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A BRIEF 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 COMPILED AND ARRANGED BY 
 
 THE REV. CHARLES HOLE, B.A., 
 
 TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; 
 
 WITH ADDITIONS AND COEEECTIONS 
 
 WILLIAM A. WHEELER, M.A., 
 
 ASSISTANT EDITOR OP WEBSTER'S DICTIONARIES, AND AUTHOR OP "A DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE NOTED NAMES OF FICTION," ETC. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 PUBLISHED BY HURD AND HOUGHTON. 
 
 1866. 
 

 ^ 
 
 f\ 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by 
 
 HURD AND HOUGHTOX, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of 
 New York. 
 
 .••:• 
 
 RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BT 
 
 n. nOUGHTON AND COMPANY. 
 
INTEODTJCTOEY NOTE BY THE AMEEICAN EDITOE. 
 
 The serviceable little Dictionary of the Rev. Mr. Hole — 
 reprinted by arrangement with the English publishers — 
 was placed in my hands with the request that I would make 
 such additions of American names as would fit it for use 
 and acceptance in this country. Supposing that the labor 
 involved would be but slight, I readily undertook the task. 
 An examination of the work, however, soon satisfied me that 
 extensive additions and alterations were needed ; for, while 
 it was apparent that the compiler was justly entitled to the 
 praise of having produced a manual , embodying in a con- 
 densed form a large amount of biographical memoranda, and 
 of having taken especial pains to secure correctness in the 
 important matter of dates, it was equally evident that much 
 which the users of the book might reasonably look for with 
 the expectation of finding, had been omitted. 
 
 To point out the defects of a book which, after all, 
 shows great industry, conscientious research, and general 
 accuracy, is an ungrateful duty ; but justice to the public 
 and myself, as well as to the English editor, requires that 
 I should state the limits of my own revisionary labor and 
 responsibility, and, in doing this, I shall necessarily indicate 
 some of the deficiencies and imperfections of the original 
 work. 
 
 My attention was directed, in the first place, to the col- 
 lection and insertion of American names, of which only a 
 very meager list is given in the English publication. The 
 additions which I have made amount to many hundreds, 
 and include such names as Arnold, Burr, Choate, Douglas, 
 Foote, Gallatin, Hancock, Marion, Otis, Paulding, Percival, 
 
 235169 
 
IV INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
 
 Pocahontas, Randolph, Standish,. Sumter, Taney, Wirt, and 
 many others. There are some, it is true, of much less note 
 than these, yet they are important in a work designed for 
 circulation in America. 
 
 To carry out more fully the plan of the book, and make 
 it still more useful and acceptable, I have added a large 
 number of European names of undoubted importance which 
 the English editor had omitted, and which one would natu- 
 rally expect to find in a work of this sort ; as, for example, 
 Abraham-a-Sancta Clara, Banim, Chlopicki, De Wette, Im- 
 mermann, Miaulis, Passow, Topffer, Torquemada, &c. 
 
 In not a few instances, I hav.e been able to supply missing 
 dates ; while of dates erroneously given or marked as doubt- 
 ful, I have corrected or verified a still larger number. 
 
 The orthography of the names has received much of my 
 attention. Besides rectifying some grave mistakes, and some 
 hardly less grievous inconsistencies, I have been at a good 
 deal of pains to supply accents in the French, German, and 
 other Continental namel, which are for the most part printed 
 without them in the English book, and have in consequence 
 a very awkward and unfamiliar look. It is not always easy, 
 however, to determine what accent a particular letter should 
 have, or whether it should have any, as authorities are some- 
 times at variance. A notable example of this is Fenelon^ 
 which in some standard works of reference is printed, though 
 incorrectly, Fenelon. 
 
 The English edition of this Dictionary gives the month 
 and day as well as the year of death, but not the month and 
 day of birth, though by most persons the latter would be 
 considered no less important than the former. For this and 
 for other reasons, it has been thought advisable to give, in 
 this reprint, nothing more than the years of birth and death, 
 which are all, probably, that the consulter of the book will 
 generally require. 
 
 Some minor changes, deemed to be improvements, are 
 perhaps scarcely worth mentioning : such as the substitution 
 of the customary and legitimate abbreviations of common 
 Christian names, or their full forms, for the uncouth and 
 arbitrary contractions adopted by the English editor, — Fees. 
 
INTRODUCTORY NOTE. V 
 
 for Frances, Hy. for Henry, Jam. for James, Jph. for Joseph, 
 and the like ; the re-arrangement of individuals of the same 
 surname according to the alphabetical order of their Chris- 
 tian names, — the usual method in Biographical Dictionaries, 
 — and not according to the order of their deaths ; and the 
 frequent amendment or modification of the compendious 
 biographical information attached to the names for the pur- 
 pose of identifying the individuals who bore them. In gen- 
 eral, however, the intention has been to adhere to the plan 
 of the English work ; and hence the editor's rule of substi- 
 tuting the English equivalents of foreign Christian names for 
 the vernacular forms has been almost uniformly followed, 
 though not without much misgiving and dissatisfaction. 
 
 After the stereotyping had proceeded as far as the middle 
 of the letter E, there came into my hands a copy of the sec- 
 ond London edition, containing a list of some hundreds of 
 omitted names. From this point onward, I incorporated into 
 the body of the work such of these names as I had not 
 already inserted ; the remainder, together with some other 
 names which had either been overlooked, or which belonged 
 to persons very recently deceased, are given in an appendix. 
 (See p. 442.) 
 
 It is in contemplation to follow this work with a com- 
 panion volume, on the same general plan, devoted to dis- 
 tinguished living characters. 
 
 Having long felt the want of a comprehensive and thor- 
 oughly trustworthy biographical index, such as the present 
 compilation aspires to be, and knowing well the great liability 
 to error in any work containing so many thousands of names 
 and dates, I shall thankfully avail myself not only of public 
 criticism, but of any corrections or suggestions that may be 
 privately communicated to me. 
 
 Wm. a. Wheeler. 
 
 RoxBDRY, Massachusetts, March, 1866. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The principal object of this work is to afford ready informa- 
 tion of the births and deaths of deceased persons, more or 
 less noteworthy, of all countries and periods. Biographical 
 dictionaries on the ordinary plan, besides being more and 
 more voluminous in proportion to their value, and conse- 
 quently more cumbrous to consult for a passing occasion, fall 
 necessarily and rapidly into chronological arrears ; while a 
 less pretending book, like the present, by allowing usually no 
 more than a line to a single name, containing, therefore, 
 many more entries than even some bulky quartos of bio- 
 graphical matter, and so being for the mere purpose of the 
 above-named dates more serviceable than they, stands also 
 from its size a greater chance of frequent reprints, and keep- 
 ing its information level with the times. This is the claim 
 it ventures to put forth to the notice and favor of the public. 
 It hopes to lie upon the desk, an unobtrusive companion of 
 other books of many sorts, to give a reader its rapid answer 
 whenever he is tempted to pause at a name, and ask no more 
 than — " When did he live ? " 
 
 In explanation of the contents, it will be necessary to pref- 
 ace a few brief remarks. The additions, for instance, that 
 will be found attached to the names, are not to be under- 
 stood as intended vainly to furnish any condensed biograph- 
 ical information, nor always to indicate the person's title to 
 a place in a biographical list, but chiefly for identifying the 
 individual ; which will be felt a matter of some utility when 
 it is remembered how frequently talents of the same descrip- 
 tion run in families, and how successive generations of the 
 same name — on the Continent especially — appear as paint- 
 
viii PREFACE. 
 
 ers, engravers, printers, and scholars. Again, to avoid con- 
 fusion, and secure a more complete distinction of the greater 
 personages, others bearing the same surnames are frequently 
 added, and this is the apology for the appearance of some 
 that might be considered in themselves too obscure to deserve 
 insertion. The Italics within brackets in all cases indicate 
 some production of the pen, or some work of art ; and these, 
 too, are for assisting in the identification, rather than for 
 marking the special claim to distinction ; for in innumerable 
 instances of prolific genius it would be quite impossible to 
 select any single production as a chef-d'oeuvre^ though fre- 
 quently it will be found that the work quoted is one upon 
 which a reputation rests. The Italics without brackets are 
 confined to a second, or an assumed, or an original name, or 
 perhaps a sohriquet by which, in occasional instances, a per- 
 son is best known. A figure that is not of established cer- 
 tainty is marked by an asterisk [interrogation point]. In 
 cases where an individual has had a separate biographer, this 
 is indicated by the letter L., or the word Life. 
 
 At the close of his undertaking, the compiler has become 
 abundantly aware, from experience, of the truth of a com- 
 mon remark, that there is nothing so liable to error and cor- 
 ruption as that most happy invention of figures ; and he be- 
 lieves it will not prove unsuitable or useless to make a few 
 observations on this subject. 
 
 A general reader, wishing to know the time of a birth or 
 a death, can turn, say, to the biographical compendiums — 
 small, compact, single volumes, extending to a very recent 
 period — which an ordinary household may probably be sup- 
 plied with, or to a cyclopaedia of many quartos or large oc- 
 tavos on the shelves of a more ambitious library, and if he 
 finds his date in any one of these he is probably content, and 
 asks no further. But if, requiring greater exactness, or being 
 suspicious and desirous of corroboration, he should take an 
 opportunity of consulting several, he is then but too likely to 
 become aware of unwelcome discrepancies. The professional 
 man of letters, who has access to the largest and best works 
 of the class, such as the BiograpJiie Universelle^ the Nouvelle 
 Biographie Generale, or the Biographia Britannica, is of 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 course better off, but even he does not escape his disappoint- 
 ments so often as might be imagined. And what is the more 
 perplexing, and, in truth, not a little irritating, the dates are 
 given with all the air of absolute certainty, so far as silence 
 conveys this ; only the very first-class books — and not always 
 these — informing the reader that there are other dates as- 
 signed, or that some current figures have been proved wrong, 
 and giving any hint that pains have been taken to sift dis- 
 crepancies. 
 
 The plan of this volume does not admit of a variation of 
 dates being discussed or even stated, and only allows an es- 
 tablished uncertainty to be intimated by an asterisk [mark of 
 interrogation]. But the author is reluctantly obliged to admit, 
 that, if any one of the following pages were taken at random 
 and examined with half a dozen of the usually accredited 
 authorities, discrepant figures would be found amongst them, 
 for, perhaps, on an average, every fourth or fifth name ; while 
 even when no absolute conflict presents itself, one of the dates, 
 the birth for instance or the death, is entirely omitted, and 
 some works, not even professing to give any nearer informa- 
 tion than the year, seldom mentioning the day. This esti- 
 mate of tha degree of faultiness in our current information 
 is certainly within the mark, as the compiler's memoranda of 
 the variations he has observed, in figures alone, to say noth- 
 ing of errors in spelling, too amply testify, and it is a discov- 
 ery not a little disheartening to those who have ever made it, 
 whose studies lead them to take an interest in this class of 
 dates. 
 
 Happily, however, the uncertainty in nativities and obitu- 
 aries here implied need not be acquiesced* in as a finality in 
 every instance. Things are not so bad as they look. A very 
 brief, practical acquaintance with the current statements 
 shows us that a large crop of errors is due to the culpability 
 of the more recent copyists and editors, and that, with pa- 
 tience and sufficient comparison, the true figures are, in a 
 considerable number of instances, not beyond recovery. By 
 paying attention to the various errors corrected in carrying a 
 work like the present through the press, one has an opportu- 
 nity of becoming aware of the kinds of mistakes which com- 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 posltors on the one hand are more particularly liable to, as 
 well as those for which an editor on the other hand has him- 
 self solely to blame ; and, as this may sometimes aid in ac- 
 counting for discrepancies, a few illustrations will perhaps be 
 acceptable. 
 
 For instance, the figures 8, 3, 5, frequently get put in each 
 other's places, owing probably to a rough resemblance among 
 them, especially in indistinct manuscript ; and not only in 
 manuscript, for any one who has to consult the new edition 
 of the Biographic Universelle must often have regretted that 
 the type there used makes the 5 and 3 so nearly alike as to 
 require a close scrutiny to detect the difference. Examples 
 occurring in the preparation of the present work of 6 in the 
 copy appearing as 9 in the proof, and instances in other works 
 of these two figures being interchanged, make it tolerably 
 evident that they sometimes get inverted by the printer, 
 either in sorting the types or in the act of composition. Im- 
 perfect formations in the copy have also, it would appear, 
 caused 6 and 9 both to be replaced by 0. Cases of 6 for 
 have been remarked in correcting these sheets, and in the 
 Biographie Universelle, John HUbner appears as born in 1608 
 for 1668. The figures 1 and 7 [1 and 9, 7 and ^] have also 
 been interchanged. 
 
 A very common error is when a date contains the same 
 figure repeated consecutively, and the wrong duplicate gets 
 into the copy by a natural trick of the eye of a rapid worker, 
 especially when the difference in the value of the two figures 
 exchanged is not so glaringly large; thus, 1779 becoming 
 1799, and vice versa, 1669 for 1699, 1445 for 1455. In the 
 proof-sheets of this work, 1755 of the copy once became 
 1775. But 1449 for 1499, or 1228 for 1288, would be more 
 seldom found, though the Biographie Universelle has it that 
 St. Oswald died 922 instead of 992. The culprit "years, 
 however, which most frequently sin in this way are 1668 and 
 1688. Perhaps the similarity of sound may have produced 
 some errors, as for instance, when Gaspar Bartholin was born 
 July 13, according to one, and July 30, according to another. 
 Two certain instances of this mistake, and both with the same 
 pair of numbers, have been noticed in these proofs, where 
 
PREFACE. XI 
 
 Oct. 13 appeared instead of Oct. 30, and 1530* [?] for 
 1513* ['']. In the days of the month, one of the figures is 
 occasionally omitted, as when 2 stands for 12 and 3 for 30. 
 The days of the month also get inverted, as when the death 
 of EUer de Brockhusen appears in the Biographic Univer- 
 selle to have occurred Sept. 31, and in the Nouvelle Biogra- 
 pJiie Generale, Sept. 13. One frequently finds the months 
 Jan. and June put for each other, and in the French dic- 
 tionaries, March and May (Mars and Mai), as also April and 
 August (Avril and Aout). Thus, Louis Anthony de Bou- 
 gainville is said, in the Nouvelle Biographic Generale, to have 
 died April 31, an error which betrays itself, and we expect to 
 find other authorities giving Aug. 31, which in fact they do. 
 
 But the editor cannot forbear remarking more at length 
 upon an error arising not so much from accident and inad- 
 vertence as from a want of thought, and a false principle of 
 calculation that is likely enough to become a fixed habit in 
 the mind. Thus a composer of a biographical notice, finding 
 it announced that a person died in 1850, aged 50, and wish- 
 ing to put the fact in another shape, states that he was " born 
 in 1800, and died in 1850 ;" whereas, from the loose way in 
 which that phrase " aged so and so " often occurs, this 1800 
 is not at all certain, To give actual instances. The Annual 
 Register records that Richard Ford was born 1796, and died 
 Sept. 1, 1858, aged 61 ; but had we calculated the birth from 
 the death and age, by subtracting 61 firom 1858, we should 
 have fixed on 1797, which would have been wrong. The same 
 work says of the Earl of Ripon, born in 1782, died Jan. 
 28, 1859, aged 76 ; but 1859 minus 76 is 1783. Even if the 
 " years " of a person's age always meant completed years, 
 this method of arriving at the birth would be uncertain ; for 
 a person born either in Dec. 1799 or Jan. 1800, and dying in 
 Feb. 1850, would just the same be said to be " aged 50." 
 But sometimes it is stated that a person is " aged 50," when 
 he is more properly within a month or so of reaching that 
 number of years. Thus the Obituary of the London Almanac 
 says that Walter Savage Landor " died Sept. 17, 1864, aged 
 90 ; " but if we were to infer his birth to have been in 1864 
 — 90, or 1774, we should err, as he was actually born in Jan. 
 
xu PREFACE. 
 
 U 
 
 1775, and wanted as much as three or four months of being 
 " aged 90." In fact, a person who " died in 1850, aged 50," 
 and no month stated, may have been born in 1799, 1800, or 
 1801. When, therefore, the Biographia Britannica states that 
 Henry Burton " was 67 years of age in 1646, consequently he 
 must have been born in 1579," the inference is not to be 
 trusted ; and similarly, when the Biographical Dictionary of 
 the English Cyclopcedia makes a like calculation of the births 
 of Melchizedec Thevenot and Spinello Aretino. It may also 
 be remarked that from this process of backward reckoning we 
 may suspect to have arisen a frequent discrepancy of 10 years 
 in the birth, as though there had been an error of 1 in per- 
 forming the subtraction sum. 
 
 Other discrepancies arise from causes less culpable ; as when 
 a person dies in the night, the hour not being stated, or is 
 found dead in the morning, the hour of decease not being 
 known, and one account makes the occun-ence to have hap- 
 pened the day before and another the day after. Thus, UArt 
 de Verifier les Dates states the Emperor Lothaire II. to have 
 died in the night between Dec. 3 and 4, explaining why in 
 the two great French dictionaries we find Dec. 3 and Dec. 4 
 respectively. When a person dies abroad, especially in circum- 
 stances of turmoil and excitement, reports of the event are 
 likely enough to vary. This may possibly explain how it occurs 
 that no less than four dates are assigned for the death of so 
 eminent and so recent a man as Sir Henry Havelock ; Maun- 
 der giving Nov. 21, the Book of Dates and the Nouvelle Bio- 
 graphie Generate, Nov. 25, the London Almanac, Nov. 27, 
 while the Life of the hero, by Marshman, his brother-in-law, 
 as well as the Annual Register, gives Nov. 24, which may be 
 presumed to be the correct day. One would have thought 
 that the very hour and day of the execution of Robespierre 
 would have been well remarked ; nevertheless, we find in 
 Chalmers that he died July 10 ; Rees's Cyclopcedia gives July 
 28 ; Lempriere and Rose, July 28, 4 p. m. ; and Alison in 
 his History, July 29, 4 a. m. 
 
 Discrepancies are also due to the change of the style, an 
 innovation not effected without some unnecessary complica- 
 tion. For when in 1582 the 10 superfluous days were pro- 
 
PREFACE. XiJl 
 
 posed by the Pope to be omitted from the Calendar, the va- 
 rious countries unfortunately were not unanimous in adopting 
 the improvement : Spain, Portugal, and a part of Italy ac- 
 cepting the alteration on the same day ; France following the 
 example two months later ; but England holding out for no 
 less than 170 years, when in 1752 she omitted 11 days (as 
 the 10 had become since 1700), and reckoned Sept. 3 as Sept. 
 14 ; during which period, therefore, our chronology and that 
 of other countries differ by 10 or 11 days, and historians, 
 having to express the date of any transaction affecting our- 
 selves and them, have to mention two days at once, as Nov. 
 ^5^, 1688, or Sept. y^g, 1715. One important country, Tlussia, 
 to this day retains the old style, which is no longer 10 days, 
 or 11, but 12 in advance. Russian dates, consequently, will 
 often differ by 12 days, and other continental dates by 10 or 
 11, from those accepted by us ; the ambiguity not being al- 
 ways apparent, owing to their having been recorded origi- 
 nally, not with the double notation for historical purposes, but 
 in the current style of the country as referring to purely do- 
 mestic and internal eVents. 
 
 But the change of style, as far as England was concerned, 
 embraced yet another peculiarity which has to be observed. 
 For whereas up to the period of that change the civil year 
 began on March 25, and the period between Jan. 1 and March 
 25 was reckoned to the old year, it was then ordered by Act 
 of Parliament that this practice should be discontinued, and 
 the year in all cases commence with Jan. 1. But according 
 to the old practice, the dates within that interval of Jan. 1 
 and March 25 would express both years, and thus what we now 
 write Feb. 4, 1726, used inconveniently to be written Feb. 4, 
 1725-6 ; for want of attention to which fact the year would 
 be copied as 1725 by one, and as 1726 by another. Hence it 
 happens that while the change of style may be the parent of 
 an error of 10 or 11 days, or 12, between England and a for- 
 eign country, it may also occasionally have produced an error 
 of one year in purely domestic dates, which is to be suspected 
 when the day belongs to the interval between Jan. 1 and 
 March 25. In this volume, the new style is always used. 
 
 An error in the letters of a word is generally obvious, and 
 
xiv PREFACE. 
 
 can be rectified by any one, while an error in the figure of 
 a date is far otherwise, and even when obvious seldom pro- 
 nounces or suggests its own correction. Hence so many vex- 
 atious discrepancies, and we are startled at finding the most 
 notorious events of but yesterday wrongly dated. It is only 
 a matter of industry and conscientious care to weed out errors 
 of no longer standing than this ; but dates of early and me- 
 iliseval times, that come down to us with discrepancies all the 
 way, must stand far less chance, and here we must often rest 
 satisfied with approximations. But even in some of these an 
 additional light has occasionally been discovered, as in the 
 case of Holbein's death, which within the last few years has 
 been proved in the Archmologia to have occurred in 1543, in- 
 stead of the currently adopted 1554. 
 
 It might, perhaps, have been expected, that, in the case of 
 historical personages, and especially in the case of reigning 
 sovereigns, fewer discrepancies than usual would be met with ; 
 and yet this is by no means the fact. As to the former, we 
 should not have thought that such an authority as the Historic 
 Peerage (formerly the Synopsis of the Peerage of Sir Harris 
 Nicolas) would give a wrong date for the famous assassination 
 of the Duke of Buckingham. It gives 1629, and all other 
 authorities 1628 ; and for the day, the English Cgclopcedia 
 says Aug. 24, against Aug. 23 of every one else. And then, 
 in regard to reigning sovereigns, that the year of their acces- 
 sion should be variously stated need excite no surprise ; for, 
 what with disputed successions, the de jure and de facto, and 
 minorities, in troublous times and in heterogeneous domin- 
 ions, an actual accession may be variously estimated, as also 
 may depositions ; and this is the reason why in this work 
 the years of a reign are in so many instances omitted en- 
 tirely. Nor, again, may the birth be always ascertainable, 
 especially in the cases where this occurred during the obscu- 
 rity of the family ; but one does look for more certainty and 
 accuracy in the record of a sovereign's death than it is always 
 our good fortune to find. As regards our own kings, writers 
 are not in every instance at one in the year of the birth or 
 the day of the death, even for the times after the Conquest. 
 
 .... To prevent incessant cross references and disap- 
 
PREFACE. XV 
 
 pointments in foreign names beginning with La, Le, De, Van, 
 &c., the names are, in frequent instances, repeated under 
 those prefixes. 
 
 A work of this kind, consisting of some 18,000 entries, must 
 necessarily have been in the first instance compiled from the 
 leading biographical dictionaries, among which it is needless 
 to particularize the Biograpliie Universelle^ the Nouvelle Bio- 
 graphie Generate^ the Blographia Britannica, and the works 
 of Chalmers, Rose, Aikin, Gorton, and others. The dates that 
 seemed undisputed were adopted without going further ; but 
 in all cases of discrepancy, biographical collections for par- 
 ticular series or special professions were resorted to, as Wood's 
 Atlience Oxonienses, Cooper's Athenm Cantabrigienses, Fetis's 
 Musicians, Strutt's Engravers, Pilkington's Painters, the His- 
 toric Peerage; such contemporary records as the Annual Obit- 
 uary, the Annual Register ; L'Art de Verifier les Dates, the 
 early Chronicles, Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biog- 
 raphy, and Clinton's Fasti, for historical names ; besides many 
 single biographies and other primary authorities. 
 
 The editor, however, is well enough aware, that, with all 
 the pains he has taken to avoid them, his own volume cannot 
 have altogether escaped the errors he has been adverting to 
 in other works ; and he has seen too much of the difficulty 
 of perfect accuracy, not to be prompted by entire sincerity 
 in asking the indulgence of his readers. He will spare no 
 pains in revising each successive edition that may be called 
 for ; and if those who feel the convenience of consulting an 
 accurate work of this nature will kindly communicate any 
 errors they may discover, with authorities for their correction, 
 the compilation must needs win increasing confidence at every 
 re-Issue. 
 
 The editor apologizes for leaving in his pages a very few 
 names whose dates he was unable to ascertain at the moment 
 of going to press. 
 
 Shanklin, I. "W. 
 July 27th, 1865. 
 
A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS 
 USED IN THIS BOOK. 
 
 ab., about. 
 
 Abp., Archbp., Archbishop. 
 
 aft, after. 
 
 Amer., American. 
 
 Antiq.,. . . Antiquary, Antiquities. 
 
 bef., before. 
 
 beh beheaded. 
 
 Bibliog., Bibliographer. 
 
 Biog., Biographer. 
 
 Bn., Baron. 
 
 Bot., Botanist. 
 
 Bp., Bishop. 
 
 br., brother. 
 
 c, century. 
 
 Chem., Chemist. 
 
 cr., created. 
 
 Gt., Count. 
 
 Ctss., or Css., Countess. 
 
 Diplom., Diplomatist. 
 
 Div., Divine. 
 
 Dk., Duke. 
 
 Dram., Dramatist. 
 
 E., Earl. 
 
 Eng., England, English. 
 
 fl., flourished. 
 
 Fr., France, French. 
 
 Geog., Geographer. 
 
 Geol., Geologist. 
 
 Ger., German, Germany. 
 
 Gr., Greek. 
 
 Hist., Historian, Historical. 
 
 Ital., Italian. 
 
 K., King. 
 
 L.,.. 
 Ld., 
 
 . Life. 
 Lord. 
 
 Math., Mathem., . Mathematician. 
 
 Med., Medical. 
 
 Misc., Miscel., Miscellaneous. 
 
 Miss., Missionary. 
 
 mo., mother. 
 
 Mqs., Marquis, or Marquess. 
 
 Mus., Musical, Musician. 
 
 Nat., Natural, Naturalist. 
 
 neph., nephew. 
 
 Orient., Orientalist. 
 
 Pa , Paint., Painter. 
 
 Philol., Philologist. 
 
 Philos., Philosopher. 
 
 Phys , Physician. 
 
 Po., Poet. 
 
 Polit., Political, Politician. 
 
 Port, Portuguese. 
 
 Prof., Professor. 
 
 Prot., Protestant 
 
 Q., or Qu., Queen. 
 
 R., or Rom. ,Cath., Roman Catholic. 
 Russ., Russian. 
 
 Sch., Schol., Scholar. 
 
 Scot, Scottish. 
 
 Sp., Span., Spanish. 
 
 Statesm., Statesman. 
 
 Swed., Swedish. 
 
 Theol.,. . Theological, Theologian. 
 
 ti., time. 
 
 tr., translated. 
 
 Transl., Translator. 
 
 Trav., Traveler. 
 
 U. S., United States. 
 
 Vsct., Visct, Viscount. 
 
 Wr., Wri., Writ., Writer. 
 
 ? indicates an approximate or doubtful date. 
 
A BRIEF 
 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Aa, Christian Charies Henry van der. Dutch Scholar. . . . 1718. .1792 
 Aa, Pet. van der. Bookseller of Leyden. ( Galerie du Monde) — . . 1 730? 
 
 Aagard, Christian. Danish Poet 1616. . 1664 
 
 Aagard, Nicholas, brother. Philosopher 1612. . 1657 
 
 Aagesen, Svend. Earliest Danish Historian 
 
 Aal, Jacob. Norwegian Metallurgist i773- .1844 
 
 Aalst, Everard. Dutch Painter 1602 . . 1658 
 
 Aalst, William, nephew. Dutch Painter 1620. . 1679 
 
 Aaron, St. British Martyr — . . 303 
 
 Aaron- Acharon. Caraite Rabbi. {Garden of Eden) A- 1346 
 
 Aarsens, or Aertsen, Peter, Lnnge Peter. Dutch Painter. 15 19. .1575? 
 Aarsens, Francis van. Dutch Diplom. L. byDuMaurier 1572... 1641 
 
 Aarssens, Cornelius van. Dutch Statesman 1543 . . 1624 
 
 Aartgens. Dutch Painter '1498 . . 1564 
 
 Aartsen, or Aarsens, g. v. Dutch Painter 1519- • i575? 
 
 Aba, Samuel. Third Christian King of Hungary' — . . 1044 
 
 Abaka Khan. Second Mongol Emperor of Persia — . . 1282 
 
 Abancourt, Chas. Xavier Jos. d'. Min. of Louis XVI 1758. .1792 
 
 Abancourt, Charles Frerot d'. French Engineer — . . 1801 
 
 Abano, or Apono, Peter of. Astrologer and Physician . . 1250. .1315 
 
 Abarbanel, Isaac Darbanella. Learned Spanish Jew i437- • 1500 
 
 Abarca, Joachim. Spanish Prelate — . . 1844 
 
 Abascal, Joseph Ferd. Span. Viceroy of Peru (1804-16) 1743. .1821 
 
 Abasola, Mariano. Mexican Revolutionist — . . 181 1 
 
 Abate, Andrew. Italian Painter of Natural History — . .1732 
 
 Abati, Antonio. Italian Poet — . . 1667 
 
 Abati, or Abbat, Nicholas. DeW Abate. Painter in Fresco 1512. .1571 
 
 Abatin, Guido Ubaldo. Painter in Fresco 1600. . 1656 
 
 Abauzit, Firmin. French Writer 1679. . 1767 
 
 Abbadie, James. Dean of Killaloe. Theologian 1658. .1727 
 
 Abbas. Uncle of Mahomet — . . 652? 
 
 Abbas I. Schah of Persia (1585-1628.) The Great 1557. . 1628 
 
 Abbas II. (1642-66) 1629. . 1666 
 
 Abbas III. (1731-36) 1732.. 1736 
 
 Abbas Mirza. Persian Prince 1783 . . 1833 
 
 Abbatissa, or Badessa, Paul. Sicilian Poet fi. 1560 
 
 Abbatucci, Charles. French General 1771 . . 1796 
 
 1 
 
M%ll 
 
 ck'lfeRiEt aiQGliiLFmCAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Abbatucci, James Peter. French General 1726. . 1812 
 
 Abbatucci, John Charles. French Diplomatist 1791 . . 1857 
 
 Abbiati, Philip. Historical Painter 1640. .1715 
 
 Abbo Floriacensis. Abbot of Fleury. Life by Almoin 945 . . 1004 
 
 Abbot, Abiel. American Divine 1770. . 1828 
 
 Abbot, Benjamin. American Educator — . . 1849 
 
 Abbot, Charles, First Lord Colchester. Speaker i757- • 1829 
 
 Abbot, Geo. Abp. Cant. (1611-33). L.by W. Russell, 1777 1562. .1633 
 Abbot, George. Parliamentarian. {Paraphrase on Job) 1600. .164S 
 
 Abbot, Lemuel. Portrait-Painter 1762? . 1803 
 
 Abbot, Robert. Bp. of Salisbury. Divine. Life by Featley 1560. .1618 
 Abbott, Charles, 1st Ld. Tenterden. Lord Chief Justice. 1762. .1832 
 
 Abbt, Thomas. German Writer 1738. . 1766 
 
 Abdallah. Ben Abd el Mottallib. Father of Mohammed 545 . . 570 
 
 Abdallah. Een Yassim. Founder of Almoravides fl. ab. 1050 
 
 Abdallah Ben Zobatr. Sultan of Mecca . . ._ — . . 692 
 
 Abdallatif. Arabian Philos. {Historim JEgypti Compend.) 1162..1231 
 Abdalmalek. Ommiad Caliph of Damascus (685-705). . — • • 705 
 
 Abd el Mottallib. Grandfather of Mohammed 497-. 579 
 
 Abd el Mumen. First Caliph of the Almohades — . .1163 
 
 Abd el "Wahab. Founder of the Wahabees 1692. .1787 
 
 Abderabman I. T/ie PTise. Founder of Cordova Caliphate 731.. 787 
 
 Abderahman IH. The Great. Moorish Sovereign — . . 961 
 
 Abdul-Hamet. Sultan of Turkey (1774^1789) — . . 1789 
 
 Abdul-Medjid. Sultan of Turkey (1839-1861) 1823. . 1861 
 
 A'Beeket. See Becket. 
 
 A'Beckett, Gilbert Abbot. ( Comic History of England). 1810. . 1856 
 
 Abeel, David. American Missionary 1804. . 1846 
 
 Abegg, Bruno Erhard. German Lawyer and Politician . 1803. . 1848 
 
 Abeille, Caspar. French Poet and Dramatist 1648. . 1718 
 
 Abeille, John Christian Louis. Ger. Musician and Comp. 1761 . . 1832 
 
 AbeUle, Scipio, brother. {History of the Bones) — . . 1697 
 
 Abeken, William Louis Albert Rudolph 1813. . 1843 
 
 Abel, Charles Frederick. German Musical Composer. ... 1725 . . 1787 
 
 Abel, Dr. Clarke. Historian of Chinese Embassy — . . 1826 
 
 Abel, Caspar. Historian of Germany 1676. . 1763 
 
 Abel, Jacob Frederick von. German Philosopher 1751 • • 1829 
 
 Abel, Joseph. German Painter 1768 . . 1818 
 
 Abel, Nicholas Henry. Swedish Mathematician 1802 , . 1829 
 
 Abela, John Francis. ( Malta Jllustrata) 1582. . 1655 
 
 Abelard, Peter. Schoolman. L. by F. A. Gervaise, 1720 ; 
 J. Hughes, 1751; Muechler, 1755; J. Berington, 1784; 
 A. Metra, 1794; H. Mills, 1807 ; Fessler, 1807 ; Schlos- 
 ser, 1807; Follin, 1809; Turlot, 1822; Feuerbach, 1833; 
 Villenave, 1834 ; Cousin, 1836 ; Guizot, 1839 ; Weyland, 
 
 1840; Remusat, 1845 ; Jacobi, 1850; Tosti, 1851 1079.. 1 142 
 
 Abell, John. English Singer and Musician fl. ab. 1701 
 
 Abelli, Louis. Bishop of Rhodes. {Medulla Theologica) 160^. .i6gi 
 
 Abendana, Jacob. Spanish Jew. Commentator — . . 1685 
 
 Abendrotb, Amadeus August. Ger. Lawyer and Patriot. 1 767 . . 1842 
 
 Abenezra, Abraham. Jewish Writer 1119?. 1174? 
 
 Abercrombie, James. American Divine 1758. . 1841 
 
 Abercrombie, James. British General 
 
 Abercrombie, John. Horticulturist 1726. . 1806 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 3 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Abercrombie, John, m. d. {Intellectual Powers) 1781 . . 1844 
 
 Abercromby, Alex., Lord. Scotch Judge and Writer . . 1745 .. 1796 
 Abercromby, Patrick, m. d. ( Martial Achievevients) . . , 1656. .1716? 
 Abercromby, Gen. Sir Ralph. L. by Ld. Dumferline, 1861 1738?. iSoi 
 Aberdeen, Geo. Hamilton Gordon, "^Earl of. Statesman. . 1784. . i860 
 
 Aberli, John Louis. Swiss Landscape-Painter 1723. .1786 
 
 Abernethy, John. Irish Presbyterian. {Divine Attributes) 1680.. 1740 
 Abernethy, John. Surgeon. Life by Macilwain, 1853. 1764. .1831 
 Abildgaard, Nicholas Abraham. Danish Hist. Painter. 1744. .1809 
 
 Abinger, James Scarlett, First Lord. Judge 1769. . 1844 
 
 Abington, Frances. Comic Actress i73ior8. 1815 
 
 Abisbal, Henry O'Donnell. Spanish General i770- -1734 
 
 Ablancourt, Nicholas Perrot d'. French Writer 1606. . 1664 
 
 Abney, Sir Thomas, M. p. Lord Mayor 1639. .1722 
 
 Abrabanel, Isaac. Commentator. Life by Mai, 1708 . . . 1437 . .1508 
 Abraham-a-Sancta Clara. Celeb. German Preacher ... 1642.. 1709 
 Abrabam-ben-Chaila. Span. Rabbi and Astrologer. ... — . .1303 
 
 Abrahamson, Abraham. German Jew. Medalist. ..... 1754. . 1811 
 
 Abrahamson, Werner John Fred. Ger. Crit. and Antiq. 1744. .1812 
 
 Abrantes, Andoche Junot, Due d'. French General 1771 . . 1813 
 
 Abrantes, Joseph, Marquess d'. Portuguese Statesman. 1784.. 1827 
 Abrantes, Laurette Junot, Duchess d'. {Memoires sur 
 
 Napoleon.) Life by Cantu, 1837 1784. . 1838 
 
 Abresch, Frederick Louis. Dutch Critic and Scholar. . . 1699. .1782 
 
 Abrial, Andrew Joseph. French Statesman -1750. . 1828 
 
 Abruzzo, Balthasar. Sicilian Philosopher and Civilian . i6oi?.i665 
 
 Abubeker. First Caliph (632-4) 571 . . 634 
 
 Abulfaragius, Gregory. Armenian Bp., Phys., and Hist. 1226. .1286 
 
 AbulfazeL Vizier of Akbar. {Ayeen Akberry) — . . 1604 
 
 Abulfeda, Ismael. Soldier and Writer 1273, . 1331 
 
 Abulgasi-Bayatur. Khan of Tartary. {Hist, of Tartars) 1605 . . 1663 
 
 Abulola. Arabian Poet 973 . . 1057; 
 
 Abumansur, or Albumanzar. Arabian Astron. and Biogr. 885 . . —'' 
 
 Abunowas. Arabian Poet 762 . . 810 
 
 Abu-Obeidali. Mahometan Conqueror 581 . . 639 
 
 Abu-Kihan. Al Mohahabad. Geograph. and Astrologer, fl. i ith c. 
 Abu-Said. Bahadur Khan. Persian King (1317-35). . . 1305?. 1335 
 
 Abu-Said- Mirza. Sovereign of the Moguls 1427. . 1469 
 
 Abu-Teman. Arabian Poet — . . 845? 
 
 Acca. Bishop of Hexham — . . 740 
 
 Acciaioli, Donatus. Florentine Scholar and Statesman. . 1428. .1478 
 
 Acciaioli, Zenobio. Italian Scholar 1461 . . 15 19 
 
 Acciaioli Salvetti, Magdalen. Florentine Poetess — . . 1610 
 
 Accolti, Benedict. Florentine Lawyer and Historian . . . , 1415 . . 1466 
 Accolti, Benedict, grandson. Cardinal of Ancona. Latinisl. 1497.. 1549 
 Accolti, Francis. Francis of Arezzo^ or Aretino. Jurist. 1418?. 1485? 
 Accords, Stephen Tabourot, Seigneur des. French Poet. 15 16?. 1561 
 Accorso, Mariangelo. Collector of MSS. {Diatribce). . . i^go? . — 
 Accorso, or Accursius, Francis. Ital. Lawyer. ( Great Gloss) 1182? . 1260 
 Ach, or Achen, John van. Historical and Portrait Painter. 1556. . 1621 
 
 Acliard, Francis Charles. Experimental Philosopher 1753. .1821 
 
 Acbards, Eleazar Francis des. Missionary to Cochin. . . . 1679. .1741 
 
 Achery, Luke d'. See D'Achery 1609, . 1685 
 
 Achilles Tatius. Alexandrian Rhetorician and Bishop . fl.ab.5ooA.D. 
 
4 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Aichillini, Alex. Philosopher and Physician of Bologna. 1463. .1512 
 AcMIlini, John Philotheus, brother. Poet. ( Vtridano). . 1466. .1538 
 
 AcMllini, Claude. Italian Savant i574- • 1640 
 
 Achmet I. Sultan of Turks (1603-17) 1590. . 1617 
 
 Achmetn. (1691-95) 1643. .1695 
 
 Achmet III. (1703-30) 1673. . 1739 
 
 Achtsclielliiig, Lucas, of Brussels. Landscape Painter . fl. 1600? 
 
 Acidalius, Valens. German Critic and Philologist 1567. .1605 
 
 Ackermann, Conrad. German Comedfan 1710. . 1771 
 
 Ackermann, John Christian Theoph. Ger. Med. Writer. 1756. .1801 
 Ackermann, Rudolph. Publisher; introd. of lithography 
 
 into England 1 764 . . 1834 
 
 Ackmar, William. Scottish Portrait Painter i8th cen. 
 
 Acland, Rev. Charles. Writer on India 1814. . 1845 
 
 Acontius, or Aconcio, James. Philosopher ; Divine; 
 
 Civilian. {De Stratagematibus Satance) 1492. .1566 
 
 Acosta, Gabriel, of Coimbra. Commentator on 0. T — . . 1616 
 
 Acosta, Joseph d'. Jesuit Missionary in Peru. {Hist. 
 
 of West Indies) i539^ • 1600 
 
 Acosta, Uriel, of Oporto. Convert to Judaism — . . 1647 
 
 Acquaviva, Andrew Matt. Originator of Cyclopedias . . . X456. . 1528 
 
 Acrel, Olof. Swedish Medical Writer 1717- • ioo7 
 
 Acropolita, George. Byzantine Historian 1220. . 1282 
 
 Acton, Joseph. Neapolitan Prime Minister I737- • 181 1 
 
 Acuna, Chfistopher d'. Span. Jesuit Miss, in America. . 1597. .1676? 
 
 Acuna, Ferdinand d'. Spanish Poet and Soldier — . . 1580 
 
 Adair, James. Trader. ( Hist, of the American Indians) . fl. 1 735-1 775 
 
 Adair, James. Sergeant-at-Law — . .1798 
 
 Adair, James Makittrick. Scottish Medical Writer 1728. . 1802 
 
 Adair, Sir Robert, g.c.b. Diplomatist 1 763 .. 1855 
 
 Adalard, orAlelard, tt'^ic^ see. Cousin of Charlemagne. . 753-''. 826 
 
 Adalberon. Archbishop of Reims (969-88) — . . 988 
 
 Adalberon, Ascelinus. Bishop of Laon (977-1030) 950? . 1030 
 
 Adalbert, Bp. of Magdeburg; Miss, to the Sclavonians . . — . . 981 
 
 Adalbert, St. Archbishop of Prague 939 . . 997 
 
 Adalbert. See Adelbert. Archbishop of Bremen — . . 1072 
 
 Adam, Albert. German Artist 1786?. 1862 
 
 Adam, Alex., ll.d., of Edinburgh. {Roman Antiquities) . 1741... 1809 
 Adam, Billaut. Master Adam. Joiner and Poet of Nevers . — ..1662 
 
 Adam, Francis Gaspard. French Sculptor 1710. .1759 
 
 Adam, Lambert Sigisbert. French Sculptor 1700. .1759 
 
 Adam, Melchior. German Divine and Biographer — . . 1622 
 
 Adam, Nicholas. French Grammarian 1716. .1792 
 
 Adam, Nich. Sebast. French Sculpt. {Prometheus Chained) 1705. .1778 
 
 Adam, Robert. Architect 1 728 . . 1 792 
 
 Adam, Rev. Robert. {Religious World Displayed.) 1770. .1826 
 
 Adam, Thomas. Divine 1 701 . .1784 
 
 Adam, Right Hon. William. Lawyer and Politician 1751 • • 1839 
 
 Adam de Marisco. Scholar fl. 1250 
 
 Adam, of Bremen. Eccles. Historian and Missionary .... fl. 1067 
 
 Adam, of Orleton. Bishop of Winchester 1285 . . 1375 
 
 Adam of Murimuth. Chronicler Ed.iii&Rd ii 
 
 Adam Scotus. Doctor of the Sorbonne. Biographer... — ..1180 
 Adamanteo. Italian Mathematician and Orientalist. ... — ..1581 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 5 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Adamantius. Greek Physician fl. a.d. 415? 
 
 Adami, Leonard. Italian Scholar 1690. .1719 
 
 Adami, Tobias. Ger. Scholastic. {Prodromus Philosophice) 1581..1643 
 Adams, Abigail. Wifeof President John Adams. [Letters) 1744.. 1818 
 Adams, Charles Baker. American Chemist and Zoologist 1814. .1853 
 
 Adams, Francis, m.d. Medical Translator i797- • 1861 
 
 Adams, Geo. Instrument Maker. {Micrograplda lUustrata) — ..1786 
 Adams, Geo., son. Instrument Maker. {Essay on Fmon) 1750. .1795 
 Adam.s, Hannah. American Authoress. {Hist, of the Jews) ly ^6. .iS;^2 
 
 Adams, Jasper. American Divine and Educator i793- • ^^4^ 
 
 Adams, John. Second President of United States (1797- 
 
 1802). Life by G. Gibbs, 1848 ; C. F. Adams, 1851 . . 1735 • • 1826 
 
 Adams, John. Colonizer of Pitcairn's Island 1764. . 1829 
 
 Adams, John Quincy. Sixth President of United States 
 
 (1825-29). Life by W. H. Seward, 1849 ; Josiah Quincy 1767. . 1848 
 
 Adams, Joseph, m.d. Medical Writer 1756. . 1818 
 
 Adams, Richard. Ejected Nonconformist. Ed. of Charnock 1630.. 1698 
 
 Adams, Samuel. American Statesman 1722. .1803 
 
 Adams, Thos. Ejected Nonconformist. {Protestant Union) — ..1670 
 Adams, Sir Thomas. Lord Mayor; Loyalist; Benefactor. 1586. .1667 
 
 Adams, Rev. William, d.d. Writer against Hume 1707. .1789 
 
 Adamson, Patrick. Archbishop of St. Andrews 1536. -1592 
 
 Adanson, Michael. French Naturalist 1727. .1806 
 
 Addington, Henry, First Viscount Sidmouth. Statesman. 
 
 Life by Pellew, 1847 1755. .1844 
 
 Addison," Joseph. {Spectator.) Life by Richard Steele, 
 
 1724; Sprengel, 1810; Lucy Aikin, 1843; Macaulay, 
 
 1843 ; Elwin, 1857 1672 . . 1719 
 
 Addison, Launcelot. Dean of Lichfield 1632. .1703 
 
 Adelaar, Cord Sivertsen. Naval Commander 1622. . 1675 
 
 Adelaide, Madame. Aunt of Louis XVI 1732. . 1800 
 
 Adelaide. Princess of Orleans ; sister of Louis Philippe. . 1777. . 1847 
 Adelaide. Q. of Eng. Consort of Wm. IV. Life by Doran 1 792 . . 1849 
 Adelard. Cousin of Charlemagne. Founder of New Corbie 
 
 Abbey 753?. 826 
 
 Adelard. Monk of Bath. Translator and Writer fl. 1130 
 
 Adelbert, Abp. of Bremen and Hamburg. Regent — . . 1072 
 
 Adelbold. Bishop of Utrecht. {Life of Emp. Henry II.) 960?. 1027 
 Adeler, or Adelaar. Cord Sivertsen. Naval Commander 1622. .1675 
 Adelgrief, John Albert. German Religious Enthusiast. . — ..1636 
 
 Adelm, or Aldhelm, which see. . .• 656. . 709 
 
 Adelung, John Christopher. German Philologist 1732. .1806 
 
 Aderaar, or Aymar. Monk and Chronicler of St. Martial. 
 
 Life by Castaigne, 1850 998?. 1030? 
 
 Adeodatus I., or Dieudonn^. Bishop of Rome (615-18). — .. 618 
 
 Adeodatus II., or Dieudonne. (672-76) — . . 676 
 
 Ader, Wra. Phys. of Toulouse. {De JEgrotis Evangelicis) fl. 1621 
 Adet, Peter Aug. French Envoy and Chemical Writer. . 1763. .1832? 
 Adhad-Eddonlat. Emperor of Persia. Friend of learning 936.. 983 
 
 Adhelm, St. See Aldhelm 656. . 709 
 
 Adhemar, William. Provencal Poet — . . 1 190? 
 
 Adimaxi, Alexander, of Florence. Scholar and Poet i579- • 1649 
 
 Adimari, Louis, of Florence. Satirist 1644. .1708 
 
 Adler, Philip. Patricius, ot Paticina. German Engraver 1484,. 1530? 
 
6 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIES. 
 
 Adler, James George Christian. Danish Orientalist. 
 
 (^Museum Cujicum) .1755 • • ^^<^5 
 
 Adler Salvius, John. Swedish Statesman 1590 • • 1652 
 
 Adierbeth, Gudmuud Joran. Swedish Author 1751-. 1818 
 
 Adlerfeldt, Gustavus. Swedish Historian 1671.. 1709 
 
 Adlzreitter, John. {Annals of Bavaria) 1596. . 1662 
 
 Ado. Abp. of Vienna (860-75). Historian 800? . 875 
 
 Adolplius of Wassau. German Emperor. Life by Wag- 
 ner, 1775; Leuchs, 1798; Spandau, 1827 1252? . 1298 
 
 Adolphfus Frederick II. King of Sweden (1751-71). . . 17 10. .1771 
 Adolphus, John. Historical Writer. {Life of Geo. III.) 1766. .1845 
 
 Adorni, Catherine Fieschi. Italian Religious Writer 1447? . 15 10 
 
 Adrain, Robert. Irish-American Educator 1775 . . 1843 
 
 Adrets, Frs. de Beaumont, Baron des. Huguenot Leader 1513. .1587 
 
 Adriam, Marie, of Lyons. Female Patriot i777- -1793 
 
 Adrian. Emperor of Rome (117-138). Life by Flemmer, 
 
 1836 ; Gregorovius, 1851 76. . 138 
 
 Adrian. Greek Writer on the Scriptures fl 5 th. c. 
 
 Adrianl. Pope (772-95) —..795 
 
 Adrian II. (867-72.) — . . 872 
 
 Adrian in. (884-85.) Agapit — . . 885 
 
 Adrian IV. (11 54-59.) Nich.BreaJcspear. Life by Raby, 1849 1 100? . 1 1 59 
 
 Adrian V. (1276.) Otioboni Fieschi — . . 1276 
 
 Adrian VI. (1522-3.) L. byMoring, 1536; Burmann, 1727 1459. .1523 
 Adrian de CasteUo. Cardinal. Bp. Bath&W. (1504-18) 1450?. 1518 
 
 Adriani, John Baptist. {History of his Own Times) 1513- -1579 
 
 Adriani, Marcel. Florentine Writer i533- • 1604 
 
 Adriani, Marcel Virgil. Florentine Scholar 1464. .1521 
 
 Adriano. Spanish Painter — . . 1630 
 
 Adriansen, Alexander. Flemish Artist 1625?. — 
 
 Adriciioniius, Christian. Dutch Writer on Hoh'^ Land. . 1533. -1585 
 
 Adry, John Felicissime. French Writer 1749- • i§i8 
 
 ..ffigidius de Columna. -Mbs« Pro/oMwrf i)ocj5or. Schoolman — .-1316 
 .ffigidius, Peter, of Antwerp. Scholar ; friend of Sir T. More i486 . . 1 533 
 .ffigidius, Peter, of Antwerp. Oriental Traveler ......... 1490. .1555 
 
 .^gineta, Pancus, of ^gina. Medical Writer .' • — . . 630? 
 
 .ffiginhard, or Eginhard. {Life of Charlemagne) 77i'. 839 
 
 .^Ifric. SeeAlfric. 
 
 .ffllian, Claudius. Historian and Rhetorician fl.ab.25oA.D. 
 
 .ZEUus Donatus. Grammarian at Rome A- 356 
 
 ^lius Spartianus. • Biographer of Roman Emperors ... fl. 300? 
 
 .ffllred. See Ailred. Historian 1109. .1166 
 
 .ffilst, Everhard van. Dutch Painter 1602 . . 1658 
 
 .^Ist, William van, nephew. Dutch Painter , . 1620. . 1679 
 
 .ffimilianus, C. Julius. Emperor (253) 208? . 253 
 
 .ffimilius, Paulus. Macedonicus. Captor of Perseus 23o?b.c.i6o 
 
 ^milius, Paulus. French Historian — . . 1529 
 
 .ffineas, or iEngus. Irish Bishop and Hagiographer — .. 820 
 
 -ffineas Gazaeus. Christian Writer. ( Theophrastus) fl. 487 
 
 .ffineas Sylvius. Pope Pius II. Life by himself 1405 . . 1464 
 
 .^nssas Tactions. Greek Military Writer fl. b.c. 362? 
 
 .^pinus, Francis Maria Ulric Theodore. Electrician 1724. . 1802 
 
 -^pinus, John. German Reformer i499' . ^553 
 
 3, or Arisen, Peter. Lange Peter. Dutch Painter 1519. . 1575^ 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 7 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Aerts, Richard. Dutch Painter 1482. .1577 
 
 .^sclaines. Athenian Orator. Life by Wolf, 1572; 
 
 Matthagi, 1770; Norberg, 1792; Stechow, 1841 3893,0.314 
 
 ^ffiscliylus. Greek Tragedian 525B.C.456 
 
 .ZEsop. Fabulist. Life by Planudes, 14th cent. ; Meziriac, 
 
 1632, tr. by Toland; Westermann, 1845 fl.570? B.C. 
 
 ^^tliicus, or Ethicus. Latin Writer of Istria. ( Cosmogra- 
 
 jMa) fl. 4th c. 
 
 Aetion. Greek Painter. {Alexander''s Nuptials) fl. ti. Had'n 
 
 Aetius. Greek Medical Writer of Mesopotamia fl.A.D.500? 
 
 Aetius. Roman Commander in Chief of the West — 'a.d.454 
 
 Afer, Domitius, of Nismes. Roman Orator — . . 60 
 
 Affiitto, Matthew. Italian Law- Writer 1448. .1524 
 
 AfEo, Irenaeus. Italian Historian. {Histurp of Parn\a) .. 1742. .iSoo"^ 
 
 Affre, Denis Augustus. Archbishop of Paris .• 1 793 . . 1848 
 
 Aflfry, Louis Augustine Philip, Ct. d'. Swiss Statesman. 1743. .1810 
 
 Afranius, Lucius. Roman Comic Poet fl. B.C. 100? 
 
 Africanus, John Leo. Traveler and Geographer 1483?. 1552 
 
 Africanus, Sextus Csecilius. Roman Jurisconsult fl. 138-160 
 
 Africanus, Sextus Julius. Christian Historian fl. 220? 
 
 Afzelius, Adam. Swedish Naturalist. 1750 . . 1837 
 
 Afzelius, John. Swedish Chemist ^73^' • ^^37 
 
 Aganduru, Roderick Maurice. Spanish Miss, to the East fl^. 1640? 
 
 Agapetus I. Pope (535-536) — . . 536 
 
 AgapetusII. (946-956) — . . 956 
 
 Agar, James d'. French Portrait Painter 1640. .1716 
 
 Agar, John Anthony Michael. French Financier 1771 . • 1844 
 
 Agard, Arthur. Antiquary 1540- • 1615 
 
 Agas, or Aggas, Ralph. Engraver and Surveyor — aft. 1596 
 
 Agasias, of Ephesus. Sculptor. {Borgkese Gladiator) fl.4th c.b.c? 
 
 Agathangelus. Armenian Historian fl. nth c'' 
 
 Agathemerus. Greek Geographer fl.200? a.d. 
 
 Agathias. The Scholar. Byzantine Historian 536?a.d.582? 
 
 Agatho. Pope (679-682) — . . 682 
 
 Agathocles. K. of Sicily. Life by R. Perrinchiefe, 1676 36o?b.c.289 
 
 Agathodaemon, of Alexandria. Geogi-apher fl. 200? a.d. 
 
 Agelnoth, or Ethelnoth. Abp. of Canterbury (1020-38) . . — _. . 1038 
 
 Agesander, of Rhodes. Sculptor. (Laocom) fl. ti. Titus 
 
 Agesilaus II. King of Sparta (338-361) and General. . . 444B.C.360? 
 
 Aggas, Ralph. Engraver and Surveyor — aft. 1596 
 
 Aggas, or Angus, Robert. Landscape-Painter 1619- . 1679 
 
 Aggrippa, M. Vipsanius. Statesm. Life by Gebauer, 1717 ; 
 
 Frandsen, 1836 ; Lankeren Mathes, 1841 ; Eck, 1842 ... 63 B.C. 12 
 
 AgHulph. King of the Lombards (591-619) — . . 619? 
 
 AgisII. Kingof Sparta (427-398) —B.C. 398 
 
 AgisIII. (338-330) —B.C. 330 
 
 AgisIV. (244-240) —B.C. 240 
 
 Aglionby, Edward. Poet fl. ti. Eliz. 
 
 Aglionby, John, D.D. Chaplain to EUz. and James. Divine 1567. .1610 
 Agnesi, ]\Iaria Gaetana. Mathematician. Life by Frisi, 
 
 1807; Milesi-Mojon, 1836 1718. .1799 
 
 Agnesi, Maria Theresa, sister. Musical Composer 1724'. — 
 
 Agnew, Sir Andrew. Scottish Publicist i793- • 1^49 
 
 Agnolo, Baccio d'. Florentine Engraver and Architect. . 1460. .1543 
 
8 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Agobard. Abp. of Lyons (816-40). Life by Hundes- 
 
 hagen, 1831; Mac^, 1846 779- • 840 
 
 Agostini, Leonard. Italian Antiquary — . . 1686? 
 
 Agostino, Paul, of Valerano. Musical Composer i593 • • 1629 
 
 Agoult, William d'. ProvenQal Poet — . . 1 181 
 
 Agreda, Mary of. Spanish Abbess. {Life of Virgin Mary) 1602. . 1665 
 
 Agresti, Livio. Historical Painter — . .1580 
 
 Agricola, Christopher Louis. Painter and Engraver 1667. .1719 
 
 Agricola, Cn. Julius. Roman General. Life by Tacitus. 2)7 • • 93 
 
 Agricola, George, of Saxony. Metallurgist 1494. . 1555 
 
 Agricola, Geo. And. German Phys. and Arboriculturist . 1672. .1738 
 Agricola, John. Antinomian Divine of Saxony. Life by 
 
 Unger, 1732; Kordes, 1817 1492. .1566 
 
 Agricola, John Erederick. Ger. Musician and Composer 1720. .1774 
 Agricola, Martin,* of Magdeburg. {Alusica Instrunitntalis) i486. .1556 
 
 Agricola, Michael. Finnish Translator of Bible — ••1557 
 
 Agricola, Rudolph. Scholar. Life by Tresling, 1830 1443.. 1485 
 
 Agrippa, Camillus. Milanese Architect fl. 1583 
 
 Agrippa, Henry Cornelius. Soldier, Writer, &c. ( Occult 
 
 Philosophy.) Life by H..Morley i486. .1535 
 
 Agrippa I., Herod. King of the Jews. Acts xii 9B.C.44A.D. 
 
 Agrippa II., Herod. Son of Agrippa I. Acts xxvi 31.. 100 
 
 Agrippa, Posturaus, son; grandson of Augustus 12B.C.14A.D. 
 
 Agrippina I. The Elder. Wife of Germanicus. Life by 
 
 Eliz. Hamilton, 1800 ; Burkhardt, 1846 i2?bc.33A.d 
 
 Agrippina II. The Younger. Daughter of Germanicus ; 
 
 mother of Nero -. 15 ? . 60 
 
 Aguado, Alexander Maria. French Financier 1784. . 1842 
 
 Aguesseau, H. F. d'. Chancellor of Fr. See D'Aguesseau 1668. .1751 
 
 AguUar, Grace. Writer. {Home Influence) 1816. . 1847 
 
 Aguillon, Francis. Flemish Mathematician 1566. . 161 7 
 
 Aguirre, Joseph Saenz de. Cardinal. Writer and Com- 
 piler 1630. .1699 
 
 Agujari, Lucretia. Italian Vocalist — . . 1 783 
 
 Agustina, of Saragossa. Spanish Patriot — . . 1857 
 
 Agylaeus, Henry. Lawyer and Scholar I533''- 1595 
 
 Ahlwardt, Peter. Gerrnan Metaphysician 1710..1791 
 
 Ahmed. Ottoman Emperors. See 'Achmet. 
 
 Ahmed-ben-Fares, or El Razi. Ar. Lawyer and Lex. — . . 990 
 
 Ahmed Khan. Mogul King of Persia (1282-84) — . . 1284 
 
 Ahmed Shah el Abdaly. 1st K. of Candahar & Cabul.. 1723. .1773 
 
 Ahrendt, or Arents, Martin Frederick. Antiquary 1769. . 1824 
 
 Aidan. King of Scotland (578-606) 528. . 606 
 
 Aidan, St. Bishop of Lindisfarne — . . 651 
 
 Aignan, Stephen. French Republican and Writer 1773 . . 1824 
 
 Aikin, Arthur. Scientific Writer 1 784 . . 1854 
 
 Aikin, John, m. d. Biog. Life by Lucy Aikin, 1823 1 747 .. 1822 
 
 Aikin, Miss Lucy. Writer. Life by Le Breton 1781 . . 1864 
 
 Aikman, William. Scottish Portrait-Painter 1682 . . 1 731 
 
 Ailly, Peter d'. Cardinal. DAigledes Docteursde France.. 1350.. 1425? 
 
 Ailred. Abbot of Revesby. Historical Writer 1109. .1166 
 
 Aim6-Martin, Louis. French Writer. {Education des 
 
 meres defamille) — . . 1846 
 
 Almoin, of Aquitaine. {Eisiory of France) — . . 1008 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 9 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ainsworth, Henry. Nonconf. Divine and Commentator — ..1622? 
 
 Ainsworth, Robert. {Latin Dictionary) 1660. . 1743 
 
 Airault, Peter. Advocate of Paris 1536. . 1601 
 
 Airay, Rev. Christopher. Writer on Logic 1609? . 1670 
 
 Array, Hemy, of Oxford. Calvinistic Divine 1560. . 1616 
 
 Aistulph. king of the Lombards; defeated by Pepin . . — .. 756 
 
 Aiton, William. Botanist. {Hortus Kewensis) 1731 . .1793 
 
 Aitzema, Leo van. {History of United Provinces) 1600. . 1669 
 
 Ajala, Martin Perez d'. Abp. of Valencia. {Apostolic 
 
 Tradition)' 1504- • 1566 
 
 Akakia, Martin. Medical Writer at Paris 1539. . 1588 
 
 Akbar, Emp. of Hindostan (1556-1605). L. by Aboul-Fazl 1542. . 1605 
 Akenside, Mark, m. d. Poet. L. by Bucke, 1832; Dyce 1721 . .1770 
 Akerblad, John David. Swed. Orientalist and Antiq. . . 1760?. 1819 
 
 AJsers, Benjamin Paul. American Sculptor 1825 . . 1862 
 
 Akiba-ben-Joseph. Jewish Rabbi and Cabalist — • • i35 
 
 Alabaster, William. {Lexicon Pentaylotton: Roxana)... 1567?. 1640 
 
 Alain Chartier. ( Chronicle of Charles VI I.) 1386. . 1458 
 
 Alain de Lille, tiniversnl Doctor 1114. . 1203? 
 
 Alain, John. Danish Writer. ( Origin of the Cim^ri) 1569. . 1630 
 
 Alanaan, Lucas. Mexican Statesman — . . 1853 
 
 Alamandus, Louis. Aleman. French Cardinal 1390- • 1450 
 
 Alamanni, Louis. Florentine Statesman and Poet 1495 . . 1556 
 
 Alan. Abbot of Tewkesbury. {Xife of Thomas a Becket) 1171^.1201 
 
 Alan, of Lynn. Theologian. {Moralia Bibliorum) — . .1420 
 
 Alan, Cardinal. See Allen 1532. .1594 
 
 Aland, Sir John Fortescue, Baron Fortescue. Judge. 
 
 ( Stradliufi versus Styles) 1670 .. 1 746 
 
 Alarcon y Mendoza, Juan Ruiz de. Span. Dramatist. . — aft. 1634 
 
 Alard, Lambert. Theologian and Lexicographer 1602.. 1672 
 
 Alard, Maria Jos. Louis. French Physician i779- • 1850 
 
 Alaric I. King of Visigoths. Conqueror of Rome, 410. . — .. 410 
 
 Alaric TL. (484-507. ) Defeated by Clovis, 507 — . . 507 
 
 Alasco, John. Reformer of Poland 1499 . . 1560 
 
 Alava, Miguel Ricardo d'. Spanish Statesman 1771 . . 1843 
 
 Alava Esquviel, Diego d'. Bishop of Cordova. {Gen. 
 
 Councils) — . .1562 
 
 Alban, St. British ProtomartjT — . . 285? 
 
 Albanese. Italian Musician 1729? . 1800 
 
 Albani, Alexander. Cardinal. Virtuoso and Historical 
 
 Writer. Life by Strocchi, 1790 1692. .1779 
 
 Albani, or Albano, Francis. Painter of Females 1578 . . 1660 
 
 Albani, John Francis. Cardinal. Roman Statesman 1720. .1809 
 
 Albani, John Jerome. Cardinal. Civilian 1504- -1591 
 
 Albano, John Baptist. Historical and Landscape Painter. — ..1668 
 Albany, Louisa, Countess of. Wife of Young Pretender. . 1753. .1824 
 Albaten, or Albategni. Arabian Geometer and Astron- 
 omer. Inventor of Sines — . . 939 
 
 Albenas, John J., Viscount of. French Politician 1760. . 1824 
 
 Albergati Capacelli, Francis, Marquis d'. Dramatist. . . 1729. . 1804 
 Albergotti. Francis. Civilian at Florence. ( On the 
 
 Digest) — , . 1376 
 
 Alberic of Trois-Fontaines. Chronicler fl.ab. 1241 
 
 Alberici, Henry. Italian Historical and Religious Painter. 1714. . 1775 
 
10 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Albericus, John. Antiquary. See Aubrey 1626. . 1697? 
 
 Alberoni, Julius. Cardinal. Spanish Minister. Life bv 
 
 Rousset de Missy, 1719 ; G. Moore, 1806 '. 1664. .1752 
 
 Albert I. Emperor. Duke of Austria 1 1248 . , 1308 
 
 Albert II. Duke of Austria V. Life by Wenck, 1770. . 1398. .1439 
 
 Albert I. Duke of Austria. Emperor 1 1248. . 1308 
 
 Albert H. The Lame and The Wise 1289. . 1358 
 
 Albert IH 1348. . 1395 
 
 Albert IV. The Patient i377= •> 1404 
 
 Albert V. The Illustrious. Emperor II ". . 1398 . . 1439 
 
 Albert VI. The Prodigal 1418. . 1463 
 
 Albert. Archduke of Austria. Gov. of Netherlands. 
 Life by Lemire, 1622 ; Montgaillard, 1622 ; Brusle de 
 
 Montplainchamp, 1683; Charles Dubois, 1847 1559. .1621 
 
 Albert I. Margrave of Brandenburg. The Bear and The 
 
 Fair 1106. .1170 
 
 Albert II — . . 1221 
 
 Albert HI. The Achilles and The Ulysses i4i4' • i486 
 
 Albert. First Duke of Prussia 1490. .1568 
 
 Albert. Margrave of Baireuth. Alcibiades of Germany.. 1522.. 1555 
 
 Albert. Prince Consort of England 1819 . . 1861 
 
 Albert. Abp. of Mentz. Conspirator against Henry VII. — . .1137 
 
 Albert. The Great. See Albertus Magnus 1 193 • • 1280 
 
 Albert. Cardinal. Archbishop of IVJ^igdeburg 1489- -1545 
 
 Albert of Aix, or Albertus Aquensis. Historian 1060 '' . 1 120 
 
 Albert, of Mecklenburg. King of Sweden — . . 1412 
 
 Albert of Stade. Chronicler (fi-om Creation to 1256). 
 
 Life by Eckhard, 1726 — aft.1260 
 
 Albert of Strasburg. Chronicler (from 1270 to 1378). . fl. 14th c. 
 Albert, Charles d'. Duke of Luynes. Constable of Fr.. 1578. .1621 
 Albert, Erasmus. German Divine. {Koran of the Cor- 
 deliers) — • • 1551 
 
 Albert, Krantz. {EisUyry of Saxony and the Vandals). ... — • • 1517 
 
 Alberli, Aristotile. Italian Engineer fl. i6th c. 
 
 Alberti, Cherubino. Florentine Painter 1552. .1615 
 
 Aiberti, Dominic. Venetian Musician fl. i8th c. 
 
 Alberti, Durante. Painter in Oil and Fresco 1538 . . 1613 
 
 Alberti, Joh. German Orientalist. ( Observat. Phihlog. in 
 
 N.T.) - ..1559 
 
 Alberti, John. Painter of Perspective and History 1558. .1601 
 
 Alberti, John Charles. Fresco Painter 1680. .1740 
 
 Alberti, Leander. Dominican Writer i479- •1552' 
 
 Alberti, Leon Baptist. Poet, Architect, Painter, Sculptor. 1404. .1472 
 Alberti, Louis Joseph d'. Prince of Grimberghen. Field 
 
 Marshal and Ambassador of Emperor Charles VII.. . . 1672. .1758 
 
 Alberti, Michael. Medical Writer at Hall 1682. .1757 
 
 Alberti, Solomon. Anatomist i549- • 1600 
 
 Alberti di Villanova, Francis. Italian Lexicographer. . 1731 . . 1800? 
 Albertinelli, Mariotto di Bagio. Florentine Painter. . . . 1475?. 1520 "" 
 
 Albertini, Francis. Florentine Antiquary fl. i6th c. 
 
 Albertini, Francis. Calabrian Jesuit. {De Anyelo 
 
 Custode) — . . 1619 
 
 Albertini, Paul. Venetian Priest, Author and Politician. 1430?. 1475 
 Albertrandy, John Christian. Polish Numismatist 1731 • • 1808 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 11 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Alb ertus Magnus. Schoolman. Life by Flaminio ii93?.i28o 
 
 Albertus, H. C. German Painter and Engraver — . . 1680? 
 
 Albezi, Bartholomew. Franciscan Monk — . . 140 1 
 
 Albi, Henry. Jesuit Writer. {History of Illustrious Car- 
 dinals) 1519. .1659 
 
 Albignac, Maurice. French Soldier 1775 . . 1824 
 
 Albini, Alexander. Italian Painter i ^6'S'i . 1646 
 
 Albini, Francis Joseph. German Diplomatist 1748. . 1816 
 
 Albinus, Bernard. Weiss. Medical Writer 1653. .1721 
 
 Albinus, Bernard Siegfried, son. German Anatomist 1696, . 1770 
 
 Albinus-, Christian Bernard, brother. Anatomical Writer, — . .1752 
 Albinus, Decimus Clodius. Rival of Septimus Severus. — .. 197 
 
 Albinus, L. Postumius. Consul; slain by the Boii — B.c.216 
 
 Albis, or White, Thomas. Philosopher. Friend of Hobbes . 1582.. 1676 
 
 Albisson, John. French Lawyer and Author 1732 . . 1810 
 
 Albitte, Anthony Louis. French Jacobin — ..1812 
 
 Albizzi, Bartholomew. Tuscan Cordelier: Writer — . . 1401 
 
 Albo, Joseph. Spanish Rabbi. {Sepher Hikkarim) — ..1428 
 
 Alboin. King of the Lombards — . . 573 
 
 Albon, James d'. Marquis of Fronsac. French General . . — ..1562 
 Alboresi, James, of Bologna. Landscape and Architect- - 
 
 ural Painter 1632. . 1677 
 
 Albornoz, Giles Alvarez Carillo. Abp. of Toledo : Card. . — •■''^3^7 
 
 Albrecbt, William. German Agricultm-ist 1786. . 1848 
 
 Albrechtsberger, John George. German Composer, . . . 1736. . 1809 
 Albret, Jeanne d'. • Queen of Navarre. See D'Albret.. . 1528. . 1572 
 
 Albucasis. Arabian Physician — . . 1 106? 
 
 Albumazar. Arabian Astronomer 776? , 885 
 
 Albuquerque, Alphonso d', Portuguese Conqueror in 
 
 India, Life by his son, 1557 i453- • 1515 
 
 Albuquerque, Matthias, Portuguese General — , , 1646 
 
 Albuquerque Coelho, Edward d'. Soldier. ( Wars of 
 
 Brazil) » — . . 1658 
 
 Alceeus. Lyric Poet of Lesbos fl.ab.6iiB,c. 
 
 Alcamenes. Athenian Sculptor fl.444B.c,4oo 
 
 Alcasar, Louis de. Span. Jesuit, Writer on Apocalypse, 1554. .1613 
 Alciati, Andi'ew, Civilian; Restorer of Roman Law. ., . 1492. .1550 
 
 Alciati, John Paul, of Milan. Socinian Writer ti. i6th c. 
 
 Alcibiades. Athenian General and Statesman 45o?b,c,404 
 
 Alcinous. Platonic Phil, {Doctrines of Plato) .. A.ist or 2d c.a.d. 
 
 Alciplion. Greek Writer. . fl,ab,A.D.i7o 
 
 Alcman. Lyric Poet of Sardis £,6.0,670? 
 
 Alcock, John, Bp, ofEly. Founder of Jesus Coll, Camb, — ,.1500 
 
 Alcock, John, Musical Composer 1715- • 1806 
 
 Alcred. King of Northumbria ( 765-774) , , , 740? , 789 
 
 Alcuin. Flacius Albinus. Theologian. Life by Lorenz, 
 
 1829, translated by Slee, 1837 725?. 804 
 
 Aleyonius, Peter, Italian Writer 1487 . . 1527? 
 
 Alday, John. Translator of Theatrum Mundi fl. i6th c, 
 
 Aldegrever, or Oldegrsef, Henry. Paint. andEngr... 1502.. 1563 
 Alden, John, Early Settler in Plymouth, New England. — . . 1687 
 
 Alderete, Diego Gratian. Spanish Writer — d.ti.PhiLII. 
 
 Alderoti, Thaddeus. Florentine Phys. L. by Villani.. 1215. .1295 
 Aldhelm, St. Bishop of Sherborne. Life by Faricius. . 656.. 709 
 
12 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Aldhun. First Bishop of Durham — . . 1018 
 
 Aldred. Archbishop of York — . . 1069 
 
 Aldrich, Henry. Dean. Theol., Logician, Composer .. 1647. .1710 
 
 Aldrich, Robert. Bishop of Carlisle — , .1556 
 
 Aldrovandini, Thomas, of Bologna. Painter 1653. .1736 
 
 Aldrovandus, Ulysses. Naturalist 1522. . 1607 
 
 Aldus. See Manutius '. i449- -1515 
 
 AJeander, Jerome. Cardinal. Opponent of Luther. . . . 1480. .1542 
 Aleander, Jerorpe, nephew. The Younger. Scholar and 
 
 Antiquary 1574. • 1629 
 
 Alegarabe, Philip. Jesuit. {Bibl. Scriptorum Soc.Jesu) i^c)2. .16^2 
 Aleraan, Louis. Cardinal. Abp. of Aries. Statesman. .. 1390. .1450 
 Aleman, Matthew. Span. Writ. {Guzman d" Alfar ache) . fl. i6th c. 
 Alemand, Lewis Aug., of Grenoble. Advocate and Writ. 1653 . .1728 
 
 Alembert d'. See D'Alembert. Mathematician 1717..1 783 
 
 Alen, or Olen, John van. Dutch Painter 165 1 . . 1698 
 
 AJen9on, Charles de Valois, Count of; fell at Crecy — . . 1346 
 
 Alen9on, Charles, Duke of, and of Anjou. Suitor of Eliz. . 1489. .1584 
 Aleii9on, John de Valois, First Duke of; fell at Agincourt 1385. .1415 
 
 Aleni, Thomas. Italian Painter 1500. , 1560 
 
 Alenio, Julius. Jesuit Missionary to China 1582 , . 1649 
 
 Aleotti, John Baptist. Italian Architect 1 546 . , 1636 
 
 Aler, Paul. Jesuit. ( Gradus ad Parnnssum) 1656. .1727 
 
 Ales, or Alesius, Alexander. Scottish Protestant Divine . 1500.. 1565 
 Alesio, Matthew Peter d'. Roman Painter and Engraver — . .1600 
 
 Alessi, Galeas. Arckitect 1500 . . 1 572 
 
 Aletino, Benedict. Anti -Cartesian Philosopher — . . 1 719 
 
 Alexander. Tvrant of Pherae — B.0.359 
 
 Alexander the "Great. K. Maced. (336-23). Life by Q. 
 Curtius; Jul. Valerius, 1589; Lesfargues. 1639; Gau- 
 denzio, 1645 ; Lehmann, 1667 ; Fessler, 1797 ; Miiller, 
 1830; Archd. John Williams, 1830; Droysen, 1833; 
 
 Pfizer, 1845 356B.C.323 
 
 Alexander Balas. King of Syria (150-146) — B.c.146 
 
 Alexander Jannseus. King of the Jews (104*-77) — b.c. 77 
 
 Alexander. King of the Jews; son of Aristobulus II — b.c. 49 
 
 Alexander Severus. Emperor of Rome (222-235) 205 . . 235 
 
 Alexander I. Pope (109-119) — . . 119 
 
 Alexander II. (1061-73.) Ansehn de Badage — . . 1073 
 
 Alexander III. (1159-81) — ..1181 
 
 Alexander IV. (1254-61.) Rmjnald, or Roland — . . 1261 
 
 Alexander V. (1409-10.) Peier Filargo 1339?, 1410 
 
 Alexander VT. (1492-1503.) Borgia. T>ife by J. Burchard, 
 1697; Alex, Gordon, 1729; Masse, 1830; Delafontaine, 
 
 1844 1430-1..1503 
 
 Alexander VII. (1655-67.) Life by Pallavicino, 1840. 1599. .1667 
 
 Alexander VIII. (1689-91.) Peter Oltobon ■ . 1610. . 1691 
 
 Alexander I. King of Scotland (1107-24.) TheFierCb. — ..1124 
 
 Alexander II. (1214-1249.) 119b. T249 
 
 Alexander III. (1249-85) 1241 . . 1285 
 
 Alexander Jagellon. King of Poland (1501-6 ) 146 1 . .1506 
 
 Alexander Nevskoi, St. Grand Duke of Russia I2i8''.i263 
 
 Alexander I. Emp. Russia (1801-25). Life by Rumpf, 
 1814 ; Cousin d'Avallon, 1826 ; Leidenfrost, 1826 ; 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 13 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 . Egron, 1826 ; Rabbe, 1826 ; Henry Evans Lloyd, 1826 ; 
 Morgenstern, 1827; Broecker, 1827; Choiseul-Gouffler, 
 
 1829; Voigt, 1830; Schischkoff, 1832 1777. .1825 
 
 Alexander. Bishop of Jerusalem (211-''-251) — . . 251 
 
 Alexander. Bp. o£ Alexandria (312?-25'); 0pp. of Arius — .. 326 
 
 Alexander. Bishop of Lincoln (1123-47) — . . 1147 
 
 Alexander, of Paris. Poet. Inventor of " Alexandrine " 
 
 Measure. {Alexander the Great) fl. 12th c. 
 
 Alexander. English Abbot, Envoy, and Writer — ..121 7? 
 
 Alexander, Archibald. American Divine 1772. . 1851 
 
 Alexander, Benedictus, of Verona. Anatomist fl. 1503 
 
 Alexander, Massarias, of Vicenza. Medical Writer — . . 1598 
 
 Alexander, Nich., of St. Maur. Med. and Bot. Writer. . . 1654. .1728 
 Alexander, Noel, or Natalis. Dominican Church Hist.. . 1639. .1724 
 Alexander, Thomas. Earl of Selkirk. Political Writer. — ..1820 
 Alexander, Wm., Earl of Stirling. Officer and Astron. 1726.. 1783 
 Alexander, Sir Wm. E., of Stirling. Statesman and Poet 1580? .1640 
 Alexander, ab Alexandre. Lawyer. {Genial. Dierum) 1461. .1523 
 
 Alexander of Hales. Irrefragable Doctor — . . 1245 
 
 Alexander Neckam, or Nequam. Abbot of Exeter — . . 1227 
 
 Alexander Trallianus. Greek Physician fl. 6th c. 
 
 Alexandrini de Neustain, Julius. Medical Writer .... 1506. .1590 
 
 Alexis. Piedmontese Traveler. {De Secreiis) — . . 1465' 
 
 Alexis. Michaelovitch. Czar of Russia (1645-76) 1630. . 1676 
 
 Alexis. Petrovitch. Czar of Russia 1690. .1718 
 
 Alexis del Arco. Spanish Portrait-Painter 1625 . .1700 
 
 Alexius I., Comnenus. Emperor. Life by A. Comnena. 1048. .1118 
 Alexius II., Comnenus. Porphyrogenilus. Eastern Em- 
 peror (1180-83) ■ 1167. .1183 
 
 Alexius III., Angelus Comnenus. (1195-1203) — aft.1210 
 
 Alexius IV"., Angelus 1190?. 1204 
 
 Alexius v., Ducas. Murtzujfle. (1204) — . . 1204 
 
 Aleyn, Charles. Historical Poet — . . 1640? 
 
 Alfani, Horatius. Italian Painter * 153°'. 1583 
 
 Alfkrabius. Arabian Philosopher — . , 950 
 
 Alfaroy Gamon, John de. Spanish Painter 1640. . 1680 
 
 A1 fieri, Victor. Italian Poet. Life by himself; Zezou, 1835 1749. .1803 
 
 Alfonso. See Alphonso'. 
 
 Alford, Michael. Griffith. Jesuit Missionary in England. 
 
 {Britannia lUustrata) ' 1587. . 1652 
 
 Alfragan. The Calculator. Arabian Astronomer — . . 820 
 
 Alfrago, Andrew. Italian Physician — . . 1520 
 
 Alfred. King of Northumbria (686-705) — . . 705 
 
 Alfred the Great. Life by Asser; Robert Powell, 1634; 
 Spelman, 1678; A. Bicknell, 1777; Stolberg, 1815 ; Dr. 
 FauU; Giles {Hai-mony of the Chroniclers of Alfred) . . 849.. 901 
 Alfred. Monk of Malmesbury ; Bp. of Crediton. Writer fl. loth c. 
 Alfred, or Alured, of Beverley. Historian — . .1126? 
 
 Alfred, or Alured. Anglicus and The Philosopher — , 
 
 Alfric. Abp. of Cant. (994-1006). Abbas or Grammaticus) — 
 
 Alfric. Archbishop of York (1023-51). Writer — 
 
 Algardi, Alexander. Sculptor and Architect 1598 
 
 Algarotti, Francis. Ital. Critic and Philosophical Writer 1712 
 AJghalib-Billah. First Moorish King of Granada 1195 
 
 ,1270 
 ,1006 
 ,1051 
 ,1654 
 1764 
 1273 
 
14 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Algliazzal. Arabian Philosopher 1058. .iiii 
 
 Alghisi, Francis, of Brescia. Musical Composer 1666. .1733 
 
 Alghisi, Thomas. Italian Lithotomist 1669. .1713 
 
 Alhazel, or Alhazen. Arabian Astronomer and Optician — . . 1038 
 Ali. Son-in-law of Mahomet. Fourth Caliph (1655-61). . 602?. 661 
 
 Ali-bassa. Ottoman General ... 1594''. 1663 
 
 Alibaud, Louis. Fr. Fanatic who attempt, life of L. Philippe 1810 . . 1830 
 Ali Beg, or Beigh. Dragoman and Translator of Bible. . — ..1675 
 
 AU Bey. Adventurer. Ruler of Egypt (1766-73) 1 728 . . 1 773 
 
 Ali Bey. See Badia. Spanish Traveler and Projector . . 1766. .1818 
 Ali Pasha. Viziir of Janina. Life by Pouqueville, 1820; 
 
 Beauchamps, 1822; Alcaini, 1823; Davenport, 1837 . . . I74i?.i822 
 
 Alibrandi, Jerome. Sicilian Painter 1470 . .1524 
 
 Alison, Rev. Archibald. {Essays on Taste) i757" i^39 
 
 Alison, Wm. Pulteney, m.d., of Edinb. Medical Writer. 1770. . 1859 
 Allainval, Leonor Soulas d'. French Dramatic Poet ... . — ••i753 
 
 Allam, Andrew, of Oxford. Writer 1655 . . 1685 
 
 AUamand, John Nich. Sebastian. French Naturalist. . . . 1713. .1787 
 
 Allan, David. Portrait and Historical Painter i744' '1796 
 
 Allan, George. Antiquary — . . 1800 
 
 AJlan, Thomas. Mathematician and Antiquary 1542. . 1632 
 
 Allan, Sir William. Historical Painter 1782. . 1850 
 
 Allard, Guy. French Writer 1645 . .1716 
 
 Allard, John Francis. French General 1785 . . 1839' 
 
 Allard, Peter Gilbert Leroi Baron d'. Fr. Political Econ. 1749. . 1809 
 
 Allardice, Robert Barclay. Scottish Pedestrian i779- -1854 
 
 Allart, Mary Gay. French Authoress 1750- • 1821 
 
 AUatius, or Allacci, Leo. Wr. at Rome. {Apes Vrharm). 1586.. 1669 
 
 AHegrain, Christopher Gabriel. French Sculptor 1711 . . 1795 
 
 Allegri, Antonio. Corregio. Italian Painter i494- '1534 
 
 AUegri, Gregory. Musical Composer. {Miserere) 1580?. 1652 
 
 AUein, Joseph. {Alarm.) Life by Stanford; Baxter 1633. . 1668 
 
 AUein, Richard. Ejected Nonconf. Div. ( Vindicice Pietatis) 161 1 . . i68i 
 AUein, Wm., son. Ejected Nonconformist. {Millennium) 1622- .1677 
 Allemand, Zachary jas. Thos. French Vice-Admiral . . . 1762. .1826 
 
 Allen, Alexander. Philologist 1814. . 1842 
 
 Allen, Benjamin, m.d. Writer on Medicinal Waters .... fl. 1700 
 
 Allen, Ethan. American Colonel •. 1737 .. 1789 
 
 Allen, Henry. American Religious Enthusiast 1748. .1784 
 
 Allen, John. Archbishop of Dublin. Canonist; murdered 1476?. 1534 
 
 Allen, John, m.d. {Synopsis Medicince Practicce) — . .1741 
 
 Allen, John. Dissenting Theologian 1771 . . 1839 
 
 Allen, John, M.D. Historical Writer. {Royal Prerogative) 1771..1843 
 
 Allen, Joseph W. Landscape-Painter 1803 . . 1852 
 
 Allen, Paul. American Journalist and Author i775" 1826 
 
 Allen, Richard. Theologian. {Biographia Ecclesiastica) — ■ -^^7^7 
 
 Allen, Solomon. American Revolutionaiy Patriot 1751 • • 1821 
 
 Allen, or Allan, Thomas. Mathematician and Antiquary 1542. .1632 
 
 Allen, Thomas. Fellow of Eton ; Theological Critic 1 5 73 . . 1636 
 
 Allen, Sir Thomas. Admiral fl.1648-78 
 
 Allen, Thomas. Theologian, {Practice of a Holy Life) 1682. .1755 
 Allen, Thomas. Antiquary. {Antiquities of London) ... iZo-^. .1^23 
 Allen, or Alanus, Wm. Cardinal. Archbishop of Mechlin. 
 
 Life by Fitz-Herbert, 1608; London, 3 vols. 8vo, 1846 . 1532. .1594 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 15 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Allen, William. Chemical Philosopher and Philanthropist 1 770 . . 1843 
 
 Allen, William Henry. American Naval Officer 1784. .1813 
 
 Allent, Peter Alexander Joseph. French General 1772. . 1837 
 
 Allerstain, Aug. German Jesuit Missionary to China, . 1700?. 1777? 
 Allestry, or Allestree, Ed. Royalist, Soldier, and Divine. 1619. . 1681 
 
 Allestry-j Jacob. English Poet — . . 1686 
 
 Alletz, Peter Edw. French Writer 1798 . . 1850 
 
 Alletz, Pons Augustin. French Writer 1703?. 1785 
 
 Alley, Wm. Bp. of Exeter ; Divine and Transl. of Bible . . — . . 1570 
 Alleyn, Edw. Founder of Dulwich Coll. Life by Collier 1566. . 1626 
 
 AJlgaier, John. Chess-Play er and Writer — . . 1826 
 
 AHingham, John Till. Dramatist fl. 1800? 
 
 Allioni, Charles. Italian Physician and Medical Writer . 1725 . . 1804 
 
 Allix, Peter, D.D. Divine 1641..1717 
 
 Alloisi, Balthasar, of Bologna. Galanino. Painter 1578. . 1638 
 
 Allori, Alexander. Bronzino. Florentine Painter 1535.. 1607 
 
 Allori, Christopher, son. Bronzino. Painter i577. • 1619 
 
 Allston, Washington. American Painter and Poet i779. • 1843 
 
 Almagro, Diego de. Companion of Pizarro in Peru .... 1463. .1536 
 
 Almain, James. French Scholastic Divine — '-iSiS 
 
 Almamoun. Caliph of Bagdad (814-33). Philos. & Astron. 786. . "^zi, 
 Almansor, Abu Amer. Caliph of Cordova (976-1002) . . . 939. . 1002 
 Almansor, Abu Jafar. Sec. Abbaside Caliph (754-75). . 712?. 775 
 Almeida, ApoUinarius d'. Port. Mi ssionarj' to Ethiopia. . 1587.. 1638 
 Almeida, Francis. Fifst Portuguese Viceroy in India ... — . . 1510 
 
 Almeida, Lawrence, son. Navigator — . .1508 
 
 Alraeida, Manuel d'. Portuguese Missionary to Indies . . 1580. . 1646 
 Almeloveen, Theodore Janssen van. Medical Writer.. . 1657. .1712 
 Almendingen, Ludwig Harscher von. German Jurist. . 1766. .1827 
 
 Alm6ras, Louis. French General ., 1768 . . 1828 
 
 Almici, Peter Camillus. Italian Classical Scholar 1714- -1779 
 
 Almon, John. Political Writer 1738? . 1805 
 
 Aloaddin. Old Man of the Mountains. Chiefof theAssass. 1211. . — 
 
 Alpago, Andrew. Italian Physician — . . 1555 
 
 Alphen, Jerome van. Dutch Poet, Theol., Jurist, and Hist. 1746. . 1803 
 
 Alp Arslan. Second Sultan of the Seljuk Turks 1030?. 1072 
 
 Alphanus, Benedict. Abp. of Palermo. Phys. and Poet. — . .1086 
 Alphege, or Elphege, St. Archbishop of Canterbury. . . . 954?. 1012 
 Alphonso I. King of Asturias (739-57). The Catholic. 693.. 757 
 Alphonso II. of Astur. and Leon (791-842). The Chaste 758.. 842 
 Alphonso III. of Astur. and Leon (866-912). The Great 848. . 912 
 
 Alphonso IV. of Leon (924-927. ) The Monk — . . 932 
 
 Alphonso V. of Leon (999-1028) 994. . 1028 
 
 Alphonso Vl.of Leon (1066-1109) ; I. of Castile. The Brave 1030. .1109 
 Alphonso VII. (consort of Queen Urraque); not gen- 
 erally reckoned — ••1134 
 
 Alphonso VII. (or VIII.) of Leon (1126-57); 11. of 
 
 Castile. Raymond 1106. .1157 
 
 Alphonso VIII. (or IX.) of Leon (1158-1214); III. of 
 
 Castile. The Noble and The Good ii55 • • 1214 
 
 Alphonso X. (or IX.) of Leon (1252-85); IV. of Castile. 
 
 The Wise and The Astronomer 1203. . 1284 
 
 Alphonso XI. of Leon (1327-50); V. of CastUe. The 
 
 Avenger 1310. . 1350 
 
16 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED, 
 
 Alphonso I. of Aragon (1104-34). The Battler — . .1134 
 
 Alphonso II. of Aragon (1162-96) ii52..i]96 
 
 Alphonso III. of Aragon (1285-91) 1265 . . 1291 
 
 Alphonso IV. of Aragon (1327-36) 1299. . 1336 
 
 Alphonso V. of Aragon (1416-58); I. of Naples. The 
 
 Magnanimous. Life by Becatelli, 1455 1385 . . 1458 
 
 Alphonso I. of Portugal (1137-85). Henriquez 1094, .1185 
 
 AlphonsoII. (1212-23.) The Fat 1185..1223 
 
 Alphonso III. (1248-79.) 1210..1279 
 
 Alphonso IV. (1324-57.) The Brave 1290. . 1357 
 
 Alphonso V. (1438-81.) The African 1432.. 1481 
 
 Alphonso VI. (1656-83) 1643. .1683 
 
 Alphonso I. of Naples (1416-58); V. of Aragon 1385 . . 1458 
 
 Alphonso II. of Naples (1494-95) 1448. . 1495 
 
 Alphonsus, Tostatus. Spanish Bishop and Theologian . 1420.. 1445 
 Alpini, Prosper. Venetian Phys. {De Plantis Exoticis) . . 1553 ?.i6i7 
 
 Alsop, Anthon3^ Poet and Miscellaneous Writer — ••1727 
 
 Alsop, Richard"! American Writer 1761 . . 1815 
 
 Alsop, Vincent. Ejected Nonconformist. {Anti Sozzo) . . — • -^T^Z 
 Alsted, John Henry. Ger. Protestant Div. and Philos.. 1588. .1638 
 Alston, Chas., m.d. Scottish Writ, on Bot. and Medicine. 1683. .1760 
 
 Alstroemer, Jonas. Swedish Public Benefactor 1685 . . 1761 
 
 Altdorfer, or Altorf, Albert. Ger. Engrav. and Painter. 1488. .1538 
 Alten, Charles Augustus, Count. Hanoverian General. . . 1764. .1840 
 
 Alter, Francis Charles. German Jesuit and Critic i749- • 1804 
 
 Althamerus, Andr., of Nuremberg. Reform, in Switz. . 1498. .1540? 
 Althorp, John Chas., Visct., and Earl Spencer. Statesm. 1782. .1845 
 
 Althusen, John. German Civilian. (Politics) i557 • • 1638 
 
 Altilio, Gabriel. Neapolitan Latin Poet 1440''. 1 501? 
 
 Alting, Henry. German Protestant Divine ^5^3" • ^^44 
 
 Alting, Jame*s, son. Professor at Groningen 1618 . . 1679 
 
 Alting, Menson. {Description of the Low Countries).... 1637.. 1713 
 
 Alton, Jos. Wm. Edw. d'. Ger. Archaeol. and Nat ^772. . 1840 
 
 Altorf, Albert. Painter and Engraver 1488 . . 1538 
 
 Altovitis. Marseille d'. Florentine Poetess at Marseilles. 1550. .1606 
 
 Alunno, Nich. Italian Painter, (fl. 15th c.) — aft. 1500 
 
 Alvired, or Aired, of Beverly. Historian — . .1126? 
 
 Alva, Duke of. See Alvarez. L. by De Rustant, 1750. . 1508. .1582 
 Alvarado, Pet. de. Sp. Adventurer; Companion of Cortes — ••15,41 
 
 Alvarez de Luna. Castilian Statesman; beheaded 1388?. 1453 
 
 Alvarez, Diego. Spanish Dominican ; Polemical Divine . — . . 1635 
 Alvarez, Emanuel. Port. Jesuit (JDe Institut. Chrammat.) 1526. .1582 
 Alvarez, Ferd., Duke of Alva, q. v. Sp. Gen. in Netherl. 1505, .1582 
 
 Alvarez, Francis. Portuguese Writer on Abyssinia 151 5 • •1540' 
 
 Alvarez, Gomez. Spanish Poet 1488.. 1538 
 
 Alvarez, Joseph. Spanish Sculptor 1768 . . 1830 
 
 Alvarez, Manuel. El Griego. Spanish Sculptor 1727. .1797 
 
 Alvarotto, James of Padua. {In Libros Feudorum). 1385. .1453 
 
 Alvay Astorga, Peter d'. Span. Franciscan; Traveler. — ..1667 
 Alvensleben, Philip Chas., Count of. Diplom. and Hist. 1745 • • i8°2 
 
 Alviano, Bartholomew. Venetian General 1455. .1515 
 
 Alypius, of Alexandria. {Introduction to Music) fl. ti. Julian 
 
 Amadeus V. Count of Savoy (1285-1323). The Great. 1249. .1323 
 Amadeus VI. (1343-83) 1334. . 1383 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 17 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Amadeus VH. (1383-91.) The Red 1360.. 1391 
 
 Amadeus VIII. (1391-1449.) The Pacific 1383. .1451 
 
 Amadeus IX. Count or Duke of Savoy (1465-72) 1435 . . 1472 
 
 Amaja, or Amaya, Francis. Spanish Civilian — . . 1640? 
 
 Amalaric. King of the Visigoths (526-31) 502.. 531 
 
 Amalarius Syniphosius, of Metz. Eccles. Antiquary. . — . . 837 
 
 Araalasonth.a. Queen of the Goths in Italy 49^^. 535 
 
 Ajnalie. See Amelia. 
 
 Amalric, Arnold. Abp. of Narbonne. Albigens. Crusader — ..1225 
 
 Amalteo, Cornelius. Physician and Poet 1530? . 1603 
 
 Amalteo, Jerome, br. Italian Physician and Poet 1506. .1574 
 
 Amalteo, J. Bapt., br. Papal Secretary and Poet 1525 . .1573 
 
 Amalteo, Pomponio. Venetian Painter 1505 . . — 
 
 Amama, Sixtinus. Dutch Orientalist i593' • 1629 
 
 A man, John. German Architect 1765 . . 1834 
 
 Amtand, St. Bp. of Maestricht; Apostle of the Netherl. . 589.. 679 
 
 Am and, Mark Anthony Gerard, St. See St. Amand 1594- .1661 
 
 Amaseo, Romulus. Italian Scholar i4^9- -1552 
 
 Amati, Pasquaile. Italian Antiquary 1716. .1796 
 
 Amato, John Anthony d'. Neapolitan Painter 1475 . • 1555 
 
 Amato, John Anth. d', neph. The Younger. Neapol. Pa. 1535 . .1590 
 
 Amaury I. King of Jerusalem (1162-73) ii36?.ii73 
 
 Amaury II. King of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1194-1205) . — . . 1205 
 
 Amaya, Francis. Spanish Civilian — . . 1640? 
 
 Amberger, Christopher, of Nurerab. Pa. and Engraver. 1490. .1569? 
 Amboise, Francis d'. French Lawyer and Poet ; Writer.. 1550.. 1620 
 
 Amboise, George d'. Cardinal. See D' Amboise 1460. .1510 
 
 Ambrogi, Dominic. Menechino del Brizio. Painter — ..1660? 
 
 Am.brogio, Theseus. Italian Orientalist 1469. . 1540 
 
 Arabrose, Isaac. Nonconf. Divine. {Looking unto J esus) . — ..1664 
 Ambrose, St. Bp. J\Iilan (374-97). Life by Garcseus, 
 
 1571 ; Godfrey Hermant ; Silbert, 1841 . ./. 34°'*. 397 
 
 Ambrose de Lombez. [Lettres Spirituelles) 1708. .1778 
 
 Ambrosini, Bartholomew, of Bologna. Phys. and Bot.. — . .1657 
 
 Ambrosius, Aurelianus. British King — . . 508? 
 
 Ambrosius, Catharinus Politus. Neapolitan Divine .... . — --^SS^ 
 Ameilhon, Hubert Pascal. ( Commerce of the Egyptians). 1730. .1811 
 Amelia, Anna. Princess of Prussia. Musical Composer . 1723.. 1787 
 Amelia. Duchess of Saxe- Weimar. Patroness of Letters. 1739.. 1807 
 
 Amelia. Princess, daughter of George III 1783. . 1810 
 
 Amelot de la Houssaye, Abrah. Nich. Writer 1634. .1706 
 
 Amelotte, Denis. Fr. Biblical Translator and Comment. 1606. .1678 
 Amelunghi, Jerome. // Gobbo di Pisa. {La Gigantea).. fl. 547 
 
 Amerbach, John. Learned Printer at Basle — --iSiS 
 
 A.merbach, Vitus. Classical Scholar at Ingoldstadt 1487. .1557^ 
 
 Americus Vespucius. Navigator. Life by Baudini, 
 
 1745 ; Lester and Foster, 1846 1451 • • 1516 
 
 Ames, Fisher. American Politician 1758. . 1808 
 
 Ames^. Joseph. ( Typographical Antiquities) 1689. .1759 
 
 Ames, William. Polem. Divine. {Medulla Theologica). 1576.. 1633 
 
 Amherst, JefFery, Lord. Field-Marshal .' 1717. -1797 
 
 Amherst, William Pitt, Second Lord, First Earl, nephew. 
 
 Governor-General of India (1823-27) 1773 • • 1857 
 
 Amhurst, Nich. Poet and Polit. Writer. {Craftsman). 1706?; 1742 
 2 
 
18 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Amici, John Baptist. Italian Astronomer 1784. . 1863 
 
 AmicOj Antonine, of Palermo. (Sicilice Begum Annales). — . .1641 
 
 Amiconi, or Amigoni, James. Venetian Painter., 1675.. 1752 
 
 Amidano, Pomponio. Historical Painter — aft. 1595 
 
 Amiot, Joseph. French Jesuit Missionary to China 1718. .1794 
 
 Amling, Charles Gustavus. German Pa. and Engraver. 1651..1701 
 Amman, John Conrad. Physician for Deaf and Dumb. . 1669. . 1730' 
 
 Am.m.an, John, son. Physician and Botanist 1707. .1741 
 
 Amman, Justus, of Zurich. Engraver and Painter 1539. . 159 1 
 
 Amman, Paul, of Leipsic. Medical and Botanical Writer . 1634.. 1691 
 Ammanate, Barthol. of Florence. Architect and Sculp. . 15 1 1 . .159:^^ 
 
 Ammanate, Laura Battiferri, wife. Poetess 1513..15S9 
 
 Ammianus Marcellinus. Soldier and Historian — .. 390? 
 
 Ammirato, Scipio. {History of Florence) 1531 • • 1601 
 
 Ammon, Andrew. Ital. Latin Poet. Sec. to Henry VIII. . 1477. .1517 
 Ammon, Christopher Frederick. German Theologian.. 1766.. 1820 
 Ammonius Saccas. Platonist of Alexandria. Life 
 
 by Debaut, 1836 160?. 243 
 
 Amontons, William. French Math, and Inventor 1663, .1705 
 
 Amort, Eusebius. Bavarian Theologian 1692. .1775 
 
 Amory, Thos., d.d. Dissenting Divine and Biographer. 1701 . .1774 
 Amory, Thomas. Humorous Writer. {John Buncle). . . 1619 ..1788 
 
 Ampere, Andrew Mary. Scientific Writer 1775 . . 1836 
 
 Ampere, John James Anthony. Writer 1800''. 1864 
 
 Amrou. Saracen Conqueror of Egypt 600?. . 663 
 
 Amsdorf, Nicholas. Lutheran Divine 1483 . .1565 
 
 ■Amsler, Samuel. German Engraver 1791 . . 1849 
 
 Amurath, or Morad, or Murad, I. Turk. Sultan (1360-89) . 1 31 9. . 1389 
 
 Amurath II. (1422-51) 1404. . 1451 
 
 Amuratlilll. (1574-95) 1544. .1595 
 
 Amurath IV. (1623-40) 1610?. 1640 
 
 Amyn Ahmed. £1 Mazy. Per.Wri. {The Seven Climates) fl. 17th c. 
 
 Amyot, James. Bishop of Auxerre. Savant. 1513- -1593 
 
 Amyot, or Amiot, Joseph. French Jesuit Missionary 17 18. .1794 
 
 Amyraut, Moses. French Protestant Theologian ^3^^' • ^^^^ 
 
 Anacharsis. Scythian Traveler and Philosopher n. 594 B.C. 
 
 Anacletus. Bishop of Rome (78-91) — . . 91 
 
 Anacletus. Antipope (1130). Peter de Leon — ..1138 
 
 Anacreon. Greek Lyric Poet. Life by Joshua Barnes, 
 
 1721; Axelson, 1755 563?B.c.478? 
 
 Anastasius I. East. Emp. (491-518). Silentiarius 430 ..518 
 
 Anastasius H. (713-19) — . . 721 
 
 Anastasius I. Pope (398-401) — . . 401 
 
 Anastasius II. (496-98) — . . 498 
 
 Anastasius III. (911-13) — . . 913 
 
 Anastasius IV. (1153-54.) Conrad — --HS^ 
 
 Anastasius. Patriarch of Constantinople — • • 753 
 
 Anastasius, St. Astric. Apostle of the Himgarians. . . . 954. . 1044 
 
 Anaxagoras. Greek Philosopher 500 B.c.428 
 
 Anaximander, of Miletus. Greek Philosopher 610 B.c.547 
 
 Ancharano, Peter. Civilian and Canonist 1350?. 1417? 
 
 Anchieta, Jos. Portug. Jesuit. Apostle of N. World. 
 
 L.byBerettari,1617; Vasconcellos, 1672 ; ■Oddi,1824. . 1533- -1597 
 AnciUon, Charles. Protestant Writer 1659. .1715 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 19 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 AnciUon, David. French Theologian 1617 . . 1692 
 
 Ancillon, John Peter Fred. Pruss. Statesman and Hist. . 1766. . 1837 
 Ancourt, Florence Carton d'. Fr. Comic Actor & Writer. 1661 . .1726 
 
 Ajacre, Concino Concini, Marshal d' — . . 1617 
 
 Ancus Marcius. Fourth king of Rome — b.c.614 
 
 Anderson, Adam. Writer on Trade 1692. .1765 
 
 Anderson, Alexander. Scottish Mathematician 1582?. — 
 
 Anderson, Alexander. Naturalist — . . 1813 
 
 ►Anderson, Sir Edmund. Lord Chief Justice. {Reports).. i53i?.i6o5 
 
 Anderson, George. Oriental Traveler 1600?. 1675? 
 
 Anderson, George. Writer on India 1760. .1790 
 
 Anderson, George. Mathematician 1760. . 1806 
 
 Anderson, James. Scotch Antiquary and Historian 1662. .1728 
 
 Anderson, James, l.l.d. Agricultural Writer i739- .1808 
 
 Anderson, James, m.d. Naturalist. ( Cochineal) — . . 1809? 
 
 Anderson, John, of Hamburg. {Nat. Hist, of Greenland) 1674. .1743 
 
 Anderson, John. Scottish Presbyterian Writer 1678?. 1720 
 
 Anderson, John. • Prof, at Glasgow. Found, of Institut. 1726. ,1796 
 Anderson, John. Scottish Surgeon. {Houseof Hamilton) 17S6. .iS^2 
 
 Anderson, Lawrence. Swedish Reformer — . . 1552 
 
 Anderson, Robert, m.d. Critic and Biographical Writer 1750. .1830 
 
 Anderson, Robert. The Cumbrian Poet 1770 • • ^^33 
 
 Anderson, Walter. Scottish Writer. {Hist, of France) 1720?. 1800 
 Andersson, Charles John. Swedish African Explorer . . - — . . 1856 
 Anderton, Henry. English Hist, and Portrait Painter . . — ..1665? 
 
 Andier des Rochers, John. French Engraver — . .1741 
 
 Andrada. See D'Andrada, Anthony 1580?. 1634 
 
 Andr6. See Andrea, Andreae, Andreas, Andrew. 
 
 Andr6, Major John. Executed in American War 1751 . . 1780 
 
 Andr6, John. German Musical Composer 1741 . .1799 
 
 Andr6, Yves Marv^ Fr. Jesuit. {Essay on the Beautiful) 1675. .1764 
 Andrea. See Andrd, Andrese, Andreas, Andrew. 
 
 Andrea, Caval Canti. Italian Writer -^ . . 1672 
 
 Andrea di Luigi, of Aloisi. Dlngegru) 1450?. 1520 
 
 Andrea da Pisa. Sculptor and Architect 1270. . 1345 
 
 Andrea del Sarto. Painter 1488. . 1530 
 
 Andrese. See Andr^, Andrea, Andreas, Andrew. 
 
 Andreas, John Gerhard Reinhard, of Hanover. Naturalist 1724. .1793 
 
 Andreas, John Valentine. . {Mytholbgice Christiance) 1586. .1664 
 
 Andrese, Tobias, of Groningen. Cartesian Philosopher. . 1604. .1676 
 
 Andreae, Tobias. Cartesian Philosopher 1633. . 1685 
 
 Andreani, Andrew, of Mantua. Engraver 1540- • 1623 
 
 Andreas, See Andr^, Andrea, Andreae, Andrew. 
 
 Andreas, Jas. German Reformer. Life by J. V. Andreas 1528. .1590 
 
 Andreas, John. Canonist at Bologna 1275?. 1348 
 
 Andreas, Valerius. Desselius. Scholar of Brabant 1588 . . 1656 
 
 Andreini, Francis, of Pistoia. Comic Writer — . . 1616 
 
 Andreini, Isabella, wife. Comic Writer and Improvisatore 1562 . . 1604 
 Andreini, J. Baptista. Poet and Dramatist. {VAdamo) 1578?, 1652? 
 
 Andrelinus, Publius Faustus. Latin Poet — . . 1518 
 
 Andr6ossi, Anthony Francis, Ct. Fr. Officer and Diplom. 1 761. .1828 
 Andrew. See Andr^, Andrea, Andrese, Andreas. 
 
 Andrew I. King of Hungary (1047-61) — ..1061 
 
 Andrew II. (1204-35.) Hierosolymitan 11 75?. 1235 
 
20 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. MED. 
 
 Andrew III. (1290-1301.) Venetiar^. * — ..1301 
 
 Andrew, of Pisa. Sculptor and Architect 1270. .1345 
 
 Andrew, John, of Ratisbon. Andreas Mafjister. Hist., fl. 1410 
 
 Andrews, James Pettit. Miscellaneous Writer 1737. .1797 
 
 Andrews, Lancelot. Bishop of Winchester. Life by- 
 Isaacson ; A. T. Russell '• i555 • • 1626 
 
 Andrews, Miles Peter. Dramatic Writer — . . 1814 
 
 Andrieu, Bertrand. French Medallic Engraver 1761 . . 1822 
 
 Andrieux, Francis Wm. John Stanislaus. French Author 1759. .1833 ' 
 
 Andronicus, Livius. Latin Dramatic Poet — B.c.221? 
 
 Andronicus I. Comnenus. East. Emp. (1163-1185) . mo. .1185 
 Andronicus II. Palselogus. (1282-1328.) ^^&r ... 1260. .1332 
 Andronicus III. Palseologus. (1328-41.) Younger .12^6. .12,^1 
 Andros, Sir Edmund. Colonial Governor of New York, 
 
 New England, and Virginia 1637. .1714 
 
 Androuet du Cerceau, James. French Architect — ••1592 
 
 Andry, Nicholas. {Bois-Rega/rd.) French Medical Writer 1658. .1742 
 
 Anel, Dominic, of Savoy. Medical Writer • 1679?. 1730? 
 
 Anesi, Paul. Florentine Painter — . .1750^ 
 
 Aneurin, British Poet and Chieftain. ( Odes of the Months) — . . 570? 
 Angarville, Richard. De Bury. Bishop of Durham; 
 
 Lord Chancellor. Life by S. 'Gibson 1287?. 1345 
 
 Ange de St. Joseph. Joseph iafirosse. , Mission, to Persia 1636. .1697 
 Ange de St. Rosalie. Fr. Hist. {D Etat de la France) 1655 . . 1726 
 
 Angeli, Bonaventura, of Parma. Historian 1525?. 1576 
 
 Angeli, or Angelio, Peter. Latin Poet 1517- -1596 
 
 Angeli, Philip d'. Napoktano. Artist 1600. . 1640 
 
 Angelico. See Fiesole. Painter 1387 . . 1455 
 
 Angelis, Dominic de 1675. .1719 
 
 Angelis, Peter. Artist 1685 . .1734 
 
 Angelo, Fioriozzola. Florentine Poet — . .1548 
 
 Angelo. See Michael Angelo 1474. .1564 
 
 Angelo, Policiano. Italian Writer. (Eiisticus) i454- • — 
 
 Angeloni, Francis. {Augustan Histoi'y by Medals) — . . 1652 
 
 Angeloni, Louis. Italian Politician and Writer 1758?. 1842 
 
 Angelus, Christopher. Greek Refugee in Eng. Scholar. — ..1638 
 
 Angennes, Julia d', of Paris. Artenice 1607?. 1671 
 
 Angerstein, John Julius. Collector of Paintings i735 • • 1^22 
 
 Angier, Sam. Ejected Nonconf. Div. {Help to Better Hearts) 1605?. 1677 
 
 Angilbert, or Engilbert, St. Statesman and Poet — . . 814 
 
 Angiolotto, or Giotto. Painter 1276 .. 1336 
 
 Anglesey, Arth. Anneslev, Earl of. ( Troubles of Ireland) 1614 . . 1686 
 Anglesey, H. W. Paget,'Marquess of. Field IN'larshal. . . 1768. .1854 
 Anglus, Thomas. Albius^ or White. R. Cath. Divine . . . 1582. .1676 
 Angouleme, Charles de Valois, Duke d', son of Charles 
 
 IX. Commander 1573.. 1650 
 
 Angoulgme, Maria Theresa Charlotte, Duchess d'. 
 
 Madame Eoyale, dau. of Louis XVI. L. by Mrs.Romer 1778. . 1851 
 
 Anguier, Francis. French Sculptor ,. 1604. . 1669 
 
 Anguier, INIichael, brother. Sculptor *. 1612 . . 1686 
 
 Anguillara, John Andrew dell'. Italian Poet I5i7''aft.i564 
 
 Anguillara, Louis. Italian Botanist — . . 1570 
 
 Anguisciola, Sophonisba, of Cremona. Painter 1533?. 1620? 
 
 Anicetus. Bishop of Rome (157?-161) — . . 161 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 21 
 
 BOBN. BIED. 
 
 Anicli, Peter, of Inspruck. Astronomer and Mechan 1723. .1766 
 
 Aniello. ^'ee Masaniello 1623 . , 1646 
 
 Ankarstrom, J. Jacob. Assass. of Gusta-siis III. of Swed. 1 761 . . 1 792 
 Anna Comnena. Byzantine Historian. {Alexiad) .... 1083. .1148 
 
 Anna Ivanowna. Empress of Russia 1693 . . 1 740 
 
 Annand, William. Scottish Episcopal Divine ^^33- • 1689 
 
 Annat, Francis. French Jesuit; Anti-Jansenist 1590 • • 1670 
 
 Anne, of Cyprus. Duchess of Savoy — . . 1462 
 
 Anne, of Brittany. Q. of France. Life by Costello, 1855 1476. .1514 
 
 Anne, of Beaujeu, daughter of Louis XI 1462?, 1522 
 
 Anne, of Hungary. Wife of Ferdinand of Austria 1503. .1547 
 
 Anne, of Oleves. Queen of Henry VIII 1516..1557 
 
 Anne, of Denmark. Queen of James I i574- • 1619 
 
 Anne, of Austria, wife of Louis XIII. of France. Life by 
 
 Motteville ; P. Pelisson-Fontanier 1602. . 1666 
 
 Anne, Queen of England. Life by Oldmixon, 1721; 
 
 Boyer, 1722 ; Chamberlen, 1738 1664. .1714 
 
 Annebaut, Claude d'. * Marshal and Admiral of France. . — . . 1552 
 Annesley, Arthur. E. of Anglesey. Statesm. and Writer 1614. .1686 
 
 Annesley, Samuel. Ejected Nonconformist Divine 1620''. 1696 
 
 Annett, Peter. Deistical Writer. {Free inquirer) — ..1778 
 
 Annius, or John Nanni, of Viterbo. Literary Impostor. . 1432?. 1502 
 
 Anquetil Duperron, Louis Peter. Historian 1723. .1808 
 
 Anquetil Duperron, Abr. Hyacinthe. Orientalist ^73^^- • 1805 
 
 Ansaldi, Casto Innocent. Italian Theologian 1710. .1779 
 
 Ansaloni, Giordano. Dominican Missionary in Japan ... — . . 1634 
 Anscarius, or Ansgar. Bishop of Hamburg. Missionary 
 
 to Scandinavia 801 . . 864 
 
 Anselm, St. Bishop of Lucca. ( Contra Guibertum) 1036. .1086 
 
 Anselm, Apb. Canterb. (1093-1109). Life by Eadmer; 
 F. R. Hasse, tr. by Turner, 1850; Mohler, tr. by Cox; 
 
 Chas. de Remusat; W. and M. Wilks, 1862 io33- .1109 
 
 Anselm, of Laon. Doctor Scholasiicus. Commentator. .. 1050?.! 117 
 Anselme, Father. Hist. ( Geneal. of Bouse of France) . . . 1625 . . 1694 
 
 Anselnae, Anthony. French Preacher and Poet 1652. . 1737 
 
 Anselmi, Michael Angelo. Painter 1491 . . 1554 
 
 Anson, Geo., Lord. Commodore. L. by Sir J. Barrow, 1838 1697. .1762 
 Anspach, Elizb., Lady Craven, Margravine of. L. by self. 1750. . 1828 
 Anstey, Christopher. Poet. {New Bath Guide.) Life by 
 
 J. Anstey, 1808 1724 .. 1805 
 
 Anstis, John, m.p. Garter King-at-Arms 1669 . . 1744 
 
 Anstis, John, son. Garter King-at-Arms 1708?. 1754 
 
 Anstruther, Sir John. Chief Justice of Bengal 17^3 . . 181 1 
 
 Antar. Arabian Chief and Poet it. 500? 
 
 Antelmi, Joseph. Fr. Antiq. and Writer on Church His. 1648. . 1697 
 Antesignanus, Peter. Fr. Class. Schol. and Grammarian fl. 1556 
 
 Anthemius. Roman Emperor of the West (467-72) — . . 472 
 
 Anthemius. Architect and Philos. at Constantinople ... — . . 534 
 
 Anthon, John. American Jurist 1784. . 1063 
 
 Anthony, St., the Great. Founder of Monachism 251.. 356 
 
 Anthony, of Padua. Theologian and Preacher 1195 . . 1231 
 
 Anthony, of Palermo. Panxjrmita. See Beccadelli i394' • ^471 
 
 Anthony, or Antonello, of Messina. Itahan Painter i447- • 1496 
 
 Anthony, of Lebrixa. Anionius Nebrissensis. Span. Writ. 1444. .1522 
 
22 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Anthony, Francis. London Apothecary. {Aurum Potabile) 1550. .1623 
 
 Anthony, Marc. Engraver, ^ee Raimondi i475 ' • 1 534 
 
 Anthony, Nicholas. Spanish Hist. {Bibliotheca Nova) 1617. .1684 
 Anthony, Paul Gabriel. French Jesuit. ( Theol. Dogmatica) 1679. .1743 
 
 Anthony de Bourbon. Titular King of Navarre 1518. . 1562 
 
 Antigonus. General of Alexander; fell at Ipsus 381 B.c.301 
 
 Antigonus Doson. King of Macedonia. ... — b.c. 220 
 
 Antigonus Gonatas. King of Macedonia (283-239) 319B.C.239 
 
 Antimaco, Mark Anthony. Greek Teacher in Italy 1473?. 1552 
 
 Antine, Maur Francis d'. "Benedictine. {L'Artde Verijier) 1688. .1746 
 
 Antiochus Epiphanes. King of Sjnia — b.c. 164 
 
 Antiochus the Great. King of Syria 237 B.c.187 
 
 Antiochus Grypus. King of Syria 141 B.c.96 
 
 Antiochus Sidetes; King of Syria — b.c. 126 
 
 Antiochus Soter. King of Svria (280-261) 323?b.c.26i 
 
 Antiochus Theus. King of ^yria (261-246) 286?b.c.246 
 
 Antipater. Regent of Macedonia — b.c. 319 
 
 Antiquus, John. Historical Painter * 1702. .1750 
 
 Antoinette, Marie. Queen of Louis XVI 1755 . .1793 
 
 Antommarchi, Francis. Physician and Author. (Zes 
 
 Derniers Moments de Napoleon) — . . 1838 
 
 Anton inrich. Prince Regent in Russia 1714. .1780? 
 
 Antonello, or Antonio, of Messina. Hist, and Portr. Pa. . . 1447 . . 1496 
 
 Antoniano, Silvius. Roman Cardinal; Scholar 1540- • 1603 
 
 Antonides, John van der Goes. Dutch Poet 1647. . 1684 
 
 Antoninus, M. Aurelius. Phibsopher. Roman Emperor 
 
 (161-80). Life by Guevara .^ . 121 . . 180 
 
 Antoninus Pius. Roman Emperor (138-61) 86.. 161 
 
 Antonio. See, Anthony and Antonello. 
 
 Antonisze, Cornelius. Dutch Painter and Engraver. . . . 1500. .1536 
 
 Antonius. See Anthony. 
 
 Antonius, Marcus, or Mark Antony. Triumvir 83? b.c. 30 
 
 Antraigues, Emanuel L. H. Delaunay, Ct. of. Fr. Polit. 1765. .1812 
 
 AnvUle, John Baptist Bourguignon d'. Geographer 1697. .1782 
 
 Anwari. King oj Khorassan. Persian Poet — ..1200 
 
 Apafi, Michael I. Prince of Transylvania 1632. .1713 
 
 Apelles. Greek Painter. Life by Carlo Dati fl. b,c. 332 
 
 Apian, Peter. German Mathematician and Astronomer. . 1495 . .1552 
 Apollinaris, C. S. Sidonius. Rom. Patrician and Poet. 431?.. 484? 
 Apollinarius, Claudius. Bp. of Hierapolis. Apologist., fl. ab. 177 
 
 ApoUinarius or -ris, the Elder. Gramm. and Divine fl. 362 
 
 Apollinarius or -ris, the Younger, son. Bishop of Lao- 
 
 dicea. Commentator — . . 382? 
 
 Apollodorus. Grammarian of Athens fl.ab.140 b.c 
 
 Apollonio, Jacopo, of Bassano. Painter 1584. . 1654 
 
 Apollonius, of Alexandria. Dyscolos. Greek Gram fl. 2d c. 
 
 Apollonius, of Perga. Mathematician. {Conic Sections). . fl. 240 B.C. 
 
 Apollonius Rhodius. Poet and Grammarian fl.222-i88B.c. 
 
 Apollonius of Tyana. Philosopher. Life .bv Philostra- 
 
 tus, tr. by Blount, 1680, and Berwick, 1809 ; Le Nain 
 
 du Tillemont, tr. by Jenkin, 1703 3?b.c.98?a.d. 
 
 Apono, or Abano, Peter of. Astrologer and Physician. , . 1250 . . 1315 
 
 Appel, Jacob. Dutch Painter i68o. . 1751 
 
 Appelman, Barent. Dutch Painter 1640 . . i686 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 23 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Apperley, Charles James. Eng. Sportsman and Writer. 1777 -1843 
 
 Appian. Roman Historian fl.98? - 161 '' 
 
 Appiani, Andrew. Fresco Painter i754- • 1818 
 
 Appiani, Francis. Fresco Painter 1702. .1792 
 
 Appius Claudius. Roman Decemvir — B.c.449 
 
 Appleton, Jesse. American Divine and Educator 1772. .1819 
 
 Apptileius, Lucius. Platonic Philos. ( The Golden Ass). i3o?aft.i73 
 Apreece, or Rhese, John. {Fides Historke Britannice) . . . — • -1555^ 
 Aprosio, Angelico. Ital. Writer. {Bibliotheca Aprosiana) 1607.. 1681 
 
 Aproxin, Theo. Matvayevitch. Russian Admiral 1671 . .1728 
 
 Apthorp, East. English Divine and Author t^TZ?)- • 1^16 
 
 Aquapendente. Italian Physician. See Fabricius i537- .1619 
 
 Aquaviva, Andrew Matthew. Neapol. Noble and Writ. 1457?. 1528 
 
 Aquaviva, Claude. General of the Jesuits. Writer 1542 . . 1615 
 
 Aquaviva, Octavius. Card. Abp. Naples; Patr. of Learn. 1560?. 1612 
 
 Aquila, Pompeio del. Painter fl. 1580? 
 
 Aqiiila, Ponticus. Trans, of the Old Test, into Greek. . . fl. ab. 130 
 Aquilano, Serafino. Italian Poet and Improvvisatore . . . 1466. .1500 
 Aquinas, Thomas, St. Angelic Doctor. Life by Echard, 
 
 Dr. Hampden 1224? . 1274 
 
 Aquino, Philip, of Carpentras. Converted Jew ; Hebraist — ..1650 
 
 Arabella Stuart. >See Stuart 1577?. 1615 
 
 Ajabscliah, of Damascus. Historian — . . 1450 
 
 Arago, Francis John Dominic. Fr. Astron. L. by self. . 1786. .1853 
 
 Axaldi, Alexander. Painter — . .1528 
 
 Aram, Eugene. Scholar; executed for murder 1704. . 1759 
 
 Aranda, Peter P. A. de Bolea, Ct. of. Sp. Statesman. . . 1718. .1799 
 Arantius, Julius Cses., of Bologna. Anat. and Physiol., 1530. .1589 
 
 Aratus, of Sicyon. Acha?an General and Historian 271B.C.213 
 
 Ajatus. Astronomical Poet of Cilicia. (Phcenomena) . . . fl. b.c. 272 
 
 Araujo, D'Azevedo Antonio. Portuguese Scientist i754- .1817 
 
 Axblay, Madame Frances d'. See D'Arblay. 
 
 Arbogast, Louis Francis Anth. ( Calcul des Derivations).. 1759. .1803 
 
 Ajbrissel, Robert d'. Founder of Fontevrault Abbey. . . 1047?. 11 17 
 
 Arbuckle, J^paes. Scotch Poet 1700?. 1734? 
 
 Arbutlinot, Alexander. Scotch Reformer 1538. • 1583 
 
 Arbuthnot, John, m. d. ( Coins: Martinus Scriblerus). . 1675. .1735 
 
 Arc, Joan of. See Dare I4i2?.i43i 
 
 Arcadius. Roman Emperor of the East (395-408) 3^3- • 4°^ 
 
 Axcere, Anthony, of Marseilles. Orient. ; Coll. of MSS. — ..1699 
 Arc6re, Louis Stephen, of Marseilles. Poet and Topog.. 1598. .1782 
 Ajcesilaus. Athen. Philos. Found, of Middle Academy 3i6''b.c.24i 
 
 Arcet, John d'. French Natural Philosopher 1725. .1801 
 
 Arclidall, Mervyn. Irish Antiq. {Monasticon Hibernicon) 1723.. 1791 
 Archdekin, Richard. Irish Jesuit. (Essay on Miracles) . 1619..1693 
 Archenliolz, John Wm. von. Ger. Wr. {Seven Yrs^ War) 1745.. 18 12 
 
 Archer, John Wykeham. Painter and Antiquary 1809''. 1864 
 
 Archer, Sir Simon. Warwickshire Antiquary 1581 . . — 
 
 Arclulocus, of Paros. Greek Lyric Poet 7i4?B.c.676 
 
 Archimedes. Mathematician. L. by Mazzuchelli, 1737 287?b.c.2i2 
 
 Archytas. Philosopher, of Tarentum fl. B.C. 400? 
 
 Arco, Alonzo del. Deaf and Dumb Spanish Painter 1625 . . 1700 
 
 Arco, Nicholas, Count of. Italian Latin Poet 1479- • 1546 
 
 Ar9on, John Claude d'. French Engineer 1733. .1800 
 
24 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Arcq, Philip Augustus de St. Foix d'. Fr. Hist. Writer. — . .1779 
 Arcudi, Alexander Thomas. Venetian Hist, and Biogr.. 1655 ..1720? 
 
 Arcudio, Peter. Italian Theologian 1570?. 1635' 
 
 Arculphus. French Bishop. Writer on the Holy Land . 11.690? 
 
 Arden, Edward. Gentleman ; executed for treason 1531 . . 1583 
 
 Arden, Richard Pepper. First Lord Alvanle}'. Judge. . 1745. .1804 
 
 Ardern, John. English Surgeon fl. 1370 
 
 Ardieini, Louis. Italian Writer on Agriculture i739- • 1833 
 
 Arena, Anthony d'. French Jurist and Macaronic Poet.. — . .1544 
 
 Arendt, Martin Frederick. Traveler 1769 . . 1824 
 
 Axesi, Paul. Italian Theologian 15 74'- 1644 
 
 Ajetseus, of Cappadocia. Greek Physician fl. 70? 
 
 Ajetin, John Christoph. Ant. Maria, Baron von. Writer.. 1773. -1824 
 
 Aretino, Francis. Italian Scholar. See Accolti 1418?. 1485? 
 
 Aretino, Leonard. Bruni. Italian Historian 1369. .1444 
 
 Aretino, Peter. Ital. Satirist. Life by Berni, 1537; Du- 
 jardin, 1750; Mazzuchelli, 1763; Dubois Fontanelie, 
 
 1768. 
 
 1492.. 1557 
 
 Aretino, Spinello. Italian Painter 1308?. 1400? 
 
 Argall, Rev. John. Scholar, m. a. 1566 — . . 1606 
 
 ArgaU, Richard. English Poet fl. 1621 
 
 Argall, Sir Samuel. English Adventurer in Amei-ica. ... fl 17th c. 
 
 Argand, Aime. Inventor of Argand Lamp — . . 1803 
 
 Argellati, Philip. Italian Writer. {Milanese Writers).. 1685.. 1755 
 Argens, J. Bapt. de Boyer, Marquis of. Fr. Soldier & Wr. 1704. .1771 
 
 Argensola, Barthol. Leonard de. Hist., Poet, Theol 1566. . 1631 
 
 Argensola, Lupercio Leonard de, br. Span. Poet and Hist. 1565?. 1613 
 Argenson, Mark Peter, Comte de. French Statesman.. . 1696. . 1764 
 
 Argentier, John, of Tiu-in. Physician 15 13 .. 1572 
 
 Argentr6, Bertrand d'. {History of Brittany) 1519- -1590 
 
 Argentr6, Chas. Duplessis d'. ( Collectio Judiciorum) . . . 1673. . 1740 
 Argenville, Anthony Jos. Dezallier d'. (Z. of Painters). 1680. .1765? 
 
 Argoli, Andrew. Italian Mathematician 1570. . 1653? 
 
 Argoli, John. Italian Poet and Archasologist 1609?. 1660 ? 
 
 Argonne, Noel Bonaventure d'. Vigneul de Marville^'. . 1640?. 1704 
 
 Arguelles, Augustin. Spanish Politician — ..1844 
 
 Argues, Gerard des. French GeoAeter i593 • • 1662 
 
 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of. 
 
 Covenanter. Beheaded 1598. . 1661 
 
 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of, son. McCallum 
 
 More. Confederate of Monmouth. Beheaded — . .1685 
 
 Argyle and Greenwich, John Campbell, 2d Duke of. 
 
 Commander. Life by Robert Campbell, 1745 1678. . 1743 
 
 Argyropulus, John. Reviver of Greek Learning in Italy. . —aft. 147^ 
 
 Arialdus, St — . . 1066 
 
 Arias Montanus, Benedict. Cath. Divine and Linguist. 1527. . 1598 
 
 Ariosto, Gabriel. Poet — . .1552 
 
 Ariosto, Louis, brother. Italian Poet. ( Orlando Fuiioso.) 
 
 Life by Pigna, 1554; Garofelo, 1584; Harrington, 1634; 
 
 Hoole; A. Fabroni, 1800; Baruffaldi, 1807; Femow, 
 
 1809 ; Panizzi 1474. • 1533 
 
 Arisi, Francis, of Cremona. Writer. {Cremona Literata) 165 7.. 1743 
 
 Arista, Mariano. Mexican General and President 1802. . 1855 
 
 Aristarchus, of Samos. Greek Astron. and Philosopher, fl. B.c.280? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 25 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Arlstarclius, of Samothrace. Greek Grammarian fl. B.c.150? 
 
 Axistides. Athenian Statesman — B.c.468? 
 
 Aristippus. Founder of the Cyrenaic School of Phil fl.5thc.B.c. 
 
 Aristobulus I. High-Priest and King of the Jews — B.c.106 
 
 Asistobulus II. Deposed by Pompey — B.c.492 
 
 Aristophanes. Greek Comedian 444?b.c.38o? 
 
 Aristotle. Greek Philosopher. Life by Beurer, 1587; 
 
 Schott, 1603 ; Blakesley, 1839 384B.C.322 
 
 Anus. Founder of Arianism. Life by Travasa, 1746 — . . 336 
 
 Arkel, Cornelius van, of Amsterdam. Arminian Divine 
 
 and Preacher 1670. .1724 
 
 Arkenholz, John. Swedish Writ. {Mems. of Christina) 16%. .1777 
 Arkwright, Sir Richard. Inventor of Spinmng-Jenny . . 1732. .1792 
 
 Arland, James Anthony. Swiss Painter 1668. .1743 
 
 Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of. Statesman 1618. . 1685 
 
 Arlotto. 11 Pivvano, or The Bean. Italian Humorist. . .1395. .1483 
 
 Armfelt, Gustavus Maurice. Swedish Politician i757- -1814 
 
 Arminius. Cheruscan Chief. i8b.c . 19A.D 
 
 Arminius, James. Dutch Theologian. Life by Petrus 
 
 Bertius ; Brandt, 1724 1560. . 1609 
 
 Armstrong, John, m. d. Poet 1709- -1779 
 
 Armstrong, John, m. d. Med. Writ. L. by Boott, 1832. 1784. .1829 
 Armstrong, John. Bp. of Grahamstown. L. by Carter. 1813. .1856 
 Armstrong, Sir Thos. Royalist; partisan of Monmouth . — ..1684 
 
 Armyne, Mary, Lady. Benefactress — . . 1675 
 
 A maid, Richard. ( Comnientary on the Apocrypha) 1696. . 1756 
 
 Arnall, William. Political Writer. {Free Briton) 1715. . 1741 
 
 Arnau, John. Spanish Historjcal Painter 1595 . . 1693 
 
 Arnaud, Francis. Abbot of Grand Champs. Writer 1721 . .1784 
 
 Arnaud, Francis Thos. Marie Baculard d'. French Writer 1718. . 1805 
 
 Arnaud, George d'. French Jurist 171 1 . .1740 
 
 Arnaud, Henry. Vaudois Pastor and Leader 1641 . . 1 721 
 
 Arnaud de Mereuil, Daniel. Troubadour Poet — . . 1 189? 
 
 Arnaud de Konsil, George. French Surgeon in London. 1697.. 1774 
 
 Arnaud de Villa Nova, or Arnoldus, which see 12^5?. 1314 
 
 Arnauld, Anthony. The Advocate. Lawyer of Paris.. 1560..1619 
 Arnauld, Anthony. The Great Arnauld; of Port Royal. 1612. .1694 
 Arnauld d'Andilly, Robert. Apologist for Port Royal. 
 
 Life by himself. 1589. .1674 
 
 Arnauld, Henry. Bishop of Angers. (Negotiations) . . . 1597. .1692 
 
 Arnavdd, Marie Ang^lique. Abbess of Port Royal 1591 • • 1671 
 
 Arnauld, Marie Angelique, niece. Abbess of Pt. Royal. 1624. . 1684 
 
 Arnault, Anthony Vincent. French Author 1766. . 1834 
 
 Arnd, John, of Anhault. Lutheran. ( True Christianity). 1555. .1621 
 Amdt, C. Gottlieb von. ( Origin of European Dialects). . — . .1829 
 
 Arndt, Ernest Maurice. German Political Writer 1769. . — 
 
 Arndt, Joshua. {Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Antiquities). 1626. -1685 
 
 Ame, Dr. Thomas Augustine. Musical Composer 1710. .1778 
 
 Arnim, Louis Achim von. Ger. Poet and Romance Writ. . 1781 . , 1831 
 Amisaeus, Heningus. Phys. and Polit. Wr. at Helmstadt. 1580?. 1636 
 Amobius. Christian Writer of Africa. ( fo«<ra Genres). fl. 296 
 
 Arnold, Benedict. American General and Traitor 1740 . . 1801 
 
 Arnold, Christoph. Prof, at Altorf. {Testimon. Flavianum) 1527.. 1685 
 Arnold, Godfrey. Ger. Mystic Div. and Eccles. Hist, . . 1666. . 1 714 
 
26 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Arnold, John. Cornish Watchmaker and Inventor i744- • i799 
 
 Arnold, D.r. Samuel. Musical Composer 1739?. 1802 
 
 Arnold, Strutthan von Winckelried. Swiss Patriot 1300. .1386 
 
 Arnold, Thomas, m. d. Physician for Insanity 1742. . 1816 
 
 Arnold, Rev. Thos., d. d., oi Rugby. L. by A. P. Stanley 1795 . . 1^42 
 Arnold, Rev. T. Kerchever. Editor of School Classics.. 1800. .1853 
 Arnold of Brescia. Reformer. Life by Koeler, 1742 ; 
 
 Guadagnini, 1790; Francke, 1825; Niccolini — ••"55 
 
 Arnolde, Richard. Chronicler 1451?. 1521? 
 
 Amoldi, Bartholomew. Anti- Lutheran Writer — . .1532 
 
 Arnold!, John. Dutch Diplomatist and Statesman 1751 • • 1827 
 
 Arnoldus de Villa Nova. French Physician, Theologian, 
 
 Astrologer, Alchemist 1235?. 1314 
 
 Arnolfe di Xjapo. Italian Architect and Sculptor 1232. , 1300 
 
 Amot, Hugo. Scottish Writer. {History of Edinburgh) . . 1749., 1786 
 
 Arnotd. Bishop of Lisieux. Writer — . . 1 184 
 
 Arnould, Sophie. French Actress i74o^ • 1803 
 
 Arnoult, John Baptist. Jesuit Author. (Le Precepteur). 1689. .1753 
 Arntzenius, John Henry. Jurist and Writer at Utrecht . 1734. .1797 
 Arnu, Nicholas. French Theologian and Philosopher. ... 1629?. 1692 
 
 Arnidpli. Emperor of Germany (896-99) — .. 899 
 
 Amulph, or Ernulph. Bp. of Rochest. ( Texim Roffensis) 1040?.! 124 
 Aromatari, Joseph of. Italian Physician and Naturalist. 1586''. 1660 
 
 Arouet, Francis Mary. See Voltaire 1694. .1778 
 
 Arpad. Founder of the Hungarian Monarchy 869. . 907 
 
 Arpino, Joseph Caesar, or Josephin de. Italian Painter. , 1560. .1640 
 
 Arreboe, Anders. Danish Bisnop and Poet 1587 . . 1637 
 
 Arredondo, Isidore. Spanish Painter 1654. .1702 
 
 Arriaga, Roderick de. Spanish Jesuit; Philosopher 1592. . 1667 
 
 Arrian. Greek Historian. {Expedition of Alexander) .. . 90?. 170? 
 
 Arriaza, John Baptist. Spanish Poet 1770. . 1837 
 
 Arrivabene, John Peter. Ital. Schol. &Poet. {Gonzagidos) 1441. . 1504 
 
 Arrowsmith, Aaron. Geographer 1750. . 1823 
 
 ArrowsDoith, John, d. d. Puritan Divine 1602. . 1659 
 
 Arsaces I. Founder of the Parthian Monarchy fl.3d c.b.c. 
 
 Arsaees VI. (or Mithridates I.) fl.2d c.b.c. 
 
 Arsinoe. Egyptian Princess fl.4th c.b.c. 
 
 Artale, Joseph. Sicilian Soldier and Poet 1628. . 1679 
 
 Artaxerxes I. Longimanus. King of Persia (465-25). . — B.c.425 
 Artaxerxes II. Mnemon. (405-362); brother of Cyrus. 453''b.c.362 
 
 Artaxerxes III. Ochus. (362-39) — B.c.339 
 
 Arteaga, Stephen. Spanish Jesuit; Writer in Italian 1745?. 1799 
 
 Artedi, Peter. Swedish Naturalist ; friend of Linnaeus ... 1 705 . . 1 735 
 
 Artemisia, Queen of Caria; wife of Mausolus — B.c.350 
 
 Arteveld, James van. Brewer of Ghent — . . 1345 
 
 Arte veld, Philip van, son. Killed at Rosbecq — . . 1382 
 
 Arthiir. British Prince — . . 542' 
 
 Arthur, Duke of Brittany, nephew of King John 1 187?. 1203 
 
 Artlinr, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VH i486. .1502 
 
 Artigas, Ferdinand Joseph. South American Patriot ... 1746. . 1826 
 
 Artigni,, Anthony Gachet d'. Writer of Vienna 1706. . 1778 
 
 Artois, James John van. Flemish Landscape Painter. . . 1613. . 1665 
 Arundel, Blanche, Lady. Defender of Wardour Castle . 1583. .1649 
 Arundel, Mary, Countess of. Writer fl. 1550^ 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 27 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Arundel, Philip Howard, Earl of. Life edited by the 
 
 Duke of Norfolk, 1857 i557- -1595 
 
 Arundel, Thos. Archbishop of Canterbury (1396-1413) . 1353. .1413 
 Arundel, Thos. Howard, Earl of. Collector of Marbles, &c. 1580?. 1646 
 
 Arvieux, Lawrence d'. French Orientalist 1635 . .1702 
 
 Asbury, Francis. American Divine 1745 • • ^^^^ 
 
 Ascensius. Printer. See Badius 1462. . 1535 
 
 Ascham, Roger. Instructor of Queen Elizabeth iSiS- -1560 
 
 Ascoli, Cecco di. Francis de Stabili. Poet and Mathemat. 1258?. 1328 
 
 Ascough, Anne. See Askew 1529. -1546 
 
 Aselli, Caspar. Italian Anatomist. {De Lacteis Venis) . 1581''. 1626 
 Asf eld, James Vincent Bidal d'. Jansenist Theologian . . 1664.. 1745 
 
 Asgill, John. Political Writer 1650? .1738 
 
 Ash, John, i.l.d. Anabaptist Divine. {English Diet.) . . 1724. .1779 
 
 Ash, John, m.d. Analyst of Mineral Waters 1723. .1798 
 
 Ashburnham, John. Royalist 1604. . 1671 
 
 Ashburton, Alexander Baring, Lord. Statesman. ....... 1774. . 1848 
 
 Ashburton, John Dunning, First Lord. Lawyer ^73i- • ^7^3 
 
 Askbury, Joseph. Comedian 1638. .1720 
 
 Ashby, Sir John. British Admiral — . . 1693 
 
 Ashe, Andrew. Irish Flute-player i759. • 1838 
 
 Ashe, Simeon. Nonconformist Minister in Staffordshire . — . . 1662 
 
 Ashley, Robert. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer 1565 . . 1641 
 
 Ashley, Lord. Member of the " Cabal." See Cooper . . 1621 . .1683 
 Ashmole, Elias. Antiquary. Founder of Museum. Life 
 
 by self, edited by Bui-man, 1717 1617. . 1692 
 
 Ashmun, Jehudi. American Philanthropist i794- • 1828 
 
 Ashton, Charles. Master of Jesus College ; Critic 1665 . .1752 
 
 Ashton, Thomas, d.d. Fellow of Eton Coll. Preacher. . 1717. .1775 
 AshweU, George. Divine. Writer on the Three Creeds. 161 2. .1693 
 
 Ashworth, Caleb, d.d. Baptist Divine 1722. .1775 
 
 Askew, Anne. Martyr. 1529. .1546 
 
 Askew, Anthony, m.d. Book Collector 1722. .1774 
 
 Asper, John, or Hans. Swiss Artist 1499 . . 1571 
 
 Aspertino, Guido, of Bologna. Historical Painter 1460''. 1500? 
 
 Aspinwall, William. American Physician i743- • 1^23 
 
 Asselin, Giles Thomas. French Poet 1682 . .1767 
 
 Asselyn, John. Dutch Landscape Painter 1610. . 1660 
 
 Assemani, Joseph Louis. Orientalist at Rome 1710?. 1782 
 
 Assemani, Joseph Simon. Syrian Orientalist in Italy . . 1687. .1768 
 
 Assemani, Simon. Abb^. Orientalist at Padua 1752. . 1821 
 
 Assemani, Stephen Evode. Orientalist and Missionary. . 1707. .1782 
 Asser, John, or Asserius Menevensis. Biog. of King Alfred — . . 909 
 
 Assereto, Joachim, of Genoa. Painter 1600. . 1649 
 
 Assheton, William, d.d. Divine. Life by Watts 1641 . . 1711 
 
 Assouci, Chas. Coypeau, Sieur d'. Ape of Scarron. Poet 1604''. 1679? 
 
 Ast, George Anthony Fred. Ger. Philol. and Philos 1778. . 1841 
 
 Asta, Andrew dell', of Naples. Painter 1683 . . 1721 
 
 Astbury, J., of Shelton. Potter 1680?. 1743 
 
 AsteU, Mary. Polemical Writer 1668?. 1731 
 
 Astle, Thomas. Archaeologist. ( Origin of WHiing) .... 1735 . . 1803 
 
 Astley, John. Portrait-Painter .' — . .1787 
 
 Astley, Philip. Founder of Amphitheatre 1742. . 1814 
 
 Aston, Sir Arthur. Royalist ; Governor of Drogheda — . . X649 
 
28 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Aston, Sir Thomas. Royalist; High Sheriff of Cheshire. . — . . 1645 
 
 Astor, John Jacob. American Merchant 1763 . . 1848 
 
 Astorga, Emanuel d'. Italian Musician. {Stabat Mater) 1680. .1701 
 
 Astruc, Jolm. French Medical Writer 1684. .1766 
 
 Astulphus, or Aistulph. King of the Lombards (749-56) — .. 756 
 
 Astyages. Last King of Media (594^59) aft.B.c.559 
 
 Atahualpa. Last Inca of Peru — . .1533 
 
 Atha Melik. Persian Statesman and Historian 1226?. 1283 
 
 Ath.anaric. King of the Western Goths — • . 381 
 
 Athanasio, Peter. Spanish Historical Painter 1638. , 1688 
 
 Athanasius, St. Bishopof Alexandria (326-73). Life by 
 
 Hermant, 1671; E. Renaudot 296?. 373 
 
 Atlielm. Archbishop of Canterbury (914-23) — .. 923 
 
 Ath.elstan. King of England 895?. 941 
 
 Athenseus. Grammarian. {Banquet of the Learned). .. . fl. ab. 200 
 
 Athenagoras. An early Christian Philosopher fl. 2d c. 
 
 Athenais. Wife of Theodosius II. Poetess — . . 460 
 
 Athias, Eman.-ben-Joseph. Learned Printer of Amsterdam — ..1700 
 Athlone, W. de R. de Ginkell, E. of Officer of Wm. III. 1640. . 1702 
 
 Atkinson, Thomas. Miscellaneous Writer 1801 . . 1833 
 
 Atkinson, Thomas Witlam. Architect and Traveler .... 1799. . 1861 
 
 Atkyns, Richard. ( Oviyin and Growth of Printing) 1615 . . 1677 
 
 Atkyns, Sir Robert. Baron of the Exchequer and Speaker 
 
 of the House of Commons 1621 . .1709 
 
 Atkyils, Sir Robert. Writer. ( Gloucester) 1646. .1711 
 
 Atratus, or Black Hugh. English Cardinal. Writer.... fl. i28i-'' 
 
 Attar, Ferideddin. Persian Poet and Historian 11 19. .1221 
 
 Atterbury, Francis. Bishop Roch. L. by Stackhouse, 1727 1662 . . 1 732 
 
 Atterbiiry, Lewis, brother. Divine 1657?. 1 731 
 
 Atticus, T. Pomponius. Roman Knight 109 B.c.32 
 
 Attila. King of the Huns. Scourge of God. Life by 
 
 Callimachus, 1491; Calanus, 1502; Buonaccorsi — .. 453 
 
 Attiret, John Denis. Frh-e Attiret. French Painter 1702. .1768 
 
 Atwell, Hugh. Actor — . . 1621 
 
 Atwood, George. Mathematician. {Arches) 1745 • • ^^°7 
 
 Atwood, Thomas. Musical Composer — ^. . . . . 1767. , 1838 
 
 Aubertin, Edmund. {D Eucharistie de VAncienne Eglise) 1595 . . 1652 
 Aubery, Anthony. French Hist. {Hist, of the Cardinals) 1616. .1695 
 Aubery, Louis. Sieur de Maurier. {Hist, of Holland) . , — ..1687 
 Aubespine, Gabriel de 1'. Fr. Ambass. in Engl.; Writer 1579. .1630 
 Aubespine, Magdalen de 1'. Fr. Wit and Beauty; Poet 1546. .1596 
 Aubign6, Theodore Agrippa d'. {Histoire Universelle) . . 1550.. 1630 
 Aublet, J. Baptist Christopher Fus^e. French Botanist. . 1720. .1728 
 Aubrey, John. Topog. and Antiq. Life by Britton, 1843 1626. . 1697? 
 
 Aubriet, Claude. French Painter 165 1 . . 1 740 
 
 Aubry de Gouges, Marie Olympic. Republican i755 • -1793 
 
 Aubusson, Peter d'. Cardinal; Warrior and Statesman 1423,. 1503 
 
 Auchmuty, Sir Samuel. General 1756. . 1022 
 
 Auckland, George Eden, 2nd Baron, 1st Earl. Governor- 
 General of India (1835-42) 1784. . 1849 
 
 Auckland, William Eden, 1st Baron. Ambass. and Writer 1744. . 1814 
 Aude, Joseph. Kt. of Malta. Dramatist. {LifeofBuffon) lye,^,. .1841 
 
 Audebert, Germain. French Poet 1518. . 1598 
 
 Audebert, J. Baptist. French Naturalist and Engraver. 1759. . 1800 
 Audenaerd, or Gudenaerd, Rob. van. Pa. and Engraver 1663. . 1743 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 29 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Audifredi, J. Baptist. Italian Astronomer 1714- -1794 
 
 Audifret, J. Baptist. French Geographer 1657. .1733 
 
 Audiguier, Vital d'. French Adventurer and Romancist. 1569-''. 1624 
 Audley, James, Lord, k. g. English Warrior in France. . I3i2?.i386 
 
 Audley, Thomas, Lord. Chancellor of England 1488 . .1544 
 
 Audouin, John Victor. French Entomologist 1 797 • • 1841 
 
 Audouin, Peter. French Engraver 1 768 . . 1822 
 
 Audran, Benoit. Engraver 1661 . .1721 
 
 Audran, Charles. French Painter i594- • 1674 
 
 Audran, Claude, brother or cousin. French Engraver. . . 1592. . 1677 
 
 Audran, Claude. French Painter 1639 . . 1684 
 
 Audran, Claude. Ornamental Designer 1685 . .1734 
 
 Audran, Gerard. French Painter and Engraver 1640. . 1703 
 
 Audran, Germain. Engraver 1631 . .1710 
 
 Audran, John. French Painter 1667. .1756 
 
 Audran, Louis. Engraver 1670. .17x2 
 
 Audubon, John James. Naturalist. {Birds of America) 1782. .iS^i 
 
 Augenio, Horace, de Monte Santo. Medical Writer 1527. . 1603 
 
 Auger, Athanasius. Abb^. Polit. and Classical Writer. 1734. .1792 
 
 Auger, Edmund. French Jesuit 1 530 • • 1591 
 
 Auger, Louis Simon. French Critic and Journalist 1772. . 1829 
 
 Augereau, Peter Francis Charles. Marshal of France. . . 1757. .1816 
 
 Augurello, John Aurelius. Italian Poet 1441 •''.1524 
 
 Augusta, Princess. Daughter of George III 1768. . 1840 
 
 Augustine, St. Missionary. Archbishop of Canterbury . — .. 607? 
 Augustine, St. Bishop of Hippo (395-430). Life by 
 
 self { C(»ifessio7is) ; Lancilottus, 1616; Mair, 1631; 
 
 Rivius, 1646; Godeau, 1646; Friche; Mann, 1809; 
 
 Kloth, 1840 ; Sintzel, 1845 ; Braune, 1846 354. . 430 
 
 Augustinus, Anthony. Sp. Writer on Law and Medals . . . 15 17. .1586 
 Augustulus, Romulus. LastEmp. of Western Rom. Empire fl. 5th c. 
 Augustus. Emperor of Rome (b.c. 31-a.d. 14). Life by 
 
 Graetr, 1666; Dieterich, 1666; Larrey, 1690; Lefebvre, 
 
 1760; Rolland, 1825 63 B.C.14A.D 
 
 Augustus I. Elector of Saxony 1526. .1586 
 
 Augustus Fred. II. King of Pol. and Elect, of Sax 1670. . 1733 
 
 Augustus Frederick III. King of Pol. ; Elect, of Sax. . 1696.. 1763 
 Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, son of Geo. III. 1773. -1^43 
 Aiilisio, Dominic. Neapolitan Linguist and Writer.... 1639.. 1717 
 
 Atilus Gellius. Lat. Grammarian. {Nodes Atticce) il. 117?. 180? 
 
 Aumale, Clias. de Lorr., Duke d'. Partis, of the League.. 1554. .1631 
 
 Aumont, Anthony d'. Marshal of France 1601 . . 1669 
 
 Aumont, John d', Ct. of Chateauroux. Marsh, of France 1522. .1595 
 Aungerville, Richard. {Philobiblion.) /See Angarville. . 1287'. 1345 
 Aunoy, or Aulnoy, Mary Cath., Countess of. {Fairy Tales) 1650 . . 1705 
 
 Aurelian. Roman Emperor (a.d. 270-75) 213?. 275 
 
 Aurelius, Marcus. See Antoninus 121.. 180 
 
 Aurelius Victor. Latin Historian and Biographer fl.ab.350 
 
 Aurelli, Aurelio, or Arelli, John Mutio. Ital. Latin Poet. fl. 1520 
 
 Auria, Vincent. {History of Eminejit Sicilians) 1625 . .1710 
 
 Aurispa, John, of Sicily. Collector of MSS 1369. . 1460 
 
 Aurogallus, Matthew. Philologist at Wittemberg 1480 .. 1543 
 
 Aurungzebe. Emperor of Hindostan 1618. .1707 
 
 Ausonius, Decimus Magnus. Roman Poet 3I0^ 390? 
 
 Austen, Jane. NoveUst 1775 . . 1817 
 
80 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY 
 
 BOUN. DIED. 
 
 Austen, William. Metal Founder fl. 15111 c. 
 
 Austin, John, R. Cath. Divine. ( Christian Moderator). 1613. .1669 
 
 Autelz, Wm. des. French Poet 1529?. 1576? 
 
 Auteroche, John Chappe d' . French Astronomer 1 722 . . 1 769 
 
 Automne, Bernard, of Bourdeaux. Jurist 1587. . 1666 
 
 Auton, John d'. Abb^. Historiographer. {Hist, of France) 1466?. 1527 
 
 Autreau, James d'. French Poet and Painter 1656. .1745 
 
 Auvergne, Anthony d'. French Musical Composer. .^. . . 1713. .1797 
 Auvergne, Latour d'. Soldier and Sch. /See Latour.. 1743. .1800 
 Auvigny, J. du Castre d'. {Lives of III. Men of France) 1712. .1743 
 
 Auxentius, Bishop of Milan. Arian Divine 310?. 374 
 
 Auzout, Adrian. French Mathematician — 1691 or 3 
 
 Avalos, Ferd. Francis d'. Neapolitan Soldier. {Dialogue on 
 
 Love) 1489.. 1525 
 
 Avantio, John Marion. Civilian and Writer at Padua. . 1564.. 1622 
 Avaux, Claude de Mesmes, Ct. d'. Diplom. and Scholar 1595. .1650 
 Aved, James Andrew Joseph. French Portrait-Painter . . 1702.. 1766 
 
 Avellino, Julius. Italian Landscape-Painter 1645?. 1700 
 
 Aventine, John Thiirmayer. {Annates Boioi-um) 1466. .1534 
 
 Averani, Benedict. Florentine Writer and Poet 1645 . .1707 
 
 Averani, Jos. Mathematician and Natural Philosopher. . 1662. .1738 
 Averdy, Clement Chas. de 1'. Fr. Statesm. and Writer. . 1723?. 1793 
 Averroes, or Ibn Roschid. Arabian Philos. and Phys. . . 1149?. 1198 
 
 Avesbury, Robert of. Historian — . . 1356? 
 
 Avicenna. Mahometan Physician and Philosopher 980.. 1037 
 
 Avienus, Rufus Festus. Latin Poet fl. 370? 
 
 Avila, Giles Gonzales. Spanish Divine and Historian. . . 1577''. 1658 
 
 Aviler, Augustine Charles d'. French Architect 1653 . .1700 
 
 Avison, Chas., of Newcastle. Mus. Composer and Writer 1710^.1770 
 
 Avitus. Roman Emperor of the West (455-56) — . . 456 
 
 Avogadro, Peter, of Brescia. Historical Painter fl. 1730' 
 
 Avrigny, Chas. Joseph Laeillard d'. French Poet 1670. . 1823 
 
 Avrigny, Hyacinth Robillard d'. French Historian 1675 . . 1 71 9 
 
 AxeL Abp. of Lund. Danish Minister and General 1128, .1201 
 
 Axtel, Daniel. Parliamentarian Colonel. Executed — ..1660 
 
 Ayala, Balth. Flem. Lawyer. {De Jure etOffidis BeUicis) 1548?. 1584 
 
 Ayala, Peter Lopez d'. Spanish Chronicler ^33^- • 1407 
 
 Ayesha. Wife of Mahomet 611. 677-8 
 
 Aylesbury, Sir Thos. Math, and Patron of Learning. . . 1576. . 1657 
 Aylmer, John. Bp. of London. Life by Strype, 1704. . . 1521 . . 1594 
 
 Ayloffe, Sir Joseph. Antiquary 1708"''. 1781 
 
 Aylward, Theodore. Musical Composer — . . 1801 
 
 Aymar, James. French Professor of Divination — . . 1662 
 
 Ayrer, Jacob. German Dramatic Writer — . . 1605 
 
 Ayres, John. English Penman — . . 1 705 ? 
 
 Ayrton, Edmund. Composer of Cathedral Music i734- • 1808 
 
 Ayscough, Geo. Edw. Trav. and Dramatist. {Semiramis) — ..i779 
 Ayscough, Rev. Sam. Writer. {Index to Shakespeare). 1745. .1804 
 
 Ayscue, or Ayscough, Sir George. Admiral — aft. 1672 
 
 Ayton, or Aytoun, Sir Robert. Scottish Poet 1570. . 1638 
 
 Aytoun, Wm. E. Scottish Professor, Essayist, and Poet 1813. .1865 
 
 Azara, Felix d'. Spanish Naturalist and Traveler 1746. .1811 
 
 Azara, Joseph Nicholas d'. Spanish Statesm. and Writ. 1731 . .1804 
 Azevedo, Ignatius. Portug. Missionary to West Indies. 1527. .1^70 
 Azorius, John. Spanish Jesuit. (/«s<^W. ilfora/mm). .. 1533. .1603 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 31 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Azpilcueta, Martin. Navarre. Spanish Lawyer i494- .1586 
 
 Aziini, Dominic Albert. {Droit Maritime de V Europe) . . 1749.. 1827 
 Azzi ne' Forti, Faustina. Eurinomia. Italian Poetess . . 1650.. 1724 
 
 Azzo, or Azo, Portius. Italian Lawyer — . . 1200 
 
 Azzoguidi, Valerius Felix. Antiquary, of Bologna 1651 . .1728 
 
 Azzolini, Decius. Cardinal. {Political Aphorisms) 1623.. 1689 
 
 Azzolini, Lawrence. Bishop of Narni. Satirist — . . 1632 
 
82 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 B. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Baader, Ferdinand Mary. Medical Writer 174;. . 1797 
 
 Baan, James de. Portrait-Painter 1673 . .1700 
 
 Baan, John de. Dutch Portrait-Painter 1633. .1702 
 
 Baarsdorp, Cornelius. {Methodus Unive.rsce Ariis Medicos) — ••1565 
 
 Baba, Ali. Founder of Algerine Independence — ..1718 
 
 Baber, or Babur. Emperor of Hindostan. Life by self, tr. 
 
 by Leyden and Erskine, 1826; R. M. Caldecott, 1845 1483. .1530 
 Babeuf, Francis. Noel Revolutionist. {Tribuneof People) 176^. .lyg^ 
 
 Babin, Francis. French Theologian and Canonist 165 1 . .1734 
 
 Babington, Anthony. Conspirator — . .1586 
 
 Babington, Gervase. Bishop of Worcester 1550?. i6to 
 
 Babington, Wm., m.d. Philos. Life by Kd. Bright, m.d. 1756, .1833 
 
 Babini, Matthew. Italian Vocalist i754- • 1816 
 
 Babo, Joseph Maria. German Professor and Dramati.st . 1756. .1822 
 
 Babylas. Bishop of Antioch (238-51). Martyr — . . 251 
 
 Bacai, Ibrahim Ben-omar. Mussulman Writer — . . 1480 
 
 Baccalar y Sanna, Vincent, Marquis of St. Philip. Soldier 
 
 and Statesman 1660?. 1726 
 
 Bacchanelli, John. Medical Writer of Rheggio fl. 1560? 
 
 Bacchini, Benedict, of Modena. Universal Scholar 1651 . .1721 
 
 Bacciochi, Madame, Princess Piombino. See Bonaparte 1777. .1820 
 
 Baccio d'Agnolo. Florentine Architect. 1460. .1543 
 
 Baccio della Porta. Fra Bartolomeo. Italian Painter. 1469.. 1517 
 
 Baccius, Andrew. Italian Medical Writer fl.i 567-1600 
 
 Bacli, Charles Philip Emanuel. Life by self I7i4' • 1788 
 
 Bach., John Sebastian. Musician. Life by Forkel, 1802 ; 
 
 Grosser, 1829 ; Helgenfeldt, 1850 1685 . . 1750 
 
 Bachaumont, Francis le Coigneux de. Fr. Lawyer and Po. 1624. .1702 
 Bachauniont, Louis Petit de. Fr. Writ. {Memoires Secrets) — . .1771 
 
 Bachelier, John James. French Painter 1724. . 1805 
 
 Baehelier, Nicholas, of Toulouse. Sculptor — aft. 15 53 
 
 Bachmeister, H. L. C Miscellaneous Writer 1736. . 1806 
 
 Bachovius, Reinier. German Protestant Civilian i544- • 1614 
 
 Baciccio, J. Baptist Gauli. Italian Painter 1639. .1709 
 
 Backer, or Bakkar, James. Dutch Historical Painter. . . 1530.. 1560 
 Backer, James. Dutch Portrait and Historical Painter. . 1609. .1641 
 
 Backhouse, William. Astrologer and Alchemist i593- • 1662 
 
 Backhuysen, Ludolph. Dutch Painter 163 1 . .1709 
 
 Bacon, Anne, Lady. Scholar and Writer 1528. . 1600 
 
 Bacon, Francis, Viscount St. Alban's. Life by Rawlev ; 
 David Mallet, 1740; Basil Montagu, 1834; Lord 
 Campbell ; J. Sortain ; Macaulav ; W. H. Dixon ; Mac- 
 
 vey Napier, 1853 ; Ellis, &c., 1861 1561 . . 1626 
 
 Bacon, or Baconthorpe, John. The Resolute Doctor — , . 1346 
 
 Bacon, John. Sculptor. Life by Rev. Richard Cecil 1740. .1799 
 
 Bacon, Sir Nathaniel. Landscape-Painter — . . 1615 
 
 Bacon, Sir Nicholas. Lord Keeper 1510..1579 
 
 Bacon, Phanuel. d. d. Divine and Poet. {Artificial Kile) — . .1783 
 Bacon, Robert. Divine. {Life of Ai-chbishop St. £d}nund) 1168K124S 
 Bacon, Roger. Friar. ( Opus Ji^ajus) 1214. . 1292' 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 33 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bacsanyi, Janos. Hungarian Poet and Writer 1763- • 1845 
 
 Badalocchio, Sisto-Rosa. Italian Painter and Engraver 1581. .1647 
 
 Badcock, Samuel. Polemical Writer i747- -1788 
 
 Baddeley, Robert. Comedian — . .1794 
 
 Baddeley, Sophia. Actress 1745 • • ^801 
 
 Baden, or Badens, Francis. Dutch Hist, and Portr. Painter 1571 . . 1603 
 
 Badia, Thomas. Cardinal i433' -1547 
 
 Badia y Leblich, Domingo. Ali Bey. Traveler and 
 
 Projector. See Ali Bey 1766. .1818 
 
 Badilej John Anthony. Italian Portrait-Painter 1480. . i56o' 
 
 Badius, Conrad. Scholar and Printer 1510..1568? 
 
 Badius, Josse. Ascensius. Scholar and Printer 1462. .1535 
 
 Badoara, Daniel, of Venice. Senator — . . 1584 
 
 Badoara, Frederick, of Venice. Statesman 1518. . 1595 
 
 Badoara, Lauro, of Venice. Poet 1546. .1593 
 
 Badoara, Peter, of Venice. Advocate — • • 1 59i 
 
 Baduel, Claude. French Protestant Divine — . .1561 
 
 Baeli, Francis. Sicilian Mathematician and Poet 1639. .1710? 
 
 Baerstraet, — . Dutch Painter — . . 1687 
 
 Baert, A. B. F. de Paul, Baron de. Fr. Senator and Author 1750. . 1825 
 
 Baffin, William. Navigator 1584''. 1622 
 
 Bagard, Charles. French Medical Writer 1696. .1772 
 
 Bage, Robert. Novelist 1728. . 1801 
 
 Bagford, John. Antiquary and Book Collector 1675 • -1716 
 
 Bagger, John. Bishop of Copenhagen. Danish Writer. 1646. .1693 
 
 Baggesen, Jens, or Immanuel. Danish Poet 1764. .1826 
 
 Bagieu, James. French Army Surgeon fl. 1750? 
 
 BagUone, John. Italian Painter. {Lives of Painters) .. 1573?. 1644? 
 Baglivi, George. Italian Physician. [Praxis Modica). . 1669. .1707 
 Bagnioli, Julius Caesar. Ital. Poet. {Judgment of Paris) — ..1630? 
 Bagot, Louis. Bp. St. Asaph. {Sermons on the Prophecies) 1740. .1802 
 Bagration, Peter Ivanovitch, Prince. Russian General . . 1765.. 1812 
 
 Bagshaw, Edward. Civilian and Political Writer — . . 1662 
 
 Bagshaw, Wm. Ejected Nonconf. Life by Ashe, 1704, 1628. .1702 
 Bahrdt, Charles Fred. Theologian and Satiric Writer . . 1741 . .1792 
 
 Baian, or Baion, Andrew. Indo-Portuguese Poet fl. 17th c. 
 
 Baier, John James. German Physician and Botanist . . . 1677. .1735 
 Baier, John Wm. The Old. Ger. Div. ( Compend.ofTheol.) 1647. .1694 
 
 Baif, Lazarus de. French Poet and Scholar — . -1547 
 
 Baikie, Dr. Airican Explorer — . . 1864 
 
 Bail, Lewis. French Divine. {Sapieniiaforisprcedicans). — ..1669 
 
 Bailey, Nathaniel. {English Dictionary) — . .1742 
 
 Bailey, Peter. Humorous Poet — . . 1823 
 
 Bailey, or Baley, Walter. Medical Writer 1529. .1592 
 
 Baillet, Adrian. French Critic. {Jug emens des Savants) . 1649.. 1706 
 
 Baillie, George, of Jerviswood — . . 1 738 
 
 Baillie, Miss Joanna. Dramatic Writer 1762. .1831 
 
 Baillie, John, m. b., Colonel. Indian Administrator and 
 
 Persian Scholar 1772. .1833 
 
 Baillie, Matthew, m. d. Anatomist and Physiologist 1761 . . 1823 
 
 Baillie, Robert. Principal, of Glasgow. Covenanter. 
 
 {Letters and Journals.) Life by D. Laing, 1841 I599- .1662 
 
 Baillie, Robert, of Jerviswood — . . 1684 
 
 Baillie, Roche le. La Riviere. Fr. Phys. and Astrologer — ..1605 
 
34 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Baillou, William de. French Medical Writer 1538. .1616 
 
 Bailly, David. Dutch Painter 1584. . 1638 
 
 Bailly, Edmund Louis Barthelemy. French Politician. . 1760. . 1819 
 
 Bailly, James. French Painter 1629. . 1679 
 
 Bailly, John Sylvanus. Astronomer. Mayor of Paris ; 
 
 guillotined 1736. .1793 
 
 Baily, Francis. Eng. Astron. Disc, oi Baily's Beads.. 1774.. 1844 
 
 Bainbridge, John, m. d. Astronomer 1582. . 1643 
 
 Bainbridge, William. American Commodore i774- • 1833 
 
 Bainbrigge, Christopher. Cardinal. Abp. York. Envoy — ••1514 
 Baines, Edward. Historical Writer. {Leeds Mercury".) 
 
 Life by E. Baines, 1851 1774. .1848 
 
 Baini, Joseph. Italian Musician 1775 . . 1844 
 
 Baird, General Sir David. Life by T. Hook i757 • • 1829 
 
 Baird, Robert. American Divine and Author 1798. . 1863 
 
 Bairuth., Margravine of. See Bareith. {Memoirs) 1709. • 1758 
 
 Baius, or De Say, Michael, of Lou vain. Theologian .... 15 13. .1589 
 
 Bajazet I. Sultan of the Turks (1389-1403) 1347. .1403 
 
 Bajazet II. Sultan of Turks (1481-1512) 1447. .1512 
 
 Baker, David. English Benedictine 1575 . . 1641 • 
 
 BaJser, David Erskine. {Biographia Dramatica) — . .1770^ 
 
 Baker, Edward D. American Soldier and Statesman ... 1811 . . i86x 
 
 Baker, Sir George, m. d. Antiquary 1722 . . 1809 
 
 Baker, Henrj\ Naturalist. Founder of Bakerian Oration 1698. . 1774 
 
 Baker, Johnr Admiral — . . 1716 
 
 Baker, Sir Richard. Historian 1568?. 1645 
 
 Baker, Thomas. Mathem. and Divine. ( Geometrical Key) 1625 . . 1690 
 Baker, Rev. Thos. Divine and Antiq. L. by Hor. Walpole 1656. .1740 
 
 Bakewell, Robert. Agriculturist and Cattle-Breeder 1726. .1795 
 
 Bakhuysen, Lvidolph, Painter and Engrav. of Embden. 1631 . .1709 
 
 Baki, or Abd-al-Baki. Ottoman Lyric Poet — . . 1600 
 
 Bakker, Peter Huysinga. Dutch Poet 1715 • • 1801 
 
 Balassi, Mario. Florentine Painter 1604. . 1667 
 
 Balbi, Adrian. Venetian Geographer 1 782 . . 1848 
 
 Balbi, Caspar. Oriental Traveler ^ fi. 15 79-88 
 
 Balbi, John. Genoese Dominican. ( Catholicon) fl.i3th c. 
 
 Balbinus. Roman Emperor (238) — . . 238 
 
 Balbis, John Baptist. Italian Botanist 1765 . . 1831 
 
 Balbo, Caesar. Italian Statesman and Author 1789. •1853 
 
 Balbo, Jerome. Bishop of Goritz. {De Rebus Turdcis). — ••i535 
 
 Balboa, Vasco Nuiiez de. Spanish Adventurer 1475 . . 1517 
 
 Balbuena, Bernardo de. Spanish Pcmt 1568. . 1627 
 
 Balcanqual, Walter. Scottish Divine — . . 1642 
 
 Balcarres, Colin. Earl of. ( Historical Memoirs) 1649 . . 1 722 
 
 Balcben, John. English Admiral 1660 . .1744 
 
 Balde, James. German Latin Poet. {Sylvce) 1603. .1668 
 
 Balde de CTbaldis, Peter. Italian Lawyer and Writer. . 1324. .1400 
 Balderic. Bp. of Noyon. Le Rouge. { Cnron. de Cambray) — . . 1097 
 Balderic, or Baudry. Bp. of Dol. Historian of Crusades — ..1130 
 Baldi, Bernardine. Italian Mathematician, Poet, and Phi- 
 lologist. {Lives of Mathematicians ; La Nautica). . . . 1553. .1617 
 
 Baldi, Lazarus. Tuscan Historical Painter 1623-4. .1703 
 
 Baldinger, Ernest Godfrey. German Medical Writer . . . 1738. . 1804 
 Baldini, Baccio. Florentine Engraver fl. 15th c. 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 35 
 
 BORX. DIED. 
 725 
 696 
 
 3^3 
 716 
 642 
 600 
 ? 
 
 Baldini, John Anthony. Italian Statesman 1654. . 
 
 Baldinucci, Philip. Florentine Artist 1624. . 
 
 Baldock, Ralph de. Bp. London. {Eist. British Affairs) — . . 
 
 Baldovini, Francis. Italian Poet 1635 . . 
 
 Balducci, Francis. Italian Anacreontic Poet — . . 
 
 Balduccio, John. Cosci. Florentine Painter — . , 
 
 BaJdung, John. Hans Griln. Ger. Painter and Engraver 1470. . 
 
 Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury (1184-90) — . . 
 
 Baldwin I. Emperor of East. Count of Flanders 1171 . . 
 
 Baldwin JI. Emperor of East (1228-61) 121 7 . . 
 
 Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem (1100-18) — . . 
 
 Baldwinll. (1118-31) — .. 
 
 Baldwinlll. (1143-63) 1130.. 
 
 Baldwin IV. (1174) 1160. . 
 
 Baldwin, Roger S. American Jurist and Statesman. . . . 1793. . 
 Baldwin, Wm. Schoolm. and Div. {Mirror for Mag.) — .. 
 Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory. ( Writers of Great Britain). 1495. . 
 Bale, Robt. Carmelite at Norw. { Annates OrdinisCarmelit,) — .. 
 
 Bal6cliou, John James. French Engraver 1715 • . 
 
 Balen, Henry van. Dutch Historical and Portrait Painter 1560. . 
 
 Balen, John van, son. Painter 161 1 . . 
 
 Bales, Peter. Penman 1547. • 
 
 Balestra, Anthony. Historical Painter 1666. . 
 
 Baley, Walter. Medical Writer 1529. . 
 
 Balfour, Alex. Novelist and Misc. Writ, i Highland Mary) lySj . . 
 
 Balfour, Sir James. Scottish Judge — . . 
 
 Balfour, Sir James. Antiquary. Life by Haig, 1825. .. . — .. 
 
 Balfour, James, of Pilrig. Advocate 1703. . 
 
 Balguy, Rev. John. Bangorian Controversialist 1686. . 
 
 Balguy, Thos., son. Archdeacon. {Divine Benevolence) 1^16. . 
 
 Baliol, Edward — . . 
 
 Baliol, Sir John de. Founder of Baliol College, Oxford. — . . 
 
 Baliol, John, son. King of Scotland 1259?. 
 
 Ball, Sir Alexander. Rear-Admiral '. . — , , 
 
 Ball, John. Puritan Divine. ( Treatise on Faith) 1585 . . 
 
 Ball, Thomas. Puritan Divine — , . 
 
 Ballantyne, James, of Edinburgh. Printer and Journalist — . . 
 
 Ballantyne, John, brother. Printer 1776?. 
 
 Ballantyne, Dr. J. R., of Benares. Orientalist — . . 
 
 Ballard, George. Biographer and Antiquary — . . 
 
 Ballard, Samuel James. Admiral — . . 
 
 Ballard, Volant Vashon. Admiral i774- • 
 
 BaUenden, or Bellenden, Sir John. Scot. Poet and Hist. . — . . 
 
 Ballexserd, James. Medical Writer at Geneva 1726. . 
 
 BaJlin, Claude. French Goldsmith 1615 . . 
 
 Ballois, Louis Joseph Philip. Statistical Writer 1778. . 
 
 BaUou, Hosea. Amer. Univers. Clergyman and Author . 1771 . . 
 
 Balmerino, Arthur Elphinstone, Lord. Beheaded 1688. . 
 
 Balmez, James Lucia. Spanish Polit., Theol., Philos 1810. . 
 
 Balnaves, Henry. Scottish Poet and Calvinistic Divine. 1520.. 
 Balsham, Hugh de. Bp. Ely. Found. Pet. Coll. Camb. — . . 
 Balthasar, Christopher. French Protestant Theologian. . 1588. . 
 Baltimore, Geo. Calvert, 1st Ld. Founder of Maryland. 1582. . 
 Baltus, John Francis. Jesuit of Metz. Writer 1667. . 
 
 545-' 
 190 
 206 
 
 VA 
 
 163 
 186 
 863 
 564? 
 563 
 503 
 
 632 
 
 610? 
 720? 
 592 
 829 
 
 583 
 657 
 
 795 
 748 
 
 795 
 363 
 269 
 
 314 
 659 
 640 
 659 
 
 833 
 821 
 864 
 
 829 
 832 
 550 
 774 
 678 
 803 
 852 
 746 
 848 
 
 579 
 286 
 670? 
 632 
 743 
 
36 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Baltzar, Thomas, of Lubeck. Violinist in England — . . 1663 
 
 Balue, John. Cardinal. Intriguer 1420'. 1491 
 
 Baluze, Stephen. Historical Writer 1630 . . 1 718 
 
 Balzac, Honord de. Novelist 1799.. 1850 
 
 Balzac, John Louis Guez de. Writer. {Letters) i594- -1654 
 
 Bambocci, Anthony. Pa., Archit., Sculpt., Brass-founder 1368^1435 
 
 Bamboccio, or Bamboche. See Peter van Laer 1613. 1673 ^^ 5 
 
 Bambridge, or Bainbrigge, Christoph. Cardl. Abp. Yk.. — • •1514 
 Bamfield, Francis. Ejected Nonconf. {House of Wisdom) — ..1684 
 Bampton, Rev. J. Founder of the Bampton Lecture. 
 Bancal des Issarts, John Henry. French Revolutionist. 1750. .1826 
 
 Banck, Laurence. Swedish Civilian — , . 1662 
 
 Banck, Peter van der. Engraver in England 1649. . 1697 
 
 Bancroft, John. Master of Univ. College ; Bp. Oxford.. 1574. .1640 
 Bancroft, Richard. Archbp. of Canterbury (1604-10). . . 1544. . 1610 
 
 Bandarra, Gonzales. Portuguese Poet .~. — • • 1556 
 
 Bandello, Matthew. Italian Novelist and Poet 1480. .1562 
 
 Bandiera, Attilio andEmilio. Yenetian Revolutionists 1817&19. . 1844 
 
 Bandinelli, Baccio. Sculptor. Life by Vasari 1487. .1559 
 
 Bandini, Angelo Maria. Antiquary and Bibliographer.. 1726, .1800 
 
 Banduri, Anselm, {Antiquities of ' Constantinople) 1671 . .1743 
 
 Bane, or Benn, Jas. Bp. of St. Andrews. Ld. Chamberlain — ••1332 
 Baner, Banier, or Bannier, John von. Swedish General. 1595.. 1641 
 
 Banes, Dominic. See Bannes 1527 . . 1604 
 
 Bangius, Peter. Swedish Div. {Ecdes. Hist, of Siveden) . 1633.. 1696 
 Bangius, Thomas. Danish Divine. {HebrewLexicon). . 1600. .1661 
 
 Banier, Anthony. French Writer 1673 ■ • i74i 
 
 Banim, John. Irish Novelist 1800. . 1842 
 
 Banister, John. Physician and Surgical Writer 1553?. 1630? 
 
 Banister, John. Violinist 1630'. 1676 
 
 Banister, John. Botanist — . . 1689 
 
 Bankert, Adrian. Dutch Admiral. — . . 1684 
 
 Bankert, Joseph van Trappen. Dutch Admiral — . . 1646? 
 
 Banljes, Henry, m. p. ( Constitutional History of Greece). . 17^7. .1834 
 
 Bankes, Sir John. Lord Chief Justice '. i5^9- • 1644 
 
 Banks, John. Dramatist. {The Unhappy Favorite) 5.1700-'' 
 
 Banks, John. Bookseller. ( Crit. Rev. of L. of Cromwell). 1709. .1751 
 Banks, Sir Joseph. Naturalist. Pres. Roj'al Society. . . 1743. .1820 
 
 Banks, Thomas. Sculptor 1735 • • ^^^S 
 
 Banks, Thomas Christopher. Genealogist 1764. .1854 
 
 Bannatyne, George. Antiquary 1545 bef.i6o8 
 
 Bannatyne, Sir William. Scottish Judge and Writer. . . 1743. • 1^34 
 Bannes, Dominic. Span. Writ, on Arist. and the Fathers. 1527. .1604 
 Bannier, or Banier, John. Gen. under Gustav. Adolph. . 1595..1641 
 Bannister, John. Comedian. L. by J. Adolphus, 1839. 1760. .1836 
 
 Banti, Brigida Georgi. Italian Singer i757- • 1806 
 
 Baptist, John Bapt. Monnoyer. Pa. of Fruit and Flowers . 1635,. 1699 
 Baptist, John Caspar. Pa. of Drapery and Background. — ..1691 
 Baptistin, John Bapt. Stuck. Ital. Musical Composer. . . 1677?. 1755 
 BaradsBUS. Jacob Zanzalus. Bp. of Edessa. See Jacob. — .. 578 
 
 Baraguay d'Hilliers, Louis. French General 1764. .1812 
 
 Baranzano, Redemptus. Mathematician. { Uranoscopia) . 1590.. 1622 
 Baratier, John Philip. Ger. Scholar. Life by Formey . 1 721. .1740 
 Barba, Alvarez Alonzo. ( Treatise on Metallurgy) fl. 1620 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 87 
 
 BOEIT. DIED. 
 
 Barbacena, F. C. Brant, Mqs. of. Brazilian Soldier and 
 
 Statesm 1772. • 1842 
 
 Barbadillo, Alphonso Jerome de Salas. Span. Dramat. . 1580?. 1630 
 
 Barbarelll. See Giorgione. Venetian Painter i477- .1511 
 
 Barbarini, Francis. Italian Poet. (Prece/^te of Zoue). .. 1264. .1348 
 Barbaro, Dan. Coadj. Patr. of Aquileia. ( On Eloquence) 1513. .1570 
 Barbaro, Francis. Venetian Orator. (Z)6 i?e ZJicoria). 1398. .1454 
 Barbaro, Hermolaos. Bp. of Verona. Schol. ; tr. of J^^sop 1410?. 1471 
 Barbaro, Hermolaos, of Venice. Patriarch of Aquileia. 
 
 Scholar ; translator of Aristotle 1454 . . 1495 
 
 Barbarossa. See Frederick I. Emperor 1121 . .1190 
 
 Barbarossa, Heyradin. Corsair King of Algiers 1467?. 1547 
 
 Barbarossa, Horuch. Corsair King of Algiers 1475?. 15 18 
 
 Barbarbux, Chas. Fr. Scientific Writer and Politician. . 1767. .1794 
 
 Barbatelli, Bernardino. Poccetti. Italian Painter 1542.. 161 2 
 
 Barbavild, Mrs. Anna Laetit. Writ. L. by Lucy Aikin, 1825 1743. • 1825 
 Barbazan, Arraand William. Le Chevalier sans Eeproche — . .1432 
 Barbazan, Stephen. Fr. Writer. {A Father'' s Instructions) 1696.. 1770 
 
 Barbe. Queen of Poland. Esther — , .1525 
 
 Barb6-Marbois, Francis de, Ct. and Mqs. Fr. Statesm. 1745. -1837 
 Barbe Radziwil. Qu. of Poland, wife of Sigism. August. — . .1551 
 
 Barbeau de la Bruyere, John Louis. {Hist. Map) 1710. .1781 
 
 Barber du Bourg, James. Fr. Physician and Botanist. . 1709. .1779 
 
 Barber, John. Civilian; friend of Cranmer — . .1549 
 
 Barberini, Anthom'. Cardinal, Archbishop of Reims. 
 
 Negotiator and Ambassador 1608. . 1671 
 
 Barberini, or Barbarini, Francis. Italian Poet 1264. . 1348 
 
 Barberini. See Urban VIII 1568 . . 1644 
 
 Barbeyrac, Charles. Fr. Phys. ( Qtuestiones Medicm). , . 1629. .1699 
 Barbeyrac, John. Fr. Historical and Juridical Writer. . 1674. .1744 
 
 Barbi6 d'Aucourt, John. Anti-Jesuit Writer 1641 . . 1694 
 
 Barbi6 du Bocage, Alex. Francis, {Diet, of Bibl. Geog.) 1798. .1835 
 Barbi6 du Bocage, John Denis. French Geographer. . . 1760. .1825 
 Barbier, Anthony Alexander. French Writer. {Diction- 
 ary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works) 1765 . . 1825 
 
 Barbier, Charles. French Philanthropist — ab.1830 
 
 Barbieri, Gianfrancesco. Guercino da Cento. Painter. .. 1590. .1666 
 Barbieri, Paul Anthony, brother. Painter of Still Life. . 1596. . 1640 
 Barbosa, Arias, or Ayres. Port. Schol. ; Reviver of Learn. — ..1530 
 
 Barbosa, Augustine. Canonist 1590- • 1638 
 
 Barbosa, Emanuel. Portuguese Lawyer 1548?. 1649 
 
 Barbosa, Peter. Portuguese Lawyer — . . 1606 
 
 Barbou, John Joseph. Printer at Paris — . . 1 752 
 
 Barbou, Joseph, brother. Printer at Paris — . .1737 
 
 Barbou, Joseph Gerard, neph. Classical Printer atParis. 1715. .1813 
 
 Barbour, James. American Statesman 1775.. 1825 
 
 Barbour, John. Scottish Poet and Historian 1316'. 1395' 
 
 Barchusen, or Barkhausen, John Conrad. Phys. & Chem. 1666. .1723 
 Barclay, Alexander. Writer ; translator of Ship of JFook . — ..1552 
 
 Barclay de ToUy, Michael. Russian General 1755 . . 1818 
 
 Barclay, John. Writer. {Argenis.) L. by Ld. Hailes, 1786 1582. .1621 
 Barclay, John. Scot. Div. {Descrip. o/the R. C. Church) 1645. -^7^° 
 Barclay, John. Scot. Div. Found. ofBereans, or Barclayans 1734. .1798 
 Barclay, Robert. Quaker Writer. {Apology) 1648 . . 1690 
 
38 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Barclay, "Win. Scottish Civilian in France. {Be Eegno) i^^6. .160$ 
 
 Bar-Cokeba. Jewish Impostor — . . 134 
 
 Barcos, Martin de. Writer in the Jansenist Controversy. 1600. .1678 
 
 Bardesanos, of Edessa. Heresiarch fl. 172? 
 
 Bardet, Peter. French Advocate. {Eecueil d'Ai^rets). . le^gi. .i6S^ 
 
 Bardin, Peter. {Le Grand Chambellan de France) 1590- -1637 
 
 Bardney, Rd. English Benedictine. {Life of Ch-osteste). . — . .1504 
 
 Barebone, Praise-God — . .1680 
 
 Bareith., Frederica Sophia Wilhelmina, Margravine of. . . 1709. .1758 
 
 Barents, Dietrich. Dutch Hist, and Portrait Painter 1534. . 1582 
 
 Barentz, William. Dutch Navigator n. i6th c. 
 
 Barere de Vieuzac, Bertrand. Revolutionist. Life by 
 
 Carot and David, 1842 1755.. i8ai 
 
 Baretti, Joseph. Italian Writer. {Hal. and Eng. Diet.). 17 16. .1789 
 
 Bargagli, Scipione. Tuscan Writer ". — . . 1612 
 
 Bargrave, Isaac. Dean of Canterbury ; Roval Chaplain .-15 86. .1643 
 
 Barham, Rev. Richard Harris. {Ingoldsby Legends) 1788. .1845 
 
 BariUon, Hen. de. Bp. Lu9on. L.' by C F. Dubos, 1700 1639. .1699 
 
 Barker, Benjamin, of Bath. Painter'. 1776?. 1838 
 
 Barker, Edmund Henry. Philologist 1 788 .. 1839 
 
 Barker, George, of Birmingham. Projector 1776-''. 1845 
 
 Barker, John. Consul-General in Egypt. Pomologist. . . — . .1850 
 Barker, Matthew Henry. The Old Sailor. Naval Novelist 1790. .1846 
 
 Barker, Robert. Painter and Panoramist 1739 . . 1806 
 
 Barker, Thomas, of Bath. Artist. ( Woodman) 1769. .1847 
 
 Barkham, or Barcham, John. Divine and Antiquary. ., , 1572?. 1642 
 Barksdalp, Rev. Clem. Biographer. {Monum. Literaria) 1609. .1688 
 
 Barlaam. Italian Ecclesiastic and Greek Scholar — . . 1348? 
 
 Barleeus, Caspar. Dutch Latin Poet. {Paradlsius) 1584. .1648 
 
 BarlsBus, Lambert. Scholar and Annotator at Leyden. . . 1595 . . 1655 
 Barland, Adrian. Dutch Critic and Historical Writer. . . 1488?. 1542 
 
 Barletta, Gabriel. Dominican Preacher ; 1400?. — 
 
 Barlow, Francis. Painter of Animals 1626 . . 1 702 
 
 Barlow, JoeL Amer. Statesm. & Poet. L. by Oelsner, 1813 1755?. 1812 
 
 Barlow, Peter, of Woolwich. Mathematician 1776. .1862 
 
 Barlow, Thomas. Bishop of Lincoln 1607. .1691 
 
 Barlowe, Wm. Bp. of Chichester. Protestant Exile. . . — . .1569 
 
 Barlowe, William. Archdeacon. Nat. Philosopher — . .1625 
 
 Barnard, Sir Andrew Francis. British General i773- • 1855 
 
 Barnard, Anne, Lady. Ballad Poet. (Auld Robin Gray) 1705 . . 1825 
 
 Barnard, John, d. d."^ Divine. {Life of Heylin) — . .1683 
 
 Barnard, Sir John, m. p. Lord Mayor and Statesman. . . 1685 . .1764 
 
 Barnaud, Nicholas. French Alchemist fl. i6th c 
 
 Barnave, Anthony Peter Joseph. French Statesman. . . . 1761 . .1793 
 Barner, James. Chemical Philos. ( Chyinia Philosophica) 1641 . . 1686 
 
 Barnes, Barnaby. Poet I569-'' aft.1607 
 
 Barnes, Daniel H. American Conchologist , — . . 1818 
 
 Barnes, Joshua. Critic and Historian. {jEdward III.). . 16^4. .1712 
 Barnes, or Bemers, Juliana. Prioress of Sopewell. Writer — aft.1485 
 Barnes, Robert. Chapl. to Henry VIII. Protest. Martyr. —..1540 
 
 Barnes, Thomas. Editor of Times 1786. .1841 
 
 Bamet, Curtis. Commodore — . . 1 746 
 
 Barneveldt, Jon van Olden. Dutch Statesman 1547?. 1619 
 
 Barney, Joshua. American Naval Commander i759- • 1818 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 39 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Baro, or Baron, Peter. Fr. Prot. Prof, of Div. at Cambridge 1 534'' . 1 599 
 Baroccio, Baroche, or Barroccio, Fred. Italian Painter. . 1528. .1612 
 Baroccio, or Barozzi, da Vignola, James. Ital. Architect 1507. .1573 
 Baron, Bonaventure. Irish Franciscan Writ. (Theologia) — ..1696 
 
 Baron, Michael. French Actor 1653 . .1729 
 
 Baroni, Leonora. Italian Singer and Poet fl. 17th c. 
 
 Baronius, Caesar. Cardinal. ( Ecclesiastical Annals.) Life 
 
 by Barnabaeus, 1651 1538. . ] 
 
 Barozzi, James. See Baroccio. Architect 1507 . . 
 
 Barraband, Peter Paul. French Painter of Birds 1 767 . . 
 
 Barral, Peter. French Abbd. {Diet, des Homines CeVebres) — ,. 
 Barras, Paul John Francis Nicholas. Fr. Revolutionist. 1755.. 
 Barr6, Col. Isaac. Life by Britton, in Authorship of Junius 1726. 
 
 Barr6, Joseph, of Paris. {History of Germany) 1692' 
 
 Barr6, Louis Francis Joseph de la. Fr. Historical Writer 1688. . ] 
 
 Barr6, Madame du. See Dubarry 1746. . ] 
 
 Barr6, Wm. Vincent. Fr. Writer. {Hist, of First Consulate) — . . 
 
 Barrelier, James. French Botanist 1606. . 
 
 Barrdre de Vieuzac. See Barere de Vieuzac i755 • • 
 
 Barrere, Peter. French Physician and Naturalist 1690?. 
 
 Barrett, George. Landscape Painter 1732?. 
 
 Barrett, John, D. D. Orient. { Origin of Constellations) . . — .. 
 Barrett, Wm., of Bristol. Frd. of Chatterton. {Hist, of Bristol) — . . 
 
 Barrington, Hon. Daines. Writer. {Miscellanies) 1727. . 
 
 Barrington, John Shute, First Viscount. Writer. {Mis- 
 cellanea Sacra.) Life by Shute Barrington 1678. . 
 
 Barrington, Samuel. Admiral 1729. . 
 
 Barrington, Hon. Shute. Bishop of Durham (1791-1826) 1734. . 
 Barrington, William Wildman, Viscount. Statesman.. 1710.. 
 
 Barroccio, or Baroccio, Frederick. Italian Painter 1528. . 
 
 Barros, John de. The Portuguese Livy. Historian. (J.sia) 1496. . 
 Barrow, Isaac, d. d. Theologian and Mathemartician. . . . 1630. . 
 
 Barrow, Sir John. Biographer. Life by himself 1764. .] 
 
 Barruel Beauvert, Anthony Joseph, Ct. de. Fr. Writer 1756. 
 
 Barruel, Augustine. French Writer 1741 • 
 
 Barry, Sir Charles. Architect of Houses of Parliament. . 1795. 
 
 Barry, Countess du. See Dubarry 1746. . ] 
 
 Barry, Sir David. Physician and Physiologist 1 780 . . 
 
 Barry, Elizabeth. Actress 1658 . . 
 
 Barry, George, D. d. Scot. Div. {History of the Orkneys) 1748?. 
 
 Barry, Girald. Giraldus Cambrensis. Historian ', . 1147. . 
 
 Barry, James, Lord Santry. Irish Judge. ( Tenures). . . 1598. . 
 Barry, James. Painter. L. Pref. to Works, 4to, 2 vols. 1809 17^1.. 
 
 Barry, John. American Naval Commander i745 • • 
 
 Barry, Martin. Physiologist 1802. . 
 
 Barry, Spranger. Actor 1719. • 
 
 •Bartas, William Sallust du. French Poet i544- • 
 
 Barth, or Bart, John. French Commodore 165 1 . . 
 
 Barthe, Nicholas Thomas. French Writer ^737- ■ 
 
 Barthelemon, Francis Hippolite. Composer and Violinist 1731 . . 
 Bartli61eniy, John James. ( Young Anacharsis.) Life by 
 
 Mancini-Nivernois, 1795 1716. . 
 
 Barthez, Paul Joseph. French Medical Writer ^734- • 
 
 Barthius, Gaspar. German Scholar. {Soliloqua) ^5°7-- 
 
40 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bartholdy, Jacob Solomon. Prussian Diplomatist i779- -^^^5 
 
 Bartholine, Erasmus. Physician. {De Cometis) 1625 . . 1698 
 
 Bartholine, Gaspar. Danish Medical Writer 1585 . . 1629 
 
 Bartholine, Gaspar. Phys. and Anat. (De Tibiis Veterum) 1650'. 1705? 
 
 Bartholine, Thomas. Danish Medical Writer 1616. .1680 
 
 Bartholine, Thomas. {Antiquitaies Danicce) 1659. . 1690 
 
 Bartholomew. Anylius. English Franciscan fl. 1350^ 
 
 Bartleman. See Barthelemon 1731 . .1808 
 
 Bartlett, Josiah. American Physician and Politician 1'759- .1820 
 
 Bartlett, William Heniy. Artist and Author 1809. . 1854 
 
 Bartoli. Italian Civilian 1312 . .1356 
 
 Bartoli, Cosmo. {Life of Frederick Barbarossa) fl. 1570 
 
 Bartoli, Daniel. Jesuit Writer. {History of the Jesuits). . 1608.. 1685 
 
 Bartoli, Peter Santo. Perugino. Italian Painter 1635 '.1700 
 
 Bartolini, Lorenzo. Italian Sculptor i777- .1850 
 
 BartoloGci, Julius. Hebraist. {Bibliotheca Rabbinica) . . 1613..1687 
 Bartolomeo, Andrew de. Andrea Siculo. Italian Jurist 1400. .1479 
 
 Bartolomeo, Dionysius di. Neapolitan Architect fl. i6th c. 
 
 Bartolomeo, Fra. See Baccio della Porta 1469. .1517 
 
 Bartolomeo, Leonardo di. Sicilian Statesman — . . 1450 
 
 Bartolozzi, Francis. Engraver 1725?. 1813? 
 
 Barton, Benjamin Smith, m. d. American Naturalist . . . 1766. .1815 
 
 Barton, Bernard. Quaker Poet 1784. .1849 
 
 Barton, Elizabeth. Holy Maid of Kent — ••i534 
 
 Bartram, John. American Botanist 1701 . .1777 
 
 Bartram, Wm. Amer. Naturalist. (Amer. Ornithology) 1739.. 1823 
 Bartsch, Adam von. Ger. Engrav. {Le Peintre graveur) 1757. .1820 
 
 Baruffaldi. Jesuit Writer. {Lifeof Ariosto) 1740.. 1817 
 
 Barwick, John, d. d. Dean of St. Paul's. Life by Dr. 
 
 Peter Barwick, 1721, tr. by Hilkiah Bedford . . . ." 1612. . 1664 
 
 Barwick, Peter, brother. Med. Writ. {Defence of Harvey) i6ig. .lyo^ 
 
 Barziza, Gasparino. Reviver of Learning 1370'. 1432 
 
 Bas, James Philip le. French Engraver 1707. .1783 
 
 Bas, John le. French Surgeon and Accoucheur fl. 1756-65 
 
 Basaiti, Mark, of Friuli. Italian Painter fl. 1510-30 
 
 Basan, Peter Francis. Engraver and Print-seller .. .»...-. 1723. .1797 
 Baschenis, Evarista. Ital. Pa. of Musical Instruments. 161 7.. 1677 
 
 Baschi, Matthew. Founder of Capuchin Friars 1500'. 1552 
 
 Basedow, John Bernard. Ger. Philos. and Educationist 1723. .1790 
 
 Baseilhac, John. French Lithotomist 1703- -1781 
 
 Basevi, George. Architect 1 795 • • 1845 
 
 Bashuysen, Hen. Jas. van. Hebrew Scholar and Printer 1679. -1758 
 BasU, St. The Great. Bishop of Cassarea (371-79). Life 
 
 by Godf. Hermant (Dr. Menart), 1674; Agresta, 1681 329. . 379 
 
 Basiliseus. Emperor of East (475-77). — 477 or 8 
 
 BasUlusI. Emperor of East (867-86). The Macedonian 826^886 
 
 BasiUusII. Emperor of East (976-1025) 958.. 1025 
 
 Basilovitch, John, or Ivan. Emperor of Russia 1529. .1584 
 
 Basin, or Bazin, Thomas. Bishop. Historian 1402. . 1491 
 
 Basingstoke, or Basinge, John. Arclid. Greek Scholar — ..1252 
 
 Basire, or Basier, Isaac. Divine and Traveler 1607. . 1676 
 
 Basire, James. Engraver 1730. .1802 
 
 BaskerviUe, Hannibal. Antiquary — . . 1688 
 
 BaskerviUe, John. Printer 1 706, . 1775 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 41 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 BaskerviUe, Sir Simon. Physician i573 ' • 1641 
 
 Basnage, Benjamin. Fr. Protest. ( Treatise on the Church) 1580. .1652 
 Basnage du Franquenay, Henry. French Lawyer. 
 
 Editor of Coutume de Nor-maiidie 161 5 . . 1695 
 
 Basnage de Beauval, Henry. ( Ouvrage des Savans). . . 1656. .1710 
 Basnage de Beauval, James. Eccles. Writ, and Hist. . 1653. .1723 
 Basnage de Flottemanville, SamueL (Annales PoUtico- 
 
 .Ecdesiasticce) 1638 . . 1 721 
 
 Bass, George. Surgeon, k. n. Discov. Basses Straits. . . — aft. 1798 
 
 Bass, or Bassius, Henry. German Surgeon 1690. .1754 
 
 Bassandyne, Thomas. Scottish Printer and Reformer. . — ••1591 
 Bassani, James Anthony. Jesuit of Vicenza. Preacher 1686. .1747 
 
 Bassani, John Baptist. " Musical Composer 1657-'. — 
 
 Bassano. James da Ponte. Italian Painter 15 10. .1592 
 
 Bassano, Francis da Ponte. Painter 1548. .1591 
 
 Bassano, Hugues Bernard Maret, Due de. Fr. Statesman 1763. .1839 
 
 Bassano, Jerome. Painter 1560.'. 1622 
 
 Bassano, John Baptist. Painter i553- -1613 
 
 Bassano, Leander. Painter at Venice 1558- .1623 
 
 Bassantin, or Bassantoun, James. Scottish Astrologer. . 1504?. 1568 
 
 Basselm,, Oliver. French Poet — ab.1418 
 
 Bassi, Laura Maria Catherine. Italian Philosopher 171 1 . .1778 
 
 Bassiano, Laudi. Italian Medical Writer — . .1562 
 
 Bassius, or Bass, Heniy. Medical Writer at Halle 1690. .1754 
 
 Bassompierre, Francis de. Marsh, of France. Life by self 1579. .1646 
 Basson, Sebastian. (Philosoph. Natural, adversus Aristot.) 
 
 Bassuel, Peter. French Surgical Writer 1706. .1757 
 
 Bassville, Nicholas John Hugo de. Fr. Envoy and Writer — . . 1 793 
 
 Bast, Frederick James. German Scholar 1772. .1811 
 
 Basta, George. French Militaiy Writer — . . 1607 
 
 Bastard, Thomas. Clergyman and Poet — . .1618 
 
 Bastiat, Frederick. French Political Economist 1801 . .1850 
 
 Bastide, John Francis de la. Fr. Miscellaneous Writer . 1724. .1798 
 Baston, Robert. Poet Laureate and Pub. Orator at Oxf. — . .1310? 
 
 Bastwick, John, m. d. Polemical Writer 1593 aft. 1648 
 
 Bate, George. Physician and Historical Writer 1608. .1668 
 
 Bate, John, d. d. Prior of the Carmelites of York — . . 1429 
 
 Bate, Julius. Hutchinsonian Divine 1711 . .1771 
 
 Bateman, Chas. Philip Boteler. British Admiral i775- -1857 
 
 Bateman, Thomas. Physician — . . 1821 
 
 Bateman, William. Bishop (ff Norwich (1344-55) — . .1355 
 
 Bates, John. Musical Composer ^74°. .1799 
 
 Bates, Joshua. Amer. Merch. in London; Philanthropist 1788. .1864 
 
 Bates, William. Nonconf. Divine and Biographer 1625. .1699 
 
 Bath, William Pulteney, Earl of. Statesman 1682. .1764 
 
 Bathalmiusi. Mahometan Genealogical Writer — . . 1030 
 
 Bathe, William. Irish Jesuit at Salamanca. Writer. 
 
 (Janua Linguarum) 1564. .1614 
 
 Bathori, Ehzabeth. Niece of Stephen Bathori ; Murderess — ..1614 
 
 Bathori, Stephen. King of Poland (1576-86) 1533 . .1586 
 
 Bathurst, Allen. First Earl. Statesman 1684. .1775 
 
 Bathurst, Hen. 2d E. L. Chanc. ( Theory of Evidence) 1 714 . . 1 794 
 
 Bathurst, Henry. Third Earl 1 762 . .1834 
 
 Bathurst, Henry. Bp. Norwich. L. by Archd. H. Bathurst 1 744 .1837 
 
42 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Bathurst, Ralph, m. d. Dean of Wells. Philosopher, 
 
 Wit, and Latin Poet. Life by T. Warton, 1761 1620. .1704 
 
 BathyUus. Pantomime fl-3o' b.c. 
 
 Batman, or Bateman, Stephen, d. d. Poet — . .1587 
 
 Batoni, Pompeo Jerome. Italian Painter 1708. .1787 
 
 Batou Khan. Emperor of the Moguls — . .1255 
 
 Batsch, August. John George Chas. German Naturalist 1761 . .1802 
 Battaglini, Mark. Bishop of Cesena. {Hist, of Councils) 1645.. 1717 
 Battely, Dr. John. Antiquary. {Antiquitates Butupince) 1647. .1708 
 
 Batteux, Charles. French Critic 1713- .1780 
 
 Batthyanyi, Count Louis. Hungarian Statesman 1809. .1849 
 
 Battle, William, m. d. ( Treatise on Mental Madness) . . . 1704. .1776 
 
 Battishill, Jonathan. Musical Composer 1738. .1801 
 
 Baudelocque, John Louis. French Accoucheur 1746. . 1810 
 
 Baudelot de Dairval, Chas. Caesar. Medalist and Antiq. 1648 . . 1 722 
 
 Bauderon, Brice. Medical Writer 1540. .1623 
 
 Baudet, Stephen. French Engraver 1643 . . 1 716 
 
 Baudier, Michael. French Historical Writer fl. ti. Lou. XIII. 
 
 Baudin, Peter Charles Louis. French Political Writer. . 1748. .1799 
 Baudius, Dominic, of Leyden. Historiog. and Latin Poet 1561 . . 1613 
 
 Baudot de Juilli, Nicholas. Historical Writer 1678. .1759 
 
 Baudouin, Frs. Baldwinus. French Civilian and Scholar 1520. .1573 
 Baudouin, or Baudoin, John. PVench Class. Translator. 1584?. 1650 
 
 Baudrand, Michael Anthony. French Geographer 1633. .1700 
 
 Bauer, Ferdinand. Botanical Painter 1744. . 1826 
 
 Bauhin, Caspar. French Bot. {Pinax Theatri Botanici) 1560. .1624 
 
 Bauhin, John. French Protestant Physician 1511. .1582 
 
 Bauhin, John. French Botanist. (Hisioria Plantariim). 1541..1613 
 
 Bauhin, John Caspar. Physician and Botanist 1606?. 1685 
 
 Bauldri, Paul. Fr. Chron. and Hist. Writer at Utrecht 1639. .1706 
 Bavilot, or Beaulieu, Jas. Friar James. Fr. Surg. Operator 1 651 . .1720 
 
 Baum6, Anthony. French Chemist 1728. . 1804 
 
 Baume des Dossat, Jas. Francis de la. Poet. ( Christiade) 1705 . . 1756 
 Baume, Nicholas Augustus de la. Marshal of France. , . 1636. .1716 
 Baumer, John Wm. {Nat. Hist, of Mineral Kingdom).. 1719. .1788 
 Baumgarten, Alex. Theophilus. German Philosopher . .1714. .1762 
 
 Baumgarten, Sigismund Jacob. Theologian 1706. .1775 
 
 Baune, Jas. de la. Jesuit of Paris. Latin Poet and Writer 1649'. 1725 
 
 Batu", Ferdinand Christian. German Theologian 1792. .1861 
 
 Baur, Frederick William von. Russian Military Engineer 1 731 . . 1 783 
 Baur, John William, of Strasburg. Wirlembaur. Archi- 
 tect, Painter, and Engraver 1600. . 1640 
 
 Bausch, John Lawrence. Medical Writer 1605 . . 1665 
 
 Bautru, William. French Wit 1588. . 1665 
 
 Bavay, Paul Ignatius de, of Brussels. Medical Writer . . 1704. .1768 
 
 Bawdween, William. Divine and Antiquary 1762?. 1816 
 
 Baxter, Andrew. Metaphysician and Natural Philosopher 1686?. 1750 
 Baxter, Richard. Nonconformist Divine. Life by himself 
 
 and Sylvester, 1696; Dr. E. Calanw, 1713; Orme 1615. .1691 
 
 Baxter, William. Grammarian and Critic 1650. .1723 
 
 Bayard, James A. American Statesman 1767. . 1815 
 
 Bayard, Peter du Terrail, Chevalier de. Le Chevalier sans 
 Peur et sans Reproche., &c. Life by Champier, 4to, 
 1625 ; Le Loyal Serviteur, 1619 ; Lazare Bocquillot, 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 43 
 
 BORN- DIED. 
 
