4 THE YALE SHAKESPEARE Edited by Wilbur L. Cross Tucker Brooke Published under the Direction OF the Department of English, Yale University, ON the Fund Given to the Yale University Press in 1917 BY the Members of the Kingsley Trust Association (Scroll and Key Society of Yale College) To Commemorate the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the Society **/"»■ t\ J* • : The Yale Shakespeare '. • THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET PRINCE OF DENMARK EDITED BY JACK RANDALL CRAWFORD NEW HAVEN • YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON • HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Copyright, 1917 By Yale University Press Printed in the United States of America First published, November, 1917 Second printing, October, 1920 Third printing, September, 1924 Fourth printing, August, 1927 Fifth printing, February, 1932 Sixth printing, December, 1940 All rights reserved. This book may not be re- produced, in whole or in part, in any form, ex- cept by written permission from the publishers. REPi/\^^'r: 33 \ TABLE OF CONTENTS The Text ..... Notes ...... Appendix A. Sources Appendix B. History of the Play . Appendix C. The Text Appendix D. Suggestions for Collateral Reading ..... Index of Words Glossed . page 1 155 177 181 183 186 187 W^ai1c87& Tlie facsimile opposite represents the title-page of the Elizabethan Club copy of the Second Quarto (I6O4). Only three copies of this edition are known to sv/rvive. THE Tragicall Hiftorie of HAMLET, T^rince of'DenmarJ^. By William Shakefpeare. Newly imprinted and enlarged to almoft as much againe as it was, according to the true and perfe<^t Coppie. AT LONDON. Printed by I. R. for N. L. and are to be fold at his (hoppe vnder Saint Dunllons Church in Eecinreee. 1604. [DRAMATIS PERSONS Claudius, King of Denmark Hamlet, Son to the late, and Nephew to the present King FoRTiNBRAS, Priuce of Norway Horatio, Friend to Hamlet PoLONius, Lord Chamberlain Laertes, his Son voltimand, Cornelius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, OSRIC, A Gentleman, A Priest Courtiers Marcellus, ) -r> r Officers Joernardo, ) ■'■' Francisco, a Soldier Reynaldo, Servant to Polonius A Captain English Ambassadors Players. Two Clowns, Grave-diggers Gertrude, Queen of Denmark and Mother to Hamlet Ophelia, Daughter to Polonius Lords, Ladies, Officers, Soldiers, Sailor, Messenger, and Attendants Ghost of Hamlet's Father Scene: Denmark.^ Dramatis Personae; cf. n. The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark ACT FIRST Scene One [Elsinore. A Platform of the Castlel Enter Bernardo and Francisco, two Sentinels. Ber. Who's there? Fran. Nay, answer me; stand, and unfold yourself. Ber. Long live the king! Fran. Bernardo? 4 Ber. He. Fran. You come most carefully upon your hour. Ber. 'Tis now struck twelve; get thee to bed, Francisco. Fran. For this relief much thanks; 'tis bitter cold, 8 And I am sick at heart. Ber. Have you had quiet guard? Fran. Not a mouse stirring. Ber. Well, good-night. If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, 12 The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste. Enter Horatio and Marcellus. Fran. I think I hear them. Stand, ho! Who's there ? Hor. Friends to this ground. Mar. And liegemen to the Dane. Fran. Give you good-night. Mar. O! farewell, honest soldier; 16 S. d. Platform: level space on castle ramparts 3 Long . . . king!;c/. M. 13 vrvaXs: partners 15 Friends . . . Dane; c/. n. 16 Giwe yon: Cod give you S; ,, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Who hath reliev'd you? Fran. Bernardo has my place. Give you good-night. Exit Francisco. Mar. Holla ! Bernardo ! Ber. Say, What ! is Horatio there ? Hor. A piece of him. Ber. Welcome, Horatio; welcome, good Mar- cellus. 20 Mar. What ! has this thing appear'd again to-night ? Ber. I have seen nothing. Mar. Horatio says 'tis but our fantasy, And will not let belief take hold of him 24 Touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us: Therefore I have entreated him along With us to watch the minutes of this night; That if again this apparition come, 28 He may approve our eyes and speak to it. Hor. Tush, tush ! 'twill not appear. Ber. Sit down awhile. And let us once again assail your ears. That are so fortified against our story, 32 What we two nights have seen. Hor. Well, sit we down. And let us hear Bernardo speak of this. Ber. Last night of all, When yond same star that's westward from the pole 36 Had made his course to illume that part of heaven Where now it burns, Marcellus and myself, The bell then beating one, — Enter the Ghost. Mar. Peace! break thee off; look, where it comes again ! 40 19 piece; cf. n. 23 fantasy: imagination 29 approve: confirm 37 his; cf. n. Prince of Denmark, I, i 3 Ber. In the same figure, like the king that's dead. Mar. Thou art a scholar ; speak to it, Horatio. Ber. Looks it not like the king? mark it, Horatio. Hor. Most like: it harrows me with fear and wonder. 44 Ber. It would be spoke to. Mar. Question it, Horatio. Hor. What art thou that usurp'st this time of night, Together with that fair and war-like form In which the majesty of buried Denmark 48 Did sometimes march? by heaven I charge thee, speak ! Mar. It is offended. Ber. See! it stalks away. Hor. Stay ! speak, speak ! I charge thee, speak ! Exit the Ghost. Mar. 'Tis gone, and will not answer. 52 Ber. How now, Horatio! you tremble and look pale: Is not this something more than fantasy? What think you on 't? Hor. Before my God, I might not this believe 56 Without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. Mar. Is it not like the king? Hor. As thou art to thyself : Such was the very armour he had on 60 When he the ambitious Norway combated; So frown'd he once, when, in an angry parle. He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice. 'Tis strange. 64 42 scholar; cf. n. 43 mark: observe closely 45 It . . . to; cf.n. 49 sometimes: /orm^r/y 57 sensible: involving the use of one of the senses avouch: assurance 62 parle: parley 63 sledded Polacks: Poles on sledges C?) ; cf. n. The Tragedy of Hamlet , Mar. Thus twice before, and jump at this dead hour, With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch. Hor. In what particular thought to work I know not; But in the gross and scope of my opinion, 68 This bodes some strange eruption to our state. Mar. Good now, sit down, and tell me, he that knows, Why this same strict and most observant watch So nightly toils the subject of the land; 72 And why such daily cast of brazen cannon. And foreign mart for implements of war; Why such impress of shipwrights, whose sore task Does not divide the Sunday from the week; 76 What might be toward, that this sweaty haste Doth make the night joint-labourer with the day: Who is 't that can inform me? Hor. That can I ; At least, the whisper goes so. Our last king, 80 Whose image even but now appear'd to us. Was, as you know, by Fortinbras of Norway, Thereto prick'd on by a most emulate pride, Dar'd to the combat ; in which our valiant Hamlet — 84 For so this side of our known world esteem'd him — Did slay this Fortinbras ; who, by a seal'd compact. Well ratified by law and heraldry, Did forfeit with his life all those his lands 88 Which he stood seiz'd of, to the conqueror ; 65 ]ump: just 67 thought: train of thinking 68 gross and scope: general drift 70 Good now; cf. n. 72 toils: causes to toil subject: people, subjects 72 cast: founding 74 mart: traffic, buying and selling 75 impress: enforced service 77 toward: in preparation 83 prick'd on : tnct^^d emulate: ambitious 87 law and heraldry; cf. n. 89 seiz'd of: possessed of Prince of Denmark, I. i Against the which, a moiety competent Was gaged by our king; which had return'd To the inheritance of Fortinbras, 92 Had he been vanquisher; as, by the same covenant. And carriage of the article design'd. His fell to Hamlet. Now, sir, young Fortinbras, Of unimproved mettle hot and full, 96 Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there Shark'd up a list of lawless resolutes. For food and diet, to some enterprise That hath a stomach in 't ; which is no other — As it doth well appear unto our state — loi But to recover of us, by strong hand^ And terms compulsative, those 'foresaid lands So by his father lost. And this, I take it, 104 Is the main motive of our preparations, The source of this our watch and the chief head Of this post-haste and romage in the land. [Ber. I think it be no other but e'en so ; 108 Well may it sort that this portentous figure Comes armed through our watch, so like the king That was and is the question of these wars. Hor. A mote it is to trouble the mind's eye. \ 112 In the most high and palmy state of Rome, \N A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, y The graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets; jiie 90 moiety competent: ^g«a/ omoMMf 91 z^ged: smked 94 carriage : tm/'orf design'd : drown «/> 96 unimproved: unproved (?) ; cf. n. hot and full: exceedingly ardent 97 skirts: outskirts 98 ShaLvWd up: picked up at haphazard list; c/. n. resolutes: desperadoes 99 For . . . diet; cf. n. 100 stomach; cf. n. 103 compulsative: involving compulsion 106 head: origin 107 Tomage: commotion, bustle 109 sort:)?* 112 mote: minute particle of dust 113 palmy state: flourishing sovereignty The Tragedy of Hamlet, As stars with trains of fire and dews of blood, Disasters in the sun; and the moist star Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse; 120 And even the like precurse of fierce events, As harbingers preceding still the fates And prologue to the omen coming on, Have heaven and earth together demonstrated Unto our climatures and countrymen.] 125 Enter Ghost again. But, soft! behold! lo! where it comes again. I'll cross it, though it blast me. Stay, illusion! If thou hast any sound, or use of voice, 128 It spreads his arms. Speak to me: If there be any good thing to be done. That may to thee do ease and grace to me. Speak to me: 132 If thou art privy to thy country's fate, Which happily foreknowing may avoid, O ! speak ; Or if thou hast uphoarded in thy life 136 Extorted treasure in the womb of earth. For which, they say, you spirits oft walk in death. The cock crows. Speak of it: stay, and speak! Stop it, Marcellus. 139 Mar. Shall I strike at it with my partisan? Hot. Do, if it will not stand. Ber. 'Tis here ! Hor. 'Tis here! 117 As . . . blood; cf. n. 118 Disasters: unfavorable aspects; cf. n. moist star: moon 120 sick . . . doomsday; cf. n. 121 precurse: heralding 122 still: constantly 123 prologue: introduction 125 climatures: regions (?) ; cf. n. 127 cross: meet, face; cf. n. 131 [do] grace: (fo /lonor to 134 happily: /lO/'/y 136 uphoarded; cf. n. 140 partisan; cf. n. Prince of Denmark j, I. i Exit Ghost. Mar. *Tis gone! We do it wrong, being so majestical. To offer it the show of violence; 144 For it is, as the air, invulnerable. And our vain blows malicious mockery. Ber. It was about to speak when the cock crew. Hor. And then it started like a guilty thing Upon a fearful summons. I have heard, 149 The cock, that is the trumpet to the morn. Doth with his lofty and shrill-sounding throat Awake the god of day; and at his warning, 152 Whether in sea or fire, in earth or air. The extravagant and erring spirit hies To his confine; and of the truth herein This present object made probation. 156 Mar. It faded on the crowing of the cock. ^ Some say that ever 'gainst that season comes Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated. The bird of dawning singeth all night long; 160 And then, they say, no spirit can walk abroad; The nights are wholesome; then iio planets strike, No fairy takes, nor witch hath power to charm. So hallow'd and so gracious is the time. 164 Hor. So have I heard and do in part believe it. But, look, the morn in russet mantle clad. Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill ; ' Break we our watch up ; and by my advice 168 Let us impart what we have seen to-night Unto young Hamlet; for, upon my life, This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him. 150 cock; cf. n. 154 extravagant: vagrant erring: wandering hies: hastens 155 confine.: place of confinement 156 probation : /'roo/ 158 'gainst that: by the time that 162 planets strike; cf. n. 163 takes: bewitches 164 gracious: instinct with goodness 8 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Do you consent we shall acquaint him with it. As needful in our loves, fitting our duty? 173 Mar. Let's do 't, I pray; and I this morning know Where we shall find him most conveniently. Exeunt, Scene Two \_A Room of State in the Castle] Enter Claudius, King of Denmark, Gertrude the Queen, Hamlet, Polonius, Laertes and his sister, Ophelia, [and] Lords attendant. King. Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother's death The memory be green, and that it us befitted To bear our hearts in grief and our whole kingdom To be contracted in one brow of woe, 4 Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature That we with wisest sorrow think on him. Together with remembrance of ourselves. Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen. The imperial jointress of this war-like state, 9 Have we, as 'twere with a defeated joy. With one auspicious and one dropping eye. With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage, 12 In equal scale weighing delight and dole. Taken to wife : nor have "vve herein barr'd Your better wisdoms, which have freely gone With this affair along: for all, our thanks. 16 Now follows, that you know, young Fortinbras, Holding a weak supposal of our worth. Or thinking by our late dear brother's death 3«^ „ -TOW of woe: aspect of woe 9 jointress: joint possessor, or. drwager defeated: disfigured 11 auspicious: happy dropping: tearful 13 dole: grief 18 weak supposal: low opinion Prince of Denmark ^ I, ii 9 Our state to be disjoint and out of frame, 20 Colleagued with the dream of his advantage, He hath not fail'd to pester us with message. Importing the surrender of those lands Lost by his father, with all bands of law, 24 To our most valiant brother. So much for him. Enter Voltimand and Cornelius. Now for ourself and for this time of meeting. Thus much the business is : we have here writ To Norway, uncle of young Fortinbras, 28 Who, impotent and bed-rid, scarcely hears Of this his nephew's purpose, to suppress His further gait herein; in that the levies. The lists and full proportions, are all made 32 Out of his subject; and we here dispatch You, good Cornelius, and you, Voltimand, For bearers of this greeting to old Norway, Giving to you no further personal power 36 To business with the king more than the scope Of these delated articles allow. Farewell and let your haste commend your duty. [Cor.] ) In that and all things will we show our Vol. ) duty. 40 King. We doubt it nothing: heartily farewell. Exeunt Voltimand and Cornelius. And now, Laertes, what's the news with you? You told us of some suit; what is't, Laertes? You cannot speak of reason to the Dane, 44 And lose your voice; what wouldst thou beg, Laertes, That shall not be my offer, not thy asking? 20 disjoint: at loose ends frame: order 21 Colleagued: allied dream of his advantage: imaginary superiority 23 Importing: bearing as its purport 24 bands: agreements 31 gait: proceeding 32 proportions: supplies, forces 38 delated: expressly stated 44 the Dane: the king of Denmark 45 lose your voice: speak to no purpose 10 . The Tragedy of Hamlet, The head is not more native to the hearty, The hand more instrumental to the mouthy 48 Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father. What wouldst thou have, Laertes? Laer. Dread my lord. Your leave and favour to return to France; From whence though willingly I came to Denmark, 52 To show my duty in your coronation. Yet now, I must confess, that duty done, My thoughts and wishes bend again toward France And bow them to your gracious leave and pardon. 56 King. Have you your father's leave? What says Polonius? Pol. He hath, my lord, [wrung from me my slow leave By laboursome petition, and at last Upon his will I seal'd my hard consent:] 60 I do beseech you, give him leave to go. King. Take thy fair hour, Laertes ; time be thine. And thy best graces spend it at thy will. But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son, — 64 If am. [Aside.] A little more than kin, and less \ than kind. King. How is it that the clouds still hang on you? Ham. Not so, my lord; I am too much i' the sun. Queen. Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted colour off, 68 And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Do not for ever with thy vailed lids Seek for thy noble father in the dust: 47 native: closely and congenitally connected 48 instrumental : j^rrtc^afr/^" 50 Dread my lord : my drearf /ord 51 leave and iavour: kind permission 56 leave and pardon: indulgence [to depart] 60 hard: given with difficulty 63 graces: virtues 65 kin . . . kind; cf. n. 67 i' the sun; cf. n. 70 vailed: down-cast Prince of Denmark^ I, ii n Thou know'st 'tis common ; all that lives must die, 72 Passing through nature to eternity. Ham. Aj, madam, it is common. Queen. If it be. Why seems it so particular with thee ? Ham. Seems, madam! Nay, it is; I know not 'seems.' 76 'Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother. Nor customary suits of solemn black. Nor windy suspiration of forc'd breath. No, nor the fruitful river in the eye, 80 Nor the dejected haviour of the visage. Together with all forms, moods, shows of grief. That can denote me truly ; these indeed seem. For they are actions that a man might play: 84 But I have that within which passeth show; These but the trappings and the suits of woe. King. 'Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet, To give these mourning duties to your father: 88 But, you must know, your father lost a father; That father lost, lost his; and the survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow ; but to persever 92 In obstinate condolement is a course Of impious stubbornness; 'tis unmanly grief: I.t shows a will most incorrect to heaven, A heart unfortified, a mind impatient, 96 An understanding simple and unschool'd: For what we know must be and is as common As any the most vulgar thing to sense, 72 common: the common lot 75 particnlaT : personal 79 windy suspiration: tempestuous sighing forc'd: against one's will 80 fruitful: copious 81 haviour: behavior 83 denote: portray 92 obsequious: dutiful 93 condolement: sorrowing 99 vulgar thing: common experience 1 2 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Why s hould we in our pee vish opposition 100 T ake it to hear t ? Fie ! 'tis a fault to heaven, A fault against the dead, a fault to nature, To reason most absurd, whose common theme Is death of fathers, and who still hath cried, 104 From the first corse till he that died to-day, 'This must be so.' We pray you, throw to earth This unprevailing woe, and think of us As of a father ; for let the world take note, 108 You are the most immediate to our throne; And with no less nobility of love Than that which dearest father bears his son Do I impart toward you. For your intent 112 In going back to school in Wittenberg, It is most retrograde to our desire ; And we beseech you, bend you to remain Here, in the cheer and comfort of our eye, 116 Our chiefest courtier, cousin, and our son. Queen. Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet : I pray thee, stay with us ; go not to Wittenberg. Ham. I shall in all my best obey you, madam. King. Why, 'tis a loving and a fair reply: Be as ourself in Denmark. Madam, come; This gentle and unforc'd accord of Hamlet Sits smiling to my heart ; in grace whereof, 124 No jocund health that Denmark drinks to-day, But the great cannon to the clouds shall tell. And the king's rouse the heavens shall bruit again. Re-speaking earthly thunder. Come away. 128 Exeunt [all except Hamlet.'] 105 corse: corpse 107 unprevailing: unavailing 109 \mmtA\dt.te^: next in succession 112 imrt^Lvx.: bestow 113 Wittenberg; c/. n. 114 retrograde: con^rarj' 115 henA: incline 127 rouse: bumper bruit: echo Prince of Denmark :, I, ii 13 Ham. O ! that this ioatoQsoliS flesh wouM melt. Thaw and resolve itself into ajdewj '^ ^^ Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd\ ^\G^ His canon 'gainst self-slaughter ! O God ! O God ! 132 How weary, stale, flat , and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world. I Fie on 't ! O fie ! 'tis an unweeded garden, ' That grows to seed; things ran k and gross in | nature 136 • Possess it merely. That it should come to this ! ' p But two months dead: nay, not so much, i^ojt two: , So excellent a king; that was, to tjiis^' . ^'- '" ) J^ Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother 140 f That he might not beteem the winds of heaven u Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth ! Must I remember.'* why, she would hang on him. As if increase x)f appetite had grown 144 By what it fed on ; and yet, within a month. Let me not think on 't : Frail ty, thy name is woman ! - A little month; or ere those shoes were old With which she follow'd my poor father's body. Like Niobe, all tears jj why jshe, even» she, — 149 O God ! a beast, that wantsdiscourse of reason. Would have mourn'd longer, — married with mine uncle. My father's brother, but no more like my father Than I to IJercules: within a month, 153 ' Ej:e-yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes. She married. O ! most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to inQjgstuous sheets. 157 130 resolve: dissolve 132 canon: !aw 134 uses: usages 137 merely: entirely 140 Hyperion; cf. n. 141 beteem: allow 149 Niobe; cf. n. 150 discourse of reason: reasoning power 155 flushing: rednes* galled: sore with weeping 156 post: hasten 157 dexterity : /a<:j7iV3r 14^ The Tragedy of Hamlet, It is not nor it cannot come to good; But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue ! Enter Horatio, Bernardo, and Marcellus. Hor. Hail to your lordship ! Ham. I am glad to see you well. 160 Horatio, or I do forget myself. Hor, The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever. Ham. Sir, my good friend; I'll change that name with you. And what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio? Marcellus } 165 Mar. My good lord, — Ham. 1 am very glad to see you. [To Bernardo.^ Good even, sir. -But what, in faith, make you from Wittenberg? Hor. A truant disposition, good my lord. 169 Ham. I would not hear your enemy say so. Nor shall you do mine ear that violence. To make it truster of your own report 172 Against yourself; I know you are no truant. But what is your affair in Elsinore? We'll teach you to drink deep .ere you depart. Hor. My lord, I came to see your father's funeral. 176 Ham. I pray thee, do not mock me, fellow-student; I think it was to see my mother's wedding. Hor. Indeed, my lord, it follow'd hard upon. Ham. Thrift, thrift, Horatio ! the funeral bak'd meats 180 Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven 161 forget myself ; c/. «. 169 dis^osXxXon: temperament, mood 180 bak'd meats: meat pies; cf. n. 182 dearest: direst Prince of Denmark j I, ii is Ere I had ever seen that day, Horatio ! My father, methinks I see my father. 184 }/ Hor. O! where, my lord? /f Ham. In my mind's eye, Horatio. Hor. I saw him once; he was a goodly king. Ham. He was a man, take him for all in all, ^ ^ ,J J^shall not look upon his like again. l88 Hor. My lord, I think I saw him yesternight. Ham. Saw.f* Who.^* Hor. My lord, the king your father. Ham. The king, my father? Hor. Season your admiration for a while 192 With an attent ear, till I may deliver. Upon the witness of these gentlemen, This marvel to you. Ham. For God's love, let me hear. Hor. Two nights together had these gentlemen, 196 Marcellus and Bernardo, on their watch. In the dead vast and middle of the night, Been thus encounter'd: a figure like your father, Arm'd at all points exactly, cap-a-pe, 200 Appears before them, and with solemn march Goes slow and stately by them: thrice he walk'd By their oppress'd and fear-surprised eyes. Within his truncheon's length; whilst they, dis- till'd . 204 Almost to jelly with the act of fear. Stand dumb and speak not to him. This to me In dreadful secrecy impart they did. And I with them the third nig^t-kept the watch; Where, as they had deliver d, both in time, 209 192 Season: temper, qualify admiration: wonder, astonishment 193 attent: attentive 198 vast: waste; cf. n. 200 cap-a-pe : from head to foot 2QA Xxunchton: oiHcer' s staff distill'd: we/^^rf 20S act: operat%on 16 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Form of the thing, each word made true and good, The apparition comes. I knew your father; These hands are not more like. Ham. But where was this? Mar. My lord, upon the platform where we watch'd. 213 Ham. Did you not speak to it? Hor. My lord, I did; But answer made it none ; yet once methought It lifted up it head and did address 216 Itself to motion, like as it would speak; But even then the morning cock crew loud. And at the sound it shrunk in haste away ♦ And vanish'd from our sight. Ham. 'Tis very strange. 220 Hor. As I do live, my honour'd lord, 'tis true; And we did think it writ down in our duty To let you know of it. Ham. Indeed, indeed, sirs, but this troubles me. 224 Hold you the watch to-night? Mar. ) T, r We do, my lord. Ber. ) Ham. Arm'd, say you? T, r Arm'd, mv lord. Ber. ) Ham. From top to toe ? Mar, ) P * r My lord, from head to foot. Ham. Then saw you not his face? 228 Hor. O yes ! my lord; he wore his beaver up. Ham. What! look'd he frowningly? Hor. A countenance more in sorrow than in anger. Ham. Pale or red? 232 216 it: its 229 beaver: face-guard of a helmet Prince of Denmark^ I, ii '^'^ Hor. Nay, very pale. Ham. And fix'd his eyes upon you ? Hor. Most constantly. Ham. I would I had been there. Hor. It would have much amaz'd you. Ham. Very like, very like. Stay'd it long? 236 Hor. While one with moderate haste might tell a hundred. Mar. ) T , ^^^ j- Longer, longer. Hor. Not when I saw it. Ham. His beard was grizzled, no? Hor. It was, as I have seen it in his life, 240 A sable silver'd. Ham. I will watch to-night; Perchance 'twill walk again. Hor. I warrant it will. Ham. If it assume my noble father's person, I'll speak to it, though hell itself should gape 244 And bid me hold my peace. I pray you all. If you have hitherto conceal'd this sight. Let it be tenable in j^^our silence still; And whatsoever else shall hap to-night, 248 Give it an understanding, but no tongue : I will requite your loves. So, fare you well. Upon the platform, 'tiaoxtdeven and twe lve, _^ I'll visit you. All. Our duty to your honour. 252 Ham. Your loves, as mine to you. Farewell. Exeunt [all hut Hamlet], My father's spirit in arms ! all is not well ; I doubt some foul play: would the night were come! 237 tell: coitn/l' V 239 grizzled : grrey 241 sable: heraldic term for black 247 tenable: that which may be kept 18 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Till then sit stilly my soul: foul deeds will rise, 256 Though all the earth o'erwhelm them^ to men's eyes. Exit. Scene Three \Polonius' Apartment in the Castle^ Enter Laertes and Ophelia. Laer. My necessaries are embark'd; farewell: And, sister, as the winds give benefit And convoy is assistant, do not sleep. But let me hear from you. Oph. Do you doubt that? 4 Laer. For Hamlet, and the trifling of his favour. Hold it a^ashion and a toy in blood, A violet in the youth of primy nature. Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting, 8 The perfume and suppliance of a minute; No more. Oph. No more but so? Laer. Think it no more : For nature, crescent, does not grow alone In thews and bulk; but, as this temple waxes, 12 The inward service of the mind and soul Grows wide withal. Perhaps he loves you now. And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch The virtue of his will ; but you must fear, 16 His greatness weigh'd, his will is not his own, For he himself is subject to his birth; He may not, as unvalu'd persons do, 2 give benefit: are favorable 3 convoy: means of conveyance 6 fashion: mere form toy in blood: passing amorous fancy 7 violet', cf. n. primy: early 8 Forward: preco<^ous 9 suppliance: diversion 11 crescent: grotving 12 thews: bodily strength temple: body 14 withal: also 15 soil: blemish cautel: trickery 16 virtue of his will: his virtuous intentions 19 unvalu'd: of low rank Prince of Denmark, I. Hi 19 Carve for himself, for on his choice depends 20 The safety and the health of the whole state; And therefore must his choice be circumscrib'd Unto the voice and yielding of that bod Whereof he is the head. Then if he says he loves you 24 It fits your wisdom so far to believe it |i As he in his [particular act and place] tl'"' May give his saying deed; which is no further \ Than the main voice of Denmark goes withal. 28 . , Then weigh what loss your honour may sustain, V'' If with too credent ear you list his songs, ' ' Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open To his unmaster'd importunity. 32 Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister ; And keep you in the rear of your affection. Out of the shot and danger of desire. The chariest maid is prodigal enough 36 If she unmask her beauty to the moon; Virtue herself 'scapes not calumnious strokes; The^canker galls the infants of the spring / ' Too oft before their buttons be disclos'd, 40 . ^ And in the morn and liquid dew of youth J ' ' ' Contagious blastments are most imminent. ' . Be wary then; best safety lies in fear: Youth to itself rebels, though none else near. 44 Oph. I shall th' effect of this good lesson keep, . As watchman to my heart. But, good my brother. Do not, as some ungracious pastors do, 2J voice and yielding: approval and compliance 26 place: position as a prince; cf. n. 27 deed: effect 30 credent: trustful list: listen to 32 unmaster'd: unrestrained 36 chariest: most scrupulous 39 canker: 'worm' that destroys leaves and buds, particularly the rose galls: injures infants: young plants 40 buttons: buds disclos'd: opened 41 liquid dew: while the dew is still fresh 42 blastments: blights 47 ungracious: graceless 20 The Tragedy of Hamlet, t Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven. Whiles, like a puff'd and reckless libertine, 49 Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads. And recks not his own rede. Laer. O ! fear me not. Enter Polonius. I stay too long; but here my father comes. 62 A double blessing is a double grace; Occasion smiles upon a second leave. Pol. Yet here, Laertes ! aboard, aboard, for shame ! The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail, 56 And you are stay'd for. There, my blessing with thee! And these few precepts in thy memory Look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue. Nor any unproportion'd thought his act. 60 Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar; The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried. Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel; But do not dull thy palm with entertainment 64 Of each new-hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade. Beware Of entrance to a quarrel, but, being in. Bear 't that th' opposed may beware of thee. Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice; 68 Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. But not express'd in fancy; rich, not gaudy; For the apparel oft proclaims the man, 72 49 pufi'd: bloated from excess 50 primTose pzth: path of pleasure 51 recks: heeds rede: counsel 53 double; cf. n. 54 Occasion: opportunity 56 wind . . . oi; cf. n. 58 precepts; cf. n. 59 character: inscribe 60 unproportion'd: inordinate 61 familiar: friendly 64 dull thy palm: make thy palm less sensitive to true hospitality 65 unfiedg'd: immature 69 censure: opinion 71 express'd in fancy: singular in design Prince of Denmark, I, Hi And they in France of the best rank and station Are most select and generous, chief in that. Neither a borrower, nor a lender be; For loan oft loses both itself and friend, 76 And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all: to thine own self be true_, And it must follow, as the night the day. Thou canst not then be false to any man. 80 Farewell ; my blessing season this in thee ! Laer. Most humbly do I take my leave, my lord. Pol. The time invites you; go, your servants tend. Laer. Farewell, Ophelia; and remember well What I have said to you. Oph. 