134 19 9 134 19 9 May 31 June 30 To Balance in hand Cash from bank B/D 88 15 10 9 120 June 30 By Payments Balance in hanc C/D 124 8 4 II 2 5 4 i 8 102 135 10 9 135 10 9 June 30 To Balance in hand B/D II 2 5 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 163 (90) General Ledger Dr. Editorial Composing Machining Distribution Gen sral Expenses Expenses Expenses Travelling Carriage Sundry Telegrams Sundry s d s d s d s d s d s d s d s d i i 8 . . i 8 19 10 IO IO 2 10 i 8 2 9 .. 2 3 16 3 4 8 3 2 i 9 2 II ii 8 17 7 4 8 2 I 2 3 19 2 8 10 13 4 i 9 18 3 3 4 '8 4 8 6 17 8 6 3 2 6 9 i 7 8 U 6 i 10 9 5 3 4 i i 9 iii 18 6 8 i 4 6 8 6 I 3 4 5 10 5 19 2 9 7 5 9 9 3 8 10 15 9 i 9 i ii 9 7 2 9 2 15 7 9 3 17 2 6 2 10 II I 8 2 4 2 18 3 7 i i 3 8 9 5 6 19 i II 2 6 7 9 3 8 9 is 2 i8 3 3 2 121 12 7 7 10 2 7 3 2 I i ii 6 4 9 5 4 ii 6 7 2 i 8 i 13 10 ii 3 8 2 15 4 16 ii 17 2 6 2 2 5 4 8 8 10 16 7 18 i 6 3 3 2 4 6 8 9 18 9 19 5 9 i i o 6 - i 3 7 6 "3 6 17 10 6 5 19 8 i i 7 2 3 103, 9 10 2 I 13 8 8 3 2 9 2 10 4 2 3 4 i 6 3 4 2 3 4 6 17 2 10 8 6 8 5 8 3 4 i 9 ii 6 8 i 4 6 17 3 i 8 .. 2 4 8 5 i 9 4 3 18 2 2 3 6 9 6 19 6 3 9 16 3 3 6 . . 2 10 15 4 2 13 o 4 7 "2 6 8 6 12 10 4 8 13 o 6 o 826 252 i 19 8 30 5 8 45 i 10 8 i 10 15 9 i 8 10 6 707 109 773 119 720 755 123 730 7 8 2 3 i o 2 3 8 28 6 i 42 9 o 9 10 6 18 9 8 7 19 6 K0- 709 113 779 750 755 755 730 8 5 4 121 i 8 9 25 8 9 48 o 9 7 6 i 14 2 7 7 10 4 707 709 113 779 75(9 755 75S 735 6 19 2 i 6 4 i 15 4 29 2 3 42 3 10 X 2 9 13 i 9 918 107 109 773 779 750 755 128 730 8 i o 2 I 8 237 28 i 9 47 i 9 892 II 2 IO 8 10 2 707 109 773 779 750 755 128 730 9 13 10 6 3 2 12 I 34 16 4 42 4 i 8 10 9 ii 15 4 10 8 o KW 709 773 779 750 755 75S 730 I OF THE UNIVERSITY OF POSTAGE BOOK 166 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (91) Dr. Cr. GENERAL LEDGER Date Particulars Fo. B/D 88 B/D 88 B'D 88 B/D 88 B/D 88 B/D 88 B/D Amount Date Particulars Amount Copies Editors' Letters Office Letters Invoices & statements Trade circulars, &c. 1895 Jan. i 5 12 19 26 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 Mar. 31 Apr. 30 Apr. 30 May 31 May 31 June 30 June 30 To Balance in hand Cash from bank To Balance in hand Cash from bank To Balance in hand Cash from banK To Balance in hand Cash from bank To Balance in hand Cash from bank To Balance in hand Cash from bank To Balance in hand s d 9 i 8 15 o o 10 15 o o 10 1895 Jan. 31 31 Feb. 28 Mar 31 Apr. 30 May 31 June 30 (Daily totals will be set out here as in the Petty Cash Bk) By Balance in hand By Payments Balance in hand By Payments Balance in hand By Payments Balance in hand By Payments Balance in hand By Payments Balance in hand s d 51 18 6 732 s d 25 10 2 s d 923 s d IO I IO s d 2 I 9 s d 5 2 6 181 26 i 8 --- 8 7 5 26 1 II 2 8 8~~4 17 246 4 i 10 59 i 8 59 i 8 51 18 i 5 5 i 732 50 o o 57 3 2 57 3 2 55 3 5 10 i 8 121 28 9 6 10 2 9 25 16 5 127 10 i 51 3 i a - 3 8 7 5 5 i 60 o o 65 5 i 65 5 i 51 o 6 14 i i 121 24 2 I ; 9 o 6\ 9 i 5 3 11 27 3 15 2 5 i 4 10 i 8 55 o o 65 i 8 14 I 2 50 o o 65 i 8 54 15 10 954 121 25 8 7 708 26 18 5 \ 127 II I 6| 2 2 31 9 2 10 64 I 2 64 i 2 121 26 10 9 ~- 7 8 i 20 L II 2 3 7 3 ?7 3 i 4 5 5 9 954 50 o o 53 8 2 5 17 2 59 5 4 5 17 2 59 5 4 121 26 17 5 127 GENERAL LEDGER INDEX Fo. Advertisement Ledger Account... ... ... 99 Advertising ... ... ... ... 132 Advertisement Agents' Commission ... ... 100 Back Numbers Sales .. ... ... 94 Bad Debts ... ... ... ... 133 Canvassers' Salaries... ... ... .. 101 do. Expenses ... ... ... 102 do. Commission ... ... ... 103 Carriage ... ... .. ... 120 Cash Sales Account... .. ... ... 93 Commission on Sales ... ... ... 97 Composing Wages ... ... ... ... 108 do. Expenses ... ... ... 109 Contents Bill ... ... ... ... 129 Contributors' Ledger Account ... ... ... 104 Discount on Sales .. ... ... ... 93 Distribution Wages... ... ... ... 117 do. Expenses (Sundry) ... ... 122 Editorial Salaries ... ... ... ... 106 do. Expenses ... ... ... ... 107 Foundry Wages ... ... ... ... HO do. Expenses. . ... ... ... Hi Gas and Water ... ... ... ... 124 General Salaries and Wages ... ... ... 125 Horse and Cart Hire ... ... ... 118 Illustrations ... ... ... ... 115 Invoice Ledger Account ... ... ... 105 Law and Accountancy ... ... ... 131 Machining Wages ... ... ... ... 112 do. Expenses ... ... ... 113 Paper ... ... ... ... ... 114 Postage of copies ... ... ... ... 121 do. (General) ... ... ... ... 127 Bent, Bates and Taxes ... ... ... 123 Eepairs and Wear and Tear ... ... ... 116 Sales Ledger Account ... ... ... 92 Stationery (General) ... ... ... 126 Subscription Ledger Account ... ... ... 95 Sundries do. do. ... ... ... 96 Sundry Expenses ... ... ... 130 Travelling Expenses ... ... ... 119 Telegrams ... ... 128 168 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (92} SALES 1 895 Jan. i Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 April 30 May 31 June 30 To Balances outstanding . . ,, Sales as per Day Book D/B 2 s d I,2IO 2 8 I,IO4 ! 1,187 6 2 1,200 I 6 1,091 o 9 1,170 7 i B/F s d 1,012 I 8 Add Reserve i Jan. 1895 written back 6,962 1 8 3 300 o o Deduct Reserve 30 June 1895. . 7,262 1 8 3 250 o o P/L 140 7,012 18 3 June 30 ,, Balances outstanding Reserve for Returns C/D 18 2 9 250 o o 8,293 2 8 June 30 To Balances outstanding " B/D 1,122 3 6 (93) CASH 1895 s d s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Sales as per Cash Sales Book C/S/B I 3 802 i 6 778 2 3 Mar. 31 t) 794 i 7 April 30 n 810 2 i May 31 822 i 9 June 30 i 825 2 2 P/L 140 4,831 ii 4 4,831 " 4 (94) BACK No's 1895 s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Sales as per Back No's Sales Book B/N/B 14 40 12 4 42 2 IO Mar. 31 X ), ,, 45 6 2 April 30 May 31 " 37 i 9 39 o 10 June 30 38 12 3 P/L I 4 242 16 2 242 16 2 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 169 LEDGEB ACCOUNT. (92} 1 895 s d s d Jan. i By Balances outstanding ,, Reserve for " Returns " D/F 15 i 8 300 o o Jan. 31 Feb. 28 ,, Cash received C/R 87 1,264 I2 7 1,208 8 7 Mar. 31 ,, ,, , 1,359 6 5 Apr. 30 i, i> p 908 i 10 May 31 ,, , i, 108 5 9 June 30 977 J 5 3 Jan. 31 ,, Discount allowed C/R 87 18 ii Feb. 28 17 ii June 30 n n t > 26 10 o 28 6 10 June 30 Bad Debt written off Clarke S/L 7 i o 3 G/L 133 i o 3 June 30 Balances outstanding C/D 1,122 3 6 8,293 2 8 June 30 Balances outstanding B/D 18 2 9 " ,, Reserve for Returns 250 o o SALES. (03) 1895 s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 By Cash as per Cash Received Book . . C/R 87 802 i 6 778 2 3 Mar. 31 >' 794 i 7 April 30 n 810 2 i M ay 31 D n 822 i 9 June 30 825 2 2 4,831 ii 4 _ _^______ SALES. 