 Prior of Louval, 12mo, 1702 ; Guvard de Berville, 12nio, 
 
 1760; Dutems, 1770; Rev. Joseph Sterling, 1781; 
 
 Dochier, 1789 ; Bucholz, 1801 ; Pillot, 1816 ; Cohen, 1821 ; 
 
 The Loyal Servant, tr. by Croker, 1825; Lotz, 1826; 
 
 Terrebasse, 1828; Delandine de St. Esprit, 1842 1476. .1524 
 
 Bayen, Peter. French Chemist 1725 . .1798 
 
 Bayer, John. German Astronomer. (Ccelum Stellatum) — ..1660 
 Bayer, Theoph. Siegfried, grandson. {Museum Sinicum). 1694. .1738 
 
 Bayf, or Bait", Lazarus de. French Poet and Scholar — . .1547 
 
 Bayle, Francis. Medical Writer 1622. .1709 
 
 Bayle, Moses. French Revolutionist 1760?. 1815? 
 
 Bayle, Peter. {Biographical and Historical Dictionary.) 
 
 Life by Des Maizeaux, 1712; Durevest, 1716 1647. .1706 
 
 Bayley, Anselm, of London. Divine — . . 1794 
 
 Bayley, Sir John. Judge. {Bills of Exchange) 1763. .1841 
 
 Bayley, Richard. American Medical Writer i745- -iSoi 
 
 Bayly, Lewis. Bishop of Bangor. {Practice of Piety) .. 1565?. 1631 
 
 Bayly, Dr. Thomas. English Publicist — ..1659? 
 
 Bayly, Thomas Haynes. Lyric Poet 1797 . . 1839 
 
 Bayly, William. Astronomer; companion of Capt. Cook — ..1810 
 
 Bayne, Alexander. Scottish Jurist — . . 1 7^7 
 
 Baynes, John, Political Writer 1758. . 1787 
 
 Bayntun, Sir William Henry. Admiral 1765?. 1840 
 
 Bazard, Amand. Founder of Fr. Carbonarism; Socialist 1791 . . 1832 
 
 Bazhenov, Basil Ivanovitch. Russian Architect I737- -1799 
 
 Bazin, Giles Augustine. French Physician and Naturalist — ..i754 
 
 Bazin, or Basin, Thomas. Bishop. Historian 1402. . 1491 
 
 Bazire, or Basire, Claude. French Revolutionist 1764. .1794 
 
 B6, William le. Printer and Type Founder at Troj-^es. . . 1525 . . 1598 
 
 Beale, Mary. Portrait Painter 1632. . 1697 
 
 Beard, John. Actor 1716?. 1791 
 
 Beaton, or Bethime, David. Card. ; Abp. of St. Andrew's 1494. . 1546 
 
 Beaton, James. Scottish Divine and Statesman — . .1539 
 
 Beaton, James. Bp. of Glasgow. {History of Scotland) 1530. .1603 
 
 Beatson, Robert, l.l. d. {Political Index, &c.) 1742. .1818 
 
 Beattie, James, l.l. d. Poet. Life by A. Bower, 1804; 
 
 Sir Wm. Forbes, 1806; Mudford, 1809; Dyce, 1831. . . 1735. .1803 
 Beattie, James Hay. {Essays and Fragments.) Life by 
 
 his father, .James Beattie,'foregoing 1768. .1790 
 
 Beattie, Sir William, M. d. Physician to the Fleet 1770. .1842 
 
 Beatus Bhenanus. German Scholar and Historian 1485 . .1547 
 
 Beau, Charles le. {Histoire du Bas Empire) 1701 . .1778 
 
 Beau, John Louis le, brother, of Paris. Classical Editor. 1721. .1766 
 Beaucaire de Beguillon, Francis. Archbishop of Mentz. 
 
 {Rerum Gallicarum Commentaria) 1514. . i s9i 
 
 Beauchamp, Alphonse de. French Hist, and Publicist. 1767.. 1S32 
 Beauchamp, Richard, Earl of Warwick. General in 
 
 France ; died at Rouen — . . 1439 
 
 Beauchamp, Richard. Bishop. Architect — . . 1481 
 
 Beauehamps, Peter Francis Godard de. ( Theatres de 
 
 France) 1689. .1761 
 
 Beauchateau, Francis Matthew Chatelet de. Fr. Poet . 1645. . — 
 Beauclerk, Topham. Scholar. Friend of Dr. Johnson. 1739.. 1780 
 Beaufils, Wm. Jesuit of Auvergue. Preacher and Writer 1674. .1757 
 
44 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Beaufort, Henry. Cardinal. Bishop of Winchester, 
 
 1405-47. Life by Gough in Vetust. Monumenta 1370?. 1447 
 
 Beaufort, Louis de. Historical Writer — • • i795 
 
 Beaufort, Margaret, mother of Henry VII. Life by 
 
 Halsted, 1839 ', 1441 . .1509 
 
 Beauharnais, Alexander, Viscount de. Fr. Revolutionar}' 
 
 Statesman; First Husband of the Empress Josephine 1760. .1794 
 Beattharnais, Eugene de. Viceroy of Italy, Life by 
 
 Gallois, 1821 ; Aubriet, 1824; Schoenberg, 1825; Vau- 
 
 doncourt, 1825 ; Seel, 1827; D' Amay, 1830 ; Armandi, 
 
 1838; Saint- You, 1838 1781..1824 
 
 Beauharnais, Hortense Eugenie. Queen of Holland 1783. . 1837 
 
 Beaulieu, James. French Surgical Operator. See Baulot 165 1. .1720 
 Beaulieu, Sebastian de Pontault, Sieur de. {Battles of 
 
 Louis XIV.) — . . 1674 
 
 Beaumanoir, Philip de. ( Coutumes de Beauvoisis) — . . 1296 
 
 Beaumarchais, Peter Augustin Caron de. Dramatic 
 
 Writer, &c. Life by Cousin dWvallon, 1802 1732. .1799 
 
 Beaumelle, Laurence. French Wr. {Letters to Voltaire) 1727. .1773 
 
 Beaumont, Elias de. See Elie de Beaumont 1732. .1786 
 
 Beaumont, Frs. Poet; colleague of Fletcher. L. by Dyce 1586. .1616 
 
 Beaumont, Sir George Rowland. Artist i753- • 1827 
 
 Beaumont de PerefLxe, Hardouin. Archbishop of Paris. 
 
 See Peretixe 1605 . . 1670 
 
 Beaumont, Jane le Prince de. Writer for the Young. . . 171 1 . .1780 
 
 Beaumont, Sir John. Poet. {Bosworth Field) 1582. . 1628 
 
 Beaumont, John Louis Moreau de. French Polit. Writer. 171 5. .1785 
 Beaumont, Joseph, d. d. Master of Peterhouse. Poet. 
 
 {Psyche) Life by son, Charles Beaumont, 1749 1615 . . 1699 
 
 Beaumont, Wm. American Surgeon 1796. .1853 
 
 Beaune, Florimond de. French Mathematician 1601 . . 1652 
 
 Beaurain, John de. Geogr. {Campaigns of Lnxemburg) i6gG. .lyyi 
 Beaurieu, Gaspard Guillard de. {VJ^levede la Nature). 1728. .1795 
 
 Beausobre, Isaac de. {History of Refoi-mation) 1659. .1738 
 
 Beausobre, Louis de, son. Writer at Berlin 1730- -^7^3 
 
 Beauvais, Charles Nicholas. Fr. Phys., Polit., & Writer. — ..1704 
 Beauvais, John Bapt. Charles Mary de. Fr. Preacher. .. 1731 . .1790 
 Beauvais, Wm. Medalist. {MedaUic Hist, of Rom. Emp.) 1698.. 1773 
 Beauvilliers, Frs. Honorat de. Soldier; Courtier; Poet. 1607. .1687 
 Beauvilliers, Paul Hippolytus. Fr. Soldier and Negotiat. 1684,. 1776 
 Beauvois, Ambrose M. F. J. P. de. Fr. Nat. and Trav. 1752. .1820 
 
 Beauz6e, Nicholas. French Critic and Grammarian 1717- -1789 
 
 Beaver, Capt. Phil., R. N. L. by Capt. W. H. Smyth, 1829 1766. . 1813 
 
 Beazley, Samuel. Architect and Play Writer 1786. . 1851 
 
 Bebele, Henry. Lat. Schol. & Poet Laureate atTiibingen fl. 1501 
 Beccadelli, Anthony. Panwmita. {Alpkonso of Aragon) i^g^. .i^yi 
 
 BeccadeUi, Louis. {Lives of Pole and Bembo) 1502 . . 1572 
 
 Beccafiimi, Dominic. Mecherino. Italian Painter 1484. . 1549 
 
 Beccari, Augustine, of Ferrara. Pastoral Poet 15 10?. 1590 
 
 Beccari, James Bartholomew. {Motion of Fluids). . 1682. .1766 
 
 Beccaria, Gsus. Bonesana, Mqs. di. ( Crimes cf Punishm.) 1738. .1794 
 
 Beccaria, John Baptist. Natural Philosopher 1716. . 1781 
 
 Beccuti, Francis. Jl Copetta. Italian Poet 1509- -1553 
 
 Becerra, Gaspard. Spanish Painter and Sculptor 1520?. 1570 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 45 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Beclier, John Joachim. German Chemist 1625 . , 1685 
 
 Bechstein, John Matthias. German Ornithologist i757- .1822 
 
 Beck, Bek, or Beek, David. Dutch Portrait Painter. . . . 1621 . . 1656 
 
 Becker, or Bekker, Balthasar. Dutch Divine 1634. . 1698 
 
 Becker, Chas. Ferd. Ger. Philol. {Deutsche Grammatlk) 1775. .1849 
 Becker, Daniel. German Phys. {DeCiiltivoro Prussiaco) 1594. .1655 
 Becker, Ferdinand Wm. German Natural Philosopher. 1805.. 1834 
 Becker, Gottfried Wm. Ger. Hist., Med., and Misc. Wr. 1778. .1801 
 Becker, Wm. Adol. Ger. Author. {Roman Antiquities). . 1796. .1846 
 
 Becket, Isaac. English Mezzotinto Engraver 1653 . . — 
 
 Becket, Thomas a. Edw. Grim; Roger de Pontigny; 
 Wm. Fitzstephen ; Johnof Salisburv, d. 1180; Barthol- 
 omew, Bishop of Exeter, d. 1186 ; Herbert of Bosham, 
 fl. 1188; Anon, of Lambeth; Robert of Gloucester; 
 Edward, a Monk of Canterbury ; E. a Monk of Eves- 
 ham; Benedict, Abbot of Peterborough, d. 1193; 
 Roger of Croyland, tem. John; Alan of Tewksbury, 
 d. 1202; Wm. of Canterbury; Stephen Langton, d. 
 1228 ; Alexander de Hales ; John Grandison or Graun- 
 son, d. 1369 ; Thos. Stapleton, 1588 ; Laurence Vade or 
 Wade; Quadrilogus or Quadripartita Historia, pub. 
 1495 ; C. du Cauda, 1615 ; Cambdoust de Pontchasteau, 
 1674; Richard James; Gamier of Port St. Maxence; 
 Christopher Wolf; Imman. Bekker, 1838; Charles 
 Bataille, 1843; Robert, 1844; J. A. Giles, 1846; Prof. 
 Stanley in Canterbury MemoiHals ; National Review^ 
 No. XX.; J. Morris, 1859; Hippeau, 1859; J. C. 
 
 Robertson, 1859 ; W. and M. Wilks, 1862 iii9?.ii7o 
 
 Becket, William. Medical Writer 1684. . 1738 
 
 Beckford, Wm. Poet. ( Vathek.) L. by Cyrus Redding 1760. .1844 
 Beckingham, Chas. Dram, and Poet. (Scipio Africanm) 1699.. 1730 
 Beckington, Thomas. Bp. of Bath and Wells. Privy 
 
 Seal. Life by Sir H. Nicholas ♦. 1385?. 1465 
 
 Beckmann, John Anthonv. {History of Inventions) i739- • 1811 
 
 Beckwith, Sir George. Governor of Bermuda i753- • 1823 
 
 Beckwith, Thomas. Artist and Antiquary — . .1786 
 
 B6clard, Peter Augustine. French Anatomist 1788. . 1825 
 
 Becman, John Christopher. Historian and Geographer. 1641..1717 
 
 Becon, Thomas. Reformer 1511?, 1570 
 
 Becquerel, Anthony Caesar. French Electrician 1788. . — 
 
 Becquet, Anthony. Celestine Monk; Hist, of his Order. 1654. . 1730 
 Bectoz, Claudine de. French Abbess and Letter Writer. 1480'. 1547 
 
 Beda, Noel. Doctor of the Sorbonne; Persecutor — . . 1537 
 
 Beddoes, Lovell Thos. English Poet. {Bride's Tragedy) 1803. .1849 
 Beddoes, Thomas, M. D. Writer. Life by Stock, i8li. 1760. .1808 
 
 Bede. The Venerable. Ecclesiastical Historian 672 or 3 . 735 
 
 Bedell, Gregoiy T., d. d. American Divine i793- -1834 
 
 BedeU, William. Bp. of Kilmore. Life by Bp. Burnet, 
 
 1685; J. Monck Mason, 1840; Rev. Alex. Clogy, 1863 1570. .1642 
 
 Bederic, Henry. English Monk and Theologian fl. 1380-'' 
 
 Bedford, Arthur. Divine. Writer against the Stage. . . 1668. .1745 
 
 Bedford, Hilkiah. {Hereditary Right of Crown) 1663. .1724 
 
 Bedford, John, Duke of. Regent of France 1389. . 1435 
 
 Bedford, John Russell, Fourth Duke of, k. q — . • 1771 
 
46 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bedford, John Russell, Sixth Duke of, K. G 1766. . 1839 
 
 Bedloe, Capt. Wm. Informer. Life, 8vo, London, 1861 — ..1680 
 Bedmar, Alphonso de Cueva, Mqs. of. Sp. Ambassador. . 1572. . 1655 
 Bedos de CeUes, Frs. Bened. of St.Maur. ( On Dialing) 1706. .1779 
 
 Bedwell, William. Divine and Topographer 1562?. 1623 
 
 Beecher, Lyman. American Theologian. Life by self 
 
 and Charles Beecher, his son, 1863 1813. . 1863 
 
 Beechey, Fred. William. Admiral. Arctic Navigator. . 1796. .1856 
 
 Beechey, Sir William, k. a. Painter i753- • 1839 
 
 Beak, or Beck, David. Dutch Portrait Painter 1621 . . 1656 
 
 Beer, J. Meyer. See Meyerbeer 1791 . . 1864 
 
 Beer, Michael. German Musical Composer. 1800. . 1833 
 
 Beering, Behring, or Bhering, Vitus. Danish Navigator 1680?. 1741 
 Beethoven, Louis van. Musical Composer. Life by 
 
 Schlosser, 1828; Wegeler and Ries, 1838; A. Schindler 
 
 and J. Moscheles, 1840 1770. . 1827 
 
 Bega, Cornelius. Dutch Painter 1600. . 1664 
 
 Begarelli, Anthony. Modeler in Clay 1498. . 1565 
 
 Begas, Charles. German Painter , i794- • 1854 
 
 Beger, Laurence. German Antiquary 1653. . 1705 
 
 Begeyn, Abraham. Dutch Painter..' 1650. . 1710' 
 
 B6goli, Michael. Fr. Collector of Books and Antiquities. 1638. .1710 
 Beguillet, Edm. Writ, on Agricult. and Domestic Econ. — . .1786 
 
 Beham, Bartholomew. Painter ! , 1496?. 1540? 
 
 Beham, John Sebald. Painter and Engraver at Rome. . 1500. . 1650? 
 
 Behem, or Behaim, Martin. Geogr. and Navigator 1430?. 1506 
 
 Behmen, or Boehm, Jacob. German Theosophist 1575 . . 1624 
 
 Behn, Mrs. Aphra. Dramatist; Poet; Novelist 1642, . 1689 
 
 Behnes, William. Sculptor 1801 ? . 1864 
 
 Behrens, Conrad Berthold 1660. .1738 
 
 .Behring, Beering, or Bhering, Vitus. Danish Navigator 1680?. 1 741 
 Beich, or Beisch, Joachim Francis. Ger. Pa. & Engrav. . 1665 . .1748 
 Beinaschi, or Benaschi, J. Bapt. Itahan Hist. Painter.. 1634. .1688 
 
 Beithar. African Botanist and Phvsician — . . 1248 
 
 Bek, or Beke, Anthony. Bishop of Durham (1283-1311) — . .1311 
 
 Bek, Beck, or Beek, David. Dutch Painter 1621 . . 1656 
 
 Bekker, Balthasar, of Amsterdam. ( World Bewitched) . . 1634. .1698 
 
 Bekker, Elizabeth. Dutch Writer of Fiction i733- • 1804 
 
 Bel, Chas. Andrew, of Leipsic. Philosopher and Poet. . . 1717. .1782 
 Bel, John James, of Bourdeaux. {Dictionnaire Neohgique) 1693.. -1738 
 
 Bel, Matthias. Hungarian Divine and Historian 1684. . 1749 
 
 Belcamp, John van. Dutch Painter — . . 1653 
 
 Belcher, Jonathan. Colonial Governor of Massachusetts, 
 
 New Hampshire, and New Jersey 1681 . .1757 
 
 Belchier, John. Surgeon to Guy's 'Hospital 1706. .1785 
 
 Belgrade, James. Italian Jesuit; Math.; Antiq.; Poet. 1704.. 1789 
 
 Belidor, Bernard Forest de. Fr. Engineer and Math 1693. .1761 
 
 Beling, Rd. Irish Rebel. ( Vindidarum Catholic. Hibernice) 1613. .1677 
 Belisarius. Roman General. L. by Lord Mahon, 1829 . 505?. 565 
 Belknap, Jeremy. American Historian and Biographer. 1744. .1798 
 
 Bell, Andrew, d. d. Educationist i753- -1832 
 
 Bell, Beaupr^. Antiquary — . . 1 745 
 
 Bell, Benjamin. Surgeon. ( Treatise on Ulcers) i749- • 1806 
 
 Bell, Sir Chas. Anatomist. {Hand.) L. by Pichot, 1860 1774. .1842 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 47 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bell, George Joseph. Scottish Jurist t-77'=''- 1843 
 
 Bell, Henry. Originator of Steam Navigation in England 1 767 • • 1830 
 
 Bell, James. Geographical Writer 1769. . 1833 
 
 Bell, John, of Antermony. Traveler 1691 . .1780 
 
 Bell, John, of Edinburgh. Surgical Writer 1762, . 1820 
 
 Bell, John. Publisher. ( WeeTcly Messenger ; Poets) 1746.. 1831 
 
 Bell, Luther V. American Physician 1806. . — 
 
 Bell, Dr. William. Divine. Founder of Scholarship. ... 1731 . . 1816 
 
 Bella, Stephen della. Italian Etcher in Copper 1610. . 1664 
 
 Bellamy, Mrs. George Ann. Actress. Life by self 1733. .1786 
 
 Bellamy, Jacob. Dutch Poet 1757.. 1786 
 
 Bellam.y, Joseph, d^. American Divine and Writer. . . I7^9- -1790 
 
 Bellamy, Samuel. Pirate — . . 1717 
 
 Bellarmin, Robert. Cardinal. Life by James Fuligati, 
 
 1624; Bartoli, 1678; Marazza, 1682; Frizon, 1708 1542. .1621 
 
 BeUay, Joachim du. The French Ovid 1524?. 1560 
 
 Bellay, John du. Cardinal; Statesman; Scholar; Poet. 1492.. 1560 
 BeUay, Martin du. Negotiator. {Historical Memoirs). .. — .-1559 
 BeUay, Wm. du. French General. {Hist, of Oion Times) 1491. .1543 
 
 Belle, AIes:is Simon. French Portrait Painter 1674. -1734 
 
 BeUe, Stephen de la. See Bella. Engraver 1610. . 1664 
 
 Belleau, Remy. French Pastoral Poet 1528. .1577 
 
 BeUecour, Colson de. French Comic Actor 1725 .. 1778 
 
 Belleforest, Francis de. French Historical Writer 1530.. 1583 
 
 BeUegarde, Gabriel du Pac. French Critic and Historian 1 717. . 1789 
 Bellegarde, J. Baptist Morvan de. Ex-Jesuit. Cartesian 1648. .1734 
 Belleisle, Chas. Lou. Aug. Fouquet, Duke de. Fr. Marshal 1684, .1761 
 Bellenden, or Ballenden, Sir or Dr. John. {Hist, of Scot.) — • • 1550 
 BeUenden, Wm. Scottish Ciceronian Schol. (De Statu) fl. 1616 
 Bellenger, Francis. Dr. of Sorbonne; Classical Translator 1688. .1749 
 
 Bellet, Charles. French Religious Writer 1702. . 1 771 
 
 Bellevois. Marine Painter — . . 1684 
 
 BeUiard, Augustine Dan., Count de. Fr. Gen. andDiplom. 1769.. 1832 
 
 Bellievre, Pomponius. French Statesman 1529 .. 1607 
 
 Bellingham, Richard. Colonial Gov. of Massachusetts . — ..1672 
 Bellini, Gentine. Venetian Historian and Portrait Painter 1421 . .1501 
 
 Bellini, James, of Venice. Painter — . . 1470 
 
 Bellini, James Nicholas. French Marine Geographer . . . 1703. .1772 
 
 Bellini, John. Venetian Painter 1426. . 1516 
 
 Bellini, Laurence. Italian Medical Writer .' 1643 • -1704 
 
 Bellini, Vincent. Musical Composer. Life by Gerardi, 
 
 1835; Ventimiglia, 1835 1802. .1835 
 
 Bellius, Martin. {De Heretids.) See Castalio i5i5-- 1563 
 
 BeUmann, Charles Michael. Swedish Poet 1741 . . 1796 
 
 Bello, Francis. II Cieco 
 
 BeUocq, Peter. French Satirist 1645 . .1704 
 
 Belloni, Jerome. Roman Banker. {Essay on Commerce) — ..1761 
 
 Bellori, John Peter. Antiquary and Biographer 1616?. 1696 
 
 Belloste, Augustin. Fr. Surg. ( Chirurgeon de V Hospital) 1654 . . 1 730 
 
 Bellot, Joseph Ren^. Lieutenant. Life by Lemer 1826. . 1853 
 
 Bellotti, Peter. Italian Portrait Painter and Caricaturist . 1625 . . 1 700 
 Belloy, Peter Laurence Buyrette du. French Dramatist. 1727. .i775 
 
 BeUucci, Anthony. Historical and Portrait Painter 1654. .1726 
 
 Beloe, William. Scholar and Critic 1756- • 1817 
 
48 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Belon, Peter. French Naturalist and Traveler 1517- -1564 
 
 Belsham, Thos. Unitarian. Life by Rev. J. Williams, 1836 1 750 . . 1829 
 
 Belsham, William. Essayist and Historian i753- • 1827 
 
 Belsunce, Hen. Francis Xavier de. Bishop of Marseilles 1671 . .1755 
 
 Beltraffio, John Anthony. Italian Painter 1467 • • 1516 
 
 Belzoni, John Baptist. Traveler 1778?. 1823 
 
 Bern, Joseph. Polish General and Turkish Pasha i795' -1850 
 
 Bembo, Peter. Cardinal. Historian and Poet. Life by 
 
 Beccadelli; La Casas 1470. .1547 
 
 Bemmel, William van. Dutch Landscape Painter 1630. .1708 
 
 BenascM, or Beinaschi, J. Bapt. Ital. Painter and Engrav. 1634. . 1688 
 Benavidio, Mark. Marco Mantuano, Italian ^^ivilian . 1489. .1582 
 
 Benbow, John. Admiral 1650?. 1702 
 
 Benci, or Bencio, Francis. Italian Jesuit and Poet 1542. -1594 
 
 Bendish, Bridget, grand-daughter of Cromwell — . .1727 
 
 Bendlowes, Edward. Patron of Learning 1613 . . 1686 
 
 Benedetti, or Benedict, Alexander. Italian Anatomist. . — ..1511? 
 Benedetto da Majano. Flor. Sculptor and Architect . . 1444. .1498 
 
 Benedetto, Le. See Castiglione. Italian Painter 1616. .1670 
 
 Benedict, St., of Nursia. Founder of Benedictine Order. 
 
 Life by (3regorv the Great ; Castaiiiza, 1583 ; Butteau, 
 
 1684 ; M(^ge, 1690 ; Chladenius, 1707 ; Waitzraann, 1825 ; 
 
 Maetzler, 1831; Zoncada, 1843 ; Formby, 1858 480?. 542? 
 
 Benedict Biscop. Abbot of Wearmouth 629?. 690 
 
 Benedict of Aiane 75 1 • • 821 
 
 Benedict I. Pope (574-^78). Bonosus — ..578 
 
 Benedict II. (684-85) — . . 685 
 
 Benedict III. (855-58) — . . 858 
 
 Benedict IV. (900-3) — • . 903 
 
 BenedictV. (964-65) —..965 
 
 Benedict VI. (972-74) — . . 974 
 
 Benedict VII. (975-84) —..984 
 
 Benedict VIII. (1012-24.) John of Tvsculum — . . 1024 
 
 Benedict IX. (1033-54.) Theophylact of Tusculum. ... — . . 1054 
 
 Benedict X. (1058-59.) Antipope — ..1059 
 
 Benedict XI. (1303-4.) Nick. Boccasini. L. by Cam- 
 
 pana, 1736 1240. . 1304 
 
 Benedict XII. (1334-42.) James de Nouvellis — . . 1342 
 
 Benedict XIII. (1724-30.) Peter Francis Orsini. Life 
 
 by Borgfia, 1741 ; Ranft, 1743 1649. .1730 
 
 Benedict XIV. (1740-58.) Prosper Lambertini 1675 . .1758 
 
 Benedict, Abbot of Peterborough. Historian — . . 1 193 
 
 Benedict, Alexander. Italian Anatomist — ..1511 
 
 Benefleld, Sebastian. Calvinist Theologian at Oxford . 1559. .1630 
 
 Beneke, Frederick Edward. German Philosopher 1798 . . 1854 
 
 Benevoli, Horace. Composer of Church Music 1602. . 1672 
 
 Benezet, Anthony. American Philanthropist 1713- -1784 
 
 Benezra, or Abenezra, Abraham. Rabbi 1119''. 1174? 
 
 Bengel, John Albert. {Gnomon.) Life by N"ast, 1753; 
 
 Fresenius, 1756; Burk, 1831, tr. by R. F. Walker, 1837 1687. .1752 
 
 Benger, Miss Elizabeth Ogilvy. Biographer 1778. . 1827 
 
 Beni, Paid. Italian Philologist 1552'. 1625 
 
 Benini, Vincent. Italian Physician. (iVbies cwi CeZsws). 1 713. .1764 
 Beniowsky, Moritz August von. Adventurous Hungarian 1741 . .1786 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 49 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Benivieni, Jerome. Florentine Poet 1453?. 1542 
 
 Benizzi, Philip, Saint. Life by Francis Malaval, 1672. . 1233.. — 
 Benjamin of Tudel a. Jewish Rabbi & Trav. (Itinerary) — ..ii73 
 Bennet, Benjamin. Dissent. Divine. (Christian Oratory) x6-j^. .1726 
 Bennet, Christopher. Physician. (Tabidorum Theatrum) 1617 . .16$^ 
 
 Bennet, Henry, First Earl Arhngton. Statesman 1618. . 1685 
 
 Bennet, Robert. Ejected Nonconformist. ( Concordance 
 
 of Scripture Synonyms) — . . 1687 
 
 Bennet, Thomas,"D. d. Divine and Hebraist 1673. .1728 
 
 Bennett, James, d. d. Dissent. Div. (Hist, of Dissenters) 1774. . 1862 
 Bennigsen, Levin Aug. Theoph., Count. Russian General 1745 • -1826 
 
 Benoit, Fathe?. Marpnite Jesuit Scholar 1663. .1742 
 
 Benott, Elias. (Histoire de V ^dit de Nantes) 1640. .1728 
 
 Benoit, Ren^. French Theologian 1521 . . 1608 
 
 Benserade, Isaac de. French Court Poet 1612. . 1691 
 
 Benson, Edward. Artist 1808?. 1863 
 
 Benson, Dr. George. Dissenting Divine 1699. .1762 
 
 Bent, John van der. Dutch Landscape Painter 1650. . 1690 
 
 Bentham, Edward, D. d. Divinity ProTessor 1707. .1776 
 
 Bentham, James'. Prebendary of Ely. ( History of Ely) .1 708 . . 1 794 
 Bentham, Jeremy. Polit. Writer. Life by Bowring, 1838 1748. .1832 
 Bentham, Sir Samuel. Brig.-Gen. L. by S.M. Bentham 1757. .1831 
 Bentham, Thomas. Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. , 1513?. 1579 
 Bentinck, Lord George. Statesman. Life bv Disraeli. 1802.. 1848 
 Bentinck, W. H. Cavendish, 3d Dk. Portland. "Prem. 1807 1738. .1809 
 
 Bentinck, William. First Earl of Portland 1649. .1709 
 
 Bentinck, Lord William. Governor-General of India. . . 1774. . 1839 
 Bentivoglio, Cornelius. Cardinal. Poet and Art-Patron 1668. .1732 
 Bentivoglio, Guy. Cardinal. (Civil Wars of Flanders) i^yg. .1644. 
 
 Bentivoglio, Hercules. Poet and Satirist 1506. .1573 
 
 Bentivoglio, John II., Lord of, and adorner of, Bologna 1439?. 1508 
 
 Bentley, Sir John. Admiral — . .1772? 
 
 Bentley, Richard, d. d. Critic. Life by Bishop Monk, 1823 1662 . . 1742 
 
 Bentley, Thomas. Partner of Wedgwood. Writer 1730. . 1780 
 
 Benvenuti, Charles. Italian Jesuit; Math, and Philos. 17 16.. 1789 
 
 Benvenuto Cellini. Florentine Artist. See Cellini 1500. .1570 
 
 Benwell, William, of Caversham. Divine and Scholar. , 1765. .1796 
 Benyowsky, Maurice Augustus, Count de. Hungarian 
 
 Adventurer. Life by self, 2 vols. 4to, 1790 1741 . .1786 
 
 Benzelius, Eric. Swedish Divine 1642. . 1709 
 
 Benzelius, Eric, son. (Acta Literaria Suecice) 1675 . . 1743 
 
 Benzio, Trifone. Itahan Poet — . . 1570? 
 
 Benzoni, Jerome. Italian Voyager 1519'. — 
 
 Beoer, or Beyer, Augustus. German Historian and Critic 1707. .1741 
 
 Beolco, Angelo. Ruzzante. Italian Poet 1502. . 1542 
 
 Beranger, John Peter de. Lyric Poet. Life by himself 1780. .1857 
 Beraxilt, Nicholas. Beraldus Aurelius. French Scholar 1473. .1550 
 
 Berchem, or Berghem, Nicholas. Dutch Painter 1624. . 1683 
 
 Berchett, Peter. French Historian, Painter, and Engraver 1659'. .1720 
 Bercheur, P. Berchorius. Fr. Div. (Reductonum Morale) — .-1362 
 
 Berchtold, Leopold, Count. Philanthropist 1758. . 1809 
 
 Berengaria, of Navarre. Queen of Richard I — . . 1230 
 
 Berengarius, of Tours. Theologian. Life by Roye, 1656 1000?. 1088 
 
 Berenger I. King of Italy (888-922) — . . 924 
 
 4 
 
50 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Berenger U. King of Italy (950-961) _ . . 966 
 
 Berenger, James, of Carpi. Anatomist and Physician . . — • -1550 
 Berenger, Laurence Peter. (Les Soirees Provengales) . . . 1749. . 1822 
 Berenice, or Bernice. Jewish Queen ; Favorite of Titus . 28?aft.7o 
 
 Beresford, Rev. James. (Miseries of Human Life) 1764. . 1840 
 
 Beresford, William Carr, Viscount. General 1768; . 1854 
 
 Beretini, or Berretini, Peter, of Cortona. Painter 1596. . 1669 
 
 Berettini, Nicholas. Historical Painter 1617.. 1682 
 
 Berettini, Peter. Pietro da Cortona. Painter 1596. . 1669 
 
 Berg, Matthias van den. Flemish Painter 1615 . . 1647 
 
 Bergamo, James Philip de. Foresti. Italian Chronicler 1434. .1520 
 Bergen, Charles Augustus de. Anatomist and Botanist. 1704. .1760 
 
 Bergen, Dirk van den. Painter 1640?. 1689 
 
 Bergerac, Cyrano de. French Dramatist and Romancist 1620?. 1655 
 
 Berghem, Nicholas. Dutch Painter 1624. . 1683 
 
 Bergier, Nich. Fr. Historian. {Eoads of Roman Empire) 1567. .1623 
 Bergier, Nicholas Sylvester. French Divine at Besan^on 1 718 . . 1 790 
 
 Bergier, Joseph. German Historical Painter i753- • 1829 
 
 Bergman, Torbern Olof. Swedish Chemist 1735 .. 1784 
 
 Berhtwald. Archbishopof Canterbury (692-731) — . . 731 
 
 Berigard, Claude. Fr. Philos. in Italy. ( Circuli Pisani) 1578. .1663 
 
 Bering, Vitus. Latin Poet at Copenhagen 161 7. .1675 
 
 Bering, or Behring, Vitus. Danish Navigator 1680?. 1741 
 
 Berington, Joseph. Roman Catholic Historical Writer. 1744. -1827 
 Berkeley, George, First Earl of. {Historical Applications) 1627?. 1698 
 Berkeley, George. Bishop of Cloyne. Metaphysician. 
 
 Life, 8vo, 1784; Wright, 1843 1684. .1753 
 
 Berkeley, Sir William. Governor of Virginia. Writer.. — ..1677 
 
 Berkenlaout, Dr. John. Biographer 1730?. 1 791 
 
 Berkheyden, or Breckberg, Gerard. Architectural Pa. . . 1645 • • 1693 
 Berkheyden, or Breckberg, Job, brother. Dutch Painter 1628. .1698 
 Berkley, John le Francq van. Dutch Phys., Nat., Poet. . . 1729.. 1812 
 Berlichingen, Goetz von. Iron-handed. German Knight fl. 15 13 
 Bernabei, Jos. Anth. Comp. of Church Music at Munich 1659. . 1732 
 Bernabei, Jos. Here. Comp. of Church Music at Mvmich 1620?. 1690 
 Bernadotte. French General and King of Sweden. Life 
 by Nicolai, 1821 ; Meredith, 1829 ; Touchard-Lafosse, 
 1838; Strombeck, 1841; Runkel, 1841; Grosse, 1844; 
 
 Geijer, 1844; Hericourt, 1844; Sarrans, 1845 •. 1764. .1844 
 
 Bernaert, Nicasius. Dutch Painter 1593?, 1663 
 
 Bernard, St., of Clairvaux. Life by Alain de Lisle; A. 
 Neander, tr. by Wrench, 1843 ; Antoine le Maistre ; 
 Villefore; Abb^ Ratisbonne, tr. by Manning; J. Cot- 
 ter Morison, 1863 '. 1091 . .1153 
 
 Bernard, St., of Menthon. Founder of Hospice 923 . . 1008 
 
 Bernard, of Brussels. Pa. of Animals and Himting-pieces — ..1540 
 
 Bernard, Duke of Weimar. Protestant General 1604. . 1639 
 
 Bernard, Andrew. Poet Laureate to Hen. VII. and VIII. — aft. 1522 
 
 Bernard, Catherine. French Poetess 1662. .1712 
 
 Bernard, Chas. French Hist. ( Wars of Louis XIII.) . . 1571. .1640 
 Bernard, Claude, of Dijon. Poor Bernard. Philanthr. 1588. .1641 
 Bernard, Edw. Crit. & Astron. L. by Dr. T. Smith, 1704 1638. . 1697 
 Bernard, Sir Francis. Governor. 'E.ASior oi Alsop' s Odes — • •t-779 
 Bernard, Dr. Hermann Hedwig, of Cambridge. Hebraist 1785. .1857 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 51 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bernard, James. Fr. Prot. Div. {Account of Europe). . . 1658. .1718 
 Bernard, John, D. d. Divine. ( Theologo-Historicm) ... — . . 1683 
 Bernard, John. Actor. {Reti^ospections of the Stage). . . 1756.. 1828 
 Bernard, John Fred., of Amsterdam. Bookseller & Writer — . .1752 
 
 Bernard, John Stephen. German Medical Writer 1718. .1793 
 
 Bernard, Nicholas, d. d. Friend & Biographer of Ussher — . . 1661 
 Bernard, Peter Joseph. Le Gentil Bernard. French Poet 1710. .1775 
 Bernard, Rd. Pm-itan Div. & Sch. ( Thesaurus Biblicus) 1566. .1641 
 
 Bernard, Samuel. French Painter and Engraver 161 5 . . 1687 
 
 Bernard, Samuel, son. LucuUus. Capitalist 165 1?. 1739 
 
 Bernard, Simon. French General. Engineer ^779- • 1839 
 
 Bernard, Solomon. Petit Bernard. Engi*aver at Lyons . fl. 1550-80 
 Bernard, Sir Thos. Philanthr. L. by Jas. Baker, 1819. 1750. . 1818 
 
 Bernardez, Diego. Portuguese Idyllic Poet 1540'. 1596 
 
 Bernard!, Augustus Frederick. German Philologist 1761 . . 1820 
 
 Bernard!, John. Italian Crystal Engraver I495''- 1555 
 
 Bernard!, Major John. Politician ; died in Newgate .. . — ••1736 
 
 Bernard!, Stephen. Ital. Musical Writer and Comp fl. 161 1-34? 
 
 Bernard!n de St. Pierre. See St. Piert-e i737- • 1814 
 
 Bernardine, St., of Sienna 1380. . 1444 
 
 Bernazzano. Italian Painter fl. 1536 
 
 Berners, John Bourchier, Lord. Translator of Froissart . 1474?. 1532 
 Berners, or Barnes, Juliana. Prioress of Sopewell. Writ. — aft. 1485 
 Bern!, or Bernia, Francis. Ital. Poet. {Rime Burlesche) 1490?. 1536 
 Bernice, or Berenice. Jewish Queen ; Favorite of Titus . 28? aft. 70 
 Bernler, Francis. Mogul. Philosopher and Traveler. . . 1630''. 1688 
 Bernier, John. Fr. Medical Writer. {Histoire de Blois) 1622. .1698 
 
 Bernier, Nicholas. French Musical Composer 1664. .1734 
 
 Bernini, John Lawrence. It^l. Pa., Sculp., Arch., Mech. . 1598. .1680 
 Bernis, Frs. Joach. de Pierre de. Cardinal. Fr. Poet. . 171 5. .1794 
 Berno. Abb/:)t of Richenau. Poet, Musician, Philosopher — . . 1045 
 
 BernouiUi, Daniel, m. d. Natural Philosopher 1700. .1782 
 
 Bernouilli, James. Mathematician at Petersburg i759- '1789 
 
 BernouiUi, James. Mathemat. L. by J. J. Battier, 1705 1654. .1705 
 
 Bernouilli, John, brother. Mathematician 1667. .1748 
 
 Bernstorf, Andrew Peter, Ct. von. Danish Statesman.. 1735. .1797 
 Bernstorf, John Hartwig Ern., Ct. von. Danish Statesm. 1712, .1772 
 
 Bercald, Matthew, of Paris. Chronologist — . .1576? 
 
 Beroald de Verville, Francis, son. ( Moyen de parvenir) 1558 . . 1612 
 
 Beroaldo, Philip, The Elder, of Bologna. Scholar 1453 . . 1505 
 
 Beroaldo, Philip, The Younger, nephew. Latin Poet... 1472.. 15 18 
 
 Berosus. Priest of Belus at Babylon. Historian fl. ab.25oB.c. 
 
 Berquin, Arnauld. (UAmi des Enfans) 1749 . .1791 
 
 Berquin, Louis de. French Protestant Martyr 1489?. 1529 
 
 Berr, Frederick. French Musical Composer i794- • 1838 
 
 Berretini, Nicholas. Italian Historical Painter 1627 . . 1682 
 
 Berretini, Peter. Pietro da Cortona. Painter 1596. . 1669 
 
 Berridge, Rev. John. Divine — . .1793 
 
 Berriman, William. Theologian 1683 . . 1750 
 
 Berruyer, Jos. Isaac. Fr. Jesuit. {Hist, of People of God) 1681..1758 
 
 Berry, Charles Ferdinand. Duke de. Assassinated 1778.. 1820 
 
 Berry, Sir Edward. Rear-Admiral 1768. . 1831 
 
 Berry, Hiram George. American General 1824 . . 1863 
 
 Berry, <fohn, Duke of, son of John II. of France 1340. . 1416 
 
52 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Berry, Sir John. Naval Commander 1635 . . 1691 
 
 Bersmann, George. German Scholar 1536- . 1611 
 
 Bertaut, John. Bishop of Seez. Poet 1552. . 1611 
 
 Bertheau, Charles. French Protestant Divine 1660. .1732 
 
 Berthet, John. Jesuit of Terascon. Poet and Writer. . 1622 . . 1692 
 
 Bertluer, Alexander. French Marshal 1753 . . 1815 
 
 Berthier, Wm. Frs. Fr. Critic; Trans, of the Psalms.. . 1704. .1782 
 BerthLOlet-Flemael, Bartholomew. Painter of Liege. . . 1614. . 1675 
 
 Bertholiet, Claude Louis, Count. Chemist 1748. . 1822 
 
 Bertholon, Nich. de St. Lazare. Fr. Chem. Philosopher — . .1799 
 
 Berthoud, Ferdinand. Swiss Chronometer-maker 1727. . 1807 
 
 Berti, Alexander Pompey. {La Caduta do' Decemviri). . 1686. .1752 
 Berti, John Lawrence. {De Disa'plinis Theologicis) ...... 1696. . 1766 
 
 Bertie, Willoughby, Earl of Abingdon. Polit. and Satirist 1740. .1799 
 Bertier, Joseph Stephen, of Aix. {Physique des Cometes) 1710. .1783 
 
 Bertier, Louis Alexander. Marshal of France 1753. . 1815 
 
 Bertin, Anth. Fr. Officer & Poet. { Collection of Elegiacs) 1752.. 1790 
 Bertin, Exup^re Jos. Fr. Phys. and Anat. ( Osteology).. 1712. .1781 
 
 Bertin, Louis Francis. French Journalist 1766. . 1841 
 
 Bertin, Louis Mary Armand, son. Journalist 1801 . . 1854 
 
 Bertin, Nicholas. French Historical Painter 1667. .1736 
 
 Bertinazzi, Charles Anthony. Carlin. Comedian 1713- • 1783 
 
 Bertius, Peter. Dutch Geographer 1565 • • 1629 
 
 Bertoli, John Dominic, of Aquileia. Antiquary 1676 aft. 1750 
 
 Bertram. {De Corp. et Sang. Domini.) /See Ratramnus. — aft.868 
 
 Bertram, Corilelius Bonaventure. Swiss Orientalist 1531 . . 1594 
 
 Bertrand, Henry Gratien, Ct. French General; Friend 
 
 of Napoleon 1773. . 1844 
 
 Bertrand, J. Bapt., of Marseilles. Medical Writer 1670. .1752 
 
 Bertrandi, John Ambrose Maria. Ital. Surgical Writer. 1723. .1765 
 Berulle, Peter de. Cardinal. Founder of the Oratory. 
 
 Life by G. Habert ; Doni d'Attichi 1575... 1629 
 
 Bervic, Charles Clement Balvay. French Engraver 1756. .1822 
 
 Berwick, Jas. Fitzjames, Duke of. Marshal of France. 
 
 Life by self; Margon 1670. . 1734 
 
 Beryllus. Bishop of Bozra; refuted by Origen.. . .- fl. 230'' 
 
 Berzelius, James, Baron. Swedish Chemist i779- • 1848 
 
 Besler, Basil. German Naturalist. {Hort. Eptettensis). 1561..1629 
 Besler, Michael Robert. Med. Writer. {Gazaphulacium) 1607. .1661 
 Besly, John, of Poictiers. '{Hist, of the Bps. of Poiciiers) 1572. .1644 
 Besoigne, Jerome. Dr. of the Sorbonne. {Port-Royal). i62>6. .i^St, 
 
 Besolde, Christopher, of Vienna. ( Ottoman Empire) 1572. . 1638 
 
 Besplas, Joseph Mary Anne Gros de. French Preacher. 1734. -1783 
 
 Bessarion, John, Cardinal. Life by Bandini, 1777 1395 . . 1472 
 
 Bess6, John de. French Medical Writer fl. 1702-23 
 
 Bessel, Dr. Frederick William. Prussian Astronomer. . . 1784. . 1846 
 
 Besset, or Bess6, Henry de. ( Campaigns of Rocroi) — . . 1693 
 
 Bessieres, John Baptist. Marshal of France 1768. . 1813 
 
 Bestuschew, Alexander. Russian Novelist i795^- 1837 
 
 Betanos, Dominic. Spanish Missionary to S. America. . — . .1549 
 
 Betham, Sir William. Antiquary and Genealogist 1779 • -1853 
 
 Bethencourt, James de. Physician at Rouen. {Nova 
 
 Penitentiolis QuadHgesima) fl. 1527 
 
 Bethencovirt, John de. Conqueror of Canary Islands. . -#-..1425 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 53 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bethlen, Gabriel. Prince of Transylvania (K. of Hung.) 1580. . 1629 
 Bethune, Alexander. {Tales of the Scottish Peasantry). 1804.. 1841 
 
 BettLune, George W. American Clergyman 1805 . . 1862 
 
 Bethune, John, brother and colleague of Alexander 1810. .1839 
 
 Bethune, John Elliot Drinkwater, aflerwd. {L. of Galileo) 1801. .1851 
 Bethune, John Drinkwater, afterward. Colonel. {Siege 
 
 of Gibraltar) 1 762? . 1844 
 
 Bethune, Philip de. French Ambassador 1561 ' . 1649 
 
 Betterton, Thomas. Shakespearian Actor 1635 . . 1710 
 
 Bettinelli, Xavier, of Mantua. Jesuit; Writer 1718. .1808 
 
 Bettini, Dominic. Italian Painter 1644. . 1705 
 
 Betuleius, Sixtus. Grammarian, Latin Poet, and Philos. 1500. .1554 
 
 Betussi, Joseph. Italian Poet of Bassano — aft. 1565 
 
 Beuf, John Le. French Antiquary. {History of Paris). . 1687. .1760 
 
 Bexirmann, Maurice von. African Explorer — . . 1863 
 
 Beurs, William. Dutch Painter 1656. . 1690' 
 
 Bever, Dr. Thos. Civilian. {Legal Polity of the Romans) 1725. .1791 
 Beveridge, William. Bishop of St. Asaph (1704-8). . 
 
 Life by Isaac Kimber 1638 . . 1 708 
 
 Beverland, Adrian. Dutch Philologist 1653''. 1 712 
 
 Beverley, John of. Archbishop of York (688-722) — . . 722 
 
 Beverly, Robert. American Author — . . 1716 
 
 Beverninck, Jerome van. Dutch Statesman 1614. .1690 
 
 Beverwick, John van. Beverovicius. Dutch Med. Writer 1594. . 1647 
 
 Bevin, El way. Musical Composer — aft. 1636 
 
 Bewick, John. Artist. {History of Quadrupeds) 1760. .1795 
 
 Bewick, Thos., brother. Naturalist. {Fishes) L. by self 1753. .1828 
 
 Bewly, William. Chemist and Natural Philosopher — . . 1783 
 
 Bexley, Nicholas Vansittart, Lord. Statesman 1766. .1851 
 
 Bexon, Gabr. Leop. Chas. Aira^. French Naturalist 1748. .1784 
 
 Bexon, Scipio Jerome. French Jurist i753- • 1825 
 
 Beyer, or Beoer, Augustus. German Historian and Critic 1 707.. 1 741 
 Beyle, Mary Henry. French Novelist, Poet, Politician. . 1783. .1842 
 
 Beys, Charles de. French Poet 1610. . 1659 
 
 Beysser, John Michael. French Gen. at the Revolution. 1734. .1794 
 Beza, Theodore. Reformer. L. by Noel Taillepied, 1577 ; 
 
 Bolsec, 1582; Laing^; La Faye, 1606; Solomeau, 
 
 1610 ; Vega, 1646 ; Ziegenbein, 1789 ; Schlosser, 1809 ; 
 
 Baum, 1843 I5i9- .1605 
 
 Beziers, Michael. Historical and Antiquarian Writer. . . 1719. .1782 
 
 Bezout, Stephen. French Mathematician 1730. .1783 
 
 Bhering, Vitus. Danish Navigator 1680?. 1 741 
 
 Biancani, Joseph. Jesuit and Mathemat. of Bologna 1566. . 1624 
 
 Bianchi, Francis. U Frari. Historical Painter 1447.. 1510 
 
 Bianchi, John. Janus Blancus. Phys., Anat., and Nat. 1693. .1775 
 Bianchi, J. Bapt. Ital. Med. Writer. {Hist. Hepatica).. 1681..1761 
 
 Bianchi, Peter. Painter 1694. . 1740? 
 
 Bianchini, Francis, of Verona. Philosoph. and Math.. . 1662. .1729 
 Bianchini, John Fortunatus. Med. Writer at Padua. . . 1720. .1779 
 Biancolelli, Peter Francis. Dominique. Fr. Dramatist. 1681..1734 
 
 Biard, Peter. French Sculptor and Architect i559- • 1609 
 
 Bibbiena, Bernard da. Cardinal. {La Calnndra) 1470- .1520 
 
 Bibiena, Ferdinand Galli. Painter and Architect 1657 . 1 741 or 3 
 
 Bibliander, Theodore. Protestant Divine 1504. . 1564 
 
54 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bicliat, Mary Francis Xavier. French Medical Writer. . 1771 .. 1802 
 
 Bickerstaff, Isaac. Dramatist 1735 ?aft.i 787 
 
 Bickersteth, Rev. Edw., of Watton. L. by Birks, 1851 . 1 786 . . 1850 
 Bickersteth, Henry, Lord Langdale. Master of the 
 
 Rolls. Life by T. D. Hardy 1783. . 1851 
 
 Bicknell, Elhanaia. Art Collector — . . 1861 
 
 Biddle, James. American Naval Commander ^7^3- .1848 
 
 Biddle, John. Socinian Writer. Life by John Farring- 
 
 ton, 1682 ; Joshua Toulmin, 1815 1615 . . 1662 
 
 Biddle, Nicholas. American Naval Commander 1750. . 177S 
 
 Biddle, Nicholas. American Financier 1786. . 1844 
 
 Biddulph, Rev. Thomas Tregenna, of Bristol. Divine. . 1763. .1838 
 
 Bidlake, Dr. John. Divine and Poet i755 • • 1814 
 
 Bidloo, Godfrey. Dutch Anatomist 1649. .1713 
 
 Bie, Adrian de. Flemish Artist i594- • 1640 
 
 Biel, John Christian, of Brunswick. (Lexicon to the LXX.) 1687 . . 1745 
 
 Biela, William, Baron von. Astronomer 1782. . 1856 
 
 Bielefield, C F. Modeler in Papier-mach^ 1803?. 1864 
 
 Bielfleld, James Frederick, Baron de. {Political Institut.) 1717. .1770 
 
 Bienaise, John. French Surgical Operator 1601 . . 1681 
 
 Biesius, Nicholas. Flemish Medical Writer 1516. . 1572 
 
 Biezelingen, Christian John van. Dutch Portrait Painter 1558. .1600 
 
 Bifield, Nicholas, of Chester and Isleworth. Divine 1578?. 1622 
 
 Bigland, John. Writer 1750. . 1832 
 
 Bigne, or Vigne, Gaces de la. {Roman des Oiseaux) 1428?. 1472? 
 
 Bigne, Marguerin de la. {Bibliotheca Patrum) 1546'. 1591 ? 
 
 Bignicourt, Simon de.- {Pensees et Reflections). . . , 1709. .1775 
 
 Bignon, Jerome. Fr. Schol. & Writ. L. by Perrault, 1757 1590. . 1656 
 Bignon, Louis Peter Edw. Fr. Statesman and Diplom. . . 1771 . . 1841 
 Bigot, Emery. French Scholar; Promoter of Learning. . 1626. .1689 
 Bilderdijk, or Bilderdyk, Wm. Dutch Writer and Trans. 1756. . 1831 
 Bilfinger, George Bernard. {Dilucidationes Phibsoph.) . 1693.. 1750 
 
 BUguer, John Ulric. Swiss Surgical Writer 1720. .1796 
 
 Bmaud-Varenne, John Nicholas. French Revolutionist 1756. . 1819 
 
 BOlaut, Adam. Maitre Adam. French Poet 1602 . . 1662 
 
 Billaut, Augustus Adolphus Mary. French Statesman . . 1805 . . 1863 
 BiUi, James de. Trans, of Fathers. L. by Chatard, 1582 1535 . . 1581 
 
 BiUi, James de, of Compi^gne. ( Opus Astronomicon) 1602. . 1679 
 
 Billing, Sigismond. French Politician 1773. . 1832 
 
 BiUingsley, Sir Henry. Lord Mayor; Mathematician . . — . .1606 
 
 Billington, Elizabeth. Vocalist 1770. . 1818 
 
 BUson, Thomas. Bishop of Winchester 1536. . 1616 
 
 Bingham, Rev. Joseph. ( Origines Ecclesiasticce) 1668. .1723 
 
 Bingham, Peregrine. Legal Writer 1788?. 1864 
 
 Bingley. Dutch Actor 1755 . . 1818 
 
 Bingley, Rev. William C. 'Naturalist. {Aniinal Biography) — ..1823 
 Bink, or Binck, Jacob. German Engraver and Painter'. . 1500?. 1560? 
 Binney, Amos. American Patron of Art and Science . . . 1803. . 1847 
 Bioernstahl, or Biornstahl, James Jonas. Swedish Trav. 1731 . . 1779 
 
 Bion, of Smyrna. Greek Bucolic Poet fl. 280B.C. 
 
 Bion, Nicholas. Fr. Mathematician. ( Use of the Globes) 1652. .1733 
 Biondi, John Francis. ( Civil Wars of Fork <f Lancaster) 1572. . 1644 
 Biondo, or Blondus, Michael Angelo. Ital. Med. Writer. . 1497 . . 1560? 
 BiondOjOr Blondus, Flavius. Italian Antiq. and Historian 1388. . 1463 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 55 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Biornstahl, James Jonas. Swedish Traveler 1731 . . 1779 
 
 Biot, Edward Constant. French Chmese Scholar 1803. .1850 
 
 Biot, J. Bapt. French Mathemat. and Nat. Philosopher. 1774. .1862 
 
 Birague, Clement. Spanish Engraver on Gems fl. 1550'' 
 
 Birague, Ren6 de. Cardinal. French Politician 1507- -1583 
 
 Bircli, Rev. Thomas, d. d. Hist, and Biograph. Writer. 1705. .1766 
 
 Bird, Edward, R. A. Painter 1772. . 1819 
 
 Bird, Golding. Surgeon 1815. .1854 
 
 Bird, John. Mathematical Instrument Maker 1709- -1776 
 
 Bird, William. Sacred Composer 1540?. 1623 
 
 Biren, or Biron, John Ernest de, Duke of Courland. 
 
 Russian Statesman _. . 1690. .1772 
 
 Biringuceio, Vannucci. Ital. Mathemat. (Pirotecnia) fl. 1530? 
 
 Birinus. Bishop of Dorchester — . . 648 
 
 Birkbeck, George, m. d. Promoter of Mechanics' Instit. 1776. .1841 
 
 Birkenhead, Sir John. Royalist Political Writer 1615 . . 1679 
 
 Birney, James G. American Politician 1792. . 1857 
 
 Biron, A. L. de Gonteau, Due de Lauzun. Fr. Politician 1747. .1793 
 Biron, Armand de Gontaut, Baron de. Marsh, of France 1524?. 1592 
 Biron, Chas. de Gontaut, Due de. Ambass.,Adm., Marsh. 1562. .1602 
 
 Biron, or Biren, -John Ernest de. See Biren 1690. .1772 
 
 Biscaino, Dominic. Italian Painter and Engraver 1632. . 1657 
 
 Bisch-op, or Biskop, Cornelius van. Painter 163O0. 1674 
 
 Bischop, or Biskop, .Tohn van. Designer and Engraver 1646. .1686 
 
 Biscoe, Richard. Divine — . . 1743 
 
 Biscop, Benedict. Abbot of Wearmouth 629?. 690 
 
 Biset, Chas. Emanuel. Paint, of Hist, and Conversations 1633 — 
 
 Bishop, George. Astronomer — . . 1861 
 
 Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley. Musical Composer 1780. . 1855 
 
 Bishop, Samuel. Poet 1731.. 1795 
 
 Bisi, Bonaventure. Miniature Painter and Engraver 1612. . 1662 
 
 Bisset, Charles, M. d. Phys. and Writ, on Fortification . 1716. .1791 
 
 Bisset, James. Artist and Humorist 1 752 . . 1832 
 
 Bisset, Robt.,L,L.D., of Chelsea. Hist. Writ. {L.o/Burhe) lys^g^.iSo^ 
 
 Bitaub6, Paul Jeremiah. French Writer 1732. . 1808 
 
 Bitzius, Albert. Swiss Author. 1797 . . 1854 
 
 Bivar, Don Rodrigo Dias de. Spanish Hero. The Cid.. 1040?. 1099 
 Bizot, Peter. Numismatist. {Hist. Medal, de tHoUande) iS^o. .i6g6 
 
 Bizzari, Peter. Italian Poet and Historian fl. 1560 
 
 Bizzelli, John. Historical and Portrait Painter 1556?. 1612 
 
 Bjomstjjerna, Magnus Fred. Ferdinand, Count. Swedish 
 
 Statesman and Author 1779- . 1847 
 
 Black, John. English Journalist and Classical Scholar . . 1783. .i85§ 
 Black, Joseph. Chemical Philosopher. {Latent Heat) .. 1^28. .lygg 
 Blackall, Offspring. Bishop of Exeter. Controversialist 1654. .1716 
 
 Blackbiirn, WilUam. Architect 1750. .1790 
 
 Blackburne, Francis. Archdeacon. ( Confessional). . . . 1705. .1787 
 
 Black-Hawk. Celebrated Indian Chief 1768?. 1838 
 
 Blacklock, Thos., d. d. Poet. L. by Spence ; H. Mackenzie 1721 . .1791 
 
 Blackmore, Sir Richard, m. d. Physician and Poet 1650?. 1729 
 
 Blackstone, John. Apothecary. \ Specimen Botanicon) — ••i753 
 Blackstone, Sir William. Judge. ( Commentaries) Life 
 
 by James Clitherow, 1780 1723. .1780 
 
 Blackwall, Rev. Anthony. {Sacred Classics Defended).. — . .1730 
 
56 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Blackwell, Alexander. English Physician — . . 1748 
 
 Blackwell, Mrs. Elizabeth, {fferbnt) fl. 1737 
 
 Blackwell, Thomas. Classical Writer 1701 . .1757 
 
 Blackwood, Adam. {Martyre de Maine Stuart) I539- • 1613 
 
 Blackwood, Sir Henry. Admiral 1770. . 1832 
 
 Blackwood, Wm. Scot. Publisher. {Blackwood's Mag.) 1776. . 1834 
 Bladen, Martin. Lieut.-Colonel. Translator of Cassar. — ..1746 
 
 Blaeuw, John. Geographer and Printer — . . 1680 
 
 Blaeuw, Wra. Dutch Geog. & Print. ( Theatriim Mundi) 1571 . . 1638 
 
 Blagden, Sir Charles. Experimental Philosopher 1748. . 1820 
 
 Blagrave, John, of Reading. Mathemat. and Benefactor — ..1611 
 
 Blagrave, Joseph, of Reading. Astrologer 1610. .1679 
 
 Blainville, Henry Mary Ducrotay de. French Zoologist 1777. .1850 
 Blair, Hugh, d. d., of E^inb. Scot. Div. and Prof, of Rhet. 
 
 ( Sermons ; Lectures. ) Life by Dr. Jas. Finlayson, 1801 1 718 , . 1800 
 
 Blair, James. Missionary to Virginia — . . 1743 
 
 Blair, John. Prebendary of Westminster. {Chronology) — ..1782 
 Blair, Patrick. ^coith\x'&\\rgQon. {Anat. of the Elephant) — ..1728? 
 
 Blair, Robert. Poet. ( The Grave) 1699. .1747 
 
 Blake, John Bradley. Botanist and Naturalist in China. 1745. -^773 
 
 Blake, Robert. Admiral. Life by W. H. Dixon i599- • 1657 
 
 Blake, Wm. Artist & Writ. L. by Alex. Gilchrist, 1863 1757. . 1827 
 Blakejj^ay, Rey. John Brickdale. {Hist, of Shrewsbury) . . 1766?. 1826 
 
 Blampmi, Thomas. Editor of St. Augustine 1640. ,1710 
 
 Blanc de Guillet, Anthony le. French Writer 1730. .1799 
 
 Blanc, Francis le. French"^ Medalist — . . 1698 
 
 Blanc, John Bernard le. {Letters on the English Nation) 1707. .1781 
 Blanc, Louis le. Sieur de Beaulieu. ( Theses Theologicce) 1615. .1675 
 Blanc, Louis le. Surgeon and Lithotomist at Orleans. . . fl. 1770 
 Blanc, Thomas le. French Jesuit. {Analysis Psalmorum) 1599. .1669 
 Blanc. See Le Blanc. 
 
 Blancard, Stephen. Dutch Med. Writer. (Lexic. Medic.) fl. 1688 
 Blancliard, Elias. Writer in Mem. de CAcad. des Inscr. 1672. .1755 
 Blanchard, Francis. Fr. Jurist. {J^oges des Presidents) — ..1650 
 
 Blancliard, Francis. French Aeronaut 1738 . . 1809 
 
 Blanchard, Madame, wife. Aeronaut — . . 1819 
 
 Blanchard, James. French Titian. Painter 1600. . 1638 
 
 Blanchard, J. Bapt. Fr. Writer. ( Temple of the Muses) 1731 . .1797 
 Blanchard, Laman. Period. Writ. L.by SirB.'Lytton,1845 1803. .1845 
 Blanchard, Wm. Fr. Adyocate. {Cnron. Compilation). . — ..1724 
 
 Blanchard, William. Comedian 1770?. 1835 
 
 Blanche de Bovirbon. AVife of Peter the Cruel, of Cast. 1338 . . 1361 
 Blanche of Castile. Queen of Louis VIII. of France. . . 1197. . 1252 
 Blanchet, Francis. Abb^. Fr. Writer. {Varietes Morales) \yoy . .ijt^ 
 Blanchet, Thomas. Historical and Portrait Painter .... 161 7. . 1689 
 
 Bland, Elizabeth. Hebraist — . .1720 
 
 Bland, Rev. Robert. Poet & Class. Edit. {Lat. Verses) 1779. .1825 
 Blandrata, George. Italian Physician and Arian Writer — ..1590'' 
 Blane, Sir Gilbert, m. d. {Elements of Medical Logic) . . 1749. .1834 
 
 Blanken, John. Dutch Engineer 1755 . . — 
 
 Blankoff, John Teunisz. Jan Maat. Flem. Marine Paint. 1628. .1670 
 Blanqui, Jerome Adolphe. French Political Economist. 1798. .1854 
 
 Blase. Saint and Martyr — . . 316? 
 
 Blaurer, Ambrose. Lutheran Div. in France and Germ. 1492. .1568 
 
 i 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. . 57 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Blayney, Benjamin, d. d. Hebrew Critic — . . 1801 
 
 Bledri. Bp. of LlandafF; Schol. and Patron of Learning — . . 1023 
 
 Bleeck, Peter van. Dutch Painter 1700?. 1764 
 
 Bleeker, Ann Eliza. American Author 1752. .1783 
 
 Bleeker, Anthony. American Miscellaneous Writer — ..1827 
 
 Blegny, Nicholas. French Medical Writer 1652, .1722 
 
 Bleiswick, Peter van. Gd. Pensionary. (De Aggeribus) 1724. .1790 
 
 Bless, Henry. Painter .' 1480. .1550 
 
 Blessington, Marg. Power, Css. of. L. by Dr. Madden, 1853 1789 . . 1849 
 Bletterie, .John Philip Ren6 de la. Abbd. Hist. Writer — ..1772 
 Bligh, William. Admiral. Captain of the " Bounty" . . 1753. .1817 
 
 Blizard, Sir William. Surgeon and Anatomist . . . .' 1743- • ^^35 
 
 Bloch, Marcus Eliezer. Phys. and Natural. ( Ichthyology) 1 723 . . 1 799 
 
 Block, Benjamin. Porti'ait Painter 1631 . . — 
 
 Block, Daniel. Pomeranian Portrait Painter 1580. . 1661 
 
 Block, Joanna Koerten. Dutch Artist 1650. . 1715 
 
 Blockland, Anthony de Montfort. Painter 1532. -1583 
 
 Bloemaert, Abraham. Dutch Painter 1567 . . 1647 
 
 Bloemaert, Cornelius, son. Engraver 1603 . . 1680 
 
 Bloemen, .John Francis van. Painter 1656. .1740 
 
 Bloemen, Norbert van. Painter 1672 . , — 
 
 Bloemen, Peter van. Painter ._ fl. 1699 
 
 Blois, Peter of. Petrus Blesensis. Writer 1 120'. 1200? 
 
 Blomefleld, Rev. Francis. Topographer 1705 . . 1751 
 
 Blomfield, Chas. Jas. Bp. Lond. L. by A. Blomfield, 1863 1786. . 1857 
 
 Blomfield, Edward Valentine. Grammarian 1788. .1816 
 
 Blond, James Christopher le. Miniature Painter 1670. . 1741 
 
 Blondel, David. French Protestant. ( On the Eucharist) 1591. .1655 
 Blondel, Francis. Fr. Diplomatist and Military Engineer 161 7. . 1686 
 
 Blondel, Francis. French Medical Writer at Paris 1613. . 1682 
 
 Blondel, Jas. Francis. Fr. Architect. ( Civil Architecture) 1705 . . 1774 
 Blondel, Peter James. Fr. Divine. ( Truth of Christianity) 1674 . . 1 730 
 
 Blondin, Peter. French Botanist 1682. .1713 
 
 Blondus, or Biondo,Flavius. Antiq. {Roma Instaurata) 1388. .1463 
 Blondus, or Biondo, Michael Angelo. Medical Writer. . . 1497. .1560? 
 
 Blood, Thomas. Colonel. Adventurer 1628?. i68d 
 
 Bloomfleld, Robert. Pastoral Poet, (i^armer's^o?/), .. 1766. .1823 
 
 Bloot, Peter. Flemish Painter — . . 1667 
 
 Blosius, or De Blois, Francis Louis. (Speculum Beligo- 
 
 sorum) 1506. 1563 or 6 
 
 Blount, Charles, Earl of Devon 1563 . . 1606 
 
 Blount, Charles. Deistical Writer 1654. . 1693 
 
 Blount, Sir Henry. Traveler and Writer 1602. . 1682 
 
 Blount, Thomas. Miscellaneous Writer. (Boscobel) 1618.. 1679 
 
 Blount, Sir Thos. Pope. ( Censura Celebrium Auctorum) 1649. .1697 
 
 Blow, I)r. John. Musical Composer 1648. .1708 
 
 Bliiclier, Marshal. Life by Foerster, 1821 ; Varnhagen, 
 1827; Wallenrodt, 1832 ; Rauschniek, 1835; Burck- 
 
 hardt, 1835; Kossarski, 1842; Pischou, 1842 1742. .1819 
 
 Blum, Joachim Christian. German Poet i739- -1790 
 
 Blum, Robert. German Publicist 1807. . 1848 
 
 Blumauer, Louis. Ger. Poet. ( Travesty of the ^neid) 1755 .. 1798 
 
 Blumenbach, John Frederick. Naturalist 1752. . 1840 
 
 Bliindeville, Thomas. Mathematician a. 1594 
 
58 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Blunt, Rev. Henry, of Chelsea. (Sermons) 1794. • 1843 
 
 Blunt, Prof. J. J., of Cambridi?e. L. in Qu. Rev. No. 207 — . . 1855 
 Bluteau, Raphael. Fr. Div. in Port. (Po/'i. ^ Xai. i)jc^) 1638, .1734 
 
 Boaden, James. Dramatist and Critic 1 762 . . 1839 
 
 Boadicea. British Queen — . . 62 
 
 Boardman, George D. American Missionary 1801 . . 1831 
 
 Bobart, James. German Botanist at Oxford 1598'. 1679 
 
 Bobart, James, son. Botanist at Oxford — aft.1713 
 
 Bobrov, Semen Sergseeviteh. Russian Poet — ..1810 
 
 Boccaccino, Camillus. Italian Painter 1511. .1546 
 
 Boccaccio, John. Italian Poet. Life bv Betussi ; G. B. 
 
 Baldelli, 1806 ". 1313. .1375 
 
 Boccage, Maria Anne le Page du. French Poetess 1710. . 1802 
 
 Boccalini, Trajan. Ital. Satirist. {Ragguaglidl Parnaso) 1556.. 1613 
 Boccamazza, Angelas. Bp. of Catania. {Brevis Chronica) — ..1296 
 Boccherini, Louis. Composer of Instrumental Music. . . 1740. .1805 
 
 Bocciardo, Clement. Clementone. Painter 1620. . 1658 
 
 Boccold, or Bockholdt, or Beukels. See John of Leyden 1510? .1536 
 
 Boccone, Paul. Italian Naturalist. , 1633. .1704 
 
 Bochj or Bochius, John. The Belgic Virgil i555 • • 1609 
 
 Bochart, Samuel. Orientalist. (Geograplda Sacra) 1599. .1667 
 
 Bochel, or Bouchel, Lawrence. Fr. Writ, in Law & Hist. 1559. . 1629 
 
 Bock, or Le Boucq, Jerome. German Naturalist 1498. .1553 
 
 Bockhorst, John van. Flemish Painter. Langhen Jan. 1610?. — 
 
 Bockhorst, John van. Dutch Painter in London 1661 . .1724 
 
 Bocquillot, Lazarus Andrew. French Divine 1649. .1728 
 
 Bocska, Robt. Nich. Chas. Fr. Harpist and Composer . . 1789. .1856 
 
 Bode, Christopher Augustus. German Orientalist 1722. .1796 
 
 Bode, John Ehlert. Astronomer i747- .1826 
 
 Bodekker, John Francis. Dutch Portrait Painter 1660. .1727 
 
 Bodenstein, Adam. German Medical Writer 1528. .1577 
 
 Bodin, John. French Political Writer. {De RepMica). 1530.. 1596 
 Bodley, Sir Thos. Found, of Library. L. by Hearne, 1703 1544. .1612 
 
 Bodmer, John .Jacob. German Poet : 1698 .. 1 783 
 
 Bodoni, John Baptist. Italian Printer 1740. . 1813 
 
 Bodson, Joseph. P'rench Engraver 1 768 . , — 
 
 Boece, or Boethius, Hector. Scottish Historian 1470?. 1536 
 
 Boeckel, or Bockelius, John. Med. Writer at Hamburg. 1535 . . 1605 
 
 Boeder, John Henry. German Philologist 1611 . . 1692 
 
 Boehm, or Boehme, Jacob, of Gorlitz. Visionary. {Aii- 
 
 rora.) Life by Frankenberg, 1651, tr. by Okely, 1780 1575. .1624 
 
 Boehmer, John Frederick. German Historian 1795 • • 1863 
 
 Boelimer, Philip Adolphus. German Anatomist 1717- • 1789 
 
 Boel, Peter. Dutch Painter 1625 . . 1680 
 
 Boerhaave, Abraham Kaan. Dut. Med. Writ, at Petersbg. 1715 . .1753 
 Boerhaave, Herman. Physician. Life by Dr. William 
 
 Burton, 1746; Dr. Johnson 1668. . 1732 
 
 Boerne, or Borne, Louis. Ger. Polit. Writ. L. by Gutzkow 1786. , 1837 
 Boethius. Roman Senator. {De Consolatione.) Life by 
 
 N. Gervaise ". 470?. 524 
 
 Boethius, or Boece, Hector. Scottish Historian 1470?. 1536 
 
 Boetie, Stephen de la. Fr. Repub. Writ. {Le Conir' Un) 1530. .1563 
 Boetius, or Boot, Gerard. Dut. Phys. {Philos. Naturalis) 1604.. 1653 
 Boettcher, John Fred. Alchemist and Porcelain-maker . 1681 . .1719 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 59 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Boettiger, Charles Augustus. German Archaeologist 1760.. 1835 
 
 Bofifrand, Germain. French Architect 1667 . . 1 754 
 
 Bogaert, Martin van den. Desjardms. Dutch Sculptor 1640. .1694 
 Bogan, Zachar^y. Divine and Antiquary. (Help to Prayer) 1625 . . 1659 
 Bogatzky, Chas. Henry. Ger. Theol. {Golden Treasury) 1690'. 1774 
 Bogdanoviteh, Hippolytus. Russian Scholar & Diplom. 1743. -1^03 
 Bogermann, John. Dutch Contra-Remonstrant Divine. 1576.. 1637 
 Bogue, David, of Gosport. Dissenting Divine. Life by 
 
 Dr. James Bennett ". 1750. . 1825 
 
 Bohadin. Arabian Writer. (Life of Saladin) 1145 . . 1235 
 
 Bohenaond, Mark, Prince of Antioch. Crusader — ..iiii 
 
 Bohlen, Peter von. Orientalist. {Das Alte Indien.) 
 
 Life by self. 1796. . 1840 
 
 Bohmer, John Frederick, of Frankfort. Historian 1795 . . 1863 
 
 Bohn, John, of Leipsic. Physician and Chemist. {De 
 
 Officio Medici) 1640. .1718 
 
 Bohun, Edmund. Miscellaneous Writer — aft. 1700 
 
 Boiardo, Matthew Maria. Italian Poet. <See Bojardo.. . 1434?. 1494 
 
 Boichot, William. French Sculptor 1738. . 1814 
 
 Boieldieu, Adrian Francis. French Musical Composer. . 1775.. 1834 
 Boigne, Bened. le Borgne, Coimt de. Soldier of fortune 1741. .1830 
 Boileau, Charles. Abb^ of Beaulieu. Court Preacher. . — ..1704 
 
 BoileaUj James. Ecclesiastical Historian 1635 . . 1716 
 
 Boileau, John James. {Letters on Morality and Devotion) 1649. .1735 
 Boileau-Despr6aux, Nicholas. Poet, Satirist, Critic. 
 
 Life by Desmaizeaux, 1712 1636. .1711 
 
 Boilly, Louis Leopold. French Painter 1761 . . 1830? 
 
 Boindin, Nicholas. French Atheist and Writer.. . .• 1676. .1751 
 
 Bois, Gerard du. Fr. Writ. {Hist, of the Church of Paris) 1629, .1696 
 Bois, John du. French Monk, Soldier, and Preacher. . . — , .1626 
 
 Bois, Boys, or Boyse, John. Translator of Bible 1560 . . 1643 
 
 Bois de "la Pierre, Louisa Mary du. Poet. «& Hist. Writer 1663 ? . 1 730 
 Bois, Du. See Dubois. 
 
 Boismont. French Preacher 1715 • .1786 
 
 Boismorand, Claude Joseph Cheron de. French Writer 1680?. 1740 
 
 Boisrobert, Francis le Metel de. Writer and Wit 1592 . . 1662 
 
 Boissard, John James. French Antiquary. {Icones). . . . 1528. .1602 
 Boisser6e, Sulpicius. German Collector of Paintings. . . 1783. .1854 
 Boissiere, Jos. de la Fontaine de la, of Dieppe. {Sermons) — ..1732 
 
 Boissieu, Barthol. Camillus de. Fr. Medical Writer 1734. .1770 
 
 Boissy d'Anglas, Frs. Anthony, Ct. de. Polit. and Writ. 1756. .1826 
 
 Boissy, Louis de. French Dramatic Writer 1694. .1758 
 
 Boiste, Peter Claude Victoire. {Diet, de Geographie) . . . 1765. .1824 
 Boivin, Francis de, Baron de Villars. ( Wars of Piedmont) — . . 1618 
 Boivin de Villeneuve, John. Greek Scholar and Poet 1663. .1726 
 
 Boivin, Louis. French Scholar 1649. .1724 
 
 Boizot, Louis Simon. French Sculptor 1743 • • i^°9 
 
 Bojardo, Matthew Maria. ( Orlando Innamorato) , 1434?. 1494 
 
 Bol, Ferdinand. Dutch Painter 161 1 . 1681 or 6 
 
 Bol, John. Dutch Painter 1534. ,1583 
 
 Bolanger, John. Historical Painter 1606. . 1660 
 
 Bold, Samuel. {Plea for Moderation towards Dissenters) . — ••'^^737 
 Boleslaus I. 1st King of Poland (992-1025). The Great — . .1025? 
 Boleslaus II. (1058-8L)* The Bold 1042. . 1090? 
 
60 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN. DIBD. 
 
 Boleyn, Anne. Queen of Henry VIII. Life by George 
 
 Wayt, 1818 ; Miss Benger, 1821 1507 or i . 1536 
 
 Boleyn, George, Lord Rochfort, brother. Poetical Writer — . .1536 
 Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, First Visct. Statesman 
 
 and Political Writer. L. by Mallet, 1754; St. Lambert, 
 
 1796; G. H. Cooke, 1835; Thomas Macknight, 1863. 1678. .1751 
 Bolivar, Simon. Liberator of Spanish Colonies of South 
 
 America ^783- .1830 
 
 Bollan, William. American Political Writer and Agent. — -'1^776 
 
 Bollandus, John. Jesuit. {Lives of the Saints) 1596. . 1665 
 
 Bologna, John of. Flem. Sculpt, and Architect in Italy. 1524. .1608 
 
 Bolognese. Painter. See Grimaldi 1606. . 1680 
 
 Bolsec, Jerome Hermes. Anti-Protestant Writer — . . 1585 
 
 Bolswert, Boetius Adam. Flemish Engraver fl. ab. 1620 
 
 Bolswert, Scheldt, brother. Flemish Engraver 1586. . — 
 
 Bolton, Edmund. Antiquary. (Life of Henry 11.).... fl. 1624 
 Bolton, Robert. Puritan Divine. {Four Last Things.) 
 
 Life by Edward Bagshaw, 1633 1572. . 1631 
 
 Bolton, Robert. Dean of Carlisle. Divine 1697. .1763 
 
 Bolts, William. Merchant, East I. Co. Writer on India 1740. .1808 
 Bolzani, Urbano Valeriano. Greek Scholar in Italy. . . . 1440. .1524 
 
 BombeUi, Raphael. Algebraist fl. I572-'' 
 
 Bombelli, Sebastian, of Bologna. Hist. & Portr. Paint. 1635. .1685 
 
 Bomberg, Daniel. Dutch Printer — . . 1549 
 
 Bon, John le. Fr. Med. Writer. ( Therapeia Puerorum) fl. 15 71 
 
 Bona, John. Cardinal. Devotional Writer 1609. . 1674 
 
 Bona, John de. Medical Writer at Padua 1712.. — 
 
 Bonac, John Louis d'Usson, Marquis de. Diplomatist. . 1672. .1738 
 Bonacciolus, Louis. Med. Writer. {Enneas Muliebvis) fl. 1503 
 
 BonacosGus, Hercules, of Ferrara. Medical Writer — ••1578 
 
 Bonamy, Peter Nich. Writ, in Mem.de VAcad.des Jnscr. 1694. .1770 
 Bonanni, James. Syracusan Noble. {Syracusa lllustrata) — ..1636 
 Bonanni, Philip, of Rome. Hist. {Medals of the Popes) 1638. .1725 
 Bonaparte, Caroline Maria Annunciata, wife of Murat, 
 
 sister of Napoleon 1 1782. .1839 
 
 Bonaparte, Charles, of Corsica, father of Napoleon I. . . . 1744. .1785 
 Bonaparte, Charles Lucien, Prince of Canino. Writer on 
 
 Natural Philosophy, &c 1803. . 1857 
 
 Bonaparte, Jerome. King of Westphalia (1807-13) 1784. . i860 
 
 Bonaparte, Joseph, King of Naples and Spain 1768. . 1844 
 
 Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon, King of Holland 1778. .1846 
 
 Bonaparte, Lucien, Prince of Canino. Poetical Writer. 
 
 ( Charlemagne. ) Life by self, 1836 1 775 • • 1840 
 
 Bonaparte, Maria Anne Eliza, sister of Napoleon I., wife 
 
 of Felix Bacciochi, Princess Piombino 1777- .1820 
 
 Bonaparte, Maria Letitia. Mother of Napoleon 1 1750- • 1836 
 
 Bonaparte, Maria Pauline, Prss. Borghese, sist. of Nap., 1780. .1825 
 Bonaparte, Napoleon I. Emperor. L. by Bourrienne ; 
 
 Constant; Fleury deChaboulon; Norvius; St. Hilaire; 
 
 Vieusieux; Savary, Due de Rovigo; S(^gur, 1812; 
 
 Wm. Burdon; Sir W. Scott; J. G. Lockhart, 1829; 
 
 W. Hazlitt, 1836; Michaud, 1844; Corresp. with Jos. 
 
 Bonaparte, 1855, 8vo; Correspondance, publiee par 
 
 ord. de Nap. IH. 1858, &c.; J. S. C. Abbott, 1864. . . 1769. .1821 
 
 i 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 61 
 
 BOKN. DIED. 
 
 Bonaparte, Nap. Francis Chas. Jos., Duke of Reichstadt. 
 
 Kinfi of Rome; Napoleon [I. Son of Napoleon I.. . . 1811..1832 
 Bonardi, J. Bapt. {Diet, of Anon, and Pseudon. Writers) — -.1756 
 Bonarelli, Guy Ubaldo. Italian Poet. {Filli di Sciro). . 1563.. 1608 
 Bonasoni, Julius. Bolognese Painter and Engraver . . i498'aft.i57i 
 Bonaventure, St. Card. L. by Boule, 1747 ; Fessler, 1807 1221 . , 1274 
 Bonaventure, of Padua. Cardinal ; Friend of Petrarch . 1332.. 1388 
 Bonchamp, Chas. Melch. Arthur de. Vendean Royalist. 1759. .1793 
 
 Bond, George Phillips. American Astronomer 1825 . . 1865 
 
 Bond, John, of Taunton. Phys. and Classical Annotator 1550. . 1612 
 
 Bond, Oliver. Irish Rebel of 1797-98 1720. . 1798 
 
 Bond, William Cranch. American Astronomer 1789. . 1859 
 
 Bondi, Clement. Italian Poet 1742. . 1821 
 
 Bone, Henry, k. a. Paiater in Enamel i755 • • 1834 
 
 Bonecueil, Joseph Duranti de. Translator of the Fathers 1663?. 1756 
 
 Boner, Ulrich. German Fabulist. {Der Edelstein) fl. 14th c. 
 
 Bonet, or Bonnet, Theophilus. Medical Writer 1620. . 1689 
 
 Bonfadio, James. Italian Letter Writer and Poet. {An- , 
 
 nals of Genoa) — . , 1550 
 
 Bonfini, Anthony. {History of Hungary) 1427. .1502 
 
 Bongars, James. French Scholar and Negotiator 1546. . 1612 
 
 Bonichon, Francis, of Angers. {Pompa Episcopalis) — . . 1662 
 
 Boniface, Hyacinthe, of Aix. Compiler of Decrees of 
 
 Parliament of Provence 1612. .1695 
 
 Boniface, St. Winifrid. Apostle of Germanv. Life by 
 
 Willibald ; Geissler, 1796 ; Loeffler, 1812 ; Schmerbauch, 
 
 1827; Pfaff, 1835 ; Waitzmann, 1840; Seiters, 1845. . . 680?. 755 
 
 Boniface I. Pope (418-22). Saint — . . 422 
 
 Boniface II. (530-32) — . . 532 
 
 Boniface III. (606) — . . 606 
 
 Boniface IV. (607-15.) Saint — .. 615 
 
 Boniface V. (617-25) — . . 625 
 
 Boniface VI. (896) — . . 896 
 
 Boniface VII. Anti-Pope (984-85). Francon — . . 985 
 
 Boniface VIII. Pope (1294-1303). Benedict Cajetan. 
 
 Life by Rubeis, 1651 ; Luigi Tosti, 1846 1228. . 1303 
 
 Boniface IX. (1389-1404.) Peter Thomacelli — . . 1404 
 
 Bonifacio, Balthasar. Venetian Historical Writer 1584?. 1659 
 
 Bonafacio, Venetiano. Italian Painter 1491 . . 1553 
 
 Bonifacius. Roman General. Governor of Africa — .. 432 
 
 Bonifonius, or Bonnefons, John. French Latin Poet . . . 1554. .1614 
 
 Bonington, Richard Parkes. Artist 1801 . . 1828 
 
 Bonjour, Wm. Fr. Missionary to China and Bibl. Writ. 1670. .1714 
 Bonnecorse. French Consul in Egypt. Poetical Writer — ..1706 
 
 Bonnefons, John. French Latin Poet i554- • 1614 
 
 Bonnefoy, or Bonfidius, Edm. Writer on Oriental Law 1536. .1574 
 Bonnell, Jam.es. Accountant-General of Ireland. Life 
 
 by Hamilton, 1707 1653. . 1699 
 
 Bonner, Edmund. Bp. of London (1540-69). Persecutor 1500-'. 1569 
 
 Bonnet, Charles. Naturalist of Geneva 1720. .1793 
 
 Bonnet, or Bonet, Theophilus, of Geneva. Med. Writer. 1620. .1689 
 Bonneval, Claude Alexander, Count de. Achniet Pasha. 
 
 French Military Adventurer. Life by self (spurious), 
 
 1755; De Ligne, 1817 1675. .1747 
 
62 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bonneville, Nich. de. Fr. Polit. (Poesies Republicaines) 1760 . . — 
 
 Bonnivard, Francis de. Prisoner of Chillon 1496. .1570 
 
 Bonny castle, John. Mathematician — .,1821 
 
 Bonomi, Joseph. Italian Architect in England i739- • 1808 
 
 Bononcini, John. Opera Composer. Rival of Handel i672^aft.i748 
 
 Bonpland, Aim^. French Botanist 1773. • 1858 
 
 Bonstettin, Charles Victor de. Swiss Author i745 • • ^^3^ 
 
 Bontempi, Geo. Andr.Angelini, of Perugia. {Hist. Musica) 1630^.1700? 
 Bontems, Mary Jane. Translator of Tlwrnson's Seasons . 171 8. .1768 
 Bontius, Gerard. Phys. at Leyden. Jnv. of Pillules Tartarce 1536'. 1599 
 Bontius, Jas. Dut. Phys. in East. (De Medicind Indoi-um) — ..1623 
 Bonvicino, Alex. // Moretto. Hist, and Portrait Painter 15 14. .1564 
 
 Boodt, Anselm Boece von. Writer on Gems — . . 1634? 
 
 Booker, John. Astrologer 1601 . . 1667 
 
 Booker, Rev. Luke, ll. d. Writer 1762. . 1835 
 
 Boone, Daniel. Dutch Painter — . . 1698 
 
 Boone, Daniel. American Explorer and Colonizer 1735 • • ^^^o 
 
 Boonen, Arnold. Dutch Portrait Painter 1669. .1729 
 
 Boos, Martin. Ger. Theologian. Life hj C Bridges, 1836 1762, . 1825 
 
 Boot, Arnold. Dutch Phj'sician and Biblical Writer 1606. . 165^ 
 
 Booth, Barton. Tragic Actor 1681 . .1733 
 
 Booth, Sir Felix. Promoter of Arctic Discover}' i775- .1850 
 
 Booth, Henry, Earl of Warrington. Statesman 1651 , . 1694 
 
 Booth, John Wilkes. Assassin of Abraham Lincoln — . . 1865 
 
 Booth, Junius Brutus. Tragedian 1796. . 1852 
 
 Bora, Katharina von. Wife of Luther 1499 . . 1 552 
 
 Borbonius, or Bourbon, Nich. Fr. Latin Poet. {Nugm) 1503. .1550 
 Borda, John Charles. French Mathemat. and Astronomer 1733. .1799 
 
 Borde, Andrew. {Madmen of Gotham) 1500?. 1549 
 
 Borde, John Benjamin de la. French Historian i734. -1794 
 
 Bordelon, Laurence. French Writer 1653 . .1730 
 
 Bordenave, Toussaint. French Physiologist 1728. . 1782 
 
 Bordeu, Anthony de. French Physician 1696. . — 
 
 Bordeu, Francis de, son. Medical Writer i734- • — 
 
 Bordeu, Theophilus de, brother. Medical Writer 1722. .1776 
 
 Bordley, John Beale. American Agriculturist 1728. . 1824 
 
 Bordone, Paris. Italian Painter 1513- .1588 
 
 Borel, Peter. French Medical Writer 1620?. 1689 
 
 Borelli, John Alphonso. Italian Philosopher and Mathe- 
 matician. (x)e Motu Animalium) 1608 . . 1679 
 
 Borgarucci, Prosper. Italian Medical Writer fl. 1567 
 
 Borghese, Maria Pauline Bonaparte, Princess 1780. .1825 
 
 Borghesi, Paul Guidotto. Italian Painter and Poet. 
 
 {Jerusalem Ruined). 1566?. 1626 
 
 Borghini, Raffaelle. U Riposo. Florentine Poet — ..1584 
 
 Borghini, Vincent. Italian Scholar. {Discorsi) i5i5-- 1580 
 
 Borgia, Caesar. Life by Toraasi, 1655 ; Alex. Gordon, 1729. — . .1507 
 Borgia, Francis. Gen. of the Jesuits. Life by Schott, 1596 1510. .1572 
 
 Borgia, Lucrezia. Duchess of Fen-ara — . .1523 
 
 Borgia, Stephen. Cardinal. Virtuoso 1731 . . 1804 
 
 Borgiani, Horace. Roman Painter and Engraver 1630. . 1681 
 
 Borgo, Luca di. Pacioli. Italian Geometer — aft.1509 
 
 Borgognone, James Cortesi. Italian Painter 1621 . . 1676 
 
 Borie Cambort, John. French Revolutionist 1770?. 1805 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 63 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Borlace, Edmund, ar.D. Writ, on Hist. & Antiq. of Ireland — .,1682 
 Borlase, Rev. Henry. Founder of Plymouth Brethren. . — . . 1835 
 
 Borlase, Rev. William. Antiquary . .* 1696. .1772 
 
 Born, Ignatius. Hungarian Mineralogist and Philologist 1742. .1791 
 Borne, or Boerne, Louis. Ger. Polit. Writ. L. by Gutzkow 1786. . 1837 
 
 Bornier, Philip de, of Montpellier. Writer on Law 1634. .1711 
 
 Borowlaski, Count. Polish Dwarf 1 739? . 1837 
 
 Borrel, John. Writer on Geometry — . . 1572 
 
 Borri, Jos. Francis. Burrhus. Ital. Impostor and Empiric 1627 . . 1695 
 Borrichius, or Borch, Olaus. Danish Medical Writer. . . 1626. .1690 
 Borromeo, Charles, St. Cardinal. Abp. of Milan. L. by 
 
 Bimius, 1585 ; Magnago, 1587 ; Austin Valerio, 1588 ; 
 
 Possevino, 1591; Boscape; Giussano, 1610; Withius, 
 
 1611; Muiioz, 1624; Godeau, 1648; Touron, 1761; 
 
 Stolz, 1781; Olcese, 1817; Alb. Butler, 1835; Chene- 
 
 vi^res, 1840; Dragoni, 1844; Dieringer, 1846; Alex. 
 
 Martin, 1847 1538. .1584 
 
 Borromeo, Frederic. Cardinal. Archbishop of Milan. . 1564. .1631 
 
 Borromini, Francis. Italian Architect i599- • 1667 
 
 Borroni, Paul Michael Benedict. Italian Painter — . . 1819 
 
 Bortliwick, David, of Lochhill. Lord Advocate — . .1581 
 
 Bory de St. Vincent, J. Bapt. George Mary. Naturalist 1780. . 1846 
 
 Borzoni, Francis Mary. Marine Painter 1625 . . 1679 
 
 Borzoni, Lucian. Italian Historical and Portrait Painter 1590. . 1645 
 Bos, Charles Francis du. Theologian. {Life of BarUlon) 1661 . .1724 
 Bos, or Bosche, Jerome. Dutch Painter and Engraver . . 1450'. 1500 
 Bos, Johii Baptist du. French Critical and Hist. Writer. 1670. .1742 
 
 Bos, Lambert. Philologist 1670. .1717 
 
 Bos, Louis Janssen, or John Louis, de. Painter — , . 1507 
 
 Bosc, Claude du. French Engraver in England fl. 1714 
 
 Bosc, Louis Augustus William. French Naturalist i759- • 1828 
 
 Bosc, Peter du. French Protestant Preacher 1623. . 1692 
 
 Boscager, John. French Jurist 1601 . . 1687 
 
 Boscan Almogaver, John, Reformer of Spanish Poetry 1500?. 1544 
 
 Boscawen, Right Hon. Edward. Admu-al 1 71 1 . . 1 761 
 
 Boscawen, William. Writer and Poet 1752. . 181T 
 
 Bosch, Balthasar van den. Pa. of Portr. & Conversations 1675 . . 1715 
 
 Bosch, Jacob van den. Dutch Painter of Still Life 1636. . 1676 
 
 Bosch, Jerome. Dutch Book Collector 1740- .1811 
 
 Boscoli, Andrew. Italian Historical Painter i553- • 1606 
 
 Boscovich, Roger Joseph. Mathematician 1711. .1787 
 
 Bosio, Anthony. {Roma Sotteranea) — . . 1629 
 
 Bosio, Francis Joseph. French Sculptor 1769. . 1845 
 
 Bosio, James, {ffist. of the Order of Bt. John of Jerusalem) fl. 1600'' 
 Bosquet, Frs. Bp. of Montpellier. {Hist of Gallican Ch.) 1605 . . 1676 
 Bosschaert, Thos. Willebrord. Dutch Hist. & Portr. Pa. 1631 . . 1656 
 
 Bosse, Abraham. French Engraver and Architect — . .1678 
 
 Bossi, Joseph. Italian Painter and Poet i777- • 181 5 
 
 Bossi, Joseph Charles Aurelius, Baron de. Italian Poet 
 
 and Diplomatist. ( Oromasin) 1758. .1823 
 
 Matthew. Italian Divine 1428 . . 1 502 
 
 Bossu, Ren6 le. Fr. Scholar and Critic. ( On Epic Poetry) 1631 . . 1680 
 Bossuet, James Benignus le. Bp. of Meaux. Life by 
 
 Levesque de Buriguy, 1761; Talbert, 1772; Charles 
 
64 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Butler, 1812; Card, de Bausset, 1814; St: Prosper, 
 
 1822; Caillot, 1825; Roy, J 840; Abb^ Guettee, 1856.. 1627. .1704 
 
 Bossut, Charles. Mathematician 1730. • 1814 
 
 Boston, Thomas. Scottish Divine. {Fourfold State) .. . 1676.. 1732 
 Boswell, Sir Alexander. Antiquarian and'Song Writer . 1775. .1822 
 
 Boswell, James. Biographer of Dr. Johnson 1740 . . 1795 
 
 Boswell, James. Editor of Shakespeare i779- ■ 1822 
 
 Botal, Leonard, of Asti. Botallus. Medical Writer fl. is^o' 
 
 Boteliio, Nuno Alvarez de. Portuguese Viceroy in India — . . 1629 
 Botero, John. Jesuit Polit. Writer. {Ragionedi State). . 1540.. 1617 
 
 Botfleld, Beriah. Antiquary 1807? . 1863 
 
 Both, Andrew. Painter . . . T — . . 1656 
 
 Both, Johu, brother. Dutch Landscape Painter 1610. .1650 
 
 Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of. Husband of Mary 
 
 of Scotland, Life by Lobanov Rostofsky, 1856 — . .1576 
 
 Bott, John de. French Architect 1670. .1745 
 
 Botta, Charles Joseph William. Italian Historian, 1766. .1837 
 
 Bottari, John Gaetano. Florentine Scholar 1689. .1775 
 
 Bottcher, or Bottger, or Bottiger. See Boettcher 1681 . .1719 
 
 Botticelli, Alexander. Painter of Florence i437- -1515 
 
 Bottiger, Charles Augustus. See Boettiger 1760. .1835 
 
 Bottom, Albertus. Medical Writer — . .1596 
 
 Bouchard, David. Governor of Perigord — . . 1598 
 
 Bouchardon, Edm. Fr. Sculpt. Life by Count de Caylus 1698 . . 1 762 
 Bouchaud, Matthew Anthony. French Writer on Law. 1719..1804 
 
 Bouche, Honorius. ( History of Provence) 1598 . . 167 1 
 
 Bouche, Martin. Engraver of Portraits fl. i68o 
 
 Bouchel, Lawrence. Bochelius. Fr. Jurist and Historian 1559. .1629 
 Boucher d'Argis, Anthony Gaspard. Fr. Writer on Law 1708. .1791 
 
 Boucher, Francis. French Painter 1704- -1770 
 
 Boucher, John. Doctor of the Sorbonne. Fanatic 1548?, 1644 
 
 Boucher, Rev. Jonathan. Political Writer and Philologist 1 738 . . 1804 
 
 Bouchet, John, of Poictiers. (Annals of Aquitaine) 1476. -1550 
 
 Bouchet, John du. French Genealogist. 1 599 . . 1684 
 
 Bouchet, William. Judge, of Poitiers. {Serees) 1526. . 1606? 
 
 Boucheul, John Joseph, of Dorat. Law Writer — . .1706 
 
 Boucicarilt, Marshal. Life published by Theodore Gode- 
 
 froy, 1820; De Pilham, 1697 1364. .1421 
 
 BoudeVyns, Michael. Phys. of Antwerp. {Veniilabrum) — ..1681 
 
 Boudier, Ren4. French Scholar. {Roman History) 1634.. 1723 
 
 Boudinot, Elias. American Lawyer and Philanthropist. 1740. .1821 
 Boudon, Henry Mary, of Evreux. Devotional Writer. . . 1624. .1702 
 
 Boudot, John, of Paris. {Latin Dictionary) 1685 . .1754 
 
 Boufaers, Louis- Francis, Due de. Marshal of France . . . 1644. .1711 
 Boufflers, Stanislaus, Chevalier de. French Emigrant . . 1737. .1815 
 
 Bougainville, John Peter de. French AVriter 1722. .1763 
 
 Bougainville, Louis Anthony de. Geograph. Discoverer 1729. .1811 
 Bougainville, M. D. F. French Navigator and Discoverer — ..1792 
 Bougeant, Wm. Hyacinth. {Hist, of Treaty of Westphalia) 1690. .1743 
 Bougerel, Jos. {Mem. pour VHistoiredes Hommes Illustr.) 1680. -1753 
 
 Bouguer, Peter. French Mathematician 1698. .1758 
 
 Bouhier, John. French Jurisconsult and Writer 1673. .1746 
 
 Bouhours, Dominic. French Jesuit and Critic 1628, .1702 
 
 Bouillard, James. French Engraver 1744- • 1806 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. . 65 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 BouiUsirt, Jas. Fr.Hfetorian. (Hist. of S.-Germ.-des-Pres.) i64g. .1726 
 
 Bouillaud, or Boulliaud, Ismael. Astronomer 1605 . . 1694 
 
 Bouill6, Frs. Claude Amour, Mqs. de. ( Memoirs of Ft. Rev. ) 1 759 . . 1800 
 
 Bouillet, John, of Montpellier. Medical Writer 1690. .1777 
 
 Bouillon, Emanuel Theodosius 1644. .1715 
 
 Bouillon, Godfrey de, Duke of Lorraine. First Christian K. 
 
 of Jerusalem. Life by Prevault, 1833 ; Exeuvillez, 1842 1058'^ 1 100 
 
 Bouilly, John Nicholas. French Dramatic Author 1763. .1842 
 
 BotilainviLliers, Henry de, Ct. de St. Saire. Historian. . 1658. .1722 
 Boulanger, Andrew. Petit P ere Andre. August. Preacher 1578''. 1657 
 Boulanger, or Boullenger, Claude Frs. Felix. Fr. Scholar 1 725 . . 1 758 
 
 Boulanger, John. French Engraver 1607 . ; 1680 
 
 Boulanger, Nicholas Anthony. Fr. Math, and Engineer 1722. .1759 
 
 Boulard, Anthony Mary Henrv. French Savant i754- .1825 
 
 Boiilay de lay Meurthe, A. X C. Fr. Orator and Writer 1761 . . 1840 
 Botilay, Caesar Egasse du. {Bist.of the University of Paris) — ..1678 
 
 Boulaye, Francis Je Gouz de la. " French Traveler 1610?. 1669 
 
 Boulduo, Giles Francis, son. Chemist 1675 . .1742 
 
 Bovilduc, Simon. French Chemist — . . 1729 
 
 BouUenois, Louis. French Law Writer 1680. .1762 
 
 Boullier, David Renaud. Dutch Theologian. . .♦. 1699. .1759 
 
 Boullongne, Bon de. Painter 1649. .1717 
 
 BouUongne, Louis de. The Elder. French Painter 1609. . 1674 
 
 Boullongne, Louis de. The Younger, son. Painter 1654. . 1733 
 
 Boxilter, Hugh. Archbishop of Armagh 1671 . .1742 
 
 Boiilton, Matthew. Engineer. Life, Birmingham, 1809 1728. .1809 
 Bouquet, Martin. (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules) . . . 1685 . .1754 
 
 Boxirbon, Charles I., Fifth Duke of 1401 . . 1456 
 
 Boutbon, Charles, Duke of. Constable of France. Life 
 
 by Baudot de Juilly, 1696 1489. .1527 
 
 Bourbon, Chas. de. Card. Abp. of Rouen. L. by Du Breul 1520. .1590 
 
 Bourbon, John I., Fourth Duke of 1381 . . 1434 
 
 Bourbon, John II., Sixth Duke of 1426?. 1488 
 
 Bourbon, Louis L, Count de Clermont and First Duke of 1279. .1341 
 
 Bourbon, Louis II., Third Duke of 13 73 • • 141° 
 
 Boiu-bon, Nicholas. Gr. Scholar and Latin Poet. (Nugce) 1503., 1550 
 Bourbon, Nicholas. Nephew. Latin and Greek Poet .. 1574. .1644 
 Bourclienu, John Peter Moret de. ( Hist, of Dauphine) . . 165 1 . . 1 730 
 
 BourcMer, John, Lord Berners. Translator 1467?. 1532 
 
 Bourchier, Thomas. Archbp. of Canterbury (1454-86) . — . .i486 
 Bourdaloue, Louis. Jesuit Preacher. Life by Mad. de 
 Prigny, 1705 ; Villenave, 1812; Labouderie, 1825; St. 
 
 Amand, 1842 1632 . . 1704 
 
 Bourdeille, Claude de, Count de Montresor. {Memoirs). 1608?. 1663 
 Bourdeilles, Peter de. Abbot of Brantome. (ifemotVs). 1527?. 1614 
 
 Bourdelot, John. French Critic — . . 1638 
 
 Bourdelot, Peter Michon, Abb6. Med. Writer at Paris. 1610. .1685 
 Bourdigne, Charles, of Angers. Poet. {Legende de Pi- 
 erre Faifeu) ' — . .1545 
 
 Bourdon, Aim4. French Anatomist 1638 . . 1706 
 
 Bourdon de I'Oise, Francis Louis. French Revolutionist — • .i797 
 
 Bourdon, Sebastian. French Painter 1616. . 1671 
 
 Bourdot, Chas. Anthony. Advocate. {Coufiimier General) 1685.. 1735 
 
 Bourgelat, Claude, of Berlin. Veterinarian Writer 1 7 1 2 ? . 1 779 
 
 5 
 
G6 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIBD. 
 
 Bourgeoise, Sir Francis. Painter 1756. . i8n 
 
 Bourgeoise, Louisa. Boursier. Fr. Writer on Midwifery fl. 1600? 
 Bourges, Cl^mence de, of Lyons. Writer and Poetess .. . — ..1562 
 Bovirget, John. Benedictine. Hist, of Caen & Bee Abbeys 1724. .1776 
 Bourgoing, John Francis, Baron de. Fr. Diplom. & Wnt. 1748. .1811 
 Bourguet, Louis. Fr. Prot. Refugee in Switzerland. Writer 1678 . . 1 742 
 Bourgueville, Charles de, of Caen. {History of Caen) . . 1504. .1593 
 
 Bourguignon. French Painter. See Courtois 1621 . . 1676 
 
 Bourignon, Antoinette de la Porte. Mystic. L. by Poiret 1616. . 1680 
 Bourlet de Vauxcelles, Simon Jerome. French Writer 1734?. 1799 
 Bourmont, Louis A. V. de Ghaisne de. Marshal of France 1773 . . 1846 
 
 Bourne, Hugh. Founder of Primitive Methodists 1772. . 1852 
 
 Bourne, Vincent. Latin Poet 1697'. 1747 
 
 Bourrienne, Louis Ant. Fauvelet de. {Life of Napoleon) 1769. . 1834 
 Boursault, Edmund. Fr. Dram, and Romance Writer . . 1638. .1701 
 Boursier, Lawrence Francis. Fr. Theolog. and Metaphys. 1679. . 1749 
 
 Bourvalais, Paul Poisson. French Financier — . .1719 
 
 Bousseau, James. Sculptor 1681 . .1740 
 
 Bousset, Ren^ Drouard de, of Paris. Musical Composer. . 1703. .1760 
 
 Boutaric, Francis de, of Toulouse. Law Writer 1672. .1733 
 
 Boutauld, Michael.* Jesuit of Paris; Theologian 1607. .1688 
 
 Bouteroue, Claude. Antiquary of Paris — . . 1680? 
 
 Bouterwek, Frederick. ( History of Spanish Literature) . . 1 766 . . 1 828 
 
 Boutlirais, Raoul, of Chateaudun. Law Writer 1552?. 1630 
 
 Bouvart, Michael Philip 1717. .1787 
 
 Bouvet, Joachim. French Jesuit and Missionary — . .1732 
 
 Boverius, Zacharias. (History of the Capuchins) 1568. . 1638 
 
 Bovette de Blemur, Jacqueline. Theological Writer. . 1618. .1696 
 
 Bovey, Mrs. Catherine. Extolled by Steele 1669'' .1726 
 
 Bovillus, Charles. Mathematician fl. 1510-33 
 
 Bovius, Thos. Zephirielem. Italian Empiric and Alchem. fl. 1590 
 
 Bowdich, Thomas Edward. African Traveler 1790. . 1824 
 
 Bowditch, Nathaniel. Amer. Writ, on Navig. and Math. 1793. • ^^3^ 
 
 Bowdler, Miss Hannah. Poet and Writer 1754-'. 1830 
 
 Bowdler, Thomas, m. d. {Family Shakespeare) i754- • 1825 
 
 Bowdoin, James. American Statesman 1727. . 1790 
 
 Bowen, John. Bishop of Sierra Leone 1815 . .1859 
 
 Bower, Archibald. Ex-Jesuit. {Lives of Popes) 1686. . 1766 
 
 Bowie, Rev. John. Writer on Span. Lit. Ed. of Cervantes 1725 . .1788 
 
 Bowles, Caroline. See Mrs. Southey 1787- • 1854 
 
 Bowles, William Lisle. Canon. Poet. {Sonnets) 1762.. 1850 
 
 Bowyer, William. Printer. Life by Nichols, 1782 1699. .1777 
 
 Boxhorn, Mark Zuerius. Philologis"t, Historian, Antiq.. . 1612. . 1653 
 
 Boyce, Dr. William. Musical Composer 1710. .1779 
 
 Boyd, Henry. Poet. Translator of Dante — . . 1832 
 
 Boyd, Hugh Stuart. Greek Scholar — . . 1848 
 
 Boyd, Mark Alex. Scot. Writer. L. by Ld. Hailes, 1733 1562. . 1601 
 
 Boyd, Robert, Lord. Regent of Scotland. — . . 1470 
 
 Boyd, Robert. Scottish Divine 1578. . 1627 
 
 Boyd, Wm., Fourth E. of Kilmarnock. Jacobite. Beheaded 1704. .1746 
 
 Boyd, Zachary. Scottish Divine. {Zion's Flowers) — . . 1653 
 
 Boydell, John. Lord Mayor. Art Publisher 1719. . 1804 
 
 Boyer, Abel. Lexicographer and Miscellaneous Writer. . 1664. .1729 
 Boyer, Alexis, Baron de. French Surgeon 1757 or 60 . 1833 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 67 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Boyer, J. Bapt. Nich. Fr. Medical Writer on Contagion 1693. .1768 
 
 Boyer, John Peter. President of Hayti 1776. .1850 
 
 Boyle, Charles, Fourth Earl of Orrery. {Epistles of Pha- 
 
 laris.) (The Orrery called after him) 1676. .1731 
 
 Boyle, John, Earl of Cork and Orrery. Writer on Swift ; 
 
 Translator of Pliny 1707. .1762 
 
 Boyle, Richard. First and Great Earl of Cork. Statesman 1566. .1643 
 Boyle, Richard. Third Earl of Burlington, Fourth Earl of 
 
 Cork. Pope's Epistle IV. dedicated to him 1695 • • ^753 
 
 Boyle, Hon. Robert. Philosopher. Founder of Lecture. 
 
 Life by Thomas Birch, 1744 1627 . . 1691 
 
 Boyle, Roger, First Earl of Orrery. Royalist General, 
 
 Statesman, Writer 1621 . . 1679 
 
 Boylston, Zabdiel. American Physician 1684. .1766 
 
 Boys, John, d. d. Dean of Canterbury. Divine. (Postils) 1571 . . 1625 
 
 Boys, Bovse, or Bois, John. Translator of the Bible 1560. . 1643 
 
 Boys, Wflliam. Antiquarian and Topographer 1735 • • ^^03 
 
 Boyse, Joseph. Dissenting Divine 1660. .1728? 
 
 Boyse, Samuel. Poet. ( The Deity) 1708 . .1749 
 
 Boze, Claude Gros de. French Antiquary. {Medallic 
 
 History of Louis XIV.) ; 1680. .1753 
 
 Bozzaris,' Mark. Greek Patriot 1789. . 1823 
 
 Bozzasotra, Anthony. Medical Writer at Naples — • -^557 
 
 Braccio di Montone. Italian Soldier 1368. . 1424 
 
 Bracciolini dell' Api, Francis. Italian Poet 1566. . 1645 
 
 Bracciolini, Poggio. Reviver of Learning. Life by W. 
 
 Shepherd, 1802 1380. . 1459 
 
 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry. Amer. Miscellaneous Writ. 1 748 . . 1816 
 
 Bracton, Henry de. Law Writer ti. Hen. III. 
 
 Bradbury, Thomas, of Wakefield. Dissenting Preacher . 1677.. 1759 
 
 Braddock, Edward. British General in America 1715'. i755 
 
 Bradford, Alden. American Writer 1765 . . 1843 
 
 Bradford, John. Protestant Martyr — . .1555 
 
 Bradford, John. Welsh Poet — . . 1 780 
 
 Bradford, Willianu Second Governor of Plymouth Colony 1589. .1657 
 
 Bradford, William. American Jurist and Writer ". 1755 . . 1795 
 
 Bradick, Walter. Merchant of Lisbon. Poet. {Coheleth) — ..1794 
 
 Bradley, James, d. d. Astrononjer 1692 .• . 1 762 
 
 Bradley, Richard, of Cambridge. Writer on Botany — . .1732 
 
 Bradshaw, George. (Railway Guide) — . , 1853 
 
 Bradshaw, Henry. Poet 1450?. 1508? 
 
 Bradshaw, John. Regicide 1586. . 1659 
 
 Bradshaw, William. Puritan Divine 1571.. 1618 
 
 Bradstreet, Anne. New England Poetess 1612. . 1672 
 
 Bradstreet, John. English General in America — . .1774 
 
 Bradstreet, Simon. Colonial Gov. of Massachusetts . . . 1603. .1697 
 Bradwardine, Thos. Abp. of Canterbury. {De Causa Dei) — ..1349 
 
 Brady, Nicholas, D. D. Versifier of the Psalms 1659. .1726 
 
 Brady, Robert. Physician and Historian — . .1700 
 
 Braham, John. Singer, {Death of Nelson) 1774. . 1831 
 
 Brali6, Tycho. Astronomer Life by Gassendi, 1654; 
 
 Weistritz, 1756 ; Helfrecht, 1798 ; Sir D. Brewster, 1841 1546. . 1601 
 
 Braidwood, Thomas. Teacher of Deaf and Dumb — . . 1806 
 
 Brainard, John G. C. American Poet 1796. .1828 
 
68 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Srainerd, David. Missionary to American Indians. Life 
 
 by Jonathan Edwards, 1765; Josiah Pratt, 1846 1718. .1747 
 
 Braithwaite, John. Mechanic... — ..1818 
 
 Brakenburg, Reinier. Dutch Painter 1649. . — 
 
 Bramah, Joseph. Inventor of Bramah Press 1749 . . 1814 
 
 Bramante d'Urbmo. Donato LazzaH. Architect, Painter, 
 
 Poet, Musician i444- -1514 
 
 Bramantino, Augustin da Milanese. Painter tl. 1525 
 
 Bramer, Leonard. Flemish Historical Painter 1596. . — 
 
 Bramtiall, John. Arch bishop of Aniiagh. L. by Vesey . 1 593 '' . 1 663 
 
 Bramston, Rev. James. Satirist — " . .1744 
 
 Bramston, Sir John. Lord Chief Justice — . . 1646 
 
 Brancas Villeneuve, Andrew Francis. Cosmographer. — ..1748 
 Brancas, Louis L. F., Due de. Gt. de Lauraguais. Savant 1733. . 1824 
 Brand, Rev. John. Antiquar3\ {Histoi'y of Newcastle). 174.;^^ .1806 
 
 Brand, Rev. John. Political Writer — . . 1808 
 
 Brandel, Peter, of Prague. Portrait and Hist. Painter. . 1660. .1739 
 
 Brander, Gustavus. Antiquary and Naturalist 1720?. 1787 
 
 Brandi, Hyacinth. Italian Historical Painter 1623. .1691 
 
 Brandraiiiier, Gregory. German Painter 1661 . . 1691 
 
 Brandmiiller, Jas. Biblical Writer. { A7ialysis Typica) ic^Si,. .i62g 
 
 BrandmuUer, John. Hebrew Professor at Basel 1 533 •• 1596 
 
 Brandolini, Aurelius. 11 Lippo. Ital. Poet and Divine. 1440?. 1497 
 Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suifolk. Fav. of Hen. VIII. — . .1545 
 
 Brandt, George. Swedish Natural Philosopher 1694. .1768 
 
 Brandt, Gerard. Eccles. Historian. Life by Haes, 1740. 1626. .1685 
 Brandt, Nich., or Sebastian. Discoverer of Phosphorus . — ..1692? 
 Brandt, Sebastian. Titio. Dutch Poet. (A'^am >Si«f/fe/e?'a) 1458. .1520 
 Branker, or Brancker, Thomas. English Mathematician 1636. .1676 
 Brant, Brandt, or Brantz, John, of AntAverp. Philologist. 1559. . 1639 
 
 Brant, Joseph. Tliayendanega. Mohawk Chief. 1742?. 1807 
 
 Brantome. Chronicler. See Bourdeilles 1527' . 1614 
 
 Branwhite, Peregrine. Poet 1745 . .1794 
 
 Brarens, Henry. Danish Writer on Navigation 1751 • • 1826 
 
 Brasbridge, Thomas. Divine and Medical Writer i537- -1593 
 
 Brasidas. Spartan General — B.c.422 
 
 Brassavola, Antonius Musa. Italian Medical Writer. . . 1500.. 1555 
 
 Brathwaite, Richard. Poet 1588. .1673 
 
 Braun, August Emil. Geraian Archaeologist 1809. . 1856 
 
 Brauwer, or Brouwer, Adrian. Flemish Painter 1608. . 1640 
 
 Bray, Jacob de. Historical Painter 1604. . 1664 
 
 Bray, Sir Reginald. Statesman and Architect — . .1503 
 
 Bray, Solomon de. Dutch Portrait Painter ._ 1 597? , 1664 
 
 Bray, Rev. Thomas, d. d. Propagator of Christianity. . 1656. .1730 
 
 Bray, William. Antiquar}'-. Editor of Evelyn 1736. . 1832 
 
 Braybrooke, Rd. Cornwallis Neville, Lord. Antiquary. 1820. .1861 
 Brayley, Edward Wedlake. Antiquary and Topographer. 
 
 ( Westminster Abbey) ". , 1773. -1^54 
 
 Br6beuf, Geo.*de. Fr. Poet. Trans, of Lucan's Pharsalia 1618. , 1661 
 Br6beuf, John de. French Jesuit Missionary to Canada. 1593. .1649 
 
 Brebiette, Peter. French Painter and Engraver 1596. . — 
 
 Breckberg, or Berkheyden, Gerard. Painter 1645 . . 1693 
 
 Breckberg, or Berkheyden, Job, brother. Dutch Painter 1628. .1698 
 Brecourt, William Marcoureau de. Fr. Poet and Actor . — . . 1685 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 69 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Breda, John van. Dutch Painter 1683, .1750 
 
 Breda, Peter van. Landscape Painter of Antwerp 1630. .1681 
 
 Brederode, Henry, Count. Dutch Patriot — . .1568 
 
 Bredow, Gabriel Godfrey. German Historian i773- .1814 
 
 Bree, Matthew Ignatius van. Flemish Painter i773- • ^^39 
 
 Breenberg, Bartholomew. Dutch Landscape Painter. . . 1620.. 1660 
 Breguet, Abraham Louis, ot Paris. Swiss Watch-maker 1747. .1823 
 Bregwin. Abp. Cant. (759-65). L. byEadmer; Osbern — .. 765 
 Bregy, Charlotte Chaumaise de Chazan, Countess de. 
 
 Beauty and Wit 1619. . 1693 
 
 Breislak, Scipio. Italian Geologist 1 748 . . 1 826 
 
 Breitkopf, John Gottlob Immanuel. German Printer. . . 1719. .1794 
 
 Bremer, Sir James John Gordon. Admiral 1786. . 1850 
 
 Breraont, Francis de. Writer of Paris 1713- -1742 
 
 Brenner, Henry, of Stockholm. Orientalist 1669. .1732 
 
 Brennus. Gallic Chief. Invader of Italy fl. 390 b. c. 
 
 Brennus. Gallic Chief. Invader of Greece fl. 280 b. c. 
 
 Brent, Sir Nathaniel. Warden of Merton Coll. Writer. 1573. .1652 
 Brentano, Clemens. Ger. Novelist and Dramatic Poet. , 1777. . 1842 
 
 Brentius, or Brentzen, JoJm. Lutheran Divine i499- •157° 
 
 Brenton, Capt. Edward Pelham, r. n. {Naval History) . 1774. . 1839 
 Brenton, Sir Jahleel, Admiral. Life by Raikes, 1846 . . . 1770. . 1S44 
 Breqnigny, Louis Geo. {Histoire des Revolutions de Genes) 1716. .1795 
 
 Brereton, Jane. Poet 1685 . .1740 
 
 Brerewood, Edward. Antiquary and Mathematician .. . 1565..1613 
 
 Bresmal, John Francis. Medical Writer at Liege 1670? . — 
 
 Bret, Anthony. Fr. Writer and Poet. ( Quatre Saisons) 171 7. .1792 
 Breteuil, Louis Auguste le Tonnelier. Fr. Diplomatist.. 1733. -1807 
 
 Breton, Nicholas. Poet ti. Eliz. 
 
 Breton, Raymond. French Missionary to West Indies . . 1609 . . 1679 
 Bretonneau, Francis. Jesuit of Tours. {Life of J as. //.) 1660. . 1741 
 Bretsclineider, Charles Theophilus. Ger. Theologian. . 1776. .1848 
 Bretschneider, Henry Godfrey von. Hungarian Writer 1 739 . . 1810 
 
 Brett, Rev. Thomas, ll. d. Nonjuring Divine 1667. .1743 
 
 Brettinger, John James, of Zurich. Hebraist and Writ. 1701?. 1776 
 Breudel, Adam. Anat. and Botanist at Wittemberg .... fl. 1 700 
 Breudel, John Godfrey, nephew. Anatomist at Gottingen i7ii?.i758 
 Breughel, John. Velvet Breughel. Landscape Painter. . 1569. .1625 
 
 Breughel, Peter. Old Breughel. Dutch Painter iSjO- '1590 
 
 Breughel, Peter, son. Hellish. Painter — . . 1642 
 
 Breul, James du. French Benedictine. {Antiq. of Paris) 1^28. .1614. 
 Breval, John Durant de. Eng. Officer. {House of Nassau) — ••1739 
 
 Brevint, Daniel, Dean of Lincoln. Divine 1616. . 1695 
 
 Brewer, Anthony. Poet and Dramatist ti. Chas. I. 
 
 Brewster, William. Elder of the Plymouth Pilgrims. . . 1560. . 1644 
 Breydel, Charles. Cavalier. Flem. Landscape Pamter. 1677. .1744 
 
 Breydel, Francis, brother. Painter 1679. .1750 
 
 Breynius, James, of Dantzic. Botanist 1637. . 1697 
 
 Brian, Boru. Native Irish King 927?. 1014 
 
 Briconnet, William. Bishop of Meaux — -.1533 
 
 Bridaine, James. French Itinerant. ' {Spiritual Songs). 1701. .1767 
 
 Bridault, John Peter. French Writer — . . 1761 
 
 Bridge, William. Nonconformist Divine 1600 . . 1670 
 
 Bridges, John. Antiquary and Topographer 1666'' .1724 
 
70 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, Sixth Earl and Third 
 
 Duke of. Promoter of Canals 1729. . 1803 
 
 Bridgewater, Rev. Francis Henry Egerton, Eighth Earl 
 
 of. Originator of the Bridgewater Treatises 1758 . . ] " 
 
 Bridport, Alexander Hood, Lord. Admiral — . 
 
 Brienne, John de. K. of Jerus. and Emp. of Constantinop. — . 
 
 Brienne, Walter de, Duke of Athens. Constable — . 
 
 Briet, or Brietius, Philip. French Historical and Geo- 
 graphical Writer. {Parallela) 1601 . 
 
 Briggs, George N. Amer. Statesman and Philanthropist 1796. 
 
 Briggs, Henry. {Logarithmic Tables) 1556- 
 
 Briggs, Henry Perronet. Historical and Portrait Painter 1 793 . 
 
 Briggs, William. Oculist. ( Oplithalmographia) 1641 . . i 
 
 Brigham, Nicholas. Writer and Poet. {Memoirs of 
 
 Eminent Persons) — 
 
 Bright, Eev. Tim., m. d. Phys. ( Treatise on Melancholy) — 
 
 Brightman, Rev. Thomas. Biblical Commentator i557--] 
 
 BrUitwald. Archbishop of Canterbury (693-731) 650?. 
 
 Bril, Matthew. Landscape Painter 1550- • 
 
 Brll, Paul, brother. Landscape Painter. . .» 1556- • 
 
 Birillat-Savariii, Anthelme. {Physiologie du Gout) 1755. • 
 
 Brindley, James. Mechanician and Canal Engineer. .. . 1716.. 
 
 Brinkley, John. Bp. of Cloyne. Div. and Astronomer. 1763. . 
 
 BrinvUliers, Marg. d'Aubrai, Marchioness of. Poisoner. — .. 
 
 Brisbane, Sir Charles. Admiral — . . 
 
 Brisbane, Sir Thos. Makdougal. Soldier and Astronomer 1773. . 
 
 Brisseau, Peter. Fr. Med. Writer. {Sur la Cntai-acie). 1621. . 
 
 Brisson, Barnabas. French Lawyer and Philologist 1531 . . 
 
 Brisson, Mathurin James. Fr. Chemist and Naturalist. 1723. . 
 
 Brissot, John Peter. French Revolutionist i754- • 
 
 Brissot, Peter. French Physician 1478 . . 
 
 Britannico, John. Italian Grammarian — aft. 
 
 Britannicus. Son of Emperor Claudius 42 . . 
 
 Brito, Bernard de. Portuguese Historian 1 569 . . ] 
 
 Brito, Gulielmus. Brito Armoricus. Historian and Poet 11 so' 
 
 Britton, John. Topog. and Archit. Writer. ( Cathedi-als) 1771. 
 
 Britton, Thomas. Musical Small-coal Man 1654. 
 
 Brizard, or Britard, John Baptist. French Actor 1721 . 
 
 Brizzio, or Briccio, Francis. Landsc. Painter of Bologna 1574. 
 
 Brocchi, John Baptist. Italian Mineralogist 1772. 
 
 Brockhiaus, Frederick Arnold. German Publisher 1772. 
 
 Brocklesby, Richard. Physician and Writer 1 722 . . i 
 
 Brodeau, John. Brodceus. French Critic 1500. 
 
 Broderip, William John. Naturalist and Shell Collector — . 
 
 Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins. Surgeon. (Autobioffraj)hy) 1783. 
 
 Broeck, Crispin van den. Dutch Painter and Engraver. 1530. 
 
 Broeck, Elias van den. Flemish Painter 1657. 
 
 Broeckhuyse, John. BrouMmsius 1649. . 1 
 
 Broglie, Claude Victor, Prince de. Marshalof Fr. ; guillot. 1757.. 
 
 Broglie, Francis Mary, Duke de. Marshal of France 1671 . . 
 
 Broglie, Victor Francis, Duke de. French General 1718. . 
 
 Broglie, Victor Maurice, Count de. Marshal of France. . 1647?. 
 
 Brogni, John de. Cardinal , 1342. • 
 
 Broke, Sir Philip Bowes Vere. Rear- Admiral 1776. . 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 71 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Brokesby, Rev. Francis. Relig. Writer. {Life of Dodwell) 1637.. 1 718? 
 Brome, Adam de. Fav. of Edw. II. ; Found, of Oriel Coll. — . . 1332 
 
 Brome, Alexander. Satiric Anti-Puritan Poet 1620. .1666 
 
 Brome, Richard. Dramatist — . . 1652 
 
 Bromfleld, Sir Wm. Surgeon ; Founder of Lock Hospital 1712 . . 1 792 
 
 Bromley, John. Mezzotint Engraver i795 • • 1^39 
 
 Bromley, William. Line Engraver 1769. .1842 
 
 Bromton, John. Historian fl. 1193 
 
 Bronchorst, John, of Leyden. Animal Painter in Water 
 
 Colors 1648. .1723 
 
 Bronchorst, Peter, of Delft. Historical Painter 1588. . 1661 
 
 Brondsted, Peter Oluf. Danish Archaeologist 1781 . .1842 
 
 Brongniart, Alexander. Fr. Chemist and Mineralogist. 1770. .1847 
 
 Brongniart, Anthony Louis. French Chemist — . . 1804 
 
 Bront6, Anne. Acton Bell. Novelist 1820?. 1849 
 
 Bront6, Charlotte. Currer Bell. L. bvMrs. Gaskell, 1857 1816. .1855 
 
 Bront6, Emily Jane. Ellis Bell. Novelist 1818?. 1848 
 
 Bronzino. Alexander Allori. Italian Painter 1535 . . 1607 
 
 Bronzino, Angelo. Historical and Portrait Painter 1511..1570 
 
 Bronzino. Christopher Allori, son of Alexander. Painter 1577 . . 1619 
 
 Brook, Benjamin. {Lives of the Puritans) 1775 . . 1848 
 
 Brooke, Charlotte. {Irish Poetry.) Life by Seymour, 1816 — ••i793 
 Brooke, Mrs. Frances. Novelist and Dramatic Writer . . — ..1789 
 Brooke, Sir Fulk Greville, Lord. Poet and Philosopher. 1554.. 1628 
 
 Brooke, Henry. Writer. ( The Fool of Quality) 1706. .1783 
 
 Brooke, John Charles. Somerset Herald; Topographer. 1748.. 1794 
 
 Brooke, Ralph. York Herald 1550?. 1625 
 
 Brooke, Sir Robert. Judge and Law Writer — • • 1558 
 
 Brookes, Joshua. Anatomist 1761 . . 1833 
 
 Brooks, Maria. American Poetess 1795?. 1845 
 
 Broome, William, ll. d. Poet; Translator of Anacreon. . — . .1745 
 
 Broschi, Charles. Farinelli. Italian Singer _ 1705 . .1782 
 
 Brossard, Sebast. de. Fr. Musician. {Prodromus Musicalis) 1660. .1730 
 
 Brosse, Guy de la. French Botanist — . . 1641 
 
 Brosses, Charles de. French Writer 1709- -1777 
 
 Brossette, Claude de, of Lyons. Writer. {Hist, of Lyons) 1671. .1742 
 
 Brotero, Felix de Avellar. Portuguese Botanist i744- • 1828 
 
 Brothers, Richard. Visionary 1760?. 1824 
 
 Brotier, Andrew Charles. Botanist 1751 • -1798 
 
 Brotier, Gabriel, Abb^. Scholar 1723. .1789 
 
 Broughton, Hugh. Hebrew Scholar and Polem. Divine 1549. .1612 
 Broughton, Thomas. Prebendary of Salisbury. Divine 1704. .1774 
 Brouneker, or Brounker, Wm. Visct. Pres. of Royal Soc. 1620. .1684 
 
 Brousson, Claude. French Protestant Martyr 1647 . . 1698 
 
 Brouwer, or Brauwer, Adrian. Flemish Painter 1608. .1640 
 
 Browallius, John. Bishop of Abo. Naturalist 1707- -1755 
 
 Brown, Charles Brockden. American Novelist. ( Wieland) 1771. .1810 
 
 Brown, Rev. David. Missionary in India — ..1812 
 
 Brown, James. Traveler and Scholar. ( The Directory) 1709. .1788 
 Brown, Rev. John, d. d. {Rise and Progress of Poetry) 1715 . . 1766 
 Brown, John. Scotch Divine. ( Self-Interpreting Bible) 1 722 . . 1 787 
 Brown, John. Scotch Painter. {Letters on Italian Opera) 1752. .1787 
 Brown, John. Scot. Phys. Inventor of Briinonian System 
 
 of Medicine. Life by Beddoes, 1801 ; W. C Brown, 1804 1735 . . 1788 
 
72 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Brown, Capt. John. Amer. Abolitionist. L. by R. D. Webb 1800. . 1859 
 Brown, Launcelot. Capability. Landscape Gardener. ., 1715. .1783 
 
 Brown, Matthew. Painter 1760?. 1831 
 
 Brown, Moses. Vicar of Gin ey. Poet. Writer. >See Browne 1703. .1787 
 
 Brown, Robert. Founder of the Broionists 1550^ • 1630 
 
 Brown, Robert. Scottish Agricultural Writer 1770?. 1831 
 
 Brown, Robert. President Linnaean Soc. Botan. Writer 1773. .1858 
 
 Brown, Sir Samuel. Captain k. n. Civil Engineer 1776. .1852 
 
 Brown, Thomas. Theologian; Translator of Camden. . . 1604. .1673 
 
 Brown, Thomas. Satirical Writer and Poet 1663. .1704 
 
 Brown, Dr. Thomas, of Edinburgh. Professor of Moral 
 
 Philosophy. {Philosophy of Human Mind.) L. by Welsh 1778.. 1820 
 
 Brown, Ulysses Maximilian de. Imperial General 1705 . . 1757 
 
 Brown, William. Botanist. {Catalogus Horti Oxoniensis) 1628.. 1678 
 Brown, Sir Wm., m. d. Phys. and Humorist. See Browne 1692. .1774 
 Brown, Wm. Lawrence. Theol. at Utrecht and Aberdeen 1755. .1830 
 Brown. See Browne. 
 
 Browne, Sir Anthony. Judge ; Supporter of Marj' Q. Scots — • ■ 1567 
 Browne, Edward. Physician to Charles II., and Traveler 1642. .1708 
 Browne, George. Abp. of Dublin. Protestant Reformer — ••1556'' 
 Browne, Isaac Hawkins. Poet. (Design and Beauty; 
 
 Immortality of the Soul) 1706. .1760 
 
 Browne, John. Surgeon. {Myography) 1642. .1700? 
 
 Browne, Jos. Writ. agt.Circulat. of Blood. {Antidotaria) fl.1698-1721 
 Browne, Joseph, d. d. Provost of Queen's Coll. Scholar 1 700 . . i 'jSy 
 
 Browne, Rev. Moses. Poet. {Piscatory Eclogue) 1703. .1787 
 
 Browne, Patrick, m. d. Naturalist. {History of Jamaica) 1720. .1790 
 Browne, Peter. Bishop of Cork. Writer against Toland — ••i735 
 
 Browne, Simon. Dissenting Divine 1680?. 1732 
 
 Browne, Sir Thomas. {Rtligio Medici.) L. by Dr. Johnson 1605 . . 1682 
 
 Browne, William. Poet. {Britannia'' s Pastorals) 1590.. 1645? 
 
 Browne, Sir Wm. Physiciaai. Founderof Class. Medal. 1692. .1774 
 
 Browne, William George. Oriental Traveler 1768. . 1814 
 
 Browne. See Brown. 
 
 Browning, Mrs. Elizabeth Barrett. Poetess 1809. . 1861 
 
 Brownrig, Ralph. Bishop of Exeter 1592. . 1659 
 
 Brownrigg, William. Physician and Natural Philosopher 171 1. .1800 
 
 Bruceeus, Henry, of Alost. Medical Writer 1531 • -1593 
 
 Bruce, Edward. Scottish Judge I549''- 161 1 
 
 Bruce, James. African Traveler. Life by Alexander 
 
 Murray, 1804 ; Sir F. B. Head, 1830 1730. . 1794 
 
 Bruce, James, Earl of Elgin. See Elgin 181 1 . . 1863 
 
 Bruce, John. Political Writer i744- • 1826 
 
 Bruce, Michael. Poet 1746. .1767 
 
 Bruce, Peter Henr}'-. German Officer and Diplomatist . . — . .1757 
 
 Bruce, Robert. King of Scotland 1274. . 1329 
 
 Bruce, Thomas, Earl of Elgin. See Elgin 1766. .1841 
 
 Brucioli, Anthony. Florent. Transl. of Bible and Classics — aft.1554 
 Brucker, John James. {Historia Critica PhilosopMce) . . . 1696.. 1770 
 Bruckman, Francis Ernest. Ger. Physician & Naturalist 1697. . 1753 
 Bru6re, Charles Anthony Leclerc de la. French Dramatist 1715 ?. 1754 
 Brueys, David Augustine. Fr. Prot. Theol. and Dramatist 1640 . . 1 723 
 Brueys d'AigaUiers, Francis Paul. French Admiral ... 1753 . .1798 
 Bruges, John of, or John van Eyck. Painter 1370- • 1441 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 73 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Brugmans, Sebald Justin. Dutch Military Physician . ... 1763 . . 1819 
 Bruguidres, John Wm. French Naturalist and Physician 1 749 . . 1 799 
 Bruhier d'Ablaincourt, John James. Fr. Med. Writer. — . . 1756 
 
 Bruhl, Henr}', Count von. Polish Minister 1700. .1764 
 
 Bruin, or Bruyn, John de. Experimen. Philos. at Utrecht 1620 . . 1675 
 Bruix, Chevalier de. Fr. Writer. {Eeflexions Diverses). 172S. .lySo 
 
 Brulart, Nicholas. Chancellor of France i544' • 1624 
 
 Brulart, Peter. Ambassador and Secretary of State 1583?. 1640 
 
 BrxiUiot, Francis. {Dictionary of Monogr'ams) 1780. . 1836 
 
 Brumrael, Geo. Bryan. Beau. Life by Capt. Jesse, 1844 1778. .1840 
 Brumoy, Peter. French Writer. ( Theatre des Grecs) . . 1688. .1742 
 Brun, Anthony, of Dole. Ambass. and Poetical Writer. . . 1600 . . 1654 
 
 Brun, Anthony Louis. French Poet 1680. .1743 
 
 Brun, Charles le. French Painter and Writer 1619. . 1690 
 
 Brun, J. Baptist le. Desmareites. French Eccles. Writer — ..1731 
 Brun, LawTence de, of Nantes. ( Virgilius Christianus) . . 1607 . . 1663 
 
 Brun, Peter le. French Ecclesiastical Writer 1661 . . 1729 
 
 Brun, Wm. le. Jesuit. {Latin and French Dictionary). 1674?. 1758 
 
 Brunck, Richard Francis Philip. Critic 1729. .1803 
 
 Brune, William Mary Anne. Marshal of France 1763. .1815 
 
 Brunehaut. Queen of Austrasia — ; . 613 
 
 Brunei, Isambard Kingdom. Engineer of " Gt. Eastern " 1806. . 1859 
 Brunei, Sir Mai-k Isambard. Engineer of Thames Tunnel. 
 
 Life by R. Beamish 1769. . 1849 
 
 BruneUeschi, Philip. Florentine Architect '^377- -1444 
 
 Brunei, John Louis, of Aries. Ecclesiastical Writer 1688. .1747 
 
 Brunetto Latini. Grammarian, of Florence. (7/ Tesoro) 1230. .1294 
 
 Brunfels, Otho. Physician and Botanist at Berlin 1464''. 1534 
 
 Bruni, Anthony. Italian Poet — . . 1635 
 
 Bruni, Leonard. Aretino. Historian 1369. . 1444 
 
 Brunings, Christian. Writer on Greek and Jewish Antiq. 1 702 . . 1 763 
 
 Brunings, Christian. Dutch Hydraulic Engineer 1736. .1805 
 
 Brunn, John James, of Basel. {Systema Materice Medicce) 1591 . . 1660 
 
 Brunner, Balthazar. German Physician 1533 . . 1604 
 
 Brunner, or Brunn, John Conrad. Swiss Phys. and Anat. 1653. . 1727 
 
 Bruno the Great. Archbishop of Cologne — .. 965 
 
 Bruno, St. Founder of Carthusians. Life by Madariaga, 
 
 1596 ; Faria, 1649 ; Tromby, 1773 ; Tracy, 1786 ; Villerey, 
 
 1808; Ducreux, 1808 1030?. iioi 
 
 Bruno, James Pancrace. Swiss Physician 1629. .1709 
 
 Bruno, Jordan. Italian Anti-Christian Writer. Life bv 
 
 Murr, 1805; Rixner, 1824; Debs, 1844; C.Bartholomew 1550. .1600 
 Brunswick-Lunenburg, Charles William Ferd., Duke 
 
 of. Prussian General against the French Republicans 1735. .1806 
 Brunswick-Oels, Frederick Augustus, Duke of, brother. 
 
 Prussian Gen. and Writer, ( On Alexander the Great) . 1740. . 1805 
 Brunswick, Frederick William, Duke of. Served in the 
 
 English Army against France i77i« .1815 
 
 Brunswick, Maximil. Jul. Leop., Duke of. Pruss. General 1 752 . . 1785 
 
 Brunton, Mrs. Mary. Novelist- 1778. . 1818 
 
 Bruschius, Caspar.*^ Latin Historian and Poet of Bohemia 15 18. . 1559 
 Brusoni, Jerome. Venetian Writer. (History of Italy). . 1610. .16^0^ 
 Brusoni, Lucius Domitius. Facetious Writer. ( Speculum 
 
 Mundi) fl. i6th c. 
 
74 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bruto, John Michael. Trav. and "Writer. ( Bist. of Hungary) le^iS^.i^g^. 
 
 Brutus, John. Ecclesiastic of Paris. Writer '. 1678?. 1762 
 
 Brutus, Lucius Junius. Estab. Repub. Governmt. at Rome fi. 500 b.c. 
 
 Brutus, Marcus Junius. Murderer of Caesar B.c.85 B.c.42 ' 
 
 Bruyere, John de la. French Writer. ( Caracteres) 1644-'' . 1696 
 
 Brujm, Cornelius le. Traveler and Painter 1652. ., — 
 
 Bruyn, or Bruin, John de. Experimen. Philos. at Utrecht 1620. . 1675 
 Bruys, Francis. French Critic. {History of the Popes) . . 1703. .1738 
 Bruys, Peter de, of Languedoc. Found, of Petro-Brussians — . .1130 
 
 Bruzen de la Martiniere. See Martiniere 1666. .1740 
 
 Bry, Theodore de. ( CoUectiones Peregrinationum) 1528. .1598 
 
 Bryan, or Bryant, Sir Francis. Soldier, Statesman, Poet — ..1550? 
 
 Bryan, Michael. {Dictionary of Painters) i757. • 1821 
 
 Bryant, Jacob. Antiquary and Philologist I7JI5-- 1804 
 
 Brydges, Sir Sam. Egerton, Miscel. Writ. L. by self, 1834 1 762 . . 1837 
 
 Brydone, Patrick. ( Travelsin Sicily and Malta) I74i?.i8i8 
 
 Bryennlus, Nicephorus. Byzantine Historian — • • 1137 
 
 Buache, Philip. French Hydrographer 1700. . 1773 
 
 Buat Wancay, Louis Gabr., Ct. du. Fr. Diplom. & Writer 1732. .1787 
 Bucer, Martin. Reformer. Life by Conrad Huber, 1537 1491 . . 1551 
 
 Buch, Baron Leopold von. Scientltic Writer. i774. • 1853 
 
 Buchan, Mrs. Elspeth, or Elizabeth. Scottish Fanatic. . . 1738. .1791 
 
 Buchan, Stuart Erskine, Earl of. Scientific Writer 1742. . 1829 
 
 Buchan, William, m. d. {Domestic Medicine) 1729. .1805 
 
 Buchanan, Claudius, d. d. Bengal Chaplain. ( Christian 
 
 Researches.) Life by H. Pearson, 1819 1766, . 1815 
 
 Buchanan, George. Scotch Historian and Poet. {History 
 
 of Scotland.) Life by Dr. David Irving, 1807 1506. .1582 
 
 Buchanan, Walter. Writer on Art 1777?. 1864 
 
 Buchner, Augustus. Professor at Wittenberg 1591 • • 1661 
 
 Buchner, John Andrew Elias. German Medical Writer 1701 . .1769 
 Bucholtzer, Abraham. Ger. Divine. {Jndex Chronolog.) ii,2g. .1^84. 
 
 Buchon, John Alexander. Historical Writer 1791- .1846 
 
 Buchoz, Peter Joseph, of Metz. Naturalist 1731 . . 1807 
 
 Buck, Sir George. Antiquary. {Life of Richard If I.). — ..1622? 
 Buckeridge, John. Bp. of Ely. {De Potestate Papce) . — ..1631 
 Buckhurst, Thos. Sackville, Lord. Statesm. and Poet. 1527. .1608 
 Buckingham, Geo. Villiers, First Duke of. Lord High 
 
 Admiral. Assassinated. L. by Sir H. Wotton, 1642. 1592, .1628 
 Buckingham, Geo. Villiers, son, 2d Duke of. Courtier. . 1627. .1688 
 Buckingham, James Silk. Traveler. Life by self.. . . . 1786. .1855 
 
 Buckingham and Chandos, Richard, First Duke of 1776. .1839 
 
 Buckingham and Chandos, Richard, Second Duke of.. — . .1861 
 Buckinghamshire, John Sheffield, Duke of. Poet. . . . . 1649. .1720 
 
 Buckink, Arnold. German Engraver fl. 1450? 
 
 Buckland, William, D. D. DeanofWestm. Geologist. . 1784. .1856 
 
 Buckle, Henr}' Thomas. {History of Civilization) 1822. . 1862 
 
 Buckminster, Joseph Stephens. American Divine 1784. ,1812 
 
 Bucquet, John Baptist Mary. Fr. Experimental Philos. 1746. .1780 
 
 BudsBUS, or Bude, William. Critic. {De Asse) 1467. .1540 
 
 BuddsBus, John Francis, of Jena. Theol. {Ger. Hist. Diet.) 1667. .i72g 
 
 Budgell, Eustace. Writer. {Lives of the Boyles) 1685?. 1736 
 
 Buffalmacco, Buonamico. Italian Historical Painter. . . 1262. .1340 
 BuflBLer, Claude. French Writer 1661 . . 1 7^7 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 75 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 BujBEbn, Geo. Louis Le Clerc, Count de. Naturalist. Life 
 
 by Joseph Aude, 1788; M. Humbert-Bazile, 1863 1707. .1788 
 
 Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas Robert, Duke 
 
 d'Isly. French Marshal 1784. .1849 
 
 Bugenhagen, John. Pomeranus. Reformer. Life by 
 Vincentius, 1558; Jaencke, 1730; Lange, 1731; En- 
 gelcken, 1817 ; Koch, 1817; Zietz,1829; Biesner, 1837 1485. .1558 
 
 Bugiardini, Julian. Painter of Florence 1481 . . 1556 
 
 Buhle, John Theophilus. German Philosopher 1763. . 1821 
 
 Buister, Philip. Sculptor of Brussels 1595 . . 1688 
 
 Bukentop, Henry van, of Antwerp. Controv. Divine. . . — ..1716 
 Biilgarin, Thaddeus. Russian Novelist and Essayist . . . 1789. . — 
 
 Bulkley, Charles. Baptist Divine 1719.. 1797 
 
 Bull, Geo. Bp. of St. David's. L. by Robert Nelson, 1717 1634. .1710 
 
 Bull, John, Mus. DOCT. Composer 1563^ . 1622? 
 
 Bullant, John. French Architect 1520'. 1578 
 
 Buller, Right Honorable Charles. Statesman 1806. .1848 
 
 Buller, Sir Francis. Judge. {Introduction to Nisi Prius) 1745. -1800 
 Bullet, J. Bapt. Theologian and Antiquary at Besancjon 1699. .1775 
 
 Bvilleyn, William. Medical Writer at Durham 1500?. 1576 
 
 Btillialdus, or Boulliaud, Ismael. French Astronomer and 
 
 Mathematician. {Philolaus) 1605 . . 1694 
 
 Bulliard, Peter. French Botanist 1742?. 1793 
 
 Bullinger, Henry. Swiss Reformer. Life by Simler, 
 1575; Lavater, 1576: Fels,1600; Ziegler, 1719 ; Hess, 
 
 1828; Franz, 1828 1504.. 1575 
 
 Bulow, Frederick William. Prussian General ^755 • • 1816 
 
 Bulovsr, Baron Henry von. Diplomatist 1790- • 1846 
 
 Bulstrode, Sir Richard. Royalist and Jacobite. — ..1715? 
 
 Bulteau, Louis. French Writer on Monastic History. . . . 1625. .1693 
 Bulwer, John, m. d. ( Chirograpida ; Anihropometamoi'- 
 
 phosis) : fl. 1644 
 
 Bunbury, Henry. Caricaturist — ..1811 
 
 Bunel, Jacob. French Historical Painter. . .• 1558. • 1620? 
 
 Bunel, Peter, of Toulouse. Latin Scholar. {Letters). . . 1499. .1546 
 
 Bunn, Alfred. Theatrical Manager and Author — . . i860 
 
 Bunnick, Jacob van. Battle Painter — • • 1725 
 
 Bunnick, John van, brother. Hist, and Portr. Painter. . 1654. .1727 
 
 Bunon, Robert, of Paris. Dentist 1702 . .1748 
 
 Bunsen, Christian Chas. Josias, Baron. Pruss. Ambass. 1791 . .i860 
 
 Bunting, Jabez. Wesleyan Minister i779- ■ 1858 
 
 Bunyan, John. Life by Ivimey, 1809; Southev; Robert 
 
 Philip, 1839 ; George Offor, 1853 ". 1628. . 1688 
 
 Buonaccorsi, or Pierino del Vaga. Tuscan Painter 1501 . .1547 
 
 Buonaccorsi, Philip. Callimaco. Italian Latin Writer. 1437.. 1496 
 
 Buonafede, Appian. Italian Philosophical Writer 1716..1793 
 
 Buonamici, Castruccio. Italian Historical Writer 1710. .1761 
 
 Buonamici, Lazarus, of Padua. Latin Poet and Writer. 1479.. 1552 
 Buonamico di Christofano. Bvffalmacco. Flor. Painter 1262. .1340 
 Buonaparte. See Bonaparte. 
 
 Buonarotti, Michael Angelo. Painter, Sculptor, Archi- 
 tect. Life by R. Duppa, 1806 1474. .1564 
 
 Buonarotti, Michael Angelo, jun. Dramatist 1568. . 1646 
 
 Buonfiglio, Joseph Constant. {Hist, of Sicily and Venice) fl. 1604 
 
76 A BRIEF BIOGRAPPIICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Buoninsegni, Duccio di. Painter of Siena — ..1340? 
 
 Buonmattei, Benedict. Florentine Grammarian 1581 . . 1647 
 
 Buononcini, J. Baptist. Musical Composer — . .1750? 
 
 Buontalenti, Bernard. Girandole. Florentine Painter, 
 
 Sculptor, Architect 1536. . 1608 
 
 BuraneUo. Balthasar Galuppi. Composer 1703. .1785 
 
 Burbage, Richard. Shakespearian Actor — . . 1629 
 
 Burchard, John, of Wesel. Reformer — . . 1482 
 
 Burctiiello, Dominic, of Florence. Burlesque Poet — ..1448 
 
 Burckhardt, John Charles. German Astronomer '^773 • .1825 
 
 Biirckliardt, John Louis. Swiss Traveler 1784. . 1817 
 
 Burder, George. Dissenting Preacher. ( Village Sermons) 1752. .1832 
 
 Burdett, Sir Francis, m. p. Politician 1770. . 1844 
 
 Burdon, William. {Materials for Thinhing) 1764. .1818 
 
 Bure, Catherine. Swedish Scholar 1602?. 1679 
 
 Bure, William Francis de, of Paris. Bibliographer 1731. .1782 
 
 Buren, Martin van. See Van Buren 1782. . 1862 
 
 Burette, Peter John. French Archaeologist 1665 . . 1 747 
 
 Burger, Godf. Aug. German Poet. {Wild Huntsman)., ly^i. .I'jg^ 
 
 Burgersdieius, Francis. Dutch Logician 1590. . 1629 
 
 Burgas, George. Greek Scholar and Dramatist 1786. . 1864 
 
 Burgess, DanieL Dissenting Preacher 1645 . .1713 
 
 Burgess, John. Painter in Water Colors 1788?. 1863 
 
 Burgess, Thos. Bp. of Salisb. L. by C. J. Harford, 1839 1756. .1837 
 
 Burggrave, John Philip. German Medical Writer 1700. .1775 
 
 Burgh, Hubert de. Statesman. — , . 1243 
 
 Burgh, James. Writer. {Dignity of Human Nature) . . . 1714. .1775 
 Burgh, Ulick de, Marquess of Clanricarde. {Memoirs 
 
 of Irish Rebellion) — . . 1657 
 
 Burgkraair, John. German Painter and Wood Engraver 1474. .1543 
 
 Burgoyne, John. General. Dramatic Writer — . .1792 
 
 Burgundy, Louis, Duke of. Grandson of Louis XIV. ; 
 
 Dauphin 1682. .1712 
 
 Buridan, John. Philosopher and Schoolman — . .1358? 
 
 Burigny, John Levesque de. Hist, and Biog. Writer. . . 1692. .1785 
 Burke, Edmund. Statesman. L. by McCormick, 1797 ; 
 Bisset, 1798; Jas. Prior, 1824; T. Macknight; Geo. 
 Croly, 1840; Sergeant Burke; Joseph Napier, 1862.. . 1729. .1797 
 
 Burke, Robert O'Hara. Australian Explorer — . . 1861 
 
 Burkitt, Wm. ( Expos, of N. Test.) L. by Parkhurst, 1704 1650. .1703 
 
 Burlamaqui, John James. Civilian 1694. .1748 
 
 Burleigh, Wm. Cecil, Lord. Lord Treasurer. See Cecil 1520. .1598 
 Burley, Walter. English Priest and Aristotelian Scholar 1275. .1357 
 Burlington, Richard Boyle, Thii-d Earl of. Architect. . . 1695. -1753 
 Burman, Nicholas Lawrence. Botanist. (/7ora /m/jca) 1734. .1793 
 Burmann, Francis. Theologian at Utrecht. ( On the 
 
 . Pentateuch) 1628 . . 1679 
 
 Burmann, Francis, son. Theologian at Utrecht. {Per- 
 secution of Diocletian) 1671 . . 1 719 
 
 Burmann, Gaspar. Historian. {Trajectum Ervditum).. — ••i755 
 Burmann, John. Dutch Botanist and Physician. ( The- 
 saurus Zeylanicus) 1 707 . . 1 780 
 
 Bxirmann, Peter. Dutch Philologist 1668. .1741 
 
 Burmann, Peter. Secundus. Professor at Franeker — 1 714.. 1778 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 77 
 
 BORN, DIED. 
 
 Burn, Rev. Richard, ll. d. Law Writer. (Justice) 1720?. 1785 
 
 Buirnes, Sir Alexander. Diplomatist in India 1805 . . 1841 
 
 Burnet, Gilbert. Bishop of Salisbury (1689-1715). Life 
 
 by Le Clerc, 1715 ; Flexman 1643.. 1715 
 
 Burnet, Rev. Thomas, ll. d. (Be Statu Moriuorum.) 
 
 Life by Ralph Heathcoat, 1759 1635?. 1715 
 
 Burnet, Rev. Thomas, D. D. Divine. (Ansiverto Tindal) — ..1750 
 Burnet, Sir Thos., son of Gilbei-t. Judge & Polit. Writ. — . .1753 
 Burnett, Gilbert Thos. Botanist. ( Outlines of Botany). 1800. .1835 
 Burnett, Jas., Ld. Monboddo. ( Orig. and Prog, of Lang.) 1714. .1799 
 
 Burnett, John. Scottish Judge and Writer on Law 1764. .1810 
 
 Burney, Charles. Classical Critic i757- .1817 
 
 Burney, Dr. Charles. {History of Music.) Life by Ma- 
 dame D'Arblay, 1832 1726. . 1814 
 
 Burney, Frances. See Madame D'Arblay. Novelist. . . 1752. .1840 
 Burney, Jas. Rear-Adm. ( Hist, of Voyages of Discov.) 1759. .1821 
 
 Burney, William, lld. {Naval Heroes) 1762. . 1832 
 
 Bumouf, Eugene. French Orientalist '. , 1801 . . 1852 
 
 Burns, John, M. D., of Glasgow. {Evid. of Christianity) . . 1780. . 1850 
 Burns, Robert. Poet. Life by James Currie, 1825 ; J. G. 
 
 Lockhart; Allan Cunningham; R. Chambers i759- -1796 
 
 Burr, Aaron. Third Vice-President of the United States 1756. .1836 
 
 Burrhus, Afranius. Roman Commander — .. 62 
 
 Burrough, Edward. Quaker Preacher 1634. . 1663 
 
 Burrouglis, Jer., of Tivetshall. Puritan Div. ( On Hosea) 1 599 . . 1646 
 Burroughs, Sir John. Garter King. {Sovereignty of Seas) — ..1643 
 
 Burrow, Sir James. Law Writer 1701 . .1782 
 
 Burrow, Reuben. Mathematician — • • 1 79i 
 
 Burton, Cassibelan. Translator of Martial 1609. . 1681 
 
 Burton, Edw., D. D. Reg. Professor. {Greek Testament) lyg^. .iS^S 
 Burton, Henry. SuiFerer with Bastwick and Prynne... . 1579''. 1648 
 Burton, Hezekiah. Prebendary of Norwich. Divine.... — ..1681 
 Burton, John, D.D. Fell, of Eton. { Opuscula Miscellanea) 1696.. 1 771 
 Bvirton, John, m. d. Antiquary. {Eccles. Hist, of York) 1697. .1771 
 
 Burton, Rev. Robert. {Anatomy of Melancholy) 1576. . 1640 
 
 Burton, Wm. Topog. and Antiq. {Hist. Leicestershire) 1575. .1645 
 Burton, Wm., of Kingston. .Schol. ( Grcecce Linguce Hist.) 1609. .1657 
 
 Burton, William, m. d. {History of Yorkshire) 1697?. 1759 
 
 Bury, Arthur, d. d. Rector of Exeter College. Socinian. 
 
 {Naked Gospel) fl. 1665 
 
 Bury, Mrs. Eliz. Hebraist and Scholar. L. by Sam. Bury 1644. .1720 
 
 Bury, Richard de. See Angarville 1287? . 1345 
 
 Bus, Caesar de. Founder of the Fathers of Christ. Doctrine 1544. . 1607 
 Busbec, Augher Ghislen. Busbequius. Trav. & Ambass. 1522. .1592 
 
 Busby, Richard. Master of Westminster School 1606. . 1695 
 
 Busche, Hermann von dem. Buschius. Reviv. of Learn. 1468. .1534 
 
 Buschetto da DulicMo. Greek Architect at Pisa 1025 ^'aft. 1080 
 
 Busching, Anthony Frederick. German Writer 1724. .1793 
 
 BuscMng, John Gust. Theoph., son. Writ, on Literature 1783. . 1829 
 
 Busembaum, Hermann. {Medulla Theologice) 1600. . 1668 
 
 Bushe, Sir Charles Kendal. Chief Justice of Ireland. . . — . . 1843 
 BusheU, Thomas. Master of the Royal Mines. Royalist 1594?. 1674 
 
 BushneU, David. American Inventor 1742?. 1826 
 
 Busleyden, Jerome. Diplomat. ; Frd. of Erasmus & More 1470 . . 1 5 1 7 
 
78 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 BussiSres, John de. French Historian and Latin Poet. . 1607. . 1678 
 
 Bussy d'Amboise, Louis de Clermont de — • • i579 
 
 Bussy, Roger Rabutin, Count of. French Writer 1618. . 1693 
 
 Bute, John Stuart, Third Earl of. Premier 1713- -1792 
 
 Buteo, John. French Mathematician 1492. .1572 
 
 Buti, Francesco di Bartolo da. Commentator on Dante . 1324. . 1406 
 Butler, Alban. {Lives of Saints.) L. by Chas. Butler, 1799 1710. .1773 
 Butler, Charles. Writer on Bees. (Feminine Monarchy) 1560. .1647 
 Butler, Charles. Roman Catholic Writer. (Reminiscences) 1750.. 1832 
 Butler, Jas., Duke of Omiond. Statesman. Life by Carte 1610. . 1688 
 
 Butler, John. Bishop of Hereford. Political Writer 1717..1802 
 
 Butler, Joseph. Bishop of Durham. (Analogy.) Life by 
 
 Bartlett, 1839 ; Rev. F. Steere 1692. .17K2 
 
 Butler, Samuel. Poet. (Hudibras) 1600. . 1680 
 
 Butler, Samuel. Mast, of Shrewsb. Bp. Lichf. (Atlas), lyy^. .1S40 
 
 Butler, Thomas, Earl of Ossory. Commander 1634. . 1680 
 
 Butler, Weeden. Theologian 1742 . . 1823 
 
 Butler, William. Irish Alchemist i534- • 161 7 
 
 Butler, William, m. d. Medical Writer 1726. . 1805 
 
 Butler, Wm. Writer of School Books. ( On the Globes) . 1748 . . 1822 
 Butler, Rev. Wm. Archer, of Dublin. Prof, of Moral Philos. — . . . 1848 
 
 Butt, George, d. d. Divine and Poet 1741 . .1795 
 
 Butter, Nathaniel. Journalist ' — . . 1664 
 
 Buttern, William, M. D. Medical Writer in London .... 1726. . 1805 
 Buttmann, Philip Chas. Ger. Philologist. (Lexilogus) 1764. .iS2g 
 Buttner, Christian WiUiam. Ger. Naturalist and Ph'ilol. 1716. . 1801 
 
 Button, Sir Thomas. Arctic Navigator fl. 1612 
 
 Butts, Sir William. Physician to Henry VIII — • • i545 
 
 Buxbaum, John Christian. German Botanist & Traveler 1694. .1730 
 
 Buxton, Jedediah. Calculator 1704?. 1775? 
 
 Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell. Philanthr. L. by C Buxton 1 786 . . 1845 
 Buxtorf, John. Professor at Basel. ( Thesaurus Linguae 
 
 Htbraicce.) Life by Tossanus, 1630 1564. . 1629 
 
 Buxtorf, John, son. Professor at Basel. (Hehr. Concord.) 1599. .1664 
 
 Buxtorf, John. Orientalist at Basel — . . 1 732 
 
 Buxtorf, John James. Hebraist .' 1645 . .1704 
 
 Buy de Momas, Claude. French Geographer — . .1783 
 
 Buzot, Francis Nicholas Leonard. French Politician 1760. .1793 
 
 Byfleld, or Bifield, Nicholas. Calvinistic Divine 1578?. 1622 
 
 Byles, Mather, d. d. American Clergyman 1706. .1788 
 
 Bynaeus, Anthony. Classical and Historical Scholar 1654. . 1698 
 
 Byng, George, Fii"stVisct. Torrington. Naval Commander 1663. .1733 
 
 Byng, John. Admiral. Shot 1704- -1757 
 
 Bynkershoek, Cornelius van. Civilian 1673. .1763 
 
 Byrge, or Byrgius, Justus. Fr. Mathematical Mechanician 1 549 . . 1632 
 
 Byrne, William. Engraver 1742. .1805 
 
 Byrom, John. Poetical Writer. (Short-hand) 1 691 .. 1763 
 
 Byron, George Gordon, Lord. Poet. Life bv T. Moore ; 
 
 R. C. Dallas: J. Gait, 1825; Noel Byron, 1825; J. W. 
 
 Lake, 1826; E. Brydges, 1828; J. L. Armstrong, 1846. 1788. .1824 
 
 Byron, Hon. John. 'Circumnavigator 1723- -1786 
 
 Bythner, Victorinus. Linguist. (J^yra Prophetica) — aft.1664 
 
 Bzovius, or Bzovski, Abraham. Polish Theologian 1567. .1637 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 79 
 
 c. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Caab, or Cab ben Zohair. Arabian Poet — . . 622 
 
 Caballus, Francis. Medical Writer at Padua — . .1540 
 
 Cabanis, Peter John George. Fr. Phys., Philos., Politician 1757 . .1808 
 
 Cabarrus, Francis. French Financier in Spain 1752. .1810 
 
 Cabassole, Philip de. French Writer; Friend of Petrarch 1305 . .1371 
 
 Cabassut, John. French Canonist 1604. . 1685 
 
 Cabel, or Kabel, Adrian van der. Dutch Painter 1631 . . 1695 
 
 Cabestan, or Cabestaing, William de. Provencal Poet. . — . .1213? 
 
 Cabet, Stephen. French Communist 1788 . . 1856 
 
 Cabot, Sebastian. Navigator. LifebyR. Biddle, 1831 .. 1477?. 1557? 
 Cabral, or Cabrara, Peter Alvarez de. Port. Navigator . . — . .1526? 
 Cabrillo, John Rodriguez. Portuguese Navigator ..... . — ••i543 
 
 Cabrol, Earth. Fr. Anatomist. {AlphabetonAnatomicon)ii,2S^. — 
 Caccia, William. II Montcalvo. Italian Fresco Painter. 1568. .1625 
 Caccini, Julius. Giulio Romano. Italian Musical Comp. 1560?. 1640? 
 
 Cachet, Christopher. Medical Writer 1572. . 1624 
 
 Cadamosto, Louis da. Venetian Navig. L. by Zurla, 1815 1432-'' . 1480? 
 
 Cade, John. Rebel — . . 1450 
 
 Cadell, Thomas. Publisher _ 1742. -1803 
 
 Cadet de Gassicourt, Chas. Louis. {Diet, of Cliemistry) 1769. .1821 
 Cadet de Vaux, Anthony Alexis Francis. French Writer 1743 • • ^^28 
 Cadogan, William, First Earl of. Military Commander . . — ..1726 
 
 Cadogan, William. Medical Writer — . .1797 
 
 Cadogan, Hon. and Rev. Wm. Bromley. L. by Cecil, 1798 1 75 1 . . 1 797 
 
 Cadoudal, George. French Royalist 1769. . 1804 
 
 Cadwaladyr, Casail. Welsh Poet i6th c. 
 
 Ceecilius Statius. Latin Comic Poet — b.c.i68 
 
 Csedmon. Anglo-Saxon Poet — . . 680? 
 
 Caelius Bbodiginus. Italian Scholar 1450?. 1525? 
 
 Csesalpinus, Andrew. Italian Naturalist 1519- • 1603 
 
 Caesar, Caius. Grandson of Augustus B.c.20 A.D.4 
 
 CsBsar, C. Julius. Dictator. Life by Nicholas de Damas, 
 
 1850; Archd. J. Williams, 1854; Napoleon III., 1865. . 100.44B.C. 
 CsBsar, Sir Julius. Civilian. Life by E. Lodge, 1727. . . 1557. .1636 
 
 Csesar, Lucius. Grandson of Augustus b.c.i 7 a.d.2 
 
 Caffa, Melchior. Le Maltais. Roman Sculptor 1631 . . 1687 
 
 Cafifarelli, Gaetano Majorano. Italian Singer 1703. .1783 
 
 Caflaaux, Philip Joseph. {Genealogical Treasury) 1712. .1777 
 
 Caffieri, James. Sculptor — • • i755 
 
 Caffieri, John James. Sculptor 1723. .1792 
 
 CaflB.eri, Philip. Sculptor at Rome 1634. .1716 
 
 Cagliari, Benedict. Painter 1538. .1598 
 
 Cagliari, Paul, brother. Paul Veronese. Painter 1530?. 1588 
 
 Cagliostro, Alexander, Count. Joseph Balsnmo. Impostor 1743. .1795 
 
 Cagnatus, Marsilius. Medical Writer at Rome — . . 1610 
 
 Cagnola, Louis, Marquis. Italian Architect 1762. . 1833 
 
 Cagnoli, Anthony. Italian Astronomer and Philosopher 1743. .1816 
 
 Cahaignes, James. Medical Writer of Caen 1548. . 161 2 
 
 Cahusac, Louis de. French Dramatist 1700. .1759 
 
 Caiet, or Cayet, Peter Victor Palma. French Writer 1525 . . 1610 
 
80 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Caille, Nicholas Louis de la. French Astronomer 1713. .1762 
 
 Caillil, Rene, or Auguste. French Traveler i799- • 1838 
 
 Cairo, Francis. Cavaliere del Cairo. Historical and Por- 
 trait Painter 1598. .1674 
 
 Caius, or Gains. Roman Jurist ti. Antonines 
 
 Caius, or Gains. Ecclesiastical Historian fl. 210"^ 
 
 Caius. Bishop of Rome (283-96) — . . 296 
 
 Caius, Bernard. Italian Medical Writer fl. 1610 
 
 Caius, Kaye, John. Founder of Caius College 1510. .1573 
 
 Caius, Thomas. Master of University College, Oxford . . — ••1572 
 
 Cajetan, Constantine. Italian Benedictine; Writer 1560. .1650 
 
 Cajetan, Thomas de Vio, Cardinal. Theologian 1469. .1534 
 
 Calaber, Quintus. Greek Poet. {Paralipomena) fl. 491 ••' 
 
 Calabrese, Matthias Preti. Italian Painter 1613.. 1699 
 
 Calamy, Benj.,D. D. GYmvohTiiv. {Scrupubus Ccniscience) — ..1686 
 
 Calanay, Edmund. Nonconformist. (Smectymnuus) 1600. .1666 
 
 Calamy, Edm., d. d. Dissent. Div. {Lives of JSfonconf.) 1677. .1732 
 
 Calandrucci, Hyacinth. Roman Painter 1646". .1707 
 
 Calas, John. Protestant of Toulouse ; judicially murdered 1698 . . 1 762 
 Calasio, Marius de. Orient, at Rome. {Heb. Concordance) 1550?. 1620 
 
 Calatrava, Joseph Mary. Spanish Statesman 1781 . . 1846 
 
 Calcagnini, Coelio. Soldier, Poet, and Antiquary. . . , . . . 1479. .1541 
 
 Calcar, or Keikar, John Stephen von. Painter i499- -1546 
 
 Calceolari. Italian Botanist. {Iter Baldi Montis) fl. 1566-86 
 
 Caldara, Anthony. Italian Musical Composer 1678. . 1763 
 
 Caldara, or Polydore da Caravaggio. Painter 1495 . . 1543 
 
 Caldas, Francis'^Joseph. Spanish Naturalist 1773'' • 1^16 
 
 Calder, Sir Robert. Admiral • 1745 • • 1818 
 
 Calderari, Ottone. Italian Architect 1730. . 1803 
 
 Calderini, Domitio. Italian Philologist and Gen. Scholar 1446. . 1478 
 
 Calderon de la Barca, Pedro. Spanish Dramatist 1601 . . 1687 
 
 Calderwood, David. Scot. Presbyt. {Altare Bamascenum) 1575,, 1651? 
 
 Caldwall, Richard. Physician 1513- • 1505 
 
 Caled, or Khaled. Mohammedan Commander — . . 642? 
 
 Calendario, Philip. Venetian Architect and Sculptor. . . fl. 1354'' 
 Calentius, Elisius. Neapol. Poet. {Battle of Fro ffs 4^ Mice) 1450?. 1503 
 
 Calepino, or Da Calepio, Ambrose. Lexicographer 1435 • • 1511 
 
 Caletti, Joseph. 11 Cremonese. Painter 1600?. 1660 
 
 Calhoun, John Caldwell. American Statesman 1782. .1850 
 
 Caliavari, Luke. Italian Painter 1665 . .1715 
 
 Caligny, John Antenor Hue de. French Engineer 1657 . .1731 
 
 Caligvila. Roman Emperor (37-41) 12 . . 41 
 
 CaUxtus, George, of Helmstadt. Lutheran Theologian. 
 
 Life by Dowding, 1864 1586. .1656 
 
 Calkoen van Beek, John Frederick. Dutch Astronomer 
 
 and Mathematician 1772. . 1811 
 
 Callard, J. Baptist, of Caen. {Etymological Med. Lexicon) 1630. .1718 
 
 Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, r. a. Painter 1779. • 1844 
 
 Callcott, John Wall. Musical Composer. Life by Horsley 1766. .1821 
 
 Calleott, Maria (Graham, and Dundas), Lady. 'V\^riter 1788. . 1842 
 
 Calle, John Francis. French Mathematician i744- -1798 
 
 Callenberg, John Henry. Orient, and Promot. of Missions 1694. .1760 
 
 Callett, John Francis. French Mathematician i744- -1798 
 
 Calliacli, Nicholas. Writer at Padua. {De Ludis Scenicis) 1645 . . 1707 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 81 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 CaUicratidas. Spartan Admiral. — B.c.406 
 
 CaUiSres, Francis de, French Statesman and Writer . . . 1645. .1717 
 
 Callimaclius. Alexandrian Grammarian and Poet ■' — B.c.240? 
 
 Callisthenes, of Olynthus. Greek Historian fl. B.c.328? 
 
 Caliistus, Johannes Andronicas, of Constantinople. Pro- 
 moter of Greek Learning in Italy fl. 1453 
 
 OaJlixtus I. Pope (219-22) — . . 222 
 
 Callixtus II. (1119-24.) Guy de Bourgogne — . . 1 124 
 
 Callixtus III. (1455-58.) Alphonse Borgia — . . 1458 
 
 CaUot, James. French Artist and Engraver i593- • 1635 
 
 CaUy, Peter. French Divine and Cartesian Philosopher. — ..1709 
 Calmet, Augustin. [Diet, of Bible,) Life by Dom Fang6 1672. .1757 
 Calmo, Andrew. Venetian Actor and Comic "Writer ... . i5io?.i57i 
 
 Calogiera, Angelo. Italian Scholar 1699. .1768 
 
 Calomarde, Francis Tadeo. Spanish Statesman 1775 . . 1842 
 
 Calonne, Charles Alexander de. French Minister i734- • 1802 
 
 CaloviuSj Abraham. Lutheran Polemical Divine 1612. . 1686 
 
 Calprenede, Gautier de Costes, Seign. de. Romance Writ. 1612-'' . 1663 
 Calpurnius, Titus Julius. Sicilian Latin Pastoral Poet. . fl. ab. 290 
 Calvart, or Calvaert, Denis. Fiammingo. Dutch Painter 1555. .1619 
 Calvert, Geo., First Lord Baltimore. Founder of Maryland 1582. . 1632 
 
 Calvert, James. Nonconformist. {Naphthali) — . . 1698 
 
 Calvidus Lsetus. See Quillet. ( Ccdlipcedia) 1602. . 1661 
 
 Calvin, John. Life by Bungener; Jerome Bolsec, 1572; 
 Beza; Papire Masson; Dr. Paul Henrv, 1835-44, tr. by 
 Stebbing, 1849 ; J. M. V. Audin, 1840"; J. Dyer, 1849 ; 
 
 Strahelin, 1863 1509. .1564 
 
 Calvisius, Seth. German Chronologer 1556. . 161 5 
 
 Calvus, C. Licinius Macer. Roman Advocate and Poet. . 82.46? b.c. 
 
 Camargo, Mary Ann Cuppi. Danger of Brussels 1710..1770 
 
 Camassei, or Camace, Andrew. Italian Painter 1602. . 1648 
 
 Cainbac6res, John James R^gis de. French Statesman. 1753. .1824 
 
 Cambert, Robert. French Musician in England 1628. . 1677 
 
 Cambiaso, Luca. Luchetto of Genoa. Fresco Painter. .. 1527. .1585 
 
 Cambini, Louis. Italian Composer 1746 . . 1832? 
 
 Cambis-Velleron, Joseph Louis Dominic, Marquis de. 
 
 Book Collector and Historian 1706. .1772 
 
 Cambon, Joseph. French Statesman 1754 . . 1820 
 
 Cambridge, Adolphus Fred., Duke of. Son of George III. 1774. .1850 
 Cambridge, Richard, Earl of. Conspirator; beheaded . . — . .1415 
 
 Cambridge, Richard Owen. Writer. {ScriUeriad) 171 7.. 1802 
 
 Cambronne, Peter Jas. Stephen, Baron de. Fr. General 1770. .1^2 
 
 Cambyses. Second King of Persia (b.c. 528-521) — 6.0.521 
 
 Camden, Charles Pratt, First Earl. Lord Chancellor 1713. .1794 
 
 Camden, John Jefiries Pratt, First Marquess. Lord-Lieut. 1759.. 1840 
 Camden, Wm. Antiq. Life by Thos. Smith, 1691 ; Gough 1551 . . 1623 
 
 Camerarius, Joachim. German Scholar and Writer 1500. .1574 
 
 Camerarius, Joachim, son. Botanist i534- -1593 
 
 Cameron, Sir Alan. Colonel of Cameron Highlanders. . . — . .1828 
 Cameron, Donald, grandson of Evan. The Gentle Lochiel — , . 1 748 
 Cameron, Sir Evan. Ld. of Lochiel. Ulysses of the Highlds. — ..1719 
 Cameron, John. Scot. Theologian ; taught in France . . 1580? . 1625 or 6 
 Cameron, Richard. Covenanter. Founder of Cameronians — ..1680 
 Camidge, John, mus. doc. Musical Composer 1790? . 1859 
 
82 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORK. DIED. 
 
 OamiUus, Marcus Furius. Dictator — B.c.365 
 
 Camoens, Louis de. Portuguese Poet. {Lusiad.) Life by 
 
 Adamson, 1820 ' 1524?. 1579 
 
 Campailla, Thomas. Italian Philosopher and Naturalist. 1668. .1740 
 
 Campan, Madame de. Educationist 1752- • 1822 
 
 Campanella, Thos. Ital. Philos. L. by Baldacchini, 1840 1568 . . 1639 
 
 Campani, John Anthony. Italian Scholar 1427 . . 1477 
 
 Campani, Joseph and Matthew. Italian Opticians fl. 17th c. 
 
 Campanus, John, of Navara. Italian Mathematician ... fl. 13th c. 
 
 Campbell, Sir Alexander. Lieutenant-General i759- • 1824 
 
 Campbell, Archib., Marq. Argyle. Covenanter. Beheaded 1598. .1661 
 Campbell, Archib. E. Argyle, son. Royalist. Beheaded — . . 1685 
 Campbell, Archib., Bishop of Aberdeen. {Middle State) —..1744? 
 Campbell, Colin. Architect. {Vdruvius Bnlannictis) . . . — ••i734 
 
 Campbell, Colin, Lord Clyde. Field Marshal 1792. • 1863 
 
 Campbell, George, d. d. Principal of Marischal College. 
 
 ( Gospels ; Miracles.) Life by Dr. Skene Keith 1 719. .1796 
 
 Campbell, Sir James, of Ardkinglas. Life by self, 1832 . . 1 745 . . 1840? 
 Campbell, John, Second Duke of Argyle and Greenwich. 
 
 ;See Argyle and Greenwich 1678. .1743 
 
 Campbell, 'John, ll. d. Historian, Biographer, and Po- 
 litical Writer. {Admirals; Voyages and Travels) 1708.. 1775 
 
 Campbell, John. Admiral — . • i79<5 
 
 Campbell, Rev. John. Missionary to Africa. L. by Philip 1766. .1840 
 Campbell, John, Lord. Lord Chanc. {Livesof the Chanc.) 17S1. .1861 
 Campbell, Rev. John N., d. d. American Clergyman and 
 
 Scholar 1 798 • • 1864 
 
 Campbell, Sir NeiL General; Governor of Sierra Leone. 1770?. 1827 
 CampbeU, Thos., ll. d. Poet. L. by Dr. W. Beattie, 1849 1777. . 1S44 
 
 Campe, Joachim Henry. Germafa Writer 1746. • 1818 
 
 Campeggio, Lorenzo. Cardinal i474- -1539 
 
 Campeggio, Thomas, brother. Ecclesiastical Writer 15CX). .1564 
 
 Campenon, Francis Nicholas "Vincent. French Poet 1772. .1843 
 
 Camper, Peter. Dutch Physician and Naturalist 1722. . 1789 
 
 Camphuysen, Dyrk Theodore RaphaeL Dutch Painter. 1586.. 1627 
 Campi, Anthony. Paint. & Arch. {Hist of Cremona) . bef. 1536 aft.1591 
 Campi, Bernardin. Italian Painter & Writer on Painting 1522. . 1590? 
 
 Campi, Galeas. Italian Painter i475 : • ^SZ^ 
 
 Campi, Julius. Italian Painter 1500?. 1572 
 
 Campi, Vincent. Painter 1532?. 1591 
 
 Campian, Edmund. English Jesuit and Author 1540. . 1581 
 
 Campidoglio, Michael Angelo. Painter at Rome 1610. . 1670 
 
 Campion, Alexander de. French Historical Writer 1610. . 1670 
 
 Campion, or Champion, Thomas. Poet fl. 1604 
 
 Campistron, John Galbert de. French Dramatic Poet . . 1656. .1723 
 Campo, or Campi, q.v., Anthony. ItaL Hist. Writer, .bef.1536 aft 1591 
 
 Campolongo, Emmanuel. Italian Poet 1732- • 1801 
 
 Campomanes, Peter Rodriguez. Spanish Statesman . . . 1723. . 1802 
 
 Campra, Andrew. French Musical Composer 1660. .1744 
 
 Camps, Francis de. Abbe de Ligny. Historical Writer 1643. .1723 
 
 Camuccini, Vincent. Roman Painter 1775?. 1844 
 
 Camus, Anthony le. French Physician and Writer 1722. . 1772 
 
 Camus, Armand Gaston. French Politician 1740- • 1804 
 
 Camus, Charles Stephen Louis. French Mathematician . 1699. .1768 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 83 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Camus, Francis Joseph de. French Mechanician 1672 . .1732? 
 
 Camus, John Peter. Pont Carre. French Prelate 1582. .1652 
 
 Camus, Stephen le. French Cardinal; Writer 1632. .1707 
 
 Camusat, Nicholas. Fr. Historian. {Melanges Historiques) 1575.. 1655 
 Canaletto, or Canale, Anthony. It Tonino. Venet. Paint. 1697, .1768 
 Canani, John Baptist, of Ferrara. The Young. Anatomist 1 5 1 5 . . 1 5 79 
 
 Canaye, Philip de la, Sieur du Fresne. Statesman 1551- .1610 
 
 Cancellieri, Francis Jerome. Ital. Scholar. L. by Beraldi 1751 . . 1826 
 
 Cancrin, George. Russian Statesman ." i774- • 1845 
 
 Candiac, John Louis Ehz. de Montcalm de. Precocious Child 1719. .1726 
 
 Candido, Peter. Dutch Historical Painter 1548''. 1599 
 
 Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de. Botanist 1778. . 1841 
 
 Cane, John Vincent. English Franciscan. Author .... — . . 1672 
 Canga-Arguelles, Joseph. Spanish Statesman & Writer 1770. . 1843 
 
 Cange, Charles du Fresne du. See Du Cange 1610. . 1688 
 
 Cangiago, or Cambisi, Louis. Genoese Painter 1527. . 1585 
 
 Canini, Angelo. Greek Scholar and Orientalist 1521 . . 1557 
 
 Canino, Prince of. See Bonaparte. 
 
 Canisius, Henry. Canonist and Antiquary — . . 1610 
 
 Cauisius, Peter. German Jesuit ; Theologian 1520. .1597 
 
 Camtz,Fred.Rodolphus Louis, Baron von. Poet & Statesm. 1654. .1699 
 Canne, John. English Puritan Divine at Amsterdam ... fl. 1664 
 Canning, Charles J ohn. Earl. Governor-General of India 1812 . . 1862 
 Canning, George. Statesman. Life by A. G. Stapleton, 
 
 1831 ; Robert Bell, 1846 1770. . 1827 
 
 Cano, Alonzo. Spanish Painter 1601 . . 1665 
 
 Cano, John Sebastian del. Spanish Circumnavigator — . .1526 
 
 Cano, Melchior, of Salamanca. {Loci Theologici) 1523. .1560 
 
 Canonica, Louis. Italian Architect 1742. . 1834 
 
 Canoppi, Anthony. Italian Artist in Russia 1773?. 1832 
 
 Canormus. German Mineralogist 1738. . — 
 
 Canova, Anthony. Sculptor. Life by Missirini ; Quatre- 
 
 m^re de Quincy i757- .1822 
 
 Canovai, Stanislaus. ItaUan Ecclesiastic and Historian . . 1 740 . . 181 1 
 Canstein, Charles Hildebrand, Baron. Gennan Printer. . 1667. .1719 
 Cantacuzenus, John. Emp. of Constantinople. Historian 1300? . 141 1 ? 
 
 Cantarini, Simon. II Pezarese. Painter 1612. . 1648 
 
 Cantel, Peter Joseph. Jesuit, of Caux ; Writer 1645 . . 1684 
 
 Cantemir, Antiochus. Russian Ambassador and Poet. . . 1709.. 1744 
 Cantemir, Demetrius. Moldavian Prince. Historian, . . 1673. .1723 
 
 Canter, Theodore. Critic. ( Varice Lectiones) 1545 .. 161 7 
 
 Canter, William, brother. Critic. (A^wce iec^^ones). ... 1542. .1575 
 Canterbury, Charles Manners .Sutton, Visct. Statesman 1780. . 1845 
 
 Canton, John. Experimental Philosopher 1718 . .1772 
 
 Cantoni, Simon. Milanese Architect — ..1818 
 
 Cantwell, Andrew. Medical Writer of Tipperary — . . 1 764 
 
 Canute. King of England and Denmark. The Great.. 995'. 1035 
 
 Canuti, Dominic. Italian Painter 1620. . 1678 
 
 Capaccio, Julius Caesar. Italian Historical Writer 1560. .1631 
 
 Capasso, Nicholas. Italian Theologian, Jurist, and Poet 1671 . .1745 
 Capece-Latro, Joseph. Italian Prelate and Statesman. . 1744. .1836 
 
 Capecio, Scipio. Neapolitan Latin Poet — . .1562? 
 
 Capel, Arthur, Ld. Royalist; behead. {Dnily Meditations) 1600?. 1649 
 Capel, Arthur, Earl Essex. Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. . 1635 . . 1683 
 
84 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOBK. DIED. 
 
 Capell, Edward. Editor of Shakespeare 1713..1781 
 
 Capella, Galeas Flavius. Italian Historian 1487. -1537 
 
 Capella, Guarino. Italian Macaronic Poet fl. i6th c. 
 
 Capella, Marcianus Mineus Felix. Roman Polygrapher. . fl. 5th c. 
 Capellen, G. A. G. P. van der. Dutch Gov. ofE. Indies. 1778. . 1848 
 
 Capello, Bianca. Wife of Cosmo de' Medici 1542?. 1587 
 
 Capellus, or Cappel, Louis. French Divine and Hebraist 1585 . . 1658 
 
 Capilupus, Laelius. Latin Poet • 1498. . 1560 
 
 Capistran, St. John de. Neapol. Preacher against Heresy 1385 . . 1458 
 Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius. Reformer and Scholar .... 1478. . 1541 
 
 Capitolinus, Julius. Roman Historian fl. 3d. c. 
 
 Capmany y Montpalau, Anthony de. Spanish Philolo- 
 gist and Historian 1742. . 1813 
 
 Capo d'Istria, John Anthony, Count of 1776. . 1831 
 
 Caporali, Caesar. French Comic Poet 1531 . . 1601 
 
 Capozzoli, Dominic, Patrick, and Donlo. Neapolitan 
 
 Patriot Brothers — . . 1829 
 
 Cappe, Newcome. Dissenting Divine. ( On Providence) 1733. .1800 
 
 Cappel, James. French Jurisconsult — . .1542 
 
 Cappel, James. French Jurisconsult 1525 . .1586 
 
 Cappel, James. French Theologian 1570- • 1624 
 
 Cappel, Louis. French Protestant Theologian i534- .1586 
 
 Cappel, Louis. French Theol. {Arcanum Punctuationis) 1585. .1658 
 
 Cappel, William. French Theologian fl.i5th c. 
 
 Cappel, William. French Writer i530- • 1586 
 
 Cappello, Bernard. Italian Poet 1500?. 1565 
 
 Capperonier, Claude. French Scholar 1671 . . 1744 
 
 Capponl, Seraphino Annibal. Theologian 1 536. . 1614 
 
 Caprara, John Baptist. Cardinal. ^733* • ^^^° 
 
 Caracalla. Emperor of Rome (211-17) 188.. 217 
 
 Caracci, Annibal. Painter 1560 . . 1609 
 
 Caracci, Anthony. Venetian Painter 1583 . . 1618 
 
 Caracci, Augustine. Painter 1558 . . 1602 
 
 Caracci, Francis. Franceschini. Italian Designer i595 • • 1622 
 
 Caracci, Louis. Painter i555 • • 1619 
 
 Caraccio, Anthony. Italian Poet. (Coradino) 1630.. 1702 
 
 Caraccioli, Francis. Neapolitan Admiral; hanged 1770. .1799 
 
 Caraccioli, Louis Anth. Fr. Writ. {Letters of Ganganelli) 1 721 .. 1803 
 
 Caraccioli, Robert. French Divine and Politician 1425 . . 1495 
 
 Caractacus. British Chief fl. 51 
 
 Caradog. Historian. ( Chronicle of Wales) — . . 1 1 56? 
 
 Caraglio, John James. Italian Engraver 1500?. 157 1 
 
 Caramuel de Lobkowitz, John. Controversialist 1606. . 1682 
 
 Carausius. Usurper of the Empire in Britain (287-93). . 250?. 293 
 Caravaggio, Michael Angelo da. Amerighi. Painter.. . 1569. .1609 
 
 Caravaggio, Polidoro da. Caldara. Painter 1495 . . 1543 
 
 Carcavi, Peter de. Mathematician and Bibliographer .. . — ..1684 
 Cardan, Jerome. Phys. and Mathem. L. by Morley, 1852 1501. .1576 
 Cardi, Louis. Civoli,or Cigoli. Tuscan Paint. & Engrav. 1559. .1613 
 
 Cardon, Anthony. Belgian Engraver 1772. . 1813 
 
 Cardonne, Denis Dominic de. Orientalist 1720. . 1783 
 
 Carduccio, or Carducho, Bartholomew. Italian Painter, 
 
 Architect, Sculptor, in Spain 1560. . 1610 
 
 Carduccio, Vincent, brother. Italian Painter in Spain. . 1568. . 1638 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 85 
 
 BORK. DIED. 
 
 CardweU, Rev. Dr. Edward, of Oxford. ( Conferences). . 1 787 . . 1861 
 
 Careme, Mary Anthony. French Cook 1784. . 1833 
 
 Carew, Sir Alexander. Republican Politician — ..1644 
 
 Oarew, Barapfylde Moore. King of Beggars. L. by Goadby 1693 . .1770- 
 
 Carew, Sir George. Ambassador. {Negotiations) — . . 1613 
 
 Carew, George, Earl of Totness. {Pacata Hihernia) 1557- • 1629 
 
 Carew, Sir Peter. Life by J. Maclean — . .1575 
 
 Carew, Richard. {Survey of Cornwall) i555-- 1620 
 
 Carew, Thomas. Poet 1589?. 1639? 
 
 Carey, Henrj^, 2d E. Monmouth. Writer and Translator 1596. .1661 
 
 Carey, Henry. Musician and Poet — . .1743 
 
 Carey, Matthew. American Publisher and Author 1760. . 1839 
 
 Carey, Robert. First Earl of Monmouth. {Memoirs). .. — . .1639 
 Carey, Dr. William. Baptist Missionary in India. Life 
 
 by J. C. Marshman, 1859 ; Eustace Carey 1761 . .1834 
 
 Carez, Joseph. French Printer I753' • 1801 
 
 CargiU, Donald. Scotch Presbyterian and Covenanter. . i6io?.i68i 
 
 Carinus, Emperor of Rome (283-85) — . . 285 
 
 Carissimi, John James. Roman Musical Composer. . .1582. aft.1672 
 Carleton, Sir Dudley, Ld. Dorchester. Statesm. {Letters) 1573. .1632 
 
 Carleton, George. Bishop of Chichester i559- • 1628 
 
 Carleton, Sir Guy, Lord Dorchester. General 1724. . 1808 
 
 Carli, John Rinaldo. Italian Antiquary 1720. .1795 
 
 CarUngford, Theobald Taafe, Earl of — . . 1677 
 
 Carlini, Augustine. Italian Painter in England — ..1790 
 
 Carlini, Francis. Italian Astronomer 1785 ''.1862 
 
 Carlino, Charles Anthony Bertinazzi. Italian Harlequin 171 3. .1783 
 
 Carlisle, Sir Anthony. Surgeon and Physiologist 1768. .1840 
 
 Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of; uncle of Byron 1748. .1825 
 Carlisle, George William Frederick Howard, SeventhEarl 
 
 of, and Lord Morpeth. Statesman 1802. . 1864 
 
 Carlisle, Nicholas. Antiquary 1771 • • 1847 
 
 Carlone, John. Genoese Painter 1590 . . 1630 
 
 Carlos, Don. Infant of Spain and Pretender 1788. .1855 
 
 Carlstadt, Andrew Bodenstein. Prot. Oppon. of Luther. 1483?. 1 541 
 Carlyle, Rev. Alexander, d.d. {Memoirs of his Own Time) 1721 . .1805 
 
 Carlyle, Rev. Joseph Dacre. Orientalist and Poet i759- • i^4 
 
 C9xlyon.,C\em&a.t.,M.T). {Early Years and Late Reflections) — ..1864 
 
 Carraagnola, Francis. Bussone. Italian General 1390''. 1432 
 
 Carmer, John Henry Casimir, Ct. Prussian Statesman. . 1721. .1801 
 Carmichael, Frederick. Scotch Divine. (Sermons ).,».. 1708. .1751 
 
 Carmicliael, Gerrhom. Scottish Writer 1682. ,1738 
 
 Carmichael, Richard. Surgeon and Medical Writer 1779. -1849 
 
 Carmontelle. French Writer. {Proverbs) 1717 • • 1806 
 
 Carnarvon, Henry John George Herbert, Third Earl of. 
 
 Author, Traveler, and Politician 1800 . . 1849 
 
 Came, John. Traveler. {Lives of Missionaries) 1789. . 1844 
 
 Carneades, of Cyrene. Philosopher 213? . 129 B.C. 
 
 Carnegie, Sir Robert, of Kinnaird. Statesman & Lawyer — . .1566 
 Carnot, Lazare Nicholas Marguerite. Math, and Statesm. 1753. .1823 
 
 Caro, Annibal. Italian Poet ■ 1507. .1566 
 
 Carolan, Turlough O'. Irish Poet and Musical Composer 1670. .1738 
 
 Caroline, of Anspach. Queen of George 1 1682. .1737 
 
 Caroline, of Brunswick. Queen of George IV 1 768 . . 1821 
 
86 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark 1 751 ,. 1775 
 
 Caroto, John Francis. Italian Painter 1470. .1546 
 
 Carov6, Frederick "William. German Critical Writer . . . 1789. .1852 
 Carpani, Joseph. Italian Dramatist and Writer on Music 1752. .1825 
 
 Carpenter, Dr. Lant. Unitarian Divine 1780. . 1840 
 
 Carpenter, Rev. Nathaniel. Writer 1588 . . 1628? 
 
 Carpentier, Peter. (Supplement to Du Cange) 1697 . .1767 
 
 Carpentier, French Arithmetician ' 1739?. 1778 
 
 Carpi, Hugo da. Paint. & Engrav. ; Invent, of Chiaroscuro i486? .1530 
 
 Carpi, Jerome da. Painter of Ferrara 1501 . .1556 
 
 Carpini, John de Piano. Italian Traveler in Tartary fl. 1245-48 
 
 Carpocrates, or Carpocras. Alexandrian Theologian ... fl. 2d c. 
 
 Carpone, Julius. Painter 1611 . . 1674 
 
 Carpzov, Benedict. Professor of Law at Wittemberg. . . 1565. .1624 
 Carpzov, John Bened., sen. Lutheran Divine at Leipsic 1607. .1657 
 Carpzov, John Bened., jr. Biblical & Rabbinical Writer 1639. .1699 
 
 Carpzov, John Gottlob. Lutheran Orientalist J679. .1767 
 
 Carr, John, of York. Architect 1721 . . 1807 
 
 Carr, Sir John. Attorney & Writ. {Stranger in France) 1772. .1832 
 Carr, or Ker, Robert, Viscount Rochester, Earl of Somer- 
 set. Favorite of James I — . . 1645 
 
 Carr, Rev. William Holwell. Picture Collector 1759. .1830 
 
 Carra, John Louis. French Revolutionist i743- -1793 
 
 Carracci. See Caracci. 
 
 Carranza, Bartholomew. Abp. of Toledo and Writer .. . 1503.. 15 76 
 
 CaiT6, Louis. French Mathematician 1663. . i7ii 
 
 Carrel, J. Bapt. Nich. Armand. French Political Writer 1800. .1836 
 
 Carrenno de Miranda, John de. Spanish Painter 1614. . 1685 
 
 Carrer, Louis. Italian Poet. 1801 . . 1850 
 
 Cairera, Peter. Sicilian Writ, on Chess, {ffist. of Catana) js,yi. .1647 
 Carreri, John Francis Gemelli. Neapolitan Traveler. 
 
 ( Gii'O del Mondo) 165 1 . . 1 725 
 
 Carrier, John Baptist. French Revolutionist 1756. .1794 
 
 Carriera, Rosalba. Female Painter 1675 . . 1757 
 
 Carrieres, Louis de. French Biblical Commentator 1662. .1717 
 
 Carrington, Noel Thomas. Poet. (Dartmoor) 1777.. 1830 
 
 Cairo, John de. Champion of Vaccination 1770. -1857 
 
 CatToll, Chas., of CarroUton. Amer. Revolutionary Patriot 1737. . 1832 
 Carroll, John. First Rom. Cath. Abp. in United States 1735. .1815 
 Carron, Guv Toussaint Julian. {Reflexions Chretiennes). 1760. .1821 
 Carstairs, lR*v. William. (State Papers.) Life by 
 
 M'Cormick, 1774 1649. .1715 
 
 Carstens, Asmus Jacob. Danish Painter 1754. .1790 
 
 Carsughi, Rainer. Tuscan Jesuit; Latin Poet and Writer 1647. .1709 
 
 Carte, Rev. Samuel. Chronologist 1652. .1740 
 
 Carte, Thomas. Historian 1686. .1754 
 
 Carter, Mrs. Elizabeth. Writer. L. by Pennington, 1816 1717. .1806 
 CaxteTfYrancis. Writ. (Journey frojn Malaga to Gibraltar) — .-1783 
 
 Carter, James Gordon. American Educationist i795 • • ^^49 
 
 Carter, John. Artist, Architect, and Antiquary. Life 
 
 by J. W. Dampier, 1850 1748.. 1818 
 
 Carter, Nathaniel Hazeltine. American Writer 1787. . 1830 
 
 Carter, Thomas. Musical Composer 1768. . 1804 
 
 Carteret, Sir George. Loyalist i599- • 1679 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIO*NARY. 87 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Carteret, John, Earl Granville. Orator and Statesman.. 1690. .1763 
 
 Cajteret, Philip. Navigator fl. 1766-69 
 
 Carteromaco, Scipio. Greek Scholar at Venice 1467- -15^3 
 
 Cartes, Rene des. See Descartes 1596. • 1650 
 
 Cartier, or Quartier, James. Fr. Navig. & Explorer. . 1494. aft. 1536 
 
 Cartouche, Louis Dominic. French Bandit 1693 . . 1721 
 
 Cartwright, Christopher. Divine and Hebraist 1602?. 165? 
 
 Cartwright, Rev. Dr. Edmund. Poet. Inventor of 
 
 Power Loom. {Armine and Elvira) I743- • 1^23 
 
 Cartwriglit, Major John. Polit. Wr. L.by his niece, 1826 1740. .1824 
 
 Cartvsrright, Thomas. Puritan Divine ^S3S^- 1603 
 
 Cartwright, William. Divine and Poet 1611 . . 1643 
 
 Carus. Emperor of Rome (282-83) 223? . 2S3 
 
 Caruso, Louis. Neapolitan Musical Composer 1754.aft.1800 
 
 Carvajal, Thos. Jos. Gonzalez. Span. Statesman & Author 1753. . 1834 
 Carvalho da Costa, Anthony. ( Corograpida Portugiiese) i6^o- -1715 
 Carvalho da Silva, Joseph.' Spanish Writer & Publicist 1782. .1845 
 
 Carver, John. First Governor of Plymouth Colony — ..1621 
 
 Carver, Capt. Jona. Traveler. L. by Dr. Lettsom, 1781 1732. .1780 
 Cary, Col. Archibald. American Patriot and Statesman 1730.. 1786 
 
 Cary, Felix, of Marseilles. Medallic Historian 1699. .1754 
 
 Cary, Henry. 1st Visct. Falkland. Ld. Deputy of Ireland — ••1633 
 
 Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth. Translator i^f^S"^ . 1661 
 
 Cary, Rev. Henry Francis. Translator of Dante. Life by 
 
 Rev. H. Cary 1772. .1844 
 
 Cary, Lott. Co-founder of Liberia 1710. .1828 
 
 Cary, Lucius. Viscount Falkland; fell at Newbury i6io?.i643 
 
 Cary, Robert, LL.D. Chronologist. {Palxologia Chronica)' 161 5?. 1688 
 Caryl, Joseph. Nonconf. Divine. {Commentary on Job) 1602. .167^ 
 
 CaryU, John. Earl Caryll. Poet — ..1717? 
 
 Casa, John de la. Italian Writer. ( Galateo) 1503- • liS^ 
 
 Casanova, Francis. Painter 1727 • • 1805 
 
 Casanova, James. Adventurer 1725 • • 1803 
 
 Casanova, John Baptist. Painter 1730.. 1798 
 
 Casanova, Mark Anthony. Latin Poet 1476. . 1527 
 
 Casas, Bartholomew de las. Spanish Missionary to South 
 
 America. {History of Indies) i474- -1566 
 
 Casati, Paul. • Italian Jesuit. Mathematician 161 7 . . 1 707 
 
 Casaubon, Isaac. Critic and Commentator i559- • 1614 
 
 Casaubon, Meric, D. D., son. Writer. {Enthusiasm).. . 1599.. 1671 
 Casca, P. Servilius. Conspirator against Julius.Csesar, . . ist c. B.C. 
 Case, John. Physician and Philosopher. {Summa Vete- 
 
 rum Interpretum) — . . 1600 
 
 Case, Thomas. Nonconformist Divine 1598?. 1682 
 
 Casel, John. German Writer i533- • 1613 
 
 Caseneuve, Peter de. French Antiquary 1591 • • 1652 
 
 Cases, Count de. See Las Cases ' 1766.. 1842 
 
 Cases, Peter James. French Painter 1676. .1754 
 
 Casimir I. King of Poland (1040-58) — . . 1058 
 
 Casimirll. The Just. King of Poland (1177-94) 1117..1194 
 
 Casimir III. The Great. King of Poland (1333-70) . . . 1309 . , 1370 
 
 Casimir IV. King of Poland (1447-92) 1428 . . 1492 
 
 Casimir V. John. Cardinal. King of Poland (1648-68) 1609. .1672 
 Casimir Sarbievius. Polish Lyric Poet i595 • • 1^40 
 
88 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DrED. 
 
 Casiri, Michael. Spanish Orientalist 1710. . 1791 
 
 Caslon, William. Letter Founder 1692 . .1766 
 
 Cassagues, James. French Poet 1636 . , 1679 
 
 Cassana, John Augustine. Animal Painter 1664. .1720 
 
 Oassana, Nicholas, brother. Italian Painter 1659. .1713 
 
 Cassander. General of Alexander. King of Macedon . . 354 . 296 B.C. 
 
 Cassander, Francis. French Classical Translator — . . 1695 
 
 Cassander, George. German Theologian. (Consuliatio) i^j^. .1^66 
 
 Cassandra, Fidele. Venetian Scholar 1465?. 1558 
 
 Cassentino, James di. Florentine Painter 1276. .1356 
 
 Casserio, Julius, of Placentia. Anatomist i545 • • 1616 
 
 Cassiani, Julian. Italian Lj^ric Poet 1712. . 1778 
 
 Cassianus, Joannes. Joannes Massiliensis, or Joannes 
 
 Eremiia. Christian Teacher of the Early Church .... — aft. 433 
 Cassini, Alexander Henry Gabriel, Count de, son of James 
 
 Dominic. Magistrate and Naturalist .... 1781 . . 1832 
 
 Cassini de Thury, Caesar Francis, son of James. Astron. 1714. .1784 
 
 Cassini, James, son of John Dominic. Astronomer 1677. .1756 
 
 Cassini, James Dominic, Count de, son of Cses. F. Astron. 1747. . 1845 
 
 Cassini, John Dominic. French Astronomer Royal 1625. .1712 
 
 Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius. Statesman and Writer. 
 
 Life by Denis Sainte Marthe, 1694 ' 468?. 568? 
 
 Cassius, Longinus Caius. Murderer of Caesar — b.c. 42 
 
 Cassivelaunus. British Chief fl. b.c. 54 
 
 Castagno, Andreas del. Historic Painter 1409? . 1480? 
 
 Castaldi, Cornelius. Italian Poet 1480?. 1537 
 
 Castalio, Sebastian. Martin Bellius. Genevese Theologian 1 5 1 5 . . 1 563 
 Castanheda, Ferdinand Lopez de. Portuguese Historian 1 501?. 1559 
 Castanos, Francis Xavierde, Duke of Baylen. Span. Gen. 1756.. 1852 
 
 Casteels, Peter. Painter of Antwerp 1684. .1749 
 
 Castel, Louis Bertrand. Jesuit of Montpellier; Mathem. 1688. -1757 
 
 Castell, Rev. Edmund.^ {Lexicon Heptaglottmi) 1606. . 1685 
 
 Castellane, Esprit V. E- B. Count de. Marshal of France 1788. .1862 
 
 Castelli, Benedict. Italian Mathematician i577- • 1644 
 
 Castelli, Bernard. Italian Painter and Engraver I557-- 1629 
 
 Castelli, Valerio, son. Painter 1625 . . 1659 
 
 Castellio, Sebastian. French Theologian iS^S-- — 
 
 Castello, Gabriel Lancelot Sicilian Antiquary 1727. . 1794 
 
 Castelnau, Henrietta Julia de, Ctss. de Murat. Fr. Writer 1670. . 1716 
 
 Castelnau, Michael de. Statesman. {Memoirs) 1520?. 1592 
 
 Castelvetro, Louis. Italian Scholar 1505 . .1571 
 
 Casti, John Baptist. Italian Poet 1721 . . 1803 
 
 Castiglione, Balthazar. Statesm. & Poet. {II Cortegiano) 1478. .1529 
 Castiglione, John Benedict. II Grechetto. Genoese Paint. 1616 . . 1670 
 Castiglione, or Castaglione, Joseph. Poet and Critic. . . — . .1616 
 
 Castillejo, Christoval de. Spanish Poet — . . 1556? 
 
 CastiUo y Saavedra, Antonio del. Spanish Painter 1603. . 1667 
 
 Castillo, Fred. de. Spanish Writer on Dominican Order. 1529?. 1593 
 
 Castillo, John Baptist. II Bergamasco. Painter 1500. .1570 
 
 CasUemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of — . .1705 
 
 Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount, Second Marquess 
 
 of Londonderry. Life by Alison 1769. . 1822 
 
 Castracani. See Castrucoio 1284. . 1328 
 
 Castr6n, Matthias Alexander. Finnish Philologist 1813. . 1852 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 89 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Castries, C. E. G. de la Croix, Count de. French General 1727. . 1801 
 Castro, Alphonso de. Span. Franciscan. {A(jain$t Heresies) 1495?. 1558 
 Castro, Ines de. Wife of Pedro of Portugal; assassinated — . .1355 
 Castro, John de. Port. Viceroy. L. by Freire de Andrada 1500. .1548 
 
 Castro, Paul de. Italian Jurist — . . 1437 
 
 Castro, Peter di. Italian Painter — . . 1663 
 
 Castrucci, Peter. Italian Violinist 1690? .1769 
 
 Castruccio Castracani. Italian Soldier and Poet. Life 
 
 by Aldus Manutius, jr. ; Macchiavelli, tr. by Guillet. 1284.. 1328 
 
 Caswell, Richard. American Revolutionary Soldier 1729. .1789 
 
 Cat, Claude Nicholas le. French Surgeon and Anatomist 1700. .1768 
 
 Catalan!, Angelica. Italian Singer 1782. . 1849 
 
 Cataldi, Peter Anthony. Italian Computer 1548?. 1626 
 
 Catchpole, Margaret. " Convict. Life by R. Cobbold i773- .1841 
 
 Catel, Charles Simon. French Musician 1773- • 1830 
 
 Catel, Francis. German Artist 1778. .1856 
 
 Catel, Wm., of Toulouse. Hist. {Hist, of Counts of Toulouse) 1560. .1626 
 
 Catellan, Maria C P. M. de. French Poetess 1662. .1745 
 
 Catesby, Mark. Naturalist 1680'' . 1749 
 
 Cathcart, Sir George. General ; fell in the Crimea i794- • 1854 
 
 Cathcart, William Schaw, First Earl of. General i755 • • 1843 
 
 Cathelineau, James. Vendean General i759- -1793 
 
 Catherine, St., of Sienna. Nun of Dominican Order . . . 1347. .1380 
 
 Catherine, St., of Bologna. Nim of Order St. Clare 1413- .1463 
 
 Catherine of France. Queen of Henry V. of England. 
 
 Life by Baudot de Juilli, 1696 • 1401 . . 1438 
 
 Catherine of Aragon. Queen of Henry VIII 1483 . .1536 
 
 Catherine Howard. Queen of Henrj- VIII 1521 or 2 .1542 
 
 Catherine Parr. Queen of Henry VIII ^5^3- -^548 
 
 Catherine Paulowna. Queen of Wijrtemberg 1788. . 1819 
 
 Catherine de' Medici. Queen of Henry II. of France. 
 