'Tis in my memory lock'd, And you yourself shall keep the key of it. 86 Laer. Farewell. Ejait Laertes. Pol. What is 't, Ophelia, he hath said to you? Oph. So please you, something touching the Lord Hamlet. Pol. Marry, well bethought: *Tis told me, he hath very oft of late Given private time to you; and you yourself 92 Have of your audience been most free and bounteous. If it be so, — as so 'tis put on me, And that in way of caution, — I must tell you. You do not understand yourself so clearly 96 As it behoves my daughter and your honour. What is between you? give me up the truth. Qph. He hath, my lord, of late made many tenders Of his affection to me. lOO 74 Are . . . that; cf. n. 77 husbandry: thrift 83 tend: are in waiting 90 Marry: an oath derived from the name of Saint Mary 92 private time: time in private visits 94 put onv impressed on 99 tenders: offers; cf. n. 22 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Pol. Affection ! pooh ! you speak like a green girl. Unsifted in such perilous circumstance. Do you believe his tenders, as you call them? Oph. I do not know, my lord, what I should think. 104 Pol. Marry, I'll teach you: think yourself a baby. That you have ta'en these tenders for true pay. Which are not sterling. Tender yourself more dearly ; Or, — not to crack the wind of the poor phrase. Roaming it thus, — you'll tender me a fool. 109 Oph. My lord, he hath importun'd me with love In honourable fashion. Pol. Ay, fashion you may call it: go to, go to. Oph. And hath given countenance to his speech, my lord, 113 With almost all the holy vows of heaven. Pol. Aj, springes to catch woodcocks. I do know. When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul 116 Lends the tongue vows: these blazes, daughter. Giving more light than heat, extinct in both. Even in their promise, as it is a-making. You must not take for fire. From this time 120 Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence; Set your entreatments at a higher rate Than a command to parley. For Lord Hamlet, Believe so much in him, that he is young, 124 And with a larger tether may he walk Than may be given you : in few, Ophelia, Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers. Not of that dye which their investments show, 101 green: inexperienced 102 Xjnsifted: untried circumstance: state of ajBfairs 107 sterling: legal currency Tender: have a regard for 115 springes: snares woodcocks; c/. n. 122 entreatments: conversations, interviews 126 in few: briefly 127 brokers: go-betweens, procurers 128 investments: vestments, clothes Prince of Denmark ^ I, iv 23 But mere implorators of unholy suits, 129 Breathing like sanctified and pious bonds, The better to beguile. This is for all : 1 would not, in plain terms, from this time forth. Have you so slander any moment's leisure, 133 As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look to 't, I charge you; come your ways. Oph. I shall obey, my lord. Exeunt. Scene Four [A Platform of the Castle] Enter Hamlet, Horatio, and Marcellus. — tLarri' The air bites shrewdly ; it is very cold. ^ , > Hor. It is a nipping and an eager air. --' Ham. What hour now ? Hor. I think it lacks of twelve. Mar. No, it is struck. 4 Hor. Indeed.^ I heard it not: then it draws near the season Wherein the spirit held his wont to walk. A flourish of trumpets, and two pieces [of ordnance] go off. What does this mean, my lord? — Ham. The king doth wake to-night and takes his rouse, 8 Keeps wassail, and the swaggering up-spring reels; And, as he drains his draughts of Rhenish down, The kettle-drum and trumpet thus bray out The triumph of his pledge. 129 implorators: solicitors 133 slander: bring reproach upon 2 eager: sharp 8 wake: hold a revel by night 9 Keeps wassail: holds a drinking-bout up-spring: wild dance of German origin 10 Rhenish: Rhine zvine 12 pledge: foajt I , V^' 24 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Hor. Is it a custom? 12 Ham. Aj, marry, is 't: But to my mind, — though I am native here And to the manner born, — it is a custom More honour'd in the breach than the observance. 16 [This heavy-headed revel east and west Makes us traduc'd and tax'd of other nations ; They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase Soil our addition; and indeed it takes 20 From our achievements, though perform'd at height, The pith and marrow of our attribute. So, oft it chances in particular men, That for some vicious mole of nature in them, 24 As, in their birth, — wherein they are not guilty, Since nature cannot choose his origin, — By the o'ergrowth of some complexion. Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reason, Or by some habit that too much o'er-leavens 29 The form of plausive manners; that these men, Carrying, I say, the stamp of one defect. Being nature's livery, or fortune's star, 32 Their virtues else, be they as pure as grace. As infinite as man may undergo. Shall in the general censure take corruption From that particular fault : the dram of eale 36 Doth all the noble substance of a doubt, To his own scandal.] Enter Ghost. 18 traduc'd and tax'd: defamed and censured 19 clepe: call s-winish: gross 20 Soil our addition: blemish our good name 22 attribute: reputation 24 mole: blemish 27 complexion: natural tendency 28 pales: palingj 29 o'er-leavens: makes too light 30 plausive: pleasing 32 nature's livery: natural attributes fortune's star: the position in which one is placed by fortune 34 undergo: bear the weight of 36 dram of eale; cf. n. Prince of Denmark ^ I, iv 26 Hor. Look, my lord, it comes. Ham. Angels and ministers of grace defend lis ! Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damn'd, 40 Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell, Be thy intents wicked or charitable. Thou com'st in such a questionable shape That I will speak to thee: I'll call thee Hamlet, King, father, royal Dane; O! answer me: 45 Let me not burst in ignorance; but tell Why thy canoniz'd bones, hearsed in death. Have burst their cerements ; why the sepulchre, Wherein we saw thee quietly inurn'd, 49 Hath op'd his ponderous and marble jaws. To cast thee up again. What may this mean. That thou, dead corse, again in complete steel 52 Revisit'st thus the glimpses of the moon. Making night hideous ; and we fools of nature So horridly to shake our disposition With thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls ? 56 Say, why is this.f* wherefore? what should we do? Ghost beckons Hamlet, Hor. It beckons you to go away with it. As if it some impartment did desire To you alone. Mar. Look, with what courteous action 60 It waves you to a more removed ground: But do not go with it. Hor. No, by no means. • Ham. It will not speak ; then, will I follow it. 39 ministers oi grace: messengers of God 40 spirit of health : good spirit goblin : evil spirit 43 questionable: inviting question 47 canoniz'd: buried according to the Church's rule hearsed: coMned 48 cerements: grave-clothes 49 inurn'd: interred 53 glimpses of the moon: the earth by night 56 reaches: capacities 59 impartment: communication 26 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Hor. Do not, my lord. f Ham. Why, what should be the fear? 64 j[ I do not set my life at a pin's fee; And for my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself?* It waves me forth again; I'll follow it. 68 Hor. What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord. Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea. And there assume some other horrible form, 72 Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason And draw you into madness.^ think of it; [The very place puts toys of desperation, Without more motive, into every brain 76 That looks so many fathoms to the sea And hears it roar beneath.] Ham. It wafts me still. Go on, I'll follow thee. Mar. You shall not go, my lord. Ham. Hold off your hands ! 80 Hor. Be rul'd; you shall not go. Ham. My fate cries out. And makes each petty artery in this body As hardy as the Nemean lion's nerve. Still am I call'd. Unhand me, gentlemen, 84 [Breaking from them.'\ By heaven! I'll make a ghost of him that lets me: I say, away! Go on, I'll follow thee. Exeunt Ghost and Hamlet. Hor. He waxes desperate with imagination. Mar. Let's follow ; 'tis not fit thus to obey him. 88 65 at . . . {et: at even a trifling value 69 flood: j^o 71 beetles: overhangs threateningly 73 deprive . . . reason: dethrone reason from its sovereignty 75 toys of desperation: whims involving thoughts of self-destruction 83 Nemean lion's; cf. n. nerve: sinew, tendon 85 lets: hinders Prince of Denmark, I.v 27 Hor. Have after. To what issue will this come? Mar. Somethin g is rotten in the state, of D enma rk^ Hor. Heaven will direct it. Mar. Nay, let's follow him. Exeunt. Scene Five [A more remote Part of the Platform'] Enter Ghost and Hamlet. Ham. Whither wilt thou lead me.^ speak; I'll go no further. Ghost. Mark me. Ham. I will. Ghost. My hour is almost come, When I to sulphurous and tormenting flames Must render up myself. Ham. Alas ! poor ghost. 4 Ghost. Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing To what I shall unfold. Ham. Speak; I am bound to hear. Ghost. So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear. Ham. What.? 8 Ghost. I am thy father's spirit ; Doom'd for a certain term to walk the night. And for the day confin'd to fast in fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burnt and purg'd away. But that I am forbid 13 To tell the secrets of my prison-house, I could a tale unfold whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, 16 Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres, 89 issue: outcome 17 spheres: orbits ® 28 OLM^gj^ ^ ; ^, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Thy knotted and combined locks to part, And each particular hair to stand an end. Like quills upon the fretful porpentine: 20 But this eternal blazon must not be To ears of flesh and blood. List, list, O list ! If thou didst ever thy dear father love — Ham. O God! 24 Ghost. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. ^ Ham. Murder! Ghost. Murder most foul, as in the best it is ; But this most foul, strange, and unnatural. 28 Ham. Haste me to know 't, that I, with wings as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love. May sweep to my revenge. Ghost. I find thee apt; And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed That rots itself in ease on Lethe wharf, 33 Wouldst thou not stir in this. Now, Hamlet, hear: 'Tis given out that, sleeping in mine orchard, A serpent stung me ; so the whole ear of Denmark 38 Is by a forged process of my death Rankly abus'd; but know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father's life Now wears his crown. Ham. O my prophetic soul! 40 My uncle ! ~^ ~ ~- Ghost. Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast, 18 \i:nottcd: neatly arranged combined: smoothly combed 19 anion 20 porpentine: porcupine 21 eternal blazon: revelation of eternity; cf. n. 25 unnatural: i.e., for one brother to kill another 31 apt: ready to learn 32 fat weed; cf. n. 33 Lethe; c/. n. whari: batik 35 orchard: ^^arof^n 37 process: narrative 38 abus'd: deceived 42 adulterate: adulterous 19 Prince of Denmark, I.v 29 With witchcraft of his wit, with traitorous gifts, — O wicked wit and gifts, that have the power 44 So to seduce ! — won to his shameful lust The will of my most seeming -vi rtuou s queen. Hamlet ! what a falling-oif was there ; From me, whose love was of that dignity 48 That it went hand in hand even with the vow 1 made to her in marriage ; and to decline Upon a wretch whose natural gifts were pooT v To those of mine ! ^ 52 But virtue, as it never will be mov'd. Though lewdness court it in a shape of heaven, So lust, though to a radiant angel link'd, ^' Will sate itself in a celestial bed, 56 And prey on garbage. But, soft ! methinks I scent the morning air ; Brief let me be. Sleeping within mine orchard. My custom always in the afternoon, 60 Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole. With juice of cursed hebona in a vial, And in the porches of mine ears did pour The leperous distilment; whose effect 64 Holds such an enmity with blood of man That swift as quicksilver it courses through The natural gates and alleys of the body. And with a sudden vigour it doth posset 68 And curd, like eager droppings into milk. The thin and wholesome blood : so did it mine ; And a most instant tetter bark'd about. Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust, All my smooth body. 73 62 hebona: yew, notorious for its poisonous properties 64 leperous: causing leprosy 67 gates and alleys; c/. n. 68 posset: curdle 69 eager: sour 71 instant: instantaneous tetter: skin eruption 72 lazar-like: leprous-like n> 30 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Thus was 1, sleeping, by a brother's hand, Of life, of crown, of queen, at once dispatch'd; Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, 76 Unhousel'd, disappointed, unanel'd. No reckoning made, but sent to my account With all my imperfections on my head: O, horrible ! O, horrible ! most horrible ! 80 If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not; Let not the royal bed of Denmark be A couch for luxury and damned incest. But, howsoever thou pursu'st this act, 84 Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive Against thy mother aught; leave her to heaven. And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge. To prick and sting her. Fare thee well at once ! The glow-worm shows the matin to be near, 89 And 'gins to pale his uneffectual fire ; Adieu, adieu ! Hamlet, remember me. Exit. Ham. O all you host of heaven! O earth! What else } 92 And shall I couple hell? O fie! Hold, hold, my heart ! And you, my sinews, grow not instant old. But bear me stiffly up ! Remember thee ! Ay, thou poor ghost, while, memory holds a seat In this distracted globei Remember thee! 97 Yea, from the table of my memory I'll wipe away all trivial fond records, 75 dispatch'd: bereft n Unhousel'd: witjtout having received the Holy Communion disap- pointed: unprepared tinanel'd: without having received extreme unction 78 rtckonin^: corifession and absolution 80 horrible; cf.n. 83 luxury: lasciviousness 89 matin: morning 90 unefiectua\: losing its effect 97 distxa,cted globe: confused head 98 tahle: writing-tablet 99 iond: foolish Prince of Denmark. I,v .31 \ 1 All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past, That youth and observation copied there; 101 And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain, Unmix'd with baser matter : yes, by heaven ! 104 O most pernicious woman ! villain, villain, smiling, damned villain ! My tables, my tables, — meet it is I set it down. That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain ; At least I'm sure it may be so in Denmark: 109 [Writing.^ So, uncle, there you are. Now to my word; It is, 'Adieu, adieu ! remember me/ 1 have sworn 't. 112 Hor. and Mar. (Within.) My lord! my lord! Enter Horatio and Marcellus. Mar. Lord Hamlet ! Hor. Heaven secure him! Mar. So be it ! Hor. Hillo, ho, ho, my lord ! Ham. Hillo, ho, ho, boy I come, bird, come. Mar. How is 't, my noble lord? Hor. What news, my lord? 117 Ham. O! wonderful. Hor. Good my lord, tell it. Ham. No; you will reveal it. Hor. Not I, my lord, by heaven ! Mar. Nor I, my lord. 120 Ham. How say you, then; would heart of man once think it? But you'll be secret? 100 saws: maxims pressures: impressions — as of a seal 110 word: watch-word 115 Hillo, ho, ho: falconer's hunting calf 116 come, bird, come: call which falconers use to their hawk in the air 32 The Tragedy of Hamlet, j- Ay, by heaven, my lord. Hor. Mar. Ham. There's ne'er a villain dwelling in all Den- mark, But he 's an arrant knave. 124 Hot. There needs no ghost, my lord, come from the grave. To tell us this. Ham. Why, right; you are i' the right; And so, vrithout more circumstance at all, I hold it fit that we shake hands and part; 128 You, as your business and desire shall point you, — For every man hath business and desire. Such as it is, — and, for mine own poor part. Look you, I'll go pray. 132 Hor. These are but wild and hurling words, my lord. Ham. I am sorry they offend you, heartily; Yes, faith, heartily. Hor. There's no offence, my lord. Ham. Yes, by Saint Patrick, but there is, Horatio, 136 And much offence, too. Touching this vision here. It is an honest ghost, that let me tell you; For your desire to know what is between us, O'ermaster 't as you may. And now, good friends, 140 As you are friends, scholars, and soldiers. Give me one poor request. Hor. What is 't, my lord? we will. Ham. Never make known what you have seen to- night. 144 124 arrant: thoroughgoing 127 without more circumstance: without further details 133 hurling: violent 136 Saint Patrick; cf. n. 138 honest ghost; cf. n. 140 O'ermaster 't: conquer it Prince of Denmark, I. v 33 Hor. ) T.^ , , .„ jyj r My lord, we will not. Ham. Nay, but swear 't. Hor, In faith. My lord, not I. Mar. Nor I, my lord, in faith. Ham. Upon my sword. Mar. We have sworn, my lord, already. Ham. Indeed, upon my sword, indeed. 148 Ghost. Swear. Ghost cries under the stage. Ham. Ah, ha, boy! sayst thou so? art thou there, true-penny ? Come on, — you hear this fellow in the cellarage, — Consent to swear. Hor. Propose the oath, my lord. 152 Ham. Never to speak of this that you have seen. Swear by my sword. Ghost. [Beneath.] Swear. Ham. Hie et ubique? then we'll shift our ground. 156 Come hither, gentlemen. And lay your hands again upon my sword: Never to speak of this that you have heard. Swear by my sword. 160 Ghost. [Beneath.] Swear. Ham. Well said, old mole! canst work i' the earth so fast? A worthy pioner ! once more remove, good friends. Hor. O day and night, but this is wondrous strange ! 164 Ham. And therefore as a stranger give it welcome. 150 trne-penny: honest fellow 154 sword; c/. «. 156 Hie et ubique: here and everywhere 163 pioner: digger, miner 34* The Tragedy of Hamlet, There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy. But come ; 168 Here, as before, never, so help you mercy. How strange or odd soe'er I bear myself. As I perchance hereafter shall think meet To put an antic disposition on, ' 172 That you, at such times seeing me, never shall, With arms encumber'd thus, or thus, head shake, Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase. As, 'Well, well, we know,' or, 'We could, an if we would ;' 176 Or, 'If we list to speak,' or, 'There be, an if they might ;' Or such ambiguous giving out, to note That you know aught of me: this not to do. So grace and mercy at your most need help you. Swear. 180 Ghost. [Beneath.'] Swear. [They swear.] Ham. Rest, rest, perturbed spirit! So, gentlemen, With all my love I do commend me to you: And what so poor a man as Hamlet is 184 May do, to express his love and friending to you, God willing, shall not lack. Let us go in together; And still your fingers on your lips, I pray. The time is out of joint; O cursed spite, 188 That ever I was born to set it right ! Nay, come, let's go together. Exeunt. 167 your; c/. ti. 171 meet: proper 172 antic: /an M^Hc 174 encumber'd: probably /o/d^rf 175 douhtiu\: ambiguous 177 an if: an intensive form of if 178 to note: to give a sign 188 spite: vexatious circumstance Prince of Denmark, II. i 35 ACT SECOND Scene One [^Polonius* Apartment in the Castle^ Enter Polonius and Reynaldo. Pol. Give him this money and these notes, Rey- naldo. Rey. I will, my lord. Pol. You shall do marvellous wisely, good Rey- naldo. Before you visit him, to make inquiry 4 Of his behaviour. Rey. My lord, I did intend it. Pol. Marry, well said, very well said. Look you, sir. Inquire me first what Danskers are in Paris; And how, and who, what means, and where they keep, 8 What company, at what expense; and finding By this encompassment and drift of question That they do know my son, come you more nearer Than your particular demands will touch it: 12 Take you, as 'twere, some distant knowledge of him; As thus, 'I know his father, and his friends, And, in part, him;' do you mark this, Reynaldo? Rei/. Ay, very well, my lord. 16 Pol. 'And, in part, him; but,' you may say, 'not well: But if 't be he I mean, he's very wild, Addicted so and so ;' and there put on him 7 Danskers : Danes 8 keep : live 10 encompassment: 'talking round' a subject 12 demands: questions 13 Take: assume 19 put on: impute to 36 The Tragedy of Hamlet, What forgeries you please; marry, none so rank As may dishonour him; take heed of that; 21 But, sir, such wanton, wild, and usual slips As are companions noted and most known To youth and liberty. Rey. As gaming, my lord? 24 Pol. Ay, or drinking, fencing, swearing, quarrel- ling, Drabbing; you may go so far. Rey. My lord, that would dishonour him. Pol. Faith, no; as vou mav season it in the charge. 28 You must not put another scandal on him. That he is open to incontinency ; That's not my meaning; but breathe his faults so •quaintly That they may seem the taints of liberty, 32 The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind, A savageness in unreclaimed blood. Of general assault. Rey. But, my good lord, — Pol. Wherefore should you do this? Rey. Ay, my lord, 36 I would know that. Pol. Marry, sir, here's my drift; And, I believe, it is a fetch of warrant: You laying these slight sullies on ray son, As 'twere a thing a little soil'd i' the working, 40 !Mark you, 20 forgeries: invented tales rank: excessive 22 v/anton: uyirestrained 26 'Dr3,hh\r\%: associating with immoral women 30 incontmency: habitual loose behavior 31 quSLintXy: ingeniously 32 taints of liberty: blemishes due to freedom 34 unreclaimed: untamed 35 Of general assault: to which all are liable; cf, n. 38 fetch of warrant: justifiable trick 39 sullies: blemishes Prince of Denmark^ II, i 37 Your party in converse, hira you would sound. Having ever seen in the prenominate crimes The youth you breathe of guilty, be assur'd, 44 He closes with you in this consequence; 'Good sir/ or so; or 'friend/ or 'gentleman/ According to the phrase or the addition Of man and country. Rey. Very good, my lord. 48 Pol. And then, sir, does he this, — he does, — what was I about to say? By the mass I was about to say something: where did I leave .f^ Rey. At 'closes in the consequence.' 52 At 'friend or so,' and 'gentleman.' Pol. At 'closes in the consequence/ ay, marry; He closes with you thus: 'I know the gentleman; I saw him yesterday, or t' other day, 56 Or then, or then ; with such, or such ; and, as you say, There was a' gaming; there o'ertook in 's rouse; There falling out at tennis ;' or perchance, 'I saw him enter such a house of sale/ 60 y^ Videlicet, a brothel, or so forth. See you now; Your bait of falsehood takes this carp of truth; And thus do we of wisdom and of reach, 64 With windlasses, and with assays of bias, .£y_indirections find directions out: 50 by my former lecture and advice Shall you my son. You have me, have you not? Rey. My lord, I have. 43 prenominate: aforesaid 45 closes: agrees consequence: conclusion 51 \ea\e: leave off 58 a': he o'ertook in 's rouse: ofrMwAj 60 house of salfe: house of ill fame 61 Videlicet : namely 64 reach: ability 65 windlasses: roundabout ways assays of bias: indirect attempts 66 indirections: devious courses directions: straight courses — i.e., the truth 67 lecture: i?istruction 38 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Pol. God be "vri' you; fare you well. 69 Rey. Good my lord ! Pol. Observe his inclination in yourself. Rey. I shall, my lord. 72 Pol. And let him ply his music. Rey. Well, my lord. Pol. Farewell! Exit Rey naldo. Enter Ophelia. How now, Ophelia! what's the matter.^ Oph. Alas ! my lord, I have been so affrighted. Pol. With what, in the name of God.^ 76 Oph. My lord, as I was sewing in my closet. Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbrac'd; No hat upon his head; his stockings foul'd, Ungarter'd, and down-gyved to his ankle; 80 Pale as his shirt; his knees knocking each other; And with a look so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell To speak of horrors, he comes before me. 84 Pol. Mad for thy love? Oph. My lord, I do not know; But truly I do fear it. Pol. What said he? Oph. He took me by the wrist and held me hard. Then goes he to the length of all his arm, 8S And, with his other hand thus o'er his brow. He falls to such perusal of my face As he would draw it. Long stay'd he so; At last, a little shaking of mine arm, 92 And thrice his head thus waving up and down, 71 inclination in yourself: character for yourself 7Z ply his music: go his own gait 77 closet: apartment 78 doublet: close-fitting coat unbrac'd: unfastened 80 down-gyved : hanging down like gyves or fetters 90 perusal: scrutiny Prince of Denmark, II, i 39 He rais'd a sigh so piteous and profound That it did seem to shatter all his bulk And end his being. That done, he lets me go, 96 And, with his head over his shoulder turn'd. He seem'd to find his way without his eyes ; For out o' doors he went without their help. And to the last bended their light on me. lOO Pol. Come, go with me; I will go seek the king. This is the very ecstasy of love. Whose violent property fordoes itself And leads the will to desperate undertakings As oft as any passion under heaven 105 That does afflict our natures. I am sorry. What ! have you given him any hard words of late ? Oph. No, my good lord; but, as you did com- mand, 108 I did repel his letters and denied His access to me. Pol. That hath made him mad I am sorry that with better heed and judgment I had not quoted him; I fear'd he did but trifle. And meant to wrack thee; but, beshrew ray jealousy! 113 By heaven, it is as proper to our age To cast beyond ourselves in our opinions As it is common for the younger sort 116 To lack discretion. Come, go we to the king: This must be known; which, being kept close, might move More grief to hide than hate to utter love. Come. Exeunt. 95 hulk: breast 102 ecstasy: madness 103 property: nature fordoes: destroys 112 quoted: observed 113 wrack: ruin beshrew: curse jealousy: suspicion, mistrust lis cast heyond: be over subtle 119 More . . . love;c/. ». 40 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Scene Two \_A Room in the Castle^ Enter King, Queen, Hosencrantz, Guildensiern, with others. King. Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guilden- stern ! Moreover that we much did long to see you. The need we have to use you did provoke Our hasty sending. Something have you heard Of Hamlet's transformation; so I call it, 5 Since nor the exterior nor the inward man Resembles that it was. What it should be More than his father's death, that thus hath put him 8 So much from the understanding of himself, I cannot dream of: I entreat you both. That, being of so young days brought up with him. And since so neighbour'd to his youth and humour, 12 That you vouchsafe your rest here in our court Some little time ; so by your companies To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather. So much as from occasion you may glean, 16 [Whether aught to us unknown afflicts him thus,] That, open'd, lies within our remedy. Queen. Good gentlemen, he hath much talk'd of you; And sure I am two men there are not living 20 To whom he more adheres. If it will please you To show us so much gentry and good will As to expend your time with us awhile. For the supply and profit of our hope, 24 II of so young days: from such early youth 12 neighbour'd . . . humour: near in age and temperament 13 vouchsafe your rest: please to reside 18 open'd: revealed 22 gentry: courtesy 24 supply and profit: aid and successful outcome Prince of Denmark, II, ii 4i Your visitation shall receive such thanks As fits a king's remembrance. Ros. Both your majesties Might, by the sovereign power you have of us, Put your dread pleasures more into command Than to entreaty. Guil. But we both obey, 29 And here give up ourselves, in the full bent. To lay our service freely at your feet. To be commanded. 32 King. Thanks, Rosencrantz and gentle Guilden- stern. "'^' — ««-»»-^ Queen. Thanks, Guildenstern and gentle Rosen- crantz ; And I beseech you instantly to visit My too much changed son. Go, some of you, 36 And bring these gentlemen where Hamlet is. Guil. Heavens make our presence, and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him ! Queen. Ay, amen ! Exeunt Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, [and some Attendants."] Enter Polonius. Pol. The ambassadors from Norway, my good lord, 40 Are joyfully return'd. King. Thou still hast been the father of good news. Pol. Have I, my lord.^* Assure you, my good liege, I hold my duty, as I hold my soul, 44 Both to my God, one to my gracious king; And I do think — or else this brain of mine .i.(!23' Hunts not the trail of policy so sure 30 in the full bent: to the utmost degree of mental capacity 47 policy : conduct of public affairs ( 42 The Tragedy of Hamlet, As it hath us'd to do — that I have found 48 The very cause of Hamlet's lunacy. King^^O ! speak of that; that do I long to hear. Pol. Give first admittance to the ambassadors; My news shall be the fruit to that great feast. 52 King. Thyself do grace to them, and bring them in. [Exit Polonius.] He tells me, my sweet queen, that he hath found The head and source of all your son's distemper. Queen. I doubt it is no other but the main; His father's death, and our o'erhasty marriage. King. Well, we shall sift him. Enter Polonius^ Voltimand, and Cornelius. Welcome, my good friends ! Say, Voltimand, what from our brother Norway ? Volt. Most fair return of greetings, and desires. 60 Upon our first, he sent out to suppress His nephew's levies, which to him appear'd To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack; But, better look'd into, he truly found 64 It was against your highness: whereat griev'd. That so his sickness, age, and impotence Was falsely borne in hand, sends out arrests On Fortinbras ; which he, in brief, obeys, 68 Receives rebuke from Norway, and, in fine. Makes vow before his uncle never more To give the assay of arms against your majesty. Whereon old Norway, overcome with joy, 72 Gives him three thousand crowns in annual fee. And his commission to employ those soldiers, So levied as before, against the Polack; 52 fruit: dessert 56 main: the chief point 67 borne in hand: deluded 69 in fine: in conclusion 71 assay: trial 73 iee: payment Prince of Denmark^ II. ii 43 With an entreaty, herein further shown, 76 [Giving a paper. "l That it might please you to give quiet pass Through your dominions for this enterprise, On such regards of safety and allowance As therein are set down. King. It likes us well ; 80 And at our more consider'd time we'll read. Answer, and think upon this business: Meantime we thank you for your well-took labour. Go to your rest ; at night we'll feast together : Most welcome home. Exeunt Ambassadors. Pol. This business is well ended. 85 My liege, and madam, to expostulate What majesty should be, what duty is. Why day is day, night night, and time is time. Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time. Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit. And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes, I will be brief. Your noble son is mad: 92 Mad call I it; for, to define true madness, What is 't but to be nothing else but mad.