1895 s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 By Cash as per Cash Received Book . . C/R 87 " 40 12 4 42 2 10 Mar. 31 45 6 2 April 30 37 i 9 May 31 n 39 o 10 June 30 M , 38 12 3 242 16 2 170 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (95) SUBSCRIPTIONS 1895 Jan. i To Balances outstanding s d B/F s d 18 2 6 Mar. 31 June 30 June 30 June 30 Subscriptions, proportion expired. . do. Balances unexpired To Balances outstanding S/L 16 256 I 2 260 13 3 P/L 140 C D B/D 5i6 14 5 534 8 7 1,069 5 6 23 o 4 (96) SUNDRIES 1 895 s d s d Jan. i Jan. 31 To Balances outstanding Drawing Blocks, &c. Sold . S/D/B 17 17 15 6 B/D 45 2 7 Feb. 28 13 8 o Mar. 31 22 I 3 April 30 ii " " t 18 5 o May 31 ii it .... M 19 2 3 June 30 .... '. 13 15 o P/L I 4 104 7 o Jan. 31 Waste Paper Sold 17 60 10 6 Feb. 28 26 6 10 Mar. 31 ii ii .... M 24 i 9 April 30 May 31 .... 33 9 8 27 i 6 June 30 ,', .... '.'. 3i 4 5 P/L 140 202 14 8 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Sundries Sold 17 42 ii o 67 II 2 Mar. 31 D ' H 72 19 9 April 30 ii n .... H 7 1 9 4 May 31 ii n 63 5 o June 30 .... .. 77 19 6 P/L 140 395 15 9 748 o o June 30 To Balances outstanding .. .. B/D 5 5 5 COMMISSION ON SALES. (.97) T 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Sundries 61 s d 2 12 6 27 o 8 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L I 4 s d 162 13 4 Mar. 31 31 3 9 May 31 ii 11 69 8 o June 30 .. 32 8 5 162 13 4 162 13 4 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 171 LEDGER ACCOUNT. (95) 1895 Jan. i Jan. 31 Feb 28 By Balances unexpired Cash received s d B/F c/Rb; s d 481 3 9 95 10 9 Mar. 31 April 30 May 31 June 30 Mar. 31 Bad debt written off J. Earl S/L 1 6 "i 6 G/L" 1 33 98 13 4 82 8 i 89 3 2 101 10 5 i 6 June 30 Balances outstanding C/D 23 o 4 June 30 By Balances unexpired 8/0 1,069 5 6 LEDGEE ACCOUNT. (96) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 By Cash received s d C/R 87 s d 79 o 2 172 14 7 M*r. 31 131 12 6 April 30 May 31 94 8 6 93 4 10 June 30 Mar. 31 Discounts allowed C/R'S; 6 ii o "5 5 o May 31 ,, 4 18 o G/L 98 1190 June 30 Balances outstanding C/D 50 5 5 748 o o DISCOUNT ON SALES. (98) 1894 June 30 To Credit Sales Ledger ,, Sundry do. G/L 92 9 6 s d 28 6 10 ii 9 o 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 39 15 10 39 J 5 10 39 15 10 172 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. (99) ADVERTISEMENT 1895 Jan. i Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Balances outstanding Advertisements inserted D/B 26 s d 3,4i6 2 6 2,802 o 6 B/D s d 5,5i6 10 7 Mar. 31 , ... 3,691 3 8 April 30 May 31 ' " 3,025 i 10 3,203 9 ? June 30 , 2,775 o 8 i" 18 June 30 ,, Balances prepaid C/D 182 9 6 24,611 18 10 June 30 To Balances outstanding B/D 6.321 3 7 AGENTS' COMMISSION ON ADVERTISEMENTS. (100) 1895 June 3 To Commission allowed ,, Balance outstand- ing G/L 99 C/D s d 1,858 3 2 693 2 I 1895 Jan. i June 30 By Balance outstand- ing ,, Trading Account B/D P/L 140 s d 604 i 9 i,947 3 6 2,551 5 3 June 30 By Balance outstand- ing B/D 2,551 5 3 693 2 I CANVASSERS' SALARIES. (101) 1895 s d 1895 P/L s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 89 27 ii o 27 ii o June 30 By Trading Account 140 165 6 o Mar. 31 27 ii o April 30 >, > 27 1 1 o May 31 ,, , , 27 ii o June 30 27 ii o 165 6 o 165 6 o ~~" NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 173 LEDGER ACCOUNT. (99) 1895 s d S d Jan. i By Balances prepaid B/D 123 i 7 Jan. 31 Feb, 28 Cash received C/R 8 7 2,822 13 10 2,888 ii 3 Mar. 31 ,, M 2,746 14 o April 30 ,1 . . . . ,, 2,629 i 10 May 31 2,491 o 6 June 30 .... .1 2,717 i 4 Jan. 31 Commission allowed C/R 87 310 4 2 Feb. 28 ... 319 18 7 Mar. 31 291 16 7 April 30 ,. M 254 ii 6 May 31 ii 352 I 10 June 30 .... 329 10 6 G/L IOO i 8s8 ^ 2 June 30 Bad Debts written off Williams . . A/L32 13 2 9 Howard . . 35 i 5 o June 30 ,, Balances outstanding . . $ T 4 7 9 6,321 3 7 24,611 18 10 June 30 By Balances prepaid - B/D 182 9 6 CANVASSERS' EXPENSES. (102} 1895 s d 1895 P/T. s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 90 3 i 8 2 17 8 June 30 By Trading Account 140 72 8 i Mar. 31 3 16 3 Apr. 30 459 Sundry 61 23 i 7 May 31 Cash 90 3 J 7 i June 30 4 i 8 ., Sundry . . 61 27 6 5 72 8 i 72 8 i CANVASSERS' COMMISSION. (103} 1895 Jan. 31 To Sundry . . 61 s d 15 3 o T 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 752 5 5 April 30 ,, M 352 o 9 June 30 ,, 385 i 8 752 5 5 752 5 5 174 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (104) CONTRIBUTORS' 1 895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash s d 88 s d 724 i 8 685 3 i Mar. 31 ,, B 673 9 8 April 30 May 31 June 30 June 30 ,, Balances outstanding . . C/D 732 8 10 707 i ii 686 16 8 722 i 3 4,93i 3 i INVOICE LEDGER ACCOUNT. (105) 1895 s d 1895 s d Jan. 31 To Cash 88 1,113 I! Jan. i By Balances outstdng B/D 5,039 8 7 Feb. 28 1,301 13 4 I/B Mar. 31 April 30 May 31 M 1,552 4 ii 1,977 o o 2,145 7 o Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 , Invoices 61 1,834 6 8 i, 068 8 o 1,514 12 2 June 30 June 30 Balances outstand- i,953 16 3 April 30 May 31 , 1,658 i 5 1,340 9 2 ing C/D 4,773 " 4 June 30 , >, 2,361 17 10 14,817 3 10 14,817 3 10 June 30 By Balances outstand- ing .. B/D 4-773 " 4 EDITORIAL SALARIES. (106) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 89 s d 500 i 10 500 i 10 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 3,001 12 8 Mar. 31 500 7 3 April 30 , , 500 7 3 May 31 , , 500 7 3 June 30 , ... > 500 7 3 3,001 12 8 3,001 12 8 ^ ^^^"~ NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 175 LEDGER ACCOUNT. (104) Literature. News 1895 Jan. i Jan. 3: Feb. 28 Mar. 31 April 30 May 31 June 30 By Balances outstanding Contributions as per Registers . . 