 Life by Eugenio Alberi, 1838 1519- -1589 
 
 Catherine of Braganza. Queen of Charles II. of England 1638 . .1705 
 Catherine I. Empress of Russia ; wife of Peter the Great 1682 . . 1 727 
 Catherine II. Empress of Russia. Life bv W. Tooke ; 
 
 S^gur; J. Mottley, 1744; J. Castera,tr. by Hunter, 1800 1729. . 1796 
 Catiline, Lucius Sergius. Conspirator. Life by Sallust . — B.C. 62 
 Catineau-Laroche, Peter Mary Sebastian. Fr. Lexicog. 1772. .1828 
 Catinat de la Fauconnerie, Nicholas. French General 1637. .1712 
 Cato, Dionysius. Latin Moralist. ( Disticha de Moribus. ) 
 
 See Travers, Dissertatio^ &c., 1839 ti. Antonines? 
 
 Cato, M. Fortius, the Elder. The Censor. ( Origines) .234?. 149 b.c. 
 
 Cato, M. Fortius, the Younger. Uticensis ' 95 • -46 B.C. 
 
 Cato, Valerius. Latin Poet and Grammarian. {JDirce). . . — b.c. 20 
 
 Catrou, Francis. French Jesuit. Historian 1659. .1737 
 
 Cattenburg, Adrian van. Dutch Remonstrant Divine . . 1664. .1737 
 
 Cattho, Angelo. Italian Astrologer — . . 1497 
 
 Cattier, Isaac. French Medical Writer (m.d. 1638) fl. 1657 
 
 CatuUus, Caius Valerius. Roman Poet 87.47? B.C. 
 
 Catiolus, Q. Lutatius. Roman Statesman. Parens Patrice — B.C. 60 
 
 Catz, or Cats, James. Dutch Statesman and Poet 1577. .1660 
 
 Cauchy, Augustine Louis. French Mathematician & Poet 1789. .1857 
 Caulaincourt, Armand Aug. Louis. Officer and Diplom. 1773. .1827 
 Cauliac, Guy de. Restorer of Surgery fl. 1348 
 
90 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 OauTToy, Francis Eustace du. French Musical Composer 1549. .1609 
 Caus, Solomon de. Fr. Engineer, Architect, and Author — . .1635? 
 Caussin de Perceval, John Jas. Anthony. Fr. Orientalist 1759. .1835 
 Caussin, Nicholas. French Jesuit. {La Cour Sainte) . . . 1580. .1651 
 Cavaignac, ;6l^onore Godefroy. Fr. Republican Journalist 1801 . . 1845 
 
 Cavaignac, John Baptist. French Revolutionist 1762. . 1829 
 
 Cavaignac, Louis Eugene. French General 1802. . 1857 
 
 Cavalcanti, Bartholomew. Italian Scholar 1503: -1562 
 
 Cavalcanti, Guy. Florentine Philosopher and Poet — . . 1300 
 
 Cavalier, John. Camisard Leader 1679-'. 1740 
 
 Cavalieri, Bonaventura. Italian Mathematician 1598. • 1647 
 
 Cavallini, Peter. Italian Historical Painter 1279 . . 1364 
 
 Cavallo, Tiberius. Natural Philosopher i749- • 1809 
 
 Cavanilles, Anthony Joseph. Spanish Divine & Botanist 1745 • • i^°4 
 
 Cave, Edward. Printer 1691 . . 1754 
 
 Cave, Dr. William. {Lives of the Apostles) 1637. .1713 
 
 Cavedone, James. Italian Historical Painter 1580. . 1660 
 
 Cavendish, Lord Charles. Mathematician — . .1783 
 
 Cavendish, Henry. Natural Philosopher. Life by G. 
 
 Wilson, 1851 " 1731 . • 1810 
 
 Cavendish, Margaret. Duchess of Newcastle, second 
 
 wife. Writer. Life edited by Sir E. Brydges, 1814 . 1624?. 1673 
 
 Cavendish, or Candish, Thomas.' Navigator 1564. . 1593 
 
 Cavendish, Sir William. Biographer of Cardinal Wolsey 1505?. 1557 
 Cavendish, William, Duke of Newcastle. Royalist. Life 
 
 by second wife 1592. . 1676 
 
 Cavendish, William. First Duke of Devonshire. Patriot 1640. .1707 
 Cavour, Camillo B. Count di. Italian Statesman. Life 
 
 by W. de la Rive, tr. by E. Romilly ; Devey 1809. . 1861 
 
 Cawdrey, Daniel. Nonconformist Divine — . . 1664 
 
 Cawthorne, James. Poet 1719. .1761 
 
 Cawton, Thos. Div. & Orient, at Rotterdam. Life by son 1605 . . 1659 
 Cawton., Thos., son. Divine and Orient, at Westminster 1637?. 1677 
 Caxton, William. Printer. Life by J. Lewis; Blades I4i2''.i49i or 2 
 
 Cayley, Sir George. English Scientist 'i77Z- • 1857 
 
 Caylus, Anne Claude Philip, Count of. French Amateur 1692. .1765 
 Cazal^s, John Anthonv Mary de. Fr. Politician & Writer 1758. . 1805 
 
 Cazes, Peter James. iFrench Painter 167^. .1754 
 
 Cazotte, James. French Humorous Poet 1720. .1792 
 
 Cazwyny. Arabian Naturalist 1212. .1283 
 
 Cean-Bermudez, John Augustin. Spanish Writer on Art 1749. . 1829 
 
 Ceba, Ansaldo. Genoese Poet 1565 . . 1623 
 
 Cebes. Greek Philosopher — . . — 
 
 Cecchini, Peter Mary. Harlequin and Writer fl. 17th c 
 
 CeccodeAscoli. Prancis de Gli StabilL Italian Physi- 
 cian, Astrologer, Mechanician, and Poet 1257. .1327 
 
 Cecil, Rev. Richard. Divine. Life by Mrs. Cecil 1748. . iSio 
 
 Cecil, Robert, Earl of Salisbury. Lord Treas. of James I. 1550?. 1612 
 Cecil, William, Lord Burleigh. Lord Treasurer of Eliza- 
 beth. L. by Arthur Collins, 1732 ; Dr. Edw. Nares, 1828 1520 .. 1 598 
 
 Cecilia, St. Martyr and Patroness of Music fl. ab. 2d c. 
 
 Cedrenus, George. Greek Monk and Historical Writer, fl. nth c. 
 Celakowsky, Frantisek Ladislaus. Bohem. Poet & Philol. 1799. .1852 
 Celesti, Andrea. Venetian Painter 1637 . . 1706 
 
A BKIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 91 
 
 BORN, DIED. 
 
 Celestine I. Pope (422-32). Saint — . . 432 
 
 Celestine II. (1143-44.) Guy di Castello — . . 1144 
 
 Celestine III. (1191-98.) Hyacinth Orsini. Life by Pope 
 
 HonoriusIII iio7.«i98 
 
 Celestine IV. (3241.) Geoffrey Castiglione — . . 1241 
 
 Celestine V. (1294-96.) Saint. Peter de Murrone 1215 . . 1296 
 
 CeKo Magno. Italian Lyric Poet — . . 1612 
 
 Cellamare, Anthony Giudice, Prince of. Span. Diplomat. 1657. . 1733 
 
 Cellarius, Andrew. {Descriptio Folonite) ti. 1659 
 
 Cellarius, Christopher. Critic and Geographer . , 1638. .1707 
 
 Cellarius, Solomon. Physician. ( Oriyints Aledicce) 1676. . 1700 
 
 Cellier, Remi. Fr. Bened. {Sacred and Eccles. Authors) 1688. .1761 
 Cellini, Benvenuto. Artist, Musician, &c. Life by self; 
 
 tr. by Nugent, 1771; tr. by Roscoe, 1822 1500. .1570 
 
 CelsiuSj Andrew. Swedish Astronomer 1701 . .1744 
 
 Celsius, Glaus. Swed. Bot. and Orient. (Hierobotanicon) 1670. . 1756 
 
 Celsus, Aurelius Cornelius. Medical Writer ti. Aug. & Tib. 
 
 Celsus. Epicurean Philosopher. Antichristian Writer. . ti. Antonines 
 
 Celtes, Conrad. German Latin Poet i459- • 1508 
 
 Cenei, Beatrice. La Belle Parricide — . .1599 
 
 Cennick, John. Divine — • • i755 
 
 Censorinus. Latin Grammarian and Chronologist ..... fl. 3d c. 
 Centlivre, Susanna Freeman. Eng. Actress & Dram. Writ. 1667''. 1723 
 Centorio degli Ortensi, Ascanius. Military Writer. ... fl. 1569 
 
 Ceolnoth. Archbishop of Canterbury (833-70) — . . 870 
 
 CeraccM, Joseph. Roman Sculptor 1760?. 1802 
 
 Ceratinus, Jas. Dutch Schol. {Be Sono Grcec. Literarum) — ••1530 
 
 Cerceau, John Anthony du. French Poet 1670. . 1730 
 
 Cerda, Bernarda Ferreira de la. Portuguese Scholar .... 1595 . . 1644 
 Cerda, John Louis de la. Span. Jesuit. Class. Comment. .1560 . . 1643 
 
 C6r6, John Nicholas. French Botanist i737' • 1810 
 
 Cereta, Laura, of Padua. Female Scholar 1469 . . 1498 
 
 Cerini, John Dominic. H Cavaliere Perugino. Ital. Paint. 1606. .1681 
 
 Cerini, Joseph. Italian Poet and Dramatist 1738. . 1779 
 
 Cerinttius. Heresiarch fl. 1st c. 
 
 Cerisantes, Mark Duncan de. Politician & Latin Writer 1600''. 1648 
 
 Cermenati, John de. {History of Milan) — aft. 1336 
 
 Cerquozzi, Michael Ang. Di Battaglia. Battle Paint. . 1600 or 2 . 1660 
 
 Cerrato, Paul. Italian Latin Poet. {De Virginitate) 1485 . .1538 
 
 Ceruti, Frederick. Italian Scholar 1541 . . 1579 
 
 Cerutti, Joseph Anthony Joachim. Jesuit. {Apology) .. 1738.. 1792 
 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de. Spanish Novelist. {Don 
 
 Quixote.) Life by Father Sanniento; Mayans; Los 
 
 Rios; Fernandez de Navarrete, 1819; J. Finlay i547- -1616 
 
 Cervetto. James Bassevi. Italian Musician 1682.. 1783 
 
 Cesalpinus, Andrew. Ital. Phys. ( Qucestiones Peiipateticce) 15 19. .1603 
 Cesare, Joseph. Arpino and Giuseppino. Italian Painter 1560. .1640 
 
 Cesarini, Julian. Cardinal — . . 1444 
 
 Cesarini, Virginio. Italian Poet 1595 . .1624 
 
 Cesarotti, Melchior. Italian Poet 1 73° • • 1808 
 
 Cesi, Frederick, Prince de. Founder of Lyncean Society 1585. .1630 
 Cespedes, Paul de. Spanish Painter, Sculptor, Architect, 
 
 Poet, Linguist 1538. • 1608 
 
 Cesti, Mark Anthony. Italian Musical Composer 1620?. 1681 
 
92 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Ceva, Thos. Ital. Jesuit. Poet and Math. {Jesus Puer) 1648. .1736 
 
 Cevallos, Peter. Spanish Diplomatist 1764. ab. 1838 
 
 Cezelli, Constance de. Spanish Heroine fl. 1590'' 
 
 Chal^non, Michael Paul Guj^ de. French Writer 1730. .1792 
 
 Chabert, Jos. Bernard, Marquis of. Navig., Astron., Geog. 1724. . 1805 
 
 Chabot, Francis. French Revolutionist I759- • 1794 
 
 Chabot, Philip de. French General — . . 1543 
 
 Chabrias. Athenian General — b-C-355 
 
 Chabrit, Peter. French Advocate. {French Monarchy) — ..1785 
 
 Chabry, Mark. French Painter and Sculptor 1660. .1727 
 
 Chad, or Ceadde, St — . . 673 
 
 Chaderton, Rev. Laurence, d. d., of Emmanuel College . 1546. .1640 
 
 Chais, Charles Peter. Commentator 1701 . . 1785 
 
 Chaise, Francis de la. Fr. Jesuit. Confessor to Louis XIV. 1624 . . 1 709 
 
 Chalcondyles, Demetrius. Greek Scholar in Italy 1430?. 1510 
 
 Chales, or Challes, Millet Claude Francis de. Fr. Math. . 1621 , . 1678 
 
 Chalier, Mary Joseph. Revolutionist at Lyons 1747- -1793 
 
 Chalkley, Thomas. Quaker Preacher — . .1741 
 
 Challe, Charles Michael Angelo. French Painter 1718, .1778 
 
 Challoner, Richard. Vicar Apostohc. Life by Barnard, 
 
 1784 ; Milner ; 1691 . . 1741 
 
 Chalmers, Alexander. {Biographical Dictionary) i759- -1834 
 
 Chalmers, David. Scottish Historian , 1530?. 1592 
 
 Chalmers, George. Historian and Biographer. {Treaties) 1742. .1825 
 Chalmers, Thomas, ll,. d. Scottish Divine. L. by Hanna 1780. . 1847 
 Chaloner, Edward, D. D. Chaplain to James I. Preacher 1590. .1625 
 Chaloner, James, M. p. Antiquary. {Hist, of Isle of Man) — ..1661 
 Chaloner, Sir Thomas. Soldier, "Statesman, and Writer. I5i5?.i565 
 Chaloner, Sir Thomas, son. Chem. and Nat. Philosopher 1559. . 161 5 
 Chalotais, Louis Rene Caradeuc de la. French Writer. . 1701 . .1785 
 
 Chamberlaine, Robert. Poet — . . 1637 
 
 Chamberlayne, Edw., ll. d. Writer.^ {Anglice Notitia) 1616. .1703 
 Chamberlayne, John. Writer. {Contin. Anglice Notitia) — -.1724 
 
 Chamberlen, Hugh, of London. Accoucheur 1664. ,1728 
 
 Chambers, or Chalmers, David. Scottish Historian 1530?. 1592 
 
 Chambers, Ephraim. ( Cyclopcedia) — . .1740 
 
 Chambers, George. Marine Painter — . . 1840 
 
 Chambers, Sir Robert. Ch. Just, of Bengal. Vinerian Prof. 1737. .1803 
 
 Chambers, Sir William. Architect 1726. .1796 
 
 Chambray, Geo., Marquis de. Fr. Gen. & Military Writ. 1783. . 1850 
 Chamfort, Sebastian Roch Nicholas. Fr. Bibliographer. 1 741.. 1794 
 Chamier, Daniel. French Prot. {De (Ecumenico Pontifico) 1570?. 1621 
 Chamillard, Michael de. Fav. and Minister of Louis XIV. 165 1 . .1721 
 ChanriUard, Stephen. French Jesuit and Antiquary. . . . 1656. .1730 
 Chamisso, Adelbert von. Poet, Traveler, Naturalist. 
 
 {Peter Schlemihl) 1781 . . 1838 
 
 Chamorro, Fruto. Central Amer. Soldier and Statesman 1806. .1855 
 Chamousset, Claude Humbert Piarron de. Philanthr. . . 1717. .1773 
 
 Champagne, John Baptist. Painter 1643 or 5 . 1688 
 
 Champagne, Philip de. Flemish Painter at Paris 1602 . . 1674 
 
 Champe, .John. American Revolutionary Officer 1752. . — 
 
 Champeaux,Wm. de. Bp. of Chalons. {Origin of the Soul) — ..1121 
 Champier, Symphorien. Camj}erius. French Physician. 
 
 ( Chroniques des Dues de Savoie) 1472. . 1540' 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 93 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Champion, Joseph. Penman 1709 . . — 
 
 Champion, or Campion, Thomas. Poet fl. 1604 
 
 Championnet, John Stephen. French General 1762. . 1800 
 
 Champlain, Samuel de. French Governor of Canada. . . 1570. . 1635 
 
 Champmesl6, Mary Desmares de. Actress 1644. . 169S 
 
 Champollion, John Francis. LeJeune. Antiquary. ... 1790. .1832 
 
 Champollion-Figeac, John James. French Writer 1778. . — 
 
 Chancellor, Richard. Navigator — . . 1556 
 
 Chandler, Edw. Bp. of Durham. {Def ence of Chrisiianity) 167 1. .17^0 
 
 Chandler, Mary. Poetess 1687 . .1745 
 
 Chandler, Richard, d. d. Scholar and Antiquary 1738. .1810 
 
 Chandler, Sam. Dissent. Min. & Writ. L. by Thos. Amory 1693 . .1766 
 Chandler, Thos. Bradbuiy, d. d. Amer. Clerg. & Writer 1726. .1790 
 
 Chandos, Sir John. Military Commander — . . 1369 
 
 Changeux, Peter James. French Savant i740' • looo 
 
 Channing, Edward Tyrrel. American Scholar i79o> • 1856 
 
 Channing, Wm. EUery, d. d., brother. American Writer 1780 . . 1842 
 Chantal, St. Jane Frances Fremiot de. Life by Marsollier 1572. . 1641 
 Chantereau Lefebvre, Louis. Fr. Jurisconsult & Hist. 1588. .1658 
 Chantrey, Sir Francis. Sculptor. Life by Jones, 1850; 
 
 Holland, 1851 1782. . 1841 
 
 Chanut, Peter. French Ambassador. {Memoir es) 1600.. 1662 
 
 Chapelain, John. French Poet. {La Pucdle) 1595 . . 1674 
 
 Chapelier, Isaac Ren6 Guy le. French Politician i754- -1794 
 
 Chapelle, Claude Emanuel. VHuillier. French Poet . . 1626. .1686 
 
 Chapelle, John de la. {Life of the Prince of Conti) 1655 . . 1723 
 
 Chapin, Stephen, d. d. Amer. Clergyman & Educationist 1778. . 1845 
 Chaplin, Jeremiah, d. d. Amer. Clergyman & Educator 1776. .1841 
 Chapman, Fred. Henry. Swed.Adm. {Marine Architect.) — ..1808 
 Chapman, Dr. George. Poet and Translator. (iTome?-). 1557. .1634 
 Chapman, John, d. d. Archd. {Defence of Christianity) 1704. .1784 
 Chapone, Mrs. Hester. Life by her family, "pref. to Works 1727 . . 1801 
 
 Chappe, Claude. French Mechanician 1763. . 1805 
 
 Chappe d'Auteroche, John. French Abb^ and Astron. 1722. .1769 
 Chappel, William. Bishop of Cork. {Methodus Concio- 
 
 nandi.) Life by self 1582. . 1649 
 
 Chappie, William. Topographer 1718. .1781 
 
 Chaptal, John Anthony Claude, Ct. of Canteloup. Chemist 1756. . 1832 
 
 Chapuzeau, Samuel. Genevese Writer — . .1701 
 
 Charas, Moses. French Chemist 1618. . 1698 
 
 Chardin, Sir John. Traveler 1643. . 1713 
 
 Charenton, Joseph Nicholas. Fr. Jesuit Miss, in Persia. 1659. .1735 
 
 Charette de la Contrie. Vendean Royalist 1763. .1796 
 
 Charizi, Judah. Hebrew Scholar and Poet, in Spain . . . — bef.1235 
 
 Charke, Mrs. Charlotte, wee Gibber. Actress — . .1760 
 
 Charlemagne. L. by Eginhard; Acciajuoli, d. 1478; 
 
 Petruccio Ubaldini, 1599; G. H. Gaillard, 1782; G. P. 
 
 R. James, 1847 ; Bourgoing 742. . 814 
 
 Charlemont, J. Caulfield, Earl of. Statesm. L. by Hardy 1 728 . . 1 799 
 Charles I., Emperor of Germany. Charlemagne, q. v.. . . . 742. , 814 
 
 Charles II. (875-77.) The Bald. I. of France 823. . 877 
 
 Charles III. The Fat. 11. of France 832? . 888 
 
 Charles IV. (1347-78) and King of Bohemia 1316. . 1378 
 
 Charles V. (I. of Spain. ) Life by self; Louis Dolce, 1568 ; 
 
94 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 A. Desbarres, 1559 ; James Masen, 1681 ; Leti ; San- 
 doval; Robei-tson; W. Stirling, 1852; Pichot, 1854; 
 
 Mignet, 1854; Antonio de Vera 1500. .1558 
 
 Charles VI 1685 . , 1740 
 
 Charles VII 1697. .1745 
 
 Charles I. The Bald. King of France (840-77.) II. 
 
 Emperor (875-77) 823. . 877 
 
 Charles II. TheFat. III. Emperor 832?. 888 
 
 Charles III. The Simple. (893-922) 879 . . 929 
 
 Charles IV. The Fair. (1322-28) 1294. . 1328 
 
 Charles V. The Wise. Life by Christina de Pisan 1337 • • 1380 
 
 Charles VI. The Well-behved. Life by Juvenal des Ur- 
 
 sins; Baudot de Juilli, 1753 1368.. 1422 
 
 Charles VII. The Victorious. L. by Baudot de Juilli, 1697 1403 . . 1461 
 Charles VIII. (1483-98.) L.byA. delaVigne; M.Guazzi 1470. .1498 
 
 Charles IX. (1560-74) 1550.. 1574 
 
 Charles X 1757.. 1836 
 
 Charles I., Duke of Lorraine. Claimant of French Crown 953.. 994 
 
 Charles II. (or I.) 1365. -1431 
 
 Charles III. (or II.) The Great i543- • ^608 
 
 Charles IV. (or III.) 1604. . 1675 
 
 Charles V 1643. . 1690 
 
 Charles I., King of Naples. Count of Anjou 1220. . 1285 
 
 Charles II. Le Boiteux 1248 . . 1309 
 
 Charles III. of Durazzo. De la Paix and Le Petit 1345 . , 1386 
 
 Charles X. Gustavus. King of Sweden. Life by Prade, 
 
 tr. by Spence, 1689 ; PutFendorf 1622. . 1660 
 
 Charles XI. (1660-97) 1655.. 1697 
 
 Charles XII. (1697-1718). Life by Grimarest; Joran 
 
 Nordberg, 1730 ; Voltaire 1682 . . 1718 
 
 Charles XIII 1748 . . 1818 
 
 Charles XIV. (Bemadotte.) Life by Touchard-Lafosse 1764. .1844 
 Charles I. King of England. Life by Peter Hevlin, 
 1658; L. Wood, 1659; Fulman and Perrinchief, 1662; 
 Sir P. Warwick; Dr. William Harris, 1758; Guizot. . . 1600. .1649 
 Charles II. Life by Dr. William Harris, 1765 ; Francis 
 
 Eglestield, 1822 1630. .1685 
 
 Charles I. King of Spain. V. Emperor 1500 . . 1558 
 
 Charles II 1661 . .1700 
 
 Charles III 1716. .1788 
 
 Charles IV 1748. . 1819 
 
 Charles II. The Bad. King of Navarre. L. by Secousse 1332. .1387 
 
 Charles III. The Noble , 1361 . , 1425 
 
 Charles IV 1421 . . 1461 
 
 Charles, Archduke of Austria. Commander 1771..1847 
 
 Charles de Blois. Pretender to Brittany — . . 1364 
 
 Charles de Valois. Count of Maine and Anjou, brother 
 
 of Philip IV 1270. .1325 
 
 Charles the Bold. Duke of Burgundy. Life by Bar- 
 land; Kirk, 1863 1433.. 1477 
 
 Charles Albert. King of Sardinia (1831-49) 1798. . 1849 
 
 Charles Alexander, of Lorraine. Gov. of Netherlands . 17 12. .1780 
 Charles Edward Stuart. Young Pretender. Life by 
 
 C. L. Klose, 1835 1720. .1788 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 95 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Charles Emanuel I. The Great. Duke of Savoy 1562 . . 1630 
 
 Charles Emanuel II. (1638-75) 1634. . 1675 
 
 Charles Emanuel III. Duke of Savoy. K. of Sardinia 1701 . .1773 
 Charles Emanuel IV. (1796-1802.) King of Sardinia — . .1819 
 Charles Martel. Duke of Austrasia & Mayor of Palace 694. . 741 
 Charlet, Nicholas Toussaint. Fr. Painter and Engraver. 1792. . 1845 
 Charleton, Louis de. Bp. of Hereford. Theol. & Math. — ••1369 
 Charleton, Robert M. American Lawyer and Author. . 1807. .1854 
 Charleton, Walter, m. d. Naturalist and Theologian . . . 1619. .1707 
 Charleval, Chas. Faucon de Ry, Ld. of. Scholar & Poet 1613. .1693 
 Charlevoix, Peter Francis Xavier de. Jesuit Missionary 
 
 in America. {History of Paraguay) 1682. .1761 
 
 Charlier, John. Gerson. French Writer 1363 . . 1429 
 
 Charlotte. Queen of George III. L. by Watkins, 1819. 1744. . 1818 
 Charlotte Augusta. Princess. Daughter of George IV. 1796. .1817 
 Charlotte Elizabeth, Mrs. Tonna. Religious Writer. 
 
 {Personal Recollections) 1792. • 1846 
 
 Charnock, John. {Biographia Navalis) 1756. . 1807 
 
 Charnock, Stephen. {Providence.) Life by Parsons 1628. . 1680 
 
 Charnock, Thomas. Alchemist. (P/ii/bsopAer's Stone). 1524. .1581 
 Charnois, John Charles le Vacheur de. French Politician 1 750 i" . 1 792 
 Charost, Armand Joseph de B^thune. Fr. Philanthropist 1 738 . . 1800 
 Charpentier, Francis. {Excellence of French Language) 1620. .1702 
 Charras, J. Bapt. Adolph. Fr. Politician & Military Writ. 1808. .1865 
 
 Charrier, Mark Anthony. French Royalist i753- • ^793 
 
 Charriere, Joseph de la. French Surgical Writer til. 1690 
 
 Charriere, Madame de St. Hyacinthe de. French Writer 1740?. 1805 
 Charron, Peter. French Writer. {Des Trois Verites).. 1 541.. 1603 
 
 Chartier, Alain. French Writer 1386. . 1449? 
 
 Chartier, John, of St. Denys. ( Chroniques de St. Denys) — . . 1462? 
 Chartier, Ren^. Fr. Phys. Edit, of Hippocrates »fe Galen 1572. . 1654 
 Chase, Irah, d.d. American Clergyman and Theologian 1793. .1864 
 Chase, Philander, D.t>. Amer. Episc. Bp. {Reminiscences) 177$. .1852 
 Chasles, or Challes, Gregory de. Fr. Officer and Humorist 1659. .1720? 
 Chass6, David Henry, Baron. Defender of Antwerp. ... 1765 . . 1849 
 
 Chasseneuz, Bartholomew de. French Lawyer 1480. .1541 
 
 Chastelain, Claude. ( Universal Mariyrology) 1639. .1712 
 
 Chastelard, or Chastellet, Peter de Boscobel de. Fr. Poet 1540?. 1563 
 Chastelet, Gabrielle l^milie de Breteuil, Marchioness of. 
 
 Scientific Writer 1706. .1749 
 
 Chastellux, Francis John, Marquis de. French Officer, 
 
 Poet, Musician i734- '1788 
 
 Chateaubriand, Francis Augustus, Vicomte de. ( Genie 
 
 du Christianisme.) Life by self; Villemain 1768. .1848 
 
 Chateaubriant, Francis de Foix, Countess of. Favorite 
 
 of Francis 1 1475?. 1537 
 
 Chateaubrun, John Baptist Vivian de. Dramatic Writer 1686 .. 1 775 
 Chateaurenard, Francis Louis Rousselet, Count de. 
 
 Admiral and Marshal of France 1637. . 1716 
 
 Chatel, Ferd. Francis. Found, of so-called Fr. Cath. Ch. 1795 • -1857 
 
 Chatel, Francis du. Flemish Painter 1625 . . 1679 
 
 Chatel, Peter du. Castellanus. Bp. of Orleans. Scholar — ..1552 
 
 Chatel, Tanneguy du. French General 1360. . 1449 
 
 Chatelet, Paul du Hay, Lord of. {Bertrand du Guesclin) 1593. .1636 
 
96 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Cliathain, William Pitt, First Earl of. Life by Almon; 
 
 Thackeray; Macaulay 1708. .1778 
 
 Caiatterton, Thomas. Poet. Life by Dr. Gregory, ed. 
 
 by Southey, 1803 ; D. Masson 1752. .1770 
 
 Chaucer, Geoffrey. Poet. Life by Todd; W. Godwin, 
 
 1804; Singer, 1822; Sir H. Nicholas, 1843 1328. .1400 
 
 Chaudet, Anthony Denis. French Painter and Sculptor. 1763. .1810 
 
 Chaudon, Esprit Joseph. French Author 1738 . . 1800 
 
 Ghaudon, Louis Mayeul. French Historical Writer 1737. .1817 
 
 dxauffepi^, James George de. { Biographical Dictionary) 1 702 . . 1 786 
 Chavdiae, Cauliac, or Chaulieu, Guy de. French Surgeon fl. 14th c. 
 
 Chaulieu, William Amfrye de. French Lyric Poet 1639. .1720 
 
 Chaulnes, Albert, Duke de. French Chemical Philosopher 1 7 14 . . 1 769 
 Chauraette, Anthony. Fr. Surg. {Enchirid. Chirurgicum) fl. 1560 
 
 Chaumette, Peter Gaspar. French Revolutionist 1763. . 1794 
 
 Chaumonot, or Chaumonnot, Peter Mary Joseph. French 
 
 Jesuit 1611 . .1693 
 
 Ohauncey, Sir Henry. Judge & Antiq. {Hertfordshire) 1632. .1716 
 Chauncey, Ichabod. Ejected Nonconformist at Bristol. . — ..1691 
 Ckauncey, Isaac. Dissenting Divine and Physician ... — . , 1700? 
 
 Chauncy, Charle*, d. d. American Divine 1705 • -1787 
 
 Ohausse, Michael Angelo de la. Antiquary. {Musceum 
 
 Romanum) 1660?. aft. 1738 
 
 Ohauveau Lagarde, Claude Francis. French Advocate 1767. .1841 
 
 Chauveau, Francis. French Engraver 1613.. 1676 
 
 Ohauveau, Rene, son. Engraver 1663. .1722 
 
 Chauvin, Stephen. Prot. Refugee. {Lexicon Philosoph.) i6^g. .172^ 
 Chaves, Emanuel de Silveyra Pinto de Fonseca, Marquis. 
 
 Portuguese General and Statesman — . . 1830 
 
 Chazelles, John Matthew. French Math, and Engineer 1657. .1710 
 Chefontaines, Christopher de, of Brittany. Theologian . 1532?, 1595 
 Cheke, Sir John. Statesman and Scholar. Life by Dr. 
 
 Langbaine; Strype, 1705 1514..1557 
 
 Chelsum, Rev. Jaines, d. d. Critic of Gibbon 1740?. 1801 
 
 Chemin, Catherine du. French Flower Painter 1630. .1698 
 
 Cheminais, Timoleon. French Preacher 1652, . 1689 
 
 Chemnitz, Bogeslaus Philip. {Swed. Wars in Germany) 1605. .1678 
 
 Chemnitz, Martin. Protestant Divine 1522. .1588 
 
 Chemnitzer, Ivan Ivanovitch. Russian Soldier and Poet 1744. .1784 
 
 Chenevix, Richard. Bishop of Waterford — . .1779 
 
 Chenevix, Richard. Irish Writer — . . 1830 
 
 Ch6nier, Andrew Mary de. French Poet 1762. .1794 
 
 ChSnier, Louis de. French Historian 1723 . . 1796 
 
 Ch6nier, Mary Joseph de. French Dramatist. {Death of 
 
 Calas) 1764.. 1811 
 
 Chenot, Claude Bernard Adrian. French Engineer 1803. .1855 
 
 Ch6ron, Elizabeth Sophia. French Portrait Painter 1648. .1711 
 
 Ch6ron, Louis, brother. Painter 1660 . . 1713 
 
 Cherry, Andrew. Comedian 1762. . 1812 
 
 Cherubini, Mary Louis Charles Zenobi Salvador. Italian 
 
 Musical Composer 1760. . 1842 
 
 Chervin, Nicholas. French Physician 1783. . 1843 
 
 Ch6ry, Philip. French Painter 1759. . 1838 
 
 Oheselden, William. Surgeon and Writer 1688. . 1752 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 97 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Chesne, Andrew du. French Historian 1584. . 1640 
 
 Chesne, or Quesne, Joseph du. Quercetanus. Med. Writer 1 544' . 1609 
 
 Chesneau, Nicholas, of Toulouse. Medical Writer 1601. . — 
 
 Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of. {Letters.) 
 
 Life by Dr. Maty, 1777 1694. .1773 
 
 Caiethain, Humphrey, of Manchester. Benefactor 1580. . 1653 
 
 Chettle, Henry. Dramatist fi.1592-1600 
 
 Chetwood, Knightly, d.d. Dean of Gloucester. Writer 1652. .1720 
 Chetwood, Wm. Rufus. Dramatist. {Hist, of the Stage) — ..1766 
 
 Chevalier, Anthony Rodolph le. French Scholar 1507. .1572 
 
 Chevalier, Louis. French Lawyer 1663? . 1 744 
 
 Chevert, Francis de. French General 1695 • '1760 
 
 Cheverus, John Louis Anne Madeleine Lefebvre de. 
 
 French Cardinal 1768. .1836 
 
 Cheves, Langdon. American Statesman 1776. . 1857 
 
 Chevillier, Andrew. French Antiquary 1636. .1700 
 
 Chevreau, Urban. French Scholar 1613. .1701 
 
 Cheyne, George. Physician and Mathematician 1671 . .1743 
 
 Cheynell, Francis, D. d. Ejected Nonconformist 1608. . 1665 
 
 Ch6zy, Anthony Leonard de. French Orientalist ....... 1 77 ^ . . 1832 
 
 Chiabrera, Gabriel. Italian Lyric Poet 1552. . 1637 
 
 Chiaramonti, Scipio. Mathemat. & Natural Philosopher 1565. .1652 
 
 Chiari, Fabricius. Italian Painter and Engraver 1621 . . 1695 
 
 Chiari, Joseph.. Italian Historical Painter 1654. . 1727 
 
 Chiari, Peter. Italian Poet — . . 1788 
 
 Chiavistelli, Jacob. Perspective Painter of Florence . . . 1621 . . 1698 
 Chicheley, or Chichele, Henry. Abp. Cant. 1414-31. 
 
 Life by Arthur Duck, 1617; O. L. Spencer, 1783 1362?. 1443 
 
 Chicoyneau, Aim^ Francis. Physician, Lawyer, Scholar 1699. .1740 
 Chicoyneau, Francis. Fr. Physician. ( On the Plague) 1672. .1752 
 Chicoyneau, Michael. French Physician and Statesman 1626' . 1 701 
 Chifflet, John James. Fr. Medical and Political Writer. 1588. .1660 
 
 Child, Sir Josiah. Writer. {Discourse on Trade) 1630. .1699 
 
 Child, William, mus. doc. Musical Composer 1607. . 1697 
 
 CMldebertl. King of France (511-58) 495-- 558 
 
 ChHdebert II. (575-96) 570?. 596 
 
 Childebert III 683?. 711 
 
 Child6ric I. King of France 436?. 481 
 
 Child^ric II 649. . 673 
 
 Child6ric III. (742-52) — . . 755 
 
 Children, John (George. Chemist ^777- .1852 
 
 Chillingworth, William. Theologian. Life by Birch. . 1602 '.1644 
 Clj^mead, Edmund. Mathematician & Mus. Composer 161 1.. 1654 
 
 Chile. One of the Seven Sages .fl. 6th c. b.c. 
 
 Chilp6ric I. King of Soissons (561-84) ♦539- • 584 
 
 ChUp6ricII. (715-20) — . . 720 
 
 Chimay, Jane Mary Ignace Theresa, Princess of. Beauty 1 775 ? . 1835 
 
 Chiocco, Andrew. Italian Physician — . . 1624 
 
 Chipman, Daniel, ll. d. American Jurist 1762. . 1850 
 
 Chipman, Nathaniel, ll. d., brother. Jurist 1752 . . 1843 
 
 Chirac, Peter. French Medical Writer 1650 . . 1 732 
 
 Chishull, Rev. Edmund. Antiquary 1670 . . 1 733 
 
 Chitty, Joseph. English Jurist 1776? . 1841 
 
 Chladni, Ernest Florens Frederick. German Physicist. . 1756. . 1827 
 
98 . A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Chlopicki, Joseph. Polish General and Dictator 1772. . 1854 
 
 Chmielnicki, Bogdan. Cossack Chief I593- • 1657 
 
 Choate, Rufus. American Advocate and Jurist I799- • 1859 
 
 Chodowiecki, Daniel Nich. Ger. Designer & Engraver 1726. .1801 
 Choisetil - Goufller, Mary Gabriel Florent Augustus, 
 
 Count of. French Classical Scholar 1752. .1817 
 
 Choiseiil-Amboise, Stephen Francis, Duke of. French 
 
 Statesman I7i9. -1785 
 
 Choisy, Francis Timoldon de. Abb^. Writer 1644. .1724 
 
 Chorael, James Francis. Medical Writer fl. 1708-38 
 
 Chomel, John Baptist Louis. Medical Writer 1700?. 1765 
 
 Chorael, Peter .John Baptist. French Medical Writer. . 167 1 . . 1740 
 
 Chopin, Frederick. Musical Composer and Pianist 1810. . 1849 
 
 Chopin, Rene. French Law Writer I537- • 1606 
 
 Chorier, Nicholas. (History of Dnuphiny) 1609. . 1692 
 
 Choris, Louis. Russian Artist and Traveler 1795 • • 1828 
 
 Choron, Alexander Stephen. French Writer on Music. . 1772. .1834 
 
 Chosroes I., or Khosru. King of Persia (531-79) — .. 579 
 
 Chosroes II. (590-628), grandson — . . 628 
 
 Chouet, John Robert. Philos. and Magistrate of Geneva 1642. . 1731 
 
 Choul, William du. Caulius. French Antiquary fl. 1556 
 
 Choules, John Overton, u.d. Amer. Clerg. and" Author. 1801. .1856 
 
 Chretien, Florence. French Poet and Writer 1541 . .1596 
 
 Christian I. King of Denmark (1448-81) : . . . 1425?. 1481 
 
 Christian II. (1513-23) 1480. .1559 
 
 Christian III. (1534-58) 1502. .1558 
 
 Christian IV. (1588-1648) i577- • 1648 
 
 Christian V. (1670-99) 1645 . . 1699 
 
 Christian VI. (1730-46) 1699. .1746 
 
 Christian VII. (1766-1808) 1749. .1808 
 
 Christian, Andrew. Danish Medical Writer i55i-- 1606 
 
 Christian, Edward. Law Writer — . . 1823 
 
 Christie, James. Antiquary — , . 1831 
 
 Christie, Samuel Hunter, of Woolwich. Magnetist 1784. .1865 
 
 Christie, Thomas. Writer. {Miscellanies) 1761 . . 1796 
 
 Christie, WiUiam. Scottish Grammarian 1730- -1774 
 
 Christina. Queen of Sweden. Life by H. Woodhead; 
 C. G. Franckenstein ; Catteau Calleville; J. Lacombe; 
 
 Archenholz 1626. . 1689 
 
 Christine, of Pisa. Scholar and Poetess in France. ^3^3^- 1431 ^ 
 
 Christophe, Henry. Negro King of Hayti 1767. . 1820 
 
 Christopherson, John. Bp. of Chichester. Translator. — --^SS^ 
 
 Christopulos, Athanasius. Modern Greek Poet 1772. . 1*47 
 
 Chrysippus. Stoic Philosopher 280-'' . 207 b.c. 
 
 Chrysolopfue, Noel Andrew. Fr. Geogr. & Astronomer 1728. .1808 
 
 Chrysoloras, Manuel. Reviver of Greek in Italy I355''- 1415 
 
 Chrysostom, John. Life by Palladius, tr. by Americ . 
 
 Bigot, 1680; Godfrey Hermant, alias Dr. Menard, 1683 347?. 407 
 
 Cliubb, Thomas. Deis^ical Writer 1679. .1747 
 
 Chudleigh, Mary, Lady. Poetess 1656. . 1710 
 
 Church, Benjarnin. American Soldier in Indian Wars. . 1639. .171S 
 Church, Sir Richard. Commander in Greek War of In- 
 dependence 1780. . 1850 
 
 Chiurch, Thomas, d. d. Controversialist 1707. .1756 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 99 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Churchill, Arabella. Mistress of James II 1648 .. 1 730 
 
 Churchill, Rev. Charles. Poet. Life by Tooke 1731 . . 1746 
 
 Churchill, John, First Duke of Marlborough. Life by 
 
 Coxe; Lediard; Alison 1650. .1722 
 
 ChurchUl, Sir Winston. (Divi Britnnnici) 1620. . 1688 
 
 Churchyard, Thomas. Poet. L. by Geo. Chalmers, 1817 1520^ 1604 
 Churrucca y Elorza, Cosme Damian de. Span. Admiral 1761 . . 1805 
 Chytrseus, David. Divine at Rostock. (^^ocnZypse) ... 1530. .1600 
 Ciaconius, Alphonso. Span. Schol. ( Column of Trajan) 1540. .1599 
 Ciaconius, or Chacon, Peter. Spanish Scholar. {De'Tri- 
 
 clinio.) Life by A. Schott 1525 . .1581 
 
 Ciamberlano, Luke. Italian Painter and Engraver .... 1586. .1641 
 Ciampelli, Augustine, of Florence. Historical Painter . . 1578. .1640 
 Ciampini, John Justin. Antiq. and Hist. (Ziveso/* Popes) 1633. .1698 
 
 Ciampoli, John Baptist. Italian Poet 1589. . 1643 
 
 Cibber, Caius Gabriel. German Sculptor 1630?. 1700 
 
 Cibber, CoUey. Actor. Poet Laureate. Life by self. .. 1671. .1757 
 
 Cibber, Susannah Maria. Actress ". 1714- .1766 
 
 Cibber, Theophilus. Actor, Dramatist, Biographer 1703. . 1758 
 
 Cibot, Peter Martial. French Jesuit Missionary in China 1727. . 1780 
 
 Ciccarelli, Alphonso. Italian Writer — . . 1580 
 
 Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Life by Ramus; Facciolati; Mo- 
 
 rabin; Leonard Aretino, 1804; Conyers Middleton; 
 
 Abeken, tr. by Merivale; Wm. Forsyth, 1864 106. 43B.C. 
 
 Cicognara, Leopold, Count. {Hist, of Modern Sculpture) 1767. .1834 
 
 Cid, The. See Bivar 1040? . 1099 
 
 Cienfuegos, Nicasio Alvarez de. Span. Poet & Dramatist 1 764 . . 1809 
 
 Cignani, Charles. Italian Painter 1628 . . 1719 
 
 Cignaroli, Giambettino. Italian Painter 1706. .1770 
 
 Cigoli, or Civoli, Louis. Cardi. Florentine Painter 1559.. 1613 
 
 Cimabue, John. Italian Painter 1240. . 1300 
 
 Cimarosa, Domenico. Neapolitan Musical Composer. .. . 1749.. 1801 
 
 Cimon. Athenian Commander — B.c.449 
 
 Cincinato, Diego Romulo. Painter — . . 1626 
 
 Cincinato, Romulo. Florentine Painter 1525?. 1600 
 
 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintus. Dictator 5i9?.aft.439B.c. 
 
 Cinna, Lucius Cornelius. Roman Popular Leader — b. c. 84 
 
 Cinnaraus, John. Greek Historian fl. 12th c. 
 
 Cino da Pistoia. Italian Jurist and Poet 1270. . 1337 
 
 Cinq-Mars, Henry Coiffier de Ruz^, Marquis of. Favorite 
 
 of Louis XIII 1620. .1642 
 
 Clnthio, Giraldi. Italian Dramatist. ( Orbecche) 1504- -1573 
 
 Cintra, Gon^alo de. Portuguese Navigator fl. 15th c. 
 
 Cioli, Valerio. Italian Sculptor 1 530 ^ 1600? 
 
 Clone, Andrea di. Orcagna. Painter, Sculptor, Architect 1329. .1389 
 
 Ciprian Rore. Italian Musical Composer 1516. . 1565 
 
 Cipriani, or Cypriani, John Baptist. Italian Painter 1727. .1785 
 
 Circignano, Anthony. Pomerancio. Painter 1560. . 1620 
 
 Circignano, Nicholas. Pomerancio. Italian Painter 1516. . 1588 
 
 Cirillo, Dominic, of Naples. Botanist i734- • ^799 
 
 Ciroferri. Painter and Architect of Rome 1634 . . 1689 
 
 Cisner, Nicholas. German Writer 1529. .1583 
 
 Cisneros, Francis Ximenes de. Span. Cai'd. Statesman 1436. .1517 
 Cltois, or Citesius, Francis. Physician of Poictiers 1572. . 1652 
 
100 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gittadini, Peter Francis. 11 Milanese. Painter 1613?. 1681 
 
 Civilis, Claudius, or Julius. Leader of the Batavi fl. 69-70 
 
 Civitall, Matthew. Italian Sculptor and Architect 1435 . .1501 
 
 Claesson, Arnold. Dutch Painter 1498 . .1564 
 
 Clagett, William, d. d. Controversial Writer 1646. .1688 
 
 Clair, John Mary le. French Violinist 1697 . . 1 764 
 
 Clairault, Alexis Claude. Mathematician 1 71 3. . 1765 
 
 Claire, Martin. French Jesuit, Preacher, and Hymnologist 1612. .1690 
 Clairfait, or Clerfay t, F. S.C.J, de Croix de. Austr. Gen. 1 733 . . 1 798 
 Clairon, Claire Josephine de la Tude. French Actress ... 1 723 . . 1803 
 
 Clap, Thomas. American Divine and Educator ^7°3* -^7^7 
 
 Clapperton, Captain Hugh. African Traveler 1788. .1827 
 
 Clarac, Charles Otho Frederick John Baptist, Count. 
 
 Fi-ench Antiquar}' and Artist '^^777- -1847 
 
 Clare, John. Northamptonshire Poet i793- • 1864 
 
 Clare, or Clara, St. Founder of Order of Nuns ii93- • 1253 
 
 Clarendon, Edward Hyde, First Earl of. Lord Chancellor. 
 
 {History of the Rebellion.) Life by self; T. H. Lister. . 1608. .1674 
 Clarendon, Henry Hyde, Second Earl of. Lord Lieuten- 
 ant. {History of the Irish Rebellion) 1638. .1709 
 
 Claret, Joan. Flemish Painter ti. 1600? 
 
 Claridge, Richard. Quaker Writer. Life by Jos. Besse 1649. .1723 
 Clario, Isidore. Tridentine Divine ; Annotator on Vulgate 1495 . . 1555 
 Clark, John, of Hull. Critic and Classical Commentator. — ..i734 
 Clark, John, of Edinb. Book Illustrator. {3Iyriorama). 1772^.1863 
 
 Clark, William. American General i77o- • 1838 
 
 Clark, William Tierney. Civil Engineer 1783. . 1852 
 
 Clark, Willis Gaylord. American Author 1810 . . 1841 
 
 Clarke, Adam, ll. d. Wesleyan Commentator. Life by 
 
 J. B. B. Clarke, 1833 ; S. Dunn, 1863 1760. . 1832 
 
 Clarke, Dr. Alured. Divine and Benefactor 1696. . 1742 
 
 Clarke, Sir Arthur. Irish Phys., Med. Writ., & Philanthr. 1773. . 18^7 
 
 Clarke, Rev. Edward. Scholar 1730. .1786 
 
 Clarke, Edward Daniel, ll. d. Traveler and Mineralogist. 
 
 Life by Bishop Otter, 1825 1769. • 1822 
 
 Clarke, George Roger. American General — . . 1808 
 
 Clarke, Henry, ll. d. Mathematician i745 • • 1818 
 
 Clarke, Henry Jas.Wm., Duke of Feltre. Marsh, of France 1765 . . 1818 
 Clarke, Rev. James Stanier. Naval and Historical Writer. 
 
 {Life of James JI.) — • • 1834 
 
 Clarke, Jeremiah. Musical Composer — . .1707 
 
 Clarke, John. One of the Founders of Rhode Island — . . 1676 
 
 Clarke, John. Scottish Portrait Engraver i65o-'' 1721 
 
 Clarke, John, D.D. Dean of Salisbur7. {OHginof Evil) — ..1759 
 
 Clarke, John, m. d. Scottish Medical Writer 1744. . 1805 
 
 Clarke, M'Donald. American Poet 1798. . 1842 
 
 Clarke, Samuel, m. a. Orientalist 1623 .. 1669 
 
 Clarke, Rev. Sam. Biographer. Ejected Nonconformist 1599. .1682 
 Clarke, Samuel, son. Dissenter. {Annotations on Bible) 1627?. 1701 
 Clarke, Samuel, d.d. Class. Commentator. {Doctrine of 
 
 the Trinity.) Life by Hoadly, 1738; W. Whiston, 1748 1675. .1729 
 Clarke, or Clark, Dr. Samuel. Dissenting Minister of St. 
 
 Albans. ( Scripture Promises) — • .1769 
 
 Clarke, William. Divine and Antiquary 1696. .1771 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAi»HICAT, iDTCTlO-^M^"?; i V] ijU'X 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Clarkson, David. Ejected ITonconformist 1622. . 1686 
 
 Clarkson, Thos. Slavery Abolitionist. L. by Thos. Taylor 1760. , 1846 
 
 Clason, Isaac S. American Author and Actor 1789. • 1834 
 
 Clauberg, John. German Metaphysician 1622 . . 1665 
 
 Claude, Le Jeune, or Claudin. Huguenot Composer — aft.1580 
 
 Claude Lorraine. Claude Gelee. Painter 1600. . 1682 
 
 Claude, John. Fr. Prot. {Ess. on Sermon.) L. by Robinson 1619. .1687 
 Clauder, Gabriel. German Medical Writer, . .'.... 1 ... . 1633 . . 1691 
 
 Claudian, Claudius. Latin Poet — aft. 404? 
 
 Claudius I. Roman Emperor (41-54) b.c.io A.D.54 
 
 Claudius II. Gothicus. Emperor (268-70) 214.. 270 
 
 Claudius Crassus, Appius. Roman Decemvir — B.c.449 
 
 Claudius Nero. Roman General fl. 3d c. B.C. 
 
 Clausel, Bertrand, Count. French General 1772 . . 1842 
 
 Claverhouse, John Graham of, Viscount Dundee ... 1650^ 1689 
 
 Claviere, Stephen. French Statesman and Financier ... 1735 . .1793 
 
 Clavigero, Francis Xavier. Mexican Historian 1720. .1793 
 
 Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de. Span. Ambassador and Writer — ..1412 
 
 Clavijo y Faxardo, Joseph. Spanish Writer 1726. . 1806 
 
 Clavius, Christopher. German Jesuit. Mathematician. . 1537. .1612 
 
 Clay, Henry. American Statesman 1777 . . 1852 
 
 Clay, John. Jail Chaplain — . . 1858 
 
 Clayton, Augustin Smith. American Jurist 1783 . . 1839 
 
 Clayton, John. American Botanist 1686. .1773 
 
 Clayton, John Middleton. American Statesman 1796. . 1856 
 
 Clayton, Robert. Bishop of Clogher 1695 . . 1 758 
 
 Cleanthes. Stoic Philosopher. {Eymn to Zeus) ab. b.c. 210 
 
 Clearchus. Lacedaemonian General fl. B.C. 400 
 
 Cleaveland, Parker. American Mineralogist and Scientist 1780.. 1858 
 
 Cleaver, William. Bishop of St. Asaph -*■ . . 1815 
 
 Cleef, Henry van. Painter of Antweip 1510?. 1589 
 
 Cleef, John van. Flemish Painter 1646. .1716 
 
 Cleef, or Cleve, Joseph, Joas, or Joost, van. Paint, of Antw. fl. 15 11 
 
 Cleef, Martin van. Painter 1501 ' .1551 
 
 Clegg, John. Violinist 1714.aft.1742 
 
 Cleghorn, George. Scottish Physician and Anatomist. . 1716. .1789 
 
 Cleland, James, ll,. d. Statistical Writer 1770. .1840 
 
 Cleland, John. Writer. ( Woman of Pleasure) 1707' . 1789 
 
 Clemangis, or Claminges, Matthew Nicholas. Fr. Theol. 1360? . 1440? 
 Clemencet, Charles. Fr. Benedictine. (L'Artde Vei-if.) 1704. .lyjS 
 
 Clemencin, Diego. Spanish Statesman and Writer 1765 . . 1834 
 
 Clement I. Bishop of Rome 30''. 100 
 
 Clement II. Pope (1046-47). Life by P. F. Lafitau . . . —..1047 
 
 Clement III. (1187-91) — ..1191 
 
 Clement IV. (1265-68.) Guy de Foulques. Life by Clau- 
 dius Clemens — . . 1268 
 
 Clement V. (1305-14.) Bertrand de Goth. {Clem. Code) 1264. .1314 
 
 Clement VI. (1342-52.) Peter Roger 1292.. 1352 
 
 Clement VII. (1523-34.) Julius de' Medid — ..1534 
 
 Clement VIII. (1592-1605.) Hippolytus Aldobrandin . . 1536. . 1605 
 Clement IX. (1667-69.) Jul. Eospig'liosi. L. by Latitau 1600. . 1669 
 Clement X. (1670-76.) John Baptist Emilius Altieri .. . 1590.. 1676 
 Clement XI. (1700-21.) John Francis Albani. Life by 
 
 Reboulet 1649. .1721 
 
X^^'! : ; AJbRIEF :BldG^APHlCAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Clement XII. (1730-40.) Lawrence Coi'sini 1652. .1740 
 
 Clement XIII. (1758-69.) Charles Hezzunico 1693.. 1769 
 
 Clement XIV. (1769-74.) John Vincent Ganganelli. . . . 1705. .1774 
 
 Clement, David. Hessian Bibliographer 1701 . .1760 
 
 C16ment, Francis. French Benedictine. {DArtde Verif.) 1714. .1793 
 
 Clement, James. Assassin of Heni-y III. of France 1567. .1589 
 
 Clement, John. Greek Professor at Oxford — • • ^57^ 
 
 C16ment, John Mary Bernard. Fr. Critic and Dramatist 1742. .1812 
 
 Clement, Joseph. Mechanic i779- • 1844 
 
 Clement, Julian. French Accoucheur , 1630. .1729 
 
 Clement, Peter, of Geneva. Poetical Writer 1707. .1767 
 
 Clement, Titus Flavius, of Alexandria. Christian Writer — .. 220? 
 
 Clementi, Muzio. Musical Composer 1752. . 1832 
 
 Clenardus, or Cleynaerts, Nicholas. Flemish Philologist 1495 . . 1 542 
 
 Cleobulus. One of the Seven Sages of Greece 6th c. b.c. 
 
 Cleombrotus I. King of Sparta; fell at Leuctra — B.c.371 
 
 Cleomedes. Greek Astronomer. {Circular Theory) fi. 2d.c.? 
 
 Cleomenes. Spartan King (B. c. 236-220) and Reformer — B.c.220 
 
 Cleon. Athenian Politician — B.c.422 
 
 Cleopatra. Queen of Egypt 69 . . 30 B.C. 
 
 Clerc, John le. Le Chevalier. Fr. Painter and Engraver 1587. . 1633 
 
 Clerc, John le. Critic. See Leclerc 1657. .1736 
 
 Clerc, Nicholas. French Medical Writer — aft. 1771 
 
 Clerc, Sebastian le. French Designer and Etcher 1637. .1714 
 
 Clerc, Sebastian le, son. Historical Painter 1684?. 1767 
 
 Clerc, Le. See Leclerc. 
 
 Clerck, Chas. Swed. Entomologist. {Tcones Insectorum) fl. 1750 
 
 Clerfayt, Francis S. C. J., Count de. Austrian General . . 1733. .1798 
 
 Clerk, John, of Eldin. Naval Tactician — . . 1812 
 
 Clerk, Jt)hn, Lord Eldin, son. Scottish Judge 1757?. 1832 
 
 Clerke, Charles. Navigator 1 741 . . 1 779 
 
 Clerke, Gilbert. Divine and Mathematician 1626?. 1695? 
 
 Clermont Tonnerre, Stanislaus, Ct. of. Fr. Polit. Writer 1747. .1792 
 
 Clerselier, Claude. French Metaphysician 1614?. 1684 
 
 C16ry, John Baptist. Servant of Louis XVI. {Journal) 1759. .1809 
 
 Clery, Michael. One of the " Four Masters " — . . 1643 
 
 Cleveland, John. Loyalist and Poet 1613 . . 1659 
 
 Clevenger, Shobal Vail. American Sculptor 1812. . 1843 
 
 Cleyer, Andrew.' German Medical Writer fl. 1680 
 
 Cleyn, or Clenn, Francis de. German Painter in England — . . 1658 
 Clifford, Ann, Countess of Dorset. Author & Benefactor 1589. . 1676 
 Clifford, George, 3d E. Cumberland. Naval Commander 1558. .1605 
 
 Clifford, Henry, Tenth Lord. Shepherd Lord — . .1523 
 
 Clifford, John, Ninth Lord. The Black and The Butcher — ..1461 
 
 Clifford, Martin. Writer. ( On Human Reason) — . . 1677 
 
 Clifford, Thos., 8th Lord. Lancastrian ; fell at St. Albans — ••i455 
 
 Clift, WilUam. Naturalist i775 • • 1849 
 
 Clifton, Francis. Medical Writer fl. 1732 
 
 Clifton, William. American Poet 1772. .1799 
 
 Clinton, De Witt. 'American Statesman 1 769 .. 1828 
 
 Clinton, George. American Statesman and General 1739.. 1812 
 
 Clinton, Sir Henry. English General in America ...... — . .1795 
 
 Clinton, Henrv Fvnes. Chronologist. {Fasti.) Life b}"- 
 
 self, edited^by 'C. J. F. Clinton, 1854 1781 . . 1852 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 103 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Clinton, James. American General 1736. . 1812 
 
 Clisson, Oliver de. Constable of France 1332' • 1407 
 
 Cliathenes. Athenian Demagogue fl. b.c. 510 
 
 Clitus. Greek Gen. of Macedon ; slain by Alex, the Great — B.c.328 
 
 Clive, Mrs. Catherine. Actress 1711 . .1785 
 
 CUve, Robert, First Lord. Life by Sir J. Malcolm, 1836 ; 
 
 Macaulay ; G. R. Gleig, 1848 ; C Caraccioli 1725 .. 1774 
 
 Clodius Pulcher, Publius. Roman Tribune (b. c. 58). . — B.C. 52 
 Cloncurry, Valentine Browne Lawless, Lord. Life by 
 
 Fitzpatrick i773- • 1853 
 
 Clootz, John Baptist. Anacharsis Clootz. Fr. Revolutionist 1755.. 1794 
 
 Clopinel, or John de Meung. French Poet 1250?. 1318? 
 
 Closterman, John. German Portrait Painter 1656. . 1713 
 
 Clotaire I. son of Clovis. King of France (511-61) 497- • 561 
 
 Clotaire II. son of Chilperic. King of France 584'. 628 
 
 Clotaire III. King of France 652? . 670? 
 
 Clotilde. Wife of Clovis 475.. 545 
 
 Cloud, or Clodoald, St., grandson of Clovis — . . 560 
 
 Clouet, Albert. Engraver fl. 1641-75 
 
 Clouet, Peter, of Antwerp. Engraver 1606. . 1668 
 
 Clouet. French Chemist and Metallurgist 1751.. 1801 
 
 Clough, Arthur Hugh. Poet 1819?. i86i 
 
 Clovio, Julius. Missal Illuminator 1498. .1578 
 
 Clovis I. King of the Franks 465.. 511 
 
 Clovis II. King of France 633 . . 656 
 
 Clovis III 681 . . 695 
 
 Clowes, John. Swedenborgian Divine i743- -1831 
 
 Clowes, William. Surgeon — aft.1596 
 
 Clowes, William. Printer 1779- • 1847 
 
 Clubbe, Rev. John. Humorist 1703- -^773 
 
 Clubbe, William. Poet. Translator of Horace — ..1814 
 
 Cluentius Habitus, A. Defended by Cicero 103 aft.66 b.c. 
 
 Clusius, or De I'Ecluse, Chas. Dutch Phys. and Botanist 1526. .1609 
 
 Clutterbuck, Robert. Antiquary 1 772 . , 1831 
 
 Cluvier, Philip. Cluverius. Geographer 1580. . 1623 
 
 Clyde, Colin Campbell, Lord. Field Marshal 1792. . 1863 
 
 Clymer, George. American Statesman i739- • 1813 
 
 Cobb, James. Dramatic Writer 1756. .1818 
 
 Cobb, Lyman. American Lexicographer and Author. ... — . . 1863 
 
 Cobb, Samuel. Poet — ..1713 
 
 Cobbett, William." Writer. L.by his sons; Huish, 1835 1762. .1835 
 
 Cobden, Richard, m. p. Politician and Economist 1804. .1865 
 
 Cobentzel, or Cobenzl, Charles, Count de. Statesman. , 1712. .1770 
 
 Cobentzel, John Philip, Count de. Statesman 1741 . . 1810 
 
 Cobentzel, Louis, Comit de. Statesman i753' .1808 
 
 Cobham, John, Lord. English Warrior in France — . . 1407 
 
 Cobham, Sir John Oldcastle, Lord. Martyr 1360. . 141 7 
 
 Coburg-Saxe, Josias, Prince of. Austrian Field Marshal 1737. .1815 
 Coccapani, Sigismund, of Florence. Painter and Arcnitect 1583. .1642 
 
 Coceeius, Henry Freiherr von. Dutch Jurist 1644. .1719 
 
 Cocceius, John. ' Hebraist. Commentator 1603. . 1669 
 
 Coceeius, Samuel. Prussian Statesman 1679. . i755 
 
 Cocchi, Anthony. Italian Physician 1695 . .1758 
 
 Coccopani, John. Architect 1582. .1649 
 
304 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Cochin, Charles Nicholas. French Engraver and Writer 1688. .1754 
 
 Cochin, Henry. French Lawyer and Divine 1687. .1747 
 
 Cochlaeus, John. Roman Catholic Controversialist I479- -1552 
 
 Cochran, William. Scottish Artist 1738 . .1785 
 
 Cochrane, Archibald, Earl Dundonald. Scientific Writer 1749. . 1831 
 
 Cochrane, John Dundas. Traveler on foot 1780?. 1825 
 
 Cochrane, Thos., Earl of Dundonald. Nav. Commander 1775 . . i860 
 
 Cock, Jerome. Painter 1510?. 1570 
 
 Cock, Matthew, of Antwerp, brother. Painter 1500?. 1554 
 
 Cockain, or Cokayne, Sir Aston. Poetical Writer 1608. . 1684 
 
 Cockburn, Mrs. Catherine. Miscel. Writer. L. by Birch 1679. -1749 
 
 Cockburn, Sir George. Admiral 1772. . 1853 
 
 Cockburn, Henry Dundas, Lord. Scottish Judge 1779 . . 1854 
 
 Cockbume, William. Medical Writer 1650?. 1736? 
 
 Cocker, Edward. Arithmetician 1631 . . 1677? 
 
 Cockerill, John. English Engineer 1790. . 1840 
 
 Cockson, Thomas. Engraver fl. 1630 
 
 Coda, Benedict. Ferrarese Painter 1460'. 1520? 
 
 Coddington, William. Founder of the Colony of Rhode 
 
 Island 1601. .1678 
 
 Codinus, Georgius. Curopalates. Greek Compiler — aft.1453 
 
 Codratus. Greek Physician, Saint, and Martyr — . . 258? 
 
 Codrington, Christopher. Scholar and Benefactor 1668.. 1710 
 
 Codrington, Sir Edward. Vice-Admiral 1770. . 1851 
 
 Codrington, Robert. Miscel. Writer and Translator. .. . 1602.. 1665 
 
 Codrus. Last King of Athens — ab.B.c.io68 
 
 Coeck, or Koeck, Peter, or Van Aelst. Flemish Painter. 1500. .1550 
 
 Coefifeteau, Nicholas. Translator of Florus i574- • 1^623 
 
 Coehorn, or Cohorn, Menno, Baron von. Dutch Engineer 1641?.! 704? 
 
 Ccelestius. Heresiarch; Partisan of Pelagius — aft. 430 
 
 Coello, Alonzo Sanchez. Portuguese Titian. Painter. .. 1515. .1590 
 
 Coello, Claudio. Spanish Painter 1621 . . 1693 
 
 Coelmans, James. Engraver of Antwerp 1670?. 1735 
 
 Coeln, William von. Meister Wilhelm. German Painter fl. 1370 
 Coen, John Peterson. Dutch Governor in East Indies. . . 1587. . 1629 
 
 Coessin, F. G. French Mystic 1782. 1842 or 3 
 
 Ccenr, James. French Merchant — . . 1456 
 
 Coffey, Charles. Poet — • • i745 
 
 CoflQn, Sir Isaac. English Admiral i759- -1839 
 
 Coflln, Richard, or Robert. South American Poet i797- • 1827 
 
 Cogan, Thomas, M. d., of Manchester. Medical "S^riter. . — . . 1607 
 Cogan, Thomas, m. d. Co-founder of the Royal Humane 
 
 Society. ( On the Passions) ". ^736- • 1818 
 
 Coggeshalle, Ralph, Abbot of. Historian — . . 1228 
 
 Cogswell, William. American Clergyman and Writer. . . 1789.. 1850 
 Cohausen, John Henry. German Phj'sician. {Hermip- 
 
 pus Redivivus) 1665 . .1750 
 
 Cohorn, or Coehorn, Menno, Baron von. Dutch Engineer 1641 ?. 1704? 
 
 Coictier, or Coitier, .James. Physician to Louis XI — ..1505? 
 
 Coignet, Giles. Giles of Antwerp. Painter 1530- • 1600 
 
 Cointe, Charles le. French Ecclesiastical Historian 1611 . . 1681 
 
 Coiter, Volcher. Anatomist at Groningen 15 34- -1576' 
 
 Cokayne, Sir Aston. Poet 1608 . . 1684 
 
 Coke, Sir Edward. Lord Chief Justice i549 • • 1634 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 105 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Coke, Dr. Thomas. Founder of Wesleyan Missions 1747 . . 1814 
 
 Cola, Gennaro di. Neapolitan Painter ' 1320 . . 1370? 
 
 Cola dell' Amatrice. Painter and Architect fl. 1 525-42 
 
 Colantonio, Marzio di. Italian Painter 1662. .1701 
 
 Colardeau, Charles Peter. French Poet 1732. .1766 
 
 Colbach, John. Medical Writer fl. 1695-17 19 
 
 Colbert, John Baptist. Financier. L. by P. Clement, 1846 1619. . 1683 
 Colbert, John Baptist, Marquis de Torci, son. French 
 
 Minister of Marine 1665 . .1746 
 
 Colburn, Warren. American Mathematician i793- • 1833 
 
 Colburn, Zerah. American Mathematical Prodigy 1804. . 1840 
 
 Colby, Thomas, Major-General. Ordnance Surveyor.. . 1784. . 1852 
 
 Colchester, Charles Abbot, Lord. Speaker 1757- • 1829 
 
 Colden, Cadwallader. Naturalist. {Five Nations) 1688.. 1776 
 
 Cole, Charles Nelson. Legal Antiquar}' 1722. .1804 
 
 Cole, Henry, d. d. Dean of St. Paul's. Roman Catholic 
 
 Controversialist — • • '579 
 
 Cole, Thomas. Dissenting Divine. {On Regeneration).. — ..1697 
 
 Cole, Thomas. Painter 1801 . . 1848 
 
 Cole, William. Herbalist. {Adam in Eden) 1626. . 1662 
 
 Cole, William. Medical Writer (m. d. 1666) fl. 1 7th c. 
 
 Cole, kev. William. Antiquarj'- 1714- .1782 
 
 Colebrooke, Henrys Thomas. Orientalist 1765 . . 1837 
 
 Coleridge, Hartley. Writer & Poet. L. by brother, 1851 1796. , 1849 
 
 Coleridge, Henry' Nelson. Writer 1800. . 1843 
 
 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Metaphysician & Poet. L. by 
 
 self {Biographia Liieraria); Oilman, 1840; Cottle, 1847 1772.. 1834 
 
 Coleridge, Sara, daughter. Writer 1803. . 1852 
 
 Coles, Elisha. {Dictionary) 1640''. 1700!" 
 
 Colet, John. Dean of St. Paul's. Life by Dr. Samuel 
 
 Knight, 1726; Erasmus, in " Phoenix," Vol. II 1466. .1519 
 
 Coley, Henry. Astrologer 1633 . . 1690 
 
 Colgan, John. Irish Franciscan. Hagiologist — . . 1658 
 
 Coli, John. Italian Fresco Painter 1634. , 1681 
 
 Coligni, Gaspard de. Admiral. Life by Courtiltz, 1686 . 15 1 7. . 1572 
 Coligni, Henrietta, Countess de la Suze, dau. Poetical Wr. 1618 . . 1673 
 
 Colignon, Francis. French Engraver 1621?. 1671 
 
 Colin, Alexander. Belgian Sculptor 1520 . . 1612 
 
 Colinseus, or Colines, Simon. Printer at Paris — 1546 or 7 
 
 Collado, Diego. Spanish Missionary in the East — . . 1638 
 
 Collaert, Adrian. Engraver and Printseller of Antwerp. 1520?. 1567 
 Collaert, Hans, or John, son. Designer and Engraver, fl.1555-1622 
 Collanges, Gabriel de. French Writer. {Polygraphy) . . 1521 , . 1572 
 
 C0II6, Charles. French Poet and Song Writer 1709- .1783 
 
 Colle, John. Italian Medical Writer 1558. . 1630 
 
 Colle, Raffaellino del. Italian Painter 1490. . 1530 
 
 Colleone, Bartholomew. Venetian Generalissimo 1400. . 1475 
 
 Colleoni, Jerome. Painter of Bergamo fl. 1556 
 
 Colles, Christopher. Philosophic Adventurer 1738?. 1821 
 
 Collet, John. English Humorous Painter 1725 . .1780 
 
 Collet, Peter. French Controversial Divine 1693. .1770 
 
 Collet, Philibert. French Writer 1643. .1718 
 
 Colletet, William. French Poet 1598 . . 1659 
 
 Colletta, Peter. Neapolitan Patriot 1 775 • • 1831 
 
106 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. WKD. 
 
 Collier, Arthur. English Philosopher 1680. . 1732 
 
 Collier, Jeremy. Nonjuring Bishop. {Eccles. History).. 1650. .1726 
 
 Collin, Henry Joseph. German Medical Writer 1731 • -1784 
 
 Collin, Henry Joseph von. German Poet 1772 . . 181 1 
 
 Collin, Matthew von, brother. German Tragic Poet 1779. .1826 
 
 Collin d'Harleville, John Francis. Dramatist and Poet 1755 . . 1806 
 
 Collings, John. Ejected Nonconformist and Critic 1623. . 1690 
 
 Collingwood, Cutlibert, Admh-al Lord. Life by G. L. N. 
 
 CoUingwood, 1829 1748. . 1810 
 
 Collini, Cosmo Alexander. Italian Scholar 1727. . 1806 
 
 Collins, Anthony. Deist 1676. .1729 
 
 Collins, Arthur. {Peerage) 1682. . 1760 
 
 Collins, David. Governor of Van Diemen's Laud. {His- 
 tory of Botany Bay) ' 1756. . 1810 
 
 Collins, John. Mathematician 1624. . 1683 
 
 Collins, Richard. Engraver at Brussels fl. 1664-85 
 
 CoUins, Samuel. Eng. Phys. and Naturalist in Russia. . fl. 1650-85 
 
 CoUins, William. Poet. Life by W. Mov Thomas 1720. . 1756 
 
 CoUins, Wm., r. a. Painter. L. by W. W. Collins, 1848 1787. . 1847 
 
 Collinson, Rev. John. Topographer. {Somerset) — ••^793 
 
 Collinson, Peter. Botanist 1694. . 1768 
 
 Collius, Francis, of Milan. Writer. {De Animabus Pag- 
 
 ano7'uni) — . . 1640 
 
 Collot, Germain. French Surgeon. See Colot fl. 1461-80 
 
 CoUot d'Herbois, John Mary. French Revolutionist. . . 1750. . 1796 
 
 Collyer, Joseph. Engraver 1748 . . 1827 
 
 Colman, George. Dramatic Poet. Translator of Terence 1733''. 1794 
 
 Colman, George, son. Dramatic Poet • 1762. . 1836 
 
 Colocci, Angelo. Italian Bishop and Latin Poet 1467 . -1549 
 
 Colocotronis, Theodore 1770. . 1843 
 
 Cologne, Peter de. Protestant Minister at Metz — . .1558 
 
 Colomb, Paul de Batines. French Writer on Dante 1812. . 1855 
 
 Colombel, Nicholas. French Painter 1646, .1717 
 
 Colombiere, Claude de la. French Jesuit 1611 . . 1682 
 
 Colomboni, Angiol Maria. Painter 1608. . 1672 
 
 ColomiSs, or Colomesius, Paul. {Icon Theohgorum Pres- 
 
 byterianorum) 1638 . . 1692 
 
 Coloni, Adam. The Old. Dutch Painter in London 1634. . 1685 
 
 Coloni, Henry Adrian. The Young, son. Painter 1668. .1701 
 
 Colonna, Ascanius. Cardinal. Collector of Books 1560?. 1608 
 
 Colonna, Fabio. Italian Philosopher 1567'. 1650 
 
 Colonna, Francis. Venetian Writer. {HypnerotomacMa) i^^;^. .1^27 
 Colonna, Francis Maria Pompeo. Botanist. {Natural 
 
 History of the Universe) 1649?. 1726 
 
 Colonna, Giles. Italian Theologian — . . 1316 
 
 Colonna, John Paul. Composer of Church Music fl. 1690? 
 
 Colonna, Mark Anthony, jr. Italian General — . .1584 
 
 Colonna, Michael Angelo. Italian Painter 1600. . 1687 
 
 Colonna, Pompeo. Cardinal. {De Laudibus Muliehrum) — ..1532 
 
 Colonna, Prospero. Italian General 1452. -1523 
 
 Colonna, Vittoria, Marchioness of Pescara. Poetess .... 1490; .1547 
 
 Colot, Francis. Lithotomist — . .1706 
 
 Colot, or Collot, Germain. Fr. Surgeon and Lithotomist . fl. 1461-80 
 Colot, Lawrence. Lithotomist fl. 1550 
 
A BKIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 107 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Colotes. Sculptor of Paros fl. b. c. 444 
 
 Colquhoixn, Patrick, ll. d. Statistical Writer 1745 • • 1^20 
 
 Colrane, Henry Hare, Ld. Scot. Writ, and Book Collector 1693. .1749 
 
 Colson, John. Lucasian Professor at Cambridge — . .1760 
 
 Colston, Edward. Benefactor 1636. .1721 
 
 Colt, Samuel. Amer. Mechanician; Invent, of Colt's Rifle 1814. .1862 
 Colton, Calvin. Amer. Clergyman and Political Writer. 1789. .1857 
 
 Colton, Rev. Charles Caleb. (Lacon) 1780. . 1832 
 
 Colton, Walter. American Clergyman and Writer i797- .1851 
 
 Columba, St. Life by Adamanus ; J. Smith, 1798 521 ?. 597 
 
 Colvimbanus, St. Life by Jonas of Bobbio 543'. 615 
 
 Columbus, Bartholomew 1437 . . 1514 
 
 Columbus, Christopher, brother. Life by his son Ferdi- 
 nand, 1530; Cotolendi; Spotorno, 1823 ; Washington 
 
 Irving, 1825 1436?. 1506 
 
 Columbus, Rualdus. Anatomist — . . 1577 
 
 Coluraella. Roman Agricultural Writer fl. ti. Seneca 
 
 Colunma, Guy. Sicilian Chronicler fl. 1287 
 
 Coluthus. Greek Epic Poet. CEAeVrjs apnayn) fl. 500? 
 
 ColviUe, John. Scottish Writer — . . 1607 
 
 Colvlus, Andrew. Dutch Poet and Book Collector 1594. .1671 
 
 Colvius, Nicholas, son. Divine 1634. .1717 
 
 ColwiU, Alexander. Scottish Satirical Poet 1620. . 1676 
 
 Combe, Andrew, m.d. Physiologist. L. by G. Combe, 1850 1797. . 1847 
 Combe, Charles, m.d. Classical Scholar and Numismatist 1743. . 1817 
 Combe, George. Phrenologist. { Constitution of Ma7i) .. lySS. .iSe^S 
 
 Combefls, Francis. French Writer 1605 . . 1679 
 
 Comber, Thos. Dean of Durham. L. by T. Comber, 1799 1644. . 1699 
 Comenius, John Amos. Moravian. {Janua Linguar-uni) ic,g2. .i6ji 
 Comes, Natalis. Natal Conti. Greek and Latin Poet. . . — ..1582? 
 
 Comiers, Claude. French Mathematician — . . 1693 
 
 Comines, Philip de. Historian 1445 . .1509 
 
 Comitolo, Paul. Jesuit Writer 1545 . . 1626 
 
 Commandine, Frederick. Italian Mathematician 1509. . 1575 
 
 Commelin, Caspar. Botanist '. 1667 . . 1731 
 
 Commelin, Isaac. Dutch Historian 1598 . , 1676 
 
 Commelin, Jerome. French Printer — . .1598 
 
 Commelin, John. Dutch Botanist 1629 . . 1692 
 
 Commendone, John Francis. Card. Latin Poet of Italy 1524. .1584 
 Commerson, Philibert. French Physician and Botanist. 1727. .1773 
 
 Commire, John. French Jesuit. Latin Poet 1625 . . 1 702 
 
 Commodianus, of Gaza. Christian Poet. {Institutiones) fl. 4th c. 
 
 Commodo, Andrew. Italian Historical Painter 1560 . . 1638 
 
 Commodus. Roman Emperor (180-92) 161.. 192 
 
 Commonfort, Ygnacio. Mexican General and Statesman 1812. . 1863 
 
 Como, Era Emanuel da. Historical Painter 1625?. 170 1 
 
 Comodi, or Commodo, Andrew. Florentine Hist. Painter 1560. .1638 
 
 Compton, Henry. Bishop of London 1632. .1713 
 
 Compton, Spencer, Earl of Northampton. Rovalist 160 1 . . 1643 
 
 Comstock, John Lee, m. d. Amer. Auth. of School Books 1789. . 1858 
 
 Comte, Auguste. French Philosopher 1798. . 1857 
 
 Comte, Louis le. Jesuit Missionary to China — ..1729 
 
 Comte, Nicholas de. French Monk and Writer — . . 1689 
 
 Corny ns. Sir John. Judge. {Digest of English Law) ... — . . 1740 
 
108 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gonant, John. Divine 1608. . 1693 
 
 Conca, Sebastian. Italian Historical Painter 1676. . 1764 
 
 Concanen, Matthew. Political Writer and Poet — . , 1749 
 
 Concina, Daniel, of Venice. {System of Theology) 1686. .1756 
 
 Concini, or Marshal D'Ancre. Marshal of France — . .1617 
 
 Condamine, Charles Mary de la. Traveler 1701 . .1774 
 
 Cond6, Henry I., Prince of. 1552. .1588 
 
 Cond6, Heniy II., Prince of. Renomiced Protestantism. 
 
 Minister of State. Life by Renaudot, 1646 1588. . 1646 
 
 Cond6, Joseph Anthony. Spanish Orientalist 1765?. 1820 
 
 Cond6, Louis, First Prince of. Huguenot; killed at Jamac 1530. .1569 
 Coiid6, Louis II., Prince of. The Great. Due d'Enghien; 
 Commander. Life by Coste ; Desormeaux, 1768 ; Lord 
 
 Mahon, 1845 1621..1686 
 
 Conder, John, d. d. Dissenting Divine 1714. .1781 
 
 Conder, Josiah. Poet. Life by E. R. Conder, 1857 1789. . 1855 
 
 Condillac, Stephen-Bonnot de. Metaphysician 1715?. 1780 
 
 Condi vi, Ascanius. Painter and Sculptor, {Life of Mi- 
 chael Angeb) ' 1520. . — 
 
 Condorcet, M. J. A. N". Caritat, Marquis of. Metaphys.. 1743?. 1794 
 Condren, Charles de. French Oratorian. L. by Amelotte 1588. . 1641 
 
 Conecte, Thomas de. French Carmelite Preacher — . . 1434 
 
 Conegliano, II. John Baptist Cima. Painter 1460. .1517' 
 
 Conei, or Cowne, George. Scottish Roman Catholic. 
 
 {Life of Mary Stuart) — . . 1640 
 
 Coney, John. Engraver 1787?. 1833 
 
 Confucius. Kung-fu-ise. Chinese Philosopher 551 . 479 b. c. 
 
 Congleton, Henry Brooke Parnell, Lord. Politician 1776. .1842 
 
 Congreve,Wm. Dramatic Poet. L.byChas. Wilson, 1730 1670. .1729 
 Congreve, Sir Wm. Lieut.-Colonel. Inventor of Rockets 1772. .1828 
 Conington, Rev. F. T., of Oxford. Scholar and Writer. 1828?. 1863 
 
 Conner, David. American Naval Officer 1792?. 1856 
 
 Connor, Bernard. Irish Physician. {History of Poland). 1666. .idc^S 
 
 ConoUy, Colonel. Envoy to Bokhara; murdered — . . 1843 
 
 Conon. Athenian Commander — aft.B.c.393 
 
 Conrad I. Count of Franconia. King of Germany — . . 918 
 
 Conrad II. Emperor of Germany. TJie Salic — . . 1039 
 
 Conrad III 1093. .1152 
 
 Conrad IV 1228. . 1254 
 
 Conrad, or Conradin, son; beheaded by Charles of Anjou 1252. .1268 
 
 Conrad, of Wurtzburg. German Minnesinger — ..1287 
 
 Conrad, or Coenrads, Abraham. Dutch Engr. & Designer 1620''. — 
 
 Conrad, Robert T. American Judge and Poet 1810. . 1858 
 
 Conrart, Valentine. Founder of the French Academy. . . 1603.. 1675 
 
 Conri, Florence. Irish Friar and Theologian 1560. . 1629 
 
 Conringius, Hermann. Jurist, Antiquarian, & Philosopher 1606. .1681 
 
 Consalvi, P>cole. Cardinal. Roman Statesman i757- • 1824 
 
 Consentius. Grammarian of Constantinople fl. 450-'' 
 
 Consetti, Anthony. Italian Historical Painter 1686. . 1766 
 
 Constable, Archibald. Publisher. {Miscellany) 1775.. 1827 
 
 Constable, Henry. Poet fl. i6th c. 
 
 Constable, John, R. A. Painter. L. by C R. Leslie, 1815 1776. . 1837 
 
 Constans I. Emperor of Rome (337-50) 320. . 350 
 
 Constans II. (641-68.) Roman Emperor of the East .. . 630.. 668 
 
A BRIEF BIOGEAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 109 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Constant de Rebecque, David. Swiss Prot. Theologian 1638. .1733 
 Constant de Rebecque, Henry Benjamin. French Ora- 
 tor, Statesman, and Writer. " 1767- • 1830 
 
 Constantin Faulcon. Greek Adventurer 1648. . 1688 
 
 Constantino I. The Great. Emperor of Rome (306-37). 
 
 Life by Eusebius; J. Reuchlin. 272?. 337 
 
 Oonstantine II. (337-40) 316?. 340 
 
 Constantino III. (641) 612. . 641 
 
 Constantino IV. (668-85.) Pogonatus, or Barbatus . . . 648. , 685 
 
 Constantino V. Copronymus. (741-75) 718. . 775 
 
 Constantino VI. (780-797) 77i-. 797 
 
 Constantino VH. Fojyhyrogenitus. (911-59) 905 . . 959 
 
 Constantino VIII. (944-45) — . . 947 
 
 Constantino IX. (976-1028) 961.. 1028 
 
 Constantino X. Monomackus. (1042-54) 1000?. 1054 
 
 Constantino XI. Ducas. (1059-67) 1007?. 1067 
 
 Constantino XII. Ducas. (1067-78) — 1078 or 82 
 
 Constantino XIII. Palmologus. (1448-53) 1394. . 1453 
 
 Constantino. Pope (708-15) — . . 715 
 
 Constantino. The African. Orientalist and Physician . — ..1087 
 
 Constantino. Grand Prince of Russia, son of Paul 1779- • '^3* 
 
 Constantino, Anthony. Physician at Lyons — . . 1616 
 
 Constantino, Robt. Fr. Schol. {Lexicon Grceco-Latinum) — . . 1605 
 
 Constantius I. Chhrus. Emperor of Rome (305-6) 250?. 306 
 
 Constantius II. (337-61) 317. • 361 
 
 Constantius III. (421) — . . 421 
 
 Constanzo, Angelo de. Hist. & Poet. {History of Naples) 1507. . 1591' 
 Contarini, Gaspar. Cardinal. Divine and Statesman. 
 
 Life by John de la Casa 1483. .1542 
 
 Contarini, John. Historical and Portrait Painter i549- • 1605 
 
 Contarini, Vincent. Ital. Classical Scholar «& Antiquary 1577. .1617 
 
 Conte, Guido del, or Fassi. Inventor of Scagliola 1584. . 1649 
 
 Conte, Jacopino del. Ital. Historical and Portrait Painter 15 10. .1598 
 Conte, Nicholas James. French Painter and Mechanician 1755 . . 1805 
 
 Conti, Armand de Bourbon, Prince of 1629. . 1666 
 
 Conti, Charles. Engraver at Vienna 1742. .1790 
 
 Conti, Francis. Florentine Historical Painter 1681 . . 1760 
 
 Conti de Val Montone, Giusto de. Ital. Poet & Lawyer — . . 1449 
 
 Conti, Luke. Engraver and Architect I749- -1790 
 
 Conti, Nicholas di. De Comitibus. Traveler fl. 1444 
 
 Contini, John Baptist. Architect 1641 . .1723 
 
 Conto-Pertana, Joseph. Portuguese Poet — . .1735 
 
 Conway, Thos. Major-Gen.in Army of Amer. Revolution — afl.1770 
 Conybeare, John. Bishop of Bristol. {Defence of Revealed 
 
 Religion) 1692. .1755 
 
 Conybeare, John Josias. Divine, Critic, Antiquary 1779. . 1824 
 
 Conybeare, Wm. DanieL Dean of Llandaff. Geologist 1787. .1857 
 Conybeare, Rev. Wm. John. {L. of St. Paul ; Ch.Parties) —..1857 
 
 Cooghen, Leonard van. Painter 1610. . 1681 
 
 Cook, George, d. d. Scottish Divine and Historian 1795 • • ^^45 
 
 Cook, Henry. Painter 1642. .1700 
 
 Cook, Captain James. Navigator. Life by Kippis, 1788 1728. .1779 
 
 Cooke, Sir Anthony. Preceptor to Edward VI 1506?. 1576 
 
 Cooke, Dr. Benjamin. Musical Composer 1739. .1793 
 
 L 
 
110 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Cooke, George. Engraver 1781 . . 1834 
 
 Cooke, George Frederick. Actor 1755 , . 1812 
 
 Cooke, John Rodgers. American Jurist 1788. . 1854 
 
 Cooke, Philip Pendleton. American Poet 1816. . 1850 
 
 Cooke, Robert. Divine and Scholar — . , 1614 
 
 Cooke, Thomas. Poet. Translator of Hesiod 1702?. 1756 
 
 Cooke, Thomas. Musician 1781 . . 1848 
 
 Cooke, T. P. Actor 1786?. 1864 
 
 Cooke, Rev. Wm. Poet and Biographer. (Conversation) — ..1814 
 
 Cooke, William. Lawyer. (Bankrupt Laws) 1757. • 1832 
 
 Cooley, Thomas. Irish Architect 1740. .1784 
 
 Coombe, William. (Dr. Syntax) 1741 . . 1823 
 
 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 1st E. Shaftesbury. Statesman 1621 . .1683 
 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 3d E. Shaft. (Characteristics) 1671. .1713 
 Cooper, Sir Astley Paston. Surgeon. L. by B. B. Cooper 1768. . 1841 
 
 Cooper, James Fenimore. American Novelist 1789. .1851 
 
 Cooper, John Gilbert. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer. . 1723. .1769 
 
 Cooper, Dr. Miles. Divine and Poet — • -1785 
 
 Cooper, Richard. British Poussin. Painter and Engraver. 
 
 ( Views of Windsor) , — aft.i8o6 
 
 Cooper, Richard. Paint. & Engrav. ( View of St. Peter'' s) 1730. . 1820? 
 
 Cooper, Samuel. Miniature Painter 1609. .1672 
 
 Cooper, Rev. Samuel. American Patriot and Theologian 1725. .1823 
 
 Cooper, Thomas. Bishop of Winchester ( 1584-94 ) I5i7?.i594 
 
 Cooper, Thomas. Natural Philos., Lawyer, & Politician 1759. . 1840 
 
 Coote, Sir Charles, Viscount. Irish Politician — . . 1661 
 
 Coote, Sir Eyre. Commander in India — 1726. .1783 
 
 Cootwyck, or Kootwyck, Jurian. Dutch Goldsm. & Engr. 1 714 . . — 
 
 Cop, William. Swiss Physician (m. d. 1495) — ••1532 
 
 Cope, Sir John. Eng. General; defeated at Prestonpans. 1745. . — 
 
 Copernicus, Nicholas. Astronomer 1473 . . 1 543 
 
 Cophsis, Samuel. Spanish Rabbi — . . 1034 
 
 Coplestone, Edward. Bishop of LlandafF( 1827-49). Life 
 
 by W. J. Coplestone, 1851 1776. .1849 
 
 Copley, John Singleton. Painter 1 737 .. 1815 
 
 Copley, John Singleton, Ld. Lyndhurst, son. Ld. Chanc. 1772. .1863 
 Coppa, II Cavalier. Antony Giarola. Historical Painter 1595. .1665 
 
 Coppetta. Francis Beccuti. Italian Poet 1509- • i553 
 
 Coppi, James. Florentine Painter 1523. .1591 
 
 Coq, Peter le. French Canonist 1728. .1777 
 
 Coquelin, Charles. French Political Economist ^^°3' • ^^5^ 
 
 Coques, Gonzalo, of Antwerp. Painter 1618. . 1684 
 
 Coradi, or Curadi, Octavius. Bolognese Painter ^ — . . 1643 
 
 Coram, Capt. Thomas. Founder of Foundling Hospital . 1668?. 1 751 
 Coras, James de. Fr. Poetical Writ. (Jonaha7id Nineveh) i6;^o. .1677 
 Coras, John de. Fr. Civilian. Life W James de Coras. 1513- -1572 
 
 Coray, Adamantios. Modern Greek Author 1748. . 1833 
 
 Corbet, John. Ejected Nonconformist. Writer 1620. . 1680 
 
 Corbet, Richard. Bishop. Poet. Life by Gilchrist, 1807 1582. .1635 
 
 Corbulo, Cneius Domitius. Roman Commander — .. 67 
 
 Corcoran, Michael. American General 1827. . 1863 
 
 Cordara, Julius Caesar. (Hisioria Societatis Jesu) 1704- -1784 
 
 Corday d'Axmans, Marianne Charlotte de. Assassinator 
 
 of Marat 1768. .1793 
 
• A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. Ill 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Corde, Maurice de la. Fr. Huguenot Scholar and Phys. fl. 1559-84 
 
 Cordemoy, Gerard de. French Historian — . . 1684 
 
 Cordemoy, Louis Gerard de, son. French Theologian . . 165 1. .1722 
 
 Corder, Balthasar. Dutch Jesuit; Greek Critic 1592. .1650 
 
 Oordes, John de. French Writer 1570. . 1642 
 
 Oordier, or Corderius, Mathurin. ( Colloquies) 1478. .1564 
 
 Oordieri, Nicholas. Jl Franciosino. Sculptor 1561 . . 1612 
 
 Oordiner, Charles. Topographer and Antiquary 1746. .1794 
 
 Cordova, Adrian of. Spanish Carmelite; Hist. Painter. . — . .1630 
 
 Cordova, Francis Fernandez de. Spanish Navigator — . .1518 
 
 Cordova, Joseph M. South American General 1797''. 1029 
 
 Cordova, Louis Fernandez de. Spanish General i799' • 1840 
 
 Corduba, Francis. Italian Painter and Engraver — . . — 
 
 Cordus, Euricius. German Medical and Poetical "Writer, i486. .1538 
 
 Cordus, Valerius, son. Botanist 15^5 • -1544 
 
 Oorelli, Arcangelo. Italian Violinist 1653. .1713 
 
 Corenzio, Belisarius. Greek Painter at Naples 1558?. 1643 
 
 Coriate, or Coryate, George. Latin Poet — , . 1606 
 
 Coriate, or Coryate, Thomas. Traveler and Writer 1577. , 161 7 
 
 Corilla. Mary Magdalen Fernandez. Improwisatrice. . 1740. .1800 
 
 Corinna. Greek Poetess fl. B.C. 490? 
 
 Corio, Bernardine. Historian of Milan i459- -1519 
 
 Coriolano, Bartholomew. Engraver 1590- • 1654 
 
 Coriolano, Christopher. Designer and Engraver on Wood 1560?. 1600? 
 
 Coriolano, John Baptist. Engraver 1595 . . 1649 
 
 Coriolanus. Roman General — dft.B.c.489 
 
 Cormontaigne, Louis de. French Military Engineer 1696?. 1752 
 
 Comachini, Mark. Medical Writer fl. 1607 
 
 Comaehini, Thomas. Italian Medical Writer — . . 1605 . 
 
 Comarius, John. German Medical Writer 1500. .1558 
 
 Cornaro, or Comelio, Flaminius. Italian Historian 1693. .1778 
 
 Cornaro, Francis. Cardinal Bishop of Brescia 1479''. 1543 
 
 Cornaro, George Basil. Cardinal Bishop of Padua 1658. .1722 
 
 Cornaro, Louis, of Venice. {Discorsi della Vita Sobria). 1467.. 1566 
 Cornaro-Piscopia, Lucretia Helena. Venetian Scholar. 1646. .1684 
 
 Comazzani, Anthony. Italian Poet fl. 15th c. 
 
 Corneille, jQhn Baptist. Painter and Engraver 1646. .1695 
 
 Corneille, Michael. French Painter and Engraver 1603. .1664 
 
 Corneille, Michael, son. Painter and Engraver 1642. . 1708 
 
 Corneille, Peter. Dramatic Poet 1606 . .1684 
 
 Corneille, Thomas, brother. Dramatist. {Diet of Art) 1625. .1709 
 
 Cornelia. Roman Matron; wife of Gracchus 2d c. b.c. 
 
 Cornells, or Comely. Cornelius van Haerlem. Painter. 1562. .1638 
 Comelisz, or Cornelissen, Jacob, of Amsterdam. Painter 1471?. 1567 
 
 Cornelisz, or Cornelius, Lucas. Dutch Painter i493- -1552 
 
 Cornelius, St. Bishop of Rome (250-52) — . . 252 
 
 Corner, George Richard. Antiquaiy and Legal Writer. . i8oi?.i863 
 Cometto, Adrian. Castellesi. Cardinal. Bishop of Bath 
 
 and Wells —aft. 1518 
 
 Comhert, or Coornhert, Diederik. Dutch Writer 1522. . 1590 
 
 Corniani, John Baptist, Count de. Italian Writer 1742. .1813 
 
 Comwallis, Sir Charles. Ambassador to Spain — . . 1630? 
 
 Cornwallis, Charles, 1st Marquess of. Gov.-Gen. of India 1 738 . . 1805 
 Corona, Leonard. Historical Painter 1561 . . 1605 
 
112 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. - 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ooronado, Francis Vasquez de. Spamsh Explorer — , . 1542 
 
 Ooronelli, Mark Vincent, of Venice. Math. & Geographer 1650?. 1718 
 
 Corr, Erin. Belgian Engraver 1803. . 1862 
 
 Corradi, Dominic. E Ghirlandajo. Florentine Painter. 1449. .1498 
 
 Corradini de Sezza, Peter Marcellinus. Cardinal 1658. . 1743 
 
 Corradus, Sebastian. Grammarian of Bologna — . .1556 
 
 Oorrea de Serra, Joseph Francis. Portuguese Scholar. . 1750. . 1823 
 Correggio, Antonio AUegri da. Italian Painter. Life by 
 
 Mengs ; Coxe, 1823 1494 . . 1 534 
 
 Corri, Dominic. Musical Composer. ( TAe Trat'eZe?*). .. 1744. .1825 
 Corrie, Daniel. Bishop of Madras. Life by his brothers 1777. .1837 
 
 Corrozet, Giles. Bookseller and Writer at Paris 15 10. .1568 
 
 Oorsini, Edward, of Pisa. Philosopher & Mathematician 1702. .1765 
 
 Oort, Cornelius. Dutch Artist and Engraver 1536. . 1578 
 
 Cort, Henry, of Gosport. Metallurgist 1 740 . . 1800 
 
 Corte, Caesar. Genoese Painter 1550- • 1613' 
 
 Oorte, David, son. Painter — . . 1657 
 
 Cortereal, Gasper. Portuguese Navigator — . . 1502? 
 
 Cortesi, Giovanna. Painter of Florence 1670? . 1 736 
 
 Cort6s, Hernando. Conqueror of Mexico 1485 . . 1554 
 
 Cortesi, or Courtois, Jas. II Borgognone. Pa. of Battles. 1621 . .1676 
 Cortesi, Wm., brother. II Borgognone. Historical Painter 1628. .1679 
 Cortesius, Paul. Ital. Theologian. (De Hominibus Doctis) 1465 . . 1 5 10 
 
 Cortez, Gregory. Italian Classical Scholar 1483. • 1548 
 
 Cortez, Hernando. See Cortes 1485 . . 1554 
 
 Corti, Matthew. Curtius. Italian Medical Writer 1475 , . 1544 
 
 Corticelli, Salvator. Italian Grammarian 1690. .1758 
 
 Cortona, Pietro da. Berettini. Ital. Painter & Architect 1596. . 1669 
 
 Corvini, Matthew. King of Hungary and Bohemia — . . 1490 
 
 Corvinus, John Augustus. German Engraver 1682 . .1738 
 
 Corvisart Desmarets, John Nicholas. Fr. Med. Writer 1755 . . 1821 
 
 Coryate. See Coriate. 
 
 Cosimo, Peter da. Italian Painter 1441 . . 1521 
 
 Cosin, John. Bishop of Durham ^594- • ^^7^ 
 
 Cosmas. Indicopleustes. Egyptian Merchant fl. 522-^ 
 
 Cosmas, of Jerusalem. Monk and Hymnologist fl. 743- 
 
 Cosine, John Baseilhac. French Lithotomist 1703 . . 1781 
 
 Cosmo I. De' Medici. Grand Duke of Tuscany. Life 
 
 by Aldus Manutius, jr., 1585 1519- -1574 
 
 Cosmo II. De' Medici. Grand Duke of Tuscany 1590.. 1621 
 
 Cosmo III. De' Medici. Grand Duke of Tuscany. Life 
 
 by R. Stewart, 1821 1642. .1723 
 
 Cospean, or Oospeau, Philip. Fr. Prelate and Preacher. 1568. .1646 
 Cossali, Peter. Italian Mathematician. {Hist, of Algebra) 1748. .1815 
 
 Cossart, Gabriel. French Jesuit; Writer 1615 , . 1674 
 
 Coss6, Charles de. Count de Brissac. French Marshal.. . 1505. .1563 
 
 Cossiers, John, of Antwerp. Historical Painter 1603. . 1652 
 
 Cossin, Coquin, or Cawqum, Louis. French Engraver. . 1633. .1682 
 
 Costa, Emanuel Mendez da. Naturalist — . . — 
 
 Costa, George da. Portuguese Cardinal. Statesman.. . . 1406. .1508 
 
 Costa, Isaac de. Dutch Poet 1798. . i860 
 
 Costa, Lorenzo. Ferrarese Painter — . . 1 530? 
 
 Costa, Paul. Italian Author t^77i- • 1836 
 
 Costanzi, Placido. Italian Painter 1688 . . 1 759 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 113 
 
 BORN. DIKD. 
 
 Costanzso, Angelo di. Neapolitan Poet. {Hist, of Naples) 1507. .1591 
 
 Costard, Rev. George. Oriental Writer 1710? . 1 782 
 
 Coste, Peter. French Protestant Writer 1668. . 1747 
 
 Coster, Lawrence Jansen, of Haarlem. Printer 1370?. 1440? 
 
 Cosway, Richard, R. A. Miniature Portrait Painter 1740. .1821 
 
 Cota, Rodriguez de. Elder. Spanish Poet 15th c. 
 
 Cotelerius, J. Bapt. Gr. Scholar & Editor. L. by Baluze 1627. . 1686 
 
 Cotes, Francis. Painter 1726. .1770 
 
 Cotes, Roger. Mathematician and Astronomer 1682. .1716 
 
 Cotin, Charles. French Poet 1604. . 1682 
 
 Cotman, John Sell. Artist of Norman Antiquities 1780? . 1843 
 
 Cotolendi, Charles. French Biographer — ..1710? 
 
 Cotta, John. Italian Scholar and Poet 1483''. 15 10 
 
 Cotta, John Fred., Baron von Cottendorf. Ger. Publisher 1764. .1832 
 
 Cotte, Robert de. French Architect 1656. .1735 
 
 Cotterell, Sir Charles. Linguist and Scholar — . . 1687 
 
 Cottin, Sophia de. French Novelist. ( Elizabeth^ or Exiles 
 
 of Siberia) I773- .1807 
 
 Cottmgton, Francis, Lord. Statesman 1574? . 165 1 
 
 Cottle, Amos. Verse Writer — . . 1800 
 
 Cottle, Joseph. Publisher. (Recollections of Coleridge).. 1770. .18^;^ 
 
 Cotton, Charles. Burlesque Poet and Angler ^^3°' * ^ 
 
 Cotton, John. American Divine 1585 . ■ 1652 
 
 Cotton, Nathaniel, m. d. Poet. ( Visions in Verse) 1707. .1788 
 
 Cotton, or Coton, Peter. Confessor to Henry IV. Life 
 
 by P. J. Orleans 1564. .1626 
 
 Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce. Collector of Cottonian Library 1570. .1631 
 Cotugno, or Cotunius, Dominic. Anatomist. {De Aqua- 
 
 ductibus Auris) 1736. . 1822 
 
 Couch, Richard Quillar. English Surgeon and Scientist. 1816. .1863 
 
 C0UCI16, John. French Designer and Engraver — . .1759 
 
 Coucy, R^naud, or Raoul de. French Minstrel fl. 12th c. 
 
 Coudrette, Christopher. Anti-Jesuit Writer 1701 . . 1774 
 
 Covilet, Ann Philibert. French Engraver 1736. . — 
 
 Coulomb, Charles Augustus de. Experimental Philosopher 1 736 . . 1806 
 
 CovLlon, Louis. French Historian 1605 . . 1664 
 
 Couperin, Francis. J'he Great. Fr. Musical Composer. 1668. .1733 
 
 Couplet, Philip. Flemish Missionary to China 1628. . 1692 
 
 Courayer, Peter Francis le. French Divine 1681 . .1776 
 
 Courbes, John de. French Engraver 1592''. — 
 
 CoTircelles, Stephen de. Arminian Divine and Critic . . . 1586. .1658 
 
 Courcelles, Thomas de. French Theologian 1400. . 1469 
 
 Courier de M6r6, Paul Louis. French Political Writer. 1773. .1825 
 Courtanvaux, Francis Caesar de Tellier, Marquis of. Offi- 
 cer. Natural Philosopher 1718. .1781 
 
 Court de G6belin, Anthonv. Writ. { Le Monde Primitif) 1725.. 1784 
 Courten, Sir Wm. Merchant and Capitalist in London. 1572?, 1636 
 
 Courten, William. English Naturalist and Collector 1642. .1702 
 
 Courtiltz de Sandras, Gatien. French Writer 1644. .1712 
 
 Courtivron, Caspar, Marquis of. Fr. Soldier and Scholar 1 7 1 5 . . 1 785 
 Courtnay, John, m. p. (Poetical Review of Dr. Johnson) 1741. .1816 
 Courtney, William. Archbishop of Canterbury (1381-96) 1341 . .1396 
 Courtois, or Cortesi, James. Bourguignon. French Painter 1621 . . 1676. 
 Courtois, William, brother. Bourguignon. Painter .... 1628. .1679 
 8 
 
114 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Cousin, John. French Painter, Sculptor, Geometrician. 
 
 {Livre de Perspective) 1500?. 1590 
 
 Cousinet, Catherine Elizabeth. French Engraver 1726 . . — 
 
 Coustou, Nicholas. French Sculptor 1658. .1733 
 
 Coustou, William, brother. Sculptor 1678 . . 1 746 
 
 Coustou, William. Sculptor and Architect 17 16. .1777 
 
 Coutelle, John Mary Joseph. French Engineer 1748. . 1835 
 
 Couthon, George. French Revolutionist 1756 . .1794 
 
 Coutts, Thomas. Banker 1731 . . 1822 
 
 Couvay, John. French Designer and Engraver 1622. . — 
 
 Couvrexir, Adrienne le. French Actress 1692. .1730 
 
 Covarruvias, Diego. Le Bartole Espagnole. Canonist. . 1512. .1577 
 Covell, John, d. d. Ambass. Vice-Clianc. of Cambridge 1638. .1722 
 
 Coventry, Henry. {Letters of Philemon) — . .1752 
 
 Coventry, James. Mechanician 1812. . — 
 
 Coventry, Thos. Ld. Coventry of Aylesborough. Ld.Keeper 1578. .1640 
 
 Coverdale, Miles. Bishop of Exeter (1551-53) 1485 . . 1565 
 
 Coward, William, m.d. Medical and Metaphysical Writer 1656'' .1725 
 
 Cowell, John, ll. d. Law^'^er and Antiquary 1554- • 161 1 
 
 Cowherd, Rev. William. Founder of the Bible Christians — . .1816 
 
 Cowley, Abraham. Poet. Life by Bishop Sprat 1618. . 1667 . 
 
 Cow^ley, Mrs. Hannah. Dramatic Poet i743- • i8°9 
 
 Cowley, Henry Wellesley, Lord. Diplomatist i773- -1847 
 
 Cowper, Edward. Mechanician 1 790 . . 1852 
 
 Cowper, William. Bishop of Galloway 1566. . 1619 
 
 Cowper, William. Anatomist of London. (Myotomia) .. 1666. .iyo() 
 Cowper, William, First Earl Cowper. Lord Chancellor. . — ..1723 
 Cowper, Wm., d. d. Dean of Durham. Geom. and Writer 1714?. 1772 
 Cowper, Wm. Poet. L. by Hayley ; Southey ; Grimshawe 1731 . . 1800 
 
 Cox, David. Landscape fainter ^793- • 1859 
 
 Cox, Francis Aug., d. d. English Clergyman and Writer 1783. .1853 
 
 Cox, Leonard. ( The Art or Craft of RJietm^yke) — . .1549 
 
 Cox, Richard. Bishop of Ely (1559-81) 1499. .1581 
 
 Cox, Sir Richard. Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Historian 1650. .1733 
 
 Coxcie, or Coxis, Michael van. Flemish Painter. 1497 . .1592 
 
 Coxe, Wm. Archdeacon. Historian. {Houseof Austria) 1747 . .1S2S 
 
 Coxeter, Thomas. Literary Collector 1689. . 1747 
 
 Coyer, Gabriel Francis. French Writer i7o7. .1782 
 
 Coypel, Anthony, son of Noel. French Painter 1661 . .1722 
 
 Coypel, Charles Anthony, son. French Painter 1694 . . 1752 
 
 Coypel, Noel. French Painter 1628. .1707 
 
 Coypel, Noel Nicholas. The Uncle. French Painter 1688.. 1734 
 
 Coysevox, Anthony. Spanish Sculptor in France ...... 1640. .1720 
 
 Cozza, Francis. Sicilian Historical Painter 1605 . . 1682 
 
 Cozza, John Baptist. Italian Historical Painter 1676. .1742 
 
 Craaneu, Theodore. Dutch Medical Writer — ..1688 
 
 Crabb, George. English Barrister and Pnilologist 1778. . 1854 
 
 Crabbe, Rev. George. Poet. Life by his son i754- ■ 1832 
 
 Crabeth, Dirk. Dutch Painter on Glass — . . 1601 
 
 Crabeth, Wouter, brother. The Elder. Painter on Glass fl. 1560-68 
 
 Cradock, Luke. Painter of Birds 1660?. 1717 
 
 Cradock, Samuel. Ejected Nonconformist Writer 1620. .1706 
 
 Craesbeke, Joseph van, of Brussels. Painter 1608. . 1668 
 
 Crafts, William. American Lawyer and Author 1787. .1826 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 115 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Craig, James. Scottish Divine and Poet 1682. .1744 
 
 Craig, Sir James Henry. General 1748 ■ • 1812 
 
 Craig, John. Scottish Reformer 1511.. 1600 
 
 Craig, John. ( Theologice Chrisiinnce Principia Maihematica) fl. 1699 
 
 Craig, Nicholas. Danish Scholar and Historian i549^- 1602 
 
 Craig, Sir Thomas. Writer on Feudal Law. Life by P. F. 
 
 Tytler, 1823 1548?. 1608 
 
 Craig, William, d. d. Scottish Divine 1709. .1784 
 
 Craig, William. Scottish Judge and Writer I745 • • 1813 
 
 Crakanthorpe, Richard. Preacher and Controv. Divine 1567. .1624 
 
 Cramaud, Simon de. Cardinal — aft.1409 
 
 Cramer, Daniel. German Divine and Metaphysician . . . 1568. .1637 
 
 Cramer, Francis. Musical Composer 1772. . 1848 
 
 Cram.er, Gabriel. Swiss Mathematician i7o4- -1752 
 
 Cramer, John Andrew. German Chemist 1710. . 1777 
 
 Cramer, John Andrew. German Theologian ^723- • 1788 
 
 Cramer, John Anthony, d. d. Classical Geographer 1793. • 1848 
 
 Cramer, John Baptist. Musical Artist and Composer. . . 1771 . . 1858 
 Cramer, John Frederick. German Scholar and Historian — . .1715 
 
 Cramer, John Isaac, of Geneva. Medical Writer fl. 1700 
 
 Cramier, John James. Orientalist 1673. .1702 
 
 Cramer, John Rudolph. Hebraist at Zurich 1678. .1737 
 
 Cramer, Nicholas. Flemish Painter 1670?. 1710 
 
 Cranach., or Kranach, Lucas. German Painter 1472. .1553 
 
 Cranch, William. American Jurist 1769. .1855 
 
 Crane, Thomas. Ejected Nonconformist. { On Providence) — ..1714 
 
 Crane, William M. American Naval Officer ^77^- .1846 
 
 Cranmer, Thomas, Archb. of Canterbury (1533-55). L. 
 
 by Strype, 1694 ; Gilpin, 1784 ; Archd. H. J. Todd, 1831 1489. . 1556 
 
 Cranz, or Kranz, David. Moravian Missionary 1723. .1777 
 
 Crapelet, Charles. French Printer 1762. . 1809 
 
 Crapelet, George Adrian, son. Printer and Author 1789. .1842 
 
 Crapone, Adam de. French Canal Engineer 15 19- -1559 
 
 Crashaw, Richard. Poet (b. a. 1633) , . — . . 1650 
 
 Crasso, Lawrence. Italian Writer fl. 1666 
 
 Crassus, Lucius Licinius. Orator 140-91 B.C. 
 
 Crassus, Marcus Licinius. Triumvir. Dives. Slain by 
 
 Parthians 115?. 53 B.C. 
 
 Craterus. General of Alexander the Great — B.c.321 
 
 Crates. Athenian Comic Poet fl. b.c. 450 
 
 Crates. Cynic Philosopher fl. b.c. 320 
 
 Crates. Athenian Philos. ; Instructor of Arcesilaus fl. 3dc. b.c. 
 
 Cratinus. Athenian Comic Poet 519-422 B.C. 
 
 Cratippus. Peripatetic Philosopher. 
 
 Craton, or Crafftheim, John 1519- '1585 
 
 Craven, Eliz., Lady. Margravine of Anspach. >See Anspach 1750. .1828 
 
 Craveta, Aimon. Piedmontese Law Writer 1504- -1569 
 
 Crawford, Adair. Physician and Naturalist i749- -1795 
 
 Crawford, Anne. Actress i734- • 1801 
 
 Crawford, Geo. Historiographer. {Lives of Officers of State) fl. 1 725 
 
 Crawford, Quintin. Writer i743- • ^^^9 
 
 Crawford, Thomas. American Sculptor 1814. . 1857 
 
 Crawford, William. Scottish Divine. (Dying Thoughts) 1676. .1742 
 Crawford, William Harris. American Statesman 1772. . 1834 
 
 1 
 
116 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Crawford, "William Sharman, m: p. Politician — , . 1861 
 
 CrawlUrd, David. Historian and Antiquary. (J/cmmVs) 1665. .1726 
 Crawfurd, John Lindsay, Earl of. Life by Richard Rolt. 1702. .1749 
 
 Crawfurd, Thomas. Professor at Edinburgh — . . 1662 
 
 Grayer, Gaspar. Flemish Painter 1582. . 1669 
 
 Creaghi, Richard. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh — --isSs 
 Or6bUlon, Claude Prosper Joliot de. French Novelist. . . 1707. .1777 
 Cr6billon, Prosper Joliot de. Classical Dramatical Writer 1674. .1762 
 
 Oredi, Lawrence Andrew di. Italian Painter 1454'. 1536? 
 
 Creech, Thomas. Poet. Classical Translator ^659. .1700 
 
 Creichton, John. Irish Soldier of Fortune 1648. .1733 
 
 Creighton, Robert. Bp. of Bath and Wells. {I imll^arise) 1 593 . . 1672 
 
 Crell, Louis Christian. German Writer 167 1 . .1735 
 
 Crell, or Crellius, John. German Unitarian Divine 1590- • ^633 
 
 Crell, Nicholas. Prime Minister of Christian I. of Saxony 1550?. 1601 
 
 Cremonese. Painter. See Caletti 1600? . 1660 
 
 Cremonini, Caesar, of Padua. Aristotelian Philosopher. . 1550. .1631 
 
 Cremonini, John Baptist. Painter at Bologna 1560?. 1610 
 
 Crenius, Thomas. Dutch Philologist 1648. , 1728 
 
 Cr6qui de Blanchefort, Francis de. Marshal of France 1624?. 1687 
 
 Crescentini, Jerome. Singer 1769 . . 1846 
 
 Crescenzi. Bartholomew Cavarazzi. Painter 1590'. 1625 
 
 Crescenzi, John Baptist, Marquis de la ToiTe. Painter. 1595.. 1660 
 Crescenzi, Peter de. DeCrescentiis. Writer on Agriculture 1230.. 1320 
 
 Crescimbeni, John Maria. Italian Poet and Critic 1663. .1728 
 
 Crespi, Anthony, brother of Louis. Painter — . .1782? 
 
 Crespi, Daniel, of Milan. Painter. 1590. . 1630 
 
 Crespi, Giuseppe Maria. II Spagnuolo. Bolognese Painter 1665 . .1747 
 
 Crespi, John Baptist. 7Z Cerano. Italian JPainter ^SS?- -1633 
 
 Crespi, Louis. Italian Painter and Writer — • • i779 
 
 Cresson, Elliott. American Philanthropist 1796. . 1854 
 
 Cresswell, Sir Cresswell. Judge of Divorce Court — . . 1863 
 
 Cressy, Hu^h Paulin. Rom. Cath. Eccles. Hist. & Div. . 1605 . . 1674 
 Cresti, Dominic. Passignano. Italian Historical Painter 1558. .1638 
 
 Creti, Donato. Italian Painter 1671 . .1749 
 
 Cr6tin, William Dubois. French Poet — . . 1 525 
 
 Creutz, Gustavus Philip, Ct. of. Swed. Poet & Statesman 1726. .1785 
 Creutzfelder, John George. German Portrait Painter. . — ••'^^2)3 
 Creuzer, George Fred. Ger. Antiq. {Myth, of Antiquity) 1771 . , 1858 
 Crevalcore, Anthony da. Portrait Painter at Bologna. . fl. 1490 
 
 Crevier, John Baptist Louis. Historical Writer 1693. .1765 
 
 Crew, Nathaniel, 3d Lord. Bishop of Durham (1674-1722) 1633 . . 1722 
 Crichton, James. The Admirable. L. by Sir T. Urquhart ; 
 
 P. F. Tytler, 1823 1560. . 1583 
 
 Crillon, Louis Athanasius B. B. de. Fr. Scholar & Divine 1726. .1789 
 Crillon, Louis de Balbes de Berton de. French General. 
 
 Besieged Rochelle. Life by Margaret de Lussan, 1757 1541. .1615 
 Crillon Mahon, Louis de Berthon, Duke of. General. 
 
 Besieged Gibraltar. {Military Mevioirs) 1718. . 1796 
 
 Crillon Mahon, Louis Anthony Francis de Paule de, 
 
 Duke of, son 1775 . . 1832 
 
 Crinesius, Christopher. Orientalist at Altorf 1584. . 1629 
 
 Crinitus, Peter. Riccio. Florentine Scholar 1465 ^ 1505' 
 
 Crisp, Tobias, d. d. Puritan Divine. L. by Dr. John Gill 1600. . 1642 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 117 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Crispe, Sir Nicholas, of London. Royalist '598. . 1666 
 
 Crispus, Anthony. Sicilian Physician 1600 , . 1688 
 
 Cristofane. Painter of Bologna i349- -1387 
 
 Cristofori, or Cristofani, Fabio. Painter of Mosaic fl. 17th c. 
 
 Critias. Athenian Statesman ; pupil of Socrates — B.c.404 
 
 Crittenden, John Jay. American Statesman 1786. . 1863 
 
 Crivellari, Bartholomew. Italian Sculptor and Engraver 1725. .1777 
 Crivelli, Angelo Mary. II Crivelhne. Milanese Painter — ••1730 
 
 Crivelli, Charles. Venetian Painter — aft. 1476 
 
 Crivelli, James. Painter of Birds and Fishes — . . 1 760 
 
 Croce, Balthasar. Bolognese Painter ^^553* • ^^^^ 
 
 Croce, St. Jerome di. Italian Painter fl. 1520-49 
 
 Crockett, David. Am. Backwoodsman. L. by self, 1834. 1786. .1836 
 Croese, Gerard. Dutch Protestant Divine and Historian 1642. .1710 
 
 Croesus, King of Lydia (b. c. 560-546) — B.c.546 
 
 Croft, Herbert. Bishop of Hereford (1662-91) 1603 . . 1691 
 
 Croft, Rev. Sir Herbert. (Love and Madness) 1751 • • 1816 
 
 Croft, William, mus. doc. Musical Composer 1657?. 1727 
 
 Crofton, Zachary. Nonconformist Divine — . .1672 
 
 Croius, or De Croi, John. French Divine. ( Observationes 
 
 in Novum Testamentum) — . , 1659 
 
 Croix, Alexander Louis Mary Petis de la. Orientalist. . . 1698. .1751 
 
 Croix, Francis Petis de la. French Orientalist 1653. .1713 
 
 Croix-du-Maine, Francis Grud^ de la. Bibliographer. . 1552. .1592 
 Croke, Sir Alexander, d. c. l. Civil and Miscel. Writer. . 1800, . 1842 
 
 Croke, or Crook, Sir George. Judge 1559- • 1641 
 
 Croke, Richard, D. D. Crocus. Reviver of Class. Learn. — ••1558 
 
 Croker, John Wilson. Writer 1780. . 1857 
 
 Croker, Thomas Crofton, f. s. a. Antiquary 1798. . 1854 
 
 Croll, Oswald. Ger. Medical Writer. {Basilica Chimica) — . . 1609 
 
 Croly, Rev. George, ll. d. Writer 1780. . i860 
 
 Cromek, R. H. Editor of Scottish Ballads fl. 1811 
 
 Cromer, Julius. II Croma. Italian Painter 1572?. 1632 
 
 Cromer, Martin. Polish Historian 1512. .1589 
 
 Crompton, Samuel, of Bolton. Inventor of Spinning 
 
 Mule. Life by G. J. French, 1859 1753. . 1827 
 
 Crompton, William. Ejected Nonconformist Divine — ..1696 
 
 Cromwell, Henry, son of Oliver. Lord-Lieut, of Ireland 1628. .1675 
 Cromwell, Oliver. Protector. Life hy James Heath, 
 1663; Raguenet, 1691; Leti, 1692; Isaac Kimber, 
 1725; J. Banks, 1739; F. Peck, 1740; Dr. Wm. Har- 
 ris, 1766; Mark Noble, 1791; Bishop Russell; Oli- 
 ver Cromwell, 1822; Villemain; Southev; Philar^te 
 Chasles, 1847; F. P. G. Guizot, 1854; Hazlitt, 1857; 
 Sawford; Wilson; Thomas Carlyle ; Merle D'Aubign^ 1599.. 1658 
 
 Cromwell, Richard, son 1626. .1712 
 
 Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex 1490''. 1540 
 
 Cronegk, John Frederick, Baron de. German Poet 1731 . .1758 
 
 Cronstedt, Axel Frederick. Swedish Mineralogist 1722, .1765 
 
 Crook, or Croke, Sir George. Judge i559' • 1641 
 
 Croone, William, m. d. Medical Writer — . . 1684 
 
 Crosby, Brass. Lord Mavor. Popular Champion 1 725 . . 1793 
 
 Cross, John. Painter, (kichard I. pardoning the Archer) — ..1861 
 Cross, Louis. Painter — . .1724 
 
118 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN, DIE©. 
 
 Cross, or De la Crux, Michael. Artist fl.ti.Ch.I.& ![. 
 
 Crosse, Andrew. Experimenter on Electricity 1784. .1855 
 
 Crosswell, Harry, d.d. Amer. Journalist and Clergyman 1778. .1858 
 
 Crosswell, William, d.d., son. Clergyman 1804. . 185 1 
 
 Crotch, Dr. William. Musical Composer i775 • • 1847 
 
 Ccousaz, John Peter de. Swiss Divine and Philosopher. 1663. .1748 
 
 Crowley, Robert. Divine and Poet — . .1588 
 
 Crowne, John. Dramatist — . .1703? 
 
 Croxall, Dr. Samuel. Political Writer and Poet — . .1752 
 
 Croze, Mathurin Veyssi^re de la. French Orientalist 1661 . .1739 
 
 Cruciger, Gaspar. Reformer 1504. .1548 
 
 Cruciger, George. Philologist. {Harmonia Linguarum) i^y^. .1626 
 
 Cruden, Alexander. ( Concordance) 1701 . . 1770 
 
 Craiickshank, Robert. Humorous Artist 1791?. 1856 
 
 Crtiickshank, William. Anatomist 1746. . 1800 
 
 Cruqmus, or De Crusques, of Ypres. Editor of Horace. . fl. 1578 
 Crusius, Christian Augustus. Ger. Philosophical Writer. 171 5. .1775 
 
 Crusius, or Kraus, Martin. German Greek Scholar 1526. .1607 
 
 Crux, Michael de la. See Cross fl.ti.Ch.I.& II. 
 
 Cruyl, Levinus. Flemish Engraver 1640''. — 
 
 Cruys, Cornelius. Russian Naval Officer 1657. . 1727 
 
 Cruz Cano y Olmeida, Anthony de la. Span. Geogr.. . 1735 . -1794^ 
 
 Cruz, John Pantqja de la. Spanish Painter 1 545 . . 1610 
 
 Cruz, Juana Inez de la. Mexican Poetess and Scholar . . 165 1 . . 1695 
 
 Csangi, Laszlo. Hungarian Statesman 1790. .1849 
 
 Csokonai, Mihaly Vitez. Hungarian Poet ^773- • 1805 
 
 Csoma de Koros, Alex. Hung. Scholar and Traveler . 1791. .1842 
 
 Ctesias. Greek Physician and Historian B.c.401-384 
 
 Ctesibius, of Alexandria. Mechanical Inventor 250 B. c. 
 
 Cubi6res, Am^d^e Louis Despons. French General 1786. .1853 
 
 Cubitt, Tliomas. Builder 1788. ,1855 
 
 Cubitt, Sir William. Civil Engineer 1785 . . 1861 
 
 Cudworth, Ralph, d. d. ( Intellectunl System. ) L. by Birch 161 7 . . 1688 
 
 Cuerenhert, Theodore van. Engraver 1522. .1590 
 
 Cueva, Alonsus de la. Bedmar. Cardinal. Politician . 1572. .1655 
 
 Cueva, John de la. Spanish Poet. {Art of Poetry) fl. 1582 
 
 Cuffe, Henry. Wit & Schol. Gr. Prof, at Oxf. Hanged 1560?. 1601 
 Cujacius, or Cujas, James. French Jurist. L. by Berriot 1520. .1590 
 
 CuUen, William. Scottish Medical Writer 1712. .1790 
 
 CuUum, Rev. Sir John. Antiquary '^733- .1785 
 
 Culpeper, Sir Thomas. Writer on Usury 1636. .1706? 
 
 Culpepper, Nicholas. Herbalist and Astrologer 1616. . 1654 
 
 Ctilvert, George. Choctaw Chief and Warrior i744- -1839 
 
 Culy, David, of Guyhirn. Sectary and Author — ..1718 
 
 Cumberland, Ernest Augustus, Duke of. Fifth son of 
 
 George HI. King of Hanover 1771 . , 1851 
 
 Cumberland, 'Richard. Bishop of Peterborough. Phi- 
 losopher and Philologist. Opponent of Hobbes 1632. .1718 
 
 Cumberland, Richard, great-grandson. Dramsltic and 
 
 Miscellaneous Writer. Life by self. 1732. .1811 
 
 Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of. Son of 
 
 George II. Commander. Life by Henderson, 1766.. 1721. .1765 
 Cuneeus, Peter. Lawyer and Antiquary. {Jus Regium 
 
 Hthrceorum) 1586. .1638 
 
A BKIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 119 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ounego, Domenico. Italian Engraver 1727. .1794 
 
 Cunha, Barbosa, January da. Braz. Prel. and Statesman 1780. . 1846 
 Cunha, Mattos, Raymond Jos. da. Brazilian General. . . 1776. .1840 
 
 Cunha, Tristan da.* Portuguese Naval Commander fl. 1 5tli c. 
 
 Cuningham, Edmund Francis. Scottish Painter 1742^ 1793 
 
 Cuningham, William. Engraver and Phys. at Norwich 1520?. 1577 
 
 Cunio, Daniel. Milanese Painter fl. i6th c. 
 
 Cvinio, Ridolfo. Milanese Painter ;•,•••• A- 1650? 
 
 Cunitia, Maria. Silesian Scholar. {Urania Propitia) . . — ..1664 
 
 Cunningham, Alexander. Scottish Historian 1654. .1737 
 
 Cunningham, Allan. Poet, Novelist, and Misc. Writer. 1785. .1842 
 
 Cunningham, John. Irish Poet and Actor 1729. .1773 
 
 Cunningham, Rev. John Wm. Poet & Div. of Harrow. 1780?. 1861 
 Cunningham, Rev. Wm., d.d., of Edinburgh. Principal 1805 . . 1861 
 
 Cupani, Francis. Sicilian Botanist 1657. . 1711 
 
 Cuperus, Gisbert, of Deventer. Critic and Historian. . . . 1644. .1716 
 Cvirseus, Joachim. Ger. Physician. {Annals of Silesia). . 1^2,2. .i^jx 
 Curcellseus, or Courcelles, Stephen. Arminian Divine.. 1586. .1658 
 
 Cureton, Rev. William. Orientalist 1808?. 1864 
 
 Curio, Caius Scribonius. Roman General and Statesman — B.C. 53 
 Curio, C. Scribonius, son. Roman Orator and Statesman — B.C. 46 
 Curio, Cajhus Secundus. Piedmontese Prot. Theologian. 1503. .1569 
 
 Curita. See. Zurita. Spanish Historian 1512. . 1581 
 
 Curl, Edmund. London Bookseller — . .1748 
 
 Curling, Captain Henry. Novelist.^ — . . 1864 
 
 Curradi, Cavalier Francis. Florentine Painter 157° • • 1661 
 
 Curran, John Philpot. Orator. Life by O'Regan, 1818; 
 
 W. H. Curran, 1819; A. Barrister, 1844; T.Davis, 1846 1750. .1817 
 Cunie, James, m. d., of Liverpool. Physician and Writer. 
 
 Life by W. W. Currie, 1831 1756. .1805 
 
 Ctirson, or Corceone, Robert. English Cardinal at Paris — ..121S 
 
 Curteis, Thomas. Divine and Poet 1690. .1747 
 
 Curtis, William. Botanist 1746.. 1770 
 
 Curtius, Marcus. Roman Hero fl.4th c. b.c. 
 
 Curtius, Rufus Quintus. {Hist, of Alexander the Greaf) .fl.ti. Vespasian? 
 
 Curwen, John Christian, m. p. Agriculturist 1756. . 1828 
 
 Cusa, Nicholas de. Cardinal. Theol. and Mathem 1401 . . 1464 
 
 Cushlng, William. American Jurist 1733 . . 1810 
 
 Cushman, Robert. One of the Founders of Plymouth 
 
 Colony 1580?. 1625 
 
 Cuspinian, John. German Historian. Life by Gerbelius 1473. .1529 
 
 Cusson, Peter. French Physician and Botanist 1727. .1783 
 
 Oustine, Adam Philip, Count de. French General 1740. -1793 
 
 Custis, Geo. Washington Parke. Amer. Auth. & Painter 1781 . .1857 
 Custos, Dominic, son of Peter. Engraver at Augsburg. . 1560. . 1612 
 Custos, Peter. Peter Batthasar, or Balteus. Pa. at Antwerp fl. 1579 
 
 Cuthbert. Archbishop of Canterbury (741-58) — . . 758 
 
 Cuthbert, St. Bp. Durh. L. by Allan, 1777 ; Eyre, 1849 — . . 686 
 
 Cutler, Manasseh. Amer. Clergyman and Scientist i744- • 1823 
 
 Cutler, Timothy, d.d. Am. Schol. ; Pres. of Yale College 1685 . . 1765 
 
 Cutts, John, Lord. Soldier and Poet — . .1707 
 
 Cuvier, Frederick. Naturalist 1773 . . 1838 
 
 Cuvier, George Christian Leopold Dagobert, Baron de., br. 
 
 Naturalist. Life by Mrs. Lee, 1833 1769. . 1832 
 
 k. 
 
120 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Cuviller, Francis. French Architect 1693 . . — 
 
 Cuyp, or Kuyp, Albert. Dutch Painter 1606. . 1667 
 
 Ouyp, or Kuyp, Jacob Gerritse, father. The Old. y Dutch 
 
 Portrait Painter i575 • • 1650 
 
 Cyazares. King of Media (b. c. 634-594) — B.c.594 
 
 Oygne, Martin du. French Jesuit; Writer on Rhetoric. . 1619..1669 
 Cyprian, St. Bishop of Carthage (248-58). Life by 
 
 Pontius; A. S. Gervase 200?. 258 
 
 Cypriani, or Cipriani, John Bapt. Ital. Painter in Eng.. 1727. .1785 
 
 Cypselus. Tyrant of Corinth (b. c. 655-625) — B.c.625 
 
 Cyrano, Bergerac. French Writer 1620. . 1655 
 
 Cyril, St. Bishop of Jerusalem (348-86) 315?. 386 
 
 CyrH, St. Bishop of Alexandria (412-44) 376?. 444 
 
 Cyrill Ijucar. Patriarch of Constantinople *i572. . 1638? 
 
 Cyrus. KingofPersia(B.c. 559-529). The Elder. Life 
 
 by Xenophon — B.c.529 
 
 Cyrus. The Younger. Prince, in Xenophon's Anabasis — B.c.401 
 
 Czacki, Thaddeus. Polish Statesman and Writer 1765 . . 1813 
 
 Czamiecki, or Czamecki, Stephen. Polish General i599- .1665 
 
 Czartoryski, Prince Adam. Polish Revolutionist 1770. . 1861 
 
 Czerny, Charles. German Composer 1791.- 1857 
 
 Czerny, George. Leader of the Servians 1770. . 1817 
 
A BRIEF BIOGBAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 121 
 
 D. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dac, or Dach, John. German Painter 1566. . 1650 
 
 D*Acliery> Luke. Benedictine. LifebyMaugendre, 1776 1609. .1685 
 
 Dacier, Andrew. Critic and Ptiilologist 1651 . .1722 
 
 Dacier, Anne le Fevre, Madame, wife. Greek Scholar . . 1654. .1720 
 
 Daddi, Bernard. Painter at Florence — . .1380 
 
 Daddi, Cosimo. Painter at Florence — . . 1630 
 
 Daeliker, John Rudolph. Prussian Painter in Switzerland 1694. .1769 
 
 Daendels, Herman William. Dutch General 1762. . 1818 
 
 Daffy, Rev. Thomas. Inventor of Daffy's Elixir — . . 1680 
 
 D'Agar, James. French Painter 1640. .1715 
 
 Daggett, David, ll. d. American Jurist 1764. . 185 1 
 
 Daggett, Naphtali, d. d. American Divine 1727. .1780 
 
 D'Agincourt, John Baptist Louis Seroux. French Writerj* 
 
 {L'Histoire de L'Art) 1730. .1814 
 
 Dagobertl. King of France (628-38) 602.. 638 
 
 Dagobert II. The Young 652. . 679 
 
 Dagobert III 699. . 715 
 
 Dagoumer, William. French Philosopher — . .1745 
 
 Daguerre, Louis James Mand^. Photographer 1789. .1851 
 
 D'Aguesseau, Henry Francis. Chancellor of France. 
 
 Life by his son, 1778; Charles Butler; Thomas, 1760; 
 
 Bourlot de Vauxcelles, 1760; Morlhon, 1760; Boinvil- 
 
 liers,1848; Boull^e, 1849 1668.. 1751 
 
 Dahl, John Chr. Chausen. Norwegian Landscape Painter 1788. . 1857 
 
 Dahl, Michael. Swedish Portrait Painter 1656. .1743 
 
 Dahlberg, Eric. Swedish General. {Succia Antiqua) . . 1625. .1703 
 
 Dablgren, Charles John. Swedish Poet 1791 • • 1844 
 
 DaiUl, John. Fr. Prot. Divine. (Be V Usage des Peres) 1594?. 1670 
 
 Dakins, William. Translator of the Bible — . . 1607 
 
 Dalayrac, Nich. Fr. Comp. {Les deux petits Savoyards) 1753. .1809 
 Dalberg, Charles Theodore Anthony Maria. Grand-Duke 
 
 of Frankfort, Archbishop of Ratisbon. Writer. Life by 
 
 Zapf, 1810; Cramer 1744.. 1817 
 
 D'AIbret, Charles. Constable of France ; fell at Agincourt — ••1415 
 
 D'AIbret, Charlotte, wife of Caesar Borgia. Poetess — • • 15^4 
 
 D'AIbret, Jane. Qu. of Navarre. L. by Vauvilliers, 1818 1528. .1572 
 Dalby, Isaac. Mathematician. {Course of Mathematics) 17 ^j^. .1^2^ 
 Dale, or Dalen, Anthony van. Dutch Antiquary & Philos. 1638. .1708 
 Dale, David, of New Lanark, Manufact. & Philanthropist 1738. .1806 
 
 Dale, Richard. American Naval Officer 1756. . 1826 
 
 Dale, Samuel, m. d. Botanist and Antiquary' 1659. -1739 
 
 Dalecbamp, James. French Physician and Botanist 1513- .1588 
 
 D' Alembert, Jean le Rond. Math. L. by Condorcet, 1784 1 7 1 7 . . 1 783 
 Dalen, Cornelius van, jr. Dutch Artist and Engraver . . . 1640. . — 
 
 Dalens, Dirk van. Painter of Amsterdam 1659. . 1688 
 
 Dalgarno, George, of Aberdeen. {Ars Signorum) i627?-i687 
 
 Dalbousie, Jas. Andrew Broun Ramsay, First Marquess 
 
 of. Governor-General of India 1812. . i860 
 
 D'Alibrai, Charles Vion. French Poet — . . 1655 
 
 Dalin, Olof von. Swedish Historian and Poet 1708 .. 1 763 
 
122 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dallamano, Joseph. Italian Painter 1679 . . 1 758 
 
 Dallans, Ralph. Organ Builder — . . 1672 
 
 DaJlas, Alexander James. American Statesman i759- .1817 
 
 Dallas, Sir George. Chief Justice. Political Writer .... 1758. . 1833 
 
 Dallas, George Mifflin. American Statesman 1793?. 1865 
 
 Dallas, Sir Robert. Judge . ; — . . 1824 
 
 Dallas, Robert Charles. Novelist. (EecoU. of Lord Byron) jy^^. .iS2/^ 
 
 DaUaway, Rev. James. Antiquary 1763. . 1834 
 
 Dallington, Sir Robert. Traveler. (Method of Travel) . — • -1637 
 Dalmasio, Lippo. LippodelMadonne. Italian Painter. . — ..1410 
 Dalrymple, Alex. Hydrographer. Writer on India, &c. 1737. .1808 
 Dalrymple, Sir David, Lord Hailes, Scottish Judge. 
 
 {Annals of Scotland) 1726. .1792 
 
 Dalrymple, Jas., 1st Vise. Stair, g'.v. {Inst, of Law of Scot.) 1619.. 1695 
 Dalrymple, John, 2d E. Stair. Statesman and Diplom. 1673. .1747 
 Dalrymple, Sir John Scottish Baron of Exchequer. ( Mer 
 
 moirs of Great Britain and Ireland) 1726. . 1810 
 
 Dalrymple, John. Surgeon and Oculist 1804. . 1852 
 
 Dalton, John , d. d. Prebend, of Worcester. Writer, Poet 1 709 . . 1 763 
 
 Dalton, John, d. c. l. Natural Philosopher 1766. . 1844 
 
 Dalton, Michael. Lawyer. {Justice 0/ the Peace) ...... 1554. . 1620 
 
 Dalzell, Andrew, m. a. Greek Professor at Edinburgh . , 1750''. 1806 
 
 Damascenus, John. Christian Father — . . 750? 
 
 Damascenus, Nicholas. Greek Historian fl. ab.13 b.c. 
 
 Damiascius, Philosopher 480?. . — 
 
 Damasus I. Pope (366-84) 304. . 384 
 
 Damasus H. Pope (1048) — . . 1048 
 
 D'Amboise, Geo. Cardinal. Minister of Louis XII. L. by 
 
 Sirmond, 1631 ; Michael Baudier, 1651 ; Le Gendre, 1721 1460 . . 1 5 10 
 Damboiirney, Louis Augustus. Exper. Philos. of Rouen 1722. .1795 
 
 Damer, Mrs. Anne Seymour. Sculptor 1748. . 1828 
 
 Damiani, Peter. Cardinal Legate and Writer. Life by 
 
 Le Grandi, 1702 988?. 1072 
 
 Dazaiens, Robert Francis. Attempted to assaSs. Louis XV. 1714. .1757 
 
 Damini, George. Painter — . . 1631 
 
 Damini, Peter, brother. Italian Painter 1592. . 1631 
 
 Damjanics, Janos. Hungarian General 1804. . 1849 
 
 Damm, Christian Tobias. Prot. Divine. {Gr. Etym. Lex.) i6gg^ .1778 
 
 Damon, William. English Musical Comppser ti. Eliz. 
 
 Damours, Louis. French Jurist and Writer 1720?. 1788 
 
 Dampe, Jacob Jacobson. Danish Philosopher 1790. . 1850 
 
 Dampier, Captain William. Navigator 1652. .1712? 
 
 Dampierre, John. Dampetrus. Er. Jurist & Latin Poet — ..1550? 
 
 Dana, Francis. American Jurist 1743. .1811 
 
 Danby, Francis, b. a. Painter 1793- • 1861 
 
 Danby, Henry Danvers, First Earl 1573. . 1644 
 
 Danby, Sir Thomas Osborn, Earl of. Lord Treasurer ... — ,.1712 
 
 Danby, William. Writer on Moral Philosophy — . . 1833 
 
 Dance, Charles. Comic Dramatist ♦ . . . . 1794?. 1863 
 
 Dance, George. Ajchitect. City Surveyor — . . 1 768 
 
 Dance, George, son. Architect. City Surveyor 1740. . 1825 
 
 Dancer, Daniel. Miser 1716. .1794 
 
 Danchet, Anthony. French Poet 1671 . .1748 
 
 Danckerts, Cornelius. Dutch Artist and Engraver 1561 . . 1620? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGEAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 123 
 
 BORN. DIKD. 
 
 Danckerts, Danckert, son. Dutch Artist and Engraver. 1600.. — 
 
 Daxickerts, Henry. Dutch Artist and Engraver — ,,1689? 
 
 Danckerts, John. Dutch Artist and Engraver fl. 1654 
 
 Dancourt, Florence Carton. French Dramatist ........ 1661 . .1726 
 
 Dandini, Caesar. Italian Painter 1595?. 1658 
 
 Dandini, Hercules Francis. Italian Lawj'er and Writer. . 1696?. 1747 
 Dandini, Jerome. Ital. Jesuit. Commentator on Aristotle 1554. . 1634 
 
 Dandini, Peter 1646. .1712 
 
 Dandini, Vincent. Italian Painter 1608 . . 1675 
 
 Dandolo, Andrew. Doge of Venice (1344-54) i3io?.i354 
 
 Dandolo, Henry. Blind Doge of Venice (1192-1205) 1108. .1205 
 
 Dandolo, Vincent. Italian Chemist 1758. . 1819 
 
 D'Andrada, Anthony. Port. Jesuit Missionary. ( Thibet) 1 580' . 1634 
 D'Andrada, Diego I'ayva. Apol. for Council of Trent. . 1528. . 1575 
 D'Andrada, Francis, br. {Hist, of John III. of Portugal) fl. 1600 
 D'Andrada, Thos. Thomas of Jesus. {Suffering serf' Jesus) — ..1582 
 Dandre-Bardon, Michael Francis. Fr. Painter & Writer 1700. .1783 
 
 Dane, Nathan. American Jurist and Statesman 1752. . 1834 
 
 Danedi, John Stephen. Painter 1608. . 1689 
 
 Danedi, Joseph, brother. Italian Painter 1618 . . 1688 
 
 Danet, Peter. French Latinist — . .1709 
 
 Dangeau, Louis de Courcillon, Abb^ de 1643. .1723 
 
 Dangeau, Philip de Courcillon, Marquis de. Hist. Writer 1638. .1720 
 Danhewer, John Conrad. Lutheran Theol. at Strasburg. 1603. .1666 
 Danican, Francis Andrew. Philidor. French Musician 
 
 and Chess Player 1727. .1795 
 
 Daniel, Arnauld. Provencal Poet — . .1198 
 
 Daniel, Gabriel. Fr. Jesuit Historian. {History of France.) 1649. .1728 
 
 Daniel, George. Antiquary and Writer 1790''. 1864 , 
 
 Daniel, Peter. French Scholar; friend of Buchanan .... 1530. .1603 
 Daniel, Samuel. Eng. Poet and Hist. ( History of England) 1 562 . . 1619 
 
 Daniel, Rev. William Barker. {Rural Sports) — . . 1833 
 
 Danieli, Francis. Italian Medalist and Antiquary 1740. .1812 
 
 Daniell, John Frederick, d. c. l. Professor of Chemistry 1790. .1845 
 Danieli, Sam. Artist. {African Scenery ; Scenery of Ceylon) — ..1811 
 
 DanieU, Thomas. Landscape Painter and Engraver 1749. • 1840 
 
 Daniell, Wm., R. A. Artist. {Zoography; Oriental Scenery) 1769.. 1837 
 
 Dannecker, John Henry. Sculptor 1758. • 1841 
 
 Dante degU Alighieri. Life by Boccaccio, 1544 ; Bruno 
 Aretino, 1672; Chabanon, 1773 ; Fabroni, 1803; Balbo, 
 1839; Artaud de Mentor, 1841; Torri, 1843; Wegele, 
 
 1852; V^ricoui-, 1858 1265.. 1 321 
 
 Dante, Ignatius. Mathem. Writer on the Astrolabe. . 1537' .1586 
 Dante, John Baptist. Mathematician and Mechanician. . fl. 15th c. 
 Dante, Peter Vincent. Poet, Mathematician, & Architect — ..1512 
 Dante, Vincent, grandson. Painter, Sculptor, Mathemat. 1530. .1576 
 D'Antine, Francis. French Benedictine. {DArtdeVei'i- 
 
 fier les Dates) 1688. .1746 
 
 Danton, George James. French Revolutionist 1759. -1794 
 
 Dantz, John Andrew. Lutheran Div. and Orient, at Jena 1654. .1727 
 
 Danvers, Henry, Earl of Danby I573' • 1644 
 
 D'Anville, Jofin Baptist. Bourguignon. Geographer. 
 
 Life by Barbie du Bocage, 1802 1697. .1782 
 
 Danzi, Francis. Musical Composer 1763. . 1826 
 
124 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Da Ponte, Lorenzo. Italian Poet. {Don Juan) i749- • 1837 
 
 Dapper, Oliver. Dutch Geographer — . . 1690 
 
 Daran, James. French Surgeon 1701 . .1784 
 
 D'Arblay, Madame Frances, nee Burney. Novelist 1752. .1840 
 
 Darby, Abraham. Iron Manufacturer — ' -^y^? 
 
 Dare, or D'Arc, Jeanne. Maid of Orleans. L. by Lord Mahon 1412?. 1431 
 
 Darcet, John. French Physician and Chemist 1725 . . 1801 
 
 D'Arcq, Philip Augustus. Chevalier. Historical Writer — .-1779 
 D'Axcy, Patrick, Count. Irish Soldier, Engineer, Writer 1725. .1779 
 Darden, Miles. Fat Man. (Height, 7 feet 6 inches; 
 
 weight, 1000 pounds) 1798. .1857 
 
 Dare, Virginia. First child of English Parents in America 1587. . — 
 
 D'Argensola, Bartholomew. Poet and Historian 1566. .1631 
 
 D'Argensola, Lupercio Leonardo, brother. Spanish Poet 1565. .1613 
 
 D'Argenson, Mark Ren^. Statesman 1652 . .1721 
 
 D'Argental, Charles Augustin Feriol, Count. Diplomatist 1700. .1788 
 D'Argentre, Charles Duplessis. French Bishop. Scholar 1673. .1740 
 D'ArgenviUe, Anthony Joseph Desallier. Naturalist. , . 1680. .1765 
 
 D'Argillate, Peter, of Bologna. Medical Writer. ... — . . 1423 
 
 D'Argonne, Noel Bonaventure. {Melanges d' Histoire). . 1634. .1704 
 D'Argota, Jerome Contador. Portuguese Antiquary. . . . 1676. .1749 
 D'Argues, or Desargues, Gerard. French Mathematician 1593. 1662 
 Darius I. Hystaspis. King of Persia (b. c. 521-485). . . — B.c.485 
 
 Darius II. Nothus (b. c. 423-404) — B.c.404 
 
 Darius III. Codomannus. (b. c. 336-330.) Defeated by 
 
 Alexander 380 . 330 B.C. 
 
 Darley, George. British Author 1785.. 1849 
 
 Darling, Grace, of Fern Islands. Heroine 1815.. 1842 
 
 D'Arnaud, George. French Critic 1711 . . 1740 
 
 D'Arnex, or D'Arnay, Simon Augustus. Swiss Writer 1750 .aft.1802 
 Darnley, Henry, Earl of. Husband of Mary Qu. of Scots 1541 . 1567 
 
 Darquier, Augustin. French Astronomer 1718.. 1802 
 
 Dart, John. {Antiquities 0/ Westminster Abbey) fl. 1727 
 
 Daru, Peter Anthony Noel Bruno, Count. French Writer 1767. . 1829 
 
 Darwin, Charles. Medical Writer 1758. .1778 
 
 Darwin, Erasmus. Phys. & Po. L. by Anna Seward, 1804 1 731 . . 1802 
 
 Dashkoff, Ekaterina Romanova. Russian Princess i744- • 1810 
 
 Dassier, Jacob Anthony, son of John. Medtilist 1715 • • i759 
 
 Dassier, John. French Medalist 1678 . . 1 763 
 
 Dassouci, Charles Coypeau. French Musician and Poet. 1604?. 1679 
 
 Dati, Augustin, of Sienna. Writer 1420 . 1478 
 
 Datl, Charles, of Florence. Philologist 1619. . 1676 
 
 D'Attaignant, Gabriel Charles. French Poet 1697 .. 1 779 
 
 Daub, Charles. German Theologian 1765 . . 1836 
 
 Daubenton, Louis John Mary. Fr. Anat. and Naturalist 1716. . 1800 
 Daubenton, William. Confessor to Philip V. of Spain. . 1648. .1723 
 
 D'Aubign6, Theodore Agrippa. Historian i55o- • 1630 
 
 Daudin, Francis Mary. French Naturalist. {Reptiles).. 1774.. 1804 
 
 Daum, Christian. Classical Scholar at Zwickau 1612. . 1687 
 
 Daun, Leopold Jos. Maria, Ct. of. Austrian Field Marsh. 1705. .1766 
 
 Daundelyon, Marcellus. Abbot 1426. . — 
 
 Daunois, M. C J. de Bemville, Ctss. Romancist & Trav. — • • 1705 
 Daunou, Peter Claude Francis. French Political Writer. 
 
 Life by Taillandier, 1841 1761..1840 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 125 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Baurat, or Dorat, John. Auralus. French Poet 1507?. 1588 
 
 Daval, Peter. Mathematician, of London — . .1763 
 
 Davanzati, Bernard. Florentine Writer 1529. . 1606 
 
 Davenant, Chas., ll. d. Political and Commercial Writer 1656 . . 1 714 
 Davenant, John. Bishop of Salisbury. Life by AUport 1576. .1641 
 
 Davenant, Sir William. Poet 1605 . . 1668 
 
 Davenport, Christopher. English Franciscan Theologian 1598?. 1680 
 
 Davenport, John. Puritan Divine 1597 . . 1670 
 
 David, Second King of Israel — B.C. 1015 
 
 David, St. Archbishop. Patron Saint of Wales — . . 544' 
 
 Davidl. K.Scot. (1124-53). L. by Adam Scotus, 12th c. — ..1153 
 
 David II. King of Scotland, son of Robert Bruce 1324. -1371 
 
 David, Francis Anne. French Engraver 1 741 • • 1824 
 
 David, George. Fanatic, of Ghent 1501 . .1556 
 
 David, James Louis. French Painter 1748. . 1825 
 
 David, Peter John, of Angers. Sculptor 1789- • 1856 
 
 David ap Gwrlym. Welsh Bard fl. 14th c. 
 
 David de Pomis. Jewish Physician and Lexicographer 1525. .1600' 
 David de St. George, John Joseph Alexis. Philologist. 1759. .1809 
 
 Davidis, Francis. Hungarian Theologian iSio?. 1579 
 
 Davids, Arthur Lximley. Orientalist — . . 1832 
 
 Davidson, John. Traveler; murdered — . . 1836 
 
 Davidson, Lucretia Maria. American Poetess. Life bv 
 
 Miss Sedgwick, 1843 \ 1808 . . 1825 
 
 Davidson, Margaret Miller. Poetess. Life by Washing- 
 ton Irving, 1842 1823. . 1838 
 
 Davidson, William. American Revolutionary General. . 1746. .1781 
 
 Daviel, James. French Oculist , 1696. .1762 
 
 Davies, Rev. Hugh. Botanist 1739?. 1821 
 
 Davies, Sir John. Poet and Statesman. {Nosce teipsum.) 
 
 Life bv G. Chalmers; Tom Davies ^^7°- -1626 
 
 Davies, tfohn, d. d. Writer and Antiquary fl. ab. 1630 
 
 Davies, Dr. John. Welsh Div. and Gram. {Brit. Did.) — ..1644 
 
 Davies, John. Translator 1625 . . 1693 
 
 Davies, John. Critic 1679. .1732 
 
 Davies, Miles. Welsh Clergyman. (Athence Britannicce) fl. ti. Geo. I. 
 
 Davies, Robert. Welsh Poet. Bard Nantglyn 1770. .1836 
 
 Davies, Robert, of Llanerch. Antiquary 1684?. 1728 
 
 Davies, Samuel, d. d. American Divine 1724. .1761 
 
 Davies, Rev. Sneyd. Archdeacon of Derby. Poet — . .1769 
 
 Davies, Thomas. Publisher, Actor, Writer 1712'' . 1785 
 
 Davies, Rev. Walter. Writer on Wales 1761 . . 1849 
 
 Davila, Henry Catherine. ( Civil Wars in France) 1576. . 1631 
 
 Davlla, John. Apostle of Andalusia 1500. .1569 
 
 Davila, Peter Francis. Spanish Naturalist — . . 1785 
 
 Da Vinci, Leonardo. Pamter. L. by J. W. Brown, 1828 1452. .1519? 
 
 Davis, Rev. Henry Edwards. Historical Writer 1756. .1784 
 
 Davis, John. Navigator and Discoverer — . . 1605' 
 
 Davis, John. American Jurist 1761 . . 1847 
 
 Davis, John. American Statesman 1787. . 1854 
 
 Davis, or Davies, John, of Hereford. Poet & Schoolmast. — ..1618' 
 
 Davis, J. P. Historical Painter 1783?. 1862. 
 
 Davis, Matthew L. American Writer 1 766 . . 1850 
 
 Davis, Thomas. Irish Poet 1814. . 1845 
 
126 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED 
 
 Pavison, Jeremiah. Painter — . .1745 
 
 Pavison, Wm. Statesman. Life by Sir H. Nicolas, 1823 fl. ti. Eliz. 
 Davoust, or Davout, Louis Nicholas. Duke of Auerstadt. 
 
 Marshal of France 1770. .1823 
 
 D'Avrigny, Hyacinth Robillard. French Historian 1675. -^7^9 
 
 Davy, Sir Humphry. Natural Philosopher. Life by Ayr- 
 ton, 1830; Dr. J. Davy,1839 1778. .1829 
 
 Davy, John. Musical Composer 1765 . . 1824 
 
 Davys, George. Bishop of Peterborough — ..1864 
 
 Dawe, George, R. A. Painter and Biographer 1775 ? . 1829 
 
 Dawes, Manasseh. Writer on Law & Political Economy — ..1829 
 Dawes, Richard. Greek Critic. {Miscellanea Critica). . . 1708. .1766 
 Dawes, SirWm. Abp. of York (1713-24). Preach. & Writ. 1671..1724 
 
 Dawson, George. ( Origo Legum) — . .1700 
 
 Day, John. Printer 1522. .1584 
 
 Day, John. Poet fl. ti. Jas. I. 
 
 Day, Stephen. American Printer 161 1 . . 1668 
 
 Day, Thomas. Poet and Writer. {Sandford and MeHon.) 
 
 Life by J, Blackman, 1862. 1748. .1789 
 
 Dayton, Elias. American Revolutionary Officer 'i-737- • 1807 
 
 Dayton, WiUiam L. American Statesman 1807 . . 1865 
 
 Deageant de St. Marcellan, Guichard. French Writer — . .1639 
 
 Deane, James. American Phj'sician and Scientist 1801 . . 1858 
 
 Deane, Silas. American Diplomatist — . .1789 
 
 Dearborn, Henry. American General 1751 • • 1829 
 
 De Bergh, Augustus. Scientific Writer — . . 1864 
 
 De Bernard du Grail, Charles. French Novelist 1805 . .1850 
 
 Debrett, John. Bookseller. {DebretVs Peerage) 1752?. 1822 
 
 Debrowsky, Joseph. Bohemian Writer ." i753- • 1829 
 
 De Bure, Francis. Booksell. at Paris. {Bibliog. Instruct.) 1731 . .1782 
 De Bury, Richard. Bishop of Durham. See Angarville. 
 
 Life by S. Gibson, 1850 1287?. 1345 
 
 De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus. Botanist 1778. . 1841 
 
 De Castro, Guillen. Spanish Dramatist 1569. . 1631 
 
 De Castro, John. Portuguese General and Governor. 
 
 Life by J. F. D'Andrada, 1786 1500. .1548 
 
 Decatur, Stephen. American Naval Officer i779- • 1820 
 
 Decembrio, Pietro Candido. Milanese Statesm. & Writer 1399. .1477 
 Dechales, Millet Claude Francis. French Mathematician . 1621 . . 1678 
 
 Decio, Philip. Italian Lawyer I454- • 1535 
 
 Decius. Roman Emperor (249-51) 201 . . 251 
 
 Decker, Francis. Dutch Medical Writer fl. 1670' 
 
 Decker, or Dekker, Jeremias de. Dutch Poet 161 o . . 1666 
 
 Decker, or Dekker, John. Dutch Chronol. and Historian 1550?. 1619 
 
 Decker, Sir Matthew. Political Economist — ••I749 
 
 Decker, or Dekker, Thomas. Dramatist — . . 1641 ? 
 
 Dedekind, Frederick. German AVriter i55o- -1598 
 
 De Dominis, Mark Anthony. Archbishop of Spoleto; 
 
 Dean of Windsor. (De RepMica Ecdesiastica) 1556. . 1624 
 
 Dee, John. Mathematician and Astrologer 1527 . . 1608 
 
 Deering, J. P., m. p., r. a., {originally Gandy). Architect 1780. . 1850 
 
 Defesch, William. German Violinist i68o?.aft.i757 
 
 Deflfand, Maria de Vichy Chamrond, Marchioness du. 
 
 Life by Miss Berry, 1844 1697. . 1780 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 127 
 
 BORN. DIED 
 
 De Foe, Daniel. {Robinson Crusoe.) L. by Geo. Chalmers ; 
 
 Walter Wilson, 1830 ; J. Fo.-ster; W. Chad wick, 1859 . . 1663?. 1 731 
 De Gerando, Joseph Mary, Baron. French Statesman. . 1772. .1842 
 
 De Grey, Thomas Philip, Earl. Architect 1781 . . 1859 
 
 De Guignes, Joseph. Historian and Orient. ( The Huns) 1721 , .1800 
 
 Deidier, Anthony. French Medical Writer — . .1746 
 
 Dejaure, John Elias Bedenc. French Poet 1761 . .1799 
 
 Dejoces. Fomider of the Median Empire — B.c.657? 
 
 De Kalb, John, Baron. German General in America . . . 1732?. 1780 
 Dekker. See Decker. 
 
 De la Beche, Sir Henry Thomas. Geologist 1796. . 1855 
 
 Delaborde, John Benjamin. French Musical Composer. . 1734. . 1794 
 
 Delacepfede, Bernard G. S. L. French Naturalist 1756. .1825 
 
 Delacour, James. Irish Poetical Writer 1709. .1781? 
 
 Delacroix, I'erdinand Victor Eugene. French Painter. . 1798. .1863 
 Delalande, Peter Anthony. Fr. Naturalist and Traveler . 1787 . . 1823 
 Delanibre, John Baptist Joseph. French Astronomer. . . 1749. .1822 
 
 Delamet, Adrian Augustin de Bussy. Casuist 1621 . . 1691 
 
 Delandine, Anthony Francis. French Writer 1756. .1820 
 
 Delane, William Aug. Fred. English Journalist i793 • • 1857 
 
 Delany, Mary. Life by self, and Lady Llano ver, 1862. . . 1700. .1788 
 
 Delany, Patrick. Dean of Down. Divine • 1686?. 1768 
 
 Delaroche, Hippolyte, or Paul. French Painter i797- • 1856 
 
 Delarue, Gervaise. Abb^. Antiquary. . .^ 1751 • • 1835 
 
 Delaune, Thomas. {Plea for Nonconformists) • — . . 1685? 
 
 Delauney, Coimt d'Antraigues. Political Agent 1756. .1812 
 
 Delaval, Edward Hussey. Chemist and Nat. Philosopher 1729 . . 1814 
 
 Delavigne, John Francis Casimir. French Poet i793- • ^843 
 
 Delessert, Benjamin. French Financier i773- • 1847 
 
 Deleyre, Alexander. French Writer 1726. .1797 
 
 Delfau, Francis. French Monk and Writer 1637. .1676 
 
 Delfico, Melchior. Neapolitan Writer 1744 . . 1835 
 
 Delflno, John, of Aquileia. Italian Poet 161 7. . 1699 
 
 Delft, van, or Delphus, Wm. James. Painter & Engraver 1619. . 1661 
 
 Delille, James French Poet. Translator of Virgil 1738.. 1813 
 
 Deliniers, Jas. Anth. Mary. Viceroy of Buenos Ayres . . 1756. .1810 
 
 Delisle, Claude. Historian ' 1644. .1720 
 
 Delisle, John Baptist Isoard. De Sales. French Writer 1743. .1816 
 Delisle, Jos. Nicholas. Astronomer. {Hist, of Astronomy) 1688.. 1768 
 Delisle, Louis. Astronomer, Geographer, and Traveler. . — ••1741 
 
 Delisle, William. Geographer. {Atlas) 1675 . . 1 726 
 
 Delius, Christopher Traugott. Mineralogist 1728. .1779 
 
 Delja Maria, Dominic. Musical Composer 1768. .1800 
 
 Delmont, Deodato. Historical Painter 1581 . . 1634 
 
 Delolme, John Louis. Polit.Writ. L. by J. Macgregor, m. p. i 740 . . 1806 
 
 Delorme, Marion 1612' . 1650 
 
 Delorme, Philibert. French Architect 1518..1577 
 
 Delpini, Charles Anthonv. Clown and Dramatic Writer — ..1828 
 
 Delrio, John. Dean of Antwerp. {Ps. CXIX.) — . . 1624 
 
 Delrio, Martin Anthony. Jesuit, Bibhcal Commentator. . 1551 . . 1608 
 
 Del Sarto, Andrea Vanucchi. Italian Painter 1488. .1530 
 
 Deluc, John Andrew. Genevese Naturalist 1727. . 1817 
 
 Demades. Athenian Orator and Statesman — B.c.318 
 
 Demeste, John, m. d., of Liege 1743. -^7^3 
 
128 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Demetrius. Phalereus. Attic Orator 345 282? b.c. 
 
 Demetrius. Czar of Russia. The False 1581 . . 1606 
 
 Demetrius M"icator. 12th K. Syria (b.c. 146-2, 128-5) 165 ? . 125 b.o. 
 Demetrius Poliorcetes. King Maced. ( b.c. 294-287 ) . . 337 . 283 b. c. 
 Demetrius Soter. Tenth King of Syria (b.c. 162-150) 187?. i5o?b.o. 
 
 De Missy, Csesar. j&erman Divine 1703- -1775 
 
 Democedes. Greek Physician 550 b.c. . — 
 
 Democritus. Laughing Philosopher 460 . 357 b.c. 
 
 Demoivre, Abraham. Mathematician 1667 . . 1 754 
 
 Demosthenes. Athenian Orator 385 ' • 322 b.c. 
 
 Demours, Peter. French Oculist 1 702 .. 1795 
 
 Demoustier, Charles Albert. French Dramatic Writer. . 1760. .1801 
 Dem.pster, Geo. Agriculturist and Miscellaneous Writer 1736. .1818 
 
 Dempster, Thomas. Scottish Writer i579- • 1625 
 
 Dempster, Wm. Scottish Writ. {Eccles. Hist, of Scot.) 1490. .1557 
 Denliam, Dixon. Lieutenant-Colonel. African Traveler 1786. .1828 
 
 Denhaju, Sir John. Poet 1615 . . 1668 
 
 Denina, Mary James Charles. Italian Historian 1731 • • 1813. 
 
 Denisou, Joseph, m. p. Historical Writer and Poet — . .1806 
 
 Denistoun, James. Historian and Biographer — . . 1855 
 
 Deuman, Thomas, m. d. Medical Writer 1733. .1815 
 
 Denman, Thomas, Lord. Chief Justice 1 779 . 1854 
 
 Denne, John. Divine and Antiquary 1693 . . 1767 
 
 Denne, Samuel. Writer on History and Antiquities .... 1730. .1799 
 
 Denner, Balthazar. German Portrait Painter 1685 . .1747' 
 
 Dennie, Joseph. American Journalist and Author 1768. .1812 
 
 Demiie, William Henry. Colonel ; Indian Officer — ..1842 
 
 Dennis, John. Poet, Critic, and Political Writer 1657. .1734 
 
 Denny, Sir Anthony. Favorite of Henry VIII — . .1550 
 
 Denon, Dominique Vivant, Baron de. Egyptian Traveler 1747. .1825 
 
 Dens, Peter. Roman Catholic Theologian — . . 1690 
 
 Dentatus, Marcus Curius. Roman Consul fl.3d c. b.o. 
 
 Denton, John. Ejected Nonconformist Divine 1625 . .1708 
 
 Denton, William, "m. d. Political Writer 1605 . . 1691 
 
 Dentrecolles, Francis Xavier. Jesuit Missionary to China 1664. . 1741 
 Denys, James. French Lithotomist and Accoucheur. ... fl. 1730 
 Denys, James. Historical & Portrait Painter, of Antwerp 1645 . . — 
 Denys, John Baptist. Fr. Physician ; Transtliser of Blood — . .1704 
 
 Denys, St. Apostle of France , fl. 3d c 1 
 
 D'6on, Chevalier. Equerry to Louis XV., &c., &c 1728. . iSiot ; 
 
 Dfiparcieux, Anthony. French Mathematician i703' '1768 • 
 
 Depping, George Bernard. Writer at Paris 1784. . 1853 
 
 De Quincey, Thomas. Writer. Life by self, 1853 1785 . .1859 
 
 Derbishire, Stewart. Journalist and Writer — . .1863 
 
 Derby, George H. American Writer and Soldier — . . 1861 
 
 Derby, James Stanley, Earl of. Royalist. Beheaded . . . 1596. .1651 
 
 Derfflinger, Geo., von. General 1606. . 1695 
 
 Derliam, William, d. d. Divine 1657. . 1735 
 
 Dering, Edward. Puritan Divine — • • 1576 
 
 Dering, Sir Edward. Politician 1598. . 1644 
 
 Dermody, Thomas. Poet. Life by J. G. Raymond, 1806 1775 . . 1802 
 
 Derrick, Samuel. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer 1724. .1769 
 
 Derschawin, or Derzhavin, Gabriel Romanovitch. Russian 
 
 Poet and Statesman 1743. .1816 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 129 
 
 BOaiT. DIED. 
 
 Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, Third Earl of. Jacobite. 
 
 Life by Sj'^dney Gibson ■ 1689. .1716 
 
 Deryck, Peter Cornelius. Dutch Landscape Painter 1568. . 1630 
 
 Deryke, William. Historical Painter of Antwerp 1635 . . 1697 
 
 Desaguliers, Kev. Dr. John Theoph. Experim. Philos.. . 1683. .1744 
 Desaix de Veygoux, Louis Chas. Anthony. Fr. General 1768. .1800 
 
 Desargues, Gerard. Mathematician i593- • 1662 
 
 D6saugiers, Mark Anthony Madeleine. French Song- 
 Writer and Dramatist 1772. . 1827 
 
 Desault, Peter. French Physician 1675 • • ^ IVJ 
 
 Desault, Peter Joseph. Fr. 'Surgical Writ. L. by Caillau 1 744 . , 1 795 
 Des Barreaux, James Valine, Lord. French Poet ; Writer 1602 . . 1673 
 Des Barres, Jos. Fred. Wallet. Soldier and Hydrographer 1 722 . . 1824 
 
 DesblUons, Francis Joseph Terrasse. French Writer 1711. .1789 
 
 Desbois, Francis Alexander. Compiler of Dictionaries . . 1699. .1784 
 
 Descartes, Rene. Philosopher. Life by Baillet 1596. . 1650 
 
 Deaericius, or Deseritz, Joseph Innocent. Hung. Writer 1702. .1765 
 
 Desdze, Raymond. French Magistrate 1750. .1828 
 
 Desfontaines, Peter Francis Guyot. French Critic 1685 . . 1745 
 
 Desfontaines, Ren6 Louiche. French Naturalist 1751 ?. 1833 
 
 Desgodets, Anthony. French Architect 1653 . .1728 
 
 Deshays, J. Baptist Henry. French Painter 1729. .1765 
 
 Deslioxili^res, Antoinette du Ligier. French Poetess 1634?. 1694 
 
 Deslioiilieres, Antoinette Theresa, daughter. Poetess . . 1662. .1718 
 Desmahis, Jos. Francis Edw. de Corsembleu. Fr. Poet 1722. .1761 
 
 Desmaizeaux, Peter. Biographer 1666 . . 1 745 
 
 Desmares, Mary.- La Champmesle. French Actress ... 1644. .1698 
 Desmares, Toussaint. Jansenist. .{Necrologe de P. Royal) 1599. .1669 
 Desmarets, Francis Seraphin Regnier. Fr. Poet and Critic 1632. .1713 
 Desmars, Nicholas. Physician and Naturalist of Boulogne — . . 1 767 
 
 Desmolets, Peter Nicholas. French Writer 1678. .1760 
 
 Desmoulius, Benoit Camille. French Revolutionist 1762. .1794 
 
 Besnoyers, Aug. Caspar Louis Boucher, Baron. French 
 
 Engraver i779' ''^^S7 
 
 De Soto, Fernando. Discoverer of the Mississippi 1500. .1542 
 
 D'Espagne, John. French Protestant Preacher in London 1 591 . . 1659 
 Despard, Edward Marcus. Irish Officer and Conspirator 1755? 1803 
 Despars, or De Partibus, James. French Medical Writer 1380?, 1458 
 Despautere, orVanPauteren, John. Flemish Grammarian 1460?. 1520 
 
 Despencer, Hugh le. Favorite of Edward II — . . 1326 
 
 Despencer, Hugh le, son. Favorite of Edward II — . . 1326 
 
 Despidrres, John. Mathematician, Mechan., Commentator 1597.. 1664 
 
 Desplaces, Louis. French Engraver 1682 . . 1 733 
 
 Desportes, Claude Francis. Painter 1696? . 1 774 
 
 Desportes, Francis. French Painter 1661 . .1743 
 
 Desportes, John Baptist. French Phys. at St. Domingo 1704. .1748 
 Despretz, Caesar Mansuete. French Savant and Author 1789. .1863 
 
 Dessalx, Jos. Mary. French General 1764. . 1834 
 
 Dessalines, John Jas. Negro Emperor of Hayti (1804-6) 1760 -.1806 
 
 Dessenius, Bernard. Dutch Medical Writer 1510..1574 
 
 Dessolles, John Jos. Paul Augustin, Marquis. French 
 
 General and Statesman 1767. . 1828 
 
 Destouches, Philip H6ricault. French Dramatic Writer 1680. .1754 
 
 D'Estr6es, Gabrielle. Mistress of Henry IV 1571?, 1599 
 
 
 
130 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED 
 
 Destutt de Tracy, Anth. Louis Claude. Fr. Philosopher 1754. .1836 
 
 Detharding, George. Gertnan Medical Writer — aft. 1696 
 
 De Tott, Francis, Baron. French Negotiator I733 • -1793 
 
 Deusdedit. Archbishop of Canterbury (655-64) — . . 664 
 
 Deusdeditl. Pope (615-18) — .. 618 
 
 Deusdedit II. (672-76) — . . 676 
 
 Deusing, Anthony. Flemish Medical Writer 1612. .1666 
 
 Deutsch, Nicholas Manuel. Swiss Painter 1484. .1530 
 
 Devaux, John. French Surgical Writer 1610. . 1695 
 
 Devaux, John, son. Surgeon. Transl. of Medical Works 16^9. .1729 
 
 De venter, Henry. Dutch Accoucheur — . .1739 
 
 De Vere, Sir Aubrey. Dramatic Poet — . . 1846 
 
 De Vere, Edward. Seventeenth Earl of Oxford. Poet . . 1540?. 1604 
 Devereux, Robert, 2d Earl of Essex. Beheaded by Eliz. 1567. .1601 
 Devereux, Robert, Third Earl of Essex. Parliara. General 1592. .1646 
 
 Devereux, Walter, First Earl of Essex 1540'. 1576 
 
 De Vigny, Alfred, Count. French Poet and Novelist . . . 1799. .1863 
 
 Devis, Arthur William. Painter 1762. .1822 
 
 Devonsidre, Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of. Poetess 
 
 and Beauty i757- .1806 
 
 D'Ewes, Sir Symonds. Hist, and Antiq. {Pari. Journal 1602. .1650 
 De Wette, Wm. Martin Leberecht. German Theologian 
 
 and Biblical Critic 1780. .1849 
 
 De Wint, Peter. English Artist 1783. .1849 
 
 De "Winter,. John William. Dutch Admiral 1750. .1812 
 
 De "Witt, James. Painter 1695 . . 1 744 
 
 De Witt, John. Grand Pensionary. See Witt. . ; 1625 . . 1672 
 
 Dexter, Samuel. American Statesman and Jurist 1761 . . 1816 
 
 Deynum, John Baptist van. Dutch Painter 1620. . — 
 
 Deyster, Anna. Painter 1696^. 1746 
 
 Deyster, Louis. Flemish Historical Painter 1656. .1711 
 
 Dezallier d'Argenville, Anthony Joseph. Conchologist 1680. .1765 
 
 D'Herbelot, Bartholomew. Orientalist * 1625 . . 1695 
 
 D'Hilliers, Louis Baraguay. French General 1764 . . 1812 
 
 D'Hozier, Peter. French Genealogist 1592. . 1660 
 
 Diagoras. Greek Poet and Philosopher fl. B.C. 430? 
 
 Diana of Poitiers. Mistress of Henry 11. of France 1499. .1566 
 
 Dias, Bartholomew. Navigator — . .1500 
 
 Diaz, Michael. Aragonese Explorer — ab.1514 
 
 Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. Span. Advent. & Chronicler fl. 15th c. 
 Dibdin, Charles. Naval Song-Writer. LifebyT. Dibdin 1745. .1814 
 
 Dibdin, Thomas, son. Dramatist and Song-Writer 1771 . . 1841 
 
 Dibdin, Rev. Thomas Frognall, d.d. Miscellaneous Writer 1770. . 1847 
 
 Diceto, Ralph de. Historian — - . 1283 
 
 Dick, Dr. Thomas. Writer on Natural Philosophy 1772. .1857 
 
 Dickenson, Edm. Physician, Chemist, and Orientalist. 
 
 {Delphi Phmnicizanies.) Life by Blomberg, 1739 1624. .1707 
 
 Dickenson, Philemon. American Revolutionary Officer. — ..1809 
 
 Dickinson, Grace. Poet. {Songs in the Night) — ^ . . 1863 
 
 Dickinson, John. American Political Writer 1732. . 1808 
 
 Dickinson, Jonathan. American Divine and Educator. . 1688. .1747 
 
 Dickons, Mrs. Vocalist ^77Sr^^33 
 
 Dickson, David. Scottish Divine and Commentator 1583?. 1662 
 
 Dickson, James. Scottish Botanist 1 738 .. 1822 
 
 1 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 131 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dicquemare, Jos. Francis. Fr. Naturalist and Astron. . 1733. .1789 
 
 Diderot, Denis. French Writer 1713- -1784 
 
 Didius. Roman Emperor (193) 133^ 193 
 
 Didot, Firmin. Printer and Writer 1764. . 1836 
 
 Didot, Francis Ambrose. French Printer 1730 . . 1804 
 
 Diebitsch, John Chas. Fred. Anthony, Count. Russian 
 
 Field Marshal ". 1785 . .1831 
 
 Diecman, John, of Stade. Theologian & Metaphysician 1647?. 1720 
 
 Dieffenbacli, John Frederick. Surgical Operator i795 • • ^^47 
 
 Diemen, Anthony van. Dutch Governor in India i593- -1645 
 
 Diemerbroeck, Isbrand van. Dutch Medical Writer . . . 1609. . 1674 
 
 Diepenbeck, Abraham van. Dutch Painter 1607'' . 1675 
 
 Dies, Albert. German Painter and Engraver i755 • • 1822 
 
 Dieskau, Louis Aug. German General 1701 . .1767 . 
 
 Diest, Adrian van. Dutch Painter and Engraver 1655 . .1704 
 
 Dietrich, Christian William Ernest. German Painter. . . 1712. .1774 
 Dietrich, John Conrad. German Scholar and Antiquary 1612. . 1669 
 Dietrich, Philip Frederick, Baron de. Fr. Mineralogist. 1748. .1793 
 
 Dieu, Louis de. Dutch Protestant Divine 1590- • 1642 
 
 Diez, John Martin. Spanish Guerrilla. The Empecinado 1775 . . 1825 
 
 Digby, Sir Everard, of the Gunpowder Plot 1581 . . 1606 
 
 Digby, George, Second Earl of Bristol. Publicist 1612. . 1676 
 
 Digby, John. First Earl of Bristol 1580. . 1653 
 
 Digby, Sir Kenelm. Writ. L. by self & Sir N. H. Nicolas . 1603 . . 1665 
 
 Digges, Sir Dudley. Politician and Writer 1583- • 1639 
 
 Digges, Leonard.* Geometrician and Meteorologist — . .1573' 
 
 Digges, Thomas, son. Astronomer and Mathematician. . — ••i595 
 
 Dilke, Charles Wentworth. Editor of Atherueum 1810. . 1864 
 
 Dillenius, John James. Botanist 1687. .1747 
 
 Dillon, Wentworth, Earl of Roscommon. Poet 1633?. 1684 
 
 Dilworth, Thomas. Writer of School-Books — . .1780 
 
 Dimsdale, Thomas, Baron, M. D. Inoculator 1712. . 1800 
 
 Dinarchus. Attic Orator 361 ? b.c. aft.292 
 
 Dingley, Robert. Puritan Divine 1619. . 1659 
 
 Dinocrates. Macedonian Architect fl. ti. Alex. 
 
 Dinoth, Richard, of Coutances. {De Bello Civili Gallico). — ..1590? 
 Dinouart, Anthony Joseph Toussaint. Writer at Paris, . 1715 . .1786 
 Dinwiddie, Robert. Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia. . . . 1690?, 1770 
 
 Diocletian. Emperor (284-305) 245 . . 313 
 
 Diodati, John. Divine ; Translator of Bible 1576. . 1649 
 
 Diodorus Siculus. Historian fl.ti. Augustus. 
 
 Diogenes. Cynic Philosopher 412? B.C. 323 
 
 Diogenes of Apollonia. Greek Philosopher fl.5th c. b.c. 
 
 Diogenes Laertius. ( Lives of the Philosophers) fl.2d c. ? a.d. 
 
 Dion, of Syracuse. Patriot — B.c.353 
 
 Dion Cassius. Historian , 155? aft. 229 
 
 Dion Chrysosto33i. Rhetorician and Sophist — .. 117? 
 
 Dionis, Peter. French Surgeon and Anatomist — ...1718 
 
 Dionysius. Bishop of Rome (259-269 ) — . . 269 
 
 Dionysius. Tyrant of Svracuse (405-367). The Elder. 430? b.c 367 
 Dionysius, son. Tyrant of Syracuse (367-343). The 
 
 Younc/er .' 397?B.c.aft.343 
 
 Dionysius. Bishop of Alexandria (247-265) — . . 265 
 
 Dionysius. Periegetes. Geographer fl. a.d. 300? 
 
132 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dionysius Sxiguus. Roman Monk — . . 540 
 
 Dionysius of Halicamassus. Historian bef.A.D.18 
 
 Diophantus. Greek Algebraist of Alexandria fl.5th c? a.d. 
 
 Dioscorides, Pedanius. Gr. Phys. & Botanist of Cilicia . . fl.2d c? A.i>. 
 Dippel, John Conrad. German Physician and Alchemist 1672. . 1734 
 Dirois, Francis. Doctor of Sorbonne. {Preuves et Prejuges) 1620.. 1690 
 
 Disney, Rev. John. Divine and Magistrate 1677. .1730 
 
 Disraeli, Isaac. ( Curiosities of Literature) 1 767 . . 1848 
 
 Dissen, George. Ludolph. German Scholar 1784. . 1837 
 
 Ditlunar, Justus Christopher. Writ, on German History 1677. .1737 
 
 Ditmar, Bishop of Mersburgh. Historian 976. . 1028 
 
 Ditters, Charles. German Musician 1 739 . . 1 799 
 
 Ditton, Humphrey. Mathematician 1675 . . 1 7 15 
 
 Divini, Eustachius. Italian Telescope Maker 1620''. 1664? 
 
 Dixon, George. Navigator — . . 1800? 
 
 Dixwell, Col. John. Regicide Judge 1608 . . 1689 
 
 Dlugoss, John. Polish Archbishop. {History of Polajid) 141^. .14S0 
 
 Dmitrieff, Ivan Ivanovitch. Russian Poet 1760. . 1837 
 
 Doane, Geo. Washington, d.d. Amer. Divine and Writer 1799. .1859 
 
 Dobree, Peter Paul. Classical Scholar 1782. . 1825 
 
 Dobrentey, Gabor, or Gabriel. Hungarian Antiquary. . . 1786. .1851 
 Dobrizhoffer, Martin. Jesuit Missionary in S. America 171 7. .1791 
 
 Dobrovsky, Joseph. Bohemian Writer ^7 S3- • 1829 
 
 Dobson, William. Painter 1610..1647 
 
 Doca, Frederick M. ( Triglott Grammar) 1794?. 1864 
 
 Dod, Albert Baldwin, d. d. American Scholar 1805 , . 1845 
 
 Dod, Charles Roger. Peerage Compiler ^793- • 1855 
 
 Dod, John. Decabgist. Puritan Divine 1547 . . 164$ 
 
 Dodart, Denis. French Physician and Botanist 1634. .1707 
 
 Dodd, Charles. Rom. Cath. Hist. {Ch.Sist.qfUng.).. —..1745? 
 
 Dodd, Ralph. Civil Engineer 1761 . . 1822 
 
 Dodd, Thomas. ( Connoisseur^ s Repertory) — . . 1850 
 
 Dodd, Rev. William, d. d. Executed. L. by Reed, 1777 1729, .1777 
 
 Doddridge, Sir John. Lawyer and Writer i555 • • 1628 
 
 Doddridge, Philip. Dissenting Divine. Life by Orton . . 1 702 . . 1 75 1 
 Doddridge, Philip. American Lawyer and Politician. . . 1772. .1832 
 
 Doderlein, Louis. Professor at Tubingen 1791 ?. 1863 
 
 Dodington, George Bubb, Lord Melcombe. Politician. . 1691 . .1762 
 
 Dodoens, or Dodonaeus, Rembert. Dutch Botanist 1518. . 1585 
 
 Dodsley, Robert. Poet and Writer 1703. .1764 
 
 Dodson, MichaeL Lawyer and Biblical Writer 1732. . 1799 
 
 Dodsworth, Roger. Antiquary and Topographer 1585. .1654 
 
 Dodvens, or Doudyns, William. Dutch Historical Painter 1630. . 1697 
 
 Dodwell, Edward. ( Classical Tour through Greece) 1767. .1832 
 
 Dodwell, Henry. Theologian. Life by Brokesby, 1715 1641. .1711 
 
 Dodwell, William. Divine 1709- -1785 
 
 Doederlein, John Christopher, of Jena. Theologian 1748 .. 1792 
 
 Does, Jacob van der, The Old. Dutch Paint, and Engrav. 1623. .1673 
 Does, Jacob van der, The Young, son. Dutch Painter. . . 1654. . 1693 
 
 Does, Simon van der, brother. Dutch Painter 1653. .1717 
 
 Doggett, Thomas. Author and Actor — . . 1721 
 
 Doissin, Louis. Latin Poet 1721 . . i753 
 
 Dolabella, Publius Cornelius. Son-in-law of Cicero. ... — B.c.43 
 Dolben, John. Archbishop of York 1625 . . 1686 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 133 
 
 BOBN. SISD. 
 
 Dolce, or Dolci, Carlo. Tuscan Painter 1616, . 1686 
 
 Dolce, Louis. Italian Writer 1508. .1568 
 
 Dole, or Dolaeus, John. German Medical Writer 1651 . .1712 
 
 Dolet, Stephen. French Jurist 1509. .1546 
 
 Dollinger, Ignatius. German Physiologist 1770- .1841 
 
 Dollond, George. Optician i774- • 1852 
 
 Dollond, John. Optician. L. by Rev. John Kelly, ll. d. 1706. . 1761 
 Dolomieu, D^odat Guy Silvain Tancred Gratet de. 
 
 French Geologist i75o- • i^oi 
 
 Domat, or Daumat, John. French Jurist 1625 . . 1696 
 
 Donabey, Joseph. French Botanist and Traveler 1742. . 1796 
 
 Dombrowski, John Henry. Polish General 1755 . . 1818 
 
 Domenichi, Louis. Italian Writer and Translator i5oo''.i564 
 
 Doraenichino. Dominic Zampieri. Painter 1581 . .1641 
 
 Dominic de Guzman, St. Founder of Dominicans and 
 
 Inquisitor. L. by John Anthony Flaminio ; Malvenda 1 1 70 . . 1221 
 Dominis, Mark Anthony de. Abp. of Spalatro ; Dean of 
 
 Windsor. {Be Eepubl. Ecclesiast. ; De Jiadiis Visus) .. 1566.. 1624 
 
 Domitian. Roman Emperor (81-96) 52 . . 96 
 
 Domna, Julia. Empress; wife of Septimius Severus. . . . 158?. 217 
 
 Don, David. Scottish Botanist 1800, . 1840 
 
 Donaldson, John William, d. d. Philologist 1812. . 1861 
 
 Donatello. Donato di Belio di Bardi. Florentine Sculp. 1383. .1466 
 Donati, Vitalian. {Natural History of Adriatic Sea). .. . 1713..1763 
 
 Donato. See Donatello. Architect and Sculptor 1383. .1466 
 
 Donato, Alex. Jesuit at Sienna. {Roma Vetm et Recens) 1584. . 1640 
 
 Donato, Bernardino. Translator — "iSSo 
 
 Donato, Jerome. Statesman and Writer 1454''. 15 13 
 
 Donato, Marcellus. Italian Count. {Scholia) fl. 1607 
 
 Donatus. Bishop of Casa Nigra. Fovmder of Donatists fl. 212 
 
 Donatus, ^lius. Grammarian at Rome fl. 356 
 
 Doncker, or Donkers, Peter. Painter, of Gouda 1612. . 1668 
 
 Dondis, James de. Aggregator. Med. Writ. & Mathemat. 1298. . 1359 
 
 Donducci, John Andrew. II Mastelleta. Painter ^575 • • 1655 
 
 Doneau, or Donellus, Hugh. {De Jure Civili) 1527. .1591 
 
 Donelli, Sir Ross. Admiral — . . 1841 
 
 Doni, Anthony Francis. Italian Musician and Poet 1513'', 1574 
 
 Doni, John Baptist. Florentine Musical Writer 1593 . . 1647 
 
 Doni d'Atticlii, Louis. Florentine Writer in France, . . . 1596. . 1664 
 
 Donizetti, Gaetano. Musical Composer 1798 . . 1848 
 
 Donne, Benjamin. Mathematician 1729. .1798 
 
 Donne, John, d. d. Divine and Poet. Life by I. Walton, 
 
 1640; H. Alford, 1839 1573. .1631 
 
 Donoso Cortes, John Francis Maria de la Salud. Span- 
 ish Statesman 1809. . 1853 
 
 Donovan, Edward. Naturalist 1798. . 1837 
 
 Doolittle, Thomas. Nonconformist Divine 1630 . . 1 707 
 
 Doppelmaier, John Gabriel, of Nuremberg. Mathemat. 1671. .1750 
 Doppet, Francis Amadeus. French Writer and General 1753. .i8cx)' 
 
 Dorat, Claude Joseph. French Poet I734- .1780 
 
 Dorat, or Daurat, John. French Poet 1507?. 1588 
 
 Dorbay, Francis. French Architect — . .1697 
 
 Dorchester, Carleton Dudley, Viscount. Statesman.... 1573.. 1632 
 Dorchester, Catherine Sedley , Countess of — . . 1692 
 
134 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dor6, Peter. French Theologian 1500?. 1559 
 
 Doria, Andrew. Genoese Admiral. Life by Richer 1468. .1560 
 
 Dorigny, Louis. Historical Painter 1654. .1742 
 
 Dorigny, Michael. French Painter and Engraver 161 7 . . 1665 
 
 Dorigny, Sir Nicholas. Engraver 1657. .1746 
 
 Dorink, or Doring, Matthias. German Theologian. 
 
 ( Chronicles of Nuremberg ? ) 141 5 ? 1464? 
 
 Dorislaus, Isaac. Dutch Civil, and Repub. in England — . . 1649 
 
 D'Orl6an3, Louis. French Poet and Jurist 1542. . 1629 
 
 D'Orleans, Peter Joseph. Jesuit Historian 1644. . 1698 
 
 Dormans, John de. French Cardinal ; Founder ' — . . 1373 
 
 Dornavius, Caspar. Phvsician and Humorous Writer. . 1577. .1632 
 
 Doirr, Thomas Wilson. American Politician 1805 . .1854 
 
 D'Orsay, Count Alfred. Artist and Author 1798. . 1852 
 
 Dorsch, Everard. Engraver on Gems 1649. .1712 
 
 Dorsch, John Christopher, son. Portrait Engrav. on Gems 1676 . . 1 732 
 Dorset, Ann Clifford, Countess of. Auth. and Benefactor 1589. .1676 
 
 Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of. Wit and Poet 1637. . 1706 
 
 Dorset, Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of, k. g. Royalist . . 1590. .1652 
 Dorset, Thos. Sackville. Earl of. Statesman and Author 1527. .1608 
 
 Dorsey, John Syng. American Physician ^7^3- .1818 
 
 D'Orville, James Philip. Critic and Classical Editor 1696. .1751 
 
 D'Ossat, Arnaud. Cardinal. French Statesman 1536- .1604 
 
 Dossi, Dosso. Historical Painter — . . 1560? 
 
 Dost-Mohammed. Emir of Cabul 1785?. 1863 
 
 Douaren, or Duaren, Francis. French Civilian 1509- -1559 
 
 Doubleday, Edward. Naturalist 1810 . . 1849 
 
 Douce, Francis. Antiquary. Benefactor of Oxford Univ. 1762. .1834 
 Doucin, Louis. French Jesuit. {Hist, of Nestorianism) 1652.. 1726 
 Doudyns, or Dodvens, William. Dutch Historical Paint. 1630. .1697 
 
 Doufifet, or Duffeit, Gerard. Painter, of Liege i594- • 1660 
 
 Dougados, John Francis. Father Venance. Polit. & Poet 1 763 . . 1 794 
 
 Doughty, Thos. American Landscape Painter i793- .1856 
 
 Douglas, Archib., 4th Earl of. Tinernan. Fell at Verneuil — . . 1424 
 Douglas, Ai-chibald. Great Earl of Angus. BelUhe-Cat — ••^5'^4 
 
 Douglas, David. Botanic Traveler 1798. • 1834 
 
 Douglas, Gawin, or Gavin. Bishop of Dunkeld. Poet. 
 
 Life by Sage 1474?. 1522 
 
 Douglas, General Sir Howard. L. by S. W. Fullom,1863 1776. . 1861 
 Douglas, Sir Jas. The Good Sir James. Friend of Bruce — • '^33° 
 
 Douglas, James, 2d Earl of. Slain at Otterburn — . .1388 
 
 Douglas, James, 9th and last Earl of. Died at Lindores — . . 1488 
 Douglas, James, Earl of Morton. Regent. Beheaded . . 1530. .1581 
 
 Douglas, James, m. d. Anatomist 1675 . .1742 
 
 Douglas, James, Earl of Morton and Aberdeen. Astron. 1707. .1768 
 
 Douglas, John, Bishop of Salisbury. ( Criterion) 1721 . . 1807 
 
 Douglas, Stephen Arnold. American Statesman 1813. .1861 
 
 Douglas, Sylvester, Lord Glenbervie. Politician i743- -1823 
 
 Douglas, Wm., Knt. of Liddesdale ; taken at Nevil's Cross — . . 1353 
 
 Douglas, William, 1st Earl of. Fought at Poictiers — . . 1384 
 
 Douglas, William, Lord of Nithsdale. Black Douglas. . . — . .1390 
 Douglas, William. The Hardy. Defender of Berwick . . — ..1302 
 Douglas, William, 6th Earl of. Slain at royal banquet. . — ••I437 
 Douglas, William, 8th Earl of. Assassinated by James II. — . . 1452 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 135 
 
 BORN 
 
 Douglass, David Bates, ll. d. American Engineer . . . . 1 790 
 Dousa, Janus. Dutch Sell., Sold., & Poet. {A7in. of Holland) 1545 
 Dousa, Janus, son. Poet, Critic, Philosopher, and Math. 1571 
 
 Douven, John Francis. Dutch Painter 1656 
 
 DouviUe, John Baptist. French Traveler and Naturalist — 
 Douvre, Thomas de, of Bayeux. Archbishop of York. . 1027 
 
 Douvre, Tliomas de, nephew. Archbishop of York — 
 
 Douw, or Dow, Gerhard. Dutch Painter 1613 
 
 Dove, Nathaniel. Penman. ( The Progressof Time). . . . 1710 
 Dover, G. J. W. Agar Ellis, Lord. Historical Writer. . . 1797 
 Dow, Alex., Lieut.-Col. Pers. Schol. {Hist, of Iruhstan) — 
 Dow, Lorenzo. Eccentric American Methodist Preacher 1777 
 
 Dowland, John. Musician 1562 
 
 Downes, John. American Naval Gfficer 1786 
 
 Downham, George. Bp. of Derry. ( Christian Warfare) — 
 Downing, Andrew Jackson. Amer. Landscape Gardener 181 5 
 
 Downing, Calybute. Political Divine 1606 
 
 Downraan, Rev. Hugh. Physician and Poet, 1740 
 
 Dowse, Thomas. American 'Book-Collector 1772 
 
 Doyen, Gabriel Francis. French Painter 1726 
 
 Doyle, Sir Charles William. Military Officer — 
 
 Doyle, Jas. Irish R. C Bishop. L. by W. J. Fitzpatrick 1786 
 
 Doyle, Sir John. Military Officer 1756 
 
 D'Oyly, George, d. d. Biblical Commentator — 
 
 Drabicius, Nicholas. Moravian Visionary 1587 
 
 Draco. Athenian Lawgiver fl. b.< 
 
 Draconites, John. Lutheran Divine and Commentator 1494 
 
 Dragut. Barbary. Corsair — 
 
 Drake, Daniel. American Physician 1785 
 
 Drake, Sir Francis. Adm. L. by John Barrow, jr., 1843 1545 
 Drake, Francis. Surg, and Antiq. at York. {Eboracum) — 
 Drake, James. Phys. and Polit.Writ. Transl. Herodotus 1667 
 Drake, Joseph Rodman. American Physician and Poet 1795 
 
 Drake, Dr. Nathan. Physician and Writer 1766 
 
 Drakenberg, Christian Jacobsen. Norwegian Centenarian 1624 
 
 Drakenborch, Arnold. Classical Editor 1684 
 
 Dran, Henry Francis le. French Surgical Operator ..... 1685 
 Drant, Rev. Thos. Archd. of Lewes. Divine and Poet — 
 Draparnaud, Jas. Philip Raymond. Fr. Phys. and Natur. 1772 
 Draper, Sir W., k. b., Lieut.-Gen. Controversial Writer 1721 
 
 Drayton, Michael. Poet. (Polyolbion) 1563 
 
 Drayton, William Henry. American Political Writer . . . 1742 
 Drebbel, Cornelius van." Dutch Chemist and Nat. Phil. 1572 
 
 Drelincourt, Charles. French Protestant Divine 1595 
 
 Drelincourt, Charles, son. French Medical Writer 1633 
 
 Drelincourt, Lawrence. Preacher and Poet 1626 
 
 Dresser, Matthew. German Scholar 1536 
 
 Dreux de Radier, John Francis. Historical Writer 1714 
 
 Drevet, Peter. Engraver at Paris 1664 
 
 Drevet, Peter, son. Engraver 1697 
 
 Drew, Samuel. Methodist Divine & Metaphysical Writer. 
 
 Life by his son, J. H. Drew, 1834 1765 
 
 Drexelius, Jeremiah. Jesuit, of Augsburg; Writer 1581 
 
 Driedo, John. Theologian, of Louvain — 
 
136 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Drinker, Edward. American Centenarian 1680. .1782 
 
 Drinkwater Bethune, John. Colonel. {Siege of Gibraltar) 1762?. 1844 
 Drollinger, Charles Frederick. Ger. Poet and Scholar. . 1688. .1742 
 Droste-Hulshoff, Annette Elizabeth. German Lyric Poet 1798. .1848 
 
 Drouais, Hubert. French Painter 1699. .1767 
 
 Drouet, J. Baptist. French Revolutionist 1763. . 1824 
 
 Drouet, Stephen Francis. French Writer 1715. -1779 
 
 Drouet d'Brlon, J. Baptist. Marshal of France. L. by self 1765. .1844 
 Drouot, Anthony, Count. General; friend of Napoleon. . 1774. .iS^7 
 
 Droz, Henry Louis Jacquet. Swiss Mechanician 1752. .1791 
 
 Droz, Francis Xavier Joseph. French Writer 1773- • 1^5° 
 
 Druey, Charles. Swiss Statesmaii i799- • 1855 
 
 Drummond, Geo., of Edinb. Magistrate and Benefactor. 1687. .1766 
 
 Drummond, Robert Hay. Archbishop of York 1711 . . 1776 
 
 Drmnmond, Captain Thomas. Statesman & Philosopher. 
 
 Inventor of Drummond Light 1797- . 1840 
 
 Drummond, William, of Hawthornden. Poet. Life by 
 
 P. Cunningham, 1823 1585 . • 1649 
 
 Drummond, Sir Wm. Antiquary, Statesman, and Author 1760? 1828 
 
 Drury, Dru. Naturalist — . . 1804 
 
 Drury, Rev. Joseph. Master of Harrow School 1750. . 1834 
 
 Drury, Robert. Seaman. Writer on Madagascar 1687.. 1735? 
 
 Drusius, John. French Protestant Theologian 1550. . 1616 
 
 Drusus, M. Livius. Trib. Plebis b. c. 91. Assassinated. — b. c. 91 
 Drusus, Nero Claudius. Germanicus. Br. of Emp. Tiberius 38 B.C. 9 
 Drusus, son of Germanicus Caesar. Starved by Tiberius — A. d. 33 
 
 Drusus Csesar, son of Tiberius. Poisoned . . ." B.C.13.A.D.23 
 
 Druthmar, Christian. Monk of Corby. Commentator fl.ab.86o a.d. 
 Dryander, John. German Mathematician and Anatomist — ..1560 
 
 Dryander, Jonas. Swedish Naturalist 1748. . 1810 
 
 Dryden, John. Poet. Life by Sir Walter Scott ; Malone, 
 
 1800 ; R. Hooper 1631 . . 1701 
 
 Drysdale, Rev. John, d. d. Scottish Div. Life by Dalzel 17 18. .1788 
 
 Duane, William. American Politician " 1760. .1835 
 
 Duaren, or Douaren, Francis. Durenius. French Civilian 1509. .1559 
 Dubarry, Marie Jeanne, Countess. Favorite of Louis XV. 1746. . 1793 
 Dubartas, William de Sallust. Poet, Warrior, Statesman 1544. .1590 
 
 DubeUay, Joachim. French Poet 1524?. 1560 
 
 DubeUay, John. Cardinal Archbishop 1492. .1560 
 
 Dubellay, Martin. Prince of Yvetot. General, Negotiator, 
 
 and Writer. {Memxnrs) ' — . .1559 
 
 Dubellay, Wm. Ld. of Langey. Gen., Negot., and Writer 1491 . . 1543 
 Dubelloy, Peter Lawrence Buyrette. Dramatic Writer. 
 
 (Siege of Calais.) Life by Gaillard 1727. .1775 
 
 Dubocage, Marie Anne le Page. French Poet 1710. . 1802 
 
 Dubofe, Claude Mary^. French Painter 1790'. 1864 
 
 Dubois, Anthony. French Surgeon 1756. . 1837 
 
 Dubois, Charles Francis. Ecclesiastical Writer 1661 . . 1724 
 
 Dubois, Dorothea. Novelist — . .1774 
 
 Dubois, Edward. English Satirical Writer 1775 . . 1850 
 
 Dubois, Francis. Dutch Medical Writer 1614. . 1672 
 
 Dubois, James. Sylvius. French Medical Writer 1478 . . 1555 
 
 Dubois, John. Flemish Medical Writer , , — • • 1576 
 
 Dubois, John Anthony. French Abb6 and Missionary . . 1765 . . 1848 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 137 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dubois, Simon. Dutch Painter — . .1708 
 
 Dubois, William. Cardinal and Prime Minister of France 1656. .1723 
 Dubois de Cranc6, Edm. Louis Alexis. Fr. Statesman 1747. .1814 
 
 Dubos, Charles Francis. French Theologian 1661 . .1724 
 
 Dubos, Jerome. Dutch Painter fl. i6th c. 
 
 Dubos, J. Bapt. Abb^. Statesman, Hist., and Art Writer 1670. .1742 
 
 Duboucher, Matthew. French Law Writer and Poet — . . 1801 
 
 Duboiirg, Anne, or Annas. French Protestant Martyr . . 1521. .1559 
 
 Dubourg, Matthew. English Violinist 1703- • ^1^1 
 
 Dubraw, John, or Dubravius Scala. German Prelate, 
 
 Statesman, and Historian — • • ^553 
 
 Dubreul, James. French Jesuit Writer on Perspective. . 1528. .1614 
 
 Dubuisson, Francis Ren6 Andrew 1763. . 1836 
 
 Dubuisson, Paul Ulrich. French Author 1746. .1794 
 
 Due, Fronton du. French Jesuit Writer 1558. . 1624 
 
 Duo, John le. Dutch Painter of Animals 1636. . 1671 
 
 Ducange, Charles Dufresne, Sieur. French Antiquary . . 1610. .1688 
 
 Ducarel, Andrew Coltee. JEnglish Antiquary ' . . . 1713. . 1785 
 
 Ducart, Isaac. Dutch Flower-Painter .' 1630. . 1697 
 
 Ducas, Michael. Byzantine Historian fl. 15th c. 
 
 Ducasse, J. Baptist. French Admiral — . . 1715 
 
 Duccio di Buoninsegna. Painter of Sienna — . . 1340? 
 
 Duchal, James. Irish Divine 1697. .1761 
 
 Duchange, Caspar. French Engraver 1662 . . 1 756 
 
 Duchat, Jacob le. French Editor at Berlin 1658 . . 1735 
 
 Duchatel, Gaspar. French Statesman 1766. . 1793 
 
 DucMtel, Tanneguy. French Warrior 1360''. 1449 
 
 Duchatelet, Gabrielle, Emilie le Tonnelier de Breteuil, 
 
 Marchioness. Translator of Principia 1706. .1749 
 
 Ducbatelet d'Haraucourt, Louis Mary Flo. Politician I626^I792 
 Duch6, Jacob. American Clergyman. 
 
 Duch6 de Vancey, Joseph Francis. French Poet 1668. .1704 
 
 Duchesne, Andrew. French Geographer and Historian. 1584, .1640 
 
 Duchesne de Gisors, J. Bapt. Jos. French Painter 1770. .1856 
 
 Ducis, John Francis. French Dramatist '^-IZZ' • ^^^^ 
 
 Duck, Arthur. Civilian and Historical Writer 1580. .1649 
 
 Duck, Rev. Steph. Poet. Life by Rev. Jos. Spence, 1764 1700 . .1756 
 
 Duckworth, Sir John Thomas. Admiral 1748. .1817 
 
 Duclos, Charles Pineau. Historical Writer and Biographer 1704. .1772 
 
 Duclos, John Francis. French Poet 1705 . .1752 
 
 Duclos, Mary Ann. French Actress 1664'. 1748 
 
 Ducornet, Louis Csesar Jos. French Artist 1806. .1856 
 
 Ducrest de Villeneuve, Alex. Louis. French Admiral. 1777. .1852 
 
 Ducreux, Joseph. French Portrait Painter '^lyi • • 1802 
 
 DudeflEant. *See Deffand. Literary Lady at Paris 1697. .1780 
 
 Dudith, Andrew. Scholar and Statesman i533- -1589 
 
 Dudley, Ambrose, Baron L'Isle and Earl of Warwick iSJo''- 1589 
 
 Dudley, Charles Edw. American Statesman 1780. .1841 
 
 Dudley, Dud. Ironmaster. {MeiaLlum Martis) i599- • 1684 
 
 Dudley, Edm. Statesm. ( Tree of the Commonwealth.) Beh. 1462. .1510 
 Dudley, Lord Guilford, husband of Jane Grey. Beheaded — . .1554 
 Dudley, Rev. Sir Henry Bate. Miscellaneous Writer . . . 1745. -1024 
 
 Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland. Beheaded 1502. .1553 
 
 Dudley, John William Ward, Earl of. Statesman 1781 . . 1833 
 
138 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dudley, Paul. Colonial Chief Justice of Massachusetts. . 1675. ^/^^ 
 
 Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester; rival of Essex 1532' 1508 
 
 Dudley, Sir Robert, son. Philosopher and Engineer i573- • 1639 
 
 Duer, John. American Jurist 1782. .1858 
 
 Duer, William Alex., brother. Jurist 1780. . 1858 
 
 Du Fay, Chas. Francis de Cistemay. French Savant . . 1698. .1739 
 Dufr6noy, Peter Armand. Fr. Geologist and Mineral.. . 1792. .1857 
 Dufresne, Abraham Alexis Quinault. French Actor. . . . 1695 . . 1767 
 Dufresne, Charles, Sieur Ducange. French Antiquary. . 1610..1688 
 Dufresne, Philip Canoy, Sieur. Statesman and Lawyer. 1551 . . 1610 
 Dufresnoy, Charles Alfonso. French Painter and Poet. 
 
 {De Arte Graphicd) 1611 . . 1665 
 
 Dufresnoy. Historian. See Lenglet 1674. .1755 
 
 Dufiresny, Charles Riviere. French Comic Writer 1648. .1724 
 
 Dugard, William. I^nglish Scholar. {Lexic. Grcsci Test.) 1606.. 1662 
 Dugdale, Sir Wm. Antiq. and Hist. Life by Hamper, 1827 1605 . . 1686 
 
 Dughet, Caspar. Caspar Poussin. French Painter 161 3.. 1675 
 
 Dugominier, John Francis Coquille. Fr. Repub. General 1736. .1794 
 
 Duguay-Trouin, Rene. French Admiral 1673 . .1736 
 
 Duguesclin, Bertrand. Constable of France. Life by 
 
 Claude Menard; Guyard de Berville; Jamison, 1864. . 1314?. 1380 
 
 Duguet, James Joseph. French Theologian 1649. .1733 
 
 Du Halde, J. Baptist. French Jesuit. {History of China) 1674. . 1743 
 Duharael, J. Baptist. Commentator and Naturalist ... . 1624.. 1706 
 Duhainel, John Peter Francis Guillot. French Metallurgist 1730. . 1816 
 Duhamel du Monceau, Henry Louis. French Philos. 1700. .1782 
 Duhan, Lawrence. {Philosopkus in Uiramque Partem) . . . 1656?. 1726 
 Duigenan, Dr. .Patrick. Irish Civilian and Politician. 
 
 {LacrymcB Academicoe) 1735?. 1816 
 
 Duilius, Caius. Consul and Admiral, b. c. 260 fl. 260-231 b.c. 
 