^^ But let that go. Queen. More matter, with less art. Pol. Madam, I swear I use no art at all. 96 That he is mad, 'tis true ; 'tis true 'tis pity ; And pity 'tis 'tis true : a foolish figure ; But farewell it, for I will use no art. Mad let us grant him, then ; and now remains That we find out the cause of this effect, loi Or rather say, the cause of this defect, 79 regards . . . allowance; c/. «. 81 consider'd: fit for considering 86 expostulate: set forth one's views 90 wit: judgment, understanding 91 Rourishes: embellishments 98 figure: Hgure of speech *4 The Tragedy of Hamlet, For this effect defective comes by cause; Thus it remains, and the remainder thus. Perpend. 105 I have a daughter, have while she is mine; Who, in her duty and obedience, mark, Hath given me this ; now, gather, and surmise. The Letter. "To the celestial, and my soul's idol, the most beauti- fied Ophelia. — " 109 That's an ill phrase, a vile phrase; 'beautified' is a vile phrase; but you shall hear. Thus: "In her excellent white bosom, these, &c. — " 112 Queen. Came this from Hamlet to her.^ Pol. Good madam, stay awhile; I will be faithful. "Doubt thou the stars are fire; Doubt that the sun doth move ; 116 Doubt truth to be a liar; But never doubt I love. O dear Ophelia ! I am ill at these numbers : I have not art to reckon my groans; but that I love thee best, O most best ! believe it. Adieu. Thine evermore, most dear lady, whilst this machine is to him, Hamlet." This in obedience hath my daughter shown me; And more above, hath his solicitings, As they fell out by time, by means, and place. All given to mine ear. King. But how hath she 128 Receiv'd his love? 105 Perpend: consider 109 beautified: beautiful, or, accomplished 112 these: i.e., these lines 119 ill at: unskilled at making numbers: verses 120 reckon: number metrically, scan 123 machine: bodily frame ; cf. n. 126 more above: moreover 127 fell out: occurred means: opportunities of access Prince of Denmark, II, ii 46 Pol. What do you think of me? King. As of a man faithful and honourable. Pol. I would fain prove so. But what might you think, 131 When I had seen this hot love on the wing, — As I perceiv'd it, I must tell you that, Before my daughter told me, — what might you, Or my dear majesty, your queen here, think. If I had play'd the desk or table-book, 136 Or given my heart a winking, mute and dumb. Or look'd upon this love with idle sight; What might you think ? No, I went round to work. And my young mistress thus I did bespeak: 140 'Lord Hamlet is a prince, out of thy star; This must not be :' and then I precepts gave her. That she should lock herself from his resort. Admit no messengers, receive no tokens. 144 Which done, she took the fruits of my advice ; And he, repulsed, — a short tale to make, — Fell into a sadness, then into a fast. Thence to a watch, thence into a weakness, 148 Thence to a lightness ; and by this declension Into the madness wherein now he raves. And all we wail for. King. Do you think 'tis this ? Queen. It may be, very likely. 152 Pol. Hath there been such a time, — I'd fain know that, — That I have positively said, * 'Tis so,' When it prov'd otherwise? 137 winking: with eyes shut, i.e., allowed my heart to connive 139 round: straightforwardly 140 bespeak: address 141 out of thy star: above the positron allotted thee by fortune 148 watch: state of sleeplessness 149 lightness: lightheadedness declension: decline 46 The Tragedy of Hamlet, King, Not that I know. Pol. Take this from this, if this be otherwise: [Pointing to his head and shoulder.^ If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid, though it were hid indeed Within the centre. King. How may we try it further.'' Pol. You know sometimes he walks four hours together 160 Here in the lobby. Queen. So he does indeed. Pol. At such a time I'll loose my daughter to him; Be you and I behind an arras then ; Mark the encounter; if he love her not, 164 And be not from his reason fallen thereon. Let me be no assistant for a state. But keep a farm, and carters. King. We will try it. Enter Hamlet reading on a book. Queen. But look, where sadly the poor wretch comes reading. 168 Pol. Away ! I do beseech you, both away. I'll board him presently. Exeunt King, Queen, [and Attendants. 1 O ! give me leave. How does my good Lord Hamlet .f* Ham. Well, God a-mercy. 172 Pol. Do you know me, my lord? Ham. Excellent well; you are a fishmonger. Pol. Not I, my lord. Ham. Then I would you were so honest a man. 177 159 centre: middle point of the earth 163 arras: hanging tapestry 164 encounter: manner of behavior 170 board: accost presently: immediately 174 fishmonger; c/. n. Prince of Denmark^ II, ii 47 Pol. Honesty my lord! Ham. Ay J sir; to be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of ten thou- sand. 181 Pol. That's very true, ray lord. Ham. For if the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion, — Have you a daughter } 185 Pol. I have, my lord. Ham. Let her not walk i' the sun: conception is a blessing; but not as your daughter may con- ceive. Friend, look to 't. 189 Pol. [Aside.'l How say you by that? Still harping on my daughter: yet he knew me not at first; he said I was a fishmonger: he is far gone, far gone: and truly in my youth I suffered much extremity for love; very near this. I'll speak to him again. What do you read, my lord ? Ham. Words, words, words. 196 Pol. What is the matter, my lord ? Ham. Between who? Pol. I mean the matter that you read, my lord. 200 Ham. Slanders, sir: for the satirical rogue says here that old men have grey beards, that their faces are wrinkled, their eyes purging thick amber and plum-tree gum, and that they have a plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak hams: all which, sir, though I most powerfully and potently believe, yet I hold it not honesty to have it thus set down; for you yourself, sir, 184 good kissing; cf. n. 187 conception; cf. n. 197 matter: substance 198 Between who ?; c/. n. 203 purging: discharging 204 amber . . . gum; cf. n. 207 honesty: decency 48 The Tragedy of Hamlet, should be old as I am, \i, like a crab, you could go backward. 210 Pol, l^Aside.'] Though this be madness, yet there is method in 't. Will you walk out of the I air, my lord? [ Ham. Into my grave? 2i4 Pol. Indeed, that is out o' the air. [Aside. ^ How pregnant sometimes his replies are ! a happiness that often madness hits on^ which reason and sanity could not so prosperously be delivered of. I will leave him, and suddenly contrive the means of meeting between him and my daughter. My honourable lord, I will most humbly take my leave of you. 222 Ham. You cannot, sir, take from me any thing that I will more willingly part withal; except my life, except my life, except my life. Pol. Fare you well, my lord. {^Going.^ Ham. These tedious old fools|,^ ^ Enter Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Pol. You go to seek the Lord Hamlet; there he is. 228 Ros. [To Polonius.l God save you^ sir! [Exit Polonius.^ Guil. Mine honoured lord ! Ros. My most dear lord! Ham. My excellent good friends ! How dost thou, Guildenstern ? Ah, Rosencrantz ! Good lads, how do ye both } 234 Ros. As the indifferent children of the earth. 216 pTegnant: full of meaning 217 happiness: appropriateness 218 prosperously: successfully 224 withal: with 235 indifferent: ordinary, average Prince of Denmark, II. ii 49 Guil. Happy in that we are not over happy; on Fortune's cap we are not the very button. Ham. Nor the soles of her shoe? 238 Ros. Neither, my lord. Ham. Then you live about her waist, or in the middle of her favours ? 241 Guil. Faith, her privates we. Ham. In the secret parts of Fortune ? O ! most true; she is a strumpet. What news.^ 244 Ros. None, my lord, but that the world's grown honest. Ham. Then is doomsday near; but your news / is not true. Let me question more in particular: I what have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands of Fortune, that she sends you to prison hither? Guil. Prison, my lord! 252 Ham. Denmark's a prison. Ros. Then is the world one. Ham. A goodly one; in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o' the worst. 257 Ros. We think not so, my lord. Ham. Why, then, *tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison. 261 Ros. Why, then your ambition makes it one; 'tis too narrow for your mind. ^)\.{ f j TTam. O God! I could be bounded in a nut- ' / shell, and count myself a king of infinite space, ' were it not that I have bad dreams. Guil. Which dreams, indeed, are ambition, 237 on . . . button; cf. n. 244 strumpet; cf. n. [ ] , ., ?■ We 11 wait upon you. 60 The Tragedy of Hamlet, for the very substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream. 269 Ham. A dream itself is but a shadow. Ros. Truly,, and I hold ambition of so airy and light a quality that it is but a shadow's shadow. 273 Ham. Then are our beggars bodies, and our j monarchs and outstretched heroes the beggars' I shadows. Shall we to the court ? for, by my fay, I cannot reason. 277 Gi Ham. No such matter; I will not sort you with the rest of my servants, for, to speak to you like an honest man, I am most! dreadfully at- tended. But, in the beaten way of friendship, what make you at Elsinore? Ros. To visit you, my lord; no other occa- sion. 285 Ham. Beggar that I am, I am even poor in thanks; but I thank you: and sure, dear friends, my thanks are too dear a halfpenny. Were you not sent for.'' Is it your own inclining? Is it a free visitation? Come, come, deal justly with me: come, come; nay, speak. Guil. What should we say, my lord ? 292 Ham. Why anything, but to the purpose. You were sent for; and there is a kind of con- fession in your looks which your modesties have 272 quality: nature 274 beggars bodies; cf. n. 275 outstretched: ^frwfftM^ 276 iaiy: faith 277 reason: argue 278 -wait upon: accompany 279 sort: class 282 beaten way: ordinary course 288 too dear a halfpenny; cf. n. 290 free: voluntary Prince of Denmark, II, ii 51 not craft enough to colour: I know the good king and queen have sent for you. 29T Ros. To what end, my lord? Ham. That you must teach me. But let me conjure you, by the rights of our fellowship, by the consonancy of our youth, by the obli- gation of our ever-preserved love, and by what more dear a better proposer could charge you withal, be even and direct with me, whether you were sent for or no ! 305 Ros. [Aside to Guildenstern.'} What say you.^ Ham. Nay, then, I have an eye of you. If you love me, hold not off. 309 Guil. My lord, we were sent for. Ham. I will tell you why; so shall my antici- pation prevent your discovery, and your secrecy to the king and queen moult no feather. I have of late, — ^but wherefore I know not, — lost all my mirth, forgone all custom of exercises; and indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o'erhanging firma- ment, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours. What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! how infinite in faculty ! intorm and 296 colour : disguise _ 300 conjure: adjure 301 consonancy of youth: being of the same age 303 better proposer: more skillful exhorter 304 even: straightforward 308 have an eye of you: have an eye upon you 312 prevent: precede discovery: disclosure 319 brave: splendid 320 fretted: adorned 324 faculty: capacity 52 The Tragedy of Hamlet, moving, how express and admirable ! in action how like an angel ! in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the world! the paragon of , animals ! And yet, to me, what is this quintes- \ sence of dust? man delights not me; no, nor \ woman neither, though, by your smiling, you I \seem to say so. 331 Ros. My lord, there was no such stuff in my thoughts. Ham. Why did you laugh then, when I said 'man delights not me?' 335 Ros. To think, my lord, if you delight not in man, what lenten entertainment the players shall receive from you: we coted them on the way; and hither are they coming, to offer you service. 340 Ham. He that plays the king shall be wel- come; his majesty shall have tribute of me; the adventurous knight shall use his foil and target; the lover shall not sigh gratis; the humorous man shall end his part in peace; the clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are tickle o' the sere; and the lady shall say her mind freely, or the blank verse shall halt for 't. What players are they ? 349 Ros. Even those you were wont to take delight in, the tragedians of the city. Ham. How chances it they travel? their residence, both in reputation and profit, was better both ways. 354 32S express: well-modelled 326 apprehension: understanding 328 quintessence; cf. n. 332 stuff: matter 337 lenten: meagre 338 coted: passed 343 ioil and target: sword and shield 344 humorous man: actor of whimsical characters 345 clown: low comedian 346 tickle o' the sere: yield easily to any impulse; cf. n. 348 ha.lt: limp 353 residence: remaining in one place Prince of Denmark, II. ii 63 Ros. I think their inhibition comes by the means of the late innovation. Ham. Do they hold the same estimation they did when I was in the city ? Are they so followed ? Ros. 'No, indeed they are not. 359 Ham. How comes it.f^ Do they grow rusty? Ros. Nay, their endeavour keeps in the wonted ; pace: but there is, sir, an aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for't: these are now the fashion, and so berattle the common stages, — so they call them, — that many wearing rapiers are afraid of goose-quills, and dare scarce come thither. 368 Ham. What ! are they children ? who main- tains 'em} how are they escoted? Will they pursue the quality no longer than they can - sing.f* will they not say afterwards, if they should grow themselves to common players, — as it is most like, if their means are no better, — their writers do them wrong, to make them exclaim against their own succession? 376 Ros. Faith, there has been much to-do on both sides: and the nation holds it no sin to tarre them to controversy : there was, for a while, no money bid for argument, unless the poet and the player went to cuffs in the question. 381 355 inhihition: formal prohibition 356 innovation; c/. n. 357 estimation: reputation 362 aery: nest; cf. n. 363 eyas&s: young hawks cry . . . qviQstion: recite at tlie highest pitch of the voice ; cf. n. 364 tyrannically: outrageously 365 berattle: fill with din common stages: public theatres 367 airaid oi goose-quills: afraid of being satirised 370 escoted: maintained 371 quality: profession 373 common players: professional players 376 succession: future, or, inheritance 379 tarve: incite 380 argument: subject-matter, plot 381 cuffs: Wo w^ 64» The Tragedy of Hamlet, Ham. Is it possible? fl/\jd^-^'' \ Guil. O ! there has been much throwing about of brains. 384 Ham. Do the boys carry it away? Ros. Ay, that they do, my lord; Hercules and his load too. 387 Ham. It is not strange; for my uncle is King of Denmark^ and those that would make mows at him while my father lived, give twenty, forty, fifty, a hundred ducats a-piece for his picture in little. 'Sblood, there is something in this more than natural, if philosophy could find it out. Flourish for the Players. Guil. There are the players. 395 Ham. Gentlemen, you are welcome to Elsi- nore. Your hands, come then; the appurtenance of welcome is fashion and ceremony: let me comply with you in this garb, lest my extent to the players — which, I tell you, must show fairly outward — should more appear like entertain- ment than yours. You are welcome; but my uncle-father and aunt-mother are deceived. Guil. In what, my dear lord? 404 Ham. I am but mad north-north-west: when \ the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a • handsaw. Enter Polonius. Pol. Well be with you, gentlemen ! 408 385 carry it away: carry the day 386 Hercules and his load; cf. n. 390 mows: grimaces 391 ducats: gold or silver coins 392 in little: in miniature 'Sblood: God's blood 394 Flourish : a trumpet call 397 appurtenance: proper accompaniment 399 comply: observe the formalities of courtesy garb: manner extent: showing of kindness 407 handsaw: saw managed with one hand; cf. n. Prince of Denmark j, II. it 55 Ham. Hark you, Guildenstern ; and you too; at each ear a hearer: that great baby you see there is not yet out of his swaddling-clouts. 411 Ros. Happily he's the second time come to them; for they say an old man is twice a child. Ham. I will prophesy he comes to tell me of the players; mark it. You say right, sir; o' Monday morning; 'twas so indeed. 416 Pol. My lord, I have news to tell you. Ham. My lord, I have news to tell you. When Roscius was an actor in Rome, — Pol. The actors are come hither, my lord. Ham. Buzz, buzz ! 421 Pol. Upon my honour, — Ham. Then came each actor on his ass, — Pol. The best actors in the world, either for tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral^ comical, historical-pastoral, tragical-historical, tragical-comical-historical-pastoral, scene indi- vidable, or poem unlimited: Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light. For the law of writ and the liberty, these are the only men. Ham. O Jephthah, judge of Israel, what a treasure hadst thou ! 432 Pol. What a treasure had he, my lord? Ham. Why "One fair daughter and no more. The which he loved passing well." 436 Pol. \^Aside.^ Still on my daughter. 411 swaddling-clouts: bandages in which newborn children were wrapped 419 Roscius; c/. «. 421 "Brnz, hnzz: an exclamation of contempt 427 scene individable; cf. n. 428 poem unlimited; cf. n. Seneca; cf. n. 429 Plautus; cf. n. law of writ and the liberty; cf. n. 431 Jephthah: title of an old ballad; cf. n. 436 passing: surpassing 56 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Ham. Am I not i* the right, old Jephthah ? Pol. If you call me Jephthah, my lord, I have a daughter that I love passing well. 440 Ham. Nay, that follows not. Pol. What follows, then, my lord? Ham. Why, ' VvOiiXv,r",; "As by lot, God wot." 444 And then, you know, "It came to pass, as most like it was. — " The first row of the pious chanson will show you more; for look where my abridgments come. Enter four or five Players. You are welcome, masters; welcome, all. I am glad to see thee well: welcome, good friends. O, my old friend! Thy face is valanced since I saw thee last: comest thou to beard me in Denmark ? What ! my young lady and mistress ! By 'r lady, your ladyship is nearer heaven than when I saw you last, by the altitude of a chopine. Pray God, your voice, like a piece of uncurrent gold, be not cracked within the ring. ^Masters, you are welcome. We'll e'en to 't like French falconers, fly at anything we see: we'll have a speech straight. Come, give us a taste of your quality; come, a passionate speech. 461 First Play. What speech, my lord.'* Ham. I heard thee speak me a speech once, but it was never acted; or, if it was, not above 446 'as most like it was' : as was most probable 447 row: stanza, verse, column of print (?) chanson: song 448 abridgments: means of whiling away the time 451 valanced: 'curtained,' with a beard 454 By 'r lady: By our Lady {The Virgin) 455 chopine: a Venetian raised shoe often worn by actors 456 uncurrent: not passable as lawful coinage 457 cracked . . . ring; cf. n. 460 straight: immediately Prince of Denmark^ II, ii S7 once; for the play, I remember, pleased not the million ; 'twas caviare to the general : but it was — as I received it, and others, whose judgments in such matters cried in the top of mine — an ex- cellent play, well digested in the scenes, set down with as much modesty as cunning. I remember one said there were no sallets in the lines to make the matter savoury, nor no matter in the phrase that might indict the author of affecta- tion; but called it an honest method, [as whole- some as sweet, and by very muchlmore handsome than fine.] One speech in it I chiefly loved; 'twas Eneas' tale to Dido; and thereabout of it espe- cially, where he speaks of Priam's slaughter. If it live in your memory, begin at this line: let me see, let me see: — 480 "The rugged Pyrrhus, like the Hyrcanian beast, — " 'Tis not so, it begins with Pyrrhus :— r /) 4 (^ "The rugged Pyrrhus, he, whose sable arms. Black as his purpose, did the night resemble When he lay couched in the ominous horse, 485 Hath now this dread and black complexion smear'd With heraldry more dismal ; head to foot Now is he total gules ; horridly trick'd 488 With blood af fathers, mothers, daughters, sons, Bak'd and impasted with the parching streets, That lend a tyrannous and damned light ; '^^ To their vile murders : roasted in wrath and fire, 492 466 caviare . . . general; cf. n. 468 cried in the top of: spoke with a louder voice of authority than 469 digested: arranged; cf. n. 470 mo6.esty: without exaggeration, moderation cunning : ^fet// 1» technique 471 sallets . . . savoury; cf. n. 473 indict: convict 475 handsome; c/. M. 476 fine: elaborately fashioned 477 Eneas' tale to Dido; cf. n. 481 Hyrcanian; cf n. 485 ominous horse; c/. n. 488 gules: red trick'd: spotted 490 impasted: made into a paste 58 The Tragedy of Hamlet, And thus o'er-sized with coagulate gore^ With eyes like carbuncles^ the hellish Pyrrhus Old grandsire Priam seeks." [So proceed you.] 496 Pol. 'Fore God, my lord, well spoken; with good accent and good discretion. First Play. "Anon, he finds him Striking too short at Greeks; his antique sword. Rebellious to his arm, lies where it falls, 500 Repugnant to command. Unequal match'd, Pyrrhus at Priam drives; in rage strikes wide; But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword The unnerved father falls. Then senseless Ilium, 504 Seeming to feel this blow, with flaming top Stoops to his base, and with a hideous crash Takes prisoner Pyrrhus' ear: for lo ! his sword, ^Vhich was declining on the milky head 508 Of reverend Priam, seem'd i' the air to stick: So, as a painted tyrant, Pyrrhus stood. And like a neutral to his will and matter. Did nothing. 512 But, as we often see, against somq, storm, g - A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still. The bold winds speechless and the orb below As hush as death, anon the dreadful thunder 516 Doth rend the region; so, after Pyrrhus' pause. Aroused vengeance sets him new a-work; And never did the Cyclops' hammers fall On Mars's armour, forg'd for proof eterne, 520 493 o'er-sized: covered with something like size, a kind cf glue 501 'Repugnant, to: resisting 503 i&\\: cruel 504 senseless: without physical sensation 510 painted tyrant: picture of a tyrant in a tapestry 511 a. nentraA: one indifferent xasXtcr : task 513 against: /M^f fc^/or^ 514 ra.c'ri: mass of cloud 516 anon: presently 517 region: tlie air 520 proof eterne: eternal impenetrability Prinde of Denmark^ II. ii 59 With less remorse than Pyrrhus' bleeding sword Now falls on Priam. Out, out, thou strumpet, Fortune! All you gods. In general synod, take away her power; 524 . Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, U And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven. As low as to the fiends !" Pol. This is too long. 528 Ham. It shall to the barber's, with your beard. Prithee, say on: he's for a jig or a tale of bawdry, or he sleeps. Say on; come to Hecuba. 532 First Play. ''But who, O ! who had seen the mobled queen — " Ham. 'The mobled queen?' — Pol. That's good; 'mobled queen' is good. First Play. "Run barefoot up and down, threat'ning the flames ^' ^' 536 With bisson rheum ; a clout upon that head Where late the diadem stood; and, for a robe. About her lank and all o'er-teemed loins, A blanket, in the alarm of fear caught up ; 540 Who this had seen, with tongue in venom steep'd, 'Gainst Fortune's state would treason have pro- nounc'd : But if the gods themselves did see her then, When she saw Pyrrhus make malicious sport In mincing with his sword her husband's limbs, 545 524 synod: assembly 525 fellies: the pieces of wood of which the circumference is made 526 nave: hub 530 jig: lively dance, often accompanied by coarse comic verses or dialogue 531 bawdry: indecency 532 Hecuba; cf. n. 533 mobled: muffled; cf. n. 537 bisson rheum: blinding tears (?) _ clout: piece of cloth 539 o'er-teemed: exhausted by excessive child-bearing 542 pronounc'd: proclaimed 60 The Tragedy of Hamlet, The instant burst of clamour that she made — Unless things mortal move them not at all — Would have made milch the burning eyes of heaven, 548 And passion in the gods." i> Pol. Look ! wh'er he has not turned his colour and has tears in 's eyes. Prithee, no more. 551 Ham. 'Tis well; I'll have thee speak out the rest soon. Good my lord, vrill you see the players well bestowed? Do you hear, let them be well used; for they are the abstracts and brief chroni- cles of the time: after your death you were bet- ter have a bad epitaph than their ill report while you live. Pol. My lord, I will use them according to their desert. 560 Ham. God's bodikins, man, much better; use every man after his desert, and who should 'scape whipping? Use them after your own honour and dignity: the less they deserve, the more merit is in your bounty. Take them in. 565 Pol. Come, sirs. Ham. Follow him, friends: we'll hear a play to-morrow. Exit Polonius, \^witli all the Players hut the First. ^ Dost thou hear me, old friend; can you play the Murder of Gonzago? 570 First Play. Ay, my lord. Ham. We'll ha 't to-morrow night. You could, for a need, study a speech of some dozen or six- teen lines, which I would set down and insert in 't, could you not ? 548 m^iAemWch: made weep 550 turned . . . colour: grown pale 554 bestowed: /orfg^rf 555 a-hstr^iCts: sximmary accounts 561 God's bodikins; cf. n. 573 for a need: in case of necessity dozen or sixteen lines; cf. n. Prince of Denmark, II, ii 61 First Play. Ay, my lord. 576 Ham. Very well. Follow that lord; and look you mock him not. [Exit First Player. To Ro- sencrantz and Guildenstern.^ My good friends, I'll leave you till night; you are welcome to Elsinore. 581 Ros. Good my lord! Exeunt [Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.^ Ham. Ay, so, God be wi' ye ! Now I am alone. O ! what a rogue and peasant slave am 1 : 584 Is it not monstrous that this player here. But in a fiction, in a dream of passion, ; Could force his soul so to his own conceit 587 That from her working all his visage wann'd. Tears in his eyes, distraction in 's aspect, A broken voice, and his whole function suiting With forms to his conceit? and all for nothing! For Hecuba! 592 What's Hecuba to him or he to Hecuba That he should weep for her ? What would he do Had he the motive and the cue for passion That I have.'' He would drown the stage with tears, 596 And cleave the general ear with horrid speech, Make mad the guilty and appal the free. Confound the ignorant, and amaze indeed The very faculties of eyes and ears. 600 Yet I, A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak. Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause, 584 peasant: base 587 conceit: imagination 590 function: action of the body suiting: fitting 591 forms: bodily expression 595 cue; cf. n. 597 horrid: horrible 598 free: free from offence, guiltless 602 muddy-mettled: dull-spirited peak: mope about 603 J ohn-aL-dresims: dreamy fellow; cf. n. unpregnant of : no* quickened by 62 The Tragedy of Hamlet, And can say nothing ; no, not for a king, 604 Upon whose property and most dear life A damn'd defeat was made. Am I a coward? Who calls me villain? breaks my pate across? Plucks off my beard and blows it in my face ? 608 Tweaks me by the nose ? gives me the lie i' the throat, As deep as to the lungs ? Who does me this ? Ha! 'Swounds, I should take it, for it cannot be 612 But I am pigeon-liver'd, and lack gall To make oppression bitter, or ere this I should have fatted all the region kites With this slave's offal. Bloody, bawdy villain ! Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless vil- lain ! 617- O ! vengeance ! Why, what an ass am I ! This is most brave That I, the son of a dear [father] murder'd, 620 Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell. Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words. And fall a-cursing, like a very drab, iA scullion! 624 Fie upon 't ! f oh ! About, my brain ! I have heard. That guilty creatures sitting at a play Have by the very cunning of the scene Been struck so to the soul that presently 628 They have proclaim'd their malefactions; For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak With most miraculous organ. I'll have these players ;6C5 property; cf. n. 606 defeat: destruction 612 ^?)\\'onnds: God's wounds 613 'Qut: but that pigeon-liver'd: w^^fe; c/. n. 614 make oppression bitter: make me feci the bitterness of oppression 615 Ttg\onk\iQs: kites of the air 617 kindless: «««afMra/ 623 Arah: street woman 624 scuWion: kitchen servant 625 About, my brain: bestir yourself, my brain, or, my brain, on another tack Prince of Denmark^ III. i 63 Play something like the murder of my father 632 Before mine uncle; I'll observe his looks; I'll tent him to the quick: if he but blench I know my course. The spirit that I have seen May be the devil : and the devil hath power 636 _Xfi assume a pleasing shape; yeajL^and perhaps Out of my weakness and my melancholy — As he is very potent with such spirits — Ab'ui^es me to damn me. I'll have grounds 640 More relative than this: the play's the thing Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king. Exit. ACT THIRD Scene One [A Room in the Castle^ Enter King, Queen, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and Lords. King. And can you, by no drift of circumstance, Get from him why he puts on this confusion, Grating so harshly all his days of quiet With turbulent and dangerous lunacy? 4 Ros. He does confess he feels himself distracted; But from what cause he will by no means speak. Guil. Nor do we find him forward to be sounded. But, with a crafty madness, keeps aloof, 8 When we would bring him on to some confession Of his true state. Queen. Did he receive you well? 634 tent: probe blench: start aside 639 spirits: mental moods 641 relative: relevant, to the purpose 1 drift of circumstance: roundabout m,ethod 2 confusion: mental agitation 3 Grating: harassing 7 forward: ready, disposed 64 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Ros. Most like a gentleman. Guil. But with much forcing of his disposition. 12 Ros. Niggard of question, but of our demands Most free in his reply. Queen. Did you assay him To any pastime.'' Ros. Madam, it so fell out that certain players I6 We o'er-raught on the way; of these we told him. And there did seem in him a kind of joy To hear of it: they are about the court, And, as I think, they have already order 20 This night to play before him. Pol. 'Tis most true; And he beseech'd me to entreat your majesties To hear and see the matter. King. With all my heart; and it doth much content me 24 To hear him so inclin'd. Good gentlemen, give him a further edge. And drive his purpose on to these delights. Ros. We shall, my lord. Exeunt \R0sencrant2 and Guildenstern.'\ King. Sweet Gertrude, leave us too; For we have closely sent for Hamlet hither, 29 That he, as 'twere by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Her father and myself, lawful espials, 32 Will so bestow ourselves, iBat, seeing, unseen. We may of their encounter frankly judge. And gather by him, as he is behav'd, 12 forcing of his disposition: with apparent unwillingness 13 niggard of question: sparing of conversation 14 assay: challenge 17 o'er-raught: overtook 26 edge: incitement 29 closely: privately 31 Affront: meet 32 espials: spies 34 frankly: freely Prince of Denmark^ III. i 66 If 't be the affliction of his love or no 36 That thus he suffers for. Queen. I shall obey you. And for your part, Ophelia, I do wish That your good beauties be the happy cause Of Hamlet's wildness ; so shall I hope your virtues 40 Will bring him to his wonted way again, To both your honours. Oph. Madam, I wish it may. [Exit Queen.l Pol. Ophelia, walk you here. Gracious, so please you. We will bestow ourselves. [To Ophelia.] Read on this book; 44 That show of such an exercise may colour Your loneliness. We are oft to blame in this, 'Tis too much prov'd, that with devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er 48 The devil himself. King. [Aside.] O! 