44 s d 362 i 8 331 2 9 393 9 7 405 i 7 310 2 3 316 10 6 45 s d 410 i 6 292 2 7 375 i 8 352 8 2 422 i 472 o 10 B/D P/L s d 456 9 10 2,118 8 4 2,323 16 3 140 4,442 4 7 ,, ., Waste Contributions transferred to Expenses 45 32 8 8 G/L 107 32 8 8 June 30 By Balances outstanding B/D 4,93i 3 i 722 i 3 EDITOBIAL. EXPENSES. (107) 1895 Jan. 31 To Sundry 61 s d 39 4 3 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 3i8 9 3 Cash 90 826 Feb. 28 Sundry 61 36 2 9 ) Cash 90 7 8 2 Mar. 31 Sundry 61 33 i 8 n Cash 90 8 5 4 April 30 Sundry 61 42 o 5 Cash 90 6 19 2 May 31 Sundry 61 47 o 9 Cash QO 8 i o June 30 Sundry 61 40 o 9 Cash 90 9 13 10 Transfer from G/L Contributions . . 104 32 8 8 318 9 3 318 9 3 COMPOSING WAGES. (108) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 89 * d 680 4 5 665 6 o 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 4,227 6 2 Mar. 31 855 1 9 April 30 , n 632 i o May 31 i 621 8 9 June 30 772 15 3 4,227 6 2 4,227 6 2 176 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. COMPOSING EXPENSES. (109) 1895 Jan. 31 To Sundry 61 s d 2 17 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 82 o 8 Cash 90 252 Feb. 28 !> 3 i o Mar. 31 M 121 Sundry . . 61 15 2 10 April 30 ,, 21 3 5 n Cash qo i 6 4 May 31 2 I 8 , Sundry . . 6 1 27 i 8 si} 3 , Cash go 6 3 82 o 8 82 o 8 " .., FOUNDRY WAGES. (110) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash . . . . i 89 s d 53 3 2 52 2 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L HO s d 362 6 10 Mar. 31 i 65 2 4 April 30 ,, 59 i 4 May 31 59 i 4 June 30 . . | 73 16 8 i 362 6 10 362 6 10 FOUNDRY EXPENSE- (UL) 1 895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 April 30 May 31 June 30 To Sundry 61 s d 4 i 8 14 3 6 16 6 2 21 3H II 2 7 12 4 9 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 79 2 7 79 2 7 79 2 7 MACHINING WAGES. (112) 1895 Jan. "31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 April 30 May 31 June 30 To Cash .. 89 s d 76 10 o 76 10 o 95 12 6 76 10 o 76 10 o 91 6 o 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 492 18 6 i; I; =1 492 18 6 492 18 6 ^__------ -> NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 177 MACHINING EXPENSES. (113) 1895 /an. 31 To Sundry . 61 s d 122 I II 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 702 6 8 ., Cash 9 i 19 8 Feb. 28 Sundry 61 97 2 6 Cash go 2 3 8 Mar. 31 Sundry 61 103 O 2 , Cash go i 8 g April 30 , Sundry 61 132 i 8. May 31 , Cash , Sundry go 61 i 15 4 129 6 5 , Cash go 237 June 30 , Sundry 61 106 10 ii M , Cash go 2 12 I 702 6 8 702 6 8 ^______ PAPER. (114) 1895 s d 1895 P/I. s d Jan. i 3i To Paper in stock Paper bought . . B/D 61 193 i 10 681 19 2 June 30 By Trading Account ., Paper in stock 140 C/D 3994 o i 198 19 9 Feb. 28 708 2 9 Mar. 31 724 i 6 April 31 May 31 631 8 2 6 4 r 3 7 June 30 613 2 10 4,192 19 10 4,192 19 10 June 30 To Paper in stock B/D 198 19 9 ILLUSTRATIONS. (115) 1895 s d 1895 P/L s d Jan. 31 To Drawings, &c., June 30 By Trading Account 140 268 3 10 bought 61 42 9 3 Feb. 28 do. 39 3 6 Mar. 31 do. 48 i 10 Apr. 30 do. 46 10 2 May 31 do. 41 8 i June 30 do. 50 II 268 3 10 268 3 10 178 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. REPAIRS AND WEAR AND TEAR OF PLANT. (116) 1895 s d 1895 P/L s d Jan. 31 May 31 To Repairs 61 37 3 2 75 o 10 June 30 By Trading Account 140 1,056 2 II June 30 26 i 8 a n Wear and tear P/L Machinery 135 730 7 5 Type 136 95 2 6 Furniture IS7 58 n 6 Fixtures and Fittings 138 33 15 10 1,056 2 II 1,056 2 II DISTRIBUTION WAGES. (117) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 8 9 s d 158 14 8 156 i 6 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 1,019 13 5 Mar. 31 198 7 7 April 30 157 o 8 May 31 ir I 158 2 6 June 30 191 6 6 1,019 13 5 1,019 13 5 HORSE AND CART HIRE. (118) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 April 30 May 31 June 30 To Sundry 61 s d 85 10 o 87 o 8 96 i 9 92 i 8 88 2 9 93 9 5 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 542 6 3 542 6 3 542 6 3 ^^ ^^" "" DISTRIBUTION TRAVELLING EXPENSES. (H9] 1895 Jan. 31 To Cash 90 s d 30 5 8 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 176 o 10 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. 179 DISTRIBUTION CARRIAGE. (1*0) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash . . 90 s d 45 i 10 42 9 o T 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 267 i 3 Mar. 31 48 o 9 April 30 ,, , M 42 3 10 May 31 ,, , 47 J 9 June 30 ,. i. 42 4 i 267 i 3 267 i 3 POSTAGE OF COPIES. (121) 1895 s d 1895 P/L s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 9i 25 10 2 26 i 8 June 30 By Trading Account I 4 156 2 9 Mar. 31 28 9 6 . , April 30 24 2 i May 31 ,, M 25 8 7 June 30 ... .. 26 10 9 156 2 9 156 2 9 "" l " - ""^ 1 ""^~"" DISTRIBUTION SUNDRY EXPENSES. 1895 Jan. 31 To Sundry . 61 s d 9 12 8 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d HO 2 I Cash 9 8 i 10 Feb. 28 ,, Sundry . 61 9 18 6 Cash 90 9 10 6 Mar. 31 Sundry . 61 IO 2 II , Cash . 9 7 6 i April 30 , Sundry . 61 12 II 3 ^ , Cash 9 829 May 31 , Sundry . 61 8 i 7 , Cash 9 892 June 30 , Sundry . 61 9 14 i 11 , Cash 90 8 10 9 110 2 i lIO 2 I RENT, RATES AND TAXES. (123) 1895 Jan. 31 To Sundry 61 s d 15 7 6 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 882 4 3 M n tt H 152 13 n Mar. 31 a n 350 o o May 31 n n 14 2 IO June 30 n 350 882 4 3 882 4 3 180 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. GAS AND WATER. (124) 1895 Jan. 31 To Sundry 61 s d 25 8 o 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 8 d 433 8 10 Apr. 30 n n 210 6 June 30 198 o 4 433 8 10 433 8 10 GENERAL SALARIES AND WAGES. (125} i8os s d 1895 P/L s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 89 247 17 8 247 17 8 ljune 30 By Trading Account 140 1,487 6 8 Mar. 31 n 232 16 7 j April 30 May 31 25? 