 Duisburg, Peter de. ( Chronicle of Prussia) fl. 16th c. 
 
 Dujardin, Charles. Dutch Painter 1640 . . 1678 
 
 Dujarry> Lawrence Juillard. French Theologian & Poet 1658'. .1730 
 
 Duke, Rev. Richard. Divine and Poet i^ss'. 1711 
 
 Duker, Charles Andrew. German Classical Editor 1670. .1752 
 
 Dulaure, James Anthony. French Historical Writer. ... 1755 . . 1835 
 
 Dulcinus. Leader of the Dulcinists — . . 1308 
 
 Dullaert, Heyman, or Herman. Dutch Painter 1636. . 1684 
 
 Dulon, Frederick Louis. Prussian Flutist and Composer 1769.. 1826 
 
 Dulong, Peter Louis. French Chemist 1785 . . 1838 
 
 Dumandre, Anthony. Sculptor — . . 1 761 
 
 Dumandre, Hubert, brother. Sculptor and Architect. . . 1701 . .1781 
 Dumaniant, Anthony John Bourlin. Fr. Actor and Dram. 1752.. 1828 
 
 Dumaresq, Henry. British Officer 1 792 . . 1838 
 
 Dumas, Alex.. Davy. French General 1762. .1806 
 
 Dumas, Louis. French Musician 1676 . . 1 744 
 
 Dumas, Matthew, Count. French Soldier and Historian . 1753. . 1837 
 
 Dum6e, Joan. French Astronomer tl. 1680 
 
 Dumiesiiil, J. Bap. Gardin. Fr. Writ. {Synonymes Laiines) 1720.. 1802 
 
 Dumesnil, Maxy Frances. French Actress 1711.. 1803 
 
 Dummer, Jere. American Writer and Political Agent. . . 1680''. 1739 
 
 Dumont, George. Statistical Writer 1 725 . . 1 788 
 
 Dumont, John. Baron of Carlscroon. Hist. & Publicist — ..1726' 
 Dumont, John. Le Remain. French Painter .... ." 1 700.. 1 781 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 139 
 
 BORN. 
 
 Dumont, Peter Stephen Louis. Writer on Legislation. . 1759. . 
 
 Dumont d'Urville, JuL Sebast.Caesar. French Navigator 1790. . 
 
 Duraoxilin, Charles. Molinceus. French Jurist 1 500 . . 
 
 Dumoulin, Louis, br. Independent. {P air onus Bonce Fidd) 1606. . 
 
 Dumoulin, Peter. Molinmus. French Protestant Divine 1 568 , . 
 
 Dumoulin, Pet., son. Engl. Div. {Regii Sanguinis Clamor) 1600. . 
 
 Dumouriez, Anne Francis Duperier. French Poetess . . 1707. . 
 
 Dumouriez, Charles Francis Duperier. French General 1739. . 
 
 Dun, David Erskine, Lord. Scottish Judge 1670. . 
 
 Dunbar, George. Prof, of Greek at Edinburgh. (Xe«^co?^) 1774?. 
 
 Dunbar, William. Scottish Poet. Life by Laing 1465 ^ 
 
 Duncan, Adam, Lord. Admiral 1 731 • • 
 
 Duncan, Daniel. Physician 1649. . 
 
 Duncan, Mark. Scottish Phys. and Philosoph. Writer. , — . . 
 
 Duncan, Philip Bury, d. c. l. Naturalist, Antiq.,Philanth. — . . 
 
 Duncan, Thomas, r. s. a. Scottish Painter 1807. . 
 
 Duncan, Wm. Prof, at Aberdeen. Writ. & Transl. {Logic) 1717. . 
 
 Duncan, Rev. William Cecil, d. d. American Clergyman 
 
 and Writer \ 1824. . 
 
 Duncombe, Rev. John. Poet. ( Feminead) 1 730 . . 
 
 Duncombe, Wm. Poet & Misc. Writ. {L. Jun. Brutus) 1690. . 
 
 Dundas, Sir David. General 1736. . 
 
 Dundas, Henry, First Viscount Melville. Statesman. . . . 1740. . 
 
 Dundas, Sir Jas. Whitley Deans. Admiral in Black Sea 1785. . 
 
 Dundas, Sir Richard Saunders. Admiral in the Baltic. . 1802. . 
 
 Dundas, Thomas. British Officer 1750 • • 
 
 Dundee, John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount 1650'' 
 
 Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, Tenth Earl of. Naval 
 
 Officer. {Autobiography of a Searnan) 1775 . . 
 
 Duni, Egidio Romualdo. Italian Musical Composer .... 1709. . 
 
 Dunlap, William. American Artist and Writer 1760. . 
 
 Dunlop, Alex. Prof, at Glasgow. {Greek Grammar) 16^^. . 
 
 Dunlop, Wm., brother. Prof, and Preach, at Edinburgh 1692. . 
 
 Dunn, Samuel. Mathematician at Chelsea — . . 
 
 Dunning, John, First Lord Ashburton. Lawyer 1731 • • 
 
 Dunod de Charnage, Francis Ign., of Besan^on. Writer 1679. ■ 
 
 Dunois, John d'Orleans, Count. French Commander. . . . 1402?. 
 
 Duns Scotus, John. Schoolman 1265?. 
 
 Dunstable, John. Musical Composer and Mathematician 1400'. 
 
 Dunstan, St. Archbishop of Canterbury. Life by Ada- 
 lard; Bridferth; Osbern; Eadmer; Wm. Malmesbury 925.. 
 
 Dunster, Rev. Charles. Divine and Scholar — . . 
 
 Dunster, Rev. Henry. 1st President of Harvard College — . . 
 
 Dunthorne, Richard. Astron., Engineer, & Antiq. Artist — . . 
 
 Dunton, John. Bookseller & Auth. L. by Nicholas, 1818 1659.. 
 
 Dunz, or Duns, John. Swiss Painter 1645 . . 
 
 Du Pan, Mallet. Political Writer 1749 • • 
 
 Dupaty, Chas. Marg. J. Baptist Mercier. Fr. Pubhcist 1746. . 
 
 Dupaty, Charles Mercier, son. Sculptor 1771 . . 
 
 Duperray, Michael. French Lawyer and Eccles. Writer 1640?. 
 
 Duperr6, Victor Guy, Baron. French Admiral 1775 • • 
 
 Duperron, Anquetif. French Orientalist 1731 • • 
 
 Duperron, James Davy. Cardinal Archbishop of Sens. 
 
 Life by Burigny 1556, . 1618 
 
 842 
 566 
 683 
 658 
 684 
 769 
 823 
 755 
 
 804 
 
 735 
 640 
 863 
 845 
 760 
 
 864 
 786 
 769 
 820 
 811 
 862 
 861 
 
 795 
 689 
 
 860 
 775 
 839 
 742 
 720 
 792 
 783 
 *752 
 468 
 308 
 458 
 
 816 
 659 
 
 775 
 733 
 736 
 800 
 788 
 825 
 730 
 846 
 805 
 
140 
 
 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. 
 
 Dupetit Thouars, Louis Mary Albert. French Botanist 1758. , 
 
 Dupin, Louis EUies. Ecclesiastical Historian 1657. 
 
 Dupino, Chas. Francis. Fr. Philos. {La Relig. Universelle) 1742. 
 
 Dupleix, Joseph Francis, Marquis. Fr. Governor in India 1700?, 
 
 Dupleix, Scipio. French Historian 1569. 
 
 Duplessis-Momay, Philip de. Statesman and Writer 1549. , 
 
 Duponceau, Peter Steph. Fr. Writer. {Primitive World) 1^60. 
 
 Dupont, James Charles de I'Eure. French Statesman. . . 1767. 
 
 Dupont de I'l^tang, Peter, Count. French General 1765. 
 
 Dupont de Nemours, Peter Samuel. Polit. Economist 1739. 
 
 Duport, Francis Mathurin. French Revolutionist 1748'' 
 
 Duport, James, D. d. Greek Scholar and Commentator 1606. 
 
 Duppa, Brian. Bishop of Salisbury' and Winchester 1589. 
 
 Duppa, Richard. Biographer and Writer 1755? 
 
 Duprat, Anthony. Cardinal. French Statesman 1463.. 
 
 Dupr6 d'Aulnay, Louis. French Physiologist 1670? 
 
 Dupr6 de St. Maiir, Nicholas Francis. French Writer, . 1696. 
 
 Dupuis, Charles. French Engraver 1685 . 
 
 Dupuis, Charles Francis. Writer and Philosopher 1742. 
 
 Dupuis, Nicholas Gabriel, brother. Engraver 1695 . 
 
 Dupuis, Dr. Thomas Saunders. Eng. Musical Composer 1733. 
 
 Dupuy, Peter. Fr. Antiquarian and Hist. L. by Rigault 1582. 
 
 Dupuytren, William le, Baron. French Anatomist i777- 
 
 Duquesne, Abraham, Marquis. Fr. Naval Commander 1610. 
 
 Duquesnoy, Francis. Flemish Sculptor 1594. 
 
 Durand, David. Fr. Protestant. Preacher and Historian 1679? 
 
 Durand, Jcuhn Nicholas Louis. French Architect 1760. 
 
 Durand, Wm. Fr. Lawver and Prelate. ( Speculum Juris ) 1 230 ? 
 
 Durand de Maillane, Peter Toussaint. French Lawyer 1729. . 
 
 Durand de St. Pour9ain, William. Bishop. Most Reso- 
 lute Doctor — . 
 
 Durant, Giles. French Humorous Poet 155°'' 
 
 Durante, Francis. Sacred Music Composer ^^93' 
 
 Duranti, Durante. Italian Poet and Orator 1718. 
 
 Duranti, John Stephen. {De ritibus Ecclesice) I534- ■ 
 
 Durao, or Duram, Joseph de Santa Rita. Brazilian Poet 1737. 
 
 Duras, Clara, Duchess de. Writer and Philanthropist. . . 1779. 
 
 Durbach, Ann Louisa. German Poetess 1722. 
 
 Dureau de la Malle, Adolphus Julius Caesar Augustus. 
 
 French Author I777- 
 
 Durell, David. Biblical Critic 1728? 
 
 Durell, John. Dean of Windsor. ApologistforCh. ofEng. 1626. 
 
 Diirer, Albert. Engraver and Painter 147 1 • 
 
 Duret, Louis. French Medical Writer 1527.. 
 
 Durfee, Job. American Writer and Jurist 1790- 
 
 D'Urfey, Thomas. Dramatic Author 1628?, 
 
 Durham, Simeon of. Historian — . . 
 
 Durham, James. Scottish Divine 1622?. . 
 
 Durham, John Geo. Lambton, 1st Earl of. Gov. of Canada 1792. , 
 
 Durham, Sir Philip Charles Calderwood. Admiral. Life 
 
 by Captain A. Murray, 1846 1763. . 
 
 Duringer, Melchior. Ecclesiastical Historian at Berne. . . 1647?, 
 
 Duroc, Gerard Christopher Michael, Duke of Friuli. Mar- 
 shal of France ^77^' • 
 
 DIED. 
 
 831 
 719 
 809 
 
 763 
 661 
 623 
 844 
 
 838 
 817 
 794 
 679 
 662 
 831, 
 535- 
 758 
 
 774 
 742 
 809 
 771 
 796 
 651 
 
 688 
 646 
 763 
 834 
 296 
 814 
 
 1813 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 141 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Dury, or Duraeus, John. Scottish Divine — aft. 1674 
 
 Dusaxt, Cornelius. Dutch Painter 1665 . .1704 
 
 Dusatoy, James. Poet 1796?. 1815 
 
 Du Sommerard, Alexander. French Archaeologist i779- • 1842 
 
 Dussaxilt, John Joseph. Fr.Writ. {Annates Litteraires) lySg. .1S24. 
 
 Dussaulx, John. French Politician and Writer 1 728 . . 1 799 
 
 I>ussek, John Louis. Musical Composer 1 762 . . 1 8 1 2 
 
 Dutens, Joseph Michael. French Engineer 1765 . . 1848 
 
 Dutens, Louis. French Miscellaneous Writer 1730- .1812 
 
 Dutertre, John Baptist. {Histoire des Antilles) 1610. . 1687 
 
 Dutrochet, Ren^ Joachim Henry. French Naturalist. . . 1776. .1847 
 
 Duval, Alexander Vincent Pineu. French Writer 1767.. 1842 
 
 Duval, Aniaury Pineu. French Writer 1760 . . 1838 
 
 Duval, Claude. Highwayman. Life by Dr. Walter Pope — . . 1670 
 
 Duval, Nicholas. Dutch Painter 1644 . . 1 732 
 
 Duval, Peter. French Geographer and Chronologist 1618. . 1683 
 
 Duval, Valentine Jamarai. Scholar 1695 ..1775 
 
 Duvaucel, Alfred. French Naturalist 1581 . . 1643 
 
 Duvenede, Mark van. Dutch Historical Painter 1674. . 1729 
 
 Du Verdier, Anthony. Biographer and Bibliographer. . 1544.. 1600 
 Duvergier de Ha\iraiine, John. Abbot of St. Oyran. 
 
 Theologian 1581 . . 1643 
 
 Duvemey, Joseph Guichard. French Anatomist 1648. .1730 
 
 Duvernoy, George Louis. Fr. Anatomist and Zoologist 1777. .1855 
 Duvoisin, John Baptist. Bishop of Nantes. Theologian 1744. .1813 
 Duyckinck, George Long. American Author. ( Cyclopae- 
 dia of American Literature) 1822 . . 1863 
 
 Dwarris, Sir Foilunatus William Lilley. Antiquarian 
 
 and Legal Writer 1787?. i860 
 
 Dwight, Theo. American Author and Journalist 1765 . . 1846 
 
 Dwight, Timothv. American Divine 1752 
 
 Dwnn, Lewis. Welsh Herald fl. 
 
 Dyce, William, r. a. Painter, Composer, and Writer. . . 1806 
 Dyche, Thomas. Schoolmaster and Schoolbook Writer. . — 
 
 Dyer, Sir Edward. Poet 1540 
 
 Dyer, George. Classical Scholar and Writer 1755 
 
 Dyer, Sir James, Chief Justice. (Reports.) L. by Vaillant 1512 
 Dyer, Rev. John. Poet. {The Fleece ; Ruins of Rome) .. lyoo 
 
 "DjeTf Samuel. Writer 1725 
 
 Dyer, William. Ejected Nonconformist Divine — 
 
 Dyznond, Jonathan. Quaker. {Principles of Morality) 1796 
 
 1817 
 614 
 .1864 
 .1750 
 .1610 
 .184X 
 .1582 
 .1758 
 .1772 
 .1696 
 .182S 
 
142 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 E. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Eaohard, John, d. d. Divine. Life bv Thomas Davies 1636. . 1697 
 
 Eadmer, or Edmer. Historian and Biographer.*. — ..11 24? 
 
 Eadsigo. Archbishop of Canterbury (1038-50) — . . 1050 
 
 Eardley, Sir Culling E. English Publicist 1805 . . 1863 
 
 Earle, John. Bp. of Wore. &Salisb. {Microcosmography) 1601. .1665 
 
 Earle, Pliny. American Inventor 1762 . . 1832 
 
 Earle, Thomas, brother. Writer on Law 1791 • • 1849 
 
 Earlom, Richard. Mezzotint Engraver. {LiberVeiitatis) ly^o. .1^22 
 
 Eastbum, James Wallis. American Author I797- • 1819 
 
 Eaton, John. Antinomian Divine 1575 . . 1641 
 
 Eaton, William. American Soldier 1764. .1811 
 
 Ebedjesu. Bar Bricha. Nestorian Writer of Syria — . . 1318 
 
 Ebel, John Godfrey. Ger. Writ, on Statistics & Geology 1764. .1830 
 
 Ebeling, Christopher Daniel. Geographer 1741 . . 1817 
 
 Ebelmen, James Joseph. French Chemist 1814. . 1852 
 
 Eberhard, Augustus Theophilus. German Author 1769 .. 1845 
 
 Eberhard, Conrad. German Artist 1768. . 1859 
 
 Eberhard, John Augustus. German Divine I739- • 1809 
 
 Eberhard im Bart. First Duke of Wiirtemberg 1445 . . 1496 
 
 Ebert, Theod. Ger. Hebraist. {Eulogia Jurisconsuhorum) — ..1630 
 
 Eberus, Paul. Reformer 1511 . . 1589 
 
 Ebroin. Mayor of the Palace of Neustria — . . 681 
 
 Eccard, or Eckhart, John George. Ger. Hist, and Antiq. 1674. .1730 
 Ecchellensis, or Echellensis, Abr. Maronite Orientalist . —..1664 
 
 Eccles, John. Violinist — • • '^735 
 
 Echard, Father James. Biographer of Dominican Order 1644. .1724 
 Echard, Lawrence. Archdeacon. {History of England) 1671?. 1730 
 
 Echinus, or Erizzo, Sebastian. Venetian Medalist 1525 . . 1585 
 
 Eck, or Eckius, John, of Ingoldstadt. Opponent of Luther i486 . . 1 543 
 Eckermann, John Peter. German Scholar and Author 1792. .1854 
 Eckhard, John Frederick. Philologist and Bibliographer 1723. .1794 
 Eckhard, or Eccard, John George. Ger. Hist, and Antiq. 1674. . 1730 
 Eckhel, Joseph Hilary. Jesuit, Antiquary and Medalist 1737. .1798 
 Ecluse, Charles de 1'. Clusius. Dutch Phys. & Botanist 1526. . 1609 
 
 Edelinck, Gerard. Dutch Engraver in France 1649. .1707 
 
 Edema, Gerard. Dutch Landscape Painter 1654?. 1700? 
 
 Eden, Sir Fred. Morton. Statist. Writ. {Laboring Classes) 1766?. 1809 
 
 Eden, Sir Morton, First Lord Henley. Ambassador — . . 1802 
 
 Eder, George. German Lawyer. (CEconomia Bibliorum) 1524.. 1586 
 
 Edgar. King of England (959-75) 943''- 975 
 
 Edgar. King of Scotland — . . 1 107 
 
 Edgar, John George. Biographer, Novelist, &c 1834-'. 1864 
 
 Edgar Atheling. Heir of the Anglo-Saxon Line — . .1120? 
 
 Edgeworth, Miss Maria. Novelist 1767 . . 1849 
 
 Edgeworth, Richard Lovell. Agriculturist and Writer. . 1744.. 181 7 
 Edgeworth de Firmont, Henry Allen. Confessor to 
 
 Louis XVI 1745 . . 1807 
 
 Edmer, or Eadmer. Historian and Biographer — . .1124? 
 
 Edmondes, Clement. Scholar 1566. .1622 
 
 Edznoudes, Sir Thomas. Statesman 1563' . 1639 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 143 
 
 BOBIT. DIED. 
 
 Edmondson, Joseph. Heraldic Writer — . ,1786 
 
 Edmund, St. King of East Anglia (854-70) and Martyr 841 . . 870 
 Edmund I. The Elder. King of England (940-46 ) ... 923 .. 946 or 8 
 
 Edmund II. Ironside. (1016-17) 989. . 1017 
 
 Edmund D'Abingdon, St. Archbishop of Canterbury 
 
 (1234r-40). Life by Robert Bacon — ..1240 
 
 Edred. King of England (946-55) — .. 955? 
 
 Edrisi. Arabian Geographer ' 1099. .1164? 
 
 Edward I. King of England 1239.. 1307 
 
 Edward II. Life by Thomas de la More ; Edward Fan- 
 
 nant, 1680; Henry Viscount Faulkland, 1680 1284. .1327 
 
 Edward III. Life by Thomas May, 1635; Barnes, 1688 1312. .1377 
 
 Edward IV. Life by J. Habington 1441 . . 1483 
 
 Edward V. Life by Sir Thomas More 1470- • 1483 
 
 Edward VI. Life by Sir J. Hayward, 1630 1537. .1553 
 
 Edward. Pr. of Wales; son of Henry VI. ; si. at Tewkesb. 1543. .1572 
 Edward the Black Prince. Life by Arthur Collins, 
 
 1740; G. P. R.James; A. P. Stanley, in Memor. Cant. 1330. .1376 
 Edward the Confessor. King of England (1042-66). Life 
 
 by Ailred; Lives, edited by Luard 1004?. 1066 
 
 Edward the Elder. King of the West Saxons (901-24) 870?. 924 
 
 Edward the Martyr. King of England (975-8) 961?. 978 
 
 Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick, nephew of 
 
 Edward IV. Beheaded 1445 . . 1499 
 
 Edwards, Bela Bates, d. d. American Author 1802. . 1852 
 
 Edwards, Bryan. Historian of West Indies. Life by self 1743. • i^oo 
 Edwards, Edward. Artist and Writer. (Perspective) .. 1738. .1806 
 
 Edwards, George. Naturalist. {History of Birds) 1693 . .1773 
 
 Edwards, John, d. d. Divine 1637. .1716 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan, d. d. Anti-Socinian Writer 1629. . 1712 
 
 Edwards, Jonathan. President of New Jersey College. 
 
 Calviuistic Divine. {Freedom of Will. ) L. by Hopkins 1703 . .1758 
 Edwards, Jona., d. d., son. Metaphysician and Theologian 1745 • • 1^°^ 
 Edwards, Justin, d. d. American Divine and Temperance 
 
 Retormer 1787. . 1853 
 
 Edwards, Richard. Poet 1523. .1566? 
 
 Edwards, Thomas. Presbyterian Writer. {Gangrcena). 1599?. 1647 
 Edwards, Thomas. Poetical Writer. ( Canons of Criticism) 1699. .1757 
 Edwards, Thomas, d. d. Divine. {Selecta theocriti). . . 1729. .1785 
 
 Edwards, William. Bridge Engineer 1719- -1789 
 
 Edwin. KingofNorthumbria (617-33). Bretwalda 585'. 633 
 
 Edwin, John. Comic Actor 1750- -1790 
 
 Edwy. Kingof England (955-59) 939?. 959 
 
 Eeckhout, Anthony van den. Flemish Painter 1656. . 1695 
 
 Eeckhout, Gerbrandt van den. Dutch Painter 162 1 . . 1674 
 
 Effen, Justus van. Dutch Writer 1684. .1735 
 
 Egbert. King of England (802-839) — . . 839? 
 
 Egede, Hans, or John. Danish Missionary to Greenland 1686. .1758 
 Egede, Paul, son. Miss, to Greenland, & Lexicographer. 1708. .1789 
 
 Egerton, Daniel. Actor 1772. . 1835 
 
 Egerton, Francis, Duke of Bridgew. Promoter of Canals 1729. . 1803 
 Egerton, Rev. Francis Henry. Earl of Bridgewater. Pro- 
 moter of Essays 1 758 . . 1829 
 
 Egerton, FrancisLeveson, E. of Ellesmere. See Ellesmere 1800 . . 1857 
 
144 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Egerton, John. Bishop of Durham 1721 . .1787 
 
 Egerton, Thomas. First Lord Ellesmere, Viscount Brack- 
 ley. Lord Chancellor 1540''. 1617 
 
 Egg, Augustus Leopold. Painter 1817?. 1863 
 
 Eggeling, John Henry, of Bremen. Medalist & Antiquary 1639. .1713 
 
 Egioliaxd. Biographer of Charlemagne 771 ? . 840? 
 
 EgiiLton, Francis. Painter on Glass 1737 . • 1805 
 
 Eglantine. See Fabre. Fr. Writer and Revolutionist . . 1755. .1794 
 
 Egmont, Justus van. Historical Painter 1602. . 1674 
 
 Egmont, Lamoral, Ct. of. Flemish Statesman. Behead. 1522. .1568 
 Egnazio, J. Bapt. Cipelli. Venetian Orator and Scholar. . 1473. .1553 
 Egremont, George O'Brien Wynaham, Third Earl of . . . 1751 . . 1837 
 
 Ehret, George Dionysius. Botanical Painter 1710..1770 
 
 Eichendorff, Jos. Chas. Benedict, Baron. Ger. Author.. 1788. .1857 
 
 EicMiom, Charles Frederick. Jurisconsult 1781 . . 1854 
 
 Eichhorn, John Godfrey. Biblical Critic 1752. . 1827 
 
 Eichman, John. Dryander. Physician and Astronomer — ..1560 
 
 Eicliner, Ernest. German Musical Composer 1740- -1778 
 
 Eisen, Charles. Artist at Brussels 1721 . .1778 
 
 Eisengrein, Martin, d. d. German Controversial Divine — • .1578 
 Eisenschmidt, John Caspar. German Mathematician. . 1656. .1712 
 
 Ekins, Jeffrey, d. d. Divine and Scholar — • • 1791 
 
 Elagabalus. Rom. Emp. (218-222). L. by ^. Lampridius 205?. 222 
 
 Elb6e, Gigot d'. Royalist Leader of La Vendue 1752. .1794 
 
 Elbene, Alphonsus d'. Bishop. { De Begno Burgundux) i^^o^.i6oS 
 
 Elbert, Samuel. American Revolutionary Officer 1743. •1788 
 
 Elboeuf, Charles de Lorraine, Marquis d'. Politician. . . . 1596. .1657 
 Elboeuf, Eman. Maurice, Due d'. Discov. of Herculaneum 1677 . .1763 
 
 ElbcBuf, Ren^ de Lorraine, Marquis d'. Politician — . .1566 
 
 Elburcht, John van. Painter at Antwerp 1500. . — 
 
 Eldon, John Scott, Earl of. Lord Chancellor. Life by 
 
 H. Twiss; W. E. Surtees, 1846 '. 1751. .1838 
 
 Eleanor of Aquit. Q. of Henry II. L. by Isaac de Larrey 1 1 22 . . 1204? 
 
 Eleanor of Castile. Queen of Edward I — . .1290 
 
 Eleanor of Este. Italian Princess beloved by Tasso ^537- • 1581 
 
 Eleanor of Provence. Queen of Hei^ry III — . .1291 
 
 Eleanor of Toledo 1526. . — 
 
 Eleanora Tellez. Portuguese Beauty; Q. of Ferd. I. . . 1330. .1405 
 
 Eleutherius. Bishop of Rome (177-192) — . . 192 
 
 Elfric. Archbishop of Canterbury (995-1006) — . . 1006 
 
 Elgin and Kincardine, James Bruce, Eighth Earl of. 
 
 Governor-General of India 181 1 . . 1863 
 
 Elgin and Kincardine, Thos. Bruce, 7th E. of. (Marbles) 1766. .1841 
 
 Elias, Matthew. Portrait and Historical Painter 1658. .1741 
 
 Elias Ijevita. Jewish Rabbi 1472. .1549 
 
 Elich, Louis Philip. Ger. Writer. (De Magid DiaboUcd) fl. 1607 
 Elichman, John. Physician and Orientalist at Leyden. . — . . 1639 
 
 ]ijlie de Beaumont, Ann Louisa. Writer 1729. .1783 
 
 ^Hie de Beaumont, J, Baptist James. French Writer , 1732. .1786 
 Eliot, Sir John. Statesman. Lifeby John Forster, 1864. 1590. ,1632 
 Eliot, John. Apostle of the Indians. Missionary. Life by 
 
 Cotton Mather 1604. . 1689 
 
 Eliot, John, D. D. Amer. Writer. (New Eng. Biog. Diet.) 1754. . 1813 
 Eliot, or Elyot, Sir Thomas. Writer. ( The Governor).. 1495?. 1546 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 145 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Eliott, Geo. Aug., 1st Ld. Heathfield. Defender of Gibraltar 1718? . 1790 
 
 Eliott, Sir John. Physician in London — • .1787 
 
 Eliott, Rev. Richard. Controversial Divine — . .1789 
 
 Elisha. Hebrew Prophet; successor of Elijah ab.840 b.c. 
 
 Elizabeth, or Isabella, of Austria. Queen of Charles IX. 
 
 of France 1454. .1592 
 
 Elizabeth. Queen of England. L. by Leti ; Dr. T. Birch, 
 
 1754; Camden; Thomas Hey wood; Madame Robert . . 1533. .1603 
 
 Elizabeth, Madame, sister of Louis XVI 1764. .1794 
 
 Elizabeth Farnese. Qufeen of Spain 1692. .1766 
 
 Elizabeth-Christina. Queen of Frederick the Great of 
 
 Prussia. Life by Von Hahnke, 1848 1715. .1797 
 
 Elizabeth-Petrovna. Empress of Russia 1709. .1761 
 
 Elizabeth, St., of Hungary. Life by Simon; Count 
 
 Montalembert .' 1207. . 1231 
 
 Elizabeth Stuart. Queen of Bohemia. Life by Miss 
 
 Benger, 3825 1596. .1662 
 
 Elizabeth AWoodviUe. Q. of England. Wife of Ed w. IV. — ..1488 
 Elizabeth of York. Q. of England. Wife of Henry VII. 1466 . . 1502 
 Ellenborough, Edward Law, First Lord. Lord Chief 
 
 Justice. Life by Lord Campbell 1748 . . 1818 
 
 EUer de Brookhu'sen, John Theodore. Medical Writer 1689. .1760 
 
 Ellery, William. American Statesman 1727. .1820 
 
 Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, Earl of. {Medit. Sketches) 1800.. 1857 
 EUesmere, Thomas Egerton, Baron. Lord Chancellor. . . 1540?. 1617 
 
 Ellet, William Henry. American Chemist 1804''. 1859 
 
 EUicott, Andrew. Amer. Astron. and Civil Engineer. . . 1754. . 1820 
 iElliger, Ottomar. Painter of Fruits and Flowers. . . . 1632 or 3. . 1688 
 
 -EUiger, Ottomar, son. Historical Painter 1666. .1732 
 
 EUiott, Ebenezer. Com Law Rhymer. L. by Searle, 1852 1 781 . . 1849 
 
 Elliott, Jesse Duncan. American Naval Officer 1782. . 1845 
 
 ^^!Elliott, Stephen. American Naturalist 1771 . . 1830 
 
 .Elliott, William. Engraver 1717- .1766 
 
 •Ellis, Clement. Divine. Life by Veneer 1630 , . 1 700 
 
 'Ellis, George. (Specimens 0/* Early English Poets) 1745 • • 1815 
 
 Ellis, G. J. W. Agar, Lord Dover. Historical Writer 1797- -^^33 
 
 Ellis, Henry. Voyager and Governor of Georgia 1721 . . 1806 
 
 EUis, John. Writer on Zoophytes 1710?. 1776 
 
 EUis, John. Poet 1698. .1791 
 
 Elliston, Robert William. Comedian 1774. . 1831 
 
 Ellsworth, Oliver, ll. d. American Jurist 1745 • • ^8°7 
 
 EUwood, Thomas. Quaker Writer. Life by self 1639. .1713 
 
 Ellys, Anthony. Bishop of St. David's. Theologian 1693. .1761 
 
 Ellys, Sir Richard, Bart. Writer — . .1742 
 
 Elmacinus, George. Saracen Historian 1223. . 1273 
 
 Elmenhorst, Geverhard, of Hamburg. Critic. {Cebes). — ..1621 
 
 Elmenhorst, Henry. Writer on Public Spectacles 1632. .1704 
 
 Elmer, John. Bishop of London. See Aylmer 1521. .1594 
 
 Elmes, Harvey Lonsdale. Architect 1814'. 1847 
 
 Elmore, Franklin Harper. American Financier i799- • 1850 
 
 Elmsley, Peter, d. d. Critic i773 • • 1825 
 
 Elphege. Archbishop of Canterbury 954' . 1012 
 
 Elphinston, Arthur, Lord Balmerino- Beheaded 1688. . 1746 
 
 Elphinston, James. Misc. Writer. {English Orthography) 1 721.. 1809 
 10 
 
146 
 
 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 ELphinston, William. Bishop of Aberdeen. Statesman. 
 
 Founder of King's College, Aberdeen i43i'- 
 
 Elphinstone, Geo. Keith,Visc. Keith. Naval Commander 1746. . 
 
 Elpliinstone, Hon. Mountstuart. {History of India) 1778. . 
 
 Elrington, Thomas. Bp. of Ferns. Divine & Classical Ed. — .. 
 
 Elsheimer, Adam. Painter i574- • 
 
 Eisner, James. Prussian Divine 1692 . . 
 
 Elstob, Elizabeth. Saxonist 1683. . 
 
 Elstob, William, brother. Divine, Antiquary, & Saxonist 1673. • 
 
 Elsynge, Henry. Historical Writer 1598. . 
 
 Elton, Sir Charles Abraham. Poet and Historical Writer 1778. . 
 Elvius, Peter. Swedish Mechanician and Astronomer. . . 1710. . 
 
 Elwall, Edward. Politician and Polemical Writer — . . 
 
 Elwes, John, M. p. Miser. Life by Maj. F. Topham, 1805 I7I4^ 
 
 Elyot, Sir Thomas. See Eliot 1495 ? . 
 
 Elys, Rev. Edmund. Eliseus. Nonjuror, Divine, and Poet — aft. 
 
 Elzevirs, Family of. Printers fl.1595- 
 
 Emanuel. King of Portugal (1495-1521) 1469. . 
 
 Embury, Emma Catharine. American Authoress 1806. . 
 
 Emerson, Wm. Mathematician. Life by W. Bowe, 1793 1701 . . 
 
 Emery* John. Actor 1777. . 
 
 Emilio, Paul. Paulus ^milius. Italian Historian — . . 
 
 Emlyn, Thomas. Unitarian Divine. Life by his son, ,. 1663. . 
 
 Emma of Wormandy. Queen of Ethelred — . . 
 
 Emmett, Robert. United Irishman. Executed 1780.. 
 
 Emmett, Thomas Addis, brother. United Irishman and 
 
 American Barrister 1763 . . 
 
 Emmius, Ubbo. Philologist and Hist. (Vetus Grcecia). 1^47. . 
 Emmons, Ebenezer. American Geologist and Author. . . 1798.. 
 Emmons, Nathaniel. American Theologian and Writer 1745. . 
 Emory, John, d.d. Bp. of the Meth. Epis. Church; Writer 1789. . 
 
 Emory, Robert, son. Clergyman and Writer 1814. . 
 
 Empecinado, John Martin Diaz, el. Span. Revolutionist 1775 • • 
 
 Empedocles. Sicilian Philosopher fl'444 
 
 Empereur, Constantine 1'. Anti-Jewish Theologian 1570^ 
 
 Empoli, Jacopo Chimenti da. Florentine Painter I554- • 
 
 Empson, Sir Richard. Favorite of Henry VII — . . 
 
 Empson, Wm. Professor. Editor of Edinburgh Review 1790'. 
 
 Emser, Hieronymus. Opponent of Luther 1472. . 
 
 :6nambuc, Peter Vandrosque Diel d'. French Navigator — . . 
 
 Encke, John Francis. German Astronomer 1791 • • 
 
 Enclos, Ninon 1'. French Beautj" 1616. . 
 
 Encontre, Daniel, of Montauban. Theologian and Math. 1762. . 
 Endicott, John. Colonial Governor of Massachusetts. . . 1589. . 
 
 Endlicher, Steph. Ladislaus. Botanist and Linguist 1804. . 
 
 Enfantin, Barthelemy Prosper. P'ere Enfantin. French 
 
 Social Theorist. 1796. . 
 
 Enfield, William. Dissenting Divine. (SpeaJcer) 1741 • • 
 
 Engel, John James. German Philosophical Writer 1741 • • 
 
 Engelbreeht, John. Fanatic » . 1599. ■ 
 
 Engelbrechtsen, Cornelius. Dutch Painter 1468 . . 
 
 Enghelrams, Cornelius. Painter in Water Colors 1527. . 
 
 Enghien, Louis Anthony Henry de Bourbon, Duke of. 
 
 Executed by Bonaparte 1772. . 1804 
 
 823 
 859 
 
 835 
 620 
 750 
 756 
 
 714 
 654 
 
 853 
 749, 
 745^ 
 789 
 546 
 
 693 
 680 
 
 863 
 782 
 822 
 529 
 743 
 052 
 
 803 
 
 827 
 626 
 863 
 840 
 
 835 
 848 
 
 B.C.? 
 
 648 
 640 
 
 527 
 636 
 865 
 706 
 818 
 665 
 849 
 
 864 
 
 797 
 802 
 642 
 533 
 583 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 147 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 England, John, D. D. Roman Catholic Bishop ; Writer. 1786.. 1^42 
 
 Englefleld, Sir Henry Charles. (/sZe of Wight) 1752. . 1822 
 
 Englisli, George Bethune. American Adventurer 1789- .1828 
 
 English, Hester. Caligraphist — aft.1617 
 
 Enjedius, or Enyedin, George. Socinian Writer 15^0"'. 1597 
 
 Ennemoser, Joseph. German Physiologist. 1787 1854 
 
 Ennius, Quintus. Roman Poet 239 b.c. . 169 
 
 Ennodius, Magnus Felix. Bishop of Pavia. Writer.. 473''. 521 
 Enriquez, Gomez Anthony (properly Enriquez de Paz). 
 
 Spanish Poet "". fl. 17th c. 
 
 Ent, Sir George. Medical Writer 1604. . 1689 
 
 Entick, or Entinck, Rev. John. {History of London) .... 1713. .1773 
 Entinopus. Architect of Can dia. Founder of Venice . . — .. 420? 
 Entrecasteaux, Joseph Anthony Bruni d'. French Ad- • 
 
 miral and Explorer 1739. .1793 
 
 Enzinas, Francis. Dryander. Sp. Transl. of New Test. 1520''. 1570? 
 
 Enzinas, John, brother. Protestant Martyr at Rome — • -1545 
 
 Enzio. Natural Son of Fredericlc II. of Germany 1224 or 5 . 1272 
 
 Eobanus, Helius. German Latin Poet 1488. .1540 
 
 lEon de Beaumont, Chas. Genevieve Louis Augustus 
 
 Andrew Timothy d'. Chevalier d\tLon. French Soldier 1728. .1810 
 Epaminondas. Theban General. Life by Meissner, 1801 — B.c.362 
 
 Ep6e, Charles Michael de 1'. Abb^. Philanthropist 1712. .1789 
 
 Ephraem Syrus, St. Christian Writer — . . ^ly^"^ 
 
 E{)icliarnius. Greek Dramatic Poet 540 b.c.?. 443 
 
 Epictetus. Greek Philosopher — aft. 1 18 
 
 Epiciirus. Greek Philosopher 342 B.c.270 
 
 Epimenides. Cretan Poet and Hero fl. b.c. 596 
 
 l^pinay, Louisa Florence P^tronille de la Live d'. Friend of 
 
 Rousseau 1725?. 1783 
 
 Epiphanius. Bishop of Constantia (367-403). ( Contra 
 
 Manichceos) 310^ • 403 
 
 Epiphanius. The Scholastic. Italian Scholar and Transl. fl. 510? 
 Episcopius, Simon. Arminian Divine. Life by Limborch 1583. .1643 
 ;]&rard, Sebastian. Fr. Manufacturer of Musical lustrum. 1752. .1831 
 
 Erasistratus. Physician and Anatomist fl.3oo-26oB.c. 
 
 Erasnaus, Desiderius. Scholar. L. bv P. Merula ; Jortin ; 
 
 Dr. Sam. Knight, 1724; Burigni ; "Charles Butler, 1825 1467. .1536 
 Erastus, Thomas. Physician and Polemical Divine. 
 
 Founder of Erastianism 1524. .1583 
 
 Eratosthenes. Geographer, Astronomer, &c. 274B.C.''. 194 
 
 Ereeldoune, Thomas of. Thomas the Mymer fl. 1280' 
 
 Ercilla y Zuniga, Alonzo de. Span. Poet. (Araucana) 1533. .1595^ 
 
 ErdI, Michael Pius. German Savant 1815 . . 1848 
 
 Eremita, Daniel. (De Aulicd Vita ac Civili) 1584. . 1613 
 
 Eric IX. King of Sweden (1155-60). The Pious or Saint — ..1160 
 Eric XIII. King of Sweden, Denmark (VII. ). ( History 
 
 of Denmark) 1382. .1459 
 
 Eric" XIV. King of Sweden (1560-69) i533--i577 
 
 Ericsson, John. Swedish Engineer in America 1803. . 1853 
 
 Erigena, John Scotus. Schoolman — . . 875 ? 
 
 Erinna. Greek Poetess fl. 352 b.c. 
 
 Erizzo, Sebastian. Venetian Medalist and Antiquary. . . 1525 . . 1585 
 Erkivins. Architect of Steinbach — . . 1305 
 
148 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Xirlach, John Louis. French Commander 1595 . . 1650 
 
 Erman, Paul. German Physicist 1764. . 1851 
 
 Ernest. Duke of Gotha 1601 . . 1674 
 
 Ernest. Elector of Saxony — . . i486 
 
 Ernest- Augustus, son of George III. Duke of Cumber- 
 land and King of Hanover i77i. .1851 
 
 Ernesti, Augustus William. Professor of Eloquence and 
 
 Classical Editor (Livy, Quintilian, ^'C.) T'-ySS- • 1801 
 
 Ernesti, John Augustus. Philologist, Theologian, and. 
 
 Classical Editor {Homer, Cicero, Tacitus, ^c.) 1707. .1781 
 
 Ernesti, John Christian Theoph. {Lexicon Tecknologice) 1756. .1802 
 
 Ernst, Henry William. Violinist 1814 . . 1865 
 
 Ernulpli, or Amulph. Bishopof Roch. {TexiusHoffensis) 1040'' .1124 
 
 Erostratus, or Herostratus. Ephesian Incendiary fl.4thc.B.c. 
 
 Erotianus. Author of a Glossary to Hippocrates fl. ti. Nero. 
 
 Erpen, Thomas va*!!. Erpenius. Dutch Orientalist 1584. . 1624 
 
 Errard, Charles. French Painter and Architect 1606. . 1689 
 
 Errington, Edward. Railway Engineer 1806 . . 1862 
 
 Ersch., John Samuel. German Cyclopaedist 1766. . 1828 
 
 Erskine, David, Lord Dun. Judge 1670. .1755 
 
 Erskine, Rev. Ebenezer, m. a. Scottish Seceder 1680. .1754 
 
 Erskine, Henry. Scottish Divine 1624. . 1696 
 
 Erskine, Henry. Lord Advocate. Orator and Wit 1746. .1817 
 
 Erskine, John, Baron of Dun. Scottish Reformer 1508?. 1591 
 
 Erskine, John. {Principles of the Law of Scotland) 1695 • '17^5 
 
 Erskine, John, d. d, Scottish Divine. Life by Rev. Sir 
 
 H. Moncrieff Wellwood, 1818 1721. .1803 
 
 Erskine, Ralph, A. m. Divine. ( Gospel Sonnets) 1685 . .1752 
 
 Erskine, Thomas, Lord. Lord Chancellor 1750. . 1823 
 
 Erwin, of Steinbach. Architect of Strasbourg Cathedral — . . 1318 
 Erxleben, John Christian Polycarp. German Naturalist 1744. •'^777 
 Eryceira, Ferd. de Menezes, Count. {Hist, of Portugal) 1614. .1699 
 Eryceira, Francis Xavier de Menezes, Count, great-grand- 
 son. Soldier and Author 1673 . . 1743 
 
 Eschenbach, Wolfram von. German Minnesinger — aft. 1227 
 
 Eschenmayer, Adolphus Chas. Aug. von. Ger. Philos. . 1768. .1852 
 
 Eschscholtx, John Frederick. German Naturalist i793- -1831 
 
 Escobar, Bartholomew. Jesuit Missionary and Author. . 1562. .1624 
 Escobar, Marine d'. Span. Foundress. Life by Dupont. iS54- -^^33 
 Escobar y Mendoza, Anthony. Sp. Jesuit and Casuist. 1589. . 1669 
 Escoiquiz, John de. Spanish Diplomatist and Author . . 1762. .1820 
 Esmenard, Joseph Alphonse. Fr. Poet and Polit. Writer 1770. . 181 1 
 
 Espagnac, John Baptist, Baron d'. Military Writer 17 13. -1783 
 
 Espagnandel, Matthew 1'. French Sculptor 1610. . 1689 
 
 Espagnet, John d', of Bordeaux. {Enchiridion Physicce) . fi. 1623 
 
 Espagnolet, Joseph Ribera 1'. Spanish Painter 1589. . 1656 
 
 Esparron, Chas. d' Arcussia Visct. d'. Writ, on Falconry 1547. .1617 
 
 Espen, Zeger Bernard van. Dutch Canonist ". 1646. .1728 
 
 Espence, Claude d'. Cardinal. Biblical Commentator. . 1511 . .1571 
 Esper, Eugene John Christopher. German Naturalist. . . 1742. . 1810 
 
 Esper, John Frederick. Naturalist and Astronomer 1732. .1781 
 
 Esperiente, Philip Callimachus. Italian Writer — . . 1496 
 
 Espinasse, Esprit Charles Mary. French General 1815. .1859 
 
 Espinasse, Julia Jane Eleanor de I'. Fr. Beauty and Wit 1732. .1776 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 149 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Espinel, Vincent de. Spanish Poet and Musician ^SS^ • • 1634 
 
 Espr6mesnil, James Duval d'. French Politician 1746. .1794 
 
 Esprit, James. French Academician ; Writer 1611 . . 1678 
 
 Espronceda, Joseph de. Spanish Poet 1808. . 1842 
 
 Espy, James P. American Meteorologist 1785 . . i860 
 
 Esquirol, John Stephen Dominic. French Physician and 
 
 Writer. (Maladies Mentaks) 1772. . 1840 
 
 Ess, Henry Leander van. Ger. Rom. Cath. Theologian. . 1772. . 1847 
 
 Esse, Andr^ de Montalembert d'. French General 1483. .1558 
 
 Essen, John Henry. Swedish General i755 - 1^24 
 
 Essex, James, f. s. a. Architect 1723. .1784 
 
 Essex, Robert Devereux, 2d Earl. Beheaded by Elizabeth 1567. . 1601 
 Essex, Robert Devereux, 3d Earl. Parliamentary General 1592. .1646 
 
 Essex, Thomas Cromwell, Earl of. Beheaded 1490?. 1540 
 
 Essex, Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of. 1540?. 1576 
 
 Esta90, Achilles. Latin Poet of Portugal. /See Statins 1524. ,1581 
 Estaing, Charles Hector, Count d'. French Commander 1729. .1794 
 Estampes, Anne de Pisseleu, Duchesse d'. Mistress of 
 
 Francis 1 1508. .1576? 
 
 Estcourt, Richard. Actor and Dramatic Writer 1668. .1713 
 
 Estienne. Printers. See Stephen. 
 
 Estius, William. Dutch Divine 1542- • 1613 
 
 Estoile, Claude de 1'. French Academician; Poet . . .1597?. 1651 or 2 
 Estoile, Peter de 1'. French Jurist and Historical Writer I54o^ 161T 
 Estrades, Godfrey, Count d'. Fr. General and Statesman 1607. . 1686 
 
 Estr6es, Caesar d'. Cardinal; Statesman 1628. .1714 
 
 Estr6es, Francis Annibal d'. Fr. Gen. and Hist. Writer 1573. .1670 
 
 Estr^es, Gabrielle d'. Mistress of Henry IV 1571?. 1599 
 
 Estr6es, Louis Caesar, Due d'. Marshal of France 1695. .1771 
 
 Estr6es, Victor Mary d'. Vice-Adm. and Marsh, of France 1660 . . 1 737 
 
 Ethelbald. King of Wessex (855-60) — . . 860? 
 
 Ethelbert. King of Kent (560'^-616) 545?. 616 
 
 Etiielbert. King of Wessex (860-66) — . . 866? 
 
 Ethelgar. Archbishop of Canterbury (988-89) — . . 989? 
 
 Ethelhard. Archbishop of Canterbury (793-805) — . . 805 
 
 Ethelnoth. Archbishop of Canterbury (1020-38) — . . 1038 
 
 Ethelred. Archbishop of Canterbury (870-889) — . . 889 
 
 Ethelred I. Saint. King of Wessex (866-71) — . . 871 
 
 Ethelred II. The Unready. King of England (978-1016) — ..1016 
 
 Ethelreda, St. St. Audrey fl. 7th c. 
 
 Ethelwold, St. Bp. of Winch (963-84). L. byWolstan 925?. 984 
 
 Ethelwolf. King of Wessex (836-58) — . . 858 
 
 Etherege, Sir George. Wit and Comic Writer 1636?. 1689 
 
 Ethieus, or ^thicus. Lat.Writ. of Istria. ( Cosmographia) fl. 4th c. 
 Etienne. Printers. See Stephen. 
 
 :6tienne, Charles William. French Writer 1778- • 1845 
 
 fltoUe, Peter de 1'. French Historical Writer 1540?. 1611 
 
 Ettmiiller, Ernest Michael. Medical Writer 1673. .1732 
 
 Ettmiiller, Michael, of Leipsic. Medical Writer 1644. . 1683 
 
 Etty, William, R. A. Painter. Life by A. Gilchrist, 1855. 1787. . 1849 
 
 EubuUdes of Miletus. Greek Philosopher 4th c. b.c. 
 
 Euclid of Alexandria. Mathematician. {Elements) ti.Ptolemy Soter 
 
 Euclid of Megara. Philosopher fl. 400 b.c. 
 
 Eudeemon, John Andrew. Jesuit Writer 1560? 1625 
 
150 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Eudes. King of France (888-898) — . . 899 
 
 Eudes, Jolin. French Devotional Writer 1601 . . 1680 
 
 Eudocia. Roman Empress, wife of Tlieodosius II. Writer. 
 
 {Hwnero- Centones) 394?. 460 or i 
 
 Eudocia. Empress (1059-71). Wife of Constantine XI., 
 
 &c. ( Violarium) — aft.107 
 
 Eudoxia. Empress. Wife of Arcadius, Persecutor of 
 
 Chrjsostom — . . 404 
 
 Eudoxus, of Cnidus. Greek Astronomer fl. B.C. 366 
 
 Eudoxus, of Cyzicus. Greek Navigator 2d c. b. c. 
 
 Eugene, Francis, of Savoy, Prince. Life by self; Prince 
 
 de Eigne, 1790 ; Ducasse, 1858-9 ; Ritter von Arneth ; 
 
 Maubillon 1663. .1736 
 
 Eugenius. Bishop of Carthage (481-505). — • • 505 
 
 Eugeniusl. Pope (654-57). Saint —..658 
 
 Eugenius II. (824-27) — . . 827 
 
 Eugenius III. , (1145-53). Bernard — . . 1153 
 
 Eugenius IV. (1431-47). Gabiiel Condolmerio — . . 1447 
 
 Eiiler, Leonard. Mathematician. {Elementsof Algebra) 1707. .lyS^ 
 
 Eunapius. Greek Sophist, Phys., and Biographer 347. . 420? 
 
 Eunomius. Founder of the Eunomians — . . 393 
 
 Eupolis. Greek Comic Poet 446b.c.''.4ii? 
 
 Exiripides. Greek Tragedian 480 B.c.406 
 
 Eusden, Rev. Lawrence. Poet-Laureate — . .173° 
 
 Eusebius. Pope (310) — -.310 
 
 Eusebius. Bishop of Nicomedia 324^ 342 
 
 Eusebius. FampJiili. Bp. of Csesarea. Eccles. Historian 265?. 338? 
 
 Eustachius, Bartholomew. Anatomical Discoverer — . .1574 
 
 Eustathius. Abp. of Thessalonica. Classical Comment. — ..1198? 
 Eustis, William. American Physician and Politician... 1753.. 1825 
 
 Eutocius, of Ascalon. Mathematician fl. 560 a.d. 
 
 Eutropius, Flavins. Roman Historian fl.4th c.a.d. 
 
 Eutyches. Heresiarch 37S. . 454? 
 
 Eutychius. Patriarch of Alexandria; Arabic Annalist. . 876.. 940 
 
 Evagrius Scholasticus. Ecclesiastical Historian 536'. 600? 
 
 Evangelista. Italian Capuchin ; Canonist 1 5 1 1 ? . 1 595 
 
 Evans, Abel, d. d. Epigrammatist, (m. a. 1699) — aft. 171 1 
 
 Evans, Arise. Welsh Conjuror and Impostor fl.i7th c. 
 
 Evans, Caleb, d. d., of Bristol. Baptist Minister i737- • i79i 
 
 Evans, Evan. Welsh Divine and Poet 1 730? . 1 790 
 
 Evans, John, d. d. Welsh Dissenting Divine 1680. .1730 
 
 Evans, John. Publisher. ( Christian Denominations) . . . 1742. • 1827 
 
 Evans, Lewis. American Geographer 1700?. 1756 
 
 Evans, Oliver. Amer. Mechanical Engineer and Inventor 1755. .1811 
 
 Evanson, Rev. Edward. Infidel Writer 1731 • • 1805 
 
 Evaristus. Bishop of Rome (100-109) — • . 109' 
 
 Evarts, Jeremiah. American Editor and Writer 1781 . . 1831 
 
 Evelyn, John. (Sylva.) Memoirs edited by Bray, 1818 1620. .1706 
 
 Evelyn, John, son. Scholar and Poetical Writer 1654. . 1698 
 
 Everard, Johannes Secundus. Dutch Statesman. (Basia) 1511 . .1536 
 
 Everdingen, Albert van. Dutch Painter 1621 . . 1675 
 
 Everdingen, Caesar van. Dutch Painter 1606. . 1679 
 
 Everett, Alexander Hill. Amer. Diplomatist & Scholar 1792. .1847 
 Everett, Edward. American Statesman and Orator .... 1794. . 1865 
 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 151 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Evremond, St. See St. Evremond. Soldier and "Writer 1613. .1703 
 
 Ewald, John. Danish Poet i743- .1781 
 
 Ewing, Greville. Scottish Divine and Lexicographer 1767. . 1841 
 
 Ewing, John. American Divine and Natural Philosopher 1732. .1802 
 
 Ewliya Effendi. Turkish Traveler 161 1 . . 1679? 
 
 Exelmans, Remi Joseph Isidore, Baron. Marshal 1775 . . 1852 
 
 Exmouth, Edw. Pellew,Visc. Admiral. L. by Osier, 1833 1757. .1833 
 
 Expilly, Claude d', of Grenoble. Lawyer and Writer 1561 . . 1636 
 
 Expilly, "John Joseph. Geographer and Traveler 1719..1 793 
 
 Eyck, Hubert van. Flemish Painter 1366. . 1426 
 
 Eyck, John van, brother. John of Bruges. Painter 1370. . 1441 
 
 Eyck, Margaret van, sister. Painter — . . 1430? 
 
 Eykens, Peter. The Old. Painter of Antwerp i599- • 1649 
 
 Eyre, Rev. Charles. Biblical Scholar, Poet, Journalist . . 1784?. 1864 
 
 Eyries, J. Baptist. Benedict. French Writer 1767 . . 1846 
 
 Ezekiel. Hebrew Prophet 6th & 7th c.b.c. 
 
 Ezra. Jewish Lawgiver 5th c. b. c. 
 
152 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 F. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Faber, Anthony. Jurist. See Favre i557-- 1624 
 
 Paber, Basil. German Protestant Divine. (TAesaMrz^). 1520, .1575 
 Paber, Dr. Fred. Wm., of the Brompton Oratory. Poet. . . 1815 . . 1863 
 
 Paber, Rev. George Stanley. Divine i773' -1854 
 
 Paber, John. Malleus Hereticorum. German Divine. . . . 1470?. 1 541 
 
 Paber, Nicholas, ^ee Fevre. French Philologist i544' • 1612 
 
 Paber, Tanaquil. See Fevre, Tannegui le. . . .,. 161 5 . . 1672 
 
 Paber Stapulensis. See Lef^vre, James, of Etaples 1455?. 1537 
 
 Pabert, Abraham. Marshal of France. Life by J. Barre 1599. .1662 
 
 Pabian, or Fabyan, Robert. Historian 1450'- 1512 
 
 Pabianus. Bishop of Rome (236-50) — . . 250 
 
 Pabius Maximus, Q. Dictator and six times Consul. . . aft.296 B.C. 
 Pabius Maximus, Q. Cunctaior. Opponent of Hannibal — B.C. 203 
 
 Pabius Pictor, Q. Roman Historian fl.225-216 b.c 
 
 Pabre, or Faber, Anthony. Jurist i557-- 1624 
 
 Pabre, John Claude. Ecclesiastical History Writer 1668. .1753 
 
 Pabre d'l^jglantine, Philip Francis Nazaire. French 
 
 Revolutionist and Author 1755 . .1794 
 
 Pabretti, Raphael. Antiquary 1619. .1700 
 
 Pabri, Honore. Jesuit Philosopher 1607?. 1688 
 
 Pabriano, Francis di Gentile da. Italian Painter 1370?. 1450 
 
 Pabricius, Caius. Consul. Opponent of Pyrrhus aft.275 B.C. 
 
 Pabricius, David. German Astronomer and Divine .... 1564. .1617 
 Pabricius, George. Latin Poet and Antiquary. {Rome) 1516. .1571 
 
 Pabricius, James. Physician and Mathematician i577- .1652 
 
 Pabricius, Jerome, of Aquapendente. Physician i537- • 1619 
 
 Pabricius, John (son of David). Astronomer — . . 1625 
 
 Pabricius, John Louis. Swiss Divine and Diplomatist. . . 1632.. 1697 
 Pabricius, John Albert. Scholar. (Bibliotheca Groeca.) 
 
 Life by H. S. Reimarus, 1737 1668. .1736 
 
 Pabricius, John Christian. Danish Entomologist i743- -1807 
 
 Pabricius, Vincent. German Latin Poet 1612. . 1667 
 
 Pabricius, William. Hildanus. German Surgeon 1560. . 1634 
 
 Pabris, Nicholas. Italian Mechanician i739- -i^oi 
 
 Pabroni, Angelo. Biographer. Life by Pozzett 1732. .1803 
 
 Pabroni, John Valentine Mathias. Italian Naturalist. . . 1752. .1822 
 
 Pabrot, Charles. Annibal. French Jurist 1581 . . 1659 
 
 Pabry, John Baptist Germain. French Writer 1780. .1821 
 
 Pabyan, or Fabian, Robert. Historian i45o''- 1512 
 
 Paccbetti, Peter. Painter of Mantua 1535 . . 1613 
 
 Pacciolato, or Facciolati, James. Grammarian 1682. . 1769 
 
 Pacini, Peter. Historical Painter of Bologna 1560. . 1602 
 
 Pacio, or Fazio, Bartholomew. Italian Scholar and Hist. 1400?. 1457 
 
 Paernus, Gabriel. Italian Critic and Latin Poet — . .1561 
 
 Pagan, Christopher Bartholomew. French Comic Author 1702. .1755 
 Page, Raymond de la. French Engraver and Designer. . 1656. .1690 
 
 Pagel, Gaspar. Dutch Statesman. 1629. . 16S8 
 
 Pagel, Francis Nicholas, nephew. Dutch General — . . 171S 
 
 Pagius, Paul. German Reformer 1504. .1550 
 
 Paguani, Prosper. Italian Canonist 1598. • 1678 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 153 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Fagnano, Julius Charles, Count of. Italian Mathematician 1682 .. 1 766 
 
 Fagon, Guy Crescent. Physician and Botanist 1638. . 1718 
 
 Fagundy, Stephen. Portuguese Jesuit; Casuist 1577?. 1645 
 
 FaMe, Sir William Charles. Admiral 1763. . 1833 
 
 Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel. Philosopher 1686. .1736 
 
 Faidit, Anselm. Troubadour — . . 1220? 
 
 Faille, Germain de la. Fr. Hist. {History of Toulouse) 1616. .1711 
 
 Fairfax, Edward. Poet. Translator of Tasso — . . 1632? 
 
 Fairfax, Robert. Musical Composer ti.Hen.vii. & viii. 
 
 Fairfax, Thos., Lord. Parliamentary General. L. by self 161 1 . . 1671 
 
 Fairfax, Thomas. Sixth Baron Fairfax of Cameron 1690^1782 
 
 Faistenberger, Anthony. Painter of Innspruck 1678. .1722 
 
 Faithorne, William. Painter and Engraver 1616?. 1691 
 
 Faleandus, Hugo. (.History of Sicily) fl. 1 190? 
 
 Falck, Anthony Renard. Dutch Statesman 1776. . 1843 
 
 Falconberg, Mary, Countess of. Daughter of Cromwell — .. 1712 
 
 Falcone, Ancillo. Italian Battle-Painter 1600 . . 1663 
 
 Falcone, da Benevento. Italian Chronicler fl. 1150? 
 
 Falconer, Sir Alex., cr. Lord Halkertoun. Scot. Judge. — ..1671 
 Falconer, Sir David. Ld. Pres. Scotland. {Decisions). . 1639. .1685 
 Falconer, Hugh, m. d. Botanist and Palaeontologist. . . . 1809. .1865 
 Falconer, Sir James. Lord Phesdo. Scottish Judge. ... — . . 1705 
 Falconer, Thos., of Bath. Edit, of Strabo. ( Voy.ofHanno) 1772. .1839 
 Falconer, Thomas. ( Voyage of Hanno ; Chronot Tables) 1736.. 1792 
 Falconer, William. Poet. (ShipiorecJc.) Life by Mitford 1730?. 1769 
 Falconer, Wm., m. d., of Bath. Med. & Chemical Writer 1743. • ^824 
 Falconet, Camille. French Physician & Book Collector 1671. .1762 
 
 Falconet, Stephen Maurice. French Sculptor 17 16. .1791 
 
 Falda, John Baptist. Italian Engraver 1640?. 1700? 
 
 Faleti, Jerome, of Savona. Poet and Statesman 15 18?. 1564 
 
 Falieri, Marino. Doge of Venice 1278. .1355 
 
 FaJk, John Daniel. German Philanthropist and Author . 1768. .1826 
 
 Falk, John Peter. Swedish Botanist 1727. .1774 
 
 Falkenstein, John Henry. German Antiquary 1682, .1760 
 
 Falkland, Henry Gary, 1st Visct. Ld. Dep.ofIrel.,& Writ. — ..1633 
 Falkland, Lucius Gary, Viscount, son; slain at Newbury i6io''.i643 
 
 Falkner, Thomas. Jesuit Missionary to Paraguay 1710. .1784 
 
 Falle, Rev. Philip, of Jersey. (History of Jersey) 1655. .1742 
 
 Fallopius, or Faloppio, Gabriel. Anatomical Discoverer 1523?. 1562 
 
 Fallows, Fearon. Astronomer — . . 1832 
 
 Fals, or Falz, Raymond. Medal Engraver 1658.. 1703 
 
 Falster, Christian. Danish Critic fl. 171 7-31 
 
 Fancourt, Samuel. Dissenting Minister and Writer. . . . 1678. .1768 
 Fane, Rob. Geo. Cecil. Commiss. of Bankruptcy. Leg. Wr. 1795'. 1864 
 
 FaneuU, Peter. American Merchant 1700. .1743 
 
 Fanning, David. American Freebooter 1756'' . 1825 
 
 Fanshawe, Ann, Lady. Life by Sir N. H. Nicolas, 1829 1625. .1679 
 
 Fanshawe, Sir Richard. Statesman and Poet 1608. . 1666 
 
 Fant, Eric Michael. Swedish Archaeologist and Historian 1 754 . . 181 7 
 Fardella, Mich. Angelo. Naturalist and Astron. at Padua 1650. .1718 
 Fare, Chas. Aug., Marquis de la. French Poet and Writer 1644. .1712 
 Farel, William. French Reformer. Life by D. Ancillon 1489. .1565 
 
 Faret, Nicholas. French Academician 1600'. 1646 
 
 Farey, John. Geologist 1766. . 1826 
 
154 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Farey, John. Civil Engineer 1791 . . 1851 
 
 Faria y Souza, Manuel de. Portuguese Historian & Poet 1590. .1649 
 
 Parinaccio, Prosper. Italian Law Writer 1554. .1618 
 
 Farinato, Paul, of Verona. Painter 1525 . . 1606 
 
 Farinelli. Carlo Broschi. Neapolitan Singer 1705 . .1782 
 
 Faringdon, Anthony. Divine. Life by T. Jackson, 1849 1596. . 1658 
 
 Farington, George. Historical Painter 17 54- .1788 
 
 Farington, Joseph, brother. Landscape Painter — . . 1818 
 
 Farmer, Hugh. Dissenting Divine. Life by Dodson. .. 1714. .1787 
 Farmer, John. American Genealogist and Antiquary .... 1789. . 1838 
 
 Farmer, Richard, d. d. Critic and Scholar ^ 735 • • 1 797 
 
 Farnaby, Thomas. Schoolmaster and Classical Editor. . 1575 . . 1647 
 
 Farnese, Alexander. Third Duke of Parma 1546. -1592 
 
 Farnese, Alexander. Cardinal. Ambassador 1520. .1589 
 
 Farnese, Octavius. Second Duke of Parma 1520"^ 1585 
 
 Farnese, Peter Louis. First Duke of Parma (1545-47) . . 1490?. 1547 
 
 Farneworth, Ellis. Historical Translator — . .1763 
 
 Farnham, Thomas J. American Traveler and Writer. . 1804. .1848 
 
 Farquhar, George. Comic Writer 1678. , 1707 
 
 Farrant, Richard. Composer of Church Music — . .1585? 
 
 Farrar, John. American Mathematician i779- • 1853 
 
 Farren, Eliza. Actress, afterwards Countess of Derby . . 1759. .1829 
 
 Farren, William. Comedian '. . . . 1791?. 1861 
 
 FastolfiF, Sir John. Commander 1378^ 1459 
 
 Fatio de Duillers, Nicholas. Swiss Geometrician and 
 
 Religious Enthusiast 1664. . 1753 
 
 Faucher, L(?on. French Political Economist 1803. . 1854 
 
 Fauchet, Claude. French Historian 1530. . 1601 
 
 Faucliet, Claude. French Bishop and Politician 1744- -1793 
 
 Fauclieur, Michael le. French Prot. Divine & Preacher. — . . 1667 
 
 Faulkner, George. Irish Printer and Author 1700"'. 1775 
 
 Fauques, Marianne Agnes de. Mme.deVauduse. Romanc.1720 aft.1777 
 Faur, Guy de. Lord of Pibrach. Advocate. ( Qwa^mms) 1529. .1584 
 Fauriel, Claude. Fr. Hist, and Belles-lettres Writer. . . 1772. .1844 
 Faust, or Fust, John. One of the Inventors of Printing . . — . . 1470? 
 
 Faust, or Faustus, Dr. John. Occult Philosopher fl. 1550? 
 
 Fausta, Flavia Maximiniana. Wife of Constantine — . . 327 
 
 Faustina, Annia Galeria. The Elder. W. of Antoninus Pius 105 ? . 141 
 Faustina, Annia, daughter. The Younger. Wife of 
 
 Marcus Aurelius — .. 175 
 
 Faustina, Bordone. Italian Singer 1702. .1783 
 
 Favart, Charles Simon. French Poet 1 7 10. . 1792 
 
 Favart, Mary Justine Benoite. French Comic Actress. . 1727. . 1772 
 
 Faversham, Hamo de. Aristotelian Philosopher — ..1244 
 
 Favolius, Hugo. Dutch Physician and Poet ^5^3- • ^5^5 
 
 Favorinus. Platonic Philosopher. fl;ti.Traj.& Hudr. 
 
 Favorinus, Narinus. ( Thesaurus Linguce Grcecce) 1450?. 1537 
 
 Bavras, Thomas Mahi, Marquis of. French Conspirator 
 
 against the Revolution 1745 • • ^79° 
 
 Favre, or Faber, Anthony, of Savoy. Jurist. ( Codex Fa- . 
 
 brianus) i557- .1624 
 
 Favre, Claude. Lord de Vaugelas. Writ, on Fr. Language. 1585?. 1650 
 
 Fawcett, John. Actor 1768. .1837 
 
 Fawcett, Sir Wm. General. Governor of Chelsea Hosp. 1728. . 1804 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 155 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 FawkeSj Rev. Francis. "Writer and Class. Poet; Transl. 1721. .1777 
 
 Fawkes, Guy. Conspirator — . . 1606 
 
 Faxardo, Diego Saavedra. Span. Author and Statesman 1584. ,1648 
 Fay, Chas. Francis de Cisternai du. Natural Philosopher 1698. . 1739 
 
 Faydit, Anselm. Troubadour — . . 1220? 
 
 Faydit, Peter. French Theologian and Historian 1649. .1709 
 
 Fayette, Louisa de la. French Maid of Honor 1616?. 1665 
 
 Fayette, Mary Magd. de la Vergne, Countess of. Novelist 1632 . . 1693 
 Fazio, Bartholomew. Italian Hist. {DeViris Jllustribus) 1400?. 1457 
 
 Fearn, John. Metaphysician fl. 1812-15 
 
 Fearne, Charles. Law Writer, (Contingent Remainders) 174^. .17^^ 
 Featley, or Fairclough, Rev. Daniel. Controv. Divine. . 1582. .1645 
 
 Fecht, or Fechtius, John. Lutheran Divijie 1636. .1716 
 
 Feckenham, John de. Abbot of Westminster — . . 1585 
 
 Federici, Camillo. Italian Dramatist i749- • 1802 
 
 Fedor I. Ivanovitch. Czar of Russia (1584-98) '. . . . 1557. • 1598 
 
 Fedor II. Alexeyevitch. (1676-82) 1657. . 1682 
 
 Feijoo, Francis Benedict Jerome. Spanish Moralist. 
 
 ( Teatro Critico) 1701 . . 1764 
 
 Feith, Rhynvis. Dutch Writer and Poet 1753 . . 1824 
 
 Fejer, Gyorgy. Hungarian Writer 1766. , — 
 
 F6libien, Andrew. Historiographer. 1619. . 1695 
 
 F61ibien, James. [Pentateuchus Historicus), 1636. .1716 
 
 F61ibien, John Francis. (Lives of Celebrated Architects) 1658?. 1733 
 
 F6libien, Michael, of St. Maur. (Histm^y of Paris) 1666. .1719 
 
 F61ice, Fortune Barthdlemy de. (Encyclop. of Yverdun) 1723. .1789 
 
 Felix, Antonius or Claudius. Procurator of Judjea — aft.62A,D. 
 
 Felix, M. Minutius. Roman Lawyer. ( Octavius) fl. A.D.230? 
 
 FeUxI. Pope (269-274?). Saint —..274? 
 
 Felix II. (355.) Antipope ; expelled — . . 365 
 
 Felix III. (or II.) Pope (483-92) — . . 492 
 
 Felix IV. (or HI.) (526-30) — . . 530? 
 
 FeU, John, d. d. Dean of Christ Church & Bp. of Oxford 1625 . . 1686 
 
 Fell, John. Dissenting Minister 1735 • -^797 
 
 Fell, Samuel, D. d. Dean of Christ Church i594- • 1649 
 
 Fellenburg, Emanuel de. Educationist i77i-- 1844 
 
 Feller, Francis Xavier de. Ex-Jesuit. (Bist. Dictionary) 1735.. 1802 
 
 Feller, Joachim Frederick. (House of Brunswick) 1673. -1726 
 
 Fellowes, Robert, ll. d. Religious and Political Writer 1770. .1847 
 
 Fellows, Sir Charles. Classical Archaeologist i799- • i860 
 
 Feltham, Owen. (Resolves.) Life by Gumming, 1806 .. 1610?. 1678? 
 Felton, Cornelius Conway. Amer. Author and Educator 1807. .1862 
 
 Felton, Henry, d. d. Divine 1679. -1740 
 
 Feltre, Hen. Jas. Wm. Clarke, Duke de. Marshal of Fr. 1765. .1818 
 F6neloii, Francis de Salignac de la Mothe. Archbishop. 
 
 L. by Card. Bausset, 1812 ; Chas. Butler ; A. M. Ramsay 1651 . .1715 
 
 Fenin, Peter de. Chronicler — . . 1433 
 
 Fenn, Lady Eleanor. Writer of Books for the Young. . 1743?. 1813 
 
 Fenn, Sir John. Antiquary i739- -1794 
 
 Fanner, William. Puritan Divine 1560. . 1640? 
 
 Fenouillot de Falbaire, Charles Geo. Fr. Dramatist 1727. .1800 
 
 Fenton, Edward. Naval Commander 1550'' • 1603 
 
 Fenton, Elijah. Poet 1683. .1730 
 
 Fenton, Sir Geofirey. Writer and Statesman — . . 1608 
 
156 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Penwick, Rev. George. {Hebreio Titles of the Psalms). . — . .1760 
 
 Ferdinand I. King of Aragon. The Just 1373 . . 1416 
 
 Ferdinand H. (V. of Castile and Leon). The Catholic. . 1452. .1516 
 Ferdinand I. King of Castile and Leon. The Great. . — . .1065 
 
 Ferdinand II. Life by Pineda — . .1188 
 
 Ferdinand III. Saint 1200. . 1252 
 
 Ferdinand IV 1285 . . 1312 
 
 Ferdinand v. (II. of Aragon). The Catholic. Husband 
 
 of Isabella. Life by Carvajal; Prescott 1452. .1516 
 
 Ferdinand VI. King of Spain (1746-59) 1713. .1759 
 
 Ferdinand VII 1784. .1833 
 
 Ferdinand I. Emperor (1558-64). Life by Jas. Masen 1503. .1564 
 
 Ferdinand II., grandson-- (1619-37) 1578. . 1637 
 
 Ferdinand m., son. (1637-57) 1608. .1657 
 
 Ferdinand I. King of Naples 1423 . . 1494 
 
 Ferdinand II. — . . 1496 
 
 Ferdinand III. (V. of Castile and Leon). The Catholic 1452. .1516 
 
 Ferdinand I. King of the Two Sicilies 1751 • • 1825 
 
 Ferdinand II. Bomba 1810. . 1859 
 
 Ferdinand, Charles, of Bruges. Poet and Philosopher. 
 
 ( TranquilUtas Animi) 1450?. 1496 
 
 Ferdinand, John. Jesuit of Toledo. ^ {Script. Thesaurus) 1536?. 1595 
 
 Ferdinand de Cordova. Scholar. ! 1420?. 1480? 
 
 Ferdinandi, Epiphanius. Medical Writer 1569. . 1638 
 
 Ferdusi. Persian Poet 940 . . 1020? 
 
 Ferg, or Fergire, Francis Paul. German Painter 1689. .1740 
 
 Ferguson, Adam, ll. d. ( History of the Roman Republic) 1 724 . . 1816 
 Ferguson, James. Natural Philosopher and Astronomer 1710. .1776 
 Ferguson, Robt. Ejected Nonconf.,Divine and Politician — ••1714 
 Ferguson, Robt. Poet. L. by Peterkin; D.Irving,1799 1750?. 1774 
 Ferguson, Robert, M. D. Med. Writ. {Puerperal Fever). ■i7gg. .186^ 
 
 Ferguson, William. Scottish Artist — . . 1690 
 
 Feristitali, Mohammed Casim. Persian Historian 1570'. 1626? 
 
 Format, Peter de. Mathematician, Poet, and Civilian . . 1601 , . 1665 
 
 Fermor, William, Count von. Russian General 1704- -^77^ 
 
 Fernandez, Alfonso. Spanish Ecclesiastical Historian . . — ..1640 
 Fernandez, Anthony. Port. Miss, in India and Abyssinia — . . 1642 
 Fernandez, Juan. Spanish Navigator and Discoverer. . fl. 1572 
 Fernandez Ximenes de Wavarette, John. Painter. . . 1524?. 1577 
 
 Feme, Sir John. Antiquary — . . 1610? 
 
 Fernel, or Fernelius, John Francis. Fr. Medical Writer 1497. .1558 
 Ferracino, Barthol. It. Mechanician. L. by Memo, 1764 1692 . . 1777 
 
 Ferrajuoli, Nunzio. Italian Painter '. 1660. .1735 
 
 Ferrand, Anthony. French Poet 1678. .1719 
 
 Ferrand, Anthony Francis Claude, Ct. Fr. Polit. & Hist. 1751 . . 1825 
 Ferrand, James. French Physician. {Distemper of Love) n. 1622 
 
 Ferrand, James Philip. French Painter in Enamel 1653?. 1732 
 
 Ferrand, Louis. French Theologian 1645 . . 1699 
 
 Ferrar, Nicholas; friend of G. Herbert. Life by Ferrar; 
 
 Jebb and Mayor, 1857 1592. • 1637 
 
 Ferrar, Robert. " Bishop of St. David's. Martyr — --iSSS 
 
 Ferrara, Andrea de. Swordsmith in Scotland fl.ti.Jas.iv.or v. 
 
 Ferrara, Ren(5e of France, Duchess of See Renee 1510. .1575 
 
 Ferrari, Francis Bernardin. Book-Collector and Scholar 1577?. 1669 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 157 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ferraxi, Gaudentio, of Milan. Painter 1484 . 
 
 Ferrari, John Andrew. Italian Painter i599- 
 
 Ferrari, John Baptist, of Sienna. Syriac Scholar 1584. 
 
 Ferrari, Louis, of Bologna. Mathematician 1522. 
 
 Ferrari, Octavian. Ital. Archseol. {DeOrig. Bomanorum) 1^18. 
 
 Ferrari, Octavius, of Milan. Archaeologist 1607 . 
 
 Ferraris, Joseph, Count de. Austrian Field Marshal 1726. 
 
 Ferrars, Edward. Warwickshire Poet — . 
 
 Ferrars, George. Historian, Poet, and Courtier 1512? 
 
 Ferrars, Henry. Poet and Antiquary of Warwickshire. . 1549. 
 
 Ferrato, Sasso. John Baptist Sahi. Painter 1605 . 
 
 Ferreira, Antonio. Portuguese Poet, (fries de Castro). .. 1^28. , 
 Ferreras, John de. Span. Historian. {History of Spain) i6$2 . 
 Ferreti, Emilius. Italian Jurist. ( Opera Juridica) .... 1489. 
 Ferreti, John Baptist, of Vicenza. [Muscb Lapidarice). . 1639. 
 
 Ferreto, of Vicenza. Historian and Poet , 1296'', 
 
 Ferri, Ciro. Roman Fresco Painter 1634. , 
 
 Ferri, Paul, of Metz. Protestant Divine and Preacher. . 1591 . . 
 
 Ferriar, John. Physician and Writer 1 764 . , 
 
 Ferrier, Arnold du. French Lawyer and Diplomatist. . . 1506?. 
 
 Ferrier, Claude de. Civilian 1639. , 
 
 Ferrier, John. French Jesuit and Anti-Jansenist — . . 
 
 Ferrier, J. F. Writer on Moral Philosophy 1806? . 
 
 Ferrier, Louis. French Poet 1652 . , 
 
 Ferrier, Mary. Novelist. {Marriage) 1782., 
 
 Ferriere, Claude de, of Paris. Jurist 1639. . 
 
 Ferron, Arnauld le. French Latin Writer iSiS- 
 
 Fersen, Axel, Ct 1755 . . 
 
 Fert6-Senneterre, Hennr^ Duke de. Marshal of France 1600. . 
 
 Ferus, John, of Metz. JVild. Commentator — . . 
 
 Fesch, Joseph, Cardinal. Archbishop of Lyons 1763. . 
 
 Fessenden, Thomas Green. American Author 1771 . . 
 
 Feti, Dominic. 71 Mantnano. Painter 1589. . 
 
 Feucheres, Sophia de, Baroness I795''- 
 
 Feuerbacli, Paul Jos. Anselm. Ger.Writ. on Crim.Law 1775. . 
 FeuilI6e, Louis. Fr. Naturalist, Geographer, and Math. 1660. . 
 FeuquiSre, Anthony de Pas, Marquis de. Milit. Writer 1648 . . 
 Feurbom, Justus, of Westphalia. Protestant Theologian 1587?. 
 
 Feutsking, John Henry. German Writer 1672 . . 
 
 Fevardentius, or Fewardent, Francis. Controv. Divine 1541. . 
 
 F6vre, Anne le. Madame Dacier, which see 1654. . 
 
 Fevre, Anthony le. French Statesman and Ambassador 1555 ^ 
 
 P^vre, Claude le. French Pauater in England 1633. . 
 
 Fevre, Guy le, Sieur de la Broderie. Fr. Oriental, and Poet 1541 . . 
 Fevre, James le, of Etaples. See Faber Stapulensis .... 1455'. 
 
 F6vre, Nicholas le. French Philologist i544. • 
 
 Fevre, Nicholas le. French Jesuit; Divine and Critic. . . — . . 
 
 F6vre, Roland le. French Painter 1605?. 
 
 Fevre, Tannegui le. Tanaquil Faber 1615 . . 
 
 Fevret, Charies. French Civihan 1583 . . 
 
 Fevret de Fontette, Charles Mary. Lawyer and Writer 1 710 . . 
 Few, Col. William. American Revolutionary Officer. . . 1748. . 
 
 Feydeau, Matthew. Jansenist Writer , 1616. . 
 
 Feyjoo, or Feijoo, Benedict Jerome. The Spanish Addison 1701 . . 
 
 550 
 
158 A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. 
 
 Fiammingo, Arrigo. Flemish Artist iSzs"*. 
 
 Fiard, J. Bapt. French Demonologist "^T^^- • 
 
 Fiasella, Dominic. Sarezena. Historical Painter 1589. . 
 
 Fichard, John, of Frankfort. Lawyer and Biographer. . 1512, . 
 Fichte, John Theoph. Metaphysician. L. by W. Smith 1762. . 
 
 Ficinus, Marsilius. Italian Platonic Philosopher 1433 . . 
 
 Ficoroni, Francis. Roman Medalist and Antiquary 1664. . 
 
 Ficquelmont, Charles Louis, Count. Austrian States- 
 man and General ^777- - 
 
 Fidanza, John. St. Bonaventure, which see 1221 . . 
 
 Fiddes, Richard, D. d. Divine 1671 . . 
 
 Field, John. Proto-Copernican of England. L. by Hunter — .. 
 
 Field, Nathaniel. Actor and Dramatist — . . 
 
 Field, Richard, D. d. ( The Church.) Life by his son 1561 . . 
 
 Fielding, Copley Vandyke. Landscape Painter 1787. . 
 
 Fielding, Hemy. Novelist. L. by Murphy; Lawrence, 1855 1707. . 
 
 Fielding, Sir John. Magistrate and Writer — . . 
 
 Fielding, Miss Sarah. Novelist 1714. . 
 
 Fiennes, Nathaniel. Republican Polit., and Commander 1608. . 
 Fiennes, Wm., Ld. Say and Sele. "Writer and Statesman 1582. . 
 Fienus, or Fyens, Thomas. Medical Writer at Louvain . 1567. . 
 
 Fieschi, John Louis d'. Genoese Conspirator 1523''. 
 
 Fiesole, Fra Giovanni da. Beato Angelico. Painter 1387. . 
 
 Fi6v6e, Joseph. French Politician and Author 1767. . 
 
 Figg, James. Prizefighter — . . 
 
 Figino, Ambrose. Italian Painter 1550 . aft. 
 
 Figrelius, Edmund. Swedish Scholar and Historian ... — . . 
 FUangieri, Gaetano. Ital. Publicist. ( On Legislation). . 1752. . 
 Filelfo, Francis. Ital. Schol. & Hist. L. by Rosmini, 1808*1398. . 
 
 Filesac, John. Doctor of the Sorbonne 1550'- 
 
 Filicaja, Vincenzo da. Florentine Poet. { Siege of Vienna) 16^2. : 
 Filipepi, Sandro, or Alessandro. Botticelli. Ital. Painter 1437. . 
 
 Fillans, James. Scottish Sculptor 1808 . . 
 
 Filmer, Sir Robert. Political Writer. {Patriarcha) . ... — . . 
 Finaeus, Orontius. Fine. French Mathematical Writer 1494. . 
 
 Finch, Anne, Countess of Winchelsea. Poet 1660?. 
 
 Finch, Daniel, Second Earl of Nottingham. Statesman. 1647. . 
 
 Finch, Francis Oliver. Painter in Water Colors — . . 
 
 Finch, Heneage, First E. of Nottingham. Ld. Chancellor 1621 . . 
 
 Finch, Rev. Robert. Antiquary^ 1783- • 
 
 Finck, Thomas. Danish Physician and Mathematician. . 1561 . . 
 
 Finden, William. Engraver 1787. . 
 
 Fin6, Oronce. Finmus. French Mathematician H94- • 
 
 Fingal. Prince of Morven 282?. 
 
 Finiguerra, Thomas.' Florentine Goldsmith and Sculptor 1410? . 
 
 Finlay, John. Scottish Poet 1782. . 
 
 Finlayson, George. Surgeon, Naturalist, and Traveler. . 1790?. 
 Finley, James Bradley. Amer. Clergyman and Author. 1781.. 
 Fialey, Robert, d. i>. Amer. Scholar and Philanthropist. 1772. . 
 
 Finley, Samuel, d. d. American Educator 1715 • • 
 
 Fiori, Mario de, Italian Flower Painter 1603. . 
 
 Fiorillo, John Dominic. German Painter and Writer . . 1748. . 
 
 Firenzuola, Angelo. Italian Poet 1493 
 
 Firmious Maternus, Julius. Christian Writer "-334-355 
 
 ill 
 
 823 
 857 
 817 
 766 
 
 673 
 821 
 
 545 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 159 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Fipmilian. Bishop of Caesarjea (233-69) 200? . 269 
 
 Pirmin, Giles. Eject. Nonconf. & Phys. {Real Christian) 1617 . 
 
 Firmin, Thomas. Benefactor. Life \v Cornish, 1780. .. 1632. . 
 
 Fisctier, Charles von, of Munich. Architect 1782. . 
 
 Fischer von Erlach, John Bernard. Archt. of Vienna. 1650. . 
 
 Fish, Simon. English Reformer. {Supplication of Beggars) — .. 
 
 Fisher, John. Bishop of Roch. L. by Dr. Rd. Hall; J.Lewis 1459. . 
 
 Fisher, John. Bishop of Salisbury 1748 . . 
 
 Fisher, Payne. Paganus Piscator. Poet-Laureate 1616. . 
 
 Fisher, Thomas. Antiquary 1772 , . 
 
 Fisk, Wilbur, d. d. American Clergyman and Educator. 1792. . 
 
 Fitch, John. American Inventor i743- • 
 
 Fitzgerald, Ld. Edward. Revolutionist. Life by T. Moore 1763. ." 
 
 Fitzgerald, Lady Edward. Pamela — . . 
 
 Fitzgibbon, John, Earl of Clare. Lord. Chanc. of Ireland 1749. . 
 
 Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony. Lawyer • — . . 
 
 Fitzherbert, Maria Anna, Mrs. Life by Langdale, 1856 1756. . 
 
 Fitzherbert, Nicholas. {Life of Cardinal Allen) iSSo"*- 
 
 Fitzherbert, Thomas. Roman Catholic Controversialist 1552. . 
 
 Fitzjames, James, Dk. Berwick. Militar}'- Commander. . 1670.. 
 
 Fitzjocelin, Reginald. Archbishop of Canterbury (1191) 1141. . 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Richard. General and Statesman i747- • 
 
 Fitzroy, Jas., Duke of Monmouth. Life by Roberts, 1844 1649. . 
 
 Fitzroy, Robert. Admiral. Meteorologist 1805 . . 
 
 Fitzstephen, William. Historian. {London) — , . 
 
 FitzwiUiam, Richard. Viscount, (m. A. 1764.) Foun- 
 der of FitzwiUiam Museum — . . 
 
 FitzwUliam, Wm., E. of Southampton. Naval Command. — . . 
 
 FitzwiUiam, William Wentworth, Second Earl of. States- 
 man. Founder of FitzwiUiam Museum 1748. . 
 
 Fixmillner, Placidus. German Astronomer and Canonist 1721 . . 
 
 Fizes, Anthony. Medical Writer at Montpellier 1690. . 
 
 Flaccus, C. Valerius. Poet. {Argonautica) — . . 
 
 Flacius niyTicus. Matthias Francowitz. Divine 1520. . 
 
 Flambard, Ralph. Bp.ofDur. (1099-1128). Justiciary. — .. 
 
 Flameel, or Flamel, Bertholet. Historical Painter of Liege 1614.. 
 
 Flamel, Nicholas, of Paris. Alchemist and Benefactor . . — . . 
 
 Flaminio, John Anthony, of Bologna. Orator, Poet, Hist. 1464?. 
 
 Flarainio, Mark Anthony. Latin Poet. { Carmina Sacra) i^()?> . . 
 
 Flaminius, Caius. Censor. Constructor of Fmi'^amma — 217 
 
 Flaminius, Nobilius. Italian Divine and Critic 1532 . . 
 
 . Flaminius,T. Quint. Consul. Victor at Cynoscephalse. .230 ?b.c, 
 
 Flamsteed, John. Astronomer 1646?. 
 
 Flandrin, John Hippolytus. French Painter 1809?. 
 
 Flandrin, Peter. French Veterinary Writer 1752.. 
 
 Flatman, Thomas. Poet 1653? . 
 
 Flaust, John Baptist, of Rouen. ( Usage of Noi^mandy) . . 171 1?. 
 
 Flavel, John. Ejected Nonconformist Divine 1627''. 
 
 Flaxman, John. Sculptor. Life by Teniswood, 1864 ... 1 75 5 . . 
 
 F16ehier, Esprit. Bishop of Nismes. Preacher 1632. . 
 
 Flecknoe, Richard. Poet — . . 
 
 Fleetwood, Chas. Lord Deputy of Irel. and Pari. General — .. 
 
 Fleetwood, William. Lawyer and Historical Writer ... — . . 
 
 Fleetwood, Wm., Bishop of Ely. Scholar & Theologian 1656 . . 
 
 697 
 697 
 820 
 
 724 
 531? 
 
 ^35 
 825 
 
 693 
 836 
 
 839 
 798 
 798 
 
 802 
 538 
 837 
 612 
 640 
 734 
 
 ITs 
 
 685 
 865 
 191? 
 
 816 
 542 
 
 833 
 791 
 765 
 88? 
 
 575 
 128 
 
 418 
 536 
 550 
 
 B.C. 
 
 590 
 
 174 
 719 
 
 864 
 796 
 
 688 
 
 783 
 691 
 826 
 710 
 678 
 692 
 593 
 723 
 
160 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Fleming, Abraham. Poetical Writer & Class. Translator . fl. 1 5 75-1 589 
 
 Pleming, Caleb. Unitarian Writer 1698, .1779 
 
 Fleming, John. Scottish Naturalist 1785 . . 1857 
 
 Fleming, Marjorie. Pet. Life by J. Brown, m. d 1803. .1811 
 
 Fleming, Patrick. Irish Roman Ecclesiastic i599- • 1631 
 
 Fleming, Robert. Scottish Pastor in Holland. ( Fulfilling 
 
 of the Scriptures) 1630 . . 1694 
 
 Fleming, Robt. Sco^.TastAnljOnd. {Rise<f Fall of Papacy) — ..1716 
 Flemyng, Richard. Bishopof Lincoln (1419-31). Oppo- 
 nent of Lollards. Founder of Lincoln College — . . 1431 
 
 Fletcher, Abraham. Mathem. {Universal Measurer) .. lyi^. .ijc)^ 
 Fletcher, Rev. Alexander, d. d. Presbyterian Divine. . . 1787?. i860 
 Fletcher, Andrew, of Saltoun. Scottish Politician. Life 
 
 by D. S. Erskine, 1792 1653. .1716 
 
 Fletcher, Giles, ll. d. Envoy. (Russian Commonwealth) — . . 1610 
 Fletcher, Giles, br. of Phineas. Poet. ( ChrisVs Victory) 1588?. 1623 
 
 Fletcher, James. Historian. (History of Poland) i8xi , . 1832 
 
 Fletcher, John. Poet; Colleag. of Beaumont. L. by Dyce 1576. .1625 
 Fletcher, Rev. John Wm. (Checks to Antinomianism) . . 1729., 1785 
 
 Fletcher, Phineas. Poet. (Purple Island) 1584?. 1650? 
 
 Fletcher, Richard. Bishop of London — . , 1596 
 
 Fleury, Andrew Hercules de. Cardinal & Prime Minister 1653. . 1743 
 
 Fleury, Claude. Abb^. (Histoire Ecclesiastique) 1640. .1723 
 
 Bliedner, Theod. Prus. Clergyman and Philanthropist. 1798. .1864 
 
 Flinders, Matthew. Navigator 1780?. 1814 
 
 Flinek, Govaert, or Godfrey. Dutch Painter 1616. . 1660 
 
 Flint, Rev. Timothy. American Writer 1780. . 1840 
 
 Flipart, John James. French Engraver 1 723 . . 1 782 
 
 Flodoaxd, or Frodoard. Historian 894 . . 966 
 
 Flogel, Charles Frederick. German Writer 1729. . 1788 
 
 Flood, Henry, m. p. Irish Orator and Writer 1732. .1791 
 
 Flood, Sir William, M. p. Statesman 1741 • • 1824 
 
 Eloq^uet, Stephen Joseph. French Musical Composer . . . 1750. .1785 
 
 Florence of "Worcester. Historian — . . 1118 
 
 Florentino, Stephen. Historical Painter of Florence. . . . 1301?. 1350 
 
 Florez, Henry. Spanish Historian 1701 . .1773 
 
 Florian, John Peter Claris de. French Writer 1755 .. 1794 
 
 Florimond de Remond, of Bordeaux. Lawyer & Writ. — ..1602 
 Florio, John. The Resolute. Tutor to Prince Henry. Writer 1545?. 1625 
 
 Floris, Francis. Flemish Historical Painter 1520. . 1570 
 
 Florus, L. Annaeus. (Epitome de Gestis Romanorxim) . . ti.Traj.&Adrian 
 Floyd, Gen. John. American Statesman and Soldier. . . 1769. .1839 
 
 Floyd, Wm. American General i734- • 1821 
 
 Floyer, Sir John. Physician 1649. . 1734 
 
 Fludd, Robert. De Fluctihus. Rosicrucian Philosopher. . 1574. .1637 
 Foes, or Foesius, Anutius. Phys. and Scholar in Lorraine 1528. .1595 
 
 Fogliano, Louis. Folianus. Writer on Music — . .1540? 
 
 Foglieta, or Folieta, Uberto. Genoese Writer 1518. .1581 
 
 Fohr, Charles Philip. German Landscape Painter i795 • • ^818 
 
 Foinard, Fred. Maurice. Fr. Eccles. and Biblical Writer 1683''. 1743 
 Foix, Gaston III., Count de. Viscount de Beam. (Phoebus) 1331 . . 1391 
 
 Foix, Gaston de. Thunderbolt of Italy. Commander 1489. .1512 
 
 Foix, Mark Anthony. French Jesuit; Preacher 1627. . 1687 
 
 Foix, Odet de, Lord of Lautrec. French General — . . 1528 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 161 
 
 BORN. WED. 
 
 Foix, Paul de. Archbishop of Toulouse. Diplomatist .. 1528. .1584 
 
 Folard, John Charles de. French Tactician 1669. .1752 
 
 Folengo, John Bapt. Italian Benedictine ; Biblical Writer 1490. .1559 
 Folengo, Theophilus. Merlin Coccaye. Ital. Burlesque Poet 1491. .1544 
 
 Foley, Sir Thomas. Naval Officer • I757- • 1833 
 
 Folianus, Ludovicus. Writer on Music , — . . 1 540? 
 
 Folkes, Martin. Scholar and Antiquary 1690 . . 1 754 
 
 Follen, August. German Poet i794- • 1855 
 
 Follen, Charles. German Writer. L. by L. Pollen, 1843 1795 . . 1841 
 
 Follett, Sir William Webb. Lawyer 1798. . 1845 
 
 Fonblanque, John de la Grenier. English Lawyer. 
 
 ( Treatise on Equity) 1759 . . 1837 
 
 Fonblanque, John Samuel Martin. Commissioner of 
 
 Bankruptcy. ( Medical Jurisprudence) 1787. . 1865 
 
 Fonseca, Peter. Portug. Writer. (Systemof Metaphysics) 1^28. .ie,gg 
 
 Font, Joseph de la. French Comic Writer 1686. .1725 
 
 Font, Peter de la. Fr. Divine. {Entretiens Ecclesiastiques) — ..1699 
 
 Fontaine, Alexis. French Geometer 1705?. 1771 
 
 Fontaine, John de la. French Poet and Fabulist 1621 . . 1695 
 
 Fontaine, Nicholas. French Jansenist 1625 . .1709 
 
 Fontaine, Peter Francis Leonard. French Architect 1762. . 1853 
 
 Fontaines, Peter Francis Guyot des. French Critic 1685 . .1745 
 
 Fontana, Charles. Italian Architect 1634. .1714 
 
 Fontana, Dominic. Italian Architect 1543 . . 1607 
 
 Fontana, Felix. Philosopher and Naturalist ^73°* • '^°5 
 
 Fontana, Francis, of Naples. Astronomer 1 580 . . 1656 
 
 Fontana, Gaetano, of Modena. Astronomer 1645 . .1719 
 
 Fontana, Gregory. Mathematician 1735 . . 1803 
 
 Fontana, John. Hydraulic Engineer i54o- • 1614 
 
 Fontana, Lavinia. Italian Portrait Painter 1552. .1614 
 
 Fontana, Prospero. Italian Historical Painter 1512. .1597 
 
 Fontanelle, John Caspar Dubois. French Writer 1737. .1812 
 
 Fontanes, Louis de. Orator, Politician, Poet i757 • • 1821 
 
 Fontanges, Marie Ang^lique, Dss. of. Fav. of Louis XIV. 1661 . . 1681 
 
 Fontanini, Justus. Archbishop of Ancyra. Writer 1666. .1736 
 
 Fonte-Moderata. Modesta Pozzo. Venetian Poetess .. 1555. .1592 
 
 Fontenay, John Baptist Blain de. French Painter 1654. .1715 
 
 Fontenay, Peter Claude. French Jesuit; Writer 1663. .1742 
 
 Fontenay, Theresa de Cabarrus, Marchss. de. Fr. Beauty 1 773 . . 1 835 
 Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de. Poet & Misc. Writ. 1657. .1757 
 
 Fontenu, Louis Francis de. French Writer 1667. .1759 
 
 Fontius, or Fonti, Bartholomew. Historian of Florence. . 1445. .1513 
 
 Foote, Andrew Hull. American Admiral 1806. . 1863 
 
 Foote, Sir Edw. James. Admiral 1767. . 1833 
 
 Foote, Jesse. Surgeon and Miscellaneous Writer i743- • 1826 
 
 Foote, Samuel. Comedian. Life by W. Cooke, 1805 . . . 1720?. 1777 
 Foppens, John Francis. Flemish Hist., Biog., and Divine 1689? . 1 761 
 Forabosco, Girolamo, of Venice. Portrait Painter. . . 1600 ''.aft. 1659 
 Forbes, Alexander,. Lord, of Pitsligo. {Moral and Philo- 
 sophical Essays) — . .1762 
 
 Forbes, Duncan. Scottish Judge. Religious Writer. 
 
 Life by J. H. Burton, 1847 1685 . .1747 
 
 Forbes, Edward. Naturalist. Life by Wilson 1815 . . 1854 
 
 Forbes, James. E. I. C. Civil Serv. ( Oriental Memoirs) 1749. . 1819 
 H 
 
162 A BEIEF BIOGKAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 PorbeSj John, of Corse. {Histxyrico-Theolog. Institutions) 1593 
 Forbes, John. Botanist and Trav. ( Climate of Penzance) 1799 
 
 Forbes, Sir John, m. d. Scottish Medical Writer 1787 
 
 Forbes, Patrick. Bishop of Aberdeen (1618-35) 1564 
 
 Forbes, Robert. Bishop of Caithness. Historical Writer — 
 Forbes, Sir Wm., of Pitsligo. Banker. {Lifeof Beaitie) ijy) 
 
 Forbes, William. Bishop of Edinburgh 1585 
 
 Forbin, Claude, Chevalier de. Admiral. L. by Reboulet 1656 
 Forbonnais, Francis Veron de. French Commercial and 
 
 Financial Writer 1722. . 
 
 Force, Charlotte Rose de Caumont de la. Poetess 1654?. 
 
 Force, James N. de Caumont Due de la. Marshal. See 
 
 Laforce ^SS^- • 
 
 Forcellini, Giles. Lexicographer 1688. . 
 
 Ford, John. Dramatic Writer. ( Tlie Broken Heart) 1586. . 
 
 Ford, Sir John. Loyalist and Hydraulic Inventor. ..... 1605. . 
 
 Ford, Richard. Trav. and Writer. {Handbook of Spain) 1796. . 
 
 Ford, Rev. Simon. Latin Poet 1679. . 
 
 Fordun, John de. Scottish Historian. {Scotichronicon) — .. 
 
 Fordyce, David. Philosopher. ( Theodorus) 1711.. 
 
 Fordyce, George. Scottish Medical Writer 1736. . 
 
 Fordyce, James, d. d. {Sermons to Young Women) 1720?. 
 
 Fordyce, Sir William. Scottish Medical Writer 1724. . 
 
 Foreest, or Forestus, Peter van. Dutch Medical Writer 1522. . 
 Foreiro, Francis. Portuguese Biblical Commentator. ... — . .. 
 
 Forest, John. French Landscape Painter 1636. . 
 
 Foresti, E. Felice. Italian Patriot i793^ • 
 
 Foresti, James Philip. Philip of Bergamo. Chronicler, 1434. . 
 Forkel, John Nich. Musical Writer. {History of Music) 174^. . 
 
 Forli, Melozzo da. Painter of Forli 1436*'' • 
 
 Forman, Simon. Astrologer 1552. . 
 
 Formey, John Henry Sam. Pruss. Philos. and Theolog. 1711. . 
 
 Formosus. Pope (891-96) — .. 
 
 Forqueray, Anthony. French Violinist 1671 . . 
 
 Forrest, Thomas. Navigator and Discoverer — . . 
 
 Forsell, Charles af. Swedish Philanth. and Statistician. 1783. . 
 
 Forshal, Rev. Josiah. Biblical Critic I794''- 
 
 Forskal, Peter. Swedish Naturalist 1736. • 
 
 Forster, Frank. Civil Engineer 1800. . 
 
 Forster, Geo. Traveler. {Journey from. Bengal to Eng.) ly $4. . 
 
 Forster, John. Protestant Hebraist, of Wittemberg i495 • • 
 
 Forster, John George Adam. German Traveler i754- • 
 
 Forster, John Reinhold. Naturalist and Geographer 1729- • 
 
 Forster, Nathaniel. Scholar and Divine ^^7^7- • 
 
 Forster,. Thomas, of Northumberland. Jacobite 1675 . . 
 
 Forster, Thos. Ignatius Maria. English Meteorologist . 1 789 . ab. 
 Forstner, Christopher. Austrian Statesman and Writer 1598. . 
 Forsyth, Alex. John. Discov. of the Percussion Principle 1 769 . . 
 
 Forsyth, John. American Statesman 1 781 ? . 
 
 Forsyth, William. Scottish Horticulturist i737- • 
 
 Fort, Francis le. Soldier & Statesm. under Peter the Great 1656 . . 
 Fortescue, Sir John. Judge, {DeLaudibusLegumAngU(B) 1395 • • 
 
 Fortiguerra, Nicholas. Italian Bishop and Poet 1674. . 
 
 Fortis, John Baptist. Naturalist. ( Viaggio in Dalmazia) 1741 • • 
 
 648 
 824 
 861 
 
 635 
 776 
 806 
 634 
 733 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 163 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Fortius, or Fortis, Joachim. Ringelbergius. Scholar. ... — . . 
 
 Fortoul, Hippolytus Nicholas Honord. French Writer. 1811.. 
 
 Forward, Walter. American Lawyer and Statesman. . . 1786. . 
 
 Fosbrooke, Rev. Thomas Dudley. Antiquary 1770. . 
 
 Foscari, Francesco. Doge of Venice (1423-57). Byron's 
 
 Two Foscari ^Z7Z^ • 
 
 Foscari, Giacopo, the son — aft. 
 
 Foscarini, Mark. Venetian Statesman 1696. . 
 
 Foscarini, Michael. Venetian Historian 1632. . 
 
 Foschini, Anthony. Italian Architect 1741 • • 
 
 Foscolo, Nicolo Ugo. Ital. Poet. L. by C Gemelli, 1849 1777 • • 
 
 Fossati, Dominic. Italian Painter i743- • 
 
 Fosse, Anthony de la. Fr. Traged. ( Manlius CapitoUnus) 1653 . . 
 
 Fosse, Charles de la. French Painter 1640. . 
 
 Fossombroni, Victor. Italian Mathematician 1754- • 
 
 Foster, Henry. Navigator 1 797 . . 
 
 Foster, Dr. James. Dissenting Preacher 1697. . 
 
 Foster, John. Essayist. Life by Ryland and Shepherd 1770. . 
 
 Foster, John, of Liverpool. Architect 1786. . 
 
 Foster, Rev. John, of Eton. (Accent and Quantity) 1731 . . 
 
 Foster, Sir Mich. Judge. Life by Michael Dodson, 1795 1689. . 
 
 Foster, Samuel. Gresham Professor of Astronomy — . . 
 
 Foster, Stephen C. Musical Composer 1826. . : 
 
 FothergUl, Geo., d. d., of St. Edmund's Hall. '' Sermons) 1705 .. : 
 
 Fothergill, John. Physician and Writer. Life by Gil- 
 bert Thompson, 1782 ; Lettsom, 1783 1712. . 
 
 Fothergill, Samuel. Quaker Controversialist 1705'- 
 
 Foucault, Nicholas Joseph. French Antiquary. Life by 
 
 self, and F. Baudry, 1862 1643. • 
 
 Fouch.6, Joseph, Duke of Otranto. French Revolutionist 1763. . 
 
 Foucher, Simon. French Writer 1644. . 
 
 Fouchier, Bertram de. Dutch Painter 1609. . 
 
 Fouchs, or Fux, John Joseph. German Musical Writer 1660?. 
 
 Foucquet, Chas. Louis Aug., Duke of Belle-Isle. Marshal 1684 . . 
 
 Foucquet, Nicholas, Marquis of Belle-Isle. Superin- 
 tendent of Finances 1615. . 
 
 Fougeroux, Augustus Denis. French Writer 1732. . 
 
 Fouillou, James. French Jansenist Writer 1670. . 
 
 Foulis, Andrew, of Glasgow. Printer — . . 
 
 Foulis, Robert, brother and colleague : — . . 
 
 Foulon, John Erard. Flemish Theolog. and Hist. Writer 1609. . 
 
 Fovilon, William. Gnaphmus. Dutch Latin Writer .... 1493 . . 
 
 Foulston, John, of Plymouth. Architect 1773'. 
 
 Fountaine, Sir Andrew. Antiquarv, Collector, and Writ. 1680^ . 
 
 Fouqu6, Fred. Henry Charles de la* Motte, Baron. {Sin- 
 tram ; Undine) 'i'777 • • 
 
 Fouqu6, Henry Aug. de la Motte, Baron. Prussian Gen. 1698. . 
 
 Fouquieres, James. Flemish Landscape Painter 1580. . 
 
 Fouquier-Tinville, Anth. Quentin. Fr. Revolutionist. 1747.. 
 
 Fourcrpy, Anth. Francis de, Ct. Fr. Chem. «& Nat. Philos. 1755 . . 
 
 Fourcrby, Charles Rend de. French Officer and Engineer 1 7 1 5 . . 
 
 Fourier, Francis Mary Chas. French Socialist 1772. . 
 
 Fourier, J. Bapt. Jos. Fr. Nat. Phil. ( Theo. de la Chdleur) 1 768 . . 
 
 Fourmont, Claude Louis. {Heliopolis and Memphis) .... 1703. . 
 
 856 
 842 
 842 
 
 457 
 457 
 763 
 692 
 803 
 827 
 784 
 708 
 716 
 844 
 831 
 753 
 843 
 846 
 
 773 
 763 
 652 
 864 
 760 
 
 780 
 
 772 
 
 721 
 
 820 
 
 696 
 
 674 
 
 740? 
 
 761 
 
 680 
 789 
 73^ 
 774 
 776 
 668 
 568 
 842 
 753 
 
 843 
 774 
 659 
 
 795 
 809 
 791 
 837 
 830 
 780 
 
 It 
 
164 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Pourmont, Michael. Collector of Inscriptions 1690. . 1 746 
 
 Pourmont, Stephen. French Orientalist 1683 . .1745 
 
 Pournier, Peter Simon. Fr. Engraver and Typefounder 1712. .1768 
 Fourquevaux, Raymond of Pavia, Bn. of. Gen. & Writ. 1509 .. 1574 
 
 Fowler, Christopher. Ejected Nonconformist 1611 . . 1676 
 
 Fowler, Edw. B p. of Gloucester. {Design of Christianity) 1632.. 1714 
 
 Fowler, John. Printer and Writer 1530^ • i579 
 
 Fowler, Richard. English Physician and Author 1765 . . 1833 
 
 Fowler, Thomas. Medical Writer 1736. . 1801 
 
 Fowler, William. Scottish Poet ; . . . fl. 1603 
 
 Fox, Charles James. Statesman. Life hy R. Fell, 1808 ; 
 
 J. B. Trotter, 1811; Lord J. Russell 1749. .1806 
 
 Fox, Edward. Bishop of Hereford. Statesman — • • 1538 
 
 Fox, Rev. Francis, of Reading. [New Test. Explained) — ..1738 
 Fox, George. Quaker. Life by J. S. Watson; Josiah 
 
 Marsh, 1847 1624. . 1690 
 
 Fox, Henry, First Lord Holland. Statesman 1705 . .1774 
 
 Fox, Henry Watson. Missionary. L. by Geo. T. Fox, 1850 1817. .1848 
 
 Fox, John. Martyrologist. {Book of 'Martyrs) 1517..1587 
 
 Fox, Luke. Navigator. ( The North- West Fox) 1585 .aft.163? 
 
 Fox, Richard. Bishop of Winchester. Statesman 1466'. 1528 
 
 Fox,- Sir Stephen. Statesman 1627. .1716 
 
 Fox, Wm. Johnson, m. p. Unitarian Preacher and Author 1786. . 1864 
 
 Foy, Maximilian Sebastian. French General i775- .1825 
 
 Fra Bartolomeo di St. Marco. Baccio della Porta. 
 
 Italian Painter 1469. .1517 
 
 Fracastorius, Hieronymus, of Verona. Poet, Philosopher, 
 
 Astronomer, Physician. {Syphilis) 1483. -1553 
 
 Frachetta, Jerome. Ital. Polit. Writer. {II SeminaHo) 1560?. 1620 
 
 Fra Diavolo. Michael Pezza. Neapolitan Bandit 1769?. 1806 
 
 Fraguier, Claude Francis, Abb^. Critic & Writ, on Music 1666. .1728 
 Frainery> Nicholas Stephen. French Musician and Poet 1745. -1810 
 
 Francesca, Peter Borghese della. Italian Painter 1398?. 1483 
 
 Franceschini, Baldassare. Volterrano. Painter 1621 . . 1689 
 
 Franceschioi, Mark Anthony. Historical Painter 1648. . 1 728 
 
 Francescina, Signora. Italian Singer fl. 1740? 
 
 Franclii, Anthony. Painter of Lucca 1634. . 1 709 
 
 Franchiaus, Gatfurius, of Lodi. Writer on Music 145 1 . . 1522 
 
 Francia, Francesco. Raibolini. Painter. Life by Calvi 1450. .1518 
 
 Francia, James, son. Painter — . .1557 
 
 Francia, Dr. Jos. Caspar Rodriguez. Dictat. of Paraguay 1 75 7 ^ 1 840 
 Franciabigio, Mark Anthony. Italian Historical Painter 1483. .1524 
 Francis I. King of France (1515-47). Life by Varillas; 
 
 Capefigue; Miss Pardoe; G. H. Gaillard, 1769 1494. .1547 
 
 Francis II. (1559-60). 1543. .1560 
 
 Francis I. Emperor of Germany ( 1745-65 ). Of Lorraine 1 708 . . 1 765 
 Francis II. of Germany (1792-1804) ; I. of Austria (1804- 
 
 1835) 1768. . 1835 
 
 Francis, De Jesu Maria. Spanish Carmelite. ( On the 
 
 Apocalypse) — . . 1677 
 
 "Fraxiois, ne Victoria. Dominican. {Theol. Proelectiones) — .-1549 
 
 Francis, John Charles. French Engraver t^I^I • • 1769 
 
 Francis, John Wakefield. Amer. Physician and Author 1789. .1861 
 Francis, Lawrence. Abb^. French Christian Apologist 1698. .1782 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 165 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Francis, Luke, of Mechlin. Painter i574- -1643 
 
 Francis, Luke, son. The Young. Painter 1606''. 1654 
 
 Francis, Rev. Philip, d. d. Poet, Transl. of Horace, &c. — . -^773 
 
 Francis, Sir Philip, son. Politician and Writer 1740- .1818 
 
 Francis, Simon, of Tours. Portrait Painter 1606. .1671 
 
 Francis Romain. Architect and Engineer of Ghent . . . 1646''. 1735 
 
 Francis, St. De Bor<jia. Spanish Jesuit 1510, . 1572 
 
 Francis, St. D'Assisi. Life by Ph. Arrighetti; Chavin 
 
 de Malan; St. Bonaventure; Peter d'Alva 1182. . 1226 
 
 Francis, St. Be Paulo. Founder of Fratres Minimi. . . 1416. .1507 
 
 Francis, St. De Sales. Life by Marsollier 1567 . . 1622 
 
 Francis Xavier, St. Missionary. See Xavier 1506. .1552 
 
 Francius, Peter. Dutch Greek and Latin Poet 1645 . .1704 
 
 Franck von Franckenau, George de. German Scholar 
 
 and Physician 1643. .1704 
 
 Francke, August Hermann, of Halle. Lutheran Divine. 
 
 Founder of Orphan House ._ ._ 1663. . 1727 
 
 Francken, Christian. Ger.Writ. ( Colloquium Jesuiticum) 1549.aft.1595 
 Franckenstein, Christian Godfrey, of Leipsic, Writer. . 1661 . . 1717 
 
 Franckenstein, James Augustus, son. Writer 1689, .1733 
 
 Francklin, Thomas, D. d. Miscellaneous Writer 1721 . .1784 
 
 Francks, or Francken, Francis. Old. Flemish Painter. 1544. .1616 
 Francks, or Francken, Francis. Young. Flemish Painter 1580. . 1642 
 Francks, or Vranx, J. Baptist. Dutch Historical Painter 1600. .1653 
 
 Franco. Magister. German Writer on Music — aft 1083 
 
 Franco, Baptist. Painter of Venice 1498 . . 1 561 
 
 Franco, Nicholas. Italian Satirist 1505 . . 1569 
 
 Fran9ois. See Francis. 
 
 Frangois de NeufcMteau, Nich., Ct. Writer & Polit. 1750.. .1828 
 
 Franconi, Anthon}"-. Equestrian Artist 1738. . 1836 
 
 Francowitz, Matthias. Flacius Illyricus. Luth. Divine 1520. .1575 
 Frank, John Pet. Ger. Phys. {Systeme de Police' Medicale) 1745. . 1821 
 
 Frankland, Thomas. Physician and Historian 1633. .1690 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin. Philosopher. Life by self and W. 
 T. Franklin, 1817; J. Sparks, 1840; self and H. H. 
 
 Weld, 1849 1706. .1790 
 
 Franklin, Mrs. Eleanor Anne (ne'e Porden). Authoress . . 1795 . . 1825 
 Franklin, Sir John, Rear-Adrairal. Arctic Navigator. . . 1786. .1847? 
 Franklin, William, son of Benjamin. Last Royal Gov- 
 ernor of New Jersey 1731 ? . 1813 
 
 Franks, John Baptist. Painter of Antwerp 1600. .1653 
 
 Franks, Sebastian. Painter of Antwerp 1573?. 1636 
 
 Frantzius, Wolfgang. German Lutheran Divine 1564. . 1628 
 
 Franzen, Francis Michael. Swedish Poet 1772. . 1847 
 
 Fraser, Alexander. Painter 1787?. 1865 
 
 Fraser, James Baillie. Traveler and Novehst 1783. . 1856 
 
 Fraser, Simon, Ld. Lovat. Scottish Jacobite. Beheaded. 1667. .1747 
 
 Frasi, Julia. Italian Singer fl. i8th c. 
 
 Frassen, Claude. Doctor of the Sorbonne 1620. .1711 
 
 Fratellini, Giovanna. Florentine Painter? 1666. .1731 
 
 Fratellini, Lawrence Mary, son. Painter 1690. .1729 
 
 Fraunh.ofer, Joseph von. Bavarian Optician 1787. • 1826 
 
 Frayssinous, Denis Luc, Count. French Prelate 1765 . . 1841 
 
 Fredegarius. French Historian fl. 658 
 
166 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN'. DIED. 
 
 Pr6d6gonde. Queen of Chilperic, of France 545 ? . 596 
 
 Frederic, Colonel, son of Theodore, K. of Corsica. Writer 1730? . 1797 
 Frederick I. Emperor (1152-90). Barharossa. Life by 
 
 Cosmo Bartoli 1121..1190 
 
 Frederick II. (1210-50.) Life by Knighton, 1862 1194. . 1250 
 
 Frederick (III. ), elected 1314 ; conipet. of Louis of Bavaria — . .1330 
 
 Frederick III. (1440-1493.) The Pacific 1415 . . 1493 
 
 Frederick I. King of Denmark (1523-33) 1471 . . 1533 
 
 Frederick II. (1558-88) 1534.. 1588 
 
 Frederick III. (1648-70) 1609. . 1670 
 
 Frederick IV. (1699-1730) 1671 . . 1730 
 
 Frederick V. (1746-66) 1723. .1766 
 
 Frederick VI. (1808-39) 1768. .1839 
 
 Frederick VII. (1848-63) 1808. . 1863 
 
 Frederick V. Elector Palatine. Winter King. Son-in- 
 law of James 1 1596. .1632 
 
 Frederick ^William. Elector of Brandenburg. Great 
 
 Elector. Life by Puflfendorf 1620. . 1688 
 
 Frederick I. King of Prussia (1701-13) 1657 . . 1713 
 
 Frederick "William I. (1713-40) 1688. .1740 
 
 Frederick II. (1740-86.) The Great. Life by Dr. J. 
 Towers, 1788; Lord Dover, 1832; Thomas Campbell, 
 1841; T. B. Macaulay; Segur; KIopp; T. Carlyle .... 1 712. .1786 
 
 Frederick William II. (1786-97) 1744. .1797 
 
 Frederick "William III. (1797-1840) 1770. .1840 
 
 Frederick William IV. (1840-58) 1795 • • 1861 
 
 Frederick. Elector of Saxony. The Wise 1463. -1554 
 
 Frederick Augustus I. King of Poland and Elector 
 
 of Saxony (1697-1733) 1670. .1733 
 
 Frederick Augustus II. (1733-63) 1696. .1733 
 
 Frederick. Pr. of Wales. Life by Dr. J. Campbell, 1751 1707. .1751 
 
 Fredro, Maximilian. Polish Writer — . . 1676 
 
 Freeling, Sir" Francis. Secretary to the Post-Office 1764^.1836 
 
 Freeman, James, d. d. American Unitarian Minister . . 1759. . 1835 
 
 Freeman, John. Painter ti. Chas. 11. 
 
 Fregoso, Baptist. Dogeof Genoa (1478). Writer fl. 1478 
 
 Freher, Marquard. German Jurist 1565 . . 1614 
 
 Freigius, John Thomas. German Scholar — • • 158;: 
 
 Freind, John, m. d. English Medical Writer ^^^S" • ^^2^ 
 
 Freinsheim, or Freinshemius, John. German Critic. . . . 1608. .1660 
 
 Freire de Andrada, Hyacinth. Portuguese Writer 1597. • 1657 
 
 Freitag, John. German Medical Writer 1581 , . 1641 ^ 
 
 Freke, William. Socinian Writer 1663. .17461 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Theod. American Statesman & Scholar 1787. .1862] 
 
 Fr6minet, Martin. French Painter 1567. . 1619J 
 
 Fr6mont d'Ablancovirt, Nicholas. French Historian , . 1625^1693] 
 
 Frend, William. Mathematician i757- • 1841 : 
 
 Freneau, Philip. American Poet and Journalist 1752. •i832| 
 
 Frenicle de Bessy, Bernard. French Mathematician . . 1605* .1675I 
 
 Frere, John, m. p., f. k. ^., f. s. a. Antiquary — . . 1807 
 
 Frere, John Hookham. Poet and Diplomatist 1769- • 18461 
 
 Freres, Theodore. Dutch Painter 1643 . . 1695J 
 
 Fr6ret, Nicholas. French Antiquary and Chronologist. . 1688. . 1749I 
 Fr6ron, Elias Catherine. French Critic 1719. .177^1 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOITARY. 167 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Pr6ron, Louis Stanislaus, son. French Revolutionist i757- .1802 
 
 Frescobaldi, Jerome. Italian Musical Composer 1587''. 1654? 
 
 Fresnaye, John Vauquelin de la. French Poet i534- -1606 
 
 Fresne, Charles du Cange du. French Antiquary 1610. . 1688 
 
 Fresnel, Augustine John. French Experimental Philos.. 1788. .1827 
 Fresnoy, Charles Alphonse du. French Painter and Poet. 
 
 Life by Wills and Mason 1611 . . 1665 
 
 Fresny, Charles Riviere du. French Poet 1648 .. 1 724 
 
 Fr6teau de St. Just, Emanuel M. M. P. French Polit. . 1745 . -1794 
 Frey, John Cecil. German Physician and Greek Scholar. 1580''. 1631 
 
 Frey, John James. Swiss Engraver 1681 . .1752 
 
 Freycinet, Louis Claude Desaulsesde. French Navigator 1779. .1842 
 Freytag, Frederick Theophilus, of Nuremberg. Scholar. 1723. .1776 
 
 Frezier, Amadaeus Francis. French Mathematician 1682. .1773 
 
 Friehe, or Frische, James de. Fr. Benedictine. Writer 1640. .1693 
 
 Fries, Jacob Fred. German Philosopher i773- • 1843 
 
 Frisbie, Levi. American Writer , 1784 . . 1822 
 
 Frisch., John Leonard. German Naturalist and Divine. . 1666. .1743 
 
 Frischlein, Nicodemus. German Critic and Poet i547' -1590 
 
 Frischmutli, John. Theologian of Jena 1619. . 1687 
 
 Frisi, Paul, of Milan. Mathematician 1728. . 1784 
 
 Frisius, Henry. Scholar of Zurich. (De Sede Animce) . . — ..1718 
 
 Frisius, or Fries, John. OrientaUst of Zurich 1505 • .1565 
 
 Frith, John. Protestant MartjT — . . 1533 
 
 Fritz, Samuel. German Roman Catholic Missionary. . . . 1650. .1730 
 
 Frizon, Peter. French Historian and Theologian — . .1651? 
 
 Froben, John. German Printer 1460. .1527 
 
 Frobisher, Sir Martin. Navigator — . . 1594 
 
 Froebel, Fred. German Educator; Founder of Kinder- 
 garten Schools 1782. .1852 
 
 Froelich, Erasmus. Mathematician and Medalist 1700. .1758 
 
 Froidmont, Libert. Dutch Biblical Commentator 1587. .1653 
 
 Froissart, John. Historian. L. by St. Palaye, tr. by Johnes 1337 . . 1410? 
 Fromage, Peter. French Jesuit Missionary in the Levant 1678. .1740 
 
 Fronteau, John. French Writer 1614. . 1662 
 
 Frontinus, Sext. Julius. (Strategemeia; De Aquceductibus) — A.D.106' 
 
 Fronto, M. Cornelius. Roman Rhetorician — aft. 166 
 
 Frost, John. American Revolutionary General 1738. .1810 
 
 Froude, Rev. Richard Hm-rell. Anglo-Catholic Divine . . 1803.. 1836 
 
 Frowde, Philip. Poet 1680?. 1738 
 
 Frugord, Charles Innocent. Italian Poet 1692 . .1768 
 
 Fnunentius, St. Apostle of EtJdopia — . . 360? 
 
 Fry, Caroline (afterwards Wilson). ( The Listener.) L.by self 1787. . — 
 
 Fry, Edmund, m. d. Type Founder — . . 1835 
 
 Fry, Mrs. Elizabeth. Philanthropist. Life by Daughters, 
 
 1847; Rev. T. Timpson, 1847 1780.. 1845 
 
 Fry> John, m. p. Socinian Writer — . . 1650 
 
 Fry, Wm. Henry. Amer. Musical Composer and Editor. 1815. .1864 
 Frye, Thomas. Irish Designer and Mezzotint Engraver, . 1710..1762 
 
 Fryth, or Frith, John. Protestant Martyr — . .1533 
 
 Fuca, John de. Apostolos Valerianos. Spanish Navigator — . . 1632 
 Fuchs, or Fuchsius, Leonard. Ger. Phys. and Botanist 1501. .1566 
 Fuentes, Peter Henry d'Azevedo, Count of. Spanish 
 
 General and Statesman 1560. . 1643 
 
168 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Fuessli, John Gaspar. The Elder. Swiss Paint. See Fuseli 1 706 . . 1 781 
 
 Fuger, Frederick Henry. German Painter 1751..1818 
 
 Fugger, Ulrich. German Scholar and Collector of MSS. 1526. .1584 
 
 Fulbert. Bishop of Chartres. Theologian 950'' . 1028 
 
 Fulda, Charles Frederick. Ger. Hist., Antiq., Philologist 1724. .1788 
 
 Fulgentius, St. African Bishop ; Writer 468?. 533 
 
 Fidke, William, D. D. Divine 1540.. 1589 
 
 Fuller, Andrew. Baptist Divine. Life by Dr. Ryland. . 1754. .1815 
 
 Fuller, Isaac. Painter — . . 1672 
 
 Fuller, Nicholas. {Miscellanea Theohgica) i557- .1622 
 
 Fuller, Sarah Margaret, Marchioness of Ossoli. American 
 
 Writer. Life by Clarke, Emerson, and Channing, 1852 1810. .1850 
 Fuller, Thos. ( Church History.) L. by A. T. Russell, 1844 1608. . 1661 
 Fulton, Robert. American Inventor and Civil Engineer. 
 
 Life by C D. Golden, 1817 1765 . . 1815 
 
 Funccius, or Fmick, John Nicholas. German Philologist 1693. •'^777 
 Funck, John. German Divine and Biographer. Beheaded 15 18. ,1566 
 Funes, Gregory, of La Plata. Patriot & Historical Writer — . .1820 
 Furetiere, Anthony. Philologist. {Diction. JJniversel) . . 1620.. 1688 
 
 Furini, Francis. Painter of Florence 1604. . 1646 
 
 Furius, Frederick. Coeriolanus. Spanish Historian 1510?. 1592 
 
 Furneaux, Dr. Philip. Dissenting Divine 1726. .1783 
 
 Furst, Walter. Swiss Patriot fi. 1307 
 
 Fiirstemberg, Ferdinand de. ( Monumen. Paderbornensia) 1626 . . 1683 
 
 Fursteneau, John Hermann. Medical Writer 1688. .1756 
 
 Fuseli, or Fuessli, Henry. Painter. Life by Knowles . . 1742?. 1825 
 Fuseli, John Gaspar. Swiss Artist. {Helvetic Painters) 1706.. 1781 
 Fusi, Anthony. Doct. of the Sorbonne ; Protest. Convert 1 565 '• . aft. 1633 
 Fuss, Nicholas von. Mathemat. and Natural Philosopher 1755 . . 1826 
 
 Fust, John. One of the Inventors of Printing — . . 1470? 
 
 Fux, or Fouchs, John Joseph. German Musical Composer 1660?. 1740? 
 
 Fuzelier, Louis. French Dramatist 1672. .1752 
 
 Fyot de la Marche, Claude, Ct. of Bosjam. French Hist. 1630 .. 172 1 
 FytjJohn. DutchPainter 1625. .1671 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 169 
 
 G. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Oaal, Barent. Dutch Landscape Painter 1650 . . 1671 
 
 Gabbiani, Anthony Dominic. Florentine Painter 1652. .1726 
 
 Gabinius, Auhis. Consul : defended by Cicero — B.C. 48? 
 
 Gabriel, James. French Architect and Engineer 1667. .1742 
 
 Gabrielli, Cattarina. Italian Singer 1730. .1796 
 
 Gabrini, Nicholas. Rienzi. Reformer at Rome 131-3 . . 1354 
 
 Gacon, Francis. French Poet and Satu-ist 1667 . . 1 725 
 
 Gadbviry, John. Astrologer 1627. .1692? 
 
 Gaddesden, John of. Phys. and Philos. {Rosa Anglica) fi. 1320? 
 
 Gaddi, Angelo. Painter 1324. .1387 
 
 Gaddi, Gaddo. Italian Painter in Mosaic 1239. .1312 
 
 Gaddi, Taddeo. Florentine Painter 1300 . . 1352' 
 
 Gadebuscti, Frederick Conrad. Ger. "Writer on Livonia. 1719. .1788 
 Gadsden, Christopher. Amer. Revolutionary Statesman. 1724.. 1805 
 
 Gadsden, Christopher Edwards, d. d., grandson 1785 . . 1852 
 
 Gadsden, James. American Statesman 1 788 . . 1858 
 
 Gaelen, Alexander van. Dutch Painter 1670. .1728 
 
 Gaertner, or Gartner, Frederick von. Architect 1792. .1847 
 
 Gaertner, or Gartner, John Andrew. German Arcliitect 1743. -1826 
 
 Gaertner, Joseph. German Botanist 1 732 . . 1 791 
 
 Gaetano. Scipio Pulgeone. Florentine Painter 1550- .1588 
 
 Gaffarell, James. French Hebraist and Astrologer 1601 . . 1681 
 
 Gaffurius, or Gaforio. See Franchinus 1451- .1522 
 
 Gage, Thomas. Missionary. {Survey of the West Indies) ii,<)y'i .16^^ 
 
 Gage, Thomas. British General in America — . .1787 
 
 Gagern, John Christopher Ernest, Baron von. States- 
 man and Writer 1766. . 1852 
 
 Gagnier, John. Arabic Professor at Oxford 1670?. 1740 
 
 Gaguin, Robert. Fr. Historian. {De Gestis Francorum). 1^2^'^. izoi 
 
 Gahn, John Theodore. Swedish Mineralogist 1745 • • ^°^^ 
 
 Gaigny, or Gagny, John. French Theologian — . .1549 
 
 Gaillard, Gabriel Henry. French Historian and Publicist 1726. .1806 
 
 Gaillard, John Ernest. Musical Composer. . . ! 1687. .1749 
 
 Gainas. Gothic General of Arcadius. , — . . 400 
 
 Gaines, Edm. Pendleton. American General I777- .1849 
 
 Gainsborough, Thomas. Painter. Life by Thicknesse, 
 
 1788; Fulcher, 1856 1727.. 1788 
 
 Gaisford, Thomas. Dean of Christ Church. Critic 1780. .1855 
 
 Gains. See Caius. 
 
 Galadin, Mahomet. Emperor of the Moguls — . . 1605 
 
 Galanino. Balthasar Amsi. Italian Painter 1 5 78 . . 1638 
 
 Galantini, Hippolytus. Cappuccino ^ Prete Getvovese. Pa. 1627.. 1706 
 
 Galas, Matthew. Imperial Commander 1 589 . . 1647 
 
 Galateo, Anthony. Italian Physician 1444. . 1517 
 
 GaLatin, Peter. Franciscan. (De Arcanis CathoKcce 
 
 Veritatis) fl. ^$3°^ 
 
 Galba. Emperor of Rome (68-69) B.c.3. . A.D.69 
 
 Gale, John. Baptist Writer. {Reflections on Wall) 1680. .1721 
 
 Gale, Roger. Antiquary. {Honor on Richmond) 1672. .1744 
 
 Gale, Samuel, brother. ' Antiquary 1682. > 1754 
 
170 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gale, Theophilus. Nonconf. Div. {Courtof the Gentiles) J62S. .i6yS 
 Gale, Thomas, d. d. Editor of Hist. AnglicmuB Scriptores 1636. .1702 
 
 Galeano, Joseph, of Palermo. Medical Writer 1605. .1675 
 
 Galen, Christopher Bernard von. Bishop of Munster. 
 
 German General and Statesman 1605 . . 1678 
 
 Galen, Claudius. Medical, Philolog., and Philos. Writer. 130. . 200 
 
 Galen, Matthew. Theologian at Doua-y — • •i573 
 
 Galeotti, Nicholas. Italian Jesuit ; Writer 1692. .1758 
 
 Galerius. Roman Emperor (305-11) — . . 311 
 
 Gales, Joseph. American Journalist 1760. . 1841 
 
 Galiani, Ferdinand. Abb^. ( Traite sur les Monnaies.) 
 
 Life by Louis Deodati, 1788 1728. .1787 
 
 Galilei, Galileo. Astronomer. Life by Viviari; Nelli, 
 
 1793; Venturi, 1818; Libri, 1841 ; Marini ; Drinkwater 
 
 Bethune; Brewster; Chasles, 1862 1564. .1642 
 
 Galilei, Vincent. Florentine Writ. {Dialogo della Musica) 1533''. — 
 
 Gall, Francis Joseph. German Phrenologist 1758. . 1828 
 
 Galland, Anthony. Orient. Transl. of Arabian Nights. 1646. .1715 
 Galland, Augustus. French Genealogist and Archivist.. — . .1644? 
 
 Gallatin, Albert. American Statesman 1761 . . 1849 
 
 Gallaudet, Rev. Thomas Hopkins. American Teacher of 
 
 Deaf and Dumb 1787. .1851 
 
 Galle, or Gallaeus, Servatius, of Haarlem. Scholar. . 1630?. 1709 
 
 Gallienus. Roman Emperor (253-268) ,218?. 268 
 
 GaUio, Junius. Proconsul of Achaia ' — .. 65 
 
 Gallitzin, Demetrius Augustine. Russian Noblem. & Miss. 1 770 . . 1840 
 
 Galloclie, Louis. French Painter 1670. .1761 
 
 GaUois, Chas. Andrew Gustavus L^on. Fr. Publicist. . . 1789. .1851 
 
 Gallois, John. French Critic 1632. .1707 
 
 Gallonius, Anthony. (i)e Martyrum Cruciatibus) — . . 1605 
 
 Galloway, Joseph. American Loyalist 1730' . 1803 
 
 Gallucci, Angelo. Italian Scholar. {De Belh Belgico). 1593.. 1674 
 
 Gallucci, John Paul. Italian Astronomer fl. 1593 
 
 Gallucci, Tarquinius. Italian Scholar. ( Virgiliance In- 
 
 dicationes) i574' • 1649 
 
 Gallup, Jos. Adam. American Physician and Author . . . 1769. . 1849 
 
 GaUus, C. Cornelius. Roman Poet 66 or 9 B.c.26 
 
 Gaily, Rev. Henry, d. d. Scholar 1696. .1769 
 
 Gait, John. Novelist. {Autobiography) 1779- . 1839 
 
 Galuppi, Balthasar. Buranello. Musical Composer. ... 1703. .1785 
 
 Galvani, Louis. Discoverer of Galvanism 1 737 . . 1 798 
 
 Gama, Joseph Basil de. Brazilian Poet. (Z' Uragtiay).. 1740. .1795 
 Gama, Vasco da. Navigator: doubled Cape of Good Hope 1469?. 1525 
 
 Gamaches, Philip de. French Theologian 1568. . 1625 
 
 Gamaches, Stephen Simon. Philolog. and Nat. Philos. 1672.. 1756 
 
 Gambara, Lorenzo. Latin Poet. ( Columbus) 1506. .1596 
 
 Gambara, Veronica. Italian Poetess 1485 . . 1550 
 
 Gambier, Jas., Lord. Admiral. L. by Lady Chatterton 1756. .1833 
 
 Gambold, John. Moravian Bishop 1710. .1771 
 
 Gandon, James. Architect. ( Vitruvim Britannicus) . . . 1741'. 1824 
 
 Gandy. Architect. See Deering 1780. . 1850 
 
 Gandy, James. Painter 1619. . 1689 
 
 Ganganelli, John Vincent Anthony. Pope Clement XIV. 1 705 . . 1 774 
 Ganilh, Charles. French Economist 175° • • 1S36 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 171 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gannal, John Nicholas. French Chemist 1791 . . 1852 
 
 Gans, Edward. German Jurist. {Das Erbrechi) 1798 . . 1839 
 
 Garamond, Claude. Fr. Engraver and Letter Founder. . — . . 1561 
 Garasse, Francis. Jesuit Preacher and Controversialist . . 1585 . . 1631 
 Garat, Dominic Joseph. Fr. Metaphysician and Publicist 1749. . 1833 
 
 Garay, John. Hungarian Poet 1812. . 1853 
 
 Garbieri, Lorenzo. Painter of Bologna 1580. . 1654 
 
 Garbo, Raphael del. Florentine Painter 1476 . . 1 534 
 
 Gar9arri, Peter Anthony Correa. Portuguese Poet 1724. .1772 
 
 Garcia, Manuel de Populo Vicente. Span. Mus. Composer 1775 . . 1832 
 Garcilasso de la Vega, or Garcias Lasso. Spanish Poet 1503. .1536 
 
 Garcilasso de la Vega. Inca. {History of Peru) 1530.. 1568 
 
 Garczynski, Stephen. Writer on Poland — • -^ISS 
 
 Garden, Alexander, m. d. Botanist and Zoologist . . 1730. .1791 
 
 Garden, Peter. Scottish Centenarian 1644?. 1775 
 
 Gardin Dumesnil, John Baptist. {Synonymes Latines) . . 1720. . 1802 
 Gardiner, Allen Francis. Commander, b. n. Missionary 
 
 to Patagonia. Life by J. W. Marsh i794- • 1851 
 
 Gardiner, James. Colonel. Life by Doddridge 1688 . . 1745 
 
 Gardiner, John. American Advocate ^TZ''^- '^793 
 
 Gardiner, John Sylvester John, son. Clergyman & Writ. 1775 . . 1830 
 
 Gardiner, Stephen. Bishop of Winchester 1483. .1555 
 
 Gardiner, William. Musical Writer 1770. . 1853 
 
 Gardner, Alan, Lord. Admiral 1742. . 1809 
 
 Garengeot, Ren^ James Croissant de. French Surgeon 1688. .1759 
 
 Garet, John, of St. Maur. Editor of Cassiodorus 1627. . 1694 
 
 Garissoles, Anthony. French Divine 1587 . . 1650 
 
 Garland, Hugh A. American Author and Politician. . . . 1805 . .1854 
 
 Garlande, John de. Norman Writer — aft.1081 
 
 Garnerin, Andrew James. French Aeronaut 1769. . 1823 
 
 Garnet, Henry. Jesuit Conspirator i555 • • 1606 
 
 Garnet, Thomas, m. d. Writer on Chera. and Nat. Phil. 1766. .1802 
 Garnett, Jas. Mercer. Amer. Polit., Agriculturist, & Writ. 1770 . . 1843 
 
 Garnier, Charles George Thomas. French Author 1746. .1795 
 
 Garnier, Germain. French Political Economist i754- • 1821 
 
 Garnier, John. French Jesuit ; Writer 1612 . . 1681 
 
 Garnier, John James. French Historian 1729 . . 1805 
 
 Garnier, Robert. French Tragic Poet i534- -1590 
 
 Garnier, Stephen Bartholomew. French Painter I759-- 1849 
 
 Garnier Pages, Steph. Jos. Louis. Fr. Publicist & Orator 1801 . . 1841 
 
 Garofalo, II. Benvenuto Tisio, of Fei-rara. Painter 1481. .1559 
 
 Garrard, Mark. Flemish Painter in England 1561 . . 1635 
 
 Garrick, David. Tragedian. Life by Tom Davies, 1780 ; 
 
 A. Murphy, 1801 1716. .1779 
 
 Garriel, or Gariel, Peter, of Montpellier. Historian 1583?. 1670? 
 
 Garsaxilt, Francis Alexander. Fr. Writer on the Horse 1693'. 1778 
 Garth, Sir Samuel. Physician and Poet. {Dispensary).. — .•1719 
 Gartner. See Gaertner. 
 
 Garve, Christian. German Philosophical Writer 1742. .1798 
 
 Garzi, Louis. Italian Painter 1638. .1721 
 
 Garzoni, Thomas. Ital. AVriter. {La Piazza Universale) 1549.. 1589 
 
 Gascoigne, George. Poet 1536"'. 1577 
 
 Gascoigne, Sir William. Lord Chief Justice 1350?. 1413 
 
 Gasooygne, William. Inventor of Micrometer 1621?. 1644 
 
172 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. 
 
 Gaskell, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Cleghorne. English Au- 
 thoress. {Mary Barton) 1820? 
 
 Gasparini, Francis. Italian Musical Composer 1665? 
 
 Gasparino. Barziza. Italian Restorer of Learning 1370'' 
 
 Gasse, Louis. Architect 1778 . 
 
 Gasse, Stephen, twin brother. Italian Architect 1778. 
 
 Gassendi, Peter. Math, and Philos. L. by Bourgerelle 1592. 
 Gassicourt, Charles Louis Cadet de. Fr. Natural Philos. 1769. 
 Gassion, John de. Marshal of Fr. Life by T. Renaudot 1609 . 
 
 Gassman, Florian. German Musical Composer 1729. 
 
 Gast, John, d. d. Irish Writ. {Rudiments oj Grecian Hist. ) 1 71 5 . 
 
 Gastaldi, John Baptist. French Medical Writer 1674. 
 
 Gaston, William. American Jui-ist and Statesman 1778. 
 
 Gaston de Foix, Duke de Nemours. Governor of Milan. 1488 . 
 Gaston, of France, John Baptist, Duke of Orleans ; oppo- 
 nent of Richelieu 1608. 
 
 Gastrell, Francis. Bp. of Chester. Controversial Divine 1662, 
 
 Gataker, Charles. Controversial Divine 1614'' 
 
 Gataker, Thomas. Divine and Critic i574- 
 
 Gates, Horatio. American Commander 1728. 
 
 Gatterer, John Christopher. German Historian 1727. 
 
 Gatti, Bernardine. // Soiaro. Italian Painter 1495'' 
 
 Gattinara, Mercurino Arborio, Count di. ItaUan Jurist. . 1465 . 
 
 Gattly, Alfred. Sculptor — . 
 
 Gaubil, Anthony. French Missionar}'^ to China 1689. 
 
 Gaubius, Jerome David. Medical Writer at Leyden 1705 . 
 
 Gaud, or Goud, Henry, Ct. van. Pa. & Engrav. of Utrecht 1585 . 
 Gauden, John. Bp. of Wore (1662). { Eikon Basilike'?) i6oi). 
 
 Gaudentio, of Milan. Ferrari. Historical Painter 1484. 
 
 Gaudentius, St. Bishop of Brescia — 410 or 27 
 
 Gaudenzio, Paganin. Italian Scholar 1596. . 
 
 Gaudichaud Beaupr6, Charles. French Botanist 1780. . 
 
 Gaudin, Mart. Mich. Chas., Duke of Gaeta. Fr. Statesm. 1756. . 
 
 Gauli, John Baptist. Baciccio. Painter of Genoa 1639. . 
 
 Gaulmin, Gilbert. French Writer 1585 . . 
 
 Gaviltier, Aloisius Edw. Camillus. Fr. Educational Writ. 1746. . 
 
 Gaupp, John. Mathematician of Lindau 1667. . 
 
 Gaurico, Luke, Bishop of Civita Ducale. Astrologer 1746. • 
 
 Gauss, Charles Frederick. Ger. Math, and Astronomer 1777. . 
 Gaussem, Jane Catherine. Gaussin. French Actress. . . 1711 . . 
 
 Gauthey, Emiland Mar3\ French Engineer 1 732 . . 
 
 Gauthier, John Baptist. Abb6. Religious Writer. 1685 . . 
 
 Gavanti, Bartholomew. Italian Ecclesiastical Antiquary 1569. . 
 
 Gavard, Hyacinth. French Anatomist i753 • • 
 
 Gaveston, Piers, or Peter. Favorite of Edward II — . . 
 
 Gay, Claude. French Botanist and Traveler 1 795 • • 
 
 Gay, John. Poet. {Beggar'' s Opera) 1688 . . 
 
 Gay, Maria Frances Sophia. French Novelist 1776. • 
 
 Gay Lussac, Joseph Louis. Fr. Experimental Philosoph. 1778. . 
 Gayot de Pitaval, Francis. Fr. Writer. ( Causes Celebres) 1673. . 
 
 Gayton, Edmund. Humorous Writer 1609. . 
 
 Gaza, Theodore. Reviver of Greek 1398- • 
 
 Gazet, Wm., of AiTas. Gazoeus. Ecclesiastical Historian 1554. . 
 Gazola, Joseph. Medical Writer of Verona i66i . . 1715 
 
 865 
 727 
 
 840 
 
 821 
 647 
 
 788 
 
 747 
 844 
 512 
 
 660 
 
 725 
 680 
 654 
 806 
 799 
 575 
 530 
 863 
 
 759 
 780 
 
 639 
 662 
 
 550 
 
 854 
 844 
 709 
 665 
 818 
 738 
 558 
 855 
 767 
 806 
 
 755 
 638 
 802 
 
 864 
 732 
 
 850 
 
 743 
 666 
 478 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 173 
 
 BORN. DIED, 
 
 Gazon-Dourxign6, S. M. M. Critic and Poet — ..1784 
 
 Gazzoli, Benozzo. Italian Painter 1400. . 1478 
 
 Gebelin, Anthony Court de. {Le Movde Primatif) 1725 . .1784 
 
 Geber, or Yeber. Arab. Alchemist. {Lapis Philosophorum) fl. 800-'' 
 
 Gebhardi, John Louis Levin. German Historian 1699. .1764 
 
 G-ed, Wm. Inventor of Stereotype. Life by Nichols, 1819 — ••1749' 
 Geddes, Alexander, ll. d. 'Roman Catholic Divine. 
 
 Translator of Bible. Life by J. M. Good, 1803 1737. . 1802 
 
 Geddes, James. Writer on Classics 1710. .1749' 
 
 Geddes, Mich., ll. d. Writer on Ecclesiastical History 1640. .1714? 
 
 Gedike, Frederick. German Educationist i754- • 1803 
 
 Gedoyn, Nicholas. French Critic and Translator 1667. .1744 
 
 Geer, Charles de. Baron. Swedish Naturalist 1720. .1778 
 
 Gehler, John Sam.,of Leipsic. {Fhysikalisches Worterbuch) 1751 . . 1 795 
 
 Geijer, Eric Gustavus. Swedish Historian 1783. . 1847 
 
 Geiler von Kaiserberg, John. Pulpit Orator 1455 . . 1510 
 
 Geinoz, Francis. Swiss Scholar 1696 . . 1 752 
 
 Gejer, or Geier, Martin. German Biblical Commentator 1614. .1681 
 
 Gelasius I. Pope (492-96) — . . 496 
 
 Gelasius II. (1118-19) John Cajetan 1050?. 1119 
 
 Geldenhaur, Gerard. Dutch Theologian and Historian 1482.. 1542 
 
 Gelder, Arnold de. Dutch Painter 1645 . .1727 
 
 Geldorp, or Gualdorp, Gortzius. Painter of Louvain 1553., 1618 
 
 Gel6e, Claude. Claude Lorraine. Fr. Landscape Painter 1600. .1682 
 Gelenius, or Ghelen, Sigismund. Bohemian Scholar 1477?. 1554 or 5 
 Gell, Sir William. Antiquary and Classical Scholar .... 1777. . 1836 
 Gellert, Christian Fiirchtegott. German Divine and Poet 1715 . .1769 
 
 Gellert, Christlieb Ehregott, brother. Metallurgist 1 713. . 1795 
 
 Gelli, John Baptist. Italian Poet 1498. .1563 
 
 Gellibrand, Henry. Gresham Professor of Astronomy . . . 1 597 . . 1636 
 Gelllus, Aulus. Latin Writer. {Nodes Atticce) . . . fl.ab.117-180 a.d. 
 
 Gelon. Tyrant of Syracuse (b. c. 491-78) — . .b. c.478 
 
 Gemelli Carreri, John Francis. Italian Traveler 1651 . . 1725 
 
 Gemignano, or Geminiani, Hyacinth. Italian Painter. . 161 1 . . 1681 
 
 Gemignano, Vincent di San. Italian Painter 1490. .1530 
 
 GeminiaJii, Francis. Italian Musical Composer 1680 '.1762 
 
 Gemistus Pletho, George. Greek Philosopher 1350''. 1450 
 
 Gemma, Cornelius. Physician and Mathematician ^535- -1577 
 
 Gem.ma, Reinier. Frisius. Dutch Phys. and Mathemat. 1508. .1555 
 
 Gence, John Baptist Modeste. French Writer ^755 • • 1840 
 
 Gendre, le. ^ee Le Gendre. 
 
 Genebrard, Gilbert. French Theologian 1537. .1597 
 
 Genesius, Josephus. Byzantine Historian fl. 940 
 
 Genest, Charles Claude. French Poet 1639. .1719 
 
 Genest, or Genet, Edm. Chas. Fr. Minister to the U. S. 1765?. 1832 
 Genet, Francis. Bp. of Vaison. ( Theology of Grenoble) 1640. .1707 
 
 Genevieve, St ' 422. . 512 
 
 Genga, Bartholomew. Architect 1518. .1558 
 
 Genga, Jerome. Italian Painter 1476. .1551 
 
 Genghis-Khan. Mogul Conqueror. Life by De la Croix 1163. . 1227 
 Genlis, Stephanie F^licit^, Countess de. French Writer 1746. .1830 
 
 Gennadius. Patriarch of Constantinople (1453-58) — . . 1460 
 
 Gennari, Benedict. The Young. Painter to James 11. . . 1633. .1715 
 Gennari, Caesar, son. Painter of Bologna 1641 . . 1688 
 
174 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOEN, DIED. 
 
 Gennaro, Joseph Aurelius, of Naples. Civilian 1701 . . 1761 
 
 Qenoels, Abraham. Painter of Antwerp 1640 . . — 
 
 Genoude, Anthony Eugene de. French Journalist 1792. .1849 
 
 Genovesi, Anthony, of Naples. Metaphysician 1712. .1769 
 
 Genseric. King of the Vandals (429-477) — . . 477 
 
 Gensonn6, Armand. French Girondist 1758 . .1793 
 
 Gent, Thomas. Topographical Antiquary 1691 . .1778 
 
 Gentile, Louis Primo. Painter of Brussels 1606. . 1670 
 
 Gentileschi, Artemisia. Historical Painter 1590. .1642 
 
 Gentileschi, Horatio Louis. Italian Painter 1563. . 1647 
 
 Gentilis, Albericus. Ital. Civilian. Professor at Oxford 1550?. 1611 
 
 Gentilis, John Valentine. Arian of Naples 1520?. 156^ 
 
 Gentilis, Scipio. Italian Civilian at Altorf 1563. . 1616 
 
 Gentilis de Foligno. Medical Writer — . . 1348 
 
 Gentillet, Innocent. Protestant Theologian of Geneva . . — ..1595^ 
 Gentleman, Francis. Irish Actor and Dramatic "Writer 1728. .1784 
 
 Gentz, Frederick von. Publicist. Life by Haym ^7^4- • ^832 
 
 Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, son of Henry 11 11 58, .1186 
 
 GeoflPrey-Gaimar. Anglo-Norman Poet. {DEstoriedes 
 
 Engles) fl. 1150? 
 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth. Historian iiio'''.ii54 
 
 Geoffrey of Vinsauf. English Latin Poet fi. 12th c. 
 
 Geoffrey Plantagenet, Ct. of Anjou, father of Henry II. 1113..1151 
 Geoffrin, Maria Theresa, Madame. Patron of Learning 1699. .1777 
 
 Geoflfroy, Julian Louis. French Critic i743- .1814 
 
 Geoflfroy, Stephen Francis. French Physician. {Le Code 
 
 Medicamentaire) 1672 . . 1731 
 
 Geoffroy, Stephen Louis, son. Physician and Naturalist 1725. .1810 
 Geoffrey Saint- HUaire, Isidore. Fr. Physiologist and 
 
 Naturalist. (Histoire des Regnes Organiques) 1805 . . i86i 
 
 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Stephen. Naturalist 1772. .1844 
 
 George, of Cappadocia. Patriarch of Constantinople. . . — .. 361? 
 George, of Cyprus, Jr. Patriarch of Const'ple. Writer — . .1290 
 George, of Trebizond. Restorer of Greek Learning . . . 1396 . 1485 or 6 
 
 George, Duke of Saxony. The Bearded 1471 . .1530 
 
 George I. King of England (1714-27) 1660. .1727 
 
 George II. (1727-60) ' 1683. .1760 
 
 George III. (1760-1820.) Life by Adolphus 1738 • • 1820 
 
 George IV. (1820-30.) Life by Croly, 1840 1762 . . 1830 
 
 George of Denmark. Prince Consort of Queen Anne . . 1653. .1708 
 Georgel, John Francis. Fr. Histor. Writer, and Diplom. 1731. .1813 
 Geramb, Ferdinand de. Baron. Adventurer and Trappist 1770. . 1848 
 Gerando, Joseph Mary, Baron de. French Statesman 
 
 and Philosophical Writer 1772. . 1842 
 
 Gerard, Alexander, of Aberdeen. Divine 1728. .1795 
 
 Gerard, Balthazar. Assassin of William of Orange .... 1558. .1584 
 G6rard, C^cile Jules BasiL Lion-Killer. Fr. Traveler.. 181 7.. 1864 
 G6rard, Francis Pascal Simon, Baron. French Painter. . 1770. .1837 
 G6rard, John Ignatius Isidore. Grandville. French Cari- 
 caturist 1803. . 1847 
 
 G6rard, Louis. Fr. Phvsician. ( Flora Gallo-Provincialis) 1733.. 1819 
 G6rard, Stephen Maurice, Count. Marshal of France. . . 1773. .1852 
 Gerard, Thom or Tung. Gd. Master of Knts. of St. John 1040?. 1121? 
 Gerard. See Gerhard. 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 175 
 
 BORN, DIED. 
 
 Gerard, of Cremona. Italian Translator and Orientalist 1 114, .1187 
 G6rard de Nerval. Gerard Labrunie. French Author. 1808. .1855 
 G6rard de Rayneval, Joseph Matthias. Fr. Diplomatist 1 736 . . 1812 
 
 Gerarde, John. Botanist and Surgeon. (Herbal) 1545 . . 1607 
 
 Gerardi, Christopher. Painter of Florence 1500. .1556 
 
 Gerards, Mark, of Bruges. Painter 1561 . . 1635 
 
 Gerbais, John. Doctor of the Sorbonne. Eccles. Writer 1629, . 1699 
 
 Gerbel, Nicholas. German Jurist — . .1560 
 
 Gerber, Ernest Louis. Ger. Organist & Writer on Music 1746. .1819 
 Gerberon, Gabriel, of St. Maur. (History of Jansenism) 1628. .1711 
 Gerbert, Martin. Prince- Abbot. Writ, on Sacred Music 1720. .1793 
 Gerbert, Pope Silvester II. The Musician. Universal 
 
 Scholar — . . 1003 
 
 Gerbier d'Ouvllly, Sir Balthasar. Painter, Architect, 
 
 Diplomatist 1592. . 1667 
 
 Gerbillon, John Francis. Jesuit Missionary to China. . . 1654. .1707 
 
 Gerdes, Daniel, of Groningen. Theologian 1698. .1765 
 
 Gerhard, Ephraim, of Altdorf. (Delineaiio Fhilosophice) 1682. .1718 
 Gerhard, John. German Protestant Divine. (AphoHsmi) 1 582 . . 1637 
 Gerhard, John Ernest. Lutheran Divine and Orientalist 1621 . . 1688 
 
 Gerhardt, Charles Frederick. German Chemist 1816. . 1856 
 
 G6ricault, John Louis Theod. Andrew. French Painter. 1790. .1824 
 
 Gering, Ulric. Introducer of Printing into France — . .J510 
 
 Gerlaeh, Stephen. Historical and Theological Writer. . . 1546. .1612 
 
 Germain, Thomas. French Artist in Metals 1675 . . 1748 
 
 Germanicus Csesar, married to Agrippina. Life by Louis 
 
 de Beaufort B.C.14.A.D.19 
 
 Germonio, Anastasius. Abp. of Tarantaise. Ital. Writ. 1551. .1627 
 
 Germyn, Simon. Dutch Painter 1650? .1719 
 
 Gerry, Elbridge. 5th Vice-President of the United States 1744 . . 1814 
 
 Gerson, John Charlier de. (Doctor Christianissimus) 1363. .1429 
 
 Gerstein, Christian Louis. Mathematician 1701 . .1762 
 
 Gervaise, Francis Armand. Fr. Biographer and Theolog. 1660. .1751 
 
 Gervaise, Nicholas. French Missionary to Siam 1662''. 1729 
 
 Gervase, of Canterbury. Chronicler fl. 12th c. 
 
 Gervase, of Tilbury. Chronicler. ( Otia Imperialia) . . . fl. i2thc. 
 Gesenius, Frederick Henry William. German Orientalist 1 786 . , 1842 
 Gesner, Conrad von. Swiss Naturalist and Universal 
 
 Scholar 1516. .1565 
 
 Gesner, John, of Zurich. (Phytographia Sacra) 1709- -1790 
 
 Gesner, John James, of Zurich. Numismatist 1707- • ^7^7 
 
 Gesner, John Matthias. Classical Critic and Editor 1691 . . 1761 
 
 Gessler, Albert, or Gesseler von Bruneck. Killed by Tell — . . 1307 
 
 Gessner, Solomon. Swiss Poet and Painter 1730- .1788 
 
 Gessner, Solomon. Biblical Writer at Wittemberg 1559 . . 1605 
 
 Geta. Emperor of Rome. Life by ^lius Spartianus. . . . 189. . 212 
 
 Gethin, Grace, Lady. (Religuice Gethiniance) 1676. . 1697 
 
 Gething, Richard. Penman in London fl. 1616-45 
 
 Geuss, John Michael. Mathematician at Copenhagen . . 1745. .1786 
 Gevartius, or Gevaerts, John Caspar. Critic of Antwerp 1593. .1666 
 
 Geyer, Henry Sheffie. American Jurist 1790- -1859 
 
 Geyler, John, of Kaiserberg. Gennan Preacher 1445 • • 1510 
 
 Gezelius, George. Swedish Biographer 1736. -1789 
 
 Gezelius, John. Bishop of Abo. (P entagbtt Dictionary) 161 s,.i6go 
 
176 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gezelius, John, son. Bp. of Abo. {Nomendator Adami) 1647. .1718 
 Ghazzali, Abu Hamid Mohammad Ibn Ahmad. Moham- 
 medan Philosopher and Divine 1058. .iiii 
 
 Ghetaldi, Marino, of Ragusa. Mathematician — bef. 1630 
 
 Ghezzi, Peter Leone. Italian Painter 1674. .1755 
 
 Ghiberti, Lorenzo. Florentine Sculptor and Architect. . 1378. .i45'5? 
 
 Ghika, Gregory X. Hospodar of Moldavia 1807. .1857 
 
 Ghilini, Jerome. Italian Writer 1589. . 1670? 
 
 Ghirlandajo, II. Dominic Cur r ado. Florentine Painter. . 1449.. 1498 
 
 Ghirlandajo, Ridolpho, son. Painter 1482. .1560 
 
 Ghisolfl, John. Painter of Milan 1624 . . 1683 
 
 Giamberti, Julian. San Gallo. Ital. Architect & Sculptor 1443 . . 1 5 1 7 
 Gianibelli, or Giambelli, Fred. Italian Military Engineer 1530?. — 
 
 Gianni, Francis. Italian Poet i759- • 1822 
 
 Giannone, Peter. ( History of Naples) 1676. .1748 
 
 Giardini, Felix. Italian Violinist 1716. . 1796 
 
 Gibbon, Edward. {Decline and Fall) Life by Lord 
 
 Sheffield, 1799; H. A. Milman, 1839; W. Youngman. 1737. .1794 
 
 Gibbons, Dr. Christopher. Organist and Composer — . . 1676 
 
 Gibbons, Grinling. Carver in Wood 1648 . .1721 
 
 Gibbons, Orlando. Musical Composer 1583 . . 1625 
 
 Gibbs, George. American Mineralogist 1782 . . 1833 
 
 Gibbs, James. Architect 1674''. 1754 
 
 Gibbs, Josiah Willard. American Philologist 1790- • 1861 
 
 Gibbs, Sir Vicary. Judge 1752. . 1820 
 
 Gibert, Balthasar. French Writer. {Jugement des Savants) 1662 . , 1 741 
 
 Gibert, John Peter. French Canonist 1660. .1736 
 
 Giberti, John Matthew. Bp. of Verona. Patron of Learn. 1495. .1543 
 Gibieuf, Wm. Priest of the Oratory. {Liberty of God) . . — ..1650 
 Gibson, Edm. Bp. of London. Saxonist. {Preservative) i66g. .ly ^8 
 
 Gibson, John Bannister, ll. d. American Jurist 1780. . 1853 
 
 Gibson, Richard. The Dwarf. Painter 1615 . . 1690 
 
 Gibson, Thomas. Phys.,Naturalist, and Protestant Divine — ..1562 
 
 Gibson, Thomas. Painter 1680?. 1751 
 
 Gibson, William. Painter 1644?. 1702 
 
 Giddings, Joshua Reed. Amer. Anti-slavery Statesman. 1795 . . 1864 
 
 Giddings, Salmon. Missionary 1782 . . 1828 
 
 Gideon. Judge of Israel b. c. 1236 
 
 Gieseler, John Charles Louis. German Church Historian 1792. .1854 
 Gifanius, or Hubert van Giffen. Dutch Critic and Civilian 1534. . 1604 
 Gifford, Andrew, d. d. Baptist Minister and Antiquary, 1700. .1784 
 Gifford, John. John Rd. Green. Polit. & Historical Writer 1 758 . . 1818 
 
 Gifford, Rev. Richard. Divine and Poet 1725?. 1807 
 
 Gifford, Robert, Lord. Judge i779- • 1826 
 
 Gifford, William. Critic and Satirist. Editor of Quarterly 
 
 Review. (Baviad) i757- • 1826 
 
 Giggeo, Anthony. Italian Divine and Arabic Scholar. . . — . . 1635! 
 
 Gilbart, James William. Writer on Banking 1794- • 1863 
 
 Gilbert, Davis {nee Giddy). Antiquary 1 767 .. 18^9 
 
 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey. Navigator i539- -1584 
 
 Gilbert, Sir Jeffrey. Judge and Law Writer 1674. .1726 
 
 Gilbert, Nicholas Joseph Lawrence. French Satiric Poet 1751 . .1780 
 
 Gilbert, Nicholas Peter. French Army Physician 1751 • • 1814 
 
 Gilbert, Thomas. Ej ected Nonconformist Divine 161 1 ? . 1694 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 177 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gilbert, Wm. Physician & Exper. Philos. {De Magnate) 1540. . 1603 
 
 Gilbert, of La Porree. Gislebertus Porretanus 1070?. 11 54 
 
 Gilbert, of Sempringham. Founder of Gilbertines 1083 . . 1 189 
 
 Gilbertus Anglicus. Medical Writer fl. 1200'' 
 
 Gilchrist, Alex. Writer on Art ; Biogr. of Etty & Blake 1827 . . 1861 
 
 Gilclirist, John Borthwick. Orientalist i759- • 1841 
 
 Gilchrist, Octavius. Writer on the Drama i779- • 1823 
 
 Gildas. The Wise. British Hist. {De Excidio Britannice ) 6th c. A. d. 
 Gildon, Charles. Dramatic and Miscellaneous Writer. , . 1665. .1724 
 
 Giles, William Branch. American Statesman 1762. .1830 
 
 Giles, of Viterbo. Italian Cardinal. Biblical Writer ... — ••1532 
 
 GilfiUan, Robert. Scotch Poet 1798?. 1850 
 
 ^Gilimer. Last King of African Vandals — aft. 534 
 
 Gill, Alex. Mast, of St. Paul's School. {Logonomia Anglica) 1564. .1635 
 
 Gill, Alex., son. Friend of Milton. (Poetici Conatus) 1597. .1642 
 
 Gill, .John, D. D. Baptist Divine and Biblical Expositor. . 1697. .1771 
 
 Gilles, Peter. French Naturalist 1490- • 1555 
 
 Gillespie, George. Scottish Divine. {Aaron' s Rod) ... . — ..1648 
 
 Gillies, John, ll. d. Historical Writer i747- .1836 
 
 GiUis, James. Roman Catholic Bishop in Scotland — . . 1864 
 
 Gillot, Claude. French Painter and Engraver 1673. .1722 
 
 Gilly, Rev. Dr. Wm. Stephen. Writer on the Vaudois . . 1789?. 1855 
 
 Gilman, John Taylor. Governor of New Hampshire 1759. .1828 
 
 Gilman, Samuel, b. d. American Clergyman and Author 1791 . . 1858 
 Gilpin, Bernard. {Apostle of the North.) Life by Bishop 
 
 Carleton, 1636; W. Gilpin, 1753 1517. .1583 
 
 Gilpin, Rd. Ejected Noncouf. Div. {Satan' s Temptations) — ..1657 
 
 Gilpin, Sawrer. Animal Painter i733- • 1807 
 
 Gilpin, Rev. William, brother. Writer. {Forest Scenery) 1724.. 1804 
 
 Gil Polo, Caspar. Spanish Poet *. . 1516. .1572 
 
 Gilray, James. Caricaturist 1785 . . 1815 
 
 Gil Vicente. Portuguese Dramatist .' 1485 ''.1557 
 
 Ginguen6, Peter Louis. {HisioireLitieraire d'lialie) ... 1748.. 1816 
 GinkelljGodart van, First Earl of Athlone. Commander.. 1630?. 1703 
 
 Ginnani, Francis. Italian Naturalist 1716. .1766 
 
 Gioberti, John Anthony. Italian Chemist 1761 . . 1834 
 
 Gioberti, Vincent. Italian Writer and Statesman 1801 . . 1852 
 
 Giocondo, John. Fra Giovanni. Ital. Schol. & Antiquary 1450?. 1521? 
 
 Gioffredo, Mario. Gaetano. Neapohtan Architect 1718..1785 
 
 Gioja, Flavio, of Amalfi. Reputed Inventor of Compass . 1300?. — 
 Gioja, Melchior. Italian Writer. { Ntiovo Prospetto) .... 1767.. 1829 
 
 Giolito de' Ferrari, Gabriel.. Italian Printer — . . 1581 
 
 Giordani, Vital. Neapolitan Mathematician 1633. .1711 
 
 Giordano, Luke. Lucaf a Presto. Neapolitan Painter 1632. 1704 or 5 
 Giorgi, Anthony Augustine. {Alphabetum Thibetanum) . . 1 711.. 1797 
 
 Giorgione. Giorgio Barbarelli. Venetian Painter 1477. .1511 
 
 Gioseppino. Neapolitan Painter 1560'. 1540 
 
 Giottino, II. Thomas di Stefano. Florentine Painter . . . 1324. .1356 
 Giotto, or Ambrogiotto. Florentine Pa., Sculptor, Architect 1276. .1336 
 
 Giovanni. Mannozzi. Italian Fresco Painter 1590 • • 1636 
 
 Giovanni da Fiesole. Fra Angelica. Florentine Painter 1387. .1455 
 
 Giovio, Paul. Italian Historical Writer 1483 . .1552 
 
 Giraldi, Julius Gregory. Ital. Scholar. {De Diis Gentium) 1479.. 1552 
 Giraldi-Cintio, J. Bapt. Ital. Poet tSc Phys. {Hecatommiti) 1504. .1573 
 12 
 
178 * A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Giraldus Cambrensis, or Gerald de Barri. Historian. . 1147. .1222? 
 Girard, Gabriel. French Philologist. {Synonymes Frangois) 1677'. 1748 
 
 Girard, Gregory. Swiss Educator 1765 . .1850 
 
 Girard, Philip Henry de. French Engineer. i775- -1845 
 
 Girard, Stephen. Amer. Banker ; Found, of Girard College 1746. .1831 
 Girardin, Madame 'kuiile de. Delphine Gay. Fr. Writer. 1804. . 1855 
 Girardin, Louis Stanislaus de, Count. French Publicist. . 1762. .1827 
 
 Girardon, Francis. Sculptor and Architect 1628 . . 1 7 1 5 
 
 Giraud, John, Count, Italian Comic Dramatist 1776. .1834 
 
 Girodet-Trioson, Anne Louis. French Painter 1767. .1824 
 
 Giroust, James. French Preacher 1624. . 1689 
 
 Girtin, Thomas. Landscape Painter i773- • 1802 
 
 Giry, Louis. French Academician 1595 . . 1665 
 
 Gisbert, Blaise. Fr. Theol. &Philos. {Educat. of a Prince) 1657. .1731 
 Gisbert, John. French Canonist. {Anti-Probalasimus) . 1639.. 1711 
 Gisborne, Rev. Thos. Philos., Theol., and Misc. Writer 1758. .1846 
 Giulano, Majano di. Florentine Sculptor and Architect . . 1377"' . 1447 
 Giulini, George. Historian and Antiquary. {Memoirs 
 
 Concerning the Government of Milan) 1 714 . . 1 780 
 
 Giulio Ronaano. Julius Caccini. Ital. Music. Composer 1560?. 1640? 
 
 Giuiio Romano. Pippi. Italian Painter 1492. .1546 
 
 Giusti, Anthony. Florentine Painter 1624?. 1705 
 
 Giusti, Joseph. Italian Poet and Satirist 1809. . 1850 
 
 Glaber, Ralph. Benedictine Monk. ( Chronique de France) 990? . 1050? 
 
 Glandorp, Matthias. German Medical Writer 1595 . . 1652? 
 
 Glanvil, Sir John. Lawyer and Statesman 1 590?. 1661 
 
 Glanvil, Ranulph de. Lawyer & Warrior. {De Leg. Anglice) — , . 1 190 
 
 Glanvill, Rev. Joseph. ( Vanity of Dogmatizing) 1636. . 1680 
 
 Glareanus, or Henry Lorit. Scholar and W^riter 1488. .1563 
 
 Glaser, Christopher. Swiss Chemist — . . 1679? 
 
 Glass, John. Scotch Sectary 1698. .1773 
 
 Glass, John, son. Navigator and Writer 1725 . .1764 
 
 Glassius, Solomon, of Gotha. {Philologia Sacra) i593- • 1656 
 
 Glauber, Diana. Painter 1650 . . 1 720? 
 
 Glauber, John. Polydore. Painter of Utrecht 1646. . 1 726 
 
 Glauber, John Rudolph. Chemist. Discoverer of Glauber^ s 
 
 Salt 1604. .1668 
 
 Glauber, John Theophilus, brother. Painter 1656. .1703 
 
 Gleditsch, John Theophilus. German Phys. and Botanist 1714. .1786 
 Gleichen, Frederick William von. German Naturalist. . 1717. .1783 
 Gleig, George. Bishop of Brechin. Theol. and Metaphys. 1753.. 1839 
 
 Gleim, John William Louis. German ^7^0 Poet 1719- • 1803 
 
 Glen, John. Painter and Engraver of Liege fl. i6th c. 
 
 Glendower, Owen. Welsh Chieftain 1349?. 1415 
 
 Glenie, James. Scottish Mathematician i750- • 181 7 
 
 Glentworth, George. American Physician and Surgeon 1735. .1792 
 
 Gliddon, George Robins. English Egyptologist 1809. . 1857 
 
 Glinka, Gregory Andrievitch. Russian Writer 1774. .1818 
 
 Glinka, Sergy Nikolaevitch. Russian Writer 1771 . . 1845? 
 
 Glisson, Francis. Anatomist and Physician i597- • 1677 
 
 Gloucester, Robert of. English Historian and Poet ti. 1280 
 
 Gloucester, Wm. Fred., Duke of, nephcAv of George III. 1776. .1834 
 
 Glover, Charles. Song Composer — . . 1863 
 
 Glover, Richard. Poet. Life by R. Duppa, 1814 1 712. .1785 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 179 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 GHover, Mrs. Actress 1 781 . . 1850 
 
 Gluck, Christopher Willibald von. Composer. Life by 
 
 Schmid, 1855 1714- • 
 
 Glynn, Robert, m. d,, of Cambridge. (Dm of Judgment) 1718?. 
 Gmelin, John Fred. Phys. and Chemist. Ed. of Linnaeus 1748. . 
 Gmelin, John Geo. Botanist and Phys. {Flora Sibirica) 1709. . 
 
 Gmelin, Leopold. German Chemist. 1788. . 
 
 Gmelin, Samuel Theoph. Traveler. {Hisioria Fucorum) 1743. • 
 Gneisenau, Aug. Neidhardt, Count of. Marsh, of Prussia 1760. . 
 
 Gnieditch, Nicholas. Russian Poet 1784. . 
 
 Goad, John. Schoolmaster and Astrologer 161 5 . . 
 
 Goadby, Robert. Printer and Writer of Sherborne. ..... 1721 . . 
 
 Gobbo, Andrew. Itahan Historical Painter 1470'- 
 
 Gobbo, II. Peter Paul Bonzi^oi CoTlona.. Painter 1580?. 
 
 Gobel, J. Bap. Jos. Abp. of Paris. Atheist; guillotined 1727. . 
 Gobel, Traugott Friedemann. Ger. Trav. & Writ. onChem. 1794. . 
 Gobelin, John, alias GUes. French Dyer and Inventor. . — . . 
 
 Gobien, Charles le. French Jesuit; Historian 1653. . 
 
 Goclenius, Conrad. German Critic 1485 . . 
 
 Goclenius, Rodolph. Magnetist and Math, at Marpurg 1572. . 
 Goclenius, Rodolph. Philosophical Writer at Marpurg. . 1547. . 
 
 Goddard, Jonathan. Chemist and Physician 161 7. . 
 
 Goddard, Rev. Wm. Stanley d. d. Mast, of Winch. Coll. 1757. . 
 Godden, Thomas, d. d. Rom. Catholic Controversialist. — . . 
 Godeau, Anthony. Bishop of Venice. Church Historian 1605 . . 
 
 Godefroi, Denys. ( Corpus Juris fivilis) i549- - 
 
 Godefroi, Denys. {Les Droits du Roi) 161 5 . . 
 
 Godefroi, James. ( Codex Theodosianus) 1587. . 
 
 Godefroi, John. Editor of Memoirs of Philip de Comines 1656. . 
 
 Godefroi, Theodore. {Le Ceremonial Frangois) 1 580 . . 
 
 Godewyck, Margarita. Paintress of Dort 1627 . . 
 
 Godfrey, Charles. Musician i79o'« 
 
 Godfrey, Sir Edmundbury. Magistrate. L. by R. Take, 
 
 1682 — . . 
 
 Godfrey, Thomas. American Mathematician — . . 
 
 Godfrey of Bouillon. Crusader, and King of Jerusalem 1058?. 
 
 Godfrey of Viterbo. Historian — . . 
 
 Godley, John,, Robert. Politician. Life by J. E. Fitzgerald — . . 
 Godman, John D. American Anatomist and Naturalist.. 1794. • 
 
 GodolpMn, John. Civilian 161 7 . . 
 
 Godolphin, Sidney. Poet 1610 .". 
 
 Godolphin, Sidney, Earl of» Lord High Treasurer 1630?. 
 
 Godoonofif, or Godunov, Boris. Czar of Moscow 1552.. 
 
 Godoy, Manuel de. Prince of the Peace. Span. Minister 1767. . 
 
 Godric, St. Hermit of Finchale. Life by Reginald — . . 
 
 Godwin, Earl of Kent — . . 
 
 Godwin, Francis. Bishop of Hereford. Antiquary and 
 
 Historical Writer. {Man in the Moon) 1561 . . 
 
 Godwin, Mary, nee WoUstonecraft. Life by Godwin, 1798 1759. . 
 
 Godwin, Thomas, D. D. Hebrew Antiquarv 1587 . . 
 
 Godwin, Wm. Novelist & Hist. Writ. ( Caleb Williams) 1756. . 
 Goeckingk, Leop. Frederick Gunther von. German Poet 1748. . 
 Goeree, Wm. Scholar of Middleburg. {Jewish Antiq.) 1635.. 
 Goerres, Jacob Joseph von. German Publicist and Writer 1776. . 
 
180 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Goertz, George Henry de. Baron de Schlitz. Swedish 
 
 Statesman ".,.., — . .1719 
 
 Goes, Hugh van der. Dutch Painter — . . 1480? 
 
 Goesius, (William van der Goes.) Dutch Critic 161 1. .1686 
 
 Goethe, John Wolfgang von. Poet. Life by self, 1811- 
 1812, Engl, by Oxenford, 1848; Doering, 1828; Falk, 
 1832, Engl, by Mrs. Austin, 1835; Sendtner, 1832; 
 Vogel, 1834; Voss, 1834; Marmier, 1835; Rienier, 
 1841; Browning, 1844; Viehoff, 1847; Schaefer, 
 1850-51; Bowring, 1853; Lewes, 1855, enlarged, 1863. 1749. .1832 
 Goetze, Geo. Henry. Theologian and Critic at Lubec 1667. 1728 org 
 Goetze, John Augustus Ephraim. German Naturalist. . . 1731 . .1793 
 
 Goez, Damian de. Portuguese Historian 1501 . .1560 
 
 Goff, Rev. Thomas. Divine and Dramatist 1592. .1627 
 
 'Goflfe, William. Regicide .' 1605'''. 1679 
 
 Gogol, Nicholas. Russian Writer 1810. . 1852 
 
 Goguet, Anthony Yves. French Jurist 1716. .1758 
 
 Goldast von Hemingsfeld, Melchior. Historical Writ. 1576. .1635 
 Goldhagen, John Eustace, of Magdeburg. Translator of 
 
 Greek Classics 1701. .1772 
 
 Golding, Arthur. Poet, Translator of Ovid, Caesar, &c. . . — . . 1590? 
 
 Goldman, Nicholas. Mathematician 1623 . . 1665 
 
 Goldoni, Charles. Dramatic Poet 1707. . 1793 
 
 Goldsmith., Oliver. Poet. Life by J. Prior, 1836 ; John 
 
 Forster, 1848; W. Irving, 1850; Dr. Kalisch, 1860. . . 1728. .1774 
 
 Golius, James. Orientalist and Mathematician 1596. .1667 
 
 Golius, Peter, br. Roman Cath. Missionary to East Indies — . . 1673? 
 
 Golovnin, Basil. Russian Navigator 1776. . 1831 
 
 Goltzius, Henry. Painter and Engraver 1558. • 1617 
 
 Goltzius, Hubert. Dutch Painter and Antiquary 1526. .1583 
 
 Gomar, Francis. Flemish Calvinistic Theologian. 1563- • 1641 
 
 Gombauld, John Ogier de. French Poet 1 567 ^ 1666 
 
 GombervUle, Marin le Roy, Sieur de. French Writer . . 1600. .1674 
 
 Gomersal,*Rev. Robert. Poet. {Leviie's Revenge) 1600. .1646 
 
 Gomes, Francis Dias. Portuguese Poet — • • i795 
 
 Gomez, Magdalen Angelica Poisson de. Fr. Romancist 1684. .1770 
 
 Gomez, Sebastian. Spanish Painter — . . 1685? 
 
 Gomez de Castro, Alvarez. {Life of Ximenes) ^ . 1515 . • 1580 
 
 Gomez de Ciudad Beal, Alvarez. Latin Poet 1488. . 1538 
 
 Gompertz, Benjamin. Mathematician and Actuary 1778''. 1865 
 
 Gon9alvez, Joachim Alfonso. Portuguese Missionary to 
 
 China. {Diccionario China Portuguez) 1780. . 1841 
 
 Gondebaud. Fourth King of Burgundy (491-516) —..516 
 
 Gondi, Albert de. Marshal de Relz. French Courtier . . 1 533 . . 1602 
 Gondi, John Francis Paul de. Cardinal de Retz II. French 
 
 Statesman 1614. . 1679 
 
 Gondi, Peter de. Cardinal de Retz I. French Statesman 1533. . 1616 
 Gonet, John Baptist, of Bordeaux. {System of Theology) 1616. . i68i 
 
 Gongora y Argote, Louis de. Spanish Poet 1561 . .1627 
 
 Gonsalvo de Cordova, Fernandez. Great Captain. See 
 
 Gonzalo i443- -15^5 
 
 Gonthier, John. German Physician and Scholar 1487- • ^574 
 
 Gonzaga, Lucretia. Italian S'cholar — . -1576 
 
 Gonzaga, Scipio. Spanish Cardinal and Scholar 1542. . 1593 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 181 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gonzaga, Thomas Anthony Costa de, of Brazil. Dirceo. 
 
 Portuguese Poet. {Marilia de Dirceo) I747- -1793 
 
 Gonzaga, Vespasian, Duke of Sabionetta. Patron of Arts 1531 . . 1591 
 
 Gonzales, Bartholomew. Spauish Painter 1564. . 1627 
 
 Gonzales, Thyrsus. Sp. Jesuit. {Doctrine of Probability) — ••1705 
 Gonzalo, Fernandez de Cordova y Aguilar. Great Capt. 1443. .1515 
 Gonzalo de Uerceo, John. Earliest Spanish Poet.. . . . 1196. .1266? 
 Good, John Mason, M. d. Writer. L. by 0. Gregory, 1828 1764. .1827 
 GoodaU, Walter. Scottish Antiquary & Historical Writer 1706' . 1766 
 Goode, Rev. Francis. Divine. ( Tlie Better Covenant). . . 1797?. 1842 
 Goodman, Godfrey. English Bishop ; conformed to Rome 1 583 . . 1655 
 
 Goodrich, Chauncey. American Statesman i759- .1815 
 
 Goodrich, Chauncey Allen, d. d. American Divine and 
 
 Scholar; Editor of Webster's Dictionaries i790' • i860 . 
 
 Goodrich, Elizur, D. D. American Clergyman & Scholar 1734. .1797 
 Goodrich, Sam. Griswold. Peter Parley. Amer. Author 1793. . — 
 Goodrich, Thomas. Bishop of Ely (1534-54). Reformer 1480?. 1554 
 Goodwin, John. Independent Divine and Politician. .. . 1593.. 1665 
 Goodwin, Thomas. Calvinistic Independent Divine. . . . 1600. .1679 
 
 Gookin, Gen. Daniel. American Writer 161 2?. 1687 
 
 Gool, John van. Dutch Painter 1685 . .1763 
 
 Gordian I. M. Antonius. Rom. Emp. (238). Africanus 157.. 238 
 
 Gordian II. Son; colleague of his father (238) 192. . 238 
 
 Gordian III. (238-44) 226.. 244 
 
 Gordon, Alexander. Historical Writer and Egyptologist — . .1750? 
 Gordon, Andrew. Scottish Benedictine ; Electrician.... 1712..1751 
 
 Gordon, Bernard. Gordonus. Medical Reformer — aft. 13 10? 
 
 Gordon, Eliz. Brodie, last Duchess of. L. by A. M. Stuart 1774. . 1864 
 
 Gordon, Lord George. Anti-Papist Politician 1750- • i793 
 
 Gordon, James. Scot. Jesuit. ( Controversiarum Epitome) 1 543 . . 1620 
 
 Gordon, Sir John Watson, r. a. Portrait Painter 1790?. 1864 
 
 Gordon, Robt., of Stralogh. Geog. {Tkeatrum Scotice) — ..1650? 
 Gordon, Thos. Controversialist. {Pillars of Priestcraft) 1684?. 1750 
 Gordon, William. Anglo-American Divine & Historian 1730.. 1807 
 Gordon, William, m. d. People's Friend. Philanthropist 1801 . . 1849 
 
 Gore, Catherine Grace Francis, Mrs. Novelist i799- .i86i 
 
 Gore, Christopher. American Statesman; Governor of 
 
 Massachusetts 1 758 . . 1827 
 
 Gorges, Sir Ferdinando. Proprietor of Province of Maine 
 
 and Governor of Plymouth — ... 1647 
 
 Gorgias, of Leontini. Sophist 485 ? . 380' b.c. 
 
 Gori, Anthony Francis. Florentine Antiquary 1 691. .1757 
 
 Gorlseus, Abraham. Dutch Antiquary. {Dactyliotheca) i^^g. .i6og 
 Goropius, John. Van Goi'p. {Origines Antverpianw). . . 15 18.. 15 72 
 
 Qorran, Nicholas de. French Preacher and Divine 1230. .1295 
 
 Gorres, Jacob Joseph von. See Goerres 1776. . 1848 
 
 Gorsas, Anthony Joseph. French Politician 1751 • -1793 
 
 GortchakoflE", Demetrius. Russian Poet 1756. .1824 
 
 Gortchakofif, Michael, Prince. Russian Commander. . . . 1795 • • ^861 
 
 Gorter, John de. Dutch Medical Writer 1688 . . 1 762 
 
 Gorton, Samuel. New England Enthusiast 1600? . 1677 
 
 Goselini, Julian. Italian Writer 1525 . .1587 
 
 Goslicki, Lawrence. PoUsh Writ. {De Optimo Senatore) 1535 . . 1607 
 Gosnold, Bartholomew. Navigator — ..1607 
 
182 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 .1829 
 .1830 
 .1587 
 .162-5 
 .1832 
 .1704 
 . 867 
 
 Gossec, Francis Joseph. Belgian Musical Composer .... 1733 
 Gosselin, Pascal Francis Joseph.. French Geographer. . . 1751 
 
 Gosselini, Julian. Italian Writer 1525 
 
 Gosson, Stephen. Divine and Poet 1554 
 
 Gothe. See Goethe 1749 
 
 Gother, John. Roman Cath. Divine and Controversialist — 
 
 Gothescalcus, or Gottschalk. German Heresiarch 808 
 
 Gothofred, or Godefroi, which see. 
 
 Gotti, Vincent Louis. Italian Cardinal and Theologian . . 1664 . . 1 742 
 
 Gottignies, Giles Francis. Belgian Mathematician 1630. .1,689 
 
 Gottleber, John Christopher. German Critic i733- -17^5 
 
 Gottsched, John Christopher. Ger. Poet and Philosopher 1 700 . . 1 766 
 
 Gottsched, Madame, wife. Dramatic Writer 1713- .1762 
 
 Goudelin, or Goudouli, Peter. Gascon Poet i579- -1649 
 
 Goudimel, Claude. French Musical Composer 1510?. 1572 
 
 Goufller, Mary Gabriel Augustus Laurent, Count de 
 
 Choiseul. ( Voyage Pittoresque) 1752. . 1817 
 
 Gouge, Thomas. 'Ejected Nonconformist Divine 1605 . . 1681 
 
 Gouge, WilMam. Puritan Divine. ( Whole Armor of God) 1575 . . 1653 
 Gougeon, or Goujon, John. Fr. Sculptor and Medalist I5i5?.i572 
 Gouges, Mary Olympe de. French Revolutionary Writer 1755. -1793 
 
 Gough, Richard. Antiquary * 1735 . . 1809 
 
 Goujet, Claude Peter. French Scholar and Writer 1697. .1767 
 
 Goulart, Simon. Fr. Protestant Divine and Hist. Writer 1543. .1628 
 
 Goulburn, Rt. Hon. Henry, m. p. Statesman — . . 1856 
 
 Govild, Hannah Flagg. American Poetess — . . 1865 
 
 Goxild, James. American Jurist 1770?. 1838 
 
 Gould, Robert. Poet — . .1708 
 
 Goulin, John. French Writer 1728. .1799 
 
 Goulston, Theodore, m. d. Founder of Goulstonian Lect. 1576?. 1632 
 
 Goulu, John. French Translator from the Greek 1576. . 1629 
 
 Goupy, Joseph. French Artist — . .1763 
 
 Gourdan, Simon. French Casuist 1646. .1729 
 
 Gourgaud, Caspar, Baron. Fr. Gen. {Napoleon Mem.) 1783.. 1852 
 Qt)urnay, Mary de Jars de. Tenth Muse. French Writer 1566. . 1645 
 
 GourviUe, John Herault de. {Memoires, 1642-98) 1625. .1704 
 
 Gousset, James. French Protestant Divine and Hebraist 1635 . •1704 
 Gouthi§re, James. Gutherius. Fr. Advocate and Writer 1568. .1638 
 Gouvea, Anthony de. Goveanus. Portuguese Jurist. . . . 1505 . .1566 
 
 Gouvea, Anthony de. Portuguese Historian 1570?. 1628 
 
 Gouvion St. Cyr, Lawrence. Marshal of France 1764. . 1830 
 
 Gouye, Thomas. French Mathematician 1650. .1725 
 
 Gouye de Longuemarre. French Historical Writer. . . 171 5. .1763 
 
 Gouz dfe la Boulaye, Francis le. French Traveler i 1610''. 1669? 
 
 Govona, Rosa. Italian Philanthropist 1716. .1776 
 
 Gower, John. Poet 1320. . 1402 
 
 Goya y Lucientes, Francis. Spanish Painter 1746. . P828 
 
 Goyen, John Joseph van. Dutch Painter 1596. . 1656 
 
 Gozzi, Charles, Count. Italian Dramatist 1 772 . . 1806 
 
 Gozzi, Caspar, Count. Italian Writer 1713. .1786 
 
 Gozzoli, Benozzo. Florentine Painter 1408. , 1478 
 
 Graaf, Reinier de. Dutch Medical Writer 1641 . . 1673 
 
 Graat, or Graet, Bernard. Dutch Historical Painter 1628. .1709 
 
 Qxaaw, or Grauw, Henry. Dutch Painter 1627. . 1682 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 183 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Grabbe, Christian Dietrich. German Dramatist 1801 . . 1836 
 
 Grabe, John Ernest, d. d. Divine and Critic 1666. .1711 
 
 Gracchus, Caius. Tribune 154. 121 b.c. 
 
 Gracchus, Tiberius, brother. Roman Tribune 163. 133 B.C. 
 
 Gracian, Balthasar. Span. Jesuit, Preacher, and Writer 1584. .1658 
 
 Gradenigo, Peter. Doge of Venice 1249. . 1311 
 
 Graefe, Charles Ferdinand von. German Surgeon 1787. .1840 
 
 Graeme, John. Scottish Poet 1748.. 1772 
 
 Graevius, Jolm Gecfrge. Classical Antiquary 1632. .1703 
 
 Graflf, Anthony. German Portrait Painter 1736. -1813 
 
 Graffigny, Frances. {Lettres d'une Peruvienne) 1694. .1758 
 
 Grafton, Aug. Hen. Fitzroy, Duke of. Polit. and Writer 1736. .1811 
 
 Grafton, Charles Fitzroy, Duke of. Politician 1683 ..1757 
 
 Grafton, Richard. Chronicler and Printer — aft. 1572 
 
 Graggini, Anthony Francis. Italian Poet 1503- -15^3 
 
 Graham, Catherine Macaulay, Mrs 1733. . 1 791 
 
 Graham., George. Mechanician 1675 . . 1751 
 
 Graham, Isabella. Philanthropist 1742. . 1814 
 
 Graham, Sir James. Companion of Wallace — . .1298 
 
 Graham, James, Marquis of Montrose. Scottish Royalist, 
 
 executed. Life by Wishart, 1819; M. Napier, 1840 . . 1612. .1650 
 Grahami, Sir James Robert George. Statesman. Life by 
 
 Torrens, 1863 1792. . 1861 
 
 Graham, John, of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee 1650?. 1689 
 
 Graham, John Andrew, ll,. d. Amer. Advocate & Author 1764. . 1841 
 
 Graham, Joseph. American Revolutionary Soldier 1759. . 1836 
 
 Graham, Mrs. Maria. See Callcott 1788. .1842 
 
 Graham, Sir Richard, Visct. Preston. Statesm. & Writer 1648. . 1695 
 Graham, Robert, m. d. Professor of Botany, Glasgow. . . 1786. . 1845 
 
 Graham, Sylvester. Vegetarian i794- .1851 
 
 Grahame, Rev. James. Poet. ( The Sabbath) 1765 .. 181 1 
 
 Graham^e, James. Scottish Historian 1790- • 1842 
 
 Grain, John Baptist le. French historical Writer 1565. .1642 
 
 Graindorge, Andrew. Fr. Physician and Natural Philos. 1616. .1676 
 Grainger, James. Physician and Poet. {Sugar- Cane). . ly 22^.1767 
 Grainger, Richard, of Newcastle. Architect and Builder 1798. .i86i 
 Gramaye, John Baptist. Flemish Traveler, Poet, Hist. 1580?. 1635 
 Grammont, Anthony Louis Mary, Duke of. General ... 1775 . . 1836 
 Grammont, Gabriel de Barthelemi, Seigneur de. Hist. 1590?. 1654 
 
 Grammont, Philibert, Count of. Wit and Courtier 1621, .1707 
 
 Gramont, Anthony, Duke of. Marshal of Fr. {Memoirs) 1604. . 1678 
 
 Granby, John Manners, Marquis of. General 1721 . .1770 
 
 Grand, Anthony le. Fr. Cartesian Philosopher and Hist. 17th c. 
 
 Grand, Joachim le. French Political Writer 1653. -1733 
 
 Grand, Louis le. Doctor of the Sorbonne ; Theologian ... 1 71 1 . . 1 780 
 
 Grand, Mark Anthony le. French Actor 1673 . .1728 
 
 Grand. See Legrand. 
 
 Qrandet, Joseph, of Angers. Biographer 1646. .1724 
 
 Grandi, Ercole. Ercole da Ferrara. Italian Painter . . . 1491 . .1531 
 Grandi, Guy le. Italian Math. {De Jnfinitis Infinitorum) 1671 . . 1742 
 Qrandin, IVIartin. Doctor of the Sorbonne. {Popular 
 
 Course of Theology) 1604. . 1691 
 
 Grandmaison, Michael. French Revolutionist 1771 • -1794 
 
 Orandpr6, Louis Mary Jos. Ohier, Ct. de. Navig. & Trav. 1761 . . 1846 
 
184 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY; 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Qrandville, John Ign. Isid. Gerard. French Caricaturist 1803. .1847 
 
 Granet, Francis. French Critic 1692. .1741 
 
 Granet, Francis Marius. French Painter 1775 • • ^^^49 
 
 Grange, Joseph de Chancel de la. Fr. Poet. {Philippics) 1677. .1758 
 
 Granger, Gideon. American Statesman 1767. . 1822 
 
 Granger, Rev. James. { Biographical History of England) 1716'. 1776 
 Grant, Mrs. Anne, of Laggan. Writer. Life bv her son 1755. .1838 
 Grant, Charles, m. p. East India Director and Writer. . . 1746. .1823 
 
 Grant, Edward. Classical Poet and Writer — . . 1601 
 
 Grant, Francis, Lord Cullen. Scottish Judge 1660?. 1726 
 
 Grant, James. Scottish Barrister and Archaeologist I743- -1835 
 
 Grant, Patrick, Lord Preston-Grange. Scottish Judge . . 1698. .1762 
 
 Grant, Sir William. Master of the Rolls i754- • 1832 
 
 Granvelle, Anthony Perrenot, Lord of. Cardinal. 15 16. .1586 
 
 Granville, George, Viscount Lansdowne. Poet and Polit. 1667. .1735 
 Granville, Granville Leveson-Gower, Earl of. Statesman 1773. .1846 
 
 Granville, John Carteret, Earl of. Statesman 1690. .1763 
 
 Granville, or Greenville, Sir Richard. Admiral 1540 • -1591 
 
 Gras, Anthony le. French Writer. (Apostolic Fathers) . i6So^ .17^1 
 
 Graswinkel, Theodore. Dutch Publicist 1600. . 1666 
 
 Gratarolus, William. Ital. Physician & Writer at Basle 1516. .1568 
 
 Gratian. Roman Emperor (367-83) 359. . 383 
 
 Gratiani, Jerome. Italian Poetical and Prose Writer fl. 17th c. 
 
 Gratiolet, Louis Peter. Physiologist. {Anatomie Compa- 
 
 ree du Systeme Nerveux) 1815 . . 1865 
 
 Gratius, Ortwinus. Graes. German Writer. {Lamenia- 
 
 tiones Obscurorum Virorum) — . . 1 541 
 
 Grattan, Henrv. Orator and Statesman. Life by sons, 
 
 1841; D. 0" Madden, 1846 1750. .1820 
 
 Grattan, Thomas Colley. Novelist 1796''. 1864 
 
 Graun, Charles Henry. German Musical Composer 1701 . .1759 
 
 Graunt, Edward. Master of Westminster School. ( Grcecce 
 
 Linguce Specihgium) ^. 1550?. 1601 
 
 Graunt, John. Citizen of London. {Bills of Mortality) 1620. .i6y^ 
 Gravelot, Hubert Francis Bourguignon. Fr. Engraver. . 1699. .1773 
 Graverol, Francis. French Advocate. {Soberiana) .... 1636. .1694 
 
 Graves, Rev. John. Antiquary — • • 1729 
 
 Graves, Rev. Richard. Novelist and Poet 1715- .1804 
 
 Graves, Richard. Dean of Ardagh. {Pentateuch) 1763.. 1829 
 
 Gravesande, Wm. Jas. van 's. Dutch Geomet. & Philos. 1688 . .1742 
 Gravina, Dominic da. Italian Hist. {Lo Storicodi Napoli) fl. 1330-50 
 
 Gravina, John Vincent. Italian Jurist 1664 . . 1718 
 
 Gravina, Peter. Italian Poet 1453 . . 1527 
 
 Gray, Thomas. Poet. Life by Mitford; Mason, 1778 ... 1 716. .1771 
 
 Gray don, Alexander. American Writer 1752. .1818 
 
 Graziani, Anthony Mary. Italian Bishop and Writer. . . 1537. .1611 
 Grazzini, Anthony Francis. IlLasca. Italian Writer .. 1503. .1583 
 
 Grazzini, John Paul, of Ferrara. Painter. — . . 1632 
 
 Greatorex, Thomas. Musical Composer 1758 . . 1831 
 
 Greatrakes, Valentine. Irish Medical Empiric 1628. aft. 1680 
 
 Greaves, John. Orientalist & Math. {Pyramidographia) 1602.. 1652 
 
 Grechetto. Benedict Castiglione. Genoese Painter 1616. .1670 
 
 Gr6court, J. Bapt. Jos. Viliartde. French Poet and Wit 1683. -1743 
 Green, Ashbel, D. D. American Clergyman and Writer 1762. .1848 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 185 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Green, Edward Burnaby. Poetical "Writer and Translator 1 740? . 1 788 
 
 Green, Jacob. American Writer on Science 1790- • 1841 
 
 Green, John. Bishop of Lincoln. {Religious Enthusiasm) 1706. .1779 
 
 Green, John Richard. See GitFord 1758. . 1818 
 
 Green, Joseph Henry'. Anatomist. ( Vital Dynamics ) . . . 1 791 ' . 1863 
 
 Green, Matthew. Poet. Tfie Spleen 1696. .1737 
 
 Green, Richard. Ship Owner of London 1804?. 1863 
 
 Green, Thomas. Writer. (Micthodian) i77o. • 1825 
 
 Green, Valentine. Engraver. {History of Worcester). .. 17 ;^g. .181^ 
 
 Greene, Dr. Maurice. Musical Composer 1696. .1755 
 
 Greene, Nathaniel. American Revolutionary General. . . 1742. .1786 
 
 Greene, Robert. Humorous Poet. Life bv'Dyce 1560?. 1592 
 
 Greene, Thomas. Bishop. {Four Last Things) 1658. . 1738 
 
 Greenfield, William. Orientalist. {Comprehensive Bible) — ..1832 
 
 GreenhiU, John. Painter 1649 . . 1676 
 
 Greenhill, Rev. William, of Stepney. ( On Ezekiel) — . . 1671 
 
 Greenhow, Robert. American Author 1800 . . 1854 
 
 Greenleaf, Simon. American Jurist 1783. . 1853 
 
 Greenough., Horatio. American Sculptor 1805 . , 1852 
 
 Greenville, Sir Bevil. Royalist, fell at Landsdowne 1596. . 1643 
 
 Greenville, or Grenville, Sir Richard. Admiral 1540- -1591 
 
 Greenwood, Francis William Pitt, d. d. Amer. Divine 1797. .1843 
 
 Gregan, John Edgar. Architect of Manchester 1813. . 1855 
 
 Gr6goire, Henry. " Constitutional" Bishop of France . . 1750. .1831 
 
 Gregor, Rev. William. Chemist 1762. .1817 
 
 Gregorio, Rosario. Sicilian Historian and Archaeologist 1753. .1809 
 
 Gregory. Thaumaturgus. Bishop of Caesarea 212''. 270? 
 
 (Gregory Wazianzen. Bishop of Constantinople (380-81). 
 
 Life by Godfrey Hermant ; Ullmann, 1825 314^ • 39°' 
 
 Gregory, St. Bishop of Nyssa 332^ 396? 
 
 Gregory, St. Bishop of Tours (573-95). Historian 544. . 595 
 
 Gregory I. Pope (590-604). The Great. {Gregorian 
 
 Chant.) Life by Denis de Sainte-Marthe, 1697 544?. 604 
 
 Gregory II. (715-731) — . . 731 
 
 Gregory III. (731-41) — . . 741 
 
 Gregory IV. (827-44) — . . 844 
 
 Gregory V. (996-99.) Bruno 972.. 999 
 
 Gregory VI. (1044-46.) John Gratian — . , 1047? 
 
 Gregory VII. (1073-85.) Hildebrand. Life by J. C. 
 
 Dithmar; Voigt; Sonstral; J. W. Bowden, 1841 — . .1085 
 
 Gregory VIII. (1187.) Albert di Mora — . .1187 
 
 Gregory IX. (1227-41.) Ugolino de' Cohti di Segni — . . 1241 
 
 Gregory X. (1271-76.) Theobald Visconti _ . . 1276 
 
 Gregory XI. (1370-78.) Peter Roger de Montroux 1329. . 1378 
 
 Gregory XII. (1406-9.) Angela Conrario 1325 . .1417 
 
 Gregory XIII. (1572-85.) Hugh Buoncompagno 1502. .1585 
 
 Gregory XIV. (1590-91.) Nicholas Sfondraii i534- -1591 
 
 Gregory XV. (1621-23.) Alexander Ludovisio I554' • 1623 
 
 Gregory XVI. (1831-46.) Mauro Capellan 1765 . . 1846 
 
 Gregory, David. Savilian Professor. ( Catenary) 1661 . .1708 
 
 Gregoi^r, Edmund. {Anatomy oj" Christian Melancholy) . . — ..1650 
 Gregory, Geo., d. d. Divine and Misc. Writer. {Essays) 1754. . 1808 
 Gregory, .Jas. Math. Inventor of Reflecting Telescope. 1638. .1675 
 Gregory, John. Divine and Historical Writer 1607. . 1646 
 
186 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Gregory, John, m. d. Professor. ( Human and Animal 
 
 Faculties.) Life by Lord Woodhouselee ; Smellie 1724. .1773 
 
 Gregory, Olynthus Gilbert, ll. d. Mathematician and 
 
 Religious Writer. Life by Robert Hall, 1849 i774- .1841 
 
 Gregory, Peter, of Toulouse. Writer 1540- '1597 
 
 Greig, Samuel Carlowitz. Russian Naval Officer — . .1788 
 
 GreUet, Stephen. Quaker Missionary I773- • 1855 
 
 Grenada, Louis de. Dominican Writer and Preacher . . . 1505 . .1588 
 
 Grenan, Benignus. French Latin Poet 1681 •'' . 1 723 
 
 Grenfell, Pascoe, m. p. Slavery Abolitionist 1762. . 1838 
 
 Grenier, James Raymond. French Hydrographer 1736. . 1803 
 
 Grenville, George. Statesman 1712..1 770 
 
 Grenville, George, Lord Nugent. Statesman 1788. . 185 1 
 
 Grenville, Thos. Statesman. Collector of Grenville Lib. 1755. .1846 
 
 Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord. Statesman i759- -1834 
 
 Greppi, John. Italian Dramatist 1751 . . 1811 
 
 Gresham, Sir Thomas. Life by Seth Ward; Burgon, 1839 15 19. . 1579 
 Gresset, J. Bapt. Louis. Fr. l^oet and Dram. ( Vert Vert) 1709. .1777 
 
 Grossly, Amand. Swiss Geologist 1814^ 1865 
 
 Gr6try, Andrew Ernest Modeste. Fr. Musical Composer. 1741. .1813 
 Gretser, James. Ger. Jesuit, Theologian, and Antiquary 1561. .1625 
 
 Greuze, John Baptist. French Painter 1726. . 1805 
 
 Grevenbroeck. Flemish Painter fl. 17th c. 
 
 GreviUe, Charles. Politician i794- • 1865 
 
 Greville, Sir Fidke, Lord Brooke. Poet and Philosopher 1554. . 1628 
 Gr6vin, James. French Poet, Painter, and Medical Writer 1539. .1570 
 Grevius, or Grsevius, John George. Classical Antiquary . 1632.. 1703 
 
 Grew, Nehemiah. Vegetable Physiologist 1628. .1711 
 
 Grew, Obadiah. Ejected Nonconf. Div. ( The Prodigal Son) 1607. .1698 
 Grey, Charles, Second Earl. Prime Minister {1830-3-i) . . 1764. .1845 
 Grey, Lady Jane. L.by G.Howard,1822 ; Sir H. Nicolas, 1825 1537 . . 1 554 
 Grey, Richard, D. D. Divine. {Memoria Technica) .... 1694. .1771 
 Grey, Zachary, ll. d. Divine, and Miscellaneous Writer 1687. .1766 
 Gribaldi, Matthew. Mofa. Italian Writer on Civil Law — . .1564 
 Griboy6dov, Alex. Sergievich. Russian Poet and Diplom. 1795 . . 1829 
 
 Gridley, Philo. American Jurist 1796. . 1864 
 
 Gridley, Jeremiah. American Lawyer 1705?. 1767 
 
 Griebner, Michael Henn^. Jurist at Wittemberg 1682. . 1734 
 
 Grierson, Constantia. Irish Scholar 1706. .1733 
 
 Griesbach, John James. Editor of Greek Testament . . . 1745 • • 1812 
 
 Griffet, Henry. French Jesuit Writer 1698. .1771 
 
 Griffier, John. The Elder. Landscape Painter 1645 . .1718 
 
 Griffier, Robert, son. The Younger. Painter in England 1688.aft.1713 
 Griffin, Edmund Dorr. American Divine and Writer . . . 1804. .1830 
 Griffin, Edward Dorr. American Divine and Educator 1770.. 1837 
 
 Griffin, Gerald. Irish Novelist 1803 . . 1840 
 
 Griffith, Mrs. Elizabeth. Novelist 1 730? . 1 793 
 
 Griffith, MichaeL Jesuit. {Annales JEcclesioB Briiannicce) i^Sy. .i6s,2 
 
 Griffith, William. Naturalist 1810. . 1845 
 
 Griffiths, Ralph. Editor of the Monthly Review 1720. . 1803 
 
 Grignan, Frances Margaret de S^vign^, Countess of. Epis- 
 
 tolographer 1646. .1705 
 
 Grignon, James. French Engraver fl. 1680 
 
 Gr^jalva, John de. Spanish Navigator — . .1527 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 187 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Grimaldi, Francis Mary. Jesuit Mathematician 1618. . 1663 
 
 Grimaldi, Jerome. Cardinal and Nuncio 1597 . . 1685 
 
 Grimaldi, John Francis. 11 Bolognese. Painter 1606. . 1680 
 
 Grimaldi, Joseph. Clown i779- -1837 
 
 Grim.aldi, Stacey, F. s. A. Antiqiiary and Genealogist . . — ..1863 
 
 Grimani, Dominic. Cardinal. Patron of Art 1460. .1523 
 
 Grimani, Hubert. Portrait Painter of Delft i599- • 1629 
 
 Grimarest, John L^onor le Gallois, Sieurde. Fr. Writer — . .1720 
 Grimaud, John Chas. M. W. de. Med. Writ at Montpellier 1 750 . . 1 789 
 Grimk6, Thomas Smith. American Lawyer and Scholar 1778. .1834 
 Grimm, Frederick Melchior, Baron. Diplomatist. ( Cor- 
 
 respondance Litleraire) 1723. . 1807 
 
 Grimm, Jacob Louis Chas. Philol. {Deutsckes Worterhuch) 1785. .1863 
 
 Grimm, William Charles. Philologist 1786. . 1859 
 
 Grimmer, James. Landscape Painter of Antwerp 1510. .1546 
 
 Grim.oard, Philip Henry, Count de. French Diplomatist, 
 
 General, Writer ^75°- • '^*5 
 
 Grimoux, Alexis, or John. SavIss Painter 1688. .1740 
 
 Grimston, Sir Harbottle. Lawyer, Speaker i594- • 1683 
 
 Grindal, Edm. Abp. of Cant. (1576-83). L. bv Strype, 1710 1 5 19. . 1583 
 
 Grinfield, Rev. E. W. Biblical Critic ....." 1 784? . 1864 
 
 Gringoire, or Gringore, Peter. French Poet I478•^ 1544? 
 