'tis too true; How smart a lash that speech doth give my con- science ! f The harlot's cheek, beautied with plastering art. Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it 52 Than is my deed to my most painted word: O heavy burden ! Pol. I hear him coming; let's withdraw, my lord. Exeunt [King and Polonius.] Enter Hamlet. 40 wildness: madness 43 Gracious: a courteous epithet, here used without a substantive 45 exercise: employment 47 too much prov'd: found by too frequent experience 48 pious action: i.e., implies that Ophelia's book was a book of devo- tions 52 to : in comparison with 66 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Ham. To be, or not to be: that is the question: 56 Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and, by a sleep to say we end 61 The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep ; 64 To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There's the respect 68 That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time. The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of dispriz'd love, the law's delay, 72 The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes. When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin ? who would fardels bear, 76 To grunt and sweat under a weary life. But that the dread of something after death. The undiscover'd country from whose bourn No traveller returns, puzzles the will, 80 And laakes us rather bear those ills we have Tha!i fly to others that we know not of? Tlias conscience does make cowards of us all; 59 take . . . troubles; cf. n. 65 rub: obstacle 67 shuffled off: sloughed off mortal coil: turmoil of mortal life 68 give us pause: cause us to hesitate respect: consideration 72 dispriz'd: held in contempt 73 office: people holding official position spurns: insults 75 quietus: release from life 76 bare: unsheathed, or, small bodkin: dagger fardels: burdens 79 bourn: boundary 83 conscience: sense of right and wrong (?), or, thought of conse- quences I Prince of Denmark, III, i ^7 And thus the native hue of resolution 84 Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action. Soft you now ! 88 The fair Ophelia ! Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remember'd. Oph. Good my lord. How does your honour for this many a day ? Ham. I humbly thank you; well, well, well. Oph. My lord, I have remembrances of yours. That I have longed long to re-deliver; I pray you, now receive them. Ham. No, not I ; I never gave you aught. 96 Oph. My honoured lord, you know right well you did; And, with them, words of so sweet breath compos'd As made the things more rich: their perfume lost. Take these again ; for to the noble mind lOO Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind. There, my lord. Ham. Ha, ha! are you honest? Oph. My lord! 104 Ham. Are vou fair? Oph. What means your lordship? Ham. That if you be honest and fair, your honesty should admit no discourse to your beauty. 109 84 native hue: natural color, or, complexion 85 sicklied o'er: covered with a sickly tint cast: tinge 86 pith and moment: gravity and importance ; cf. I. iv. 22 87 reg3.T6.: consideration cvLVvents: courses 89 orisons: prayers 91 for this many a day: all this long time 103 honest: chaste 68 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Oph. Could beauty, my lord, have better com- merce than with honesty? Ham. Ay, truly; for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness: this was sometime a I paradox, but now the time gives it proof. I did love you once. 117 Oph. Indeed, my lord, you made me believe so. Ham. You should not have believed me; for virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it: I loved you not. Oph. I was the more deceived. 123 Ham. Get thee to a nunnery: why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest; but yet I could accuse me of such things that it were better my mother had not borne me. I am very proud, revengeful, ambitious ; with more offences at my beck than I have thoughts to put them in, imagination to give them shape, or time to act them in. What should such fellows as I do crawling between heaven and earth? We are arrant knaves, all; believe none of us. Go thy ways to a nunnery. Where's your father? 135 Oph. At home, my lord. Ham. Let the doors be shut upon him, that he ma-y play the fool nowhere but in 's own house. Farewell. Oph. O ! help him, you sweet heavens ! 140 Ham. If thou dost marry, I'll give thee this 110 commerce: intercourse 116 t\mc'. present age 121 inoculate: engraft 122 relish: taste 126 indifferent: tolerably 129 beck: command Prince of Denmark, III, i 69 plague for thy dowry: be thou as chaste as ice^ as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Get thee to a nunnery, go ; farewell. Or, if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool; for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of j them. To a nunnery, go ; and quickly too. Farewell. 148 Oph. O heavenly powers, restore him! Ham. I have heard of your paintings too, well enough; God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves another: you jig, you amble, and you lisp, and nickname God's crea- tures, and make your wantonness your ignorance. Go to. 111 no more on't; it hath made me mad. • I say, we will have no more marriages ; those that are married already, all but one, shall live; the rest shall keep as they are. To a nunnery, go. Exit Hamlet. Oph. O ! what a noble mind is here overthrown : The courtier's, soldier's, scholar's, eye, tongue, sword; J ic^f^^ 160 The expectancy and rose of the fair state. The glass of fashion and the mould of form, The observ'd of all observers, quite, quite down ! And I, of ladies most deject and wretched, 164 That suck'd the honey of his music vows. Now see that noble and most sovereign reason. Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh; That unmatch'd form and feature of blown youth 168 150 your paintings: i.e., that women paint their faces 153 nickname: travesty; cf. n. 154 make your wantonness your ignorance: i.e., affect ignorance as a mask for wantonness 155 on 't: of it 161 expectancy: source of hope 162 glass: mirror mould.: m,odel 166 sow^r&ign: supreme 168 feature: proportion of the whole body blown: blossoming, in its bloom 70 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Blasted with ecstasy: O! woe is me, To have seen what I have seen, see what I see ! Enter King and PoloniuST" .... King. Love ! his affections do not that way tend ; Nor what he spake, though it lack'd form a little, 172 Was not like madness. There's something in his soul O'er which his taelancholy sits on brood; And, I do doubt, the hatch and the disclose Will be some danger ; which for to prevent, 176 I have in quick determination Thus set it down: he shall with speed to England, For the demand of our neglected tribute: Haply the seas and countries different 180 With variable objects shall expel This something-settled matter in his heart, ^Vhereon his brains still beating puts him thus From fashion of himself. WTiat think you on 't? Pol. It shall do well : but yet do I believe 185 The origin and commencement of his grief Sprung from neglected love. How now, Ophelia! You need not tell us what Lord Hamlet said; We heard it all. My lord, do as you please ; 189 But, if you hold it fit, after the play. Let his queen mother all alone entreat him To show his griefs: let her be round with him; 192 And I'll be plac'd, so please you, in the ear Of all their conference. If she find him not. To England send him, or confine him where Your wisdom best shall think. King. It shall be so : 196 Madness in great ones must not unwatch'd go. '' Exeunt. 169 Blasted: withered 175 disclose: hatching 181 variable: various 182 something-settled: ^om^w/mf ^^^i/^d 183 heating: pondering 184 fashion of himself: his ordinary manner 194 find: find out Prince of Denmark^ III, ii ^i Scene Two [^ Hall in the Castlel Enter Hamlet and two or three of the Players. Ham. Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pro- nounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue; but if you mouth it, as many of your players do, I had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines. Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand, thus; but use all gently: for in the very torrent, tempest, and — as I may say — whirlwind of passion, you must acquire and beget a temper- ance, that may give it smoothness. O ! it offends me to the soul to hear a robustious periwig- pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the groundlings, who for the most part are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumb-shows and noise: I would have such a fellow whipped for o'er-doing Termagant; it out-herods Herod: pray you, avoid it. 17 First Play. I warrant your honour. Uam. Be not too tame neither, but let your own discretion be your tutor: suit the action to the word, the word to the action; with this special observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature; for anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing, whose end, both at 2 trippingly: rapidly, but with neat articulation 3 mouth: speak loudly with false emphasis and indistinctness 8 beget: attain temperance: moderation 10 Tohustious: boisterous periwig-pated: wearing a wig 12 groundlings; c/. n. 13 capable oi: able to receive impressions from 14 inexplicable dumb-shows; cf. n. 16 Termagant; cf. n. out-herods Herod; cf. n. 24 from : apart from 72 The Tragedy of Hamlet, the first and now, was and is, to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure. Now, this overdone, or come tardy off, though it make the unskilful laugh, cannot but make the judicious grieve; the censure of which one must in your allowance o'erweigh a whole theatre of others. O ! there be players that I have seen play, and heard others praise, and that highly, not to speak it profanely, that, neither having the accent of Christians nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man, have so strutted and bellowed that I have thought some of nature's journey- men had made men and not made them jreU^ they imitated humanity so abominably. 40 First Play. I hope we have reformed that indifferently with us, sir. Ham. O ! reform it altogether. And let those that play your clowns speak no more than is set down for them; for there be of them that will themselves laugh, to set on some quantity of barren spectators to laugh too, though in the mean time some necessary question of the play be then to be considered; that's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it. Go, make you ready. Exeunt Players. Enter Polonius, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern. How now, my lord ! will the king hear this piece of work ? 52 28 pressure : impressed character, stamp 29 come tardy off: inadequately done 31 which one: one of whom 32 allowance: acknowledgment 38 journeymen: laborers not yet masters of their trade 45 there be of them: there are some; cf. n. 47 barren: barren of wit Prince of Denmark, III, ii 73 Pol. And the queen too, and that presently. Ham. Bid the players make haste. Exit Polonius. Will you two help to hasten them? ^ -J \ We will, my lord. 56 Exeunt [Rosencrants and Guildenstern.'] Ham. What, ho! Horatio! Enter Horatio. Hor. Here, sweet lord, at your service. Ham. Horatio, thou art e'en as just a m an y ; As e'er my conversation cop'd withal. 60 Hor. O ! my dear lord, — Ham. Nay, do not think I flatter; For what advancement may I hope from thee. That no revenue hast but thy good spirits To feed and clothe thee.'' Why should the poor be flatter'd? 64 No; let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp. And crook the pregnant hinges of the knee Where thrift may follow fawning. Dost thou hear? Since my dear soul was mistress of her choice And could of men disting-uish, her election 69 l^ath seal'd thee for herself ; for thou hast been As one, in suffering all, that suffers nothing, A man that fortune's buffets and rewards 72 Hast ta'en with equal thanks ; and bless'd are those Whose blood and judgment are so well co-mingled That they are not a pipe for fortune's finger To sound what_stop she please; Give me that man 76 That is not passion's slave, and I will wear him 59 just: balanced 60 cop'd withal : came in contact with 65 candied: flattering 66 pregnant hinges: £"051/3; inc/iw^c? /otn^i 67 thriit: profit^ 69 election: c/zoic^ 74 blood: passions 76 stop: a hole in wind instruments for controlling the sound 74 The Tragedy of Hamlet, In my heart's core^ &j, in my heart of heart. As I do thee. Something too much of this. There is a play to-night before the king; 80 One scene of it comes near the circumstance Which I have told thee of my father's death: I prithee, when thou seest that act afoot. Even with the very comment of thy soul 84 Observe mine uncle; if his occulted guilt Do not itself unkennel in one speech, It is a damned ghost that we have seen. And my imaginations are as foul 88 As Vulcan's stithy. Give him heedful note; For I mine eyes will rivet to his face, And after we will both our judgments join In censure of his seeming. Hor, Well, my lord : 92 If he steal aught the whilst this play is playing, And 'scape detecting, I will pay the theft. Ham. They are coming to the play ; I must be idle : Get you a place. 96 Enter King, Queen, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and other Lords attendant, with his Guard carrying torches. Danish March. Sound a Flourish. King. How fares our cousin Hamlet? Ham. Excellent, i' faith; of the chameleon's /dish: I eat the air, promise-crammed; you can- not feed capons so. lOO King. I have nothing with this answer, Ham- let; these words are not mine. 84 very comment: most intense observation 85 occulted: hidden 86 unkennel : rez/^a/ 89 Vulcan; c/.n, stithy: smithy, or, anvil 92 censure: giving an opinion seeming: appearance 95 be idle: act mad; cf. n. 98 chameleon's dish; cf. n. 101 have nothing with: can make nothing of Prince of Denmark, III, ii 76 Ham. No, nor mine now. [To Polonius.'] My lord, you played once i' the university, you say ? 105 Pol. That did I, my lord, and was accounted a good actor. Ham. And what did you enact? 108 Pol. I did enact Julius Caesar: I was killed i' the Capitol; Brutus killed me. Ham. It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf there. Be the players ready ? 112 Ros. Ay, my lord; they stay upon your patience. Queen. Come hither, my good Hamlet, sit by me. 116 Ham. No, good mother, here's metal more attractive. Pol. [To the King.] O ho ! do you mark that? Ham. Lady, shall I lie in your lap ? 120 [Lying down at Ophelia's feet.] Oph. No, my lord. Ham. I mean, my head upon your lap? Oph. Ay, my lord. Ham. Do you think I meant country matters? Oph. I think nothing, my lord. i C<>^' 125 Ham. That's a fair thought to lie between . maids' legs. '^^Ut Oph. What is, my lord? 128 Ham. Nothing. V Oph. You are merry, my lord. Ham. Who, I ? Oph. Ay, my lord. 132 Ham. O God, your only jig-maker. What 109 Julius Caesar; c/. «. 110 Capitol; c/. m. Ill part: action 113 stay upon: wait for 114 ii^tienc&: permission 117 metal: material 76 The Tragedy of Hamlet, should a man do but be merry? for, look you, how cheerfully my mother looks, and my father died within's two hours. 136 Oph. Nay, 'tis twice two months, my lord. Ham. So long? Nay, then, let the devil wear black, for I'll have a suit of sables. O heavens ! die two months ago, and not forgotten yet? Then there's hope a great man's memory may outlive his life half a year ; but, by 'r lady, he must build churches then, or else shall he suffer not thinking on, with the hobby-horse, whose epitaph is, 'For, O ! for, O ! the hobby-horse is forgot.' 146 Hautboys play. The dumb-show enters. Enter a King and a Queen, very lovingly j the Queen embracing him, and he her. She kneels, and makes show of protestation unto him. He takes her up, and declines his head upon her neck; lays him down upon a bank of flowers: she, seeing him asleep, leaves him. Anon comes in a fellow, takes off his crown, kisses it, and pours poison in the King's ears, and exit. The Queen returns, finds the King dead, and makes passionate action. The Poisoner, with some two or three Mutes, comes in again, seeming to lament with her. The dead body is carried away. The Poisoner wooes the Queen with gifts; she seems loath and un- willing awhile, but in the end accepts his love. Exeunt. Oph. What means this, my lord? 139 suit of sables: suit of rich fur 143 suffer not thinking on: be forgotten 144 hobby-horse: one of the participants in the morris dance; cf. n. S. d. Hautboys: zvooden double-reed instruments of high pitch S. d. The dumb-show enters; cf. n. S. d. Mutes: actors without speaking parts -■Hf- ' — ij Prince of Denmark, III. ii 77 Ham. Marry, this is miching mallecho; it means mischief. 149 Oph. Belike this show imports the argument of the play. Enter Prologue. Ham. We shall know by this fellow: the players cannot keep counsel ; they'll tell all. 153 Oph. Will he tell us what this show meant? Ham. Aj, or any show that you'll show him; be not you ashamed to show, he'll not shame to tell you what it means. 157 ■ Oph. You are naught, you are naught. I'll mark the play. Pro. For us and for our tragedy, 160 Here stooping to your clemency. We beg your hearing patiently. Ham. Is this a prologue, or the posy of a ring.^ 'Y,^ 164 Oph. 'Tis brief, my lord. Ham. As woman's love. Enter [two Players as] King and his Queen. [P.] King. Full thirty times hath Phoebus^ cart gone round f^ (i 167 Neptune's salt wash and Tellus' orbed ground. And thirty dozen moons with borrow' d sheen About the world have times twelve thirties been. Since love our hearts and Hymen did our hands Unite commutual in most sacred bands. 172 148 miching mallecho: skulking mischief; cf. n. ISO im-poris: indicates 153 connsti: secret 158 naught: wanton 161 stooping: bowing 163 ^osy: motto, short verse 167 cart: chariot 168 wash: sea Tellus'; c/. n. 169 horrovf'd sheen: reflected light 172 commutual: an intensive form of 'mutual' 78 The T ragedy of Hamlet, [P.] Queen. So many journeys may the sun and moon Make us again count o'er ere love be done! But, woe is me! you are so sick of late, 175 So far from cheer and from your former state, That I distrust you. Yet, though I distrust. Discomfort you, my lord, it nothing must; For women's fear and love holds quantity. In neither aught, or in extremity. 180 Now, what my love is, proof hath made you know; And as my love is siz'd, my fear is so. [Where love is great, the littlest doubts are fear; Where little fears grow great, great love grows there.^ 184 [P.] King. Faith, I must leave thee, love, and shortly too; My operant powers their functions leave to do: And thou shalt live in this fair world behind. Honoured, belov'd; and haply one as kind 188 For husband shalt thou — [P.] Queen. 0! confound the rest; Such love must needs be treason in my breast: In second husband let me be accurst; None wed the second but who kilVd the first. 192 Ham. \_Aside.^ Wormwood, wormwood. [P.] Queen. The instances that second marriage move. Are base respects of thrift, but none of love; A second time I kill my husband dead, 196 When second husband kisses me in bed. 177 I distrust you : 7 have misgivings on your account 179 (\\ian\.ity: proportion 180 In . . . extremity: in either no feeling or the very deepest 186 operant: active 194 instances: motives, inducements move: suggest Prince of Denmark j III, ii 79 [P.] King. I do believe you think what now you speak; But what we do determine oft we break. Purpose is but the slave to memory, 200 Of violent birth, but poor validity; Which now, like fruit unripe, sticks on the tree. But fall unshaken when they mellow be. Most necessary 'tis that we forget 204 To pay ourselves what to ourselves is debt; What to ourselves in passion we propose. The passion ending, doth the purpose lose. The violence of either grief or joy 208 Their own enactures with themselves destroy; Where joy most revels grief doth most lament. Grief joys, joy grieves, on slender accident. This world is not for aye, nor 'tis not strange^. That even our loves should with our ^Jortunes change; 213^ For "'tis a question left us yet to prove Whether love lead fortune or else fortune love. The great man down, you mark his favourite flies; 216 The poor advanced makes friends of enemies. And hitherto doth love on fortune tend, ■■) /CTN For who not needs shall never lack a friend;\ \^^^ And who in want a hollow friend doth try 220 Directly seasons him his enemy. But, orderly to end where I begun, I Our wills and fates do so contrary run "\ That our devices still are overthrown, • 224 ^^'L^A^?^M*„^r^„0Mr5;,./A^ir erids none of ourownj So think thou wilt no second husband wed; ^^ But die thy thoughts when thy first lord is dead. 201 validity: strength 209 enactures: fulfilments 220 hoWow: insincere 225 ends: results 80 The Tragedy of Hamlet, [P.] Queen. Nor earth to me give food, nor heaven light! 228 Sport and repose loch from me day and night! \To desperation turn my trust and hope! An anchor's cheer in prison he my scope!^ Each opposite that blanks the face of joy 232 Meet what I would have well, and it destroy! Both here and hence pursue me lasting strife. If, once a widow, ever I he wife! Ham. If she should break it now ! 236 [P.] King. 'Tis deeply sworn. Sweet, leave me here awhile; My spirits grow dull, and fain I would heguile The tedious day with sleep. (Sleeps.) [P.] Queen. Sleep rocJc thy brain; And never come mischance between us twain! Exit. Ham. Madam, how like you this play ? 241 Queen. The lady doth protest too much, me- thinks. Ham. O ! but she'll keep her word. 244 King. Have you heard the argument? Is there no offence in 't ? Ham. No, no, they do but j est, poison in j est ; no offence i' the world. 248 King. What do you call the play? Ham. The Mouse-trap. Marry, how? Tro- pically. This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna: Gonzago is the duke's name; his wife, Baptista. You shall see anon; 'tis a knavish piece of work: but what of that? your majesty and we that have free souls, it touches 229 Sport: pleasure; cf. n. 231 anchor's: anchorite's 232 opposite: contrary ; y Nature is fine in love, and where 'tis fine ' 160 It sends some precious instance of itself After the; thing it loves. Oph. "They bore him barefac'd on the bier; Hey non nonny, nonny, hey nonny ; 164 And in his grave rain'd many a tear ; — " Fare you well, my dove! Laer. Hadst thou thy wits, and didst persuade revenge. It could not move thus. 168 Oph. "You must sing, a-down a-down. And you call him a-down-a." O how the wheel becomes it ! It is the false steward that stole his master's daughter. 172 Laer. This nothing's more than matter. Oph. There's rosemary, that's for remem- brance; pray, love, remember: and there is pansies, that's for thoughts. 176 149 sensibly: /^^/in£7/3; 160 fine: delicate, subtle 161 instance: illustrative example 164 Hey non nonny; cf. n. 171 wheel; cf. n. false steward; cf. n. 174 rosemary; cf. n. 176 pansies; cf. n. 116 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Laer. A document in madness, thoughts and remembrance fitted. Oph. There's fennel for you, and columbines; there's rue for you; and here's some for me; we may call it herb of grace o' Sundays. O ! you must wear your rue with a difference. There's a daisy; I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died. They say he made a good end, — 185 "For bonny sweet Robin is all my joy." Laer. Thought and affliction, passion, hell itself. She turns to favour and to prettiness. 188 Oph. "And will he not come again? And will he not come again? No, no, he is dead; Go to thy death-bed, 192 He never will come again. His beard was as white as snow All flaxen was his poll, - p^^^ He is gone, he is gone, 196 And we cast away moan : God ha' mercy on his soul !" And of all Christian souls ! I pray God. God be wi' ye! Exit Ophelia. Laer. Do you see this, O God? 201 King. Laertes, I must common with your grief, Or you deny me right. Go but apart. Make choice of whom your wisest friends you will, 204 177 document: lesson 179 ienncl: emblem of flattery columhines: emblems of thanklessness 180 rue: emblem of repentance; cf. n. 182 difference; cf. n. 183 daisy: emblem of dissemblers violets: emblems of faithfulness 186 For . . . joy; cf. n. 187 i>Asiio-a: suffering 188 favour: charm 189 And . . . again; cf. n. 195 poll: head 197 cast away, shipwrecked 202 common: share 203 right: equitable treatmetit Prince of Denmark, IV. vi ii7 And they shall hear and judge 'twixt you and me. If by direct or by collateral hand They find us touch'd, we will our kingdom give. Our crown, our life, and all that we call ours, 208 To you in satisfaction; but if not. Be you content to lend your patience to us, And we shall jointly labour with your soul To give it due content. Laer. Let this be so: 212 His means of death, his obscure burial. No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones. No noble rite nor formal ostentation, Cry to be heard, as 'twere from heaven to earth. That I must call 't in question. King. So you shall ; 217 And where the offence is let the great axe fall. I pray you go with me. Exeunt. Scene Six [Another Room in the Castle] Enter Horatio with an Attendant. Hor. What are they that would speak with me? Atten. Sailors, sir: they say, they have letters for you. Hor. Let them come in. \Exit Attendant.] I do not know from what part of the world 4 I should be greeted, if not from Lord Hamlet. Enter Sailor. Sail. God bless you, sir. 206 collateral: indirect 207 touch'd: implicated 213 means: manner obscure: lowly, mean 214 trophy: emblem, or, memorial over a grave hatchment: tablet displaying armorial bearings 215 ostentation: funeral ceremony 217 call 't in question: demand an explanation 1 1 8 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Hor. Let him bless thee too. Sail. He shall, sir, an 't please him. There's a letter for you, sir; — it comes from the am- bassador that was bound for England; — if your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. 12 Reads the letter. Hor. "Horatio, when thou shalt have over- looked this, give these fellows some means to the king: they have letters for him. Ere we were two days old at sea, a pirate of very war-like appointment gave us chase. Finding ourselves too slow of sail, we put on a compelled valour; in the grapple I boarded them: on the instant they got clear of our ship, so I alone became their prisoner. They have dealt with me like thieves of mercy, but they knew what they did; I am to do a good turn for them. Let the king have the letters I have sent; and repair thou to me with as much haste as thou wouldst fly death. I have words to speak in thine ear will make thee dumb; yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. These good fellows will bring thee where I am. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern hold their course for England: of them I have much to tell thee. Farewell. He that thou knowest thine, 32 Hamlet." Come, I will give you way for these your letters ; And do 't the speedier, that you may direct me To him from whom you brought them. Exeunt. 13 overlooked: perused 17 appointment: equipment 24 repair: come 28 bore: literally, calibre, hence importance 34 way: passage Prince of Denmark , IV, vii ii9 Scene Seven \^A Room in the Castle'\ Enter King and Laertes. King. Now must your conscience my acquittance seal. And you must put me in your heart for friend, Sith you have heard, and with a knowing ear. That he which hath your noble father slain 4 Pursu'd my life. Laer. It well appears: but tell me Why you proceeded not against these feats. So crimeful and so capital in nature. As by your safety, wisdom, all things else, 8 You mainly were stirr'd up. King. O ! for two special reasons ; " Which may to you, perhaps, seem much unsinew'd. But yet to me they are strong. The queen his mother Lives almost by his looks, and for myself, — 12 My virtue or my plague, be it either which, — She's so conjunctive to my life and soul,. That, as the star moves not but in his sphere, I could not but by her. The other motive, 16 Why to a public count I might not go. Is the great love the general, gender bear him; Who, dipping all his faults in their affection. Would, like the spring that turneth wood to stone, 20 Convert his gyves to graces ; so that my arrows, Too slightly timber'd for so loud a wind, 3 knowing: intelligent, or, convinced 5 Pursu'd: sought 7 capital: punishable by death 10 unsinew'd: w^ofe 14 conjunctive: closely united 17 count: legal indictment 18 general gender: common people 20 spring; c/. n. 21 gyves: leg-irons; cf. n^ 22 slightly timber'd: of too light a wood 120 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Would have reverted to my bow again^ And not where I had aim'd them. 24 Laer. And so have I a noble father lost; A sister driven into desperate terms, Whose worth, if praises may go back again. Stood challenger on mount of all the age 28 For her perfections. But my revenge will come. King. Break not your sleeps for that; you must not think That we are made of stuff so flat and dull That we can let our beard be shook with danger And think it pastime. You shortly shall hear more ; 33 I lov'd your father, and we love our self, And that, I hope, will teach you to imagine, — Enter a Messenger. How now ! what news ? Mess. Letters, my lord, from Hamlet: This to your majesty; this to the queen. 37 King. From Hamlet ! who brought them ? Mess. Sailors, my lord, they say; I saw them not: They were given me by Claudio, he receiv'd them 40 [Of him that brought them.] King, Laertes, you shall hear them. Leave us. Ea^it Messenger. "High and mighty, you shall know I am set naked on your kingdom. To-morrow shall I beg leave to see your kingly eyes; when I shall, first asking your pardon thereunto, recount the occasions of mv sudden and more strange re- turn. Hamlet." 23 reverted: returned; cf. n. 27 praises . . . again; cf. n. 28 challenger on mount; cf. n. 40 Claudio; cf. n. 44 naked: without resources Prince of Denmark^ IV, vii 121 What should this mean? Are all the rest come back ? 49 Or is it some abuse and no such thing? Laer. Know you the hand? King. 'Tis Hamlet's character. 'Naked/ And in a postscript here, he says, 'alone.' 52 Can you advise me? Laer. I'm lost in it, my lord. But let him come: It warms the very sickness in my heart, That I shall live and tell him to his teeth. Thus didst thou.' King. If it be so, Laertes, As how should it be so? how otherwise? Will you be rul'd by me? Laer. Ay, my lord; So you willjnot o'er-rule me to a peace. 60 King. To thine own peace. If he be now return'd. As checking at his voyage, and that he means No more to undertake it, I will work him To an exploit, now ripe in my device, 64 Under the which he shall not choose but fall; And for his death no wind of blame shall breathe. But even his mother shall uncharge the practice And call it accident. [Laer. My lord, I will be rul'd; 68 The rather, if you could devise it so — That I might be the organ. King. It falls right. You have been talk'd of since your travel much, And that in Hamlet's hearing, for a quality 72 Wherein, they say, you shine; your sum of parts 50 abuse: imposture 51 character: handwriting 62 checking: stopping short 67 uncharge: acquit of guilt practice; stratagem 70 organ: instrument falls: happens 122 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Did not together pluck such envy from him As did that one, and that, in my regard, Of the unworthiest siege. Laer. What part is that, my lord ? 