18 3 252 18 3 1 June 30 H 252 18 3 1,487 6 8 i 1,487 6 8 GENERAL- STATIONERY. (126} 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. ?8 To Sundry 61 s d 24 3 5 15 i 9 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 140 s d 175 2 8 Mar. 31 37 2 8 April 30 May 31 32 i 6 29 2 7 June 30 37 10 9 175 2 8 175 2 8 GENERAL POSTAGE. (127} 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash 9i s d 26 8 4 25 16 5 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L S d 140 1 162 i 9 Mar. 31 26 13 ii April 30 i 26 18 5 May 31 ., 29 7 3 June 30 ., 26 17 5 162 i 9 \i62 i 9 'mmm NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 181 TELEGRAMS. (128) 1895 s d i895 P/L s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Cash go 15 9 i 18 9 8 June 30 By Trading Account 140 84 i 3 Mar. 31 > 14 2 7 April 30 May 31 ' " 13 i 9 II 2 10 June 30 , ii 15 4 84 i 3 84 i 3 CONTENTS BILL. (129} i895 s d 1895 P/L s d Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Sundry 6 27 15 9 22 I 8 June 30 By Trading Account 140 140 18 6 Mar. 31 n D 21 3 7 rl 30 31 " 23 7 4 25 o 6 June 30 i, 21 9 8 140 18 6 140 18 6 GENERAL SUNDRY EXPENSES. (130) 1895 s d 1895 P/L s d Jan. 31 To Sundry . 61 i 2 9 June 30 By Trading Account 140 103 i 10 Feb. 28 Cash Sundry . i? 8 10 6 2 3 6 Cash 90 7 19 6 Mar. 31 Sundry . 61 12 I 7 Cash 90 7 10 4 April 30 Sundry . 61 976 , Cash . 9 9 i 8 May 31 , Sundry . 61 ii o 7 , Cash 90 8 10 2 June 30 , Sundry . 61 ii 5 9 " , Cash 90 10 8 o 103 i 10 103 i 10 == 182 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. LAW AND AUDIT EXPENSES. (131) 1895 June 30 To Sundry . . 61 s d 1 301 6 3 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 104 s d 301 6 3 301 6 3 301 6 3 ADVERTISING. (132) 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 To Sundry . 61 s d ioi 4 9 10 6 3 T 1895 June 30 By Trading Account P/L 104 s d 201 8 Mar. 31 i 17 i 9 t/S'S ... 9 i 7 23 6 5 June 30 . - 39 19 ii 201 o 8 201 o 8 BAD DEBTS. (133) 1895 s d 1895 s d June 30 To Bad Debts writ- Jan. i By Balance, Reserve B/D IIO 2 6 ten off- G/L P/L Sales Ledger 92 i o 3 June 30 Trading Account 140 258 7 6 Subscription Ledger 95 i 6 Advertisement June 30 Ledger Balance & H 7 9 353 o 6 368 10 o 368 10 o 1895 __^__~ June 30 By Balance .. B/D 353 o 6 PRIVATE LEDGER INDEX Fo. Balance Sheet, 30th June 1895... ... ... 141 Capital Account ... ... ... ... 134 Fixtures and Fittings ... ... ... 138 Furniture ... ... ... ... 137 Goodwill ... ... ... 139 Machinery ... ... ... ... 135 Trading Account ... ... ... ... 141 Type ... ... ... ... 136 184 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. CAPITAL ACCOUNT. 1895 Jan. 31 Feb. 28 Mar. 31 April 30 April 30 June 30 To Cash 1,000 o o ,, 1.200 O 500 o o ,, 1,200 O 88 C/D s d 2,900 o o 30,566 6 8 1895 Jan. i June 30 1895 June 30 By Balance Net profit half- year to date . . By Balance . . 3,900 o o Less By Cash 1,000 o o To Balance 33,466 6 8 29,913 4 o 3,553 2 MACHINERY. (135) 1895 Jan. i June 30 To Balance To Balance B/D B/D s d 14,607 8 7 1895 June 30 By Wear and Tear 10% per annum ,, Balance G/L 116 C/D s d 730 7 5 13,877 I 2 14,607 8 7 14,607 8 7 13,877 i 2 TYPE. (236) 1895 Jan. i 3 1 June 30 To Balance . . Purchases To Balance B/D 61 B/D * d 602 3 i 418 18 o 1895 June 30 By Wear and Tear 20% per annum Balance G/L 116 C/D s d 95 2 6 925 18 7 1,021 i i l.Q2I I I 925 18 7 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 185 FURNITUKE. (137) 1895 Jan. i Jan. 31 June 30 To Balance . . Typewriter (Edwards') To Balance B/D 61 B/D s d M54 3 6 20 18 o 1895 June 30 By Wear and Tear 10% per annum Balance G/L 116 C/D s d 58 ii 6 1,116 10 o i,i75 i 6 i,i75 i 6 1,116 10 o FIXTURES AND FITTINGS. (138) 1895 Jan. i June 30 To Balance To Balance B/D B/D s d 675 17 7 1895 June 30 By Wear and Tear 10% per annum Balance.. G/L 116 C/D s d 33 15 10 642 i 9 675 17 7 675 17 7 642 i 9 GOODWILL. (139) T 1895 Jan. i June 30 To Balance To Balance B/D B/D s d 12,500 o o 1895 June 30 By Balance . . C/D s d 12,500 o o 12,500 o o 12,500 o o 12,500 o o 186 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (140) TRADING HALF-YEAR S d s d To COST OF PRODUCTION G/L Contributions Literature 104 2,118 8 4 News 2,323 16 3 4,442 4 7 Editorial Salaries 106 3,001 12 8 Expenses 107 n 3 Composing - Wages 1 08 4,227 6 2 Expenses 109 82 8 Foundry Wages 362 C 10 Expenses in 79 2 7 Machining Wages 112 492 18 6 Expenses "3 702 6 8 Paper 114 3,994 i Illustiations "5 268 3 10 Repairs and wear and tear of Plant 116 1,056 2 ii COST OF DISTRIBUTION 19,026 14 9 Wages . 117 1,019 13 5 Horse and Cart Hire 1x8 54 2 3 Travelling 119 176 10 Carriage 120 267 I 3 Postage of copies 121 156 2 9 Sundry expenses . . 122 no 2 i 2,271 6 7 ,, GENERAL CHARGES Rent, Rates and Taxes 123 882 4 Gas and Water 124 433 8 10 Salaries and Wages Stationery III 1,487 175 6 2 i Postage 127 162 I 9 Telegrams Contents Bill 128 129 84 140 I 18 i Sundry 130 103 i 10 Law and Audit Expenses 131 301 6 Advertising 132 201 8 Bad Debts 133 258 7 6 4,229 O 2 NET PROFIT, carried to Capital Account . . 3,553 2 8 29,080 4 2 | I NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 187 ACCOUNT. ENDING 30TH JUNE 1895. (140) By SALES Credit.. Cash Back Numbers . . Subscriptions G/L 92 93 94 95 s d s d 7,012 18 3 4,831 n 4 242 16 2 5i6 14 5 s d Drawing Blocks. &c. .. Waste Paper Sundries 96 12,604 O 2 104 7 o 2O2 14 8 395 15 9 Less Commission Discount $ 162 13 4 39 i5 10 13,306 17 7 202 9 2 ,, ADVERTISEMENTS Less Agents' Commission . . Canvassers' Salaries . . ,, Expenses Comm. . . 99 100 IOI 102 103 i,947 3 6 165 6 o 72 8 i 752 5 5 18,912 18 9 29,080 4 2 188 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. (141) BALANCE 30TH JUNE To SUNDRY CREDITORS Sales Ledger Subscription Ledger Advertisement Ledger Contributors' Ledger Invoice Ledger CAPITAL Balance, sist December 1894 . . Net Profit, Half-year to 30th June 1895 G/L 92 95 99 104 105 P/L 134 s d 18 2 9 534 8 7 182 9 6 722 i 3 4,773 ii 4 s d 6,230 13 5 29,913 4 o 3.553 2 8 33,466 6 8 Deduct Cash drawn during half-year . . Balance, 3oth June 1895 2,900 o o 30,566 6 8 36,797 o i NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 189 SHEET. (141} 1895. 