 Grisaunt, William. English Astrologer and Physician . . — aft. 1360 
 
 Griscom, John, lLi. d. American Educator i774- • 1852 
 
 Griswold, Alexander Viets, d. d. American Divine 1766. .1843 
 
 Griswold, Ro^er. Governor of Connecticut 1762. .1812 
 
 Griswold, Rutus Wilmot. American Author 181 5 . . 1854 
 
 Gritti, Andrew. Doge of Venice i454- • 1538 
 
 Grive, John de la. French Geographer 1689. .1757 
 
 Grocyn, William, of Oxford. Scholar 1442, .1519 
 
 Grohmann, John Godfrey. Compiler and Translator. . . — ..1805 
 Grolier, John. Fr. Statesm., Patr. of Learn., & Collector 1479. .1565 
 
 Grolm^ann, Charles Louis William. German Jurist 1775. -1829 
 
 Gronovius, James. ( Thesaurus Antiquitatum Grcecarum) 1645 . .1716 
 Gronovius, John Fred., of Leyden. Critic. ( Observatimis) 161 1 . . 1671 
 Gronovius, John Frederick. Botanist. {Flora Orienialis) 1690.. 1762 
 Gronovius, Laur. Theod. Nat. (Museum J cthyob(/icu7n) 1730. .1777 
 Gronow, Rees Howell. Captain. Writer. {BecoUections) lyg^. .iS6^ 
 Groot, Gerhard. Founder of the " Brethren and Clerks 
 
 of the Common Life " I340- -1384 
 
 Groot, or Grotius, Hugo de, which see 1583. • 1645 
 
 Gtos, Anthony John, Baron. French Painter 1771 • • 1835 
 
 Gros, Nicholas le. French Theologian 1675 . . 1751 
 
 Gros, Peter le. French Sculptor 1666. .1719 
 
 Grose, Francis. Antiquary and Miscellaneous Writer. . . 1731. .1791 
 Grosley, Peter John. French Law Writer. (Z,(mc?res). . 1718. .1785 
 Grosseteste, or Greathead, Robert. Bishop of Lincoln. 
 
 Life by Bardney ; Pegge 1175^.1253 
 
 Grossmann, Gustavus Fred. Wm. Ger. Actor and Dram. 1 746. . 1796 
 Grotefend, Dr. George Frederick. Cuneiform Decipherer 1775. .1853 
 Grotius, Hugo. De Groot. Life by Cattenberg ; Barksdale, 
 1652 ; J. L. de Burigny, 1754; Luden, 1806 ; Chas. But- 
 ler, 1826 1583.. 1645 
 
 Grotius, Wm., br. Lawyer. {Enchiridion de Frincipiis) 1597. .1662 
 
188 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Groto, Louis. II Cieco. Italian Poet 1541 . . 
 
 Grouchy, Emaauel, Marquis of. Marshal of France 1 766 . . 
 
 Grove, Heniy. Nonconformist Divine. L. by T. Amory 1683. . 
 
 Grove, Joseph. (Life of Cardinal Wulsey) '. — . . 
 
 Gruber, John Godfrey. German Writer X774- • 
 
 Gruchius, or Grouchy, Nich. Fr. Scholar. {DeComitiis) 1520?. 
 
 Grudius, Nicholas Everard, of Brabant. Latin Poet 1515'- 
 
 Grundy, Felix. American Statesman i777- • 
 
 Gruner, John Frederick. German Theologian & Scholar 1723. . 
 
 Gruter, John. {Inscriptiones ; Thesaurus ; Delicice Poet.) 1560. . 
 
 Gruter, Peter. Flemish Phys. ( Century of Latin Letters) 1555'. 
 
 Grynseus, John James. Swiss Protestant Divine 1540- • 
 
 Grynseus, Simon. Swiss Classical Scholar and Reformer 1493. . 
 
 Gryphius, Andrew. German Dramatist 1616. . 
 
 Gryphius, Christian. Scholar. (Poems in German). . . . 1649. . 
 
 Gryphius, Sebastian, of Lyons. Printer 1493 . . 
 
 Guadagno, Gaetano. Singer 1725"'. 
 
 Guadagnoli, Philip. Orientalist I596^ 
 
 Gua de Malves, John Paul de. French "Writer. (L^ Ana- 
 lyse de Descartes) "^T^Z- • 
 
 Guadet, Margaret Eli. French (Girondist) Statesman. . . 1758. . 
 
 Guagnino, Alexander. {Rerum Polonicarum Scriptores) 1538?. 
 
 Gualdo-Priorato, Galeas. Italian Soldier and Historian 1606. . 
 
 Gualterus, Rodolphus. Walther. Swiss Prot. Theologian 1519. . 
 
 Guarin, Peter. Benedictine of Rouen. Hebraist 1678. . 
 
 Guarini, Camillo Guarino. Italian Architect 1624. . 
 
 Guarini, John Baptist. Italian Poet. {II Pastor Fido). . 1537. . 
 
 Guarino, of Verona. Reviver of Learning. Life by Ros- 
 
 mini, 1805 , .. . 1370. . 
 
 Guasco, Octavian. Italian Writer 1712. . 
 
 Guatimozin. Last King of Mexico ; murdered by Cortes — . . 
 
 Guay-Trouin, Ren^ du. French Naval Officer 1673 . . 
 
 Guazzo, Mark. Italian Historical Writer 1496?. 
 
 Guazzo, Stephen. Italian Poet and Writer 1530- • 
 
 Gubbio, Oderigi da. Italian Painter — . . 
 
 Gude, or Gudius, Marquard. German Antiquary 1635 . . 
 
 Gudiri de la BreneUerie, Paul Philip. French Writer 1738. . 
 
 Gudius, Gottlob Fred. Lutheran Minister and Writer . . 1701. . 
 
 Guedier de St. Aubin, Hen. Mich. (Des deux Alliances) 1695 . . 
 
 Gu6rard, Benjamin Edme Charles. French Archaeologist 1797. . 
 
 Gu6rard, Robt. Fr. Benedict. {Abridgment of the Bible) 1641. . 
 
 Guerchi, Claude Louis Francis Regnier, Count de. Gen- 
 eral and Ambassador 1715 • • 
 
 Guercino da Cento. See Barbie ri. Painter 1 590 . . 
 
 Gu6ret, Gabriel. {Le Parnasse "Ueforme) 1641 . . 
 
 Guerieke, Otto von. Experimental Philosopher 1602 . . 
 
 Gu6rin, Eugenie de. {Journal) — . . 
 
 Gu6rin, John Baptist Paulin. French Painter 1783 • • 
 
 Gu6rin, Maurice de. French Writer — . . 
 
 Gu6rin, Peter Narcissus. French Painter 1774. . 
 
 Gueriniere, Frs. Robichion de la. {V£cole de Cavalerie) — . . 
 
 Gueroult, Peter Claude Bernard; French Writer i744- • 
 
 Guerrero, Vincent. Mexican Dictator — . . 
 
 Guesclin, Bertrand du. See Duguesclin I3i4''- 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 189 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Guess, Geo. Sequoyah. Inventor of Cherokee Alphabet 1770?. 1843 
 Guettard, John Stephen. Fr. Botanist and Mineralogist 171 5. .1786 
 Gueiilette, Thomas Simon. Fr. Novelist and Dramatist 1683?. 1766 
 Guevara, Anthony de. Span. Writer. (i)ia/o/'PWwces) 1490. .1544 
 
 Guevara, John Ninno de. Spanish Painter 1632. . 1698 
 
 Guevara, Louis Velez de. Spanish Poet. {El Diab. C()ju.) 1574. . 1646 
 
 Guglielmi, Peter. Italian Musician and Composer 1727. • 1804 
 
 Guglielraini, Dominic. Italian Phys. and Mathematician 1655 . . 1710 
 G\iibert, Abbot, of Nogent. ( Gesfa Dei per Francos). . . 1053. .1124 
 Guibert, James Anthony Hippolytus, Count de. French 
 
 Soldier and Writer. {Essai General de Tactique) i743- -1790 
 
 Guicciardini, Francis, of Florence. {History of Italy). . 1482. .1540 
 Guicciardini, Louis, neph. {Descript. of the Low Countries) 1523 . .1589 
 Guichard, Claude de. {Funerals of the Ancients). ...... — . . 1607 
 
 Guichenon, Samuel. French Historian. {Houseof Savoy) 1607. .166/^. 
 
 Guidi, Charles Alexander. Italian Poet 1650 . . 1712 
 
 Guidi, Thomas. II Masaccio. Florentine Painter 1402.. 1443 
 
 Guidiccioni, John. Italian Statesman and Writer 1500. .1541 
 
 Guido Aretino, or d'Arezzo. Restorer of Music 990'- — 
 
 Guido Canlassi. Cagnacci. Italian Historical Painter 160 1. .1681 
 
 Guido Reni. Italian Painter 1574'' • 1642 
 
 Guido Ubaldo, Mary. Italian Mathematician 1540?. 160 1? 
 
 Guidott, Thos. ( On Natural Baths and Mineral Waters) 1638.aft.1695 
 Guidotti Borgliese, Paul. Italian Painter, Sculptor, and 
 
 Architect 1 569 . . 1629 
 
 Guignard, John. Briquarel. French Jesuit; executed — ••i595 
 Guignes, Christopher Louis Joseph. French Orientalist 1759.. 1845 
 Guignes, Joseph de. Orientalist. {Hist, of the Huns, <fc.) 1 721 . . 1800 
 
 Guignon, John Peter. Violinist 1702. .1774 
 
 Guilandinus, Melchior. Phys. and Bot. of Konigsberg — ..1589 
 Guilbert de Pix6r6court, Rend Charles. Fr. Dramatist 1773. .1844 
 Guild, William. Scottish Divine. Life by Dr. ShirretFs 1586. .165.7 
 
 Guilford, Francis North, Lord. Lord Keeper 1637. .1685 
 
 Gvulhem de Clermont-Lodeve, William Emanuel Jo- 
 seph, Baron de St. Croix. French Historian and Pub- 
 licist. {Examen des Historiens d^ Alexandre) 1746. . 1809 
 
 Gviillain, Simon. Sculptor of Paris 1581.. . 1658 
 
 GuiUelmus Gemmeticensis. William of Jumieges. . . . fl. 1070-87 
 
 Guillelmus Pictavensis. William of Poitiers 1020?. aft. 1088? 
 
 GuLlIemain, Gabriel. Violinist 1705 • •'^71° 
 
 Guilleraeau, James. French Surgeon 1550'. 1613 
 
 Guilleininot, Armand Charles, Count. French General 
 
 and Diplomatist i774- .1840 
 
 Gtullet de St. Georges, George. French Historian 1625?. 1705 
 
 Guilliaud, Claude. French Biblical Writer fl. i6th c. 
 
 GuiUim, John. Heraldic Writer. {Display of Heraldry) 1565 . . 1621 
 GuiUon, Mary Nich. Silvester. Bp. of Beauvals. Writer 1760. . 1847 
 
 Guillotin, Joseph Ignatius. French Physician ^73^- • 1814 
 
 Guinand, M. Swiss Optician 1745?. 1825 
 
 Guinicelli, Guido. Italian Judge and Poet — . .1276 
 
 Guinther, John. German Medical Writer 1487 . . 1574 
 
 Guiscard, Robert, Duke of Apulia. Norman Conqueror 1015''. 1085 
 Guiscliard, or Guischardt, Charles Theophilus. Quintus 
 
 Icilius. Tactician 1742 . . 1775 
 
190 A BRIEF BIOGEAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Guise, Antoinette de Bourbon, Duchess of. i493- • 1583 
 
 Guise, Charles of. Cardinal of Lorraine. Minister of 
 
 Francis II. and Charles IX 1525. •1574 
 
 Guise, Charles de Lorraine, Fourth Duke of 1571 . . 1640 
 
 Guise, Claude de Lorraine, First Duke of 1496. . 1550 
 
 Guise, Francis of Lorraine, Duke of. Commander; as- 
 sassinated I5I9- -1563 
 
 Guise, Francis Joseph de Lorraine, 7th and last Duke of 1670. .1675 
 Guise, Henry of Lorraine, Duke of. Balafre. Persecu- 
 tor; assassinated. Life by Valincourt i550' -iSS^ 
 
 Guise, Henry 11. de Lorraine, Fifth Duke of. Warrior. . 1614. .1664 
 
 Guise, John de Lorraine de. Cardinal 1498 ..1550 
 
 Guise, Louis II. de Lorraine, Cardinal de 1555 .. 1588 
 
 Guise, Louis HI. de Lorraine, Cardinal de 1575 or 85 . 1621 
 
 Guise, Louis Joseph de Lorraine, Sixth Duke of 1650. . 1671 
 
 Guise, William. English Divine and Orientalist 1653. . 1684 
 
 Guittone d'Arezzo, Fra. Italian Poet 1230 '^ 1294 
 
 Guizot, Madame Elizabeth Charlotte Pauline. Writer. . . 1773. . 1827 
 
 Guldenstaedt, John Anthony. Russian Naturalist 1745 . . 1781 
 
 Guldinus, Habakkuk. Mathemat. ( De Centro Gravitatis) 1577.. 1643 
 
 Giinderode, Caroline von. German Poetess 1780. . 1806 
 
 Gundling, Nicholas Jerome. German Philosopher 1671 . .1729 
 
 Gundulitsch, Ivan. Serbian Poet 1588 . . 1638 
 
 Gundulph. Bishop of Rochester. Architect .• — . . 1108 
 
 Gunner, John Ernest. Norwegian Naturalist 1718. .1773 
 
 Gunning, Peter. Bishop of Ely (1675-84) 161 3. . 1684 
 
 Gunst, Peter van. Dutch Portrait Engraver 1667?. — 
 
 Gunter, Rev. Edmund. Inventor of Uunter's Scale 1581 . .1626 
 
 Gurnal, William, of Lavenham. Divine. ( Christian in 
 
 Complete Armor) 1617. . 1679 
 
 Gurney, Hudson, m. p. Antiquarian and Poet. ( Cupid 
 
 and Psyche) 1774'' • 1864 
 
 Gurney, Jos. John, of Earlham. L. by Braithwaite, 1851 1788 . . 1847 
 Gurney, Thomas. Short-hand Writer. (Brachygraphy) 1705 ''.1770 
 Gurwood, John. Colonel. Ed. of Wellington JJi'spatcKes 1790. .1845 
 Gusman, Bartholomew Lawrence de. Brazilian Engi- 
 neer i685?.aft.i724 
 
 Gusman, Louis. Spanish Jesuit; Writer — . . 1605 
 
 Gustavusl. King of Sweden (1523-60). Vasa. Life by 
 
 Archenholz ; Count Selly, 1807 1490. .1560 
 
 GustavusII. (1611-32.) Adolphus. Life by Chapman ; 
 De Prade, tr. by Spence,1689; E.D. Mauvillon, 1764; 
 W. Harte and Stockdale, 1807; A. F. Gfroerer, 1831; 
 
 J. F. Holling, 1839 ; Oxenstierna 1594. . 1632 
 
 Gustavus III. (1771-92.) Life by Possett; Geisler; 
 
 Oxenstierna 1746. .1792 
 
 Gustavus IV. (1792-1809) 1778. . 1837 
 
 Gutch, John. Antiquary. ( Collectanea Curiosa) i745 • • 1831 
 
 Gutch, John Mathew, F. s. A., son. Author i777- • 1861 
 
 Gutenberg, John, of Mentz. Printer 1400?. 1468? 
 
 Guthieres, James. French Advocate and Antiquary ... — . .1638 
 Guthrie, William. Historical and Miscellaneous Writer 1708. .1770 
 Guthry, Henry. Bishop of Dunkeld. Historian. Life by 
 
 George Crawford — . . 1676 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 191 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Quts-Mutlis, John Christopher Frederick. German In- 
 structor of Youth 1759- -1839 
 
 Gutsslaflf, Dr. Charles. Chinese Scholar and Missionary. . 1803. .1851 
 Guy of Lusignan. King of Jerusalem and of Cyprus. . 1140?. 1 194 
 
 Guy, Thomas. Founder of Guy's Hospital 1644. .1724 
 
 Guyard de Berville. French Historical Writer 1697 . . 1 770 
 
 Guyet, Francis. French Critic 1575 . . 1655 
 
 Guyon, Claude Mary. French Historical Writer 1699. .1771 
 
 Guyon, Madame Jane Mary Bouvier de la Mothe. Mystic. 
 
 Life by self, translated by Cowper; T. C. Upham, 1851 1648. .1717 
 Guyon, Richard Debaufr^. Hungarian General during 
 
 1848-49 1813. . 1856 
 
 Guys, Peter Augustine. ( Voyage Litteraire de la Grece) 1720. .1799 
 Guy se, John. Independent Div. {Paraphrase on N. Test.) 16S0. .iy6x 
 Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard. French Chemist 1737- .1816 
 
 Gwilt, George. Architect and Antiquary i775 • .1856 
 
 Gwilt, Joseph. Saxonist and Writer on Architecture. . . . 1784. . 1863 
 Gwilym, David ap. David of Glamorgan. Welsh Bard 1340. .1400' 
 Gwinne, Matthew, m.d. Gresham Profess. Med. Writer 1554?. 1627 
 
 Gwynn, Eleanor. Actress. Favorite of Charles II — ..1687 
 
 Gyges. Lydian Prince fl.Sth c. B.C. 
 
 Gyllenborg-Ehrensverd, Thomasina Christina Buntzen, 
 
 Madame. Danish Romancist 1 773 . . 1856 
 
 Gyrowetz, Adalbert. Bohemian Composer 1763. .1850 
 
 Gyzen, Peter. Flemish Painter 1636 .. 1 700? 
 
192 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 H. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Haansbergen, John van. Painter of Utrecht 1642 . . 1 705 
 
 Haas, John Matthew. Ger. Geogr. and Hist. {HisL Atlas) 1684. .1742 
 
 Haas, John Philip de. American General I735''- ^794' 
 
 Haas, William. Swiss Type Founder and Printer 1 741 .. 1800 
 
 Habakkuk. Prophet of Judah fl. b.c. 600? 
 
 Haberlin, Charles Frederick. Jurist — . . 1808 
 
 Haberlin, Francis Dominic. Ger. Historian and Antiq. 1720.. 1787 
 
 Habert, Francis. French Poet 1520?. 1562? 
 
 Habert, Isaac. French Bishop and Anti-Jansenist — . . 1668 
 
 Habert, Philip. French Academician. Poetical Writer. , 1605?. 1637 
 Habert de C6risy, Germain. French Writer and Poet. . 1615?. 1655 
 Habicot, Nicholas. French Surgeon and Medical Writer 1550. . 1624 
 
 Habington, Thomas. Conspirator 1560. . 1647 
 
 Habington, William, son. Poet and Historian 1605 . . 1645 
 
 Hachette, John Nicholas Peter. French Mathematician 1769.. 1834 
 Hackaert, or Hakkert, John. Dutch Landscape Painter 1636. . 1699 
 
 Hackert, Philip. German Landscape Painter i737- • 1807 
 
 Hacket, John. Bp. of Lichfield and Cov. L. by Plume 1592. .1670 
 
 Hacket, William. Fanatic — . .1592 
 
 Haekley, Rev. Charles W. Mathematical Writer 1809. . 1861 
 
 Hackspan, Theodore. Ger. Orientalist and Theologian 1607.. 1659 
 
 Hacquet, Balthasar. French Naturalist 1740. . 181 5 
 
 Haddik, Andrew, Count von. German Field Marshal ... 1 710 . . 1 790 
 Haddon, Walter. {Reformatio Lequm Ecclesinsticarum) 15 16. . 1572 
 Hadji Khalifah. Mustafa-ben- Ab'dallah. Turkish Hist. — . . 1658 
 
 Hadley, John. Inventor of the Quadrant — . .1744 
 
 Hadrian. Roman Emperor (117-138). L. by Spartianus 76.. 138 
 
 Haen, Anthony van. Dutch Medical Writer 1704. .1776 
 
 Haeplem, Theodore, or Dirk van. Dutch Painter 1410?. 1470 
 
 HafenrefFer, Samuel. German Medical Writer 1587 . . 1660 
 
 Hafiz, Mohammed. Persian Poet ; tr. by Sir W. Jones . . —..1389 
 Hagedorn, Christian Louis von. (Bemarks on Painting) 171 3. .1780'' 
 
 Hagedorn, Frederick von. German Poet 1708. . 1754 
 
 Hagen, Fred. Henry von der. Ger. Literary Hist. & Critic 1780 . . 1856 
 
 Hagen, John van. Landscape Painter fi.1650-62 
 
 Hager, Joseph von. Italian Orientalist i757- • 1819 
 
 Haggai. Prophet of Judah fl. b.c. 530? 
 
 Hague, Dr. Charles. Musical Composer 1769. . 1821 
 
 Haguenier, John. French Poet — . .1738 
 
 Haguenot, Henry. Medical Writer of Montpellier 1687. .1775 
 
 Hahn, Dr. Charles Augustus. Philologist 1807. .1857 • 
 
 Hahn, Philip Matthew. Mechanical Inventor i739- -1790 
 
 Habn, Simon Frederick. Historian 1692. .1729 
 
 Hahnemann, Samuel Christian Frederick. Founder of 
 
 Homoeopathy i755 • • 1843 
 
 Hailes, Dav. Dalrymple, Ld. Judge. {Annals of Scotland) 1^26. .lygz 
 Haillan, Bernard'de Girard, Sieur d'. {Hist' of France) 1535. .1610 
 
 Haines, .Joseph. Comedian — . . 1701 
 
 Hakem-Bamrillali. Caliph of Egypt (996-1020) 985 . . 1021 
 
 Hakewill, Rev. George. {Power and Providence of God) 1579. . 1649 
 
' A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 193 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hakewill, James. {History of Windsor) — . . 
 
 Hakim Ben Allah, or Ben Hashem. Arabian Moham- 
 medan Sectary 8th 
 
 HaMuyt, Richard. ( Voyages and Discoveries) i553^ • 
 
 Haldane, James Alexander. Preacher. {Atonement.) 
 
 Life by Alexander Haldane 1768. . 
 
 Haldane,' Robert. Writer. {Evidences; Romans.) Life 
 
 by Alexander Haldane 1764. . 
 
 Halde, John Baptist du. Jesuit. Writer on China 1674. . 
 
 Hale, David. American Journalist 1791 • • 
 
 Hale, Sir Matthew. Judge. Life by Bishop Burnet, 1682 ; 
 
 Dr. Williams ; Roscoe 1609. . 
 
 Hale, Nathan. American Revolutionar}' Oflficer ^755 • • 
 
 Hale, Nathan, ll. d. American Journalist 1784. . 
 
 Hales, Alexander. Irrefragable Doctor. Theologian... — .. 
 Hales, John, of Eton. Ever Memorable. L. by Des Maizeaux 1584. . 
 Hales, Stephen, d. d. Philosopher. {Vegetable Statics) 1677.. 
 Hales, Rev. Dr. Wm.^of Kildare. {Analysis of Chronology) — . . 
 Hal6vy, Jas. Francis Fromenthal Elie. Fr. Mus. Comp. 1799. . 
 
 Halford, Sir Henry, m. d. Physician 1766. . 
 
 Halhed, Nathaniel Brassy. Orientalist 175 1 . . 
 
 Haliburton,Thomas Chandler, M. p. Nova Scotian Judge, 
 
 Author, and Politician. ( Sam Slick) 1796. . 
 
 Halifax, Charles Montague, Earl of. Statesman and Poet 1661 . . 
 Halifax, Geo. Saville, 1st V. C & 1st Marquess of. Statesm. 1630. . 
 Halifax, Samuel. Bishop of St. Asaph. Editor of Butler 1733. . 
 Halket, Lady Anne. Medical and Theological Writer. . . 1622.. 
 Hall, Basil. Capt. e. n. Writer of Voyages and Travels 1788. . 
 
 Hall, Edward. Historian. ( Chronicles) i499^ 
 
 Hall, Gordon. American Missionary 1784. . 
 
 Hall, Sir James, of Edinburgh. Scientific Writer 1760. . 
 
 Hall, John, of Durham. Poet 1627 . . 
 
 Hall, John E. American Author 1783. . 
 
 Hall, Joseph. Bishop of Norwich. {Contemplations.) Life 
 
 by Pratt, 1808 1574. . 
 
 Hall,"Dr. Marshall. Phvsician. Life by Mrs. Hall 1700.. 
 
 Hall, Rd. Rom. Cath. Div. {Hist, of the troubles of his Time) — . . 
 Hall, Robert. Baptist Preacher. Life by 0. Gregory ; J. 
 
 W. Morris, 1846 1764. . 
 
 Hall, Robert Pleasants. American Lawyer and Poet. . . . 1825 . . 
 
 Hallam, Arthur Henry. Life by J. Brown, m. d 181 1 . . 
 
 Hallam, Henry. Historian. {Europe in the Middle Ages) 1 778 . . 
 
 Hall6, Anthony. French Latin Poet i593- • 
 
 Hall6, Claude Guy. French Painter 1652. . 
 
 HallS, or Halley, Peter. French Civilian and Poet 161 1. . 
 
 Haller, Albert von. Physician, Philosopher, Poet. Life 
 
 by J. G. Zimmerman'n, 1755; Thomas Henry, 1783. . . 1708. . 
 Haller, Amadeus Emanuel, son. Hist, and Numismatist 1735. . 
 
 HaUer, John. German Sculptor 1782. . 
 
 Hallet, Joseph. Controv. Div. {Study of Holy Scripture) i6g2. . 
 
 Halley, Edmund. Astronomer 1656. . 
 
 Halliday, Sir Andrew. Physician and Historical Writer — . . 
 
 Hallier, Francis. French Theologian 1595 . . 
 
 HaUifax, or Halifax, Samuel. Bishop. Editor of Butler 1733. . 
 
194 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. • 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hallock, Jeremiah. American Divine 1758 . .1826 
 
 Hallock, Moses, brother. Clergyman 1760. . 1837 
 
 Hals, Dirk van. Painter 1589. . 1656 
 
 Hals, Francis van, brother. Dutch Portrait Painter 1584. .1656 
 
 Halton, Immanuel. Astronomer and Mathematician 1627?. 1699 
 
 Halyburton, Thomas. Scottish Divine. Life by self. . . 1674. -1712 
 Hamann, John Geo. Ger. Philos. {Magus of the North) 1730. .1788 
 Hamberger, George Albert. Mathematician of Franconia 1662. .1716 
 Hamberger, George Christopher. Scholar of Gottingen 1729. .1773 
 
 Hamberger, George Edward. Medical Writer 1697. .1755 
 
 Hamel, John Baptist du. French Divine 1624 : 1706 
 
 Hamel, Dr. -Toseph. Writer on Physical Science 1788^ 1862 
 
 Hamel du Monceau, Henry Louis"^ du. French Botanist 1700. .1782 
 Ham.ilcar Barca. Punic General ; father of Hannibal . . — B.c.229 
 Hamilton, Alexander. American Statesman. Life by J. 
 
 C Hamilton, 1842 1757. . 1804 
 
 Hamilton, Anthony, Count. {Memoirs of Grammont) . . 1646. .1720 
 
 Hamilton, David. " Scottish Architect 1768 . . 1843 
 
 HamUton, Mrs. Eliz. Writer. Life by Miss Benger, 1818 1758. .1816 
 
 Hamilton, Emma, Lady. Friend of Nelson 1761 . . 1815 
 
 Hamilton, Gavin. Historical Painter 1730''. 1797 
 
 Hamilton, Hugh. Bp. Ossory. Math. ( Come *Secfe'ows) 1729. .1805 
 Hamilton, James, First Duke of. Defeated at Preston; 
 
 beheaded. L. by Nedham, 1649 ; Bishop Burnet, 1676 1606. . 1649 
 
 Hamilton, James. Author of Uamiltonian System 1775 . . 1829 
 
 Hamilton, James. American Statesman 1786. .1857 
 
 Hamilton, John. , Secular Priest. Life by Lord Hailes fl. 1600 •' 
 
 Hamilton, Patrick. Scottish Reformer 1503 
 
 Hamilton, Robert. Scottish Math, and Polit. Economist 1743 
 Hamilton, Captain Thomas. Writer. {Cyril TJiornton) lySg. . 
 Hamilton, Wm., Duke of. Taken at Wore. L. by Bumet 1616. . 
 Hamilton, Wm., of Bangour. Poet. {Braes of Yarrow) 1704. . 
 
 Hamilton, William, R. A. Historical Painter '. 1750. . 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William. Ambassador at Naples 1730. . 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William. Professor of Metaphysics at 
 
 Edinburgh. Editor of Reid 1788. . 
 
 Hamilton, William Gerard, m. p. Single-Speech 1729. . 
 
 Hamilton, William Richard. English 'Archaeologist 1777. . 
 
 Hamilton, Sir Wm. Rowan. Math. Astron.Royal of Irel. 1805.. 
 
 Hammarskoeld, Lars. Swedish Author and Critic 1787. . 
 
 Ham.mer-Purgstall, Joseph von. German Orientalist. . 1774. . 
 
 Hammond, Anthony. Silver- Tongue. Poet 1668. . 
 
 Hammond, Henry, d. d. Commentator. Life by Bishop 
 
 Fell, 1661 ; R. Fulman, 1684 1605 . . 
 
 Hammond, James. Poet. {Love Elegies) 1710. . 
 
 Hammond, James Hamilton. American Statesman 1807.. 
 
 Hammond, Le Roy. American Revolutionary Officer. , . 1740'. 
 Hammond, Samuel. American Revolutionary Officer . . 1757. . 
 Hamon, John. Phys. of Cherbourg. Religious Writer 1618. . 
 Hampden, John. Patriot. Life by Lord Nugent, 1832. . 1594. . 
 Hamper, William. Antiquary and Miscellaneous Writer 1776. . 
 
 Hampton, Wade. American General 1755 . . 
 
 Hanbal, Ahmed Ebn. Mohammedan Sectary . .^ . . . . 789. . 855 
 
 Hanckius, Martin. {Be Romanarum Rerum ScrijjtoiHbus) 1633. . 1709 
 
 527 
 829 
 842 
 652 
 
 754 
 801 
 803 
 
 796 
 
 859 
 865 
 827 
 856 
 72^ 
 
 660 
 
 742 
 
 861 
 
 800? 
 
 842 
 
 687 
 
 643 
 
 835 
 
A BKIEF BIOGKAPHICAL DICTIOXARY. 195 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hancock, John. American Patriot and Statesman i737- • i793 
 
 Handel, George Fred. Mus. Comp. Life by Schoelcher ; 
 
 Mainwaring, 1760; Matthesou, 1764; fiurney, 1784 J684..1759 
 Hangest, Jerome de. French Writer against Luther. ... — . .1538 
 
 Hankinson, Rev. Thomas Edwards. Poet —..1843 
 
 Hannaer, Jonathan, of Barnstaple. Ejected Nonconformist — ..1687 
 
 Hanmer, Rev. Meredith, d. d. Translator 1543 . . 1604 
 
 Hanmer, Sir Thos. Statesman. L. by SirH. Bunbury, 1838 1676'. 1746 
 
 Hanneoken, Memnon. Historian and Divine 1595 . . 1671 
 
 Hannecken, Philip Louis. Theologian 1637. . 1706 
 
 Hanneman, Adrian. Dutch Painter 161 1 . . 1680? 
 
 Hannibal. Carthaginian General 247 . i83?b.c. 
 
 Hanno. Carthaginian Navigator. (Periplus) fl. 570? B.C. 
 
 Hanriot, or Henriot, Francis. French Revolutionist 1761 . .1794 
 
 Hansard, Luke. Parliamentary Printer 1752. . 1828 
 
 Hansen, Maurice Christopher. Danish Writer ^794- • 1842 
 
 Hans Griin. German Painter & Engraver. >See Baldung 1470. .1545J 
 
 Hans Sachs. German Shoemaker and Poet i494- • 1578 
 
 Hanway, Jonas. Philanthropist and Tourist. {Farmer 
 
 Trueman.) Life by Pugh, 1787 1712. .1786 
 
 Harcotirt, Sir Geoflf. Norman Baron with Edward III. — ••1356 
 Harcovirt, Harriet Eusebia, of Yorlcs. Found, of Nunneries 1 706 . . 1 745 
 Harcourt, Henry, Due d'. Fr. Ambassador at Madrid. . 1654. .1718 
 Harcourt, Sir Simon, cr. Baron Harcourt. Lord Keeper — . .1727 
 Harcourt, William, Earl of. English Officer in America 1743. .1830 
 
 Hardeby, Geoffrey. Augustine Monk and Writer — . . 1360 
 
 Hardenberg, Chas. Aug. von. Prince of Pruss. Statesm. 1750. .1822 
 
 Hardenberg, Frederick von. Novalis 1772 . .1801 
 
 Harder, John James, of Basle. Physician 1656. .1711 
 
 Hardi, or Hardy, Alexander. French Dramatist 1560''. 1630? 
 
 Hardicanute. ' King of England (1040-42) — . . 1042 
 
 Hardime, Peter. Painter of Antwerp 1678 . . 1748 
 
 Hardime, Simon, brother. Painter 1672 . . 1737 
 
 Harding, G. P. Landscape Painter — . . 1853 
 
 Harding, James Duffield. Landscape Painter 1798'- 1863 
 
 Harding, or Hardyng, John. Metrical Chronicler ^37^- ■ 1465' 
 
 Harding, Stephen. Abbot of Citeaux; Rehgious Reformer fl.i2th c. 
 
 Harding, Thomas. Jesuit; opponent of Jewell 1512..1572 
 
 Hardinge, Henry, Viscount, F. M. Gov.-General of India 1785 . .1856 
 
 Hardinge, Nicholas. Scholar 1700. .1758 
 
 Hardion, James. French Writer 1686. .1766 
 
 Hardouin, John. Pere Hardouin. Jesuit Writer 1646. . 1729 
 
 Hardt, Hermann von der. {Hist. Literaria Reformationis) 1660 . . 1 746 
 Harduin, Alexander Xavier. Fr. Poet and Grammarian 1718. .1785 
 
 Hardwick, Charles. English Theologian 1821 . .1859 
 
 Hardwicke, Elizabeth, Lady Cavendish, Lady St. Loe, 
 
 Countess of Shrewsbury 1519- • 1608 
 
 Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, First Earl of. Lord Chan- 
 cellor. Life by G. Harris, 1847 1690. .1764 
 
 Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, Second Earl of. Writer. ( State 
 
 Papers.) Life by R. Cooksey, 1791 1720. .1790 
 
 Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 3d E. of. Lord Lieut, of Irel. 1757. . 1834 
 
 Hardy, Alexander. French Dramatist 1560''. 1630? 
 
 Hardy, Sir Thos. Masterman. Admiral. Nelson's friend 1769. . 1839 
 
196 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORK. DIED, 
 
 Hardyng, or Harding, John. Metrical Chronicler 1378 .1465' 
 
 Hare, Rev. Augustus Wm. {Sei-monstoa Country Congreg.) 1792. .1834 
 
 Hare, Francis. Bishop of Chichester (1731-40) 1665 ^ 1740 
 
 Hare, James, m p. for Knaresborough. Wit — . . 1804 
 
 Hare, Julius Charles. Archdeacon. {Victory of Faith). . 1795.. 1855 
 
 Hare, Robert. American Chemist and Physicist 1781 . . 1858 
 
 Hargrave, Francis. Law Writer 1741 . . 1821 
 
 Hargreaves, James. Mechanician — . . 1 770' 
 
 Harington, Sir John. See Harrington. Poet 1561 . . 1612 
 
 Harlot, or Harriott, Thomas. Mathematician 1560. .1621 
 
 Hariri, Abu Mohammed Kasem ben Ali. Arabian Writer 1054''. 1 122 
 Harles, Theophilus Christopher. German Philologist . . . 1738. .1852 
 Harley, Edw., 2d E. Oxford. Found, of Harleian Library — • • 1741 
 Harley, Robt., IstE. Oxford. Statesman. ; MSS. Collector 1661 . . 1724 
 Harlow, George Henry. Portrait and Historical Painter. 1787. . 1819 
 Harmer, Thomas. Dissenting Divine. {Observations). . iji^,. .iy?>^ 
 
 Harms, Claus. German Theologian 1778. .1855 
 
 Harnett, Cornelius. American Revolutionary Statesman 1723. .1781 
 
 Haro, Louis de. Spanish Statesman 1598. . 1661 
 
 Harold I. King of England (1035-40). Barefoot — . . 1040 
 
 Harold II. King of England ( 1066 ) ; fell at Hastings ... — . . 1066 
 
 Haroun-al-Raslud. Caliph ( 786-809 ) 765 or 6 . 809 
 
 Harpe, John Francis de la. Dramatic Poet and Critic . . . 1739. . 1803 
 Harper, Robert Goodloe. Amer. Law^'^er and Statesman 1765. .1825 
 Harper, William. American Lawyer and Statesman. . . . 1790. .1847 
 
 Harpocration, Valerius. Greek Philologist fl. 4th c. 
 
 Harpsfleld, Nicholas. Roman Catholic Divine — . .1583 
 
 Harrington, Chas Stanhope, Third Earl of. Commander 1753. .1829 
 Harrington, James. Political Writer. {Oceana.) Life 
 
 by Toland. 1771 , 1611..1677 
 
 Harrington, Sir John. Poet. Translator of Ariosto 1 561 . . 1612 
 
 Harriott, Thos. Mathematician. {Artis Annlyticce Praxis) 1^60. .1621 
 Harris, George, Lord. General; distinguished in India. . 1746.. 1829 
 Harris, James, of Salisbury. Scholar. {Hermes.) Life 
 
 by son, Earl of Malmesbury, 1801 1709. .1780 
 
 Harris, James. First Earl of Malmesbury. Diplomatist. 
 
 {Diaries and Correspondence) 1746. . 1820 
 
 Harris, John. {Lexicon Technicum ; History of Kent) .. . 1667''. 1 719 
 
 Harris, John, d. d. Divine and Author 1804. .1856 
 
 Harris, Robert. Divine 1578 . . 1658 
 
 Harris, Thaddeus William. American Naturalist i795 • • 1856 
 
 Harris, Walter, m. d. {De Morbis Acutis Infantum) 1647. .1725 
 
 Harris, William, d. d. Biographer 1720. .1770 
 
 Harris, William, d. d. American Educator 1765 . . 1829 
 
 HaiTison, Benjamin. American Statesman i74o''- 1791 
 
 Harrison, Colonel John. Regicide — . . 1660 
 
 Harrison, .John. Inventor of Chronometer 1693. .1776 j 
 
 Harrison, Thomas, of Chester. Architect i744- • 1829^ 
 
 Harrison, William. Poet — ..1713] 
 
 Harrison, Wm. Henry. General. Ninth President U. S. 1775. .1841 j 
 
 Harrowby, Dudley Ryder, Earl of. Statesman 1762. . 18471 
 
 Harry, Blind, or Henry the Minstrel fl. 1470-80 i 
 
 Harsnett, Samuel. Archbishop of York (1628-31) 1561 . . 1631 j 
 
 Hart, John. American Patriot — . •1780J 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 197 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Harte, Rev. "Walter. Poet and Hist. ( Gustavus Adolphus) 1 700? . 1 774 
 Hartley, David, m. d. ( Observations on Man.) L. by his son 1705 . .1757 
 
 Hartley, David, m. p. Politician and Inventor 1730. .1813 
 
 Hartman, George, of Nuremberg. Mathematician 1489. .1564 
 
 Hartraan, John Adolphus. ( VitcB Pontificum) 1680. .1744 
 
 Hartmann, John, m. d. Medical Writer 1568. . 1631 
 
 Hartmann von der Aue, or Von Aue. Old German Poet — aft.1207 
 
 Hartshorne, Rev. Charles Henry. Antiquary 1803-'. 1865 
 
 Hartsoeker, Nicholas. Dutch Metaphys. and Nat. Philos. 1656. .1725 
 Hartzheim, Jos., of Cologne. Scholar. ((SMm??^a^^stonce) 1694. .1763 
 
 Harvard, John. Founder of Harvard College — . . 1688 
 
 Harvey, Daniel Whittle. Politician 1784''. 1863 
 
 Harvey, Gabriel. Writer; friend of Spenser 1545 . . 1630? 
 
 Harvey, Gideon, m. d. Medical Writer 1625?. 1700 
 
 Harvey, William, m. d. Discoverer of Circulation of the 
 
 Blood. Life by Laurence 1578'. . 1657 
 
 Harwood, Sir Busick, m. d. Anatomist 1745?. 1814 
 
 Harwood, Edward, of Bristol. Socinian Writer 1729. .1794 
 
 Hasdrubal. Carthaginian General; brother of Hannibal — B.c.207 
 
 Hase, Theodore von. German Divine 1682 . . 1731 
 
 Hasenclever, John Peter. German Painter 1810. . 1853 
 
 Hasenclever, Peter. German Manufacturer and Writer 1716. .1792 
 Hasenmueller, Daniel. Ger. Greek and Oriental Scholar 1651 . . 1691 
 
 Haslam, John, m. d. Writer on Insanity 1763 . . 1844 
 
 Haslewood, Thomas. Schoolmaster and Historian ti. Rd. II. 
 
 Hassan. Son of Ali and Fatima. Cahph (660-69) 625, . 669 
 
 Hasse, Frederick Christian Augustus. German Author . . 1773. .1848 
 Hasse, John Adolphus. II Sassone. German Composer 1699. .1783 
 
 Hassel, John George Henry. German Statistician 1770. .1829 
 
 Hasselquist, Frederick. Swedish Naturalist and Traveler 1 722 . . 1 752 
 
 Hasted, Edward. Antiquary. {History of Kent) 1 732 . . 1812 
 
 Hastings, Lady Eliz. Benefactor. L. by Barnard, 1742 1682. .1739 
 
 Hastings, Lady Flora. Maid of Honor 1803 . . 1839 
 
 Hastings, Francis Rawdon. Cr, Marquess of Hastings 1754.. 1823 
 Hastings, Warren. Gov. of India. L. by Gleig; Macaulay 1733. .1818 
 
 Hatfield, Thomas. Bishop of Durham (1345-81) — , . 1381 
 
 Hatsell, John. Clerk to House of Commons. Writer... 1742?. 1820 
 Hatton, Sir Christoph. Ld. Chanc. L.by Sir N.H.Nicolas — ..1591 
 Hatzfeld, Francis Louis, Prince of. German Diplomatist 1756. .1827 
 
 Haubold, Christian Theophilus. German Jurist 1766. . 1824 
 
 Haufif, William. German Prose Writer 1802. . 1827 
 
 Haughton, Sir Graves Chamney. Orientalist 1789. . 1849 
 
 Haughton, William. Dramatist fl. 1600? 
 
 Haugwitz, Christian Henry Chas., Ct. of. Pruss. Statesman 1752. . 1832 
 Hankal, Abul Kasem Mohammed Ibn. Arab.Trav.& Geog. fl. 942-76 
 Hauksbee, or Hawksbee, Francis. Electrician, f.k.s. 1705 — aft.1731 
 
 Hauser, Caspar. Foundling of Nuremberg — . . 1833 
 
 Hautefeuille, John de. French Mechanician 1647 . . 1 724 
 
 Hauteroche, Noel le Breton de. French Dramatist 161 7?. 1707 
 
 Hauteserre, Anth. Dadin de. Hist, and Jurist at Toulouse 1602'' . 1682 
 
 Haiiy, Rene Just. Abb«^. Mineralogist i743- • ^^22 
 
 Havelock, Sir Henry. General. Life bv J- T. Headlev, 
 
 1859 ; W. Brock; J. C. Marshman, 1860 \ 1795 . . 1^57 
 
 Haven, Nath. Appleton. Amer. Lawyer and Litterateur 1790. .1826 
 
198 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Havercamp, Sigebert. Philologist and Medalist 1683. .1742 
 
 Havers, Clopton. Phj'-sician and Anatomist fl. 1691 
 
 Haviland, John. American Architect and Engineer .... 1792. . 1852 
 
 Hawes, Stephen. {Passetyme of Pleasure) ti. Hen. VII. 
 
 Hawes, William, m. d. Founder of R. Humane Society 1736.. 1808 
 
 Hawke, Edward, Lord. Admiral 1715 . . 1781 
 
 Hawker, Peter. Colonel. {Instruct, fo Young Sportsmen) lySS'-.iSc^^ 
 Hawker, Rev. Robert, d. d. Divine and Commentator. . 1753. .1827 
 Hawkesworth, John, LL. D. Writer. {The Adventw^er) I'y 1^,^.177;^ 
 
 Hawkins, Sir John. Naval Commander 1520*. 1595 
 
 Hawkins, Sir John. Writer 1719..1789 
 
 Hawkins, Sir Thomas. Translator of Horace ti. Chas. I. 
 
 Hawksmoor, Nicholas. Architect 1666. . 1736 
 
 Hawkwood, Sir John. , English Soldier of Fortune — . . 1393 
 
 Hawley, Gideon. American Missionary to the Indians. . 1727.. 1807 
 
 Hawley, Joseph. American Patriot and Statesman 1724. . 1788 
 
 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. American Romancist 1804. . 1864 
 
 Hawtrey, Edward Craven, d, d. Provost of Eton 1789- • 1862 
 
 Hay, James, Earl of Carlisle. Statesman — . . 1636 
 
 Hay, William, m. p. Writer. {Essay on Deformity) 1695 . .1755 
 
 Haydn, Francis Joseph. Musical Composer. ( Creation.) 
 
 Life by Bombet {i. e. Beyle), 1817; W. Gardiner 1732. ,1809 
 
 Haydn, John Michael, brother. Musical Composer '^737- .1808 
 
 Haydn, Joseph. {Dictionary of Dales) — . . 1856 
 
 Haydock, Rev. Geo. Leo. Rom. Cath. Div. Ed. of Bible — . . 1848 
 Haydon, Benj. Robt. Paint. L. by self; Tom Taylor, 1853 1786. .1846 
 Haye, John de la. Jesuit. {Harmony of the Evangelists) 1540. .1614 
 
 Haye, John de la. Franciscan. {Biolia Maxima) 1593.. 1661 
 
 Hayer, John Nicholas Hubert. French Theologian 1708. .1780 
 
 Hayer du Perron, Peter le. French Poet 1603.aft.1678 
 
 Hayes, Catherine. Irish Vocalist — . . 1861 
 
 Hayes, Charles. Mathematician and Chronologist 1678. .1760 
 
 Hayes, William. Musical Composer 1708. .1777 
 
 Hayley, William. Poet. {L. of Cowper.) L. by self, 1823 1745. -1820 
 
 Hayman, Francis, r. a. Historical Painter 1708. .1776 
 
 Haynau, Julius Jacob, Baron von. Austrian General 1786. . 1853 
 
 Hayne, Isaac. American Patriot 1745 . . 1781 
 
 Hayne, Robert Young. American Lawyer and Statesman 1791 . . 1839 
 
 Hayne, Thomas. Schoolmaster and Benefactor 1581. .1645 
 
 Haynes, Hopton. Writ, on the Trinity. {Scripture Account) 1672.. 1749 
 Haynes, John. Gov. of Massachusetts and of Connecticut — . . 1654 
 
 Haynes, Lemuel. American Colored Minister. 1753. . 1834 
 
 Hasrward, Sir John. Historian — . . 1627 
 
 Haywood, Elizabeth. Writer 1693 .. 1 756 
 
 Hazlitt, William. Critic and Essayist. Life by his son . . 1 778 . . 1830 
 
 Head, Sir George. Writer 1782. . 1855 
 
 Head, Richard. Dramatist — . . 1678 
 
 Headley, Henry. Poet and Critic. Life by Kett, 1810 . . 1 766 . . 1 788 
 
 Heapy, Thomas. Painter in Water Colors 1775 .. 1835 
 
 Hearne, Samuel. Explorer 1745 • -^79^ 
 
 Hearne, Thomas. Antiquary. Life by Huddesford, 1772 ; 
 
 Kett, 1810; Henry Headley 1678. .1735 
 
 Hearne, Thomas. Artist i744- • ^^^7 
 
 Heath, Benjamin, d. c. l., of Exeter. Lawyer and Writer — . . 1766 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. ] 
 
 Heath, Charles. Engraver. {Book of Beauty) 1784. . 
 
 Heath., James. Historical Writer 1629. . 
 
 Heath, William. American Revolutionary General i737- • 
 
 Heathcote, Rev. Ralph, u. d. Writer 1721 . . 
 
 Heathfield, Geo. A. Elliot, Lord. Defender of Gibraltar 1718'^ 
 
 Hebbel, Frederick. German Poet 1813 . . 
 
 Hebel, John Peter. German Poet 1760. . 
 
 Hebenstreit, John Ernest, of Leipsic. Medical Writer. . 1703. . 
 Heber, Reginald. Bishop of Calcutta. Life by Potter; 
 
 his Widow, 1830; Thomas Taylor 1783. . 
 
 Heber, Richard. Bibliomaniac '^773' • 
 
 Heberden, William, m. d. Medical Writer 1710. . 
 
 Hebert, James Rene. {Pere Ducliene.) Fr. Revolutionist 1755 .■ . 
 
 Hecataeus, of Miletus. Greek Historian 550'. 476' 
 
 Hecht, Christian. German Philologist 1696. . 
 
 Heck, John van. Painter of Oudenard 1625 ^ 
 
 Heck, Nicholas van der. Dutch Painter 1580 . . 
 
 Heckewelder, John. Moravian Missionary in America 1743.. 
 
 Hecquet, Philip. French Medical Writer 1661 . . 
 
 Hedding, Elijah, D. d. American Di%nne 1780. . 
 
 H6delin, Francis, Abbe d'Aubignac. French Poet 1604. . 
 
 Hederic, Benjamin. Lexicographer 1675 • • 
 
 Hedio, Caspar. Protestant Reformer 1495 . . 
 
 Hedlinger, John Charles. Swiss Die Cutter 1691 . . 
 
 Hedwig, John. Botanist ^73o-- 
 
 Heede, Vigor van. Historical Painter 1659. . 
 
 Heede, William van, brother. Historical Painter 1660. . 
 
 Heera, John David van. Dutch Painter 1600. . 
 
 Heeraskerk, or Hemskerk, James van. Dutch Admiral — . . 
 Heemskerk, or Hemskerk, Martin van. Dutch Painter 1498. . 
 
 Heere, Luke van. Dutch Painter i534- • 
 
 Heeren, Arnold Hermann Louis. German Historian, . . . 1760. . 
 
 Heers, Henry van, of Liege. Medical Writer 1570''. 
 
 Hegel, George William Frederick. Philosopher. Life by 
 
 Goeschel, 1832; Rosencranz, 1844; Haym '. 1770. . 
 
 Heiberg, Peter Andrew. Danish Dramatist and Writer 1758.. 
 
 Heidegger, John Henry. Swiss Protestant Divine 1633. . 
 
 Heidegger, John James. Swiss Count. Adventurer .... 1660. . 
 
 Heil, Daniel van. Painter of Brussels 1604 . . 
 
 Heil, John Baptist van, brother. Painter 1609. aft. 
 
 Heil, Leonard van, brother. Painter of Flowers & Insects 1603. . 
 
 Hein, or Heyn, Peter. Dutch Admiral 1570. . 
 
 Heine, Henry. German Poet, Essa3'ist, and Satirist I799-''- 
 
 Heineccius, John Theophilus. German Ci'snlian 1681 . . 
 
 Heinecken, Christian Henry. Infant of Lubeck 1721 . . 
 
 Heinefetter, Clara. German Vocalist. — . . 
 
 Heinefetter, Kathinka, sister. Vocalist — . . 
 
 Heinicke, John David. Musical Composer 1683. . 
 
 Heinrich, Charles Frederick. German Scholar i774- • 
 
 Heinroth, John Christian Frederick Augustus. German 
 
 Physician and Writer on Psychology ^773- • 
 
 Heinse, John James William. German Writer on Art . . 1746. . 
 
 Heinsius, Anthony. Grand Pensionary of Holland 1641''. 
 
 Heinsius, Daniel, of Ley den. Latin Poet and Philologist isSo?. 
 
 199 
 
200 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORX. BIRD. 
 
 Heiusius, Nich., son. Poet&Critic. L. by Burmann, 1742 1620. .j68i 
 Heinsius, Otto Frederick Theodore. German Philologist 1770. . 1849 
 Heister, Lawrence. Physician, Surgeon, and Anatomist 1683. .1758 
 
 Hele, Thomas. English Dramatist at Paris 1 740' . 1 780 
 
 Helena, St. Mother of Constantine 248?. 328? 
 
 Heliodorus, of Larissa. Greek Writer on Optics 11. ist c. 
 
 Heliodorus. Bishop of Tricca. Romancist. {u^Ethiopica) fl. 400'' 
 Heliogabalus, or Elagabalus. Roman Emperor (218-222) 205''. 222 
 
 Hell, Maximilian. Astronomer 1720. .1792 
 
 Heller, Joseph. German Art Historian 1798- • 1849 
 
 HeUot, John. French Chemist 1685 . . 1766 
 
 Helmbreker, Theodore. Dutch Painter 1624. . 1694 
 
 Helmers, John Frederick. Dutch Poet 1767. . 1813 
 
 Helmont, Francis Mercury van. Chemist 1618. . 1699 
 
 Helmont, John Baptist van. Flemish Chemist 1 577 • -1644 
 
 Helmont, Matthew van. Painter of Antwerp 1653. . 1726 
 
 Helmont, Segres James van. Flemish Historical Painter 1683. .1726 
 H6loise, or ifiloise. Friend of Abelard. L. by Gervase, 1720 1 10 1 . . 1 164 
 
 Heist, Bartholomew van der. Dutch Painter 1613. . 1670? 
 
 Helvetius, Claude Adrian. French Philos. {D Esprit) 171s,. .lyji 
 
 Helvetius, John Adrian. Dutch Physician at Paris 1661-''. 1727- 
 
 Helvetius, John Claude Adrian, son. Medical Writer . . 1685. .1755 
 Helvicus, Christopher. German Philol. and Chronologist 1581 . •. 1617 
 
 Helwig, Amelia von. German Poetess 1776. .1832 
 
 Helwig, George Andrew. Pruss. Botanist & Mineralogist 1666. .1748 
 
 Helwig, Sir John Otto. Physician and Collector 1654. . 1698 
 
 Helyot, Peter. Franciscan Friar. {Hist, of Monast. Orders) 1660.. 1716 
 Hemans, Mrs. Felicia Dorothea. Poetess. Life by H. F. 
 
 Chorley, 1837; Mrs. Hughes, 1839 1794.. 1835 
 
 Hemelar, John. Flemish Medalist — . . 1640 
 
 Hemingbtirgh, or Hemingford, Walter de. Historian ... — . .1347 
 
 Hemling, or Memling, Hans. Flemish Painter 1425?. 1500? 
 
 Hemskerck, Egbert. The Old 1610?. 1680? 
 
 Hemskerck, Egbert. The Youmjer. Dutch Painter 1645. -1704 
 
 Hemskerck, Martin van. Dutch Painter 1498. .1574 
 
 Hemsterhusius, P'rancis. ( (Euvres Philosophiques) 1720. .1790 
 
 Hemsterhuys, Tiberius. Dutch Philologist 1685 . .1766 
 
 Henao, Gabriel de. Spanish Theol. {Biscaya lllusirata) 161 1 . .1704 
 H6nault, Charles John Francis. {Abrege Chronologique) i6S^. .lyyo 
 
 H6nault, or Hesnault, John. French Poet — . . 1682 
 
 Henckel, John Fred. SaxOn Chemist and Mineralogist 1679. .1744 
 
 Henderson, Alexander. Principal, of Edinburgh — . .1646 
 
 Henderson, Rev. Dr. Ebenezer. Missionary and Traveler. 
 
 Life by T. S. Henderson, 1859 1784. .1858 
 
 Henderson, John. Actor. L.byT.Davies; J. Ireland, 1786 1747. .1785 
 
 Henderson, John. Genius, born in Ireland i757- -1788 
 
 Henderson, or Henryson, Robert. Scottish Poet — . .1508? 
 
 Henderson, Thomas. Scottish Astronomer 1798- • 1844 
 
 Hengist. King of Kent — . . 488 
 
 Henke, Henry Philip Conrad. Theol. {Eccles. History) 1752. .1809 
 
 Henkel, John Frederick. See Henckel 1679. .1744 
 
 Henley, Anthony, m. p. Writer 1660?. 1711 
 
 Henley, Rev. John. Orator. Preacher and Polit. Lecturer 1692 . . 1 756 
 Henley, Sir Morton Eden, Fii'st Lord. Ambassador — . . 1802 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 201 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Henley, Robert, Lord Northington. Lord Chancellor. . . 1708. .1772 
 Hennepin, Louis. Missionary, and Explorer of the River 
 
 Mississippi i640?.aft.i699 
 
 Henninges, Jerome. German Genealogist 1550'- 1 597 
 
 Henrietta Anna, of England. Duchess of Orleans. 
 
 Life by Lafayette, 1720 1644, . 1670 
 
 Henrietta Maria, of France. Queen of Chas. I. of Eng. 1609. .1669 
 
 Henrion, Nicholas. French Archaeologist 1663. . 1720 
 
 Henriot, Francis. French Revolutionist 1761 . .1794 
 
 Henrique, Duke of Viseo. Portuguese Prince ; Promoter 
 
 of Navigation. Life by Candido Lusitano i394- -1460 
 
 Henry I. Emperor of Germany (919-36). The Fowler.. 876.. 936 
 
 Henry II. (1002-24.) Life by Adelbold, d. 1027 972. . 1024 
 
 Henry III. (1039-56.) 1017.. 1056 
 
 Henry rv. (1058-1106.) Life by Aventinus, 1518 ; Stumpf, 
 
 3556; Soeltl, 1823 1050.. 1 106 
 
 HenryV. (1106-25.) 1081..1125 
 
 Henry VI. (1190-97.) Life bv Jaeger, 1790 1165. .1197 
 
 Henry VII. (1308-13.) L. by Veccrius, 1531; Mussati, 
 
 1636 ; Gundling, 1719 ; Barthold, 1830 ; Doenniges, 1839 1263 . . 1313 
 
 Henry I. King of France (1031-60) lou?. 1060 
 
 Henry II. (1547-59.) Life bv Lambert, 1755 1519. . 1559 
 
 Henry III. (1574-89.) Life 'by Sossius, 1628; Varillas, 
 
 1694; Garden, 1783; Billardon de Sauvigny, 1788; 
 
 Miss Freer, 1858 1551 . . 1589 
 
 Henry IV. (1589-1610.) The Great. Life by Perefixe, 
 
 1661; Scip. Dupleix, 1632; Richard de Bury, 1795; 
 
 Miss Freer; Gurney 1553- .1610 
 
 Henry I. King of England (1100-35). Beauclerc. Life 
 
 by Sir J. Hayward, 1613 1068.. 1135 
 
 Henry II. (1154-89.) Life by Benedict of Peterborough ; 
 
 Edm. Bolton; Lord Lvttelton, 1767; Berington, 1790 1133..1189 
 Henry III. (1216-72.) bf Winchester. Life by R.Cot- 
 ton, 1627; Prvnne, 1670 1206. .1272 
 
 Henry IV. (1399-1413.) BolinghroTce. Life by Sir J. 
 
 Hayward, 1599 ; G. P. R. James, 1847 1366?. 1413 
 
 Henry V. (1413-22.) Of Monmouth. Life bv Tit. Livius; 
 
 Robert Redman; T.Elmhara; Goodwin^ 1604; P. F. 
 
 Tvtler, 1830 1388. , 1422 
 
 Henry VI. (1422-71.) 1421..1471 
 
 Henry VII. (1485-1509.) Life by Aleyn, 1638; Lord 
 
 Bacon, 1642 ; MarsoUier, 1697 1457. .1509 
 
 Henry VIII. (1509-47.) Life bv Godwin, 1616; Lord 
 
 Herbert of Cherbury, 1649 ; P. F. Tytler, 1837 1491 . . 1547 
 
 Henry, Prince of Wales : son of James I. Life by Sir 
 
 Charles Cornwallis; T. Birch, 1760 1594. . 1612 
 
 Henry de Blois. Cai'dinal. Bishop of "Winchester — ..11 71 
 
 Henry of Huntingdon. Historian — aft.i 154 
 
 Henry the Lion. Duke of Bavaria and Saxony. L. by 
 
 Reineccius, 1557 ; Stederburgensis, 1614; Meyer, 1694 1129. .1195 
 Henry tlie Minstrel, or Blind Harry. Scottish Poet. . . fl. 1470-80 
 
 Henry the Navigator. See Henrique i394- • 1460 
 
 Henry, Alexander. American Traveler and Writer 1739. • — 
 
 Henry, David. Printer; conductor of Gentleman's Mag. 1710. .1792 
 
202 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Henry, Matt. Commentator. L. by Tong, 1716 ; Williams 1662 . . 1 714 
 Henry, Patrick. American Statesman. L. by Wirt, 1817 1736. .1799 
 Henry, Philip. Nonconformist Divine. Life by son, Mat- 
 thew Heniy, 1696 ; William Bates, 1699 1631 . . 1696 
 
 Henry> Robert. Scottish Divine. {Hist, of Great Britain) 1718. .1790 
 Henry, Robert, ll. d. American Educator and Writer. . 1792. . 1856 
 
 Henry, William, m. d. Chemist i775 • ■ 1836 
 
 Henryson, or Henderson, Robert. Scottish Poet — . .1508? 
 
 Henshaw, John Prentiss Kewley, v>. d. Amer. Divine. . 1792. . 1852 
 HensloWjJ. S. Professor of Botany. L.by Jenyns, 1862 — ..1861 
 
 Hensman, Rev. John, of Clifton. Divine . '. 1 781 ? . 1864 
 
 Hentz, Caroline Lee. American Authoress — . . 1856 
 
 Hepburn, James Bonaventura. Scottish Linguist and 
 
 Orientalist in Italy i573' • 1620 
 
 Hepburn, John. Prior of St. Andrew's; Founder of St. 
 
 Leonard's College (1512) , fl.1480-1520 
 
 Hepburn, Robert. Miscellaneous Writer 1619. .1712 
 
 Hephsestion. General of Alexander — B.c.325 
 
 Heraclitus, of Ephesus. Weeping Philosopher fl. 51-3? b.c. 
 
 Heraclius. Emperor of the East (610-41) 575- . 641 
 
 Heraldus, Desiderius. Didier Herault. French Writer. . 1575 ''.1649 
 H6rault de S6ch.elles, Mary John. French Revolutionist 1 760 . . 1 794 
 
 Herbart, John Frederick. German Metaphysician 1776. . 1841 
 
 Herbelot, Barthol. d'. Fr. Orient. (BihUoth. Orientale) 1625. .1695 
 Herbert, Edward, Lord, of Cherbury. Historical and 
 
 Deist. Writer. {Hist, of Henry VI 11.) L. by self, 1764 1581 . . 1648 
 Herbert, Rev. George. {Country Parson.) Lifebylzaak 
 
 Walton, 1670; Duyckinck, 1858 1593. . 1633 
 
 Herbert, Henry William. English Writer in America. . . 1707. . 1858 
 Herbert, Mary {nee Sidney), Countess Pembroke. Poet 
 
 and Writer. "Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother" — ..1621 
 
 Herbert, Sidney, Lord of Lea: Statesman iSio?. 1861 
 
 Herbert, Sir Thomas. Royalist. {Th-enodia Carolina) 1610 .. 16S2 
 
 Herbert, William. Earl of Pembroke. Poet 1580. . 1630 
 
 Herbert, William, of Cheshunt. Typographical Antiquary 17 18. .1795 
 
 Herbert, Rev. William. Author. {Attila) ". 1778. . 1847 
 
 Her bin, Augustus Francis Julian. French Orientalist ... 1783. . 1806 
 Herbinius, John. Polish Divine and Natural Philosopher 1633. . 1676 
 
 Herbst, John Andrew. German Musical Writer 1588. . 1660? 
 
 Herder, John Godfrey von. {Philosophy of History) 1744. • 1803 
 
 Here ward. English Partisan Captain at the Conquest. . . — . . 1072 
 
 H6ricourt, Louis de. French Jurist 1687. .1752 
 
 Heriot, Geo. Goldsmith. Founder of Hospital in Edinb. 1563^1624 
 H6rissant, Louis Anthony Prosper. Fr. Phys. and Nat. 1745.. 1769 
 H6ritier de Brutelle, Charles Louis 1'. French Botanist 1746. . 1800 
 
 H6ritier de Villandon, Mary Jane 1'. Writer 1664. .1734 
 
 H6ritier de Villandon, Nicholas 1'. French Poet 1630?. 1680 
 
 Herlicius, David. German Astrologer 1558.. 1636 
 
 Hermann, James. Swiss Mathem. and Nat. Philosopher 1678. .1733 
 
 Hermann, John. Physician and Naturalist 1738- • 1800 
 
 Hermann, John Godfrey Jacob. Editor of Greek Plays . 1772. . 1848 
 
 Hermann, Paul. German Botanist 1646 . . 1695 
 
 Hermannus, Contractus^ of Suabia. Musical Writer. . . . 1013. .1054 
 Hermant, Godfrey. Dr. of the Sorbonue. Theol. & Biog. 1617 . . 1690 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 203 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hermas. Christian Writer. {The Shepherd) fl. 1st c. 
 
 Hermelin, Samuel Gustavus, Baron. Swedish Mineral. 1744.. 1820 
 Hermes, George. German Roman Catholic Theologian . 1775 . . 1831 
 
 Hermilly, Vaquette d'. French Historian 1710..1778 
 
 Hermolaus Barbarus. Venetian Scholar. /SeeBarbaro 1454. .1495 
 Hernandez, Francis. Spanish Physician and Naturalist fl. i6th c. 
 
 Herndon, William Lewis. American Naval Officer 1813. . 1857 
 
 Herod Agrippa I. Great. Tetrarch of Abilene; be- 
 headed James. (Acts xii.) — . . 44 
 
 Herod Agrippa II., son. King of Chalcis. (Acts xxv.) 31 . . 100 
 Herod Antipas. Tetrarch of Galilee; deposed a. d. 39 — aft- 39 
 
 Herod the Great. King of the Jews (b. c. 47-4) 73.. 4 b.c. 
 
 Herod Philip, son. Tetrarch — a.d. 34 
 
 Herodes Atticus. Embellisher of Athens 104'. 180? 
 
 Herodian. Greek Historian of the Roman Empire fl. ab. 238 
 
 Herodotus. Greek Historian. Life by Wheeler ; Dahl- 
 
 mann, translated by Cox .484.408? B.C. 
 
 Herold, Louis Joseph Ferdinand. French Composer .... 1791 . . 1833 
 Heron, or Hero. Philos. and Math em. of Alexandria .... fl. 3d c. b.c. 
 Herrera, Ferdinand de. The Divine. Spanish Poet .... 1516?. 1595 
 Herrera, Francis de. EL Viego, the Elder. Span. Paint. 1 5 76 . 1650 or 6 
 Herrera, Francis de, son. El Mozo, the Ymmger. Painter 1622. .1685 
 Herrera, Joseph Joachim de. President of Mexico , . . . . — . . 185 1 
 Herrera y Tordesillas, Anthony. Spanish Historian . . 1565 . . 1625 
 Herrgott, John James. Marquard. Ger. Diplom. and Hist. 1694. .1762 
 
 Herrick, Rev. Robert. Poet. (Hesperides) 1591 • • 1674 
 
 Herring, John Frederick. Horse Painter i795 • -1865 
 
 Herring, Thomas. Archbishop of Canterbury (1747-57). 1693.. 1757 
 
 Hersch.el, Miss Caroline Lucretia. Astronomer 1750- • 1848 
 
 Herschel, Sir F. William. Discoverer of Uranus 1738. . 1822 
 
 Hersent, or Hersan, Charles. Opponent of Richelieu. .. , — aft.i66o 
 
 Hertius, John Nicholas. German Historical Writer 165 1. .1710 
 
 Hertzberg, Ewald Frederick von. Prussian Statesman. 1725, .1795 
 Hervey, Rev. James. {Meditations.) Life by John Brown, 
 
 1822; John Cole, 1822-26 1714. .1758 
 
 Hervey, John, Lord. Political and Poetical Writer 1696 . .1743 
 
 Hervey, Thomas Kibble. Author i799- -1859 
 
 Herwart, John George. German Critic i554- • 1622 
 
 H6ry, Thierry de. Theodoricus. French Medical Writer 1505. .1599 
 
 Herz, Henrietta. German Beauty and Wit 1764. . 1847 
 
 Heshusius, Tilemannus. Anti-(jalvinist Theologian. .. . 1526.. 1588 
 
 Hesiod. Greek Epic Poet. ( Works and Days) fl. 859-824? b.c. 
 
 Hess, Charles Ernest Christopher. German Engraver. , . 1755 . . 1828 
 
 Hesse, William, Prince of. Astronomer i545 • -1597 
 
 Hessels, or Hesselius, John, of Louvain. Theologian 1522. .1566 
 
 Hesychius. Alexandrian Grammarian fl. 380? 
 
 Hetzer, Louis. German Socinian — . . 1540 
 
 Heugh, Hugh, i). d. Scottish Div. L. by Hamilton McGill 1782 . . 1846 
 
 Heurnius, John. Medical Writer at Leyden 1543 . . i6ox 
 
 Heusch., Abraham van. Painter 1650 . .1712 
 
 Heuscli, Jacob van. Painter 1657. .1701 
 
 Heuscti, William van. Landscape Painter of Utrecht. . . 1630?. 1700? 
 
 Heusde, Philip William. Dutch Philosopher 1778. • 1839 
 
 Heusinger, James Frederick. Philologist 1719- • ^77^ 
 
204 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Heusinger, John Michael. Saxon Divine 1690. .1751 
 
 Hevelius, or Heyelke, John, of Dantzic. Astronomer. . . . 161 1 . . 1687 
 
 Hevin, Prudent. French Surgical Writer 1715 • -1789 
 
 Hewes, Joseph. American Patriot 1730- -1779 
 
 Hewson, William. Anatomist i739- '1774 
 
 Hexham, John, Prior of. ( Chronicle) fl. 1170 
 
 Hexham, Rd., Prior of. (Bps. of Hexham ; B. of Standard) fl. 1 138 
 Hey, John, d. d. Norrisian Prof, of Divinity, Cambridge 1734. .1815 
 Hey, William, f. e. s., of Leeds. Surgeon; Friend of 
 
 Wilberforce. Life by John Pearson 1736. . 1819 
 
 Heyden, Fred. August von. German Novelist and Poet 1789. .1851 
 
 Hey den, John van der. Flemish Painter 1637. .1712 
 
 Heylin, Rev. Peter, d. d. Historical Writer. Life by 
 
 Vernon, 1681; Bernard, 1682 1600.. 1662 
 
 Heyne, Christian Gottlob. Classical Editor. Life by A. 
 
 H. L. Heeren, 1812 1729.. 1812 
 
 Heyward, Thomas. American Patriot 1746. . 1809 
 
 Heywood, Mrs.' Eliza. Romancist 1693. -1756 
 
 Heywood, Gaspar. Poet. {Paradise of Dainty Devices) . 1535.. 1598 
 Heywood, John. Dram. Poet. ( The Spider and the Fly) — . • 1565' 
 Heywood, Oliver. Nonconformist Divine. Life by Faw- 
 
 cett, 1798 ; Rev. Joseph Hunter, 1842 1629. .1702 
 
 Heywood, Thomas. Actor and Writer. Life by J. P. 
 
 Collier, 1850 Eliz.-Chas. I. 
 
 Hezekiah. King of Judah (b. c. 726-698) 751?. 698 b.c. 
 
 Hickes, George. Nonjuror and Saxonist. (Thesaurus) . 1642.. 1715 
 Hickes, John, brother. Ejected Nonconformist; executed — ..1685 
 
 Hickman, Henry. Ejected Nonconformist Divine — . . 1692 
 
 Hicks, Elias. American Quaker Preacher 1748 . . 1830 
 
 Hidalgo y Costilla, Michael. Mexican Revolutionist. . . — . , 1811 
 
 Hiero I. TjTant of Syracuse (b. c. 478-467) — B.c.467 
 
 Hiero II. King of Syracuse (b. c. 270-216) 308.216 b.c. 
 
 Hierocles. Neoplatonist. Life by Andrew Dacier, 1706 fl. 450? 
 
 Hieronymus, or Jerome, St. Christian Writer 345''- -420 
 
 Hififerman, Paul. Irish Dramatic Poet 1719- •'^777 
 
 Higden, Ralph. Historian. (Polychronicon) — . . 1367? 
 
 Higgins, or Higins, John. Divine and Schoolmaster .... 1544?. 1605? 
 
 Higginson, Francis. Anglo-American Clergyman 1587 . . 1630 
 
 Higgons, Bevil. Historical Writer and Poet 1670. .1735 
 
 Higgons, Sir Thomas. Politician and Writer 1624. .1691 
 
 Highmore, Joseph. Portrait and Historical Painter 1692. .1780 
 
 Highmore, Nathaniel. Anatomist 1613 . . 1684 
 
 Hilaire, Geoffrey St. See St. Hilaire 1772. . 1844 
 
 Hilarion. Promoter of Monachism. Life by Jerome .... 291 . . 371 
 
 HUariuse, Joseph. German Antiquary and Medahst 1737.. 1798 
 
 Hilarys St. Bp. Poictiers (350-67). Malleus Arianorum — .. 367 
 
 Hilary, St. Bishop of Aries (429-49) 401 . . 449 
 
 Hilary. Bishop of Rome (461-67) — . • 467 
 
 HHda, St. Abbess of Whitby _ . . 680 
 
 Hildebrand. See Pope Gregory VII — . . 1085 
 
 Hildegarde, St. Abbess of St. Rupert's Mount 1098. .1180 
 
 HHdesley, Mark. Bishop of Man. L. by W. Butler, 1799 1698 . . t 772 
 HUdreth, Richard. Amer. Journalist, Hist., and Novelist 1807 . . 1863 
 Hildreth, Samuel P., m. d. Amer. Historian & Physicist 1783. .1863 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 205 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hill, Aaron. Poet and Dramatic Writer 1685 . .1750 
 
 HiU, Geo., D.D. Principal, St. Andr. Lead, in Gen. Assemb. 1750. .1819 
 
 Hill, Isaac. American Journalist and Politician 1788. . 185 1 
 
 HiQ, Sir John. Physician and Writer 1716. .1775 
 
 Hill, Joseph. Divine and Lexicographer 1625 . .1707 
 
 Hill, Sir Richard, M. p. Controversial Writer 1733 .. 1808 
 
 Hill, Robert. Self-taught Genius 1699. .1777 
 
 HiU, Rev. Rowland. Life by Sidney, 1834; Sherman, 1851 i744- • 1833 
 
 Hill, Rowland, Viscount. Commander-in-Chief 1772. • 1842 
 
 HUl, Thomas Ford. Antiquary and Philologist — • • i795 
 
 Hill, William, d. d. American Divine 1769- • 1852 
 
 Hillel. Ekler. Ha Zaken and PoUio. Jewish Rabbi . . .B.c.ii2i'A.D.8? 
 
 HiUel. Younger. Nasi. Jewish Rabbi fl 300 •' 
 
 Hillhouse, James Abraham. Amer. Poet&Miscell.Writer 1789. .1841 
 
 Hilliard, Nicholas. Goldsmith and Portrait Painter i547 • • 1619 
 
 Hilton, John. Musical Composer — . . 1655? 
 
 Hilton, Walter. Monk of Sheen. {Ladder of Perfection) fl. 15th c. 
 
 Hilton, William, R. a. Painter 1786. . 1839 
 
 HimUco. Carthaginian General fl. B.C. 408 
 
 Himilco. Carthaginian Navigator fl. 5th c. b.c. 
 
 Himmel, Frederick Henry. German Composer 1765 . . 1814 
 
 Hinchcliflfe, John. Bishop of Peterborough 1731 . . 1794 
 
 Hinckeldey, Charles Louis Frederick von. Prussian 
 
 Minister of Police 1803 . . 1856 
 
 Hinckley, John, d. d. Divine 1617. . 1695 
 
 Hincks, Rev. T. D. Orientalist — . . 1857 
 
 Hincmar. Archbishop of Rheims. Life by S. C. Prichard 806?. 882 
 
 Hipparclius, son of Pisistratus, of Athens — B.c.514 
 
 Hipparchus. Greek Astronomer fl. (160-145) b.c. 
 
 Hippesley, Sir John Coxe, m. p. Political Writer — . . 1825 
 
 Hippocrates. Greek Physician. Father of Medicine. . .460.357 b.c. 
 
 Hippolytus, St. Ecclesiastical Writer. — . . 230 
 
 Hipponax. Greek Lyric Poet fl. 6th c. B.C. 
 
 Hire, Gabriel Philip de la. Painter 1677. .1719 
 
 Hire, Lawrence de la. French Painter 1606. . 1656 
 
 Hire, Philip de la. Mathematician 1640. .1718 
 
 Hitchcock, Edw., d. d., ll,. d. Amer. Geologist & Writer 1793 • • 1864 
 
 Hitchcock, Peter. American Jurist 1781 . . 1853 
 
 Hoadly, Benjamin. Bishop of Winchester (1734-^1) 1676. .1761 
 
 Hoadly, Benj., m. d., son. Medical and Dramatic Writer 1706. .1757 
 
 Hoadly, Rev. John, ll,. d., brother. Dramatist 1711. .1776 
 
 Hoare, Prince, f. s. a. Dramatic Writer 1755 . . 1834 
 
 Hoare, Sir Richard Colt. Topographer. ( Classical Tour) 1758. . 1838 
 Hoare, William, r. a. Historical and Portrait Painter . . 1707. .1792 
 
 Hobart, John Henry, d. d. American Divine 1776. . 1830 
 
 Hobbema, or Hobbima, Minderhout. Painter 161 1?. — 
 
 Hobbes, Thomas, of Malmesbury. Philosopher. (Levi- 
 athan.) Life by self; Richard Blackburne, 1681 1588. .1679 
 
 Hobhouse, Sir Benjamin. Statesman i757*- • 1831 
 
 Hoblyn, Robert, m. p. Book Collector 1710?. 1756 
 
 Hobson, Thomas. Cambr. Carrier ; celebrated by Milton 1544?. 1631 
 
 Hoccleve, or Occleve, Thomas. Poet 1370?. 1454? 
 
 Hoche, Lazarus. French General. Life by Rousselin, 1798 1768. .1797 
 Hochstetter, Andrew.Adam. Prot. Divine of Tiibingen 1688. .1717 
 
206 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. : 
 
 Hodges, Nathaniel, m. d. Writer on the London Plague 1630''. 
 
 Hodges, William, K. A. Painter i744- • 
 
 Hodgson, Francis. Provost of Eton. Scholar and Poet. 1780. . 
 
 Hodgson, Rev. John. {History of Northumberland) — .. 
 
 Hodgson, Robt., D. D. Dean of Carlisle. {Lift of Porteus) — .. 
 
 Hodson, William Stephens Raikes. English Soldier 1821 . , 
 
 Hody, Humphrey. {History of English Convocations) 1659. . 
 
 Hoe, Matthias de Hoenegg.' German Controversial Divine 1580. . 
 
 Hoeck, or Houk, John van, of Antwerp. Painter 1600. . 
 
 Hoeck, or Houk, Robert van, of Antwerp. Painter 1609. . 
 
 Hoelty, Louis Henry Christopher. German Poet 1748. . 
 
 Hoeltzlinus, Jeremiah. German Philologist at Leyden . . — . . 
 
 Hoerberg, Peter. Swedish Painter. Life by self, 1817 .. 1 746 . . 
 
 Hoeschelius, David. German Scholar and Coll. of MSS. 1556. . 
 
 Hoet, Gerard. Dutch Painter 1648. . 
 
 Hofer, Andrew. Tyrolese Patriot. L. by C H. Hall, 1826 1767. • 
 
 Hoffman, David. Amer. Lawyer «& Miscellaneous Writer 1784. . 
 
 Hoffman, Francis Benedict, i'r. ^Dramatic Poet, Critic. . 1760 . 
 
 Hoffman, John James, of Basle. {Lexicon Universale) . 1635. . 
 
 Hoffmann, Christian Godfrey. German Jurist 1692, . 
 
 Hoffmann, Christopher Louis. German Medical Writer. 1721. . 
 
 Hoffmann, Ernest Theod. Wm. Writer.^ {Devil's Elixir) 1776. . 
 
 Hoffmann, Frederick, of Halle. {Medicina ConsuUatoria) 1660. . 
 
 Hoffmann, Caspar. Medical Writer 1572. . 
 
 Hoffmann, John Maurice. Medical Writer 1653 . . 
 
 Hoflinann, Maurice. Anatomist and Botanist; discoverer 
 
 of Pancreatic Duct. {Fkn^oe AltdorffinoR) 1622. . 
 
 Hoffmannsegg, John Centurius, Count. Ger. Botanist 1766.. 
 
 Hoffmanowa. Clementina. Polish Authoress 1798. . 
 
 Hofland, Mrs. Barbara. Writer. Life by Ramsay, 1849 1770. . 
 
 Hofland, Thomas Christopher. Landscape Painter 1777- • 
 
 Hofmann, Daniel. Geraian Divine 1538. • 
 
 Hogan, John. Irish Sculptor 1800?. 
 
 Hogarth, William. Painter. Life by Nichols ^697. . 
 
 Hogg, James. The Ettrick Shepherd. Poet ^77^.. 
 
 Hohenlohe, Alex. Leopold, Prince of. Medical Empiric. 1794. . 
 
 Hohenlohe - Ingelfingen, Frederick Louis, Prince of. 
 
 Prussian General 1746. . 
 
 Holienlo]ie-"Waldenburg-Scliillingsfurst, Alex. Leo- 
 pold Francis Emmerich, Prince of. Hungarian Prelate 1793. . 
 
 Hoijer, Benjamin Charles Henry. Swedish Philosopher 1767. . 
 
 Holbacli, Paul Thierry, Baron von. Natural Philosopher 1723. . 
 
 Holbein, Hans, or John. Painter. Life by C Patinus. . 1498?. 
 
 Holbein, Sigisraond. Painter — aft. 
 
 Holberg, Louis, Baron. Danish Historian. (Perfer-Paars) 1684. . 
 
 Holcrofb, Fanny. Novelist — ••• 
 
 Holcroft, Thomas. Dramatic and Miscellaneous Writer 
 
 and Translator. Life by self and Hazlitt, 1816 i745- ■ 
 
 Holden, Henry. Roman Cath. Divine. {Notes on iV. T.) 1596. . 
 
 Holder, William, d. d. Mathematician and Philosopher. 1614. . 
 
 Holdsworth, Edward. Writer. {Muscipula) 1688. . 
 
 Hole, Matthew, d. d. Rector of Exeter College, Oxford. 
 
 ( On the Liturgy) 1640?. 
 
 Hole, Rev. Richard, of Farringdon. Poet. Writer, (^ri/mr) 1750?. 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 207 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hole, William. Engraver fl. 1613 
 
 Holinshed, or Holingshed, Raphael. Historian — ..1580? 
 
 Holkar, Jeswunt Rao. Mahratta Chief — . . 181 1 
 
 Holkar, Mulhar Rao. Mahratta Chief — . . 1 766 
 
 Holl, Elias. German Architect i573- • 1636 
 
 Holl, Francis X. Ger. Jes. {Statistica Ecclesice Germanice) 1720. .1784 
 Holland, Edwin Clifford. American Poet and Essayist. . 1793. , 1824 
 Holland, Elizabeth Vassall, Lady. Life by Sydney Smith 1770. . 1845 
 
 Holland, Henry. Architect I746-'' . 1806 
 
 Holland, Henry Fox, First Lord. Statesman 1705 . .1774 
 
 Holland, Henry Richard Vassall Fox, Lord. {Metnoirs of 
 
 Whig Party) i773. .1840 
 
 Holland, Hugh. Poet fl. 1604 
 
 Holland, Sir JSTathaniel Dance. Painter i734- .1811 
 
 Holland, Philemon. Translator 1551 . . 1636 
 
 Hollar, Wenzel. Engraver. Life by Geo. Vertue, 1745. 1607. .1677 
 HoUerius, or Houllier, James. French Medical Writer. . — . .1562 
 
 Holies, Denzil, Lord. Statesman i597- • ^680 
 
 HoUey, Horace, ll. d. American Divine and Educator. 
 
 Life by his widow 1781. .1827 
 
 Hollls, Thomas. Benefactor of Harvard College 1659. .1731 
 
 Hollis, Thos. Philanthropist. Memoirs, 2 vols. 4to, 1780 1720. .1774 
 HoUis, Thos. Brand. L. by Blackburne, 1780 ; Disney, 1808 — . . 1804 
 HoUman, Samuel Christian, of Gottingen. Philosopher 1696.. 1787 
 
 Holman, Lieutenant James. The Blind Traveler 1787. .1857 
 
 Holman, Joseph George. Dramatic Writer 1764. .1817 
 
 Holmes, Abiel, d. d., ll. d. Amer. Divine and Historian 1768. . 1837 
 
 Holmes, George. Antiquary 1662. .1749 
 
 Holmes, Dr. Nathaniel. Ejected Nonconformist; Hebraist — ..1678 
 Holmes, Robert. Dean of Winchester. Divine and Poet 1749. .1805 
 Holroyd, John Baker, Lord Sheffield. Political Writer, 
 
 Soldier, Statesman 1741 . . 1821 
 
 Holstein, Luke. Scholar & Writer. L. by Wilkins, 1723 1596. . 1661 
 Holt, Francis Ludlow, Q. c. Law Writer and Journalist — . .1844 
 Holt, Sir John. Ld. Chief Justice. Life, Lond. 1764, 8vo 1642. .1709 
 
 Holwell, John Zephaniah. Governor of Bengal 1711. .1798 
 
 Holyday, Rev. Barten. Divine. Translator of Juvenal 1593. .1661 
 Holyoake, Francis. {Etymological Diet, of Latin IForcfe) 1567?. 1653 
 Holyoke, Edward Augustus. American Physician, Mete- 
 orologist, and Natural Philosopher. 1728. . 1829 
 
 Holywood, John. De Sacrobosco. Mathematician — . .1256 
 
 Holzer, John Evangelist. German Fresco Painter 1709. .1740 
 
 Homberg, William. Physician and Chemist 1652. .1715 
 
 Home, David. Scottish Divine. {Apologia Basilica). . . ti. James I. 
 
 Home, Sir B^^erard. Surgeon 1756. . 1832 
 
 Home, Henry, Lord Karnes. Scottish Judge. (Elements 
 
 of Criticism.) Life by Lord Woodhouselee, 1807 .... 1696. .1782 
 Home, Rev. John. {Douglas.) Life by Mackenzie, 1822 1724. .1808 
 
 Homer. Greek Epic Poet fl. b.c. 962-927 
 
 Homer, Rev. Henry. Classical Scholar and Editor 1752. .1791 
 
 Homilius, Godfrey Aug., of Dresden. Organist and Comp. 1714..1785 
 
 Hommel, Charles Ferdinand. Civilian, of Leipsic 1722. .1781 
 
 Homond, Charles Francis 1'. French Instructor 1727. • i794 
 
 Hompesch, Ferd. de. Last Grand Master of Kts. of Malta 1 744 . . 1803 
 
208 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hondekoeter, Giles, of Utrecht. Landscape Painter. . . 1583. .1626? 
 
 Hondekoeter, Gysbrecht, son. Bird Painter 161 3. . 1653 
 
 Hondekoeter, Melchior, son. Painter 1636. . 1695 
 
 Hondius, or Hondt, Abraham. Dutch Painter 1638. . 1691 
 
 Hondius, Josse. Flemish Engraver and Letter Founder 1546. .1611 
 Hone, George Paul. Lawyer and Writer at Coburg .... 1662. . 1747 
 
 Hone, Nathaniel. Painter in Enamel — . .1784 
 
 Hone, William. Writer. {Every-Dny Book) ^779- • 1842 
 
 Honestis, Petrus de. Peter Damiani. Cardinal 988?. 1072 
 
 Honorius, Flavius. Roman Emperor (395-423) 384. . 423 
 
 Honorius. Archbishop of Canterbury (627-53) — .. 653 
 
 Honorius I. Pope (626-38) — . . 638 
 
 Honorius II. (1124-30.) Lambert — . . 1130 
 
 Honorius III. (1216-27.) Cencius Sabelli — . .1227 
 
 Honorius IV. (1285-87.) James Sabelli — . .1287 
 
 Hontheim, John Nich. de, of Treves. {History of Treves) 1701 . . 1 790 
 
 Honthorst, Gerard. Dalle Notti. Dutch Painter 1592. . \(>(>o 
 
 Hontliorst, William, brother. Painter 1604. . 1683 
 
 Hood, Alex., Adm., Lord Bridport, br. of Viscount Hood — . . 1814 
 
 Hood, Robin. Outlaw Rd. L or Hen. III.? 
 
 Hood, Sir Samuel. Vice-Admiral. Cousin of Visct. Hood — ..1814 
 
 Hood, Samuel, Viscount. Admiral 1724. . 1816 
 
 Hood, Thomas. Mathematician. Inv&aior oi Hood'' s Staff fl. 1690 
 Hood, Thomas. Poet, Humorist, and Miscellaneous Writer 1798. .1845 
 Hooffc, Peter Corneliszoon. Dutch Poiet and Historian. . , 1581 . . 1647 
 
 Hooge, Peter van. Dutch Painter 1643'. 1708 
 
 Hoogeveen, Henry. Dutch Philologist 1712. .1791 
 
 Hoogstraten, David van. Dutch Poet and Critic 1658. .1724 
 
 Hoogstraten, James van. Inquisitor; Opponent of Luther — ••1527 
 
 Hoogstraten, Samuel van. Painter 1627. . 1678 
 
 Hoogstraten, Theodore, or Dirk van. Paint, of Antwerp 1596.. 1640 
 
 Hoogue, Romain de. Dutch Engraver and Designer 1638'. 1725 
 
 Hoogvliet, Arnold. Dutch Poet. {Abraham the Patriarch) 1687.. 1763 
 
 Hook, James. Musical Composer 1746. . 1827 
 
 Hook, Dr. James, son. Dean of Wore. Polemical Writ. 1771. .1828 
 Hook, Theodore Edward. Journalist, Novelist, and Dra- 
 matic Writer. Life by Barham, 1848 1788 . . 1841 
 
 Hooke, Nathaniel. {Roman History) 1690'. 1763 
 
 Hooke, Robt., M.D. Math. {Micrographia.) L. by Waller 1635. .1702 
 
 Hooker, John, of Exeter. Antiquary 1524^ 1601 
 
 Hooker, Richard, son. {Eccles. Polity.) L. by Walton, 1665 1553''. 1600 
 Hooker, Rev. Thos. One of the Founders of Conn. Colony — . . 1647 
 
 Hooker, Sir William Jackson. Botanist 1785 . . 1865 
 
 Hoole, Charles, of Rotheram. Translator of Terence. . . 1610. .1666 
 Hoole, John. Dram. Poet, Transl. of Tasso and Ariosto 1727. .1803 
 
 Hooper, Edmund. Composer of Anthems — ..1621 
 
 Hooper, George. Bishop of Bath and Wells 1640. .1727 
 
 Hooper, John. Bishop of Gloucester, Martyr 1495 . . 1555 
 
 Hooper, William. American Patriot 1742. .1790 
 
 Hoornbeck, John. Dutch Writer 161 7. . 1666 
 
 Hoorne, John van. Anatomist and Physician 1621 . . 1670 
 
 Hoost, Peter Cornelius van. {Hist, of the Low Countries) 11581. .1647 
 
 Hope, Rev. Frederick WiUiam. Naturalist 1797?. 1862 
 
 Hope, Admiral Sir Henry, k. c. b i7^7 • • 1863 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 209 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Hope, John, m. d. Naturalist. L. by Andr. Duncan, 1786 1725 . . 1786 
 
 Hope, Sir Thomas. Scottish Lawyer — . . 1646 
 
 Hope, Thomas. Writer on Art. (Anastasius) 1770''. 1831 
 
 Hope, Thomas Charles. Scottish Chemist 1766. . 1844 
 
 Hope, Wm. Williams. Eccentric Millionnaire — . . 1854 
 
 Hopital, Michael de 1'. Chancellor of France. Life by 
 
 Bernard!; Villemain 1505 . . 1573 
 
 Hopital, Wm. Francis Anthony de 1'. Fr. Mathematician 1661 . .1704 
 Hopkins, Charles. Dramatic Poet, Translator of Ovid. . 1664. .1699 
 
 Hopkins, Edward. Governor of Connecticut — . . 1657 
 
 Hopkins, Esek. American Naval Officer 1718. .1802 
 
 Hopkins, Ezekiel. Bishop of Londondeny 1633. . 1690 
 
 Hopkins, John. Poet. (Amasia) 1675 .aft. 1700 
 
 Hopkins, Lemuel. Amer. Physician and Political Writer 1 750 . . 1801 
 Hopkins, Samuel, D. d. American Divine. Author of 
 
 Hopkinsianism 1721 . . 1803 
 
 Hopkins, Stephen. American Statesman 1707. . 1785 
 
 Hopkins, Wm., D. D. Antiquary. L. by Dr. Hickes, 1708 1647. .1700 
 Hopkins, Rev. Wm. Arian. {Appeal to Common Sense) 1706. .1786 
 
 Hopkinson, Francis. American Political Writer 1738. . 1791 
 
 Hopkinson, Joseph. American Jurist and Poet i>77o. . 1842 
 
 Hopper, Thomas. Architect 1775^. 1856 
 
 Hoppner, John, r. a. Painter and Writer 1-759 • • 1810 
 
 Hopton, Arthur. Mathematician 1589''. 1614 
 
 Hopton, Susanna. Religious Writer. (Hexameron) .... 1627. .1709 
 
 Horace. Latin Poet 65 . .8 b.c. 
 
 Herman, William, of Eton College. Divine and Botanist 1470?. 1535 
 Hormayr, Joseph von. Baron. Tyrolese Hist, and Patriot 1781 . . 1848 
 
 Hormisdas. Pope (514-23) , — . . 523 
 
 Horn, Philip Montmorency, Ct. of. Dutch Statesm. ; beh. 1522. . 1568 
 
 Homblower, Joseph C, ll. d. American Jurist 1777- • 1864 
 
 Home, Charles Edward. Musical Composer 1786. . 1849 
 
 Home, George. Hornius. Hist, and Geog. at Leyden 1620.. 1670 
 Home, George. Bishop of Norwich. ( On the Psalms.) 
 
 Life by Jones of Nayland, 1795 1730- -1792 
 
 Home, Rev.Thos. Hartwell. ( Introduction. ) L. by Chej^ne 1 780 . . 1 862 
 
 Home Tooke, John. See Tooke 1736. . 181 2 
 
 Horneek, Dr. Anth. Eng. Divine. L. by Bp. Kidder, 1698 1641 . . 1696 
 Homemann, Frederick Conrad. African Traveler . . . 1772.aft.1800 
 Homer, Francis. Writer. L. by Leonard Horner, 1843 1778. .1817 
 
 Homer, Leonard. Geological Writer 1 785 ' . 1864 
 
 Horrebow, Christian. Writer on Parallax. — ■ -^77^ 
 
 Horrebo-w, Peter. Danish Astronomer 1679. . 1764 
 
 Horrocks, or Horrox, Jeremiah. Astronomer. ( Venus in 
 
 Sole Visa) i6i9''.i64i 
 
 Horsfleld, Rev. Thos. Walker, F. s. A. {History of Sussex) — ..1837 
 
 Horsley, John. Antiquary. {Britannia Romana) 1685. .1732 
 
 Horsley, SamueL Bishop of St. Asaph .' 1733 . . 1806 
 
 Horstius, Gregory. Physician 1578 . , 1636 
 
 Horstius, James. German Physician and Botanist i537- • i^oo 
 
 Horte, Josiah. Archbishop of Tuam. {Sermons) — • • x75i 
 
 Hortense. Queen of Holland. Life by Lascelles Wraxall 1 783 . . 1837 
 Hortensius, Lambert. Dutch Philol., Poet, Historian. . 1 501. .1575? 
 
 Hortensius, Martin. Dutch Astronomer 1605 . . 1639 
 
 14 
 
210 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORX. DIED. 
 
 Hortensius, Quintus. Roman Advocate and Orator. ... 114.50 b.c. 
 
 Horvat, Stephen. Hungarian Writer 1 784 . . 1 846 
 
 Hosack, David. American Physician and Author 1769. .1835 
 
 Hosea. Hebrew Prophet 8th c. b.c. 
 
 Hoshea. Last King of Israel (b. c. 730-721) — aft. b.c. 721 
 
 Hosius, Stanislaus. Polish Cardinal 1504. .1579 
 
 Hoskins, John. Lawyer and Poet 1566. . 1638 
 
 Hoskins, John. Portrait Painter — . . 1664 
 
 Hospinian, Rodolph. Swiss Protestant Divine i547- .1626 
 
 HospitaL See Hopital. 
 
 Hossch, Sidronius. Flemish Jesuit; Latin Poet 1596. .1653 
 
 Host, Jens Kragh. Danish Historian 1772. . 1844 
 
 Hoste, John r. Fr. Math em. (Be la Sphere Arfificielle) — ..1631 
 Hoste, Paul r. Fr. Mathem. {D Art des Armees Navales) 1652.. 1700 
 
 Hostus, Matthew. German Antiquary 1 509 . . 1 587 
 
 Hothom, Walter. Poet. ( Bihlia Vti-sificata) tl. 15th c. 
 
 Hotman, or Hotomanus, Francis. See Hottoman 1524. .1590 
 
 Hotspur. See Henry Percy — ^ . . 1403 
 
 Hottinger, or Hottinguer, John Conrad. Banker 1764. .1841 
 
 Hottinger, or Hottinguer, John Henry. Swiss Protestant 
 
 Divine and OrientaHst. Life by Heidegger, 1667 1620. .1667 
 
 Hottinger, or Hottinguer, John James, son. {Ecclesiasti- 
 cal History of Switzerland) 1652 , . 1735 
 
 Hottoman, Francis. French Lawyer. ( Anti-Tribonianus) 15 24.. 1590 
 
 Houard de la Mothe, Anthony. Legal Antiquary 1725. .1803 
 
 Houbigant, Charles Francis. French Theologian. Trans- 
 lator of the Bible. Life by Adry, 1806 1686. .17S3 
 
 Houbraken, Arnold. Dutch Pa. {Lives of Dutch Painters) 1660.. 1719 
 
 Houbraken, Jacob, son. Engraver 1698. . 1780 
 
 Houchard, John Nicholas. French Republican General. 1740. .1793 
 
 Houdon, John Anthony. French Sculptor 1741 . . 1828 
 
 Houdry, Vincent. French Jesuit, Preacher, and Writer. . 1631 . .1729 
 Houel, John Peter Louis Lawrence. Fr. Paint. & Engrav. 1735 . . 1813 
 Hough, John. President of Magdalen College and Bishop 
 
 of Worcester. Life by J. E. Wilmot, 1812 ; Wm. Russell 165 1 . .1743 
 
 Houghton, Major. African Explorer i75o-'.aft.i793 
 
 Houlieres, Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde des. French 
 
 Poetess 1634?. 1694 
 
 Houllier, James. Hollerius. French Medical Writer — . . 1562 
 
 Houseman, Cornelius, of Mechlin. Painter 1643 . . 1727 
 
 Houseman, James. Painter in England 1656. . 1696 
 
 Houston, Sam. Amer. General ; Gov. and Pres. of Texas 1793 . . 1862 
 
 Houston, William. Physician and Botanist 1695?. 1733 
 
 Houteville, Claude Francis. ( Truth of the Christ. Religion) 1686. . 1742 
 
 Hoveden, Roger de. Historian — aft.1201 
 
 How, William. Physician and Botanist. 1619. .1656 
 
 Howard, Catherine. Queen of Henry VIII 1520?. 1542 
 
 Howard, Charles, created Earl of Nottingham. Command- 
 er against the Armada 1536- • 1624 
 
 Howard, Charles, Earl of Carlisle. Diplomatist 1629. . 1686 
 
 Howard, Sir Edward. Lord High Admiral — • • 1513 
 
 Howard, Edward. Lieutenant R. n. Naval Novelist ... — . . 1841 
 Howard, Frances, Countess of Essex, afterwards Countess 
 
 of Somerset i594- -1632 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 211 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Howard, George Edmund. Polit. Writer and Dramatist 1725?. 1786 
 Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey. Poet ; beh. Life by Nott 1515'.! 547 
 Howard, Henry, Earl of Northampton. Scholar & VVriter 1 539- . 1614 
 
 Howard, Henry, r. a. Painter 1769. . 1847 
 
 Howard, John. Philanthropist. Life by John Aikin, 
 1792; J. B. Brown, 1818; Thomas Taylor, 1836; W. H. 
 
 Dixon, 1848; J. Field, 1850 1726?. 1790 
 
 Howard, Luke. Meteorologist 1771 ^ • 1864 
 
 Howard, Philip, Earl of Arundel. Life by Duke of Nor- 
 folk, 1857 1557. .1595 
 
 Howard, Philip, Thomas. Cardinal — . . 1694 
 
 Howa,rd, Sir Robert. Writer. {Rtigns of Edward II. and 
 
 Richard 11. ; History of Religion) 1626. . 1698 
 
 Howard, Samuel. Musical Composer — . .1783? 
 
 Howard, Thomas, Earl, of Surrey and Third Duke of Nor- 
 folk. Naval and Military Commander I473- -1554 
 
 Howard, Thos., E. Arund. Coll. of theA rundelian Marbles — . . 1646 
 Howe, Charles. Religious Writer. {Devout Meditations) 1661. .174$ 
 Howe, John. Chaplain to Cromwell. Life by Calamy ; 
 
 J. Hunt, 1823 ; H. Rogers, 1836 1630. .1705 
 
 Howe, Richard, Fourth Viscount. First Earl. Admiral. 
 
 Life by George Mason, 1803; Sir J. Barrow, 1838 1725 . .1799 
 
 Howe, Sir William, brother. General in America — . .1814 
 
 Howell, James. Miscel. Writer. {Epistolce BowelUance). 1594?. 1666 
 Howell, Dr. William. Hist. Writer. [History of the Wm^ld) 1630''. 1683 
 Howells, Rev. William, of Long Acre Chapel. Life by 
 
 Bowdler, 1836 1778.. 1832 
 
 Howley, William. Archbishop of Canterbury- (1828-48 ) . 1 765 . . 1 848 
 
 Hoyle, Edmimd. English Writer on Games 1672. .1769 
 
 Hoyt, Gen. Epaphras. Amer. Historical & Antiq. Writer 1765. .1850 
 
 Hozier, Peter d'. Historian and Genealogist 1592- .1660 
 
 Huarte, John. Spanish Writer. ( Trial of Wits) 1530'^ 1600? 
 
 Huarte, Vincent Garcia de la. See Huerta 1729. • x797 
 
 Hubald, of St. Amand. Poet and Musical Writer 840. . 930 
 
 Hubbard, William. American Divine and Historian . . . 1621. .1704 
 Huber, Francis. Naturalist. ( Observations on Bees). . . . 1750. . 1830 
 
 Huber, John. Genevese Painter and Proiile Cutter 1722. .1790 
 
 Huber, John James. Anat. & Bot. {De Medulla Spinali) 1707. .1778 
 
 Huber, John Rudolph, of Basle. Painter 1668 .. 1748 
 
 Huber, Mary. Deistical Writer 1695 . .1753 
 
 HuDer, Michael. French Writer and Translator 1727. .1804 
 
 Huber, Peter. Swiss Naturalist i777- • 1840 
 
 Huber, Theresa. German Novelist 1764. . 1829 
 
 Huber, Ulric, of Friesland. {De .Jure Civitatis) 1636. . 1694 
 
 Hubert, Matthew. French Preacher 1640. .1717 
 
 Hue, Evariste R^gis. French Missionary and Traveler . . 1813. .i860 
 
 Huchtenburg, John van. Dutch Battle Painter 1646. .1733 
 
 Hudde, John, of Amsterdam. Statesman and Mathem.. . 1633. .1704 
 
 Huddleston, Robert. Antiquary 1776. . 1826 
 
 Hudson, Captain Henry. Discoverer of Hudson's Bay . . — ..1611 
 Hudson, Jetfrey. Dwarf at the Court of Charles I. ...*.. . —aft. 1682 
 Hudson, John, d. d., of St. Mary Hall. Classical Editor 1662. .1719 
 
 Hudson, Thomas. Portrait Painter 1701 . .1779 
 
 Hudson, William, Botanist. {Flora Anylica) '^7Z'°' • ^793 
 
212 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Huebner, John, of Hamburg. Historical Writer 1668. .1731 
 
 Huerta, Vincent Garcia de la. Spanish Poet and Critiq. . 1729. .1797 
 Huet, Peter Daniel. Bishop of Avranches. Editor of 
 Delphin Classics. {Demonstratio Evangelica.) Life by- 
 self, translated by Aikin, 1810 1630. .1721 
 
 Huett, Thomas. Translator of Welsh Bible — • • 1591 
 
 Hxifeland, Christopher William. German Physician. 
 
 ( The Art of Prolon<jing Life) 1762. . 1836 
 
 Hxifnagel, or Hofnaghel, George. Flemish Painter 1545 . . 1600 
 
 Hug, John Leonard. German Biblical Scholar and Writer 1765. .1846 
 
 Huger, Francis Kinlock. American Military Officer 1764. . 1855 
 
 Huger, Isaac. American Revolutionary General 1725?. 1782 
 
 Hugh the Great, Duke of France — . . 956 
 
 Hugh Capet, King of France (987-96), son 939*. 996 
 
 Hugh de Cluni. Abbot of Cluni , 1024. .1109 
 
 Hugh de Flavigny. Abbot. {Cfironicon Verdunense) 1065. aft. 11 15 
 Hugh de Fleury. Chronicler. {De la Puissance Royale) — . .1130? 
 Hugh de St. Cher. Cardinal. Biblical Commentator . . — . .1263 
 
 Hugh de St. Victor. Divine 1098 . . 1 141 ? 
 
 Hughes, Jabez. Scholar and Classical Translator 1685 . . 1731 
 
 Hughes, John. Poet and Essayist. (Sieye of Damascus) 1677. .1720 
 Hughes, John, d. d. American Roman Catholic Prelate 1797. .1864 
 Hugo, Chas. Louis. Fr.Writ. {Annates Premonstraiensium) 1667.. 1739 
 
 Hugo, Gustavus. Writer on Jurisprudence 1764. .1844 
 
 Hugo, Herman. Jesuit. Latin Poet 1588. . 1629 
 
 Hugtenburgh, John van. Dutch Painter 1646. .1733 
 
 Huldric, John James. Theologian of Zurich 1683. .1731 
 
 Hulin, or Hullin, Peter Augustine, Count. Fr. General. . 1758. .1841 
 
 Hull, Isaac. American Naval Officer 1775 . . 1843 
 
 Hull, Thos. Dram. Writer, Actor. {Richard Plantagenet) 1728.. 1808 
 
 Hull, William. American Revolutionary Officer I753- .1825 
 
 Hulse, Rev. John, b. a. (1728). Founder of Hulsean Lect. — . .1777^ 
 
 Hulse, Rev. John. Founder of Hulsean Prize — . . 1800 
 
 Hulsemann, John. Lutheran Theologian at Leipsic 1602. .1661 
 
 Hvdsius, Anthony. Theol. at Leyden. ( Theol. Jndaica) 1615. .1685 
 Hulsius, Henry. Theol. at Donisburg. {SummaTheologice) 162^. .lyz^ 
 
 Hulst, Peter van der. Dutch Painter 1652. .1708 
 
 Humaynn. Mogul Emperor. Life trans, by Stewart, 1832 1508. .1556 
 
 Humbert, Cardinal. Theologian — . . 1063? 
 
 Humbert, Joseph Amable. French Revolutionarj' General 1767. .^823 
 Humboldt, Charles William von. Statesman and Philolo- 
 gist. Life by Klencke and Schlesier ^7^7- • 1835 
 
 Humboldt, Frederick Henry Alexander von. Naturalist 
 
 and Traveler. {Kosmos) 1769. . 1859 
 
 Hume, David. Philosopher and Hist. Life by self, 1777, 
 ed. by Adam Smith, 1789; Robert Pratt, 1777; David 
 Dalrymple, 1787 ; T. E. Ritchie, 1807 ; J. H. Burton, 1846 1711 . . 1776 
 Hume, James Deacon, Financier. L by C. Badham, 1859 1774. .1842 
 
 Hume, Joseph, m. p. Politician ^777- • 1855 
 
 Hume, Sir Patrick. Scottish Commentator on Milton. . . fl. 1695 
 
 Hummel, John Nepomuk. Musical Composer 1778. . 1837 
 
 Hiunphrey, Heman, d. d. American Divine and Writer 1779. . 1859 
 
 Humphrey, Dr. Lawrence. Divine and Biographer 1527?. 1590 
 
 Humphrey, Pelham. Musical Composer 1647. . 1674 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 218 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Humphreys, David. American Statesman i753 • • 1818 
 
 Humphreys, Jas. Lawyer. {.Eng.Lavoof Real Property) — ..1830 
 
 Humphries, John. Musical Composer — .-1730? 
 
 Humphry, Ozias, R. A. Miniature Painter 1743 • • 1810 
 
 Hunauld, Francis Joseph. Anatomist and Physician. ... 1701 . .1742 
 
 Hunneric. King of the Vandals in Africa (477-84) — . . 484 
 
 Hunniades, John Corvinus. Hungarian General 1400?. 1456 
 
 Hunnis, William. Poetical Writer fl. ti. Eliz. 
 
 Hunnius, Giles. Lutheran Writer against Calvinists . . . 1550. .1603 
 
 Hunt, Mrs. Arabella. Singer — • • ^7°5 
 
 Hunt, Freeman. American Journalist and Author 1804. .1858 
 
 Hunt, Henry, m. p. PoHtician 1773- • 1835 
 
 Hunt, Jas. Henry Leigh. Poet & Essayist. {Autohiog.l9>bQ) 1784.. 1859 
 
 Hunt, Jeremiah, d. d. Dissenting Divine 1678. .1744 
 
 Hunt, Thomas. Hebrew Prof, at Oxford. ( On Proverbs) 1696. . 1774 
 
 Hunt, William Henry.' Painter in Water Colors 1790- • 1864 
 
 Hunter, Mrs. Anne Home. Poetess 1 741 • • 1821 
 
 Hunter, Christopher, of Durham. Phys. and Antiquary. 1675. .1757 
 
 Hunter, Henry. Scottish Preacher and Biographer 1741. .1802 
 
 Hunter, Rev. Humphrey. American Patriot 1755 . . 1827 
 
 Hxinter, John. Surgeon & Comparative Anatomist. L. by 
 
 Everard Home; Jesse Foot, 1794; Joseph Adams, 1816 1728, .1793 
 
 Hunter, John. Admiral 1738. . 1821 
 
 Hunter, John, ll. d., of St. Andrew's. Classical Editor. 1747. .1837 
 Hunter, Rev. Joseph, f. s. a. Topographer and Literaiy 
 
 Antiquary. {Hallamshire ; lllustratiojis of Shahespeare) 1783, .1861 
 Hunter, Robert. Gov. of Jamaica. {Letter on Enthusiasm) — ••1734 
 Hunter, William, M.D. Physician & Anatomist. Founder 
 
 of Hunterian Museum. Life by S. F. Simmons, 1783. 1718. .1783 
 Hunter, William. Scottish Surgeon and Orientalist .... — . .1815 
 
 Huntingdon, Henry of. Historian. Life by Smith — aft. 11 54 
 
 Huntingdon, Selina, Countess of. Life by a member of 
 
 the Houses of Shirley and Hastings, 1839 1707. . 1791 
 
 Huntingdon, William. S. S. {i. e., Smner Saved). Meth- 
 odist Preacher 1744 . . 1813 
 
 Huntingford, Geo. Isaac. Bp. of Hereford. Class. Scholar 1 748 . . 1832 
 Huntington, Robt. Bp. Raphoe. L. by Dr. T. Smith, 1704 1636. .1701 
 Huntington, Samuel. American Jurist and Patriot. ... 1732. .1796 
 Huntsman, Benjamin, of Sheffield. Inventor of Cast Steel 1704. .1776 
 
 Hunyady. See Hunniades 1400?. 1456 
 
 Huppazoli, Francis. Italian Centenarian 1587. .1702 
 
 Hurd, Richard. Bishop of Worcester. Life by self; Kilvert 1720. .1808 
 
 Hurdis, James, d. d. Poet 1 763 . . 1801 
 
 Hur6, Charles. French Jansenist. {Diet, of the Bible). . ib^f). -^717 
 
 Husbands, Herman. American Patriot — . .1794' 
 
 Huskisson, William. Statesman. Life by Wright 1770.. 1830 
 
 Huss, John. Bohemian Reformer. Life bv Cochlaeus, 
 1547; Herzovinus, 1618 ; Theobald, 1626: Werner, 1671; 
 Esberg, 1699; Seyfried, 1711; Gilpin, 1765; Zitte,1786; 
 Tischer, 1798; Wendt, 1845; Lommel,1847; A. Nean- 
 
 der, 1849 1376?. 1415 
 
 Hussey, Giles. Painter 1710. .1788 
 
 Husson, Aristides. French Sculptor 1803? . 1864 
 
 Hutcheson, Francis, ll.. d. Metaphysician 1694. . 1747 
 
214 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Hutchins, John. Topog. Historian. {History of Dorset) 1698. .1773 
 
 Hutchins, Thomas. American Geographer 1730'. 1789 
 
 Hutchinson, Anne. Religious Enthusiast in America. . . — . . 1643 
 Hutchinson, John, Colonel. Life by Lucy Hutchinson. . 161 7. .1664 
 Hutchinson, John. Philos. Author of Hutchinsonianism 1674.. 1737 
 Hutchinson, John Hely. Irish Lawyer and Statesman. . 1715 . .1794 
 Hutchinson, John Hely, Earl of Donoughmore. General 1757. .1832 
 Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy Apsley, w. of Col. John. L. by self 1620. . — 
 
 Hutchinson, Roger, of Eton i6th c. 
 
 Hutchinson, Thomas. Chief Just. Gov. of Massachusetts 171 1. .1730 
 Hutten, Ulric von. Soldier, Poet, Writer. L. by Meiuers 1488. .1523 
 
 Hutter, Elias, of Nuremberg. Polyglottist 1553. aft 1602 
 
 Hutter, Leonard, brother. Protestant Controversialist. . . 1563. . 1616 
 
 Hutton, Charles, ll. d. {Mathematical Course) T^iyi •■• ^823 
 
 Hutton, James. Geologist. {Plutonian Theory). 1726. .1797 
 
 Hutton, Matthew. Bishop of Durham (1489-95), Arch- 
 bishop of York (1595-1606) 1529. . 1606 
 
 Hutton, Matthew. Bishop of Bangor (1743-47), Arch- 
 bishop of York (1747-57), Archbishop of Canterbury — ..1758 
 Hutton, Wm., of Birmingham. Topog. Hist. L. by self 1723. .1815 
 Huxham, John, M. D., of Plymouth. Medical Writer. . . — ..1768 
 HuyghenSj Christian. Mathematician and Astronomer . . 1629. .1695 
 Huyghens, Constantine. Dutch Statesman and Latin 
 
 Poet. {Momenta Desultoria) 1596. . 1687 
 
 Huyghens, Gomarus. Dutch Theologian 1.63 1 . .1702 
 
 Huysum, Jacob van. Painter 1680. .1740 
 
 Huysum, John van. Painter of Flowers and Fruit 1682. . 1749 
 
 Huysum, Justus van. The Old. Dutch Painter 1659. .1716 
 
 Huysum, Justus van. The Young. Dutch Painter 1684.. 1706 
 
 Hyatt, John. Wesleyan Preacher. Life by Dr. Morison 1767. .1826 
 Hyde, Edward, First Earl of Clarendon. Lord Chancellor. 
 
 {History of Rebellion. ) Life by self; H. T. Lister, 1838 1608 . . 1674 
 Hyde, Henry, Second Earl of Clarendon, son. Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland. {History of the Irish Rebellion) . . . 1638. .1709 
 Hyde, Lawrence, k. g., First Earl of Rochester, younger 
 
 brother. Statesman. Lord Lieutenant — ..1711 
 
 Hyde, Sir Nicholas. Lord Chief Justice 1572?. 1631 
 
 Hyde, Thos., d. d. Orient. {Religionis Persarum Historia) 1636. .1703 
 Hyde de Neuville, John William, Baron. Fr. Politician 1776. . 1857 
 Hyder Ali. Sultan of Mysore. Life by Meer Hussein 
 
 Ali Khan, translated by Colonel Miles, 1842 1717. .1782 
 
 Hyginus, Caius Julius. Roman Writer. {Poeticon Astro- 
 
 nomicon) fl. ti. Augustus 
 
 Hyginus. Bishop of Rome (138-42) — . . 142 
 
 Hyndford, John Carmichael, Third Earl of. Scot. Diplom. 1701 . . 1767 
 
 Hypatia, of Alexandria. Philosopher — . . 415 
 
 Hyperides. Athenian Orator 396?. 322 b.c. 
 
 Hyperius, Gerard Andrew, of Ypres. Theologian 1511 . . 1564 
 
 Hyrcanus I., John. High Priest and Prince of the Jews — B.c.106 
 
 Hyrcanus II. High Priest and King of the Jews no ''.30 B.C. 
 
 Hywell ap Morgan Mawr. Prince of Glamorgan 983. .1043 
 
 Hywell ap Owain Gwynedd. Pr. of N. Wales. Poet — ..1171 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 215 
 
 * I- 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ibarra, Joachim. Spanish Printer 1725 . . 1 785 
 
 Ibbetson, Mrs. Agnes. Philosophical "Writer i757 • • "^^2;^ 
 
 Ibbetson, Julius Caesar. Landscape Painter — ..1817 
 
 Ibbot, Benjamin, D. d. Boylean Lecturer 1680. .1725 
 
 Iberville, Lemorne d'. Canadian Navigator 1642 . . 1 706 
 
 Ibn Tofail, Jaafer. Arabian Philosopher — . . 1 188 
 
 Ibrahim Pasha. Viceroy of Egypt 1789. . 1848 
 
 Ibycus. Greek Lyric Poet fl. b.c. 540 
 
 Ideler, Christian Louis. German Savant 1766. . 1846 
 
 letzeler, Christopher. Swiss Architect & Mathematician 1734. .1791 
 Iffland, Augustus Wm. Ger. Actor and Dramatic Writer 1759. . 18 14 
 Ignarra, Nicholas. Antiquary. { De Palcestrd Neapolitand) 1728.. 1808 
 
 Ignatius, St. Bishop of Antioch, and Martyr — .. 115 
 
 Ignatius, St. Patriarch of Constantinople 799. . 877 
 
 Ignatius Loyola. See Loyola 1491 . .1556 
 
 Ihre, John. Swedish Scholar and Antiquary. 1707- .1780 
 
 Udefonse, St. Bp. of Toledo. {Account of Eccks. Writers) 607,, 669 
 
 Hive, Jacob. English Printer and Writer 1710. .1763 
 
 Dlescas, Gonsalvo. Sp. Eccles. {Hist, of Cath. Pontifical) — ..1580 
 Ulyrius, Matthias Flacius, or Francowitz. Lutheran Div. 1520. .1575 
 
 nmoni, Immanuel. Finnish Physician i797- .1856 
 
 Imbert, Bartholomew. Poet, of Nismes i747- -1790 
 
 Imbert, John. French Advocate and Law Writer 1522?. 1599? 
 
 Imbert, Joseph Gabriel. French Painter 1654- -1740 
 
 Imhoflf, John (or James) William. Genealogist 165 1 . .1728 
 
 Immermann, Charles Lebrecht. Ger. Poet and Novelist 1796. . 1840 
 
 Imola, Innocent da. Francucci. Italian Painter 1480'. 1550? 
 
 Imperiali, John. Physician. {Museum Historicum) .... 1602. .1664? 
 Imperiali, John Baptist. Italian Physician and Poet. 
 
 {Fxercitationum Exoticnrum) 1568. . 1623 
 
 Imperiali, Joseph Ren^. Cardinal 165 1 . .1737 
 
 Ina. King of Wessex (689-728) — aft. 728 
 
 Inchbald, Mrs. Elizabeth. Novelist and Dramatist. Life 
 
 by Boaden, 1833 i753 • • 1821 
 
 Inchoffer, Melchior. German Jesuit 1584. . 1648 
 
 Incledon, Benjamin Charles. Singer 1764. • 1826 
 
 Inez de Castro. Queen of Portugal — . . 1355 
 
 Ingegno, L'. See L'Ingegno. Painter 1450'. 1520 
 
 Ingenhousz, John'. Dutch Physician and Chemist 1730. .1799 
 
 IngersoU, Charles Jared. American Statesman , . 1782. .1862 
 
 Ingersoll, Jared. American LaAvyer i749- • 1822 
 
 Inghen, William van. Dutch Historical Painter 165 1 . .1709 
 
 Inghirami, Cavaliere Francesco. Italian Archaeologist. 
 
 ( Monumenti Etruschi) 1772. . 1846 
 
 Inglis, Henry David. Tourist and Writer 1795 • • ^^35 
 
 Inglis, James. Poet. Murdered. {Complaynt of Scotland) — ..1530 
 Inglis, John, t>. d. Scot. Div. ( Evidences of Christianity) 1763 . . 1834 
 Inglis, Sir John Eardley Wilmot, k. c. b. Defender of 
 
 Lucknow ' 1814. .1862 
 
 Inglis, Sir Robert Harry, m. p. Politician 1786. .1855 
 
216 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED 
 
 Ingram, Rev. Dr. James. Saxonist i774- • 1850 
 
 Ingram, Rev. Robert. Biblical Writer. ( The Ten TiiUjes) 1 727 . . 1804 
 
 Ingrassias, John Philip, of Palermo. Physician 15 10. .1580 
 
 Inguimberti, Dominic Joseph Mary de. Bishop of Char- 
 
 pentras. Writer 1683. .1757 
 
 Ingulph. Abbot of Croyland. Historian 1030?. 1 109 
 
 Inman, Henry. American Artist 1801 . . 1846 
 
 Inman, Rev. James. Mathematician and Naval Architect 1776. . 1859 
 Inman, John. Amer. Journalist & Miscellaneous Writer — . .1850 
 
 Innes, Father. Historical Writer 1662 . . 1 744 
 
 Innocent I. Pope (402-17) — . . 417 
 
 Innocent II. (1130-43. ) Gregorio Papi — . . 1 143 
 
 Innocent III. (1198-1216.) Lothario Cmti. Life by 
 Lessinan, 1830; Rottengatter, 1831; Hurter, 1836; 
 
 Waibei; 1845 1161 . .1216 
 
 Innocent IV. (1243-54.) Sinibaldo de' Fieschi — . . 1254 
 
 Innocent V. (1276.) Peter de' Champagniaco 1225 . .1276 
 
 Innocent VI. (1352-62. ) Stephen A Ibert — . . 1362 
 
 Innocent VII. (1404-6.) Cosmo de' Migliorati 1336. . 1406 
 
 Innocent VIII. (1484-92.) John Baptist Cibo 1432. . 1492 
 
 Innocent IX. (1591.) John Anthony Facchinetti 1 5 19. . 1591 
 
 Innocent X. (1644-55.) John Baptist Panjili 1 572 . . 1655 
 
 Innocent XI. (1676-89. ) Benedict Odescalchi 161 1 . . 1689 
 
 Innocent XII. (1691-1700.) Anthony Pignatelli 1615 . . 1700 
 
 Innocent XTTT. (1721-24.) Michael Angeb Conti 1655 . . 1724 
 
 Interian de Ayala, John. Spanish Ecclesiastic. {Pic- 
 tor Christianus Eruditus) 1656. .1730 
 
 Inveges, Augustine. Sicilian Historian and Antiquary. 
 
 {History of Palermo) ! . 1595 . . 1677 
 
 Inwood, Charles Frederick. Architect 1798- • 1840 
 
 Inwood, Henry Wm. Architect. (Athenian Architecture) lyg^.^ .1S42 
 Inwood, William. Architect and Surveyor.* (Tables).. I77i'.i843 
 
 lolo Gotch. Welsh Bard with Owen Glendower fl. 1400-'' 
 
 Iphicrates. Athenian General 419? . 348 ■'b.c. 
 
 Irailh, Augustin Simon. French Writer 1719- -1794 
 
 IredeU, James. American Jurist 1751. 1799 
 
 IredeU, James, son. Writer on Law 1788. . 1853 
 
 Ireland, John. Writer. (Hogarth Illustrated) — . . 1808 
 
 Ireland, John. Dean of Westm. Founder of Professorship 1762 . . 1842 
 Ireland, Sam. Writer and Publisher. (Picturesque Tours) 1750?. 1800 
 Ireland, Samuel William Henry. Novelist. ( Vortigern) 1777. .1835 
 Irenseus. Bishop of Lyons. Life by Devling, 1721 ; A. 
 
 F. Gervaise, 1723 ; Beaven, 1841 ( Prat, 1843 130?. 200? 
 
 Irene. Empress of Constantinople (797-802). Life bv 
 
 Mignot, l'f62 *. 752?. 803? 
 
 Ireton, Henry. Republican Officer and Statesman 1610..1651 
 
 Irnerius, or Wernerius. Italian Jurist — aft. 11 18 
 
 Iron Mask. History of, by Lord Dover ; J. Delort, 1825 — . . 1 703 
 
 Irvine, William. American Revolutionary General 1742'. 1804 
 
 Irving, Rev. Edward. Scottish Divine. Life by Wash- 
 ington Wilks, 1854 ; Mrs. Oliphant 1792 . . 1834 
 
 Irving, Peter. American Writer 1771 • • 1838 
 
 Irving, Washington, brother. American Writer. Life by 
 
 P. M. Irving, 1862 1783 . . 1859 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 217 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Irving, William, brother. Writer 1766. . 1821 
 
 Irwin, Eyles. Writer on Eastern subjects 1748. . 181 7 
 
 Isaac. Patriarch 1896.17163.0. 
 
 Isaac I. Emperor of the East (1057-59). Comnenus — . . 1061 
 
 Isaac II. (1185-1204.) Angelus 1154. . 1204 
 
 Isaacson, Henry. Chronologist 1581 . . 1654 
 
 Isabella, of Angouleme. Queen of England, wife of John — . . 1245 
 Isabella, of Bavaria. Qu. of France, wife of Charles VI. 1371 . . 1435 
 Isabella, of France. Queen of Eng., wife of Edward II. 1292. .1358 
 Isabella, of France. Queen of Eng., wife of Richard II. 1389. .1409 
 laabeUa. Queen of Castile. The Catholic. Wife of Ferdi- 
 nand of Aragon. Life b}' Pulgar, 1545; Bravo, 1564; 
 Zurita, 1580; Molina, 1587; Marineus, 1587; Gracian, 
 
 1641 ; Mignot, 1766 ; Prescott, 1839 1451 . . 1504 
 
 Isabella. Queen of Hungary, wife of John Zapolita 1518..1558 
 
 Isabey, John Baptist. French Miniature Painter 1767 . . 1855 
 
 Iseeus. Athenian Orator fl. 420-348 b.c. 
 
 Isaiah. Hebrew Propliet fl. 760-710 B.C. 
 
 Isambert, Francis Andrew. French Politician and Jurist 1792. . 1857 
 Iscanus, Josephus, or Joseph, of Exeter. Poet. {Anti- 
 
 ocheis) fl. ti. Rd. I. & John 
 
 Iselin, Isaac. German Philosopher. (Hist, of Mankind) i'/28. .1782 
 Iselin, James Christopher. Historical Writer at Basle. . . 1681 . .1737 
 
 Ishmael, son of Abraham and Hagar 1910. 1773 b.c. 
 
 Isidore, St., of Pelusium. Monk and Scholar. (Epistles) 370?. 450? 
 Isidore, St., of Seville. Hispalensis. L. by Lucas Tudensis 570?. 636 
 Isidore. Mercator, or Peccator. Author of the Decretals fl. 800? 
 Isla, Jos. Francis de. Sp. Satirist. (L. of Friar Gerund) lyi^. .lyS^ 
 
 Isnard, Maximin. French Political Orator 1751 • • 1830 
 
 Isocrates. Athenian Orator 436 . 338 b.c. 
 
 Itard, John Mary Gaspar. Fr. Surgeon and Philosopher 1775. .1838 
 Ittigius, Thomas. Lutheran Theologian and Scholar . . . 1643. -1710 
 
 Itvirbide, Augustin. Emperor of Mexico 1784. . 1824 
 
 Ivan I., or III. Czar of Russia (1462-1505). Vasilivitch. . 1438. .1505 
 Ivan H., or IV. (1533-84.) Vasilivitch; The Terrible. . 1529.. 1584 
 
 Ivan III., or V. (1682-89.) Alexiovitch 1666 . . 1696 
 
 Ivan IV., or VI. (1740-41.) Of Brunswick Bevern 1740. . 1764 
 
 Ivanof, Feodor Feodorovitch. Russian Dramatist i777- .1816 
 
 Ives, Ivo, or Yves, St. Bishop of Chartres (1093-1115) . . 1035 . . 1115 
 
 Ives, John. Antiquary and Herald 1751 . .1776 
 
 Iveteaux, Nicholas Vauquelin, Seigneur de. French Poet 1559. . 1649 
 
 Ivory, James. Scottish Mathematician 1765 . . 1842 
 
 Ixtilxocliitl, Fernando de Alva. Indian Historian fl. i6th c. 
 
 Izaacke, Richard. {Antiquities of Exeter) ■ 1624. .1700 
 
 Izard, Ralph. American Statesman 1742. . 1804 
 
 Iziocalt H. (1433-45.) Founder of Mexican Empire . . — . . 1445 
 
218 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOKAEY. 
 
 J. 
 
 BORN. MED. 
 
 Jaapliar-ebn-Topliail. Arabian Philosopher — . .1188 
 
 Jablonowsky, Jos. Alex. von. Polish Prince & Scholar 1711. .1777 
 Jablonsky, Charles Gustavus. Prussian Entomologist . . 1756. .1787 
 
 Jablonsky, Daniel Ernest. {Jura Dissidentium) 1660. . 1741 
 
 Jablonsky, John Theod. Pruss. Scholar. {Diet, of Arts) 1654'. .1731 
 Jablonsky, Paul Ernest. Theologian and Egyptologist . . 1693 • • 1 757 
 Jacaia-ben- Joseph. Port. Rabbi; Biblical Commentator — -iSSQ 
 Jacetius, Francis de Cataneis. Ital. Platonic Philosopher 1466. .1522 
 Jackson, Andrew. General. Seventh President of the 
 United States (1829-37). Life by Eaton, 1831 ; Down- 
 ing, 1834; Bonis, 1841; Parton 1767.. 1845 
 
 Jackson, Arthur. Ejected Nonconformist. Commentator 1 593 . . 1666 
 
 Jackson, Charles. American Jurist 1775 . . 1855 
 
 Jackson, Cyril, d. d. Dean of Christ Church. Scholar 1742, .1819 
 
 Jackson, James. American Soldier and Statesman 1757 • .1806 
 
 Jackson, Rev. John. Ai-ian Div. {Chronolog. Antiquities) 1686.. 1763 
 
 Jackson, John, r. a. Portrait Painter 1778 . . 1831 
 
 Jackson, Joseph. Letter Founder i733- -1792 
 
 Jackson, Patrick Tracy. Amer.Merch. L. by J. A. Lowell 1780. .1847 
 
 Jackson, Robert, m. d". Wi-iter on Fever 1751 • • 1827 
 
 Jackson, Thos. Dean of Peterborough. ( On the Creed) 1579. .1640 
 Jackson, Thomas Jonathan. Stonewall. American " Con- 
 federate ' ' General. Life by Dr. Dabney ; J. M. Daniels 1826 . . 1863 
 Jackson, Wm., of Exeter. Musical Composer and Writer 1730. . 1803 
 Jackson, William. Greek Professor and Bishop of Ox- 
 ford. Translator of Eratosthenes 1750. .1815 
 
 Jacob. Patriarch 1836 . 1689 b.c. 
 
 Jacob, of Edessa. Zanzalus. Found, of Jacobite Churches — .. 578 
 
 Jacob, of Nisibis — 350 or 2,3^ 
 
 Jacob, Giles. Law Writer and Biographer 1686. .1744 
 
 Jacob, Henry. Independent Divine 1561 . . 1626 
 
 Jacob, Hen., son. Philol. & Orient. ( Or. et Lat. Poemata] 1607-''. 1652 
 
 Jacob, John. Commander of the Scinde Horse 1813. . 1858 
 
 Jacob, John. Mechanical Inventor and Printer in Persia fl. 1650' 
 Jacobaeus, Oliger. Danish Physician and Latin Poet. . . 1650. .1701 
 Jacobazzi, Dominic. Cardinal. {A Treatise on Councils) 1443. .1527 
 Jacobi, Charles Gustavus Jacob. German Mathematician 1804. .1851 
 Jacobi, Fred. Henry. Metaphysician. L. by Kuhn, 1834 1743 . . 1819 
 
 Jacobi, John George, brother. German Poet 1740- .1814 
 
 Jacobi, Maximilian. German Physician 1775. .1858 
 
 Jacobs, Christian Fred. Wm. Ger.'Philol. and Tale Writer 1764. . 1847 
 
 Jacobs, Jurien. Swiss Painter 1610. . 1664 
 
 Jacobs, Lucas. Lucas van Leyden. Painter i494- -1533 
 
 Jacobson, John Charles Godfrey. Prussian Technologist 1726. .1789 
 
 Jacomb, Thomas. Ejected Nonconformist Divine 1622. . 1687 
 
 Jacopone da Todi. Italian Poet. {Spiritual Canticles) — ..1306 
 
 Jacotot, John Joseph. French Educationist 1770. . 1840 
 
 Jacquard, Joseph Mary. Mechanician. L. by De Fortis 1752. .1834 
 Jacquelot, Isaac. Fr. Prot. Theologian. {Existence of God) 1647.. 1708 
 Jacquemont, Victor. French Traveler and Naturalist. . 1801. .1832 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 219 
 
 BORN. ''died. 
 
 Jacques, Fr^re. Baulot. French Lithotomist 1651 . .1720 
 
 Jacquet, Louis. French Essayist 1732. .1793 
 
 Jacquier, Francis. Jesuit, fiditor of Newton 1711 . . 1788 
 
 Jacquin, Nicholas Joseph. Botanist. { Florae Austriacce) iy2y. .1817 
 
 Jadelot, Nicholas. French Medical Writer i73^ -1793 
 
 Jaeger, John Wolfgang. Lutheran Divine 1647. .1720 
 
 Jaenbert. Archbishop of Canterbury (766-90) — • • 790 
 
 Jago, Richard. English Poet. {Edgehill) 1715..1781 
 
 Jahn, Frederick Louis. Ger. Litterateur and Politician 1778.. 1852 
 
 Jahn, John. Orientalist 1750. . 1817 
 
 Jaillot, Hubert Alexis. French Geographer 1640?. 1 712 
 
 Jaillot, ne Renou, John Baptist Michael, son-in-law. (i^e- 
 
 cherehes sur Paris) 1710''. 1780 
 
 Jakob, Louis Henry von. Ger. Philos. & Polit. Economist 1759. . 1827 
 
 Jamblichus. Neoplatonist — bef.330 
 
 James, St. The Elder. Apostle — . . 44? 
 
 James, St. The Less. Apostle — .. 62? 
 
 James I. King of Aragon. The Conguerw 1206. . 1276 
 
 James II. The Just 1261 . . 1327 
 
 James I. King of Scotland. (1406-37). Life by Arthur 
 
 Wilson ; Robert Chalmers, 1830 i394- • i437 
 
 James II. (1437-60^ 1430. . 1460 
 
 James III. (1460-88) 1453. . 1488 
 
 James IV. (1488-1513.) Fell at Flodden 1473. .1513 
 
 James V. (1513-42.) Life by Paterson. 1512. .1542 
 
 James I. King of England (1603-25). Life by Arthur 
 Wilson, 1653 ; W. Sanderson, 1656 ; Wm. Harris, 1753 ; 
 
 Laing, 1804 ; Thomas Thomson, 1825 1566. . 1625 
 
 James II. ( 1685-88. ) L. by Bishop Burnet ; J. S. Clarke, 
 1816; Lord Lonsdale; Richard Burton, 1693; David 
 Jones, 1702; Bretonneau; M. T. C Duplessis, 1740. . 1633. .1701 
 James, Geo. Payne Rainsford. Novelist, Hist., and Poet 1801. .i860 
 James, John Angell. Dissenting Divine of Birmingham 1785. . 1859 
 James, John Thomas. Bishop of Calcutta. Life by son 1786. .1829 
 
 James, Richard. Scholar, Antiquary, and Divine 1592. • 1638 
 
 James, Robert, m. d. Inventor of James's Powder 1703. -1776 
 
 James, Thomas. Arctic Navigator 17th c. 
 
 James, Thos., d. d. Coll. of MSS. ( Corruption of Script.) 1571 , . 1629 
 Jam.es, Thos., d. d. Mast, of Rugby. ( Compend'.of Geog.) — . . 1804 
 James, Rev. Thomas. Antiquary & Miscellaneous Writer — ..1863 
 
 James, William. (Naval History of Great Britain) — . . 1827 
 
 James, William. Railway Projector 1770. .1837 
 
 James Francis Edward. The Elder Pretender. Cheva- 
 lier de St. George 1688 . . 1 765 
 
 James de Vitry. Cardinal. {Eastern (^Western History) — ..1244 
 James de Voragine. Abp. of Genoa, ( Golden Legend) 1230?. 1298 
 
 Jam.eson, Mrs. Anna. Writer on Art 1797 . . i860 
 
 Jameson, Robert. Scottish Naturalist i774- • 1854 
 
 Jamesone, George. Scottish Portrait Painter 1586. . 1644 
 
 Jamet, Peter Charles. Fr. Writer. (Metaphysical Essays) 1701 . .1770? 
 
 Jami, or Djami. Persian Poet 1414 . . 1492 
 
 Jamieson, John, d. d. Theologian and Philologist 1758 . . 1838 
 
 Jamyn, Amadis. French Poet 1530'- 15^5^ 
 
 Jane I. Queen of Naples (1343-82) 1327. . 1382 
 
220 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 / 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Jane H. Queen of Naples (1414-35) 1370. .1435 
 
 Jane d'Albret. Queen of Navarre. L. by M. W. Freer 1528. .1572 
 Janeway, Jas. Ejected Nonconf. (Token for Children) 16^6. .1674 
 Janicon, Francis Michael. Fr. Polit. Writer in Holland 1674''. 1730 
 
 Janozki, John Daniel Andrew. Polish Writer 1720. .1786 
 
 Jansenius, Cornelius. Bishop of Ghent. {Harmony of 
 
 the Gospels) 1510. .1576 
 
 Jansenius, Cornelius. Bp. of Ypres. Auth. of Jansenism. 
 
 (Augustinus.) Life by Leydecker, 1695; Frick, 1717. . 1585. .1638 
 
 Jansenius, James, of Louvain. Commentator i547- • 1625 
 
 Janson, Jansonius, or Jenson, Nicholas. French Printer 
 
 and Type Founder — . . 1481 ? 
 
 Janssens, Abraham. Dutch Historical Painter 1569. .1631 
 
 Janssens, or Johnson, Cornelius. Dutch Portrait Painter 
 
 in England 1590 . . 1665 
 
 Janssens, Victor Honorius. Dutch Historical Painter . . 1664. .1739 
 
 Januarius, St. Bishop of Benevento. Martyr fl. ti. Dioclet. 
 
 Japix, or Japicks, Gysbert. Frisian Poet 1603 . . 1666 
 
 JarcM, Solomon Bern. Isaac. Rabbi and Commentator. . 1104. .1180 
 
 Jardine, George, of Glasgow. Professor of Logic i743- • 1827 
 
 Jardins, Mary Hortense des. French Novelist 1632. . 1683 
 
 Jardyn, Karel, or Charles, du. Dutch Painter. 1640 . . 1678 
 
 Jarnowich, or Giornovichi, Giovanna Mane. Violinist. . 1745 . . 1^04 
 Jarrlge, Peter. French Jesuit. {Jesuits on a Scaffold) . . 1605. .1660 
 Jarry, Lawrence Juillard du. French Poet and Divine. . 1658. . 1730 
 
 Jarry, Nicholas. French Caligraphist 1620? — 
 
 Jars, Gabriel. French Metallurgist 1732 . .1769 
 
 Jarvis, Abraham, d. d. American Divine i739- -1813 
 
 Jarvis, John. Painter on Glass i749- • 1804 
 
 Jarvis, Samuel Farmar. American Divine and Author. . 1786. .1851 
 
 Jasmin, James, of Agen. Barber Poet 1798. . 1864 
 
 Jason. Tyrant of Pherae — B.c.370 
 
 Jasper, William. American Revolutionary Soldier I75o^ 1779 
 
 Jaubert, Peter Am^d^e ;6milien Probe, Chevalier. French 
 
 Orientalist 1779. .1847 
 
 Jaucourt, Louis de. Chevalier. French Medical Writer. . 1704. .1779 
 Jault, Augustus Francis. Fr. Med. Writer and Translator 1700. .1757 
 
 Jaureguy y AguUar. Spanish Poet and Painter 1566. . 1650 
 
 Jay, Anthony. French Publicist 1770. . 1854 
 
 Jay, Guy Michael le. French Orientalist. {Polyglot Bible) 1588. . 1674 
 Jay, John. Amer. Jurist & Statesm. L. by Wm. Jay, 1832 1745 • -1829 
 Jay, Rev. Wm., of Bath. Life by Redford and James, 1854 1769. . 1853 
 
 Jay, William. American Jurist and Philanthropist 1779. • 1858 
 
 Jayadeva. Hindoo Poet. ( Gita Govinda) fl. 1150'' 
 
 Jazikoff, Nicholas. Russian Poet 1805?. 1847 
 
 Jeacock, Caleb. Writer and Orator. {Vind.of St.Paul) —..1786? 
 
 Jeanes, Rev. Henry. Divine 161 1 . . 1662 
 
 Jean Jacques. See Rousseau 1712. .1778 
 
 Jeanne d'Arc. Maid of Orleans. See Dare 1412?. 1431 
 
 Jeannin, Peter. Fr. Statesm. {Memoii's ^ Negotiations) 1540. .1622 
 
 Jean Paul. See Richter 1763. . 1825 
 
 Jeaurat, Edme Sebastian. French Mathematician 1724. .1803 
 
 Jebb, John, m. d. Theological, Political, & Med. Writer 1736. .1786 
 Jebb, John. Bishop of Limerick. L. by C Forster, 1836 1775 . . 1833 
 
L 
 
 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 221 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Jebb, Sir Joshua, K. c. B. General. Surveyor- General 
 
 of Prisons 1793?. 1863 
 
 Jebb, Samuel, m. d. Classical Writer — . .1772 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas. Third President of the United States. 
 
 Life by T. J. Randolph, 1829; George Tucker, 1836. . 1743. -1826 
 
 Jeffery, /ohn. Archdeacon of Norwich. Divine 1647. .1720 
 
 Jeffrey, Francis, Lord. Scotch Judge. Editor of Edin- 
 burgh Review. Life by Lord Cockburn, 1852 ^773- • 1850 
 
 Jeffreys, George. Judge. Life by Woohych, 1827 1640?. 1689 
 
 Jeffreys, George. Poet 1678 ..1755^ 
 
 Jeffries, John. American Physician i744- • 1819* 
 
 Jehanghir. Mogul Emperor of India (1605-27) — . . 1627 
 
 Jehoahaz, son of Jehu, King of Israel (b. c. 856-840). . — B.c.840 
 Jehoahaz, son of Josiah, King of Judah (b. c. 610). 
 
 Shallum — aft.B.c.6io 
 
 Jehoiacliin, Jecgniah, orConiah (b. c. 599). . . 6o7or6i7.aft.599B.c. 
 Jehoiakim, King of Judah (b. c. 610-599). Eliahim. . . .635 . 599 B.C. 
 Jehoram, or Joram, son of Ahab, K. of Israel (b.c. 896-884) — B.c.884 
 Jehoram, or Joram, son of Jehoshaphat, King of Judah 
 
 (B. c. 893?-885?) 924?.885?B.c. 
 
 Jehoshaphat, King of Judah (b. c. 914-889?) 949'.889?B.c. 
 
 Jehu, King of Israel (b. c. 884-856) — B.c.856 
 
 Jejeebhoy, Sir Jamsetjee. Benefactor of Bombay 1783. .1859 
 
 Jekyll, Sir Joseph. Lawyer and Statesman 1664. .1738 
 
 Jellachich de Buzim, Joseph, Baron. Ban of Croatia, 
 
 &c. ; General 1801 . . 1859 
 
 Jenischius, Paul. Dutch Writ. ( TKeatrum. Animarum) 1558. . 1647 
 Jenkin, Robt. Nonjuror. {^Reasonableness of Clirist. Rel.) 1656. .1727 
 
 Jenkins, David. Judge 1586' . 1667 
 
 Jenkins, Henry, of Yorkshire. Centenarian 1501 . . 1670 
 
 Jenkins, John. Musical Composer ' 1592. . 1678 
 
 Jenkins, Sir Leoline. Statesman. Life by Wynne, 1724 1623?. 1685 
 
 Jenkinson, Anthony. English Traveler in Asia — . .1584 
 
 Jenkinson, Charles, First Earl Liverpool. Statesman . . 1727. .1808 
 Jenkinson, Robert Banks, Second Earl Liverpool. Pre- 
 mier (1812-27) 1770. .1828 
 
 Jenks, Benjamin. Religious Writer. {^Prayers) 1646. .1724 
 
 Jenkyns, William. Nonconformist Divine. {On Jude) 1612. .16^^ 
 
 Jennens, Charles. Composer of words for Handel — • -^773 
 
 Jenner, Edward, m. d. Inventor of Vaccination. Life by 
 
 Dr. Baron, 1827 ; J. C Lettsom 1749. . 1823 
 
 Jenner, William. English Miser 1701 . .1797 
 
 Jennings, David, D. D. Dissent. Div. {Jewish Antiquities) 1691..1762 
 Jennings, Henry Constantine. Antiquary and Virtuoso. 1731 . .1819 
 Jenson, or Janson, Nich. Fr. Printer and Type Founder — ..1481? 
 Jenyns, Soame. Poet and Writer. L. by C.'^Nalson Cole 1704. .1787 
 
 Jephson, Robert. Dramatic Poet 1736. . 1803 
 
 Jeremiah. Hebrew Prophet fl. 678-570 b. c. 
 
 Jeremie, Sir John. Colonial Judge i795 • • ^841 
 
 Jerningham, Edward. Poet 1727. .1812 
 
 Jeroboam, son of Nebat, First K. of Israel (b. c. 975-953) — ^.c.g^z 
 Jeroboam, son of Joash, King of Israel (b. c. 825-784). . — B.c.784 
 Jerome, St. Life by Erasmus, 1519 ; Stigelius, 1546 ; Si- 
 
 guenza, 1600; Martianay, 1706; F. Z. CoUombet, 1845 345 ^ .420 
 
222 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Jerome, of Prague. Reformer. Life by G. H. A. Wagner, 
 
 1803 ; Heller, 1835 1378?. 1416 
 
 JerrarQjRev. Chas. [Inf. Baptism.) L. byJ. Jerram, 1855 1770. .1853 
 Jerrold, Douglas Wm. Humorist. L. byB. Jerrold, 1859 1803. .1857 
 
 Jervas, Charles. Portrait Painter 1675 ' ■ ^ 739 
 
 Jervis, Sir John, First Earl of St. Vincent. Admiral. Life 
 
 by Captain Edward P. Brenton, 1838; Tucker, 1844. . 1734. .1823 
 
 Jesi, Samuel. Italian Engraver i7^9- -1853 
 
 Jessey, Henr^^ Ejected Nonconf. Divine and Orientalist — ..1663 
 
 Jeuffroy, R. V. French Gem and Medal Engraver i749- • 1826 
 
 Jeune, John le. French Oratorian Divine. (^Sermons). . 1592. .1672 
 Jewel, or Jewell, John. Bishop of Salisbury. Life by 
 
 Dr. Humfrej^ 1573; Featley, 1645; E. Bohun, 1685; 
 
 C. W. Le Bas; Isaacson, 1823 1522. .1571 
 
 Jewsbtiry, Miss Maria Jane (Mrs. Fletcher). Essayist. . — . .1833 
 
 Jezed I. Fifth Caliph (680-83) — . . 683 
 
 Joachim. Prophet. Abbotof Fiore. L. by Gervaise, 1745 1130. .1202 
 Joachim, George. Swiss'Mathematician and Astronomer 1514. .1576 
 Joachim., John Frederick. Ger. Historian and Medalist 17 13. .1767 
 
 Joan of Arc. Maid of Orleans. See Dare 1412?. 1431 
 
 Joan. Queen of Naples. ^See Jane. 
 
 Joanes, or Juanes, J. Bapt. Spanish Painter 1523. -1579 
 
 Joanna. Queen of Naples. See Jane. 
 
 Joanna, or Juana. Q. of Spain, wife of Archduke Philip 1479. . 1555 
 
 Joash, or Jehoash, son of Ahaziah, King of Judah (b. c. 
 
 878-838) — B.C. 838 
 
 Joash, or Jehoash, son of Jehoahaz, King of Israel (b. c. 
 
 839-823) — B.C. 823 
 
 Jobert, Louis. French Jesuit. (La Science des Mednilles) 1637. .1719 
 Jocher, Christian Theophilus, of Leipsic. {Dictionary of 
 
 Learned Men) 1694. .1758 
 
 Jocundus, Francis John. See Giocondo 1450'' • 1 521 •'' 
 
 Joddrell, Richard Paul. English Writer i745 • • 1831 
 
 Jode, Arnold de. Engraver. {Mercury instructing Cupid) 1626"^'. — 
 Jode, Peter de, of Antwerp. Engi'aver. {I^ast Judgment) I'-^jo. .162,^ 
 
 Jode, Peter de, son. Engraver 1602 . . — 
 
 JodeUe, Stephen. Father of the French Theater 1532. . 1573 
 
 Joecher, or Jocher, Christian Theophilus. See Jocher. . . 1694. .1758 
 
 Joel. Hebrew Prophet fl. B.C. 800-' 
 
 Joffredy, Geoffroi, or Jouffroy. Cardinal 141 2. . 1473 
 
 JofFrid. Abbot of Croyland. Promoter of Learn, at Camb. fl. 12th c. 
 Jogues, Isaac. Fr. Miss, among the North Amer. Indians 1607. . 1646 
 Johannseus, Finnur. Icelandic Writer. See Jonsson. . . 1704. .1789 
 
 Johannes Secundus. See Everard. {Basia) 1511. .1536 
 
 Johannot, Chas. Hen. Alfred. Fr. Paint. & Book lUustrat. 1800. .1837 
 Johannot, Tony, brother. Painter and Book Illustrator. 1803. .1852 
 
 John I. Emperor of the East (969-76). Zimisces —..976 
 
 John II. (1118-43.) Comnenus — ..1143 
 
 JohnlU. (1222-55.) Ducas ii93--i255 
 
 John IV. (1259.) Lascaris 1253?. 1284 
 
 John V. Cantacuzenus. Regent (1341-47); usurper 
 
 (1347-55) 1311?. 1411 ■'' 
 
 John VI. Palceologus. Under Regent (1341-47); alone 
 
 (1353-91) — ..1391 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIOXARY. 223 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 JohnVn. Emperor of the East (1425-48) — ..1448 
 
 Jotml. Pope(523-26) — .. 526 
 
 Johnll. (532-35) — .. 535 
 
 John III. (560-73) — . . 573 
 
 JohnlV. (640-42) — . . 642 
 
 JohnV. (685-87) — .. 687 
 
 John VI. (701-5) — . . 705 
 
 John VII. (705-7) — . . 707 
 
 John VIII. (872-82) — . . 882 
 
 John IX. (898-900). — . . 900 
 
 JohnX. (914-28) — . . 928 
 
 John XI. (931-36) 906?. 936 
 
 John XII. (956-63.) Octavian. Deposed 938?. 964 
 
 John XIII. (965-72) _ . . 972 
 
 John XIV. (983-84.) Deposed ; _ . . 995 
 
 John XV. (985) bv some not reckoned — . . 985 
 
 John XV., or XVI."" (985-96) — . . 996 
 
 John XVI., or XVII. (997-98.) Philagathus. Antipope — . . 998 
 
 John XVII., or XVIII. (1003) — . . 1003 
 
 John XVIII., or XIX. (1003-9) — ..1009 
 
 John XIX., or XX. (1024-33) — . . 1033 
 
 John XX., or XXI. (1276-77) — . .1277 
 
 John XXI., or XXII. (1316-34.) James de Ossa 1244?. 1334 
 
 John XXII., or XXIII. (1410-15.) Balthasar Cossa. De- 
 posed — . . 1419 
 
 John. King of England. Life by William Prynne, 1670 ; 
 
 Berington, 1790 1166. . 1216 
 
 John I. King of France (1316) 1316. .1316 
 
 John II. (1350-64.) Le Bon. Life by F. T. De Choisy, 
 
 1388 ; De Monraerque, 1944 '. . 1319?. 1364 
 
 John I. K. of Portugal (1385-1433). L. by Eryceira, sen. 1357 . . 1433 
 
 John II. (1481-95.) The Great 1455.. 1495 
 
 John III. (1521-57.) Life by Francis d'Andrada, 1533 1502. . 1557 
 John IV. (1640-56.) Duke of Braganza. The Fortunate 1604. .i6$6 
 
 JohnV. (1707-50) 1689.. 1750 
 
 John VI. (1821-26) 1769. . 1826 
 
 John I. King of Castile and Leon (1379-90) 1358 . . 1390 
 
 John II. (1406-54) 1405 . . 1454 
 
 John I. King of Aragon (1387-95) 1350- -1395 
 
 John II. (1458-79.) King of Navarre (1425-79) 1397. . 1479 
 
 John I. King of Navarre = John II. of France 1319'. 1364 
 
 John II. (1425-79) = JohnlL of Aragon (1458-79) 1397. .1479 
 
 John III. (1494-1516) — ..1516 
 
 John. King of Bohemia (1310-46). Fell at Crecy 1295?. 1346 
 
 John I. King of Poland (1492-1501) 1459. .1501 
 
 John II. (1648-68.) Casimir (or Casimir V.) 1609. . 1672 
 
 John III. (1674-96.) SobiesM 1629. . 1696 
 
 John I. King of Sweden (1216-22) — 1222 or 3 
 
 John II. (1497-1513) and L of Denmark (1481-1513) . . 1455. .1513 
 
 John HI. (1568-92) 1537. -1592^ 
 
 John. Emperor of Russia. >See Ivan. 
 
 John I. King of Denmark (1481-1513). King of Sweden 
 
 (1497-1513) 1455 . . 1513 
 
 John I. Duke of Brittany (1237-86) 1217..1286 
 
224 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Jolin n. Duke of Britain^ (1286-1304) 1239. . 1304 
 
 John III. (1312^1.) The Good 1286. .1341 
 
 John, Ct. of Montfort, reckoned by some IV. of Brittany. — . .1345 
 
 John IV., or V. (1364-99.) Tlie Valiant 1338. .1399 
 
 John v., or VI. (1399-1442.) The Good and the Wise . 1389. . 1442 
 
 John, Duke of Burgundy. Sans Peur 1371 . . 1419 
 
 John of Austria, Don. Governor of the Netherlands ... 1545 .. 1578 
 John of Beverly. Bishop of Hexham and of York .... — . . 722 
 
 John of Bologna. French Sculptor 1524. . 1608 
 
 John of Bruges, or John Van Eyck. Painter 1370 . 1441 
 
 John of Cappadocia. Patriarch of Constantinople. Writ. — .. 596? 
 
 John of the Cross, St. Spanish Ascetic Divine 1542. -1591 
 
 John of Damascus, St. Ecclesiastical Writer — . . 756? 
 
 John of Gaunt, or Ghent. Duke of Lancaster, son of 
 
 Edward III 1340 . . 1399 
 
 John of Hexharu. Johannes Bagustaldensis. Chronicler fl. 1 1 70 
 
 John of Leyden, or John Boccold. Fanatic 15 10?. 1536 
 
 John of Paris. Theol. (De Regid Potestate et Papali) — . .1304 
 
 John of Ragusa. Orientalist and Theologian fl. 15th c. 
 
 John of Salisbxiry. Bishop of Chartres iiio. . 1180 
 
 John of Udino. Italian Painter i494- -1564 
 
 John the Baptist, St. Forerunner of Christ B.C. 5 . a.d. 28? 
 
 John the Evangelist, St. Apostle — ab. 100 
 
 John the Scholastic. (SwaYtoiorj navoviav) — . . 57^ 
 
 Johnes, Thomas. Translator of Froissart 1748. ■ 1816 
 
 Johnson, Charles. Dramatic Writer 1679. .1748 
 
 Johnson, Edward. Historian of New England 1600?. 1672 
 
 Johnson, Miss Hester. Stella. Friend of Swift 1684. .1727 
 
 Johnson, Rev. John. Nonjuring Divine. ( 27<e Unbloody 
 
 Sacrifice.) Life by Dr. Brett 1662. .1725 
 
 Johnson, Martin. Landscape Painter ; — . . 1685? 
 
 Johnson, Maurice. Antiquary 1687. .1755 
 
 Johnson, Rd., of Nottingham." ( Grammat. Commentaries) — . . 1721 
 Johnson, Richard Mentor. Vice-President of the U. S.. 1780. .1850 
 Johnson, Rev. Samuel. Prot. Controv. and Polit. Writer 1649. .1703 
 Johnson, Samuel, d. d. American Educator and Writer 1696. .1772 
 Johnson, Sam. Dramatist & Humorist. {Hurlothrumbo) 1705'''. 1773 
 Johnson, Samuel, ll. d. Essayist, Poet, and Lexicogra- 
 pher. Life by Boswell; Thos. Tyers; Sir J. H. Haw- 
 kins, 1787 ; Dr. Robert Anderson, 1795 ; J. F. Russell, 
 
 1847; Thomas Carlyle, 1853 1709. .1784 
 
 Johnson, Thomas. Botanist. Editor of Gerard's Herbal 1561 . . 1644 
 Johnson, Thomas, of Eton and Brentford. Class. Editor 1675?. 1750? 
 
 Johnson, W. A. B. African Missionary ^l'^7 ■ ■ 1823 
 
 Johnson, Walter Rogers. American Physicist i794- • 1852 
 
 Johnson, Sir William. Superintendent-General of Indian 
 
 Affairs in North America 1715. .1774 
 
 Johnson, William. American Jurist 1771 . . 1834 
 
 Johnston, Albert Sydney. Amer. *' Confederate " General 1803. . 1862 
 Johnston, or Jonston, Arthur. Physician and Latin Poet. 
 
 Translator of the Psalms 1587. . 1641 
 
 Johnston, Charles. Writer. ( Chrysal) — . . 1800? 
 
 Johnston, Gabriel. Colonial Governor of South Carolina — .-1752 
 Johnston, George. Naturalist 1789- • 1855 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 225 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Johnston, James F. W. Scottish Chemist and Agricult. 
 
 Writer. Prof, at Durham. {Chemistry of Common Life) iyg6. .18^;^ 
 
 Johnston, John. Naturalist 1603 . . 1675 
 
 Johnstone, Archibald, of Warriston. Presb3't. Leader. . — ..1663 
 Johnstone, Dr. Bryce. Scot. Div. ( On the Revelation) 1747. .1805 
 Johnstone, Chevalier de. Jacobite. {Memoirs of the Re- 
 hellion o/" 1745-46) 1720. .iSoo? 
 
 Johnstone, George, m.p. Captain r.n. {Our Acquisi- 
 tions in the East Indies) — . . 1 787 
 
 Johnstone, James, m. d., of Worcester. Medical and 
 
 Physiological Writer. L. by Hen. Jas. Johnstone, 1846 1730. .1802 
 Johnstone, John, m. d., of Birmingham. Medical Writ- 
 er. Biographer of Parr 1768. . 1836 
 
 Johnstone, John Henry. Comic Actor and Vocalist. . . . 1750. .1828 
 Joinville, John, Sieur de. Statesm. {Hist, of Louis IX.) i223or4.i3i9? 
 Jolivet, John Baptist Moyse, Count de. Statistical Writer 1754. . 1818 
 Jolliet, or Joliet, Louis. One of the Discoverers of the 
 
 Mississippi River — ab.1730 
 
 Joly, Claude. French Political Writer. {Maxims for 
 
 Education of a Prince) 1607. .1700 
 
 Joly, Francis Anthony. French Comic Writer 1672. .1753 
 
 Joly, Guy. {Historical Memoirs) fl. 1665-' 
 
 Joly, Marv Elizabeth. French Actress 1761 . .1798 
 
 Jomard, M. French Geographer 1776' . 1862 
 
 Jomelli, Nicholas. Italian Musical Composer 1714- -1774 
 
 Jonah. Hebrew Prophet fl. B.C. 862 
 
 Jonas, Arngrim. Historian and Antiquary of Iceland .. . 1568.. 1648 
 
 Jonas, Justus. German Protestant Reformer i493- -1555 
 
 Jones, Anson. Last President of Texas 1798. . 1858 
 
 Jones, David. Welsh Poet and Collector of Welsh MSS. — ..1785?. 
 
 Jones, Edward. Welsh Musician 1751?. 1821 
 
 Jones, Rev. Griffith. Welsh Philanthropist 1684. .1761 
 
 Jones, Griffith. Writer of Juvenile Books and Journalist 1721 . .1786 
 
 Jones, Henry. Dramatic Poet. ( Earl of Essex) 1 720'' . 1 770 
 
 Jones, Inigo. Architect. Life by Peter Cunningham. .. 1572?, 1652 
 
 Jones, Jacob. American Naval Officer 1770. . 1850 
 
 Jones, James Chamberlain. American Statesman 1809. .1859 
 
 Jones, Jeremiah. Dissent. Div. ( Canon. Authority of N. T.) 1693 . .1724 
 
 Jones, John. Medical Writer — aft.1579 
 
 Jones, John. Eng. Benedictine in Spain. Biblical Writer 1575 . . 1636 
 Jones, John, ll. d. Unitarian Minister and Philologist 1765?. 1827 
 
 Jones, John Edward. Sculptor 1806?. 1862 
 
 Jones, John Gale. Political Orator 1771 . . 1838 
 
 Jones, John Paul. Naval Adventurer. Life by A. S. Mac- 
 kenzie, 1841; W. G. Simms, 1845 i747. -1792 
 
 Jones, Leslie Grove, Colonel. Political Writer i779- • 1839 
 
 Jones, Noble Wimberly. American Physician and Patriot 1 725 . . 1805 
 
 Jones, Owen. Welsh Antiquaiy 1740 . . 1814 
 
 Jones, Rice. Welsh Poet. ( Welsh Anthology). 1716. . 1801 
 
 Jones, Richard. Welsh Divine. {Gemma Cambricum). . . — ..1652? 
 Jones, William, father of Sir William. Mathematician. . 1680. .1749 
 Jones, Sir Wm. Orient. Life by Lord Teignmouth, 1804 1746. . 1794 
 Jones, Rev. William, of Nayland. Hutchinsonian Divine. 
 
 ( Catholic Doctrine ofihe'Trinity.) Life by Wm. Stevens 1726. . 1800 
 15 
 
22 G A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONxYRY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Jong, Ludolph de. Dutch Painter 1616. . 1697 
 
 Jonin, Gilbert. French Jesuit and Poet 1596. . 1638 
 
 Jonsius, John. {De Scriptoribus Hisloricp, PhilosophiiB) . . . 1624. .1659 
 Jonson, Ben. Poet. L. by Gifford; Barry Cornwall, 1838 1574. . 1637 
 
 Jonsson, Finnur. {Historia Ecclesiastica Islandice) 1704- -^7^9 
 
 Jonston, Arthur. Scottish Latin Poet 1587 . . 1641 
 
 Jonston, John. Polish Writer. ( Nat. Hist, of Animals) . . 1603 . . 1675 
 Jordaens, Jacob. Flemish Hist, and Portrait Painter . . . 1594. .1678 
 Jordan, Camille. French Religious and Political Writer 1771. .1821 
 Jordan, Chas. Stephen. Prus. Writer. {Literary Travels) 1700.. 1745 
 
 Jordan, Mrs. Dorothea. Dorothy Bland. Actress 1762?. 1816 
 
 Jordan, John Christopher. Chronologist and Antiquary — . . 1740 
 
 Jordano, Luca. Neapolitan Painter 1632. .1705 
 
 Jordano Bruno. >See Bruno 1550.. 1600 
 
 Jorden, Edward, m. d. Medical Writer. . .' 1569. . 1632 
 
 Jorgenson, Jorgen. Danish Adventurer. Eng. Writer . 1779 . aft.1825 
 
 Jornandes, or Jordanes. Gothic Historian 6th c. 
 
 Jortin, John, d. d. Life by Dr. J. Disney, 1792 1698. . 1770 
 
 Joseph. Jewish Patriarch \ 1745 • ^635 B.C. 
 
 Joseph. I. Emperor of Germany (1705-11) 1678. .1711 
 
 Joseph II. ( 1765-90.) Life by L. A. de Caracciolii 1790 ; 
 
 C. Paganel, 1843 1741 • • 1790 
 
 Joseph Emanuel. King of Portugal (1750-77) 1714- • i777 
 
 Joseph Meir. French Rabbi. Historical Writer 1496. .1554 
 
 Joseph of Exeter. Latin Poet. {Antiocheis) ti. Rd. I. & John 
 
 Joseph of Paris. Francis Leclerc du Tremblay i577- • 1638 
 
 Josephine. Empress of France, first wife of Napoleon. 
 
 Life by Bornschein, 1803 ; Regnault-Warin, 1819 ; M. 
 
 A. Le Normand, 1820; Ducrest, 1830; AvrUlon, 1831; 
 
 Garriga y Baucis, 1836 ; Dibelius, 1845 1763. . 1814 
 
 Josephus, Flavins. Jewish Historian. Life bv Tilmann. 
 
 1548; J. TF. Eckhard, 1785 '. .' 38?. 100? 
 
 Joshua. Leader of Israelites ; Successor of Moses, .ab.i 537-1427 b.c. 
 
 Josiah. King of Judah (b. c. 641-610.) 648.610 b.c. 
 
 Jdsika. Micklos, Baron. Hung. Politician and Novelist 1796. .1865 
 Josquin Desprez. Jodocus Pratensis. Mus. Composer. . 1450-'. — 
 
 Jost, Isaac Mark. Jewish Scholar of German^'- i793- -1862 
 
 Jotham. King of Judah (b. c. 758-742) 783 . 742 b.c. 
 
 Joubert, Bartholomew Catherine. Fr. Republican Gen. . . 1 769 . . 1 799 
 
 Joubert, Francis, of Montpellier. Jansenist Divine 1689. .1763 
 
 Joubert, Lawrence. French Medical Writer 1529. .1583 
 
 JoufiRpoy, Claude Francis Dorothea, Marquis de. Steam 
 
 Mechanician I75i''.i832 
 
 Jouffroy, John de. Joffredus. Cardinal 1412. . 1473 
 
 Jouffroy, Theodore Simon. French Philosophical Writer 1796. .1842 
 Jourdain, Am able Louis Mary Michael Br^chillet. 
 
 French Orientalist 1788. . 1818 
 
 Jourdan, John Baptist, Count. Marshal of France 1762. .1833 
 
 Journet, Frances. French Actress — . .1722 
 
 Jousse, Daniel. French Lawyer 1704- .1781 
 
 Jouvenci, Joseph' de. Jesuit. French Writer 1643. .1719 
 
 Jouvenet, John. French Painter 1644. .1717 
 
 Jouy, Victor Joseph Stephen de. French Writer 1674?. 1846 
 
 JoveUanos, Gaspar Melchior de. Span. Writer and Polit. 1749. . 181 1 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 227 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Jovian. Emperor (363-64). Life by Schenkel, 1617 ; La 
 
 Bletterie, 1748 332. . 364 
 
 Jovinian, of Milan. Monk and Writer — aft. 412 
 
 Jovius, or Giovio, Paul. Italian Historian 1483 . .1552 
 
 Jowett, Rev. Wm. Missionary. {Christian Researches) 1787'- .iSi^^ 
 
 Joy, Henry. Irish Judge 1767 . . 1838 
 
 Joy, Joye, or Gee, John. Reformer 1492?. 1553 
 
 Joyce, Jeremiah. Compiler. ( Scientific Dialogues) 1764.. 1816 
 
 Joyeuse, Anne, Duke de. Admiral of" France 1561 . .1587 
 
 Joyeuse, Francis de. Cardinal, Statesman. Life by Au- 
 
 bery, 1654 1562. .1615 
 
 Joyner, William, or Lyde. Writer 1622. .1706 
 
 Juan. King of Aragon. See John. 
 
 Juan y Santicilia, George. Sp. Math, and Naval Officer 1712. .1774 
 
 Juana. Queen of Spain, wife of Archduke Philip i479- -1555 
 
 Juanes, John Baptist. Spanish Painter ; 1523. . 1579 
 
 Juba I. King of Numidia ; defeated at Thapsus — B.C. 46 
 
 Juba II., son. King of Mauritania & Numidia. Writer — a.d. 19? 
 
 Juda, Leo. German Protestant Reformer 1482. . 1542 
 
 Judah Chiug. Jewish Rabbi. Phys. and Grammarian fl. 1040 
 
 Judah Hakkadosh. Compiler of the Mishna 123. . 190 
 
 Judas Levita, or Ha-Levi. Rabbi. Poet, Gram., Philos. 1080?. 1 140 
 
 Judas Maccabseus. Jewish Patriot (b. c. 166-160) — b.c. 160 
 
 Judd, Sylvester. American Clergyman and Author 1813. .1853 
 
 Jude, St. Thaddeus or Lebbeus. Apostle ist c. 
 
 Judson, Adoniram, d. d. American Missionarv to Bur- 
 mah. Life by Mrs. H. C. Conant, 1856; Clements; 
 
 Gillette; Wayland 1788. .1850 
 
 Judson, Mrs. Anne Hasseltine, wife. {Hist. Burm. Miss.) 1789. . 1826 
 Judson, Sarah Hall, (Mrs. Boardman,) second wife. Life 
 
 by Mrs. E. C. Judson, 1850 ,. 1803. .1845 
 
 Judson, Mrs. Emily Chubbuck, third wife. Fanny For- 
 ester. {Life of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson^ 1850; Alder- 
 
 brooJc) 1817..1854 
 
 Juel, Nicholas. Danish Admiral 1629. . 1697 
 
 Juglaris, Louis. Italian Jesuit and Panegyrist 1607. . 1653 
 
 Jugurtha. King of Numidia — B.C. 104 
 
 Juign6 Broissinidre, Seig. de Moli^re. {Dictionnaire) fl. 1647 
 
 Julia. Daughter of Caesar, wife of Pompey 83? . 54 b.c. 
 
 Julia. Daughter of Augustus, wife of Marcellus, Agrippa, 
 
 Tiberius B.C. 39?. A.D. 14 
 
 Julia, daughter. Wife of iEmilius Paulus — . . 28 
 
 Julia. Daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina 18. aft. 41 
 
 Julia. Daughter of Drusus & Livia, niece of Germanicus — . . 59 
 
 Julia Domna. Wife of Septimius Severus 158?. 21 7 
 
 Julian. Emp. (361-63). Apostate. L.by Neander; Thos. 
 Long; La Bletterie, 1735, translated bv Anna Williams, 
 1746; Desvoeux, 1746; Joudot, 1817; Koerner, 1830.. 331. . 363 
 Julian, St. Archbp. of Toledo. Writer against the Jews — . . 690 
 Julien, Peter. French Sculptor. {Dying Gladiator) .... 1731 . . 1804 
 
 Julien, Simon. Swiss Painter 1736. .1799 
 
 Julius I. Pope (337-52). Saint —..352 
 
 Julius II. (1503-13.) Julian della Rovere 1441 . . 1513 
 
 JuUus HI. (1550-55.) John Maria del Monte 1487. . 1555 
 
228 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Jullien, Camille. Musician 1812. . i860 
 
 JuUien, Louis George. Fr. Comp. and Director of Music 1812. .i860 
 
 Juncker, Christian. German Medalist and Writer 1663. .1714 
 
 Juncker, Theodore John. German Medical Writer 1680. .1759 
 
 Junetin, or Giuntini, Francis, of Florence. Mathem. ... 1522.. 1590 
 Jung-Stilling. (John Henry Jung.) Ger. Mystic Author 1740 . . 1817 
 Junge, or Jungius, Joachim, of Hamburg. Philosopher. 
 
 {Isagoge Fhytoscopica) 1587. . 1657 
 
 Jungermann, Louis. German Botanist and Naturalist. . 1572.. 1653 
 Jungmann, Jos. Jacob, Bohemian Lexicog. and Bibliog. 1773. . 1847 
 
 Junius, Adrian. Dutch Physician and Scholar 1512. .1575 
 
 Junius, or Du Jon, Francis. French Protestant. Trans- 
 lator of the Bible into Latin 1545 . . 1602 
 
 Junius, Francis, son. Saxonist in Eng. L. by Graevius 1589. .1677 
 Junot, Andoche, Duke of Abrantes. Marshal of France 1771..1813 
 
 Junta, Philip. Printer at Geneva 1450. .1519 
 
 Junta, Thomas. Venetian Phys. {Battlesqf the Ancients) fl. 1554 
 
 Juret, Francis. French Critic and Poet i553- • 1626 
 
 Jurieu, Peter. French Protestant Polemical Divine 1637. .1713 
 
 Jurin, James. Physician and Mathematician 1684. .1750 
 
 Jussieu, Adrian de. Botanist 1797 . . 1853 
 
 Jussieu, Anthony de. Botanist and Physician 1686.. 1758 
 
 Jussieu, Anthony Lawrence de. {Genera Plantarum) . . . 1748. .1836 
 Jussieu, Bernard de. Botanist and Physician. {Plants in 
 
 Environs of Paris) ' 1699 . . i Tjj 
 
 Jussieu, Joseph de. Naturalist, Phys., Engin., Traveler 1704. .1779 
 
 Just, John. Philologist and Natural Philosopher 1797?. 1852 
 
 Justel, Christopher. Eccles. Antiquary and Canonist 1580. . 1649 
 
 Justel, Henry, ll. d., son. Royal Librarian in England 1620. .1693 
 Justi, John Henry Theophilus. German Mineralogist. . . 1705?. 1771 
 
 Justin. Latin Historian not aft.5th c. 
 
 Justin I. Emperor of East (518-27) 45° • • 527 
 
 Justin H. (565-74) — . . 578 
 
 Justin Martyr. Christian Writer 103?. 167? 
 
 Justinian I. (527-65.) Great. Life by Gilles Perrin, 
 1576 ; Corvinus de Beldern, 1618 ; Guinet, 1628 ; Rango, 
 
 1661 ; Ludewig, 1731 ; Invernizzi, 1743 483 . . 565 
 
 Justinian II. (685-711) 669. . 711 
 
 Justiniani, Augustin. Orientalist. (^?ma&o/'(?e7ioa). . 1470. .1536 
 
 Justiniani, Bernard. {History of Venice) 1408. . 1489 
 
 Justiniani, Fabian. {Index Materiarum Biblicarum) . . . 1578. .1627 
 Justiniani, Lawrence. Saint. Patriarch of Venice. De- 
 votional Writer. Life by B. Justiniani 1380. . 1465 
 
 Justus. Archbishop of Canterbury (624-27) — . . J627 
 
 Justus, of Padua. Painter fl. 1367 
 
 Juvara, or Ivara, Philip. Sicilian Architect 1685 . .1735 
 
 Juvenal. Roman Satirist — fl. 83-100 
 
 Juvenal des Ursins. Archbishop of Rheims. Historian 1388 . . 1473 
 Juvencus, Caius Vettius Aquilinus. Christian Latin 
 
 Poet. {HisUyiHa Evanqelica) fl. 332? • 
 
 Jtixon, WiUiam. Archbishop of Canterbury (1660-63) . . 1582. . 1663 
 
k 
 
 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 229 
 
 K. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Eaab. Arabian Poet — . . 662 
 
 Eaas, Nicholas. Danish Statesman 1535 . .1594 
 
 Kabbete, John. Dutch Painter — . . 1660 
 
 Kaempfer, or Kampfer, Engelbrecht. Ger. Bot. and Trav. 165 1 . .1716 
 Kaestner, or Kastner, Abraham Gotthelf. Mathematician 
 
 and Poet. {History of Mathematics) 1719- • 1800 
 
 Kahler, John. German Theologian and Philosopher .... 1649. .1727 
 
 Kain, Henry Louis le. French Actor 1728. .1778 
 
 Kalb, John, Baron de. German General in America 1732?. 1780 
 
 Kaldi, George. Hung. Jesuit. Preacher & Transl. of Bible 1572. . 1634 
 
 Kale, or Kalf, William. Dutch Painter 1630. . 1693 
 
 Kalgreen, or Kellgren, John Henry. Swedish Poet 1751 . .1795 
 
 Kalidasa. Indian Poet. (Sakontala) fl. ab. ist c. b.c. 
 
 Kalide. German Sculptor. {Boy with Swan) — . . 1863 
 
 Kalkbrenner, Christian F. Prussian Pianist and Comp. 1755. .1806 
 Kalm, Peter. Swedish Traveler and Natural Philosopher 171 5. .1779 
 
 Kalraat, Bernard van, of Dort. Painter 1650. .1721 
 
 Kalubko, Vincent. Polish Historian — . . 1223 
 
 Kamehamelia III. King of the Sandwich Islands 1817. .1854 
 
 Karnes, Henry Home, Lord. Scottish Judge and Writer. 
 
 Life by Lord Woodhouselee, 1807 1696. ,1782 
 
 Kampen, Jacob van. Dutch Painter 1658. . — 
 
 Kampen, Nicholas Godirey van. Dutch Historian 1776. .1839 
 
 Kampfer, Engelbrecht. /See Kaempfer 165 1 . .1716 
 
 Kandler, John Joachim. Modeler in Porcelain 1706. .1776 
 
 Kane, Dr. Elisha Kent. American Arctic Explorer. Life 
 
 by Smucker ; Dr. Elder, 1857 1820. . 1857 
 
 Kanold, John. German Writer 1679?. 1729 
 
 Kant, Immanuel. Philosopher. Life by Borowski, 1804; 
 Jachmann, 1804; Wasianski, 1804; Wald, 1804; Bou- 
 terwek, 1804; Rinck, 1805 ; Schubert, 1842; Saintes, 1844 1724. .1804 
 Kantemir, A. D., Prince. Puss. Diplomatist and Writer 1708. .1774 
 
 Karamsin, Nicholas Michaelovitch. Russian Writer 1765 . . 1826 
 
 Karnkowsky, Stanislaus. Polish Writer and Statesman 1525. .1603 
 
 Karpinsky, Francis. Polish Poet 1760?. 1823 
 
 Kastner, Abraham Gotthelf. See Kaestner i7i9-- 1800 
 
 Kastner, Charles William Gottlob. German Naturalist 1783. .1857 
 
 Kater, Captain Henry. Mathematician i777 • • 1835 
 
 Katona, Stephen. {History of Hungary) 1732. . 1811 
 
 Kaufftnann, Maria Anna Angelica. Swiss Painter 1741 • • 1807 
 
 Kaunitz, Wenzel Anthony, Prince of. Austrian Statesman 1711 . .1794 
 
 Kay, William. Poet and Historical Painter 1520. .1568 
 
 Kaye, or Caius, John. Founder of Caius College 1510..1573 
 
 Kaye, John. Bishop of Lincoln 1783. .1853 
 
 Kazinczy, Francis. Hungarian Writer I759- • 1831 
 
 Keach, Benj. Bapt. Writer. ( Trav. of True Godliness) 1640. . 1704 
 
 Kean, Edmund. Tragedian. Life by Procter, 1835 1787?. 1833 
 
 Keane, John, Lord. General ; Capturer of Ghuznee 1781 . . 1844 
 
 Kearny, Philip. American General 181 5 . . 1862 
 
 Keamy, Stephen Watts. American General i794> • 1848 
 
230 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Keate, George. Poet and Miscellaneous "Writer 1729?. 1797 
 
 Keating, GeofFrey. Irish Historical Writer — . . 1625? 
 
 Keats, John. Poet. {Endymion.) Life by M. Milnes, 1845 1796. .1821 
 
 Keble, Joseph. Writer oil Law 1632. .1710 
 
 Keckerman, Bartholomew, of Dantzic. Teacher & Writer 1573 . . 1609 
 
 Keilhau, Balthazar Mathias. Norwegian Geologist i797- • 1858 
 
 Keill, James, m. d. Physician 1673. .1719? 
 
 Keill, John, m. d., brother. Mathematician & Nat. Philos. 1671 . .1721 
 
 Keim, Francis Xavier. German Architect 1769. .1864 
 
 Keiser, Reinhard. Mus. Comp., Poet. Writ., Hist. Writer 1673. .1739 
 Keith, Geo., 5th E. Marischal. Founder of Marischal Coll. — ..1623 
 Keith, George, Tenth Earl Marischal. Scottish Jacobite, 
 
 Prussian Diplomatist 1693. .1778 
 
 Keith, George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount. Admiral. . . 1746. .1823 
 Keith, James. Scottish Jacobite and Prussian General. . 1696. .1758 
 Keith," Sir Robert Murray. Life by Mrs. G. Smyth, 1849 — ..1795 
 Keith, Thomas. Mathematician. ( Use of the Globesjm. . . 1759. .1824 
 Keller, James. German Statesman. {Mysteria PoUtica) 1568..1631 
 
 Keller, John Balthasar. Swiss Founder in Brass 1638. .1702 
 
 Kellermann, Francis Christopher, Duke of Valmy. Mar- 
 shal of France. Life by Botidoux, 1817 1735 . . 1820 
 
 Kellermann, Francis Stephen, son. General. (Memoires) 1770.. 1835 
 Kelley, or Talbot, Edward. Necromancer and Alchemist ; 
 
 Friend of Dee ^555- -1595 
 
 Kellgren, John Henry. Swedish Poet 1 75 1 . . 1 795 
 
 Kellison, Matthew. Rom. Catholic Controversial Divine 1560'. 1641 
 
 Kelly, Hugh. Irish Dramatic Poet i739- -^777 
 
 Kelly, Rev. John, ll. d. Celtic Scholar i7S°- • ^^09 
 
 Kelly, Michael. Musical Composer 1 762 .. 1825 
 
 Kelly, Thomas. Roman Catholic Primate of all Ireland — ••1835 
 
 Kelway, Joseph. Organist in London — . .1782 
 
 Kemble, Charles, brother of John Philip. Actor 1775 . . 1854 
 
 Kemble, George Stephen, brother. Actor 1758. . 1822 
 
 Kemble, John Mitchell, son of Charles. Saxonist 1807. . 1857 
 
 Kemble, John Philip. Actor. Life by J. Boaden, 1825. 1757. .1823 
 
 Kemble, Mrs. Priscilla, wife. Actress 1755?. 1845 
 
 Kemp, George Mickle. Scottish Architect i794- • 1844 
 
 Kemp, James, d, d. Bp. of Prot. Episc. Ch. in Maryland 1764. .1827 
 Kemp, John, Cardinal Archbp. of Canterbury. Ld. Chanc. 1380. . 1454 
 
 Kemp, Joseph. Musical Composer 1778. . 1824 
 
 Kempelen, Wolfgang, Baron. Hung. Mechan. and Writer 1 734 . . 1804 
 
 Kemper, Reuben. American Soldier — . . 1826 
 
 Kempis, Thomas a. Life by Brewer, 1676 ; Zuniga, 1762 ; 
 
 Cesarini, 1835; Chas. Butler; Baehring, 1849 1380?. 1471 
 
 Ken, Thomas. Bp. of Bath & Wells. L. bv W. Hawkins, 
 
 1713; Canon W. L. Bowles, 1830; A Layman, 1854. . 1637. .1711 
 
 Kendal, George. Ejected Nonconformist Divine — . -1663 
 
 Kendrick, Nath., d. d. Amer. Divine. L. by S. W. Adams 1777. . 1848 
 Kenmure, Wm. Gordon, Visct. Scottish Jacobite; beh.. 1643.. 1716 
 
 Kennaway, Sir John. Officer and Diplomatist 1758. • 1836 
 
 Kennedy, Miss Grace. Writer. {Father Clement) 1782. . 1825 
 
 Kennedy, James. Bishop of St. Andrew's. Statesman . 1405 . . 1466 
 Kennedy, John, M. D. Scottish Medalist and Collector. . — ..1760 
 Kennedy, Rev. John. Mathem. {Scripture Chronology) 1700^1770' 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 231 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Kennedy, William. Antiauary. {Annals of Aberdeen). 17 z,g. .iS^S 
 Kennet, Basil, D.D. Class. & Theol. Writ. (Moman Antiq.) 1674. .171^ 
 Kennet, White. Bp. of Peterb. Hist. Life by Newton 1660. .1728 
 
 Kenneth I. King of Scotland (604-5) — . . 605 
 
 Kenneth II. (823-54) — . . 854 
 
 Kenneth III. (969-94) — . . 994 
 
 Kenney, James. Dramatist 1770"' 1849 
 
 Kennieott, Benjamin, d. d. Biblical Critic 1718. .1783 
 
 Kenrick, Francis Patrick, d.d. Amer. Rom. Cath. Abp. 1797. .1863 
 
 Kenrick, William. Miscellaneous Writer 1720?. 1779 
 
 Kent, Edw. Aug., Dk. of; son of Geo. III. L. by Neale, 1850 1767 . . 1820 
 
 Kent, James. Musical Composer 1 700 . . 1 776 
 
 Kent, James. Amer. Jurist. ( Comment, on Amer. Law) 1763. .1847 
 
 Kent, John de. Schoolman fl. 1248 
 
 Kent, Marie Louise Victoria, Duchess of. 1786. . 1861 
 
 Kent, Wm. Paint., Architect, Sculpt., Landsc. Gardener 1684. .1748 
 
 Kenton, Simop. American Pioneer i755 • • 1836 
 
 Kenyon, Johni English Poet 1783' . 1856 
 
 Kenyon, Lloyd, Lord. Judge. Life by Lord Campbell 1733. .1802 
 Kepler, John. Astronomer. Life by Breitschwert, 1831 ; 
 
 Sir David Brewster, 1841 ; Reuschle, 1841 1571 . . 1630 
 
 Keppel, Augustus, Yisct. Admiral. L. by T. Keppel, 1842 1 725 . . 1 786 
 
 Ker, John, of Kersland. Scottish Philologist fl. 1726 
 
 Keratry, Auguste Hilarion de. Fr. Author & Statesman 1769. .1859 
 
 Kerckchove, Joseph van den, of Bruges. Painter 1669. .1724 
 
 Kerckherdere, John Gerard. Dutch Historian & Theol. 1678?. 1738 
 
 Kerckring, Theodore. Dutch Physician — . . 1693 
 
 Kergu^len Tr6marec, Yves Joseph de. Fr. Navigator 1745. .1797 
 Kerhallet, Chas. Philip de. Fr. Hydrograph. & Meteorol. 1809. . 1863 
 Keri, Francis Borgia. Hung. Historian and Astronomer — ..1769 
 
 Keroual, Louisa Penhoet, Duchess of Portsmouth 1652? 1734 
 
 Kerr, Robt. Historian. { Coilection of Voyayes and Trav.) 1750?. 1814 
 Kersaint, Armand Guy Simon, Ct. of. French Politician i74i?.i793 
 Kersey, John, Math, and Philol. {Elements of Algebra) i6i6?.i69o? 
 KerviUars, John Mary de. Fr. Jesuit. Transl. of Ovid 1668. .1745 
 
 Kessel, John van. Dutch Painter 1626. .1708 
 
 Ketel, Cornelius. Dutch Painter 1548 . . 1602 
 
 Kett, Rev. Henry. Divine 1761 . .1825 
 
 Kett, William, of Norfolk. Rebel Leader — . .1549 
 
 KettleweU, John. Nonj. L. by Hickes and Nelson, 1718 1653. .1695 
 
 Keulen, Janssen van. Dutch Portrait Painter — . . 1665 
 
 Keulen, Ludolph van. Dutch Geometer — . . 1610 
 
 Key, Francis Scott. American Lawyer and Song Writer. 
 
 ( Slar-Spnngled Banner) ." I779 • • 1843 
 
 Keysler, John George, f. r. s. Ger. Traveler and Antiq. 1683. .1743 
 
 Khaled. Moslem General 582. . 642? 
 
 Khalekan. Arabian Biographer. {Deaths of lUust. Men) 1230?. 1303? 
 
 Khemnitzer, Ivan Ivanovitch. Russian Fabulist i744- -1784 
 
 Kheraskoff, Michael. Russian Poet. {Rossiad).. i733- • 1^07 
 
 Khilkof, Andrew Jacob. Prince. Russ. Statesm. and Hist. — ..1718 
 
 Khosru I., or Chosroes. King of Persia (531-79) — • • 579 
 
 Khosru II. (590-628) , — . . 628 
 
 Kick, Cornelius, of Amsterdam. Painter 1635 . . 1675 
 
 Kidd, Dr. John. Prof, of Chem. {Bridgewaier Treatise) 1775. .1851 
 
232 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Eidd, William. American Pirate — . . 1701 
 
 Kidder, Richard. Bishop of Bath and Wells 1635-'. 1703 
 
 Kien Long, or Khihan Loung. Emp. of China (1735-96) 171 1 . .1799 
 Kierings, Alexander, of Utrecht. Landscape Painter . . . 1590. .1646 
 
 Kiesewetter, Christopher Godfrey. Violinist 1777. . 1827 
 
 Kiffln, William. Life by Orme, 1822 1616..1701 
 
 Kilbourne, James. American Pioneer 1770 • • 1850 
 
 Kilburne, Richard. ( Topographie of Kent) 1606? . 1678 
 
 Kilbye, Rd., of Derby. (Burthen of a Loaden Conscience) — ..161 7 
 Kilbye, Rd. Rector of Lincoln Coll. Translator of Bible — ..1620 
 Kilham, Alex. Founder of New Methodist Connection — ..1798 
 
 Kilian, Bartholomew. Engraver 1630. . 1696 
 
 Kilifcn, Luke, of Augsburg. Engraver i579- • 1637 
 
 Kilian, Philip Andrew. Engraver 1714. -1759 
 
 Kilian, WoltFgang. Engraver 1 581 . . 1662 
 
 Killigrew, Ann. Maid of Honor. Painter and Poet ... 1660. .1685 
 
 Killigrew, Catherine. Scholar and Poet 1530?. 1600'' 
 
 Killigrew, Henry. Prebendar}'. Royalist, Dramatist .. 16 12. .1690? 
 KiUigrew, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle. Writer .... 1624?. 1674 
 Killigrew, Thomas. King Charleses Jester. Dramatist ..1611.. 1682 
 
 Killigrew, Sir William. Royalist and Writer 1605''. 1693 
 
 Kilnaarnoek, Wm. Boyd, 4th E. of. Scot. Jacobite; beh. 1702. .1746 
 
 Kllvert, Rev. Francis. ' English Scholar and Author 1793. •1863 
 
 Kilwarden, Arthur Wolfe, Lord. Irish Chief Justice — . . 1803 
 
 Kimber, Edw. Peerage Compiler. (Hist. Eng. 10 vols.) — ..1769 
 Kimber, Isaac. Dissent. Minister. (Hist. Eng. 4 vols.) 1692. .1758 
 Kiinchi, or Kimhi, David. Rabbi. Biblical Commentator — ..1240 
 
 Kinaston, Sir Francis. Scholar 1587 . . 1642? 
 
 King, Charles. Composer of Church Services — • -1745 
 
 King, Daniel. ( The Vale Royal of England) fl. 1660 
 
 King, Edward. Poet; Subject of Milton's Lycidas 1610. .1637 
 
 King, Edward. Antiquary. ( Munimenta Antiqua) 1736. . 1807 
 
 King, Gregory. Heraldic and Commercial Writer 1648. . 1712 
 
 King, Henry. Bishop of Chichester. Poet and Writer. . 1591 . .1669 
 
 King, John. Bishop of London. Preacher 1559?. 1621 
 
 King, John. Public Orator of Oxford — . . 1639 
 
 King, John, d. d., of Chelsea. Controversial Divine. ( To- 
 
 lando Pseiidologo-Mastix) 1652. .1732 
 
 King, John Glen, d. d. Writer and Antiquary 1735 . .1787 
 
 King, Peter, First Lord. Lord Chancellor and Theologian 1669. . 1734 
 
 King, Peter, Seventh Lord. Biographer of Locke i775- •'^^33 
 
 King, Philip Barker. Admiral i793 • • 1855 
 
 King, Rufus. American Statesman and Diplomatist .... 1755. .1827 
 
 King, Thomas. Actor and Dramatic Writer '^730. . 1805 
 
 King, Thomas Starr. American Clergyman and Writer 1824. .1864 
 King, William, ll,. d Mythol., Poet., and Polit. Writer. 1663. . 1712 
 King, Wm. Abp. of Dublin. Metaphys. ( De Orig. Alali) i6i,o. .iy2g 
 King, William, Lt^. d., of Oxford. (Anecdotes of his own 
 
 Times. ) Life bv Nichols, 1770 1685 . . 1 763 
 
 King, Wm. Rufus." Statesman. Vice-President of U. S. 1786. .1853 
 Kingsborough, Edward King, Visct. (Antiq. of Mexico) 1795.. 1837 
 
 Kingsley, James Luce, ll. d. American Scholar 1778. .1852 
 
 KingsmiU, Andrew. Puritan Divine 1538. • i '169 
 
 Kingston, Eliz. Chudleigh, Duchess of. Life, Lond. 1789 1720. .1788 
 
 i 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 233 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Kippingius, Henry. German Scholar 1623? . 1678 
 
 Eippis, Andrew. Editor of Biographia Bntannica 1725 . .1795 
 
 Kirby, John Joshua. Artist 1716. .1774 
 
 Kirby, Rev. Wm. Entomologist. Life by Freeman, 1852 1759 . . 1850 
 Kirch, Christian Frederick, son of Godfrey. Astronomer, 1694.. 1740 
 
 Kirch, Godfrey. German Astronomer 1639 . . 1 7 10 
 
 Kirch, Mary Margaret, wife. Astronomer 1670 . .1720 
 
 Kircher, Athanasius. Mathem. { Mundus Std)terranem) 1602 .. 16S0 
 Kircher, Conrad. {Concordantia Veteris Testamenti) . . , . — aft.1622? 
 Kirchmann, John. Antiq. (De Funeribus Romanorum) 1575. .1643 
 
 Kirchmann. Russian Electrician — . .1753 
 
 Kirchraayer, Geo. Caspar. Ger. Classical Commentator 1635 . . 1700 
 
 Kirckman, John. Harpischord Maker — . .1778 
 
 Kirkaldy, Sir William, of Grange. Soldier. Life by J. 
 
 Grant, 1841 '. . . . — ..1573 
 
 Kirke, Percy. Colonel of Kirhe's Lambs ti. Jas. II. & Wm. III. 
 
 Kirke "White, Henry. See White 1785 . .1806 
 
 Kirkland, Caroline Matilda, nee Stanburj'-. American 
 
 Authoress , 1801 . . 1864 
 
 Blirkland, John Thornton, d. d. American Clergyman 
 
 and Scholar; President of Harvard College '..... 1770. .1840 
 
 Kirkland, Thos., m.d., of Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Med. Writ. 1721 . . 1798 
 
 Kirkpatrick, W^illiam James. Orientalist 1760. . 1812 
 
 Kirkton, Rev. James. ( Church History of Scotland). ... — . . 1699 
 Kirnberger, John Philip. German Musical Composer . . 1721 . .1783 
 
 Kirstenius, George, of Stettin. Medical Writer 1613. .1660 
 
 Kirstenius, Peter. Swedish Orientalist i577 • • 1640 
 
 Kirwan, Richard, ll. d. Scientific Writer 1750'. 1812 
 
 Kirwan, Walter Blake. Dean. Irish Divine & Preacher 1754?. 1805 
 
 Kisfaludy, Alexander. Hungarian Poet 1772 . . 1844 
 
 Kisfaludy, Charles, brother. Hungarian Dramatic Poet. 1788.. 1830 
 
 Kiss, Augustus. German Sculptor 1802. .1865 
 
 Kissel, John van. Dutch Painter 1626. .1708 
 
 Kitchiner, William, m. d.- Miscellaneous Writer 1775?. 1827 
 
 Kitto, John, d. d. Biblical Writer. Life by Ryland, 1856 1804. . 1854 
 
 Klaproth, Henry Jules. Orientalist ' 1783. .1835 
 
 Klaproth, Martin Henry. Chemist and Mineralogist i743- • ^^^7 
 
 K16ber, John Baptist. French General. Life by Hdri- 
 
 court, 1800; Cousin d'Avallon, 1801 i754'- 1800 
 
 Klein, James Theodore. German Naturalist 1685 . .1759 
 
 Kleist, Ewald Christian von. Prussian Officer and Poet. 
 
 (Spring) 1715 . . 1759 
 
 Kleist, Henry von. German Dramatic Writer 1776. . 181 1 
 
 Kleist von ISToUendorf, Emilius Frederick, Count. Prus- 
 sian General 1762. .1823 
 
 Klenze, Leo von, of Munich. Architect 1784 . .1864 
 
 Klicpera, Wenceslaus. Bohemian Dramatist 1792?. 1859 
 
 Klingemann, Ern. Aug. Fred., of Brunswick. Dramatist 1777. . 1831 
 
 Klingenstierna, Samuel. Swedish Mathematician 1689. .1785 
 
 Klinger, Fred. Maximilian von. Russ. Officer and Writer 1753^. 1831 
 Klingstadt, Chas. Gustavus. Russian Miniature Painter 1657. .1734 
 
 BUocker, David. Historical Painter at Stockholm 1629. . 1698 
 
 Klopstock, Frederick Theophilus. German Poet. Life 
 
 by Elizabeth Smith, 1811 ; Doering, 1825; Gruber, 1832 1724. . 1803 
 
.234 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Slose, F. J., of London. Musical Composer — . . 1830 
 
 Klotz, Christian Adolphus. Critic, Lat. Poet, Numismatist 1738. .1771 
 
 Kluit, Adrian. Dutch Historian 1735 . . 1807 
 
 Kmety, Geo. Ismail Pacha. Hung. General in Turkey 1813. .1865 
 
 Knapp, George Christian. German Theologian i753- • 1S25 
 
 Knapp, Samuel Lorenzo. American Author 17^4. . 1838 
 
 Knapton, George. Portrait Painter in Crayons 1698. .1788 
 
 Kneller, Sir Godfrey. Painter 1648-'' . 1 723 
 
 Kniaziewicz, Charles. Polish General 1762. . 1842 
 
 Kniaznin, Francis Dionysius. Polish Poet 1750. . 1807 
 
 Knibb, William. Baptist Missionary in Jamaica 1800'. 1845 
 
 Knight, Edward. Comic Actor i774- • 1826 
 
 Knight, Gowin, m. d. Natural Philosopher — . • 1772 
 
 Knight, Henry Gaily, m. p. Traveler and Antiquary 1 786 .. 1846 
 
 Knight, Richard Payne. Writer on Art 1750. . 1824 
 
 Knight, Samuel, D. i). Divine and Biographer 1674. • ^74^ 
 
 Knight, Thomas Andrew. Vegetable Physiologist 1758. . 1838 
 
 Knight, William H. Artist 1823''. 1863 
 
 Knighton, Henry, of Leicester. ( Chron. of English Hist.) fl. ti. Rd. II. 
 Knighton, Sir William, Bart., m. d. Phys. and Courtier 1775''. 1836 
 
 Knipperdolling, Bernard. Anabaptist — . . 1536 
 
 Knoller, Martin von. Gennan Painter 1725 . . 1804 
 
 Knolles, Richard. Grammarian. {Bistai-y of Turks) ... 1^40^1610 
 Knolles, Sir Robert. English Commander in France. . . . 131 7. . 1407 
 KnoUis, or Knowles, Sir Francis. Statesman and Writer 1530?. 1596 
 Knorr, George Wolfgang. Ger. Engraver and Naturalist 1705 . . 1761 
 Knorr von Rosenroth, Christian. German Orientalist. 
 
 {Kabbala Denudata) 1636. . 1689 
 
 Knott, Edward. Matthias Wilson. Jesuit Writer 1580. .1656 
 
 Knowler, William. Divine; Translator of Chrysostora. . 1699'. 1767 
 i^nowles, James Davis. Amer. Clergyman and Author. . 1798. .1838 
 
 Knowles, James Sheridan. Dramatist and Writer 1784. . 1862 
 
 Knowles, Rev. Thomas. Divine and Classical Scholar. . 1723. .1802 
 
 Knowlton, Tliomas. English Botanist 1692. .1782 
 
 Knox, Henry. American General and Statesman 1750. .1806 
 
 Knox, John. Scottish Reformer. Life by McCrie, 1812; 
 
 T. Brandes, 18G3 1505.. 1572 
 
 Knox, John. Bookseller and Projector. (Systematic View 
 
 of Scotland) 1720. .1791 
 
 Knox, Vicesimus, d. d. Theological Writer 1752. . 1821 
 
 Knox, William. Poet — . .1825 
 
 Knupfer, Nicholas. German Painter 1603, . 1660 
 
 Knutzen, Martin. Prussian Philosopher. {Defense of 
 
 the Christian Religion) 1 713 . . 1 75 1 
 
 Knutzen, Matthias. German Atheist fl. 1674 
 
 Knyghton, Henry, of Leicester. ( Chron. of English Hist.) fl. ti. Rd. II. 
 Knyphausen, Baron. Lieutenant-General in British Ser- 
 vice in American Revolutionary War 1730?. 1789 
 
 Kobell, Ferdinand. German Painter and Etcher 1740. .1799 
 
 Kobell, Francis, brother. Artist i749- • 1822 
 
 Koch, Christopher Wm. Genealogist, Canoni.st, Hist... 1737.. 1813 
 Koch, JosephJVnthony. German Landscape Painter. . . . 1768. .1839 
 
 Kochanowski, John. Polish Poet 1532. .1584 
 
 Koeberger, Wenceslaus, of Antwerp. Painter i554- • i<^34 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 235. 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Koehler, John David. German Writer 1684. .1755 
 
 Koekkoek, Bernard Cornelius. Dutch Landscape Painter 1803 . . 1858 
 
 Koelesey, Francis. Hungarian Poet, Critic, Orator 1790. .1838 
 
 Koenig, Emanuel. Swiss^ Medical Writer 1658. .1731 
 
 Koenig, Frederick. German Inventor 1775 . . 1833 
 
 Koenig, George Matthias. {Bibliutheca Vetus et Nova) . . . 1616. . 1699 
 Koenig, John Gerard, of Courland. Phys., Bot., Traveler 1728. .1785 
 
 Koenig, Samuel. Mathematician and Philosopher 1712. .1757 
 
 Koenigsmarck. See Kunigsmarck. 
 
 Koerner, Charles Theodore. See Korner 1791 . .1813 
 
 Koerten-Block, Joanna. Dutch Painter, Modeler, and 
 
 Profile Cutter 1650. .1715 
 
 Koets, Roelof, of Zwoll. Portrait Painter 1655 .. 1725 
 
 Kolbe, or Kolben, Peter. Traveler. ( Cape of Good Hope) 1675 • -1720 
 
 Kolcsey, Francis. Hungarian Poet, Critic, Orator 1790- • 1838 
 
 Kollar, John. Hungarian JPoet and Preacher 1793 . . 1852 
 
 Koller, Francis, Baron von. Austrian General 1767. .1826 
 
 Kollmann, Aug. Fred. Chas. Ger. Composer in London 1756. .1824 
 
 Kollontaj, Hugh. Polish Statesman and Author 1750- .1812 
 
 Kolzow, Alexei Vassilievitch. Russian Poet 1809. . 1842 
 
 Konig. See Koenig. 
 