76 King. A very riband in the cap of youth, Yet needful too; for youth no less becomes The light and careless livery that it wears Than settled age his sables and his weeds, 80 Importing health and graveness.] Two months since Here was a gentleman of Normandy. I've seen myself, and serv'd against the French, And they can well on horseback ; but this gallant 84 Had witchcraft in 't, he grew unto his seat. And to such wondrous doing brought his horse. As he had been incorps'd and demi-natur'd With the brave beast ; so far he topp'd my thought, 88 That I, in forgery of shapes and tricks. Come short of what he did. Laer. A Norman was 't ? King. A Norman. Laer, Upon my life, Lamond. King. The very same. 92 Laer. I know him well; he is the brooch indeed And gem of all the nation. King. He made confession of you. And gave you such a masterly report 96 For art and exercise in your defence. And for your rapier most especially, That he cried out, 'twould be a sight indeed 76 siege: rank; cf. n. part: attribute 77 riband: rtt&on 79 Mvery: garb 80 vfeeds: garments 81 health: prosperity 84 can well: are skilled 87 incorps'd and demi-natur'd; cf. n. 88 topp'd: surpassed 89 in . . . tricks; cf. n. 95 confession: report 96 masterly report; c/. n. 97 art and exercise: skilful exercise defence: science of defence Prince of Denmark^ IV. vii . 123 If one could match you; [the scrimers of their nation, lOO He swore, had neither motion, guard, nor eye. If you oppos'd them.] Sir, this report of his Did Hamlet so envenom with his envy That he could nothing do but wish and beg 104 Your sudden coming o'er, to play with him. Now, out of this, — Laer. What out of this, my lord? King. Laertes, was your father dear to you ? Or are you like the painting of a sorrow, 108 A face without a heart ? Laer. Why ask you this? King. Not that I think you did not love your father. But that I know love is begun by time. And that I see, in passages of proof, 112 Time qualifies the spark and fire of it. [There lives within the very flame of love A kind of wick or snuff that will abate it. And nothing is at a like goodness still, 116 For goodness, growing to a plurisy. Dies in his own too-much. That we would do. We should do when ~we would, for this 'would' changes. And hath abatements and delays as many 120 As there are tongues, are hands, are accidents; And then this 'should' is like a spendthrift sigh. That hurts by easing. But, to the quick o' the ulcer;] Hamlet comes back; what would you undertake To show yourself your father's son in deed 125 More than in words ? Laer. To cut his throat i' the church. 100 scrimers: /en cer J 105 p\a.y: fence 112 passages of proof; cf. n. 117 plurisy: fulness; cf. n. 120 absLtements: diminutions 122 spendthrift sigh; c/. n. 124 The Tragedy of Hamlet, King. No place, indeed, should murder sanctuarize ; Revenge should have no bounds. But, good Laertes, 128 Will you do this, keep close within your chamber. Hamlet return'd shall know you are come home; We'll put on those shall praise your excellence. And set a double varnish on the fame 132 The Frenchman gave you, bring you, in fine, together. And wager on your heads : he, being remiss, Most generous and free from all contriving. Will not peruse the foils ; so that, with ease 136 Or with a little shuffling, you may choose A sword unbated, and, in a pass of practice Requite him for your father. Laer. I will do 't; And, for that purpose. 111 anoint my sword. 140 I bought an unction of a mountebank. So mortal that, but dip a knife in it. Where it draws blood no cataplasm so rare. Collected from all simples that have virtue 144 Under the moon, can save the thing from death That is but scratch'd withal; I'll touch my point With this contagion, that, if I gall him slightly. It may be death. King. Let's further think of this ; 148 Weigh what convenience both of time and means May fit us to our shape. If this should fail. And that our drift look through our bad perform- ance 151 'Twere better not assay'd; therefore this project Should have a back or second, that might hold, 131 ^ut on: instigate 136 ptrnst: inspect 138 unbated: not blunted pass of practice; cf. n. 140 anoint: smear 141 mountebank; cf. n. 143 cataplasm: poultice 144 simples: medicinal herbs 145 moon; cf. n. 150 our shape: part we purpose to act Prince of Denmark, IV, vii 125 If this should blast in proof. Soft! let me see; We'll make a solemn wager on your cunnings: I ha 't: 156 When in your motion you are hot and dry, — As make your bouts more violent to that end, — And that he calls for drink, I'll have prepar'd him A chalice for the nonce, whereon but sipping, If he by chance escape your venom'd stuck, 161 Our purpose may hold there. [But stay ! what noise?] Enter Queen. How now, sweet queen ! Queen. One woe doth tread upon^another's heel, 164 So fast they follow: your sister's drown'd, Laertes. Laer. Drown'd ! O, where ? Queen. There is a willow grows aslant a brook. That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream; There with fantastic garlands did she come, 169 Of crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples. That liberal shepherds give a grosser name. But our cold maids do dead men's fingers call them : 172 There, on the pendent boughs her coronet weeds , Clambering to hang, an envious sliver broke. When down her weedy trophies and herself Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, 176 And, mermaid-like, awhile they bore her up; Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes, As one incapable of her own distress, 154 blast in proof: burst when tested 155 cunnings: skill; cf. n. 157 motion: bodily exertion 160 for the nonce: for the purpose 161 stuck', thrust 168 hoar: greyish-white 170 crow-flowers: buttercups; cf. n. long purples: early purple orchids 171 \iheral: licentious 173 coronet: fircr/ond^d 175 -weedy : of plants 179 incapable: having no understanding 126 The Tragedy of Hamlet ^ Or like a creature native and indu'd 180 Unto that element ; but long it could not be Till that her garments, heavy with their drink, Pull'd the poor wretch from her melodious lay To muddy death. Laer. Alas ! then, she is drown'd? 184 Queen. Drown'd, drown'd. Laer. Too much of water hast thou, poor Ophelia, And therefore I forbid my tears ; but yet It is our trick, nature her custom holds, 188 Let shame say what it will ; when these are gone The woman will be out. Adieu, my lord ! I have a speech of fire, that fain would blaze. But that this folly douts it. " ' " Exit. King. Let*s follow, Gertrude. How much I had to do to calm his rage ! 193 Now fear I this will give it start again; Therefore let's follow. Exeunt. ACT FIFTH Scene One \_A Churchyard'\ Enter two Clowns. [First] Clo. Is she to be buried in Christian burial that wilfully seeks her own salvation.'' Other. I tell thee she is; and therefore make her grave straight: the crowner hath sat on her, and finds it Christian burial. 5 180 indu'd: endowed with qualities fitting her 188 trick: custom 190 woman; c/. M. 192 douts: puts out, extinguishes S- d. Clowns: low comedians, or, peasants; cf. n. 4 crowner: coroner sat on: passed on Prince of Denmark, V, i 127 [First] Clo. How can that be, unless she drowned herself in her own defence? Other, Why, 'tis found so. 8 [Firsf] Clo. It must be se offendendo; it can- not be else. For here lies the point: if I drown myself wittingly it argues an act; and an act hath three branches; it is, to act, to do, and to perform: argal, she drowned herself wittingly. Other. Nay, but hear you, goodman delver, — 15 [First] Clo. Give me leave. Here lies the water; good: here stands the man; good: if the man go to this water, and drown himself, it is, will he, nill he, he goes; mark you that? but if the water come to him, and drown him, he drowns not himself: argal, he that is not guilty of his own death shortens not his own life. 22 Other. But is this law? [First] Clo. Ay, marry, is 't; crowner's quest law. 25 Other. Will you ha' the truth on 't? If this had not been a gentlewoman she should have been buried out o' Christian burial. 28 [First] Clo. Why, there thou sayest; and the more pity that great folk should have counte- nance in this world to drown or hang them- selves more than their even Christian. Come, my spade. There is no ancient gentlemen but gardeners, ditchers, and grave-makers; they hold up Adam's profession. 35 Other. Was he a gentleman? [First] Clo. A' was the first that ever bore arms. 9 se offendendo; cf. n. 12 branches: divisions [of learning] 13 argal: corruption of ergo, therefore 15 delver: digger 24 quest: inquest 32 even: fellow 37 bore arms; cf. n. 128 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Other. Why, he had none. 39 {^First^ Clo. What! art a heathen? How dost thou understand the Scripture? The Scripture says, Adam digged; could he dig without arms? I'll put another question to thee; if thou an- swerest me not to the purpose, confess thyself — Other. Go to. 45 [First] Clo. What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter ? Other. The gallows-maker; for that frame outlives a thousand tenants. 50 [First] Clo. I like thy wit well, in good faith; the gallows does well, but how does it well? it does well to those that do ill; now thou dost ill to say the gallows is built stronger than the church: argal, the gallows may do well to thee. To 't again ; come. Other. Who builds stronger than a mason, a shipwright, or a carpenter? 58 [First] Clo. Ay, tell me that, and unyoke. Other. Marry, now I can tell. [First] Clo. To 't. Other. Mass, I cannot tell. 62 Enter Hamlet and Horatio afar off. [First] Clo. Cudgel thy brains no more about it, for your dull ass will not mend his pace with beating; and, when you are asked this question next, say, 'a grave-maker:' the houses that he makes last till doomsday. Go, get thee to Yaughan; fetch me a stoup of liquor. i ''''^[[Ejnit other Clown.] 44 confess thyself; cf. n. 59 unyoke; cf. n. 68 Yaughan; cf. n. stoup: two quart measure Prince of De7imark, V. i 129 l^First Clown digs, and] sings. "In youth, when I did love, did love, Methought it was very sweet, 70 To contract, O ! the time, f or-a my behove, O ! methought there was nothing meet." Ham. Has this fellow no feeling of his busi- ness, that he sings at grave-making? 74 Hor. Custom hath made it in him a property of easiness. Ham. 'Tis e'en so; the hand of little employ- ment hath the daintier sense. 78 Clown sings. "But age, with his stealing steps. Hath claw'd me in his clutch. And hath shipped me intil the land. As if I had never been such." 82 [Throws up a skull.] Ham. That skull had a tongue in it, and could sing once; how the knave jowls it to the ground, as if it were Cain's jaw-bone, that did the first murder ! This might be the pate of a politician, which this ass now o'er-offices, one that would circumvent God, might it not? 88 Hor. It might, my lord. Ham. Or of a courtier, which could say, 'Good morrow, sweet lord! How dost thou, good lord?' This might be my Lord Such-a- one, that praised my Lord Such-a-one's horse, when he meant to beg it, might it not ? 94 Hor. Ay, my lord. 69 In . . . love; cf. n. 71 hthoxe: benefit 75 property of easiness; cf. n. 81 intil: into 84 jowls: dashes 87 o'er-offices: exercises his oMce over 130 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Ham. Why, e'en so, and now my Lady Worm's; chapless, and knocked about the maz- zard with a sexton's spade. Here's fine revo- lution, an we had the trick to see 't. Did these bones cost no more the breeding but to play at loggats with 'em? mine ache to think on 't. Clown sings. "A pick-axe, and a spade, a spade, 102 For and a shrouding sheet; O ! a pit of clay for to be made For such a guest is meet." [^Throws up another sJcull.'\ Ham. There's another; why may not that be the skull of a lawyer? Where be his quiddities now, his quillets, his cases, his tenures, and his tricks? why does he suffer this rude knave now to knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel, and will not tell him of his action of battery ? Hum ! This fellow might be in 's time a great buyer of land, with his statutes, his re- cognizances, his fines, his double vouchers, his recoveries; is this the fine of his fines, and the recovery of his recoveries, to have his fine pate full of fine dirt? will his vouchers vouch him no more of his purchases, and double ones too, than the length and breadth of a pair of inden- tures? The very conveyance of his lands will hardly lie in this box, and must the inheritor himself have no more, ha ? 122 97 chapless: lacking the lower jaw mazzard: head 101 loggats; cf. n. 107 quiddities: subtleties 108 c\\i^\&ts: minute distinctions tenures; c/. n. 110 sconce: head 111 action of battery; cf. n. 113 statutes; c/. n. recognizances; c/. n. 115 fines; cf. n. vouchers; cf. n. 116 recoveries; cf. n. fine: end 119 indentures: mutual agreements 120 conveyance; cf. n. Prince of Denmark, V,i 131 Hor. Not a jot more, my lord. Ham. Is not parchment made of sheep-skins? Hor. Aj, my lord, and of calf-skins, too. 125 Ham. They are sheep and calves which seek out assurance in that. I will speak to this fel- low. Whose grave 's this, sir? [First] Clo. Mine, sir, "O ! a pit of clay for to be made 130 For such a guest is meet." Ham. I think it be thine, indeed; for thou liest in 't. [First] Clo. You lie out on 't, sir, and there- fore it is not yours ; for my part, I do not lie in 't, and yet it is mine. 136 Ham. Thou dost lie in 't, to be in 't and say it is thine: 'tis for the dead, not for the quick; therefore thou liest. [First] Clo. 'T'ls a quick lie, sir; 'twill away again, from me to you. Ham. What man dost thou dig it for? 142 [First] Clo. For no man, sir. Ham. What woman, then? [First] Clo. For none, neither. Ham. Who is to be buried in 't? 146 [First] Clo. One that was a woman, sir; but rest her soul, she's dead. Ham. How absolute the knave is ! we must speak by the card, or equivocation will undo us. By the Lord, Horatio, these three years I have taken note of it; the age is grown so picked that the toe of the peasant comes so near the 127 assurance: security; cf. n. 149 absolute: precise ISO by the card: with precision; cf. n. 152 picked: fastidious V 132 The Tragedy of Hamlet, heel of the courtier, he galls his kibe. How long hast thou been a grave-maker? 155 \^First'] Clo. Of all the days i' the year, I came to 't that day that our last King Hamlet over- came Fortinbras. 158 Ham. How long is that since? [First] Clo. Cannot you tell that? every fool can tell that; it was the very day that young Hamlet was born; he that is mad, and sent into England. 163 Ham. Ay, marry; why was he sent into England? [Firsi] Clo. Why, because he was mad: he shall recover his wits there; or, if he do not, 'tis no great matter there. 168 Ham. Why? [First] Clo. 'Twill not be seen in him_tb£xe4^ there the men are as mad as he. 171 Ham. How came he mad? [First] Clo. Very strangely, they say. Ham. How strangely? 174 [First] Clo. Faith, e'en with losing his wits. Ham. Upon what ground? [First] Clo. \^Tiy, here in Denmark; .1 have been sexton here, man and boy, thirty years. 178 Ham. How long will a man lie i' the earth ere he rot? [First] Clo: Faith, if he be not rotten before he die, — as we have many pocky corses now-a- days, that will scarce hold the laying in, — ^he will last you some eight year or nine year; a tanner will last you nine year. Ham. Why he more than another? 186 154 kibe: chilblain 182 pocky: diseased Prince q^ Denmark, V.i 133 [^Firsf] Clo. Why, sir, his hide is so tanned with his trade that he will keep out water a great while, and your water is a sore decayer of your whoreson dead body. Here's a skull now; this skull hath lain you i' the earth three-and-twenty years. 192 Ham. Whose was it? [First'\ Clo. A whoreson mad fellow's it was: whose do you think it was.^* Ham. Nay, I know not. 196 l^First^ Clo. A pestilence on him for a mad rogue ! a' poured a flagon of Rhenish on my head once. This same skull, sir, was Yorick's skull, the king's jester. Ham. This! [First] Clo. E'en that. 202 Ham. Let me see.— [Takes the skull.'] — Alas! poor Yorick. I knew him, Horatio; a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy; he hath borne me on his back a thousand times; and now, how abhorred in my imagination it is ! my gorge rises at it. Here hung those lips that I have kissed I know not how oft. Where be your gibes now? your gambols? your songs? your flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table on a roar? Not one now, to mock your own grinning? quite chapf alien? Now get you to my lady's chamber, and tell her, let her paint an inch thick, to this favour she must come; make her laugh at that. Prithee, Horatio, tell me one thing. Hor. What's that, my lord? 218 189 sore: grievous 190 whoreson : /'/o^w^d 215 ia.your: appearance 131 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Ham. Dost thou think Alexander looked o' this fashion i' tlie earth ? II or. K'cn so. Ham. And smelt so? pali ! 222 [Puts down the skull.l Hor. E'en so, my lord. II am. To what base uses we may return, Horatio ! Why may not imagination trace the noble dust of Alexander, till he find it stopj)ing a bung-hole? 'I'll Hor. 'Twere to consider too curiously, to con- sider so. Ham. No, faith, not a jot; but to follow liim thither with modesty enough, and likelihood to lead it; as thus: Alexand^ died, Alexander was buried, Alexander returneth into dust; the dust is earth ; of earth we make loam, and why of that loam, whereto he was converted, might they not stop a beer-barrel? "Imperial Ceesar, dead and turn'd to clay. Might stop a hole to keep the wind away: 238 O ! that that earth, which kept the world in awe. Should patch a wall to expel the winter's flaw." But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king. Enter King, Queen, Laertes, [a Priest,] and a Coffin, with Lords attendant. The queen, the courtiers: wlio is that thev follow? 242 , - And with such maimed rites? This doth betoken The corse they follow did with desperate hand Fordo it own life; 'twas of some estate. 228 cuTxousXy: minutely 231 \ikc\ihooA: probability 240 Aaw: squall of wind 245 estate: ronjfe Prince of Denmark , V, i 185 Couch we awhile, and mark. 246 [Retiring with Horatio.] Laer, What ceremony else? Ham. That is Laertes, A very noble youtli: m.-irk. Laer. What ceremony else? Priest. Her obsequies have been as far enlarg'd 250 As we have warrantisc: licr death was doubtful, And, but tliat great command o'crsways the order. She should in ground unsanclified have lodg'd Till the last trumpet; for charitable prayers, 254 Shards, flints, and pebbles should be thrown on her; Yet here she is allow'd her virgin erants. Her maiden strewments, and the bringing home Of bell and burial. 258 Laer. Must there no more be done? Priest. No more be done: We should profane the service of the dead, To sing a requiem, and such rest to her As to peace-parted souls. Laer. Lay her i' the earth ; 262 And from her fair and unpolluted flesh May violets spring! I tell thee, churlish priest, A ministering angel shall my sister be. When thou liest howling. Ham. Wliat! the fair Ophelia? 206 Queen. Sweets to the sweet: farewell! ~ [Scattering flowers.] I hop'd thou shouldst have been my Hamlet's wife; I thought thy bride-bed to have deek'd, sweet maid. And not have strew'd thy grave. 250 enlarg'd: extended "' 251 warrantisc: warrant Aou])\.iu\: suspicious 255 iihards: frafjments of pottery 256 crsLnia: garlands; cf. n. 257 strewments: flowers strevm on a grave 262 peace-parted: departed in peace 136 The Tragedy of H amlet, Laer. O ! treble woe 270 Fall ten times treble on that cursed head Whose wicked deed thy most ingenious sense Depriv'd thee of. Hold off the earth awhile. Till I have caught her once more in mine arms. Leaps into the grave^ Now pile your dust upon the quick and dead, Till of this flat a mountain you have made, 276 To o'er-top old Pelion or the skyish head Of blue Olympus. Ham. [Advancing.] What is he whose grief Bears such an emphasis } whose phrase of sorrow 279 Conjures the wandering stars, and makes them stand Like wonder-wounded hearers ? this is I, Hamlet the Dane. [Leaps into the grave.] Laer. The devil take thy soul ! 282 [Grapples with him.] Ham. Thou pray'st not well. I prithee, take thy fingers from my throat; For though I am not splenetive and rash Yet have I in me something dangerous, 286 Which let thy wisdom fear. Away thy hand ! King. Pluck them asunder. Queen. Hamlet ! Hamlet ! All. Gentlemen, — Hor. Good my lord, be quiet. [The Attendants part them, and they come out of the grave.] Ham. Why, I will fight with him upon this theme 290 Until my eyelids will no longer wag. Queen. O my son! what theme? 272 ingenious: delicately sensitive 277 Pelion; c/. «. 280 wandering stars: planets 285 splenetive: gutck-tempered r Prince of Denmark, V, i 137 Ham. Islov'd Ophelia: forty thousajad brothers Could not, with all their quantity of love, 294 Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her ? King. O ! he is mad, Laertes. Queen. For love of God, forbear him. Ham. 'Swounds, show me what thou'lt do: Woo't weep.'' woo't fight? [woo't fast?] woo't tear thyself? 299 Woo't drink up eisel ? eat a crocodile ? I'll do 't. Dost thou come here to whine? To outface me with leaping in her grave ? 302 Be buried quick with her, and so will I : And, if thou prate of mountains, let them throw Millions of acres on us, till our ground, Singeing his pate against the burning zone, 306 Make Ossa like a wart ! Nay, an thou'lt mouth, I'll rant as well as thou. Queen. This is mere madness: And thus a while the fit will work on him; Anon, as patient as the female dove, 310 When that her golden couplets are disclos'd. His silence will sit drooping. Ham. Hear you, sir; What is the reason that you use me thus ? , I lov'd you eyeri but it is no matter; y/ ^^^ Let Hercules himself do what he may. The cat will mew and dog will have his day. Exit. King. I pray you, good Horatio, wait upon him. [Ea;it Horatio."] [To Laertes.] Strengthen your patience in our last night's speech; * V 318 297 iorhear: leave alone 299 Woo't: wilt thou 300 eisel: vinegar; cf. n. 306 burning zone: path of the sun 308 This . . . drooping; cf. n. 311 golden couplets; cf. n. 318 in: in the thought of 138 The Tragedy of Hamlet, We'll put the matter to the present push. Good Gertrude, set some watch over vour son. This grave shall have a living monument: An hour of quiet shortly shall we see; 322 Till then, in patience our proceeding be. Exeunt, Scene Two [^ Hall in the Castle] Enter Hamlet and Horatio. Ham. So much for this, sir: now shall you see the other; fi You do remember all the circumstance? Hor. Remember it, my lord.^* Ham. Sir, in my heart there was a kind of fighting 4 That would not let me sleep ; methought I lay Worse than the mutines in the bilboes. Rashly, — And prais'd be rashness for it, let us know. Our indiscretion sometimes serves us well 8 When our deep plots do pall; and that should teach us There's a divinity that shapes our ends. Rough-hew them ho w we will. Hor. That is most certain. Ham. Up from my cabin, 12 My sea-gown scarf'd about me, in the dark Grop'd I to find out them, had my desire, Finger'd their packet, and in fine withdrew To mine own room again; making so bold — 16 My fears forgetting manners — to unseal Their grand commission; where I found, Horatio, O royal knavery ! an exact command, 319 present push: immediate trial 321 living: lasting 6 mutines: mutineers bilboes: ^liocfe/^j 9 pall: /at/ 13 sea-gown ; c/. n. 15 Finger'd: pilfered Prince of Denmark j V, ii 139 Larded with many several sorts of reasons 20 Im^porting Denmark's health, and England's too. With, ho ! such bugs and goblins in my life, That, on 'the supervise, no leisure bated. No, not to stay the grinding of the axe, 24 My head should be struck off. Horr^"' *^ '■' ""- " ' ' ^"^-^ Is 't possible? Ham. Here's the commission: read it at more leisure. But wilt thou hear me how I did proceed? Hor. I beseech you. 28 Ham. Being thus be-netted round with villainies, — Ere I could make a prologue to my brains They had begun the play, — I sat me down, Devis'd a new commission, wrote it fair; 32 I once did hold it, as our statists do, A baseness to write fair, and labour'd much How to forget that learning; but, sir, now It did me yeoman's service. Wilt thou know 36 The effect of what I wrote? Hor. Ay, good my lord. Ham. An earnest conjuration from the king. As England was his faithful tributary. As love between them like the palm should flourish, 40 As peace should still her wheaten garland wear. And stand a comma 'tween their amities. And many such-like 'As'es of great charge. That, on the view and knowing of these contents, 44 Without debatement further, more or less. He should the bearers put to sudden death. Not shriving-time allow'd. 22 bugs . . . life; cf. n. 23 supervise: perusal bated: deducted 29 be-netted: ensnared 30 prologue . . . play; cf. n. 33 statists: j^of^jwen 36 yeoman's service: good and faithful service 41 wheaten garland: emblem of peace 42 comma: bond of connection; cf. n. 43 'As'es; cf. n. 47 shriving-time : time for absolution 140 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Hor. How was this seal'd? Ham. Why, even in that was heaven ordinant. 48 I had my father's signet in my purse, ,v ' I Which was the model of that Danish seal ; ' /f Folded the writ up in form of the other, Subscrib'd it, gave 't th' impression, plac'd it safely, 52 The changeling never known. Now, the next day Was our sea-fight, and what to this was sequent Thou know'st already. Hor. So Guildenstern and Rosencrantz go to 't. 56 Ham. Why, man, they did make love to this em- ployment ; They are not near my conscience ; their defeat Does by their own insinuation grow. ^''^-'•'^ 'Tis dangerous when the baser nature comes 60 Between the pass and fell-incensed points / " Of mighty opposites. Hor. Why, what a king is this ! Ham. Does it not, think'st thee, stand me now upon — He that hath kill'd my king and whor'd my mother, 64 Popp'd in between the election and my hopes. Thrown out his angle for my proper life, And with such cozenage — is 't not perfect conscience To quit him with this arm? and is 't not to be damn'd 68 To let this canker of our nature come In further evil? 48 ordinant: controlling 50 model: exact likeness 52 Suhscrih'd: signed, OT, addressed impression: i.e., of the seal 53 changeling: substitute 59 insinuation: artful intrusion 61 fell-incensed : crMving; indeed, to speak feelingly of him, he is the card or calendar of gentry, for you shall find in him the continent of what part a gentleman would see. 117 Ham. Sir, his definement suffers no perdition in you; though, I know, to divide him invento- rially would dizzy the arithmetic of memory, and yet but yaw neither, in respect of his quick sail. But, in the verity of extolment, I take him to be a soul of great article; and his infusion of such dearth and rareness, as, to make true diction of him, his semblable is his mirror; and who else would trace him, his umbrage, nothing more. 109 remember; cf. n. 110 mine ease; cf. n. 112 absolute: perfect 113 6.\^ertx\c&s: distinguishing features soit: gentle 115 card: directory 118 definement: description perditioir: loss 119 divide inventorially: catalogue 121 yaw: stagger; cf. n. neither: too 123 great article: large scope infusion: character imparted by nature 125 semblable: /i>e 126 trace: follow umbrage: shadow Prince of Denmark ^ V, ii 14.3 Osr. Your lordship speaks most infallibly of him. 128 Ham. The concernancy, sir? why do we wrap the gentleman in our more rawer breath? Osr. Sir? Hor. Is 't not possible to understand in an- other tongue? You will do 't, sir, really. 133 Ham. What imports the nomination of this gentleman ? Osr. Of Laertes ? 136 Hor. His purse is empty already; all 's golden words are spent. Ham. Of him, sir. Osr. I know you are not ignorant — 140 Ham. I would you did, sir; in faith, if you did, it would not much approve me. Well, sir.] Osr. You are not ignorant of what excellence Laertes is — [Ham. I dare not confess that, lest I should compare with him in excellence; but>-.to know a man well, were to know himself. 147 Osr. I mean, sir,] for his weapon; [but in the imputation laid on him by them, in his meed he's unfellowed.] Ham. What's his weapon? Osr. Rapier and dagger. 152 Ham. That's two of his weapons; but, well. Osr. The king, sir, hath wagered with him six Barbary horses; against the which he has im- poned, as I take it, six French rapiers and 129 concernancy: meaning 130 more rawer: too unskilled 132 another tongue ; cf. n. 134 nomination: naming 142 approve me: commend me 146 compare with: vie with 149 imputation: reputation meed: merit, worth 150 vmiellowed: without an equal 155 imponed: staked 144 The Tragedy of Hamlet, poniards, with their assigns, as girdle, hangers, and so: three of the carriages, in faith, are very dear to fancy, very responsive to the hilts, most delicate carriages, and of very liberal conceit. 160 Ham. What call you the carriages ? \^Hor. I knew you must be edified by the mar- gent, ere you had done.] Osr. The carriages, sir, are the hangers. 164 Ham. The phrase would be more german to the matter, if we could carry cannon by our sides ; I would it might be hangers till then. But, on; six Barbary horses against six French swords, their assigns, and three liberal-conceited carriages; that's the French bet against the Danish. Why is this 'imponed,' as you call it? Osr. The king sir, hath laid, that in a dozen passes between yourself and him, he shall not exceed you three hits; he hath laid on twelve for nine, and it would come to immediate trial, if your lordship would vouchsafe the answer. 176 Ham. How if I answer no ? Osr. I mean, my lord, the opposition of your person in trial. Ham. Sir, I will walk here in the hall; if it please his majesty, 'tis the breathing time of day with me; let the foils be brought; the gentleman willing, and the king hold his purpose, I will win for him an I can ; if not, I will gain nothing but my shame and the odd hits. 185 Osr. Shall I re-deliver you so? 157 assigns: appurtenances hangers: straps from which a sword is suspended 158 carriages: hangers 159 dtdv to idincy: unusual in design responsive: corresponding 160 delicate: finely wrought liberal conceit: tasteful design 162 margent: commentary 165 german: appropriate 174 twelve for nine; cf. n. 181 breathing time: exercise period Prince of Denmark^ V. ii i^s Ham. To this effect, sir; after what flourish ypur nature will. 188 Osr. I commend my duty to your lordship. Ham. Yours, yours. [Ea;it Osric] He does well to commend it himself; there are no tongues else for 's turn. 192 Hor. This lapwing runs away with the shell on his head. Ham. He did comply with his dug before he sucked it. Thus has he — and many more of the same bevy, that I know the drossy age dotes on — only got the tune of the time and outward habit of encounter, a kind of yesty collection which carries them through and through the most fond and winnowed opinions; and do but blow them to their trial, the bubbles are out. 202 [Enter a Lord. Lord. My lord, his majesty commended him to you by young Osric, who brings back to him, that you attend him in the hall; he sends to know if your pleasure hold to play with Laertes, or that you will take longer time. 207 Ham. I am constant to my purposes; they follow the king's pleasure: if his fitness speaks, mine is ready; now, or whensoever, provided I be so able as now. Lord. The king, and queen, and all are com- ing down. 213 Ham. In happy time. 193 lapwing: peewit; cf. n. 197 drossy: frivolous, or, composed of dross, unrefined 198 tune: temper, humor, mood 199 yesty: frothy 201 fond and winnowed; c/. n. 214 In happy time: at an appropriate time .»»»