1 : By SUNDRY DEBTORS Sales Ledger Subscription Ledger Sundries Ledger Advertisement Ledger G/L 92 95 96 99 s d s d 1,122 3 6 23 o 4 50 5 5 6,321 3 7 s d Less- Reserve for " Returns" Commission outstand- 92 250 o o 7,5l6 12 IO ing IOO 693 2 I Bad Debt Provision . . 133 353 o 6 1,290 2 7 6,220 10 3 ,, CASH AT BANK AND IN HAND C/B 88/90/91 r* /T i,3i5 18 7 STOCK OF PAPER G/L 114 198 19 9 ,, PLANT Machinery 135 13,877 I 2 Type Furniture Fixtures and Fit- 137 925 18 7 1,116 10 o tings 138 642 i 9 ,, GOODWILL AND COPYRIGHT 16,561 ii 6 (cost) 139 12,500 o o 36,797 o i ====== APPENDIX B. Special Rulings of Books for Papers of small Circulation. CONTENTS 1. Invoice Book. 2. Cash Book. 3. Petty Cash Book. 1-INVOICE BOOK 194 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. PURCHASES AND EXPENSES Invoice Ledger Invoice No. Date Name Particulars Contribu- tions Fo. Dr. Cr. s d s d s d NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 195 ANALYSIS Sundry Editorial Expenses Production Expenses Paper Distribu- tion Expenses General Charges Advertis- ing Account Fo Amount s d s d s d I s d s d s d e.c., Rent, rates s d &c., Repairs, Purchase of Plant, &C..&C. 2-CASH BOOK 198 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. RECEIPTS Rect. No. Date Particulars Commission on Adver- tisements Led. Fo. Credit Sales Cash Sales Subscrip- tions L s d ! s d s d s d NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 199 PAYMENTS Advertise- ments Total to Bank Vouchr No. Date Particulars Led. Fo. Details Bank ! s d s d s d s d I 3-PETTY CASH BOOK 202 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. RECEIPTS PAYMENTS Date Particulars C. B. Fo. Amount Date Particulars I- (Balance in hand) (Drawn from bank) . s d I NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 203 ANALYSIS OF PAYMENTS Amount Canvassers' Expenses Editorial Expenses Production Expenses Distribu- tion Expenses General Expenses Postage of Copies Postage of Letters s d s d s d s d s d s d s d s d APPENDIX C. Special Rulings of Books for Evening Papers. CONTENTS 1. Bookstalls Order Book. 2. do. Sales Book. 3. Cart Book. 4. Street Sales Book. 5. Cartmen's Wages Book. 6. Street-Sellers' Wages Book. 7. Cash Sales Book. 1-BOOKSTALLS ORDER BOOK 208 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. TTH JANUARY 1895. "rt 3 "rt 2nd 4 th 5th 1 D< "1 Total 2nd 4th 5th 1 S| Total C/) Cfl w G. W. R. B/F L: & N. W. R. 282 250 178 103 ~ 827 (contd.) Bath 36 36 Bristol 70 70 Rugby 15 15 5 35 Cheltenham J 7 17 Watford 6 6 13 25 Oxford 16 36 Willesden 7 7 "e 16 12 48 Reading H 16 23 12 65 S. E. R. G. E. R. Blackheath 4 8 14 8 34 Greenwich 4 12 6 8 36 Cambridge.. Clapton 2 14 2 30 3 2 44 9 Hastings Lewisham 13 2 2 26 2 4 39 16 Colchester 12 12 Hackney Downs . . 3 3 3 2 II Stratford 2 "e 7 2 17 M. R. Bedford 10 25 13 t< 48 Manchester 16 16 G. N. R. (Central) Finsbury Park 5 4 8 12 29 L. C. & D. R. Highgate Peterboro . . 9 10 10 10 19 Camberwell 2 2 _ 10 Dulwich 2 2 3 12 JQ Ramsgate 2 II 13 L. & S. W. R. MET. & DISTRICT Aldershot 3 4 ii II 29 Bournemouth E. . . 20 5 25 Addison Road 4 8 9 28 13 62 do. W. . . 20 20 Charing Cross . . 8 16 20 78 32 154 Clapham Junction Guildford .. 4 4 10 20 12 12 8 38 ! 32 Mansion House . . 20 26 65 286 39 436 Richmond . . 15 13 18 60 i N. L. R. L. B. & S. C. R. Chalk Farm Hampstead 3 *l\ } 8 9 2 19 30 Mildmay Park .. I 2 3 6 Croydon, W. 2 I 5 6 3 17 Eastbourne 24 26 52 102 ' Lewes 6 16 ' 6 28 TERMINI Streatham Hill . . 6 8 7 9 3 Paddington Euston i 136 186 49 120 210 158 87 742 427 L. & N. W. R. Cannon Street . . 64 122 159 254 22O 819 Sundry Stations Birmingham 30 30 which from want Kilburn 3 4 'e 13 of space are not Liverpool, Lime St. 12 12 above enumerated 3,235 2,980 2,995 4,601 3,538 17,349 C/F 282 250 178 103 H 827 3,78i 3,694 13,820 5,784 4,131 21,210 2-BOOKSTALLS SALES BOOK 210 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. WEEK ENDING 12TH JANUARY 1895. , 8th 9th ioth iith i2th Total j 7 th 8th gth ioth nth i2th Total G. W. R. B/F L. & N. W. R. 827 827 827 827 ~7 27 827 4,962 (contd.) Bath 36 36 36 36 36 36 216 Bristol 70 70 70 70 7 7 420 Rugby .. 35 35 35 35 35 35 210 Cheltenham . . Oxford 17 52 17 52 17 52 17 52 52 17 52 102 312 Wattord Villesden 11 2 5 48 25 48 48 25 48 11 150 288 Reading 65 65 65 65 65 65 390 ' S. E. R. G. E. R. Blackheath 34 34 34 34 34 34 204 Greenwich 36 36 36 36 36 36 216 Cambridge Clapton 44 9 44 9 44 9 44 9 44 9 44 9 26 4 54 iastings ^ewisham 39 16 39 16 39 16 39 16 39 16 39 16 234 96 Colchester 12 12 12 12 12 12 72 HackneyDowns n II II II II II 66 ! Stratford 17 17 17 17 17 17 102 M. R. Bedford.. 48 48 48 48 48 48 288 Gvj p Manchester . IN . IN.. (Central) 16 16 16 16 16 16 96 Finsbury Park 29 29 29 29 29 29 174 Highgate Peterboro 10 10 19 in 19 10 19 IO 19 IO 19 60 114 L. C. & D R. Camberwell . . 10 IO 10 10 10 10 60 )ulwich 1C 19 19 19 19 19 114 L. & S. W. R. ^amsgate 13 I* i] 13 13 13 78 Aldershot Bournemouth E. 29 25 29 25 29 25 29 25 29 25 29 25 174 150 MET. & DIST. W. 20 20 20 20 2O 20 120 Addison Road . . 62 62 62 62 62 62 372 Claph'm Junctn Guildford Richmond 38 g 38 g 38 g 38 g 38 38 228 192 360 Charing Cross. . Mansion House 154 436 154 436 154 436 154 436 154 436 154 436 924 2,616 N. L. R. L. B. & S. C. R Chalk Farm . . 19 19 19 19 19 Ig 114 CroydonW. .. Eastbourne I O2 17 I O2 17 IO2 17 102 17 102 17 IO2 I O2 612 Hampstead Mildmay Park. 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 30 3 6 1 80 36 Lewes 28 28 28 28 28 28 168 Streatham Hill 30 30 30 30 30 30 180 TERMINI Paddington 742 7 4 2 742 742 742 742 4,452 L. & N. W. R. Euston 427 427 427 427 427 427 2,562 Cannon Street 8ic 815 815 819 8ig 819 4,914 Birmingham . . 