 Konigsmarck, Mary Aurora, Countess of. Mother of 
 
 ■ Marshal Saxe 1668?. 1728 
 
 Konigsmarck, Philip Christopher, Count, brother. Swed- 
 ish Adventurer 1640? . 1694 
 
 Koninck, or Koning, David van. Dutch Painter — . . 1687 
 
 Koninek, or Koning, Philip van. Dutch Painter 1619. .1689 
 
 Koornhert, Theodore. Dutch Advocate for Toleration. . 1522. .1590 
 
 Kopp, John Adam. German Publicist 1698 . .1748 
 
 Koray, Adamantius. Greek Patriot and Writer 1748. -1833 
 
 Korner, or Koerner, Charles Theodore. Poet. Life by 
 his father, translated by G. F. Richardson ; Lehmann, 
 
 1819 ; Erhard, 1821 1791 . . 1813 
 
 Kortholt, Christian. German Scholar 1633 . . 1694 
 
 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus. Polish GeneraL Life by Julhen, 
 1818; Low, 1820; Favot, 1820; Falkenstem, 1827; 
 
 Chodzko, 1837 ". 1745? 1817 
 
 Kosegarten, Louis Theobul. German Poet and Divine. 1758. .1818 
 
 Koster, Lawrence Janszoon, of Haarlem. Printer ^37°^' — 
 
 Kostrow, Ermilius Ivanovitch. Russian Poet — . .1796 
 
 Kotter, Christopher, of Sprottow. Enthusiast 1585 . . 1647 
 
 Kotzebue, Augustus Frederick Ferd. von. Ger. Writer. . 1 761 . . 1819 
 
 Kotzebue, Otto von, brother. Circumnavigator 1757- • 1846 
 
 Kotzebue, Otto von, son of Augustus. Traveler 1787. . 1846 
 
 Kouck, Peter. Painter at Antwerp 1500'. 1550 
 
 Kovili Khan. Nadir Shah. Persian Warrior 1687. .1747 
 
 Koumas, Constantine Michael. Greek Scholar & Author 1775'. 1836 
 
 Kozak, John Sophronius. Bohemian Medical Writer 1603. . 1685 
 
 Kozeluch, Leopold. Composer for the Harpsichord i753- • 1814 
 
 Kozloff, Ivan Ivanovitch. Russian Poet i774. • 1838 
 
 Kozmian, Cajetan. Polish Poet — . . 1856 
 
 Kraeheninnikow, Stephen. Russian Nat. and Traveler 1713. .1755 
 KrafPt, Adam, of Nuremberg. Sculptor and Architect . . 1435''. 1507 
 Krafft, George Wolfgang. Ger. Mathem. and Philosopher 1701 . .1754 
 
236 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Kraitsir, Charles. Hung. Phys. and Philol. in America.. 1804. . i860 
 Kranach, or Cranach, Luke. Sunder. German Painter 1472. .1553 
 
 Kranach, or Cranach, Luke, son. Painter 1515 ?. 1586 
 
 KrantZj Albert. Historian. Life by Wilkens, 1722 1450''. 1517 
 
 Kranz, or Cranz, David. Moravian Missionary 1723. .1777 
 
 Krasickl, Ignatius. Polish Bishop, Poet, and Writer. . . 1735. .1801 
 Krasinski, Valerian, Count. Polish Protestant Writer . . 1780?. 1855 
 BIraus, Martin. Crusius. Ger. Scholar. {Turco-Grcecia) \<^26. .\6o-j 
 Krause, Charles Christian Frederick. Ger. Philosopher 1781. .1832 
 
 Krause, Francis, of Augsburg. Historical Painter 1706. . 1754 
 
 Krauss, John Baptist. Ger. Theol., Historian, and Critic 1700. .1762 
 Kray de Krajof, Paul, Baron von. Austrian General. . . 1735 . . 1804 
 
 i^jesa. Father. Moravian Scholar 1648. .1715 
 
 Kreutzer, Rodolph. Violinist and Musical Composer. . . 1766. .1831 
 Kromayer, Jerome. German Theologian and Historian. 1610. ,1670 
 Kriidener, or Kruedener, Juliana Wietinghoff, Baroness 
 
 von. Russian Mystic and Novelist 1764. . 1824 
 
 Krug, William Traugott. German Philosopher 1770. . 1842 
 
 Krummacher^Fred. Adolph. Theol. & Poet. ( Parables) 1768 . . 1845 
 Krummacher, Godfrey Dan., br. ( Wanderings of Israel) 1 774 . . 1837 
 Krunitz, John Geo. Ger. Phys. & Nat. Philos. {Encyclop.) 1728. .1796 
 Krusemark, Baron von. Prussian General and Diplom. — . . 1821 
 Krusenstern, Adam John, Chev. de. Russian Navigator 1770. .1846 
 Kryloff, or KrilofF, Ivan Andreevitch. Russian Fabulist. 1768. . 1844 
 Kublai-Khan. Founder of the Mogul Dynasty of China — . . 1294 
 Kiigelgen, or Kuegelgen, Charles Ferdinand von. Ger- 
 man Painter 1772.. 1832 
 
 Kiigelgen, or Kuegelgen, Gerard von, twin - brother. 
 
 Painter. Life by Hasse, 1824 1772. .1820 
 
 Kugler, Francis Theodore. German Art Critic 1808. . 1858 
 
 Kuh, Ephraim Moses. German Poet 1731 . .1790 
 
 Kulilman, Quirinus. Fanatic; burnt in Russia 1651 . . 1689 
 
 Kuhnau, John. German Organist and Musical Composer 1667 . . 1 722 
 
 Kulinius, or Kuhn, Joachim. Philologist 1647. . 1697 
 
 Kuhnoel, Christian Theophilus. German Critic 1768. . 1841 
 
 Kxiick, or Kuyk, John van, of Dort. Painter 1530. . 1572 
 
 Kunckel, John. German Chemist 1630 . . 1 703 
 
 Kunzen, Charles Adolphus. Mus. Performer and Comp. 1720. .1781 
 
 Kupetzky, John. Hungarian Portrait Painter 1666 or 7 . 1740 
 
 Kuster, Ludolph. German Scholar and Critic 1670. . 1716 
 
 Kuttner, Charles Gottlob. German Traveler i755 • • 1805 
 
 KutusofiF, Michael, Prince of. Smolenshoi. Russ. General 1745. .1813 
 
 Kuyk "Wouterszoon, John van. Painter 1530. . 1572 
 
 Kuyp, or Cuyp, Albert. Landscape Painter, 1606. . 1667 
 
 Kuyp, or Cuyp, Jacob Gerritse, of Dort. The Old. 
 
 Dutch Portrait Painter 1575 , . 1650 
 
 Kyd, Thomas. Dramatic Writer fl. ti. Eliz. 
 
 Kydermynster, Richard. Abbot of Winchcombe. Hist. — •■1531 
 
 Kynaston, Sir Francis. Poet 1587. . 1642? 
 
 Kynaston, John, of Brazenose College. Divine 1728. . 1783 
 
 Kyper, Albert. Medical Writer 1605-'. 1655 
 
 Kypke, Geo. David. Orientalist. ( Observationes Sacrce) 1724. .1779 
 Kyrle, John. Man of Boss. Philanthropist 1664.. 1754 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 237 
 
 L. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Xiaar, Peter van. Bamboccio. Dutch Painter i6i3..i673or5 
 
 Iiabadie, John de. French Mystic 1610. . 1674 
 
 Iiabat, John Baptist. French Missionary and Traveler. . 1663. . 1738 
 Labbe, Philip. French Jesuit. (Collection of Councils). . 1607. .1667 
 XiabS, Louise, of Lyons. La Belle Cordiere.' Poetess. . . . 1526. . 1566 
 
 La Beaumelle, Lawrence de. {Letters to Voltaire) 1727. .1773 
 
 La B6doyere, Charles Angelica Francis Huchet, Count 
 
 de. French General; shot 1786. .1815 
 
 Laberius, Decimus. Roman Dramatic Writer — b.c. 44 
 
 La Billardidre, Jas. Julian Houton de. Fr. Trav. &N'at. 1755. .1834 
 
 Lablache, Louis. Italian Singer T794. . 1858 
 
 La Boetie, Stephen de. Fr. Republican. [Le Contr' Un) 1530. .1563 
 Laborde, Alex. Louis Joseph, Count. {Pictorial Travels) 1774. .1842 
 Laborde, John Benjamin de. French Musician & Writer 1734. .1794 
 Laborde, John Joseph, Marquis de. French Financier. . 1724.. 1794 
 Labourdonnais, Bertrand Francis Mahe de. French Na- 
 val Officer. Governor of Mauritius 1699. .1753 
 
 Laboureur, John le. Historian and Antiquary 1623. , 1675 
 
 Labrosse, Guy de. Fr. Bot. and Phys. ( On the Plague) — . .1641 
 Labrouse, Clotilde Susan Courcelles de. Fr. Enthusiast 1741. .1821 
 La Bruydre, John de. French Writer. ( Caracteres) . . . 1644?. 1696 
 La Butte, Rdn^. French Scholar and Mathematician. . . — . .1790 
 
 La Caille, Nicholas Louis de. French Astronomer ^713- .1762 
 
 La Calprendde, Walter de Costes de. French Dramatic 
 
 Writer and Romancist 1612?. 1663 
 
 Lacarry» Giles. Historian and Antiquary 1605 . . 1684 
 
 Lac6p§de, Bernard Germain Stephen de la Ville, Count 
 
 de. French Naturalist 1756. . 1825 
 
 La Cerda, Bemarda Ferreira de. Portuguese Poetess 1595 . . 1644 
 
 Lacerda, Francis Joseph de. Portuguese Traveler — . .1800? 
 
 Lachaise d'Aix, Francis de. Jesuit. Confess, to Louis XIV. 1624. .1709 
 Laclunanu, Charles, of Berlin. Critic and Philologist. . . 1793. . 185 1 
 
 Lackington, James. Life by self, 1792 1746'' . 1816 
 
 Laclos, Peter Ambrose Francis Chonderlos de. French 
 
 Writer and Soldier 1741 . . 1803 
 
 La Golonie, John Martin de. {History 0/ Bordeaux). . . . 1674. .1759 
 Lacombe, James. Hist. Writ. {Letters of Qu. Christina) 1724. .1811 
 Lacombe de Prezel, Honord, brother. {Diet, de Citoyen) 1725. . — 
 La Condamine, Charles Mary de. Mathem. and Traveler 1701 . .1774 
 Lacordaire, John Baptist Henry. Dominican Preacher. 
 
 Life by Count Montalembert 1802 . . 1861 
 
 Lacretelle, John Charles Dominic de. French Historian 1766. .1855 
 
 Lacre telle, Peter Louis, brother. French Writer i75i- -1824 
 
 Lacrolx, Anthony Nicholas. ( Geographie Modeme) .... 1704. .1760 
 
 Lacroix, Silvester Francis. French Mathematician ^7^5- -^^43 
 
 Lacruz y Cano, Ramonde. Spanish Dramatic Poet. . . . 1728. .1795 
 Lactantius, Lucius Coelius Firmianus. Christian Writer — aft. 317 
 Lacuna, or Laguna, Andrew. Spanish Medical Writer. . 1499. .1560 
 
 Lacy, Edmund. Bishop of Exeter — . . 1455 
 
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 Lacy, John. Actor and Dramatist. 
 
238 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ladd, 'William. American Philanthropist 1778. • 1841 
 
 Ladislaus I. King of Hungary (1077-95). Saint 1041 . . 1095 
 
 Ladislaus II. reckoned by sortie. 1134^1162 
 
 Ladislaus II., or in. (1204-5) ii85?.i2o5 
 
 Ladislaus III., or IV. (1272-90.) Le Chuman 1250?. 1290 
 
 Ladislaus IV., or V. (1440-44.) Vl.of Poland (1435-44) 1400?. 1444 
 
 Ladislaus V., or VI. (1444^57.) Le Posthume i439- • i457 
 
 Ladislaus VI., or VH. (1490-1516.) King of Bohemia 
 
 (1470-1516) 1450?. 1516 
 
 Ladislaus I. King of Poland (1081-1102). Hermann. . lo^^^ .1102 
 
 Ladislaus II. (1139-46) iio4?.ii63 
 
 Ladislaus III. (1296-1333) — ..1333 
 
 Ladislaus IV — . . — 
 
 Ladislaus V. (1386-1434.) Jaqelhn 1354. . 1434 
 
 Ladislaus VI. (1435-44.) IV. of Hungary (1440-44) . . . 1400? . 1444 
 
 Ladislaus VII., Sigismund (1632-48) 1596?. 1648 
 
 Ladislaus, or Launcelot, Ct. of Provence. King of Naples 1376. . 1414 
 Ladvocat, John Baptist. Fr. Writer. {Histoi-ical Diet.) 1709. .1765 
 Ladvocat, Louis Francis. (Entretiens sur un nouveau 
 
 Systhne) 1645?. 1735 
 
 Leelius, Caius. Sapiens. Roman Publicist 186. 115 B.C. 
 
 Laennec, Ren^ Theodore Hyacinth. {Del' Auscultation.) 
 
 Life by Forbes 1781 . .1826 
 
 Laer, or Laar, Peter van. Bamhoccio. Dutch Painter 1613 . 1673 or 5 
 Laet, John de. Dutch Historical and Geographical Writer — ..1649 
 
 Lsevinus, Torrentius. Van der Beken. Dutch Poet 1525 . . 1595 
 
 La Fayette, Louisa Motier, Mdlle. de. Beauty and Wit. . 1616?. 1665 
 La Fayette, Ctss. de. Novelist. ( Zayde. ) See La Vergne 1632 . . 1693 
 Lafayette, Mary Jane Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, 
 
 Marquis de. Life by his family i757- • 1834 
 
 LaFert6 Imbault, Maria Theresa GeofFrin, Marchss. de 171 5. .1791 
 
 Laflatte, James. French Banker and Financier 1767. .1844 
 
 Laffon de Lad6bat, Andrew Daniel. Statesm., Financier 1 746 . . 1829 
 Lafitau, Joseph Francis. Jesuit Missionary in America. . 1670. .1740 
 Lafitau, Peter Francis, br. Jesuit. Preacher»ScHist. Writer 1685. .1764 
 
 Lafitte, John. Corsair 1780? . 1817 or 26 
 
 Lafont, Joseph de. French Dramatist 1686. .1725 
 
 Lafontaine, Augustus Henry JuUus. German Romancist 1 756 . . 1831 
 Lafontaine, John de. Fabulist. L. by Walckenaer, 1820 1621 . . 1695 
 Laforce, Jas. Nompar de Caumont, Due de. Marsh, of Fr. 1558.. 1652 
 Lafosse, Anthony de. Tragedian. {Mardius Capitolinus) 16$^. .170S 
 
 La Fuente, Alcantara Michael. Spanish Historian 1817 . . 1850 
 
 LagaUa, Julius Caesar. Italian Phys. {De Coelo Animato) 1:^76. .1624. 
 Lagaraye, Claude Toussaint Marot de. Philanthropist. . 1675 . . 1755 
 
 Lagerbring, Suen. Swedish Historian 1707- -1788 
 
 Lagerloef, Peter. Swedish Historiographer 1648. . 1699 
 
 Lagerstroem, Magnus von. Swedish Philosopher 1696. .1759 
 
 Lagny, Thomas Fantet, Sieur de. Mathematician 1660. .1734 
 
 Lagomarslni, Jerome. Italian Jesuit. Philologist 1698. .1773 
 
 Lagrange, Joseph Louis. Mathematician 1736. .1813 
 
 Laguerre, Louis. Painter 1663. .1721 
 
 Laguna, Andrew. Spanish Physician and Writer i499- .1560 
 
 La Harpe, Frederick Csesar. Swiss Patriot i754- • 1838 
 
 La Harpe, John Francis de. Writer. Life by Mely-Janin 1739 . . 1803 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 239 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Lahaye, William Nicholas de. French Engraver 1725 . .1802 
 
 La Hire, Philip de. French Mathematician 1640. .1718 
 
 Laidlaw, William. Poetical Writer. 1780. . 1845 
 
 Lainez, Alexander. French Poet 1650. .1710 
 
 Lainez, James. General of the Jesuits. L. by Ribadeneira 1512. .1565 
 
 Laing, Alexander. Antiquary 1778. . 1838 
 
 Laing, Alexander. The Brechin Poet. { Wayside Flowers) 1787^ .jSc,7 
 
 Laing, Alexander Gordon. African Traveler i794- • 1826 
 
 Laing, Malcolm. Historian. {History of Scotland) 1762. .1818 
 
 Laire, Francis Xavier. French Bibliographer i739- .1801 
 
 Lairesse, Gerard. Flemish Portr. and Historical Painter 1640. .1711 
 
 Lais. Grecian Courtesan 5th c. b.c. 
 
 Lais. Grecian Courtesan 4th c. b.c. 
 
 Lake, Arthur. Bishop of Bath and Wells 1 550' • 1626 
 
 Lake, Gerard, Viscount. General i744- -1808 
 
 Lake, John. Bishop of Chichester — . . 1689 
 
 Lalande, James de, of Orleans. Legal Antiquary 1622. .1703 
 
 Lalande, Joseph Jerome Francis de. Astronomer 1732. .1807 
 
 Lalande, Michael Richard de. French Musical Composer 1657. .1726 
 
 Lallemand, Claude Francis. French Physician 1790- • 1854 
 
 Lalli, John Baptist. Italian Poet and Lawyer 1572. . 1637 
 
 Lally, Thomas Arthur, Ct. de. French General ; beheaded 1702. .1766 
 Lally Tollendal, Trophime Gerard, Marquis de. Statesm. 1 75 1 . . 1 830 
 
 Lalor, John. Journalist and Essayist — . . 1856 
 
 Laluzeme, Caesar Wm. de. Cardinal. Theol. &Polit.Writ. 1738.. 1821 
 Lamanon, Robert de Paul, Chev. de. French Nat. Philos. 1 752 . . 1 787 
 
 Lamar, Mirabeau B. Second President of Texas 1798. • 1859 
 
 Lamarck, John Baptist Peter Anthony de Monnet, Cheva- 
 lier de. Naturalist i744- • 1829 
 
 Lamarque, Maximilian, Ct. de. Fr. Officer and Politician 1770. . 1832 
 
 Lamb, Caroline, Lady. Novelist 1785 . .1828 
 
 Lamb, Charles. Essayist. Life by Talfourd, 1850 i775- -1834 
 
 Lamb, Hon. George. Under-Sec. Translator of Catullus — ..1834 
 Lamb, Sir Jas. Bland Burges, d. c. l. Under-Sec. Writ. 1752 . . 1824 
 
 Lam.b, John, d. d. Antiquary 1790?. 1850 
 
 Lamballe, Maria Theresa Louise de Savoie-Carignan, 
 
 Princess de. Friend of Marie Antoinette I749' -1792 
 
 Lambarde, Wm. Antiquary. {Perambulation of Kent). ic^tJS. .1601 
 
 Lam.becius„ or Lambec^, Peter. German Writer 1628. . 1680 
 
 Lambert, St. Bishop of Maestricht. Life by De Tello, 
 
 1622 ; Roberti, 1633 ; Dubosc Montandrd, 1637 640? . 708 
 
 Lambert d'AschaffenljOTirg. Historical Writer. {Annals) 1020?. 1080? 
 Lambert, Anne Theresa de Marguenat de Courcelles, 
 
 Marchioness of. Writer and Patron of Learning 1647 . . i jt^t. 
 
 .Lambert, Aylmer Bourke. Botanist 1762. .1842 
 
 Lambert, Claude Francis. French Historical Writer 1705?. 1765 
 
 Lambert, Daniel. Fat man 1 769 . . 1809 
 
 Lambert, Francis. John Serranus. French Reformer . . 1487. .1530 
 
 Lambert, George. English Landscape Painter*. 1710. . 1765 
 
 Lambert, John. Nichols. Protestant Martyr — • • ^538 
 
 Lambert, John. Parliamentarian General 1620? . 1694 
 
 Lambert, John Henry. Mathematician 1728. .1777 
 
 Lamberti, Louis. Italian Greek Scholar 1758. . 1813 
 
 Lambin, Dennis. Fr. Protestant. Critic and Grammarian 1 5 1 6 . . 1 572 
 
240 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOKN. DIED. 
 
 Lambinet, Peter. Fr. Bibliog. (Recherches Historiques) 1742 
 
 Lambruschini, Louis. Italian Prelate 1776. . 
 
 Lambton, John Geo. First E. of Durham. Gov. of Canada 1 792 . . 
 LambtoiijWm. Colonel. Trigonomet. Surveyor of India — .. 
 Lamennais, Hugh Fdlicit^ Robert, Abb^ de. Writer. . . 1782. . 
 
 Lamennais, John Mary, Abb 6 de, brother 1780. . 
 
 Lamettrie, Julian Offray de. Fr. Physician and Philos. 1709. . 
 Lamey, Andrew. German Historian and Diplomatist ... 1726. . 
 jLami, or Lamy, Bernard. Fr. Writ. {Apparatus Biblicus) 1645 . . 
 Iiami, or Lamy, Francis. Fr. Theol. Opponent of Spinoza 1636. . 
 Lami, John Baptist. Ital. Theologian. Ed. of Meursius 1697. , 
 Ziammetrie, Julian Offray de. Fr. Physician and Philos. 1 709 . . 
 
 Lamoignon, William de. French Judge 161 7. . 
 
 Lamont, David, d. d. Scottish Divine — . . 
 
 Lamoriciere, Christopher Louis Leon Juchault de. French 
 
 General 1806. . 
 
 La Mothe le Vayer, Francis de. French Skeptical Philos. 1588. . 
 Lamotte, Anth. Houdart de. Dram. Poet. {Inez de Castro) 1672. . 
 
 Lamotte, Jane de Valois, Countess de. Intriguer 1756. . 
 
 Lamotte, William. French Surgeon and Accoucheur ... fl. i; 
 
 La Motte Fouqu6, Caroline, Baroness de. Novelist I773-- 
 
 La Motte Fouqu6, Frederick, Baron de. ( Undine) .... 1777. . 
 Lamourette, Adrian. French Ecclesiastic and Politician 1742. . 
 Lamouroux, John Vincent Felix. French Naturalist . . . 1779. . 
 Lampe, Frederick Adolphus. Theol. & Antiq. {St. John) 1683. . 
 Lampe, John Frederick. German Composer in England 1692?. 
 
 Lampillas, Francis Xavier. Spanish Jesuit Writer 1 739 . . 
 
 Lamplugh, Thomas. Bp. of Exeter and Abp. of York. . 161 5. . 
 Lampridio, Benedict. Latin Poet 
 
 Lampridius, JElius. Historian and Biographer. . . ti. Diocl. & Const 
 
 Lamy, Bernard. {De Tabernaculo Foederis) 1645 . . 1715 
 
 Lamy, Francis. French Benedictine. {On Self- Knowledge) 16^6. .1711 
 Lana-Terzi, Francis de. Ital. Math. {Magisterium Naturae) 1631. .1687 
 
 Lancaster, Sir James. Navigator — . . 1620 
 
 Lancaster, or Lankester, Joseph. Educationist 1771. 
 
 Lancaster, Nathaniel, d. d. Divine and Poetical Writer 1700. .1775 
 
 Lance, George. Painter 1802? . 1864 
 
 Lance, William. American Author and Politician 1791 • • 1840 
 
 Lancelot, Anthony. French Writer ^ 1675 . .1740 
 
 Lancelot, Claude, of Port Royal. Grammarian 1615?. 1695 
 
 Lancelotti, John Paul. Italian Canonist 1511..1591 
 
 Lancisi, John Mary. Italian Physician 1654. . 1 720 
 
 Lancjean, Remi. Flemish Painter — . . 1671 
 
 Lancre, Peter de, of Bordeaux. Writer on Demonology — . . 1630 
 
 Lancret, Nicholas. French Painter 1690. .1743 
 
 Lancrinck, Prosper Henry. Flemish Painter in England 1628. .1692 
 
 Landais, or Landois, Peter. French Politician — . . 1485 
 
 Landen, John. Mathematician. {Mathematical Memoirs) 17 ig. .17^0 
 Lander, Frederick William. American Military Officer. 1822. .1862 
 
 Lander, John. African Traveler 1807. . 1839 
 
 Lander, Richard, brother. African Traveler 1804. . 1834 
 
 Landi, Hortensius. Italian Writer — . .1560? 
 
 Landino, Christopher. Italian Scholar and Latin Poet. . 1424. .1504 
 Lando. Pope (913 or 914) —..914 
 
 854 
 840 
 823 
 854 
 860 
 
 751 
 802 
 
 715 
 711 
 770 
 751 
 677 
 ^37 
 
 865 
 672 
 
 73^ 
 791 
 
 JO 
 
 831 
 843 
 794 
 825 
 729 
 756 
 798 
 691 
 540 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 241 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Xiando, Conrad. Count. German Adventurer — . . 1363 
 
 Lando, Peter. Doge of Venice (1539-45) — . . 1545 
 
 Iiaudon, Letitia Elizabeth (Mrs. Maclean). L. E. L. Poet- 
 ess. Life by Blanchard, 1841 1802. .1838 
 
 Xiandor, Walter Savage. Writer and Poet 1775 . .1864 
 
 Ijaudseer, John. Engraver ." 1769. . 1852 
 
 Xiane, Ralph. Discoverer of Virginia under Raleigh fl. 1583 
 
 Zjane, Sir Richard. Lord Keeper — aft. 1645 
 
 Ijaue, Samuel. Painter 1780?. 1859 
 
 Ijane, Timothy. Scientific Writer and Inventor — . . 1807 
 
 Ijane, William. Painter — . . 1819 
 
 Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury 1005 ?. 1089 
 
 Xiaufranc, of Milan. ( Chirurgia Magna et Parva) — . . 1300? 
 
 Lanfranc, John. Italian Painter 1581 . . 1647 
 
 Ijang, Charles Nicholas. Swiss Naturalist 1670. .1741 
 
 Iiang, John Michael. German Prot. Divine and Orient. 1664. .1737 
 
 Xiang, Oliver. Shipbuilder and Inventor — . . 1853 
 
 Langbaine, Gerard, D. D. Provost. Collector of MSS. 1608?. 1658 
 Langbaine, Gerard, son. {Account of Dramatic Poets) . . 1656.. 1692 
 Langbein, Augustus Frederick Ernest. German Author 1757. .1835 
 Langdale, Alban, D. D. Roman Catholic Controversialist — aft. 1584 
 Langdale, Henry Bickersteth, Lord. Master of Rolls . . , 1783. .1851 
 
 Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, Lord. Royalist Ofiicer — . . 1661 
 
 Langdon, John. American Statesman i739- • 1819 
 
 Xiauge, or Langius, John. German Medical Writer 1485 . .1565 
 
 IjaiLge, Lawrence. Swedish Traveler — aft. 1737 
 
 liange, or Langius, Rodolph, of Munster. {De Excidio 
 
 HierosolymoB) 1438?. 1519 
 
 Langebeck, James. {ScHptores Rerum Danicarum) . . . . 1 710.. 1774 
 Langeland, or Longland, Robert. Poet. {Piers Plowman) fl. 1370'' 
 
 Langeron, Andrault, Count. Russian General 1763. . 1831 
 
 Iiangham, Simon de. Cardinal. Archbp. of Canterbury i^io'-.i^yS 
 
 Langhans, Charles Gothard. German Architect i733- -1808 
 
 Langhorne, Rev. Daniel. Historian and Antiquary — . . 1681 
 
 Xianghorne, Rev. John, D. D. Poet 1735 • • ^779 
 
 Langius. See Lange. 
 
 Langland, or Longland, John. Bp. of Lincoln. Writer 1473. .1547 
 
 Langlande, or Longland, Robert. {Piers Plowman) fl. 14th c. 
 
 Langle, John Maximilian de. Protestant Divine of Rouen 1 590 . . 1674 
 
 Langl§s, Louis Matthew. French Orientalist 1763. . 1824 
 
 Langley, Batty. Architect — • • 1751 
 
 Langley, Rev. Thos. Topographer. {Hist.ofDesborough) — ..1801 
 
 Langtoft, Peter. English Chronicler fl. 1300'' 
 
 Langton, Christopher, m. d. Medical Writer — . .1578 
 
 Langton, Stephen. Cardinal. Archbp. of Canterbury — ,.1228 
 
 Languet, Hubert. French Protestant. {Vindicice) '. I5r8..i58i 
 
 Languet de Gergy, J. Bapt. Joseph. Fr. Philanthropist 1675 • -^750 
 Languet de Gergy, John Joseph, br. Controversial Div. 1677. .1753 
 
 Langwith, Benjamin, d. d. Natural Philosopher — . .1743 
 
 Lauiere, Nicholas. Painter, Engraver, and Musician . . . 1568. .1646 
 
 Lanigan, John, d. d. Irish Clergyman and Author 1758. . 1828 
 
 Lanjuinais, John Denis, Count de. French Politician. , . 1753. . 1827 
 Lanjuinais, Joseph de. French Ecclesiastic; Writer. ... — . .1808 
 
 Lankester, or Lancaster, Joseph. Educationist ^77^- - 1838 
 
 16 
 
242 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Iiannes, John, Duke of Montebello. Marshal of France 1769. .1809 
 
 Lannoy, Charles de. General of Charles V 1470''. 1527 
 
 La Noue, Francis de. Bras de Fer. Huguenot. {Discourses) 1531. .1591 
 Lansberghe, Philip van. Dutch Mathematician & Divine 1 561 . . 1632 
 Lansdowne, George Grandville, Visct. Politician & Poet 1667. .1735 
 
 Lansdowne, Henry Petty Fitzmaurice, Marquess of 1780. .1863 
 
 Lansdowne, William Petty, First Marquess of. Premier 
 
 as Earl Shelburne 1737- .1805 
 
 Lantier, Stephen Francis de. Poet, Dramatist, and Writer 1734. . 1826 
 
 Lanzani, Andrew. Italian Painter 1645?. 1712 
 
 Lanzi, Louis. Antiquary. {History of Painting) 1732. .1810 
 
 Lanzoni, Joseph. Physician and Writer 1663. . 1730 
 
 Lao-Tsee. Chinese Philosopher 600.aft.517 b.c. 
 
 Laparelli, Francis. Italian Architect and Mechanician. . 1521. .1570 
 La P6rouse, John Francis Gallaup, Ct. of. Fr. Navigator 1741 . .1788? 
 
 Lapide, Cornelius a. Biblical Commentator — . . 1657 
 
 Laplace, or Plateanus, Peter de. Fr. Magistrate & Writer 1526. .1572 
 Laplace, Peter Simon, Marquis de. ( Mechanique Celeste) 1 749 . . 1827 
 
 Lapo, Arnulph. Architect and Sculptor .• 1232?. 1300 
 
 Lapo, James. Italian Architect — . . 1262 
 
 Larcher, Peter Henry. Classical Scholar and Translator 1726. .1812 
 Lardner, Dionysius, 'll. d. Scientific Writer. ( Cyclop.) 1793. . 1^59 
 Lardner, Nathaniel, d. d. ( Credibility.) Life by Kippis 1684. .1768 
 
 Larfarge, Mary Cappelle. French Poisoner 1816. . 1852 
 
 Largillidre, Nicholas de. Portrait and Historical Painter 1656. .1746 
 
 Larive, John Mauduit de. French Tragedian 1 747 . . 1827 
 
 Larivey, Peter de. French Dramatic Writer 1550?. 1612? 
 
 Lamed, Sylvester. American Clergyman 1796. . 1820 
 
 La Rochefoucauld, Francis VI., Due de. French States- 
 man and Moralist. {Maximes) 1613 . . 1680 
 
 La Rocliefoucauld Liancourt, Francis Alexander Fred- 
 erick, Due de. Politician and Philanthropist. ( Trav- 
 els in United States) i747- • 1827 
 
 La Rochejaquelein, Henry du Verger, Count de. Ven- 
 
 dean Royalist 1772. .1794 
 
 Laromigui6re, Peter. French Philosopher 1756. . 1837 
 
 Laroon, Marcellus. Flemish Painter 1653. .1705 
 
 Larra, Mariano Joseph de. Spanish Writer 1809. . 1837 
 
 Larrey, Dominic John, Baron. French Army Surgeon . . 1766..1841 
 
 Larrey, Isaac de. Historian 1638 . .1719 
 
 Larrivie, Henry. French Actor and Vocalist ^723- .1802 
 
 Larroque, Daniel de. Satirist. Roman Cath. Convert 1660?, 1731 
 Larroque, Matthew de. Fr. Prot. {Hist, of the Eucharist) 1619. .1684 
 La Salle, Anthony Charles Louis, Count de. Fr. General 1775. .1809 
 La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de. French Navigator. . 1635?. 1687 
 Lascaris, Andrew John. Rhyndacenus. Gr. Schol. in Italy 1445 ^ 1 535 
 Lascaris, Constantine. Greek Grammarian in Italy .... — . .1500? 
 Las Oasas, Bartholomew de. Spanish Missionary to 
 
 South America. {History of the Indies) I474- .1566 
 
 Las Cases, Emmanuel Augustine Dieudonn^ Marin Jo- 
 seph, Count de. Le Sage. {Historical Atlas) 1766. . 1842 
 
 Lascelles, Rowley. Antiquary. {Liber Hibernice) 1770''. 1841 
 
 Lascy, Jos. Francis Maurice, Ct. de. Austr. Field Marsh. 1725 . .1801 
 Lasena, or Lascena, Peter. ItaJ. Schol. {Nepenthes Homeri) 1590. .1636 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 243 
 
 BORX. DIED. 
 
 Iiaski, or Lasco, John a. Polish Scholar and Reformer. . 1499. .1560 
 Lassels, Richard. Rom. Oath. Writer. {Travels in Italy) 1603.. 1668 
 Lasso, Orlando di, or Orlandus Lassus. Musical Composer 1520. .1594 
 Lassone, Joseph Mary Francis de. Fr. Phys. and Chemist 1 7 1 7 . . 1 788 
 
 Latham, John, m. d."^ Ornithologist and Antiquary 1740. .1837 
 
 Lathrop, Joseph, d. d. American Clergyman and" Writer 1731 . . 1820 
 Latimer, Hugh. Bishop of Worcester. Protestant Martyr. 
 
 Life by W. Gilpin, 1780 ". . 1472?. 1555 
 
 Latimer,'Wm. Gr. Schol. Teacher of Erasmus and Pole — ••1545 
 Latini, Brunetto. Grammarian of Florence. {Tesoi-o) ,. 1230.. 1294 
 Latinus, Latinius. Ital. Schol. {Latin Letters andPoems) 1513. .1593 
 Latour d'Auvergne, Theophilus Malo Corret de. Sol- 
 dier and Philologist i743- • 1800 
 
 Latreille, Peter Andrew. French Naturalist 1762. . 1833 
 
 Lattaignant, Gabriel Charles, Abb6 de. French Poet. . . 1697. .1779 
 Lattanzio, Gambara. Ital. Historical and Portrait Painter 1538''. 1570? 
 Latude, Henry Masers de. Prisoner in Bastile. {Memoirs) 1725. .1805 
 Laud, William. Archbishop of Canterbury. Life by 
 Prynne, 1644; Heylin, 1671; C. W. Le Bas; Lawson, 
 
 1829 ; Baines, 1855 1573. . 1645 
 
 Lauder, Sir Thomas Dick, Bart. Scottish Writer 1784. . 1848 
 
 Lauder, William. Literary Impostor 1 710''. 1 771 
 
 Lauderdale, James Maitland, Earl of Statesman i759- • 1839 
 
 Lauderdale, John Maitland, Duke of Cabal Minister. . 1616. .1682 
 Laudon, or Laudohn, Gideon Ernest. Austrian General 1716. .1790 
 
 Laugier, Mark Anthony. French Historical Writer 1713. .1769 
 
 Launay, Francis de. {Roman and French Jurisprudence) 1612. .1693 
 
 Launay, Peter. French Protestant Theologian i573- • 1661 
 
 Launey, Bernard Ren^ Jourdan de. Gov. of the Bastile 1740. .1789 
 
 Launoi, John de. French Divine 1603. . 1678 
 
 Laura, of Vaucluse. Friend of Petrarch 1310? . 1348 
 
 Laura, or Lauri, Philip. Flemish Painter 1623 . . 1694 
 
 Laurati, Peter. Italian Fresco Painter 1282 . . 1340 
 
 Laurenberg, Peter. German Physician 1575?. 1639 
 
 Laurence, French, d. c. l. Poet "and Writer — . . 1809 
 
 Laurence, Richard. Abp. Cashel. Theologian. {Baptism) lySi. .iS^^S 
 
 Laurence, Roger. Nonjuring Bishop — . .1736 
 
 Laurens, Andrew du. French Physician and Anatomist — . . 1609 
 
 Laurens, Henry. American Statesman 1724. . 1792 
 
 Laiirens, John, Lieutenant-Colonel. American Patriot. . 1756. .1782 
 
 Laurent, Peter Joseph. Flemish Engineer 1715 • .1773 
 
 Laurentius. Archbishop of Canterbury (604-19) — ., 619 
 
 Lauri, or Laura, Philip. Flemish Painter 1623. . 1694 
 
 Laviriston, Alexander James Bernard Law, Marquis de. 
 
 French General and Diplomatist 1768. . 1828 
 
 Lauzun, Anthony Nompar de Caumont, Due de. Favor- 
 ite of Louis XIV 1633 . . 1723 
 
 La Valette, Anthony Mary Chamans, Ct. de. Fr. General 1769. . 1830 
 La Valette, John Parisot de. Gd. Master ; founded Valetta 1494 ..1560 
 La Valliere, Frances Louisa de la Baume le Blanc, Duch- 
 ess de. Favorite of Louis XIV 1644 . .1710 
 
 Lavater, John Caspar Christian. Swiss Physiognomist 1741..1801 
 Lavater, Louis. Canon of Zurich. Protestant Controv. 1536. .1586 
 La Vergne, Mary Magd. de, Ctss. de la Fayette. Lavema 1632 . . 1693 
 
244 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Lavington, George. Bishop of Exeter 1683 . .1762 
 
 Lavirotte, Louis Anne. French Medical Writer 1725 . .1759 
 
 Lavoisier, Anthony Lawrence. Chemical Philosopher.. 1743.. 1794 
 Law, Edmund. Bishop of Carlisle. Metaphysical Writer 1703. .1787 
 
 Law, Edward, First Lord EUenborough. Judge 1750- .1818 
 
 Law, George Henry. Bishop of Bath and Wells 1 761?. 1845 
 
 Law, John, of Lauriston. Projector. L. by P.Wood, 1826 1671. .1729 
 
 Law, John. Bishop of Elphin — . . 1810 
 
 Law, William. Mystic Divine. (Serious Call) 1686. .1761 
 
 Lawes, Henry. Musical Composer 1600. . 1662 
 
 Lawes, William. Musical Composer; killed at Chester. . — . .1645 
 
 Lawless, John. Irish Agitator 1772- .1837 
 
 Lawless, Matthew James. Artist — , . 1864 
 
 Lawless, Valentine Browne, Ld. Cloncurry. {Recollect.) 1773. .1853 
 
 Lawrance, John. American Statesman and Judge 1750- .1810 
 
 Lawrence, Abbott. American Merchant and Statesman 1792. .1855 
 Lawrence, Amos, brother. Merchant and Philanthropist 1786. .1852 
 Lawrence, Sir Henry Montgomery. Statesman. De- 
 fender of Lucknow 1806. . 1857 
 
 Lawrence, James. American Naval Officer. " Don't 
 
 give up the ship" 1781. .1813 
 
 Lawrence, Rev. John. Agricultural Writer — . .1732 
 
 Lawrence, or Laurent, Peter Joseph. Flemish Engineer 1715. .1773 
 
 Lawrence, Stringer. General in India 1697. .1775 
 
 Lawrence, Thomas, m. d. Medical Writer. {De Hydrope) 1711 . . 1783 
 Lawrence, Sir Thos. Paint. L. by D. E. Williams, 1831 1 769 . . 1830 
 
 Lawson, Henry. English Savant i774- • 1858 
 
 Lawson, Sir John. Admiral — . . 1665 
 
 Lawson, John, b. d. Mathematician — , .1779 
 
 Lawson, Rev. John Parker, of Scotcll Episcopal Church. 
 
 {Life of Laud) — ..1852 
 
 Lax, Rev. William. Math. & Astron. Prof, at Cambridge 175 1. .1836 
 Layfleld, John, d. d. One of the Translators of the Bible — . . 161 7 
 
 Laynez, or Lainez, James. Jesuit 1512. .1565 
 
 LazareUi, John Francis. Italian Poet 1621 . . 1694 
 
 Lea, Isaac. American Naturalist — . . 1 792 
 
 Leach, William Elford. English Naturalist 1790- • 1836 
 
 Leadbetter, Charles. Mathematician — . .1744 
 
 Leake, Sir John. Admiral. Life by S. M. Leake, 1750 . . 1656 . . 1 720 
 
 Leake, John, m. d. Medical Writer 1720?. 1792 
 
 Leake, Richard. Master Gunner of England. ...... 1629. . 1686 
 
 Leake, Stephen Martin. {Nummi Britannici Historia) . . . 1702, .1773 
 
 Leake, William Martin. ColoneL Topographer 1777.. i860 
 
 Leander. Fr. Capuchin. Writer. {Truths of the Gospel) — ..1667 
 
 Leapor, Mrs. Mary. Poetess 1722. .1746 
 
 Lear, Tobias. American Diplomatist 1760?. 1826 
 
 Learchus. Greek Sculptor 7th c. b.c. 
 
 Lebeuf, John. French Antiquary. (History of Paris) .. 16S7. .1760 
 Le Blanc, John Bernard. (Letters on the English Nation) 1707. .1781 
 
 Le Blanc, Marcel. Jesuit Missionary to Siam 1^53- • 1693 
 
 Le Blanc, Nicholas. French Chemist i753- • 1806 
 
 Le Blanc. See Blanc. 
 
 Lebrun, Charles. French Painter 1619. . 1690 
 
 Lebruu, Chas. Francis, Duke of Placentia. Fr. Statesm. 1739. .1824 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 245 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Lebnin, Peter. Divine. ( Hist, of Superstitious Practices) 1661 . . 1 729 
 
 Lebrun, Pigault. French Novelist _. 1 742 . . 1835 
 
 Lebrun, Ponce Denis !&couch.ard. French Pindar. Poet 1729. .1807 
 Lecchi, John Anthony. Italian Mathem. and Philosopher 1 702 . . 1 776 
 
 Leclair, John. Musical Composer 1697. .1764 
 
 Leclerc, Daniel. French Medical Writer 1652. . 1728 
 
 Leclerc, John. BibHcal Critic 1657. .1736 
 
 Leclerc, Nicholas Gabriel. Medical and Historical Writer. 
 
 {History of Russia) 1726. .1798 
 
 Leclerc, Sebastian. French Designer and Engraver .... 1637. . 1714 
 
 Leclerc, Sebastian. Historical Painter 1684?. 1767 
 
 Leclerc, Victor Emanuel. French General 1772. . 1802 
 
 L':6cluse, Charles de. Clusius. Dutch Phvs. & Botanist 1526. .1609 
 
 Lecomte, Felix. French Sculptor. ( Feneton) 1 737 . . 181 7 
 
 Lecomte, Louis, Traveler and Missionary in China 1650-'' . 1 729 
 
 Le Conteur, John. English General 1 761 . .1835 
 
 Le Ooq, Anthony. French Physician. — . . 1550 
 
 Le Courayer, Peter Francis. French Roman Catholic 
 
 Refugee in England 1681 . .1776 
 
 Lectius, or Lect, James, of Geneva. Critic and Poet . . , 1560. .1611 
 Ledebour, Chas. Fred. von. Ger. Botanist and Traveler 1785. .1851 
 
 Ledesma, Alphonso. Spanish Poet 1552. • 1623 
 
 Ledoux, Claude Nicholas. French Architect 1736. .1806 
 
 Le Dran, Henry Francis. French Surgical Operator .... 1685. .1770 
 
 Le Due, John. Dutch Painter of Anjmals 1636. . 1671 
 
 Ledwich, Edward, ll. d. Antiquary and Topographer. . 1739. . 182? 
 Ledyard, John. Amer. Traveler. Life by J. Sparks, 1828 1 75 1 . . 1 788 
 
 Ledyard, Thomas. Naval Historian 1482 . . 1544 
 
 Lee, Ann. Founder of Shakers in America 1736. .1784 
 
 Lee, Arthur. Amer. Statesman. Life by R. H. Lee, 1829 1 740 . . 1 792 
 Lee, Charles. General. Life by Langworthy, 1792 ..... 1730'. 1782 
 
 Lee, Edward. Archbishop of York. Writer 1482?. 1544 
 
 Lee, Francis Lightfoot. American Patriot and Statesman 1734. .1797 
 
 Lee, Miss Harriet, sister of Sophia. Novelist 1756. .1851 
 
 Lee, Henry. American Soldier and Statesman 1756. . 1816 
 
 Lee, Henry. Dramatist. ( Caleb Quotem) — . . 1836- 
 
 Lee, Rev. Jesse. (Notes) 1758. . 1816 
 
 Lee, John, d. d. JPrincipal, of Edinburgh — . . 1859 
 
 Lee, Mary E. American Authoress 1813. . 1849 
 
 Lee, Nathaniel. Dramatic Poet 1^55 • • 1692 
 
 Lee, Mrs. R. Bowdich. English Authoress 1800?. 1856 
 
 Lee, Mrs. Rachel Fanny Antonina. Writer — ..1829 
 
 Lee, Richard Henry. American Statesman. Life by R. 
 
 H. Lee, 1825 '. " . . . 1732. .1794 
 
 Lee, Rowland. Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; Lord 
 
 President of Wales — . . 1543 
 
 Lee, Samviel. Ejected Nonconformist Divine and Antiq. 1625. .1691 
 Lee, Samuel, d. d. Orientalist ; Professor at Cambridge . . 1 783 . . 1852 
 Lee, Miss Sophia. Novelist. { Chapt. of Accidents; Recess) 1750. .1824 
 
 Lee, Thomas. American Judge and Politician 1769. • 1839 
 
 Lee Boo, Prince of Goo-roo-raa — . . 1 784 
 
 Leech, John. Humorous Artist 1817?. 1864 
 
 Leechman, William. Scottish Controversial Divine. . . . 1706. .1785 
 Leepe, John Anthony van der. Painter of Bruges 1664. . 1720 
 
246 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Leet, James, of Geneva. Politician and Lawyer 1 560 . . 161 1 
 
 Leeuw, Gabriel van der. Animal Painter of Bruges 1643. . 1688 
 
 Leeuwenhoeck, Anthony van. Nat. Philos. and Anat. 1632. .1723 
 Leeves, Rev. William. Composer. {AuldHobin Gray). . ly^g. .1S2S 
 Lefebvre, Francis Joseph, Duke of Dantzic. Marsh, of Fr. 1755. .1820 
 
 Lefebvre, Tanneguy. Tanaquil Faher. Philologist 161 5.. 1672 
 
 Lefebvre de St. Remy, John. Historian 1394?. 1468 
 
 Lefeb vre-Desnouettes, Charles, Count. French General 1 7 73 .. 1 822 
 Lefevre, James, of Etaples. Scholar and Theologian. . . . 1455'. 1537 
 Lefevre, Robert. French Historical and Portrait Painter 1756. .1831 
 Le Fort, Francis. Commander and Statesman of Russia 1656. .1699 
 Legallois, Julian John Caesar. French Physiologist .... 1770. .1814 
 Legar^, Hugh Swinton. Amer. Statesm. & Man of Letters 1797 . . 1843 
 
 Legate, Bartholomew. Martyr — . . 1612 
 
 Legendre, Adrian Mary. Mathematipian 1752. . 1833 
 
 Legendre, Louis. Historian 1659. .1733 
 
 Legendre, Louis. French Revolutionist 1755 . .1797 
 
 Leger, Anthony. Piedmontese Prot. Editor of N. Test. 1594. .1661 
 
 Leger, Anthony, son. Preacher .- 1652. .1719 
 
 Leger, John, cousin. Hist, of the Piedmont. Protestants 161 5. .1670? 
 Leger, St. See Saint Leger. 
 
 Legge, George, Baron Dartmouth. Admiral 1648. . 169 1 
 
 Legge, Thomas, ll. d. Master of Caius Coll. Dramatist 1536?. 1607 
 Leggett, William. American Journalist and Author. .. . 1802.. 1839 
 Legouv6, Gabriel Mary John Baptist. Fr. Dram, and Poet 1 764 . . 181 2 
 
 Legrain, John Baptist. French Historian 1565 . . 1642 
 
 Legrajad, James William. French Writer on Architecture 1 743 . . 1 807 
 
 Legrand d'Aussy, Peter J. B. Jesuit Writer i737- • 1800 
 
 Legrenzi, John. Italian Musical Composer fl. 1664-84 
 
 Leguano, Stephen Mary. Italian Historical Painter 1660. .1715 
 
 Leibnitz, Godfrev William, Baron. Mathematician. Life 
 
 by Dr. G. G. &uhrauer, 1842 1646. .1716 
 
 Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of. Favorite of Elizabeth. 
 
 Life by Dr. S. Jebb, 1727; James Drake 1532?. 1588 
 
 Leicester of Holkham, Thomas William, Earl of, Vis- 
 count Coke. Agriculturist 1752 . . 1842 
 
 LeifcMId, Dr. Independent Divine. L. by J. R. Leifchild 1780. . 1862 
 Leigh, Benjamin Watkins. Amer. Lawyer and Statesm. 1781. .1849 
 
 Leigh, Charles. Physician and Naturalist i66o-'. aft. 1705 
 
 Leigh, Sir Edward. Bibl. Critic and Hist. ( Crit. Sacra) 1602. . 1671 
 Leighton, Alexander. Scottish Puritan. (Zicw's P/ea) 1587. .1644 
 Leighton, Robert, son. Archbishop of Glasgow. {St. 
 
 Peter. ) Life by Pearson ; Burnet 1613 . . 1684 
 
 Leiningen, Charles, Prince of. Half-brother of Queen 
 
 Victoria. Philanthropist 1804. . 1856 
 
 Leisler, Jacob. Amer. Polit. Adventurer. L. by Hoffman — ..1691 
 Leismann, John Anthony. German Landscape Painter 1604.. 1698 
 Le Jay, Guy Michael. « Fr. Orientalist. {Polyglot Bible) 1588. . 1674 
 
 Lekain, Henry Louis Cain. French Actor 1728, .1778 
 
 Le Keux, John. English Architectural Engraver 1784. . 1846 
 
 Leland, John. Antiquary. Life by Huddesford, 1772 . . . 1 506? . 1552 
 Leland, John, d.d. Dissent. Divine. {Deistical Writers) 1691 . .1766 
 Leland, Rev. John. Writer. Life by self and L. F. Green 1 754 . . 1841 
 Leland, Rev. Thomas. Irish Divine ; Transl. of Demosth. 1 722 . . 1 785 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 247 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Xielli, Hercules. Italian Painter and Modeler 1700 . .1766 
 
 Le Long, James. French Historian. (Bibliotheca Sacra) 1665. .1721 
 
 Lely, Sir Peter. Painter 1617 . . 1680 
 
 Leraaire, James. Dutch Navigator — . . 1616 
 
 Ijemaire, Nicholas Eloi. French Classical Scholar 1767 . . 1832 
 
 Le Maistre, Anthony, of Port Royal. (Pleadings) 1608. .1658 
 
 Le Maistre, Louis Isaac. Sacy. Jansenist Writer 1613. . 1684 
 
 Leman, Rev. Thomas. Antiquary 1751 • • 1827 
 
 Le Marchant, John Gaspar. Eng.Gen. (Sword Exercise) 1767 . .1S12 
 Lemens, Balthasar van. Dutch Hist. Painter in London 1637''. 1704 
 Le Mercier, John. Biblical Commentator & Orientalist — . .1570 
 
 L6mery, Louis. Chemist and Physician 1677 . .1743 
 
 L6inery, Nicholas. French Chemist. ( Cours de Ghymie) 1645 . . 1715 
 
 Lemierre, Anthony Marin. French Dramatist i733- -1793 
 
 Lemnius, or Lemmens, Lieven. Dutch Phys. and Theol. 1505 . .1568 
 Lemoine, Abraham. French Prot. Div. (On Miracles) — ..1760 
 
 Lemoine, Francis. French Historical Painter 1688. .1737 
 
 Lemoine, John. French Cardinal. Canonist — ••^3^2) 
 
 Lemoine, Peter. French Poet. (St. Louis) 1602. . 1672 
 
 Lemoine, Stephen. French Prot. Divine. ( Varia Sacra) 1624. . 1689 
 Lemon, Geo. William. (Etymological English Dictionary) 1726.. 1797 
 Lemonnier, Louis William. Fr. Physician and Botanist 1717. .1799 
 
 Lemonnier, Peter Charles. French Astronomer i7i5-- 1799 
 
 Lemontey, Peter Edward. French Poet and Jurist 1762. . 1826 
 
 Lemot, Francis Frederick. French Statuary i773- • 1827 
 
 Lemoyne, John Baptist. French Musical Composer .... 1751 . .1796 
 Lempriere, John, D. D. Scholar. (Classical Dictionary) 1765.. 1824 
 
 Lenau, Nicholas. German Poet 1802. . 1850 
 
 L'Enclos, Ninon, or Anne de. French Beauty. Life by 
 
 Bret; Damours 1616..1706 
 
 Le Neve, John. Antiquary. (Fasti Ecclesice Anglicance) 1679. .1741' 
 
 Le Neve, Peter. Norroy King-at-Arms 1662. .1729 
 
 Lenfant, David. Fr. Dominican. ( Gen. Hist, of all Ages) 1603 . . 1688 
 
 Lenfant, James. French Protestant Divine 1661 . .1728 
 
 Lenglet du Fresnoy, Nicholas. Historical Writer 1674. -1755 
 
 Lennard, Sampson. Antiquary and Writer — . . 1633 
 
 Lennep, John Daniel van. (Eiymologicum LingiuB Grcecce) 1724. .1771 
 Lennox, Mrs. Charlotte. Writer. (Shakesjieare Illust.) 1720. .1S04. 
 Lenormand, Mary Anne Adelaide. French Fortune-teller 1 772 . . 1843 
 Lenotre, Andrew. Fr. Architect & Ornamental Gardener 1613. . 1700 
 
 Lens, Bernard. Miniature Painter — . .1741 
 
 Lenthall, William. Speaker 1591 . . 1682 
 
 Lentino, Jacopo Notaro da. Italian Poet fl.1250 
 
 Leo I. Emperor of the East (457-74). Thracian 400?. 474 
 
 Leo II. (474, Jan. 26-Nov.) Young 470^.474 
 
 Leo in. (717-41.) Isaurian 680?. 741 
 
 Leo IV. (775-80) 750. . 780 
 
 LeoV. (813-20.) Armenian —..820 
 
 Leo VI. (886-911.) Philosopher 866. . 911 
 
 Leo I. Pope(440-6L) The Great 390^461 
 
 Leo II. (682-84) _ . . 684 
 
 Leo III. (795-816) _ . . 8i6 
 
 Leo IV. (847-55) _ . . 855 
 
 LeoV. (903) —..903 
 
248 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Leo VI. (928-29) — . . 929 
 
 Leo VII. (936-39) — . . 939 
 
 Leo VIII. (963-65) — . . 965 
 
 Leo IX. (1049-54.) Brunon. Saint : . 1002 . . 1054 
 
 Leo X. (1513-21.) John de^ Medici. Life by Roscoe ; J. 
 
 M. V. Audin, 1844 ; A. Fabroni 1475. .1521 
 
 Leo XI. (Elected April 1, 1605.) Alexander rfe' Medici 1535. .1605 
 
 Leo XII. (1823-29.) Annibal delta Genga 1760. . 1829 
 
 Leo, of Modena. Jewish Antiquary 1571 . . 1654 
 
 Leo Allatius. Greek Scholar in Italy. {Apes Urbance) 1586.. 1669 
 
 Leo de St. John. {Studiwm Sapientice Universalis) 1600. .1671 
 
 Leo Juda. German Protestant Reformer 1482. .1542 
 
 Leo, John. A/ricanus. Traveler and Geographer 1483?. 1552 
 
 Leo, Leonard. Neapolitan Musical Composer 1694. .1745 
 
 Leon, Fra Louis Ponce de. Spanish Poet 1528. .1591 
 
 Leonardo Bonacoi, of Pisa. Mathematician fl. 1200*^ 
 
 Leonardo da Vinci. Painter. Life by Amaretti ; J. W. 
 
 Brown, 1828 1452. .1520 
 
 Leoni, Jacomo. Venetian Architect — . .1746'' 
 
 Leonicenus, Nicholas. Italian Physician 1428. .1524 
 
 Leonico, Thomas Nicholas. Italian Scholar 1456. .1531 
 
 Leonidas. King of Sparta (b. c 491-480) . .' — B.c.480 
 
 Leopardi, James, Count. Italian Poet and Class. Scholar 1798. .1837 
 
 Leopold I. Emperor of Germany (1657-1705) 1640. .1705 
 
 Leopold II. (1790-92.) I. Grand Duke of Tuscany 
 
 (1765-90) 1747. .1792 
 
 Leopold I. King of Belgium 1790. . 1865 
 
 Leopold. Duke of Lorraine 1679. .1729 
 
 Leosthenes. Athenian General fl. B.c.323 
 
 Leotaud, Vincent. {Examen Circuli Quadraturm) 1595 . . 1672 
 
 Leowitz, or Leovitius, Cyprian. German Astronomer. . . 1524. .1574 
 
 Lepaute, John Andrew. French Horologist 1709- -1789 
 
 Lepautre, or Lepotre, Anthony. French Architect 1614. . 1691 
 
 Lepautre, Peter, son. Sculptor 1660. .1744 
 
 Lepicier, Bernard. French Engraver 1698 ..1755 
 
 Lepicier, Nicholas Bernard, son. Painter I735 • -^7^ 
 
 Lepidus, Marcus ^milius. Triumvir — B.C. 13 
 
 Lepois, Charles. Charles Piso. Medical Writer 1563. .1633 
 
 Lepois, Nicholas. Medical Writer 1527. . — 
 
 Leprince, John. French Musician and Painter 1733. .1781 
 
 Le Q,uien, Michael. Theologian 1661 . . 1733 
 
 Lerebovirs, Noel John. French Optician 1762. . 1840 
 
 Leri, John de. French Protestant. {Siege of Sancerre) 1534, .1611 
 Lermontoff, Michael Ivanovitch. Russ. Poet & Novelist 1811 . . 1841 
 Lernutius, John. Dutch Latin Poet. {Basia, Ocelli, &c.) 1545 . . 1619 
 Leroy, Julian D.avid. {Ruines des Monuments de la Grece) 1724, . 1803 
 Leroy de St. Arnaud, Arnaud James. Marshal of France 1801 . .1854 
 
 Le Sage, Alain Rend. Novelist. ( Gil Bias) 1668. .1747 
 
 Le Sage, David. French Poet. {Les Folies du Sage) . . . — ..1650? 
 
 Le Sage. {Historical Atlas.) See Las Cases 1766. . 1842 
 
 Lesage, George Louis. Swiss Philosopher. {Final Causes) 172^. .j8o^ 
 
 Lescaille, Catherine. Dutch Sappho 1649 . . 1 71 1 
 
 Lescaille, James. Dutch Printer and Poet 1610. . 1677 
 
 Lescot, Peter. French Architect 1510. . 1571 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 249 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Leseure, Louis Mary, Marquis de. Fr. Royalist General 1766. . 
 Lesdiguieres, Francis de Bonne, Dk. of. French General 1 543 . . 
 Lesley, John. Bishop of Ross; Friend of Mary Stuart . . 1527. . 
 Leslie, Charles. Irish Divine. {Short and Easy Method) 1650'. 
 
 Leslie, Charles Robert, r. a. Painter and Writer i794- • 
 
 Leslie, Eliza. American Authoress 1787 . . 
 
 Leslie, John. Bishop of Clogher. Scholar and Politician 1570?. 
 Leslie, Sir John. Math, and Nat. L. by Macvey Napier 1766. . 
 
 Lespinasse, Julia Jane Eleanore, of Paris 1732 . . 
 
 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim. Writer. L. by K. G. Lessing 1729. . 
 Lessius, Leonard. Dutch Jesuit. (Immortalityof the Soul) 1^^^. . 
 Lestocq, John Hermann, Count. Physician. Favorite of 
 
 Elizabeth of Russia 1692. . 
 
 L'Estrange, Sir Roger. Prot. Controv. and Translator 1616.. 
 
 Lesueur, Eustace. French Painter 161 7. . 
 
 Lesueiir, John Francis. French Musical Composer 1760. . 
 
 Lesueur, Thomas. French Mathematician 1703. . 
 
 Lethieullier, Smart. English Antiquary and Virtuoso. . 1701 . . 
 
 Leti, Gregory. Italian Historian 1630 . . 
 
 Letoxxrneur, Peter. French Writer 1736. . 
 
 Letronne, John Anthony. Fr. Archaeologist and Critic . . 1787 . . 
 
 Lettice, John. Poet and Divine i737- • 
 
 Lettsom, John Coakley, m.d. Life by Pettigrew, 1817. . 1744. • 
 
 Leucippus. Greek Philosopher fl. 5th c 
 
 Leunclavius, John. Ger. Traveler. {Ottoman Empire) 1^^;^. . 
 Leupold, James. Mechanician. {TheatrumMachinarum) 1674. . 
 
 Leuret, Francis. French Anatomist 1 797 . . 
 
 Leusden, John. Orientalist 1624. . 
 
 Leutholf, or Ludolph, Job. German Orientalist 1624. . 
 
 Leutzelburger, or Liitzelburger, Hans. Engraver fl. i6th c 
 
 Leuwenhoek, Anthony van. Dutch Natural Philosopher 1632 . . 
 
 Le Vaillant, Francis. Naturalist and Traveler i753- • 
 
 Lever, Sir Ashton. Naturalist and Collector — . . 
 
 Lever, Ralph, d. d. Divine and Author'. — . . 
 
 Lever, Thomas. Master of St. John's Coll., Camb. Writer — .. 
 Leverett, Frederick Percival. American Classical Scholar. 
 
 {Latin Lexicon) 1803 . . 
 
 Leverett, Sir John. Gov. of the Colony of Massachusetts 1616. . 
 
 Leveridge, Richard. Singer and Musical Composer 1670 . . 
 
 L6 vesque, Peter Charles. Historian 1 736 . . 
 
 L6vesque de PouUli, Louis John. ( Sentiments Agreables) 1691 . . 
 
 Levi, David. Jewish Controversialist 1740. . 
 
 Levi-ben-Qershoni. Rabbi. Biblical Commentator. .. 1290?. 
 Levingston, James, Earl of Callendar. Scottish Royalist — . . 
 Levis, Peter Mark Gaston, Due de. Fr. Royalist; Writer 1764. . 
 
 Levita, Elijah. Jewish Grammarian and Exegete 1470. • 
 
 L6vizac, John Pons Victor Lecoutz de. French P6et and 
 
 Philologist — , . 1813 
 
 Levret, Andrew. French Surgeon and Accoucheur 1703. .1780 
 
 Lewis, Andrew. American Revolutionary General 1730?. 1780 
 
 Lewis, Enoch. American Mathematician 1776. .1856 
 
 Lewis, Francis. American Revolutionary Statesman. .. . 1713..1803 
 Lewis, Sir George Cornewall. Statesman and Writer. . . 1806. .1863 
 Lewis, Rev. John. Antiquary and Divine 1675 • -^746 
 
 793 
 626 
 596 
 722 
 859 
 857 
 671 
 832 
 776 
 781 
 623 
 
 767 
 704 
 
 ?55 
 837 
 770 
 760 
 701 
 788 
 848 
 832 
 814 
 
 B.C. 
 
 593 
 727 
 851 
 699 
 704 
 
 723 
 824 
 788 
 585 
 577 
 
 836 
 679 
 
 812 
 750 
 799 
 370 
 672 
 830 
 549 
 
250 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIBD. 
 
 Iiewis, Maria Therese, Lady. Novelist and Biographer, . 1803 . . 1865 
 
 Lewis, Matthew Gregory. Monlc Lewis. Romancist 1775. .1818 
 
 Lewis, Meriwether. American Soldier and Explorer. . . . 1774. .1809 
 Lewis, Morgan. American Soldier, Jurist, and Politician 1754. .1844 
 
 Lewis, Samuel. American Educationist i799- -1^54 
 
 Ley, Sir James. Judge 1552?. 1628 
 
 Leyboum, William. Mathematical Writer — . . 1690? 
 
 Leydecker, Melchior. Dutch Theologian 1642. .1722 
 
 Leyden, John, M. D. Poet & Orient. L. by Moreton, 1819 1 775 . . 181 1 
 Leyden, Luke van. Lucas Jacobze. Dutch Painter .... 1494. .1533 
 
 Leyland, Joseph Bentley, of Halifax. Sculptor — ..1851V 
 
 Leyssens. Painter of Antwerp 1661 . . 1 720 
 
 Lezay-Marnezia, Adrian, Count de. Diplom. and Polit. 1770. .1814 
 Lezay-Marnezia, Claude Francis Adrian, Mqs. de. Polit. 1735 • -1800 
 
 L'Hdpital, Michael de. Chancellor of France. . . ... 1505 . . 1573 
 
 Lhuyd, Edw. Antiq. and Nat. {Archoeoloyia Britannica) iGjo'^ .ijcx) 
 
 Lhuyd, Humphrey. Antiquary — . .1570 
 
 Libanius. Greek Sophist and Rhetorician 314. aft. 390 
 
 Libavius, Andreco. German Physician and Chemist — . . 1616 
 
 Liberi, Peter. Italian Painter 1605 . . 1687 
 
 Liberius. Bishop of Rome (352-66) — . . 366 
 
 Liceti, Fortunio. Italian Physician and Philosopher. . . . 1577. .1657 
 
 Lichnowsky, Felix, Prince. Prussian General 1814. . 1848 
 
 Ijichtenberg, George Christopher. Writer. {On ffogarth) 174.2. .xygg 
 Lichtenstein, Jos. Wenceslaiis, Prince of. Austrian Gen. 1696. .1772 
 Lichtenstein, Martin Henry Charles. German Naturalist 1 780 . . 1857 
 Lichtwer, Magnus Godfrey. German Poet and Fabulist 17 19. .1783 
 
 Licinius. Roman Emperor (307-24) — . . 324 
 
 Liddel, Duncan. Scottish Mathematician and Physician. 
 
 Life by James Stuart 1561. .1613 
 
 Ijieutaud, Joseph. French Medical Writer 1 703 . . 1 780 
 
 Lieven, Dorothea, Princess of. Russian Diplomatist .... 1784. .1857 
 Lievens, or Livineius, John, of Antwerp. Greek Scholar 1546''. 1599 
 Lievens, John. Dutch Portrait Painter for Charles I. . . . 1607 . . 1663 
 
 Ijigtitfoot, John, D. D. Divine 1602 . . 1675 
 
 LigMfoot, John. Botanist. {Fbra Scotica) 1735 .. 1788 
 
 Lignac, Joseph Adrian le Large de. Abb6. Philoso- 
 pher, Naturalist, Theologian 1710?. 1762 
 
 Ligne, (Jhas. Joseph, Prince de. Austrian Field Marshal 1735. .1814 
 
 Ligonier, John, Earl of. Field Marshal 1678. .1770 
 
 Ligorio, Peter, of Naples. {Designs after the Antique) . . 1530?. 1580 
 Liguori, St. Alphonsus Maria di. Italian Theologian . . . 1696. .1787 
 
 Lilburne, John. Republican Writer and Sectary 1618. . 1657 
 
 Lillo, George. Dramatic Writer. Life by Thos. Davies 1693. .1739 
 
 Lilly, or Ly lye, John. Dramatic Writer. {Euphues) 1553? 160 1? 
 
 Lilly, William. Astrologer. Life by self 1602. .1681 
 
 Lily, or Lilye, William. Schoolmaster and Grammarian. . 1468?. 1523 
 
 Liraborcli, Philip van. Dutch Theologian 1633. .1712 
 
 Limbourg, John Philip de, of Spain. Medical Writer. . . fl. 1736-65 
 
 Limnseus, John. German Jurist i59^- • 1663 
 
 Linacre, Thomas, m. d. Physician and Scholar 1460?. 1524 
 
 Linant, Michael. French Poet ; Friend of Voltaire 1708. . 1749 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham. Sixteenth President of the United 
 
 States; assassinated by Booth 1809. . 1865 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 251 
 
 BORN. 
 
 Iiincoln, Benjamin. American Revolutionary General. . 1733. 
 
 Lincoln, Levi. American Statesman i749- 
 
 Lind, James, m, d. Medical Writer. ( 0}t the Scurvy) ... — . 
 
 Lindanus, William. Dutch Divine 1525 . 
 
 Lindblad, Otto. German Song Composer — . 
 
 Lindblora, Axel. Archbisliop of Upsal. Lexicographer 1 746 .. ] 
 
 Linde, Samuel Theophilus. Polish Philologist 1771 • 
 
 Lindenau, Bernard Augustus von. German Astronomer 1 780 . 
 Lindenbruch, Frederick. ( Codex Legum Antiquarum) . . 1573. 
 Lindley, John, m. d. Prof, of Botany. {Botanical Did.) 1799. .] 
 Iiindpaintner, Peter Joseph von. German Composer. 
 
 ( Sicilian Vespers) 1791 . 
 
 Lindsay, Sir David. Poet. Life by Chalmers 1490- 
 
 Lindsay, John, E. of Crawford. General. L. by Rolt, 1753 1702. 
 Lindsay, John. Nonj. Divine. {Hist, of Regal Succession) — . 
 Ltadsey, Theoph. Socin. Writer. L. by T. Belsham, 1812 1 723 . 
 Lindsley, Philip, d. d. Amer. Clergyman and Educator 1786. .] 
 
 Ling, Peter Henry. Swedish Physiologist and Poet 1766. . 
 
 Lingard, John, d. d., ll. d. Roman Catholic Historian 1771. . 
 
 L'Ingegno, or Andrea di Luigi. Painter. 1450''. 
 
 Lingendes, Claude de. French Jesuit; Preacher 1591 . . ] 
 
 Linglebach, John. German Painter of the Grotesque . . 1625. 
 Linguet, Simon Nicholas Henry. Polit. and Misc. Writer 1736, 
 
 Liniere, Francis Payot de. French Poet 1628 . 
 
 Linley, George. Song Writer and Composer 1798^ • : 
 
 Ijinley, Thomas. Musical Composer. {Twelve Ballads) 172^'- .: 
 
 Linley, Thomas, son. Musician ; drowned 1756. 
 
 Linley, William, br. Mus. Comp. ( Songs of Shakespeare) 1 77 1 . 
 Iiinn, John Blair. American Poet. {Powers of Genius) . , 1777 . 
 Linnaeus, Charles von. The great Botanist. Life by Miss 
 
 Brightwell; Trap of Stoever; Pulteney 1707. . : 
 
 Linnaeus, Charles, son. Botanist 1741 . . 
 
 Linsctioten, John Hugh van. Dutch Voyager 1536. 
 
 Linsenbahrt. Rosinus Lentilius. Medical Writer 1657.. 
 
 Lint, Peter van. Dutch Historical and Portrait Painter. . 1609. . 
 Lin-tseh.-su. Chinese Imperial Commissioner & Author 1785 . . 
 Linwood, Wm. Bishop of St. David's. Eccles. Lawyer — . . : 
 
 Lionel, Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III — . . 
 
 Liotard, John Stephen. Swiss Painter in Crayons 1702. aft. 
 
 Liotard, Peter. French Botanist 1 729 . . 
 
 Lipenius, Martin. Ger. Lutheran. {Bibliotheca Realis) 16^0. . 
 Lippi, Lawrence. Pa. & Poet. (// Malmantile Racquistatu) 1606. . i 
 Lippi, Philip. Painter of Florence. {Adoration of Virgin) i^\2. . 
 
 Lippi, Philip, or Philippin, son. Painter 1460. . 
 
 Lippoman, Louis. Italian Bishop, Persecutor, and Writer 1 500 . . 
 
 Lipsius, Justus. Critic. Life by Miroeus i547- • 
 
 Liron, John. Benedictine of St. Maur. {Auteurs Chartrains) 1665. 
 
 Ids, John van der. Dutch Painter i57o- • 
 
 LiscoflF, Christian Louis. German Satirist 1701 . . 
 
 Lisle, de. See Delisle. 
 
 Lisle, Mrs., or Lady Alice. Victim of Judge Jeffreys — .. 
 
 Lisle, Sir Geo. Royalist; Defender of Colchester; shot.. — .. 
 Lisola, Francis Paul, Baron von. Diplomatist. {Bou- 
 
 clier d'Mat) 1613. . 1675 
 
252 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Xiist, Frederick. German Political Economist 1789. . 1846 
 
 liista y Aragon, Albert. Spanish Mathem., Poet, Critic 1 775 . . 1848 
 Idster, Martin. Ph vs. and Nat. {Historia- Conchyliorum) 1638?. 1712 
 
 Lister, Sir Matthewji m. d. Physician 1565?. 1657 
 
 Ijister, Thomas Henry. Novelist and Historian 1801 . . 1842 
 
 Liston, John. Comedian 1776. . 1846 
 
 Listen, Robert. Surgeon 1794 . . 1848 
 
 Lithgow, William. Scottish Pedestrian Traveler — . . 1640 
 
 Litta, Pompey, Count. Italian Historian 1781 . . 1852 
 
 Little, William. William of Newburgh. Historian 1 136 . . 1208 
 
 Littleton, Rev. Adam. Divine and Philol. {Lat. Diet.) 1627. .1694 
 Littleton, or Lyttelton, which see. 
 
 Littrow, Joseph John von. German Astronomer . . .' 1781 . . 1840 
 
 Liutprand, or Luitprand. Lombard Historian 920^.972 
 
 Lively, Edward. Hebrew Professor at Cambridge. One 
 
 of the Translators of the Bible — . . 1605 
 
 Liverpool, Charles Jenkinson, First Earl of. Statesman 1727. .1808 
 Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, Second Earl of. 
 
 Premier (1812-27) 1770. . 1828 
 
 Livia Drusilla, the wife of Augustus B.c.55?. A.D.29 
 
 Livineius, or Lievens, John, of Antwerp. Greek Scholar 1546'. 1599 
 Living, or Elfstan. Archbishop of Canterbury (1013-20) — . .1020 
 Livingston, Brockholst, ll. d. Amer. Soldier and Jurist 1757. .1823 
 Livingston, Edward. American Legislator and Jurist. 
 
 Life by Hunt 1764. . 1836 
 
 Livingston, John. Scotch Presbyterian Divine 1603. . 1672 
 
 Livingston, Philip. American Patriot 1 716. . 1778 
 
 Livingston, Robt. R. Amer. Polit. ; Ambass. to France 1746. .1813 
 Livingston, William. American Writer and Statesman. 
 
 Life by Theodore Sedgwick, 1835 1723. .1790 
 
 Livius Andronicus. Roman Poet fl. b.c. 240 
 
 Ijivy. Roman Historian B.c.59. A.D.17 
 
 Llewellyn. Prince of Wales; defeated by Edward 1 1224?. 1282 
 
 Llorente, Bernard German y. Spanish Painter 1685. .1757 
 
 Llorente, John Anthony. Spanish Historian 1.756. . 1823 
 
 Lloyd, Charles, of Birniingham. Translator of Horace. . — . .1827 
 
 Lloyd, Charles. Bishop of Oxford 1784. . 1829 
 
 LlOyd, Charles. Poet ; Friend of Wordsworth, Lamb, and 
 
 Southey — . . 1839 
 
 Lloyd, Rev. David. Biographer and Historian 1625 . . 1691 
 
 Uoyd, Henry Humphrey Evans. Military Historian. . . . 1729. .1783 
 
 Lloyd, Rev. Nicholas. Philologist 1634. . 1680 
 
 Lloyd, Robert. Poet. Life by Dr. Kenrick 1 733 . . 1 764 
 
 Iiloyd, William. Bishop of Worcester. Scholar 1627. .1717 
 
 Llywelyn, Sion, of Glamorgan. Poet — . . 1616 
 
 Lobau, George Mouton, Count de. Marshal of France. . . 1770. .1838 
 
 Lobb, Theophilus, of London. Medical Writer 1676?. 1763 
 
 Lobeira, Vasco de. Portuguese Writer. (AmadisofGaul) — .-1403 
 Lobel. or L'Obel, Matthias de. Bot. (Stirpium Adversaria) 1538.. 1616 
 Lobineau, Guy Alexis. Fr. Writ. {History of Brittany) 1666. .1727 
 Lobkowitz, Boleslaus de Hassenstein, Baron de. Diplo- 
 matist and Latin Poet — . . 1510 
 
 Lobo, Jerome. Portuguese Jesuit Missionary 1593?. 1678 
 
 Locatelli, Peter. Italian Violinist 1693. .1764 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 253 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Xiocli, David. Writer on Trade — . . 1780 
 
 Loch, James, m. p. Scot. Writer. ( County of Sutherland) 1780. . 1855 
 
 Lochner, Stephen, of Cologne. Painter — • • i45^^ 
 
 Lock, Matthew. Musical Composer 1630? . 1677 
 
 Lockart, Alex. Scot. Politician. {Memoirs of Scotland) 167^^17^2 
 Locke, John. Philosopher. Life by Lord King ; Le Clerc 1 632 . . 1 704 
 
 Locke, Joseph. Engineer. Life by J. Devey , 1862 1805 . . i860 
 
 Locker, Edw. Hawke, of Greenw. Hosp. Popular Writer 1 777 .. 1849 
 
 Locker, John. English Greek Scholar and Writer — . .1760 
 
 Lockhart, John Gibson. Writer. {Life of Scott) 1794.. 1854 
 
 Lockman, John. Musical Writer 1698. .1771 
 
 Lodge, Edmund. Herald and Antiquary. {Portraits) . . 1756. .1839 
 
 Lodge, Thomas, m. d. Dramatic Poet 1555^-1625 
 
 Lodge, William. Engraver 1649 . . 1689 
 
 Loewendal, Ulric Frederick Waldemar, Ct. of. General 1700. .1755 
 
 Loewenthal, Rev. Isidore." Missionary at Peshawer 1827. .1864 
 
 Lofft, Capel. Writer 1751..1824 
 
 Loftus, Adam. Archbishop of Dublin 1534' • 1605 
 
 Loffcus, Dudley. Orientalist 1618 . . 1695 
 
 Loftus, William Kennett. English Archaeologist 1820'. 1858 
 
 Logan. Tah-gah-jute. Indian Chief — . .1781 
 
 Logan, George, m. d. Amer. Statesman and Philanthr. 1753.. 1821 
 Logan, James. American Colonial Statesman and Author 1674 . . 1 75 1 
 Logan, Rev. John. Scottish Divine, Poet, and Writer . . 1748. .1788 
 
 Logau, Frederick, Baron von. German Poet 1604. .1655 
 
 Loggan, David. Engraver. {Oxonia Illmtrata) 1635?. 1693 
 
 Lohenstein, Daniel Gaspar. German Poet 1635 . . 1683 
 
 Loir, Nicholas. French Painter 1624. . 1679 
 
 Lola Montez, (Maria Dolores Porris y Montez,) Countess 
 
 of Landsfeld. Adventuress 1824. . 1861 
 
 Lollard, Walter. Protestant; burnt at Cologne — . . 1322 
 
 Lolli, or Lolly, Anthony. Italian Violinist . 1728. . 1802 
 
 Loin, Josse van, or Lommius. Dutch Medical Writer. . 1500. aft. 1562 
 
 Lombard, John Louis. French Artillerist 1723. .1794 
 
 Lombard, Lambert, of Li6ge. Painter 1506. .1565 
 
 Lombard, Peter. Master of Sentences. Schoolman.... — ..1164 
 Lom6nie, Henry Augustus, Count de Brienne. French 
 
 Ambassador in England 1595 . . 1666 
 
 Lom6nie, Henry Louis, Count de Brienne, son. States- 
 man. {Memoirs of Own Life) 1635 . . 1698 
 
 Lom.6nie de Brienne, Stephen Charles de. Cardinal . . 1727. .1798 
 Lommius, Jodocus, or Josse van Lom. Dutch Med. Writ. 1500.aft.1562 
 LomonosoflE", Michael Vasilovitch. Russ. Poet and Hist. 171 1. .1765 
 
 Londe, Francis Richard de la. French Poet 1685-'. 1765 
 
 Londonderry, Charles William Vane Stewart, Third Mar- 
 quess of. General under Wellington ^71^- • 1854 
 
 Londonderry, Robert Stewart, brother. Lord Castlereagh 
 
 and Second Marquess of. Statesman 1769. . 1822 
 
 Long, Edward, of Jamaica. Judge. {Hist, of Jamaica) 1734. .1813 
 Long, James le. Fr. Hist. & Bibliog. {Bibliotheca Sacra) 1665. .1721 
 
 Long, John St. John. Medical Empiric 1798. . 1834 
 
 Long, Roger, d. d., of Cambridge. Professor of Astronomy 1680. .1770 
 
 Long, Thomas. Nonjuring Divine 1621 . .1700 
 
 Longbeard, William, of London. Popular Champion .. . — ..1196 
 
254 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Iiongepierre, Hilary Bernard de. Critic and Class. Dram. 1659. .1721 
 
 Longhi, Joseph. Italian Painter and Engraver 1766. . 1831 
 
 Longinus, Dionysius Cassius. Greek Philosopher 213?. 273 
 
 Longland, or Langland, John. Bishop of Lincoln i473- -1547 
 
 Longland, or Langeland, Robt. Poet. (Piers Plowman) fl. 1370' 
 
 Longman, Thomas Norton. London Publisher 1770''. 1842 
 
 Iiongolius, or Longueil, which see. 
 
 Xiongomontanus, Christian. Danish Astronomer 1562. .1647 
 
 Longstreet, William. American Inventor — . .1814 
 
 Longueil, Christopher de. Ciceronian Scholar 1490. .1522 
 
 Longueil, Gilbert de. Dutch Phys. and Class. Scholar 1507. .1543 
 Longuerue, Louis Dufour de. Fr."^Abb^ and Hist. Writer 1652. .1733 
 Longueval, James. Jesuit; Ecclesiastical Historian .... 1680. .1735 
 LonguevUle, Anne Genevieve de Bourbon, Duchess de, 
 
 daughter of Henry II. ; Prince of Cond^, L. by Villefore 1619. . 1679 
 
 Longus. Greek Romance Writer. {Pastorals) 4th or 5th c. 
 
 Loni, Alexander, of Florence. Painter 1655 .. 1702 
 
 Lonicerus, Adam. Physician and Naturalist 1528. .1586 
 
 Lonicerus, John. Ger. Philologist. ( Greek and Lat. Lex.) 1499. .1569 
 
 Loon, Theodore van. Dutch Painter 1630 . . 1678 
 
 Loos, Cornelius. Dutch Divine. [De Vera et Falsa Magid) 1546?. 1595 
 
 Loosjes, Adrian. Dutch Novehst and Poet '. . . 1761 . . 1818 
 
 Lope de Rueda. Spanish Dramatist and Actor 1500^ 1564 
 
 Lope de Vega. Spanish Poet 1562. . 1635 
 
 Lopes, Fernando. Portuguese Historian 1380''. 1449 
 
 Lopez, Narcisso. Cuban Revolutionist i799- • 185 1 
 
 Loredano, John Francis. (History of the Kings of Cyprus) 1606. . 1661 
 
 Lorenze, John Michael. French Historian 1723. . 1801 
 
 Lorenzetti, Ambrose. Painter of Sienna 1257. . 1340 
 
 Lorenzini, or Lavirentini, Francis Mary. Poet 1680. .1743 
 
 Lorenzini, Lawrence. Mathematician 1652. .1721 
 
 Lorenzo. The Magnificent. See Medici 1448. . 1492 
 
 Lorgna, Anthony Mary. Italian Mathematician 1730^ 1796 
 
 Loriot, Anthony Joseph. French Mechanician 1 71 6. . 1782 
 
 Lorit, Henry. "Glareanus. German Scholar 1488. .1563 
 
 Lorkin, Thomas, m. d. Medical Writer I528^ 1591 
 
 Lorme, Charles de. Physician to Louis XIII. Writer. . 1584. .1678 
 
 Lorme, Marion de, or Delorme. French Courtesan 1612''. 1650 
 
 Lorrae, Philibert de. French Architect 1 5 18. . 1577 
 
 Lorraine, Charles de Guise, Cardinal de 1525 .. 1574 
 
 Lorraine, Claude. Gelee. French Landscape Painter .. 1600. .1682 
 
 Lorraine, Robert le. French Sculptor 1666. .1743 
 
 Lorris, WilUam de. French Poet. {Roman de la Jtose) — ..1260- 
 
 Lorry, Anne Charles. French Medical Writer 1726. . 1783 
 
 Lortzing, Albert Gustavus. German Composer 1803. .1851 
 
 Losa, Isabella, d. d., of Cordova. Scholar i473' • 1546 
 
 Loten, John. Dutch Landscape Painter in England — . . 1681 
 
 Lothaire I. Emperor of Germany 795 '' . 855 
 
 Lothaire II. (1125-37.) Duke of Saxony and Emperor 1075 . . 1137 
 
 Lothaire. King of Lorraine 825 . . 869 
 
 Lothaire. King of France (954-86) 941 . . 986 
 
 Lotich, John Peter. Physician and Latin Poet 1598. • 1669 
 
 Lotich, Peter. Secundus. Latin Poet 1528. .1560 
 
 Lotto* Lorenzo. Venetian Painter fl. 1513-54 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 255 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 liOubSre, Simon de la. French Jesuit Envoy to Siam . . 1642. .1729 
 Loudon, or Laudon, Gideon Ernest, Baron. Austrian 
 
 Field Marshal 1716. .1790 
 
 Iioudon, Mrs. Jane Webb. Horticult. & Botanical Writer 1800. . 1858 
 
 Iioudon, John Claudius. Horticultural Writer 1783 . . 1843 
 
 Louis I. Emp. of Ger. (814-40), and I. of Fr., which see 778. . 840 
 
 Louis II. (855-75.) The Yming 822?. 875 
 
 Louis HI. (890-903.) TheBlind 88o?. 928? 
 
 Louis rv. (900-11.) The Infant. (Not reckoned by some) 893'. 912? 
 
 LoTiis v., or IV., (1314-47) of Bavaria 1287?. 1347 
 
 Louis I. King of France (814-40) and Emperor. Le 
 
 Debonnaire. Life by Astronome 778. . 840 
 
 Louis II. (877-79.) Le Be gue, ox Stammerer 846.. 879 
 
 Louis III. (879-82) — . . 882 
 
 Louis IV. (936-54.) D Outre-Mer 921.. 954 
 
 Louis V. (986-87.) Le Faineant 966.. 987 
 
 Louis VI. (1108-37.) Le Gros. Life by Suger 1078. .1137 
 
 Louis Vn. (1137-80.) LeJeune 1120..1180 
 
 Louis VIII. (1223-26.) Le Lion 1187. .1226 
 
 Louis IX. ( 1226-70. ) Saint Life by Nangis ; Joinville ; 
 
 J. H. Gurney, 1855 1215 . . 1270 
 
 Louis X. (1314-16.) Eutin 1289.. 1316 
 
 Louis XI. (1461-83.) Life by C. P. Duclos, 1745 ; Jean 
 
 de Troyes ; Baudot de Juilli, 1756 1423 . . 1483 
 
 Louis XII. (1498-1515.) Life by Tailh^; Claude Scyssel 1462. .1515 
 Louis XIII. (1610-43.) Life by Gabriel, Lord of Gram- 
 
 mont ; James Howell ; Le Vassor, 1710-21 1601 . . 1643 
 
 Louis XIV. (1643-1715. ) L. by P. Pellisson-Fontanier ; 
 
 Isaac de Larrey ; Leti; Reboulet; G. P. R. James 1638. .17 15 
 
 Louis XV. (1715-74. ) Life by Voltaire 1 710 . . 1 774 
 
 Louis XVI. (1774-93) 1754. .1793 
 
 Louis XVII. Life by A. de Beauchesne, 1853 1785 .. 1795 
 
 Louis XVIII. (1814r-24) 1755 . . 1824 
 
 Louis I. King of Hungary (1342-82) and of Poland 1326 .. 1382 
 
 Louis II. (1516-26) 1506.. 1526 
 
 Louis le Germanique. King of Germany 806. . 876 
 
 Louis of France. Duke of Anjou, son of John III — . . 1384 
 
 Louis Philippe. King of the French. Life by M. A. 
 
 Bounce, 1849; L. G. Michaud, 1849; Nouvion, 1859. . 1773. .1850 
 
 Louis, Anthony. French Surgeon 1723. .1792 
 
 Louisa of Orleans. Q. of Belgians, dau. of Louis Philippe 1812 . . 1850 
 
 Louisa of Savoy. Regent of France 1476. . 1531 
 
 Louisa, Augusta Wilhelmina Amelia. Queen of Prussia. 
 
 Life by Mrs. Richardson 1776. . 1810 
 
 Loupti^re, John Charles de Relongue de la. French Poet 1727. . 1784 
 Loxu-eiro, John de. Portuguese Botanist and Missionary 1715?, 1796 
 Loutlierbourg, or Lutherburg, Philip James. French 
 
 Landscape Painter 1 740 . . 1812 
 
 Louvel, Louis Peter. French Assassin 1783 . . 1820 
 
 Louvet, Peter. Antiquary of Beauvais 1569' . 1646 
 
 Lou vet de Couvray, John Baptist. French Politician. . 1764. .1797 
 
 Louville, Eugene d'Alonville. French Astronomer 1671 . .1732 
 
 Louvois, Francis Michael Le Tellier, Marquis de. Minister 
 
 of Louis XIV 1641. .1691 
 
256 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORK. DIED. 
 
 Ij6vat, Simon Eraser, Lord. L. by self; J. H. Burton, 1847 1667 . . 1 747 
 
 Love, Christopher. Presbyterian Divine 1618. .1651 
 
 Love, James. Dramatic Writer and Actor — . . 1774 
 
 Lovejoy, Rev. Elijah P. American Abolitionist 1802. .1837 
 
 Lovejoy, Owen. American Abolitionist and Statesman . . 181 1 . . 1864 
 
 Lovelace, Richard. Poet 1618. . 1658 
 
 Lovett, Richard. Lay Clerk of Worcester. Philos. Writer — . . 1 780 
 
 Lovibond, Edward. Poet , — . .1775 
 
 Lowe, Sir Hudson. General. Governor of St. Helena. . 1767. .1844 
 Lowe, Peter. Scottish Surgeon. {Discourse on Chiruyery) — ..1612 
 
 LoweU, Francis Cabot. American Merchant 1775 • • 1817 
 
 Lowell, John, ll. d. American Statesman and Jurist. . . 1743. .1802 
 Lowell, John, ll. d., son. Lawyer and Political Writer 1769. .1840 
 Lowell, John. Founder of Lowell Institute at Boston. . . 1799. . 1836 
 Lowen, John Frederick. German Poet and Roman cist . . 1729?. 1773 
 Lowendal, Ulric Frederick Waldemar, Count of. General 1 700 . . 1 755 
 Lowenthal, Rev. Isidore. Philologist and Missionary . . 1827. . 1864 
 
 Lower, Richard. Physician and Anatomist 1631 ? . 1691 
 
 Lowman, Moses, of Clapham. Biblical Commentator. . . 1680. .1752 
 Lowndes, Rawlin. American Lawyer and Statesman. . . 1722. .1800 
 Lowndes, Thomas. Founder of Astronom. Professorship — ..1748 
 
 Lowndes, William Jones. American Statesman 1782. .1822 
 
 Lowndes, William Thomas. Bibliographer. {Bibliog- 
 rapher'' s Manual) — . . 1843 
 
 Lowry, Wilson. Engraver 1762. .1824 
 
 Lowth, Robert. Bp. Lond. {Isaiah.) L. by P. Hall, 1834 1710. .1787 
 Lowth, William. Prebend of Winchester. Scholar and 
 
 Commentator 1661 . . 1732 
 
 Lojrd, Lewis. London Banker 1768 . . 1858 
 
 Loyer, Peter le, Sieur de la Brosse. {Apparitions) 1550- -1634 
 
 Loyola, Ignatius. Founder of the Jesuits. Life by Riba- 
 deneira, 1570; John Peter MafFei, 1584; Stein, 1598; 
 Gretser, 1599-1604; Bombino, 1615 ; Mayr, 1616 ; Mich. 
 .Walpole, 1617; Ferus, or Plachy, 1617; Diez, 1619; 
 Binet,1622; Bidermann, 1625 ; Nigroni, 1630 ; La Mis- 
 ma, 1633; Arcones,1633; Halkett, 1648; Bartoli, 1650; 
 Kastel,1667; Bussieres,1670; Bonhours, 1679 ; Coret, 
 1679; Nolarci,1680; Garcia, 1685; Nossius, 1690 ; Nie- 
 berlein, 1721; Hane, 1721; Rasiel de Selva, or Ques- 
 nel de Dieppe, 1736; Mariani, 1741; Wolfter, 1788; 
 Frank, 1802; Geiss,1804; Dewora,1816; Charra,1840; 
 DuThairel, 1844; Bruehl,1845; Genelli,1848;Rau,1851 1491. .1556 
 
 Lubbert, Sibrand. Dutch Controversial Divine 1556''. 1625 
 
 Lubbock, Sir John William, f. k. s. Math, and Philos. 1803. .1865 
 Lubienetski, Theodore, of Cracow. Hist, and Portr. Pa. 1653?. 1716 
 Lubieniczki, Stanisl. Unitarian. ( TTieatrum Cometicum) 1623. .1675 
 
 Lubin, Augustin. Geographical Writer 1624. . 1695 
 
 Lubin, Eilhard. {De Causa et Natura Mali) 1556. .1621 
 
 Luca, John Baptist. Cardinal. {Analysis of Civil Law) 1614..1683 
 
 Lucan, Marcus Annseus. Roman Poet 39 . . 65 
 
 Lucaris, Cyril. Greek Theologian 1572. . — 
 
 Lucas, Charles. Irish Physician and Patriot. 1713- • 1771 
 
 Lucas, Frederick, m. p. Rom. Cath. Polit. Ed. of Tablet 1812 . . 1855 
 Lucas, Paul. French Traveler 1664. .1737 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 257 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 IJucas, Rev. Richard. Divine 1648 . . 1 715 
 
 Lucas, Samuel. Journalist and "Writer. {Secularia) . . . 1818. .1865 
 Lucas Brugensis, Francis. Dutch Orient, and Bib.Writ. 1552?. 1619 
 
 Lucas van Leyden. Dutch Painter and Engraver 1494- -1533 
 
 Lucchesini, Jerome, Marquis of. Prussian Statesman . . 1752. .1825 
 
 Lucchesini, John Vincent. Italian Historian 1660 . . 1 744 
 
 Luchetto, of Genoa. /See Cambiaso 1527.. 1585 
 
 Lucian. Greek Writer 120'. 200 
 
 Lucian, St. Presbyter of Antioch. Martyr — .. 312 
 
 Lucifer. Bishop of Cagliari. Writer — ab. 370 
 
 Lucilius, Caius. Roman Satirist 148. 103 b.c. 
 
 Lucius I. Pope (252-53) — . . 253 
 
 Lucius II. (1144-45.) Gerard de Caccianamici — • • ii45 
 
 Lucius III. (1181-85.) Ubaklo Allucingoli — . . 1185 
 
 Lxicke, Godfrey Christian Frederick. German Theologian 1792. . 1855 
 
 Lucretius. Roman Philosopher and Poet 95-55 b-c 
 
 LucuUus, Lucius Licinius. Conqueror of Mithridates. , .110''. 57 B.C. 
 
 Luden, Henry. German Historian 1780. . 1847 
 
 Ludlow, Edmund. Parliamentarian General 1620'. 1693 
 
 Ludolph, Henry William. ( Gram, of Russian Language) 1655 . .1710 
 
 Ludolph., Job. " Orientalist. {History of Ethopia).' 1624. .1704 
 
 Ludwig, Christian Theophilus. Botanist 1709. . 1773 
 
 Ludwig, John Peter, of Magdeburg. ( Manuscripta Omnis 
 
 ^vi) 1668 . . 1743 
 
 Luecke. /See Liicke 1792.. 1855 
 
 Luetzow. See Liitzow. 
 
 Lugo, Francis de. Sp. Jesuit Miss. {OnThomas Aquinas) i<^?,o. .16^2 
 Lugo, John de, br. Sp. Jesuit and Cardinal. Theologian 1583. . 1660 
 Luigi, Andrea di. Vlngegno. Painter. /See L'Ingegno 1450'. 1520 
 
 Luini, Bernardin. ItalianPainter — aft. 1530 
 
 Luini, Francis. Italian Mathematician 1740. .1792 
 
 Luisino, Francis. Italian Greek and Latin Scholar 1523. .1568 
 
 Luitprand. King of Lombards (712-44) — . . 744 
 
 Luitprand. Lombard Historian 920?. 972 
 
 Luke, St. Evangelist ist c. 
 
 Lukin, Lionel. Inventor of Life-boat 1742-''. 1834 
 
 Lully, or Lulli, John Baptist. French Musical Composer 1633. .1687 
 Lully, or Lulle, Raymd. Doctxyr Illuminatus. {Ars Magna) 1234,. 131 5 
 Lumsden, Matthew, ll. d., of Calcutta. Orientalist. . . . 1777. .1835 
 Lundin, Sir Alan. EarlofAthol. Justiciar of Scotland — -.1275 
 
 Lundy, Benjamin. American Abolitionist 1789. . 1839 
 
 Luneau de Boisjermain, Peter Jos. Francis. Fr. Writer 1732. . 1801 
 
 Lunn, Joseph. Dramatist 1784"'' . 1863 
 
 Lupset, Thos. Div. & Writer ; Friend of Pole & Erasmus 1498 ' . 1 530 
 
 Lupton, Donald. Biographer 11. 1674 
 
 Lupus, or Wolf, Christian. Flemish Writer on Councils 1612. .1681 
 
 Lupus Servatus. French Abbot. Theologian 8o5?.aft.86i 
 
 Lusignan, Guy de. King of Jerusalem and Cyprus — . .1194 
 
 Lussan, Margaret de. Romance and Historical Writer. . 1682. . 1758 
 Luthbert, or Lubbert, Sibrand. Dutch Controv. Divine 1556''. 1625 
 Luther, Martin. German Refoi-mer. Life by Melanchthon, 
 
 1546 (also in English, German, French, and Swedish); 
 
 Cochlaeus, 1549 (also in German); Mathesius, 1565; 
 
 Selnecker, 1575; Taillepied, 1577; Seidel, 1581; Glo- 
 17 
 
258 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOBN. SISD. 
 
 cerus, 1586 ; Dresser, 1598 ; Brerely, 1624 ; Hayne, 1641 , 
 Juncker, 1699 (also in German and Dutch) ; Forstmann, 
 1717; Grinsius, 1721; Herrenschmidt, 1742 (also in 
 German and Danish); Walter, 1749-54; Kiel, 1753; 
 Schroekh, 1773 (also in Danish and Swedish); Wa- 
 genseil, 1782; Tischer, 1783 (also in English, Danish, 
 and Dutch); Zimmermann, 1812; Bower, 1813; H. 
 Mueller, 1817 ; Ukert, 1817 ; Stange, 1835 ; Pfizer, 1836 ; 
 Riddle, 1837; J. Scott, 1838 ; Audin,1839 (also in Ger- 
 man and Italian) ; H. Lee, 1839 ; Jiirgens, 1840 ; Genth, 
 1842 (also in Dutch); Michelet, 1845 (also in English 
 and German); Meurer, 1843-46 (also in English); R. 
 Ferguson, 1848; Neudecker, 1850; Ratzeberger, 1850 ; 
 Konig, 1853 (in English, 1854); Jander, 1853; Tho- 
 
 den van Velzen, 1853 ; Worsley, 1856 1483 . . 1 546 
 
 LutherbTirg, or Loutherbourg, Philip James. Fr. Painter 1740. . 1812 
 
 Luti, Benedict. Italian Painter 1666. .1724 
 
 Luttrell, Henry. Poet. {Memoirs of Thomas Moore). . . — . . 1851 
 Lutzelburger/Hans. Hans Frank. Swiss Wood Engrav. fl. i6th c. 
 liutzow, Louis Adolphus William. Baron. Prussian Gen. 1782. . 1834 
 
 Liitzow, Theresa von. German Authoress 1804. . 1852 
 
 Luxemboiirg, Francis Henry de Montmorenci Bouteville, 
 
 Duke of 1628 . . 1695 
 
 Luyken, John. Dutch Engraver 1649 . . 1712 
 
 Luyts, John. Philosopher and Astronomer 1665 . . 1721 
 
 Luzac, John. Dutch Philologist and Publicist 1746. . 1807 
 
 Lycon. Greek Peripatetic Philosopher 300?. 226 B.C. 
 
 Lycophron. Greek Poet and Gram. ( Cassandra) . . fl. B.C. (285-47) 
 Lycurgus. Spartan Lawgiver. Life by Dean Chetwood fl. B.C. 825? 
 
 Lydgate, John. Poet *..... 1375?. 1460? 
 
 Lydiat, Thos. Chronol. &Math. {Emendaiio Temporum) 1572, .1646 
 
 Lydus, Johannes Laurentius. Byzantine Writer 490' • 560? 
 
 Lye, Edward. Antiquary and Saxonist 1704- -1767 
 
 Lylye, or Lilly, John. Dramatist. (Euphues) 1553?. 1601? 
 
 Lynch, Thomas. American Revolutionary Statesman. . . 1749. . 1779 
 Lynde, Sir Humphrey, m. p. Writer against Popery. 
 
 ( Via Tula) 1579. . 1636 
 
 Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley, Baron. Ld. Chanc. 1772, .1863 
 Lyndsay, or Lindsay, Sir David. Poet. L. by Chalmers 1490. .1557-' 
 Lyndwode, or Lindwood. Ecclesiastical Lawyer. Bishop 
 
 of St. David's — . . 1446 
 
 Lynedocli, Thomas Graham, Lord. General 1750. . 1843 
 
 Lyon, George Francis, Captain r. n. Trav. and Explorer 1795 . . 1832 
 Lyon, Mary. Amer. Educat. li. by Edw. Hitchcock, 1860 1 797 • • 1849 
 
 Lyon, Matthew. American Politician 1 746 . . 1822 
 
 Lyon, Nathaniel. American General 1819. . 1861 
 
 Lyonnet, Peter. Dutch Naturalist 1 707 . . 1 789 
 
 Lyons, Edmund, Lord. Admiral 1790 . . 1858 
 
 Lyons, Israel. Hebrew Scholar — . . 1770 
 
 Lyons, Israel, son. Botanist. Mathem. of Cambridge 1739. .1775 
 Lyra, or LjTanus, Nicholas de. Biblical Commentator . . 1270?. 1340 
 
 Lysander. Spartan General — B.c.395 
 
 Lyserus, John. Lutheran Div. {Pulygai7iiaTriuniphntrix) — ..1684 
 Lyserus, Polycarp. Lutheran Divine. Commentator. .. 1552. .1601 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 259 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Lysias. Greek Orator 458.378 b.c. 
 
 Lysimachus, General of Alexander; King of Thrace 360'. 281 B.C. 
 
 Lysippus. Greek Sculptor fl. ti. Alex. Gt. 
 
 Lysons, Daniel, m. d., of Bath. Medical Writer — . . 1800 
 
 Ly sons. Rev. Daniel. Topographer. {Environs of LoTidon) lySo. .18^4 
 
 Lysons, Samuel. Antiquary and Topographer 1763. . 1819 
 
 Lyte, Henry. Botanist 1529. . 1607 
 
 Lyte, Rev. Henry Francis. Poet. {Spirit of the Psalms) — ..1847 
 Lyttelton, Charles. Bishop of Carlisle. Antiquary. . . . 1714. .1768 
 Lyttelton, Edward, Baron Lyttelton of Mounslow. Lord 
 
 Keeper 1589. .1645 
 
 Lyttelton, George, of Frankley, First Lord. {Henry II. ; 
 
 Conversion of St. Paul.) Life hy Phillimore, 1845. . . 1709. .1773 
 Lyttelton, Sir Thomas, of Frankley. Judge. ( TenMres) 1421?. 1481 
 Lyttelton, Thomas, 2d Lord; SuWect of the Ghost Story — . .1779 
 Lyttelton, William Henry, Baron Westcote. Governor of 
 
 Jamaica — . . 1808 
 
1 
 260 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 M. 
 
 BORN. DISD. 
 
 Maan, John. Fr. Hist, and Theol. {Eccksia Turonensis) fl. 1667 
 
 Maas, Dirk. Dutch Painter 1656. . 1715 
 
 Maas, or Maes, Nicholas. Dutch Painter 1632. . 1693 
 
 Maat, Jan. Flemish Painter. See Blaukoff 1628. . 1670 
 
 Mabillon, John. Fr. Benedictine. L. by Ruinart, 1709 1632. .1707 
 Mably, Gabriel Bonnot, Abbe de. Political Writer .... 1709. .1785 
 Maboul, James. Fr. Bp. & Preach. ( Oraisonsfunebres) 1650'. 1723 
 Mabuse, or Maubeuge, John. Gussaert. Flem. Painter 1499. .1562? 
 
 Macadam, John Loudon. Improver of Roads 1756. .1836 
 
 Mac Ardell, James. English Mezzotint Engraver 1 710?. 1765 
 
 Macarius, St., of Alexandria. Anchorite and Writer. . 301 ? . 390 or i 
 
 Macarius, St., the Younger, of Alexandria. Monk 304 :'. 404? 
 
 Macarthiir, Duncan. American Pioneer and Statesman 1772. .1840 
 Macartney, Geo., E. of. Envoy. L. by Sir John Barrow 1 737 . . 1806 
 
 Macaulay, Mrs. Catherine (Sawbridge). Historian i733- -1791 
 
 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord. Historian. Life 
 
 by Rev. F. Arnold, 1862 1800. . 1859 
 
 Macaulay, Zachary. Slavery Abolitionist 1768. . 1838 
 
 Macauley, Elizabeth Wright. Actress and Preacher. . . 1785. .1837 
 
 Macbeth. King of Scotland (1040-56 ) — . . 1056 
 
 Macbride, David, m. d. Irish Phys. ( Tlieory <f Practice) 1726. . 1778 
 Maccabseus, Judas. Jewish Patriot (b.c. 166-160) ... . — B.c.160 
 
 MaccabSBUs, Simon, brother. Jewish Patriot — B.c.135 
 
 Mac Caul, Alexander, d. d. Divine and Hebraist. Life 
 
 by J. B. M'Caul 1799. . 1863 
 
 Mac Cheyne, Rev. Robert Murray. Scottish Divine. . . 1813. .1843 
 Macchiavelli, Nicholas. Florentine Writ. {Del Princiije) 1469.. 1527 
 Macclesfield, Thomas Parker^ First Earl of. Ld. Chanc. 1666. .1732 
 
 Maccord, David J. American Lawyer and Author 1797. .1855 
 
 Mac Cormic, Charles. Historical Writer i744- • 1807 
 
 Maccovius, or Makouski, John. Polish Protestant Div. 1588. . 1644 
 
 Maccrea, Jane. Killed by Indians — . . 1777 
 
 Mac Crie, Thomas, d. d. Historical Writer. Life by 
 
 Thomas M'Crie, 1840 1772, .1835 
 
 Mac Cullocb, Benjamin. " Confederate " General 1814. . 1862 
 
 Mac Culloch, John, m. d. Geological Writer ''^773 • • 1835 
 
 Mac CuUoch, John Ramsay. Statistican and Political 
 
 Economist. {Dictionary of Commerce) 1789- • 1864 
 
 Macdiarmid, John. {Lives of British Statesmen) i779- • 1808 
 
 Macdiarmid, John. Ed. of Dumfries Courier and Writer 1 789? . 1852 
 
 Macdonald, Andrew. Scottish Dramatic Writer 1755?. 1790 
 
 Macdonald, Flora. Heroic Scottish Jacobite 1720. .1790 
 
 Macdonald, James, m. d. Amer. Phys. and Med. Writer 1803 . . 1849 
 
 Macdonald, John, Colonel. Militarv Writer 1759. -1831 
 
 Macdonald, Stephen James Joseph Alexander. Duke of 
 
 Taranto. Marshal of France 1765 . . 1840 
 
 Macdonough, Thomas. American Naval Officer 1784. .1825 
 
 Macdougal, Alexander. Amer. Revolutionary Officer. 1750'. 1786 
 
 Macduflae, George. American Statesman 1788?. 185 1 
 
 Mac6, Francis. Biblical Writer 1640? . 1721 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 261 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Mace, Thomas. Musician. (Musik^s Monument) 1613. .1709 
 
 Macedo, Francis de. Portuguese Scholar 1596. • 1681 
 
 Macedo, Joseph Augustine de. Portuguese Poet 1770?. 183 1 
 
 Macfarlane, Cliarles. Writer — . . 1858 
 
 Macfarlane, Duncan, D. d. Principal of Glasgow Univ. I77i?.i858 
 Macfarlane, Robert. Political Writer. {Reign of George 
 
 III.) Life by G. Lawson, 1862 . : 1734. . 1804 
 
 Macgillivray, Alexander. Chief of Creek Indians 1740?. 1793 
 
 Macgillivray, William, ll. d. Naturalist 1796. . 1852 
 
 Macgregor, John. British Statistician and Politician . . 1797. .1857 
 
 Macgregor Campbell, Robert. Rob Roy, q.v 1660''. 1735? 
 
 Machaiolt, James de. Writer on Jesuit Missions & Travels 1599. . 1680 
 Machavilt, John de. Fr. Jesuit. Annotator of Thuanus 1561 . . 1619 
 
 Machault, John Baptist. French Jesuit. Writer 1591 . .1640 
 
 Machault d'Amouville, John Baptist. Financier .... 1701 , .1794 
 
 MachiaveUi, Nicholas. See Macchiavelli 1469. .1527 
 
 Machin, John. Gresham Professor of Astronomy — • • 1751 
 
 Mac Intosh, John. American Revolutionary Soldier. . . — . .1826 
 Mac Intosh, Lachlan. American Revolutionary Soldier 1727, .1806 
 Mack von Leiberich, Charles, Baron. Austrian General 1752. . 1828 
 
 Mackay, Andrew, ll. d. Mathematician — . . 1809 
 
 Mackean, Thomas. American Jurist and Statesman. . . 1734. .1817 
 
 Mackeever, Isaac. American Naval Officer i793- • ^^5^ 
 
 Mackendree, Rev. William. Bishop i757- 1835 
 
 Mackenzie, Sir Alexander. Explorer in North America 1760. . 1820 
 Mackenzie, Alex. Slidell. Amer. Naval Officer & Writer 1803. .1848 
 Mackenzie, Charles Frazer. Missionary Bishop in Af- 
 rica. Life by Dean Goodwin 1825 . . 1862 
 
 Mackenzie, Sir' George. Legal and Historical Writer. . 1636. .1691 
 Mackenzie, Geo., 1st. E. of Cromarty. Statesman & Hist. 1631?.! 714 
 Mackenzie, George, M. D. {Lives -of Scottish Wt-iters).. i8th c. 
 Mackenzie, Henry. Essayist & Nov. { Man of Feeling) ly^i^. .iS^i 
 Mackenzie, William Lyon. Canadian Journalist & Polit. 1 794 . . 1861 
 Mackey, John. Writer & Polit. ( Court of St. Germains) — . .1726 
 Mackinnon, Daniel, Col. ( History of Coldstream Guards) 1 791 . . 1836 
 Mackintosh, Sir James. Historian. Life by Mackintosh 1765. .1832 
 Macklin, Charles. Actor and Dramatist. Life by Kirk- 
 man, 1799 ; WilUam Cooke ^ ". 1690. .1797 
 
 Macknight, James, d. d. Scottish Commentator 1721 . . 1800 
 
 Maclaine, Archibald. {Letters to Soame Jenyns) .. 1722.. 1804 
 
 Maclane, Louis. American Statesman 1786. . 1857 
 
 Maclaurin, Colin. Mathem. and Philosopher. L. by self 1698 . . 1 746 
 Maclaurin, John, son. Ld. Dreghorn. Scot. Judge & Writ. 1734. .1796 
 Maclean, John, ll. d. American Jurist and Statesman 1785. .1861 
 Maclean, Mrs. Letitia Elizabeth, nee Landon, which see. . 1802. . 1838 
 
 Macleay, William Sharp. Botanist and Zoologist 1793?. 1865 
 
 Macleod, Alexander, d. d. American Writer 1774- -1833 
 
 Macleod, John, M. D. Naval Surg. {VoyageofiheAlceste) 1782.. 1820 
 
 Maclure, William. American Geologist 1763. . 1840 
 
 Macnab, Sir Alan Napier. Canadian Statesman 1798. • 1862 
 
 Macnaghten, Sir William. Envoy ; assassinated at Cabul — . . 1841 
 
 Macnally, Leonard. Lawyer and Dramatist 1752. .1820 
 
 Macneil, John. American General 1784- • 1850 
 
 Macneill, Hector. Scottish Poet 1746. . 1818 
 
262 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIBD. 
 
 Macnevm, William James. American Writer & Scientist 1 763 . . 1841 
 
 Macnicliol, Rev. Dr. Donald. Celtic Antiquary i735- .1802 
 
 Macnlsh, Robert, m. d. and ll. d. {Phibsophy of Sleep) 1802. . 1837 
 Macomb, Alexander. American Military Commander. . 1782..1841 
 Macon, Nathaniel. American Politician and Legislator 1757. .1837 
 Macpherson, David. Commercial Writer. {Annals of 
 
 Commerce) — . . — 
 
 Macpherson, Jas. Poet and Hist. Writ. ( Ossiaw's Poems) 1738. .1796 
 Mac Pherson, James Birdseye. American General. . . . 1828. . 1864 
 
 Macquer, Peter Joseph. French Chemist 1718. .1784 
 
 Macquer, Philip, brother. Historical Writer 1720. .1770 
 
 Macret, Charles Francis Adrian. French Engraver .... 1750. .1783 
 Maciianus. Pretender to the Roman Empire (260-62). . — .. 262 
 M'Crie, Dr. Thomas. Scottish Divine and Historian. . 1772. .1835 
 Macrinus. Roman Emperor (217, April — June, 218)... — .. 218 
 
 Macrinus, Charles. Poet — • • 1572 
 
 Macrinus, or Salmon, John. French Horace. Latin Poet 1490. .1557 
 
 Macrobius. Grammarian ti. Theodosius 
 
 Madach, Emerich. Hungarian Poet — , .1864 
 
 Madan, Rev. Martin. Preacher & Writer. {Thelyphthora) 1726. .1790 
 
 Madan, Spencer. Bishop of Peterborough — . .1813 
 
 Madden, Samuel, d. d., of Dublin. Writer and Benefac- 
 tor. ( Memoirs of the Twentieth Century) 1687 . . 1765 
 
 Maddersteg, Michael. Dutch Painter 1659^ 1 709 
 
 Maddox, Isaac. Bishop of Worcester. Writer 1697.. 1759 
 
 Maderno, Charles. Italian Architect 1556. • 1629 
 
 Maderno, Stephen. Italian Sculptor 1576. . 1636 
 
 Madison, James. Fourth President of the United States 1751 . . 1836 
 Madox, Thomas. Legal Antiquary. {Hist, of Exchequer) — ..1735? 
 
 Madrazo, Joseph y Aguda. Spanish Painter 1781 . . 1859 
 
 Maecenas, C. Cilnius. Rom. Statesman. Patron of Letters 73?. 8 B.C. 
 
 Maerlant, Jacob. Dutch Poet 1235 ? . 1300 
 
 Maes, or Maas, Nicholas. Dutch Painter 1632 . . 1693 
 
 Maestlin, Michael. German Astronomer ^SSo- '1631 
 
 Maffei, Bernardin. Card. Writ, on Cicero, Medals, Inscrip. 1513. .1553 
 Maff ei, Francis Scipio, Marquis. Antiq. ( Verona Illustrata) 1675 • -1755 
 MafTei, John Peter. Jesuit. {L. of Loyola ; Hist, of Indies) 1536. . 1603 
 Maffei, or Maffaeus, Ve^io. Latin Poet. {Epigrams.) 
 
 Life by J. H. Meibomius, 1653 1406. . 1458 
 
 Maffitt, Rev. John Newland. Writer. Life by self i794- • 1850 
 
 Magalhaens, or Magellan, Ferd. de. Port. Navigator 1470?. 1521 
 Magalhaens, John Hyacinth de. Port. Nat. Philosopher 1723. . 1790 
 Magalotti, Lawrence, Count. Philosopher and Mathem. 1637. .1712 
 Maganza, John Baptist, of Vicenza. Historical Painter 1577 . . 1617 
 
 Magati, or Magatus, Caesar. Italian Surgeon i579- • 1647 
 
 Magee, William. Archbp. of Dublin. ( The Atonement) 1765. .1831 
 Magellan, or Magalhaens, Ferd. de. Port. Navigator.. 1470''. 1521 
 Magendie, Francis. French Physician and Physiologist 1783. .1855 
 
 Mageoghegan, James. {History of Ireland) 1702 . . 1764 
 
 Maggi, Charles Mary. Italian Poet 1630 . . 1699 
 
 Maggi, or Magius, Jerome. Venetian Engineer — . .1572 
 
 Magini, or Maginus, John Anthony. Math, and Astron: 1555 . . 1617 
 
 Maginn, William, ll. d. Writer i793. • ^^A^ 
 
 Magistris, Hyacinth de. Italian Missionaiy to India. . . 1605. .1666 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 263 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Magistris, Simon de. Italian Orientalist 1728. . 1802 
 
 Magliabecclii, Anthony, of Florence. Librarian 1633 . .1714 
 
 Magnan, Dominic. Numismatist. ( Ville de Rome) 1731 . .1796 
 
 Magnentius. Roman Emperor (350-53) — .. 353 
 
 Magni, Valerian. Italian Missionary in North Europe. . . 1586?. 1661 
 
 Magnol, Peter. French Botanist . ,'. 1638. .1715 
 
 Magnon, John. French Poet — . . 1662 
 
 Magnus, Albertus. Schoolman. Life by Flaminio 1193 -.1280 
 
 Magnus, John. Archbp. of Upsal. {Historin Gothorum) 1488. .1554 
 Magnus, Olaus, brother. (De Gentibus Septentrionalihus) — ..1568 
 
 Magnusson, Finnur. Icelandic Archaeologist 1781 . . 1847 
 
 Mahmoud, Sultan of Ghizni (997-1030) 967 . . 1030 
 
 Mahmoud I. Sultan of Turkey (1730-54) 1696 . . 1754 
 
 Mahmoud II. (1808-39) 1785 . . 1839 
 
 Mahomet. Arabian Prophet. Life by Abulfeda ; Maracci ; 
 Savary; Sale; Dean Prideaux ; Boulainvilliers; D'Her- 
 belot; John Gagnier, 1748; Godfrey Higgins, 1829; 
 Bush, 1832; Hammer-Purgstall, 1837; Weil, 1843; A. 
 Sprenger, 3851; W. Irving, 1852; W. Muir, 1858; Ar- 
 nold, 1859 ; Daniel Larroque ; Michael Baudier ; F. H. 
 
 Turpin 570 or i .632 
 
 Mahomet I. Sultan of the Turks (1413-21) 1374?. 1421 
 
 Mahomet II. (1451-81.) The Great. Conqueror of 
 
 Constantinople. Life by Guillet 1430 . . 1481 
 
 Mahomet III. (1595-1603) 1564. . 1603 
 
 Mahomet IV. (1649-87) ; defeated by Sobieski 1642 . . 1691 
 
 Mahomet V., or Mahmoud I. (1730-54) 1696. .1754 
 
 Mahomet VI., or Mahmoud IL (1808-39) 1785 . .1839 
 
 Mahudel, Nich. Fr. Antiq. (Monnaies antiq. d^£spagne) iGy^- -^747 
 Mai, Angelo. Cardinal. Tapal Librarian and Scholar. . 1782. .1854 
 
 Maiano, Benedict da. Sculptor and Architect 1424. ■ 1498 
 
 Maiano, Julian da. Italian Sculptor and Architect. . . . 1387. aft. 1470 
 Maier, Michael. German Alchemist and Rosicrusian . . 1568.. 1662 
 Maignan, Emanuel. Mathem. {De PerspeclivdHor arid) 1601. .i6j6 
 Maigrot, Charles. Fr. Miss, to China. (De SinicaRelig.) 1652. .1730 
 
 Maikoff, Basil Ivanovitch. Russian Poet 1725 . .1778 
 
 Mailath, John Nepomuk Joseph. Hung. Poet & Llistorian 1786. . 1855 
 MaiUa, or Maillac, Joseph Anne Mary de Moyrac de. Jes- 
 uit Missionary to China 1670. .1748 
 
 Maillard, Oliver. French Cordelier. Preacher — . .1502 
 
 MaiU6, Urban de. Marquis de Breze. Marshal of France 1597?. 1650 
 
 MaiU6 de Brez6, Simon de. Tridentine Divine 1515- -1597 
 
 Maillebois, J. Bapt. Desmarets, Mqs. of. Marshal of Fr. 1682. .1762 
 Maillet, Benedict de. Fr.Traveler & Diplom. {Telliarned) 1656.. 1738 
 
 Mailly, John Baptist. Historian I744- -1794 
 
 Maimbourg, Louis. Historian 1610.. 1686 
 
 Maimonides, Moses. Rabbi ii3i?.i204 
 
 Maine de Biran, Francis Peter Gouthier. Fr. Metaphys. 1766. .1824 
 Mainfroy, or Manfred, son of Emperor Frederick 11. * 
 
 Prince of Tarentum, King of Naples and Sicily 1233. . 1266 
 
 Maino, Jason del. Italian Jurist 1435 . .1519 
 
 Maintenon, Frances d'Aubign^, Madame de. Life by 
 
 La Beaumelle: 1635 . .1719 
 
 Mamville, Peter. French Politiciau 1765 . . 1792 
 
2G4 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Mainzer, Dr. Joseph. Musical Composer 1801 . . 1851 
 
 Mair, or Major, John. Scottish Divine & Hist, in France 1469. .1550? 
 Mairan, John James d'Ortous de. Natural Philosopher 1678. .1771 
 
 Maire, James le. Dutch Navigator — . . 1616 
 
 Maire, John le. French Poet 1473 . 1 524 or 48 
 
 Maire, — le, of Lyons. Medical Writer — . .1787 
 
 Mairet, John. French Dramatic Writer. {S(^homsbe) 1604.. 1686 
 Maistre, Anthony le. Lawyer and Divine of Port Royal 1608. . 1658 
 Maistre, Joseph, Count de. Ital. Statesman and Author 1753. . 1821 
 
 Maistre, Louis fsaac le. Sacy. Jansenist 161 3. . 1684 
 
 Maistre, Xavier de. French 'Novelist 1763. . 1S52 
 
 Maitland, Sir Frederick Lewis. Rear Admiral i799- -1839 
 
 Maitland, John, Lord. Chancellor of Scot. Latin Poet 1537'. 1595 
 
 Maitland, John, Duke of Lauderdale. Statesman 1616. . 1682 
 
 Maitland, Sir Richard, Lord Lethington. Poet and Col- 
 lector of Poems 1496. . 1586 
 
 Maitland, Wm. Topographical Hist. {Hist, of London) i6g^^. 17 ^7 
 Maittaire, Mich. Philol. & Bibliog. {Annnles Typograph.) 1668.. 1747 
 
 Mains, or May, John Henry. Lutheran Divine 1653. .1719 
 
 Maizeroi, Paul Gideon Joly de. Fr. Officer & Tactician 1719. .1780 
 
 Majo, Francis, or Ciccio di. Musical Composer 1745 • -1774 
 
 Major, or Mair, John. Scotch Divine and Hist, in France 1469. .1550? 
 
 Major, John Daniel. Physician and Naturalist 1634. .1693 
 
 Majoragius, Mark Anthony, of Milan. Class. Comment. 1514. .1555 
 
 Majorianus. Roman Emperor (457-61) — . . 461 
 
 Mako, Paul. Hungarian Jesuit. Promoter of Learning 1723. .1793 
 Makouski, or Maccovius, John. Polish Protestant Divine 1588 . 1644 
 Makrizi, Ahmed al. Arabic Historical Writer at Cairo 1360'. 1442 
 
 Malaclii. Hebrew Prophet fl. 5th c. B.C. 
 
 Malagrida, Gabriel. Ital. Jesuit Miss, to Portugal ; burnt 1689 . . 1 761 
 Malan, Abraham Henry Cassar, d. d. Swiss Theologian 
 
 and Author 1787.. 1864 
 
 Malapert, Charles. Poet and Mathematician 1581 . . 1630 
 
 Malatesti, Anthony. Florentine Poet — . . 1672 
 
 Malaval, Francis, of Marseilles. Mystic. {Lives of Saints) 1627?. 1719 
 
 Malbone, Edward G. American Portrait Painter ^777- ■ 1807 
 
 Malcolm I. King of Scotland (944-52) — . . 952 
 
 Malcolm II. (1003-33) 953^-io33 
 
 Malcolm III. Canmore. (1057-93), son of Duncan.. — ••1093 
 
 MalcolmlV. (1153-65) — ..1165 
 
 Malcolm, James Peller. Artist and Antiquary. {Lon- 
 
 dinium Eedivivum) ". 1760? . 1815 
 
 Malcolm, Sir John. Diplomatist and Writer on India. 
 
 Life by Kaye, 1856 1769- -1833 
 
 Malczewski, or Malczeski, Anthony. Polish Poet 1792?. 1826 
 
 Maldonatus, John. Spanish Jesuit. Commentator i534- 1583 
 
 Malebranclie, Nicholas. Philosopher. Life by Adry. . 1638. .1715 
 Malek-Shah. Sultan of Sel.jukian Turks (1072-92). . . . 1054. .1092 
 Malesherbes, Christian William de Lamoignon de. 
 
 French Lawyer. Life by G. H. Gaillard, 1805 1721. .1794 
 
 Malezieu, Nicholas de. French Mathematician and Poet 1650. .1727 
 
 Malflllastre, James Charles Louis. French Poet 1732. . 1767 
 
 Mallierbe, Francis de. French Poet '. ic 55?. 1628 
 
 Malibran de Beriot, Maria Felicitas. Vocalist 1S08 . . 1836 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 265 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Malingre, Claude. French Historian. (Dignites ffonO" 
 
 raires de France) 1580?. 1653? 
 
 Mallary, Rollin Carlos. Amer. Lawyer and Statesman. 1784. .1831 
 Mallemans, Claude. Fr. Writ. ( L' Ouvragede la Creation) 1653 . . 1 723 
 
 Mallemans, John, brother. (Histoire deVEglise) 1649. .1740 
 
 Mallet, or Malloch, David. Poet & Miscellaneous Writer 1 700'' . 1 765 
 Mallet, Paul Henry. Swiss Historian and Antiquary . . 1730. .1807 
 Mallet du Pan, Jas. Swiss Publicist. ( Mercure Britann. ) 1 749 . . 1 800 
 Mallet Favre, James Andrew, of Geneva. Mathem. . . 1740. .1790 
 
 Mallett, Edmund, Abb6. French Elncyclopsedist I7i3' -1755 
 
 Mallinkrott, Bernard, of Munster. Scholar — . . 1664 
 
 Malmesburyj James Harris, First Earl of. Diplomatist 1746. .1820 
 
 Malmesbury, WiUiam of. Historian 1095' • ii43^ 
 
 Malone, Edmond. Shakespearian Critic 1741 . . 1812 
 
 Malouin, Paul Jas. Fr. Phys. ( Solid and Fluid Bodies) 1 701 . .1778 
 Malpighi, Marcellus. Naturalist, Phys., and Anatomist 1628. .1694 
 
 Maltby, Edward. Bishop of Durham 1770. . 1859 
 
 Malte-brun, Conrad. Poet, Geogr. and Political Writer 1775. .1826 
 Malthus, Rev. Thomas Robert. Writer on Population. 
 
 Life by Bishop Otter 1766. .1834 
 
 Malus, Stephen Louis. Fr. Physicist and Mil. Engineer 1775. .1812 
 Malvasia, Chas. Caesar. (IlisL of the Painters of Bologna) 1616. . 1693 
 Malvezzi, Virgilio, Marquis of. Spanish Statesman. 
 
 Writer on Tacitus 1 599 • • 1654 
 
 Malvoisine, or Mawmoisine, Wm. de. Bp. of St. Andrew's — . . 1238 
 Mambrun, Peter. French Jesuit. Latin Poet. {Ec- 
 logues ; Georgics) 1581 . . 1661 
 
 Mammsea, Julia. Mother of Alexander Severus — . . 235 
 
 Mamun, Abul Abbas Abdallah. Seventh Abbaside Caliph 786.. 833 
 Man, Cornelius de. Dutch Historical & Portrait Painter 1621 . .1706 
 
 Manara, Prosper, Marquis of. Italian Poet i7i4-- 1800 
 
 Manardi, John, of Ferrara. Physician 1462 . .1536 
 
 Manasseh. King of Judah (b. o. 698-643) 710'. 643 b.c. 
 
 Manby, Capt. Geo.Wm. Invent, of Shipwreck Apparatus 1765 . .1854 
 Manchester, Chas. Montagu, 1st Duke of. Ambassador — . .1722 
 Manchester, Sir Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of. Ld. Treas. — . . 1642 
 MancineUi, Anthony. Italian Poet and Orator. ( Silva 
 
 VitcB Slice) 1452. .1506? 
 
 Manco Capac. Inca of Peru — . . 1544 
 
 Mandar, Theoph. Fr. Revolutionist. Poet & Polit. Writ. 1759. .1823 
 MandeviHe, Bernard de. Writer. {Fable of the Bees) . . 1670? . 1 723 
 
 Mandeville, Sir John. Traveler 1300? .1372 
 
 Manes. Philosopher 240 . . 274? 
 
 Manetho. Egyptian Historian fl. B.C. 323-285 
 
 Manetti, Gianozzo. Florentine Orator and Scholar .... 1396. .1459 
 
 Manetti, Rutilio. Italian Painter •. 1571 • • 1639 
 
 Manetti, Xavier. Physician and Botanist of Florence. . 1723. .1785 
 Manfred, or Mainfroy, son of Emperor Frederick II. 
 
 Prince of Tarentum, King of Naples and Sicily 1233. .1266 
 
 Manfredi, Bartholomew. Italian Painter 1574. . 16 17 
 
 Manfredi, Eustace. Ital. Astron. Life by J. P. Zanotti 1674. .1739 
 
 Manfredi, Gabriel. Algebraist 1681 . . 1761 
 
 Mangeart, Thos. {Introduction to the Science of Medals) 1695 . . 1762 
 Manget, John James, of Geneva. Medical W'riter 1652. ,1742 
 
266 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Mangey, Rev. Thomas, d. d. Theological Writer 1684. .1755 
 
 Manigault, Gabriel. American Mercliaut and Revolu- 
 tionary Patriot *I704. • 1781 
 
 Manilius, Marcus. Latin Poet. (Astronomica) ti. Augustus 
 
 Manin, Daniel. Italian Patriot 1804. . 1857 
 
 Manley, John. American Naval Commander i734- • i793 
 
 Manley, Mary. Dramatic and Political Writer 1672''. 1724 
 
 Manlius Capitolinus, Marcus. Deliverer of the Capitol — B.c.384 
 
 Maun, A. T. Flemish Antiquary and Physicist 1740 '.aft. 1802 
 
 Mann, Horace, ll. d. Amer. Educationist & Statesman 1796, .1859 
 
 Manna, John. Italian Scholar — . . 1865 
 
 Manners, John, Marquis of Granby. Soldier 1721 . . 1770 
 
 Mannert, Conrad. Historian and Geographer 1756. . 1834 
 
 Manni, Dominic Mary. Italian Historian 1690. .1788 
 
 Manning, James, d. d. Amer. Clergyman and Educator 1738 . .1791 
 Manning, Rev. Owen. Antiquary arid Topographer ... 1721 . .1801 
 Mannori, Louis. Fr. Advocate. {Memoirs and Pleadings) 16(^6. . 1777 
 Mannozzi, John. Painter of Florence. See Giovanni. . 1590. .1636 
 
 Manny, Sir Walter. Warrior of Edward III — . .1372 
 
 Mannyng, Robt. J)e Brune. Eng. Metrical Chronicler ti.Edw.L& II. 
 
 Manrique, George. Spanish Poet 1420?. 1485? 
 
 Mansard, or Mansart, Francis. French Architect 1598. . 1666 
 
 Mansard, Jules Hardouin, nephew. Architect 1645 . . 1708 
 
 Mansell, William Lort. Bishop of Bristol. Wit 17^0?. 1820 
 
 Mansfeld, Ernest, Count of. Anti-Austrian General 1505 • • 1626 
 
 Mansfeld, Peter Ernest, Ct. of. Ger. Statesman and Gen. 151 7. . 1604 
 Mansfield, William Murray, Earl of. Ld. Chief Justice 1705. .1793 
 Mansi, John Dominic. Italian Bishop and Antiquary . . 1692. .1769 
 Manso, John Baptist. Ital. Poet and Patron of Learning 1561 . . 1645 
 Manstein, Christopher Herman de. Russian General. 
 
 {Memoirs of Russia) 171 1. .1757 
 
 Mant, Richard. Bishop of Down. Commentator 1776. .1848 
 
 Mantegna, Andrew. Painter 1431 . .1506 
 
 Mantell, Gideon Algernon, ll. d. Geologist I79P- • 1852 
 
 Mantica, Francis. Italian Writer i534- • 1614 
 
 Manton, Dr. Thomas. Ejected Nonconformist Divine. . 1620. .1677 
 
 Mantuan, Baptist. Italian Latin Poet 1448 . . 1516 
 
 Mantuan, George. Ghisi. Ital. Painter and Engraver . 1 5 20 '. aft. 1 5 77 
 Manuel I. Comnenus. Emperorof the East(1143-80). . ii2o''.ii8o 
 
 Manuel II. Falceologus. Emperor of the East 1349?. 1425 
 
 Manuel, Francis. Portuguese Poet i734- • 1819 
 
 Manuel, James Anthony. French Politician 1775 • • 1827 
 
 Manuel, Nicholas. Deutsch. Swiss Reform., Paint. & Poet 1484 . . 1 530 
 Manuel, Peter Louis. French Politician; guillotined .. 1751..1793 
 
 Manutius, or Manuzio, Aldus, the elder. Printer i449- .1515 
 
 Manutius, Aldus, junior. Printer and Writer 1547 . .1597 
 
 Manutius, Paul. Printer and Latin Scholar 1511..1574 
 
 Manwood, Sir Roger. Chief Baron. Writ, on Forest Laws 1525 . . 1 593 
 Manzo, orManso{5.v.),J. Bapt., of Naples. {L.ofTasso) 1561..1645 
 
 Manzoli, John. Italian Singer — -.1791 
 
 ManzoUi. Palingenius Stellatus. Latin Poet. {Zodia~ 
 
 cus Vitce) fl. 1 500? 
 
 Manzuoli, Thomas. Da San Friano. Italian Painter. . 1536. -1575 
 Mapes, James W. American Agricultural Writer — . . 1865 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 267 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Mapes, or Map, Walter. Eng. Poet and Prose Writ. 1 150 -'.aft.! 196 
 
 Maphseus, Vegius. Latin Poet. See Maffei 1406. .1458 
 
 Mapletoffc, Dr. John. Medical and Theological Writer. . 1631..1721 
 Mar, John Erskine, Eleventh Earl of. Scottish Jacobite 1671. .1732 
 
 Mara, Madame Elizabeth. German Singer i749- • 1833 
 
 Maracci, John. Italian Historical Painter 1637 . . 1704 
 
 Maracci, Louis. Italian Orientalist; Editor of Koran . . 1612. .1700 
 
 Marais, Marin. Musical Composer 1656. . 1728 
 
 Maraldi, James Philip. Mathematician and Astronomer 1665 . . 1729 
 Marana, John Paul. Italian Writer. { Turkish Spy) ... 1642^ . iSg^ 
 
 Maranta, Bartholomew. Italian Botanist — . .1554 
 
 Marat, John Paul. French Revolutionist i744- -1793 
 
 Maratti, Charles. Italian Painter 1625 . .1715 
 
 Marbach, John. Prot. Div. {Fides Jesus et Jesuitnrum) — ..1581 
 Marbeck, John. Sacred Composer. {Lives of Saints) . . — --isSs 
 
 Marc Anthony. Engraver. See Eaimondi 1475?. 1534 
 
 Marca, Peter de. French Bishop. {De Concordia) i594- • 1662 
 
 Marceau, Francis Severin Desgiaviers. French General 1769. . 1796 
 
 Marcel. Painter of Frankfort 1628 . . 1683 
 
 Marcel, John Joseph. French Orientalist 1776. . 1854 
 
 Marcel, William. French Writer 1612?. 1702 
 
 Marcel, William. Fr. Chronol. {OriginofFr. Monarchy) 1647 . .170S 
 
 Marcellinus. Bishop of Rome (296-304) — . . 304 
 
 Marcellinus. Count of Illyria. Chronicler — . . 468 
 
 Marcellinus, Ammianus. Soldier and Historian — . . 390? 
 
 Marcello, Benedict. Italian Musical Composer 1686. .1739 
 
 MarceUus I. Bishop of Rome (308-10) — . . 310 
 
 MarceUus II. (1555) 1501..1555 
 
 MarceUus, Donatus. Italian Physician fl. i6thc. 
 
 MarceUus, Empiricus, of Bordeaux. Medical Writer . . — aft. 408 
 MarceUus, Marcus Claudius. Conqueror of Syracuse. 270?. 208 B.C. 
 MarceUus, M. Claudius, nephew of Augustus (^n. VI.) 43.23 B.C. 
 Marcet, Alexander. Physician and Natural Philosopher 1770. . 1822 
 
 Marcet, Mrs. Jane. Scientific Writer 1769. . 1858 
 
 Marchand, John Louis. French Organist 1669. .1732 
 
 Marchand, Prosper. Bibliographer 1675 . .1756 
 
 Marchant, James, of Couvin. Divine — . . 1648 
 
 Marche, Oliver de la. Burgundian Writer 1426?. 1502 
 
 Marchetti, Alexander. Poet and Mathematician 1633. .1714 
 
 Marchettis, Peter de. Italian Physician and Anatomist 1593. .1673 
 
 Marchi, Francis. Italian Military Engineer 1506?. 1599 
 
 Marchmont, Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3d Earl of. Polit. 1708. .1794 
 
 Marcianus. Roman Emperor of the East (450-57) 388?. 457 
 
 MarcUius, Theodore. German Critic 1548 .. 161 7 
 
 Marcion. Heresiarch fl. 2d c. 
 
 Marco Polo. Venetian Traveler 1256?. 1323 
 
 Marcus AureUus Antoninus. Emperor (161-80) 121 .. 180 
 
 Marcy, William Learned. American Statesman 1786. . 1857 
 
 Mardonius. Persian General in Greece — B.c.479 
 
 Mare, Nicholas de la. Magistrate. ( Traite de la Police) 1639. .1723 
 
 Mare, Philibert de la. Latin Historical Writer 1615 . . 1687 
 
 Mare, William de la. French Latin Poet fl. 1514 
 
 Mar6clial, or Mareschal, Peter Silvan. {Diet, of Atheists) 1750. . 1803 
 Marenzio, Luke. Italian Musical Composer iSSo- • '599 
 
268 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Marets, Roland des. Maresius. Fr. Advoc. { Latin Letters) 1594.. 1653 
 Marets, Samuel de. Little Preacher. Prot. Controv.. . 1599. .1663 
 
 Marets de Sorlin, John des. Anti-Jansenist 1595 . . 1676 
 
 Margaret. Queen of Scotland, sister of Edgar Atheling 1046'. 1093 
 Margaret. Queen of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. 
 
 ISemiramis of the Nwth i353 • • 1412 
 
 Margaret, of Anjou. Queen of Eng., wife of Henry VI. 1429. .1482 
 Margaret, of Austria. Governess of the Netherlands. . . 1480'''. 1530 
 Margaret, of France. Queen of England, wife of Ed- 
 ward I. (1299-1307) — ..1317 
 
 Margaret, of France, daughterofHen.il. Qu. of Navarre 1552. .1615 
 Margaret, of Parma. Regent of Netherlands under 
 
 Philip II. of Spain 1522. .1586 
 
 Margaret, of Provence. Queen of France, wife of Louis 
 
 IX. (1234-70) 1221 . . 1295 
 
 Margaret, of Valois - Angoul^me. Sister of Francis I. 
 
 Queen of Navarre 1492. -1549 
 
 Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond, mother of 
 
 Henry VII 1441..1509 
 
 Margarita de I'Erpine, Frances. Singer — . . 1 740 
 
 Margaritone d'Arezzo. Italian Painter 1212. .1289? 
 
 Marggraf, Andrew Sigismond. German Chemist 1709- .1782 
 
 Margon,Wm. Plantavit de la Pause, Abb^ de. Hist. Writ. 1685 '^ 1760 
 
 Margunio, Massineo. Greek Poet and Printer 1522?. 1602 
 
 Marheineke, Philip Conrad. German Theologian 1780. .1846 
 
 Maria Louisa. Empress of France 1791 • • 1847 
 
 Maria Theresa, of Austria, wife of Louis XIV. of France 1638. . 1683 
 Maria Theresa. Queen of Hungary and Empress of Ger. 1 7 1 7 . . 1 780 
 
 Mariamne, wife of Herod the Great — b.c. 28 
 
 Mariana, John de. Spanish Historian. {De Rege) 1536. . 1623 
 
 Marianus Scotus. Scottish Monk and Chronicler 1028. .1086 
 
 Marie Antoinette. Queen of France. Life by Madame 
 
 Gurnard; E. and J. de Goncourt, 1859 I755-.I793 
 
 Marie Louise, d'Orleans. Queen of Spain. Life by 
 
 Madame S. Gay, 1722-23 1662. . 1689 
 
 Mariette, Peter John. French Amateur in Art 1694. .1774 
 
 Marignan, John James Medichino, Marquis de. Ital. Gen. 1497. .1555 
 Marigny, Francis Augier de. Fr. Orient. ( Hist, des Arabes ) — . . 1 762 
 Marigny, James Carpentier de. French Wit and Writer — . .1670 
 
 Marin, Michael Angelo. French Novelist 1697 . . 1 767 
 
 Marinella, Lucretia. Venetian Poet. (Life of the Virgin) 15 71,. 1653 
 Marini, John Baptist. II Cavaliere. Ital. Poet. (J.rfone) 1569. .1625 
 
 Marino Falieri. Doge of Venice 1278. . 1355 
 
 Marinoni, John James. Mathematician and Astronomer 1676. -1755 
 
 Marinus I. Pope (882-84). See Martin II — . . 884 
 
 Marinus n. (942-46.) See Martin III — . . 946 
 
 Mario Nuzzi, or de' Fiori. Painter of Flowers & Landsc. 1603. . 1673 
 Marion, Francis. American Revolutionary'' Officer ..... 1 732 . . 1 795 
 Mariotte, Edmund. Mathematician and Experim. Philos. — . . 1684 
 
 Marischal, George Keith, Earl. Scottish Jacobite 1668?. 175 1 
 
 Marius, Caius. Roman Dictator 157 . 86 b.c. 
 
 Marlus, Leonard. Dutch Theologian. (Pentateuch)... —..1628 
 Marivaux, Peter Carlet de Chamblain de. French Dram- 
 atist and Novelist 1688. .1763 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 269 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Mai^orie, Pet. Infant Genius. See Fleming 1803 . . 1811 
 
 Mark, St. Evangelist ist c. 
 
 Mark. Bishop of Rome (336, Jan. 18-Oct. 7) — • • 33^ 
 
 Markham, Gervase. Poet and Georgic Writer 1570?. 1655? 
 
 Markland, Abraham. Divine and Poet 1645 . . 1 730 
 
 Markland, James Henry, Antiquary 1787?. 1864 
 
 Markland, Jeremiah. Critic 1693 -^77^ 
 
 Marlborougli, John Churchill, Duke of. Life by Lediard, 
 
 1736; Life by order of Napoleon I., 1808; Coxe, 1818; 
 
 Bucke, 1839; C G. Simon, 1841; Alison, 1852 1650. .1722 
 
 Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, Duchess of. Life by C. 
 
 G. Simon, 1841 1660. .1744 
 
 Marlorat, Augustine. Protestant Convert & Theologian 1506. . 1562 
 
 Marlowe, Christopher. Poet 1564. -1593 
 
 Marmion, Shakerley. Poet and Dramatist 1602. . 1639 
 
 Marmont, Augustus Frederick Louis Viesse de, Duke of 
 
 Ragusa. Marshal of France 1 774 . . 1852 
 
 Marmontel, John Francis. French Writer 1723. .1799 
 
 Marnix, Philip van. Calvin ist Writer and Diplomatist. 
 
 Defender of Antwerp 1538. .1598 
 
 Maro. Founder of the Maronites — . . 707 
 
 Marolles, Michael de. Classical Scholar & Print Collector 1600. . 1681 
 
 Marot, Clement. French Poet 1495 . .1544 
 
 Marot, Francis. French Painter 1667. .1719 
 
 Marot, John. French Poet 1463. • 152^ 
 
 Marozia. Roman Beauty and Intriguer — . . 930 
 
 Marpvirg, Frederick William. German Musical Writer 171 8. .1795 
 
 Marquard Freher. German Historian 1565 . . 1614 
 
 Marquet, Francis Nicholas. Fr. Physician and Botanist 1687. .1759 
 Marquette, James. Explorer of the Mississippi River. . . 1637. .1675 
 Marracci, Louis. Italian Orientalist. Editor of Koran 161 2. .1700 
 
 Marrast, Armand. French Political Writer 1802. . 1852 
 
 Marrier, Martin, of Cluni. {Bibliutheca Cluniacensls) . . . 1572. . 1644 
 
 Marryat, Frederick. Captain r. n. Naval Novelist 1792. . 1848 
 
 Mars, Anne Frances Hyppolyte Boutet. French Actress 1778. .1847 
 Marsais, Caesar Chesneaji du. French Grammarian .... 1676. .1756 
 
 Marsden, Samuel. Apostle of New Zealand 1764. . 1838 
 
 Marsden, William, d. c. l. Orientalist and Antiquary. 1754. . 1836 
 
 Marsh, Herbert, D. D. Bishop of Peterborough 1758. .1839 
 
 Marsh, James. American Scholar i794- • 1847 
 
 Marsh, Narcissus. Archbishop of Armagh 1638. .1713 
 
 Marsh, William, d. d. Divine 1775 . . 1864 
 
 Marshal, Walter. Nonconformist Divine. {Sanctiji cation) — ..1690? 
 Marshall, John. American Chief Justice and Writer. 
 
 {Life of Washington) 1755 . . 1835 
 
 Marshall, Nathaniel, D. D. Dean of Windsor. Divine — ••^73°' 
 
 Marshall, Thomas. Saxonist and Orientahst 1621 . . 1685 
 
 Marshall, William Humphrey. Agricultural Writer ... 1745 . . 1818 
 
 Marsham, Sir John. Historian and Chronologist 1602. .1685 
 
 Marshman, James. American Missionary and Orientalist 1 799 . . 1837 
 Marshman, Joshua, d. d. Baptist Missionary in India. 
 
 Life by John C Marshman 1767'. 1837 
 
 Marsigli, Louis Ferdinand, Count. Italian Naturalist . . 1658. .1730 
 Marsilius, of Padua. See Menandrino — . . 1328 
 
270 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 MarsoUier, James. French Historical Writer 1647 . .1724 
 
 Marston, John. Dramatist — aft.1633 
 
 Marsy, Balthasar, of Cambray. Sculptor 1624. . 1674 
 
 Marsy, Francis Maria de. Historical Writer 1714- -^7^3 
 
 Marsy, Caspar. Sculptor 1628. . 1681 
 
 Martel, Charles. Mayor of the Palace. Duke of Austrasia 694.. 741 
 
 Martelidre, Peter de la. French Advocate — . . 1631 
 
 Martelli, Louis. Italian Poet. ( Tullia) 1499. • 1527 
 
 Martelli, Peter James. Italian Poet and Writer 1665 . .1727 
 
 Martene, Edmund. Benedictine of St. Maur. Histori- 
 cal Collector '. 1654. .1739 
 
 Martens, George Frederick von. German Diplomatist. . 1756. . 1821 
 
 Martens, Thierry. Flemish Printer 1453?. 1534 
 
 MartiaL Roman Epigrammatist 43. . 104? 
 
 Martial d'Auvergne. Fr. Poet. ( F«^t7e5 c7e CAos. F//.) 1440?. 1508 
 Martianay, John. French Benedictine. Biblical Writer 1647. .1717 
 Martignac, John Baptist Silv6re Algay, Viscount de. 
 
 French Statesman ; . . 1776. . 1832 
 
 Martignac, Stephen Algai, Sieur de. Class. Translator i62oor 8. 1698 
 
 Martiliere, Count de la. French Artillerist — . . 1819 
 
 Martin, St. Bp. of Tours (371-97). Life by N. Gervaise 316. . 397 
 Martin. Missionary & Bishop in Sp. ( Collectio Canonum) — . . 583 
 
 Martin I. Pope (649-55). Saint and Martyr — . . 655 
 
 Martin II. (882-84), sometimes called Marinus I. — . . 884 
 
 Martin III. (942-46), or Marinus II. — . . 946 
 
 Martin IV. (1281-85.) Simon de Brie — ..1285 
 
 Martin V. (1417-31.) Otho Cohnna 1368. . 1431 
 
 Martin, of Poland. Chronicler. {Chronicleof the Popes) — ..1278 
 
 Martin, Benjamin. Mathematician and Optician 1704- .1782 
 
 Martin, Bernard. French Advocate and Critic i574- • 1639 
 
 Martin, Claude. Colonel. Founder of La Martiniere Coll. 1732.. 1800 
 
 Martin, David. French Protestant Divine 1639. .1721 
 
 Martin, Francis Xavier. American Jurist and Author. . 1764. .1846 
 
 Martin, Gregory. Roman Catholic Writer — . .1582 
 
 Martin, James, of St. Maur. Hist., Theol., Antiquary. . 1684. .1751 
 
 Martin, John. Painter. ( The Last Jvdgmpnt) 1789 . . 1854 
 
 Martin, Louis Aime. French Wi-iter and Critic 1782. . 1847 
 
 Martin, Sarah. English Philanthropist 1791 . . 1843 
 
 Martin, Thomas. Antiquary. {Monumenta Anglicana). iSg?. .1771 
 Martin, William. Naturalist. {Petrijicata Derbiensia) 1767 . .1810 
 
 Martin, W. C L. Writer on Natural History 1798?. 1864 
 
 Martindale, Adam. Nonconformist Divine and Mathem. — ..1700 
 Martine, George. Medical and Philosophical Writer. . . 1702. .1743 
 Martineau, Isaac. Jesuit, of Angers. Devotional Writer 1640 . . 1720 
 Martini, John Bapt. Padre. Comp. {Stor.dellaMusica) 1706. .17S4 
 
 Martini, Joseph San. Italian Musical Composer — . .1750 
 
 Martini, Martin. Jesuit Missionary to China 1614.". 1661 
 
 Martini, Vincent, of Madrid. Musical Composer ^7S4- • 1810 
 
 Martiniere, Anthony Augustus Bruzen de la. Historical 
 
 and Geographical Writer 1684. .1749 
 
 Martinius, Matthias. German Prot. Divine and Philol. 1572. .1630 
 
 Martino, Simon di. Memmi. Italian Painter 1284. . 1344 
 
 Martirelli. Italian Landscape Painter 1670 . . 1 720 
 
 Martos, Ivan Petrovitch. Russian Sculptor i755 ''• 1835 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 271 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Martyn, Henry. Lawyer. Writer in the Spectator .... — . .1721 
 Martyn, Rev."^Henry. Missionary. L. by Sargent, 1819 1781. .1812 
 Majtyn, John. Botanist. Translator of the Geologies. . . 1699. .1768 
 Maityn, Thos. Antiq. and Nat. (Plantce Cantabrigienses) 1735 • • ^^25 
 
 Martyr, Justin. Christian Apologist 103''. 167? 
 
 Mart3rr, Peter. Ital. Diplomatist. {Be E^usHispanicis) 14^^. .1^26 
 
 Martyr, Peter. Protestant Reformer 1500 . . 1562 
 
 Marucelli, John Stephen. Italian Painter 1586. . 1646 
 
 Marullus, Michael Tarchaniotes. Greek Scholar in Italy — ..1500 
 
 Maxvell, Andrew. Political Writer 1620 . . 1678 
 
 Marville, Vigneul de. See Argonne 1640?. 1704 
 
 Mary I. Queen of England 1516..1558 
 
 Mary II. Queen of England. Life by Dr. Jebb 1662. .1694 
 
 Mary. Queen of Hungary, sister of Emperor Charles V., 
 
 Governess of the Low'Countries (1531-55) — • • 1558 
 
 Mary, of Anjou, wife of Charles VII. of France 1404 . . 1463 
 
 Mary> Heiress of Burgundy. Wife of Maximilian i457- • 1482 
 
 Mary, of Cleves, Princess of Cond6 1556. .1574 
 
 Mary, of England, daughter of Henry VII 1497 . . 1534 
 
 Mary, de' Medici. Queen of Henry IV. of France. Life 
 
 by MissPardoe i573- .1642 
 
 Mary Beatrix, d'Este, wife of James II. of England 1658. .1718 
 
 Mary Stuart. Queen of Scots. Life by Dr. Samuel Jebb, 
 
 1725; F. M. de Marsy; Miss Benger, 1823; G. Conei, 
 
 or Cowne; Bell, 1831; Buckingham, 1844; Mignet. 
 
 1854 ; Ryan, 1857 .' 1542. . 1587 
 
 Masaccio. Tommaso Guidi. Painter 1402?. 1443 
 
 Masaniello. Tommaso Anniello. Neapol. Revolutionist 1623. .1646 
 
 Mascagni, Paul. Itahan Anatomist 1752. .1815 
 
 Mascardi, Augustin. Italian Writer, {DeW Arte Istorica) 1591. .1640 
 Mascaron, Julius. French Preacher. {Funeral Orations) 161,4. .i-jo-^ 
 Mascheroni, Lawrence. Math. {Geometria del Compasso) 17^0. .1800 
 Masclef, Francis. French Theologian and Orientalist . . 1662. .1728 
 Mascov, or Mascou, John James. German Publicist . . . 1689. .1762 
 
 Mascrier, John Baptist de. Abbe. Writer 1697. .1760 
 
 Masdeu, John Francis. Spanish Jesuit. {Historia Critica 
 
 de Espaiia) 1740. . 1817 
 
 Masenius, or Masen, James. German Jesuit 1606. . 1681 
 
 Maseres, Francis. Baron of Exch. Writer and Mathem. 1731 . . 1824 
 
 Masham, Mrs. Abigail. Favorite of Queen Anne 1670?. 1734 
 
 Masham, Damaris, Lady. Scholar 1658 . . 1 708 
 
 Masi, Simon, or del Pollajuolo, which see i454- -1509 
 
 Masinissa. King of Numidia 239 . 149 b.c. 
 
 Masius, Andrew. Dutch Philologist and Theologian . . . 1526. .1573 
 
 Maskeleyne, Nevil. Astronomer 1732. . 1811 
 
 Masolino da Panicale. Italian Painter 1378?. 1415? 
 
 Mason, Francis. Divine. ( Vindicke EccledcB AnglicaiKB) 1566. . 1621 
 
 Mason, George. American Statesman 1726. .1792 
 
 Mason, George. Miscellaneous Writer 1735 • • 1806 
 
 Mason, Jeremiah. American Jurist and Statesman 1768. . 1848 
 
 Mason, Sir John. Statesman 1500. .1566 
 
 Mason, John. Mihtary Officer of Connecticut Colonv . , 1600. . 1672 
 Mason, John. Nonconformist Divine. ( Self- Knowledge) 1 706 . . 1 763 
 Mason, John Mitchell, d. d. American Divine 1770. . 1829 
 
272 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Mason, Rev. William. Poet and Divine 1725 . . 1797 
 
 Masoudi, Aboul Hassan Ali. Arab. Geogr. & Historian — . . 956? 
 Masque de Fer, or Iron Mask. Unknown Prisoner. ... — . .1703 
 
 Massac, John Baptist. French Painter 1687 . . 1 767 
 
 Massari, Lucio. Historical Painter 1569 ' . 1633 
 
 Massaria, Alexander. Italian Phys. (Pracfe'ca Jferfica) 1528?. 1598 
 
 Massasoit. Indian Sachem — . . 1661 
 
 Mass6na, Andr^, Duke of Rivoli. French Marshal 1758. .1817 
 
 Masseville, Louis de Vavasseur de. {History and Geog- 
 raphy of Normandy) 1667 . . 1 733 
 
 Massieu, John. Deaf Mute and Educator 1772. . 1846 
 
 Massieu, Wm. Fr. Jesuit. {Hist, de la Foesie Frangoise) 1665 . . 1722 
 
 Massillon, John Baptist. French Preacher 1663. . 1742 
 
 Massinger, Philip. Dramatic Poet 1584. . 1640 
 
 Massolino. Italian Painter. See Masolino 1378?. 141 5? 
 
 Masson, Anthony. French Engraver 1636. .1700 
 
 Masson, Francis. Scottish Botanist 1741 • • 1805 
 
 Masson, John. Fr. Prot. in Holland. Biogr. and Critic — ..1750' 
 Masson, John Papirius. French Historical Writer. .... 1544. .1611 
 
 Massuet, Ren6. Benedictine of St. Maur 1665 . . 1716 
 
 Mastelleta, II. John Andrew Donducci. Painter 1575 .. 1655 
 
 Master, or Masters, Thomas. Poet and Historian 1600. . 1643 
 
 Masters, Joseph. London Publisher i795'- ^863 
 
 Mastlin, or Maestlin, Michael. German Astronomer . . . 1550. .1631 
 
 Masudi. Arabian Scholar and Author — . . 956 
 
 Matanij Anthony Mary. Italian Medical Writer 1730- .1799 
 
 Maternus de Cilano, George Christian. Natural Phi- 
 losopher and Archaeologist — • • 1 773 
 
 Matham, Jacob. Dutch Engraver and Painter 1571..1631 
 
 Mather, Dr. Cotton. Divine. {Magnalia) 1663. .1728 
 
 Mather, Increase, d.d. American Divine and Historian 1639. .1723 
 Mathe'w, Theobald. Apostle of Temperance. Life by 
 
 J. F. Maguire, 1863 1790. .1856 
 
 Mathews, Charles. Comedian 1776. . 1835 
 
 Mathews, George. American Jurist 1774. • 1836 
 
 Mathias. Emperor of Germany (1612-19) i557- • 1619 
 
 Mathias, Christian. Ger. Philos.'^& Div. {Hist. Patriarch.) 1584?. 1655 
 Mathias, Thomas James. Satirist. {Pursuits of Lit.). . ly^iy. .182,$ 
 Mathon de la Cour, Charles Joseph. French Writer . . 1738. .1793 
 Mathon de la Cour, James, of Lyons. Natural Philos. 1712. .1770 
 Matilda, of Flanders. Wife of William the Conqueror — . . . 1083 
 
 Matilda, Countess of Tuscany 1046. .1115 
 
 Matilda, or Maude, of Scot. Wife of Henry I. of Eng. — . .1118 
 
 Matilda, or Maud, daughter of Henry I. Empress 1 102?. 1 167 
 
 Matsys, Metsys, or Messys, Quintin. ' Dutch Painter. . . 1460. .1529 
 
 Mattathias. Jewish Priest and Patriot — B.C. 166 
 
 Mattei, Paul da. Paoluccio. Neapolitan Painter 1662. .1728 
 
 Mattheson, John. German Musical Composer 1681 . .1764 
 
 Matthew, St. One of the Twelve Apostles istc. 
 
 Matthew of 'Westminster. English Historian fl. 14th c. 
 
 Matthew Paris. English Historian .- — . . 1259 
 
 Matthew, Tobias. Archbishop of York 1546. . 1628 
 
 Matthew, Sir Tobias, son. Writer; conformed to Rome 1578. .1655 
 Matthews, George. American Soldier and Statesman. . 1739. .1812 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 273 
 
 BOnN. DIED. 
 
 Matthews, Thomas. Admiral 1681 . .1751 
 
 Matthise, Augustus Henry. Philologist. ( Greeh Gram.) 1769. . 1835 
 Matthias. Emperor of Germany (1612-19). See Mathias 1557 . . 1619 
 Matthias. Robert Matthews. A mer. Religious Impostor 1790 '^ 18 
 
 Matthias Oorvinus. King of Hungary (1458-90) 1443.. 1490; 
 
 Matthieu, Peter. French Historian and Poet 1563- • 1621 
 
 Matthiolus, Peter Andrew. Ital. Bot. ( On DioscoHdes) 1500 . . 1C77 
 Matthisson, Frederick von. German Poet. (Adelaide) 1761. .la^^ 
 
 Matti, Emanuel. Spanish Poet 1663 . .1737 
 
 Mattocks, Isabella. Actress 1746. • 1826 
 
 Maturin, Rev. Chas. Robt. Irish Dram., Poet, and Nov. 1782. . 1824 
 
 Matiirino. Florentine Painter 1490? . i5'27? 
 
 Maty, Matthew. Dutch Phvsician and Writer in English 1718 . . 1776 
 
 Maty, Paul Henry, son. Writer in England i745 • •'^7^7 
 
 Maueroix, Francis de. French Translator 16x9. .1708 
 
 Maudslay, Henry. Mechanist 1771 . . 1831 
 
 Maudslay, Thomas Henry. Mechanical Engineer 1792?. 1864 
 
 Mauduit, Israel. English Political Writer 1708 . .1787 
 
 Mauduit, Michael. French Divine 1644. .1709 
 
 Maunder, Samuel. Compiler. (Biographical Treasury) lygo'-.iS/^g 
 
 Maundrell, Rev. Henry. Traveler 1650-'' .1710? 
 
 Maupertuis, Peter Louis Moreau de. French Geometri- 
 cian and Astronomer 1698 . . 1 759 
 
 Maupin, Madame la. French Singer and Adventuress. . 1673. .1707 
 
 Maur, St. Disciple of Benedict — . . 584? 
 
 Maur, Charles de. Spanish Mathematician and Engineer — . .1785 
 Maure, Mademoiselle Catherine Nicole le. Singer. . . . 1704.att.1762 
 Maurepas, John Fred. Phelypeaux, Ct. de. Statesman 1701. .1781 
 
 Maurice. Emperor of th.e East (582-602) 539. . 602 
 
 Maurice. Elector of Saxony. Protestant Prince. 1521. .1553 
 
 Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, son of William 
 
 the Silent. Life by Isaac Commelin, 1651 1567. . 1625 
 
 Maurice, Thomas. Orientalist. (History of Hindostan; 
 
 Memoirs ; Poems) i754- • 1824 
 
 Mauriceau, Francis. Surgeon and Accoucheur — . .1709 
 
 Maurolico, Francis, of Messina. Mathematician i494- -1575 
 
 Manrus Terentianus. Latin Poet and Grammarian. . . fl. 100? 
 
 Maury, John Siflrein. Cardinal 1746- . 1817 
 
 Maussac, Philip James. French Critic 1590''. 1650 
 
 MauvHIon, James. German Writer ^743- • ^794 
 
 Mavor, Rev. William, ll. d. Writer and Compiler 1758. . 1837 
 
 Mawe, John. Conchologist. ( Travels in Brazil) 1764. . 1829 
 
 Mawmoisine, or Malvoisine,Wm. de. Bp. of St. Andrew's — . .1238 
 
 Maxcy, Jonathan, d. d. American Divine 1768 . . 1820 
 
 Maxentius. Roman Emperor (306-12) — .. 312 
 
 Maximian I. Roman Emperor (286-305) 250. . 310 
 
 Maximian II., or Galerius. Roman Emperor (305-11). . — .-311 
 
 Maximilian I. Emperor of Germany (1493-1519) 1459. .1519 
 
 Maximilian II. (1564-76) 1527. .1576 
 
 Maximilian II. King of Bavaria (1848-64) 1811 . .1864 
 
 Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria. Great. Victor of Prague 1573. .1651 
 
 Maximilian Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria 1662. .1726 
 
 Maximilian Joseph, Elector of Bavaria (1746-77) — . .1777 
 
 Ma x imilian Joseph, First King of Bavaria 1756. . 1825 
 
 18 
 
274 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Maximin I. Roman Emperor (235—38) — , . 238 
 
 Maximin II. Roman Emperor (308-13) — . . 313 
 
 Maximus Magnus Clemens. Rom. Emperor (383-88) — . . 388? 
 
 Maximus Petronius. Roman Emperor (455) 395' • 455 
 
 Maximus Tyrius. Greek Rhetorician and Piiilosopher tl. 2d c. 
 Maxim.us Verrucosus, QuintusFabius. Cunctator. Ro- 
 man General against Hannibal — B.C. 203 
 
 Maxwell, Sir Murray, Captain, r. n. Navigator 1766. . 1 " 
 
 MaxweU, Robert, Lord. Scottish Statesman — , 
 
 MaxweU, Wm. HamiUon. Writer. {Life of Wellington) I'jgz^ . 
 
 May, John. Bishop of Carlisle — . 
 
 May, Louis du. French Protestant Historian — . 
 
 May, Thomas. Poet and Historian. ( Supjilement to Lu- 
 
 can ; History of Parliament) 1594'- ■ 
 
 May, William. Archbishop elect of York — . . : 
 
 Mayenne, Chas. of Lorraine, Duke of. Head of League 1554. . 
 Mayer, John Fred. Lutheran Divine and Commentator 1650. . 
 
 Mayer, or Mayr, John Simon. Musical Composer 1763''. 
 
 Mayer, John Tobias. German Astronomer ^723. . 
 
 Mayerne, Sir Theodore Turquet de. Swiss Physician 
 
 and Chemist i573- • 
 
 Mayhew, Jonathan, d. d. Amer. Clergjinan and Writer 1720, . 
 
 Maynard, Francis. French Poet 1582 . . 
 
 Maynard, Sir John. Lawyer and Patriot 1602 . . 
 
 Mayne, Jaspar. Poet and Divine 1604 . . 
 
 Maynwaring, Authur. Polit. and Miscellaneous Writer 1668 . . 
 Mayo, Herbert, m. d. Hydropathic Physician. ( Cold 
 
 Water Cure) — . . 
 
 Mayo, Richard. Nonconformist Divine — . . 
 
 Mayow, John. Physician and Physiologist 1645 . . 
 
 Mayr, John Simon. German Musical Composer 1763''. 
 
 Mazarin, Julius. Cardinal. Life by T. Renaudot; A. 
 
 Aubery, 1751 1602. . 
 
 Mazeline, Peter. French Sculptor . .' 1633. . 
 
 Mazeppa, John. Cossack Hetman, celebrated by Byron 1644. . 
 Mazois, Francis. French Architect and Archaeologist. 
 
 (Euines de Pompeii) i7^3- • 
 
 Angelo. Italian Poet 1741 . . 
 
 Mazzinghi, Joseph, Count. English Musical Composer 1768,. 
 
 Mazzochi, Alexius Symmachus. Italian Antiquary 1684, . 
 
 Mazzolini, Louis. IlFerrarese. Painter 1481''. 
 
 MazzuccheUi, John Mary, Count. Italian Jurist, Anti- 
 quary, and Biographer. {Notizle Historiche) 1707. . 
 
 MazzuccheUi, Peter Francis. Morazzone. Ital. Painter 1571 . . 
 
 Mazzuoli, Francis. IlParmigiano. Painter 1503. . 
 
 Mead, Matthew. Nonconf. Divine. {EzekieVs Wheels) i62g . . 
 Mead, Richard, m. d. Phys. Life by Matth. Maty, 1755 1673. • 
 Meade, William, d. d. Amer. Episc. Bishop and Writer 1789, . 
 Meadowbank, Alexander Maconochie Welwood, Lord. 
 
 Scottish Judge I777- • 
 
 Meadowcourt, Richard. Divine. Annotator of Milton 1697. . 
 M6chain, Peter Francis Andrew. French Mathematician 
 
 and Astronomer 1 774 . . : 
 
 Mechitar, or Mekhltar. Reviver of Learning in Armenia 1676 . . ] 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 275 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Meckenen, Mekenen, or Mecheln, Israel von. Gold- 
 smith, Engraver, and Painter — . . 1 503 
 
 Mede, Joseph. Divine. ( Clavis Apocalyptica) 1586. . 1638 
 
 Medhurst, Walter Henrj'. Eng. Orient, and Missionary 1796. . 1857 
 Medici, Alexander de', First Duke of Ilorence (1530-37) 1510. .1537 
 Medici, Catherine de'. Wife of Henry II. of France. . . 15 19. .1589 
 Medici, Cosmo de'. Father of ids Country. Statesman 1389. .1464 
 Medici, Cosmo de'. The Great. First Grand-Duke of 
 
 Tuscany. Life by Baldini 1519. -1574 
 
 Medici, Hippolytus de'. Cardinal 1511..1535 
 
 Medici, John de'. Merchant of Florence : found, of family — . . 1428 
 Medici, John James, Marquis of Marignano. General 1495.. 1555 
 
 Medici, Lorenzo de'. Magnificent. Life by Roscoe 1448. . 1492 
 
 Medina, Sir John Baptist. Portrait Painter 1659. .1711 
 
 Medina, Peter de. Spanish Historian and Mathematician 15 10?. — 
 Meer, Meeren, or Meire, John van der. The Young. 
 
 Painter .' 1627. ,1691 
 
 Meerraan, Gerard. Dutch Writer. {Novus Thesawrm 
 
 Juris Civilis) 1 722 ..1771 
 
 Meerman, John, son. Historical Writer i753- • 1815 
 
 Mehegan, William Alexander. French Historian 1721 . . 1766 
 
 Mehemet Ali. Pasha of Egypt 1769. .1849 
 
 M6hul, Stephen Henry. Musical Composer 1763. . 1817 
 
 Meibom, or Meibomius, Henry. Writer 1638. .1700 
 
 Meibom, or Meibomius, John 'Henry. Physician 1590- • 1655 
 
 Meibom, or Meibomius, Marcus. Writer'on Music and 
 
 Philologist 1630?. 1711 
 
 Meier, George Frederick. German Philosophical Writer 1718. .1777 
 Meigs, Return Jonathan. Amer. Revolutionary Officer 1740.. 1823 
 Meiners, Christopher. Ger. Historian and Miscell. Writer 1 747 . . 1810 
 
 Meire, Meer, or Meeren, John van der. See Meer 1627. . 1691 
 
 Meisner, Balthasar. German Lutheran Divine 1587. .1626 
 
 Meissner, Augustus Theophilus. Novelist & Dramatist 1753.^.1807 
 Meissonier, Justus Aurelius. Painter, Sculptor, Gold- 
 smith, Architect 1695 • • ^ 75° 
 
 Mekenen, Israel von. See Meckenen — . . 1503 
 
 Mela, Pomponius. Latin Geographer. {DeSituOrhis). . fl. 50'' 
 Melanchthon, Philip. German Reformer. Life by Joa- 
 chim Camerarius i497- .1560 
 
 Melbourne, William Lamb, Viscount. Premier 1779- . 1848 
 
 Melchthal, Arnold of. Swiss Patriot — • -^3^7 
 
 Melcombe, Lord. /See Dodington 1691.. 1762 
 
 Meldola, Dr. Raphael. High Rabbi, in England. {Hu- 
 
 pat Hatanim) — . . 1828 
 
 Meleager. Greek Writer and Collector of Epigrams. . . fl. b.c. 60? 
 
 Melendez Valdez, John. Spanish Poet 1754. .1817 
 
 Meletius. Bishop of Antioch — . . 381 
 
 Meletius. Bishop of Lycopolis fl. 4th c. 
 
 Meletius. Modern Greek Geographer 1661 . .1714 
 
 Meli, John. Poet. Sicilian Anacreon ^. . . . 1740. . 1815 
 
 Melito. Bishop of Sardis fl. 170? 
 
 MeUan, Claude. French Engraver and Designer 1598. . 1688 
 
 Mellen, Grenville. American Poet i799- • 1841 
 
 Mellitus. Archbishop of Canterbury (619-24) — . . 624 
 
276 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIB©. 
 
 Mellon, Harriet. Actress; married Duke of St. Albans. 1775.. 1837 
 
 Melloni, Macedonio. Italian Physicist 1800. . 1854 
 
 Melinoth,William. Lawyer and Religious Writer. {Great 
 
 Importance. ) Life by son 1666 . . 1 743 
 
 Melmoth, William, son. Writer & Classical Translator 17 10. .1799 
 Melo, or Mello, Francis Manuel de. Sp. and Port. Author 1611. .1666 
 
 Melon, John Francis, of Bordeaux. Writer — . .1738 
 
 Melot, Anicet. French Writer 1697 . .1759 
 
 Melozzo da Forli, Francis. Painter 1438. . 1494' 
 
 Melvil, Sir James. Scot. Statesm. and Hist. (Memoirs) 1535'. 1607 
 Melville, Andrew. Orientalist |and Scottish Reformer. 
 
 Life by McCrie 1545 . . 1622 
 
 Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount. Statesman 1740- • 1811 
 
 Melvin, James, of Aberdeen. Latinist 1 794. . 1851 
 
 Memling, Hans, or John. Painter, ^ee Hemling 1425?. 1500? 
 
 Memnii, or di Martino, Simon, of Sienna. Portrait Painter 1284. .1344 
 
 Mena, John de. Castilian Poet 1412 . . 1456 
 
 M6nage, Giles. Fr. Scholar. {Dictionnaire Etymologique) 1613..1692 
 
 Menahem. King of Israel (b. c. 772-761) —B.C. 761 
 
 Menander. Athenian Comic Poet 342 . 291 B.C. 
 
 MenandrinOjMarsilio, of Padua. Jurist. (i)e/ensor Pads) — ..1328 
 M6nard, Claude, of Angers. Magistrate and Antiquary 1574. .1652 
 
 Menard, Leon. Historical Writer 1706. . 1767 
 
 M6nard, Nicholas Hugh, of St. Maur. (Benedictine Mar- 
 
 tyrology) 1 587 . . 1644 
 
 Menasseh ben Israel. Dutch Rabbi. Writer & Scholar 1604?. 1659? 
 Mencke, John Burchard. {Scriptores Rerum Germanic.) 1674. .1732 
 Mencke, Otho. German Writer. (Ada Eruditorum) . . 1644. .1707 
 
 Mendelssohn, Moses. Jewish Philosopher 1729. .1786 
 
 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix. Musical Composer . . 1809. .1847 
 
 Mendez, Moses. English Poet — . . J758 
 
 Mendez-Pinto, Ferdinand. Portuguese Traveler 1509?. 1583 
 
 Mendip, Welbore Ellis, created Earl of. Politician 1714- • 1802 
 
 Mendizabal, John Alvarez y. Spanish Financier 1790. . 1853 
 
 Mendoza, Diego Hurtado de. Spanish Statesman and 
 
 Scholar. (History of the War of Granada) 1503- -1575 
 
 Mendoza, Inigo Lopez de, Marquis de Santillana. Span- 
 ish Poet and Writer 1398. . 1458 
 
 Mendozai, John Gonzales. Ambassador to China. (His- 
 tory of China) 1540?. 1617 
 
 Mendoza, Peter Gonzales de. Great Cardinal of Spain. 
 
 Statesman 1428 . . 1495 
 
 Meneses, Alexis de. Port. Augustinian Monk & Writer 1559. . 1617 
 Menestrier, Claude le. Antiq. (Symbolicm Diamz Statua) — ..1639 
 Menestrier, Claude Francis. Fr. Jesuit. Writ, on Heraldry 1631 . . 1705 
 Menestrier, John Baptist le. Fr. Medalist & Antiquary 1564. . 1634 
 
 Mengoli, Peter. Italian Mathematician 1625 . . 1686 
 
 Mengs, Anthony Raphael. Painter. L. by J. N. D' Azara 1 728 . . 1 779 
 Meninski, or Menin, Francis. ( Thesaurus Linguarum 
 
 Orientalium) 1623 . . 1698 
 
 Menippus. C^nic Philosopher 3d c. b.c. 
 
 Mennes, Sir John. Seaman, Traveler, and Poet 1591 . . 1671 
 
 Menno, Simon. Dutch Sectary 1505- • 15^* 
 
 Menochio, James. Italian Jurist 1532 . . 1607 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 277 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Menochio, John Stephen. Italian Jesuit. Biblical Writer 1576. .1655 
 MentcliikofF, Alex. Danilovitch. Russ. Statesm. and Gen. 1672. Ti 729 
 
 Mentel, John, of Strasburg. Printer 1410? . 1478 
 
 Mentzel, Christian. Physician and Botanist 1622. .1701 
 
 Menzel, Charles Adolphus. German Historian 1784- • 1855 
 
 Menzini, Benedict. Italian Poet 1646. .1704 
 
 Mercarti, or Mercado, Michael. Tuscan Phys. and Nat. 1541 . . 1593 
 Mercator, Gerard. Flemish Geogr. and Math. ( Charts) 15 12. .1594 
 
 Mercator, Marius. Pupil of Augustine. Writer — .. 451? 
 
 Mercator, Nicholas. Danish Astronomer 1640. . 1687 
 
 Mercer, Hugh. American Revolutionary General 1720?. 1777 
 
 Mercer, Major James. Lyric Poet i734- • 1804 
 
 Mercier, Bartholomew. Abbe de St. Leger. Bibliographer 1734. .1799 
 Mercier, John le. Orientalist and Biblical Commentator — • .1570 
 Mercier, Louis Sebast. Poet & Critic. {Tableau de PaHs) 1740..1814 
 
 Merck, John Henry. German Scholar 1741 • -1791 
 
 Mercklein, George Abraham. German Physician 1644. . 1702 
 
 Mercuriali, Jerome. Italian Physician 1530- • 1606 
 
 Mercy, Florimond de. Marsh, of the Empire ; fell at Parma — . . 1 734 
 Mercy, Francis de. Bavarian General ; fell at Nordlmgen — . . 1645 
 
 Merewether, Rev. Francis. Author 1784. . 1864 
 
 Meriara, Eben. American Statistician and Meteorologist 1 794 . . 1864 
 
 Merian, John Bernard, of Berlin. Scholar 1723. . 1807 
 
 Merian, Maria Sibylla. Naturalist 1647. .1717 
 
 Merian, Matthew. Swiss Engraver i593- • 1650 
 
 Merian, Matthew, son. Swiss Painter 1621 . . 1687 
 
 Merino, Jerome. Priest Merino. Span. Guerrilla Leader 1 770? . 1847 
 
 Merivale, John Herman. Poet 1779- • 1844 
 
 MerovsBUS. Founder of the Merovingian Dynasty 411?. 457 
 
 Merret, Christopher. Physician and Naturalist. .* 1614. . 1695 
 
 Merrick, Rev. James. Div. & Poet. ( Version of the Psalms) 1 720 . . 1 769 
 
 Merry, Robert. Dramatic Writer i755- -1798 
 
 Mersch, John Andrew van der. Brave Fleming. Patriot 1 734 . . 1 792 
 
 Mersenne, Marin. French Mathematician 1588. . 1648 
 
 Merton, Walter de. Bishop of Rochester. Founder of 
 
 College. Life by Bishop Hobhouse — • . 
 
 Merula, George. Historian and Classical Editor." 1424'' 
 
 Morula, Paul. Dutch Scholar 1^58. 
 
 Merville, Michael Guyot de. French Writer 1696. 
 
 M6ry, John. French Anatomist and Surgeon 1654. 
 
 Merzliakov, Alexius Feodorovitch. Russian Writer . . . 1778. 
 
 Mesa, Christopher de. Spanish Poet I55o^ 
 
 Mesengui, Francis Philip. French Ecclesiastical Writer 1677. 
 Mesmer, Fred. Anthony, M. D. Promoter of Mesmerism 1734. 
 
 Mesmes, Claude de, Count d'Avaux. Negotiator 1595 . 
 
 Mesmes, John Anthony de, Count d'Avaux, nephew. 
 
 Negotiator 1640. .1709 
 
 Mesnager, Nicholas. French Negotiator 1658. . 1714 
 
 Mesnardiere, Hippolytus J. P. de la. French Poet 1610. . 1663 
 
 Messala Corvinus, M.Valerius. Statesman & Writer b.c.7o?.a.d.i? 
 
 Messalina Statilius. Third wife of Nero fl. ist c. 
 
 Messalina Valeria. Third wife of Claudius — . . 48 
 
 Messenius, Arnold. Historian and Satirist; beheaded. . — . .1651 
 Messenius, John. Swedish Lawyer. (5ca«rfia ///Msirafa) 1584. .1637 
 
278 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Messina, Antonello da. Italian Painter 1414-'. 1493 or 6 
 
 MestOn, William. Burlesque Poet 1688. .1745 
 
 Mestrezat, John. French Protestant Theologian 1592.. 1657 
 
 M6szaros, Lazarus. Hungarian General 1796. . 1858 
 
 Metastasio, Peter Anthony Dominic Bonaventura. Poet, 
 
 Life by Fabroni ; Dr. Burney 1698 , , 1 782 
 
 Metcalfe, Chas. Theophilus, Lord. Gov.-Gen. L. by Kaye 1785 . . 1864 
 
 Metcalfe, Thomas. American Statesman ". . 1780. , 1855 
 
 Metelli, Augustin. Italian Painter 1609. . 1660 
 
 Metellus, Quintus Caecilius. Numidicus. Commander . 
 
 against Jugurtha fl. b.c. 100 
 
 Meteren, Emanuel van. {History of the Low Countries) 1535, .1612 
 
 Methodius. Missionary to the Sclavonians — . . 900 
 
 Methuen, John. Diplomatist — . .1706 
 
 Metius, Adrian, brother of James. Mathematician 1571 • • 1635 
 
 Metius, James, of Alkmaer. Invent. Refract. Telescope 11. 1609-' 
 Metkerke, SirAdolphusvan. Envoy and Classical Writer 1528. .1591 
 Metochita, Theodore. Greek Historian of Constantinople — . . 1332 
 Meton. Athenian Astronomer. Inventor of Lunar Cycle 11.3.0.432 
 Metternich, Clement Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince 
 
 de. Austrian Statesman 1 773 . . 1859 
 
 Mettrie, Julian Ofltray de la. Physician. Materialist .. 1709. .1751 
 
 Metz, Conrad Martin. German Engraver 1755 . .1827 
 
 Metzu, Gabriel. Dutch Painter 1615 .aft.i66i 
 
 Meulen, Anthony Francis van der. Flemish Painter . . . 1634. . 1690 
 Meulen, Peter van der. Paint, to William III, in England fl. 1670 
 
 Meun, or Meung, John de. French Poet 1250-'. 1318? 
 
 Meiorsius, or De Meiu-, John. Greek Antiquary i579- • 1639 
 
 Meusel, John George. Ger. Historian and Bibliographer 1743. .1820 
 
 Meusnier, Philip. French Painter 1655 . .1734 
 
 Mexia, Peter. Spanish Writer 1496. .1552? 
 
 Meyer, Felix. German Painter i^53- -1713 
 
 Meyer, James. Flemish Historian 1491 . .1552 
 
 Meyer, John Henr3% German Antiquary and Artist 1759- • 1832 
 
 Meyerbeer, James. German Musical Composer 1791 . . 1864 
 
 Meyers^ Jeremiah. Miniature Painter 1728. .1789 
 
 Meyrick, Sir Samuel Rush. Antiquary i yS^ ■ ■ 1848 
 
 M6zeray, Francis Eudes de. Hist. L. by Dan. Larroque 1610. . 1683 
 Meziriac, Claude Caspar Bachet. Fr. Jesuit. Scholar. 158 1. .1638 
 Mezzofanti, Joseph Caspar. Cardinal. Linguist. Life 
 
 by Dr. C. W. Russell, 1858 1774.. 1849 
 
 Miaulis, Andrew. Grecian Admiral ^772. . 1835 
 
 Miazzi, John. Italian Architect 1699 . . 1 780 
 
 Micah. Prophet of Judah fl. B.c.750? 
 
 Mical, Abb6. French Mechanician 1 730 •^ 1789 
 
 Michael I. Emperor of the East (811-13). Rhangabe.. —..845? 
 
 Michael II. (820-29.) Le Begue — . . 829 
 
 Michael III. (842-67) 839?. 867 
 
 Michael IV. (1034-41.) The Paphlagonian , , — . . 1041 
 
 Michael v. (1041-42.) Calaphates — aft.1042 
 
 Michael VI. (1056-57.) Straiioticus —aft. 105 7 
 
 Michael VII. ' (1071-78.) Parapinaces — aft.1078 
 
 Michael VIII. (1259-82.) Palceohgus 1224. . 1282 
 
 Michael. Czar of Russia (1613-45). Feodorovitch 1596.. 1645 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 279 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Michael Angelo. Italian Painter. See Angelo. Life 
 by Condivi, 1553 ; Vasari, 1568 ; Gori, 1746 ; Vignali, . 
 1753; Hauchecorne, 1783; Richard Duppa, 1806; Pia- 
 cenza, 1813; Reumont, 1831; Guidici, 1834; Quatre- 
 mere de Quincy, 1835; Nagler, 1836; Grimm, trans- 
 lated by F. E. Bunnet, 1864 1474. .1564 
 
 Mich.ael Angelo. Belle Baltaglie. Roman Battle Painter 1602?. 1660 
 
 Michaelis, John Benjamin. German Poet 1746. . 1772 
 
 Michaelis, John David. Orientalist and Biblical Critic. 
 
 {Introduction to the New Testament) 1717. -^79^ 
 
 Michaelis, John Henry. German Divine and Orientalist 1668. .1738 
 Michaud, Joseph. Fr. Hist. & Poet. {Hist, of Crusades) ly 67. .1829 
 Michaux, Andrew. French Botanist and Traveler. {Flora ' 
 
 Boreali Americana) 1 746 . . 1802 
 
 Micheli, Peter Anthony. Italian Botanist 1679. . 1737 
 
 Micheli du Crest, James Bartholomew. Astron. &Math. 1690. .1766 
 Michelozzi, Michelozzo. Florentine Sculptor «Sc Architect 1402? . 1470? 
 
 Mickiewicz, Adam. Polish Poet 1798.. 1855 
 
 Mickle, William Julius. Poet. Translator of the Lusiad 1734 . .1788 
 Micrelius, John. Ger. Lutheran Divine and Philologist 1597. .1658 
 Middleton, Arthur. American Patriot and Statesman. . 1743. -^7^7 
 Middleton, Conyers, d. d. Scholar. {Life of Cicero) . . 1683 . . 1750 
 Middleton, Rev. Erasmus, of Turvey. {Biograph. Evang.) — ..1805 
 
 Middleton, Sir Hugh. Projector of the New River 1565?. 1631 
 
 Middleton, John Izard. Amer. Schol. ( Cyclvpean Walls) 1785. .1849 
 
 Middleton, Richard. T?ie Profound. Theologian — . . 1304 
 
 Middleton, Thomas. Dramatic Poet. Life by Dyce, 1840 — . .1626' 
 Middleton, Thos. Fanshaw. Bp. of Calcutta. "( Gr. Article) 1769. . 1822 
 
 Middleton, William. Welsh Poet — . . 1602 
 
 Miel, John. Giovanni della Vite. Flemish Painter ... . 1599.. 1664 
 Mierevelt, Michael Jansen. Dutch Portrait Painter .... 1568 . . 1641 
 Mieris, Francis. The Elder. Flemish Painter & Modeler 1635 . . 1681 
 
 Mieris, Francis. Young Francis. Flemish Painter 1689. .1763 
 
 Mieris, William. The Younger. Flem. Painter & Modeler 1662 . . 1 747 
 
 Mifiain, Thomas. American Revolutionary Patriot i744- .1800 
 
 Migliara, John. Italian Architectural Painter 1 785 .. 1837 
 
 Mignard, Nicholas. French Painter 1608 . . 1668 
 
 Mignard, Peter. The Roman. Painter 1610 . . 1695 
 
 Mignon, Abraham. Painter of Frankfort 1639 . . 1679 
 
 Mignot, Stephen. Fr. Hist., Commerc, & Theol. Writer 1698. .1771 
 Mignot, Vincent. Fr. Writer. {Hist, de V Empire Ottoman) 1 730 . . 1 790 
 
 Milbourne, Rev. Luke. Poetical Writer 1667. .1720 
 
 Mildmay, Sir Walter. Statesman ^ 1522 .. 1^89 
 
 Milfort, Le Clerc. French Adventurer — aft.1814 
 
 Milhouse, Robert. Weaver and Poet — , . 1839 
 
 Milizia, Francis. Architect. ( Vite degli Architetti) 1725 . .1798 
 
 MiU, Henry. Engineer of Water Works 1680. . 1770 
 
 MiU, James. Metaphysician and Political Economist. 
 
 {History of British 'India) 1773. -1836 
 
 Mill, John, D. D. Editor of Greek Testament 1645 ''.1707 
 
 Mm, W. H., D. D. Divine and Orientalist — . .1853 
 
 MiUar, John, of Glasgow. Professor. L. by Craig, 1806 1735. .1801 
 
 Milledge, John. American Soldier and Statesman 1757. .1818 
 
 Miller, Lady, of Bath. {Letters from Italy) I74i?.i78i 
 
280 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Miller, Edward, mus. doc. Antiquary 1756. . 1807 
 
 Miller, Edward. American Physician and Author 1760. .1812 
 
 Miller, Hugh. Scottish Geologist 1802. . 1856 
 
 Miller, James. Political and Dramatic Writer 1703. .1744 
 
 Miller, James. Surgical Writer 181 i?. 1864 
 
 Miller, John Martin. Ger. Novelist & Poet. {Siegwart) 1750. . 1814 
 
 Miller, Joseph. Comic Actor 1684. . 1 738 
 
 Miller, Philip. Botanical Writ. {Gardener* s Dictionary) 1691 . .1771 
 
 Miller, Samuel. American Divine 1769. . 1850 
 
 Miller, William. Founder of the Millerites 1781 . . 1849 
 
 Milles, Jeremiah, d. d. Divine and Antiquary 1714- -1784 
 
 Milles, Thomas. Genealogist and Antiquary fi. i6th c. 
 
 Millevoye, Charles Hubert. French Poet 1782. . 1816 
 
 Millin, Aubin Louis. Fr. Archseologist and Naturalist 1759. .1818 
 
 Millingen, James. English Archaeologist i774- • 1845 
 
 Millot, Claude Francis Xavier. French Historian 1726. .1785 
 
 Mills, Charles. Historical Writer. {History of Crusades) 1788. . 1825 
 Mills, Samuel John. American Clergyman and Promoter 
 
 of Missions 1783, .1818 
 
 Milzuan, Sir Francis, m. d. Medical Writer 1746. . 1821 
 
 Milne, Rev. Cohn. Botanist — . . 1815 
 
 Milne, Joshua. Actuary i773- • 1851 
 
 Milne, William. English Missionary' — . . 1822 
 
 Milner, Isaac, d. d. President of Queen's College ; Dean 
 
 of Carlisle. Life by Mrs. Maxy Milner, 1843 1751.- 1820 
 
 Milner, John, d. d. Rom. Cath. Divine & Eccles. Antiq. 1752. . 1826 
 Milner, Rev. Joseph, of Hull. {History of the Church of 
 
 Christ.) Life b}"- Isaac Milner i744- -^797 
 
 MUo. Grecian Athlete fl. 6th c. B.C. 
 
 Milo, Titus Annius Papinianus. Roman Tribune, de- 
 fended by Cicero • — . . 48 
 
 Milonov, Michael. Russian Poet 1792. . 1821 
 
 Milosh. See Obrenovitch 1780'. i860 
 
 Miltiades. Athenian General at Marathon fl. b.c. 490 
 
 Milton, John. Poet. Life by E. Philips, 1694; Toland, 
 1698 ; J. Richardson, 1734 ; Peck, 1740 ; Newton, 1749 ; 
 Birch, 1753; Hayley, 1794; Mosneron, 1803; Morti- 
 mer (Pseudonym), 1805; Svmmons, 1806; Byerley, 
 1822; Todd, 1826; Mitford, 1832; Ivimey, 1833; 
 Brydges, 1835; Stebbing, 1840; Montgomery, 1843; 
 Keightley, 1849 ; Hunter, 1850 ; Edmonds, 1851 ; Hood, 
 1851; Illustr. Papers, Marsh, Chetkam Society, 1851; 
 Cleveland, 1853 ; Masson, 1858 ; Original Papers, Ham- 
 ilton, Camden Society, 1859 ; J. W. Morris, 1862. Ac- 
 count of Disinterment of body, Neve, 1790 1608 . . 1674 
 
 Mimnermus. Greek Elegiac Poet fl. B.C. 634—600 
 
 Mina, Francis Espoz y. Spanish General 1781 . . 1836 
 
 Mind, Godfrey. Swiss Artist 1768 . .1814 
 
 Minellius, John, of Rotterdam. Editor of School Classics 1625 ? . 1683 
 Miner, Thomas. Amer. Physician and Medical Writer 1777.. 1841 
 Minot, George Richards. American Historian and Jurist 1758. . 1802 
 
 Minot, Lawrence. English Poet — . . 1352? 
 
 Minto, Sir Gilbert Elliott, 1st Earl of. Gov.-Gen. of Bengal 1751. .1814 
 Miaucius Felix, Marcus. Christian Rhetorician fl. 270? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 281 
 
 BOKN. DIES. 
 846 
 
 Minutoli, Henry Menu von, Baron. German Traveler 
 
 and Archaeologist 1772.. 
 
 Minuziano, or Minutianus, Alexander. Italian Printer 1450?. 
 
 Minzoni, Onofrio. Italian Poet i734- • 
 
 Mirabaud, John Baptist de. French Writer 1675 . . 
 
 Mirabeau, Gabriel Honored de Riquetti, Comte de. Revo- 
 lutionist. Life by Gassicourt i749- • 
 
 Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Mqs. de. {Ami des Homines) 1715 . . 
 
 Mirabella, Vincent. {Ancient History of Syracuse) 1570.. 
 
 Mirseus, or Lemire, Aubert. German Writer 1 573 ■ ■ 
 
 Miranda, Francis. Spanish American General 1750'. : 
 
 Miranda, Sa de. Portuguese Poet 1495 . . 
 
 Mirandola, John Picus, Count of. Universal Scholar . . 1463. . 
 
 Mirandola, John Francis Picus, Prince of, nephew. Writ. 1469 . . 
 
 Mirbel, Charles Francis Brisseau de. French Naturalist 1776. . 
 
 Mirevelt, or Mierevelt, Michael Jansen. Dutch Painter 1568. . 
 
 Misson, Maximilian. French Writer. ( Voyage d' Italie) — . . 
 
 Mita, James. Historical Engraver 1776. . 
 
 Mitchel, Ormsby McKnight. Amer. Astron. and Gen. 1810. . 
 
 Mitchell, Sir Andrew. Ambassador. Life by A. Bisset 1695 '^ 
 
 Mitchell, Andrew. Admiral i757'- 
 
 Mitchell, Sir David. Admiral — . . 
 
 Mitchell, Elisha, d. d. American Chemist i793- • 
 
 Mitchell, John Kearsley. Amer. Physician and Author 1796. . 
 
 Mitchell, Joseph. Dramatic Writer 1684? . 
 
 MitcheU, Thos. Philologist. Ed. of Greek Dramatists 1783. . 
 
 Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone. Voyager and Geogr. 1 792 . . 
 
 Mitchill, Samuel Latham. Amer. Physician and Writer 1764. . 
 
 Mitford, John. Miscellaneous Writer. {Johnny Newcome) — .. 
 
 Mitford, Rev. John. Writer. Editor of Gray 1781 . . 
 
 Mitford, John Freeman, Baron Redesdale. Statesman. . 1748. . 
 
 Mitford, Miss Mary Russell. Writer. ( Our Village) ... 1786, . 
 
 Mitford, William. {Hist, of Greece. ) L. by Ld. Redesdale 1 744 . . 
 
 Mithridates. King of Pontus(B. c. 120-63). The Great 131-'. 63 
 
 Mitscherlich, Eilhard, of Berlin. Chemical Philosopher 1794. . 
 
 Mittarelli, John Benedict. History of the Calmudenses 1707. . 
 
 Mitzler, Lawrence Christopher, of Kolof. Musical Writer 1 71 1 . . 
 
 Mochnachi, Maurycy. Polish Critic and Historian .... 1804. . 
 
 Mocquard, John Francis Constant. French Litterateur ; 
 
 Private Secretary to Napoleon III 1791 
 
 Modena, or Mutina, Thomas da. Italian Painter fl. 14th c 
 
 Moebius, George. Ger. Theologian. {Pagan Oracles) 1616 
 
 Moebius, Godfrey. German Medical Writer 161 1'. 
 
 Moehler, John Adam. Rom. Catholic Polemical Divine 1796. . 
 Moehsen, John Charles William. Ger. Medical Writer 1722. . 
 Moellendorf, Richard Joachim Henry, Ct. of. Pruss. Gen. 1725 . . 
 
 Moeller, John. Danish Theologian and Author i779- • 
 
 Moeser, Justus. German Advocate and Writer 1720. . 
 
 Mohammed. Arabian Prophet. See Mahomet 570 or i 
 
 Mohs, Frederick. German Mineralogist i774- • 
 
 Moine, Le. See Lemoine. 
 
 Moir, David Macbeth. Poet and Novelist. L. by T. Aird 1 798 . . 
 
 Moitte, John William, Chevalier. French Sculptor i747- • 
 
 Moivre, Abraham de. Mathematician 1667. . 
 
 817 
 760 
 
 791 
 
 789 
 624 
 640 
 816 
 558 
 494 
 533 
 854 
 641 
 721 
 822 
 862 
 771 
 806 
 719 
 
 857 
 858 
 738 
 845 
 
 831 
 859 
 830 
 
 ^55 
 827 
 
 B.C. 
 
 863 
 
 777 
 778 
 834 
 
 864 
 
 697 
 664 
 
 838 
 
 795 
 816 
 
 833 
 794 
 632 
 
 839 
 
 810 
 754 
 
282 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Mola, John Baptist. Landscape Painter 1620. . 1661 
 
 Mola, Peter Francis. Painter 1612. . 1668 
 
 Molai, James de. Last Grand Master of the Templars. . — . . 1314 
 Molanus, Gerai-d Walter. Ger. Writer (Lipsanographia) 1623. .1722 
 
 Molanus, or Vermeulen, John. Dutch Writer 1533 . .1585 
 
 Molbech, Christian. Danish Scholar and Author 1783. .1857 
 
 M0I6, Francis Ren6. French Comedian I734- • 1802 
 
 M0I6, John. English Calculator — . . 1827 
 
 M0I6, Louis Matthew, Count de. French Statesman. . . . 1780. .1855 
 
 M0I6, Matthew. French Magistrate and Statesman 1584. . 1656 
 
 M0I6, Thomas. Dissenting Divine — . .1780 
 
 Molesworth, Robert, Viscount. Irish Statesman 1656. .1725 
 
 Molesworth, Sir William. English Statesman 1810. . 1855 
 
 Moliere, John Baptist Poquelin de. French Dramatist 1622. .1673 
 Molieres, Joseph Privat de. French Mathematician. ,. . 1677.. 1742 
 
 Molina, Louis de. Spanish Jesuit, Theologian 1535 . . 1601 
 
 MolinsBus, Charles. See Dumoulin 1500. . 1566 
 
 Molin83us, Peter. See Dumoulin 1568 . . 1658 
 
 Molinari, or Muhnari, John Anthony. Italian Painter. . 1577. . 1640? 
 Molinet, Claude du. Ecclesiastical Antiq. and Historian 1620. . 1687 
 
 Molinet, John. French Poet — . . 1 507 
 
 Molinier, John Baptist. Preacher and Devotional Writer 1675 ., 1 745 
 
 Molinos, Michael de. Spanish Quietist 1627. . 1696 
 
 Moll, Herman. English Geographer — . .1732 
 
 Moller, Daniel William. Ger. Trav., Metaph., and Hist. 1642. .1712 
 Moller, Henry. German Protestant, Biblical Commentator 1530?. 1589 
 Moller, John. ( History of Skswick and Holstein. ) Life 
 
 by his son, 1734 1661 . . 1725 
 
 Molloy, Charles. Polish Writer and Dramatist 1706. .1767 
 
 Molyneux, William. Mathematician and Astronomer. . 1656. .1698 
 
 Molza, Francis Mar3^ Italian Poet 1489. -1544 
 
 Molza, Tarquinia, granddaughter. Ital. Transl. and Poet 1542. . 1617 
 Monaldeschi, Louis Bonconte de. Italian Chronicler . . 1327. .1442 
 
 Monamy, Peter. Painter of Sea Pieces — . .1749 
 
 Monantheviil, Henry de. MonanthoUus. French Mathem. 1536?. 1606 
 
 Monardes, Nicholas. Spanish Physician — • • 1578 
 
 Monboddo, James Burnet, Lord. Metaphysician 1714- -^799 
 
 Monbron, Fougeret de. French Writer — . .1761 
 
 Monceaux, Francis de. Statesm. & Wr. (BucoUca Sacr'a) fl. 1589 
 
 Moncey, Adrien. Marshal of France 1754 . . 1842 
 
 Monconys, Balthasar de. Trav. in the East, and Astrol. — . . 1665 
 
 Moncrieflf "Wellwood, Rev. Sir Henry. Moderator 1750. . 1827 
 
 Moncrif, Francis Augustin Paradis de. Fr. Poet & Writer 1687. .1770 
 
 Mondino, or Mundinus. Physician and Anatomist 1250?. 1326 
 
 Mondonville, John Joseph Cassanea de. Mus. Composer 1 715 .. 1772 
 
 Mongault, Nicholas Hubert de. French Writer 1674. .1746 
 
 Monge, Caspar. French Mathematician and Nat. Philos. 1746. .1818 
 Moniglia, John Andrew, of Florence. Dramatic Poet. . 1640?. 1700 
 
 Monin, John Edward du. French Poet i557 • • 1586 
 
 Monk, George, Duke of Albemarle. Life by T. Skinner, 
 1724; Dr. Thomas Gumble, 1761; Guizot, translated 
 
 by Stuart Wortley, 1838 1608. .1670 
 
 Monk, James Henry. English Prelate and Author 1784. . 1856 
 
 Monk, Hon. Mary. Poetess — . . 1715 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 283 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Monmouth, Geoffrey of. Archd. of Monmouth. Hist. iioo. .1154 
 Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of. Rebel. Life by 
 
 George Roberts, 1844 1649. . 1685 
 
 Monnet, Anthony Grimoald. French Chemist i734- .1817 
 
 Monnier, Peter le. French Philosopher 1675 . .1757 
 
 Monnier, Peter Charles le. French Astronomer 1715 • -1799 
 
 Monnoye, Bernard de la. Poetical and Prose Writer . . 1641. .1728 
 Monnoyer, John Baptist. Fr. Fruit and Flower Painter 1635 . . 1699 
 Monod, Adolphe. French Protestant Pastor at Paris. . . 1802. .1856 
 
 Monod, Dr. Frederick. Protestant Pastor at Paris i794- -1863 
 
 Monod, John. French Protestant Clergyman 1760-'. 1836 
 
 Monro, Alexander, M. D., primus. Physician and Anato- 
 mist. {Medical Essays) ^ 1697. .1767 
 
 Monro, Alexander, sectindus, son. Phys. and Med. Prof. 1733. . 181 7 
 
 Monro, Alexander, tertius, son. Anatomist i773- • 1859 
 
 Monro, Donald. Army Physician 1729. . 1802 
 
 Monro, John, brother. Physician for Insanity 1715 . .1791 
 
 Monroe, James. Fifth President of the United States. . 1758. . 1831 
 Monsignori, Francis. Portrait and Historical Painter. . 1455. .1519 
 
 Monson, Sir William. Admiral. {Naval Tracts) 1569. .1643 
 
 Monson, William John, Lord. Traveler and Antiquary 1796. .1862 
 
 Monstrelet, Enguerrand de. Historian 1390''. 1453 
 
 Mont, Deodate del. Painter 1581 . . 1634 
 
 Montagu, Basil, q. c. Editor of Bacon 1770. . 185 1 
 
 Montagu, Charles, 1st Duke of Manchester. Ambassador — ..1722 
 
 Montagu, Sir Edward. Judge — . . 1557 
 
 Montagu, Edward, First Earl of Sandwich. Commander 
 
 and Statesman '. 1625 . . 1672 
 
 Montagu, Edward Wortley. Writer 1713..1776 
 
 Montagu, George. Naturalist — . . 1815 
 
 Montagu, Sir Henry, 1st Earl of Manchester. Ld. Treas. — . . 1642 
 Montagu, John, Fourth Earl of Sandwich. Life by J. 
 
 Cooke, 1799 1 . . . 1718. .1792 
 
 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortle3^ Writer. {Letters.) Life 
 
 by Dallaway, 1803 ; Moy Thomas 1690 . . 1 762 
 
 Montagu, Walter. Abbot of Pontoise. Poet, Courtier — ..1669 
 Montague, Chas., First E. of Halifax. Statesm. and Poet 1661 . . 1715 
 
 Montague, Edward Wortley 1713- -1776 
 
 Montague, Mrs. Eliz. ( Writings and Genius of ShaJcesp.) 1720. . 1800 
 
 Montague, Lady Mary Wortley. See Montagu 1690. .1762 
 
 Montague, or Mountagu, Richard. Bishop of Chichester 
 
 and Norwich 1578. .1641 
 
 Montaigne, Michael de. Essayist ^533 • -1592 
 
 Montalbani, Ovid. Italian Physician and Botanist 1602?. 1671 
 
 Montalembert, Mark Rene, Mqs. of. Military Engineer 1714. .1800 
 Montalembert, Mark Ren6 Anne Mary, "^Count de. 
 
 French Diplomatist i777- • 1831 
 
 Montalvan, John Perez de. Spanish Dramatist 1602. . 16^8 
 
 Montanari, Geminiano. Nat. Philos. and Mathematician 1632 . . 1687 
 
 Montanelli, Joseph. Italian Poet 1813''. 1862 
 
 Montanus. Heresiarch i40-''. 200? 
 
 Montanus, Benedict Arias. Spanish Writer. {Polyglot) 1=^27 . .i^gS 
 Montanus, or Da Monte, John Baptist. Italian Physi- 
 cian and Classical Writer 1488?. 1551 
 
284 A BRIEF BIOGKAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Montarroyo, Joseph Freyre de. Portuguese Writer 1670. .1730 
 
 Montault, Philip de, Duke of Noailles. Commander. . . 1619. .1684 
 Montausier, Charles de St. Maure, Duke of. ( Garland 
 
 of Julia) 1610 . . 1690 
 
 Montb61iard, Philibert Gueneau. Naturalist 1720. .1785 
 
 Montbrun, Charles Du Puy. Life by Guy Allard, 1675 ; 
 
 Martin, 1816 1530- '1575 
 
 Montcalm, Louis Joseph de St.V^ran, Marquis de. French 
 
 General in Canada 1712. .1759 
 
 Montcalvo. Italian Fresco Painter. See Caccia 1568*. . 1625 
 
 Montchal, Charles de. Archbishop of Toulouse ; Scholar 1 589 . . 165 1 
 
 Montclirestien, Anthony. Poet and Economist 1570?. 162 1 
 
 Monte, Guidubalde, Marquis del. Italian Mathematician 1540?. 1601 •' 
 Montecatinus, Anthony. Italian Philos. ( On Aristotle) 1536. .1599 
 Montecuculi, or Montecuccoli, Raymond, Ct. Austr. Gen. 1608 . . 1681 
 
 Monteith., or Monteth, Robert. Scottish Historian — bef.i66o 
 
 Montemayor, George de. Castilian Poet. {Diana) 1520.. 1562 
 
 Monten, Dietrich. German Battle Painter I799- • 1843 
 
 Montenanlt, or Monthenault, Charles Philip. French 
 
 Historical Writer 1696. .1749 
 
 Montespan, Frances Athdnais de Rochechouart de Morte- 
 
 mart, Marchioness de. Favorite of Louis XIV 1641. .1707 
 
 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron de. {D Esprit 
 
 des Lois) 1689. . 1 755 
 
 Monteth, or Monteith, Robert. Scottish Historian — bef.i66o 
 
 Monteverde, Claudio. Italian Musical Composer 1565'. 1649 
 
 Montez, Lola. Life by self. See Lola Montez 1824. . 1861 
 
 Montezuma I. Emperor of Mexico (1436 or 8-1471) .. . — ••1471 
 
 Montezuma II., nephew 1480?. 1520 
 
 Montfaucon, Bernard de. Critic and Antiquary 1655 .. 1 741 
 
 Montfort, John (IV.) de, Duke of Brittany. . . .' 1293 -1345 
 
 Montfort, Simon de. Crusader 1150?. 1218 
 
 Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester; fell at Evesham 1206?. 1265 
 Montgolfler, James Stephen. Inventor of Air Balloons 1745. -1799 
 Montgomery, Alexander. Poet. L. by Dr. Irving, 1821 — ..1607? 
 Montgomery, Gabriel, Count of. Fr. Protestant General 1530' .1574 
 Montgomery, James. Poet. L. by Holland and Everett 1771 . . 1854 
 Montgomery, Richard. American Revolutionary General 1736.. 1775 
 
 Montgomery, Rev. Robert. Preacher and Poet 1807. .1855 
 
 Montgon, Charles Alexander. Confessor to Philip V. of 
 
 Spain. ( Memoirs) 1690 . . 1 770 
 
 Monthenault d'Egly, Charles Philip. French Writer. . 1696. .1749 
 Montholon, Chas. Tristan de, Count of Lee. Fr. General 1782.. 1853 
 Monthyon, or Montyon, Anthony John Baptist Robert 
 
 Auget, Baron de. French Philanthropist I733 • -1820 
 
 Monti, Joseph. Italian Botanist 1682. .1760 
 
 Monti, Vincent. Italian Poet i754- • 1828 
 
 Monticelli, Andrew, of Bologna. Painter 1640 . .1716 
 
 Monticelli, Angelo Mary. Singer — . . 1 750 
 
 Montigni, Stephen Mignol de. Math, and Mechanician 1714. .1782 
 
 Montjosieu, Louis de. ( Gallus Bomce Hospes) fl. 1585 
 
 Montluc, Blaise de. Marshal of France 1509^ 1577 
 
 Montmaur, Peter de. Satirical Poet 1576?. 1648 
 
 Montmorency, Anne de. Constable of France 1493. . 1567 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 285 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Montmorency, Charles de. Marshal of France — . • 1381 
 
 Montmorency, Henr}^ I. de. Constable of France I534- • 1614 
 
 Montmorency, Henry II., Due de. Admiral of France 1595. .1632 
 Montmorency, Matthew de. The Great. Constable of Fr. 1 1 74'' . 1230 
 Montmorency, Matthew John Felicity, Duke of French 
 
 Statesman 1767. .1826 
 
 Montmort, Peter Raymond de. French Mathematician 1678. .1719 
 Montorsoli, Fra Giovann' Angelo. Italian Sculptor . . . 1507. .1563 
 Montpensier, Anne Maria Louisa d'Orleans, Duchess de. 
 