■> 14^6 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Lord. The queen desires you to use some gentle entertainment to Laertes before you fall to play. 217 Ham. She well instructs me.] [Exit Lord."] Hor, You will lose this wager, my lord. Ham, I do not think so; since he went into France, I have been in continual practice; I shall win at the odds. But thou wouldst not \ / think how ill all 's here about my heart: but it IS no matter. 224 Hor. Nay, good my lord, — V^' Ham. It ij. but foolery; but it is such a kind of gain-giving as would perhaps trouble a woman. 228 Hor. If your mind dislike any thing, obey it; ' I will forestall their repair hither, and say you are not fit. 231 Ham. Not a whit, we defy augury; there's a I ^ special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it ^ I ]\ be now, 'tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come: the readiness is all. Since no man has aught of what he leaves, what is 't to leave betimes? [Let be.] 238 Enter King, Queen, Laertes and Lords, with other Attendants with foils and gauntlets, a table and flagons of wine on it. King. Come, Hamlet, come, and take this hand from me. [The King puts the hand of Laertes into that of Hamlet.^ Ham. Give me your pardon, sir; I've done you wrong ; 227 gain-giving: misgiving i Prince of Denmark^ V. ii 1^7 But pardon/ 1^ as you are a gentleman. This presence knows, And you must needs have heard, how I am punish'd With sore distraction. What I have done, 244 That might your nature, honour and exception Roughly awake, I here proclaim was madness. Was 't Hamlet wrong'd Laertes } Never Hamlet : If Hamlet from himself be ta'en away, 248 And when he's not himself does wrong Laertes, Then Hamlet does it not; Hamlet denies it. Who does it then? His madness. If 't be so, Hamlet is of the faction that is wrong'd ; 252 His madness is poor Hamlet's enemy. Sir, in this audience. Let my disclaiming from a purpos'd evil Free me so far in your most generous thoughts. That I have shot mine arrow o'er the house, 257 And hurt my brother. Laer, I am satisfied in nature. Whose motive, in this case, should stir me most To my revenge; but in my terms of honour 260 I stand aloof, and will no reconcilement, Till by some elder masters, of known honour, I have a voice and precedent of peace. To keep my name ungor'd* But till that time, I do receive your offer'd love like love, 265 And will not wrong it. Ham, I embrace it freely ; And will this brother's wager frankly play. Give us the foils. Come on. Laer. Come, one for me. 268 Ham. I'll be your foil, Laertes; in mine ignorance 242 Xivts^ncQ: royal assembly 245 exctption: disapproval 258 satisfied in nature; c/. n. 263 voice: o^mton 264 ungor'd: uninjured 269 foil; cf. n. 148 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Your skill shall, like a star i' the darkest night, Stick fiery off indeed. Laer. You mock me, sir. Ham. No, by this hand. 272 King. Give them the foils, young Osric. Cousin Hamlet, You know the wager.'' Ham. Very well, my lord; Your Grace hath laid the odds o' the weaker side. King. I do not fear it ; I have seen you both ; But since he is better'd, we have therefore ^dds*—- — Laer. This is too heavy; let me see another. Ham. This likes me well. These foils have all a length ? Osr. Ay, my good lord. 280 Prepare to play. King. Set me the stoups of wine upon that table. If Hamlet give the first or second hit. Or quit in answer of the third, exchange. Let all the battlements their ordnance fire; 284 The king shall drink to Hamlet's better breath ; And in the cup an iinion shall he throw. Richer than that which four successive kings In Denmark's crown have worn. Give me the cups ; 288 And let the kettle to the trumpet speak. The trumpet to the cannoneer without. The cannons to the heavens, the heavens to earth, 'Now the king drinks to Hamlet!' Come, begin; And you, the judges, bear a wary eye. 293 Ham. Come on, sir. Laer. Come, my lord. They play. 271 Stick . . . oH: stand out in relief 283 quit; cf. n. 286 union: pearl 289 kettle: kettledrum Prince of Denmark j V, ii 14.9 Ham. One. Laer. No. Ham. Judgment. Osr. A hit, a very palpable hit. Laer. Well; again. King. Stay; give me drink. Hamlet, this pearl is thine ; 296 Here's to thy health. Give him the cup. Trumpets sound; and shot goes off. Ham. I'll play this bout first; set it by awhile. Come. — [They play.] Another hit; what say you? Laer. A touch, a touch, I do confess. 300 King. Our son shall win. Queen. ^. JEle's fat, and scan t of breath. Here, Hamlet, take my napkin, rub thy Erows ; The queen carouses to thy fortune, Hamlet. Ham. Good madam ! King. Gertrude, do not drink. 304 Queen. I will, my lord; I pray you, pardon me. King. [Aside.] It is the poison'd cup ! it is too late. Ham. I dare not drink yet, madam; by and by. Queen. Come, let me wipe thy face. 308 Laer. My lord, I'll hit him now. King. I do not think 't. Laer. [Aside.] And yet 'tis almost 'gainst my con- science. Ham. Come, for the third, Laertes. You but dally; I pray you, pass with your best violence. 312 I am afeard you make a wanton of me. Laer. Say you so? come on. [They] play. Osr. Nothing, neither way. 301 fat: out of training 302 napkin: handkerchief 313 wanton: spoiled child 1 50 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Laer. Have at you now. In scuffling they change rapiers. King. Part them! they are incens'd. Ham. Nay, come, again. [The Queen falls.] Osr. Look to the queen there, ho! Hor. They bleed on both sides. How is it, my Osr. How is it, Laertes? Yd^V^ ^ Ik^^-^ Laer. Why, as a woodcock to mine own springe, Osric; 320 I am justly kill'd with mine own treachery. Ham. How does the queen? King. She swounds to see them bleed. Queen. No, no, the drink, the drink, [ — O my dear Hamlet ! 323 The drink, the drink;] I am poison'd. [Dies.'] Ham. O villainy.'' Ho! let the door be lock'd: Treachery ! seek it out. [Laertes falls.] Laer. It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, thou art slain; No medicine in the world can do thee good; 328 In thee there is not half an hour of life ; The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, Unbated and envenom'd. The foul practice Hath turn'd itself on me ; lo ! here I lie, 332 Never to rise again. Thy mother's poison'd. I can no more. The king, the king's to blame. Ham. The point envenom'd too ! — Then, venom, to thy work. Hurts the King. All. Treason! treason! 337 King. O ! yet defend me, friends ; I am but hurt. Ham. Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, Drink off this potion ; — is thy union here ? 340 316 S. d. Cf. n. 322 swounds: swoons Prince of Denmark j V, ii isi Follow my mother. King dies. Laer. He is justly serv'd; It is a poison temper'd by himself. Exchange forgiveness with me^ noble Hamlet: Mine and my father's death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me! Dies. Ham. Heaven make thee free of it! I follow thee. 346 I am dead, Horatio. Wretched queen, adieu ! You that look pale and tremble at this chance. That are but mutes or audience to this act, 349 Had I but time, — as this fell sergeant, death. Is strict in his arrest, — O ! I could tell you — But let it be. Horatio, I am dead; 352 Thou liv'st ; report me and my cause aright . To the unsatisfied. Hor, Never believe it; I am more an antique Roman than a Dane : Here's yet some liquor left. / Ham. As thou'rt a man, 356 Give me the cup: let go; by heaven, I'll have 't. O good Horatio, what a wounded name, Things standing thus unknown, shall live behind me. If thou didst ever hold^ me in thy heart, 360 Absent thee from felicity awhile, V^ -^v) And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain. To tell my story. ""■^ March afar off, and shout within. ^^^^^^^^ What war-like noise is this f Enter Osric. Osr. Young Fortinbras, with conquest come from Poland, 364 342 temper'd: compounded 350 sergeant: sheriff's officer 355 Roman; cf. n. 152 The Tragedy of Hamlet, To the ambassadors of England gives This war-like volley. Ham. O ! I die, Horatio ; The potent poison quite o'er-crows my spirit: I cannot live to hear the news from England, 368 But I do prophesy the election lights On Fortinbras: he has my dying voice; So tell him, with the occurrents, more and less, Which have solicited — The rest is silence. Dies. Hor. Now cracks a/noblq heart. Good-night, sweet prince, , . ' ^ 373 And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest ! Why does the drum come hither? Enter Fortinbras, and English Ambassador, with drum, colours, and Attendants. Fort. Where is this sight .f* Hor. What is it ye would see.^ 376 If aught of woe or wonder, cease your search. Fort. This quarry cries on havoc. O proud death ! What feast is toward in thine eternal cell. That thou so many princes at a shot ^ 389 So bloodily hast struck? Amb. The sight is dismal; And our affairs from England come too late: The ears are senseless that should give us hearing, To tell him his commandment is fulfill'd, 384 That Rosencrantz and Guildcnstern are dead. Where should we have our thanks ? Hor. Not from his mouth. Had it the ability of life to thank you : 387 -367 o'er-crows: of^r/'Ott'^rj 371 occurrents: i«ctd^nf* 372 solicited: moved; cf. n. 374 flights: troops 378 quarry: heap of slain cries on havoc: proclaims merciless slaughter (?) ; cf. n. Prince of Denmark, V, ii iss He never gave commandment for their death. But since, so jump upon this bloody question. You from the Polack wars, and you from England, Are here arriv'd, give order that these bodies High on a stage be placed to the view; 392 And let me speak to the yet unknowing world How these things came about: so shall you hear Of carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts, Of accidental judgments, casual slaughters; - 396 Of deaths put on by cunning and fore' d cause. And, in this upshot, purposes mistook i Fall'n on the inventors' heads;' all this can I ^ruly deliver. ^^ Fort. Let us haste to hear it, 400' And call the noblest to the audience. For me, with sorrow I embrace my fortune ; I have some rights of memory in this kingdom. Which now to claim my vantage doth invite me. 404 Hor. Of that I shall have also cause to speak. And iromiii« mouth whose voice will draw on more: But let this same be presently perform'd, Even while men's minds are wild, lest more mis- chance 408 On plots and errors happen. , j Fort. Let four captains Bear Hamlet, like a. soldier, to the stage; For he was likely, had he been put on,. . ^ To have prov'd most royallj^: and^ for h^ pas- sage, ~'~' ~^ 412 The soldiers' music and the rites of war Speak loudly for him. 392 stage : platform 397 forc'd: unreal -ruj ngiii-o 406 draw op more: he seconded by others 411 been put on: been put to the proof, tried 392 stage: platform 296 casual: unpremeditated 397 forc'd: unreal 403 rights of memory: ancient claims 154 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Take up the bodies : such a sight as this Becomes the fields but here shows much amiss. Go, bid the soldiers shoot. 417 Exeunt marching , after the which, a peal of ordnance are shot off. FINIS NOTES Dramatis Personae. A list of characters was first given in the Quarto of 1676, although it is commonly- stated that Rowe's edition of 1709 contained the first list. I. i. 3. Long . . . hing! The pass-word or reply to the sentry's challenge. I. i. 15. Friends . . . Dane. Probably the ofiicers' pass-word. I. i. 19. piece. A humorous expression equivalent to 'something like him/ or possibly Horatio means to imply that, because of his skepticism, he is with them in bodily form but not in intellectual sympathy, (Chambers.) I. i. 37. his. Regularly used for 'its.' The latter form had not yet come into common use. I. i. 42. scholar. Exorcisms of evil spirits were performed in Latin and hence by scholars. I. i. 45. It . , . to. It was believed that a ghost could not speak until spoken to. I. i. 63. sledded Polachs. Various suggestions have been made concerning the meaning of these words for the reason that the second Quarto and first Folio have 'sleaded (Fl sledded) pollax' which conceivably could mean a poleaxe weighted with a sledge or hammer at the back. When, however, later references in the play to Polacks are taken into consideration, the meaning given in the gloss seems the more probable. I. i. 70. Good now. Inter jectional expression denoting entreaty. I. i. 87. law and heraldry. The forms of both the common law and the law of arms having been duly 156 The Tragedy of Hamlet, observed. The latter would give the compact binding force in honor. Nobles who signed binding agree- ments were wont to have their coats of arms added to their signatures. I. i. 96. unimproved. Other conjectures are: 'not turned to account,' 'untutored/ 'undisciplined.' I. i. 98. list. Literally, a special catalogue of the soldiers of a force; here used in the sense of an indis- criminately chosen crowd. I. i. 99. For . . . diet. For no pay but their keep. (Moberly.) Perhaps, however, the meaning is 'as food and diet to keep the enterprise going.' I. i. 100. stomach. I.e., gives an opportunity for courage. With a quibble on the literal meaning. I. i. 117. As . . , blood. The abruptness of the transition in the sense has led some commentators to believe either (I) that there is a line missing, or (2) that 11. 121-125 should be inserted between 11. 116 and 117. Attempts have also been made to emend the text by adding a conjectural line. I. i. 118. Disasters. In North's Plutarch, Julius Cassar, whence Shakespeare drew his account of the strange omens preceding Caesar's assassination, the sun was said to be darkened. I, i. 120. sicJc . . . doomsday. A reference to the Biblical account of the events to occur at the second coming of the Son of Man. Cf. Matthew 24. 29 and Revelation 6. 12. I. i. 125. cllmatures. Possibly used for those who live under the same climate. (Clarendon.) I. i. 127. cross. The usual interpretation has been to accept this as meaning crossing the spot where an apparition had appeared, and thus subjecting Horatio, according to traditional ghost-lore, to the spectre's malignant influence. This explanation is rejected by Onions, who gives the reading of the gloss. I. i. 136. uphoarded. If while alive a person Prince of Denmark 157 had hidden gold and placed it under a charm, it was necessary, for his soul's quiet, to release it from the spell. (Illustrated by Steevens from Dekker's K flight's Conjuring.) I. i. 140. partisan. A long-handled spear with a blade having one or more lateral cutting projections. I. i. 150. cock. It was a tradition that at cock- crow spirits returned to their confines. I. i. 162. planets strike. The malignant aspects of planets, according to the pseudo-science of astrol- ogy, were supposed to be able to injure incautious travellers by night. I. ii. 65. kin . . . kind. I.e., more than his actual kinship and less than a natural relation. 'Kind' is here used equivocally for 'natural' and also for 'affectionate.' A proverbial expression occurring else- where in Elizabethan literature. I. ii. 67. V the sun. Probably Hamlet means he is too much in the unwelcome sunshine of the King's favor. The reply is purposely enigmatical. There is a quibble on 'sun' and 'son.' I. ii. 113. Wittenberg. A famous German univer- sity, founded in 1502. I. ii. 140. Hyperion. The Titanic sun god, but here used for Apollo. I. ii. 149. Niobe. A daughter of Tantalus, who boasted that she had more sons and daughters than Leto. Consequently Apollo and Artemis slew her children with arrows, and she herself was turned by Zeus into a stone upon Mount Sipylus in Lydia, where she shed tears all the summer long. I. ii. 161. forget myself. I.e., or I have lost the knowledge even of myself. I. ii. 180. bak'd meats. It was an old custom to have a feast as part of the funeral ceremonies. I. ii. 198. vast. It here means emptiness, the time when no living thing was seen. 158 The Tragedy of Hamlet, I. iii. 7. violet. Early violets were proverbial examples of transitory things. I. iii. 26. place. The reading of the first Folio is 'peculiar Sect and force.' I. iii. 53. double. I.e., because Laertes had al- ready taken leave of his father. I. iii. 56. wind ...of. Wind blowing from a stern quarter, hence 'behind/ 'favorable.' I. iii. 58. precepts. Many parallels for several of these precepts have been discovered. I. iii. 74. Are . . . that. Various conjectures have been suggested: 'are most select and generous in that' • (White) ; 'select and generous, are most choice in that' (Steevens) ; 'are most select and generous, chiefly in that.' The emendation of the text here followed is that commonly accepted. I. iii. 99. tenders. Polonius, in 1. 106, uses 'ten- ders' in the sense of promises to pay, which, as he says, are not 'legal currency.' I. iii. 115. woodcocks. The woodcock was sup- posed to be a witless bird easily snared. I. iv. 36. dram of eale. Possibly 'eale' is a cor- ruption of 'e'il,' the contracted form of 'evil.' The rest of the passage is equally uncertain. The Cam- bridge Shakespeare records about forty conjectures. Dowden's conjecture seems to come nearest to the sense of the passage; 'out of a mere doubt or sus- picion the dram of evil degrades in reputation all the noble substance to its own [substance].' I. iv. 83. Nemean lions. One of the powerful monsters slain by Hercules. I. V. 21. blazon. Literally, to portray armorial bearings in their proper colors. I. V. 32. fat weed. It has been suggested that Shakespeare meant by this the asphodel referred to by Lucian in connection with Lethe. However, there is a reference in Seneca's Hercules Furens to the Taxus tree overleaning the quiet lake of Lethe. This Prince of Denmark 159 is the Latin name for the yew tree, which exudes a resinous substance from its leaves. It could, there- fore, be described as a 'fat weed.' I. V. 33. Lethe. A river (sometimes called a lake) of the Greek underworld, whose waters gave forget- fulness of the past to those who drank of them. I. V. 67. gates and alleys. Shakespeare here im- plies as much as was then known touching the circu- lation of the blood. (Hudson.) I. V. 80. horrible. The tradition of the stage assigns this line to Hamlet. It was so spoken by, among others, Garrick, Kemble, and Irving. Better- ton probably omitted it, for it is marked for omission in the Quarto of 1676. I. V. 136. Saint Patrick. He was the keeper of purgatory; the patron saint of all blunders and con- fusion (Moberly) ; he banished serpents from Ireland, hence he was the proper saint to take cognizance of the report that a serpent stung Hamlet's father. (Dowden.) If Hamlet's oath requires any explana- tion, the first surmise appears the more probable. I. V. 138. honest ghost. I.e., an actual ghost, and not the devil or an evil spirit in disguise. Cf . Hamlet's doubt upon this point later. I. V. 154. sword. It was customary to swear upon the sword, because the hilt made the form of the cross. Such an oath was binding both in military honor and in religion. I. V. 167. your. Does not mean Horatio's phi- losophy, but refers to philosophy in general. II. i. 35. Of general assault. Chambers plausibly suggests that the meaning may be *a passionate desire to assail all kinds of experience.' II. i. 119. More . . . love. The line is obscure, but Hudson paraphrases it as follows: 'By keeping Hamlet's love secret we may cause more of grief to others than of hatred on his part by disclosing it.' 1 60 The Tragedy of Hamlet, II. ii. 79. regards . . . allowance. I.e., terms securing the safety of the country and regulating the passage of troops through it. (Clarendon.) II. ii. 123. machine. Such endings were not un- common in Euphuistic letters. II. ii. 174. fishmonger. The word is probably used here in some cant coarse sense, such as 'wencher' or 'seller of women's chastity.' II. ii. 184. good kissing. I.e., carrion fit for kiss- ing by the sun. Warburton suggested the emendation 'God kissing carrion' but there appears no necessity for accepting this. II, ii. 187. conception. There is a quibble here on conception as 'understanding' and as 'the state of being pregnant.' II. ii. 198. Between who? Hamlet deliberately misunderstands 'matter' to mean a cause of dispute. II. ii. 204. amber . . . gum. I.e., in reference to the exudings from the weak eyes of old men. II. ii. 237. on . . . button. I.e., we have not reached the summit of good fortune. II. ii. 244. strumpet. I.e., because of Fortune's fickleness. II. ii. 274. beggars bodies. I.e., if ambition is but a shadow, then monarchs and heroes, who have at- tained ambition, are in possession only of a shadow; whereas beggars, who have not attained ambition, at least possess something material — i.e., their bodies. But every beggar may long for ambition — a shadow — and hence the monarchs and heroes who are in pos- session of their ambitions, are but the beggars' shad- ows — i.e., have this shadow for which the beggar longs in vain. II. ii. 288. dear a halfpenny. Too dear at a half- penny, of insignificant value. II. ii. 328. quintessence. A term in alchemy. The fifth essence of ancient and medieval philosophy, sup- posed to be the substance of which the heavenly bodies Prince of Denmark 161 were composed, and to be actually latent in all things: hence, pure essence or extract, essential part of a thing. (Murray.) II. ii. 346. tickle o' the sere. Literally, the 'sere* is the catch of a gunlock that holds the hammer. Hence a trigger that goes off at a light touch. (Nich- olson.) II. ii. 356. innovation. This speech does not ap- pear in the Quarto of 1603 but does in the Quarto of 1604. There are two conjectures as to the meaning: (1) On January 30, 1603-4, a license was granted to the children of the Revels to play at the Blackfriars Theatre and elsewhere; (2) or, it refers to the custom of introducing personal abuse into plays. Either might be described as an 'innovation.' II. ii. 362. aery. This refers to the young choris- ters of the Chapel Royal [and of St. Paul's] who acted plays. II. ii. 363. cry . . . question. This is also inter- preted as meaning 'exclaim against (lampoon) those who are at the top of their profession, (or, the best productions of the dramatic pen).' II. ii. 386. Hercules and his load. The reference may be to the sign of the Globe Theatre which repre- sented Hercules carrying the globe. The sign itself was an allusion to the story of Hercules relieving Atlas. II. ii. 407. handsaw. The phrase is proverbial. It has been conjectured that handsaw is a corruption of 'her(o)nsew,' *her(o)nshaw' — a heron or hern. It is probable, however, that Hamlet uses the corrupted form in its derived sense of being able to recognize two dissimilar objects. II. ii. 419. Roscius. A famous Roman actor whose intellectual capacities lifted him above the stigma usually attached to his profession. II. ii. 427. scene individahle. Probably a play which follows the classical rules relating to the three 162 The Tragedy of Hamlet, unities of time, place, and action — hence usually a tragedy. Cf. note on Seneca below. II. ii. 428. poem unlimited. Probably a play which disregarded the unities ; or, a comedy in which unlimited license was used in treating the material. Cf. note on Plautus below. II. ii. 428. Seneca. A Roman rhetorical writer of tragedies whose plays were during the Renaissance considered models of classic technique. See Appen- dix A for notes on Senecan influence in Hamlet. II. ii. 429. Plautus. A Roman comic dramatist who was the model for comedy technique during the Renaissance. Cf. The Comedy of Errors. II. ii. 429. law of writ and the liberty. There are two conjectures as to the meaning: (1) 'law of writ/ plays written according to the classical rules ; and 'liberty/ plays which do not follow these rules; (2) adhering to the text, hence, 'law of writ'; 'liberty,' plays in which the dialogue was extem- porized by the actors, as in the Italian commedia delV arte. This editor believes 'law of writ' to refer to 'tragedy,' (cf. scene individable) ; 'liberty' to refer tl 'comedy/ (cf. poem unlimited). II. ii. 431. Jephthah. There were several old ballads on this subject. Cf. Percy's Reliques, 2d. ed., 1757, for a copy of one of the ballads. II. ii. 457. Cracked . . . ring. Having the circle broken ihat surrounds the sovereign's head on a coin. Here used quibblingly for a voice that has changed and hence is 'cracked' in its 'ring' or purity of tone. It is, of course, a boy actor of women's parts that Hamlet is addressing. II. ii. 466. Caviare . . . general. I.e., a delicacy for which the general public has no relish. II. ii. 469. digested. Cf. the Prologue to Troilus and Cressida, 23-29. II. ii. 471. no sallets . . . savoury. No ribaldry to spice the lines. Prince of Denmark 163 II. ii. 475. handsome. I.e., its beauty was not that of elaborate diction or polish, but that of structure and proportion. II. ii. 477. Mneas' tale to Dido. The passage in- serted here should be compared with Marlowe and Nash's Dido, Queen of Carthage (1594), II. 1. 214 ff. It is a matter of critical dispute whether Shakespeare intended this passage as burlesque or whether he selected deliberately the earlier turgid romantic style to contrast with his more realistic dramatic method in this scene. The latter seems the more probable. II. ii. 481. Hyrcanian beast. The tiger. So de- scribed by Virgil. Cf. Mneid, IV. 366. II. ii. 485. ominous horse. The wooden horse in which the Greeks lay hidden until the Trojans dragged it within the walls. II. ii. 532. Hecuba, The wife of Priam. II. ii. 533. mobled. The first Folio has 'inobled/ which is probably a misprint. 'Mobled' is a debased form of 'muffled.' It is clearly Shakespeare's inten- tion to make use of an unusual word here, as may be seen by Hamlet's query and Polonius' approval. II. ii. 561. God's bodikins. A corruption of an oath *by God's body.' II. ii. 573. dozen or sixteen lines. There has been much discussion concerning the possibility of identify- ing the passage written by Hamlet. Chambers (Warwick Shakespeare) suggests Lucianus' speech, III. ii. 270 ff., which is interrupted by the King's rising. Others point to the Player King's speech, III. ii. 198 ff., because its philosophy is characteristic of Hamlet. The question is not one to which an authoritative answer can be given. II. ii. 595. cue. A technical stage term for the last words of an actor's line to which another actor replied. II. ii. 603. John-a-dreams. Armin's Nest of Nin- nies (1608) contains the following definition: "His 164 The Tragedy of Hamlet, name is loline, indeede, saies the cinick; but neither lohn-a-nods, nor lohn-a-dreames, yet either as you take Itt." II. iic 605. property. His crown, his wife, every- thing, in short, which he might be said to be pos- sessed of, except his life. (Furness.) II. ii. 613. pig eon-liver d. It was believed that pigeons were gentle because they had no gall. III. i. 59. tahe . . . troubles. Many commenta- tors have felt that this line contains a badly mixed metaphor and consequently have suggested various unnecessary emendations. The phrase 'sea of troubles,' in the sense of a 'mass of troubles,' however, occurs elsewhere in Elizabethan literature. Cf. Greene's Mamillia, ed. Grosart, vol. II., p. 18; "hauing himself escaped the seas of trouble and care," and Dekker's The Wonder of a Kingdome, ed. 1873, vol. IV., p. 230: I never heard mongst all your Romane spirits. That any held so bravely up his head, In such a sea of troubles (that come rouling One on anothers necke) as Lotti doth. III. i. 153. nickname. I.e., by painting your face and by your fashionable affectations you turn human beings (God's creatures) into figures that bear the same resemblance to reality that a nickname does to a Christian name. Or possibly this is an allusion to the Elizabethan court fashion of giving animal names to the various courtiers. III. ii. 12. groundlings. The inferior portion of the audience who paid a penny for standing room in the yard or pit. III. ii. 14. inexplicable dumb-shows. Pantomimes illustrating the subsequent action of the play, often so crudely performed that they were 'inexplicable.' III. ii. 16. Termagant. A noisy character repre- I Prince of Denmark i65 senting a supposed god of the Saracens in some of the mystery plays. III. ii. 16. out-herods. I.e., outdoes even the ex- travagant acting of the character of Herod in the mystery plays. Cf. the stage direction in the Coventry play of The Nativity, "Here Erode ragis in the pagond> and in the strete also." III. ii. 45. there be of them, etc. Examples of gags and stage business introduced by clowns are found in The Pilgrimage to Parnassus, V: "if thou canst but drawe thy mouth awrye, laye thy legg over thy staffe, sawe a piece of cheese asunder with thy dagger, Tape up drinke on the earth, I warrant thee theile laughe mightilie." III. ii. 89. Vulcan. He was the armorer of the gods. III. ii. 95. be idle. This may have its usual mean- ings of 'purposeless/ 'intent upon nothing in particu- lar.' So in King Lear, I. iii. 17. However, in Hall's Chronicles, the phrase 'ydle and weak in his wit' occurs. III. ii. 98. chameleon's dish. It was believed that chameleons fed on air. III. ii. 109. Julius Ccesar. The universities gave many representations within their walls of plays in Latin and English. A Latin play on Caesar's death was acted at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1582. Cf. also the title-page of the 1603 Quarto of Hamlet. III. ii. 110. Capitol. The murder of Caesar actually took place in the Theatre of Pompey, which stood in the Campus Martins. Shakespeare transfers the scene to the Capitol both in Julius Ccesar and in Antony and Cleopatra. III. ii. 144. hobby-horse. In the morris dance, a figure of a horse made of light material and fastened around the waist of a performer, who went through various antics. The quotation here may be from a 166 The Tragedy of Hamlet, ballad perhaps satirizing Puritan opposition to May- games. III. ii. 146. S. d. The dumb-show enters. In Gorboduc and many early plays a 'dumb-show' was introduced to give a pantomimic representation or suggestion of the action that was to follow. III. ii. 148. miching mallecho. Mallecho is from the Spanish malhecho, meaning 'mischief.' III. ii. 168. Tellus\ The goddess of the earth, who received and nourished the sown seed. III. ii. 229. sport and repose. Here the objects of the verb. III. ii. 252. duhe's name. In the first Quarto the leading characters are called Duke and Duchess. In the second Quarto and the First Folio, except for this line, they are always King and Queen. In revising his play, Shakespeare overlooked this instance. III. ii. 260. interpret. At 'puppet shows' or 'motions' the dialogue was spoken by a person con- cealed behind the stage. This was called 'interpret- ing.' III. ii. 268. The croaking . . . revenge. Cf. The True Tragedie of Richard the Third (p. 61, Shake. Soc. reprint) : The screeking raven sits croking for revenge, Whole herds of beasts come bellowing for revenge. III. ii. 273. Hecate. Diana, in her aspect as in- fernal goddess, was regarded as the queen of witches. III. ii. 282. false fire. A proverbial expression. III. ii. 287. deer go weep. It was a popular belief that the deer, when badly wounded, retires from the herd and goes apart to weep and die. III. ii. 293. Provincial roses. So called either from Provence, or from Provins, the latter a town forty miles from Paris. III. ii. 294. cry. Literally, a pack of hounds — here, troop or company. Prince of Denmark 167 III. ii. 295. share. Theatrical companies were organized on a profit-sharing basis. III. ii. 297. Damon. An allusion to the classical story of the friendship of Damon and Pythias (or Phintias). III. ii. 300. pajock. Various conjectures, but in Scotland a peacock is often called a "peajock." Skeat, however, derives 'pajock' from 'patch/ a 'pied fool.' Spenser calls a ragamuffin a 'patchocke.' III. ii. 317. distempered. This word was used both of mental and of bodily disorder. Hamlet pre- tends to understand it in the latter sense. III. ii. 320. choler. The other meaning of 'choler' is bilious disorder, and so again Hamlet pre- tends to misunderstand it. III. ii. 323. purgation. Another word of double meaning: (1) clearing from the accusation or suspi- cion of guilt; (2) purging in the medical sense. III. ii. 355. pickers and stealers. An allusion to the phrase in the Catechism, "Keep my hands from picking^ and stealing." III. ii. 365. 