30 30 30 30 30 30 1 80 Sundry stations which from Kilburn Liverpool (Lime 13 13 13 13 13 13 78 want of space are not enu- Street) 12 12 12 12 12 12 72 merated i7,34S 17,10^ 17,852 18,549 16,112 16,285 103255 C/F 827 827 827 827 827 827 4.962 2I,2IC 20,960 21,713 22,410 19-973 20,146 126421 1 3-CART BOOK 212 NEWSPAPEIt ACCOUNTS. MONDAY lOra JANUARY 1895. Name Out R'turn'd Sold Arrears brought forward Amount of Sales Cash Arrears carried forward Quires Quires Quires s d s d s d s d Gough 29 13 9 20 13 i 10 9 i 10 9 Turner 27 3 ii 3 16 i '5 6 i 4 o 296 Billington 9 13 6 3 13 5 3 5 3 Neate 39 13 IA 13 25 o i 17 6 i 17 6 Haley 2o 13 6 13 2? i 13 o i 13 o Lewis 27 14 13 19 6 19 6 Hay 52 16 13 35 13 2 13 3 2 13 3 Flood 7 13 6 13 i i 6 i 6 Wyatt 36 14 13 21 13 I 12 3 i 12 3 3 i 6 3 o Newman 9 6 13 2 13 3 9 3 9 Noble 14 13 6 13 8 o 12 12 Harris 7 13 5 13 2 o 3 o 3 Weston 20 13 ii 9 13 14 3 J 4 3 Scott 16 5 *7 ii 16 6 16 6 Osborn ii 13 5 o 6 13 9 9 9 9 Heath 18 13 6 12 13 18 9 18 9 Dunn 7 13 5 13 2 o 3 3 Wheeler 8 7 5 20 2 13 3 9 3 9 Lacey 7 5 2 o 3 o 3 o Richardson 7 o 6 I i 6 i 6 Davis 7 6 I o 5i i 6 i ni 39i 14 173 I 3x8 13 _- 2 18 2j 16 7 9 18 ii 3 14 8 ^^^^^ ~~~~" " ____ 4-STREET SALES BOOK 214 NEWSPAPEK ACCOUNTS. 10TH JANUARY 1895. Name Post Out Re- turned Sold Arrears B/F Amount of Sales Cash Arrears C/F Quires Quires Quires s d s d A s d fc s d Burton . . Charing Cross 21 18 i 3 I 8J Tempest . Gatti's 22 I 2 20 i 2! i 2 i Stanner . Craven Street 25 9 16 ni 5 64 Fletcher . Duncannon Street . . 22 13 9 61 6| Bennett . Charing Cross I 2j I 2| Warren . Lowther Arcade 12 ig 19 i ii Z 4 I Walker . . Buckingham Street . 13 24 15 ioj ioi Bush Agar Street 5 8 23 i 44 i 44 Morrison . Tivoli 10 17 19 i 14 King . . Romano's 6 19 13 9 9 Hall Simpson's 13 19 20 I 21 7 7i Harvey . . Rowland . Wellington Street . . Gaiety 4 ii 13 24 i 17 13 I 2 3 4 i 3 8 I Nash . . Somerset House . . 2 15 i 13 2 3 i 6 9 Hudson . . Newcastle Street . . 4 25 i 8 3 17 5 6 5 o 6 24 9 10 14 9 I 21 i i 9? 16 i 6 ii Everett . . Waterloo Place aa^ i o ,__ rr BBS 5 .. l , ~ Thomas.. Coventry Street i 17 17 i i 6^ 6* I Whittaker O'Conner Prince of Wales . . Empire . . I i 13 8 i 23 16 7 3 | 51 Ashley .. Criterion 3 i 9 2 2 3 9 Anthony . Partridge Lloyd . . Jermyn Street St. James' Hall Swan & Edgar 2 I 2 4 2 1 3 15 20 I I 5 'i i 9? I? 6 ioi 2 i 3! Mason . . Glasshouse Street . . j 16 16 I o . . i 6 6 I Kitson . . St. James' Restaurant I 13 18 21 13 i i4 J i Bishop . . Church Passage I 4 13 17 .. ' 10 i o" Sullivan . Duke Street I 8 15 19 I lA i 14 Carter . . St. James' Street I 15 20 21 13 i 3 Vremner . New Bond Street . . I 4 17 13 9 9 22 ~^7 ~^ II 17 .. 14 17 9 13 sj 4 i\ Woods .. 2 Victoria Street I 25 19 I 6 I lOi I I0i Clifford .. Cannon Street 3 5 i 3 2 2 3 ii 3 T 2 Carter . . Cyprus .. 25 15 10 7* 74 Brown . Cheapside i 18 25 19 '.'. 6 i J 4 i J 4 6 Johns Sweeting's i 25 25 I i 6 9 9 Beach . . ueen Street Q^ 9l Lewis . . uildhall i ii 23 14 ' . " 9? 9? Dunn Bucklersbury i 18 21 23 i 44 i 44 Wheeler Old Jewry i 20 i 2 18 I O^f I OJ[ Lyons . . Princes Street i 18 i I 17 I I Ford . . Pullman Drapers Gardens . . London Wall 2 I II 6 24 19 I 13 13 2 3 9 2 6 3 3 Cook . . Medley . . Moorgate Street South Place I I 25 3 25 2O I 9 i 6 a i 6 5 23 2 ii T II 14 i 3* 17 6i 16 2 2 8i Summary .^^^ District i 24 9 IO 14 9 I 2j i i 9i 16 i 6 ii n 2 . . 22 17 II o II 17 J i 17 9 13 81 4 z\ 3 - 23 2 II 14 II 14 1 si 17 6| 16 2 2 8i 70 2 32 14 37 14 "TTi 2~i7~^4 2 5 "1 13 9s 5-CARTMEN'S WAGES BOOK 216 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. WEEK ENDING IOTH JANUARY 1895. Name Wages Arrears on Sales Net Amount due Remarks ' s d s d s d Gough Turner 5 o 5 o 5 o 5 Billington 5 o 5 o Neate Haley Lewis 2 6 2 6 Hay 2 6 2 6 Flood 2 6 2 6 Wyatt Newman . . . . 3 o 17 o Noble 17 6 17 6 Harris Weston 5 J 5 o Scott 5 o 5 o Osborn O 9 9 10 3 Heath 2 6 2 6 Dunn 2 6 2 6 Wheeler 4 o 4 o Lacey I O I Richardson I r o Davis O "1 nk 1 8 o2 ' 23 . I 14 8| 22 6 32 6-STREET SELLERS' WAGES BOOK 218 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. STREET SELLERS' PAY SHEET FOR WEEK ENDING IOTH JANUARY 1895. Name D; ij-s Wages Arrears on Sales Net Amount due Name DE ys Wages Arrears on Sales Net Amount due s d s d s d s d s d s d Burton Tempest . . 6 6 5 35 6 o B/F Beach i 10 4 o 6 o 12 4 I 9 ii 7? 5 2 3 Stanner . . 6 53 5 5? Lewis 6 o 6 o Fletcher . . 6 6 o Dunn 6 o 6 o Bennett . . 6 I 2\ 4 9? Wheeler . . 5 o 5 Warren . Walker .. 6 6 I 5 6 o Lyons Ford 5 o 6 o 3 5 o 5 9 Bush 6 6 o Pullman . . 6 o 3 5 9 Morrison . . 6 6 o Cook 5 p 5 King 6 6 o Medley . . i 6 o j3 5 IO 4 Hall 6 73 5 4f Harvey ' 6 Rowland . . 6 I 5 4 Nash Hudson . . fi 6 6 ! I 12 15 13 9i 12 I 2j Everitt . . 6 6 o Thomas . . 6 I 5 o Whittaker . g 6 o O'Conner . 6 ( 6 o Ashley . . 6 o 9 5 3 Anthony . . Partridge. . 6 o 6 o 4 3 6 o Lloyd 6 o 6 o Mason . . 6 o I O 5 Kitson 6 o ji 5 ii Bishop 6 o 6 o Sullivnn . . 6 o 6 o Carter 6 o 6 o Vremner . . 6 o 6 o Woods . . 6 o fi Clifford . . 6 o r> o Carter 6 o 6 o i Brown 6 o 6 5 6 Johns 6 o 9 5 3 C/F 10 4 o 12 4} 9 ii 7^ 7-CASH SALES BOOK 220 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. MONDAY TTH JANUARY 1895. Name Changed Sold Net Total Amount and Ed. 4 th Ed. 5th Ed. Special Ex. Special Quires Qui i res 10 17 Quires Quires Qu res 12 9 Quires Bishop Carter Taylor Roberts Johnson . . Pullman Cook Sadler Hopkins Heath Macgregor Williams Evans Owen Casual Carts 18 2 7 2 3 i 5 4 8 ii i 14 5 23 3 19 IO 9 2 i i i i i - I ii 22 4 8 21 6 7 21 9 13 13 IO 12 8 1 3 V 3 o I 10* 6 i ill 2 9 2 0$ 9 .. i '1 4 5 3 'e i i 6 4 10 13 ii ' 4 5 10 2 4 21 6 2 2 6 2 I 2 I i 4 63 i 4 5 II i 3 7 8 i 20 14 218 129 9 13 17 I 2 5l 16 7 9 9 16 9 1 .. Street Sales !! ;: 362 13 27 6 nl APPENDIX D. Special Ruling for Weekly Papers 1-CONTRIBUTORS' REGISTER 222 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. QUARTER ENDING Date Name Particulars Ledger Folio Contribu- tions Purchased 5 Jan. 12 Jan. 19 Jan. 26 Jan. s d s d s d s d s d NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 223 31 MARCH 1895. CONTRIBUTIONS USED Stock carried forward 2 Feb. 9 Feb. 16 Feb. 23 Feb. 2 Mar. 9 Mar. 16 Mar. 23 Mar. 30 Mar. s d s d s d s d s d s d s d s d s d s d GENEKAL INDEX Adaptation of the system to small newspapers . . . . .. 47 to 50 ,, ,, evening newspapers . . . . .. 51 to 53 weekly newspapers . . . . . . 54 55 Advertisement Order Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 14 47 ruling and specimen entries . . . . 104 105 ,, Day Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 15 47 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . 108 109 Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 15 47 ruling and specimen entries . , . . 112 to 115 Account in General Ledger, Explanation of . . 30 ,, specimen entries . . 172 Advertisements, departmental checks and tests . . . . . . 43 Advertising, specimen entries . . . . . . . . . . 182 Agents' commission on advertisements, Explanation of . . . . 31 specimen entries . . . . 172 Arrangement of books in sections . . . . . . . . . . 45 Audit and Law Expenses, specimen entries. . . . . . . . 182 Back Numbers Sales Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 9 48 Account, specimen entries . . . . . . 168 Bad debts, Kemarks upon . . . . . . . . . . 36 Account in General Ledger, specimen entries . . . . 182 Balance Sheet, Explanation of . . . . . . . . 38 30 June 1895 . . . . . . . . .. 188 189 Balancing of books in sections, Explanation of . . . . . . 4 Books, Multiplication of, in order to divide clerical work . . . . 3 not peculiar to newspapers have not been introduced . . . . 1 Bookstalls Order Book, for evening papers, description . . . . 51 ,, ruling and specimen entries 208 ,, Sales Book, for evening papers, description . . . . 51 52 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries 210 Canvassers' salaries, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 172 expenses, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 173 commission, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 173 Capital, Remarks upon Balance Sheet . . . . . . . . 40 ,, Account, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 184 Cart Book (Cash Sales), for evening papers, description .. .. 5152 ,, ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries 212 226 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. GENERAL INDEX (continued). Cartmen's Wages Book, for evening papers, description . . . . 51 53 ,, ruling and specimen entries 216 Carriage, specimen entries . . . . . . . . . . 179 Cart and horse hire, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 178 Cash Sales Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 9 47 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . 78 79 Account, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 168 ,, Book, special form for evening papers, description . . 53 i ,, ruling and specimen entries .. .. 220 Cash Received Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 23 48 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . 140 to 147 ,, Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 24 48 49 ruling and specimen entries . . . . 150 to 155 ,, special ruling for " small " papers .. .. .. 198199 ,, Remarks upon Balance Sheet . . . . . . . . 38 departmental checks and tests . . . . . . . . 45 Chapters not to be considered as separate sections, but read as a whole 1 Classification of items of cost and expense, Reasons governing . . 2 Commission on sales, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 170 Composing wages, Description of account and specimen entries . . 32 175 expenses, Description of account and specimen entries . . 32 176 Contents bill, specimen entries . . . . . . . . . . 181 Contributors' Register, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 17 48 ,, ,, (Literature), ruling and specimen entries . . 118 ,, ,, (News), ruling and specimen entries . . . . 120 special form for weekly papers, Literature .. 55 Art . . . . 55 ,, special ruling . . 222 223 Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 18 48 ,, ruling and specimen entries .. .. 122 to 124 Account in General Ledger, Explanation of 31 ,, ,, specimen entries . . 174 Contributions, departmental checks and tests . . . . . . 44 Copyright and Goodwill, Remarks upon Balance Sheet . . . . 39 Departmental checks and tests, Propriety of publishing . . . . 2 ,, ,, Explanation of . . . . .. 41 to 46 Depreciation of plant, Remarks upon . . . . . . . . 35 Discount on sales, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 171 Distribution Register, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 13 48 ruling and specimen entries .. .. .. 100 ,, ,, departmental checks .. .. .. 42 ,, special form for weekly papers .. .. 54 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 227 GENERAL INDEX (continued). Distribution carriage, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 179 ,, postage of copies, specimen entries . . * . 179 ,, sundry expenses, specimen entries . . . . . 179 ,, travelling expenses, specimen entries . . . . . . 178 ,, wages, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 178 Editorial salaries, explanation and specimen entries. . . . . . 32 174 expenses, explanation and specimen entries . . . . 32 175 ,, library, Remarks upon . . . . . . . . . . 39 Evening papers, Adaptation of system to .. .. .. 51 to 53 Fixtures and fittings, Remarks upon . . . . . . . . 34 ,, ,, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 185 Foundry wages, explanation and specimen entries . . . . . . 32 176 ,, expenses, explanation and specimen entries . . 32 176 Furniture, Remarks upon. . .. .. .. .. .. 34 ,, specimen entries . . . . . . . . . . 185 Gas and water, specimen entries . . . . . . . . . . 180 General Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 5 27 48 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . 168 to 182 ,, salaries and wages, specimen entries . . . . . . 180 ,, stationery, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 180 ,, postage, specimen entries . . . . . . . . . . 180 ,, sundry expenses, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 181 Goodwill and Copyright, Remarks upon . . . . . . . . 39 ,, Account in General Ledger ... .. .. .. 185 Horses and cart hire, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 178 Illustrations, explanation and specimen entries . . . . . . 33 177 Invoice Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 20 47 49 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . 126 to 129 ,, ,, special ruling for " small " papers . . . . . . 