 Gramle Mademoiselle. ( Memoirs) ._. 1627 . . 1693 
 
 Montpetit, Armand Vincent. Fr. Painter and Mechanic 1713. . 1800 
 
 Montreuil, Bernardin. French Jesuit 1569. • 1646 
 
 Montrose, James Graham, First Marquess of Scottish 
 
 Rovalist. Life by Bishop Wishart; M. Napier, 1840; 
 
 Grant, 1859 1612 . . 1650 
 
 Mont Ste - Aldegonde, Philip van Mamix, Lord du. 
 
 Statesman and Writer 1538. -1598 
 
 Montucci, Anthony. Philologist and Chinese Scholar. . 1762. .1829 
 Montucla, John Stephen. French Mathematician. {His- 
 tory of Mathematics) 1725 . .1799 
 
 Moody, Christopher Lake, ll. d. {Sketch of Modem 
 
 France) — . . 1816 
 
 Moon, Joseph. Mathematician — . . 1817 
 
 Mooney, Daniel, D. D. Writer on Logic and Mathematics — ..1818 
 
 Moor, Karel de. Portrait Painter 1656. .1738 
 
 Moorcroft, William. English Traveler 1780?. 1825 
 
 Moore, Benjamin, d. d. American Divine 1748. .1816 
 
 Moore, Clement C., ll. d. American Scholar i779- • 1863 
 
 Moore, Edward. Poet and Writer 1712..1757 
 
 Moore, Elizabeth. Devotional Writer — • • 1657 
 
 Moore, Francis. Mechanic — . . 1787 
 
 Moore, Jacob Bailey. American Journalist and Author 1797. .1853 
 
 Moore, John. Bishop of Ely 1644. . 1714 
 
 Moore, John. Phys. and Writer. L. by Dr. R. Anderson 1 730 . . 1802 
 Moore, John. Archbishop of Canterbury (1783-1804). . 1733. -1805 
 
 Moore, Sir John. General ; fell at Corunna 1761 . . 1809 
 
 Moore, John, ll. b. Biblical Scholar and Antiquary ... — . . 1821 
 
 Moore, Maurice. American Patriot and Jurist — . .1777 
 
 Moore, Rev. Philip, of the Isle of Man. Writer 1706. .1783 
 
 Moore, Richard Channing, d. d. American Divine 1762. . 1841 
 
 Moore, Robert. Penman — . .1727? 
 
 Moore, Thomas. Poet. Life by Earl Russell i779- • 1852 
 
 Moore, Zephaniah Swift, D. d. Amer. Divine and Scholar 1770. . 1823 
 
 Moorsom, William Scarth. Captain. Writer — . . 1863 
 
 Morabin, James. Fr. Writer & Transl. {Life of Cicero) 1687 . . 1 762 
 Morales, Ambrose de. Spanish Historian and Antiquary 1 5 13 . . 1 591 
 
 Morales, Louis. El Divino. Spanish Painter 1509- -1586 
 
 Morand, John Anthony. Architect of Lyons 1727. -1794 
 
 Morand, John Francis Clement. Parisian Physician . . . 1726. .1784 
 
 Morand, Peter de. Poet and Dramatic Writer 1701 . .1757 
 
 Morand, Sauveur Fran9ois. Parisian Surgeon 1697. 1773 
 
 Morandi, John Mary. Italian Painter 1625 . . 1715? 
 
 Morandi Manzolini, Anna. Female Anatomist 1716. .1774 
 
 Morant, Philip. Antiquary and Biographer 1700. . 1770 
 
286 A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DI£I>. 
 
 Morata, Olympia Fulvia. Protestant Writer. Life by 
 
 Jules Bonnet, 1851 1526. . 1555 
 
 Moratin, Leander Fernandez de. Span. Dramatic Poet 1760. .1828 
 Moratin, Nicholas Fernandez de. Span. Dramatic Poet 1737. .1780 
 Morazan, Francis. Central Amer. Statesm. and General 1799. -1842 
 Morcelli, Stephen Anthony. Ital. Writ, on Inscriptions 1737. .1821 
 Mordaunt, Charles, Third Earl of Peterborough. Com- 
 mander in Spain. Life by C. Warburton, 1853 1658. .1735 
 
 More, Alexander. French Protestant Preacher & Writer 1616. . 1670 
 More, Sir Anthony. Ant07ii Moro. Dutch Portr. Painter 1519. .1581 
 More, Hannah. Writer. Life by Rev. H. Thompson, 
 
 1838; A. Roberts, 1859 1745.. 1833 
 
 More, Dr. Henry. Cambr. Platonist. L. by R. Ward, 1710 1614 . . 1687 
 More, Henr}', of Liskeard. Dissenting Minister ; Poet.. — ..1802 
 
 More, or Moore, James. Writer. {Rival Modes) — • • ^734 
 
 More, John, of Norwich. Puritan Divine — . .1592 
 
 More, Sir Thomas. Chancellor. ( Utopia. ) Life by J. 
 Hoddesdon, 1652; W. Roper, 1716 ; Warner, 1758; C. 
 More, 1828 ; Stapleton ; Cayley ; T. More (great-grand- 
 son) ; William Rastall 1480. .1535 
 
 Moreau, Hegesippus. French Poet. {Myosotis) 1810..1838 
 
 Moreau, Jacob Nicholas. Historiographer '^7^7 • • "i^^^Z 
 
 Moreau, James. French Medical Writer 1647 . .1729 
 
 Moreau, John Michael. French Designer and Engraver 1741 . . 1814 
 
 Moreau, John Victor. French General 1763. .1813 
 
 Moreau, Rent?. French Physician 1587.. 1-656 
 
 Moreau de la Sarthe, James Louis. Fr. Medical Writer 1 771 . . 1826 
 
 Moreelze, Paul. Dutch Painter 1571 • • 1638 
 
 Morel, Christopher Edward. Fr. Teacher of Deaf Mutes 1805 .. 1857 
 
 Morel, Claude. Printer; Editor of Greek Authors ^574 • • 1626 
 
 Morel, Frederick. The Old. French Printer and Writer 1523. .1583 
 
 Morel, Frederick, son. Printer and Scholar i55«- • 1630 
 
 Morel, William. Fr. Classical Editor and Lexicographer 1505 . .1564 
 
 Morell, Andrew. Swiss Medalist and Antiquarv 1646. .1703 
 
 Morell, Thomas. Lexicographer and Classical NVriter. . 1703. . 1784 
 
 MoreU, Thomas. Dissenting Minister and Author 1782?. 1840 
 
 Morellet, Andrew. Abb^. Writer on Political Economy 1727. .1819 
 
 Morelli, Cosimo. Italian Architect 1732. . 1812 
 
 Morelli, James. Librarian and Scholar i745 • • ^^^9 
 
 Morelos, Joseph Maria. Mexican Revolutionist — ..1815 
 
 Mor6ri, Louis. {Historical Dictionar'y) 1643 . . 1680 
 
 Mores, Edward Rowe. Antiquary 1730. .1778 
 
 Moreto y Cabana, Augustin. Spanish Comic Poet 1600?. 1669 
 
 Moreton, or Morton, John. Cardinal. Abp. of Canter- 
 bury; Statesman. Life by Rev. W. Cole ; Budden.. 1410..1500 
 Morgagni, John Baptist. Ital. Physician and Anatomist 1682. .1771 
 
 Morgan, Daniel. American Revolutionary General 1736. . 1802 
 
 Morgan, George Cadogan. Writer on Nat. Philosophy 1754. .1798 
 Morgan, Sir Henry John. Buccaneer. Life by Edward 
 
 Howard 1637?. 1690 
 
 Morgan, (Miss Sydney Owenson) Lady, Irish Novelist 1783. .1859 
 Morgan, Sylvanus. Heraldic Writer. {Sphere of Gentry) — ..1693 
 
 Morgan, Thomas. Deistical Writer — • • 1741 
 
 Morgan, Sir Thomas Charles, m. d. 1783?. 1843 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 287 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Morgan, William. Bishop of St. Asaph. Translator of 
 
 the Bible into Welsh — . . 1604 
 
 Morgan, William. Mathematician and Actuary — . . 1833 
 
 Morghen, Raphael Sanzio. Italian Engraver 1758. . 1833 
 
 Morgues, Matthew de. Court Preacher and Writer. . . . 1582. , 1670 
 Morhof, Daniel George. German Writer. {Polyinstor) 1639.. 1691 
 Morice, Sir William. Statesman. ( Common Riyht of 
 
 Lord's Supper) — . . 1676 
 
 Morier, James. Oriental Traveler and Novelist 1780. .1849 
 
 MoriUo, Pablo. Spanish General 1777 . . 1838 
 
 Morin, Henry. Writer in Memoir es de VAcad. des Inscrip. 1655 . .1728 
 
 Morin, John. French Ecclesiastic and Orientalist 1591-. 1659 
 
 Morin, John. French Experimental Philosopher. {Me- 
 
 chanisme Universel) 1705. .1764 
 
 Morin, John Baptist. French Physician and Mathema- 
 tician. {Astroloffia Gallica) 1583 . , 1656 
 
 Morin, Louis. De St. Victor. Fr. Physicianand Botanist 1635 • • 1715 
 
 Morin, Peter. French Biblical Scholar and Critic 1531 • • 1608 
 
 Morin, Simon. French Visionary 1623?. 1663 
 
 Morin, Stephen. French Protestant Divine 1625 . .1700 
 
 Moriniere, Adrian Claude Lefort de la. French Writer 1698. .1768 
 
 Morison, or Moryson, Fynes. Traveler 1566. .1614? 
 
 Morison, John, d. d., ll. d. Life by John Kennedy. . . 1791 . . 1859 
 Morison, Robert, m. d. Physician and Botanist. {Ilis- 
 
 toria Flantarum) 1620. . 1683 
 
 Morisot, Claude Bartholomew. Fr. Writer. (Peramawa) 1592. .1661 
 
 Moritz, Charles Philip. German Writer i757- -1793 
 
 Morland, George. Painter. Life by W. Collins ; George 
 
 Dawe; Hassell, 1806 1763.. 1804 
 
 Morland, Sir Samuel. Statesman and Mechanician. 
 
 Life by J. 0. Halliwell 1625?. 1695 
 
 Morley, George. Bishop of Winchester 1 597 . . 1684 
 
 Morley, Thomas. Musical Composer — . . 1604? 
 
 Morliere, Charles James Louis Augustus de la Rochette, 
 
 Chevalier de. Romance Writer 1 701 . . 1 785 
 
 Mornac, Anthony. Fr. Jurist and Poet. (Ferice Forenses) 1554. . 1619 
 Mornay* Philip de, Sieur du Plessis Morlay. Protestant 
 
 Statesman. Life by Crusius; De Liques 1549- '1623 
 
 Mornington, Garret Wellesley, Earl of. Composer .... 1720. .1781 
 Morny, Chas. Augustus Louis Joseph de, Ct. Fr. Statesm. 181 1 . .1865 
 
 Moro, Antoni, or Sir Anthony More, which see 1519- .1581 
 
 Morone, John. Cardinal and Statesman 1509. .1580 
 
 Moroni, John Baptist. Ital. Historical and Portr. Painter 1 5 1 o . . 1 5 78 
 Morosini, Andrew. Senator of Venice and Historian. . 1558. . 1618 
 Morosini, Francis. Doge of Venice and Commander . . 1618. .1694 
 Morres, Harvey Redmond, Visct. Mountmorres. Writer — ••i797 
 
 Morris, Capt. Charles. Song Composer i739- • 1832 
 
 Morris, Charles. American Naval Officer 1784. . 1856 
 
 Morris, George P. American Journalist and Poet 1802. . 1864 
 
 Morris, Gouverneur. American Patriot and Statesman 1752.. 1816 
 
 Morris, Lewis. Welsh Antiquary and Poet 1702. .1765 
 
 Morris, Richard, brother. Welsh Poet and Critic — . .1779 
 
 Morris, Robert. American Financier i734- • 1806 
 
 Morris, Robert, m. p. Legal Writer — . . 1818 
 
288 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Morris, Thomas. American Statesman 1766. . 1844 
 
 Morrison, Sir Richard. Architect 1767 . .1849 
 
 Morrison, Rev. Robert, d. d. Missionary to China. Life 
 
 by Mrs. Morrison, 1839 1782 . . 1834 
 
 Morse, Rev. Jedediah. American Geographer 1761 . . 1826 
 
 Mortier, Edward Adolphus Casimir Joseph, Duke of 
 
 Treviso. Marshal of France 1768. .1835 
 
 Mortimer, Edmund, Third Earl of March ; married to 
 
 Philippa ; 1352?. 1381 
 
 Mortimer, Edmund. Fifth Earl of March .' . 1392''. 1424 
 
 Mortimer, John Hamilton. Artist 1741 . .17^9 
 
 Mortimer, Roger, Baron, of Wigmore, First Earl of 
 
 March. Favorite of Queen Isabella 1286?. 1330 
 
 Mortimer, Roger, Fourth Earl of March. Lieut, of Ireland 1377?. 1398 
 Mortimer, Thomas. Miscell. Writer. {British Plutarch) ly^o. .i8og 
 Morton, Charles, of Harvard College. Writer on Phi- 
 losophy and Divinity — . . 1697 
 
 Morton, James Douglas, Earl of. Regent of Scotland ; 
 
 beheaded 1530. .1581 
 
 Morton, James Douglas, Earl of. Philosopher & Astron. 1707. .1768 
 
 Morton, John. Cardinal. See Moreton 1410. . 1500 
 
 Morton, John. Agriculturist. ( The Soil) 1 781?. 1864 
 
 Morton, Marcus. American Jurist and Statesman 1784. . 1864 
 
 Morton, Nathaniel. Secretary of Plymouth Colony. {New 
 
 England's Memorial) 1612 . . 1685 
 
 Morton, Richard, m. d. Medical Writer 1635?. 1698 
 
 Morton, Samuel Geo., m. d. Amer. Nat. and Ethnologist 1799. . 185 1 
 Morton, Thomas. Bishop of Durham (1632-59). Life 
 
 by Dean Barwick, 1660; Baddily and Naylor, 1669. . 1564. .1659 
 
 Morton, Thomas. Dramatic Poet " 1 764 . . 1838 
 
 Morveau, Guyton de. See Guyton 1737. .1816 
 
 Moryson, or Morison, Fynes. Traveler 1566. . 1614? 
 
 Moryson, Sir Richard. Politician, Diplom., and Author — --iSS^ 
 Moscherosch, John Michael. {Philander von Sittewald. ) 
 
 German Writer 1600 . . 1 669 
 
 Moschus. Syracusan Bucolic Poet fl. b.c. 250 
 
 Moseley, Benjamin, d. d. Medical Writer 1^39?. 1819 
 
 Moser, Frederick Charles von. Ger. Statesm. & Publicist 1 723 . . 1 798 
 Moser, George Michael. Gold Chaser and Enamel Painter 
 
 in London 1705.. 1783 
 
 Moser, John Jacob. German Jurist 1701 . . 1785 
 
 Moser, Justus. German Statesman and Author 1720. .1794 
 
 Moser, Miss Mary, R. A. Flower Painter — ..1819 
 
 Moses. Lawgiver of the Jews 1571 . 1451 b.c. 
 
 Moses Chorenensis. Armen. Abp. {Hist, of Armenia) £[.462-'' 
 Mosheira, John Lawrence von. {Ecclesiastical History) 1694. .1755 
 Moss, Robert, Dean of Ely. Divine and Poet. {Sermons) 1666 . . 1 729 
 
 Mossom, Robert. Bishop of Derry. Writer — . . 1679 
 
 Mossop, Henry. Tragedian 1729. .1773 
 
 Mostert, or Mostaert, John. Dutch Painter i499- • i555 
 
 Mothe, Jane Mary de la, Madame Guyon, q.v. Mystic 1648. .1717 
 Mothe le Vayer, Francis de la. Fr. Skeptic. {Dialogues) 1588. . 1672 
 
 Motherby, George, m. d. {Medical Dictionary) 1731 • '1793 
 
 Motherwell, Wm. Journalist & Poet. L. by M' Conochy 1 798 . . 1835 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 289 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Motte, Anthony Houdart de la. French Writer 1672. . 
 
 Motte Cadillac, Anthony de la. Founder of Detroit 1660 ''.aft. 
 Motteux, Feter Anthony. Fr. Dram. Writer in English 1660. . 
 Motteville, Frances Bertaut de. {Mem.ofAnneofAustr.) 1621.. 
 
 Mottley, John. Historical and Humorous Writer 1692. . 
 
 Moucheron, Frederick. The Old. Dutch Landsc. Paint. 1633. . 
 
 Moucheron, Isaac, son. Painter 1670. . 
 
 Moufet, or Mutfet, Thomas, m. d. ( Theatrum Insectoi-um) — . . 
 
 Mouhy, Charles de Fieux. Romance Writer 1702, . 
 
 MoTilin, Du. See Dumoulin. 
 
 Motiltrie, William. American Revolutionary Officer. . . 1731. . 
 
 Mounier, John Joseph. French Politician 1758 . . i 
 
 Mountagu, or Montague, Richard. Bishop of Chichester 1578. , 
 Movmtain, Geo. Jehoshaphat. Ld. Bp. of Quebec ; Writer 1789. , 
 
 Mountfort, William. Actor and Dramatic Writer 1659. . 
 
 Mountnorris, George Annesley, Earl of, and Lord Va- 
 
 lentia, q.v 1770. . 
 
 Mourad Bey. Mameluke Chief 1750 . , 
 
 Mouradja d'Ohsson, Ignatius. ( The Ottoman Empire) 1740. , 
 
 Mouret, John Joseph. French Musical Composer 1682. , 
 
 Mourgues, Matthew de. Controversial Writer 1582. 
 
 Mourgues, Michael. French Mathematician 1642?. 
 
 Moustier, Charles Albert de. French Dramatic Writer 1760. . 
 
 Movers, Francis Charles. German Orientalist 1806. . 
 
 Moxon, Joseph. Hydrographer and Mathematical Writer 1627 . . 
 
 Moyle, Robert. Legal Writer — . , 
 
 Moyle, Walter. Political Writer 1672 . , 
 
 Moyses, David. Scottish Diarist. {Affairs of Scotland) 1573. , 
 Mozart, John Chrysostora Wolfgang Amadeus. Musical 
 
 Composer. Life by Edward Holmes; Herr Jahn 1756. , 
 
 Mozart, John George Leopold. German Musician 1719- 
 
 Mozeen, Thomas. Dramatist and Song Writer — . , 
 
 Mudge, John, m. d. Physician and Mechanic. Improver 
 
 of Telescope — . , 
 
 Mudge, Thomas. Mechanic. Improver of Chronometer 171 5. , 
 Mudge, William. General. Trigonometrical Surveyor 1762. 
 Mudge, Rev. Zachary. Divine. Friend of Dr. Johnson — . 
 
 Mudie, Robert. Naturalist 1777- 
 
 Mudo, Fernandez el. John Fernaridez Navarrete. Paint. 1524?. 
 Muehlenbruch, Christian Frederick. German Jurist . . 1785 ., ] 
 Mueller. See Miiller. 
 Muellner, Amadeus Godfrey Adolphus. Ger. Dramatist 1774. 
 
 Muencer, or Muenzer. See Miincer — . 
 
 Muench, Ernest Hermann Joseph von. Ger. Historian 1798, .i 
 Muenchhausen. See Miinchhausen. 
 
 Muennich, Burchard Christopher, Count. See Miinnich 1683. 
 Muenster. See Miinster. 
 
 Muenter, Balthasar. German Divine and Poet i735 • 
 
 Muet, Peter le. French Architect 1591 . 
 
 Muggleton, Lodowicke. English Sectary 1609. . ] 
 
 Muhlenberg, Henry Ernest, d. d. American Clergyman 
 
 and Divine 1753..] 
 
 Muhlenberg, Peter. American Revolutionary General 1746. 
 Miihlenbruch, Christian Frederick. German Jurist ... 1785 . 
 19 
 
290 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Muilman, Peter. Historian of Essex — . .1790 
 
 Muis, Simon Marotte de. French Hebraist ^587- • 1644 
 
 Mulcaster, Richard. • Schoolmaster and Writer 1535 ^ 161 1 
 
 Mulgrave, Constantine John Phipps, Earl of. Navigator 1744. -1792 
 Mtilgrave, John Sheffield, Earl of, and Duke of Bucks. 
 
 Poet. {Essay on Poetry) 1649. .1721 
 
 Mulinari, or Molinari, John Anthony. Italian Painter. . 1577. .1640? 
 
 Miiller, Andrew. German Orientalist 1630 . . 1694 
 
 Miiller, Charles Ottfried. Classical Scholar. (Dorians) 1797. .1840 
 
 Miiller, Christian Frederick von. Engraver '. 1783 . . 1816 
 
 Miiller, Frederick. German Painter and Poet 1750- • 1825 
 
 Miiller, Gerard Frederick. Traveler and Historian. ( Col- 
 lection of Russian Histories) 1705 . .1783 
 
 Miiller, Henry. Lutheran Div. {Harmonia N. et V. Test.) 1631 . . 1675 
 Miiller, John. Regionvmtanus. Archbishop of Ratisbon. 
 
 Astronomer and Mechanician 1436 . . 1476 
 
 Miiller, John. Engraver of Amsterdam fl. 1589-1625 
 
 Muller, John. Mathematician and Writer on Artillery. . — . .1784 
 Miiller, John von. Swiss Historian. ( Universal Histm-y) 1752. .1809 
 
 Miiller, John. German Physiologist 1801 . . 1858 
 
 Miiller, John Gotthard von. Engraver I747' -1830 
 
 Miiller, Louis Christian. Prussian Engineer. ( Wars of 
 
 Frederick the Great) 1735 . . 1804 
 
 Miiller, Otho Frederick. Danish Naturalist f-73'^- • 1784 
 
 Miiller, Peter Erasmus. Dan. Theologian and Antiquary 1776. . 1834 
 
 Miiller, William. German Writer and Lyric Poet i794- -1827 
 
 Muller, William John. English Artist 1812. .1845 
 
 Miillner, Amadeus Godfrey Adolphus. Ger. Dramatist 1774. .1829 
 
 Mulready, William, k. a. Painter 1786. . 1863 
 
 Miinoer, or Miinzer, Thomas. German Anabaptist. Life 
 
 by Strobel — . . 1525 
 
 Miinch, Ernest Herrmann Joseph von. Ger. Historian 1798. .1841 
 MiinchJiausen, Gerlach Adolphus, Baron. Hanoverian 
 
 Statesman 1688. .1770 
 
 Miinchhausen, Jerome Charles Frederick von. {Mar~ 
 
 velom Travels.) Life by Biirgen 1720 . .1797 
 
 Munck, John. Danish Navigator 1589 . . 1628 
 
 Muncker, Thomas. ( Mythographi Latini) — . . 1680 
 
 Munday, Anthony. Dramatic Poet. ( City Pageants). . 1554. . 1633 
 Munden, Joseph Shepherd. Comedian. Life by J. S. 
 
 Munden, 1843 1758- • 1832 
 
 Mundinus, or Mondino. Ital. Physician and Anatomist 1250?. 1326 
 Miinnich, Burchard Christopher, Count. Russian Mar- 
 shal and Exile 1683.. 1767 
 
 Munoz, or Mugnoz, John Baptist. Spanish Historian. . 1745. -1799 
 Munro, Sir Thomas. Gov. of Madras. L. by Gleig, 1850 1 760 . . 1827 
 Miinster, Ernest Frederick rferbert, Count von. Hano- 
 verian Statesman 1766. . 1839 
 
 Munster, George Fitzclarence, Earl of i794- • 1842 
 
 Miinster, Sebastian. Mathematician and Philologist. 
 
 ( Universal Cosmography) 1489. .1552 
 
 Miinter, Balthasar. German Divine and Poet I735 • • ^793 
 
 Munting, Abraham. German Botanist 1626. . 1683 
 
 Miinzer. /See Miincer — . • 1525 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 291 
 
 BORN. T>IKD. 
 
 Sffurad I., Morad, or Amurath. Ottoman Sultan (1360-89) 1319. . 1389 
 
 Muradll. (1422-51) 1404. .1451 
 
 MuradlU. (1574-95) 1544. .1595 
 
 Murad IV. (1623-40) i6io?.i64o 
 
 Miiralt, Beat Louis de. Swiss Traveler in Europe — . .1760 
 
 Muralt, John. Swiss Physician and Anatomist 1645 . .1733 
 
 Murat, Joachim. Marshal of France. King of Naples 1771'. 1815 
 
 MTiratori, Louis Anthony. Italian Historian 1672. .1750 
 
 Muravieff, Michael Nikltitch. Russian Writer i757- .1807 
 
 Murdock, James, d. d. American Divine and "Writer . . 1776. . 1856 
 
 Mure, Sir William. Scottish Poet i594- • 1657 
 
 Mure, Wilham, of Caldwell. Classical Writer i799- • i860 
 
 Muret, or Muretus, Mark Anthony. Classical Scholar. 
 
 ( Va7-icB Lectiones) 1526. . 1585 
 
 Murger, Henry. Fr. Writer. {Scenes of Bohemian Life) 1822. .i860 
 
 Murillo, Bartholomew Stephen. Spanish Painter 1618. .1682 
 
 Murimuth, Adam. Chronicler fl. 1350'' 
 
 Miiris, John de. Doctor of the Sorhonne — aft.1345 
 
 Murner, Thomas. Ger. Satirist and Opponent of the Ref. 1475 . -1536^ 
 Murphy, Arthur. Writer. Transl. of Tacitus. L. by Foote 1727. .1805 
 Murpliy, James Cavanagh. Architect, Antiquary, and 
 
 Traveler. {Antiquities of the Arabians in Spain) 1760?. 1816 
 
 Murphy, Robert. Mathematician 1806. . 1843 
 
 Mutt, Christopher Theophilus von. Bibliogr. and Antiq. i y^S .-1811 
 Murray, Alexander, d . d . Philologist. ( History of Euro- 
 pean Languages) 1775- -1813 
 
 Murray, Alexander. American Naval Officer 1755 . . 1821 
 
 Murray, Lord Charles. Scottish Jacobite 1687. .1729 
 
 Murray, Lord George. Scottish Jacobite Commander. . 1705. .1760 
 
 Murray, Sir George. General and Statesman 1772. . 1846 
 
 Murray, Hugh. Geographical Writer. {Encyc.ofGeog.) ijyg. .1846 
 Murray, James. Scot. Dissent. Div. in Lond. {Aletheia) 1702. .1758 
 Murray, James. Scot. Dissenting Minister. Hist. Writer — ..1782 
 Murray, or Moray, James Stuart, Earl of. Good Regent. 
 
 Assassinated i53i- '1570 
 
 Murray, John. American Clergyman 1741 . . 1815 
 
 Murray, John. Physician and Natural Philosopher. ... — . .1820 
 
 Murray, Dr. John. Musical Composer — ••1833 
 
 Murray, John. Publisher 1778 . . 1843 
 
 Murray, John Andrew. Physician and Naturalist 1740. .1791 
 
 Murray, Lindley. Grammarian. L. by self & Frank, 1826 1745 . . 1^26 
 
 Murray, Matthew, of Leeds. Mechanist 1763. .1826 
 
 Murray, Nicholas, d.d. Amer. Clergyman and Author 1803. .1861 
 Murray, Patrick, Fifth Lord Elibank. Scottish Writer. . 1703. .1778 
 
 Murray, Sir Robert. Scottish Statesman — . . 1673 
 
 Murray, Thomas. Scottish Portrait Painter : 1666'' .1724 
 
 Murray, William. Earl of Mansfield. Lord Chief Jus- 
 tice. Life by Halliday 1705 . .1793 
 
 Murray, William. Actor 1791 . . 1852 
 
 Murray, William Vans. American Diplomatist 1762?. 1803 
 
 Musa Ibn-IQosseyr. Arab Conqueror 640.. 717 
 
 Musaeus, John Charles Augustus. German Writer 1735 •• 1787 
 
 Musculus, Andrew. Lutheran Div. Writer on Prophecy — ..1580 
 Musculus, Wolfgang. Protestant Reformer 1497. . 1563 
 
292 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Musgrave, Sir Richard, m. p. {Mem. of Irish Rebellions) I758^ 1818 
 Musgrave, Samuel, m. d. Physician and Greek Scholar — . .1782 
 Musgrave, William, m. d. Physician and Antiquary. . . 1657. .1721 
 
 Mushet, David. Inventor in Iron 1772. . 1847 
 
 Mushet, Robert. Writer on the Currency — . . 1828 
 
 Musitau, Charles. Italian Medical Writer 1635 . .1714 
 
 Musius, or Muys, Cornelius. Dutch Schol. & Lat. Poet 1503. .1572 
 
 Musonius, Caius Rufus. Roman Stoic Philosopher fl. ist c. 
 
 Muss, Charles. Painter in Enamel. {Holy Family) — . . 1824 
 
 Mussato, Albertin. Italian Historian and Poet 1261 . . 1330 
 
 Musschenbroek, Peter van. Dutch Natural Philoso- 
 pher and Mathematician 1692. .1761 
 
 Musset, Louis Charles Alfred de. French Poet c 1810. . 1857 
 
 Musso, CorneUus. Italian Bishop and Preacher 15 1 1 . . 1574 
 
 Mustapha I. Sultan of Turkey (1617-23) — . . 1639 
 
 MustaphaLE. (1695-1703) — ..1703 
 
 Mustapha III. (1757-74) '.. — ..1774 
 
 Mustapha IV. (1807-8) — . . 1808 
 
 Musurus, Marcus. (Jreek Scholar at Venice. {JEtymo- 
 
 logicum Magnum Grmcum) 1470?. 1517 
 
 Mutiauo, or Muziano, Jerome. Italian Painter 1528 .1590 or 2 
 
 Mutis, Joseph Celestine. Spanish Naturalist 1734. . 1808 
 
 Muy, Louis Nicholas Victor, Ct. de. Marshal of France 1711 . . 1775 
 Muys, Wyer William. Dutch Physician and Mathem. 1682.. 1744 
 
 Muziano, Jerome. Italian Painter and Architect 1528 . 1 590 or 2 
 
 Muzio, Jerome. Italian Writer 1496 . . 1 576 
 
 Myconlus, Frederick. German Reformer 1491 . . 1546 
 
 Myconius, Oswald. Swiss Reformer. {Lif e of Zwingli) 148S. .i^s,2 
 Myddelton, Sir Hugh. Civil Engineer. See Middleton 1565''. 1631 
 
 Mydorge, Claude. French Mathematician 1585 . . 1647 
 
 Myers, Thomas, ll. d. Writer on Geography — . . 1834 
 
 Mylne, Robert. Architect. i734- • 1811 
 
 Myn, Hubert van der. Dutch Painter 1684. . 1741 
 
 Mynsicht, Adrian von. Physician and Chemist fl. 1631 
 
 Mynster, Jacob Peter. Danish Theologian i775 • • 1854 
 
 Myrepsus, Nicholas. Greek Physician of Alexandria. 
 
 {Antidotarium) fl. 13th c. 
 
 Myron. Greek Sculptor fl. b.c. 480 
 
 Mytens, Arnold. Flemish Painter in Italy 1541 • • 1602 
 
 Mytens, Daniel. The Elder. Flemish Painter in Eng. 1590. .1660? 
 
 Mytens, Daniel. Flemish Painter 1636. . 1688 
 
 Mytens, Martin. Swedish Painter at Vienna 1695 . . 1755 
 
 Mytton, Thomas. Parliamentarian General — . . 1656 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 293 
 
 N. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Nabis. Tyrant of Sparta (B. c. 207-192) — B.c.192 
 
 Nabunal, Elias de. Cardinal. Divine — . . 1367 
 
 JSracliman, Moses Ben. Spanish Kabbi ii94- • — 
 
 Naclantus, or Nacchiante, James. Italian Theologian . . — ..1569 
 
 Nadab. King of Israel (b. c. 954-953) — B.c.953 
 
 Nadeshdin, Nicolai Ivanovitch. Russian Author 1804. . 1856 
 
 Nadir Shah, or Kouli Khan. King of Persia. Life by 
 
 Fraser, 1742; Sir Wm. Jones, tr. from Persian 1687. .1747 
 
 NsBvius, Cneius. Roman Poet 274? . 202? b.c. 
 
 Nagy Sandor, Joseph. Hungarian General 1804. , 1849 
 
 Nahl, John Augustus. Prussian Sculptor 1710..1781 
 
 Nahuna. Hebrew Prophet fl. 7th c. b.c. 
 
 Nairn, Caroline. Poetess 1766. . 1845 
 
 Nairn, William Murray, Lord. Scottish Jacobite 1657. .1725 
 
 Nakhimoff, Nicolavitch. Russian Poet 1782. .1814 
 
 Naldi, Sebastian. Italian Singer — . . 1819 
 
 Nalson, John. Divine and Historian 1638?. 1686 
 
 Nanek, or Nanuk. Founder of the Sikh Sect 1469. .1539 
 
 Nangis, William de. Historian. {Life of St. Louis) .. . — ..1302? 
 Nani, John Baptist. Venetian Statesm. {Hist, of Venice) 1616. .1678 
 Nanni, John. Giovanni da Udino. Ornamental Artist. . 1494.. 1564 
 Nanni, or Nannius, Peter. Dutch Critic and Philologist 1500. .1557 
 
 Nannini, Agnolo. Italian Writer 1493 . . — 
 
 Nanteuil, Robert. Fr. Miniature Painter and Engraver 1630. .1678 
 
 Nantigni, Louis Chazot de. Genealogical Writer 1692. .1755 
 
 Napier, Sir Chas. Admiral. L. by Maj .-Gen. Elers Napier 1786 . . i860 
 Napier, Sir Charles James. General; Conqueror of 
 
 Scinde. Life by Sir W. F. P. Napier 1782. . 1853 
 
 Napier, Henry Edward. Naval Officer and Author 1789. . 1853 
 
 Napier, John, Lord, of Merchiston. Inventor of Loga- 
 rithms. Life by Earl Buchan and Walter Minto 1550. . 161 7 
 
 Napier, Macvey. Editor of Edinburgh Review 1776. . 1847 
 
 Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick. General. {History. 
 
 of the Peninsular War.) Life by H. A. Bruce, 1863 . . 1785 . . i860 
 
 Napoleon I. Emperor of France. See Bonaparte 1769. .1821 
 
 Napoleon II. King of Rrnne. See Bonaparte 1811. .1832 
 
 Narbonne-Lara, Louis, Count of. French Statesman. . 1755 . . 1813 
 
 Narborough, Sir John. Admiral — . . 1688 
 
 Nardi, James. Italian Historian 1476. -1556? 
 
 Nardini, Peter. Violinist 1722. .1793 
 
 Nares, Rev. Edmund, d. c. l. Professor at Oxford. 
 
 ( Thinks I to Myself) 1762. .1841 
 
 Nares, James, mus. doc Musical Composer 1715 • -^7^3 
 
 Nares, Rev. Robert. ( Glossary ; Chron. View of Prophecy) 1753.. 1829 
 
 Narses. Byzantine General and Statesman 473?. 568 
 
 Naruszewicz, Adam Stanislaus. Polish Hist, and Poet 1733. .1796 
 
 Narvaez, Pamphila de. Spanish Commander — aft. 1528 
 
 Nash, Abner. American Lawyer and Politician — ..1786 
 
 Nash, Francis, brother. Soldier — . . i777 
 
 Nash, Frederick. American Jurist 1781 . . 1858 
 
294 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 iN'ash, John. Architect 1752. . 1835 
 
 Ifash, Richard, of Bath. Beau. Life by Goldsmith 1674. .1761 
 
 Nash, Samuel, ll. b. Poetical Writer — . . 1829 
 
 Nash, Thomas. Dramatist and Satiric Writer 1567. . 1600? 
 
 Nash, Thomas. Miscellaneous Writer — ..1648 
 
 Nash, Dr. Treadway Russell. {History of Worcester). . . 1726. .1811 
 Nasini, Joseph Nicholas. Italian Historical Painter .... 1660''. 1736 
 Nasnoith, David. Scot. Philanthr. L. by Dr. Campbell 1799. .1839 
 
 Nasmith, James, d. d. Divine and Antiquary 1740- • 1808 
 
 Nasmyth, Alexander. Scottish Landscape Painter 1758. .1840 
 
 Nasmyth, Peter, or Patrick, son. Landscape Painter. . . 1786. . 1831 
 Nassir-eddin. Mahometan Philosopher and Astronomer 1201 . . 1274 
 
 Natalis, Michael, of Liege. Engraver 1609^. 1670 
 
 Nathan, Isaac, or Mordecai. Rabbi. {Heb. Concordance) tl. 1450? 
 Nattier, John Mark le. French Artist ; Professor at Paris 1685 . . 1766 
 Nattier, Lawrence. Engraver of Intaglios at Petersburg — . .1763 
 Naud6, or Naudaeus, Gabriel. Fr. Writer. (Naudmana) 1600. .1653 
 
 Naud6, Philip. French Mathematician at Berlin 1654. .1729 
 
 Naudet, Thomas Charles. French Landscape Painter. . 1774. .1810 
 Naumarm, John Frederick. German Ornithologist .... 1780. .1857 
 
 Naiunanii, John Theophilus. German Composer 1741 • • i8oi 
 
 Naunton, Sir Robert; Statesman. {Fragmenta Regalia) i^(>t,. .16-^^ 
 Navagero, or Naugerius, Andrew. Ital. Orator and Poet 1483. . 1529 
 Navagero, Bernard. Cardinal; Venetian Statesman and 
 
 Scholar 1507. .1565 
 
 Navarette, or Navarrete, John Fernandez Ximenes de. 
 
 El Mudo. Spanish Painter 1524^. i577 
 
 Navarre, Peter de. Spanish Warrior — . .1528 
 
 Navarrete, Domingo Fernandez. Span. Miss, to China — . . 1689 
 Navarrete, Martin Fernandez de. ( Coleccion de los Via- 
 
 jes ; Coleccion de Documentos) 1765 . . 1844 
 
 Navier, Peter Toussaint. French Physician and Chemist 1 7 1 2 . . 1 779 
 
 Naylor, James. Enthusiast 1616?. 1660 
 
 NeaJ, Daniel. Divine and Hist. {Hist, of the Puritans) 1678. .1743 
 Neal, Joseph C. American Miscellaneous Writer. {Char- 
 coal Sketches) 1807. . 1848 
 
 Neander, Christopher Frederick. German Poet. ( Geist- 
 
 liche Lieder) 1724. .1802 
 
 Neander, John Augustus William. Ecclesiastical Hist. 1789. .1850 
 Neander, Michael. Ger. Physician and Mathematician 1529. .1581 
 Neander, Michael, of Ilfeldt. {Erotemata Grceccs Ling.) 1525. .1595 
 
 Nearchus. Greek Admiral 4th c. B.C. 
 
 Nebuchadnezzar. King of Babylon — B.c.562 
 
 Neck, John van. Dutch Painter 1635 . . 1714 
 
 Neckar, Professor. Swiss Naturalist in Skye — . . 1862 
 
 Necker, James. Statesman and Financier. Life by Mme. 
 
 de Stael 1732. • 1804 
 
 Necker, Noel Joseph. Dutch Bot. ( Elementa Botanica) 1 729 . . 1 793 
 Necker, Susanne Curchod de Naase, wife of James. {Re- 
 
 fiexions sur le Divorce). 1739- • ^794 
 
 Neckham, Alexander. English Abbot; Scholar & Poet — ..1227 
 Needham, John Turberville. Roman Catholic Divine 
 
 and Naturalist 1713- -1781 
 
 Needham, or Nedham, Marchamont. Political Writer 1620.. 1678 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 295 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Neef, or Neefs, Peter. The Elder. Dutch Painter of Ar- 
 chitecture 1570- • 1651 
 
 Neele, Henry. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer 1798- • 1828 
 
 Ifeer, Arnold van der. Dutch Landscape Painter 1619. . 1683 
 
 Weer, Eglon Hendrick van der, son. Historical and Por- 
 trait Painter 1643. .1703 
 
 Ifeercassel, John de. Dutch Bishop. {Amor Pcenitens) 1626. .16Z6 
 Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Godfrey Daniel. Ger- 
 man Botanist and Naturalist i776- • 1858 
 
 Neff, Felix. Afmtle of the Alps. L. by W. S. Gilly ; Bost 1 798 ^ . 1829 
 
 Nelieiniah. Governor of Judaea fl. B.C. 444 
 
 Neledinski-Meletzki, Yourgi, or George. Russian Bal- 
 lad Writer 1752.. 1829 
 
 Neller, George Christopher. German Archaeologist 1709- -1783 
 
 Nelson, David. American Physician and Clergyman . . 1793. -1844 
 Welson, Horatio, Viscount. Admiral. Life by Harrison, 
 
 1806; Clarke & McArthur, 1809; Southey; Pettigrew 1758. .1805 
 Nelson, Robert. ( Fasts and Festivals. ) Life by Secretan 1656 . . 1 7 1 5 
 Nelson, Thomas. American Revolutionary Officer and 
 
 Statesman 1738.. 1789 
 
 Nelson, William. American General 1825 . . 1862 
 
 Nelson, Wolfred, m. d. Canadian Physician, Politician, 
 
 and Philanthropist 1802. . 1863 
 
 Nemesianus, Marcus Aurelius Olympius. Latin Poet. 
 
 ( Cynegetica) ^ fl. 283 
 
 Nemesius. Bp. of Emesa. Philos. {De Naturd Hominis) fl. 400? 
 Nemours, Mary de Longueville, Duchess de. ( Memoirs 
 
 of the Court of France) 1625 . .1707 
 
 Nennius. Abbot of Bangor. Historian fl. 620"^ 
 
 Neper, or Napier. Inventor of Logarithms. /See Napier 1550. .1617 
 
 Nepomucen, John, St., or John of Nepomuck 1320. .1383 
 
 Nepos, Cornelius. Rom. Historian. ( Vit(B Imperatorum) fl. ti. Aug. 
 Nepos, Flavins Julius. Emperor of the West (473-80) . . — . . 480 
 
 Neri, Philip de, St. Founder of the Oratory 1515- -1595 
 
 Neri, Pompeio. Italian Political Economist 1707- -1776 
 
 Nerli, Philip. Italian Historian 1485 . .1556 
 
 Nero. Roman Emperor (54-68) T^y.. 68 
 
 Nerva. Roman Emperor (96-98) 32.. 98 
 
 Nesbit, Anthony. Writer on Land Surveying & Agricul. 1777?. 1859 
 Nesbit, Alexander. Scott. Antiquary and Heraldic Writer 1672. . 1725 
 
 Nesle, — de. French Poetical and Prose Writer — . .1767 
 
 Nesse, Christopher. Nonconformist Divine. L. by Silver 1621 . .1705 
 Nesselrode, Charles Robert, Count von. Russ. Diplom. 1780. .1862 
 
 Nestor. Earliest Russian Chronicler 1056'. 11 16? 
 
 Nestorius. Patriarch of Constantinople ; Heresiarch . . — .. 450? 
 
 Netscher, Constantine. Painter 1670. .1722 
 
 ^ eischer, Caspar. Flemish Painter 1639 . . 1684 
 
 Netscher, Theodore, son. Painter 1661 . .1732 
 
 Netter, Thomas. English Carmelite ; Theologian 1367? . 1430 
 
 Nettlebladt, Christian, Baron de. Swedish Writer 1696. . 1776 
 
 Nettlebladt, Daniel. German Jurist 1719- -^79^ 
 
 Nettleton, Dr. Asahel. American Revival Preacher. 
 
 Life by Bennet Tyler 1783. .18^4 
 
 Neubauer, Ernest Frederick. Ger. TheoL and Antiq. i64i?.i684 
 
296 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 ITeuliof, Theodore Stephen, Baron von. German Adven- 
 turer. King of Corsica 1690. .1756 
 
 Weukirch, Benjamin. German Poet 1665 . .1729 
 
 Neukomin, Sigismund, Chevalier. German Composer 1778. .1857 
 
 Neuraann, Caspar. German Chemist 1682. .1737 
 
 Weuraann, John George. German Lutheran Divine . . . 1661. .1709 
 
 Weuville, Charles Frey de. Jesuit Preacher 1693. .1774 
 
 Neuville, Didier Peter Chicaneau de. {Dlctionnaire Phi- 
 
 losophique) 1 720 . . 1 78 1 
 
 Wevile, or Nevyle, Alex. Poet & Writer; tr. of CEdipus 1544. .1614 
 Wevile, Henry. Republican Writer. (Plato Redivivus) 1620.. 1694 
 Nevile, Thomas. Dean of Canterbury; Benefactor to 
 
 Trinity College — . . 1615 
 
 Neville, Rev. Robert, b. d. Divine and Dramatist — . . 1694 
 
 K"ewburgh, William of. Historian 1136. .1208 
 
 Newcastle, Henry Clinton, Duke of. Statesman 181 1 . . 1864 
 
 Newcastle, Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, 
 
 Duke of. Statesman 1785 . . 1851 
 
 Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of. Life by 
 
 self and Brydges — . . 1673 
 
 Newcastle, Thomas Holies Pelham, Duke of. Statesm. 1694. .1768 
 Newcastle, Wm. Cavendish, Duke of. Royalist »Sc Writer 1 592 . . 1676 
 
 Newcome, Rev. Henry. Divine and Author — -"^^^^ 
 
 Newcome, Rev. Peter. Divine and Author 1656. .1730 
 
 Newcome, William. Archbishop of Armagh 1729. • 1800 
 
 Newcomen, Matthew. Nonconformist Divine — . . 1766 
 
 Newdigate, Sir Roger. Founder of Prize at Oxford. . . 17 19. .1806 
 Newell, Mrs. Harriet (Atwood). American Missionary . . 1 793 . . 1812 
 
 Newell, Robert Hassell, b. d. Editor of Goldsmith 1780. .1852 
 
 Newell, Samuel. American Missionary 1784. . 1^21 
 
 Newland, John. Abbot. Diplomatist — ••1515 
 
 Newland, Peter. Dutch Mathematician 1764. .1794 
 
 Newman, Rev. John. Translator of Xenophon — • • 1719 
 
 Newman, Wm., d. d. Bapt. Minister. L. by G. Prichard 1772 . . 1835 
 
 Newman, William Lewis. Miscellaneous Writer 1760. . 1834 
 
 Newport, George. Naturalist and Physiologist 1803. .1854 
 
 Newton, Gilbert Stuart, r. a. Painter i794- • 1835 
 
 Newton, Henry, ll. d. Diplomatist and Latin Poet. ... — • • 1715 
 Newton, Sir Isaac. Life b}^ Fontenelle, 1728 (in English 
 same year) ; Frisi, 1778 ; Biot, 1822 ; Brewster, 1831 
 (also in German and French); De Morgan, 1833; 
 Whewell {Newton and Flamsteed), 1836; Correspond- 
 ence with Cotes, 1850; Brewster, 1855 1642. . 1727 
 
 Newton, John, d. d. Mathematician and Divine 1622. .1678 
 
 Newton, Rev. John. ( Cardiphonia.) Life by Rd. Cecil 1725. .1807 
 Newton, Richard. Canon of Christ Church, Oxford; 
 
 Benefactor 1676?. 1753 
 
 Newton, Robert, d. d. Scottish Clergyman 1780. . 1854 
 
 Newton, Thomas. Latin Poet and Divine, Historical 
 
 and Medical Writer — . • 1607 
 
 Newton, Thomas. Bishop of Bristol. ( On the Prophe- 
 cies.) Life by self 1704- • 1782 
 
 Newton, William. ( History of Maidstone) — . . i744 
 
 Newton, William. The Peak Minstrel — . . 1830 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 297 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 lJ"ey, Joseph Napoleon, Prince of the Moskva 1803 . . 1857 
 
 Ney, Michael. Marshal of France 1769. .1815 
 
 Wibby, Anthony. Roman Archaeologist 1792. . 1839 
 
 Wicaise, Claude. French Scholar 1623 . . 1701 
 
 Nicander. Greek Poet and Grammarian fl. 2d c. B.C. 
 
 Nicander, Charles Augustus. Swedish Poet i799- • 1839 
 
 Niccola di Pisa. II Pisano. Sculptor and Architect 1200'' . aft. 1273 
 
 Niccoli, Nicholas. Restorer of Learning 1363 . . 1437 
 
 Niccolini, John Baptist. Italian Poet 1785 . . 1861 
 
 Nicepliorus I. Emp. of the East (802-11). Logotheta — .. 811 
 
 Nicephorus II. (963-69. ) Phocas 912? . 969 
 
 Nicephorus III. (1078-81.) Botonintes — aft.io8i 
 
 Nicephorus. Patriarch of Constantinople. {Breviarium) 758.. 828 
 Nicephorus CaUistus. Monk of Constantinople. {Ec- 
 clesiastical History) fl. 1450? 
 
 Nicephorus Gregoras. Byzantine Historian 1295?. 1359? 
 
 Niceron, John Francis. Optical Writer 1613. . 1646 
 
 Nic^ron, John Peter. French Biographer 1685 . . 1738 
 
 Nicetas, Acominatus. Byzantine Historian — ..12 16? 
 
 Nichol, John Pringle, ll. d. Prof, of Astron. at Glasgow 1804. . 1859 
 
 Nicholas I. Pope (858-67). The Great — . . 867 
 
 Nicholas II. (1058-61.) Gerard —,.1061 
 
 Nicholas III. ( 1277-80. ) John Cajetan — . . 1 280 
 
 Nicholas IV. (1288-92. ) Jerome of Ascoli — . . 1292 
 
 Nicholas V. (1447-55.) Thomas Parenfucelli, or of 
 
 Sarzana. Life by Manetti ; Georgi, 1742 1398 . . 1455 
 
 Nicholas I. Emperor of Russia (1825-55). Life by Miss 
 
 Mayne ; E. H. Michelsen 1796. . 1855 
 
 Nicholas, Abraham. Penman 1692?. 1744? 
 
 Nicholls, Frank, M. d. Medical Writer 1699. .1778 
 
 Nicholls, Sir Geo. Publicist. {History of the Poor Laws) 1780. . 1865 
 Nicholls, William. Divine. ( Conference with a Theist) 1664. .1712? 
 
 Nichols, Ichabod, d. d. American Divine 1784. . 1859 
 
 Nichols, James. Printer and Writer. {Arminianism and 
 
 Calvinism) — . .1861 
 
 Nichols, John. Printer, with Bowyer. {Anec. ofBowyer) 1 745 . . 1826 
 
 Nichols, John Bowyer. Printer and Archaeologist 1807? . 1863 
 
 Nicholson, Alfred. Painter in Water Colors — ..1836 
 
 Nicholson, James. American Naval Officer '"■737- • 1804 
 
 Nicholson, John. Dramatic Writer — . . 1822 
 
 Nicholson, John. Brigadier-General; fell at Delhi 1821. .1857 
 
 Nicholson, William. Chemist and Natural Philosopher 1758. . 1815 
 
 Nicias. Athenian General in Sicily — b.o. 413 
 
 Nicias. Athenian Painter fl. B.C. 320 
 
 Nicolai, Christopher Frederick. Ger. Bookseller & Writ. 1733 .. 181 1 
 Nicolai, John, of Paris. Theologian; Editor of Aquinas 1594?. 1673 
 
 Nicolas, of Cusa. Bishop of Brixen. Theologian 1401 . . 1454 
 
 Nicolas, of Lyra. Biblical Commentator — ••1340 
 
 Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris. Antiquary i799- • 1848 
 
 Nicolaus Myrepsus. Greek Medical Writer fl. 1240-80? 
 
 Nicolay, Louis Henry, Baron. German Poet i737- .1820 
 
 Nicole, Claud^. French Poet 161 1 . . 1685 
 
 Nicole, Francis. French Mathematician 1683 . . 1758 
 
 Nicole, Peter. Jansenist of Port Royal. {Essaisde Morale) 1625.. 1695 
 
298 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Nicoll, Robert. Scottish Poet; Editor of Leeds Times . . 1814. .1837 
 M"icollet, J. N. Fr. Astronomer and Geological Explorer 1795^ ^^43 
 
 Wicolo del Abbate. Italian Painter 1512 . .1572 
 
 Nicolo Isouaxd. French Dramatic Writer i777- .1818 
 
 Wicolosio, John Baptist. Sicilian Geographer 1610. . 1670 
 
 Nicolson, William. Archbishop of Cashel. Antiquary 1655. .1727 
 Nicomedes I. King ofBithynia ; Founder of Nicomedia — B.c.250? 
 
 WTicomedes II. (b. c. 149-91.) Epiplumes — B.C. 91 
 
 Wicomedes III. (b. c. 91-74. ) Philopator — b.c. 74 
 
 JSTicon, or Nikon. Patriarch of Russia. Historian 1605.. 1681 
 
 Nicot, John. French Statesman; introduced Tobacco . . 1530.. 1600 
 Nidhard, John Everard. Cardinal. Spanish Statesman 1608, .1681 
 Niebuhr, Barthold George. German Historian. {His- 
 tory of Rome.) L. by Bunsen; Brandis & Loebell, 1851 1776. . 1831 
 
 Niebuhr, Carsten. Traveler and Biographer '^733- .1815 
 
 Nield, James. Philanthropist 1 744 . . 1814 
 
 Niemcewicz, Julian Ursin. Polish Author & Statesman 1757. . 1841 
 Nlemeyer, Augustus Hermann, German Theologian 
 
 and Miscellaneous Writer i754- • 1828 
 
 Niepce, Joseph Nic^phore. French Chemist; one of the 
 
 Inventors of Photography 1769 . . 1833 
 
 Nieremberg, John Eusebius. Spanish Jesuit 1590- • 1658 
 
 NieuhoflF, John. Dutch Voyager — aft.1671 
 
 Nieulandt, William van der. Dutch Painter and Writer 1584. . 1635 
 Wieuport, Charles Francis Ferdinand Anthony de Preud'- 
 
 homme d'Hailly, Viscount de. Dutch Mathematician 1746. . 1827 
 Ifieuwentyt, Bernard. Dutch Philosopher and Mathem. 1654, .1718 
 ITieuwland, Peter. Dutch Poet and Natural Philosopher 1764. . 1794 
 
 Nifo, or Niphus, Augustinus. Italian Philosopher I473''- 1538 
 
 Niger, Pescennius. Pretender to the Rom. Emp. (193-94) — .. 194 
 
 Nightingale, Joseph. Unitarian Minister; Writei" 1775 . . 1824 
 
 Nikon. Russian Patriarch. Theologian 1605 , . 1681 
 
 Niles, Hezekiah. American Journalist. {Niks'' s Register) 1777.. 1839 
 NUes, John Milton. American Author and Statesman . . 1787. . 1856 
 NUes, Nathaniel. Amer. Clergyman, Inventor, and Polit. 1741 . . 1828 
 Nisbet, or Nesbit, Alexander. ' Antiq. & Heraldic Writer 1672. .1725 
 
 Nithard, Count of Ponthieu. Historian 790?. 859? 
 
 Nithisdale, Wm. Maxwell, Fifth E. of. Scottish Jacobite 1702. . 1744 
 
 Nivelle de la Chauss6e, Peter Claude. Dramatist 1692. .1754 
 
 Nivernais, Louis Julius Barbon Mancini-Marini, Duke 
 
 de. Diplomatist and Writer 1716. , 1798 
 
 Nixon, John. Divine, Poet, and Natural Philosopher. . . — . .1777 
 
 Nizam al Mulk. Persian General and Statesman 1648?. 1748 
 
 Nizami, or Nidhami. Persian Poet — . . 1 180 
 
 Nizzoli, or Nizolius, Marius. {Thesaurus Ciceronianus) 1498.. 1566 
 
 Noahi Patriarch 2948?. 1998? b.c. 
 
 Noah, Mordecai Manuel. Amer. Journalist and Politician 1785 .. 185 1 
 Noailles, Adrian Maurice, Duke of. Marshal of France 
 
 and Statesman 1678. . 1766 
 
 Noailles, Anthony de. Admiral of France. Ambassa- 
 dor to Mar}' of England 1504. .1582 
 
 Noailles, Francis de, brother. Ambassador in Eng., 1556 1519. .1585 
 Noailles, Louis Anthony de. Cardinal Archbp. of Paris 165 1 . .1729 
 NoaUles, Louis Mary, Viscount. General 1756. . 1804 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 299 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Noble, Edward. Hydrographer & Writer on Perspective — . .1784 
 
 Woble, Eustace le. Historian, Poet, and Romancist 1643. .1711 
 
 Noble, Rev. Mark. Historian and Antiquary — . . 1827 
 
 Noble, Samuel. Clergyman and Author i779- -1853 
 
 Noble, Thomas. Journalist, Novelist, Poet — . . 1837 
 
 Nobrega, Manuel da. Port. Jesuit; Missionary to Brazil — ••1570 
 
 Nodier, Charles. French Writer 1783' . 1844 
 
 Noehden, or Nohden, George Henry. Grammarian and 
 
 Medalist in England "^IJo- • 1826 
 
 Nogarola, Isotta, of Verona. Scholar 1430'' • 1466 
 
 Nogarola, Louis. Italian Scholar and Tridentine Divine 1509? . 1 559 
 Noinville, James Bernard Durey de. ( Hist, of the Opera) 1682 . . 1 768 
 
 Noire, John le. French Jansenist Writer 1622. . 1692 
 
 Nolan, Michael. Writer of Law Books — . . 1827 
 
 Noldius, Christian. Danish Divine and Biblical Writer 1626. .1683 
 
 Nolln, Denis. French Biblical Critic 1648. . 1710 
 
 Nollekens, Francis Joseph. Antwerp Painter in London 1688. .1748 
 NoUekens, Joseph, son. Sculptor. Life by J. T. Smith 1737 . . 1823 
 Nollet, John Anthony. Abb6. Natural Philosopher. .. 1700. .1770 
 
 Nomsz, John. Dutch Poet 1738. . 1803 
 
 Nonnius, or Nunez, Peter. Port. Mathem. & Physician 1492?. 1577 
 Nonnius Pincianus. Spanish Scholar. <See Nuiiez .. 1470?. 1553 
 Nonnus. Greek Poet. {Dionysiaca ; Parapkr. of St. John) 11.410-'' 
 Nonnus, or Nonus. Greek Phys. ('E7rtToju.rj t^s totTpt/c^?) 5.950-'' 
 
 Noodt, Gerard. Dutch Jurist. Life by Barbeyrac 1647. .1725 
 
 Noradin, or Noureddin. Sultan of Syria and Egypt ... 11 16. .1174 
 
 Norbert, St. Founder of Pr^montr^ Order 1092?. 1134 
 
 Norbert, Peter Parisot. {Sur les Missions des Indes). . . . 1697. .1769 
 Nordberg, Joran, or George. Swedish Divine and Hist. 1677. .1744 
 
 Norden, Frederick Louis. Danish Traveler 1 708 . . 1 742 
 
 Norden, John. Topographer. {Survey of Middlesex). . 1548?. 1626? 
 Nordenfleiclit, Chederig Charlotte de. Swedish Poetess 1 749 . . 1 793 
 Nores, Jason de. Ital. Philosopher and Political Writer — .-1590 
 
 Norfolk, Charles Howard, Duke of. Politician 1746. . 1815 
 
 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, and Third 
 
 Duke of. Commander i473- • 1554 
 
 Norgate, Edward. Windsor Herald; Illuminator — . .1650 
 
 Noris, Henry. Ital. Cardinal. {History of Pelagianism) 1631. .1704 
 Nonnanby, Constantino Henry Phipps, Marquess of. 
 
 Statesman I797- • 1863 
 
 Normandy, Dr. Alphonse. Chemist and Writer 181 1 ? . 1864 
 
 Norris, James, of Devizes. Miser — . . 1835 
 
 Norris, John. English Platonist. {Essay on Ideal World) 16^7. .lyii 
 
 Norris, Sir John. Admiral. Foul-weather Jack — . .1749 
 
 Norris, John. Founder of Professorship and Prize 1734. -1777 
 
 North, Dudley, Third Lord. Courtier and Writer 1581 . . 1666 
 
 North, Dudley, Lord, son. {Life of Edward Lord North) 1604 . . 1677 
 North, Sir Dudley. Lord of the Treasury. Writer on 
 
 the Turks. Life by Roger North 1641 . . 1691 
 
 North, Edward, Lord. Lawyer 1496?. 1564 
 
 North, Francis. First Baron Guilford. Lord Keeper. 
 
 Life by Roger North 1637. . 1685 
 
 North, Fred., Second Earl Guilford. Premier; Ld. North 1732. . 1792 
 North, Rev. George. Antiquary 1710. .177a 
 
300 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 North, John, d. d. Master of Trinity College. Life by- 
 Roger North 1645 . . 1683 
 
 UTortli, Roger, Lord. Statesman and Soldier 1531?. 1600 
 
 North, Roger. Att.-Gen. {Examen; Lives of ihe Norths) iSk^o^. 17^4 
 
 North, Sir Thomas. Translator and Author 1535?. aft. 15 79 
 
 Northampton, Spencer J. A. Compton, Marquess of 1790. .1851 
 
 Northcote, James. Painter and Writer on Art 1746. . 1831 
 
 Northouck, John. (History of London) 1746. . 1816 
 
 Northumberland, Algernon Percy, Duke of 1792. . 1865 
 
 Northumberland, Henry Percy, E. of; father of Hotspur — . . 1408 
 Northumberland, Henry Percy, Ninth Earl of. Wizard 1564. . 1632 
 Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of; beheaded. . . 1502. .1553 
 Norton, Andrews. American Scholar and Theologian. 
 
 ( Genuineness of the Gospels) 1786. . 1853 
 
 Norton, Fletcher, Lord Grantley — . . 1 789 
 
 Norton, Frances, Lady. Moral Writer. (Memento Jfon) 1650. .1720 
 
 Norton, Rev. John. Writer 1606. . 1663 
 
 Norton, Samuel. Writer on Alchemy 1548. . 1599^ 
 
 Norton, Thomas. Archicarnifex. Persecutor and Writer 1532. .1584 
 
 Norwood, Richard. Mathematician fl. 1635 
 
 Nostradamus, Michael de. Physician and Astrologer. . 1503. .1566 
 
 Nothelm. Archbishop of Canterbury (735-41) — • • 74i 
 
 Notker, or Notger, r/ic SiaTnraerer, of St. Gall. Writer.. 830?. 912 
 Notker, or Notger. Bishop of Li^ge. (History of the 
 
 Bishops of Liege) — . . 1008 
 
 Nott, Abraham. American Judge and Politician 1767. .1830 
 
 Nott, Eliphalet, d. d. American Educator i773- • 1866 
 
 Nott, Henry Junius. American Scholar and Author 1797. • 1837 
 
 Nott, John, M. D. Poet and Orientalist 1751 • .1826 
 
 Nott, Sir Thomas, f. r. s — . . 1681 
 
 Nott, Sir William, k. c. b. General in the Afghan War 1782. . 1845 
 Nottingham, Daniel Finch, Earl of. Statesm. and Theol. 1647 . . 1 730 
 Nottingham, Heneage Finch, cr. Earl of. Lord. Chanc. 1621 . . 1682 
 
 Noue, Denis de la, of Paris. Printer — . . 1650 
 
 None, Francis de la. Bras de Fer. Huguenot Soldier. 
 
 (Discourses) 1531 . .1591 
 
 Notireddin Mahmoud. Sultan of Syria and Egypt. . . 1 116. .1174 
 
 Nour-jehan. Sultana of Hindostan 1585 . . 1645 
 
 Nourse, Sir Charles. Surgeon 1714. • 1789 
 
 Novalis, or Frederick von Hardenberg. German Writer 1772. . 1801 
 Novarini, Louis. Biblical Commentator, of Verona . . . 1594. .1650 
 
 Novatian. Antipope (251) fl. 251 
 
 Novello, Edward Petre. Painter — . . 1836 
 
 Novello, Vincent. Musician. L. by Mrs. Cowden Clarke 1781 . . 1861 
 Noverre, John George. French Writer on Dancing. ... 1727. .1810 
 
 Noves, Laura de ; loved by Petrarch 1307- • 1348 
 
 NovikofF, Nich. Ivanovitch. Editor of Russian Authors 1744. . 1818 
 Nowell, Alexander. Dean of St. Paul's. ( Catechism.) 
 
 Life by Churton, 1809 1507 or 8. 1602 
 
 Nowell, Lawrence, brother. Dean of Lichfield ; Saxonist 
 
 and Antiquary I5i6?.i576 
 
 Noy, William. Attorney-General ^^77 • • 1634 
 
 Noyes, William Curtis. American Jurist 1805 . . 1864 
 
 Nuck, Anthony. Dutch Physician and Anatomist 1660''. 1692? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 301 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Nugent, Christopher, Lord Delvin 1544 . . 1602 
 
 Wugent, Eugene. JournaUst — . . 1835 
 
 Wugent, George Grenville, Lord. Poet and Misc. Writer 1788. .1851 
 
 Wugent, Maria, Lady — . . 1834 
 
 Wugent, Robert Craggs, Earl. Poet 1709'. 1788 
 
 Wugent, Thomas. Miscellaneous Writer and Translator — ..1772 
 
 Wumerian. Roman Emperor (283) — . . 283 
 
 Nunez, Alvar Cabe^a de Vaca. Explorer — . .1564 
 
 Nunez, Ferdinand de Guzman. Nonnius Pindanus. Pro- 
 moter of Greek learning in Spain. Life by A. Schott 1470?. 1553 
 Nunez, or Nonnius, Peter. Portuguese Mathematician. . 1492?. 1577 
 
 Nutt, Robert. Pirate ; hanged at the Groyne — . . 1632 
 
 Nuttall, Thomas. American Naturalist 1786. . 1859 
 
 Nuwayri. Arabian Historian 1281?. 1331? 
 
 Nuzzi, Mario. De'FimH. Italian Flower Painter 1603. . 1673 
 
 Nye, Philip. Nonconformist Divine 1596?. 1672 
 
 Nyerup, Nasmus. Danish Antiquary 1759 . . 1829 
 
 Nysten, Peter Hubert. Phys. and Physiologist at Paris 1771 . . 1818 
 
302 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 o. 
 
 BORN. UrED. 
 
 Oakes, Urian. President of Harvard College 1631 . . 1681 
 
 Oastler, Richard. Political Writer — . . 1861 
 
 Oates, Titus. Contriver of the " Popish Plot " 1619?. 1705 
 
 Obadiali. Hebrew Prophet fl. 6th c. b.c. 
 
 Obeidah, or Abu-Obeidah. Saracen Conqueror 581 . . 639 
 
 O'Beirne, Thomas Lewis. Bishop of Meath 1748. .1823 
 
 Oberkampf, Christopher Philip. Promoter of Cotton 
 
 Manufacture in France 1738. . 1815 
 
 Oberlin, Jeremiah James. Philologist and Antiquary. 
 
 Life by Winckler 1735 . . 1806 
 
 Oberlin, John Frederick. French Philanthropist 1 740 . . 1826 
 
 Obrecht, Ulric, of Strasburg. Philologist 1646. .1701 
 
 Obrenovitch, Milosh. Servian Soldier 1780?. i860 
 
 O'Brien, Henry. {Round Towers of Ireland) — . , 1835 
 
 O'Brien, John. Rom. Catholic Bishop of Cloyne and Ross — •■1775 
 
 O'Brien, Sir Lucius. Writer on Trade — • • i795 
 
 O'Brien, William Smith. Irish Politician 1803?, 1864 
 
 Ocaritz, Joseph, Chevalier d'. Spanish Diplomatist. . . . 1750. . 1805 
 Occam, or Ockham, Wm. Invincible Doctor. Schoolman — . . 1347 
 
 Occleve, Thomas. Poet 1370?. 1454? 
 
 Ocellus Liucanus. Pythagorean Philosopher fl. 5th c. b.c. 
 
 Ochinus, Bernardin. Protestant Reformer 1487. .1564 
 
 Ochs, Peter, of Basle. Politician. {History of Basle). . 1749. .1821 
 
 Ochterlony, Sir David. British General 1758. . 1825 
 
 Ockley, Rev. Simon. Orientalist 1678. .1720 
 
 O'Connell, Daniel. Irish Agitator. Life by Daunt, 1848 ; 
 
 W. Fagan; John O'Connell 1775. -1847 
 
 O'Connor, Arthur. Leader in Irish Rebellion of 1798. . 1763. .1852 
 
 O'Connor, Charles. Historical Writer — . . 1828 
 
 O'Connor, Feargus Edward. Chartist 1795 or 6. 1855 
 
 Octavia. Sister of Augustus — B.C. 1 1 
 
 Octavianus, or Augustus. Roman Emperor b,c.63.a.d.i4 
 
 O'Curry, Eugene. Irish Professor and Archaeologist ... — . . 1862 
 
 Odazzi, John. Painter and Engraver 1663?. 1 731 
 
 Odenatus. King of Palmyra, husband of Zenobia — . . 267 
 
 Oderico, Caspar Louis. Antiquary and Medalist 1725 . . 1803 
 
 Odescalchi, Mark Anthony. Philanthropist, of Rome . . — ..1670 
 
 Odescalchi, Thomas. Philanthropist, of St. Gale — . .1692 
 
 Odespung de la Meschiniere, Louis. Document Coll. 1597. . — 
 
 Odevaere, Josephus Dionysius. Historical Painter 1778. .1830 
 
 Odington, Walter. Walter of Evesham. Writer on Mu- 
 sic and Astronomy ti. Hen. III. 
 
 Odo, St. Abbot of Cluny 879. . 943 
 
 Odo, St. Archbishop of Canterbury (942-58) 875?. 961 
 
 Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, brother of William the Con- 
 queror — . . 1097 
 
 Odo of Kent. Abbot of Battle ; Friend of Becket — . . 1200 
 
 Odoacer. Gothic King of Italy <; 476-93) — • * 493 
 
 O'Donovan, Dr. John. Irish Archaeologist 1808?. 1861 
 
 Odoran, of Sens. Chronica Rerum in Orbe Gestarum) 985. aft. 1045 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 303 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 CEcolampadius, John. German Reformer. L. by Wolf- 
 gang Capito, tr. by Callesian, 1561.; Simon Prynseus 1482. .1531 
 Oeder, Geo. Christian. Phys. and Bot. {Flora Danica) 1728. .1791 
 
 Oehlenschlaeger, Adam Gottlob. Dramatic Poet i779- • 1850 
 
 Oelrichs, John Charles Conrad. Ger. Hist, and Bibliog. 1722. .1798 
 Oelschlaeger, or Olearius, Adam. Traveler and Orient. 1599?. 1671 
 Oernhielm, Claudius. Arrkenius. Swedish Historian. . 1627. .1695 
 
 Oersted, Andrew Sandoe. Danish Statesman 1778. .i860 
 
 Oersted, Hans Christian, br. Danish Electro-magnetist 1777. .1851 
 Oetinger, Frederick Christopher. German Theologian. . 1702. ,1782 
 
 Offor, George. Biographer of Bunyan 1786''. 1864 
 
 Ogden, James, of Manchester. Poetical Writer — . . 1802 
 
 Ogden, Dr. Samuel. Divine 1716 . . 1778 
 
 Oggione, or Uggione, Mark da. Milanese Painter 1480?. 1530 
 
 Ogier, Charles. French Scholar 1595 . . 1654 
 
 Ogilby, or Ogilvy, John. Poet and Classical Translator 1600. .1676 
 
 Ogilvie, John. Scottish Poet and Divine 1733 . . 1814 
 
 Oginski, Michael Casimir. Polish Patriot 1731 • • 1803 
 
 Oginski, Michael Cleofas, nephew. Composer 1765 . . 1831 
 
 Ogle, Right Hon. George, m. p. Ballad Writer — . . 1814 
 
 Oglethorpe, James. General 1688?, 1785 
 
 O'Halloran, Sylvester. Antiquary and Historian 1728. .1807 
 
 O'Hara, Kane. Irish Dramatist — . .1782 . 
 
 Ohlmuller, or Ohlraueller, Daniel Joseph. Ger. Architect 1791 . . 1839 
 
 Ohmacht, Landelin. German. Sculptor 1760. . 1834 
 
 Oisel, James. Critic and Medalist 1631 . . 1686 
 
 O'Keeffe, John. Dramatist. Life by self, 1826 1747. .1833 
 
 Oken, Lawrence. Swiss Naturalist i779- • 1851 
 
 Okolski, Simon. Polish Historian. ( OrUs Polonus) ... fl. 1650 
 
 Oktai-Khan. Tartar Conqueror ( — . . 1241 
 
 Olaf. See Olaus. 
 
 Olafsen, Eggert. Icelandic Scholar 1721 . . 1768 
 
 Olalius, Nicholas. Hungarian Prelate and Historian . . . 1493. .1568 
 
 Olaus I. King of Norway. Trygvason 956. .1000 
 
 Olaus II. The Fat and The Saint 992?. 1030 
 
 Olaus III. The Pacific — . . 1093 
 
 Olaus IV 1098.. 1116 
 
 Olaus V 1371 . . 1387 
 
 Olaus Magnus. Antiquary. (De Gentibus SeptentiHon.) 1500?. 1568 
 Olavide, Paul Anthony Joseph. Spanish Statesman. 
 
 ( Triumph of the Gospel) 1725 . . 1803 
 
 Olbers, Henry William Matthias. German Astronomer 1758. .1840 
 Oldcastle, Sir John, Lord Cobham. Protestant Martyr 1360?. 141 7 
 
 Oldenburg, Henry. German Writer 1626. . 1678 
 
 Oldenburger, Philip Andrew. Jurist of Geneva — . . 1678 
 
 Oldermann, John, of Helmstadt. Scholar 1686?. 1723 
 
 Oldfleld, Anne. Actress , 1683. .1730 
 
 Oldfleld, Thomas. Parliamentary Historian — . . 1822 
 
 Oldtiam, John. Poet. Life by E. Thompson 1653 . . 1683 
 
 Oldisworth, Wm. Polit. and Poet. Transl. of Horace — . .1734 
 
 Oldmixon, John. Historian T 1673 . . 1 742 
 
 Oldys, William. Norroy King-at-Arms. Biographer .. 1687. .1761 
 Olearius, or Oelschlaeger, Adam. Traveler and Orient. 1599?. 1671 
 Olearius, Godfrey. Lutheran Divine 1604. . 1685 
 
304 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Olearius, Godfrey, of Leipsic. Philosopher and Theol. 1639.. 1713 
 Olearius, Godfrey, son. Theologian and Philosopher. . . 1672. .1715 
 O'Leary, Arthur. Irish Roman Catholic Preacher and 
 
 Political Writer 1729. . 1802 
 
 Oleaster, Jerome. Portuguese Biblical Commentator . . — ••1563 
 
 Olenschlager. See Oehlenschlaeger i779- -1850 
 
 Olin, Stephen. American Clergyman and Writer 1797- .1851 
 
 Oliva, Alexander. Cardinal. Preacher and Theologian 1408. .1463 
 
 Oliva, John. Italian Antiquar}-- 1689. .1757 
 
 Olivarez, Gaspar de Guzman, Duke of. Spanish Statesm. 1 587 . . 1645 
 Olive, Peter John de. Writer on Papal Corruptions. . . . 1247. .1298 
 Olivecrantz, John Paulin. Swed. Statesm. & Latin Poet 1633 .. 1 707 
 Oliver, Andrew. Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts 1707. .1774 
 Oliver, George, i>. d. Rom. Cath. Antiq. ; Writ, on Devon 1781 . . 1861 
 
 Oliver, Isaac. English Portrait Painter 1556. .1617 
 
 Oliver, Peter, son. Portrait Painter 1601 . . 1654? 
 
 Oliver, Peter. Chief Justice and Antiquary '. 1712. .1791 
 
 Oliver, William, M.D., of Bath. Writ, on the Bath Waters — ..1764 
 Olivet, Joseph Thoulier d'. Fr. Writer; Editor of Cicero 1682. .1768 
 Olivetan, Robert. Fr. Reformer and Translator of Bible — . . 1538 
 Oliveyra, Francis Xavier de. Port. Prot_, { Oliveyriana) 1702. .1783 
 Olivier, Claude Matt. Fr. Scholar. {Philip of Macedon) 1701 . . 1736 
 Olivier, William Anthony. Fr. Traveler and Naturalist 1756. .1814 
 Olivieri degli Abbati, Annibal. Antiquary, of Pesaro 1708. .1789 
 Olmos, Francis Andrew de. Spanish Poet and Philolo- 
 gist in Mexico — • • 1571 
 
 Olmsted, Denison. American Savant 1791 • • i^59 
 
 Olmutz, Augustinus von, of Moravia. Reviver of Learn. 1470'' .1513 
 Olshausen, Hermann. German Protestant Theologian 1796.. 1839 
 
 Olybrius, Flavius Anicius. Roman Emperor (472) — . . 472 
 
 Olympias, wife of Philip of Macedon — B.c.316 
 
 Olympiodorus. Platonic Philosopher of Alexandria. . . fl. 520-'' 
 
 Omar I. Caliph (634-44). Captor of Jerusalem 581 . . 644 
 
 OmarH. Caliph (717-20) —.,720 
 
 Onaar-ibn-Hafssun. Spanish Rebel — . . 883 
 
 O'Meara, Barry Edwards. Writ. ( Voice from St. Helena) 1778. . 1836 
 
 Omri. Kingof Israel (B.C. 929-918) — B.c.918 
 
 Onatas, of Mgina.. Sculptor and Painter fl. B.C. 460"' 
 
 Onderdonk, Benjamin Treadwell. Amer. Episc. Bishop 1791 . . 1861 
 
 Onkelos. Rabbi. ( Targum) 2d or 3d c. 
 
 Onslow, Arthur, m. p. Speaker 1691 . .1768 
 
 Onslow, George. French Musical Composer 1784. . 1852 
 
 Onuphrius, Panvinius. Hist. Continuator of Platina 1529. .1568 
 Oort, Adam van. Painter of Perspective & Architecture 1557. .1641 
 
 Oost, Jacob van. Flemish Painter 1600? . 1671 
 
 Oost, Jacob van, son. Younger. Portrait Painter 1637. , 1713 
 
 Opie, Mrs. Amelia. Novelist. Life by Brightwell, 1854 1769. .1853 
 Opie, John. Historical Painter. Life by Amelia Opie. . 1761. .1807 
 
 Opitz, or Opitius, Henry. German Orientalist 1642. .1712 
 
 Opitz, or Opitius, Martin. German Poet 1597 . . 1639 
 
 Oporinus, John. Printer and Scholar 1507. .1568 
 
 Oppede, John de Maynier, Baron d'. Persec. of Vaudois 1495 • • ^55^ 
 
 Oppian. Greek Poet fl. ab. 180 
 
 OpsopsBUS, John. Ger. Phys.; Ed. of Sibylline Oracles 1556. .1596 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 305 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Orange, Frederick Henry, Prince of. Stadtholder 1584. . 1647 
 
 Orange, Morris, Prince of. Stadtholder 1567. . 1625 
 
 Orange, William I., Prince of. The Silent. Assassinated 1533. .1584 
 
 Orange, William II., Prince of. Stadtholder 1626. .1650 
 
 Orange, William III., Prince of. Stadtholder and King 
 
 of England 1650. .1702 
 
 Orbigny, Alcide d'. French Naturalist •,•••.••• 1802. . 1857 
 
 Orcagna, Orgagna, or L' Arcagnuolo. Andrea di done. 
 
 Painter, Sculptor, Architect 1329. • 1389 
 
 Ord, John Walker. Topographer, Poet, Medical Writer 181 1. .1853 
 
 Ordericus Vitalis. Historian 1075 . aft. 1 143 
 
 Oregius, Augustine. Italian Cardinal and Philosopher. 1577. .1635 
 OreUana, Francis. Companion of Pizarro; Discoverer. . — . .1549 
 
 Orelli, John Caspar. German Philologist and Critic 1787. . 1849 
 
 Oresme, Nicholas. French Writer — . . 1382 
 
 Orfanel, Hyacinth. Spanish Missionary to Japan 1578. .1623 
 
 Orffyreus, John Ernest Ellas. German Mechanician. . . 1680. . 1745 
 Orflla, Matthew Joseph Bonaventura. French Physician 
 
 and Toxicologist ^7^7- -1853 
 
 Orford, Edward Russell, Earl of. Admiral 165 1 . .1727 
 
 Orford, Horace Walpole, Earl of 1717- -1797 
 
 Orford, Sir Robert Walpole (q. v.), Earl of. Premier 1676. .1745 
 
 Orgagna, or Orcagna, Andrew. JPaint., Sculpt., Architect 1329. . 1389 
 
 Oriani, Barnaby. Italian Astronomer i753- • 1832 
 
 Oribasius. Medical Writer ; Friend of Julian 325'. 400? 
 
 Origen. Greek Father 185 •'. 253 or 4 
 
 Origny,. Peter Adam. French Egyptologist 1697. .1774 
 
 Orizzonte, or John Francis van Bloemen. Painter 1656. .1740 
 
 Orlandi, Peregrine Anthony. Italian Bibliographer and 
 
 Writer on Art 1660. .1727 
 
 Orlandin, Nicholas. Italian Jesuit Historian i554- • 1606 
 
 Orlando di Lasso. Italian Musical Composer 1520. .1594 
 
 Orlay, Bernard van, of Brussels. Painter 1490'' . 1560 
 
 Orlay, Richard van. Flemish Painter 1652, .1732 
 
 Orleans, Adelaide Eugenie L., Princess of, sister of Louis 
 
 Philippe 1777.. 1847 
 
 Orleans, Charles, Duke of; taken at Agincourt 1391 . . 1465 
 
 Orleans, Ferdinand Philip Louis, Duke of. Prince Royal. 
 
 Heir of Louis Philippe 1810 . . 1842 
 
 Orleans, Gaston John Baptist, Duke of, son of Henry IV. 1608. . 1660 
 Orleans, Hel^ne Louise Elizabeth, Duchess d', mother of 
 
 the Count de Paris 1814. .1858 
 
 Orleans, Louis d'. French Advocate and Political Writer 1542. .1629 
 Orleans, Louis, Duke of. Philanthropist and Scholar. . . 1703. .1752 
 
 Orleans, Louis Philip, Duke of, son 1725 .. 1785 
 
 Orleans, Louis Philip Joseph, Duke of, son. igalite . . . 1747. .1793 
 Orleans, Louis de Valois, Duke of; assassinated in Paris 1372. .1407 
 Orleans, Mary, Princess of. Sculptor. (Joan o/'^rc). . 1813. .1839 
 
 Orleans, Peter Joseph d'. French Historian 1644. . 1698 
 
 Orleans, Philip I., Duke of, brother of Louis XIV 1640. . i7oi 
 
 Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, son. Regent 1674 .. 1 723 
 
 Orleans de la Motte, Louis Francis Gabriel d'. Bishop 
 
 of Amiens. ( Spiritual Letters. ) Life by Proyart, 1788 1683 . . 1 774 
 
 OrlofiF, Alexis Feodorovitch. Russian General 1786. . 1861 
 
 20 
 
306 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 OrloflF, Alexis Gregorievitch. Russian Statesman 1736. . 1808 
 
 Orloff, Gregory Gregorievitch, Ct. Fav. of Catherine II. 1734. . 1783 
 Orloff, Gregory Vladimirovitch. Russ. Writer. (Atemoires) 1777.. 1826 
 
 OrloflF, Michael. Russian General 1785 . . 1841 
 
 Ormaneto, Nicholas. Papal Legate. Triden tine Divine — .-1578 
 Orme, David, m. d. Inventor of double-tubed Barometer 1727-''. 1812 
 
 Orme, Robert. Writer on India 1728. . 1801 
 
 Ormond, James Butler, Duke of. Lord Lieutenant of 
 
 Ireland. Life by T. Carte, 1736 1610. .1688 
 
 Ormond, James Butler, Second Duke of, grandson. Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Ireland 1665 . .1745 
 
 Orobio, Balthasar, or Isaac. Spanish Jew. Metaphys. — . . 1687 
 Orosius, Paul. Spanish Divine. { History of the World) fl. 415 
 Orrery, Charles Boyle, Fourth Earl of. Opponent of 
 
 Bentley. (The Orrery named after him) 1676. .1731 
 
 Orrery, Roger Boyle, First Earl of. Statesman, General, 
 
 Writer 1621 . . 1679 
 
 Orsato, John Baptist. Italian Physician and Antiquary 1673. -1720 
 
 Orsato, Sertorio. Italian Antiquary and Poet 1617. . 1678 
 
 Orsi, Francis Joseph Augustine. Cardinal. ( Eccles. Hist. ) 1691 . . 1 761 
 
 Orsi, John Joseph. Italian Philologist and Poet 1652. .1733 
 
 Orsi, Lelio, da Novellara. Painter ^5^^* '^5^7 
 
 Orsini, Felix. Italian Revolutionist 1819. .1858 
 
 Orsini, Fulvio. Antiquary and Collector of MSS 1529. . 1600 
 
 Orsted, or Oersted, Hans Christian. Electro -magnetist 1777. .1851 
 Ortell, or Ortelius, Abraham. Dutch Geographer. { Thea- 
 
 trum Orbis Terrarum.) Life by Sweert 1527. .1598 
 
 Orton, Job. Dissenting Divine. {Life of Baxter) 1717- -1783 
 
 Orville, James Philip de. Dutch Scholar 1696. .1751 
 
 Osaibia. Arabian Medical Writer 1203. . 1269 
 
 Osborn, Elias. Quaker 1643 . . 1 720 
 
 Osborn, Peter. Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer. Writer 
 
 on Commerce 1521. .1592 
 
 Osbornfe, Francis. Historical Writer. (Advice to a Son) 1589?. 1659 
 
 Osborne, Peregrine, Duke of Leeds. Admiral 1659. .1729 
 
 Oscar I. King of Sweden (1844-59) i799- -1859 
 
 Osceola. Chief of Seminole Indians 1803?. 1838 
 
 Osgood, David, d. d.- American Divine and Writer i747- .1822 
 
 Osgood, Frances Sargent. American Poetess 1812?. 1850 
 
 Osiander, Andrew. Hosemann, or Hossmann. German 
 
 Protestant Reformer. Life lay Funck ,. 1498 ..1552 
 
 Osiander, Andrew, D. D., grandson. Editor of Vulgate . 1562.. 1617 
 
 Osiander, John Adam. Biblical Commentator 1626. . 1697 
 
 Osius. Bishop of Cordova 256. 357 or 8 
 
 Osius, Felix. Ital. Schol. {Elogia Scriptorum Illustrium) 1587. .1631 
 Osman, or Othman, I. Sultan of Turkey (1299-1326). . 1259. . 1326 
 
 Osman, or Othman, II. (1618-22) 1604. . 1622 
 
 Osman, or Othman, III. (1754-57) 1696.. 1757 
 
 Osman, Topal. Turkish General 1673 ■ •'^733 
 
 Osmond, St. Bishop of Salisbury — . .1099 
 
 Osorio, Jerome. Portuguese Bishop «&; Ciceronian Scholar 1506. . 1580 
 
 Ossat, Arnaud d'. Cardinal. French Statesman 1536- • 1604 
 
 Ossoli, Marchioness of. See Margaret Fuller 1810. . 18^0 
 
 Ossory, Thomas Butler, Earl of. Commander 1634. . 1680 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 307 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ossuna, Peter Tellez y Giron, Duke of. Span. Statesman 1 5 79 . . 1624 
 
 Ostade, Adrian van. Painter 1610. . 1685 
 
 Ostade, Isaac van, brother. Dutch Painter 161 7. .1671 
 
 Ostermann, Henry John Frederick, Count d'. Russian 
 
 Statesman 1686. .1747 
 
 Osterwald, John Frederick. Swiss Divine 1663. .1747 
 
 Osterwiek, Maria van. Dutch Flower Painter 1630 . . 1693 
 
 Oswald, St. King of Northumbria 605 . . 642 
 
 Oswald, St. Bishop of Worcester. Archbishop of York. 
 
 Life by Eadmer — . . 992 
 
 Oswald, Erasmus. German Math, and Biblical Writer 1511..1579 
 Otfride, or Ottfride. German Monk. Metrical Writer fl. bef. 876 
 
 Othman,. Third Saracen Caliph (634-55) 574?. 656 
 
 Othman. Founder of the Ottoman Dynasty. See Osman 1259. . 1326 
 
 Otho I. Emperor of Gennany (936-73). Great 912.. 973 
 
 OthoII. (973-83.) The Bloody 955.. 983 
 
 Otho III. (996-1002) 980.. 1002 
 
 OthoIV. (1209-15.) TheProud 1175..1218 
 
 Otho, or Otto. Bishop of Freysinger. Chronicler — . . 1158 
 
 Otho, Marcus Salvius. Roman Emperor (a. d. 69, Janu- 
 ary 15-ApriI 15) 32. . 69 
 
 Otho, Venius. Dutch Painter 1556. . 1634 
 
 Otis, Harrison Gray. American Orator and Statesman. . 1765. .1848 
 
 Otis, James. American Orator and Statesman 1725 . .1783 
 
 Otrokotskiforis, Francis. ( Origiaes Hunyaricoe) — . . 1718 
 
 Ott, John Baptist. Orientalist and Antiquary 1661 . . — 
 
 Ott, John Henry. Swiss Divine and Orientalist 161 7. . 1682 
 
 Otter, John. Swedish Orientalist and Eastern Traveler 1707, .1748 
 Otterbein, Philip William. Founder of United Brethren 
 
 in Christ 1726. . 1813 
 
 Otterburn, Sir Adam. Ld. of Session, Diplomatist, Poet — ..1548 
 
 Ottley, William Young. Writer on Fine Arts 1771 • • 1^36 
 
 Ottraer, Charles Theodore, of Brunswick. Architect . . . 1800. .1843 
 Otto, Louis William, Count de Moslov. Fr. Diplomatist 1754. .1817 
 Ottocar II. King of Bohemia (1253-78). Opponent of 
 
 Rodolph of Hapsburg — . . 1278 
 
 Otway, Thomas. Dramatist. {Venice Preserved.) Life 
 
 by Thornton 1651 . . 1685 
 
 Oudenarde, Robert van, of Ghent. Painter 1663. . 1 743 
 
 Oudet, James Joseph. French Republican Officer; i773- .1809 
 
 Oudin, Casimir. Historical Writer 1638. .1717 
 
 Oudin, Francis. French Jesuit. Antiquary and Medalist 1673 . . 1752 
 
 Oudinet, Mark Anthony. French Medalist 1643. • ^7^^ 
 
 Oudinot, Nicholas Charles, Duke of Reggio. Marshal of 
 
 France 1767. . 1847 
 
 Oudry, John Baptist. Fr. Historical and Portrait Painter 1686. . 1755 
 Oughtred, William. Mathem. ( Clavis Mathemaiica) . . 1574. .1660 
 
 Oulough Beyg. Astronomer of Samarcand i394- • ^449 ' 
 
 Ousel, Oisel, or Loisel, Philip. German Hebraist 1671 . . 1724 
 
 Ouseley, Gideon. Irish Clergyman and Writer 1762. . 1839 
 
 Ousely, Sir Gore, Viscount Claramont. Diplomatist 1769. . 1844 
 
 Ousely, Sir William, Viscount Claramont, br. Orientalist 1 771 . . 1839 
 
 Outram, Benjamin. Civil Engineer — . . 1805 
 
 Outram, Sir James. General in India 1802 . . 1863 
 
308 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Outram, William. Divine and Hebraist. (Be Sacrificiis) 1625 . . 1679 
 
 Ouvraxd, Gabriel Julien. French Financier 1770. . 1846 
 
 Ouvrard, Ren^. French Divine, Poet, Musician, Math. 1624, . 1694 
 Ouwater, Albert van. Historical Painter of Haarlem . . . 1444 . . 1 5 1 5 
 Overall, John. Bishop of Norwich. ( Convocation Booh) 1559. .1619 
 Overbeek, Bonaventure van. Artist and Antiquary. . . . 1660. .1706 
 
 Overbury, Sir Thomas. Poet. ( The Wife) 1581 . . 1613 
 
 Overton, WilHam. Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. . 1525. .1609 
 Overweg, Dr. Adolphus. German Traveler in Africa. . . 1822. .1852 
 
 Ovid. Latin Poet. Life by Rosimini B.c.43. a.d.iS 
 
 Oviedo, Andrew de. Span. Jesuit Missionary to Abyssinia — ••i577 
 Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de. ( W. Indies) 1478. .1557 
 
 Owen, Rev. Edward Pryce. (Book of Etchings) 1787'. 1863 
 
 Owen, Rev. Henry, m. f>. Biblical Critic 1716. .1795 
 
 Owen, John. Audoenus. Latin Poet and Epigrammatist 1560?. 1622'' 
 Owen, John, D.D. Independent. (Holy Spirit.) Life by 
 
 W. Orme 1616. . 1683 
 
 Owen, Rev. John, of the Bible Society 1765 . . 1822 
 
 Owen, Robert. Socialist & Philanthropist. L. by Sargent 1771 . . 1858 
 
 Owen, William. English Painter 1769. . 1825 
 
 Owen Glendower. Welsh Chieftain 1349' • 1415 
 
 Owenson, Sydney, Lady Morgan. Writer 1 783 . . 1859 
 
 Owtram, or Outram, William. Hebraist. {De Sacrifidis) 1625 . . 1679 
 
 Oxenden, Sir Henry. Poet — . . 1670 
 
 Oxenstiern, or Oxenstjerna, Axel, Ct. Swedish Statesm. 1583. , 1654 
 Oxford, Edward Harley, Second Earl of. Foimder of Har- 
 
 leian Library — . . 1741 
 
 Oxford, Edward de Vere, Seventeenth Earl of. Politi- 
 cian and Poet 1540^ • 1604 
 
 Oxford, Robert Harley, First Earl of. Statesman ; Col- 
 lector of MSS 1661. .1724 
 
 Oxlee, Rev. John. Orientalist and Biblical Critic i779- • 1854 
 
 Ozanam, James. French Mathematician 1640. .1717 
 
 Ozell, John. Translator and Miscellaneous Writer — . .1743 
 
 OzeretzkofFsky, Nicholas Yakovlevitch. Russian Writer 1751 . . 1827 
 Ozerofif, Vladislas Alexandrovitch. Russian Tragic Poet 1770. . 1816 
 
A BRIEF BIOGEAPHICAL DICTIONAKY. 309 
 
 P. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Paas, Pas, or Passe, Crispin. German Engraver — . . 1643? 
 
 Paaw, or Pauw, Peter. Pamus. Dutch Pliys. and Anat. 1564. .1617 
 
 Pacatianus, Titus Julius Marinus. Roman Usurper — . . 249 
 
 Pacca, Cardinal. Nuncio. {Memoirs) 1756. . 1844 
 
 Paechiarotto, James, of Sienna. Painter fl. 1497-1535 
 
 Pacchioni, Anthony. Physician and Anatomist 1665 . .1726 
 
 Pace, Richard. Divine and Statesman 1482-'. 1532 
 
 Pacheco, Francis. Spanish Painter and Wrrter 1571- • 1654 
 
 Pacheco, John de, Marquis de Villena. Castilian Statesm. — , . 1473 
 
 Pachomius. Egyptian Monk 292 . . 348 
 
 Pachymeres, George. Greek Historian 1242?. 131 5? 
 
 Paciaudi, Paul Maria. Antiquaiy and Historian ...... 1 710. .1785 
 
 Paciflcus, Maximus. Italian Latin Poet. {Hecatalegium) 1400. .i^oo'l 
 
 Pacio, Julius. Jurist and Philosopher 1550- • 1635 
 
 Pacioli, Luke. Luca dl Borgo. Italian Geometrician. . — aft. 1509 
 Pack, Richardson, Major. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer 1680'' . 1 728 
 
 Pacuvius, Marcus. Roman Tragedian 220?. 130'' B.C. 
 
 Paderna, Paul Anthony. Italian Painter 1649. , 1708 
 
 Padilla, John Lopez de. Spanish Patriot — ..1522 
 
 Padilla, Lorenzo de. Span. Antiq. and Historiographer 1485?. 1540' 
 
 Paduanino, Dario. Varotari. Painter 1539.. 1596 
 
 Paduanino, Francis. Historical Painter 1552. . 1617 
 
 Paer, Ferdinand. Italian Musical Composer 1 771 . . 1839 
 
 Paez, Francis Alvarez. Port. Div. (De Planctu Ecdesice) — --iSSa 
 Paez, Peter. Spanish Jesuit. Missionary to Abyssinia 1564.. 1622 
 Pagan, Blaise Francis, Count de. Military Engineer . . . 1604. .1665 
 
 Pagan, Peter. German Poet and Historian — • • 1576 
 
 Paganel, Peter. Fr. Politician. {La Revolution Frangaise) 1 745 . . 1826 
 
 Pagani, Gregory. Italian Painter 1558. . 1605 
 
 Pagani, Paul, of Milan. Painter 1661 . . 1 716 
 
 Paganini, Nicholas. Violinist. L. by G. C Conestable 1784. .1840 
 Paganucci, John. Commercial Writer. {Manuel desNe- 
 
 gocians) 1729. .1797 
 
 Page, John. American Statesman 1743. • 1^°^ 
 
 Page, William, d. d. Divine. Royalist 1590. . 1663 
 
 Pages, Francis Xavier. French Romance Writer i745- -1802 
 
 Pagds, Peter Mary Francis, Viscount de. Fr. Navigator 1 748 . . 1 793 
 
 Paget, Sir William, First Lord. Statesman 1506. . 1563 
 
 Pagi, Anthony. French Chronologist and Historian. . . . 1624. .1699 
 Pagi, Francis, nephew. {Breviarium Historico- Chronolog- 
 
 ico- Criticum) 1654 . . 1 721 
 
 Pagi, or Paggi, John Baptist. Ital. Paint., Engrav., Writ. 1554. . 1627 
 Pagninus, Sanctes. Ital. Orientalist and Biblical Scholar 1470?. 1536 
 
 Pahlen, Peter. Soldier 1746. . 1826 
 
 Paine, Elijah, ll. d. American Jurist i757- • 1842 
 
 Paine, Elijah, son. Jurist 1796. . 1853 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat. American Lawyer and Patriot. . . 1731 . . 1814 
 
 Paine, Robert Treat, son. Author i773- • 1811 
 
 Paine, Thomas. American Political and Deistical Writer. 
 
 {Age of Reason.) Life by J. Cheetham i737- .1809 
 
310 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 PaisiellOj John. Singer and Composer 1741 . . 1816 
 
 Paixhans, Henry Joseph. French General of Artillery 1783. .1854 
 
 Pajol, Claude Peter. French General 1772. . 1844 
 
 Pajon, Claude. French Calvinistic Divine 1626. .1685 
 
 Pajot, Louis Leo, Ct. d'Ons-en-Bray. Scientific Collector 1678. .1753 
 
 Pajou, Augustine. French Sculptor 1730- • 1809 
 
 Pakington, Dorothy, Lady. Scholar — . . 1679 
 
 Paladini, Archangela. Portrait Painter. i599- • 1622 
 
 Palsemon, Quintus Remmius. Roman Grammarian .... 11. 48 
 
 Palafox y Melzi, Joseph. Spanish General 1780. . 1847 
 
 Palafox y Mendoza, John de. Span. Bishop and Hist. 1600. .1659 
 
 Palaprat, John. French Dramatist and Poet 1650. .1721 
 
 Palaye. See Sainte-Palaye. ( Ancient Chivalry) 1697. .1781 
 
 Paleario, Aonio. Italian Theologian and Poet'. — • • 1570 
 
 Palencia, Alfonso de. Span. Hist. ( Chrun. of Henry I V. ) 1423 . . 1495 ? 
 
 Paleotti, Gabriel. Italian Cardinal and "Writer 1524. . 1597 
 
 Palestrina, John Peter Louis. Musical Composer 1529?. 1594 
 
 Paley, William, d.d. {Evidences.) L. by Meadley ; Paley 1743. • i^^S 
 
 Paltyn, John. French Surgeon and Anatomist 1650. .1730 
 
 Palgrave, Sir Francis. Antiquary, {ffist of Normandy) 17SS. .1S61 
 
 Palingenius Stellatus, or ManzoUi. Latin Poet fl. 1500? 
 
 Palisot de Beauvois, Ambrose Maty Francis Joseph. 
 
 French Naturalist 1752. . 1820 
 
 Palissot de Montenoy, Charles. French Dramatist. . . 1730. .1814. 
 Palissy, Bernard. French Potter. Life by H. Morley, 
 
 1852; Brightwell, 1858 i5io?.i59o 
 
 Palladino, James. JDe 2'eram.o. (Consolatio Peccatorum) i^^g. .i^iy 
 
 Palladio, Andrew. Italian Architect 1518. .1580 
 
 Palladius. Eastern Bishop and Writ. {Lausiac Eisloi-y) 368^431? 
 Palladius, Rutilius Taurus iEmilianus. Roman Agricult- 
 ural Writer fl. 4th c. 
 
 Pallajuolo, or Pollajuolo, Anthony. Florentine Painter. 1426. .1498 
 
 Pallajuolo, or Pollajuolo, Peter, brother. Painter 1428. .1498 
 
 Pallas. Freedman and Favorite of Claudius — . . 63 
 
 Pallas, Peter Simon. German Naturalist and Traveler 1 741. .1811 
 PaUavicmo, Ferrante. Satirist. {The Courier Bobbed) 161 e,. .164^ 
 Pallavieino, Sforza. Cardinal. {Hist. Council of Trent) 1607.. 1667 
 PalUot, Peter, of Dijon. Genealogist and Heraldic Writer 1608 . . 1698 
 
 Palliser, Sir Hugh. English Admiral 1721 . . 1796 
 
 Palluel, Francis Crett^ de. French Agriculturist 1 741 .. 1798 
 
 Palm, John Philip, of Nuremberg; shot by Bonaparte. . 1766. .1806 
 
 Palma, Jacob. The Old. Italian Painter 1480?. 1548? 
 
 Palma, Jacob. The Young, of Venice. Painter i544- • 1628 
 
 Palmaroli, Peter. Painter and Picture Restorer — . . 1828 
 
 Palmblad, William Frederick. Swedish Writer 1788. . 1852 
 
 Palmegiani, Mark. Italian Painter —aft. 1 537 
 
 PalmeUa, Peter de Souza-Holstein, Duke of. Portuguese 
 
 Statesman 1786. .1850 
 
 Palmer, Rev. John. Dissenting Divine and Author. . . . 1729, .1790 
 
 Palmer, John. Actor 1741 . . 1798 
 
 Palmer, John. Postal Reformer 1742 . . 1818 
 
 Palmer, Samuel. Printer. {History of Printing) — • • 1732 
 
 Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3d Vsct. Statesman 1784. .1865 
 Palmieri, Matthew. Ital. Hist. {Chronicle; Kto Cm7e) 1405. .1475 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 311 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Palomino y Velasco, Acislo Antonio. Spanish Painter 
 
 and Writer 1653. .1726 
 
 Palsgrave, John. English Writer. (FrencA G^ramma?') 1480?. 1554 
 Paludanus, Bernard. Dutch Philosopher and Traveler 1550.. 1633 
 
 Paludanus, John. Dutch Theologian 1 565 . . 1630 
 
 Pamelius,, James. Flemish Theologian 1536. • 15^7 
 
 Pamphilus. Bp. of Csesarea; Friend of Eusebius; Martyr 240'. 309 
 
 Pamphilus of Amphipolis. Painter fl. 0.0.388-348-'' 
 
 Pansenus, of Athens. Painter. {Battle of Marathon) . . fi. b.c. 450' 
 
 Pansetius. Greek Philosopher fl. b.c. 140 
 
 Panard, Charles Francis. French Poet and Dramatist. . 1689. .1769 
 
 Panciroli, Guido. Jurist and Antiquary 1523. .1599 
 
 Panckoucke, Andrew Joseph. French Writer 1700. .1753 
 
 Panckoucke, Charles Joseph, son. Typographer, Pub- 
 lisher, Writer 1736. .1798 
 
 Pancoucke, Charles Louis Fleiiry, grandson. Writer.. 1780.. 1844 
 Panel, Alexander Xavier. French Jesuit. Medalist ... 1699. .1777 
 
 Panicale, Masolino da. Italian Painter 1378='. 1415? 
 
 Panigarola, Francis. Italian Bishop and Preacher. {II 
 
 Predicatore) 1548 . .1594 
 
 Panin, Nakita Ivanovitch. Russian Statesman 1718. .J783 
 
 Panini, or Pannini, John Paul. Italian Painter 1695 , .1768 
 
 Pannonius, Janus. Hungarian Bishop and Latin Poet 1434. .1472 
 
 Panormita. See Beccadelli i394- • 1471 
 
 Pantsenus. Christian Teacher of Alexandria i55'- 216 
 
 Pantin, Peter. Scholar 1555?, 1611 
 
 Pantin, William, of Bruges. Medical Writer — . .1583 
 
 Panvinius, Onuphrius. Historian and Antiquary 1529. .1568 
 
 Panzacchia, Maria Helena, of Bologna. Painter 1668. .1709 
 
 Panzer, Geo. Wolfgang. Bibliog. {Annales Typographici) 1729 . . 1804 
 Paolij Pascal de. Corsican Patriot. Life by Pommereul 1726. .1807 
 
 Paoli, Sebastian. Scholar and Biographer 1684. .1751 
 
 Paolo Sarpi. See Sarpi .• 1552. .1623 
 
 Paolo Veronese. See Cagliari 1530''. 1588 
 
 Papebroch, Daniel. Dutch Jesuit; Theologian 1628.. 1714 
 
 Papias. Bishop of Herapolis. Millennarian — . . 169? 
 
 Papias. Grammarian. ( Vocabulnrium Latinum) fl. 1053'' 
 
 Papillon, Philibert, of Dijon. Abbe. {Auteurs de Bour- 
 
 gogne) 1666. .1738 
 
 Papillon, Ralph. Abbot of Westminster — . .1223 
 
 Papillon, Thomas, of Dijon. Jurist 1514- -1596 
 
 Papin, Denys. French Nat. Philos. Inventor of Digester 1647 . . 1 710 
 
 Papin, Isaac. French Theologian 1657. .1709 
 
 Papinianus, ^milius. Roman Lawyer — .. 212 
 
 Papire-Masson, John. Fr. Historian. Life by De Thou 1544. . 161 1 
 
 Papirius, Justus. Roman Jurist ti. Antonines 
 
 Papirius Cursor. Dictator in Second Samnite War fl. 333-309 b.c. 
 Papirius Cursor, son. Consul in Third Samnite War fl. 293-272 b.c. 
 Papon, Jolin Peter. Fr. Writer. {Bistoire de Provence) ly^i- -^^o^ 
 Pappenheim, Godfrey Henry, Count von. Imperial Gen- 
 eral in Thirty Years' War I594- • 1632 
 
 Pappus, of Alexandria. {Mathematical Collections) fl. 385? 
 
 Paracelsus, Philip Aureolus Theophrastus. Swiss Phys. 1493. .1541 
 Paradin, William. Fr. Hist. Writer. { Chronicle 0/ Savoy) 1 501?. 1590 
 
312 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED 
 
 Paradisi, Augustine, Count. Italian Poet 1736. . 
 
 Paradisi, John, Count. Ital. Politician and Nat. Philos. 1760. . 
 
 ParsBUs, or Par^, David. German Protestant Theolocfian 1 548 . . 
 
 Paramo, Louis de. Span. Inquisitor. ( The Holy Office) 1545?. 
 
 Parcelles, John. Dutch Painter of Sea Pieces i597- • 
 
 Parcieux, Anthony de. French Mathematician i753- • 
 
 Pardies, Ignatius Gaston. Fr. Mathem. and Philosopher 1636. . 
 
 Pardee, Miss Julia. Novelist and Historical Writer 1806. . 
 
 Par6, Ambrose. French Surgeon 1517. • 
 
 Par6, or Paraeus, David. German Protestant Theologian 1548. . 
 
 Par6, John Philip, son. Class. Schol. {Lexicon Criticum) 1576. . 
 
 Paredes, Diego Garcia y. General. Spanish Bayard .. 1466. . 
 
 Pareja, John de. Spanish Painter 1610. . 
 
 Parennin, Dominic. French Jesuit Missionary to China 1665 . . 
 
 Parent, Anthony. French Mathematician 1666. . 
 
 Parent-du-Ch§,telet, Alex. John Bapt. Sanitary Writer 1 790 . . 
 
 Parfait, Francis. Historian of the French Drama 1698. . 
 
 Parini, Joseph. Italian Poet. {II Giorno) 1729. . 
 
 Paris, Francis. French Ecclesiastic. {Livesqf the Saints) — .. 
 
 Paris, Francis, Abbd. French Ascetic 1690. . 
 
 Paris, John Ayrton, m. d. English Physician. {Philos- 
 ophy in Sport) 1 785 . . 
 
 Paris, Matthew. Historian — . . 
 
 Parisli, Elijah. American Clergyman and Author 1762. . 
 
 Parisot, Peter. Father Norhert. French Missionary. .. 1697. . 
 
 Park, Sir James Allan. Lawyer and Religious Writer. . — .. 
 
 Park, Thomas. Antiquary and Poet 1759' • 
 
 Parke, John. Musician i745 • • 
 
 Parke, Mungo. Traveler. Life by Rennell, 1815 1771 • • 
 
 Parker, Henry, Lord Morley. Favorite of Henry VIL. . 1476'. 
 
 Parker, Isaac. American Jurist 1768. . 
 
 Parker, John. Dissenting Minister and Poet — . . 
 
 Parker, Matthew. Abp. of Canterbury. L. by Strype, 1711 1504. . 
 
 Parker, Nathan. American Clergyman 1782 . . 
 
 Parker, Richard. Seaman; Mutineer at the Nore — . . 
 
 Parker, Sam. Bp. of Oxford. {De Rebus sui Temporis) 1640. . 
 
 Parker, Theodore. Amer. Unitarian. L. by Weiss, 1863 i8to. . 
 
 Parkes, Joseph, m. p. Politician 1796. . 
 
 Parkes, Samuel. Chemical Philosopher i759- • 
 
 ParkhuTst, John, Bp. of Norwich. Protestant Reformer 151 1. . 
 
 Parkhurst, John. {Lexicon of the Greek Testament). . . . 1728. . 
 
 Parkinson, John. Herbalist. {Paradisus) 1567. . 
 
 Parkinson, Thomas. Mathematician 1745 • • 
 
 Parma, Alex. Farnese, 3d. Duke of. Regent of Netherlands 1546.. 
 
 Parmemdes. Eleatic Philosopher 5th c. 
 
 Parmenio. Macedonian General 490' . 330 
 
 Parmentier, James. French Painter in England 1658. . 
 
 Parmentier, John. French Navigator and Geographer 1494. . 
 
 Parmigiano, or Parmigianino, II. Francis Mazzuoli. 
 
 Italian Painter. Life by Coxe, 1823 1503- • 
 
 Parnell, Sir Henry Brooke, First Lord Congleton. Polit. 1776. . 
 
 Parnell, Rev. Dr.'Thomas. Poet. Life by O. Goldsmith 1679. . 
 
 Pamy, ^iSvariste Desir^ Desforges. French Poet i753- • 
 
 Parodi, Dominic, of Genoa. Painter and Sculptor i66§. . 
 
 860 
 
 865 
 
 825 
 
 574 
 
 797 
 
 640? 
 
 830 
 
 592 
 
 B.C. 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 313 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Parr, Catherine. Queen of Henry VIII 1509. . 1548 
 
 Parr, Richard, d. d. Divine. {Life of Usher) 161 7. . 1691 
 
 Parr, Dr. Samuel. Divine and Scholar. Life by John 
 
 Johnstone, 1828 1747. . 1825 
 
 Parr, Thomas. Old Parr. Centenarian 1483 . . 1635 
 
 Parrenin, or Parennin, Dominic. Pr. Jesuit Missionary 1665 . . 1741 
 
 Parrhasius. Greek Painter. Life by Carlo Dati. fl. b.c. 400? 
 
 ParrhasiuSjAulus Janus. Gianpaolo Farisio. Ital. Critic 1470. .1534 
 
 Parrocel, Charles. Painter 1688. .1753 
 
 Parrocel, Joseph. French Painter and Engraver 1648. .1704 
 
 Parrocel, Peter. Painter of Battles 1665?. 1739 
 
 Parrot, J ohn James Frederick William. German Natural 
 
 Philosopher 1792. .1841 
 
 Parry, Caleb Hillier. Physician and Naturalist 1756. . 1822 
 
 Parry, John. The Blind Harper — . .1782 
 
 Parry, Richard, d. d. Theologian 1722. .1780 
 
 Parry, Sir Wm. Edward. Arctic Navig. L. by E. Parry 1790. . 1855 
 
 Parsons, Mrs. Novelist and Dramatist — . . 1811 
 
 Parsons, James. Physician and Antiquary 1705 . . 1770 
 
 Parsons, Robert. Jesuit. Life by Thomas James, 1612 1546, .1610 
 
 Parsons, Theophilus. American Jurist i750' • 1813 
 
 Parsons, William. Comic Actor and Painter 1736. .1795 
 
 Parthenay, Catherine de. French Writer i554- • 1631 
 
 Partridge, Alden. American Soldier 1785?. 1854 
 
 Paruta, Paul. Venetian Historian. {Discorsi Politici) . . 1540.. 1598 
 
 Paruta, Philip. Sicilian Antiquary — . . 1629 
 
 Pas, Anthony de, Marquis de Feuqui6re. Field Marshal 1648. .1711 
 
 Pas, Passe, or Paas, Crispin. German Engraver — . .1643? 
 
 Pas, Manasses de,Mqs. de Feuquiere. Gen. & Negotiator 1590. .1640 
 Pascal, Blaise. French Mathematician and Philosopher. 
 
 {Pensees.) Life by Bossut; Madame P^rier 1623. .1662 
 
 Pascal, Jacqueline, sister. Misc. Writ. L.bv Cousin, 1849 1625. .1661 
 
 Paschal I. Pope (817-24) " — . . 824 
 
 Paschal II. (1(:©9-1118.) Eainerius, or Raginerus — . . 1118 
 
 Paschal III. (1164-68.) Guy de Crema. Antipope... — ..1168 
 
 Paschal, or Pasquali, Charles. French Writer i547- • 1625 
 
 Paschasius-Radbert. French Monk. {Sacrament)... fi. 840? 
 Paschius, George. German Lutheran Divine and Scholar 1661 . .1707 
 
 Paskevitch, Ivan Feodorovitch. Russian General 1782. .1856 
 
 Pasley, General Sir Charles William. Engineer 1781 . . 1861 
 
 Pasquali, Signor, of Edinburgh. Violinist — ••i757 
 
 Pasqualino. Pasquale Eossi. Italian Painter 1641 . . 1700 
 
 Pasquier, Stephen. Fr. Civilian and Poet. (i?ecAercAes) 1529. .1615 
 
 Pasquier, Steplien Denis. French Statesman 1767 • • 1862 
 
 Passe, Pas, or Paas, Crispin. German Engraver — . . 1643? 
 
 Passemant, Claude Simeon. French Mechanician 1702. .1769 
 
 Passerat, John. French Critic and Poet i534- -1602 
 
 Passeri, John Baptist. Painter & Poet. {Lives of Painters) i6io?.i679 
 
 Passeri, John Baptist. Italian Antiquary 1694. .1780 
 
 Passeri, Joseph. Portrait Painter 1654. .1714 
 
 Passeroni, John Charles. Italian Poet 171 3. .1803 
 
 Passerotti, Bartholomew, of Bologna. Portrait Painter 1540'. 1595 
 
 Passignano, Dominic Cresti, II. Painter 1558. . 1638 
 
 Passinelli, Lorenzo. Bolognese Painter 1629?. 1700 
 
314 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Passionei, Dominic, Cardinal. Nuncio. {Acta Legatio- 
 
 nis Helveticce.) Life b%' Galetti, 1762 1682. .1761 
 
 Passow, Francis Louis Charles Frederick. Ger. Philol. 1786.. 1833 
 
 Pasta, Judith. Italian Singer 1798. . 1865 
 
 Patel, Peter. French Painter 1654. .1703 
 
 Patenier, Joachim de. Painter 1490. .1545' 
 
 Pater, John Baptist. French Painter 1695 . .1736 
 
 Pater, Paul. Hungarian Protestant.Exile. Mathematician 1656.. 1724 
 
 Paterculus, Caius Velleius. Roman Historian b.c.i9-'.a.d.3i-'' 
 
 Paterson, Sam. Bibliographer. {Bibliotheca Universalis) 1728.. 1802 
 Paterson, William. Projector. Life by Bannister, 1858 1660. . — 
 
 Patin, Charles. Physician and Antiquary 1633. . 1693 
 
 Patin, Guy. French Physician 1601 . . 1672 
 
 Patkul, John Reginald. Livonian Patriot 1660. .1707 
 
 Patrick, St. Apostle of Ireland. Life by Probus ; Joce- 
 
 lin, tr. by E. L. Swift, 1809 ; J. H. Todd, 1863 372. . 493? 
 
 Patrick, Samuel. Critic. ( Clavis Homerica) — , .1748 
 
 Patrick, Simon. Bishop of Chichester. Commentator. 
 
 Life by self 1626. .1707 
 
 Patrin, Eugene Louis Melchior. Fr. Geol. & Mineralogist 1742. .1815 
 
 Patrix, Peter. French Poet ... 1583. .1671 
 
 Patrizi, Francis. Ital. Philos. (Discussiones Perijmteticce) 1529.. 1597 
 Patru, Oliver. Fr. Lawyer, Critic, & Orator. {Flaidoyers) 1604. .1681 
 
 Patten, Thomas, d. d. Theologian — . .1762 
 
 Patterson, Daniel T. American Naval Officer — , . 1839 
 
 Pattison, William. Poet 1706. .1727 
 
 Patu, Claude Peter. French Poet and Dramatist 1729. .1757 
 
 Paucton, Alexis John Peter. French Mathematician. . . 1732. .1798 
 
 Paul, St. Apostle of the Gentiles — . . 65 ? 
 
 Paul, of Samosata. Bishop of Antioch — . . 273? 
 
 Paul, the Deacon, of Aquileia. {History of the Lombards) 740'. 799? 
 
 Paul I. Pope (757-67). Life by Cardinal Querini — . . 767 
 
 Paul II. (1464-7L) Peter Barbo. Life by Querini. . 1418. .1471 
 Paul III. (1534-49.) Alexander Farnese. L. by Querini 1468. .1549 
 PatiirV. (1555-59.) John Peter Carajf a. Lite by Car- 
 dinal Navagero 1476. .1559 
 
 Paul v. (1605-21.) Camillus Borghese 1552. . 1621 
 
 Paiill. Emperor of Russia (1796-1801) 1754.. 1801 
 
 Paul, Duke of Wiirtemberg. Ger. Trav. and Naturalist 1797. .i860 
 
 Paul of Burgos, or de Santa Maria. {Scrutinium) 1350?. 1435 
 
 Paul Veronese. Painter. See Cagliari 1530''. 1588 
 
 Paul, Father. See Sarpi 1552. .1623 
 
 Paul, Vincent de. Philanthropist. Life by Collet, 1818 1576. .1660 
 
 Paula, St. Roman Ascetic; Disciple of St. Jerome 347. . 404 
 
 Paulding, James Kirke. American Author i779- .i860 
 
 Paulett, Lord William, m. r. for Lymington 1666. .1729 
 
 Pauli, Gregory. Polish Protestant Divine — . . 1591 ••' 
 
 Paulian, Aime Henry. French .Jesuit. Writer 1722 . .1802 
 
 Paulin de St. Barth^lemi. Missionary in India 1748. . 1806 
 
 Paulinus. Bishop of York and of Rochester. A]postle 
 
 of Yorhshire 597^ 644 
 
 Paviiinus. Patriarch of Aquileia. Trinitarian Writer . . 726'. S04 
 Paixlinus, Pontius Meropius, St. Bishop of Nola. {Let- 
 ters ; Poems) 353 . . 431 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 315 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Paulli, Simon. Physician and ISTaturalist. {Flora Danica) 1603. .1680 
 Paullini, Christian Francis. Physician and Naturalist. . 1643. .1712 
 Paulmier de Grentemesnil, James. Pliys., Critic, Poet 1587. .1670 
 Paulmier de Grentemesnil, Julian de. Physician. . . . 1520. .1598 
 Paulmy, Mark Anthony Rend de Voyer, Marquis of. 
 
 Statesman. (Melanges) 1722. .1787 
 
 Paulus, Dr. Henry Eberhard Gottlob. Ger. Theologian 1761. .1851 
 
 Paulus, Julius. Roman Lawyer ti. Alex. Severus 
 
 Paulus, Peter. Grand Pensionary. ( Treaty of Utrecht) 1754. . 1796 
 
 Paulus -ffigineta. Greek Medical Writer tl. 7th c. 
 
 Paulus JEmilius. Italian Historian — . .1529 
 
 Paulus iEmilius, Lucius. Rom. General ; fell at Cannaj — B.c.216 
 Paxilus JEmilius, L. Macedonicus. Conq. of Perseus 23o'.i6ob.c. 
 
 Pausanias. Spartan Commander — B.c.470? 
 
 Pausanias. Greek Topographer fl- i74 
 
 Pausias. Painter of Sicyon fl. b.c. 350? 
 
 Pautre, Anthony le. French Architect.. 1614. . 1691 
 
 Pautre, John le. Engraver 1617. . 1682 
 
 Pautre, Peter le. Sculptor. {AiJneas and Anchises) 1660. .1744 
 
 Pauw, Cornelius, or Nicholas de. Dutch Writ, in Germany 1 739 . . 1 799 
 Pauw, or Paaw, Peter. Pavius. Dutch Phys. and Anat. 1564. .1617 
 
 Pavilion, Nicholas. French Bishop and Divine i597- -1677 
 
 Pavilion, Stephen. French Scholar and Poet 1632. , 1705 
 
 Pawlett, William, First Marquess of Winchester. Life by 
 
 Rowland Broughton, ed. by Sii* E. Brydges, 1818. . .'. 1475. .1572 
 Paxton, Sir Joseph, m. p. Horticulturist and Architect. . 1803. .1865 
 Payne, John Howard. American Actor and Dramatist 1792. .1852 
 
 Payne, Roger. Bookbinder i739- • i797 
 
 Pays, Rend le. Fr. Writ. ( Amities, Amours, et Amourettes) 1636 . . 1690 
 Payson, Edward, d. d. Amer. Div. L. by Asa Cummings 1783. . 1827 
 Pazmani, Peter. Hungarian Cardinal. " Theologian. ... 1570. . 1637 
 Peabody, Oliver Wm. Bourn. Amer. Clergym. & Writer 1 799 . . 1848 
 Peabody, William Bourn Oliver, brother. Clergyman. . 1799. . 1847 
 
 Peacham, Henry. Writer. (Complete Gentleinan) — ..1640? 
 
 Peacock, George. Dean of Ely. Mathem. and Astron. — . . 1858 
 Peacock, Reginald. Bp. of Chichester. L. by J. Lewis 1390'. 1460? 
 
 Peale, Charles Wilson. American Painter 1741 . .1827 
 
 Peale, Rembrandt, son. Painter 1778. .i860 
 
 Pearce, Nathaniel. Adventurer in Abyssinia. L. by Hall 1780. . 1820 
 Pearce, Zachary. Bishop of Rochester. Commentator. 
 
 Life by Derby 1690. .1774 
 
 Pearne, Thomas. Gregory Blunt. Unitarian Writer .. . — ..1827 
 Pearson, Edward, D. d., of Cambridge. Controversialist 1760''. 181 1 
 Pearson, George, m. d. Physician and Experim. Chemist 1751 . .1828 
 Pearson, John, Bishop of Chester. (Expos, of the Creed) 1613. .1686 
 Pearson, John, F. R. s. Surgeon. Biographer of Hey. . 1758, .1826 
 Pearson, Mrs. Margaret Eglinton. Painter on Glass. ... — . .1823 
 Pearson, Richard, m. d. Phys. ( Thesaur. Medicaminum) 1765 . . 1836 
 Pease, Calvin, D. d. American Writer and Educator . . . 1813. . 1863 
 
 Pecchio, Joseph. Italian Writer 1785 . . 1835 
 
 Pecbantre, Nicholas de. French Poet and Dramatist . . 1638. .1708 
 
 Pecblin, John Nicholas. Dutch Medical Writer 1646. .1706 
 
 Pechmeja, John. French Writer. ( Telephe) 1741 . . 1785 
 
 Peck, Rev. Francis. Antiq. (Dedderata.) L. by Evans 1692. .1743 
 
316 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Peck, John Mason, d. d. American Divine 1789. . 1858 
 
 Peckham, John. Archbishop of Canterbury (1279-92) .. — ..1292 
 Pec©rone, John Florentino. Florentine Writer. (Novelli) — ..1380? 
 
 Pecquet, Anthony. French Writer 1704. .1762 
 
 Pecquet, John. Fr. Physician & Anatomical Discoverer 1622. . 1674 
 
 Pedro, of Portugal and Brazil. See Peter 1798 . . 1834 
 
 Pedrusi, or Pedruzzi, Paul. Historian and Antiquary. . 1644. . 1720 
 Peel, Sir Robert, First Baronet. Cotton Manufacturer . . 1750. .1830 
 Peel, Sir Robert. Prime Minister. Life bv Dr. W. C. 
 Taylor and C. Mackay, 1847-51; Doubleday, 1856 ; 
 Lawrence Peel, 1860 ; Guizot 1788.. 1850 
 
 Peel, Sir William. Captain of Naval Brigade in India. . 1824. . 1858 
 
 Peele, George. Poet. Life by Dyce 1552''. 1598? 
 
 Pegge, Rev. Samuel, ll. d. Antiq. L. by Samuel Pegge 1704. .1796 
 
 Pegge, Samuel, son. ( Curialia) 1731 • • 1800 
 
 Peignot, Stephen Gabriel. French Bibliographer 1767. . 1849 
 
 Peins, Gregory. See Pens. 1500. , 1550? 
 
 Peirce, Cyrus. American Educator 1790. .1859 
 
 Peirce, James. Dissenting Divine 1673. -1726 
 
 Peiresc, Nicholas Claude Fabri de. Scholar and Promoter 
 
 of Learning. Life by Gassendi, 1641, tr. by Rand, 1657 1580. . 1637 
 
 Pekah. King of Israel (b. c. 759-739) — b.c. 739 
 
 Pekahiah. King of Israel (b.c. 761-759) — b.c. 759 
 
 Pelagius. British Heresiarch fl. 410 
 
 Pelagiusl. Pope (555-60) • 495?. 560 
 
 Pelagiusn. (578-90) 520.. 590 
 
 Pelayo, First King of Asturias (718-37) — . . 737 
 
 Pelham, Henry. Statesman 1695 . .1764 
 
 Pelham-Hollez, Thomas, Duke of Newcastle. Statesm. 1694. .1768 
 
 Pelhestre, Peter. French Writer 1635?. 1710 
 
 P61Lssier, Aimable John James, Duke of Malakoff. Mar- 
 shal of France i794- . 1864 
 
 PeU, John. Mathematician and Divine 1610. . 1685 
 
 Pellegrin, Simon Joseph. French Ecclesiastic and Poet 1663. .1745 
 
 Pellegrini, Anthony. Historical Painter 1674. .1741 
 
 Pellegrini, Camillo. Italian Antiquary and Poet 1598. . 1663 
 
 Pellegrino, Tibaldi, of Bologna. Architect and Painter 1527. .1600 
 
 Pellerin, Joseph. French Medalist 1684 . . 1 782 
 
 Pelletier, Bertrand. French Chemist 1761 . . 1797 
 
 Pelletier, Claude le. French Financier 1630. ,1711 
 
 Pelletier, Caspar. Physician & Botanist of Middleburg — . . 1659 
 
 Pelletier, James, of Mans. Physician and Scholar 1517- • 1582 
 
 Pelletier, John le. French Writer 1633 . . 1 71 1 
 
 Pelletier, Peter Joseph. Chemist 1 788 . . 1842 
 
 Pelliean, Conrad. Reformer and Scholar 1478. .1556 
 
 Pellicer, Joseph de Ossau. Spanish Writer 1602 . . 1679 
 
 Pellico, Silvio. Ital. Writer & Patriot. L. by Chiala, 1852 1 789 . . 1854 
 
 PeUison-Fontanier, Paul. French Writer 1624. . 1693 
 
 Pelloutier, Simon. (Hisioire des Celtes) 1694. . 1757 
 
 Pelopidas. Theban General — b.c. 364 
 
 Peltanus, Theo. Anthony. Jesuit. {Tlieologia Naiuralis) — ..1584 
 
 Pemberton, Henry. Physician and Mathematician 1694. .1771 
 
 Pembroke, Mary Sidney, Countess of. See Sidney .... — . , 1621 
 Pembroke, Thomas. Painter 1702. .1730 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 317 
 
 ' BORN. DIED. 
 
 Pendleton, Edmund. American Statesman and Jurist 172 1. .1803 
 
 Pendleton, Henry. American Jurist — . .1788 
 
 Pene, or Fesne, John. French Painter and Engraver. . . 1623. . 1700 
 
 Penington, Isaac. Persecuted Quaker Divine 1617. .1679 
 
 Penn, Granville. Author 1761 . . 1844 
 
 Penn, Sir William. Admiral 1621 . . 1670 
 
 Penn, William, son. Quaker. Life by Janney ; Thomas 
 
 Clarkson, 1836 ; W. H. Dixon, 1851 1644. .1718 
 
 Pennant, Thomas. Nat. and Antiq. {London.) L. by self 1726. .1798 
 
 Penni, John Francis. .11 Fattore. Italian Painter 1488. .1528 
 
 Pennicuick, Alexander. Scot. Physician, Poet, Writer. 1652. .1722 
 
 Penrose, Thomas. Poet 1743 . .1779 
 
 Penruddock, John, Col. Royalist; beh. by Col. Croke — • •^'^55 
 Penry, John. Puritan Libeler. {Martin Mar-Prelate'-) . . 1559. . 1593 
 Pens, Peins, Pentz, or Pencz, Gregory . Paint, and Engrav. 1500. .1550? 
 Pepagomenus. Greek Medical Writer. {De Podagra) fl. 1270'' 
 Pepe, William. Italian General. {Personal Memoirs). . 1783. .1855 
 Pepin, son of Louis D^bonnaire, King of Aquitaine 
 
 (817-38?) 802?. 838 or9 
 
 Pepin d'H^ristal. Mayor of Palace ; Duke of Austrasia — .. 714 
 Pepin the Short. Mayor of the Palace (741-52) ; King 
 
 of France (752-68) 714. . 768 
 
 PeppereU, Sir William. Anier. Gen. L. by Parsons, 1855 1697 . . 1 759 
 
 Pepusch, John Christopher. Musical Composer 1667. .1752 
 
 Pepys, Samuel. {Diary.) Life by Smith, 1840 1632. .1703 
 
 Pepys, William Haseldine, f. r. s. Experimental Philos. 1775 . . 1856 
 
 Peranda, Santo. Historical Painter 1566. . 1638 
 
 Perau, Gabriel Louis Calabre. French Biographer 1700. . 1767 
 
 Perceval, Spencer. Prime Minister 1762. . 1812 
 
 Percier, Charles. French Architect 1764. . 1838 
 
 Percival, James Gates. American Poet 1795 .. 1857 
 
 Percival, Thomas, m. d. Scottish Physician and Miscel- 
 laneous Writer. {Medical Ethics.) Life by his son. . 1740. .1804 
 
 Percy, Sir Henrj'-. Hotspur. Slain at Shrewsbury — . . 1403 
 
 Percy, Henry, Ninth Earl of Northumberland. Wizard 1564. .1632 
 Percy, Thomas, d. d. Bishop of Dromore. {Reliques). . 1728. .1811 
 
 Perdiccas. Macedonian General — B.c.321 
 
 P6r6fixe, Hardouin de Beaumont de. {Hist. Henry IV.) 1605. .1676 
 Pereira, Bartholomew. Portuguese Epic Poet. {Paciecis) fl. 1640 
 Pereira, James Roger. Spanish Instructor of Deaf Mutes 1716. .1780 
 Pereira, Jonathan, m. d. Eng. Phys. ( Materia Medica) 1804. . 1853 
 Pereira, Nunez Alvarez. Portuguese Cid. General and 
 
 Diplomatist 1360. . 1431 
 
 Pereira de Figueii-edo, Anthony. Divine & Grammarian 1725 . .1797 
 Perelra-Qomez, Geo. Sp. Phys. {Margarita Antoniana) fl. 1554 
 Peretto. Philosopher of Padua. See Pomponatius. . 1462 .1524 or 6 
 Perez, Anthony. Span. Statesman. {Memoirs aind Letters) i$t,(). .1611 
 
 Perez, David. Musical Composer 1711 . .1778 
 
 Pergolesi, John Baptist. Musical Composer 1 7 10. . 1736 
 
 Periander. Tyrant of Corinth (b. c. 625-585) 665 . 585 B.C. 
 
 Pericles. Athenian Statesman — b.c. 429 
 
 P6rier, Casimir. French Financier and Statesman 1777. .1832 
 
 P6rier, James Constantine. Fr. Mechanic. {Steam Engines) 1742..1818 
 Periers, Bonaventure des. Fr. Writer. ( Cyn^alum Mundi) — . .1544' 
 
818 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Perignon, Dominic Catherine de. Peer & Marsh, of France 1754.. 1818 
 Peringskiold, John. Swed. Historian and Chronologist 16^4. .1720 
 
 Perit, Felatiah. American Philanthropist 1785 . .1864 
 
 Perizonius, James Voorbroek. Dutch Philologist 1651 . .1715 
 
 Perkin "Warbeck. Pretender and Impostor — . . 1499 
 
 Perkins, Elisha. American Physician. Inventor of Me- 
 tallic Tractors 1740- -1799 
 
 Perkins, Jacob. American Inventor 1766. . 1849 
 
 Perkins, Thos. Handasyd. Amer. Merchant & Philanthr. 1764. .1854 
 
 Perkins, William. Calvinistic Divine 1558. .1602 
 
 Pernety, Anthony Joseph. French Writer 1716. . 1801 
 
 Pernety, James, of Lyons. Historiographer 1696. . 1777 
 
 P6ron, Francis. French Voyager and Naturalist 1775 . . 1810 
 
 Perotti, Nicholas. Italian Scholar. ( Cornucopia) 1430- -1480 
 
 P6rouse, John Francis de Galaup de la. Circumnavigator 1741 . .1788? 
 Perrault, Charles. Writ, and Biog. {Parallele des Anciens 
 
 et Modernes ; Conies de ma Mere Z' Oye. ) Life by self 1628 . . 1 703 
 
 Perrault, Claude. Architect " 1613 . . 1688 
 
 Perrenot, Anthony. Minister of Philip II. /See Granvelle 1 5 16 . . 1 586 
 
 Perrier, Charles du. French Poet — . . 1692 
 
 Perrier, Francis. French Painter and Engraver 1590?. 1650 
 
 Perron, Anquetil du. French Orientalist 1731 • • 1805 
 
 Perron, James Davy du. Cardinal. (Perroniana) 1556.. 1618 
 
 Perronet, John Rodolph, French Civil Engineer 1708. .1794 
 
 Perrot, Sir John. Statesman 1527. .1592 
 
 Perrot d'Ablancourt, Nicholas. French Writer 1606. .1664 
 
 Perry, James. Polit. Writer. Ed. of Morning Chronicle 1756. .1821 
 
 Perry, John, Captain R. N. Engineer 1670*. 1733 
 
 Perry, Matthew Calbraith. United States Naval Officer 1795. -1858 
 
 Perry, Oliver Hazard. American Naval Officer 1785 . . 1820 
 
 Perseus. Last King of Macedon (b. c. 178-168) aft. 167 b.c. 
 
 Persius Flaccus, Aulus. Roman Satirist 34. . 62 
 
 Perth, James Drummond, Sixth Earl of, and Third 
 
 (titular) Duke of. Jacobite 1706. . 1746 
 
 Perthes, Christopher Frederick. German Bookseller. 
 
 Life by his son 1772. .1843 
 
 Pertinax. Roman Emperor (193, Jan. 1-Mar. 28) 126. . 193 
 
 Perugino. Pietro Vanned. Painter 1446. .1524 
 
 Peruzzi, Balthasar da Siena. Ital. Painter and Architect 1481 . .1536 
 Pesce, Cola, or Nicholas. Sicilian Swimmer and Diver. . tl. 14th c. 
 
 Pescennius Wiger. Pretender to Roman Empire — . . 194 
 
 Peselli, Pesello, of Florence. Painter 1404. . 1481 
 
 Pesellier, Charles Stephen. French Financier and Poet 1712. .1763 
 
 Pesellino, or Francis Pesello Peselli. Painter 1426. .1457 
 
 Pesne, or Pene, John. French Painter and Engraver. . . 1623. .1700 
 Pestalozzi, John Henry. Educationist. Life by Biber, 
 
 1841 ; Von Raumer, 1855 1746. • 1827 
 
 Petavius, or Petau, Dionysius. French Jesuit. Chronol- 
 ogist, Theologian, and Divine 1583- .1652 
 
 Peter, St. One of the Twelve Apostles — ab. 65 
 
 Peter, St. Bishop of Alexandria (300-11) — . . 311 
 
 Peter, St. Chrysologus. Bishop of Ravenna (433-50). . — .. 450 
 
 Peter. The Hermit Preacher of the First Crusade 1050?. 11 15 
 
 Peter. The Venerable. Abbot of Clugny 1093' • ^ ^S^ 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 319 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Peter I. King of Aragon (1094-1104) — . . 1 104 
 
 Peter II. (1196-1213) 1174..1213 
 
 Peterlll. (1276-1285.) The Great 1239. .1285 
 
 Peter IV. (1336-87.) The Ceremonious 1317. . 1387 
 
 Peter. King of Castile. The Cruel. L. by Dillon, 1788 1319. .1369 
 Peter I. Emperor of Russia (1689-1725). The Great. 
 Life by Mottley, 1739; Prince Sherebatoff, 1774; Von 
 
 Halem, 1804 1672. .1725 
 
 Peter II. (1727-30.) Alexievitch 1715 . . 1730 
 
 Peter III. (1762.) Feodorovitch 1728. . 1762 
 
 Peter I. King of Portugal (1357-67). The Severe 1320.. 1367 
 
 Peter II. Regent (1667-83), King (1683-1706) 1648. .1706 
 
 Peter III — . . 1786 
 
 Peter IV. (1826, Feb. 18-May 2), I. Emperor of Brazil 
 
 (1822-31) ; 1798- . 1834 
 
 Peter V. (1853-61) 1837.. 1861 
 
 Peter I. Emp. of Brazil (1822-31), IV. King of Portugal 1798 . . 1834 
 
 Peter. The Wild Boy. Found 1725 1 713 . . 1 785 
 
 Peter, Duke of Coimbra. Dom Pedro. Regentof Portugal 1392. .1449 
 Peter of Blois. Petrus Blesensis. Archd. of Lond. Writ. 1 120?. 1200' 
 Peter of Calabria. Pomponius Lcetus. Hist, and Antiq. 1425. .1497 
 Peter Comestor. Fr. Ecclesiastic. {Hist. Ecclesiastica) — ..1198 
 Peter Wolasque, St. Founder of the Order of Mercy . . 1189?. 1256 
 Peterborough, Chas. Mordaunt, 3d Earl of Commander 1658. .1735 
 
 Peterkin. Scottish Miscellaneous Writer 1781 . .1846 
 
 Peters, Bonaveuture, of Antwerp. Marine Painter 1614. .1653 
 
 Peters, Francis Lucas, of Mechlin. Painter 1606. . 1654 
 
 Peters, or Peter, Hugh. Fanatic. L. by Wm. Harris, 1751 1599. . 1660 
 
 Peters, John. Marine Painter 1625 . . 1677 
 
 Peters, Richard. American Jurist I744- • 1828 
 
 Peters, Rev. Samuel. American Historian 1735 . .1826 
 
 P6tliion de ViUeneuve, Jerome. French Revolutionist 1753. .1794 
 Petigru, James Louis. American Lawyer and Statesman 1789. . 1863 
 P6tion. Anne Alex. Sabes. President of St. Domingo. . 1770. .1818 
 
 P6tis de la Croix, Francis. French Orientalist 1653. . 1713 
 
 Petit, Anthony, of Orleans. Physician and Anatomist. . 1722. .1794 
 Petit, Francis. Poxirfour du Petit. Fr. Phys. & Anatomist 1664 . . 1 741 
 
 Petit, John Louis. French Surgeon 1674. .1750 
 
 Petit, Lewis Hayes, f. r. s., m. p. Patron of Literature. . 1774. . 1849 
 Petit, Peter. Fr. Mathematician and Natural Philosopher 1 598? . 1677 
 
 Petit, Peter. French Physician, Historian, and Poet 1617. .1687 
 
 Petit, Samuel. French Protestant Divine. {Leges Aiticce) 1594. .1643 
 Petit-Tliouars, Louis Mary Albert du. French Botanist 1758 . . 1831 
 
 Petitot, Claude Bernard. Historical Collector 1772 . . 1825 
 
 Petitot, John. Painter in Enamel 1607 , . 1691 
 
 Petiver, James. Naturalist — . .1718 
 
 Petoefi, Sandor, or Alexander. Hungarian Song Writer 1823. .1849 
 Petrarch, Francis. Italian Poet. L. bv Leonard Aretino, 
 1672; Manetti; Tommasini; Abbe de Sade, 1764; Fa- 
 broni, 1799 ; Mrs. Dobson, 1805 ; Thomas Campbell, 1841 1304. . 1374 
 
 Petre, Edward. Jesuit. Confessor to James II 1631 . . 1699 
 
 Petre, Sir William. Statesman and Scholar — . . 1572 
 
 Petrie, Henry. Record Antiquary 1768 . . 1842 
 
 Petronius, Titus. Arbiter. Friend of Nero. {Satyricon) — .. 66 
 
320 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORW. DIED. 
 
 PetroflF, Basil Petrovitch. Russian Poet 1736. .1799 
 
 Petrus Aponis, or Peter di Abano. Phys. and Astrologer 1250. . 131 5 
 Petrus Hispanus. Medical Writer, afterwards Pope 
 
 John XX. or XXI — . .1277 
 
 Pett, Sir Peter. Political Writer 1630. . ^ 
 
 Pettigrew, Tiiomas James, f. r. s. Antiquary 1790. . 1865 
 
 Pettus, Sir John, m. p. Writer on Mines and Metals ... — . . 1690 
 
 Petty, Sir William. {Political Ar-iihmetic) 1623. . 1687 
 
 Petty, William, Earl of Shelburne, Marquess of Lans- 
 
 downe. Premier 1737.. 1805 
 
 Petty-Fitzmaurice, Henry, Marquess of Lansdowne. . . 1780. .1S63 
 
 Petyt, Williatn. Legal Antiquary 1636. .1707 
 
 Peucer, Gaspard. German Physician and Mathematician 1525. .1602 
 Peurbach, or Purbach, George. German Astronomer . . 1423. .1461 
 
 Peuteman, Peter. Dutch Painter 1650 . . 1692 
 
 Peutinger, Conrad. German Scholar and Antiquary. . . 1465. .1547 
 Peyer, John Conrad. Swiss Anatomist. Discoverer . . . 1653. .1712 
 Peyre, Anthony Francis. French Painter and Architect 1739. .1823 
 Peyr§re, Isaac de la. French Writer. (Prce-Adamitce) 1594.. 1676 
 Peyron, John Francis Peter. French Historical Painter 1744. .1814 
 Peyronnet, Charles Ignatius, Count de. Fr. Statesman 1775. .1854 
 Peysonnel, Charles de, of Marseilles. Antiq. and Trav. 1700. .1757 
 Peysonnel, Charles de, son. Historical and Polit. Writer 1 727 . . 1 790 
 
 Pezarese, II. Painter. See Cantarini 1612. . 1648 
 
 Pezay, Alex. Fred. James Masson, Mqs. de. Fr. Writer 1741. .1777 
 
 Pezenas, Esprit. French Mathematician 1692. .1776 
 
 Pezron, Paul. Abb6. Biblical Writer 1639. .1706 
 
 Pfanner, Tobias. German Historian and Political Writer 1641 . .1717 
 Pfeffel, Christian Frederick. Jurisconsult & Diplomatist 1726. .1807 
 
 Pfefifel, Theophilus Conrad, of Colmar. Poet 1736. . 1809 
 
 Pfefifercorn, John. Converted Jew. {De Abolendis) — ..1520? 
 
 Pfeiflfer, Augustus. German Orientalist 1640. . 1698 
 
 Pfeiffer, Francis Louis. Swiss General in France 1716. . 1802 
 
 Pfeiffer, Ida. Traveler i795 • • 1858 
 
 Pfeiffer, Louis, of Lucerne. General of Charles IX 1530- -1594 
 
 Pflster, Albert. Printer 1420?. 1470? 
 
 Pheedrus. Latin Fabulist fl. 8 
 
 Phaer, Thomas. Welsh Physician and Poet — . .1560 
 
 Phalaris. Tyrant of Agrigentum — B.c.554? 
 
 Phavorinus. Guarino. {EtymohgiGum Magnum) — ••i537 
 
 Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. American Writer 1815 . . 1852 
 
 Pherecydes. Greek Philosopher fl. ab. B.c.544 
 
 Pherecydes. Greek Logographer fl. ab. B.c.480 
 
 Phidias. Greek Sculptor 490^.432 b.c. 
 
 Philander, William. French Writer on Vitruvius, &c. . . 1 505 . . 1 565 
 
 Philelphus, Francis. Italian Scholar 1398 . . 1481 
 
 Philemon. Athenian Comic Poet 360'' . 262 B.C. 
 
 Philidor, Francis Andrew Danican. Musician and Chess 
 
 Player 1726. . i795 
 
 Philip II. King of Macedon (b. c. 359-336). Father of 
 
 Alexander. Life by Olivier ; Leland, 1758 3^2 . 33^ B.C. 
 
 Philip Arrhideeus, son —b.c. 317? 
 
 Philip V. ( B. c. 220-179. ) Defeated at Cynoscephalae . 237 . 1 79 b.c. 
 Philip. Emperor of Rome. (244-249) — .. 249? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 321 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 PMlip I. King of France. (1060-1108) 1052 . . i io8 
 
 Philip II. (1180-1223.) Augustus. Life by Gulielmus 
 
 Brito; Baudot de Juilli, 1702 1165. .1223 
 
 Philip III. (1270-85.) The Hardy. L. by Wm. de Nangis 1245 . . 1285 
 
 Philip IV. (1285-1314.) The Fair 1268. . 1314 
 
 PhUip V. (1317-22.) The Long 1294 . . 1322 
 
 PMlip VI. ( 1328-50. ) De Val'uis 1293 .. 1350 
 
 Philip I. King of Spain (1504-6) 1478. .1506 
 
 Philip II. (1555-98.) Life by Cabrera; Leti; Prescott 1527. .1598 
 
 Philip III. (1598-1621) 1578.. 1621 
 
 PhUipIV. (1621-65) 1605. .1665 
 
 PhUipV. (1700-46.) Bukeo/Anjou. L. by Baccal. Sanna 1683. .1746 
 Philip II. Duke of Burgundy. (House of Valois.) 
 
 (1303-82.) The Hardy 1342. .1404 
 
 PhiUp III. (1419-67. ) The Good 1396 .. 1467 
 
 Philip. Duite of Swabia. Elected Emperor, 1198 1178. .1208 
 
 Philip. Duke of Orleans. Regent of France 1674. . 1723 
 
 Philip. King. Sachem of Pokanoket — . . 1676 
 
 Philip, St., of Neri. Founder of the Oratory iS^S- -1595 
 
 Philip, of the Holy Trinity. Fr. Miss. {Itin. Orientale) 1603. .1671 
 
 Philipot, John. (Villare Cantianum) — . . 1645 
 
 Philippa, of Hainault, Queen of Edward III — . . 1369 
 
 Philippi, Henry. German Jesuit. Chronological Writer 1575. .1636 
 
 Philippon, Armand, Baron. French General 1761 . . 1836 
 
 Philips, Ambrose. Poet 1671 . . 1749 
 
 Philips, Mrs. Catherine. Poetess 1631 . . 1664 
 
 Philips, Charles. Captain r. n. Navigator 1780. . 1840 
 
 Philips, Fabian. Royalist. Political Writer 1601 . . 1690 
 
 Philips, John. Poet. {Splendid Shilling ; Blenheim.) Life 
 
 by Sewel 1676. .1708 
 
 Philistus. Greek Historian of Syracuse 435 •'' . 356 b.c. 
 
 Phillimore, John Geo., q. c, m. p. Law Writer & Hist. 1809. . 1865 
 
 Phillip, Arthur. Navigator 1738. . 1814 
 
 Phillips, Charles. Irish Barrister 1789 . . 1859 
 
 Phillips, Edw. ; nephew of Milton. { Theatrurn Poetarum) 1630.. 1680 
 
 Phillips, George. German Jurist 1804. . i860 
 
 Phillips, John. American Merchant and Scholar 1719- • 1795 
 
 Phillips, Sir Richard. Writer 1768. . 1840? 
 
 Phillips, Richard, f. r. s. Pharmaceutical Chemist .... 1778. .1851 
 Phillips, Samuel. Amer. Merchant and Philanthropist 175 1. .1802 
 
 Phillips, Samuel, ll. d. Essayist and Novelist 1815 . . 1854 
 
 Phillips, Thomas. Rom. Cath. Div. {Life of Card. Pole) 1708. . 1774 
 
 Phillips, Thomas. {History of Shrewsbury) — ..1815 
 
 Phillips, Thomas, R. a. Portrait Painter 1770. . 1845 
 
 Phillips, Wm., F. r. s., f. g. s. Mineralog. & Crj'stallog. 1773. . 1828 
 Philo Judaeus. Jewish Philos., of Alexandria. . . B.c.2o-'.aft.A.D.4o 
 
 Philopcemen. Greek Commander 252 . 183 b.c, 
 
 Philostorgius. Ecclesiastical Historian 367-'. 430? 
 
 Philostratus. (De Vita Apollonii) 172'. — 
 
 Philotheus. Patriarch of Constantinople — . . 1371 ? 
 
 Philpot, Rev. Charles. Poetical Writer — . . 1823 
 
 Philpot, John. Archdeacon. Protestant Martyr — --iSSS 
 
 Phipps, Constantine, Lord Mulgrave. Navig. and Polit. 1744. .1792 
 Phipps, Constantine Henry. Mqs. of Normauby. Statesm. 1797.. 1863 
 21 
 
322 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 PMps, or PhippSi Sir William. Colonial Governor of 
 
 Massachusetts 1651 . . 1695 
 
 Phocas. Emperor of the East (602-10) — . . 610 
 
 Phocion. Athenian General. Life by Hugh Todd. . . 402?.3I7b.c. 
 
 Phocylides, of Miletus. Philosopher and Poet fl. b.c. 535? 
 
 Photius. Patriarch of Constantinople. {Myriobibhn). . 815'^ 891? 
 
 Phranza, George. Greek Historian 1401 . . 1478'' 
 
 Ptiryne. Athenian Courtesan fl. 4th c. b.c. 
 
 Physick, Philip Syng. Amer. Physician and Surgeon. . 1768. .1837 
 Pia, Philip Nicholas. French Chemist; Restorer of the 
 
 drowned 1 721 . . 1 799? 
 
 Piazza, Jerome Bartholomew. Writer on the Inquisition — . .1745' 
 
 Piazzetta, John Baptist, of Venice. Painter 1682 or 3. 1754 
 
 Piazzi, Joseph. Italian Astronomer 1746. . 1826 
 
 Pibrac, Guy de Faur, Lord of. Lawyer and Poet. ( Quat- 
 rains) 1529. .1584 
 
 Picard, John. French Astronomer and Mathematician . . 1620.. 1682 
 
 Picard, Louis Benedict. French Dramatic Writer 1769. .1828 
 
 Picart, Bernard. French Engraver 1673 , . 1733 
 
 Picart, Stephen. Le Romain. French Engraver 1631 . .1721 
 
 Piccart, Michael. German Philosopher and Critic 1574- .1620 
 
 Piccini, Nicholas. Neapolitan Musical Composer 1728. .1800 
 
 Piccoloraini, Alexander. Abp. Dramatist and Philos. 1508. .1578 
 
 Piccolomini, Francis. Italian Philosopher 1520. . 1604 
 
 Piccoloraini, James. Cardinal. Ammanati. Historian 1422. .1479 
 Piccolomini, Octavius. Austrian Gen. in 30 Years' War 1599. . 1656 
 
 Pichegru, Charles. French General 1761 . . 1804 
 
 Pichler, Caroline. German Novelist 1769. . 1843 
 
 Pichon, John. French Jesuit. {The Spirit of Jesus Christ) i6S^. .ly^i 
 
 Picken, Andrew. Miscellaneous Writer 1788. . 1833 
 
 Pickens, Andrew. American Revolutionary General. . . 1739. .1817 
 Pickering, John. Amer. Scholar, Philologist, and Jurist 1777. .1846 
 Pickering, Timothy. Amer. Revolutionary Statesman 1746. .1829 
 
 PickersgUl, Henry William. Artist 1782. . 1861 
 
 Pickett, Albert James. American Historian 1810. . 1858 
 
 Pico, John, della Mirandola. Ital. Philos. and Theologian 1463 . . 1494 
 Pictet, Benedict, of Geneva. Divine and Historian .... 1655. .1724 
 Pictet, Mark Augustus, of Geneva. Natural Philosopher 1752. .1825 
 Pictet de Richemont, Charles. Swiss Agriculturist. . . 1755 , . 1824 
 Picton, Sir Thomas. General. Life by H. B. Robinson — . .1815 
 Picus, John, of Mirandola. Scholar. L. by J. F. Picus 1463. .1494 
 
 Picus, John Francis, nephew. Theologian and Poet 1469. . 1533 
 
 Pidding, H. J. Artist .• 1797''. 1864 
 
 Pidou de St. Olon, Francis. Fr. Ambassador and Writ. 1640. .1720 ' 
 
 Pierce, Edward. Painter — . . 1680'' 
 
 Pierce, James, of Exeter. Presbyterian Divine — . .1730 
 
 •Pierer, Henry Augustus. German Publisher i794- • 1850 
 
 Pierino, or Pierino del Vaga. BuonaccJrsi. Ital. Painter 1501 . . 1547 
 
 Piermarini, Joseph. Italian Architect i734- • 1808 
 
 Pierquin, John. French Divine 1672. .1742 
 
 Pierre, Corneille de la, or Cornelius a Lapide. Comment. — . . 1657 
 Pierson, Christopher. Historical and Portrait Painter. . 1631 . . 1714 
 
 Pietro da Pietri. Historical Painter of Rome 1671..1716 
 
 Pietro della Prancesca. Florentine Painter i398-\ 1483? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 823 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Pigafetta, Francis Anthony. Voyager 1491 ? . aft. 15 34 
 
 Pigalle, John Baptist. French Sculptor 1 7 14. . 1785 
 
 Piganiol de la Force, John Aymar. {History of Paris) 1673. .1753 
 Pighius, Albert. Ger. Roman Catholic Controversialist 1490?. 1542 
 
 Pighius, Stephen Wynants, nephew. Antiquary 1520. . 1604 
 
 Pignone, Simon, of Florence. Painter 1614. . 1698 
 
 Pignoria, Lawrence. Ital. Antiquary. ( The Isiac Tablet) 1571 . . 163 1 
 Pignotti, Lawrence. Ital. Poet & Hist. {Fables ; Tuscany) 1739. . 18x2 
 
 Pigray, Peter. French Surgeon — . . 1613 
 
 Pike, Zebulon Montgomery. American General i779- • 1813 
 
 Pilate, Pontius. Roman Governor of Judaea — . . 38? 
 
 Pilatre du Rosier, Francis. Aeronaut 1756. .1785 
 
 Piles, Roger de. French Writer and Painter 1635 . .1709 
 
 Pilkington, James. Bishop of Durham. Prot. Reformer 1520. . 1575 
 Pilkington, Jas. Dissenting Div. {View of Derbyshire) ly^z. .1S04. 
 
 Pilkington, Mrs. Laetitia. Poetess 1712..1750 
 
 Pilkington, Mrs. Mary. Writer 1766. . 1840? 
 
 Pilkington, Rev. Matthew, ll.. b. Biblical Scholar .... — . .1765 
 PUlans, James, ll. d. Prof, at Edinburgh. Educationist 1778. . 1864 
 
 Pilon, Frederick. Irish Dramatic Writer i75o. .1788 
 
 Pilon, Germain. French Sculptor and Architect 1515?. 1590? 
 
 PinsBus, or Pineau, Severinus. French Surgeon 1550. .1619 
 
 Pinchbeck, Thomas. Mechanician — . . 1783 
 
 Pinciano, Alonzo Lopez. Span. Phys. {Art of Poetry) 12^0'^ . — 
 Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth. American Revolution- 
 ary Officer and Diplomatist — . . 1825 
 
 Pinckney, Thomas, brother. Officer and Statesman ... — . . 1828 
 
 Pindar. Theban Lyric Poet 518.442? b.c. 
 
 Pindar, Sir Paul. Diplomatist .• — . . 1650 
 
 Pindemonte, Hippolytus, Count. Italian Poet i753- • 1828 
 
 Pindemonte, John, brother. Dramatic Writer 1751 • • 1812 
 
 Pine, John. Engraver and Printer. {Virgil; Mag. Charta) i6go. .ly ^6 
 Pineau, Gabriel du. Fr. Lawyer. Father of the People 1573. .1644 
 Pineda, John de. Span. Orientalist and Biblical Writer 1557. .1637 
 
 Pinel, Philip. French Medical Writer i745 • • 1826 
 
 PineUi, Bartholomew. Painter and Etcher at Rome. ... 1781 . . 1835 
 
 Pinelli, John Vincent. Italian Patron of Letters i535- -1601 
 
 Pinet, Anthony du, Lord of Norroy. French Writer ... — . .1584? 
 
 Pingeron, John Claude, of Lyons. Political Writer 1730?. 1795 
 
 Pingr6, Alexander Guy. Fr. Astron. { Cometographie) 1 711.. 1796 
 
 Pinkerton, John. Miscellaneous Writer 1758. . 1826 
 
 Pinkney, Edward Coate. American Poet 1802. . 1828 
 
 Pinkney, William. American Lawyer. L. by Wheaton 1764. . 1822 
 Pinon, James. Fr. Lawyer and Poet. {De Anno Romano) — ..1641 
 
 Pinson, Richard. Printer — . .1530? 
 
 PinteUi, Baccio. Italian Architect — . . 1494' 
 
 Pinto. Portuguese Traveler. *See Mendez 1509?. 1583 
 
 Pintor, Peter. Spanish Physician 1423. -1503 
 
 Pinturicchio, Bernardin. Bernardino Betti. Painter. . 1454. .1513 
 
 Pinzon, Martin Alonzo. Navigator — aft.1492 
 
 Pinzon, Vincent Yaiiez. Navigator fl. i6th c. 
 
 Pio, Albert, Prince of Carpi. Opponent of the Reformation 1475 ' . 1531 
 
 Piombino, Maria Anne Eliza Bonapart, Princess i777- .1820 
 
 Piombo, Sebastiano del. Painter 1485 . .1547 
 
324 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIKD. 
 
 Piozzi, Mrs. Hester Lynch. L. by self, andH^yward, 1861 1739. . 1821 
 Piper, Charles, Count. Minister of Chas. XII. of Sweden — . .1716 
 
 Piper, Francis le. English Comic Painter — . . 1740 
 
 Pippi, Julius. Giulio Romano 1492 . . 1 546 
 
 Piranesi, Francis. Artist 1748. . 1810 
 
 Piranesi, John Baptist. Engraver, Architect, Antiquary 1720. .1778 
 
 Piranesi, Laura. Engraver — . . 1 785 
 
 Piroli,, Thomas. Italian Designer and Engraver i750- .1824 
 
 Piromalli, Paul. Italian Orientalist and Missionary 1591'. 1667 
 
 Piron, Alexis. French Poet and Dramatist 1689. .1773 
 
 Pisa, Leonard of, or Leonardo Fibonacci. Arithmetician, fl. 1220'' 
 
 Pisan, Christina de. Historical and Poetical Writer 1363'. 1431? 
 
 Pisan,- Thomas. Astrologer, of Bologna — . . 1380 
 
 Pisani, Victor. Venetian General — . . 1380 
 
 Pisano, II. Nicholas di Pisa. Sculptor and Architect 1 200 ? . aft. 1 273 
 Pisano, Andrew. Architect, Sculptor, Metal Founder . . 1270. .1345 
 Pisano, Giunta. Giunta dl Pisa. Tuscan Painter . . . 11 80 '.aft. 1236 
 
 Pisano, John. Architect and Sculptor 1235"'. 1320 
 
 Piscator, John Fischer. German Calvinistic Divine 1546.. 1626 
 
 Pisistratus. Tyrant of Athens (b. c. 560-527) 612-'. 527 B.C. 
 
 Pisseleu, Anne de, Duchess d'Etampes. Favorite of 
 
 Francis 1 1508. .1576? 
 
 Pistorius, John. German Historian and Controversialist 1546. . 1608 
 Pitau, Nicholas, of Antwerp. Painter and P^ngraver. . . . 1633'^ 1676? 
 Pitcairn, Archibald, m.d. {Elementa Physico-Mathemat.) 1652. .1713 
 
 PithGU, Francis. Jurist i544- • 1621 
 
 Pithou, Peter, brother. French Jurist and Philologist. . 1539. .1596 
 Pitiscus, Bartholomew. Divine and Mathematician. ... 1 561. .1613 
 
 Pitiscus, Samuel. Philologist. 1637. .1717 
 
 Pitkin, Timothy. American Historian 1765 . . 1847 
 
 Pitot, Henry. Mathematician and Engineer 1695 . . 1771 
 
 Pits, or Pitsius, John. Roman Catholic Biographer 1560. .1616 
 
 Pitt, Rev. Christopher. Poet and Translator 1699. .1748 
 
 Pitt, Thomas. Governor of Fort St. George 1653. .1726 
 
 Pitt, William, First Earl of Chatham. *See Chatham.. . . 1708. . 1778 
 Pitt, Wm., son. Premier. L. by GifFord ; Earl Stanhope 1759.. 1806 
 
 Pittacus, of Mitylene. Warrior and Sage 652?. 569 B.C. 
 
 Pitts, William. Artist 1790- • 1840 
 
 Pius I. Pope (142-157) — • • i57 
 
 Pius II. (1458-64.) JEneas Sylvius Piccolomim. Life 
 
 by J. Gobelin, 1584 1405 • • 1464 
 
 Pius III. (1503.) Francis Todeschini Piccolomini i439--i5o3 
 
 Pius IV. (1559-65.) John Angela de' Medici 1499. .1565 
 
 Pius V. (1566-72.) Michael Ghislieri 1504. . 1572 
 
 Pius VI. (1775-99.) John Anq. Braschi. L. by Bourgoing 1717. .1799 
 Pius VII. (1800-23.) Barnabas Louis Chiaramonii ... 1742. .iS2^ 
 
 Pius VIII. (1829-30.) Castiglione 1761 . . 1830 
 
 Pizarro, Francis. Conqueror of Peru 1475 ^-^54^ 
 
 Pizarro, Gonzalo, brother. Spanish Adventurer 1506. . 1548 
 
 Pizzi, Joachim. Italian Poet 1716. .1790 
 
 Placcius, Vincent. German Jurist 1642 . . 1699 
 
 Place, Francis. Painter and Engraver — . . 1728 
 
 Place, Peter de la. French Magistrate and Writer 1526. . 1572 
 
 Placentius, Peter, or John Leo. {Pugna Poi-corum). . . . 1500? . 1550? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 325 
 
 BOHN. DIED. 
 
 Placette, John de la. Fr. Protestant. (Essais de Morale) 1639. .1718 
 Placidia. Roman Empress, mother of Valentinian III. . . 390?. 450 
 
 Placitus Papyriensis, Sextus. {De Medicamentis) fl. 4th c. 
 
 Planche, John Baptist Gustavus. French Critic 1808 . . 1857 
 
 Planck, Theophilus James. German Theologian 1751- • 1833 
 
 Plantin, Christopher. French Printer at Antwerp 1514- -15^9 
 
 Planudes Maximus. Greek Monk. {Life of JEsop) . . — aft.1340 
 
 Plater, Feljx, of Basle. French Medical Writer 1536 . . 1614 
 
 Platina, Bartholomew de' Sacchi. {History of the Popes) 1421 . .1481 
 
 Plato. Greek Philosopher 428^347 B.C. 
 
 Platoff, Matvei Ivanovitch. Russian General i757 • • 1818 
 
 Platon. Archbishop of Moscow 1 72)7 ■ • 1802 
 
 Plautus, Titus Maccius. Latin Comic Poet 254?. 184 B.C. 
 
 Playfair, John. Mathem. and Nat. Philos. of Edinburgh 1749. . 1819 
 
 Playfair, William. Political Writer i759- • 1823 
 
 Playford, Henry. ( Orpheus Britannicus) — ..1710? 
 
 Playford, John. Writer on Music 1613. . 1693 
 
 Plegmund. Archbishop of Canterbury (890-914) — . . 914 
 
 Plempius, Vopiscus Fortunatus. Dutch Medical Writer 1601 . . 1671 
 
 Pleyel, Ignatius. German Musical Composer i757- • 1831 
 
 Pleyel, Joseph Stephen Camille, son. Comp. and Pianist 1788 . . 1855 
 
 Pliny, the Elder. {Historia Naturalis) 23. . 79 
 
 Pliny, the Younger. Propraetor; Author 61 .aft. 105 
 
 Ploos van Amstel, Cornelius. Dutch Engraver 1726. .1798 
 
 Plot, Robert, ll. d. Natural Philosopher and Antiquary 1641 . . 1696 
 
 Plotinus. Neoplatonic Philosopher 205 . . 270 
 
 Plowden, Edmund. Rom. Cath. Politician & Law Writer 15 18. .1585 
 Plowden, Francis. Historical and Miscellaneous Writer — ..1829 
 
 Pluche, Noel Anthony. French Writer 1688. .1761 
 
 Plukenet, Leonard. Botanist 1642. .1710? 
 
 Plume, Thomas. Founder of Plumian Professorship 1630. . — 
 
 Plumer, William. Amer. Politician. L. by his son, 1856 1759. . 1850 
 
 Plumier, Charles. French Botanist 1646. .1704 
 
 Plumptre, Rev. James. Miscellaneous Writer 1771 . . 1832 
 
 Plunket, Oliver. Archbishop of Armagh; executed 1629. .1681 
 
 Plunket, Wm. Conyngham, Lord. Ld. Chanc. of Ireland 1764. .1854 
 
 Pluquet, Francis Andrew Adrian. French Writer 17 16. .1790 
 
 Plutarch. Greek Biographer and Philosopher 46?. 120? 
 
 Pocahontas. Daughter of Powhatan 1595?. 161 7 
 
 Poccetti. Italian Painter. /See Barbatelli 1542.. 1612 
 
 Pocock, Edward, d. d Orientalist and Biblical Com- 
 mentator. Life by Twells, 1740 1604. . 1691 
 
 Pocock, Isaac. Artist and Dramatist 1782. . 1835 
 
 Pococke, Richard. Bp. of Meath. Traveler in the East 1704. .1765 
 
 Podiebrad, George. King of Bohemia; Hussite 1420. .1471 
 
 Poe, Edgar Allan. American Poet and Tale Writer 1811 . . 1849 
 
 Poelemburg, Cornelius. Dutch Painter 1586. . 1660 
 
 Poellnitz, Chas. Louis, Baron von. Ger. Writer of Memoirs 1 692 ..1775 
 Poerson, Charles Francis. Fr. Hist, and Portr. Painter 1653?. 1725 
 Poggio Bracciolini, John Francis. Reviver of Learn- 
 ing. Life by Dr. W. Shepherd, 1802 1380 . . 1459 
 
 Poilly, Francis. French Engraver 1622 . . 1693 
 
 Poindexter, George. American Politician — . . 1853 
 
 Poinsett, Joel Roberts. American Statesman i779- • 1851 
 
326 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Poiret, Peter. Mystical Enthusiast. {Divine Economy) 16^6. .17 1() 
 Poirier, Germain. French Chronologist and Antiquary . 1724. .1803 
 
 Poirson, John Baptist. French Geographer 1760. . 1831 
 
 Pois, Anthony le. French Piiysician and Numismatist . 1525, .1578 
 
 Poisson, Nicholas Joseph. Abb6. Philosopher 1637.. 1710 
 
 Poisson, Raymond. French Actor and Dramatist 1633. . 1690 
 
 Poisson, Simeon Denis. French Mathematician 1781 . . 1840 
 
 Poissonnier, Peter Isaac. Fr. Physician and Chemist. . 1720. .1798 
 
 Poitiers, Diana de, Duchess de Valentinois 1500. .1556 
 
 Poivre, Peter. French Naturalist and Traveler 1719. .1786 
 
 Polan, Amand. Protestant Theologian of Basle 1561 . . 1610 
 
 Pole, Reginald. Cardinal. Abp. of Canterbury (1556-58). 
 
 Life by T. Phillips; Beccadelli, translated by Pye.. . . 1500. .1558 
 
 Polemo. Grecian Philosopher 340'' . 272? b.c. 
 
 Polemo. Grecian Geographer fl. 2d c. 
 
 Poleni, John, Marquis. Italian Mathematician 1683. .1761 
 
 Polevoy, Nicholas Alexievitch. Siberian Writer 1796. . 1846 
 
 Polliein, Christopher. Swedish Engineer 1661 . . 1751 
 
 Poll, Joseph Xavier. Italian Naturalist 1746. . 1825 
 
 Poll, Martin. Italian Chemist • 1662 . .1714 
 
 Polidoro. Da Caravaygio. Painter., 1495 . .1543 
 
 Polignac, Jules Augustus Armand Mary, Prince de. 
 
 French Statesman; Minister of Charles X 1780. .1847 
 
 Polignac, Melchior de. Cardinal. Statesm. and Writer. 
 
 {Anti-Lucretius.) L. by F. Chrysostom Faucher, 1777 1661 . .1741 
 
 Polinidre, Peter. French Mathematician 1671 . .1734 
 
 Politi, Alexander. Italian Scholar 1679. .1752 
 
 Politian, or Poliziano, Angelo. Scholar. L. by Gresswell 1454. . 1494 
 Polk, James Knox. Eleventh President of United States 1795 .. 1849 
 Polk, Leonidas. " Confederate" Bishop and General. . . 1806. .1864 
 Pollajuolo, Anthony. Florentine Painter and Sculptor. 1426. .1498 
 
 PoUajuolo, Peter, brother. Painter and Sculptor 1428. . 1498 
 
 Pollajuolo, Simon del. II Cronaca. Architect i454- '1509 
 
 Pollexfen, Sir Henry. Judge — . . 1682 
 
 PoUio, Caius Asinius. Roman Orator, Poet, and Hist.. B.C.76.A.D.4 
 PoUio, Trebellius. One of the Writers of the Hisioria 
 
 Augusta ti. Constantine 
 
 Pollnitz, Chas. Louis, Baron von. Ger. Writer of Memoirs 1692 . . 1775 
 PoUok, Robert. Poet. { Course of Time.) Life by Pol- 
 
 lok, 1842 1799- -1827 
 
 Pollux, Julius. Greek Grammarian. {Onomasticon).. . 180.. 238 
 
 Polo, Gaspar Gil. Spanish Poet and Romancist 1516. . 1572 
 
 Polo, Marco. Traveler 1256?. 1323 
 
 Polus, Matthaeus. {Synopsis Criticorum.) >See Poole. .. 1624. .1679 
 Polwhele, Rev. Richard. Antiquary, Historian, Poet. 
 
 ( Cornioall) 1760. .1838 
 
 Polyeenus, Julius. The Macedonian. Writer. {Strata- 
 
 gemata) fl. 150 
 
 Polybius. Greek Historian 204?. 122? B.C. 
 
 Polycarp. Bishop of Smvma. Martyr 80?. 160' 
 
 Polycletus. Greek Sculp'tor fl. 452-412 B.C. 
 
 Polycrates. Tyrant of Samos — B.c.522 
 
 Polydore Ver^. Historian 1470?. 15.55 
 
 Polygnotus. Greek Painter fl. 4^3-435 b-o- 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 327 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Pombal, Sebastian Joseph de Carvalho, Marquis of. Por- 
 tuguese Statesman. Life, Paris, 4 vols. 12mo, 1783; 
 
 J. Smith, 1843 1699. .1782 
 
 Pomeranus, or John Bugenhagen. Protestant Reformer 1485 . .1558 
 
 Pomet, Peter, of Paris. ( General History of Drugs) 1658. .1699 
 
 Pomey, Francis. French Jesuit. {Pantheum Mysticum) 161S. .1673 
 
 Pomfret, John. Poet 1667?. 1703 
 
 Pomxneraye, John Francis, of St. Maur. Eccles. Hist. 161 7. .1687 
 Pompadour, Jane Antoinette Poisson, Marchioness of.. . 1722. .1764 
 Porapei, Jerome. Italian Poet. Life by Pindemonte; 
 
 Cardinal Fontana 173^ • -1788 
 
 Pompeius, Sextus. Roman Commander 75-35 ^■^' 
 
 Pompey the Great. Roman General 106.48 B.C. 
 
 Pompignan, John George le Franc de. Archbp. ; Writer 1 7 1 5 . . 1 790 
 Pompignan, John James le Franc, Marquis de, brother. 
 
 Poet and Writer 1709- -1784 
 
 Pomponatius, or Pomponazzi, Peter. Pereito. Aris- 
 totelian Philosopher. (De Immortalitate Animce) . . 1462 . 1 524 or 6 
 Pomponius Lsetus, Julius. Peter of Calabria. Historian 1425.. 1497 
 
 Pomponius Mela. Roman Geographer fl. So-' 
 
 Pona, Francis, of Verona. Physician i594- • 1652? 
 
 Pona, John Baptist, of Verona. Philosopher and Poet. — . .1588 
 
 Ponce, Peter de. Spanish Teacher of the Dumb 1530?. 1584 
 
 Ponce de Leon, John. Spanish Discoverer in America 1460''. 1521 
 
 Ponce de Leon, Louis. Spanish Lyric Poet 1528. .1591 
 
 Ponce de Leon, Roderick. Spanish Commander i443- -1492 
 
 Pond, John. Astronomer Royal 1767?. 1836 
 
 Ponet, or Poynet, John. Bp. of Winchester. Reformer I5i4'.i556 
 Poniatowski, Joseph Anthony, Prince. Polish General ; 
 
 Marshal of France 1762. . 1813 
 
 Poniatowski, Stanislaus. Ambassador 1677 . . 1762 
 
 Poniatowski, Stanislaus Augustus, last King of Poland 
 
 (1764-92) 1732. . 1798 
 
 Pons, John Francis de. French Writer 1683 . . 1 732 
 
 Pons, Louis. French Astronomer 1761 . . 1831 
 
 Ponsonby, Sir Fred. Cavendish, k. c. b. Major-General 1783. .1837 
 Pontanus, James. Bohemian Jesuit ; Philologist and 
 
 Classical Scholar 1542, . 1626 
 
 Pontanus, John Isaac. Danish Historian and Antiquary 1571 . . 1639 
 
 Pontanus, Jovianus. Italian Latin Poet 1426. -1503 
 
 Pontas, John. French Religious Writer 1638. .1728 
 
 Ponte, Lorenzo da. Italian Poet. {Don Juan) i749- • 1837 
 
 Pontedera, Julius. Italian Botanist 1688 . . 1757 
 
 Pontiac. North American Indian Chief 17 12'. 1769 
 
 Pontianus. Bishop of Rome (230-85) — . . 235 
 
 Pontius. Ecclesiastical Writer. {Life of Cyprian) — .. 258' 
 
 Pontius, or De Fuente, Constantine. Spanish Divine .. . — ••i559 
 
 Pontius, Paul. Engraver I596?.aft.i653 
 
 Pontoppidan, Eric. Danish Divine and Grammarian . . 1621 . . 1678 
 Pontoppidan, Eric, nephew. {Annals of Danish Church) 1698. .1764 
 Pontormo, James da. Jacopo Carrucci. Itahan Painter 1493. -1558 
 Ponz, Anthony. Span. Topographer and Writer on Art 1725 . .1792 
 
 Pool, Jurian van. Dutch Portrait Painter 1666. . 1745 
 
 Pool, Rachel van, wife. Flower Painter 1664. . 1750 
 
328 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Poole, Matthew. {Annotations ; Synopsis Criticorum) . . . 1624.. 1679 
 
 Poor, Daniel. American Missionary 1789. . 1855 
 
 Pope, Alexander. Poet. Life bv W. Ayre, 1745 ; Owen 
 
 Ruff head, 1767; Bowles; Roscoe, 1824; R. Carruthers 1688. .1744 
 Pope, Sir Thomas. Treasurer. L. by Rev. T. Warton, 1772 1508-^ 1559 
 
 Pope, Walter, m. d. Gresham ProVessor ; Humorist — . .1714 
 
 Popham, Sir Home Riggs. Naval Commander. 1762. .1820 
 
 Popham, Sir John. Judge 1531- .1607 
 
 Poppsea Sabina. Wife of Nero ? — . . 65 
 
 Popple, William. Governor of Bermuda. Dramatist... 1701''. 1764 
 
 Porbus, Francis. The Elder. Dutch Painter 1540- .1580' 
 
 Porbus, Francis, son. The Younger. Painter 1570- .1622 
 
 Porcacclii, Thomas. Venetian Collector and Writer. . . 1530. .1585 
 Porcheron, David Placide. French Benedictine; Scholar 1652. .1694 
 
 Porcia, daughter of Cato, wife of Brutus — . .' 42 
 
 Pordage, John. Astrologer and Alchemist 1625 . . 1698 
 
 Porden, Miss Eleanor Anne. Writer, ^ee Franklin .,. 1795. .1825 
 Pordenone, II. John Anthony Licinio Regillo. Ital. Paint. 1484. . 1540 
 Por6e, Charles. French Rhetorician and Writer. ( Collec- 
 tion of Harangues) 1675 . .1741 
 
 Por6e, Charles Gabriel, br. {Nouvelles Litteraires de Caen) 1685 . .1770 
 Porphyry, of Tyre. Greek Philos. ; Antichristian Writer 233.. 305 
 
 Porpora, Nicholas. Italian Musical Composer 1685 . .1767 
 
 Porporati, Charles Anthony. Italian P^ngraver 1741 . . 1816 
 
 Porson, Richard. Critic. Life by J. S. Watson, 1861 . . 1759. . i8o8 
 Porta, Baccio della. Fra Bartolomeo di San Marco, or 
 
 II Frate. Painter 1469. . 1517 
 
 Porta, Costanzo. Italian Musical Composer — . . 1641 
 
 Porta, James della. Italian Architect 1530'- 1595' 
 
 Porta, J. Baptist della. Neapol. Phys. {Magia Naturalis) 1550?. 1615 
 
 Porta, Simon. Italian Aristotelian Philosopher 1496. .1554 
 
 Portal, Anthony. Ital. Phys. {Hist, of Anat. and Surgery) 1742.. 1832 
 Portalis, John Stephen Mary. Fr. LaAvyer & Statesman 1746. . 1807 
 
 Porte, Peter de la. French Courtier. {Memoirs) 1603 . . 1680 
 
 Porter, Alexander. American Jurist 1786. . 1844 
 
 Porter, Miss Anna Maria. Novelist. {Hungarian Brothers) 1 781.. 1832 
 
 Porter, David. American Naval Officer 1780, . 1843 
 
 Porter, Ebenezer. American Divine 1772. .1834 
 
 Porter, Francis. Irish Theologian at Rome — . .1702 
 
 Porter, George Richardson. {Progress of the Nation). . . 1792. .1855 
 Porter, Miss Jane. Novelist. ( Thaddeus of Warsaw ; 
 
 Scottish Chiefs) 1 776 . . 1850 
 
 Porter, Peter Buel. American Soldier i773- • 1844 
 
 Porter, Sir Robert Ker. Diplom., Paint., Writ. ( Travels) 1780. . 1842 
 
 Porter, William David. American Naval Officer — ..1864 
 
 Portes, Philip des. French Poet ^546. • 1606 
 
 Porteus, Beilby. Bishop of London (1787-1808). Life 
 
 by Hodgson 1731 . . 1808 
 
 Portlock, J . E. Major-General. Engineer and Geologist 1 795 ^ 1864 
 
 Portsmouth, Duchess of. See Querouaille 1652''. 1734 
 
 Portus, JEmilius. Greek Lexicographer 1550.aft.1612 
 
 tortus, Francis. Greek Scholar 1511 . .1581 
 
 Posidonius. Greek Philosopher 135 • . 50? b.c. 
 
 Possevin, Anthony. Italian Jesuit. Politician and Writer 1534. .1611 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 329 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Post, Francis, of Haarlem. Painter and Engraver 1614. . 1680 
 
 Postel, William. French Visionary 1510. .1581 
 
 Postlethwayte, Malachi. Commercial Writer 1707?. 1767 
 
 Pote, Joseph, of Eton. {History of Windsor Castle) — . . 1787 
 
 Potemkin, Gregory Alexandrovitch. Russ. Field Marshal 1736. .1791 
 
 Potenger, or Pottinger, John. Poet. ( On Death) 1647. . i733 
 
 Poter, or Potter, Paul. Dutch Painter of Animals 1625 . . 1654 
 
 Pothier, Robert Joseph. French Lawyer 1699 . . 1 772 
 
 Potocki, Claudia, Countess. Benefactress 1802. .1836 
 
 Potocki, Ignatius, Count. Polish Patriot 1751 . . 1809 
 
 Potocki, John, Count. Polish Historian 1761 . . 1815 
 
 Potocki, Stanislaus Kostka, Ct. Polish Statesm. and Writ. 1757 . . 1821 
 
 Pott, John Henry. Professor of Chemistry at Berlin 1692. .1777 
 
 Pott, Joseph Holden. Archdeacon of London. Poet&Div. 1779.. 1847 
 
 Pott, Percival. Surgical Writer. Life by Earle 1713- .17^8 
 
 Potter, Alonzo, d. d. American Divine and Writer 1800. . 1863 
 
 Potter, Christopher. Dean of Worcester. Anti-Calvinist 
 
 Divine 1591?. 1646 
 
 Potter, Francis. Divine and Mechanician. {Explication 
 
 of No. 666) 1594- • 1678 
 
 Potter, John. Archbishop of Canterbury ( 1737-47 ). ( An- 
 tiquities of Greece.) Life by Anderson and Dunbar. . 1674?. 1747 
 Potter, Louis Joseph Anthony de. Belgian Revolutionist 1786. . 1859 
 
 Potter, Paul. Dutch Painter of Animals 1625 . . 1654 
 
 Potter, Robert. Poet and Translator of Greek Plays ... 1721 . .1804 
 
 Pettier, Francis. French Missionary 1718 . .1792 
 
 Pottinger, Sir Henry. Commander and Envoy 1789 . .1856 
 
 Potts, Rev. George, d. d. American Divine 1801 . . 1864 
 
 Pouget, Francis Aim^, French Theologian 1666. .1723 
 
 PouUe, Nicholas Louis. Abb^. Preacher 1703- .1781 
 
 Pounds, John. English Philanthropist ' 1766. . 1839 
 
 Poupart, Francis. French Physician and Anatomist . . . 1661 . .1709 
 Pourbus, orPorbus, Francis. 'The Elder. Dutch Painter 1540. .1580? 
 Pourbus, or Porbus, Francis, son. The Younger. Portrait 
 
 Painter , 1570. .1622 
 
 Pourchot, Edmund. French Orientalist and Philosopher 165 1 . .1734 
 Pourfour du Petit, Francis, of Paris. Phys. & Herbalist 1664. .1741 
 
 Pouschkin, Alexander. Russian Poet . .'. i799- -1^37 
 
 Poussin, Caspar. Painter 1613..1675 
 
 Poussin, Nicholas. Painter i594- • 1665 
 
 Powell, Rev. Baden. Professor 1796. . i860 
 
 PoweU, David. Welsh Divine 1552?. 1598 
 
 Powell, Edward. Roman Catholic Divine; hanged. 
 
 {Propugnaculum) — . .1540 
 
 Powell, Foster. Pedestrian 1734^ 1793 
 
 Powell, Gabriel. Writer. ( Unlawfulness of Toleration) . 1 5 75 . . 161 1 
 
 Powell, George. Actor and Dramatist — . .1714 
 
 Powell, Griffith, of Jesus Coll., Oxf. {De Demonstratione) 1 561 . . 1620 
 
 Powell, Sir John. Judge — --^y^S 
 
 Powell, John Joseph. Jurist — • . 1801 
 
 Powell, William. Actor — . .1769 
 
 Powell, William Samuel. Archdeacon of Colchester. 
 
 Life by T. Balguy 1717. -1775 
 
 Power, Henry, m. d. Natural Philosopher — . . 1668 
 
330 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Po'wer, Tyrone. Irish Actor and Author 1795 • • 1^4^ 
 
 Powhatan. Indian Sachem — . . 1618 
 
 Powis, Percy Herbert, Lord. Royalist and Writer — . . 1667 
 
 Powlett, First Marquess of Winchester. See Pawlett. . . 1475 . . 1572 
 Pownall, Thomas, m. p. Political & Antiquarian Writer 172^.. 1805 
 Poynet, or Ponet, John. Bp. of Winchester. Reformer I5i4''.i556 
 Poynings, Sir Edward. Author of "Poynings's Law" 
 
 in Ireland — . . 1512 
 
 Poyntel, Daniel. Nonconformist Divine — . . 1674 
 
 Pozzetti, Pompilius. Florentine Writer 1769. . 1816 
 
 Pozzo, Andrew. Painter and Architect 1642 . . 1 709 
 
 Pozzo, Modesta. Fonie-Moderata. Venetian Poetess. . . 1555. .1592 
 
 Pozzo di Borgo, Charles Andrew. Diplomatist 1764. . 1842 
 
 Pradier, John James. Sculptor at Paris 1792. .1852 
 
 Pradon, John Nicholas. French Poet 1632. . 1698 
 
 Pradt, Dominique Dufour. Abbe. Political Writer . . . 1759. .1837 
 
 Praed, Winthrop Mackworth. Poet 1802 . . I839 
 
 Pram, Christian Henriksen. Danish Writer 1756. . 1821 
 
 Pratt, Charles, First Earl Camden. Lord Chancellor ... 1713. .1794 
 
 Pratt, Sir Charles. Lieutenant-General 1771 . . 1839 
 
 Pratt, Rev. Josiah. Divine — . .1844 
 
 Pratt, Samuel Jackson. Poet, Novelist, and Misc. Writer 1749. . 1814 
 
 Praxiteles. Greek Statuary fl. b.c. 364 
 
 Preble, Edward. American Naval Officer 1761 . . 1807 
 
 Preis, Joachim Frederick. Swedish Ambassador 1660. .1759 
 
 Premontval, Andrew Peter le Guay de. (Monogamia) . . 1716. .1764 
 
 Prentiss, Seargent Smith. American Orator 1808. . 1850 
 
 Prescott, Oliver. American Patriot 1731.- 1804 
 
 Prescott, William, ll. d. American Lawyer 1762. . 1844 
 
 Prescott, William Hickling, son. Hist. Life by Ticknor 1796. . 1859 ' 
 Preston, John, D. D. Puritan Writer. (New Covenant) is^S?. .162S 
 
 Preston, Thomas, d. c. l. Dramatic Writer i537- -^59^ 
 
 Preston, William Campbell. Amer. Statesman & Orator 1794. . i860 
 
 Preti, Jerome. Tuscan Poet 1582. . 1626 
 
 Pr6ville, Peter Louis Dubus de. French Actor .... 1721 . . 1799 
 
 Prevost, Isaac Benedict. Swiss Naturalist i755 • • 1819 
 
 Prevost, Peter. French Painter of Panoramas 1 764 . . 1823 
 
 Pr6vost-d'Exiles, Anthony Francis. French Writer . . 1697. .1763 
 
 Price, David. Major. Historian and Orientahst 1762 . . 1835 
 
 Price, James, M. d., f. k.s. Last of the Alchemists 1758. .1783 
 
 Price, Sir John. Antiquary. {Defence of British History) — ..i553^ 
 Price, or Pricaeus, John. English Critic and Biblical 
 
 Writer, settled at Florence 1600. . 1676 
 
 Price, Peter Charles. Surgeon and Medical Writer 1832?. 1864 
 
 Price, Richard, d. d. Political Writer. Life by W. Mor- 
 gan, 1815 .-v 1723-. 1791 
 
 Price, Rev. Thomas. Welsh Scholar. Life by Jane Wil- 
 liams, 1854 1787 . • 1848 
 
 Price, Sir Uvedale. Writer on Art. (Essay on the Pictur- 
 esque) I 747 •• 1829 
 
 Prichard, James Cowles, m. d. Ethnologist 1 785 . . 1 848 
 
 Prichard, Rev. Rees. Welsh Poet i574- • 1644 
 
 Prideaux, Humphrey. Dean of Norwich. ( Connection) 1648, .1724 
 Prideaux, John. Prof, at Oxford. Bishop of Worcester 1578 . . 1650 
 
I 
 
 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 331 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Priessnitz, Vincent. Hydropathic Physician 1799. . 185 1 
 
 Priestley, Dr. Joseph. Unitarian Wri ter and Natural Phi- 
 
 losoper. Life by self and son, 1806-7 ; Rutt, 1831 i733- • 1804 
 
 Primaticcio, Francis. Italian Artist 1490 . . 1570 
 
 Prime, John. Puritan Divine — . .1596 
 
 Primrose, Gilbert, d. d. Scottish Divine. {Jacob's Vow) — . .1642 
 Primrose, James, m. d,, son. Medical Writer; Oppo- 
 nent of Harvey — . . 1660? 
 
 Prince, Rev. John. Antiquary. ( PFor^Hes q/*Z)evo/i). . 1643. .1720? 
 
 Prince, Rev. Thomas. American Historian 1687 . . 1 758 
 
 Prince de Beaumont, Mme. le. Writer for the Young — . .1780 
 Pringle, Sir John, m. d. President of the Royal Society. 
 
 Natural Philosopher. Life by Dr. Kippis". 1707. .1782 
 
 Pringle, Thomas. Poetical and Miscellaneous Writer. 
 
 {African Sketches.) Life by Ritchie 1789. . 1834 
 
 Prinsep, Charles Robert, ll. t>. Political Economist ... 1788?. 1864 
 Prinsep, James. Orientalisl. {Sketches of Benares) . . . 1800. .1840 
 Prinsep, John. Alderman of London. Writer on Trade 
 
 and Finance 1747?. 1831 
 
 Printz, Wolfgang Gaspar. German Musical Writer 1641 , . — 
 
 Priolo, or Prioli, Benjamin. French Historical Writer. . 1602. .1667 
 
 Prior, Matthew. Poet 1664. .1721 
 
 Priscian. Latin Grammarian. {De Arte Grammaiica) fl. 525? 
 
 Priscillian. Spanish Heretic — . . 385 
 
 Pritz, or Pritius, John George. Lutheran Divine 1662. -1732 
 
 Probus, Marcus Aurelius. Roman Emperor (276-82). . . 232. . 282 
 
 Procaccini, Camillus. Italian Painter 1546. • 1626 
 
 Procaccini, Charles Anthony, brother. Landsc. Painter fl. 1605 
 
 Procaccini, Hercules. The'£lder. Painter 1520.aft.1590 
 
 Procaccini, Hercules, grandson. The Younger. Flower 
 
 Painter 1596. .1676 
 
 Procaccini, Julius Caesar. Painter 1 548 . . 1626 
 
 Procida, John of. Sicilian Patriot 1225?. 1303 
 
 Proclus. Neoplatonic Philosopher 412 . . 485 
 
 Procope Couteau. French Physician and Comic Writer 1684. . 1753 
 
 Procopius. Byzantine Historian 500^.565 
 
 Procopius, of Gaza. Biblical Commentator fl. 560? 
 
 Procopius, Anthemius. Roman Emperor — . . 472 
 
 Procopius Basa. Hussite Leader — . . 1434 
 
 Procter, Miss Adelaide Anne. Poetess — . . 1864 
 
 Prodicus. Grecian Sophist fl. 5thc. B.C. 
 
 Prokopliiev, Ivan Prokophievitch. Russian Artist 1758. . 1828 
 
 Prony, Gaspar Clair Francis Mary Riche de. French 
 
 Mathematician i755- -1839 
 
 Propertius. Roman Poet 51 ?.aft.i6 B.C. 
 
 Prosper, of Aquitaine. Christian Writer 403.aft.463 
 
 Protagoras. Greek Sophist 48o''.4II''b.c. 
 
 Protogenes. Painter of Rhodes. Life by Carlo Dati. . — B.c.300? 
 
 Proudhon, John Baptist Victor. French Jurist 1758. . 1838 
 
 Proudhon, Peter Joseph. French Socialist Writer 1809. .1865 
 
 Prout, Samuel. Painter in Water Colors ^7^3- • 1852 
 
 Prout, William, m. d. Medical Writer 1786. .1850 
 
 Prouven9ale de Saint-Hnajre, Augusta. French Bot- 
 anist. {Fhra Brasilice) i779- • 1853 
 
332 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIBD. 
 
 Provenzale, Marcello da Cento. Painter in Mosaic i575 • • 1639 
 
 Provoost, Samuel, d. d. American Divine 1742. .1815 
 
 Proyart, Lievain Bonaventure. French Historical Writer 1 743'^ . 1808 
 Prudentius, Aurelius Clemens. Christian Latin Poet . . 348.aft.404 
 Prudhomme, Louis Mary. Writer on Fr. Revolutions 1752.. 1830 
 
 Prud'hon, Peter Paul. French Painter 1758 . . 1823 
 
 Prynne, William. Lawyer and Writer. {Hisiriomastix) 1600. .i6gg 
 Przipcovius, Samuel. Polish Knight. Socinian Writer I592^ 1670 
 Psalmanazer, George. Literary Impostor. {Histoi'y of 
 
 Formosa.) Life by self ." .' , . 1679?. 1763? 
 
 Psammetichus. Egyptian King — b.c. 609 or 10 
 
 Psellus, Michael. Greek Writer — . . 1078 
 
 Ptolemy I. Hater. King of Egyyt(B. c. 323 or 306-285) 367. 282 B.C. 
 Ptolemy II. Philadelplms. (b. c. 285-247.) Founder 
 
 of Museum and Library of Alexandria 309 . 247 B.C. 
 
 Ptolemy III. Euergetes. (b. c. 247-222) — B.c.222 
 
 Ptolemy IV. Philopator. (b. c. 222-205) — B.c.205 
 
 Ptolem.y V. Epiphanes. (b. c. 205-181) 210. 181 B.C. 
 
 Ptolemy VI. Fhibmeter. (b. c. 181-146, with interrup- 
 tions) — B.C.146 
 
 Ptolemy VII. Euergetes II., or Physcon. (b. c. 146-117, 
 
 with interruptions) — B.C. 117 
 
 Ptolemy VIII. Soter IL, or Lathyrus. (b. c. 117-81, 
 
 with interruptions) — B.C. 81 
 
 Ptolemy IX. Neos, Dionysus, or Auletes. (B. c. 80-51) — B.C. 51 
 Ptolemy, Claudius. Mathem., Astronomer, Geographer fl. 139-161 
 
 Publicola, Publius Valerius. Consul (b. c. 509) — B.c.503 
 
 Publius Syrus. Latin Comic Poet fl. b.c. 42 
 
 Puchta, Wolfgang Henry. German Jurist 1769. . 1845 
 
 Pudsey, Hugh. Bishop of Durham (1153-95) ii25?.ii95 
 
 Pufendorf, Isaiah. {Anecdotes of Sweden) 1628. . 1689 
 
 Pufendorf, Samuel, Baron von. br. Civilian and Hist. 1632. .1694 
 Pugatcheff, Yemelyan. Cossack Chieftain and Pretender 
 
 to Russian Throne 1726. .1775 
 
 Puget, Peter. French Sculptor, Painter, Architect 1622. .1694 
 
 Pughe, Dr. William Owen. Welsh Lexicog. and Writer 1759. . 1835 
 Pugin, Augustus. French Architectural Draughtsman . . 1769. . 1832 
 Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore, son. Architect. 
 
 Life by Ferrey 1811 . . 1852 
 
 Puisaye, Joseph, Count. French Royalist 1754''. 1827 
 
 Pujol. Abel de. French Painter 1785 . . 1861 
 
 Pxilaskl, Casimir, Count. Polish Patriot. General iji 
 
 American Revolutionary War i747- -1779 
 
 Pulcheria, sister of Theodosius II., daughter of Arcadius 399. . 453 
 
 Puici, Louis. Italian Poet. (Morgante Maggiore) 1432. . 1487? 
 
 Pulgar, Ferdinand del. Spanish Historian 1436. . i486? 
 
 Puligo, or Puglio, Dominic, of Florence. Painter 1475 . . 1527 
 
 Piillus, or Pullen, Robert. Cardinal; Promoter of Learn. — ..11 50 
 
 Piilmann, or Poelmann, Theodore. Philologist 1510-'. 1580? 
 
 Pulteney, Richard. Phys. and Botanist. Life by Maton 1 730 . . 180 1 
 
 Pvdteney, William, Earl of Bath. Statesman . ." 1682. ,1764 
 
 Ptdtock, Robert. Author. {Peter Wilkins) fl. i8th c. 
 
 Purbach, or Peurbach, George. Ger. Mathem. & Astron. 1423. . 1461 
 Purcell, Heniy. Musical Composer 1658 . . 1695 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 333 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 PuTcell, Thomas. Musical Composer ;••:•• — • • ^^^^ 
 
 Purclias, Rev. Samuel. Collector of Voyages. {Pilgrim- 
 
 age; Pilgrims) i577- .1628* 
 
 Pursh, Frederick. American Botanist i774- • 1820 
 
 Ptirver, Anthony. Scholar and Biblical Translator 1702?. 1777 
 
 Pusey, Philip, m. p. Agriculturist i799- • 1855 
 
 Pushkin, Alexander Sergeivitch. Russian Poet and Prose 
 
 Writer i799- • ^^37 
 
 Putnam, Israel. American Revolutionary General 17 18. .1790 
 
 Putnam, Rufus. Pioneer Settler of Ohio 1738. . 1824 
 
 Putschius, Elias. Dutch Grammarian 1580. . 1606 
 
 Putten, Henry van der. ^Puteanus or Dupuy. Scholar.. 15 74.. 1646 
 
 Puttenham, George. Poet and Critic fl. 1589 
 
 Puy, Mademoiselle du. Harpist — . .1777 
 
 Puy, Louis du. French Scholar 1709- -1795 
 
 Puy, Peter du. Hist, and Antiq. L. by Nicholas Rigault 1582 . . 1651 
 Puysegur, James de Chastenet, Lord of. General. {Me- 
 
 vioirs) 1600 . . 1682 
 
 Puysegur, James Francis, son. Marshal of France. 
 
 {Military Art) 1655 .. 1743 
 
 Pye, Henry James. Poet Laureate 1745 • • ^813 
 
 Pyle, Rev. Thomas. Biblical Commentator 1674. .1756 
 
 Pym, John. Republican Politician 1584. . 1643 
 
 Pjruaker, Adam. Dutch Landscape Painter 1621 . . 1673 
 
 Pynchon, William. Founder of Springfield, New Eng- 
 land. Theological Writer 1591 ?. 1662 
 
 Pyne, William Henry. Artist and Writer 1770- • 1843 
 
 Pynson, or Pinson, Richard. Printer — . .1530? 
 
 Pyrrho. Greek Skeptic Philosopher 375 ?. 285 ? B.C. 
 
 Pyrrhus. King of Epirus .318.272 b.c. 
 
 Pythagoras. Greek Philosopher. Life by Jamblicus; 
 
 Dacier, 1706 fl. 540-510 B.C. 
 
 Pytheas. Greek Navigator and Discoverer, of Mar- 
 seilles ti. Alex. Great 
 
334 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 Q. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Quade, Michael Frederick. German Scholar 1682. .1757 
 
 Quadratus. Christian Apologist ti. Hadrian 
 
 Quadrio, Francis Xavier. Ital. Critic. {History of Poetry) 1695.. 1756 
 
 Quaglio, Angelo. Scene Painter 1778-'. 1815 
 
 Quaglio, Dominic. Architectural Painter 1786. .1837 
 
 Quaglio, Joseph. Scene Painter and Decorator i747- .1828 
 
 Quaglio, Julius. Scene Painter at Munich — ..1800 
 
 Quaglio, Lorenzo. Italian Architect in Germany i73Q- • 1804 
 
 Quain, Jones, m. d. Anatomist .' — . . 1865 
 
 Quaini, Francis. Italian Architectural Painter 161 1 . . 1680 
 
 Quaini, Louis, son. Historical Painter 1643. .1717 
 
 Quanz, John Joachim. Musical Composer and Flutist . . 1697.. 1773 
 
 Quarenghi, James. Cavaliere. Italian Architect i744- • 181 7 
 
 Quarles, Francis. Poet. {Emblems) 1592. . 1644 
 
 Quarles, John, son. Poet. Loyalist 1624. . 1665 
 
 Quatremere, Stephen Mark. French Orientalist 1782. .1857 
 
 Quatremere de Quincy, Anthony Chrysostom. Ar- 
 chaeologist 1755 . . 1849 
 
 Quattromani, Sertorius. Italian Writer 1541 . . 161 1 
 
 Queensberry, William Douglas, Fourth Duke of. 1724^1810 
 
 Quekett, John. Microscopist 1815 . . 1861 
 
 Quellinus, or Quellyn, Erasmus. Dutch Painter 1607. .1678 
 
 Quellinus, John Erasmus, son. Painter 1629. .1715 
 
 Quenstedt, John Andrew. Lutheran Divine. ( Sculptura 
 
 Veterum) 161 1. .1688 
 
 Quental, Bartholomew du. Portuguese Religious Writer 1626. . 1698 
 
 Quer y Martinez, Joseph. Spanish Botanist 1695 . . 1 764 
 
 Qu6rard, Joseph Mary. French Bibliographer 1795 • -1865 
 
 Querenghi, Anthony. Italian Poet 1546. . 1633 
 
 Querini, Angelo Mary. Italian Cardinal. Historian. . . 1680. .1755 
 Querlon, Anne Gabriel Meusnier de. Journalist & Writer 1 702 . . 1 780 
 
 Querno, Camillus. Italian Poet. {Alexiada) 1470.. 1528 
 
 Querouaille, Louisa de, Duchess of Portsmouth 1652?. 1734 
 
 Quesnay, Francis. French Physician 1694 ■ • 1 774 
 
 Quesne, Abraham du. French Admiral 1610. . 1688 
 
 Quesne, Henry du, son. Naval Officer and Writer at 
 
 Geneva 1652. . 1722 
 
 Quesnel, Pasquier. French Jansenist Divine. {Moral 
 
 Reflections) 1634. .1719 
 
 Quesnel, Peter. {Histoiy of the Jesuits) 1699. .1774 
 
 Quesnoy, Francis du. Flemish Sculptor 1594 . . 1646 
 
 Quesnoy, Jerome, brother. Sculptor. Burnt 1612. . 1654 
 
 Quetif, James. French Dominican. Writer 1618. . 1698 
 
 Quevedo yVUlegas, Francis Gomez de. Span. Writer 1580. .1645 
 
 Quick, John. Comic Actor 1748. • 1831 
 
 Quien, Michael le. French Scholar and Orientalist 1661 . .1733 
 
 Quien de la Noufville, James le. Historian 1647 . .1728 
 
 Quignonez, Francis de. Spanish Cardinal — . .1539 
 
 Quillett, Claude, of Chinon. Calvidtis Lcetus. Latin Poet. 
 
 ( Callipcedia) 1602. . 1661 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 335 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Quin, Edward. Actor and Dramatist — . . 1823 
 
 Quin, James. Actor. Life, 8vo, 1766 1693 . .1766 
 
 Quinault, Jane Frances. La Cadette. Fr. Comic Actress 1700?. 1783 
 
 Quinault, Philip. French Dramatic Poet 1635 . .1688 
 
 Quinault Dufresne, Abraham Alexis. Fr. Comedian 1693.. 1 741 
 
 Quincey, Thomas de. See De Quincey 1785 . .1859 
 
 Quincy, John, m. d. Medical Writer. {Lexicon Physico- 
 
 Medicum) — . . 1 723 
 
 Quincy, Josiah, Jr. American Lawyer, Orator, and Po- 
 litical Writer i744- ■ ^77S 
 
 Quincy, Josiah, son, American Statesman 1772. .1864 
 
 Quincy, Quatremdre de. See Quatremere de Quincy. . . 1755 . . 1849 
 
 Quinette, Nicholas Mary. French Politician 1762 . . 1821 
 
 Quintana, Manuel Joseph. Spanish Poet and Patriot . . 1772. .1857 
 QuintUian. Roman Rhetorician. Life by Burmann. . . 42.. 118? 
 
 Quintinie, John de la. French Horticulturist 1626. .1688 
 
 Quintus Curtlus. Historian fl. ti. Vespasian? 
 