'While . . . grows.' A proverb of frequent occurrence. Cf. Heywood's Proverbs "while the grass groweth the horse sterveth," and Whet- stone's Promos and Cassandra (1578), "Whylst grass doth growe, oft sterves the seely steede." III. ii. 368. recover the wind of. A hunting term, meaning, keep watch upon (as upon the game, when following it down the wind). III. ii. 395. fret. Frets are stops of instruments of the lute or guitar kind. Hamlet also uses it quibblingly to mean 'annoy.' III. ii. 409. bent. An expression derived from archery; the bow has its 'bent' when it is drawn as far as it can be. III. ii. 419. Nero. He murdered his mother, Agrippina. 168 The Tragedy of Hamlet, III. iii. 37. primal. The curse of Cain. Cf. Genesis 4. 2. III. iii. 61. lies. Is sustainable, as an action at law. III. iii. 80. full of bread. Cf. Ezekiel 16. 49. III. iv. 67. moor. With a quibble upon the mean- ing 'swarthy complexioned.' III. iv. 98. vice. The Vice was a stock character in the Moralities. Although personifying the weaker side of human nature, he was represented as a buffoon and supplied much of the comic element in these plays. III. iv. 102. shreds and patches. The usual inter- pretation is to assume that this refers to the motley dress of the Vice (cf. 'patch' = a 'pied fool'), but it may conceivably refer to the subjects the King rules, although no commentator gives authority for this assumption. III. iv. 169. master. A word has dropped out of the earlier texts, and the present emendation 'master' is derived from the fourth Folio. III. iv. 207. go hard But. Introduces a statement of what will happen unless overwhelming difficulties prevent it. IV. i. 40. so, haply, slander. Added by Capell. IV. ii. 29. The . . . body. A passage about which there have been many conjectures. If Hamlet is not designedly talking mere nonsense, a possible interpretation is: "The King is still alive (i.e., with his body), but he is not with the dead body (i.e., of Polonius)." IV. iii. 21. convocation. The commentators main- tain that this is an allusion to the famous Diet or convocation of the dignitaries of the German Empire held at Worms in 1521. It was before this Diet that Martin Luther was summoned to appear. There is no necessity of putting this far-fetched interpretation upon this passage. In John Wyclif's The Ave Maria, Prince of Denmark 169 ed. E. E. T. S., p. 206, occurs: "the rotten body [of man] that is worms' meat." IV. V. S, d. Here the first Folio omits the Gentle- man, no doubt, as Collier suggested, to avoid the employment of another actor. IV. V. 20., S. d. The direction in the Quarto of 1603 is, "Enter Ofelia playing on a lute, and her haire downe, singing." This is the basis for the traditional stage-business. IV. V. 25. cockle hat. The cockle hat, staff, and sandals were the guise of a pilgrim and often the disguise of a lover. Cf. Romeo's costume at the ball in Romeo and Juliet. The hat was so called from the custom of putting cockle-shells upon pilgrims' hats. The shell was used to denote that the pilgrim had been to the shrine of St. James of Compostella in Spain. IV. V. 42. owl . . . daughter. There is an old mediaeval legend that a baker's daughter was turned into an owl for refusing bread to our Lord. IV. V. 97. Switzers. The kings of France em- ployed Swiss mercenaries as guards, and the term 'Switzer' gradually became almost synonymous with 'guard.' IV. V. 141. swoopstaJce. A gambling term used when the winner clears the board of all the stakes. IV. V. 145. life-rendering pelican. It was a common belief that the pelican either fed its young or restored them to life when dead with its own blood. It was thus an emblem of self-sacrifice. IV. V. 164. Hey non nonny. Such meaningless refrains are common in old songs. Cf. 169, 'a-down.' IV. V. 171. wheel. Although this word is usually rendered 'burden,' 'refrain,' it is possible that Ophelia is referring to singing at the spinning wheel. IV. V. 171. false steward. This ballad or story is unknown at the present day. 170 The Tragedy of Hamlet, IV. V. 174. rosemary. Flower symbolism was an elaborate system in mediaeval and Elizabethan Eng- land. Cf. The Handfull of Pleasant Delights (1584) : Rosemarie is for remembrance, betweene vs daie and night: Wishing that I might alwaies haue you present in my sight. Rosemary was also often strewn on biers. Cf. Romeo and Juliet, IV. v. 79; Winter's Tale, IV. iii. 74. IV. V. 176. pansies. French, penseesj a country emblem of love and courtship. IV. V. 180. rue. It was usually mingled with holy water and then known as 'herb of grace.' Hence "we may call it herb of grace o' Sundays." Worm- wood, the emblem of remorse, was likewise called herb of grace. IV. V. 182. difference. An heraldic bearing, dis- tinguishing the arms of one branch of the same family from another. Ophelia implies that for the Queen rue signifies the remembrance of things to be re- pented, for herself — regret. Thus the "difference." IV. V. 186. For . . . joy. The music for this song is contained in Anthony Holborne's Citharn Schoole (1597). It is probably a Robin Hood ballad now lost. IV. V. 189. And . . . again. This song appears under the titles : The Merry Milkmaids and The Milk- maids' Dumps. IV. vii. 20. spring. There are several springs in England whose water is so heavily charged with lime that they will petrify with a deposit of lime any object placed in them. There is one at King's Newnham in Warwickshire and another at Knares- borough in Yorkshire. IV. vii. 21. gyves. I.e., would turn punishments inflicted upon Hamlet into proofs of his good qualities. IV. vii. 23. reverted. I.e., the 'loud wind' of Prince of Denmark i7i popular affection for Hamlet would have caused Claudius' shafts to recoil upon himself. IV. vii. 27. praises . . . again. I.e., if praises may return to what is now no more — viz., Ophelia's natural charm. IV. vii. 28. challenger on mount. I.e., her worth challenged all the age to deny her perfection. 'Of all the age' qualifies 'challenger,' not 'mount.' IV. vii. 40. Claudio. A character who does not appear in the play. IV. vii. 76. siege. Literally 'seat/ thence 'rank/ because people sat at table in order of precedence. IV. vii. 87. incorps'd and demi-natur'd. I.e., like a Centaur, half horse, half man. Literally, of one body with and half partaking of the nature of his horse. IV. vii. 89. in . . . tricks. I.e., I could not con- trive so many proofs of dexterity as he could per- form. IV. vii. 96. masterly report. I.e., a report de- scribing Laertes as a master of fence. IV. vii. 112. passa:ges of proof. I.e., instances from practical experience of the world. IV. vii. 117. plurisy. Often used where today one would say 'plethora.' IV. vii. 122. spendthrift sigh. A satisfactory paraphrase has not as yet been suggested. The meaning is probably: "the recognition of a 'should' when it is too late is like a wasteful or supererogatory sigh, which pains even while giving relief." The difficulty lies in the adjectival use of 'spendthrift.' IV. vii. 138. pass of practice. It may mean either (1) a treacherous thrust, or (2) a thrust in which you are practised. The former is more prob- able. IV. vii. 141. mountehanh. These men were quack-doctors who journeyed from town to town sell- ing miraculous remedies and forbidden poisons. 172 The Tragedy of Hamlet, IV. vii. 145. moon. It was believed that to gather herbs by moonlight added to their medicinal value. It is possible, however, that here the meaning is simply 'on earth.' IV. vii. 155. cunnings. The first Folio reads commings, possibly fencing bouts. Cf. Cotgrave: Venue — a comming; also, a vennie in fencing. IV. vii. 170. crow- flowers. It is probable that Shakespeare is still carrying on his flower symbolism in the garlands worn by Ophelia. Thus the crow- flower was also called 'the fair maid of France' ; long purples were said to represent the cold hand of death ; nettles meant 'stung to the quick' ; and the daisy sometimes imported 'pure virginity' or 'spring of life.' (Parkinson.) IV. vii. 190. woman. I.e., when these tears are shed the woman in me, what I have inherited from my mother, will have come out. V. i. S. d. Clowns. The term applies both to peasants and to actors of low comedy roles. In stage directions it usually means the latter. V. i. 9. se ojfendendo. The clown's mistake for se defendendo, which would itself be a mistake, since this was the verdict in the case of justifiable homicide. V. i. 37. hore arms. A quibble on bearing a coat of arms and the literal meaning. V. i. 44. confess thyself. Half of an old proverb. The rest was 'and be hanged.' Or possibly 'confess thyself a fool.' V. i. 59. unyoke. Literally, 'you may then free your cattle from the yoke' ; hence, 'your day's work is done.' V. i. 6S. Yaughan. Some ale-house is probably intended, perhaps the one attached to the Globe theatre. The name is Welsh and, therefore, is not necessarily a corruption of the German, 'Johann,' as has been suggested by some commentators. Prince of Denmark 173 V. i. 69. In . . . love. This song, by Lord Vaux, is found in Tottel's Miscellany (1557), p. 173, under the title The aged louer renounceth loue, although the Clown sings a confused and blundering version of it. V. i. 75. property of easiness. I.e., custom has made it natural to him to take his task easily. V. i. 101. loggats. A game in which thick sticks are thrown to lie as near as possible to a stake fixed in the ground or to a block of wood on a floor. V. i. 108. tenures. The act, right, or manner of holding, as real estate, property of a superior ; manner in, or period for, which anything is had and enjoyed. V. i. 111. action of battery. Right to sue for an unlawful attack by beating and wounding. V. i. 113. statutes. Particular modes of recogni- zance or acknowledgement for securing debts, which thereby became a charge upon the party's land. (Ritson.) V. i. 113. recognizances. Bonds or obligations of record testifying the recognizor to owe to the recog- nizee a certain sum of money. V. i. 114. vouchers. Persons who are called upon to warrant a tenant's title. V. i. 116. fines, recoveries. Processes by which entailed estates were commonly transferred from one party to another. V. i. 120. conveyance. Document by which trans- ference of property is effected. V. i. 127. assurance. Also used with quibble on its legal meaning 'evidence of the conveyance or set- tlement of property.' V. i. 150. by the card. There are two conjectures as to the original meaning: (1) that 'card' refers to the card on which the thirty-two points of the mari- ner's compass are marked, hence 'precision' ; (2) that it alludes to the 'card' or 'calender' of etiquette. Cf. Osric's use of the word. 171 The Tragedy of Hamlet, V. i. 256. crants. Garlands appear to have been borne before the bodies of unmarried women to the grave, and were hung up in church. V. i. 277. Pelion. Pelion, Olympus, and Ossa (1. 305) are three mountains in the north of Thessaly. The Titans, warring with the gods, are said to have attempted to pile Ossa on Pelion in an effort to scale Olympus. V. i. 300. eisel. Some commentators have taken this word for the name of a river, but there seems no plausible basis for such an interpretation. Cf. The Salisbury Primer (1555): "I beseech thee for the bitterness of the aysell and gall, that thou tasted." V. i. 308. This . . . drooping. The first Folio assigns this speech to the King. V. i. 311. golden couplets. The dove lays but two eggs and the young, when first disclosed, are covered with a yellow down. Cf. III. i. 174. V. ii. 13. sea-gown. "A coarse, high-collared and short-sleeved gown, reaching down to the mid leg, and used most by seamen and sailors." (Onions.) V. ii. 22. hugs . . . life. I.e., with such enumera- tion of bugbears and imaginary terrors if Hamlet were allowed his life. V. ii. 30. prologue . . . play. I.e., before I had formed my real plan, my brains had done their work. V. ii. 42. comma. There have been many con- jectures, but the meaning of the text appears obvious as it stands. V. ii. 43. 'As'es. A quibble on 'as,' the conditional particle, and *ass,' the beast of burden. V. ii. 65. election. The Danish throne was elec- tive. V. ii. 84. water- fiy. Used for a vain or idly busy person, but probably also with reference to the gaudy attire of the foolish courtier. V. ii. 90. mess. "One of the groups of persons, Prince of Denmark I'^'S normally four, into which the company at a banquet was divided." (Onions.) V. ii. 90. chough. This word also meant, some- times, a provincial boor — but it is hardly likely that a "water-fly" whose crib stood at the King's mess was a mere provincial boor, nor does Osric's affected courtier speech correspond to this description. Cf. also 193, lapwing.' Nevertheless, many commenta- tors so interpret it. V. ii. 109. remember. The phrase 'remember thy courtesy' was a conventional one for 'be covered.' Cf. Love's Labour's Lost, V. i. 106. V. ii. 110. mine ease. This again was the con- ventional apologetic reply for declining the invitation of 'remember thy courtesy.' V. ii. 121. yaw. Nautical figure; the literal mean- ing is difficult to define precisely, but the sense of the line appears to be 'and yet but stagger in the attempt to overtake his perfections.' Osric is himself puzzled as Hamlet intended he should be. V. ii. 132. another tongue. I.e., in plain language, instead of in this affected courtier speech. V. ii. 174. twelve for nine. The exact details of this wager are a matter of doubt. The meaning probably is that in every dozen passes Laertes will not score more than twelve hits to Hamlet's nine. It might, therefore, take twenty-one passes to decide this. V. ii. 193. lapwing. It was said when newly hatched to run about with the shell on its head. V. ii. 201. fond and winnowed. This phrase has not been satisfactorily explained. The metaphor is a mixed one. "Fond" means "foolish," and "win- nowed," according to Craig, "sensible." That is, this "yesty collection" gives the appearance of being able to range through all shades of opinions from foolish to wise, but subject them to a real test and "the bubbles are out." 176 The Tragedy of Hamlet, V. ii. 258. satisfied in nature. Though his natural tendency is to be satisfied with Hamlet's explanation, yet his artificial honor as a courtier requires that the matter shall be adjudicated. V. ii. 269. foil. That which sets something off to advantage, with a quibble on the meaning 'fencing foil.' V. ii. 277. hetter'd. Some commentators take this to mean 'stands higher in reputation.' V. ii. 283. quit. I.e., requite Laertes' winning of the first two bouts by gaining the third. V. ii. 316. S. d. The usual method of representing upon the stage this exchange of rapiers is as follows: With a quick thrust Hamlet disarms Laertes. As the foil drops, Hamlet places his foot upon it, and, with a bow, offers Laertes his own in exchange. Courtesy compels Laertes to accept this, after which Hamlet stoops, picks up Laertes' foil from the ground, and resumes the bout. V. ii. 355. Roman. It was a Roman custom to follow masters in death. V. ii. 372. solicited. The sentence is left un- finished. V. ii. 378. cries on havoc. Originally, to give an army the order 'havoc!' as the signal for pillaging. APPENDIX A Sources of the Play There are two early references to the name 'Ham- let/ one in The Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters/ under the year 917, and the other in Snorri's Prose Edda, about three centuries later. The outline of the story of Hamlet, as we are familiar with it, is first found in the Historia Danica of Saxo Grammat- icus, a Danish chronicler who lived at the end of the twelfth century. Saxo's version contains the following elements in common with Shakespeare's: the murder of Hamlet's father by the latter's ambitious brother; the mother's incestuous marriage with the murderer; the son's feigned madness, or "folly," for the purpose of carrying out his revenge; a foreshadowing of the character of Ophelia by the girl thrown in Hamlet's way that the true state of his mind may be discov- ered; a foreshadowing of the character of Polonius; the scene between mother and son;^ the voyage to England with two companions, during which Hamlet alters the letter, and the companions are put to death in his stead; Hamlet's return to kill his uncle, a deed which he accomplishes. The ending differs. Francois de Belle-Forest published in 1570 a free translation of Saxo's Hamlet story in French prose in the fifth book of his Histoires Tragiques. Although many editions of this appeared in France before 1600, there is no evidence of an English version before the publication by Thomas Pavier of the Hystorie of 1 Cf . the Introduction to Gollancz's Hamlet in Iceland. 2 Cf. Hamlet, III. iv. 178 The Tragedy of Hamlet, Hamhlet in 1608. This English translation differs in a few particulars from Belle-Forest, and these differences seem to be due to the influence of Shake- speare's play. Thus, in Belle-Forest the counsellor who acts the spy during Amleth's (Hamlet's) inter- view with his mother, conceals himself under a bed- quilt, upon which Amleth leaps when entering the room and so discovers the eavesdropper. In the Hystorie, the counsellor hides behind the arras, as in the play. Again, Hamblet, at the moment of this discovery, calls out "A rat! A rat!", of which there is no trace in Belle-Forest. There is one other conjectural source for Shake- speare's play, viz., an earlier play by another author on the same subject. The evidence for the existence of such a work is as follows: In 1589 was published Greene's MenapJion with a prefatory epistle by Thomas Nash "to the Gentlemen Students of both Vniuersities." In this epistle, Nash briefly reviews contemporary literature and refers to "whole Ham- lets, I should say Handfulls of tragical speeches," linking this remark with a reference to Seneca. The next reference to an early play of Hamlet is from the Diary of Philip Henslowe,^ the theatrical manager, for the year 1594. "Ye 9 of June 1594. R[eceive]d. at hamlet, viijs". At this time the Lord Chamberlain's and the Lord Admiral's men were playing for Henslowe at the theatre at Newington Butts. The former company was the one to which Shakespeare belonged. Lodge's Wit's miserie, and the World's madness, published in 1596, contains this passage: "[Hate Virtue is] a foul lubber, and looks as pale as the wisard of the ghost, which cried so miserably at the theator, like an oyster-wife, Hamlet reuenge." 1 The entry differs from those Henslowe made when the play mentioned was a new one. i Prince of Denmark i79 This cumulative evidence is conclusive of the exist- ence of a play on the subject of Hamlet at an earlier date than any surviving Shakespeare quarto. The general consensus of opinion is that the earlier play was by Thomas Kyd^ the author of the Spanish Tragedie. Nash's preface to Greene's Menaphon, already alluded to, contains a punning reference to "the Kidde in Aesope's fable." Kyd's known plays' show marked Senecan influence.-^ The probability that Kyd was the author of the earlier Hamlet is further substantiated by resemblances between the Spanish Tragedie and Shakespeare's Hamlet. In both the motive is revenge; the ghost of the victim relates his story; the hero feigns madness; in each play there is a faithful friend named Horatio; each contains a play within a play ; the innocent and guilty alike are involved in the catastrophes. Although no actual trace of this earlier play has been found, many scholars believe that a German manuscript, dated October 27, 1710, and published in 1781, preserves some material from the original version. This manuscript is possibly a modernized copy of an older one which was first translated when a troupe of English actors visited Germany at the end of the sixteenth century.^ The German play is entitled, T)er Bestrafte Brudermord oder: Prins Hamlet aus Danemark. (Fratricide Punished, or Prince Hamlet of Denmark). It opens with an allegorical prologue which shows unmistakable Sene- can influence. Likewise Polonius is here called Corambus, which corresponds with his name 'Coram- bis' in the first Quarto. Otherwise this German play is exceedingly crude and coarse, although the outline 1 He was also the translator of a Seneca-like tragedy entitled Cornelia, by the French tragic writer Gamier. 2 On the other hand, the earliest reference known to a performance of Hamlet by English actors in Germany is in the year 1626. 180 The Tragedy of Hamlet^ of the plot action follows Shakespeare's closely. It is, however, devoid of all literary merit. To sum up: the story of Hamlet was taken by Belle-Forest from Saxo's chronicle. Shakespeare received it either from Belle-Forest, direct, or from an earlier unknown publication of the translation of Belle-Forest of which the Hystorie of Hamhlet is a later edition, or he founded his play on an earlier tragedy which was probably by Thomas Kyd. The traces of Senecan influence in Shakespeare's Hamlet are due either to this earlier play or to the general and common influence of Seneca upon Elizabethan tragic playwrights. I APPENDIX B History of the Play The stage history of Hamlet is practically that of the English-speaking stage itself. Almost all the great actors of England and America, from Shake- speare's day to this, have appeared as the Prince. In addition, for the past one hundred years, it has been frequently played in the principal European countries. It is safe to say that no other play of Shakespeare's has been more often performed. Richard Burbage, the leading actor of Shake- speare's company, was undoubtedly the first Hamlet. From the meagre accounts of his style of acting which have survived, we may infer that, like subsequent great interpreters of the part, he was distinguished for the ease and naturalness of his art. After the Restoration, Thomas Betterton achieved great fame in this role. He was instructed in his interpretation by Sir William Davenant, who had seen the Blackfriars' company act the play. Better- ton for the first time introduced scenery into Hamlet, and, if we are to trust the Quarto of 1676, established many of the traditions subsequently followed in acting versions. David Garrick was the leading interpreter of Hamlet during the middle portion of the eighteenth century. He first appeared in the part on November 16, 1734, and continued to play it many times until he left the stage in 1776. Garrick introduced altera- tions of his own into the text, the chief of which was the omission of the churchyard scene (V. i.), but he was not followed by others in this. The latter years of the eighteenth century saw what many to 182 The Tragedy of Hamlet, this day consider must have been the greatest Hamlet of them all^ John Philip Kemble^ with his sister, Mrs. Siddons, as Ophelia. Kemble restored the text as written by Shakespeare and abolished the Garrick innovations. The nineteenth century has witnessed, in England and America, a number of excellent Hamlets, of whom the best remembered are Edmund Kean, Macready, Samuel Phelps, Feehter, Edwin Booth, Sir Henry Irving, Wilson Barrett, Sir Herbert Tree, Martin Harvey, Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson, and E. H. Sothern. In addition to the list of famous Hamlets, many of the leading actresses have, at one time or another, played Gertrude or Ophelia. The most artistic and remarkable of the modern productions of Hamlet was that designed a few years ago by Gordon Craig for the Art Theatre in Moscow. Nor is there any indication that the popularity of this play upon the stage has dimmed. It still remains the test of the summit of achievement for the art of a tragic actor. APPENDIX C The Text Three versions of Hamlet have survived. These are: the Quarto^ of 1603; the Quarto of 1604; and the text of the First Folio (1623). All three of these texts differ from each other. Modern texts are based upon the Quarto of 1604 and the First Folio. The Quarto of 1603 offers many perplexing prob- lems. It is a brief ^ and mutilated text and the order of the scenes varies from that of the two accepted texts. The title-page is as follows: THE I Tragicall Historie of | HAMLET | Prince of Denmarke \ By William Shake-speare. | As it hath beene diuerse times acted by his Highnesse Ser- uants in the Cittie of London: as also in the two V- niuersities of Cambridge and Oxford, and else-where [Vignette] \ At London printed for N. L. and lohn Trundell. | 1603. It is probable that this text was a pirated edition based upon notes taken in shorthand during a perform- ance at the theatre. The differences, however, in the order of the scenes, the alteration in the conception of Gertrude's character, the almost total omission of the soliloquies, and the less subtle and elaborate dialogue throughout would seem to indicate that Hamlet was thoroughly revised before the publication of the second Quarto in 1604. Last of all, as tending to confirm this supposition, is the fact that certain of the characters appear under altered names in the 1 The text is published in Furness' Variorum Hamlet, vol. II. 2 It is about half the length of the Quarto of 1604. 184 The Tragedy of Hamlet, later text; Corambis becomes Polonius^ and Montano, Reynaldo.-'^ The text of the present edition is substantially that of Craig's Oxford Shakespeare (Oxford University Press). The departures from this are of three kinds: (1) the stage directions of the first Folio (1623) or of the second Quarto (1604) have been restored wherever these existed, additional stage directions not found in the two original texts being placed in square brackets; (2) passages or whole lines occurring in the second Quarto, but not in the first Folio, have been enclosed in square brackets; (3) in a few in- stances a return has been made to the reading of the first Folio when the editor was of the opinion that an emendation of the text was unnecessary. The following is a list of the alterations of the Craig text under (3), the words of the present text and of the first Folio preceding the colon, those of Craig's text following it. Minor changes of spelling and punctuation have not been noted. I. ii. 82 moods : modes I. ii. 190 Saw? Who?: Saw who? I. ii. 191 The king, my father?: The king, my father! I. ii. 200 Arm'd at all points: Armed at points I. ii. 216 it: its I. iii. 109 Roaming: Running I. iii. 130 bonds: bawds I. iv. 45 father, royal Dane; O! answer: father; royal Dane, O ! answer I. iv. 79 wafts: waves I. V. 107 My tables, my tables: My tables I. V. 133 hurling: whirling I. V. 174 or thus, head shake; or this head-shake II. ii. 45 God, one: God and II. ii. 324 in form and moving: in form, in moving II. ii. 388 [delete] 'very' 1 Of. also "Duke" and "Duchess" in place of King and Queen in The Murder of Oonzago; and "First Centinel" for Francisco. Prince of Denmark i85 Il.ii. 448 abridgments come: abridgment comes Il.ii. 462 my lord?: my good lord II. ii. 483 arms : arm III. i. 117 you: thee III. ii. 42 Avith us, sir: with us III. ii. 213 loves : love III. ii. 382 excellent : eloquent IV. vii. 92 Lamond : Lamord V.i.245 it: its V.ii.358 O good Horatio: O God! Horatio APPENDIX D Suggestions for Collateral Reading William Hazlitt in Characters of Shakespeare's Plays (1817). (Reprinted in Everyman's Library.) S. T. Coleridge in Lectures on Shakespeare, etc., 2 vols. (1849). (Reprinted in Everyman's Library.) Helena Faucit in Shakespeare's Female Characters, Ophelia, pp. 1-21 (1885. 7th ed. 1914). Mrs. Jameson in Characteristics of Women, Ophe- lia^ pp. 187-207. (New ed. Riverside Press, n. d.) John Corbin, The Elizabethan Hamlet (1895). A. C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy (1904). {Hamlet, Lectures III and IV.) Sidney Lee in Shakespeare and the Modern Stage (1906). Charlton M. Lewis, The Genesis of Hamlet (1907). Karl Werder, The Heart of Hamlet's Mystery, Eng. transl. (1907). Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedy, ed. by J. Schick (1907). (Temple Dramatists.) William Winter in Shakespeare on the Stage (1911), chap. V, Hamlet. W. F. Trench, Shakespeare's Hamlet (1913). Stopford A. Brooke in Ten More Plays of Shake- speare, chap, iv, Hamlet (1913). H. H. Furness, Variorum Hamlet, 2 vols. (1877). INDEX OF WORDS GLOSSED (Figures in full-faced type refer to page-numbers) a': 37 (II. i, 58) abatements: 123 (IV. vii. 120) about, my brain: 62 (II. ii. 625) abridgments: 56 (II. ii. 448) absolute: 131 (V. i. 149); 142 (V. ii. 112) abstracts: 60 (II. ii. 555) abus'd: 28 (I. v. 38) abuse: 121 (IV. vii. 50) act: 15 (I. ii. 205) action of battery: 130 (V. i. Ill) admiration: 15 (I. ii. 192) adulterate: 28 (I. v. 42) Eneas' tale to Dido: 57 (II. ii. 477) aery: 53 (II. ii. 362) affront: 64 (III. i. 31) afraid of goose-quills: 53 (II. ii. 367) against: 58 (II. ii. 513). See also ' 'gainst' aim: 109 (IV. v. 9) allowance: 72 (III. ii. 32) amber . . . gum: 47 (II. ii. 204) ambition: 89 (III. iii. 55) an: (on) 28 (I. v. 19) an if: 34 (I. v. 177) anchor's: 80 (III. ii. 231) and . . . again: 116 (IV. v. 189) angle: 140 (V. ii. 66) annexment: 87 (III. iii. 21) anoint: 124 (IV. vii. 140) anon: 58 (II. ii. 516) another tongue: 143 (V. ii. 132) ansv/er: 98 (III. iv. 176) antic: 34 (I. v. 172) apoplex'd: 94 (III. iv. 73) appliance: 103 (IV. iii. 10) appointment: 118 (IV. vi. 17) apprehension: 52 (II. ii. 326) approve: 2 (I. i. 29) approve me: 143 (V. ii. 142) appurtenance: 54 (II. ii. 397) apt: 28 (I. v. 31) are . . . that: 21 (I. iii. 74) argal: 127 (V. i. 13) argument: 53 (II. ii. 380); 108 (IV. iv. 54) arm: 88 (III. iii. 24) arrant: 32 (I. v. 124) arras: 46 (II. ii. 163) art and exercise: 122 (IV. vii. 97) artless: 109 (IV. v. 19) as . . . blood: 6 (I. i. 117) 'as'es: 139 (V. ii. 43) 'as most like it was': 56 (II. ii. 446) assay (noun) : 42 (II. ii. 71) assay (vb.) : 64 (III. i. 14) assays of bias: 37 (II. i. 65) assigns: 144 (V. ii. 157) assurance: 131 (V. i. 127) at ... fee: 26 (I. iv. 65) at foot: 105 (IV. iii. 57) attends: 87 (III. iii. 22) attent: 15 (I. ii. 193) 188 The Tragedy of Hamlet, attribute: 24 (I. iv. 22) audit: 90 (III. iii. 82) auspicious: 8 (I. ii. 11) authorities: 102 (IV. ii. 17) avouch: 3 (I. 1. 