194 195 Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 5 21 47 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . 132 to 135 ,, ,, Account in General Ledger, Explanation of . . . . 31 ,, ,, ,, ,, specimen entries . . 174 Law and Audit Expenses, specimen entries. . . . . . . . 182 Machinery, explanation and specimen entries . . . . . . 34 184 Machining wages, explanation and specimen entries . . 32 176 ,, expenses, explanation and specimen entries . . 32 177 228 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. GENERAL INDEX (continued). Multiplication of books in large offices in order to divide clerical work. . 3 Necessity for complete and correct records emphasised in case of news- papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Paper Book, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 5 21 47 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . . . 138 Account in General Ledger . . . . . . . . . . 33 177 ,, stock, Remarks upon . . . . . . . . . . 39 Payments, departmental checks and tests . . . . . . . . 46 Petty Cash Book, Description and explanation of . . 5 25 48 49 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . 162 163 ,, and Postage Book, special ruling for " small " papers . . 202 203 ,, departmental checks and tests . . . . . . . . 46 Postage Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 26 48 49 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . . . 166 ,, of copies, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 179 ,, General, specimen entries. . .. .. .. .. 180 Postages, departmental checks and tests . . . . . . . . 46 Points not peculiar to newspapers have been, as far as possible, omitted 1 Premises Account, Remarks upon . . . . . . . . 39 Printed headings in books may be dispensed with in some cases . . 3 Private Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 5 37 48 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . 184 to 189 Purchases and expenses, departmental checks and tests . . . . 14 Ready money sales, Book for recording . . . . . . . . 9 Rent, rates and taxes, specimen entries . . . . . . 179 Repairs and wear and tear of plant . . . . 34 178 Returned copies from agents . . . . . . 4 7 48 Salaries and Wages Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 5 24 49 ,, ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . 158 159 ,, ,, General, specimen entries . . . . . . 180 Sales Order Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 6 47 ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . 62 63 ,, Books for evening papers . . . . . . . . . .51 52 53 ,, Day Book, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 4 7 47 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . .. 66 to 68 ,, Returns Book, Description and explanation of . . 4 7 48 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . 70 71 Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 4 8 47 ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . .. 74 to 76 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. 229 GENERAL INDEX (continued). Sales (Ready money) Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 9 47 ruling and specimen entries . . . . 78 79 ,, (Back numbers) Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 9 48 ,, ,, ,, ruling and specimen entries .. .. 82 83 ,, Ledger Account in General Ledger, Explanation of . . . . 28 ,, ,, specimen entries . . . . 168 ,, departmental checks and tests . . . . . . . . 42 Sectional arrangement of books . . . . . . . . . . 45 Ledger Accounts in General Ledger . . . . . . 27 28 Small newspapers, Adaptation of the system to . . . . .. 47 to 50 Specimen entries, proportioned to actual transactions . . . . 3 ,, rulings are in accordance with books in actual use . . . . 2 Stationery, General, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 180 Stock Register, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 4 13 48 ,, ruling and specimen entries . .. .. 102 ,, departmental checks and tests . . . . . . 42 Stock of paper, Remarks upon Balance Sheet . . . . . . 39 Sundry Stores, Remarks upon Balance Sheet . . 39 Street Sales Book for evening papers, description . . . . . . 51 52 ruling and specimen entries . . 214 Street Sellers' Wages Book for evening papers, description . . . . 51 53 ,, ruling and specimen entries 21S Subscription Order Book, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 10 47 ruling and specimen entries . . . . 86 87 special form for weekly papers . . . . 54 Subscription Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . 4 10 47 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . 90 91 Account in General Ledger, Explanation of . . 30 ,, specimen entries . . 170 Sundries Day Book, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 4 11 48 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . 94 95 Sundries Ledger, Description and explanation of . . . . . . 4 12 48 ,, ruling and specimen entries . . . . . . 98 Sundries Ledger Account in General Ledger, Explanation of . . . . 30 ,, specimen entries . . 170 Sundry creditors, Remarks upon Balance Sheet . . . . 38 debtors, Remarks upon Balance Sheet . . . . 38 ,, expenses, Distribution, specimen entries . . . . . 179 ,, ,, General, specimen entries .. .. .. 181 Telegrams, specimen entries . . . . . . . . 181 Trading Account, Remarks upon . . . . . . . . . . 37 half-year to 30 June 1895. . . . . . .. 186 187 230 NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. GENERAL INDEX (continued). Travelling expenses, specimen entries Type, explanation and specimen entries 178 34 184 Wages and Salaries Book, Description and explanation of ,, ruling and specimen entries ,, Book (Cartmen), Explanation of ,, (Street Sellers), Explanation of Distribution, specimen entries Weekly papers, Adaptation of the system to .. 5 24 49 .. 158 159 53 53 178 54 55 OF 2 TH,S BOOK ON THE DATE FA ' I T URE T0 WLL .NCREASE TO \S C^UT. & "** DAY AND TO *i ol O N T * N E F URTH OVERDUE N THE SEVENTH DAY ^muasE LD 2l-95w-7,'37 YC 24772 BEKWtt.UBI.MW-M- BERKELEY 211717 *