57) bak'd meats: 14 (I. ii. 180) bands: 9 (I. ii. 24) bare: 66 (III. i. 76) barren: 72 (III. ii. 47) bated: 139 (V. ii. 23) batten: 94 (III. iv. 67) bawdry: 59 (II. ii. 531) be bless'd: 98 (III. iv. 171) be idle: 74 (III. ii. 95) bear: 103 (IV. iii. 7) beaten way: 50 (II. ii. 282) beating: 70 (III. i. 183) beautified: 44 (II. ii. 109) beaver: 16 (I. ii. 229) beck: 68 (III. i. 129) bedded: 96 (III. iv. 120) beetles: 26 (I. iv. 71) beget: 71 (III. ii. 8) beggars' bodies: 50 (II. ii. 274) behove: 129 (V. i. 71) bend: 12 (I. ii. 115) be-netted: 139 (V. ii. 29) bent: 86 (III. ii. 409); 105 (IV. iii. 48) berattle: 53 (II. ii. 365) beshrew: 39 (II. i. 113) bespeak: 45 (II. ii. 140) bestial oblivion: 107 (IV. iv. 40) bestowed: 60 (II. ii. 554) beteem: 13 (I. ii. 141) better proposer: 51 (II. ii. 303) between who?: 47 (II. ii. 198) bilboes: 138 (V. ii. 6) bisson rheum: 59 (II. ii. 537) blank: 101 (IV. i. 42) blanks: 80 (III. ii. 232) blast in proof: 125 (IV. vii. 154) blasted: 70 (III. i. 169) blastments: 19 (I. iii. 42) blench: 63 (II. ii. 634) bloat: 98 (III. iv. 182) blood: 73 (III. ii. 74) blown: 69 (III. i. 168) board: 46 (II. ii. 170) bodkin: 66 (III. i. 76) bore: 118 (IV. vi. 28) bore arms: 127 (V. i. 37) borne in hand: 42 (II. ii. 67) borrow'd sheen: 77 (III. ii. 169) bourn: 66 (III. i. 79) brainish apprehension: 100 (IV. i. 11) branches: 127 (V. i. 12) brass'd: 92 (III. iv. 37) brave: 51 (II. ii. 319) bravery: 141 (V. ii. 79) breathing time: 144 (V. ii. 181) broad: 91 (III. iv. 2) broad blown: 90 (III. iii. 81) brokers: 22 (I. iii. 127) brow of woe: 8 (I. ii. 4) bruit: 12 (I. ii. 127) bugs . . . life: 139 (V. ii. 22) bulk: 39 (II. i. 95) burning zone: 137 (V. i. 306) but: 62 (II. ii. 613) buttons: 19 (I. iii. 40) buys out: 89 (III. iii. 60) buzz, buzz: 55 (II. ii. 421) buzzers: 112 (IV. v. 90) by Gis: 111 (IV. v. 59) by 'r lady: 56 (II. ii. 454) by the card: 131 (V. i. 150). See also 'card' call 't in question: 117 (IV. V. 217) Prince of Denmark 189 candied: 73 (III. ii. 65) canker: 19 (I. iii. 39) canon: 13 (I. ii. 132) canoniz'd: 25 (I. iv. 47) can well: 122 (IV. vii. 84) capable: 96 (III. iv. 126) capable of: 71 (III. ii. 13) cap-a-pe: 15 (I. ii. 200) capital: 119 (IV. vii. 7) Capitol: 75 (III. ii. 110) card: 142 (V. ii. 115) carriage: 5 (I. i. 94) carriages: 144 (V. ii. 158) carry it away: 54 (II. ii. 385) cart: 77 (III. ii. 167) cast: (founding) 4 (I. i. 73); (tinge) 67 (III. i. 85) cast away: 116 (IV. v. 197) cast beyond: 39 (II. i. 115) casual: 153 (V. ii. 396) cataplasm: 124 (IV. vii. 143) cautel: 18 (I. iii. 15) caviare . . . general: 57 (II. ii. 466) cease: 87 (III. iii. 15) censure: 20 (I. iii. 69); 74 (III. ii. 92) centre: 46 (II. ii. 159) cerements: 25 (I. iv. 48) challenger on mount: 120 (IV. vii. 28) chameleon's dish: 74 (III. ii. 98) changeling: 140 (V. ii. 53) chanson: 56 (II. ii. 447) chapless: 130 (V. i. 97) character (noun): 121 (IV. vii. 51) character (vb.) : 20 (I. iii. 59) charge: (command) 94 (III. iv. 86); (expense) 108 (IV. iv. 47) chariest: 19 (I. iii. 36) checking at: 121 (IV. vii. 62) choler: 83 (III. ii. 320) chopine: 56 (II. ii. 455) chorus: 81 (III. ii. 259) chough: 141 (V. ii. 90) cicatrice: 105 (IV. iii. 63) circumstance: 22 (I. iii. 102) Claudio: 120 (IV. vii. 40) clepe: 24 (I. iv. 19) climatures: 6 (I. i. 125) closely: 64 (III. i. 29) closes: 37 (II. i. 45) closet: 38 (II. i. 77) clout: 59 (II. ii. 537) clown: 52 (II. ii. 345) clowns: 126 (V. i., S. d.) cock: 7 (I. i. 150) Cock: 111 (IV. V. 62) cockle hat: 110 (IV. v. 25) collateral: 117 (IV. v. 206) coUeagued: 9 (I. ii. 21) collection: 109 (IV. v. 9) colour: 51 (II. ii. 296) columbines: 116 (IV. v. 179) combined: 28 (I. v. 18) come, bird, come: 31 (I. v. 116) come tardy off: 72 (III. ii. 29) comma: 139 (V. ii. 42) commerce: 68 (III. i. 110) common (adj.): 11 (I. ii. 72) common (vb.): 116 (IV. v. 202) common players: 53 (II. ii. 373) common stages: 53 (II. ii. 365) commutual: 77 (III. ii. 172) compare with: 143 (V. ii. 146) compass: 85 (III. ii. 391) complexion: 24 (I. iv. 27) comply: 54 (II. ii. 399) compulsative: 5 (I. i. 103) 190 The Tragedy of Hamlet, conceit: 61 (II. ii. 587) conception: 47 (II. ii. 187) concernancy: 143 (V. ii. 129) conclusions: 99 (III. iv. 195) condolement: 11 (I. ii. 93) confederate: 81 (III. ii. 271) confess thyself: 128 (V. i. 44) confession: 122 (IV. vii. 95) confine: 7 (I. i. 155) confront: 88 (III. iii. 47) confusion: 63 (III. i. 2) conjoin'd: 96 (III. iv. 125) conjunctive: 119 (IV. vii. 14) conjure: 51 (II. ii. 300) conscience: 66 (III. i. 83) consequence: 37 (II. i. 45) consider'd: 43 (II. ii. 81) consonancy of youth: 51 (II. ii. 301) continent: 108 (IV. iv. 64) contraction: 93 (III. iv. 46) convert: 96 (III. iv. 127) conveyance: 106 (IV. iv. 3) ; 130 (V. i. 120) convocation: 104 (IV. iii. 21) convoy: 18 (I. iii. 3) cop'd withal: 73 (III. ii. 60) coronet: 125 (IV. vii. 173) corse: 12 (I. ii. 105) coted: 52 (II. ii. 338) counsel: 77 (III. ii. 153) count (noun) : 119 (IV. vii. 17) count (vb.): 141 (V. ii. 78) countenance: 102 (IV. ii. 17) counter: 113 (IV. v. 110) counterfeit presentment: 93 (III. iv. 54) cozenage: 140 (V. ii. 67) cozen'd: 94 (III. iv. 77) cracked . . . ring: 56 (II. ii. 457) Grants: 135 (V. i. 256) credent: 19 (I. iii. 30) crescent: 18 (I. iii. 11) cried in the top of: 57 (II. ii. 468) cries on havoc: 152 (V. ii. 378) cross: 6 (I. i. 127) crow-flowers: 125 (IV. vii. 170) crowner: 126 (V. i. 4) cry: 82 (III. ii. 294) cry . . . question: 53 (II. ii. 363) cuckold: 113 (IV. v. 118) cue: 61 (II. ii. 595) cuflFs: 53 (II. ii. 381) cunning: 57 (II. ii. 470) cunnings: 125 (IV. vii. 155) curb and w^oo: 97 (III. iv. 155) curiously: 134 (V. i. 228) currents: 67 (III. i. 87) cut-purse: 95 (III. iv. 99) daisy: 116 (IV. v. 183) Damon: 82 (III. ii. 297) Dane, the: 9 (I. ii. 44) Danskers: 35 (II. i. 7) dear concernings: 98 (III. iv. 191) dear to fancy: 144 (V. ii. 159) dearest: 14 (I. ii. 182) debate: 107 (IV. iv. 26) declension: 45 (II. ii. 149) deed: 19 (I. iii. 27) deer go weep: 82 (III. ii. 287) defeat: 62 (II. ii. 606) defeated: 8 (I. ii. 10) defence: 122 (IV. vii. 97) definement: 142 (V. ii. 118) delated: 9 (I. ii. 38) delicate: 144 (V. ii. 160) Prince of Denmark 191 delver: 127 (V. i. 15) demands: 35 (II. i. 12) denote: 11 (I. ii. 83) deprive . . . reason: 26 (I. iv. 73) design'd: 5 (I. i. 94) dexterity: 13 (I. ii. 157) diameter: 101 (IV. i. 41) difference: 94 (III. iv. 76); 116 (IV. V. 183) differences: 142 (V. ii. 113) digested: 57 (II. ii. 469) directions: 37 (II. i. 66) disappointed: 30 (I. v. 77) disasters: 6 (I. i. 118) disclos'd: 19 (I. iii. 40) disclose: 70 (III. i. 175) discourse of reason: 13 (I. ii. 150) discovery: 51 (II. ii. 312) disjoint: 9 (I. ii. 20) dismantled: 82 (III. ii. 298) dispatch'd: 30 (I. v. 75) disposition: 14 (I. ii. 169) dispriz'd: 66 (III. i. 72) distempered: 83 (III. ii. 317) distill'd: 15 (I. ii. 204) distracted: 103 (IV. iii. 4) distracted globe: 30 (I. v. 97) divide inventoriaUy: 142 (V. ii. 119) divulging: 101 (IV. i. 22) do . . . grace: 6 (I. 1. 131) document: 116 (IV. v. 177) dole: 8 (I. ii. 13) doom: 93 (III. iv. 50) double: 20 (I. iii. 53) doublet: 38 (II. i. 78) doubtful: 34 (I. v. 175); 135 (V. i. 251) douts: 126 (IV. vii. 192) down-gyved: 38 (II. i. 80) dozen or sixteen lines: 60 (II. ii. 573) drab: 62 (II. ii. 623) drabbing: 36 (II. i. 26) dram of eale: 24 (I. iv. 36) draw on more: 153 (V. ii. 406) dread my lord: 10 (I. ii. 50) dream of his advantage: 9 (I. ii. 21) drift of circumstance: 63 (III. i. 1) dropping: 8 (I. ii. 11) drossy: 145 (V. ii. 197) ducats: 54 (II. ii. 391) duke's name: 80 (III. 11. 252) dull thy palm: 20 (I. iii. 64) dumb-show enters, the: 76 (III. ii., S. d.) dupp'd: 111 (IV. V. 54) eager: 23 (I. iv. 2); 29 (I. V. 69) ear: 93 (III. iv. 64) ecstasy: 39 (II. i. 102) edge: 64 (III. i. 26) effects: 89 (III. iii. 54); 96 (III. iv. 128) eisel: 137 (V. i. 300) election: 73 (III. ii. 69); 140 (V. ii. 65) emulate: 4 (I. i. 83) enactures: 79 (III. ii. 209) encompassment : 35 (II. i. 10) encounter: 46 (II. 11. 164) encumber'd: 34 (I. v. 174) ends: 79 (III. ii. 225) engaged: 89 (III. iii. 69) enginer: 99 (III. iv. 206) enlarg'd: 135 (V. i. 250) enseamed: 95 (III. iv. 92) entreatments : 22 (I. iii. 122) enviously: 109 (IV. v. 6) erring: 7 (I. i. 154) escoted: 53 (II. ii. 370) espials: 64 (III. i. 32) essentially: 98 (III. iv. 187) estate: 134 (V. i. §45) 192 The Tragedy of Hamlet, estimation: 53 (II. ii. 357) eternal blazon: 28 (I. v. 21) even: 51 (II. ii. 304); 127 (V. i. 32) event: 107 (IV. iv. 41) exception: 147 (V. ii. 245) excitements: 108 (IV. iv. 58) exercise: 65 (III. i. 45) expectancy: 69 (III. i. 161) expostulate: 43 (II. ii. 86) express: 52 (II. ii. 325) express'd in fancy: 20 (I. iii. 71) extent: 54 (II. ii. 399) extravagant: 7 (I. i. 154) eyases: 53 (II. ii. 363) faculty: 51 (II. ii. 324) fair: ioi (IV. i. 36) faUs: 121 (IV. vii. 70) false fire: 82 (III. ii. 282) false steward: 115 (IV. v. 171) familiar: 20 (I. iii. 61) famous ape: 99 (III. iv. 194) fantasy: 2 (I. i. 23) fardels: 66 (III. i. 76) fashion: 18 (I. iii. 6) fashion of himself: 70 (III. i. 184) fat: 149 (V. ii. 301) fat weed: 28 (I. v. 32) fatness: 97 (III. iv. 153) favour: 116 (IV. v. 188); 133 (V. i. 215) fav: 50 (II. ii. 3T6) fear: 87 (III. in. 8) feature: 69 (III. i. 168) fee: 42 (II. ii. 73) feU: 58 (II. ii. 503) fell-incensed: 140 (V. ii. 61) fell out: 44 (II. ii. 127) feUies: 59 (II. ii. 525) fellowship: 82 (III. ii. 294) fennel: 116 (IV. v. 179) fetch of warrant: 36 (II. i. 38) figure: 43 (II. ii. 98) find: 70 (III. i. 194) fine: 57 (II. ii. 476); 115 (IV. V. 160); 130 (V. i. 116) fines: 130 (V. i. 115) finger'd: 138 (V. ii. 15) fishmonger: 46 (II. ii. 174) flaw: 134 (V. i. 240) flights: 152 (V. ii. 374) flood: 26 (I. iv. 69) flourish: 54 (II. ii. 394) flourishes: 43 (II. ii. 91) flush: 90 (III. iii. 81) flushing: 13 (I. ii. 155) foil: 147 (V. ii. 2Q9) foil and target: 52 (II. ii. 343) fond: 30 (I. v. 99) fond and winnowed: 145 (V, ii. 201) for a need: 60 (II. ii. 573) for . . . diet: 5 (I. i. 99) for . . . joy: 116 (IV. v. 186) for the nonce: 125 (IV. vii. 160) for this many a day: 67 (III. i. 91) forbear: 137 (V. i. 297) forc'd: 11 (I. ii. 79); 153 (V. ii. 397) forcing of his disposition: 64 (III. i. 12) fordoes: 39 (II. i. 103) forest of feathers: 82 (III. ii. 291) forestalled: 89 (III. iii. 49) forgeries: 36 (II. i. 20) forget myself: 14 (I. ii. 161) forms: 61 (II. ii. 591) forthwith dispatch: 87 (III. iii. 3) Prince of Denmark 193 fortune's star: 24 (I. iv. 32) forward: 18 (I. iii. 8); 63 (III. i. 7) frame: 9 (I. ii. 20) ; 83 (III. ii. 326) frankly: 64 (III. i. 34) free: 50 (II. ii. 290); 61 (II. ii. 598) free awe: 105 (IV. iii. 64) fret: 85 (III. ii. 395) fretted: 51 (II. ii. 320) friends . . . Dane: 1 (I. i. 15) from: 71 (III. ii. 24) front: 93 (III. iv. 6Q) fruit: 42 (II. ii. 52) fruitful: 11 (I. ii. 80) full of bread: 90 (III. iii. 80) function: 61 (II. ii. 590) fust: 107 (IV. iv. 39) gaged: 5 (I. i. 91) gain-giving: 146 (V. ii. 227) 'gainst that: 7 (I. i. 158) gait: 9 (I. ii. 31) galled: 13 (I. ii. 155) galled jade: 81 (III. ii. 256) galls: 19 (I. iii. 39) gambol: 97 (III. iv. 144) garb: 54 (II. ii. 399) gates and alleys: 29 (I. v. 67) general gender: 119 (IV. vii. 18) gentry: 40 (II. ii. 22) german: 144 (V. ii. 165) gib: 98 (III. iv. 190) gilded hand: 89 (III. iii. 58) give benefit: 18 (I. iii. 2) give o'er: 82 (III. ii. 284) give them seals: 86 (III. ii. 424) give to negligence: 114 (IV. V. 133) give us pause: 66 (III. i. 68) give you: 1 (I. i. 16) glass: 69 (III. i. 162) glimpses of the moan: 25 (I. iv. 53) glow: 93 (III. iv. 48) go hard but: 99 (III. iv. 207) goblin: 25 (I. iv. 40) God 'ild: 110 (IV. v. 42) God's bodikins: 60 (II. ii. 561) golden couplets: 137 (V. i. 311) good kissing: 47 (II. ii. 184) good now: 4 (I. i. 70) grace: 97 (III. iv. 144); 114 (IV. V. 131) graces: 10 (I. ii. 63) gracious: 7 (I. i. 164); 65 (III. i. 43) grained: 94 (III. iv. 90) grating: 63 (III. i. 3) great amiss: 109 (IV. v. 18) great article: 142 (V. ii. 123) green: 22 (I. iii. 101) greenly: 112 (IV. v. 83) grizzled: 17 (I. ii. 239) gross and scope: 4 (I. i. 68) groundlings: 71 (III. ii. 12) gules: 57 (II. ii. 488) gulf: 87 (III. iii. 16) gyves: 119 (IV. vii. 21) habit: 96 (III. iv. 134) halt: 52 (II. ii. 348) handsaw: 54 (II. ii. 407) handsome: 57 (II. ii. 475) hangers: 144 (V. ii. 157) happily: 6 (I. i. 134) happiness: 48 (II. ii. 217) haps: 106 (IV. iii. 71) hard: 10 (I. ii. 60) hatchment: 117 (IV. v. 214) hautboys: 76 (III. ii., S. d.) have an eye of you: 51 (II. ii. 308) 194 The Tragedy of Hamlet, have nothing with: 74 (Til. ii. 101) haviour: 11 (I. ii. 81) head: 5 (I. i. 106); 112 (TV. V. 101)' health: 122 (IV. vii. 81) hearsed: 25 (I. iv. 47) heat: 91 (III. iv. 4) heaves: 100 (IV. i. 1) hea\y: 100 (IV. i. 12) hebona: 29 (I. v. 62) Hecate: 81 (III. ii. 273) hectic: 106 (IV. iii. 69) Hecuba: 59 (II. ii. 532) hent: 90 (III. iii. 88) Hercules and his load: 54 (II. ii. 386) hey-day: 94 (III. iv. 69) hey non nonny: 115 (IV. v. 164) hie et ubique: 33 (I. v. 156) hide fox, and all after: 103 (IV. ii. 32) hies: 7 (I. i. 154) hiUo, ho, ho: 31 (I. v. 115) hire and salary: 90 (III. iii. 79) his: 2 (I. i. 37) hoar: 125 (IV. vii. 168) hobby-horse: 76 (III. ii. 144) hoist: 99 (III. iv. 207) hollow: 79 (III. ii. 220) honest: 67 (III. i. 103) honest ghost: 32 (I. v. 138) honesty: 47 (II. ii. 207) hoodman-blind: 94 (III. iv. 77) horrible: 30 (I. v. 80) horrid: 61 (II. ii. 597) hot and full: 5 (I. i. 96) house of sale: 37 (II. i. 60) humorous man: 52 (II. ii. 344) hurling: 32 (I. v. 133) husbandry: 21 (I. iii. 77) Hyperion: 13 (I. ii. 140) Hyrcanian: 57 (II. ii. 481) I distrust vou: 78 (III. ii. 177) ill at: 44 (II. ii. 119) ill-breeding: 109 (IV. v. 15) image: 80 (III. ii. 251) immediate: 12 (I. ii. 109) impart: 12 (I. ii. 112) impartment: 25 (I. iv. 59) impasted: 57 (II. ii. 490) implorators: 23 (I. iii. 129) imponed: 143 (V. ii. 155) important: 95 (III. iv. 108) importing: 9 (I. ii. 23) imports: 77 (III. ii. 150) importunate: 108 (IV. v. 2) imposthume: 107 (IV. iv. 27) impress: 4 (I. i. 75) impression: 140 (V. ii. 52) imputation: 143 (V. ii. 149) in: 137 (V. i. 318) in clouds: 112 (IV. v. 89) in doubt: 109 (IV. v. 6) in ear and ear: 112 (IV. v. 94) in . . . extremity: 78 (III. ii. 180) in few: 22 (I. iii. 126) in fine: 42 (II. ii. 69) in happy time: 145 (V. ii. 214) in his eye: 106 (IV. iv. 6) in hugger-mugger: 112 (IV. V. 84) in little: 54 (II. ii. 392) in . . . love: 129 (V. i. 69) in our circumstance and course: 90 (III. iii. 83) in the full bent: 41 (II. ii. 30) in . . . tricks: 122 (IV. vii. 89) i' the sun: 10 (I. ii. 67) Prince of Denmark 195 incapable: 125 (IV. vii. 179) inclination in yourself: 38 (11. i. 71) incontinency: 36 (II. i. 30) incorporal: 96 (III. iv. 117) incorps'd and demi-natur'd: 122 (IV. vii. 87) indentures: 130 (V. i. 119) index: 93 (III. iv. 52) indict: 57 (II. ii. 473) indifferent: 48 (II. ii. 335); 68 (III. i. 126) indirections: 37 (II. i. 66) indu'd: 126 (IV. vii. 180) inexplicable dumb-shows : 71 (III. ii. 14) infants: 19 (I. iii. 39) infusion: 142 (V. ii. 123) ingenious: 136 (V. i. 272) inhibition: 53 (II. ii. 355) innovation: 53 (II. ii. 356) inoculate: 68 (III. i. 121) insinuation: 140 (V. ii. 59) instance: 115 (IV. v. 161) instances: 78 (III. ii. 194) instant: 29 (I. v. 71) instrumental: 10 (I. ii. 48) interpret: 81 (III. ii. 260) Intil: 129 (V. i. 81) inurn'd: 25 (I. iv. 49) investments: 22 (I. iii. 128) issue: 27 (I. iv. 89) it ... to: 3 (I. i. 45) it (its): 16 (I. ii. 216) jealousy: 39 (II. i. 113) Jephthah: 55 (II. ii. 431) jig: 59 (II. ii. 530) John-a-dreams: 61 (II. ii. 603) jointress: 8 (I. ii. 9) journeymen: 72 (III. ii. 38) jowls: 129 (V. i. 84) Julius Caesar: 75 (III. ii. 109) jump: 4 (I. i. 65) just: 73 (III. ii. 59) keep: 35 (II. i. 8) keeps wassail: 23 (I. iv. 9) kettle: 148 (V. ii. 289) kibe: 132 (V. i. 154) kin . , . kind: 10 (I. ii. 65) kindless: 62 (II. ii. 617) knotted: 28 (I. v. 18) know no touch: 85 (III. ii. 378) knowing: 119 (IV. vii. 3) laps'd in time and passion: 95 (III. iv. 107) lapwing: 145 (V. ii. 193) larded: 110 (IV. v. 38) large discourse: 107 (IV. iv. 36) law and heraldry: 4 (I. i. 87) law of writ and the liberty: 55 (II. ii. 429) lav home: 91 (III. iv. 1) lazar-like: 29 (I. v. 72) leans on: 105 (IV. iii. 60) leave: 37 (II. i. 51) leave and favour: 10 (I. ii. leave and pardon: 10 (I. ii. 56) lecture: 37 (II. i. 67) lenten: 52 (II. ii. 337) leperous: 29 (I. v. 64) Lethe: 28 (I. v. 33) lets: 26 (I. iv. 85) level: 101 (IV. i. 42) liberal: 125 (IV. vii. 171) liberal conceit: 144 (V. ii. 160) lies: 89 (III. iii. 61) life in excrements: 96 (III. iv. 120) life-rendering pelican : 114 (IV. V. 145) lightness: 45 (II. ii. 149) likelihood: 134 (V. i. 231) limed: 89 (III. iii. 68) liquid dew: 19 (I. iii. 41) 196 The Tragedy of Hamlet, list (noun): 5 (I. i. 98); 112 (IV. V. 99) list (vb.): 19 (I. iii. 30) livery: 122 (IV. vii. 79) living: 138 (V. i. 321) loggats: 130 (V. i. 101) long . . . king: 1 (I. i. 3) long purples: 125 (IV. vii. 170) lose your voice: 9 (I. ii. 45) luxury: 30 (I. v. 83) machine: 44 (II. ii. 123) made milch: 60 (II. ii. 548) main: 42 (II. ii. 56); 106 (IV. iv. 15) make oppression bitter: 62 (II. ii. 614) make your wantonness your ignorance: 69 (III. i. 154) mandate: 99 (III. iv. 204) margent: 144 (V. ii. 162) mark: 3 (I. i. 43) market: 107 (IV. iv. 34) marry: 21 (I. iii. 90) marshal: 99 (III. iv. 205) mart: 4 (I, i. 74) master: 98 (III. iv. 169) masterly report: 122 (IV. vii. 96) matm: 30 (I. v. 89) matter: 47 (II. ii. 197); 58 (II. ii. 511) mazzard: 130 (V. i. 97) means: 44 (II. ii. 127); 117 (IV. V. 213) meed: 143 (V. ii. 149) meet: 34 (I. v. 171) merely: 13 (I. ii. 137) mess: 141 (V. ii. 90) metal: 75 (III. ii. 117) miching mallecho: 77 (III. ii. 148) mine ease: 142 (V. ii. 110) mineral: 101 (IV. i. 26) mining: 97 (III. iv. 148) ministers of grace: 25 (I. iv. 39) mobled: 59 (II. ii. 533) model: 140 (V. ii. 50) modesty: 57 (II. ii. 470) moiety competent: 5 (I. i. 90) moist star: 6 (I. i. 118) mole: 24 (I. iv. 24) moon: 124 (IV. vii. 145) mope: 94 (III. iv. 81) moor: 94 (III. iv. 67) more above: 44 (II. ii. 126) more . . . love: 39 (II. i. 119) more rawer: 143 (V. ii. 130) mortal coil: 66 (III. i. 67) mote: 5 (I. i. 112) motion: 94 (III. iv. 72); 125 (IV. vii. 157) mould: 69 (III. i. 162) mountebank: 124 (IV. vii. 141) mouth: 71 (III. ii. 3) mouths: 108 (IV. iv. 50) move: 78 (III. ii. 194) mows: 54 (II. ii. 390) much: 109 (IV. v. 13) muddied: 111 (IV. v. 81) muddy-mettled: 61 (II. ii. 602) murdering-piece : 112 (IV. V. 95) mutes: 76 (III. ii., S. d.) mutine: 94 (III. iv. 83) mutines: 138 (V. ii. 6) my will: 114 (IV. v. 136) naked: 120 (IV. vii. 44) napkin: 149 (V. ii. 302) native: 10 (I. ii. 47) native hue: 67 (III. i. 84) nature's livery: 24 (I. iv. 32) naught: 77 (III. ii. 158) nave: 59 (II. ii. 526) neighbour'd . . . humour: 40 (II. ii. 12) Prince of Denmark 197 neither: 142 (V. ii. 121) Nemean lion's: 26 (I. iv. 83) Nero: 86 (III. ii. 419) nerve: 26 (I. iv. 83) neutral, a: 58 (II. ii. 511) nickname: 69 (III. i. 153) niggard of question: 64 (III. i. 13) Niobe: 13 (I. ii. 149) no addition: 106 (IV. iv. 17) nomination: 143 (V. ii. 134) note: 34 (I. v. 178) nothing: 109 (IV. v. 13); 112 (IV. V. 93) noyance: 87 (III. iii. 13) numbers: 44 (II. ii. 119) obscure: 117 (IV. v. 213) obsequious: 11 (I. ii. 92) occasion: 20 (I. iii. 54) occulted: 74 (III. ii. 85) occurrents: 152 (V. ii. 371) o'er-crows: 152 (V. ii. 367) o'er-leavens : 24 (I. iv. 29) o'ermaster 't: 32 (I. v. 140) o'er-offices: 129 (V. i. 87) o'er-raught: 64 (III. i. 17) o'er-sized: 58 (II. ii. 493) o'er-teemed: 59 (II. ii. 539) o'ertook in 's rouse: 37 (II. i. 58) of general assault: 36 (II. i. m of so young days: 40 (II. ii. 11) of vantage: 88 (III. iii. 33) office: 66 (III. i. 73) ominous horse: 57 (II. ii. 485) on . . . button: 49 (II. ii. 237) on 't: 69 (III. i. 155) open'd: 40 (II. ii. 18) operant: 78 (III. ii. 186) opposite: 80 (III. ii. 232) opposites: 140 (V. ii. 62) orchard: 28 (I. v. 35) ordinant: 140 (V. ii. 48) organ: 85 (III. ii. 392); 121 (IV. vii. 70) orisons: 67 (III. i. 89) ostentation: 117 (IV. v. 215) our shape: 124 (IV. vii. 150) out of haunt: 100 (IV. i. 18) out of thy star: 45 (II. ii. 141) out-herods Herod: 71 (III. ii. 16) outstretched: 50 (II. ii. 275) overlooked: 118 (IV. vi. 13) overpeering: 112 (IV. v. 99) owl was a baker's daughter: 110 (IV. V. 42) paddling: 98 (III. iv. 185) paddock: 98 (III. iv. 190) painted tyrant: 58 (II. ii. 510) pajock: 82 (III. ii. 300) pales: 24 (I. iv. 28) paU: 138 (V. ii. 9) palmy state: 5 (I. i. 113) panders: 94 (III. iv. 88) pansies: 115 (IV. v. 176) parle: 3 (I. i. 62) part: 75 (III. ii. Ill); 122 (IV. vii. 76) particular: 11 (I. ii. 75) partisan: 6 (I. i. 140) pass of practice: 124 (IV. vii. 138) passage: 90 (III. iii. 86) passages of proof: 123 (IV. vii. 112) passing: 55 (II. ii. 436) passion: 116 (IV. v. 187) patience: 75 (III. ii. 114) peace-parted: 135 (V. i. 262) peak: 61 (II. ii. 602) peasant: 61 (II. ii. 584) Pelion: 136 (V. i. 277) perdition: 142 (V. ii. 118) perdy: 83 (III. u. 310) 198 The Tragedy of Hamlet^ periwig-pated: 71 (III. ii. 10) perpend: 44 (II. ii. 105) perusal: 38 (II. i. 90) peruse: 124 (IV. vii. 136) petar: 99 (III. iv. 207) physic: 90 (III. iii. 96) picked: 131 (V. i. 152) pickers and stealers: 84 (III. ii. 355) piece: 2 (I. i. 19) pigeon-liver'd: 62 (II. ii. 613) pioner: 33 (I. v. 163) pious action: 65 (III. i. 48) pith and moment: 67 (III. i. 86) place: 19 (I. iii. 26) planets strike: 7 (I. i. 162) platform: 1 (I. i., S. d.) plausive: 24 (I. iv. 30) Plautus: 55 (II. ii. 429) play: 123 (IV. vii. 105) pledge: 23 (I. iv. 12) plurisy: 123 (IV. vii. 117) ply his music: 38 (II. i. 73) pocky: 132 (V. i. 182) poem unlimited: 55 (II. ii. 428) policy: 41 (II. ii. 47) politic: 104 (IV. iii. 21) poU: 116 (IV. V. 195) porpentine: 28 (I. v. 20) posset: 29 (I. v. 68) post: 13 (I. ii. 156) posy: 77 (III. ii. 163) powers: 106 (IV. iv. 9) pox: 81 (III. ii. 267) practice: 121 (IV. vii. 67) praises . . . again: 120 (IV. vii. 27) precedent: 95 (III. iv. 98) precepts: 20 (I. iii. 58) precurse: 6 (I. i. 121) pregnant: 48 (II. ii. 216) pregnant hinges: 73 (III. ii. prenominate: 37 (II. i. 43) presence: 147 (V. ii. 242) present push: 138 (V. i. 319) presently: 46 (II. ii. 170) pressure: 72 (III. ii. 28) pressures: 31 (I. v. 100) prevent: 51 (II. ii. 312) prick'd on: 4 (I. i. 83) primal: 88 (III. iii. 37) primrose path: 20 (I. iii. 50) primy: 18 (I. iii. 7) private time: 21 (I. iii. 92) probation: 7 (I. i. 156) process: 28 (I. v. 37); 88 (III. iii. 29) ; 105 (IV. iu. 66) progress: 104 (IV. iii. 34) prologue: 6 (I. i. 123) prologue . . . play: 139 (V. ii. 30) pronounce: 83 (III. ii. 328) pronounc'd: 59 (II. ii. 542) proof and bulwark: 92 (III. iv. 38) proof eterne: 58 (II. ii. 520) property: 39 (II. i. 103); 62 (II. ii. 605) property of easiness: 129 (V. i. 75) proportions: 9 (I. ii. 32) prosperously: 48 (II. ii. 218) protest: 80 (III. ii. 242) providence: 100 (IV. i. 17) Provincial roses: 82 (III. ii. 293) puff'd: 20 (I. iii. 49) purgation: 83 (III. ii. 323) purging: 47 (II. ii. 203) pursu'd: 119 (IV. vii. 5) pursy: 97 (III. iv. 153) put on: 21 (I. iii. 94); 35 (II. i. 19); 124 (IV. vii. 131) quaintly: 36 (II. i. 31) Prince of Denmark 199 quality: 50 (II. ii. 273) ; 53 (II. ii. 3T1) quantity: 78 (III. ii. 179) quantity of choice: 94 (III. iv. 75) quarry: 152 (V. ii. 378) quest: 127 (V. i. 24) questionable: 25 (I. iv. 43) quiddities: 130 (V. i. 107) quietus: 66 (III. i. 75) quillets: 130 (V. i. 108) quintessence: 52 (II. ii. 328) quit: 148 (V. ii. 283) quoted: 39 (II. i. 112) rack: 58 (II. ii. 514) range: 87 (III. iii. 2) rank: 36 (II. i. 20) ranker: 107 (IV. iv. 22) razed: 82 (III. ii. 293) reach: 37 (II. i. 64) reaches: 25 (I. iv. 56) reason: 50 (II. ii. 277) reckon: 44 (II. ii. 120) reckoning: 30 (I. v. 78) recks: 20 (I. iii. 51) recognizances: 130 (V. i. 113) recorders: 83 (III. ii. 308) recover the wind of: 85 (III. ii. 368) recoveries: 130 (V. i. 116) rede: 20 (I. iii. 51) reechy: 98 (III. iv. 184) regard: 67 (III. i. 87) regards . . . allowance: 43 (II. ii. 79) region: 58 (II. ii. 517) region kites: 62 (II. ii. 615) relative: 63 (II. ii. 641) relish (noun): 90 (III. iii. 92) relish (vb.) : 68 (III. i. 122) remember: 142 (V. ii. lOS) remove: 111 (IV. v. 81) repair: 118 (IV. vi. 24) repast: 114 (IV. v. 146) replication: 102 (IV. ii. 13) repugnant to: 58 (II. ii. 501) residence: 52 (II. ii. 353) resolutes: 5 (I. i. 98) resolve: 13 (I. ii. 130) respect: 68 (III. i. 68) responsive: 144 (V. ii. 159) rests: 89 (III. iii. 64) retroirrade: 12 (I. ii. 114) reverted: 120 (IV. vii. 23) re-word: 97 (III. iv. 143) rhapsody of words: 93 (III. iv. 48) Rhenish: 23 (I. iv. 10) riband: 122 (IV. vii. 77) right: 116 (IV. v. 203) rights of memory: 153 (V. ii. 403) rivals: 1 (I. i. 13) robustious: 71 (III. ii. 10) romage: 5 (I. i. 107) Roman: 151 (V. ii. 355) rood: 91 (III. iv. 14) Roscius: 55 (II. ii. 419) rosemary: 115 (IV. v. 174) round: 45 (II. ii. 139) rouse: 12 (I. ii. 127) row: 56 (II. ii. 447) rub: 66 (III. i. 65) rue: 116 (IV. v. 180) sable: 17 (I. ii. 241) Saint Patrick: 32 (I. v. 136) sallets . . . savoury: 57 (II. ii. 471) sans: 94 (III. iv. 79) satisfied in nature: 147 (V. ii. 258) sat on: 126 (V. i. 4) saws: 31 (I. v. 100) 'Sblood: 54 (II. ii. 392) scann'd: 90 (III. iii. 75) scene individable: 55 (II. ii. 427) scholar: 3 (I. i. 42) sconce: 130 (V. i. 110) 200 The Tragedy of Hamlet, scourge: 103 (IV. iii. 6) scrirners: 123 (IV. vii. 100) scuUion: 62 (11. ii. 624) sea-gown: 138 (V. ii. 13) season: 15 (I. ii. 192) seeming: 74 (III. ii. 92) seiz'd of: 4 (I. i. 89) semblable: 142 (V. ii. 125) Seneca: 55 (II. ii. 428) sense: 92 (III. iv. 38); 94 (III. iv. 71) senseless: 58 (II. ii. 504) sensible: 3 (I. i. 57) sensibly: 115 (IV. v. 149) se offendendo: 127 (V. i. 9) sergeant: 151 (V. ii. 350) set: 105 (IV. iii. Qo) set me packing: 99 (III. iv. 211) shards: 135 (V. i. 255) share: 82 (III. ii. 295) shark'd up: 5 (I. i. 98) shent: 86 (III. ii. 423) shoon: 110 (IV. v. 26) short: 100 (IV. i. 18) shreds and patches: 95 (III. iv. 102) shriving-time : 139 (V. ii. 47) shuffled off: 66 (III. i. 67) shuffling: 89 (III. iii. 61) sick . . . doomsday: 6 (I. i. 120) sicklied o'er: 67 (III. i. 85) siege: 122 (IV. vii. 76) simples: 124 (IV. vii. 144) single and peculiar: 87 (III. iii. 11) sith: 108 (IV. iv. 45) skirts: 5 (I. i. 97) slander: 23 (I. iii. 133) sledded Polacks: 3 (I. i. 63) slightly timber'd: 119 (IV. vii. 22) smooth and even: 103 (IV. iii. 7) so, haply, slander: 101 (IV. i. 40) soft: 142 (V. ii. 113) softly: 106 (IV. iv. 8) soil: 18 (I. iii. 15) soil our addition: 24 (I, iv. 20) sold in fee: 107 (IV. iv. 22) solicited: 152 (V. ii. 372) soliditv and compound mass: 93 (III. iv. 49) something-settled: 70 (III. i. 182) sometimes: 3 (I. i. 49) sore: 133 (V. i. 189) sort: 5 (I. i. 109); 50 (II. ii. 279) sovereign: 69 (III. i. 166) spheres: 27 (I. v. 17) spendthrift sigh: 123 (IV. vii. 122) spills: 109 (IV. V. 20) spirit of health: 25 (I. iv. 40) spirits: 63 (II. ii. 639) spite: 34 (I. v. 188) splenetive: 136 (V. i. 285) sport: 80 (III. ii. 229) spring: 119 (IV. vii. 20) springes: 22 (I. iii. 115) spurns (noun): 66 (III. i. 73) spurns (vb.): 109 (IV. v. 6) stage: 153 (V. ii. 392) stand . . . upon: 140 (V. ii. 63) station: 93 (III. iv. 58) statists: 139 (V. ii. 33) statutes: 130 (V. i. 113) stay upon: 75 (III. ii. 113) sterling: 22 (I. iii. 107) stick ... off: 148 (V. ii. 271) still: 6 (I. i. 122) stithy: 74 (III. ii. 89) stomach: 5 (I. i. 100) I I Prince of Denmark 201 stooping: 77 (III. ii. 161) stop: 73 (III. ii. 76) stoup: 128 (V. i. 68) straight: 56 (II. ii. 460) straw: 107 (IV. iv. 26) strewments: 135 (V. i. 257) strumpet: 49 (II. ii. 244) stuck: 125 (IV. vii. 161) stuff: 52 (II. ii. 332) subject: 4 (I. i. 72) subscrib'd: 140 (V. ii. 52) succession: 53 (II. ii. 376) suit of sables: 76 (III. ii. 139) suiting: 61 (II. ii. 590) suffer not thinking on: 76 (III. ii. 143) sullies: 36 (II. i. 39) supervise: 139 (V. ii. 23) suppliance: 18 (I. iii. 9) supply and profit: 40 (II. 11. 24) swaddling-clouts : 55 (II. ii. 411) sweep my way: 99 (III. iv. 204) swinish: 24 (I. iv. 19) Switzers: 112 (IV. v. 97) swoopstake: 114 (IV. v. 141) sword: 33 (I. v. 154) 'S wounds: 62 (II. ii. 612) swounds: 150 (V. ii. 322) synod: 59 (II. ii. 524) table: 30 (I. v. 98) taints of liberty: 36 (II. i. 32) take: 35 (II. i. 13) take . . . troubles: 66 (III. i. 59) takes: 7 (I. i. 163) tarre: 53 (II. ii. 379) tax . . . home: 88 (III. iii. 29) teeth and forehead: 89 (III. iii. 63) tell: 17 (I. ii. 237) TeUus: 77 (III. ii. 168) temperance: 71 (III. ii. 8) temper'd: 151 (V. ii. 342) temple: 18 (I. iii. 12) tenable: 17 (I. ii. 247) tend: 21 (I. iii. 83) tender (vb.) : 22 (I. iii. 107) tenders (noun) : 21 (I. iii. 99) tent: 63 (II. ii. 634) tenures: 130 (V. i. 108) Termagant: 71 (III. ii. 16) terms: 87 (III. iii. 5) tetter: 29 (I. v. 71) the . . . body: 103 (IV. ii. 29) the croaking . . . revenge: 81 (III. ii. 268) there be of them: 72 (III. ii. 45) these: 44 (II. ii. 112) thews: 18 (I. iii. 12) thicker than itself: 88 (III. iii. 44) this . . . drooping: 137 (V. i. 308) thought: 4 (I. 1. 67) thrall'd: 94 (III. iv. 74) thrift: 73 (III. ii. 67) tickle o' the sere: 52 (II. ii. 346) time: 68 (III. i. 116) tinct: 94 (III. iv. 91) tithe: 95 (III. iv. 97) to: 65 (III. i. 52) toil (noun) : 85 (III. ii. 369) toils (vb.): 4 (I. i. 72) too dear a halfpenny: 50 (II. ii. 288) too much prov'd: 65 (III. i. 47) topp'd: 122 (IV. vii. 88) touch'd: 117 (IV. v. 207) toward: 4 (I. i. 77) toy in blood: 18 (I. iii. 6) 202 The Tragedy of Havilet^ toys of desperation: 26 (I. iv. 75) trace. 142 (V. ii. 136) tradiic'd and tax'd: 24 (I. iv. 18) trick: 108 (IV. iv. 61); 126 (IV. vii. 188) trick'd: 57 (II. ii. 488) tricks: 109 (IV. v. 5) trippingly: 71 (III. ii. 2) tristful: 93 (III. iv. 50) trophy: 117 (IV. v. 214) tropically: 80 '(III. ii. 250) true-penny: 33 (I. v. 150) truncheon: 15 (I. ii. 204) tune: 145 (V. ii. 198) turn Turk: 82 (III. ii. 292) turned . . . colour: 60 (II. ii. 550) twelve for nine: 144 (V. ii. 174) tyrannically: 53 (II. ii. 364) umbrage: 142 (V. ii. 126) unanel'd: 30 (I. v. 77) unbated: 124 (IV. vii. 138) unbrac'd: 38 (II. i. 78) uncharge: 121 (IV. vii. 67) unction: 97 (III. iv. 145) uncurrent: 56 (II. ii. 456) undergo: 24 (I. iv. 34) uneffectual: 30 (I. v. 90) unfellowed: 143 (V. ii. 150) unfledg'd: 20 (I. iii. Q5) ungor'd: 147 (V. ii. 264) ungracious: 19 (I. iii. 47) unhousel'd: 30 (I. v. 77) unimproved: 5 (I. i. 96) union: 148 (V. ii. 286) unkennel: 74 (III. ii. 86) unmaster'd: 19 (I. iii. 32) unnatural: 28 (I. v. 25) unpregnant of: 61 (II. ii. 603) unprevailing: 12 (I. ii. 107) unproportion'd: 20 (I. iii. 60) unreclaimed: 36 (II. i. 34) unshaped: 109 (IV. v. 8) unsifted: 22 (I. iii. 102) unsinew'd: 110 (IV. vii. 10) unvalu'd: 18 (I. iii. 19) unwrung: 81 (III. ii. 257) unyoke: 128 (V. i. 59) uphoarded: 6 (I. i. 136) up-spring: 23 (I. iv. 9) use: 97 (III. iv. 163) uses: 13 (I. ii. 134) vailed: 10 (I. ii. 70) valanced: 56 (II. ii. 451) validity: 79 (III. ii. 201) variable: 70 (III. i, 181) variable service: 104 (IV. iii. 25) vast: 15 (I. ii. 198) ventages: 85 (III. ii. 380) very comment: 74 (III. ii. 84) vice: 95 (III. iv. 98) videlicet: 37 (II. i. 61) violet: 18 (I. iii. 7) violets: 116 (IV. v. 183) virtue of his will: 18 (I. iii. 16) voice: 84 (III. ii. 363); 147 (V. ii. 263) voice and yielding: 19 (I. iii. 23) vouchers: 130 (V. i. 114) vouchsafe your rest: 40 (II. ii. 13) Vulcan: 74 (III. ii. 89) vulgar thing: 11 (I. ii. 99) wait upon: 50 (II. ii. 278) wake: 23 (I. iv. 8) wandering stars: 135 (V. i. 280) want true colour: 96 (III. iv. 129) wanton (adj.) : 36 (II. i. 22) wanton (adv.): 98 (III. iv. 183) Prince of Denmark 203 wanton (noun) : 149 (V. ii. 313) warrantise: 135 (V. i. 251) wash: 77 (III. ii. 168) watch: 45 (II. ii. 148) water-fly: 141 (V. ii. 84) way: 118 (IV. vi. 34) weak supposal: 8 (I. ii. 18) weal: 87 (III. iii. 14) weeds: 122 (IV. vii. 80) weedy: 125 (IV. vii. 175) weigh'd: 103 (IV. iii. 6) wharf: 28 (I. v. 33) wheaten garland: 139 (V. ii. 41) wheel: 115 (IV. v. 171) wherein: 112 (IV. v. 92) which one: 72 (III. ii. 31) 'while . . . grows': 84 (III. . ii. 365) wholesome: 83 (III. ii. 334) whoreson: 133 (V. i. 190) wicked prize: 89 (III. iii. 59) wildness: 65 (III. i. 40) wind . . . of: 20 (I. iii. 56) windlasses: 37 (II. i. 65) windy suspiration: 11 (I. ii. 79) winking: 45 (II. ii. 137) wit: 43 (II. ii. 90) witching: 86 (III. ii. 413) withal: 18 (I. iii. 14) withdraw with: 85 (III. ii. 367) withers: 81 (III. ii. 256) without more circumstance: 32 (I. V. 127) Wittenberg: 12 (I. ii. 113) woman: 126 (IV. vii, 190) wonder: 112 (IV. v. 89) woodcocks: 22 (I. iii. 115) woo't: 137 (V. i. 299) word: 31 (I. v. 110) would: 90 (III. iii. 75) woundless: 101 (IV. i. 44) wrack: 39 (II. i. 113) Yaughan: 128 (V. i. 68) yaw: 142 (V. ii. 121) yeoman's service: 139 (V. ii. 36) yesty: 145 (V, ii. 199) yield them: 109 (IV. v. 11) your: 34 (I. v. 167) your paintings: 69 (III. i. 150) //■/ 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED HUMANITIES GRADUATE SERVICE Tel. No. 642-4481 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. :1 NOV 1 9 1979 ^c ^ /t7/ RETURNED D C C 5 '79 -8 AM — HUM. GRAD. SERVICE RETURNED NUM. GRAD. SERVICE LD21A-5m-4,'75 General Library (S5485sl0)476-A-32 University of California Berkeley GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C, BERKEU BDDDaSME?!