 Quirini, or Querini, Angelo Mary. Cardinal. Historian 1680. .1755 
 Quiroga, Joseph. Spanish Jesuit. Missionaryin America 1707. .1784 
 Quiros, or Queiros, Peter Fernandez de. Span. Navigator 1560 . . 1614 
 Quistorp, John. Lutheran Divine. Biblical Commentator 1584. .1648 
 
 Quita, Domingos dos Reis. Portuguese Poet 1728, .1770 
 
 Quitman, John Anthony. Amer. Politician and Soldier 1799. .1858 
 
336 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 R. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Raban Maur. Magnentius. Archbp. of Mentz. "Writer 786?. 856 
 
 Rabaut de St. Etienne, John Paul. Politician i743- -1793 
 
 Rabel, John. French Portrait Painter 1545?. 1603 
 
 Rabelais, Francis. French Satirist. ( Garc/antua) 1495 . .1553'' 
 
 Rabener, Theophilus William. German Writer 1714- -1771 
 
 Rabuel, Claude. French Jesuit. Mathematician 1669.. 1728 
 
 Rabutin, Francis de. French Historical Writer — aft. 1582 
 
 Rabutin, Roger de, Ct. de Bussy. Fr. Wit and Satirist 1618. .1693 
 
 Racan, Honorat de Bueil, Marquis de. French Poet 1589. .1670 
 
 Raccbetti, Bernard. Italian Painter 1639. . 1702 
 
 Rachel, or Eliza Rachel Felix. French Actress 1820. . 1858 
 
 Racine, Bonaventure. Ecclesiastical Historian 1708. -1755 
 
 Racine, John. Fr. Dramatic Poet. Life by Louis Racine 1639. . 1699 
 Racine, Louis. Poetical Writer. {Lifeoj John Racine) 1&92. .lyS^ 
 
 Rack, Edmund. Poet i735- -"^7^7 
 
 Racle, Leonard. French Architect 1736. .1791 
 
 Raczynski, Edward. Polish Nobleman. Writer 1786.. 1845 
 
 Radcliffe, Alexander. Burlesque Poet — . .1700? 
 
 Radcliffe, Ann, Mrs. Novelist. (Mysteries of UdoJpho) 1764. .182^ 
 Radcliffe, Charles. Adherent of Pretender. Beheaded. 
 
 Life by Sydney Gibson 1693. .1746 
 
 Radcliffe, James, brother, Third Earl of Derwentwater. 
 Adherent of Pretender. Beheaded. Life by Sydney 
 
 Gibson 1689. .1716 
 
 Radcliffe, John, m. d. Founder of Library at Oxford . . 1650. .1714 
 
 Radegonde, St. Consort of Clotaire 1 519'. 587 
 
 Rademaker, Abraham. Dutch Landscape Painter 1675. .1735 
 
 Rademaker, Gerard. Dutch Architectural Painter 1673.. 1 711 
 
 Radetzky, Joseph Wenzel. Austrian General 1766. . 1858 
 
 Radowitz, Joseph von. Statesman i797- -1853 
 
 Radziwill, Nicholas. Palatine of Wilna. Polish Protestant 1500?. 1567 
 
 Raeburn, Sir Henry. Portrait Painter. ^'^'k^' • ^°^3 
 
 Raffaelle da Urbino. See Raphael da Urbino 1483. .1520 
 
 Raffenel, Claude Denis. French Writer 1797. . 1827 
 
 Raffles, Thomas, D. D.,LL,.D., of Liverpool. Dissenting 
 
 Divine. Life by Baldwin Brown, 1863 1788. . 1863 
 
 Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford. Statesman and Naturalist 1781 . .1826 
 Rafln, Catharine Josephine. Duchesnois. French Actress 1777.. 1835 
 
 Rafinesque, S. C S. American Botanist 1784. . 1842 
 
 Raghib Pasha, Mohammed. Turkish Vizier 1702. . 1768 
 
 Raglan, Fitzroy Somerset, Lord. General in the Crimea 1788. .1855 
 Ragland, Thos. Cajetan. Missionary. L. by T. Pcrowne 1815. .1858 
 Ragotski, Francis. Prince of Trans34vania. Patriot. . . 1676. .1735 
 
 Raguenet, Francis. French Writer 1 660 '^ 1722 
 
 Raguet, Condy. Amer. Merchant and Polit. Economist. 1784. .1842 
 Ragusa, Augustus Frederick de Marmot, Duke of. Mar- 
 shal of France i774- • 1852 
 
 Rahbek, Knud Lyne. Danish Writer 1760. .1830 
 
 Raikes, Robt., of Gloucester. Founder of Sunday Schools 1735. .1811 
 Raimbach, Abraham. Engraver. Life by self and son 1776. .1843 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 337 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Baimondi, John Baptist. Orientalist 1540?. 1610? 
 
 Raimondi, Mark Anthony. Engraver 1475?. 1534? 
 
 Rainaldi, or Rinakli, Oderic. Continuator of Baronius. . 1595 . . 1671 
 Rainaud, Theophilus. Jesuit. Scholar and Writer. . . . 1583. .1663 
 
 Raine, James, d. C. l. {History of North Durham) 1791 . .1858 
 
 Rainolds, John. Puritan Divine i549- • 1607 
 
 Rainolds, William, brother. Roman Catholic Writer . . — ••1594 
 Rainsford, or Raynsford, Sir Richard. Ld. Chief Justice 1604'' . 1679 
 
 Rakoczy. See Ragotski 1676. .1735 
 
 Rale, or Rasles, Sebastian. French Missionary to North 
 
 American Indians 1658. .1724 
 
 Raleigli, or Ralegh, Sir Walter. Life bv Whitehead ; 
 Oldvs; Birch; A. Cavlev, 1805 ; Mrs. A^ T. Thomson, 
 
 1830; P. F. Tytler, 1833; Macvey Napier, 1857 1552. .1618 
 
 Ralpti, James. Polit. and Poet. Writer. {Hist of Eng.) — ..1762 
 Ralph de Turbine. Archbp. of Canterbury (1114-22). — ..1122 
 
 Ramazzini, Bernardin. Italian Physician 1633. .1714 
 
 Raraberg, John Henry. Draughtsman and Engraver. . 1763. .1840 
 
 Rameau, John Philip. Musical Composer 1683. . 1764 
 
 Ramelli, Augustin. Italian Mechanician and Engineer. , i53i''.i59o 
 
 Raraelli, Felix. Italian Painter 1666. .1740 
 
 Ramenghi, Bartholomew. // Bagnacavallo. Painter . . 1484. .1542 
 
 Ramiro I. King of Asturias. — . . 850 
 
 Ramiro II. King of Asturias — . . 950 
 
 Ramler, Charles Wm. German Poet and Misc. Writer. 1725.. 1798 
 
 Ramnioliuii Roy. Hindoo Writer and Reformer i774- • 1833 
 
 Ramond de Carbonnieres, Louis Francis Elizabeth, 
 
 Baron. Geologist i755- -1827 
 
 Ramorino, Jerome. Military Adventurer 1792. . 1849 
 
 Ramsay, Sir Alexander. Scottish Knight — . . 1342 
 
 Ramsay, Allan. Poet. {Gentle Shepherd; Evergreen). 1685.. 1758 
 
 Rarasay, Allan, son. Portrait Painter 1713 . .1784 
 
 Ramsay, Andrew Michael. Chevalier. Writer 1686. . 1743 
 
 Ramsay, David. American Physician and Historian. . . 1749. .1815 
 
 Ramsay, Rev. James. Philanthropist i733- -1789 
 
 Ramsay, William. Professor. Classical Scholar 1806''. 1865 
 
 Ramsden, Jesse. Optician 1735 . . 1800 
 
 Ramus, or La Ramde, Peter. Fr. Philosopher & Scholar 1515. .1572 
 Ramusio, or Rannusio, John Bapt. Collector of Voyages 1485 . . 1557 
 
 Ranc, John. French Painter in Spain ' 1674. -1735 
 
 Ranc6, Armand John le Bouthillier de. Monk of La 
 Trappe. Life bv Maupeau, MarsoUier, and Lenain de 
 
 Tillemont; Chateaubriand, 1844; C Butler, 1814 1626. .1700 
 
 Randal, Dr. John. Musical Composer , 1715 . . 1799 
 
 Randolph., John. Bishop of London i749- -1813 
 
 Randolph, John, of Roanoke. American Statesman i773- -1833 
 
 Randolph, Peyton. American Patriot 1723, . 1775 
 
 Randolph, Sir Thomas. Diplomatist ,. .. . 1523 . . 1590 
 
 Randolph, Thomas. Poet 1605 . . 1634 
 
 Randolph, Thomas, Archdeacon 1701 . .1783 
 
 Rannequin, of Lifege. Hydraulic Engineer 1644. .1708 
 
 Ransom, Thomas Edward "Greenfield. American General 1834 . . 1864 
 
 Ransome, James. Agricultural Machinist 1783. . 1849 
 
 Rantoul, Robert. American Statesman 1805 . . 1852 
 
 22 
 
338 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bantzau, John. Danish General and Militaiy Writer . . 1492. . 1565 
 Rantzau, Josiah, Count de. Marshal of France and 
 
 Protestant Reformer in Denmark 1609 . . 1650 
 
 Ranzani, Camillo. Italian Naturalist 1775 . . 1841 
 
 Raoul-Roehette, Desire. French Archaeologist 17^9 • • 1854 
 
 Raoux, John. French Historical Painter 1677. .1734 
 
 Raphael, of Volterra. Majfei. Antiquary 145 1 • .1522 
 
 Raphael da Rhegio. Raffaelino. Hist, and Portr. Paint. 1552. .1580 
 Raphael da Urbino. Painter. Life by Duppa ; Quatre- 
 
 mere de Quincy, tr. by Hazlitt; J. S. Harford .... 1483. .1520 
 Raphelengius, orRapheling, Francis. Critic and Orient. 1539. .1597 
 Raphelius, George. {Annotaiiones in Sacr. Script. 1747) . — .. — 
 Rapicio, Grovita. Italian Writer. {De Numero Oratorio) 1480?. 1553 
 
 Rapin, Nicholas. French Poet 1540'' • 1609 
 
 Rapin, Rene. French Jesuit. Latin Poet. {Horim-um) 1621. .16S7 
 
 Rapin-Thoyras, Paul de. (History of England) 1661 . .1725 
 
 Rapp, George. Founder of the Sect of the Harmonists.. 1770. .1847 
 
 Rapp, John, Count de. French General 1772. . 182J 
 
 Rasario, John Baptist. Italian Medical Writer 1517..1578 
 
 Rasis, or An*azi. Arabian Historian of Spain 87o'''.bef.96i 
 
 Rask, Rasmus Christian. Danish Philol. and Orientalist 1787. .1832 
 
 Rasles, or Rale, Sebastian. See Rale 1658 . .1724 
 
 Rasori, John. Italian Physician 1767 . . 1837 
 
 Rastall, John. Printer and Author — . . 1536 
 
 Rastall, William, son. Printer and Judge 1508. . 1565 
 
 RatcliflFe, James and Charles. Jacobites. See RadclifFe. 
 
 Ratcliflfe, Thomas. Earl of Sussex — . . 1583 
 
 Rater, Anthony, of Lyons. Architect 1729. . 1794 
 
 Ratherius. Bishop of Verona. Writer — . . 974 
 
 Ratramnus, Bertramus, or Bertram. Presbyter. {De 
 
 Corpore et Sanguine Domini) — afit.868 
 
 Ratte, Stephen Hyacinth de. French Astronomer 1722. .1805 
 
 Ra\>, or Ravius, Christian. German Orientalist 1613. . 1677 
 
 Rauch, Christian Daniel. German Sculptor i777- • 1857 
 
 Rauch, Fred. Augustus, d. d. Ger. Philos. and Divine 1806. .1841 
 
 Raulin, John. French Preacher 1443 . .1514 
 
 Raulin, Joseph. French Physician 1708. .1784 
 
 Raupach, Ernest Benjamin Solomon. Ger. Dramatist.. 1784. .1852 
 
 Rauwolf, Leonard. Botanical Traveler — . . 1596 
 
 Ravaillac, Francis. Murderer of Henry IV. of France, 
 
 May 14, 1610 1579.. 1610 
 
 Ravenet, Simon Francis. French Engraver 1706. . 1774 
 
 Ravenscroft, John Stark. American Divine 1772. . 1830 
 
 Ravenscrofb, Thomas. Musician 1592. aft. 1635 
 
 Ravesteyn, Hubert van. Dutch Pa. of Fairs, Markets, &c. 1647. . — 
 
 Ravesteyn, John van. Dutch Portrait Painter 1572. . 1657 
 
 Ravesteyn, Nich. van. Dutch Hist, and Portr. Painter 1661. .1750 
 Ravignan, Gustavus Francis Xavier Delacroix de. French 
 
 Jesuit Preacher 1795 . .1858 
 
 Ravius, Rave, or Rau, Christian. German Orientalist . . 1613. .1677 
 Rawdon, Marmaduke. Mercht. L. ed. by R. Davies, 1863 1610. . 1669 
 
 Rawle, William. American Jurist 1759- • 1836 
 
 Rawlet, John, of Newcastle. Divine. { Chi'isfian Monitor) 16^2 . .16S6 
 Bawley, William, d. d. Editor and Biographer of Bacon 1588. , 1667 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 339 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bawlinson, Christopher. Saxonist "^(^n • 
 
 Bawlinson, Richard, ll. d. (English Topographer) — . 
 
 Kawlinson, Sir Thomas. Lord Mayor of London 1647. 
 
 Rawlinson, Thomas. Tom Folio. Bibliomaniac 1681 . 
 
 Rawson, Sir William Adams. Oculist — . . 
 
 Rawwolf, or Rauwolf, Leonard. Botanical Traveler. ... — . 
 
 Ray, or Wray, Rev. John. Naturalist. Life by Derham 1628. 
 
 Rajrmond VI. Count of Toulouse 1156. 
 
 Raymond VII., son. Last Count of Toulouse ii97- 
 
 Raymond, Robert, Lord. Lord Chief Justice. {Reports) — . 
 
 Raym.ond de Lully. Chemist and Trav. [Ars Magna) izt,^. 
 
 Raymond de Pegnafort, St. Spanish Dominican. 
 
 {Decretals) ii75- 
 
 Raynal, Wm. Thomas Francis. Abbd. Hist, and Philos. 171 1 . 
 
 Rajnaard, Theophilus, of Lyons. Jesuit. {Historical Tables) i^S^. 
 
 Raynerius, of Pisa. Theologian. {Pantheologia) — . 
 
 Raynolds, or Rainolds, John. Puritan Divine i549- 
 
 Raynouard, Francis Juste Mary. Miscellaneous Writer 1761 . , 
 
 Raynsfordj Sir Richard. Lord Chief Justice 1604?. 
 
 Razzi, John Anthony. // Sodoma. Painter i479- • 
 
 Re, Philip. Italian Agriculturist 1763. . : 
 
 Reach., Angus Bethune. Journalist and Author 1821 . . : 
 
 Read, Alexander, m. d. Scottish Med. and Anat. Writer — . . 
 
 Read, George. American Patriot i734- • 
 
 Read, Nathan. American Inventor i759- • ^ 
 
 R6al, Caesar Vichard de Saint. See Saint-R^al 1639. 
 
 R^al, Gaspard de. Fr. Publicist. {Science of Government) 1682. .] 
 
 R6aumur, Ren4 Anthony Ferchault de. French Natural 
 
 Philosopher. Life by Cuvier 1683 . . 
 
 Rebolledo, Bemardin, Count de. Spanish Soldier, Di- 
 plomatist, and Author i597- • 
 
 Reboul, of Nimes. Baker and Poet 1796'. 
 
 Rebovdet, Simon. French Historical Writer 1687. . 
 
 R6camier, Mme. Jane Frances Julia Adelaide, of Paris. 1777. . 
 
 Recke, Eliz. Charlotte Constantia von der. Ger. Authoress 1754. . 
 
 Recorde, Robert. Mathematician. {Whetstone of Witte) i^oo"^ . 
 
 Reden, Fred. Wm. Otto Louis, Baron. Ger. Statistician 1804. . 
 
 Redesdale, John Freeman Mitford, Baron. Lord Chanc. 1748. . 
 
 Redfleld, William C. Amer. Meteorologist and Geologist 1789. . 
 
 Redi, Francis. Ital. Nat. Philosopher, Poet, and Scholar 1626. , 
 
 Redi, Thomas. Florentine Painter 1665 . . 
 
 Reding, Aloys, Baron von. Swiss General i755 • • 
 
 Red Jacket. North American Indian Chief I759''- 
 
 Redmayne, John. Divine 1499 . . 
 
 Redout6, Peter Joseph. French Flower Painter i759- • 
 
 Reed, Andrew, d. d. Philanthropist. L. by A. and C. Reed 1787.. 
 
 Reed, Henry. American Author 1808 . . 
 
 Reed, Isaac. Critic and Miscellaneous Writer 1742. • 
 
 Reed, Joseph. American Officer 1 741 • • 
 
 Reed, Joseph. Dramatic Writer 1723 . . 
 
 Reenberg, Theocarus. Danish Poet 1656. . 
 
 Rees, Abraham, d. d. Dissent. Divine ; Ed. of Cychpcedia 1743. . 
 
 Reeve, Clara. Novelist. ( Old English Baron) 1725''. 
 
 Reeve, John. Comic Actor i799- • 
 
340 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Reeve, Lovell A., f. l. s. Conchologist and Publisher . . 1814. .1865 
 
 Reeve, Tapping. American Jurist i744« • 1823 
 
 Reeves, John. Political Writer 1752. . 1829 
 
 Reeves, Rev. William. Patristic Writer 1668. .1726 
 
 Rega, Henry Joseph, of Louvain. Phys. & Philanthropist 1690. .1754 
 Regino. Abbot of Prum. Eccles. Writer and Chronicler — .. 915 
 
 Regiomontanus. See John Miiller 1436. . 1476 
 
 Regis, John Baptist. Jesuit Missionary in China 1665 . .1737 
 
 Regis, Peter Sylvain. French Cartesian Philosopher . . . 1632. .1707 
 Regius, or Le Roy, Urban. Poet and Protestant Controv. — ••1541 
 Regnard, John Francis. French Poet and Comic Writer 
 
 {Le Joueur) 1647''. 1710 
 
 Regnault, Michael Louis Stephen. French Statesman. . 1760. .1819 
 Regnault, Noel. French Mathematician and Philosopher 1683 . . 1 762 
 
 R6gnier, Claude Ambrose. French Politician 1736. . 1814 
 
 R6gnier, Mathurin. French Poet. {Satires) I573- • 1613 
 
 R6giiier-Desmaxais, Francis Seraphin. French Poet. . 1632. .1713 
 
 Regulus, Marcus Atilius. Consul — B.c.250 
 
 Rehoboam, son of Solomon. K. of Israel (b. c. 990-973) 1031 .973 b.c. 
 Reicha, Anthony Joseph. Musical Writer and Composer 1770. . 1836 
 Reichard, Henry Augustus Ottocar. ( Traveler's Guide 
 
 in Europe) 1751 • • 1828 
 
 Reichardt, John Frederick. Musical Composer & Writer 1752. .1814 
 
 Reichenbacli, George of. Mechanician ^77^- ■ 1826 
 
 Reichstadt, Due de. Napoleon II. See Bonaparte 181 1 . .1832 
 
 Reid, David Boswell, m, d. Scot. Phys. & Writ, on Chem. 1805 . . 1864 
 
 Reid, Samuel Chester. American Naval Officer ^7^3- .1861 
 
 Reid, Thomas. Metaphysician. Life by Dugald Stewart ; 
 
 Sir W. Hamilton 1710. .1796 
 
 Reid, Sir William. Major-General. {Law of Storms) ... 1791 . . 1858 
 Reigny, Louis Abel BefFroi. Cousin Jacques. Fr. Writer ^757.. 1810 
 
 ReiMng, James. Lutheran Controversial Divine 1580?. 1628 
 
 Reimarus, Herman Samuel. Class, and Hebrew Scholar 1694. .1768 
 Reimarus, John Albert Henry, son. Phys. and Philos. 1729. .1814 
 Reinbeck, John Gustavus. Pruss. Divine' and Metaphys. 1683 . . 1 741 
 Reineccius, Reinier. German Historian and Genealogist 1541 . . 1595 
 Reiner, Wenceslaus Lawrence, of Prague. Painter .... 1686''. 1743 
 Reinesius, Thomas. German Physician and Philologist. 
 
 ( Vari(B Lectiones) 1587. . 1667 
 
 Reinhard, Francis Volkmar. German Theologian ^753- -^812 
 
 ReirLhold, Charles Leonard. German Metaphysician. . . 1758. .1823 
 Reinhold, Erasmus. Ger. Astronomer. {Prussian Tables) is,ii. .i^^^ 
 Reiske, Mrs. Ernestine Christine, nee Miiller. Writer. . . 1735 . .1798 
 
 Reiske, John. German Biblical Writer 1641 . . 1701 
 
 Reiske, John Jas. Philologist. L. by self and Mrs. Reiske 1716. . 1774 
 Reiz, or Reitz, Frederick Wolfgang. German Philologist 1733. .1790 
 Reland, Adrian. Orientalist and Writer on Jewish Antiq. 1676 . . 1 718 
 Rembertus. Abp. of Hamburg: Missionary in Denmark — .. 888 
 Rembrandt van Ryn, Paul Gerritz. Dutch Painter. 
 
 Life by J. Burnet, 1848 1606. .1669 
 
 Remi, Jos'eph Honor^. Burlesque Poet and JEloge Writer 1738 . .1782 
 
 Remigio, Florentine, of Florence. Writer 1518?. 1580 
 
 Remigius, or Remi, St. Archbishop of Rheims — . . 533 
 
 Remigius, or Remi, St. Archbishop of Lyons — • • 875 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 841 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Remigius, of Auxerre. Benedictine. Biblical Writer . . — .. 908? 
 Esmond de St. Mard, Toussaint. Fr. Writer and Poet 1682. .1757 
 K6musat, John Peter Abel. Orientalist. Life by Syl- 
 vester de Sacy 1788.. 1832 
 
 Renau d'Elisagaray, Bernard. Naval Architect 1652. .1719 
 
 Renaudot, Eusebius. French Orientalist 1646. . 1 720 
 
 Renaudot, Theophrastus. French Physician and Writer 1584. .1653 
 
 Ren6, Duke of Anjou, titular King of Sicily 1409 . . 1480 
 
 Ren6e, of France, Duchess of Ferrara. Patron of Letters 
 
 - and Religion. Life by I. M, B., London, 1859 1 5 10. . 1575 
 
 Renehan, Laurence F., d. d. President of Maynooth 
 
 College. ( Collection of Records for Irish History) .... 1797?. 1857 
 
 Reni, Guido. See Guido Reni 1574?. 1642 
 
 Rennel, Major James. Geographer 1742. . 1830 
 
 Rennell, Thomas, of Devonshire. Painter and Poet 1718. .1788 
 
 Rennell, Rev. Thomas. Divine 1 787 . . 1824 
 
 Rennell, Thos., d. b. Dean of Winch. Div. and Preacher 1753. . 1840 
 Rennie, John. Architect and Constructive Engineer ... 1761 . . 1821 
 
 Reno, Jesse L. American General 1825 . . 1862 
 
 Renti, Gaston John Baptist, Baron de. Ascetic. Life 
 
 by St. Jure, abridged by John Wesley 1611 . . 1649 
 
 Renwick, Rev. James. Scottish Minister and Martyr . . — . . 1688 
 Repnine, Nicholas Vassilievitch. Russ. Gen. andDiplom. 1734. .1801 
 
 Repton, Humphry. Landscape Gardener 1752. . 1818 
 
 Repton, John Adey, f. s. a. Architect 1775 . . i860 
 
 Reresby, Sir John. Governor of York. {Memoirs). .. . — ..1689 
 Resende, Garcia de. Portuguese Historian and Poet. . . 1478, .1554 
 
 Resende, Lucius. Portuguese Restorer of Letters 1498- -1573 
 
 Resenius, John Paul. Danish Bishop ; Biblical Translator 1561 . . 1638 
 
 Resenius, Peter. Danish Statesman and Scholar 1625 . . 1688 
 
 ResMd Pasha, Mustapha. Ottoman Statesman 1799. . 1858 
 
 Ressius, Rutgar, of Louvain. Critic — . .1545 
 
 Re staut, Peter. {Principes de la Grammaire Frangoise) 1694.. 1764 
 
 Restout, John. French Painter 1692 . . 1 768 
 
 Restout, John Bernard, son. Painter 1732. -1795 
 
 Retz, Gilles de Laval, Baron. Marshal of France 1396?. 1440 
 
 Retz, John Francis Paul de Gondi, Cardinal. {Memoirs). 1614. .1679 
 Retzsch, Frederick Augustus Maurice. German Painter 
 
 and Designer 1779.. 1859 
 
 Reuchlin, John. Kapnio. German Scholar. Life by 
 
 Meiners; Mains; Barham 1455.. 1522 
 
 Reuven, Peter. Dutch Painter 1650. .1718 
 
 Reuvens, John Everard. Dutch Lawyer 1763 . . 1816 
 
 Reveley, Willey . Architect and Antiquary — . . 1 799 
 
 Revelliere-Lepaux, Louis Mary. French Politician. . . 1753.. 1824 
 
 Revere, Paul. American Engraver and Patriot 1735 • • ^^^^ 
 
 Reves, or Revius, James de. Prot. Theologian at Leyden 1586. . 1658 
 
 Rewbell, John Baptist. French Republican 1746. . 1810 
 
 Rey, John. French Physician and Chemist — ..1645? 
 
 Rey, John Baptist. French Musical Composer i734- • 1810 
 
 Rey, William. French Physician 1687 . . 1 756 
 
 Reyher, Samuel. German Mathematician 1635 . . 1714 
 
 Reylof, Oliver. Dutch Latin Poet 1670. .1742 
 
 Reyn, John de. Eheni or Lang Jan. Dutch Painter . . . 1610. . 1678 
 
342 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Reyneau, Charles Ren^. French Mathematician 1656. .1728 
 
 Beyner, Edward. Nonconformist. (Precepts for Chris- 
 tian Practice) — . . 1670? 
 
 Reynier, John Louis Anthony. ( Egypt under the Romans) 1 762 . . 1 824 
 Reyrder, John Louis Ebenezer. Fr. General and Writer 1771 . . 1814 
 
 Reynolds, EdAvard. Bishop of Norwich 1599. -.1676 
 
 Reynolds, or Rainolds, John. Puritan Divine i549- -1607 
 
 Reynolds, John Fulton. American General 1820. . 1863 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua. Painter. Life by Malone; J. 
 North£ote; Farrington, 1819; Cortton and Burnet; C 
 
 R. Leslie, edited by Tom Tajior, 1863 1723. .1792 
 
 Reynolds, Richard, m. d. Historical Writer — . . 1606 
 
 Reynolds, Richard, of Bristol. Ironmaster i735 • • 1816 
 
 Reyrac, Francis Philip Laurence de. French Poet 1734. • 1782 
 
 Reys, Anthony dos. Portuguese Divine, Hist., and Poet 1690. .1738 
 Rezzonico, Anthony Joseph, Ct. Ital. Soldier and Poet 1709. .1785 
 
 Rham, Rev. William Lewis. Agricultural Writer 1778. .1843 
 
 Rhaw, George, of Wittemberg. Musical Publisher 1488. .1548 
 
 Rhazes. Arabian Physician 852?. 923-'' 
 
 Rheed, Henry van. Gov. of Malabar. {Hortus Malabaiicus) — aft. 1696 
 
 Rhegas, Constantine. Greek Patriot 1 753 •'• 1798 
 
 Rheinek, Christopher. German Musical Composer 1748. . 1796 
 
 Rhenanus, Beatus. German Historian 1485 . . 1547 
 
 Rhenferd, James. German Orientalist 1654. .1712 
 
 Rhese, John David, m. d. Welsh Philologist i534- • 1609 
 
 Rheticus, George Joachim. Ger. Astron. (Ephemerides) i$i4. .j$y6 
 
 Rhode, John George, of Breslau. Orientalist — . . 1827 
 
 Rhodes, Alexander de. Jesuit Missionary in India 1591 . . 1660 
 
 Rhodiginus, Ludovicus Coelius. Italian Scholar 1450'. 1525 
 
 Rhodius, Ambrose. Phys. and Math. ( Transmigration) 1577'. 1633 
 
 Rhodius, or Rhode, John. Danish Medical Writer 1587?. 1659 
 
 Rhodomann, Lawrence. German Greek Poet. (Life of 
 
 Luther) 1 546 . . 1606 
 
 Rhunken, David. Critic. Life by Whyttenbach 1723. .1798 
 
 Rhyndacenus. Andrew John Lascaris. Gr. Schol. in Italy 1445?. 1535 
 Rhyne, William Ten. Dutch Physician and Naturalist. . 1640?. — 
 Rhyzelius, Andrew. Swedish Historian and Antiquary 1677. .1761 
 Ribadeneira, Peter, of Toledo. Jesuit; Biographer.... 1527.. 1611 
 
 Ribalta, Francis. Spanish Painter i55i-- 1628 
 
 Ribas, Joseph de. Russian Admiral and Diplomatist . . . 1735 ■ • ^797' 
 Ribault, John. French Navigator and Adventurer in 
 
 Florida. Life by Sparks 1520*^ 1565 
 
 Ribera, Anastasius Pantaleon de. Span. Burlesque Poet 1580. .1629 
 
 Ribera, Joseph. Spagnoletto. Spanish Painter 1588. . 1656 
 
 Ribes, Anne Arnaud de. French Officer of Engineers . . 1731 . . 181 1 
 
 Ribeyro, Bernardin. Portuguese Pastoral Poet fl. i6th c. 
 
 Ricard, Dominic. Fr. Scholar & Poet ; Transl. of Plutarch 1 741 . . 1803 
 Ricardo, David. Merchant and PoUtical Economist. Life 
 
 by J. R. McCulloch, 1846 1772. .1823 
 
 Ricardo, Joseph Lewis. Writer on International LaAv. . . 1812'. 1862 
 Ricaut, or Rycaut, Sir Paul. Traveler and Biographer . . — ..1700 
 Riccati, Vincent. Italian Math, and Hydraulic Engineer 1 707 . . 1 775 
 
 Rdcci, Bartholomew. Italian Latinist. {Apparatus) 1490. .1569 
 
 Ricci, Lorenzo. General of the Jesuits 1703 . . 1775 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 343 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Bicei, Mark. Landscape and Historical Painter — . . 1730 
 
 Bieci, Matthew. Jesuit Missionary in China. Life by 
 
 D'Orieans, 1693 1552. . 1610 
 
 Bicci, Michael Angelo. Cardinal. Mathematician 1619. .1682 
 
 Bicei, Scipio de. Bishop of Pistoia; Tuscan Reformer. 
 
 Life by M. de Potter, translated by Thos. Roscoe, 1825 1741 . . 1810 
 
 Bicci, or Rizzi, Sebastian. Italian Painter 1662. .1734 
 
 Bicciarelli, Daniel. Danieledi Volterra. Painter 1509. .1566 
 
 Eiccio, Dominic, of Verona. II Brusasorchi. Painter. . 1494. .1567 
 Eiccioli, John Baptist. Ital. Astronomer and Geographer 1 598 . . 1671 
 
 Biccoboni, Anthony, of Padua. Philologist 1541 . . 1599 
 
 Biccoboni, Anthony Francis. Actor and Alchemist. . . . 1707. .1772 
 Biccoboni, Louis. Comic Actor. {Hist.of Ital. Theater) iSy^. .17$^ 
 Biccoboni, Mary Jane Laboras de Mezieres. Actress 
 
 and Novelist 1714. .1792 
 
 Bice, Rev. Luther. American Missionary 1783. . 1836 
 
 Bich, Claudius James, of East India Company. Orientalist 1787 . . 1821 
 Bichard I. Duke of Normandy (942-96). SansPeur.. 932.. 996 
 
 Bichardll. (996-1026.) Le Bon — ..1026 
 
 Bichard III. (1026-28) — . .1028 
 
 Bichard I. King of England (1189-99). Life by Bene- 
 dict of Peterborough; G. P. R. James, 1841-43 ii57- -1199 
 
 BichaxdII. (1377-99.) Life by Jacob Abbott, 1858 .. . 1366.. 1400 
 Bichardlll. (1483-85.) L.byHalsted, 1844; Jesse, 1861 1452. .1485 
 
 Bichard, Archbishop of Canterbury (1174-84) — . .1184 
 
 Bichard, Earl of Cornwall, brother of Henry III 1209. .1272 
 
 Bichard, of Cirencester. Historian. Life by Hatchard — 1401 or 2 
 
 Bichard, of Devizes. Historian fl. 1191 
 
 Bichard, of Hexham. Historian. {Battle of the Standard) fl. 1138 
 
 Bichard, Achilles. French Botanist .••;•• ^794- • ^^S^ 
 
 Bichard,Charles Louis. French Benedictine. {Diction- 
 ary of Ecclesiastical Knowledge) 1711 . . 1784 
 
 Bichard, Francis. Richard Lenoir. French Manufacturer 1765 . . 1839 
 Bichard, John. French Theologian. {Moral Dictionary) i6;},g. .lyig 
 
 Bichard, Louis Claude Mary. French Botanist i754- • 1821 
 
 Bichard, Martin. Dutch Painter 1591 . . 1636 
 
 Bichard, Ren^. French Oratorian. Writer 1654. .1727 
 
 Bichard de Bury. Prelate and Statesman 1287. . 1345 
 
 Bichards, William. American Missionary 1792. . 1847 
 
 Bichardson, Charles, ll. d. Philologist. {English Diet.) 1775 • • ^^^5 
 
 Bichardson, Israel B. American General 1819.. 1862 
 
 Bichardson, John. Bishop of Ardagh. { On Ezekiel) . . — ••1654 
 
 Bichardson, Sir John, f. r. s. Naturalist 1787. . 1865 
 
 Bichardson, Jonathan. Painter and Writer on Painting 1665''. 1745 
 Bichardson, Joseph. Poet. ( Criticisms on the Rolliad) — . . 1803 
 Bichardson, Richard. American Revolutionary Soldier 1704. .1780 
 Bichardson, Samuel. Novelist. Life by Mrs. Barbauld, 
 
 1804 1689. . 1761 
 
 Bichardson, Thomas Mills. Artist — . . 1848 
 
 Bichardson, William, d. d. Divine 1698. .1775 
 
 Bichardson, William. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer. . 1743..1814 
 
 Bichelet, Caesar Peter. ( Dictionnaire Frangois) 1631 . . 1698 
 
 Bichelieu, Arraand Emanuel Duplessis, Duke of. Min- 
 ister of Louis XVIII 1776. . 1822 
 
344 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bichelieu, Armand John Duplessis. Cardinal. Prime 
 
 Minister. Life by Aubery, 1660 ; John Le Clerc, 1718 ; 
 
 Joy, 1816 1585 • -1642 
 
 Bichelieu, Louis Francis Armand Duplessis, Duke of. 
 
 Marshal. Life by Faur, 1790 1696. .1788 
 
 Kicher. French Chronicler. {Hlstoriarum Libri IV.) . . 950^.1010'' 
 Richer, Edmund. Fr. Theol. (i)e Aucioi'itate Ecdesim) 1559. .1631 
 Richer, Edward. French Author. L. by Emile Souvestre 1792 . . 1834 
 
 Richer, Henry. French Poet 1685 . .1748 
 
 Richer, John. Fr. Astronomer and Natural Philosopher — . . 1696 
 Richer d'Aube, Francis. Fr.Writ. {Principles of Right) 1686.. 1752 
 Richer du Bouchet, Claude. French Mathematician 
 
 and Egyptologist. .'. 1680. .1756 
 
 Richraond, Rev. Legh. {Annals of the Poor.) Life by 
 
 Grimshawe; Wickens; Bedell i772- .1827 
 
 Richter, John Paul Frederick. Jean Paul. Novelist. Life 
 
 by Eliza B. Lee, 1842 ; E. Forster, 1863 1763 .. 1825 
 
 Richter, Otto Frederick von. Russian Traveler 1792. . 1816 
 
 Ricimer, Count and Patrician of the West — . . 472 
 
 Rickman, George William. Russian Electrician; killed 
 
 by lightning 1711 . .1753 
 
 Rickman, John, f. r. s. Statistical Writer 1771 • • 1840 
 
 Rickman, Thomas. Writer on Gothic Architecture 1776. .1841 
 
 Rider, William. Hist, and Divine. {History of England) — ..1785 
 Ridgely, Thomas, D. D. Dissent. Div. {Assembly' sCatech.) 1667?. 1734 
 
 Ridinger, John Elias. German Painter of Animals 1695 . .1767 
 
 Ridley, Gloster, D. d. Divine 1702. .1774 
 
 Ridley, James. ( Tales of the Genii) — • • 1765 
 
 Ridley, Nicholas. Bishop & Martyr. L. by Gloster Ridley 1500?. 1555 
 Ridley, Sir Thomas. Civilian. ( Civil and Eccles. Law) — . . 1629 
 Ridolfl, Charles. Venetian Hist.and Portrait Painter 1600 or 2. 1660? 
 Ridolfl, Claudio, of Verona. Historical and Portr, Paint. 1560. . 1644 
 Ridpath, Rev. George, of Stitchill. {Border History) ... 1663?. 1717 
 Riedesel, Frederica Charlotte Louise, Baroness. ( Voyage 
 
 de Mission) i744- • 1808 
 
 Riedesel, Frederick Adolphus, Baron. German Officer . . 1 738 . . 1800 
 Riedesel, Jos. Hermann, Baron de. ( Travels in Greece) 1740. .1785 
 Riedinger, or Ridinger, John Elias, of Ulm. Painter. . . 1695 . . 1767 
 
 Riedlin, Vitus. German Physician 1656, .1724 
 
 Riegels. Danish Historian 1728-'. 1802 
 
 Riego y Nunez, Rafael del. Spanish Revolutionist 1785 . . 1823 
 
 Rienzi, Nich. Gabrini {q. v.) di. L. by Brumoy ; Cerceau 1313. . 1354 
 
 Ries, Ferdinand. Musical Composer 1784- • 1838 
 
 Rigaud, Hyacinth. Portrait Painter 1659 . . 1743 
 
 Rigaud, Stephen Peter. Professor of Astronomy at Oxford 1775 . . 1839 
 
 Bigault, Nicholas. French Critic i577- • 1654 
 
 Bighini, Vincent. Italian Musical Composer 1756- .1812 
 
 Riley, John. Portrait Painter 1646. . 1691 
 
 Riminaldi, Horace. Italian Historical Painter 1598. • 1630 
 
 Rinaldi, Oderic. Continuator of Baronius 1595 .. 167 1 
 
 Rinaldo, of Capua. Musical Composer ti. i6th c. 
 
 Rincon, Anthony del. Spanish Painter X446-'. 1500 
 
 Ring, John. Surgeon. Medical and Poetical Writer ... 1751. .1821 
 Bingelbergius, Joachim Fortius. Flemish Philosopher. —..1536? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 345 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Kinggli, Gothard. Swiss Artist 1575 • • 1635 
 
 Ringgold, Samuel. American Military Officer 1800. .1846 
 
 Rintoul, Robert Stephen. Journalist. Founder of the 
 
 Spectator 1787.. 1858 
 
 Rinuccini, Octavius. Florentine Poet — . . 1621 
 
 Rioja, Francis de. Spanish Poet 1600 . . 1659 
 
 Riolan, John. French Physician i539- • 1605 
 
 Riolan, John, son. Anatomist and Botanist i577- • 1657 
 
 Ripley, p]leazer Wheelock. American General 1782. .1839 
 
 Ripley, George, or Gregory. Alchemist and Poet — . .1490 
 
 Ripon, Fred. John Robinson, First Earl of. Statesman. . 1782. . 1859 
 Ripperda, John William, Baron and Duke of. Dutch 
 
 Adventurer. Life by G. Moore; Dr. John O&mpbell. 1680. -1737 
 
 Riquet, Peter Paul de. French Civil Engineer 1604. .1680 
 
 Risard, Francis. French Mathematician — . . 1778 
 
 Risbeck, Caspar. German Writer. {History of Germany) 17 <,o. .1786 
 
 Risdon, Tristram. Topographer 1580. . 1640 
 
 Risley, Thomas. Puritan Divine. {Family Religion). . . 1630. .1716 
 
 Ritchie, Joseph. African Traveler — . . 1819 
 
 Ritchie, Leitch. Journalist and Author 1800?. 1865 
 
 Ritchie, Thomas. American Journalist 1778. . 1854 
 
 Ritson, Isaac. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer 1761 . .1789 
 
 Ritson, Joseph. Antiquary and Poetical Critic. {Robin 
 Hood.) Life by Haslewood, 1824; Sir Harris Nicolas, 
 
 1833 1752. .1803 
 
 Rittangel, John Stephen. German Orientalist — aft.1652 
 
 Rittenhouse, David. American Mathematician and As- 
 tronomer. Life by Barton, 1813 ; Renwick 1732 . .1796 
 
 Ritter, Charles. Geographer i779- • 1859 
 
 Ritter, John William. Philosopher 1776. .1810 
 
 Rittershuys, Conrad. Jurist and Philologist 1560. .1613 
 
 Rittershuys, Nich., son. Historical & Genealogical Writ. 1597. . 1670 
 Rivalz, Anthony. French Portrait and Historical Painter 1667 . .1735 
 Rivard, Denis. Surgeon at Neufchateau. Lithotomist . . — ..1746 
 
 Rivard, Francis. Mathematician 1697. .1778 
 
 Rivarol, Anthony, Count de. French Writer I757 • • 1801 
 
 Rivault, David. French Mathematician I57i''.i6i6 
 
 Rivaz, Peter Joseph de. Fr. Mechanist and Chronologist 1711 . .1772 
 
 Rive, John Joseph. French Bibliographer 1730. .1792 
 
 Riverius, or Riviere, Lazarus. French Medical Writer. . 1589. . 1655 
 Rivers, Anthony Woodville, Earl; beheaded at Pomfret 1442. .1483 
 
 Rives, John C American Editor 1796? . 1864 
 
 Rivet, Andrew. French Protestant Divine 1572. .1651 
 
 Rivet de la Grange, Anthony. {Literary Hist, of France) 1683. .1749 
 
 Rividre, Henry Francis de la, of Paris. {Letters) 1649. .1738 
 
 Riviere, Mercier de la. French Political Economist. 1720''. 1793 or 4 
 Riviere, Koch le Baillif, Sieur de la. Phys. and Astrol. — . .1605 
 
 Rivington, James. Royalist Printer of New York 1724?. 1802 
 
 Rivinus, Andrew. German Medical and Poetical Writer 1600. .1656 
 Rivinus, Augustus Quirinus. Ger. Phys. and Botanist 1652. .1723 
 
 Rizi, Francis. Spanish Painter ". 1608. . 1685 
 
 Rizi, Fray John, brother. Painter i595 • • 1675 
 
 Rizzio, or Ricci, David. Favorite of Mary Queen of Scots 1 540 . . 1 566 
 Robbins, Ashur. American Statesman i757- • io45 
 
346 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Robert, the Strong, Duke or Marquis of France — . . 866 
 
 Robert I., son. King of France (922-23) — . . 923 
 
 Bobertll. (996-1031) 971. .1031 
 
 Robert I. Dulce of Normandy (1028-35). LeDiabh.. —..1035 
 
 Robert II. (1087-1134.) Curt-hose — . . 1 134 
 
 Robert I. Bruce. King of Scotland (1306-29) 1276?. 1329 
 
 Robert II. Stuart. (1371-90) 1316. .1390 
 
 Robert III. Stuart. (1390-1406) 1340?. 1406 
 
 Robert. King of Naples (1309-43) 1279. . 1343 
 
 Robert. Emperor of Germany (1400-10). Short 1352. . 1410 
 
 Robert, of Artois. Counselor of Edward III 1287 . . 1343 
 
 Robert, of Avesbury. Historian — . . 1356? 
 
 Robert, of France, Count of Clermont; br. of Louis IX. 1216. .1250 
 Robert, of Geneva. Antipope (1378-94). Clement VII. —..1394 
 
 Robert, of Gloucester. Chronicler in Verse ti. Hen. III. 
 
 Robert, of Jumi^ges. Archbp. of Canterbury (1051-52) — . .1052 
 Robert, Claude. Fr. Chronologist. {Gallia Christiana) 1^6^. .1627 
 Robert, Francis. Geogr. Royal of France, and Traveler 1737. .1819 
 
 Robert, Hubert. French Architectural Painter "^TZZ- • 1808 
 
 Robert, Louis Leopold. French Painter i794- -1835 
 
 Robert, Louise F61icite de Keralio. Writer 1758. .1821 
 
 Robert, Nicholas. French Miniature Painter i6io-'. 1684 
 
 Robert, Peter Francis Joseph. Fr. Revolutionary Statesm. 1763. . 1826 
 Robert de Vaugondy, Didier. ( Tablettes Parisiennes) . 1723. .1786 
 
 Robert de Vaugondy, Giles. {Atlas Universel) 1688. .1766 
 
 Roberti, John Baptist, Count. Italian Writer 1719- .1786 
 
 Roberts, David, R. A. Painter. {Sketches in Holy Land) iyg6. .iS6^ 
 Roberts, Miss Emma. {Houses of York and Lancaster) . — . .1840 
 
 Roberts, Richard. Civil Engineer 1789?. 1864 
 
 Roberts, William. Writer. {Life of Hannah More.) 
 
 Life by A. Roberts, 1850 1768. .1849 
 
 Robertson, Rev. Frederick William, of Brighton. Divine. 
 
 {Sermons.) Life by Stopford A. Brooke 1816. . 1853 
 
 Robertson, George. Landscape Painter — ..1788 
 
 Robertson, James, d. d. Prof, of Eccles. History, Edinb. 1803. . i860 
 Robertson, John, d.d., of Glasgow. Divine. {Sermons) 1824. .1865 
 Robertson, Rev. Joseph. Writer. ( On Punctuation) . . 1726. .180:2 
 
 Robertson, Patrick. Scottish Judge. Poet 1794. .1855 
 
 Robertson, Stephen Caspar. French Natural Philosopher 
 
 and Aeronaut 1763. .1837 
 
 Robertson, Thomas. Grammarian — . .1560? 
 
 Robertson, William, D. d. Unitarian Writer 1705 . .1783 
 
 Robertson, William, d. d. ( Chns. V.) L. by Stewart, 1801 1721 . .1793 
 Roberval, Gilles Persone, or Personier, de. Fr. Geometer 1602. . 1675 
 Robespierre, Francis Joseph Maximilian Isidore. French 
 
 Revolutionist. Life by Lewes, 1849 1759'. 1794 
 
 Robin, John. French Botanist 1550- -1597 
 
 Robin Hood. Outlaw ti. Rd. L or Hen. III.? 
 
 Robins, Benjamin. ( Gunnery.) Life by Dr. Wilson. . . . 1707. . 1751 
 Robins, or Robyns, John. Astronomer & Mathematician 1500'. 1558 
 Robinson, Ana'stasia, Countess of Peterborough. Singer — ..1750 
 Robinson, Rev. Edward, D. d. American Philologist 
 
 and Biblical Scholar i794- • 1864 
 
 Robinson, John. English Dissenting Clergyman i575 ■ • 1625 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 347 
 
 BORN. DIED, 
 
 Bobinson, Mrs. Mary. Poetess 175^ • • ^^oo 
 
 Bobinson, Richard, Lord Rokeby. Archbishop of Ar- 
 magh. Benefactor ^7°9- -^794 
 
 Bobinson, Robert. Dissenting Divine. L. by Dyer, 1796 i73S • • 179° 
 Bobinson, Tancred. Writer on Medicine and Nat. Philos. — ..1748 
 Bobinson, Rev. Thomas, of Cumberland. Naturalist ... — • -1719 
 Bobinson, Rev. Thomas, of Leicester. Life by Rev. E. 
 
 T. Vaughan, 1815 1749. .1813 
 
 Bobison, John. Scottish Mathematician and Nat. Philos. 1 739 • • 1805 
 Bobortello, Francis. Italian Scholar and Antiquary ... 1 5 16. . 1567 
 
 Bob Boy Macgregor. Highland Freebooter 1660?. 1743 
 
 Bobson, Frederick. Actor — • • 1864 
 
 Bobson, George Fennel. Painter — . . 1833 
 
 Bobusti, Dominick. Painter 1562. . 1637 
 
 Bobusti, James. II Tintoretto 1512. .1594 
 
 Bobusti, Marietta, daughter. Portrait Painter 1560. . 1590 
 
 Boby, John, of Rochdale. ( Traditions of Lancashire) ... — . . 1850 
 Bocaberti, John Thomas de. Spanish Writer on Papacy 1624. . 1699 
 
 Bocca, Angelas. Italian Scholar and Theologian 1545 . .1620 
 
 Bochambeau, Donatien Mary Joseph, son of John Baptist 1750. . 1813 
 Bochambeau, John Baptist Donatien de Vimeur, Count 
 
 de. Marshal 1725 • • 1807 
 
 Boche, Regina Maria. Novelist 1766. . 1845 
 
 Boehefort, Wm. de. {Refutation du Systeme de la Nature) 1731. .1788 
 
 Bochefoucauld, Francis, Due de la. (Maxims) 1613. . 1680 
 
 Bochejacquelein, Madame de la. L. tr. by Sir W. Scott 1772. • 1857 
 
 Bocbejacquelein, Henry la. Vendean Royalist 1772. . i794 
 
 Bochester, John Wilmot, Second Earl of. Courtier and 
 
 Satirical Poet. L. by Bp. Burnet, 1680; Dr. Johnson 1647. .1680 
 Bochester, Lawrence Hyde, First Earl of. Lord Lieut. — ..1711 
 Bochon, Alexis Mary de." Fr. Astronomer and Navigator 1741 . . 1817 
 Bocbon de Chabannes, Mark Anthony Jas. Dramatist 1730. . 1800 
 Bockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, Marquess of. 
 
 Premier. Life by Lord Albemarle, 1852 1730. . 1782 
 
 Bodger, Alexander.' Scottish Poet 1784. . 1846 
 
 Bodgers, John. United States Naval Officer 1771 . .1838 
 
 Bodman, Isaac Peace. American General 1822. .1862 
 
 Bodney, Cassar. American Patriot 1 730 J'. 1783 
 
 Bodney, George Brydges, Lord. Admiral 1718. .1792 
 
 Bodolph I., of Hapsburg. Emperor of Germany (1272-91) 1218. .1291 
 
 Bodolphll. (1576-1612) 1552.. 1612 
 
 Bodriguez, Ventura. Spanish Architect 171 7. .1785 
 
 Boa, Sir Thomas. Statesman and Ambassador 1580?. 1644 
 
 Boebuck, John, M. D., of Carron. Ironmaster. Life by 
 
 Smiles 1718. .1794 
 
 Boehr, John Frederick. German Theologian i777- • 1848 
 
 Boelas, John de las. Spanish Painter 1560. . 1625 
 
 Boemer, Olaus. Danish AstronoiTier 1644. . 1710 
 
 Boepel, Conrad. Dutch Painter 1679. .1748 
 
 Boestraeten, Peter. Dutch Portrait Painter 1627. . 1698 
 
 Boger I. Count of Sicily 1031 . . i loi 
 
 Boger II., son. First King of Sicily io93- -1154 
 
 Boger, Joseph Louis, of Strasburg. Medical Writer — . .1761 
 
 Bogers, Benjamin. Musical Composer — aft.1685 
 
348 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Kogers, Rev. George, of Sproughton. Theological Writer 1 741 . . 1835 
 Bogers, James Blythe. American Physician and Chemist 1803 , . 1852 
 Rogers, John. Protestant Martyr. Life by Chester, 1861 1500?. 1555 
 
 Rogers, Dr. John. Controversial Divine 1679 , . 1 729 
 
 Rogers, Samuel. Poet. {Recollections.) Life by self. .. 1763. .1855 
 
 Rogers, William, d. d. American Divine 1751 • • 1824 
 
 Rogers, Woods. Captain, R. n. Circumnavigator — . . 1732 
 
 Roghonan, Roland. Dutch Landscape Painter i597- • 1686 
 
 Rohan, Anne de. Reformer 1584^ 1646 
 
 Rohan, Henry, Duke of, br. Huguenot General. Writer 1579. . 1638 
 Rohan, Louis Ren«^ Edward, Prince of. French Cardinal 1734. . 1803 
 Rohault, James. French Philosopher and Mathematician 1620., 1675 
 
 Rohr, John Frederick. German Theologian 1777. . 1848 
 
 Rokewode, John Gage. Director of Society of Antiqua- 
 ries. {History of Suffolk) 1786. .1842 
 
 Madame Manon Jane Philipon. RcDublican 
 
 1754- -1793 
 
 Roland, Madame Manon Jane Philipon. Republican 
 
 Politician 
 
 Roland, Philip Lawrence. French Sculptor 1746. . 1816 
 
 Roland d'Erceville, B. G. French Scholar and Politician 1 730 . . 1 794 
 Roland de la Platidre, John Mary. French Statesman 1732. .1793 
 
 Rolandino. Italian Historian 1200 . . 1276 
 
 Rolle, Dennis, m. p., of Devonshire. Colonizer of Florida 1725 . .1797 
 
 Rolle, Henry. Judge 1589. . 1656 
 
 Rolle, John, m. p., afterwards Lord. Colonel. Arbori- 
 culturist; occasioaed the Rolliad 1751 • • 1842 
 
 Rolle, Michael. French Mathematician 1652 . .1719 
 
 RoUi, Paul Anthony. Italian Poet 1687 . .1767 
 
 Rollin, Charles. Historian 1661 . .1741 
 
 Rollo, Rou, or Raoul. First Duke of Normandy (911-27) — . . 931? 
 Rollock, Robert'. First Principal of Edinburgh Universit}' 1 5 5 5 • • 1 598 
 
 Rolt, Richard. Historical and Miscellaneous Writer 1724?. 1770 
 
 Romagnosi, John Dominic. Italian Jurist 1 761 .. 1835 
 
 Romaine, Rev. William. Life by Rev. W. B. Cadogan. . 1714. .1795 
 Romana, Peter Caro y Sureda, Mqs. de la. Span. General 1761 . . 181 1 
 
 Romanelli, John Francis. Italian Painter 161 7. . 1662 
 
 Romanelli, Urban, son. Painter 1638 . . 1682 
 
 Romano, Julius. Italian Painter and Architect 1492. .1546 
 
 Romanoff, Mich. Fedorovitch. Emp. of Russia (1613-45). 1598. .1645 
 
 Romanus. Pope (897-98) —..898 
 
 Romanus I. Emperor of the East (919-44.). Lecapenus — . . 948 
 
 Romanus II. (959-963.) The Young 939. . 963 
 
 Romanus III. (1028-34.) Argyrus — . . 1034 
 
 Romanus IV. (1067-71. ) Diogenes — . . 1071 
 
 Romanzoff, Michael Paul, Count. Diplomatist 1753- • 1826 
 
 Romanzofif, Peter Alexandrovitch, Count, Russian Gen. 1730?. 1796 
 
 Romberg, Andrew. German Musical Composer 1767. . 1821 
 
 Romberg, Bernard Henry, cousin. Musical Composer. . 1767'.! 841 
 
 Rombouts, Theodore. Dutch Painter 1597 . 1637 or 40 
 
 Rome de I'Isle, John Bapt. Louis. French Mineralogist 1 736 . . 1 790 
 
 Romer, Glaus. Danish Astronomer 1644. .1702 
 
 Romilly, John, of Geneva. Mechanic and Horologist . . 17 14. .1796 
 
 Romilly, Sir Samuel. Lawyer i757- • ^818 
 
 Romney, George. Painter. Life by Hayley i734- • 1802 
 
 Romulus Augustulus. Last Roman Emperor of West. — aft. 476 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 349 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Boncalli, Christopher. Pomerancio. Historical Painter 1552. .1626 
 Kondelet, Win. Phys. and Nat. {De Piscibus Marinis) 1507. .1566 
 
 Bonsard, Peter de. French Poet 1524.. 1585 
 
 Ronsin, Charles Philip. French Politician . .^ 1752 . . 1794 
 
 Koodtseus, John Albert. Dutch Portrait Painter 161 7. . 1674 
 
 Rooke, Sir George. Admiral 1650 . .1709 
 
 Rooke, Lawrence. Geometrician and Astronomer 1623. . 1662 
 
 Rooker, Michael Angelo. English Artist 1743 • • 18°^ 
 
 Roome, Edward. Lawyer. _ Satirist. (Pasquin) — . .1729 
 
 Roomen, Adrian van. Adrianus Eomamis. Mathem.. . 1 561. .1615 
 
 Roore, James. Dutch Historical Painter 1686. . 1747 
 
 Roos, John Henry, of Ottenburg. Painter 1631 . . 1685 
 
 Roos, Philip Pete"r. Bosa di Tivoli. Flemish Painter. . . 1655. .1705 
 Roque, John de la. Writer of Voyages and Travels ... 1661 . .1745 
 Roq.uefort, John Baptist Bonaventura. {i!tat de la Poe- 
 
 sie Franqaise) i •j'jj . . 1834 
 
 Roques, Peter. French Prolestant Divine 1685 . .1748 
 
 Rosa, Francis Martinez de la. Span. Statesman and Poet 1786. . 1862 
 
 Rosa, Salvator. Painter, Poet, Architect, Actor 1615 . . 1673 
 
 Rosa di Tivoli. Philip Peter Roos. Flemish Painter. . 165 5.. 1705 
 
 Rosalba, Carriera. Italian Miniature Painter 1675 . . 1757 
 
 Rosamond. Fair Rosamond. Daughter of Walter Lord 
 
 Clifford; Favorite of Henry 11. of England — . .1177 
 
 Rosapina, Francis. Italian Engraver 1762. . 1841 
 
 Roscelin, of Compi^gne. Fr. Schoolman. Nominalist. — ..1106? 
 
 Roscius, Quintus. Roman Actor .* — b.c. 62 
 
 Roscoe, Henry. {British Lawyers) 1800 . . 1836 
 
 Roscoe, James. Poet and Periodical Writer 1 791'. 1864 
 
 Roscoe, Robert. Poet. {Alfred) 1790.. 1850 
 
 Roscoe, WiUiam. Writer. {Life of Leo X.) 1753. . 1 831 
 
 Roscoe, W. S. Poet 1781..1843 
 
 Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, Earl of. Poet 1633'. 1684 
 
 Rose, George. Statesman and Political Writer i744- • 1818 
 
 Rose, Hugh James, b. d. Ed. of Parkhurst. {Biog. Diet.) 1795 . . ^^Z^ 
 
 Rose, William. Bishop of Seniis. See Rossaeus 1542^ . 1602 
 
 Rose, William Stuart. Translator of Ariosto 1775?. 1843 
 
 Roseingrave, Thomas. Musician — • • 1 75o 
 
 Rosellini, Hippolytus. Archaeologist 1800. . 1843 
 
 Rosen, Frederick Augustus. German Orientalist 1805. . 1837 
 
 Rosenmiiller, or Rosenmueller, Ernest Frederick Charles. 
 
 {Scholia in Vetibs Testamentum) 1768. . 1835 
 
 RosenmuLLer, or Rosenmueller, John George. {HistoHa 
 
 Interpretatlonis) 1736 . . 1815 
 
 Rosetti, Donate. Italian Mathematician — aft. 1678 
 
 Rosetti, Gabriel. Poet and Commentator on Dante 1783. . 1854 
 
 Rosewell, Thomas. Nonconformist Divine 1630?, 1691 
 
 Rosin, or Rosinus, John. German Antiquary 155^ • • 1626 
 
 Rosmini, Charles de. Italian Biographer 1758. . 1827 
 
 Rosmini Serbati, Anthony. Ital. Eccles. & Philosopher 1797 . . 1855 
 Ross, Alexander. Divine. ( Viryilius Evangelizans) . . . . 1590. .16^4 
 
 Ross, Alexander. Scottish Poet 1699. .1784 
 
 Ross, David. Actor — . .1790 
 
 Ross, George. American Patriot 1730- -1779 
 
 s. Admiral Sir James Clark. Arctic Navigator 1800. .i86a 
 
350 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ross, or Rouse, John. Antiquary of "Warwick — . . 1491 
 
 Ross, John. Bishop of Exeter. Writer — ..1792 
 
 Ross, Admiral Sir John. Arctic Navigator 1777- • 1856 
 
 Ross, Sir John Lockhart. Admiral 1721. .1790 
 
 Rossseus, or Rose, Bishop of Senlis. {De Justa Potestate) 1542?. 1602 
 
 Rosselli, Cosimo. Florentine Painter 1416. . 1484 
 
 Rossi, Bernard Mary de. Rubeis. ( Church of Aquihia) 1687-'. 1775 
 
 Rossi, Jerome, of Ravenna. {History of Ravenna) i539- • 1607 
 
 Rossi, John Charles Felix, K. A. Sculptor 1762. . 1839 
 
 Rossi, John Victor. Erythroeus. (Plnacotheca Iliustrium) 1 5 77 . . 1647 
 
 Rossi, Pellegrino, Count. Statesman and Writer 1787 . . 1848 
 
 Rossi, Rosso de', or II Rosso. Maitre Roux. Painter . . 1496. .1541 
 Rossljm, Alexander Wedderburn, Earl of. Lord Chanc. 1733. . 1805 
 Rosslyn, James St. Clair Erskine, Earl of. Statesman.. 1762''. 1837 
 Rosso, II, of Florence. Maitre Roux. Painter. See Rossi 1496. .1541 
 
 Rostgaard, Frederick. Danish Writer 1671 . . 1745 
 
 Rostoptchin, Feodor, Ct. Russian Officer and Statesman 1765 . . 1826 
 Rosweide, Heribert. Dutch Jesuit. Eccles. Antiquary 1569. .1629 
 
 Rota, Bernardin. Italian Poet 1509- -1575 
 
 Rotari, Peter. Italian Portrait and Historical Painter. . 1707. . 1764 
 Rotgans, Luke. Dutch Poet. {Life of William III.). .. 16^^. .ly 10 
 Roth, John Rudolph. German Naturalist and Traveler. . 1815 . . 1858 
 
 Rothenhamer, John, of Munich. Painter 1564. . 1604 
 
 Rotheram, John, m. d. {Nature and Properties of Water) — . . 1787 
 Rotheram, Rev. John, of Houghton le Spring. Theol. — . . 1 788 
 Rothman, ChristopHer. Ger. Astronomer. ( On Comets) — . . 1 592 
 
 RothschUd, Mayer Anselm, of Frankfort. Banker 1743- -1812 
 
 Rothscliild, Nathan Mayer, son. Capitalist i777- .1836 
 
 Rotrou, John de. French Dramatic Writer 1609. . 1650 
 
 Rotteck, Charles Wenceslaus Rodecker von. Historian . 1775 . . 1840 
 Rottenhamer, or Rothenhamer, John. German Painter 1564. .1604 
 
 RoubUiac, Louis Francis. Sculptor 1695 . .1762 
 
 Rouclier, John Anthony. Fr. Poet & Writer. {Les Mois) 1745 • • ^794 
 Rouelle, Hilary Marinus. Experimental Philosopher .. 1718..1779 
 Rouelle, William Francis, brother. French Chemist. . . . 1703. .1770 
 
 Rouille, Peter Julian. French Jesuit. Writer 1681 . .1740 
 
 Rous, Francis. English Republican i579- • 1659 
 
 Rouse, or Ross, John. Antiquar}"-, of Warwick — . . 1491 
 
 Rousseau, Jaraes. French Pauiter 1630 . . 1693 
 
 Rousseau, John Baptist. French Lyric Poet 1670. .1741 
 
 Rousseau, John James. Jean Jacques. French Writer. 
 {Confessio7is.) Life by V. D. Musset; Pathay; Bar- 
 
 ruel de Beauvert 1712. .1778 
 
 Roussel, Peter. French Medical Writer 1742 . . 1802 
 
 Roussel, William. French Benedictine. Writer 1658. .1717 
 
 Rousselin de Oorbeau, Alexander Charles, Count de 
 
 St. Albin. French Publicist. ( Vie de Hoche) 1773. . 1847 
 
 Routh, Martin Joseph, d. d. ( Reliquim Sacvos) 1755 .. 1854 
 
 Roux, Augustin. Fr. Physician. ( Typographical Annals) 1726. .1776 
 
 Rowe, Mrs. Elizabeth. Poetical and Prose Writer 1674. .1737 
 
 Rowe, John, of Tiverton. Nonconf. Div. {Love of Christ) — ..1677 
 Rowe, Nicholas. Poet Laureate. Translator of Lucan.. 1673. .1718 
 Rowe, Thomas. Nonconf. Div. ( The Christian's Works) — . . 1698? 
 Bowe, Thomas. Poetical and Historical Writer 1687. . 1715 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 351 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bo-wlands, Henry. Welsh Antiquary. {Mona Restaurata) — ..1722 
 
 Rowlandson, Thomas. Caricaturist 1756. • 1827 
 
 Rowley, William. Dramatic Writer ti. Jas. I. 
 
 Rowley, Wm., m. d. ( Scholcu Medicince Universalis Nova) 1743 • • 1806 
 
 Rowning, John. Mathematician and Divine 1699. . 1771 
 
 Roxana. Bactrian Princess ; wife of Alexander the Great — B.c.31 1 
 Roxburgh, Wm., m.d. Scottish Botanist. {Flora Indica) 1759. . 181 5 
 
 Roy, Anthony, Count. French Statesman 1764. . 1847 
 
 Roy, Julian le. French Horologist 1686. . 1759 
 
 Roy, Julian David le, son. Architect and Antiquary. . . . 1724. . 1803 
 
 Roy, Louis le. French Scholar.^ (Life of Budceus) — ..1577 
 
 Roy, Peter le. Horologist. , (Etrennes Chroiioinetriques) lyiy . .lyS^ 
 Roy, Peter Charles. French Satirist and Dramatic Poet 1683. .1764 
 Roy, Wm. Maj.-Gen. {Antiquitiesof Romans in Britain) — ..1790 
 Royer-Collard, Peter Paul. Fr. Statesman and Philos. 1763. .1845 
 Royse, John. Popular Preacher. {SpiriVs Touchstone,). . — ..1663 
 
 Roz^e, Mademoiselle, of Leyden. Artist in Silk 1632. .1682 
 
 Rozier, Francis. French Botanist and Agriculturist i734- -1793 
 
 Rualt, or Rualdus, John. French Scholar 1580'' . 1636 
 
 Ruarus, Martin. Socinian Writer 1587''. 1657 
 
 Rubens, Albert. Antiquary 1614. . 1657 
 
 Rubens, Peter Paul. Painter. Life by Van Hassell 1577 . . 1640 
 
 Rubini, John Baptist. Vocalist i795 • • 1854 
 
 Rubruquis, or De Ruysbroeck, William. Traveler . . 1230 '.aft. 1293 
 Rucellai, Bernard. Italian Statesman, Historian, Poet. . 1449. .1514 
 Rucellai, John, son. Scholar and Poet. ( The "Bees) . . . 1475 . . 1525 
 
 Rudbeck, John. Swedish Bishop and Theologian 1581 . . 1646 
 
 Rudbeck, Olaus. Swed. Anatomist, Botanist, Antiquary 1630. .1702 
 
 Rudbeck, Olaus, son. Botanist and Orientalist 1660. .1740 
 
 Rudborne, Thomas. Bishop of St. David's. .......... — . .1442? 
 
 Rudborne, Thos. Monk. {Historia Major Wintoniensis) — ..1450? 
 Ruddiman, Thomas. Critic. L. by Geo. Chalmers, 1794 1674. .1757 
 Riidiger, Feodor Vasilievitch, Count. Russian General . . 1 780 . . 1 856 
 Ruding, Rev. Rogers. Antiquary. {Annals of Coinage) 1751. .1820 
 Rudolph I., or Rodolph, of Hapsburg. Emp. (1272-91) 1218. .1291 
 
 Rudolph II., or Rodolph. (1576-1612) 1552. .1612 
 
 Rue, Charles de la. Fr. Poet, Preacher, Classical Editor 1643. .1725 
 Rue, Charles de la. Fr. Benedictine. Editor of Origen 1684. .1739 
 
 Rueda, Lope de. Spanish Dramatist 1500?. 1564 
 
 Ruediger, Feodor Vasilievitch, Count. Russian General 1780. .1856 
 Ruel, John, of Soissons. Botanist. {De Natura Stirpium) 1479. .1539 
 
 Ruff head, Owen. Miscellaneous Writer I723^ 1769 
 
 Ruffl, Anthony de. French Lawyer and Historian 1607. . 1689 
 
 Ruffinus, Peter John Mary. French Diplomatist 1742. . 1824 
 
 Ruffo, Fabricius. Cardinal. Neapolitan Politician 1750''. 1827 
 
 Rufilius Numantianus, Claudius. Roman Poet. {Itine- 
 
 rarium) fl. 414 
 
 Ruflnus. Chief Minister of Theodosius the Great — . . 395 
 
 Rufinus. Toranus. Ecclesiastical Writer 341'^- 4^° 
 
 Rufus Ephesius. Greek Physician ti. Trajan 
 
 Rugendas, George Philip. German Battle Painter 1666. .1742 
 
 Ruggle, George. Dramatic Satirist. {Ignorarnm), .. 1^7^.16210x2 
 
 Rugman, Jonas John. Icelandic Scholar. 1636. . 1669 
 
 Buhnken, David. Philologist 1723. .1798 
 
352 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN DIED. 
 
 Buhs, Frederick. German Historian 1780. . 1820 
 
 Buiaart, Thierry. Fr. Writ. (Acta Primwum Martyrum) 165 7 . . 1 709 
 Ruisch, or Ruysch, Rachel, of Amsterdam. Flower Faint. 1664. . 1750 
 
 Bxile, Gilbert, m. d. Nonconformist Divine 1623?. 1705 
 
 BiilMere, Claudius Carloman de. French Historian 1735. -1791 
 
 Biilland, Martin. German Medical Writer 1532?. 1602 
 
 Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count. American Natu- 
 ral Philosopher and Philanthropist 1752. . 1814 
 
 E.umiantzoflE'. See Romanzoff. 
 
 Kumohr, Charles Fred. Louis Felix von. Writer on Art 1785 . . 1843 
 
 Rumpli, George Everard. Botanist. {Herbarium Am- 
 
 boinense) 1637 . . 1 706 
 
 Bumsey, James. American Inventor 1743?. 1792 
 
 Bunciman, Alexander. Scottish Painter 1736. .1785 
 
 Bunius, John. Swedish Poet 1679. . 1713 
 
 Bunjeet Singh. Chief of Lahore and Cashmere 1780. .1839 
 
 Bunnington, Charles. Law Writer 1751 • • 1821 
 
 Bupert, Prince, of Bavaria, nephew of Charles 1 1619. .1682 
 
 Buscelli, Jerome. Italian Scholar — . .1566 
 
 Bush, Benjamin, m. d. American Physician i745 • • ^^^3 
 
 Bush, Richard, son. Statesman and Diplomatist 1780. . 1859 
 
 Bushworth, John. {Historical Collections) 1607'. 1690 
 
 BusseU, Alexander, m. d. Scottish Physician at Aleppo. 
 
 {Natural History of Aleppo) — . . 1770 
 
 Bussell, Benjamin. American Journalist 1761 . . 1845 
 
 Bussell, Edward, Earl of Orford. Admiral 1 651 .. 1727 
 
 Bussell, Francis, Duke of Bedford. Statesman and Agri- 
 culturist 1765 . . 1802 
 
 Bussell, Michael, ll. d. Bishop of Glasgow. Writer. 
 
 ( Connection of Sacred and Profane History) 1781 . . 1848 
 
 Bussell, Patrick, m. d. Phys. at Aleppo. ( On Plague) 1726. . 1805 
 Bussell, Rachel Wriothesley, Lady, wife of Lord William 1636?. 1723 
 
 BusseU, Richard, m. d. Writer on Sea Water — . .1768 
 
 Bussell, Lord William. Beheaded. Life by Earl Russell 1639. .1683 
 BusseU, WilUam, Fifth Earl, First Duke of Bedford. 
 
 Royalist 1614. . 1700 
 
 BusseU, Wm., ll. d. {Mod. Europe.) L. by Irvine, 1801 1746. .1794 
 
 Bust, George. Bishop of Dromore — . . 1670 
 
 Butgers, John. Dutch Critic. {Varice Lectiones) 1589.. 1625 
 
 Butherford, Daniel, m. d. Natural Philosopher i749- • 1819 
 
 Butherford, SamueL Prof, at St. Andrew's. {Letters) 1600I .i66x 
 
 Butherforth, Thomas, D. d. Archdeacon 1712. .1771 
 
 Butledge, Edward. American Statesman 1749- • 1800 
 
 Butledge, John, brother. Statesman and Jurist i739- • 1800 
 
 Buxton, George Frederick. Traveler 1820 . . 1848 
 
 Buysbroek, John. Divine, ov Ecstatic, Doctor. Mystic. . 1293?.! 381 
 
 Buysch, Frederick. Dutch Anatomist 1638. . 1731 
 
 Buysch, Henry, son. Anatomist. {Theatr'um Universale) — • '1727 
 
 Buysch, Rachel, of Amsterdam. Flower Painter 1664. .1750 
 
 Buysdaal, or Ruysdael, Jacob. Dutch Painter 1636. . 1681 
 
 Buyter, Michael Adriaenzoon de. Admiral '. . 1607 . . 1676 
 
 Byan, Lacy. Dramatic Writer 1694?. 1760 
 
 Bycaut, or Ricaut, Sir Paul. Traveler and Biographer. 
 
 (B. A. 1650) — ..1700 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 353 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ryckaert, David. Dutch Painter 1615 . . 1677 
 
 Ryckaert, Martin. Dutch Landscape Painter 1591 . . 1636 
 
 Bycke, Theodore van. Dutch Critic 1640 . . 1690 
 
 Bycquius, Justus. Dutch Antiq. and Poet. {De Capiiolio) 1^87. .1627 
 
 Ryder, Sir Dudley. Lord Chief Justice 1691 . . 1 756 
 
 Ryder, Hon. Henry. Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry 1778. .1836 
 Ryer, Peter du. Dramatist and Miscellaneous Writer. . . 1605. .1658 
 
 Ryland, John, D. D. Dissenting Minister. Writer — -.1792 
 
 Ryland, Wm. Wynne. Engraver; executed for Forgery 1732. .1783 
 
 Ryraer, Thomas. Critic and Antiquary. (Foedera) 1638?. 1713 
 
 Rysbraeck, John Michael. Dutch Sculptor 1694. .1770 
 
 Rysbraeck, Peter. Dutch Landscape Painter 1657 . . 1716 
 
 Ryves, Bruno. Chaplain to Charles I. Preacher — . . 1677 
 
 Ryves, Eliza. Irish Novelist. {Hermit of Srumdon)^ — .-1797 
 
 Ryves, Sir Thomas. Civilian. (Historia N'avalis Antiqua) — ..1651 
 Rzewusky, or Kzewiesky, Wenceslaus. Polish States- 
 man and Writer 1705 . .1779 
 
 23 
 
354 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 S. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Sa, or Saa, Emanuel. Portuguese Jesuit and Divine. . . . 1530. .1596 
 Sa de Miranda, Francis. Portuguese Satirist and Poet 1495. .1558 
 Saad ed-deen, Mohammed Effendi. Turkish Historian — ••i599 
 
 Saadi, or Sadi. Persian Poet 11 75 or 6. 1291 
 
 Saadia, or Saadiah (ben Joseph). Jewish Philosopher, 
 
 Poet, and Scholar 892?. 941 or 2 
 
 Saas, John, of Rouen. {Abridgment of Hist. Dictionary) 1703. .1774 
 
 Saavedra, Michael de Cervantes. See Cervantes i547- .1616 
 
 Saavedra Faxardo, Diego de. Span. Writer & Diplom. 1584. . 1648 
 
 Sabatai-Sevi. Jewish Impostor. . .• 1625 . . 1676 
 
 Sabatier, Anthony, of Castres. Writer 1742. .1817 
 
 Sabatier, Peter. French Benedictine. {LatinceVersiones) 1682.. 1742 
 
 Sabatini, Francis. Spanish Architect 1722. .1798 
 
 Sabbatini, Andrew. Andrea da Salerno. Neapolitan 
 
 Painter 1480?. 1545? 
 
 Sabbatini, Lorenzo. Lorenzin di Bologna. Painter.... — ..1577 
 Sabbatini, Louis Anthony, of Padua. Comp. and Writer 1739. . 1809 
 Sabellicus, Mark Anthony Cocceius. Italian Historian 
 
 and Philologist 1436. .1508 
 
 Sabellius. African Bishop or Presbyter ; Heretic fi. 256-70 
 
 Sabeo, Faustus. Venetian Poet 1478^ 1558? 
 
 Sabina, wife of Hadrian (100 ?-138?) — .. 138? 
 
 Sabine, Joseph, f. r. s. Savant 1770. . 1837 
 
 Sabinianus, of Volterra. Bishop of Rome (604-6) — . . 606 
 
 Sabinus, Francis Floridus. Italian Writer. {Interpreta- 
 tion of Civil Law) — . .1547 
 
 Sabinus, George. Schaller. German Latin Poet 1508. .1560 
 
 Sablier, Charles. French Writer 1693 . . 1785 
 
 Sabliere, Anthony de Rambouillet de la. French Poet. . 1615?. 1680 
 
 Sacchetti, Francis. Italian Novelist and Poet 1335?. aft. 1400 
 
 Sacchetti, John Baptist. Italian Architect 1736. .1764 
 
 Sacchi, Andrew. Italian Painter 1598. . 1661 
 
 Sacchini, Anthony Mary Gaspar. Ital. Musical Composer 1 735 . . 1 786 
 
 Sacchini, Juvenal, of Milan. Writer on Music 1726. .1789 
 
 Sacheverell, Henry, d. d. Tory Divine 1672''. 1724 
 
 Sachs, Hans. Shoemaker of Nuremberg. Dramatic Poet 1 494 . . 1 5 78 
 Sachtleevin, or Zachtleevin, Cornelius. Dutch Painter. 1612. . — 
 
 Sachtleevin, Herman. Dutch Landscape Painter 1609. . 1685 
 
 Sack, Frederick Samuel Godfrey. German Theologian. . 1738. .1817 
 Sackville, Charles, Sixth Earl of Dorset and Middlesex. 
 
 Wit and Poet 1637. .1706 
 
 Sackville, Edward, Fourth Earl of Dorset, k. g. Royahst 1590. .1652 
 Sackville, George, First Viscount. Soldier & Statesman 1716. .1785 
 Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst and Earl of Dorset. 
 
 Statesman and Poet 1527. .1608 
 
 Sacrobosco. {De Sphmrd Mundi.) See Holywood — ..1256 
 
 Sacy, Anthony Isaac Sylvestre de. Baron. Orientalist. . 1758. .1838 
 
 Sacy, Louis de. French Advocate and Writer 1654. .1727 
 
 Sacy, Louis Isaac. LeMaistre. Jansenist; Transl. of Bible 1613..1684 
 Sade, Donatian Alfonso Francis, Count. Novelist 1740. .1814 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 355 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Sade, James Francis Paul Aldonce de. Abb4. {Life of 
 
 Petrarch) 1705. .1767 
 
 Sadeel, Anthony. French Huguenot; Theologian 1534. . 1591 
 
 Sadeler, Giles. Engraver. ( Vestiges of Antiq. of Rome) 1570. .1629 
 
 Sadeler, John. Dutch Engraver i55o- • 1600 
 
 Sadeler, Raphael, brother. Engraver i555 • • 1616 
 
 Sadi, or Saadi. Persian Poet 1175 or 6. 1291 
 
 Sadler, John. Political Writer. ( Rights of the Kingdom) 161 5 . . 1674 
 Sadler, Michael Thomas. Philanthropist. (/reZanc?). .. 1780. .1835 
 Sadler, Sir Ralph. Statesman. Life by Sir W. Scott. . . 1507. . 1587 
 
 Sadler, William Windham. Aeronaut and Chemist 1796.. 1824 
 
 Sadolet, James. Italian Cardinal ; Writer i477 • -1547 
 
 Sadoleto, Paul. Italian Poet and Epistolographer 1508. . 1572 
 
 Saemund, Sigfusson. Icelandic Writer 1054?. 1 133 
 
 Safarik, or Schafarik, Paul Joseph. Antiq. & Philologist 1795 • • ^^^i 
 
 Sage, Alain Rene le. Novelist. ( Gil Bias) 1668. .1747 
 
 Sage, Balthasar George. French Chemist 1740- • 1824 
 
 Sage, David le. French Poet. (Les Folies du Sage) — ..1650' 
 
 Sage, John. Bp. of Edinburgh. L. by John Gillan, 1714 1652. .1711 
 Sagittarius, Caspar. German Historian and Antiquary 1643 . , 1694 
 Sagredo, John. Venetian Historian. {Ottoman Empire) i6i6''.aft.i69i 
 Sahuguet Amazit, F. French General and Tactician. . 1713. .1783 
 Said ibn Batric. Eutychiiis. Arab. Phys. and Historian 876.. 940 
 
 Said Pasha, Mohammed. Viceroy of Egypt 1822. . 1863 
 
 Sailer, John Michael. Roman Catholic Theologian 1751 . . 1832 
 
 Sainct Paiile, Sir George. Benefactor 1562''. 1613 
 
 Sainctes, Claude de. Bp. of Evreux. ( On ike Eucharist) 1525 . . 1591 
 
 Saint Albans, Harriet Mellon, Duchess of. Actress 1775. .1837 
 
 Saint- Amant, Mark Anthony Gerard, Sieur de. Fr. Poet 1594. .1661 
 Saint- Amour, William de. Oppon. of Mendicant Orders . — ..1272 
 Saint-Andr6, John Bon, Baron. French Revolutionist 
 
 and Administrator under Napoleon i749- -1813 
 
 Saint- Ange, Angelo Francis Parian de. Transl. of Ovid 1747. . 1810 
 Saint- Arnaud, James Achille Leroy de. Marsh, of France 1798. . 1854 
 Saint- Aubin, Gabriel James de. Fr. Painter & Engraver 1724. .1770 
 Saint- Aulaire, Francis Joseph de Beaupoil, Marquis de. 
 
 Poet 1643. .1742 
 
 Saint Clair, Arthur. American General i735 • • 1813 
 
 Saint- Cosme, John de. French Monk. Lithotomist. 1703.aft.1763 
 Saint-Gyr, Lawrence Gouvion de. Marshal of France ; 
 
 Military Writer 1764. . 1830 
 
 Saint-Oyran, Jean du Verger de Hauranne, Abb^ de. . . 1581. .1643 
 Saint-^fevremond, Charles de Marguetel de St. Denis, 
 
 Lord of. Writer 1613. .1703 
 
 Saint-Foix, Germain Francis Poullain de. Dram. & Writ. 1698. .1776 
 
 Saint-Gelais, Mellin de. French Poet 1 491 .. 1559 
 
 Saint-Gelais, Octavian de. French Archbishop and Poet 1466. .1502 
 
 Saint-Genies, John de. French Poet 1607. .1663 
 
 Saint-George, Chevalier de. Violinist and Composer.. 1745.. 1799 
 Saint-Germain, Christopher. Seintgerman. English Law 
 
 Writer. {Doctor and Student) — . . 1540 
 
 Saint-Germain, Claude Louis, Count de. Adventurer. 
 
 {Memoirs) 1707. .1778 
 
 Saint- HUaire, Auguste de. Botanist. {Flora Brasilica) 1799. . 1861 
 
356 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. 
 
 Saint-Hilaire, Geoffrey Stephen. Naturalist and Anato- 
 mist. Life by son 1772. 
 
 Saint-Hyacintlie, Hyacinth Cordonnier de. Themiseuil 1684. 
 
 Saint- John, Bayle. Writer 1822 . 
 
 Saint-John, Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke. Statesman 
 
 and Writer. Life by Goldsmith 1678 . 
 
 Saint- Just, Anthony Louis Leo de. Revolutionist 1768. 
 
 Saint-Lambert, Charles Francis, Marquis de. French 
 
 Soldier, Poet, and Writer '^1'i7- 
 
 Saint-Leger, Bartholomew Mercier, Abb6 de. Bibliog- 
 rapher , 1734- • 
 
 Saint-Leger, Francis Barry Boyle. Writer i799- 
 
 Saint-Leonard, Robeil Gifford, Baron. Lord Chancellor 1779. 
 
 Saint-Marc, Chas. Hugh Lefebvre de. .Historical Writer 1698. 
 
 Saint-Marc, John Paul Andrew des Rasins, Marquis de. 
 
 French Lyric Poet 1728. 
 
 Saint-Martin, John Anthony. Fr. Orientalist and Hist. 1791. 
 
 Saint-Martin, Louis Claude de. Le Philosophe Inconnu. 
 
 French Writer. {Error and Truth) i743- 
 
 Saint-Maure, Charles de, Duke of Montausier {q. v.) ... 1610. 
 
 Saint-Non, John Claude Richard de. ( Voyage Pitto- 
 
 resque) 1727. 
 
 Saint-Pavin, Denis Sanguin de. • French Poet — . 
 
 Saint-Pierre, Charles Irdn^e Castel de. Abbd ; Philan- 
 thropist. {Prqjetde Paix Perpetuelle) 1658 . 
 
 Saint- Pierre, Eust. de, of Calais. Pensionary of Edw. III. — . 
 
 Saint-Pierre, James Henry Bernardin de. French Au- 
 thor. {Paid and Virginia) "^737 • 
 
 Saint-Priest, Alexis de Guignard, Count. French Writ- 
 er, {ffistoire de la Chute des Jesuiies) 181 5 . 
 
 Saint-Priest, Francis Emanuel Guignard, Count de. 
 
 French Statesman i735 • 
 
 Saint-B.6al, Caesar Vichard de. Writer 1639. 
 
 Saint-Simon, Claudius Henry, Count de. Philosopher; 
 
 Founder of St. Simonianism 1760. 
 
 Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duke de. (Memoirs 
 
 of Louis XIV.) 1675 . 
 
 Saint-Urban, Ferdinand de. Artist, Architect, Medalist 1654. 
 
 Saint-Vincent, John Francis Fauris de. Medalist & Antiq. 1718. 
 
 Saint- Vincent, John Jervis, First Earl of Admiral. Life 
 
 by E. P. Brenton, 1830; J. S. Tucker, 1844 1734. 
 
 Saint- Yves, Charles. French Oculist 1667. 
 
 Sainte-Avdaire, Louis de, Ct. Fr. Statesm. and Diplom. 1778. 
 
 Sainte-Beuve, James de. French Theologian 161 3. 
 
 Sainte-Croix, William Emanuel Joseph, Baron de. Writ. 1746, 
 
 Sainte-F6lix, Armand Philip Germain de. Marquis. 
 
 French Admiral and Administrator i737- 
 
 Sainte-Marthe, Abel de. Poet 1566. 
 
 Sainte-Marthe, Abel Louis de, nephew. General of the 
 
 Oratory. Fr. Theol. and Hist. {Orbis Christiamis) 1621. 
 
 Sainte-Marthe, Denis de. French Theologian and His- 
 torian. ( Gallia Christiana) 1650 . 
 
 Sainte-Marthe, Gaucher de, or Scaevola. ( Geneal. Hist.) 1571 . . 
 
 Sainte-Marthe, Louis de, twin-brother and Colleague . . 1571 • • 
 
A 3EIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 357 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Sainte-Marthe, Sammarihanus^ Scaevola, or Gaucher de. 
 
 Writer and Latin Poet ; 1536. • 
 
 Sainte-Palaye, John Baptist de la Curne de. ( Chivalry) 1697. . 
 
 Saladin. Sultan. Life by Abulfeda ; Bohadini, 1732, . . 1137.. 
 
 Salario, Andrew, of Milan. Painter 1487 . . 
 
 Saldanha Oliveixa, John Charles. Portuguese Statesm. 1791 . . 
 
 Salden, William. Dutch Divine. { Otia Theologica) — .. 
 
 Salej George. Orientalist. {Koran) 1680. . 
 
 Sale, Sir Robt. Henry. Maj .-Gen. ; Defender of Jellalabad 1 782 . . 
 
 Salerne, Francis, of Orleans. Physician and Naturalist — . . 
 
 Sales, Francis de, St. Titular Bishop of Geneva. Devo- 
 tional Writer. Life by MarsoUier ; Cotolendi 1567. . 
 
 Sales, Louis de. Commander. Life by ^o^^ffi^r, 1708. .. 1577. . 
 
 Salfl, Francis. Ital. Writer. Ed. oi Literary Hist, v^' Italy 1759. . 
 
 Salian, or Sallian, James. French Jesuit. ( Ecclesiastical 
 
 Annals of Old Testament) ^SS7- • 
 
 Saliceti, Christopher, of Corsica. Fr. Administrat. in Italy 1757 
 
 Salieri, Anthony. Italian Musical Composer 1750 
 
 Salih ben Bahleh. Indian Physician at Bagdad , ti. 800? 
 
 Salimbeni, Ventura. Bevilaqua. Italian Painter 1557 
 
 Salinas, Francis de. Spanish Writer on Music 1512'. 
 
 Salisbury, Ela, Countess of — . . 
 
 Salisbury, John of. Bishop of Chartres. Writer mo. . 
 
 Salisbury, Margaret Pole, Countess of; beheaded — . . 
 
 Salisbury, Robert Cecil, First Earl of. Statesman iSSo'^- 
 
 Salisbury, Thomas de Montacute, Fourth Earl of; slain 
 
 at Orleans — . . 
 
 Salisbury, Wm. Welsh Lawyer; Transl. of the Liturgy — aft. 
 
 Salisbury, William Longesp(5e, Earl of. Warrior — . . 
 
 Salle, John Baptist de la. French Ecclesiastic 1651 . . 
 
 Sallengre, Albert Henry de. Dutch Scholar 1694. . 
 
 Sallet, Frederick von. German Poet 1812, . 
 
 Sallo, Denis de. Originator of Literary Journals 1626. . 
 
 Sallust. Roman Historian. L. by Dr.'Steuart; Dr. Rose 86.34 
 Salmasius, or Saumaise, Claudius. Universal Scholar. 
 
 Life by Clement 1588 
 
 Salmeron, Alphonso. Commentator. Lifeby Ribadeneira 1516 
 Salmon, Nathaniel. Antiquary. {Lives of Bishops) ... . — 
 
 Salmon, Thomas, brother. Historical Writer — 
 
 Salmon, William. Empiric and' Writer — 
 
 Salomon, Haym. American Financier 1740 
 
 Salomon, John Peter. German Violinist and Composer 1745 
 
 Salonina. Roman Empress, wife of Gallienus — , 
 
 Salt, Henry. Consul-General in Egypt. L. by Halls, 1834 — 
 
 Salt, W. Antiquary 
 
 Salter, Rev. Samuel. Master of Charter-House School . . — 
 Salutatio, Lino Coluccio Pierio. Scholar & Poet Laureate 1330 , 
 Salvandy, Narcisse Achille, Count de. Political Writer 1796 
 
 Salvator Rosa. Painter, Poet, Architect, Actor 161 5 
 
 Salverte, Anne Jos. Eusebius Baconniere de. Fr. Writ. 1771 
 
 Salvi, John Baptist. Sassoferrato. Italian Painter 1605 , 
 
 Salvi, Nicholas. Italian Architect 1699 
 
 Salviani, Hippolytus. Italian Physician and Naturalist. 
 
 {History of Fishes) 1514. .11572 
 
 fi 
 
 559 
 861 
 694 
 736 
 845 
 760 
 
 622 
 
 654 
 832 
 
 640 
 
 809 
 825 
 
 613 
 690 
 263 
 180 
 
 541 
 612 
 
 428 
 567 
 226 
 719 
 723 
 843 
 669 
 
 B.C. 
 
 %\ 
 
 742 
 
 743 
 700? 
 
 785 
 815 
 268 
 827 
 863 
 
 406 
 856 
 673 
 
 ^I 
 
 752 
 
358 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Salvianus. Presbyter of Marseilles. (De Providentid) — . . 495? 
 
 Salviati, II. Francis Rossi. Florentine Painter 1 5 10. . 1563 
 
 Salviati, Joseph. Porta. Venetian Painter i535 • -1585 
 
 Salviati, Leonard. Italian Dramatist and Critic i540- -1589 
 
 Salvini, Anthony Mary. Greek Scholar and Translator 
 
 of Florence 1653. .1729 
 
 Salvini, Salvino. {Fasti Consolari delle^ Acad. Fioi'entina) 1667. .1751 
 Salzraanu, Christian Gotthilf. German Protestant Cler- 
 gyman and Teacher 1 744 . . 181 1 
 
 Sambucus, John. Hungarian Scholar and Historian. . . 1531 . . 1584 
 Samerius, Henry, of Luxembourg. Jesuit. ( Chron. Sacra) 1540. . 1610 
 
 Sammarthanus. See Sainte-Marthe 1536. . 1623 
 
 Sampson, Thomas. Dean of Christ Ch. Puritan Divine 1517 . .1589 
 
 Samsoe, Olaus John. Danish Writer i759- • 1796 
 
 SaiQSon. Judge of Israel fl. 12th c. B.C. 
 
 Samuel. Last of the Judges of Israel — bef 1060 b.c. 
 
 Samwell, David. Surgeon with Captain Cook — . .1799 
 
 Sanadon, Noel Stephen. Translator of Horace 1676. .1733 
 
 Sanchez, Anthony Nunes Ribeiro. Port. Phys. & Philos. 1699. .1783 
 Sancliez, Francis. El Brocense. Grammarian. {Minerva) is^zt,. .1601 
 Sanchez, Francis. Physician. Commentator on Aristotle — 1632 
 Sanchez, or Sanctius, Gaspar. Jesuit. Commentator., 1553''. 1628 
 Sanchez, Thomas, of Cordova. Jesuit. { Monastic Voics) it^c^o. .1610 
 Sanchez de Arevalo, or Sanctius, Roderick. Spanish 
 
 Bishop and Writer 1404. . 1470 
 
 Sancho, Ignatius. Literary Negro. Life by Jekj'U .... 1729. . 1780 
 
 Sanchoniathon. Phoenician Writer fl. 14th c? b.c. 
 
 Sancroft, William. Archbishop of Canterbury (1677-89). 
 
 Nonj urer. Life by Dr. G. D'Oyly 1616 . . 1693 
 
 Sanctius. See Sanchez. 
 
 Sanctorius, Sanctorius, of Venice. {De Staticd Medicind) 1561 . . 1636 
 
 Sand, Charles Louis. Murderer of Kotzebue i795 • • 1820 
 
 Sandby, Paul, r. a. Artist 1 732 . . 1809 
 
 Sandby, Thomas, r. a., brother. Artist and Architect. . 1721. .1798 
 
 Sandeman, Robert. Scottish Sectary 1723. .1771 
 
 Sanders, Nich. Rom. Cath. Div. {Schismatis Anglicani) 1527?. 1580 
 
 Sanders, Robert. Scottish Novelist and Compiler 1729?. 1783 
 
 Sanderson, John. American Author 1783. .1844 
 
 Sanderson, Robert. Bp. of Lincoln. L.by Walton, 1678 1587. .1663 
 Sanderson, Robert. Antiquary. Continuator of Rymer 1660. .1741 
 Sanderus, or Sander, Anthony. Flem. Topog. and Biog. 1586. . 1664 
 Sandford, Sir Daniel Ke^^te, d. c. l. Greek Professor . . — . . 1838 
 Sandford, Francis. Herald. {Genealogical Hist. England) 1630.. 1693 
 
 Sandini, Anthony. Italian Ecclesiastical Historian 1692.. 1751 
 
 Sandius, Christopher. Van den Sand. Prussian Unitarian 1644. .1680 
 
 Sandoval, Fray Prudencio de. Spanish Historian 1560''. 1621 
 
 Sandrart, Joachim von. Ger. Paint. {Acad. Artis Pictorice) 1606. .1688 
 
 Sands, Robert Charles. American Author i799- •1832 
 
 Sandwich, Edward Montagu, First Earl of. Naval Com- 
 mander. Life by Cooke, 1799 1625 . . 1672 
 
 Sandwich, John Montagu, Fourth Earl of L. by Cooke 1718. .1792 
 Sandys, Edwin. Archbp. of York. L. by Dr.Whitaker 1519. .1588 
 Sandys, Sir Edwin. Envoy & Writer. {Europce Speculum) is,6i^.i62g 
 Sandys, George, brother. Traveler and Poet i577- • 1644 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 359 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Sanford, Nathan. American Statesman and Jurist i779- • 1838 
 
 Sangallo, Anthony. Sculptor, Architect, Agriculturist. . — ••i534 
 
 Sangallo, Anthony de. Italian Architect 1482? . 1546 
 
 Sangallo, Julian. Italian Architect I443- -1517 
 
 Sankaracharya. Sanskrit Theologian and Philosopher fl. 1000 
 Sanmicheli, Michael. Ital. Civil and Military Architect 1484. .1559 
 Sannazarius, or Sannazaro, James. Italian Poet. {De 
 
 Partu Vir girds) 1458 . . 1 530 
 
 Sansevero, Raymond di Sangro, of Naples. Inventor 
 
 and Discoverer 1710. .1771 
 
 Sanson, Adrian. Geographer — . .1718 
 
 Sanson, Nicholas. Geographer. Life by H. Sanson, 1863 1600. . 1667 
 
 Sanson, Nicholas, son. Geographer. {Europe) — . . 1648 
 
 Sanson, William, brother. Geographer — . .1705 
 
 Sansovino, Francis. Scholar and Printer. ( Venice). . . . 1521 . .1586 
 
 Sansovino, James. TatU. Sculptor and Architect 1479- -1570 
 
 Santa Cruz de Marzenado, Alvar de Navia Osorio, 
 
 Marquis of. Spanish Soldier and Diplomatist 1687?. 1732 
 
 Santana, Peter. Ex-President and Gen. of San Domingo — . . 1864 
 Santander, Francis de Paula. President of New Granada 1 792 . . 1840 
 
 Santerre, Anthony Joseph. French Revolutionist 1752. .1809 
 
 Santerre, John Baptist. French Historical Painter 165 1. .1717 
 
 Santeul, Claude. French Ecclesiastic. Latin Poet 1627?. 1684 
 
 Santeul, or Santolius, John Baptist. Latin Poet 1630, .1697 
 
 Santi di Titi. Florentine Historical and Portrait Painter 1538 . . 1603 
 Sfintillana, Inigo Lopez de Mendoza, Marquis of. Span- 
 ish Poet and Statesman 1398. . 1458 
 
 Santorio, or Sanctorius (g. v.). Italian Physician 1561 . . 1636 
 
 Sanuto, Marino. Torselto. Venetian Traveler — aft. 1329 
 
 Sanz, Augustine. Spanish Architect 1724. . 1801 
 
 Sanzio, Raphael. Raphael. Italian Painter 1483. .1520 
 
 Sapor I., or Shahpor. King of Persia (240-73) — . . 273 
 
 Sapor II. (310-81.) Postumm 310. . 381 
 
 Sapor III. (385-90) — . . 390 
 
 Sappho. Greek Poetess fl. 61 1-592 B.C. 
 
 Sarah, wife of Abraham 1986 . 1859 B.C. 
 
 Sarasin, or Sarrasin, John Francis. Fr. Poet and Writer 1603''. 1654 
 Saravia, Hadrian. English Divine ; Friend of Hooker. . 1531..1613 
 
 Sarazin, James. French Sculptor 1590- • 1660 
 
 Sarazin, John. French Marshal; served under England 1770. .1840? 
 Sarbievius, or Sarbiewski, Matthias Casimir. Polish Poet 1595 . . 1642 
 
 Sardanapalus. King of Nineveh — . . 876? 
 
 Sarjeant, John. Smith. Secular Priest. Controversialist 1621 ? . 1 707 
 
 Sarnelli, Pompey. Italian Prelate and Writer 1649. .1724 
 
 Sarpi, Paul. Father Paul. Theologian, &c. {Ccnincilof 
 
 Trent. ) Life by Fulgentio, 1651 ; Sir H. Wotton ; Abp. 
 
 G. Fontanini, 1803; A. Blanchi; Giovanni, 1836 1552. .1623 
 
 Sarrasin, John Francis. French Poet and Prose Writer 1603'. 1654 
 
 Sarti, Joseph. Italian Musical Composer 1730- • 1802 
 
 Sarto, Andrea Vanucci del. Painter 1488. .1530 
 
 Sartorius, Ernest William Christian. German Theologian 1 797 . . 1859 
 Sartorius, George Frederick Christopher, Baron von 
 
 Waltershausen. German Historian 1765 . . 1828 
 
 Sassoferrato. John Baptist Salvi. Italian Fainter 1605 . . 1685 
 
360 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Saul. First King of Israel (b. c. 1095-1055) — B.c.1055 
 
 Saumaise, or Salmasius, which see 1588. . 1653 
 
 Saumarez, or Sausmarez, James, Lord de. Admiral. 
 
 Life by Sir John Ross, 1808 : . . 1757 . . 1836 
 
 Saunders, Sir Edmund. Lord Chief Justice. {Repwis) 1600?. 1683 
 
 Saunders, Prince. Attornej'-General of Hayti 1775?. 1840 
 
 Saunders, Richard. Astrological Writer — . . 1680 
 
 Saunderson, Nicholas, ll,. d., of Cambridge. Mathema- 
 tician. {Algebra) 1682. .1739 
 
 Saurin, Bernard Joseph. French Dramatic Writer 1706. .1781 
 
 Saurin, Elias. Piedmontese Protestant Divine i^39- • 1703 
 
 Saurin, James. French Prot. Preacher. . L. bj' Robinson 1677. .1730 
 Savirin, Joseph. French Mathematician. Life by self . . 1659. . 1737 
 
 Saurin, William. Irish Lawyer 1767. . 1839 
 
 Saussure, Albertine Adrienne Necker de. Writer 1766. . 1841 
 
 Saussure, Horace Benedict de. Naturalist and Alpine 
 
 Traveler. Life by Senebier 1740. .1799 
 
 Saussure, Nicholas de, of Geneva. Agricultural Writer 1709. .1790 
 Saussure, Nich. Theo. de. Chemist, Mineralogist, & Geol. 1767. . 1845 
 Sauvages, Francis Boissier de. Physician and Botanist 1706. .1767 
 Sauval, Henry, of Paris. (Hist, ana Antiquities of Paris) 1620?. 1670 
 
 Sauveur, Joseph. French Mathematician 1653. . 1716 
 
 Savage, Richard. Poet. Life by Dr. Johnson 1698. .1743 
 
 Savage, William. [Dictionary of Printing) 1 77i • . 1844 
 
 Savaron, John. French Critic and Political Writer 1550?. 1622 
 
 Savary> Anne John Mary Ren^, Dk. of Rovigo. Fr. Gen. 1774. • ^^3Z 
 Savary, James. French Negotiator. ( Code Savary). . . . 1622. .1690 
 Savary, Nicholas. French Traveler. {Life of Marwmei ; 
 
 Letters on Eyypt) i75o- .1788 
 
 Savary des Brulons, James. {Dictionnairede Commerce) 1657.. 1716 
 Saverein, Alexander. Fr. Mathematician & Philosopher 1720. . 1805 
 
 Savery, Roland. Flemish Painter 1576. . 1639 
 
 Savigny, Frederick Charles von. German Jurist. (^0- 
 
 mischen Eechts) 1779 . , 1861 
 
 Savile, Sir George, Marquess of Halifax. Statesman.... 1630?. 1695 
 
 Savile, Sir George, Bart., m. p. Politician 1725 . .1784 
 
 Savile, Sir Henry. Found, of Professorships. ( Scriptores) 1 549 . . 1622 
 Savonarola, Jerome. Italian Reformer. Life bv J. F. 
 
 Picus of Mirandola; J. S. Harford, 1837 ; J. A. Heraud, 
 
 1843; F. T. Perrens, 1854; Dr. R. R. Madden, 1855; 
 
 Pasquale Villari, translated by L. Horner, 1863 , 1452. .1498 
 
 Savot, Louis. French Physician and Antiquary 1579?. 1640 
 
 Saxe, Maurice, Count of. Marshal of France. Life, 3 
 
 vols. 12mo, 1752; Espagnac 1696. .1750 
 
 Saxe-"Weiniar, Bernard, Duke of. General in Thirty 
 
 Years' War 1600. . 1639 
 
 Saxo Grammaticus. Danish Historian ii34^- 1204? 
 
 Saxonia, Hercules. Italian Medical Writer iSSi-* 1607 
 
 Say, John Baptist. Writer on Political Economy 1767. . 1832 
 
 Say, Samuel. Dissenting Minister. Poetical Writer 1675.. 1743 
 
 Say, Thomas. American Naturalist. L. by G. Ord, 1859 1787. . 1834 
 
 Scsevola, Quintus Mucins. Augur — B.C. 88? 
 
 Scsevola, Quintus Mucius. Pontifex Maximus — B.C. 82 
 
 Scala, Alexandra. Scholar — . .1506 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 361 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Scala, Bartholomew. Statesman. {History of Florence) 1424''. 1497 
 Scaliger, Joseph. Justus. (Z>e Emendatione.) Life by 
 
 Bernays, 1855 1540. . 1609 
 
 Scaliger, Juliul Caesar. The Elder. (De Arte Poetica) 1484. .1558 
 
 Scamozzi, Vincent. Italian Architect 1552. .1616 
 
 Scanderbeg. George Castriota. Prince of Albania. 
 Soldier. Life bv Marinus Barletius, 1537 ; Du Poncet ; 
 
 C. Paganel, 1856 ; C. C Moore, 1850 1404. . 1467? 
 
 Scapula, John. ( Greeh Lexicon) 1 540? . 1600 
 
 Scarborough, Sir Charles. Physician & Mathematician i6i6?.i693 
 Scarcellino, Lo. Hippolytus Scarsella. Italian Painter 1560. .1621 
 Scarella, John Bapt., of Brescia. Newtonian Philosopher 1 709 . . 1 779 
 
 ScargiU, W. P. Writer — . .1836 
 
 Scarlatti, Alexander. II Cavaliere. Italian Composer. . 1659''. 1725 
 
 Scarlatti, Dominic, son. Musical Composer 1683 . .1757 
 
 Scarlatti, Joseph. Musical Composer 1718. .1776 
 
 Scarlett, James, First Lord Abinger. Judge 1769. . 1844 
 
 Scarpa, Anthony. Italian Medical Writer 1748. . 1832 
 
 Scarron, Paul. Comic Poet. {Roman Comique) 1610?. 1660 
 
 Scaurus, Marcus ^Emilius. Consul and Censor 163. 89!" b.c. 
 
 Schaaf, Charles. German Orientalist ' 1646. .1719 
 
 Sch.adow, John Geoffrey. Sculptor 1764. . 1850 
 
 Schadow, John Ridolfo, son. Sculptor 1786. . 1822 
 
 Schaefer, or-Schafer, Geoffrey Henry. Philologist 1764. .1840 
 
 Schaeffer, or Schaffer, Jacob Christian. German Philos- 
 opher and Naturalist 1718. .1790 
 
 Schaeffer, or Schaffer, Peter. Printer — . .1502? 
 
 Schafarik, or Safarik {q. v.), Paul Joseph. Slavic Writer 1795 . . 1^61 
 Schafei, Mohammed Ben Edris. Mohammedan Jurist. . 767.. 819 
 Schagen, Giles van. Historical and Portrait Painter . . . 1616. .1668 
 
 Schalcken, Godfrey. Dutch Painter 1643- .1706 
 
 Schall, John Adam. Jesuit Missionary in China 1591 • • 1669? 
 
 Schank, John. Scottish Admiral and Naval Architect. . 1746''. 1823 
 Scharnhorst, Gebhard David von. German Soldier. . . . 1756. .1813 
 Schatten, Nicholas. Ger. Jesuit. {Historia Westpharm) i6oS. .1676 
 
 Schatz, George. German Critic 1 763 .. 1795 
 
 Schauffelein, or Scheuffelin, Hans Leonard. Engraver 1487^1550 
 
 Schedius, Paul. Melissus. German Latin Poet i539- • 1602 
 
 Schedone, or Schidoni, Bartholomew. Italian Painter. . 1560. . 1616 
 
 Scheele, Charles William. Swedish Chemist 1742. .1786 
 
 Scheemakers, Peter. Flemish Sculptor 1691 . .1773' 
 
 Schefifer, Arnold. French Historical and Political Writer 1 796 • . 1853 
 Schefifer, Ary. Fr. Hist. Painter. L. by Mrs. Grote, 1860 1795 . . 1858 
 
 SchefPer, Henry. French Historical Painter i799'- 1862 
 
 Schefifer, Henry Theophilus. Swedish Chemist 1710. .1759 
 
 Schefifer, John. German Philologist and Antiquary 1621 . . 1679 
 
 Schegkins, James. German Theologian '. — . . 1587 
 
 Scheid, Everard. German Orientalist 1742 . . 1795 
 
 Scheldt, Balthasar. Ger. Talmudist and Biblical Writer 1614. . 1670 
 Scheldt, Christian Louis. Jurist. {Origines Guelphicce) 1709.. 1761 
 Scheiner, Christopher. Ger. Mathem. and Astronomer 1575. .1650 
 Schelhammer, Gonthier Christopher. Medical Writer. . 1649. . 1716 
 Scheller, Immanuel John Gerhard. German Philologist. 
 
 {Latin-German Dictionary) 1735 . . 1803 
 
362 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOKN. DIED. 
 
 Sclielling, Frederick Augustus. German Novelist 1766. .1839 
 
 Sclxelliag, Frederick William Joseph. Ger. Metaphysician 1 775 . . 1854 
 
 Schellinks, Daniel. Dutch Landscape Painter 1633 . .1701 
 
 Schellinks, William, brother. Dutch Painter A .. . 1631 . . 1678 
 
 Schelstraate, Emanuel, of Antwerp. (Antiq. Ecdesice) 1649.. 1692 
 
 Schenck, John, of Grafenburg. Medical Writer 1531 . . 1598 
 
 Schenck, John George, son. Medical Writer at the Hague — . . 1620? 
 Schenckius, John Theodore, of Jena. Medical Writer. . i6i9?.i67i 
 Sch6rer, Bartholomew Louis Joseph. Fr. Republican Gen. 1747.. 1804 
 Scheuchzer, John James, of Zurich. Mathem. and Phj^s. 1672 . . i y;^;^ 
 
 Scheuffelin, Hans Leonard. German Engraver 1487?. 1550 
 
 Schiavone, Andrew. Medula. Venetian Painter 1522. .1582 
 
 Schiavonetti, Louis. Italian Engraver in England 1765 . . 1810 
 
 Schickard, William. Astronomer and Orientalist. {Se- 
 ries Regum Persice) 1592. . 1635 
 
 Schidoni, or Schedone, Bartholomew. Italian Painter. . 1560. .1616 
 Schill, Ferdinand von. Prussian Partisan Officer. Life 
 
 by J. C. L. Haken, 1824; H. Doring, 1838 1776. .1809 
 
 Schiller, John Christopher Frederick von. Historian and 
 Dramatic Writer. ( Thirty Years^ War.) Life by Do- 
 ring; Mme. von Wolzogen; Hoflfmeister; Palleske, 
 translated into English by Lady Wallace, 1859 ; Car- 
 
 lyle ; Sir Bulwer Lytton I759- • 1805 
 
 Schilling, Diebold, of Soleure. ( Wars against Charles 
 
 the Bold) fl. 15th c. 
 
 Schiltberger, John, of Mimich. Traveler — . . 1405 
 
 Schiimnelpenninck, Mary Anne. {Fo7't Royal; Auto- 
 biography) 1778. . 1856 
 
 Schiminelpenninck, Rutger John. Dutch Statesman.. 1761. .1825 
 Schinkel, Charles Frederick. Ger. Architectural Artist 1781..1841 
 Schlagintweit, Adolphus. German Savant and Traveler 1829. .1857 
 
 Schlatter, Michael. Missionary 1716. .1790 
 
 Schlegel, Augustus William von. ( Greek Drama) 1767. .1845 
 
 Schlegel, Frederick Charles William von, brother. {Phi- 
 losophy of History) 1772. .1829 
 
 Schlegel, John Adolphus. Ger. Theologian and Preacher 1721 . . 1793 
 Schlegel, John Elias, br. Dramatic and Poetical Writer 171 8. .1749 
 Schlegel, John Henry, br. Danish Historiographer Royal 1 724 . . 1 780 
 Schleiermacher, Frederick Daniel Ernest, d. d. Ger. 
 
 Divine, Philos. and Philol. L. by self (till 1794), 1851 1768. . 1834 
 
 Schleusner, John Frederick. Lexicographer i759- • 1831 
 
 Schlictingius, Jonas. Polish Socinian. Bib. Comment. 1596. .1664 
 Schlosser, Frederick Christopher. German Historian. . . 1776. . 1861 
 Schlozer, or Schloezer, Augustus Louis von. German 
 Political and Historical Writer. ( History of Lithua- 
 nia.) Life by C. von Schlozer, 1828 1737. . 1809 
 
 Schmauss, John James. German Historian and Publicist 1690 . . 1 747 
 
 Schmeitzel, Martin. German Historical Writer 1679. .1747 
 
 Schmeller, John Andrew. German Philologist 1785 • . 1852 
 
 Schmidt, Erasmus. Editor of Pindar. ( Concordance of 
 
 Greek Testament) 1560. . 1637 
 
 Schmidt, George Frederick. Engraver 1712. .1775 
 
 Schmidt, John Andrew. German Lutheran Divine 1652. .1726 
 
 Schmith, Nicholas. Hungarian Jesuit. Hist. Writer. . —..1767 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 363 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Schmucker, Samuel Mosheim, ll. d. American Author 1 823 . . 
 Schneider, Conrad Victor. Ger. Physician & Anatomist 1610. . 
 Schneider, John Christian Fredericlc. Musical Composer 1 785 . . 
 Schneider, John Gottlob. Philologist and Naturalist . . 1750. . 
 
 Schneider, Dr. John Gottlob. German Organist 1789. . 
 
 Schnorr von Karolsfeld, Julius. German Painter 1 794 . . 
 
 Schniirrer, Christian Frederick. {Biblioiheca Arabica) . . 1 742 . . 
 Schoeffer, or SchofFer, Peter. Printer; Partner of Fust, . 1430^ 
 Schoeraann, George Frederick. (Athenian Assemblies) . . 1793. • 
 
 Schoepflin, John Daniel. Historical Writer 1694. • 
 
 Schoettgen, Christian. Ger. Philol. {Horce Hebraicce) . 16S7 . . 
 Scholefield, Rev. James, of Cambridge. Professor. Life 
 
 by Mrs. Scholefield, 1855 1789. . 
 
 Scholz, John Matthias Augustus. Philologist i794- • 
 
 Schomann, George Frederick. {Athenian Assemblies). . 1793.. 
 Schomberg, Frederick Herman, Ct. Gen. ; fell at Boyne 1615''. 
 Schomberg, Henry, Count du. Marshal of France. .". . . 1583. . 
 Schomberg, Isaac. Naval Officer. {Naval Chronology) -1- . . 
 
 Schomburgk, Otto. Writer 1810. . 
 
 Schomburgk, Sir Robt. Herman, br. Traveler and Nat. 1804. . 
 Schon, or Schongauer, Martin. Painter and Engraver . . 1420?, 
 Schoner, John. German Mathematician and Astrologer 1477. . 
 Schoning, or Schonning, Gerard. Norwegian Writer . . 1722. . 
 Schooekius, Martin. Dutch Critic and Miscel. Writer . . 1614. . 
 Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, ll. d. Amer. Ethnol. & Auth. 1793. . 
 
 Schoonfleld, John Henry. German Painter 1619''. 
 
 Schoonjans, Anthony. Dutch Painter at Vienna 1655 . . 
 
 Schoorel, or Schorel, John. Flemish Painter 1495 . . 
 
 Schooten, Francis. Dutch Mathematician — . . 
 
 Schopenhauer, Adele. German Writer — . . 
 
 Schopenhauer, Arthur. German Philosopher 1788. . 
 
 Schopenhauer, Johanna, wife. Authoress. Life by self 1770. . 
 
 Schopflin, John Daniel. Historical Writer 1694. . 
 
 Schorel, or Schoorel, John. Flemish Painter 1495 . . 
 
 Schotanus, Christian. Frisian Historical Writer 1603. . 
 
 Schott, Andrew. Dutch Jesuit. Philol. and Biographer 1552. . 
 Schott, Gaspar. Jesuit. Experimental Philosopher. ... 1608. . 
 Schottgen, Christian. Ger. Philologist. { Eorce Hebraicce) 16S7 .. : 
 
 Schouw, Joachim Frederick. Danish Botanist 1789. . 
 
 Schrevelius, Cornelius. (Lexicon) 1614'. 1664 
 
 Schroeckh, or Schrockh, John Matthew. Ger. Ch. Hist. 1733. 
 Schroeder, or Schroder, Fred. Louis. Ger. Actor & Dram. 1 744 . 
 Schroeder, or Schroder, John Joachim. Orientalist. . . . 1680. 
 Schroeter, or Schroter, John Samuel. German Musician 1750. 
 
 Schryver, or Scriverius, Peter. (Batavia lUustrata) 1576. 
 
 Schubart, Christian Fred. Daniel. Ger. Poet & Musician 1739. 
 Schubert, Francis. Ger. Musical Composer. (Xiet/er) . 1797. 
 
 Schubert, Gotthilf Henry von. German Mystic 1780. 
 
 Schultens, Albert. Hebraist and Biblical Commentator 1686. 
 
 Schultens, Henry Albert. Hebraist i749- 
 
 Schviltens, John Jacob. Orientalist 1716. 
 
 Schultet, Abraham. Scultetus. Ger. ProtestanfDivine. 1556. 
 
 Schulting, Anthony. German Jurist 1659. 
 
 Schultze, Benjamin. Philologist 1761 • 
 
 863 
 680 
 
 853 
 822 
 864 
 
 822 
 502? 
 
 771 
 751 
 
 ?53 
 852 
 
 690 
 632 
 813 
 
 857 
 865 
 486 
 
 780 
 669 
 864 
 689 
 726 
 562 
 659 
 
 849 
 860 
 838 
 771 
 562 
 671 
 629 
 666 
 
 852 
 or 7 
 808 
 
 756 
 788 
 660 
 791 
 828 
 860 
 750 
 
 793 
 778 
 625 
 734 
 833 
 
364 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Schulze, Ernest Conrad Frederick. German Poet 1789. . 181 7 
 
 Sch.ulze, John Henry. Anatomist and Scholar 1687. .1744 
 
 Schumacher, Henry Christian. Dutch Astronomer 1780. .1850 
 
 Schuraann, Robert. German Musical Composer i8i5''.i856 
 
 Schurmann, Anna Maria. German Scholar and Mystic 1607. .1678 
 
 Schurtzfleisch, Conrad Samuel. Gei-man Writer 164 1 . .1708 
 
 Schuster, Ignatius, of Vienna. Comedian i779- -1835 
 
 Schut, Cornelius, of Antwerp. Painter 1600. . 1660 
 
 Schuur, Theodore van der. Dutch Painter 1628. , 1705 
 
 Schuyler, Philip. Amer. General. Life by Lossing, 1860 1 733 . .1804 
 
 Schwab, Gustavus. German Author 1792. . 1850 
 
 Schwab, Lamprecht. See Suavius 1506. .1565 
 
 Schwanhard, Geo. Lapidary at Prague and Nuremberg 1601 . . 1667 
 Schwanhard, George, son. Lapidary at Nuremberg ... — . . 1676 
 Schwanthaler, Louis Michael von. "German Sculptor. . 1802. .1848 
 
 Schwartz, Berthold. German Monk and Alchemist fl. 1340? 
 
 Schwartz, Christopher. Painter 1550- -1594 
 
 Schwartzenberg, Chas. Philip, Prince. Austr. General 1771 . .1820 
 Schwartzenberg, Felix. Prince. Austrian Statesman 1800. .1852 
 Schwarz, Christian Fred. Missionary. L. by Pearson, 1834 1726.. 1798 
 Schwegler, Albert. German Theologian and Historian. 1819. .1857 
 
 Schweighaeuser, John. {Lexicon Herodotum) 1742. . 1830 
 
 Schweinitz, Lewis David von. Amer. Divine & Botanist 1780. .1834 
 
 Schwenkfeld, Caspar von. Religious Enthusiast 1490- .1561? 
 
 Schwerin, Kurt Christopher, Count. Prussian General ; 
 
 fell at Prague 1684. .1757 
 
 Schyndal, or Schendal, Bernard. Dutch Painter 1659. .1716 
 
 Scina, Dominic, of Palermo. Mathematician 1765 . . 1837 
 
 Scioppius, Caspar. German Philologist and Latinist. . . 1576 . . 1649 
 Scipio Africanus, Major. General in 2d Punic War . . b.c. 234. 183? 
 Scipio AMcanus, Minor. General in 3d Punic War. . 185 . 129 b.c. 
 
 Sclater, William. Poet and Historian — . . 1647 
 
 Scopas. Greek Architect and Sculptor ti. 395-350 b.c. 
 
 Scopoli, John Anthony. Ital. Naturalist and Physician 1725. .1788 
 
 Scoresby, William. Arctic Navigator 1760 . . 1829? 
 
 Scoresby, Rev. William, d. d., son. Arctic Navigator. 
 Naval Writer. {Arctic Voyages; Discourses to Sea- 
 men.) _ Life by R. E. Scoresby' Jackson, 1861 . . 1790. . 1857 
 
 Scorza, Sinibaldo, of Voltaggio. Painter and Engraver. . 1589 . . 163 1 
 
 Scot, Reginald. {Discoverie of Witchcraft) 1545 . .1599 
 
 Scott, Alexander. Scottish f'oet fl. 1562 
 
 Scott, Daniel, LL. D. Biblical Writer. {On the Trinittj) — ..1759 
 
 Scott, David. {History of Scotland. ) 1675 . .1742 
 
 Scott, David. Scottish Painter and Writer. Life by W. 
 
 B. Scott, 1850 1806. .1849 
 
 Scott, Sir Francis Edward. Writer on Art — . . 1863 
 
 Scott, Helenus, M.D. Scot. Phys. {Adventures of a Rtipee) — ..1821 
 Scott, Rev. James. English Pulpit Orator and Politician 1733. .1814 
 Scott, Rev. John, d. d. English Divine. ( Christian Life) 1638. .1694 
 
 Scott, John. Quaker, of Am well. Poet i739- • 1783 
 
 Scott, John. Writer. ( View of Paris) — . . 1821 
 
 Scott, John, Lord Eldon {q. v.). Lord Chancellor 1751 • • 1838 
 
 Scott, Sir Michael. Occult Philosopher — . . 1291 ? 
 
 Scott, Michael. ( Tom Cringle'' s Log) 1789. . 1835 
 
 Scott, Samuel. Landscape Painter — . .1772 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 365 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Scott, Rev. Thomas. Commentator. Life by gon 1747 . . 1821 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. Novelist and Poet. Life by Lockhart 1771 . . 1832 
 Scott, William, Lord Stowell (q. v.). Admiralty Judge. 1745. .1836 
 
 Scotti, Marcellus Eusebius. Neapolitan Writer 1742. . 1800 
 
 Scotus, John. Erigena. Schoolrhan — . . 875? 
 
 Scotus, John Duns. Schoolman 1265?. 1308 
 
 Scougal, Henry. Scot. Divine. {Life of Godin the Soul) 1650 . . 1678 
 Scribe, Augustine Eugene. French Dramatic Writer. . . 1791 . . 1861 
 Scriverius, or Schryver, Peter. Dutch Historical Writer 1576. . 1660 
 
 Scroggs, Sir William. Lord Chief Justice — . . 1683 
 
 Scrope, of Masham, Henry, Ld. ; beheaded for Conspiracy' — .-1415 
 Scrope, Richard. Abp. of York (1398-1405). Beheaded —..1405 
 
 Scudder, John, m. d. American Missionary i793- -i^SS 
 
 Scud6ry, or Scud^ri, George de. Fr. Poet and Dramatist 1601 . . 1667 
 Scud6ry, Mdlle. Magdalen de, sister. French Romancist 1607 . . 1701 
 
 Scultetus, Abraham. German Protestant Divine 1556- .1625 
 
 Scultetus, or Schultz, John. Dutch Surgeon 1595 . . 1645 
 
 Scylitzes. Byzantine Historian fl. 1080 
 
 Seabury, Samuel, d. d. American Divine; Bishop 1729. .1796 
 
 Sealsfleld, Charles. American Novelist 1797?. 1864 
 
 Seaton, Sir John Colborne, Lord. Field Marshal. Gov- 
 ernor-General of Canada i779- -1863 
 
 Seaton, Rev. Thomas. Founder of Prize — ••1741 
 
 Seba, Albert. Dutch Naturalist 1665 . . 1736 
 
 Sebastian, St. Roman Martyr 255?. 288 
 
 Sebastian. King of Portugal (1557-78). Warrior 1554. .1578 
 
 S6bastiani, Horace Francis, Count. Fr. Gen. and Diplom. 1776. . 1851 
 
 Sebastiano del Piombo. Italian Painter 1485 . . 1547 
 
 Seber, Wolfgang. Ger. Philosopher and Divine, (/wrfea;) 1573. .1634 
 
 Sebizus, John Albert. Medical Writer 1615 . . 1685 
 
 Sebizus, or Sebisch, Melchior, of Strasburg. Med. Writer 1 5 78 . . 1674 
 Sebonde, Raymond de. Philos., Physician, Theologian — ••1432 
 Seckendorf, Frederick Henry, Ct. Gen. and Diplomatist 1673. .1763 
 Seekendorf, Vitus Louis von. Ger. Statesman and Hist. 1626. . 1692 
 Seeker, Thomas. Archbishop of Canterbury (1758-68). 
 
 Life by Bishop Porteus 1693 • -1768 
 
 Secousse, Denis Francis. French Historical Writer 1691 . .1754 
 
 Secundus, Johannes. John Everard. Dutch Statesman ; 
 
 Latin Poet 1511..1536 
 
 Securis, John. English Physician and Writer fl. 1580 
 
 S6daine, Michael John. French Dramatic Writer 1719- -1797 
 
 Sedano, John Joseph Lopez de. Spanish Antiquary. 
 
 (Parnaso Espanol) 1 729 . . 1801 
 
 Sedgwick, John. American General 181 5?. 1864 
 
 Sedgwick, Theodore. American Statesman and Jurist. 1746. .1813 
 
 Sedgwick, Theodore, son. Lawyer and Writer 1780. . 1839 
 
 Sedgwick, Theodore, son. Lawyer and Writer 1811 . . 1859 
 
 Sedley, Catherine, Countess of Dorchester — . . 1692 
 
 Sedley, Sir Charles. Wit, Courtier, and Poet 1639?. 1 701 
 
 Sedulius, Caius Caelius, of Rome. ( Carmen Paschale). . fl. 5th c. 
 
 Seed, Rev. Jeremiah. Divine. {Sermons) — ••i747 
 
 Seetzen, Ulric Jasper. German Traveler and Naturalist 1767. .1811 
 Sefstroem, or Sefstrom, Nils Gabriel. Swedish Chemist 1787. .1854 
 Segar, Sir Wm. Herald. {Honor, Civil and MUiiary). . — -.1633 
 Sogers, Daniel. Dutch Painter 1590 • • 1660 
 
866 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Sogers, or Seghers, Gerard, brother. Painter 1589. . 165 1 
 
 Segneri, Paul. Italian Preacher. Life by Maffei 1624. . 1694 
 
 Segni, Bernard. Italian Historian — • • ^f 55^ 
 
 Segrais, John Regnault de. French Poet and Novelist . 1624. .1701 
 S6gvder, Anthony Louis. French Judge and Statesman 1726.. 1792 
 Siguier, John Francis. French Botanist and Medalist. , 1703. .1784 
 Siguier, Peter. President of the Parliament of Paris. . . 1504. . 1580 
 
 Siguier, Peter. President of the French Academy 1588. .1672 
 
 S6guier, Wm. Virtuoso. Keeper, British Institution. . 1772. .1844 
 S6gur, Joseph Alexander, Viscount de. French Writer 1756. .1805 
 S6gur, Louis Philip, Count de. Diplom. and Hist. Writer 1 753 .. 1830 
 S6gur, Philip Henry, Marquis de. Marshal of France. . . 1724. . 1801 
 S6giir, Philip Paul, Count de. General of Bonaparte . . . 1780. . — 
 Seignette, Peter. Apothecary at Rochelle. Inventor of 
 
 Seignette's Salt — . .1719 
 
 Sejanus, ^lius. Roman Statesman — . . 31 
 
 Selden, John. Lawyer and Statesman. Life by Wilkins, 
 
 1726; Dr. J. Aikin, 1773; G. W. Johnson, 1835 1584. .1654 
 
 Seleucus. Nicator. 1st King of Syria (b. c. 312-280) 358?. 280 b.c. 
 
 Seleucus. Callinicus. Fourth King (b. c. 246-226) — B.c.226 
 
 Seleucus. Ceraunus. Fifth King (b. c. 226-223) — B.c.223 
 
 Seleucus. Philopator. Seventh King (b. c. 187-175) 222?. 175 b.c. 
 Selim I. Sultan of Turkey (1512-20). Conq. of Egypt 1467 . . 1520 
 
 Selimn. (1566-74) ."... 1552?. 1574 
 
 Selim III. (1789-1808) 1761..1808 
 
 Sells, Nicholas Joseph. French Poet i737- • 1802 
 
 Selkirk, Alexander. Scottish Seaman and Adventurer. . 1676''. 1723 
 Selle, Christian Theophilus. German Medical Writer. . . 1748. .1800 
 
 Seller, Abednego. Nonjuring Divine 1647' . 1720? 
 
 Sellius, Godfrey. Dutch Historian and Geogr. Writer. . — ..1767 
 Sellon, Baker John. Lawyer. (Analysis qfPractice) .. 1762. .18;^^ 
 
 Selva, John Anthony. Italian Architect i753- • 1819 
 
 Selwyn, George Augustus. Life by J. H. Jesse, 1843 . . 1 719. .1791 
 
 Selwyn, William, q. c. {Nisi Pnus) 1775 . . 1855 
 
 Semirainis. Queen of Assyria 1 . fl. b.c. 1250 
 
 Semler, John Solomon. Lutheran Divine 1 725 . . 1 791 
 
 Semple, Robert Baylor. Amer. Clergyman and Writer . . 1 769 . . 1 831 
 
 S6nac, John Baptist. French Medical Writer 1693. .1770 
 
 Senancour, Stephen Pivert de. French Writer 1770. .1846 
 
 Senavilt, John Francis. Preacher and Moral Writer 1599. .1672 
 
 Senebier, John. Natural Philosopher and Historian 1742. .1809 
 
 Seneca, L. Annseus. Philosopher. L. by Rosmini, 3793 — .. 65 
 Seneca, Marcus Annasus. Roman Pleader and Orator b.c.58?.a.d.32'' 
 Senecai, or Senece, Anthony Bauderon de. French Poet 1643. .1737 
 Senefelder, Aloys, of Munich. Inventor of Lithography 1771. .1834 
 
 Senior, Nassau William. Political Economist 179°. . 1864 
 
 Sennamont, H. Harran de. Mineralogist 1808?. 1862 
 
 Sennertus, Daniel. German Medical Writer 1572. . 1637 
 
 Seppings, Sir Robert. Naval Architect 1768. . 1840 
 
 Sepulveda, John Genesius de. Spanish Historian 1491 . .1573 
 
 Serarius, Nicholas. French Jesuit; Commentator i545- -1610 
 
 Serassi, Peter Anthony. Italian Biographer 1721 . .1791 
 
 Sergardi, Louis, of Sienna. Quintus Sectanus. Lat. Poet 1660. .1726 
 
 Sergeant, John. American Jurist i779- • 1852 
 
 Sergei, John Tobias. Swedish Sculptor 1 74° • • 1814 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 367 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Sergius. Patriarch of Constantinople (610-39). Mo- 
 
 nothelite — . . 639 
 
 Sergius I. Pope. (687-701) 630?. 701 
 
 Sergius II. (844-47) — . . 847 
 
 Sergius III. (905-12) — . . 912 
 
 Sergius IV. (1009-12.) Peter Buccaporci — . . 1012 
 
 Serle, Ambrose. Devotional Writer 1741 ''. 1812 
 
 Serlio, Sebastian. Italian Architect 1475 . . 1552 
 
 Serres, John de. Serranus. Protestant Divine and Hist. 1540^.1598 
 
 Serres, Olive. Princess of Cumberland 1772. . 1834 
 
 Serres, Oliver de. French Agriculturist i539- • 1619 
 
 Sertorius, Quintus. Roman Naval Commander 121 -'.72 B.C. 
 
 Servandoni, John Jerome. Italian Architect and Painter 1695 . .1766 
 Servetus, Michael. Spanish Scientific and Theological 
 
 Writer. Life by Mosheim ; AUwoerden, 1728 ; Chaufe- 
 
 pie, translated by James Yair, 1771 ; Trechsel, 1839 ; 
 
 Drummond, 1848 1509. .1553 
 
 Servius, Maurus Honoratus. Commentator on Virgil ... end of 4th c. 
 
 Sesostris. King of Egypt fl. b.c. 1500? 
 
 Sestini, Dominic. Italian Numismatist 1750?. 1832 
 
 Seton, Eliza Ann. Founder of Sisters of Charity in U. S. 1774. . 1821 
 
 Settle, Elkanah. Poet 1648. .1724 
 
 Sevajee. Bosla. Founder of the Mahratta Empire 1627.. 1680 
 
 Severino, Marcus Aurelius. Neapolitan Physician 1580.. 1656 
 
 Severinus. Pope (640) — , . 640 
 
 Severus, Alexander. Roman Emperor (222-35) 205 . . 235 
 
 Severus, Cornelius. Roman Poet. {jEtna) fl. ti. Augustus 
 
 Severus, Lucius Septimius. Roman Emperor (193-211). 146.. 211 
 
 Severus, Sulpicius. Ecclesiastical Historian 363?.aft.4io 
 
 S6vign6, Mary de Rabutin - Chantal, Marchioness de. 
 
 {Letters.) "^Life by Baron Walckenaer, 1820; J. A. 
 
 Aubenas, 1842 1626. .1696 
 
 Sevin, Francis. French Scholar and Collector of MSS. . . 1682 . . 1 741 
 Seward, Anna. Poetess. {Letters.) Lifeby Walter Scott 1747. .1809 
 
 Seward, Rev. Thomas. Divine and Poet 1708. .1790 
 
 Seward, William. Biographer. {Biographiana) i747- -1799 
 
 Seward, William Wenman. ( Topographia Hibernica). . fl. 1795 
 
 Sewell, George. Physician and Poet — . .1726 
 
 Sewell, Dr. Richard Clare. Writer on Law 1804?. 1864 
 
 Sewell, William. {History of the Quakers) 1650''. 1725? 
 
 Sextus Empiricus. Greek Physician fl. 3d c? 
 
 Sey dlitz, Frederick William, Baron de. Prussian General 1 722 . . 1 773 
 
 Seymour, Lady Arabella (Stuart) 1575?. 1615 
 
 Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset. Protector — . .1552 
 
 Seymour, Jane. Queen of Henry VIII — . .1538 
 
 Seymour, Robert. Caricaturist — . . 1836 
 
 Seymour, Thomas, Lord. Lord High Admiral — . .1549 
 
 Seyssel, Claude de. Fr. Historical and Political Writer 1450?. 1520 
 Sfondrati, Francis. Italian Cardinal ; Poet and Writer. 1493.. 1550 
 Sforza, Francis Alex., Duke of Milan. L. by Decembrio 1401 . .1466 
 Stbrza, Galeas Mary, son, Duke of Milan. Assassinated 1444. .1476 
 Sforza, Giacomuzzo Attendolo. The Great. Ital. General 1339.. 1424 
 
 Sforza, Louis. II Moro — .,1510 
 
 'SGravesande, or Gravesande, William James van. 
 
 Dutch Mathematician 1688. . 1742 
 
368 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIKD. 
 
 Shadwell, Sir Lancelot. Vice-Chancellor i779- .1850 
 
 Shadwell, Thomas. Dramatist and Poet Laureate 1640. .1692 
 
 Shafei. Mohammedan Doctor 767 . . 819 
 
 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of. States- 
 man. Life by G. H. Cooke, ed. by Kippis and Martin 1621 . . 1683 
 ShLaftesbury, Anthony Ashley' Cooper, grandson, Third 
 
 Earl of. Writer. ( Characteristics) 167 1 . .1713 
 
 Shah- Alum I. Mogul Emperor of India (1707-12) 1642'. 1712 
 
 Shah- Alum JI. (1759-1806) 1719?. 1806 
 
 Shah-Jehan. Mogul Emperor of India (1627-66) 1593?. 1666 
 
 Shakespear, John. Orientalist i774- • 1858 
 
 Shakespeare, Shakspeare, or Shakspere, William. Life 
 by Rowe, 1709; F. Gentleman, 1774; Moratin (in 
 Spanish), 1795; A. Chalmers, 1805 ; Wheler,1806; J. 
 Britton, 1814; Drake, 1817; Malone, 1821; Guizot, 
 1821, and enlarged, 1851; Skottowe, 1824 (also in 
 German same year); Buchon (in Dutch), 1824; C. H. 
 Wheeler, 1824; MoncriefF, 1824; Meyer (in German, 
 also in French), 1825; Harvev, 1825; Symmons, 1826 ; 
 Havard, 1834; Harness, 1836; T. Campbell, 1838; 
 Villemain, 1840; Collier, 1841, enlarged 1858 ; Pichot, 
 1841; Knight, 1842, enlarged 1850, &c., re-edited 
 1866; Procter, 1843; Verplanck, 1847; Halliwell, 
 1848; P. Chasles, 1851; Hudson, 1852; Sillig, 1854; 
 Huelsmann, 1856 ; Llovd, 1856 ; Dyce, 1857 ; Staun- 
 ton, 1858; Neil, 1861; "FuUom, 1862; Kenny, 1864; 
 
 R. G. White, 1865 1564. . 1616 
 
 Shakhovsky, Alex. Alexandrovitch, Pr. Russian Dram. 1777.. 1846 
 
 Shallum. King of Israel (b. c. 770) — B.c.770 
 
 Shamoul, or Samoul. Jewish Mathematician and Phys. — 1201 or 2 
 
 Sharp, Abraham. Mathematician and Astronomer 165 1 . .1742 
 
 Sharp, Daniel, d. d. American Divine 1783. . 1853 
 
 Sharp, Granville. Abolitionist. L. by Prince Hoare, 1820 1735 • -1813 
 Sharp, James. Archbishop of St. Andrew's. Assassinated 1618. .1679 
 Sharp, John. Abp.ofYork. L. by Dr. Thos. Sharp, 1829 1644.,! 714 
 
 Sharp, Richard. Conversation Sharp. Critic i759- • 1835 
 
 Sharp, Samuel. Surgical Writer — . .1776 
 
 Sharp, Thomas, d. d. Divine and Hebraist 1693?. 1758 
 
 Sharp, Thomas. Antiquary. ( Coventry Mysteries) 1770. . 1841 
 
 Sharp, William. Engraver 1 749 . . 1824 
 
 Sharpe, Daniel. Geologist 1806. . 1856 
 
 Sharpe, Gregory, D. D. Divine and Orientalist. {Hebrew 
 
 Lexicon) 1713. .1771 
 
 Sharroch, Robert, ll. d. ( On Vegetables; De Officiis). . — . . 1684 
 
 Shaw, Cuthbert. Poet 1738?. 1771 
 
 Shaw, Emanuel. Ejected Nonconformist. (Immanuel). 1635.. 1696 
 Shaw, George, m. d. Naturalist. ( General Zoology) . . . 1751 . . 1813 
 
 Shaw, Lemuel, ll. d. American Jurist 1781 . . 1861 
 
 Shaw, Sir James, m. p. Lord Mayor of London 1764. . 1843 
 
 Shaw, Peter, m. d. Medical Writ. {Lessons on Chemistry) 1695 . . 1763 
 
 Shaw, Stebbing. ( History of Staffordshire) 1 762 . . 1802 
 
 Shaw, Rev. Thomas. Traveler in the East 1692?. 1 751 
 
 Shaw, Thomas Budd. English Writer at Petersburg . . . 1813. . 1862 
 
 Shays, Daniel. Leader in Shay's Rebellion 1740- • 1825 
 
 Shea, Daniel. Orientalist 1772. . 1836 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 369 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Shea, John Augustus. Novelist — . . 1845 
 
 Shebbeare, John. Physician and Political Writer 1709. .1788 
 
 Shee, Sir Martin Archer. President of the Royal Acad- 
 emy. Painter and Poet. Life by his son, 1860 1770. . 1850 
 
 Sheepshanks, John. Founder of Sheepshanks Gallery . 1787?. 1863 
 
 Sheepshanks, Rev. Richard. Astronomer i794- • ^^55 
 
 Sheepshanks, Rev. William. Scholar 1740- .1810 
 
 Sheffield, John, Earl of Mulgrave, Duke of Bucks. Poet 1649. .1721 
 Shell, Richard Lalor. Statesman, Author, and Orator. 
 
 Life by McNevin, 1815; Torrens W. McCulloch, 1855 1794. .1851 
 Shelburne, Wm. Petty, E. of. Premier. Mqs. Lansdowne i Tyj . . 1805 
 
 Shelby, Isaac. American Revolutionary Officer 1750- .1826 
 
 Sheldon, Gilbert. Archbishop of Canterbury (1663-77) 1598. .1677 
 
 Sheldon, Ralph, of BesleT. Antiquary — . . 1864 
 
 SheUey, George. Penman 1666?. 1736 
 
 Shelley, Mrs. (Mary Wollstonecraft). Writer i797- • 1851 
 
 SheUey, Percy Bvs"she. Poet. Life bv C. S. Middleton; 
 
 Hogg, 1838 ; Capt. T. Medwin, 1847 1792. . 1822 
 
 Shenstone, William. Poet. Life by Greaves 1714- • ^7^3 
 
 Shepard, Rev. Samuel. American Controversialist 1739. .1815 
 
 Shepard, Rev. Thomas. American Theological Writer. 1605. .1649 
 
 Sheppard, Jack. Burglar; executed — . .1724 
 
 Shepreve, or Shepery, John. Latin Poet and Scholar. . 1509''. 1542 
 
 Sherard, or Sherwood, William. Botanist 1659. .1728 
 
 Sherburne, Sir Edward. Poet. (Manilius) 1618. .1702 
 
 Sheridan, Frances. Novelist and Dramatist 1724. .1766 
 
 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley Butler, son, m. p. Wit, Dram- 
 atist, and Politician. L. by T. Moore ; Watkins, 1817 1751 . . 1816 
 Sheridan, Thos., d. d. Friend of Swift. Transl. of Persius 1684. .1738 
 Sheridan, Thos., son. Actor and Writ. {Life of Swift) 1721 . . 1788 
 
 Sherif-ed-deen. Persian Historian fl. 1424 
 
 Sherley, Sir Thomas. Traveler and Knight-errant 1564. . — 
 
 Sherlock, Richard, d. d. Divine. {Practical Christian) 1613. .1689 
 
 Sherlock, Thomas. Bishop of London (1748-61) 1678. . 1 761 
 
 Sherlock, Wm., d. d. Dean of St. Paul's. ( On Death) 1641^.1707 
 
 Sherman, Roger. American Statesman 1721 . .1793 
 
 Sherwin, John Keyse. Engraver 1751 ?. 1790 
 
 Sherwood, Mrs. Mary Martha. Writer. Life by self. . . 1775 .. 185 1 
 
 Shew, Joel, m. d. Hydropathist and Writer 1816. .1855 
 
 Shield, William. Dramatic and Musical Composer i754- • 1829 
 
 Shipley, Jonathan. Bp. of St. Asaph. Divine and Poet 1 714. .1778 
 Shipley, Wm. Davies. Dean of St. Asaph. {Dialogue) 1745. -1826 
 
 Shirley, Sir Anthony. Traveler 1 565 • 1630 or i 
 
 Shirley, James. Dramatic Poet 1596. . 1666 
 
 Shirley, Robert. English Traveler settled in Persia 1564. .1627 
 
 Shirley, Thomas. Medical Writer. { Cochlearia Curiosa) i6sS. .167S 
 Shirley, Walter Augustus. Bishop of Sodor and Man 
 
 (1846-47). Life by Archdeacon Hill, 1849 1797. . 1847 
 
 Shlshkoff, Alex. Semenovitch. Russ. Adm. andStatesm. 1754. .1841 
 
 Shokhnah, Ibn. Mohammedan Writer — ..1478 
 
 Shore, Jane. Mistress of Edward IV fl. ti. Edward IV. 
 
 Shore, John, Ld. Teignmouth. Gov.-Gen. L. by son, 1843 1751 . . 1834 
 
 Short, James. Natural Philosopher and Optician 1 710. . 1768 
 
 Short, Thomas, M.p. Medical and Meteorological Writer — . .1772 
 
 Shovel, Sir CloudeSley. Admiral 1650? . 1 707 
 
 24 
 
370 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Shower, Sir Barthol. Lawyer. ( Cases in Parliament) .. — . . 1701 
 
 Shower, John, brother. Puritan Divine 1657. .1715 
 
 Shrapnel, Henry. Lieut-General. Inventor of Shell. . — ..1843 
 
 Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, Duke of. Statesman 1660. .1717 
 
 Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Hardwicke, Countess of 1519- .1608 
 
 Shrewsbury, John Talbot. First Earl of. 1373 . . 1453 
 
 Shubrick, John Templar. American Naval Officer 1778. . 181 5 
 
 Shuckburgh Evelyn, Sir Geo. Class, and Math. Scholar 1750 i . 1804 
 
 Shuckford, Rev. Samuel. Historian — . . 1754 
 
 Shute, Josias. Archdeacon. {Sermons on Gen. XVI.) . . — ..1643 
 
 Shuter, Edward. Comic Actor — • • 1 776 
 
 Shuttleworth, Philip Nich. Bp. of Chichester (1840-42) 1782. .1842 
 Sibbald, Sir Robert. Physician, Naturalist, Antiquary. . 1643?. 1712? 
 Sibbs, or Sibbes, Richard. Puritan Div. (jBrwiserfiJeec?) 1577. .1635 
 
 Sibly, Manoah. Pastor of New Jerusalem Society i757- • 1840 
 
 Sibour, Marv Dominic Augustus. French Prelate 1792. . 1857 
 
 Sibrechts, John. Dutch Painter. 1625 . . 1703 
 
 Sibthorp, John, m. d. Botanist and Traveler 1758. .1796 
 
 Sieard, Claude. Jesuit Missionary to the East 1677. .1726 
 
 Sicard, Roch Ambrose Cucurron, Abbe. Teacher of the 
 
 Deaf and Dumb ^742. .1822 
 
 Siciolante, or Da Sermoneta, Jerome. Italian Painter. . 1504. .1550 
 Sickingen, Francis von. German General. Lutheran. . 1484. .1523 
 Siddons, Mrs Sarah (Kemble). Actress. Life by Camp- 
 bell, 1834 ■. 1755 . . 1831 
 
 Sidmouth, Henry Addington, First Viscount. States- 
 man. Life by Dean of Norwich, 1847 1755 • • ^^44 
 
 Sidney, Algernon. Republican ; beh. L. by Meadley, 1813 1622. .1683 
 
 Sidney, Henry, k. g. Statesman — . .1586 
 
 Sidney, Mary, Countess of Pembroke, " Sidney's sister, 
 
 Pembroke's mother," — . . 1621 
 
 Sidney, Sir Philip. Statesman, Poet, Soldier. {Arcadia.) 
 Life by Sir F. Grevile, Lord Brook, 1652; Dr. Zouch, 
 1808; W. Grav, 1829; Julius Lloyd, 1862; H. R. F. 
 
 Bourne, 1862 .' 1554. . 1586 
 
 Sidonius, Caius Sollius Apollinaris Modestus. Latin Poet 431''. 484? 
 Siebenkees, John Philip. German Philos. and Orient. . 1759.. 1796 
 Siegen, Louis von. Inventor of Mezzotint Engraving. , 1609.. 1676 
 Siegfrid, Dr. Rudolph Thos. Sanskrit and Celtic Schol. — . .1863 
 Sieveking, Amalie. Philanthropist. L.tr. by Winkworth 1794. .1859 
 Sieyes, Count Emanuel Joseph. Abb6. Revolutionist. . 1748. . 1836 
 Sigaud de Xiafond, John Ren 6. Surg, and Nat. Philos. 1740. .1810 
 
 Sigebert I. King of Austrasia (561-75) 535 ^ 575 
 
 Sigebert II. The Younger 630 . . 654 
 
 Sigebert. King of East Anglia — . . 642 
 
 Sigismund. King of Hungary and Emperor of Germany 
 
 (1411-37) 1366.. 1437 
 
 Sigismund I. King of Poland (1506-48). The Great. . 1466. .1548 
 
 Sigismund II. Augustus. (1548-72) 1520. .1572 
 
 Sigismund III. (1587-1632.) De Vasa 1566. . 1632 
 
 Signorelli, Luke. Italian Painter i439- .1521 
 
 Signorelli, Peter Napoli. Critical and Historical Writer 1731 . . 1815 
 Sigonio, Charles. Antiq. and Hist. {Fasti Consulares) 1520?. 1584 
 Sigourney, Mrs. Lydia Huntley. Amer. Wi-it. L. by self. 1791 . .1865 
 Sike, or Siecke, Henry. Orientalist ,* — . .1712 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 371 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Silanion. Greek Sculptor fl. b.c. 324? 
 
 Silbermann, John Andrew. German Organ Builder ... 171 2. .1783 
 Silberschlag, John Isaiah. Ger. Mathem. and Mechan. 1721. .1791 
 Silhouette, Stephen de. Fr. Statesman and Polit. Writer 1709. . 1 767 
 
 Silius Italicus, Caius. Roman Poet 25''. 99? 
 
 Silliman, Benjamin, ll. d. American Scientist. {Ameri- 
 can Journal of Science) 1779. -1864 
 
 Silva, John Baptist. French Physician. Life by Bruhier 1683 .. 1 744 
 Silva y Figueroa, Garcia de. Spanish Diplomatist .... 1574''. 1628? 
 
 SUverius. Bishop of Rome (536-38) — . . 538 
 
 SUvesterl. Pope (314-35) — .. 335 
 
 Silvester n. (999-1003. ) Gerbert — . . 1003 
 
 Silvester, Israel. French Engraver 1621 . . 1691 
 
 Silvester, Louis. French Painter 1675 . .1760 
 
 Simeon, of Durham. Historian — . .1130? 
 
 Simeon, Rev. Charles, of Cambridge. L. by Carus, 1847 1759. .1836 
 Simeon Metaphrastes. Greek Ecclesiastical Historian — . . 976? 
 
 Simeon Sethus. Greek Writer at Constantinople fl. iithc. 
 
 Simeon Stylites. Syrian Ascetic 392' • 461 ' 
 
 Simler, John. Swiss Portrait Painter 1693?. 1748 
 
 Simler, Josias. Prot. Divine at Zurich and Hist. Writer 1530. .1576 
 
 Simmias, of Rhodes. Grammarian and Poet fl. b.c. 300? 
 
 Simnel, Lambert. Impostor I472?.aft.i487 
 
 Simon, Richard. French Hebraist. { Critical History of 
 
 the Old Testament) , 1638. .1712 
 
 Simon Maccabeeus. High Priest of the Jews — b.c. 135 
 
 Simonet, Edmund. Fr. Jesuit. {InsiitutionesTheologicce) 1662.. 1733 
 
 Simonetta, John. Italian Historian — . . 1491 ^ 
 
 Simonides, of Amorgus. Greek Iambic Poet fl. b.c. 660? 
 
 Simonides, of Ceos. Greek Lyric Poet 557-467 b.c. 
 
 Simonneau, Charles. French Engraver 1639'. 1728 
 
 Simonneau, Louis. French Engraver. {History of Paint- 
 ing and Engraving) 1660. .1728 
 
 Simplicius. Neoplatonic Philosopher ti. Justinian 
 
 Simpson, Edward, d. d. ( Universal Chronology) 1578. . 165 1 
 
 Simpson, John. Dissenting Minister. Biblical Critic. . 1746. . 1813 
 
 Simpson, Thomas. Mathematician 1710. .1761 
 
 Sims, James, m. d. Physician and Botanist — . . 1831 
 
 Simson, Dr. Robert, of Glasgow. Mathematician ; Editor 
 
 of Euclid. Life by W. Traill 1687. . 1768 
 
 Sinclair, Miss Catharine. Writer of Fiction 1800. . 1864 
 
 Sinclair, Charles Gideon, Baron. Swedish Tactician . . — ..1803 
 
 Sinclair, George, of Glasgow. Professor — . . 1696 
 
 Sinclair, John. Master of Sinclair. Scottish Jacobite . . 1685 ? . 1 75 5 ? 
 
 Sinclair, Sir John, m. p. Life by his son, 1837 ^754- • ^^35 
 
 Sindiah, Dowlut Row; defeated at Assaye 1781 . . 1827 
 
 Sindiah, Madhajee. Mahratta Prince 1 743^ • 1 794 
 
 Singh, Runjeet. Chief of Lahore and Cashmere 1780. . 1839 
 
 Singleton, Henry. Historical Painter 1766. . 1830 
 
 Singlin, Anthony. Abb6 of Port Royal. ( Christian In- 
 structions) , — . . 1664 
 
 Sionita, Gabriel. Hebraist; Editor of Parisian Polyglot 1577?. 1648 
 
 Sirani, Elizabeth. Historical Painter 1638. . 1665 
 
 Sirani, John Andrew, of Bologna. Painter 1610. . 1670 
 
 Siri, Victor. Italian Political and Historical Writer 1608. .1685 
 
372 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. BIKD. 
 
 Siric. Archbishop of Canterbury (990-94) — . . 994 
 
 Siricius. Bishop of Rome (385-99). — . . 399 
 
 Siries, Violante Beatrice. Italian Portrait Painter 1710. .1770'' 
 
 Sirlet, Flavius. Jewel Engraver — . . 1 737 
 
 Sirmoud, James. French Jesuit Writer i559- • ^651 
 
 Sirmond, John, neph. Latin Poet. (£i/*eo/'i>'^7ra6oise) 1589?. 1649 
 
 Sisicus. Bishop of Rome (384-98) — . . 398 
 
 Sisinnius. Bishop of Rome (708) — . . 708 
 
 Sismondi, John Charles Leonard Simonde de. French 
 
 Historian and Political Economist i773- • 1842 
 
 Sivers, Henry Jacob. Ger. Prot. Div., Naturalist, Antiq. 1709. .1758 
 
 Siward, Earl of Northumberland — . . 1055 
 
 Six, John. Dutch Dramatic Poet 1618. .1700 
 
 Sixtus I. Bishop of Rome (119?-28) — . . 128 
 
 SixtusII. (257-58) — . . 259 
 
 Sixtus III. (432-40) — . . 440 
 
 Sixtus IV. ( 1471-84. ) Fr-ancis Albescola della Rovere . . 1414 . . 1484 
 Sixtus V. (1585-90.) Felix Peretti. Life by Gregory 
 
 Leti, translated by Farneworth, 1754; Archenholz. . . 1521. .1590 
 
 Sixtus. Cordelier of Sienna; Theologian 1520. .1569 
 
 Sjoberg, or Sjoeberg, Eric. Swedish Lyric Poet i794- • 1828 
 
 Skardsa, Biorna a. Icelandic Writer .'. i574- • 1655 
 
 Skarga Poweski, Peter. Polish Preacher 1536. • — 
 
 Skelton, John. Poet Laureate. Life by Dyce, 1843. . . . I46o^ 1529 
 
 Skelton, Rev. Philip. Irish Divine. Life by Bardy 1707. .1787 
 
 Skinner, Ezekiel, m. d. Amer. Clergyman and Physician 1777 . . 1855 
 Skinner, James. Lieut.-Col., of Delhi. L. by J. B. Eraser — ..1841 
 
 Skinner, John. Scottish Clergyman and Poet 1721 . . 1807 
 
 Skiuner, John Stuart. Amer. Editor & Agricult. Writer 1788 . . 185 1 
 
 Skinner, Richard. American Statesman and Jurist 1778. -1833 
 
 Skinner, Stephen, m. d. Philologist and Antiquary 1622?. 1667 
 
 Skinner, William. Bishop of Aberdeen 1779?. 1857 
 
 Skovoroda. Gregory Savitch. Divine of Ukraine 1730?. 1778? 
 
 Skrzynecki, Jan, or John. Polish General 1786. . i860 
 
 Skytte, Benedict. Swedish Statesman and Writer 1614. . 1683 
 
 Skytte, John. Swedish Statesman and Writer 1577- • 1645 
 
 Slange, Nicholas. Dutch Historian 1657 . .1737 
 
 Slater, Samuel. American Manufacturer 1768. .1835 
 
 Sleeman, Sir William Henry. Resident at Lucknow. . . 1788. .1856 
 Sleidan, or Sleidanus, John. Philipson. Ger. Historian 1506. .1556 
 
 Slingelandt, John Peter van. Dutch Painter 1640. . 1691 
 
 Sloane, Sir Hans, m. d. Collector of Natural History . . 1660, .1752 
 
 Slodtz, Ren^ Michael. Michael Angela. Sculptor 1705 • -1764 
 
 Slowacki, Julius. Polish Poet 1809. . 1849 
 
 Sluse, Rene Francis Walter, of Li^ge. Mathem. & Orient. 1622. .1685 
 Sluter, Matthew, of Hamburg. Jurist and Meteorologist 1648. . 1719 
 
 Sluys, James van der. Dutch Painter 1660. .1736 
 
 Smalbroke, Richard. Bishop of St. David's. Theologian 1673. .1749 
 
 Smalcius, Valentine. German Unitarian Writer — . . 1622 
 
 Smalridge, George. Bishop of Bristol 1663. .1719 
 
 Smart, Christopher. Poet. Life prefixed to Works 1722. . 1771 
 
 Smart, Peter. Puritan Divine and Poet —aft. 1654 
 
 Smeaton, John. Civil Engineer 1724- -1792 
 
 Smedley, Rev. Edward. Poet and Historical Writer ... 1789?. 1836 
 Smedley, Frank E. Novelist i8i4?.i864 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 373 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Smellie, William, m. d. Scottish Writer on Midwifery. . — . .1763 
 
 Smellie, William. Naturalist. Life by Kerr, 1811 1740. .1795 
 
 Smetius. John Smith van der Ketten. Antiquary — . . 1651 
 
 Smibert, or Smybert, John. Scottish Painter 1684?. 175 1 
 
 Smigletius, Martin. Polish Jesuit, Theol., and Logician 1562. . 1618 
 
 Smirke, Robert, r. a. Painter 1752. . 1845 
 
 Smithi, Adam, ll. d. ( Wealth of Nations.) Life by 
 
 Dugald Stewart 1723. . 1790 
 
 Smith, Albert. Novelist and Humorist 1816. . i860 
 
 Smith, Anker. Engraver 1 759 . . 1819 
 
 Smith, Colonel Baird. Civil Engineer in India — . . 1861 
 
 Smith, Caleb Blood. American Statesman 1808. . 1864 
 
 Smith, Charles. Writer on the Corn Trade 1713- -1777 
 
 Smith, Charles Ferguson. American General 1806''. 1862 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Charlotte. Poetess and Novelist i749- .1806 
 
 Smith, Christian. Botanist and Traveler 1785 . . 1816 
 
 Smith, Edmund Neale. Poet 1668. .1710 
 
 Smith, Miss Eliz. (L. ofKlopstoch. ) L. by Miss Bowdler 1 776 . . 1806 
 
 Smith, Gabriel. Engraver I724^ 1783? 
 
 Smith, George, of Chichester. Landscape Painter 1714- -^77^ 
 
 Smith, Henry. Silver-tongued. Preacher. L. by Fuller 1550. .1600? 
 Smith, Sir Henrv George Wakelyn. General. Governor 
 
 of Cape of (5ood Hope .^ 1788. . — 
 
 Smith, Horace. Writer. (Rejected Addresses): i779- • 1849 
 
 Smith, James, brother. Writer. {Rejected Addresses). . lyy^. .iS^g 
 
 Smith, James. American Patriot 1719?. 1806 
 
 Sraith, James, of Deanstone. Manufacturer and Agri- 
 culturist 1789. .1850 
 
 Smith, Sir James Edw., m. d. Botanist. {English Botany) 1759. . 1828 
 Smith, Sir John. Traveler & Ambassador. L. by Strype — aft.1595 
 Smith, Rev. John. Divine. {Essex Dove; The Creed). . 1563. .1616 
 Smith, John. Capt. {Hist, of Virginia.) L.byHill, 1858 1579. .1631 
 Smith, John, of Queen's College, Cambridge. Divine. 
 
 ( Ten Select Discourses) 1618 . . 1652 
 
 Smith, John, m. d. {Portrait of Old Age — Eccles. xii. ) . 1630 . . 1679 
 Smith, John. Writer on Northern Literature and Antiq. 1659. . 1715 
 
 Smith, John. Engraver 1654. . 1 720? 
 
 Smith, John, of Chichester. Landscape Painter "^-T^y- -1764 
 
 Smith, Rev. Dr. John. Antiquary, Celtic Scholar, Trans- 
 lator of Bible 1747- .1807 
 
 Smith, John. Missionary to Demerara 1790- • 1824 
 
 Smith, John Pye, d. d. Nonconformist Divine 1775 . .1851 
 
 Sm.ith, John Raphael. Mezzotint Engraver 1752. . 1812 
 
 Smith, John Spencer. Archaeologist 1 769 . . 1845 
 
 Smith, John Stafford. Musical Composer 1750?. 1826 
 
 Smith, John Thos. Artist & Antiq. ( Antiquities of Lond. ) 1 766 , . 1 833 
 Smith, Joseph. Mormon Prophet. Life by J. B. Turner 1805 . . 1844 
 Smith, Miles. Bishop of Gloucester. Translator of Bible 1 568 . . 1624 
 
 Smith, Richard. Roman Catholic Divine 1500. . 1563 
 
 Smith, Richard. Book Collector 1590. . 1675 
 
 Smith, Robert, d. d. Master of Trinity College. Prize 
 
 Founder 1689. .1768 
 
 Smith, Samuel. Ejected Nonconformist. Tract Writer. 
 
 ( Great Assize) 1588 . . 1663? 
 
 Smith, Samuel, of New Jersey. Historian — . . 1778 
 
374 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Smith, Samuel Stanhope, d. d. Amer. Divine and Writer 1750. . 1819 
 Sznitli, Rev. Sydney. Writer. Life by Lady Holland. . 1769. .1845 
 Smith, Sir Thomas. Statesman. (^Commonwealth.) Life 
 
 by Strype I5i4?.i577 
 
 Smith, Thomas, d. d. Divine, Hist., Biographer, Critic 1638.. 1710 
 Smith, Thomas Assheton. Sportsman. Reminiscences 
 
 by Sir J. E. Wilmot 1776. . 1858 
 
 Smith, Thomas Southwood, m. d '. 1790?. 1861 
 
 Smith, WilHam. Herald and Antiquai^' — ..1618 
 
 Smith, William, of Chichester. Portrait Painter 1707- -1764 
 
 Smith, William. Dean of Chester; Transl. of Thucydides 1711 . . 1787 
 Smith, Wm., ll. d. Geologist. L. by John Phillips, 1844 1769. . 1839 
 
 Smith, Sir William Cusack. Irish Judge 1766. .1836 
 
 Smith, Sir William Sidney. Admiral. Life by E. Hoav- 
 
 ard, 1830; Sir John Barrow, 1848 1764. . 1840 
 
 Smithson, James. English Physicist. Founder of Smith- 
 sonian Institution at Washington — . . 1829 
 
 Smitz, Gaspar. Magdalen Smith. Dutch Portrait Painter — ..1689 
 
 Smitz, Louis. Dutch Fruit Painter 1635 . . 1675 
 
 Smollett, Tobias. Life by Dr. R. Anderson; Dr. Moore 1721. .1771 
 
 Smybert, or Smibert, John. Scottish Painter 1684 J'. 1 751 
 
 Smyth, James Carmichael, m. d., f. r. s. Medical Writer 1741 . . 1821 
 Smiyth, William. Bishop of Lincoln. Co-founder of Bra- 
 
 zenose College. Life by Churton 1450?. 1514 
 
 Smyth, William. Professor of History at Cambridge. . . 1764. .1849 
 Smyth, William Henry. Admiral. ItTaval Surveyor. . . 1788. .1865 
 Snape, Andrew, r>. D. 'Controversialist; Oppon. of Hoadly 1670.. 1742 
 
 Snayers, Peter. Dutch Painter i593 • • 1670 
 
 SneU, Louis. Swiss Author and Politician 1785 . . 1854 
 
 SneU, Rodolph. Dutch Mathematician and Philologist. . 1547. . 1613 
 Snell, Willebrord, son. Dutch Mathem. ( Cyclometricus) 1591 . . 1626 
 
 SneUincks, John. Dutch Painter i544- • 1638 
 
 Snethen, Rev. Nicholas. American Writer 1769. • 1845 
 
 Sneyders, or Snyders, Francis. Dutch Painter 1579. . 1657 
 
 Sniadecki, Andrew. Polish Medical & Chemical Writer 1768. . 1838 
 
 Sniadecki, John, brother. Mathematician 1756. . 1830 
 
 Snorro Sturleson, or Sturlason. Icelandic Poet, Histo- 
 rian, and Statesman 1178. . 1241 
 
 Snoy, Lambert. Dutch Genealogist 1574?. 1638 
 
 Snoy, Renier. Dutch Diplomatist. {History of Holland) 1477. .1537 
 
 Snyders, or Sneyders, Francis. Dutch Painter 1579. . 1657 
 
 Soane, Sir John.' Architect i753- • ^^37 
 
 Soanen, John. French Bishop; Pulpit Orator 1647. .1740 
 
 Sobieski, John III., King of Poland. L. by G. F. Coyer 1629. .1696 
 SociHUs, Faustus. Promoter of Socinianism. Life by J. 
 
 Toulmin, 1777 1539.. 1604 
 
 Socinus, Laelius. Originator of Socinianism. Life by 
 
 C. F. Illgen 1525 .. 1562 
 
 Socrates. Athenian Philosopher. Life by Wiggers. . . 468.399 b.c. 
 
 Socrates. Ecclesiastical Historian to 439' — aft. 439 
 
 Sodoma, II. John Anthony Razzi. Italian Painter 1479 • -1554 
 
 Soemmering, Samuel Thomas von. German Anatomist 
 
 and Physiologist i755 • -^^3° 
 
 Soest, or Zoest, Gerard. German Painter 1637 . . 1681 
 
 Sceur, Hubert le. French Sculptor in England — . . 1670? 
 
 1 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 375 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Solander, Daniel Charles, m. d. Swedish Naturalist ... 1736. . 1782 
 
 Solari, Andrew. Del Gobho. Italian Painter 1470?. 1527 
 
 Solario, Anthony de. 11 Zingaro. Painter & Illuminator 1382. .1455 
 Sole, Anthony Mary dal. Italian Landscape Painter. . . . 1597. . 1677 
 Sole, John Joseph dal. Historical and Landscape Painter 1654. .1719 
 Solger, Chas. Wm. Ferdinand. Ger. Writer on iEsthetics 1780. .1819 
 Solignac, Peter Jos. de la Pinipie, Clievalier de. Fr. Hist. 1687 .. 1 773 
 Soliman. Ebn Ahd-al-Maleh. Seventh Ommiyade CaHph 
 
 (715-17) : — .. 7^7 
 
 Soliman. Ehn-al-Hakem. King of Cordova (1009-16). . — ..1016 
 Soliman. Ebn^Cutulmish. Seljuk Turk. Conqueror of 
 
 Asia Minor .* — . . 1084 
 
 Soliman. Tchelibi, The Noble. Turkish Pr. at Adrianople — . . 1410 
 Soliman I. Magnificent. Ottoman Sultan (1520-66) . . 1494. .1566 
 
 Soliman II. (1687-91.) Life by Charles Ancillon — . .1691 
 
 Solimene, Francis. V Abate Ciccio. Italian Painter. .. 1657. .1747 
 Solinus, Caius Julius. Hist. & Geographer. {Polyhistor) fl. 230 
 Solis, Anthony de. Span. Hist, and Poet. ( Conq. Mexico) 1610 . . 1686 
 
 Solis, John Diaz de. Spanish Navigator — • • 1515^ 
 
 Solomon. King of Israel (b. c. 1015-975) 1033?. 975 »•«• 
 
 Solomon. Ben Virga. Historian fl. i6th c. 
 
 Solomon, Abraham. Historical Painter 1823''. 1862 
 
 Solomon Ben Isaac. Eashi. Jewish Rabbi 1040'. 1 105 
 
 Solon. Athenian Lawgiver 638? . 558? b.c. 
 
 Soltikoff, Nicholas Ivanovitch. Russian Statesman .... 1736. .1816 
 Solvyns, Francis Balthasar. Dutch Artist. {Les Hindous) 1760. .1824 
 Solyman. See Soliman. 
 
 Somer, John van. Dutch Mezzotint Engraver — . . 1694 
 
 Somers, John, Ld. Ld. Chanc. L. by Cooksey ; Maddock 1650?. 1716 
 Somerset, Edmund de Beaufort, Duke of; Regent of Fr. — . .1455 
 Somerset, Henry de Beaufort, son ; taken at Hexham ; 
 
 beheaded — . . 1463 
 
 Somerset, John de Beaufort, Earl of, K. G., son of John 
 
 of Gaunt. Lord High Admiral — . . 1410 
 
 Somerset, John de Beaufort, son. First Duke of 1392''. 1444 
 
 Somerset, Robert Carr, Viscount Rochester, Earl of — . . 1645 
 
 Somerset, William Seymour, Duke of. Husband of 
 
 Arabella Stuart — . . 1660 
 
 Somerville, Thomas, D. d. Historian 1741 . . 1813 
 
 Somerville, William. Poet. ( The Chase) 1692 . . 1742 
 
 Sommariva, John Bapt.de. Ital. Polit. and Art Collector 1760-'. 1826 
 •Sommering, Samuel Thomas von. German Anatomist 
 
 and Physiologist i755 • • 1^30 
 
 Sommery,'rontette de. French Writer — . .1792? 
 
 Sommier, John Claude. French Writer 1661 . . 1737 
 
 Somner, William. Antiquary. Life by Bp. Kennett, 1693 1606. . 1669 
 
 Sonnerat, Peter. Naturalist and Traveler 1748'. 1814 
 
 Sonnini de Manoncourt, Charles Nicholas Sigisbert. 
 
 French Naturalist and Traveler 175^ • • ^^^^ 
 
 Sontag, Madame Henrietta, Countess Rossi. Ger. Singer 1805 . . 1854 
 
 Sophia, Princess. Regent of Russia 1667. .1704 
 
 Sophia. Electress of Hanover, mother of George I — . .1714 
 
 Sophia Dorothea. Daughter of George I. Queen of 
 
 Prussia. Life, 2 vols. Svo, 1845 1687.. 1757 
 
 Sophocles. Attic Tragedian 495^ -405'' ^-C* 
 
376 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Sophonisba. Queen of Numidia — B.c.203 
 
 Sorbait, Paul de. Dutch Medical Writer — . . 1691 
 
 Sorbiere, Samuel. French Writer. (Sorberiana) 1615. .1670 
 
 Sorbonne, Robert de. Founder of College 1201 . .1274 
 
 Sordello. Proven9al Poet 1189. .1281? 
 
 Sorel, Agnes. Mistress of Charles VII. of France 1409''. 1450 
 
 Sorgh, Henry, of Rotterdam. Paint, of Fairs, Markets, &c. 1621 . . 1684 
 
 Sorri, Peter. Italian Painter 1556. . 1622 
 
 Sortain, Rev. Joseph, of Brighton. Life by Mrs. Sortain 1809. .i860 
 
 Sost, or Zost, Gerard. German Painter 1637. . 1681 
 
 Sostratus, of Cnidos. Architect of the Pharos fi. b.c. 273 
 
 Soter. Bishop of Rome (168-76) — . . 176 
 
 Sotheby, Samuel Leigh. Antiquary and Bibliographer — . . 1861 
 
 Sotheby, William. Poet and Translator i757- • 1833 
 
 Soto, Barahona de. Spanish Poet fl. 1586 
 
 Soto, Dominic. Spanish Tridentine Divine 1494-'. 1560 
 
 Soto, Peter. Confessor to Charles V. ; Tridentine Divine — ••1563 
 Soubise, Benj. de Rohan, Sieurde. Huguenot Soldier. . . 1589''. 1641 
 Soubise, Chas. de Rohan, Prince de. Marshal of France 171 5. .1787 
 Soubise, John de Parthenai, Lord of. Huguenot Leader. . I5i2?.i566 
 
 Souchai, John Baptist. French Writer 1688. .1746 
 
 Souchiet, Stephen. French Divine 1671 . .1744 
 
 Soucbiet, Stephen Augustine, brother. {Poems on Comets) — . . 1 744 
 
 Soufflot, James Germain. French Architect 1714- .1781 
 
 Souli6, Melchior Frederick. Fr. Novehst and Dramatist 1800. .1847 
 Soulouque, Faustin. Faustin I. Emperor of Hayti. . . . 1789. . — 
 Soult, Nicholas John de Dieu. Marshal of France ; States- 
 man. (Memoirs) 1769''. 1852 
 
 South, Robert, d. d. Divine 1633 . .1716 
 
 Soutbard, Samuel L. American Statesman 1787 . . 1842 
 
 Southcott, Joanna. Religious Enthusiast 1750- • 1814 
 
 Southern, Thomas. Dramatic Writer. {Fatal Discovery) 1660. .1746 
 
 Southey, Mrs. (Caroline Bowles). Poetess 1787. .1854 
 
 Southey, Robert. Poet Laureate. Life by C C Southey 1774. .1843 
 Southey, Thomas, m. d. Medical Writer. {Pulmonary 
 
 Consumption) i y^y . . 1865 
 
 Southwell, Nath. Jesuit. Continuator of Jesuits^ Library — ..1676 
 
 Southwell, Robert. Jesuit Seminary Priest; Poet 1560. .1595 
 
 Soutman, Peter. Painter and Engraver of Haarlem 1580''. — 
 
 Souvestre, Emile. French Writer 1806. . 1854 
 
 Souza, John de. Portuguese Historian and Philologist. . 1730'^. 1812 
 Souza, Manuel Faria y. Portuguese Poet and Historian 1590. .1649 
 Souza Botelho, Joseph Mary. Portuguese Diplomatist 1758. .1825 
 
 Sowerby, Charles Edward. Naturalist I795 • • 1842 
 
 Sowerby, George Bettingham, brother. Naturalist 1788. .1854 
 
 Sowerby, James, brother. Naturalist and Artist 1767. . 1822 
 
 Soxini, or Soccini, Bartholomew. Civilian 1436. • 1507 
 
 Soxini, Laelius. Orientalist and Arian 1525. .1562 
 
 Soxini, or Soccini, Mariano. The Elder. Italian Canonist 1401 . . 1467 
 Soxini, Mariano. The Younger. Civilian and Canonist 1482. .1556 
 
 Soyer, Alexis. French Cook in England ; Writer 1800?. 1858 
 
 Soyuti. Arabic Scholar and Philosopher 1445 . • 1505 
 
 Sozoinen. Ecclesiastical Historian (324-415) — aft. 443 
 
 Spada, Lionel. Italian Painter 1576. .1622 
 
 Spaendonck, Gerard van. Flower and Miniature Painter 1752. .1822 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 377 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Spagnoletto, II. Josq)h Ribera. Painter 1 588 . . 1656 
 
 Spagnoli, Baptist. General of the Carmelites. Writer. . 1444. .1516 
 
 Spalatin, George. German Writer 1482. .1545 
 
 Spalding, George Louis. German Philologist 1762 .. 181 1 
 
 Spalding, John, of Aberdeen. Hist. { TrotiStes of Scotland) i6ogK 1670 
 Spalding, John Joachim. German Divine and Preacher 1714. .1804 
 Spalding, Lyman. American Physician and Surgeon. . . 1775 . . 1821 
 
 Spalding, Samuel. Philosophical Writer 1807 . . 1834 
 
 Spalding, William. Professor of Logic, St. Andrew's. . . — ••1859 
 
 Spallanzani, Lazarus. Italian Naturalist 1729. .1799 
 
 Spangenberg, Augustus Theophilus. German Divine. . 1704. .1792 
 Spanheim, Ezekiel. Statesman and Classical Scholar. . 1629. .1710 
 Spanheim, Frederick. Professor of Divinity at Leyden 1600. .1649 
 Spanheim, Frederick, son. Rector of Leyden University 1632. .1701 
 
 Sparre, Eric. Swedish Statesman and Writer i550- • 1600 
 
 Sparrmann, Andrew. Swedish Naturalist and Traveler 1747?. 1820 
 Sparrow, Anthony. Bishop of Exeter. (Praye?' Book). . 1620^.168^ 
 Spartacus. Roman Gladiator ; Leader of Servile Rebel- 
 lion (b. c. 73-71) — B.C. 71 
 
 Speckter, Erwin. German Painter 1806 . . 1835 
 
 Speed, John. Historian 1555?. 1629 
 
 Spegel, Haquin. Swedish Archbishop ; Historical Writer 1645 . . 1714 
 Speke, Captain John Hanning. African Explorer; Dis- 
 coverer of the Source of the Nile 1827, . 1864 
 
 Spelman, Edward. Classical Translator & Archaeologist — ••1767 
 Spelman, Sir Henry. Hist, and Anticj. Life by Gibson 1562. .1641 
 
 Spelman, Sir John, son. {Life of Alfred the Great) — . . 1643 
 
 Spence, Joseph. Divine and Critic. L. by Singer, 1820 1698. .1768 
 
 Spence, William. Entomologist 1783. .i860 
 
 Spencer, Ambrose, ll. d. American Jurist 1765 . . 1848 
 
 Spencer, Charles, Third Earl of Sunderland. Lord Lieut. 1674 . . 1 722 
 Spencer, Hon. & Rev. Geo. Passionist. Brother Ignatius — . . 1864 
 Spencer, or Despencer, Hugh, Lord. Favorite of Edw. 11. — . . 1326 
 Spencer, or Despencer, Hugh, son. FavoriteofEdw.il. — -.1326 
 Spencer, John, d. d. Divine. {De Legibus Hebrmorum) 1630. .1695 
 Spencer, John Canlield. American Jurist and Statesman 1788. .1855 
 Spencer, John Charles, Earl, Viscount Althorp, Chan- 
 cellor of Exchequer; Agricultural Reformer 1782. .1845 
 
 Spencer, Robt., 2d E. of Sunderland. Minister of Jas. II. 1641 ^ 1702 
 
 Spencer, William Robert. Translator of Lenore 177° ■ -1834 
 
 Spener, Philip James. Lutheran Divine. Founder of 
 
 the Pietists 1635 . . 1705 
 
 Spenser, Edmund. Poet. {Faery Queen.) Life by Todd; 
 
 Dr. Aikin ; J. Mitford; J. P. Collier i553^- 1599 
 
 Speranski, Michael. Russian Statesman and Reformer. 1771..1840 
 
 Sperling, John, of Wittemberg. Medical Writer 1603?. 1658 
 
 Sperling, Otto. German Physician and Botanist 1602. . 1681 
 
 Sperling, Otto. ( Monumenium Hamburgense) 1634. .1715 
 
 Speroni, Sperone. Italian Writer 1500. .1588 
 
 Speusippus, nephew of Plato. Academic Philosopher. .380 -'.339 B.C. 
 
 Spiegel, Henry. Poet. Dutch Ennius i549- • 1615 
 
 Spielman, Sir John. Paper Maker and Royal Jeweler. . — . .1626 
 Spielmann, James Reinhold. Ger. Chemist and Botanist 1 722 . . 1 783 
 
 Spierings, Henry- Dutch Landscape Painter 1633. .1715 
 
 Spiers, Albert van. Dutch Historical Painter 1666. . 1718 
 
378 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED, 
 
 Spigelius, or Yanden Spieghel, Adrian. Phys. and Anat. 1578. . 1625 
 
 Spilberg, John. Portrait and Historical Painter 1619. . 1690 
 
 Spiller, John. English Sculptor 1763. . 1794 
 
 Spindler, Charles. German Novelist 1796. . 1855 
 
 Spinello, Aretino. Italian Historical and Portrait Painter 1308?. 1400? 
 
 Spinello, Matthew. Italian Chronicler 1230. . 1268 
 
 Spinello, Paris, or Caspar. Painter 1366. . 1426? 
 
 Spinkes, Nathaniel. Nonjuring Bishop; Writer 1653^.1727 
 
 Spinola, Ambrose, Marquis of. Spanish General 1569. . 1630 
 
 Spinoza, Baruch, or Benedict. Dutch Philosopher. Life 
 by Colerus, 1706 ; Boulainvilliers, 1731; Lucas; Len- 
 glet du Fresnov ; Jaegar; Conrad von Orelli ; A. 
 Saintes,1842; gaisset, 1842 ; Berth. Auerbach, 1855. . 1632.. 1677 
 
 Spix, John Baptist von. Bavarian Medical Writer 1781 . . 1826 
 
 Spizelius, Theophilus. Ger. Writer. ( Chinese Literature) 1639. . 1691 
 
 Spofforth, Reginald. English Musical Composer 1768. . 1827 
 
 Spohn, Fred. Augustus William. Ger. Philos. and Philol. 1792 . . 1824 
 
 Spohr, Louis. German Musical Composer 1784. . 1859 
 
 Spon, Charles. French Physician, Scholar, and Latin Poet 1609. . 1684 
 
 Spon, James. French Antiquary and Traveler 1647. . 1685 
 
 Spondanus, or De Sponde, Henry. {Annales Sncri). . . . 1568. .1643 
 Spondanus, or De Sponde, John.' Homeric Scholar. . . . 1557. .1595 
 
 Spontini, Caspar. Italian Musical Composer ^77^- .1851 
 
 Spooner, Richard, m. p. Politician 1783. .1864 
 
 Spotswood, or Spottiswood, John. Archbishop of St. 
 
 Andrew's. {History of the Church of Scotland) 1565 . . 1639 
 
 Spragg, or Spragge, Sir Edward. Admiral — . . 1673 
 
 Spranger, Bartholomew. Dutch Painter 1546. . 1623 
 
 Sprat, Thomas. Bishop of Rochester. Historian and Poet 1636. .1713 
 
 Sprengel, Kurt. German Physician and Botanist 1766. .1833 
 
 Sprengel, Matthew Christian. German Historian 1746. . 1803 
 
 Spring, Samuel, d. d. American Divine 1746. . 1819 
 
 Spurstow, William, d. d. Nonconformist Divine — . . 1666 
 
 Spurzheim, John Caspar. Ger. Philos. and Phrenologist 1776. . 1832 
 
 Squarcione, Francis. Italian Painter i394- • i474 
 
 Squire, Samuel. Bishop of St. David's. Writer 1714- .1766 
 
 Staal, Margaret Jane Cordier de Launay, Baroness de. 
 
 ( Memoirs of her Life) 1693 . .1750 
 
 Staben, Henry. Flemish Historical and Portrait Painter 1578. .1658 
 
 Stackhouse, John. Botanist — . . 1819 
 
 Stackhouse, Rev. Thomas. {History of the Bible) 1680. .1752 
 
 Stadius, John. Dutch Historian and Astrologer 1527. .1579 
 
 Stael-Holstein, Anne Mary Louisa Germaine, Baroness 
 de, nee Necker. Writer." Life by Mai'ia Norris ; Mme. 
 
 Necker de Saussure 1766. . 1817 
 
 Staeudlin, Charles Frederick. German Theologian 1761 . . 1826 
 
 Stafford, Anthony. Writer. {Female Glory) — . . 1641 
 
 Stafford, William Howard, Viscount. Statesman. Vic- 
 tim of Popish Plot 1612. .1680 
 
 Stagnelius, Eric John. Swedish Poet i793- • 1823 
 
 Stahl, George Ernest. German Chemist and Physiologist 1660. .1734 
 Stahl, Julius Frederick. German Statesman and Author 1802. .1861 
 Stahremberg, Conrad Balthasar, Count de. Defender 
 
 of Vienna — • . 1687 
 
 Stahremberg, Guido Balde, Count de. Austrian General 1657. .1737 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 379 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Stair, James Dalrj'-mple {q. «.), First Viscount 1619. . 1695 
 
 Stair, Johin Dalrymple, 2d Earl of. Life by Anderson, 1747 1673 . .1747 
 
 Stalbent, Adrian. Dutch Painter 1580 . . 1660 
 
 Stampa, Gaspara. AnasiUa. Italian Poetess 1523' . 1554 
 
 Starapart, Francis. Dutch Painter at Vienna 1675 . . 1750 
 
 Standisli, Frank Hall. Writer 1798. . 1840 
 
 Standisli, Miles. Military Leader of Plymouth Pilgrims 1584?. 1656 
 Stanford, Rev. John, D. d. American Philanthropist. . . 1754. . 1834 
 Stanhope, Charles, Third Earl. Polit. & Scientific Writ. 1753. .1816 
 Stanhope, George, D. D. Dean of Canterbury. Divine. 1660. .1728 
 Stanhope, Lady Hester Lucy. Life by Dr. Merj'on, 1843 1766. . 1839 
 Stanhope, James, First Earl. General and Statesman . . 1673. .1721 
 Stanhope, Philip, Earl. Scholar and Patron of Learning 1714. .1786 
 Stanhope, Philip Dormer, Fourth Earl of Chesterfield. 
 
 {Letters.) Life by Maty 1694. .1773 
 
 Stanislaus I. LeszczynsM. King of Poland 1677. .1766 
 
 Stanislaus II. Augustus Poniatowslci. King of Poland 1732. .1798 
 Stanley, Edward. Bp. of Norwich. Life by A. P. Stanley 1 779 . . 1849 
 
 Stanley, John. Musical Composer 1713 • • 1786 
 
 Stanley, Thomas. Editor of ^schylus. {History of Phi- 
 losophy. ) Life by Sir E. Brydges 1625 . . 1678 
 
 Stannina, Gerard. Historical Painter 1344'. 1403 
 
 Stanyhvirst, Richard. Historian, Poet, and Divine 1545 ''.leiS 
 
 Stanzione, Cavaliere Masimus. Neapolitan Painter .... 1585 . . 1656 
 Stapel, John Bodisus de. Dutch Physician and Botanist — . . 1636 
 Stapledon, Walter. Bp. of Exeter. Found, of Exeter Coll. — ..1326 
 Stapleton, or Stapylton, Sir Robert. Royalist. Poet... — ..1669 
 Stapleton, Thomas. Roman Catholic Controversialist . . 1535.. 1598 
 
 Starck, John Augustus von. Theologian 1741 . . 1816 
 
 Stark, John. American Revolutionary Officer. Life by 
 
 Edward Everett 1728, . 1822 
 
 Stark, William, m. d. Medical Writer 1740. .1769 
 
 Starovloski, Simon. Polish Geog. and Biog. Writer ... — . , 1656 
 Stassart, Goswin Joseph Augustine, Baron. Belgian 
 
 Statesman and Writer 1780. . 1854 
 
 Staszic, Stanislaus. Polish Patriot and Philanthropist. . 1755. .1806 
 
 Statius, or Esta^o, Achilles. Portuguese Scholar 1524. . 1581 
 
 Statins, Publius Papinius. Lat. Poet. { Thebaid ; Achilles) 61'. 96? 
 Staudenmaier, Francis Anthony. Ger. Theol. & Philos. 1800. . 1856 
 
 Staudlin, Charles Frederick. German Theologian 1761. .1826 
 
 Staughton, Rev: Wm., d. d. Amer. Divine and Educator 1 770 . . 1829 
 Staunton, Sir George Leonard. {History of Embassy to 
 
 China.) Life by Sir G. T. Staunton .' 1737- • 1801 
 
 Staunton, Sir George Thomas, son. Writer on China . . 1781. .1859 
 Staupitz, John von. Vicar-Gen. ; Friend & Patron of Luther — . .1524 
 
 St&,veley, Thomas. Historian and Antiquary — . . 1683 
 
 Stay, Benedict. Philosopher and Latin Poet 1714- .1801 
 
 Stayner, or Stainer, Sir Richard: Admiral — . . 1662 
 
 Stebbing, Henry. Theologian. Opponent of Hoadly . . — ..1763 
 Stedraan, John 'Gabriel. Captain. Historical Writer . . 1745. .1797 
 Steele, Sir Richard. Essayist. Life by H. R. Mont- 
 gomery, 1864 1671 . .1729 
 
 Steen, John. Dutch Painter 1636. . 1689 
 
 Steenwyck, Henry. Flemish Painter 155° • • 1603 
 
 Steenwyck, Henry, son. Painter 1589. . — 
 
380 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Steevens, George. Commentator on Shakespeare 1736. . 1800 
 
 Stefaneschi, John Baptist. Historical Painter of Florence 1 582 . . 1659 
 
 Stefano. 11 Fiorentino. Italian Painter 1301 . . 1350 
 
 Stefano, Thomas di, son. II Giottino. Painter 1324. -1356 
 
 Stefifani, Augustine. Ital. Diplomatist and Mus. Composer 1655.. 1730 
 Stefltens, Henry. German Nat. and Novelist. {Autobiog.) 1773. .1845 
 
 Steibelt, Daniel. German Musical Composer 1 765'. 1823 
 
 Stein, Christian Godfrey Daniel. German Geographer. . 1771. .1830 
 Stein, Henr}' F. Charles, Baron von. Prussian Statesman 1757. . 183 1 
 
 Stella, Claudine Bousonnet. Engraver 1634 . . 1697 
 
 Stella, Francis. Painter 1563 . . 1605 
 
 Stella, Francis. French Painter 1601 . . 1661 
 
 SteUa, James, brother. Painter 1596. . 1647 
 
 SteUini, James. Italian Ethical Writer 1699. ,1770 
 
 Stenbock, Magnus. Swedish General 1664. .1717 
 
 Steno, Nicholas. Danish Prelate and Anatomist 1638. . 1687 
 
 Stephanus of Byzantium. Grammarian fl. 500? 
 
 Stephen, St. Protomartyr — 36 or 7 
 
 Stephenl. Pope (253-57) —..257 
 
 Stephen II. Elected 752, March 27; not consecrated; 
 
 omitted_by some . .^- ■ — . . 752 
 
 772 
 817 
 
 Stephen III., or 11. (752-57) — 
 
 Stephen IV., or III. (768-72) — 
 
 Stephen v., or IV. (816-17) — 
 
 Stephen VI., or V. (885-91.) Basil — 
 
 Stephen VII., or VI. (896-97) — 
 
 Stephen VIII., or VII. (929-31) — 
 
 Stephen IX., or VIII. (939-42) — 
 
 Stephen X., or IX. (1057-58.) Frederick — 
 
 Stephen I. King of Hungary (997-1038). Saint 979 
 
 Stephen II. (1114-31) iioo 
 
 StephenlU. (1161-73) — 
 
 Stephen IV., or V. (1270-72) — 
 
 Stephen. King of England 1 105 
 
 Stephen, of Muret, St. Founder of Monastery 1046 
 
 Stephen, of Tournay. French Theologian 1135 
 
 Stephen, Henry John. Sergeant-at-Law. Legal Writer 1786 
 Stephen, James. Master in Chancery. Emancipationist 1759 
 Stephen, Sir James. Professor of History ; Statesman and 
 
 Author. {Ecclesiastical Biography) 1789. 
 
 Stephen, John. Danish Historian and Antiquary 1599 
 
 Stephen-Bathori. King of Poland (1576-86) 1533 
 
 Stephens, Alexander. Miscellaneous Writer 1757 
 
 Stephens, Anthony. Printer 1592 
 
 Stephens, Charles. Printer 1 504 
 
 Stephens, Henry. French Printer 1460 
 
 Stephens, Henry. Printer. ( Greeh Thesaurus) 1528 
 
 Stephens, James Francis. Entomologist 1792 
 
 Stephens, Rev. Jeremy. Divine 1592, 
 
 Stephens, John. Jacobite Officer. Continuat. of Dugdale — , 
 Stephens, John Lloyd. American Traveler and Author. 
 
 {Incidents of Travel in Egypt, etc. ; Yucatan) 1805 , 
 
 Stephens, Paul. Printer 1566 
 
 Stephens, Robert. Printer. Editor of Greek Testament. 
 
 {Latin Thesaurus.) Life by W. P. Gresswell, 1833 . . 1503. .1559 
 
 . 897 
 • 931 
 . 942 
 .1058 
 .1038 
 .1131 
 
 •"73 
 .1272 
 .1154 
 .1124 
 .1203 
 .1864 
 .1832 
 
 .1859 
 .1650 
 .1586 
 .1821 
 .1674 
 
 •1564 
 .1520 
 .1598 
 .1852 
 .1665 
 .1726 
 
 .1852 
 .16277 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 381 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Stephens, Robert, son. Printer 1530- -1570 
 
 Stephens, Robert. Antiquary — . .1732 
 
 Stephenson, George. Engineer. Inventor of Locomotive 
 
 Steam Engine and Railways. Life by Smiles, 1859. . 1781. .1848 
 Stephenson, Robert, m. p., son. Engineer. Inventor of 
 
 Tubular Bridge. Life by JeafFreson and Pole 1803. . 1859 
 
 Stepney, George. Poet, Statesman, and Political Writer 1663. .1707 
 Sterling John. Critic and Essayist. Life by Archdeacon 
 
 Hare, 1848 ; Thomas Carlyle, 1851 1806. . 1844 
 
 Sterne, Rev. Lawrence. ( Tristram Shandy.) Life by Fitz- 
 gerald, 1863 1713..1768 
 
 Sterne, Richard. Archbishop of York 1596. . 1683 
 
 Stemhold, Thomas. Versifier of the Psalms — . . 1549 
 
 Stesichorus. Greek Lyric Poet 632?. 552? B.C. 
 
 Steuart, Sir James. Writer on Political Economy 1713- .1780 
 
 Steuben, Frederick William Augustus, Baron. German 
 Officer in the American Army of the Revolutionary 
 
 War. Life by Bowen; Kapp, 1860 1730. .i794 
 
 Stevens, Alexander. Architect — . .1796 
 
 Stevens, George Alexander. Novelist and Humorist. 
 
 {Lecturer on Heads) 1720?. 1784 
 
 Stevens, Isaac Ingalls. American General 1817. . 1862 
 
 Stevens, John. American Inventor i749- • 1838 
 
 Stevens, Richard James Samuel. Glee Composer 1756''. 1837 
 
 Stevens, Robert Livingston. American Inventor 1788. .1856 
 
 Stevens, William. Citizen of London. Religious Writer 1732. . 1807 
 Stevens, Dr. Wm. Barshaw. Div. and Poet. {Retirement) xjW -t^^oo 
 
 Stevenson, Andrew. American Statesman 1784- -1857 
 
 Stevenson, Sir John Andrew. Musical Composer 1761 . . 1833 
 
 Stevenson, John Hall. Humorous Poet and Satirist 1718. ,1705 
 
 Stevenson, Robert. Engineer of Lighthouses 1772. . 1850 
 
 Stevenson, Seth William. Journalist and Miscel. Writer 1 784. . 1853 
 
 Stevenson, William. Antiquary — . . 1821 
 
 Stevenson, William. Writer. {Progress of Discovery) iTjz. .iZzq 
 Stevin, Simon. Dutch Mathematician and Mechanician — . . 1633 
 Stewart, Rev. Alexander, d. d., of Dingwall. Gaelic Schol. — . . 182X 
 Stewart, Sir Charles William Vane, Third Marquess of 
 
 Londonderry. General. Life by Alison 1778. . 1854 
 
 Stewart, Dugald. Scottish Metaphysician. L. by Veitch 1753. . 1828 
 
 Stewart, Rev. James Haldane. Divine ". 1775 . . 1854 
 
 Stewart, John. Walking Stewart. Traveler — . .1822 
 
 Stewart, Matthew, d. d. Scottish Mathematician i7i7- -"'■7^$ 
 
 Stewart, Robert. Lord Castlereagh, Second Marquess of 
 
 Londonderry. Statesman. Life by Alison 1769.. 1822 
 
 Stewart Denham, Sir James. Political Economist 1713- .1780 
 
 Stieglitz, Christian Louis. Ger. Writer on Architecture 1756. .1836 
 
 Stieglitz, Henry. German Poet 1803 . . 1849 
 
 Stiernhielm, George. Swedish Scholar and Poet 1598. .1672 
 
 Stiernhoek, John. Swedish Jurist and Antiquary 1576. . 1675 
 
 Stifelius, Michael. German Algebraist and Prot. Divine 1509?. 1567 
 
 Stigand. Archbishop of Canterbury (1052-70) — . . 1070 
 
 Stiglmayer, John Baptist. Bavarian Sculptor 1791 • • 1^44 
 
 Stiles, Ezra. Amer. Divine and Hist. Life bv Kingsley 1727 . . 1795 
 Stilicho, Flavins. Roman General under Theodosius; 
 
 — .. 408 
 
382 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIBD. 
 
 Still, John. Bishop of Bath and Wells. ( Gammer Gur- 
 
 ton's Needle) 1 543 • • 1607 
 
 Stilling, John Henry. Jung. Pietist. Life by self. . . . 1740. .1817 
 Stillingfleet, Benjamin. Nat. and Poet. Life by Coxe 1702. .1771 
 Stillingfleet, Edward. Bishop of Worcester. Life by 
 
 Timothy Goodwin, 1710 1635 . . 1699 
 
 Stillraan, Kev. Samuel, D. d. American Clergyman i737- .1807 
 
 Stilpo. Greek Philosopher of Megara fl. b.c. 294 
 
 Stirling, James. Mathematician — aft. 1764 
 
 Stirling, Sir William Alexander, E. of. Poet. (Domesday) 1 580' . 1640 
 
 Stjernstolpe, Jonas Magnus. Swedish Writer i777 • • 1831 
 
 Stobseus, John. Classical Compiler fl. 5th c.'^ 
 
 Stock, Christian. German Orientalist. ( Clavls) 1672. .1733 
 
 Stock, Richard. Puritan Divine — . . 1626 
 
 Stock, Simon. General of the Carmelites — . .1265 
 
 Stockdale, Rev. PercevaL Miscel. Writer. Life by self 1736. .1811 
 
 Stocks, John Ellerton, m. d. Botanist 1822 . . 1854 
 
 Stockton, Richard. American Statesman ^73o. • 1781 
 
 Stodart, James, f. r. s. Cutler 1760. . 1823 
 
 Stoddard, Solomon. American Clergyman and Writer 1643. .1729 
 
 Stoddart, Captain. Envoy to Bokhara with Conolly — . . 1843 
 
 Stoddart, Sir John. Lawyer and Political Writer i773- .1856 
 
 Stoffler, John. German Mathematician and Astrologer . 1452.. 1 531 
 
 Stofflet, Nicholas. French Vendean Royalist 1751 • • 1796 
 
 Stolberg, Christian, Count von. Ger. Dramatist and Poet 1748. . 1821 
 Stolberg, Fred. Leopold, Count von, br. Poet and Trav. 1750. .1819 
 
 Stone, Edmund. Mathematician — . .1768? 
 
 Stone, Frank. Painter 1800 . . 1859 
 
 Stone, Henry. Old Stone. Statuary and Painter — . . 1653 
 
 Stone, John, brother. Statuary — . . 1660? 
 
 Stone, Nicholas. Sculptor; Master Mason to Charles I. 1586'. 1647 
 
 Stone, Nicholas, son. Statuary — . . 1647 
 
 Stone, Thomas. American Patriot i743- .1787 
 
 Stone, William Leete. American Journalist and Author 1792. .1844 
 Stonehouse, Rev. Sir James. Physician and Divine. . . 1716. . 1795 
 
 Storace, Anna Selina. Singer and Actress 1761 . . 1814 
 
 Storace, Stephen, brother. English Musical Composer. . 1763. . 1796 
 
 Storch, Henry Frederick von. Political Economist 1766. . 1835 
 
 Storck, Anthony, Baron von, of Vienna. Medical Writer 1731 . . 1803 
 
 Storer, James Sargent. ( Cathedrals) 1771^ 1853 
 
 Storer, Thomas. Poet. ( Wolsey) — . . 1604 
 
 Stork, Abraham. Dutch Marine Painter 1650. .1708 
 
 Storm, Edward. Danish Poet 1749- -1794 
 
 Storr, Gottlob Christian. German Theologian 1746. .1805 
 
 Storrs, William Lucius, ll. d. American Jurist 1795 . . 1861 
 
 Story-j Joseph. Amer. Jurist & Judge. L. by W.W. Story 1779. .1845 
 Story, Rev. Robert, of Rosneath. L. by R. H. Story, 1862 1790. .1859 
 Stbthard, Charles Alfred. Artist. ( Monumental Effigies. ) 
 
 Life by Mrs. C. A. Stothard (Mrs. Bray), 1823 1786. . 1821 
 
 Stothard, Thomas, r. a. Painter. L. by Mrs. Bray, 1852 1755 . . ^^34 
 Stow, John. Antiq. ( Survey of London. ) Life by Strype 1525.. 1605 
 
 StoweU, Rev. Hugh, of Manchester. Theologian i799- -1865 
 
 Stowell, William Scott, Lord. Admiralty Judge. Life by 
 
 W. Falconer and H. C Hamilton; W: E. Surtees, 1846 1745 . . 1836 
 Strabo. Greek Geographer B.c.54'' . a.d.24» 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 383 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Strada, Famiano. Historian. ( Wars in the Low Countries) 1572. . 1649 
 
 Strada, or Stradanus, John. Florentine Painter 1536. .1604? 
 
 Stradella, Alexander. Italian Musical Composer 1645?. 1678 
 
 Stradivarius, Anthony. Ital. Stringed- instrument Maker 1670?. 1728? 
 Straeten, or Streten, Henry van der. Dutch Landsc. Pa. 1680. . — 
 Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of. Statesman; exe- 
 cuted. Life by Sir G. Radcliffe 1593. . 1641 
 
 Strahan, William". Scottish Printer 1715 . , 1785 
 
 Stralenburg, Philip John. Swedish Officer and Writer . . 1676 . . 1 747 
 Strange, Sir Robert. Engraver. Life by self and Den- 
 
 nistoun, 1855 1721 . .1792 
 
 Strangford, Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe, Sixth Vis- 
 count. Diplomatist and Poet 1780. . 1855 
 
 Strathallan, William Drummond, Fourth Viscount. Jac- 
 obite ; fell at Culloden 1690. .1746 
 
 Stratico, Simon, Count. Italian Writer 1733 . .1824 
 
 Strauch, ^gidius, or Giies. Mathem. and Controversialist 1632 . . 1682 
 
 Strauss, John. German Composer 1804. . 1849 
 
 Streater, Robert. English Painter 1624. . 1680 
 
 Streek, Henry van. Flemish Historical Painter 1659. .1713 
 
 Streek, Jurian van. Flemish Painter 1632. . 1678 
 
 Strein, or Strinius, Richard, Baron von Schwartzenau. 
 
 Antiquary 1538. . 1600 
 
 Strickland, Hugh Edwin. Naturalist 1811 . . 1853 
 
 Strigelius, Victorinus. Reformer 1524. .1569 
 
 Strigul. See Strongbow — . .1176 
 
 Stroemer, or Stromer, Martin, of Upsal. Astronomer and 
 
 Natural Philosopher 1707. .1770 
 
 Strong, Caleb. American Statesman i745 • • 1819 
 
 Strongbow, Gilbert de Clare, First Earl of Pembroke .. . — ••1149 
 Strongbow, Richard de Clare, Lord of Strigul. Justice 
 
 of Ireland — ..1176 
 
 Stroth, Frederick Andrew. German Scholar i75o- -1795 
 
 Strozzi, Ciriaco. Italian Philosopher 1504- -1565 
 
 Strozzi, Hercules. Latin Poet 1471 . . 1 508 
 
 Strozzi, John Baptist. Writer and Patron of Learning, . 1551 . . 1634 
 
 Strozzi, Julius. Latin Poet. ( Venetia ^dificata) 1583. . 1660 
 
 Strozzi, Nicholas. Dramatic Poet 1590'' • 1654 
 
 Strozzi, Pallas. Statesman and Reviver of Learning . . . 1372. .1462 
 Strozzi, Philip. Republican of Florence. Life by Lorenzo 
 
 Strozzi; T. A. Trollope 1488.. 1538 
 
 Strozzi, Titus Vespasianus. Italian Latin Poet 1422? . 1 505 
 
 Strudell, Peter, of Vienna. Painter 1660?. 1717 
 
 Struensee, Chas. Augustus von. Ger. Statesm. & Auth. 1735 . . 1804 
 Struensee, John Frederick, Count, br. Court Favorite 1737.. 1772 
 
 Strutt, Joseph. Antiquary 1 749 . . 1802 
 
 Struve, Burkhard Gotthelf. Jurist 1671 . .1738 
 
 Struve, Frederick George William von. Russian Astron- 
 omer. ( Observationes Dorpatenses) 1793 • • ^^^4 
 
 Struve, George Adam. German Jurist 1619. . 1692 
 
 Struve, Henry, of Lausanne. Chemist and Mineralogist 1751 • . 1826 
 
 Struys, John. Dutch Traveler — . . 1694 
 
 Strype, Rev. John. Historian and Biographer 1643. .1737 
 
 Stuart, Arabella. Cousin of James 1 1575?. 1615 
 
 Stuart, Sir Charles. General i753- -iSoi 
 
384 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Stuart, Charles Edward. Young Pretender 1720. . 1788 
 
 Stuart, Daniel. Political Writer; Editor of Morning Post 1766. . 1846 
 Stuart, Lord Dudley Coutts, m. p. Friend of Poland . . . 1803. .1854 
 
 Stuart, Gilbert, ll,. d. Scottish Historian 1742''. 1786 
 
 Stuart, Gilbert Charles. American Portrait Painter 1756. .1828 
 
 Stuart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement. Cardinal York. 
 
 Henry IX 1725. .1807 
 
 Stuart, James. Antiquary and Architect. Athenian. 
 
 {Antiquities of Athens) 1713. .1788 
 
 Stuart, James, of Dunearn. Politician 1776. . 1849 
 
 Stuart, James E. B. " Confederate " General 1832?. 1864 
 
 Stuart, James Francis Edward. Elder Pretender. Son 
 
 of James II 1688. . 1765 
 
 Stuart, John, Fourth Earl and First Marquess of Bute. . . 1744. -1814 
 
 Stuart, John. Professor at Aberdeen. Antiquary 1751 • • 1827 
 
 Stuart, Moses. American Divine and Author 1780. . 1852 
 
 Stuart-Wortley, Lady Emmeline. Tourist and Writer 1806. .1855 
 
 Stubbe, Henry. Writer 1631 . , 1676 
 
 Stubbe, or Stubbs, John. Polit. Writer, and Sufferer i54i?.aft.i582 
 Stubbs, George. Anatomist and Painter of Animals . . . 1724. . 1806 
 Stuckius, John William. Divine, Philologist, and Antiq. 1542 . . 1607 
 
 Studly, John. English Poet — . .1587 
 
 Stuerbout, Dirk. Dirk van Haarlem. Dutch Painter. .. 1410?. 1470 
 
 Stukeley, Rev. William, m. d. Antiquary 1687. . 1765 
 
 Stunica, James Lopez. Spanish Divine and Philologist — ••i53° 
 Sturge, Joseph. Philanthropist. Life by Henry Richard — . . 1859 
 
 Sturgeon, William. Electrician ^7^3- • *^5° 
 
 Sturleson. Icelandic Historian. See Snorro 1178. . 1241 
 
 Stvu-m. Abbot of Fulda. Life by Anscarius — . . 779 
 
 Sturm, Christopher Christian. Ger. Divine. {Reflections) 1740. .1786 
 Sturm, or Sturmius, James, of Strasburg. Reformer . . . 1489. .1553 
 Sturm:, Jas. Chas. Francis. Mathem. {Sturm^s Theorem) 1803. .1855 
 Sturra, John. German Cicero. Printer and Scholar. . . . 1507. .1589 
 
 Sturm, John Christopher. Mathematician 1635 . . 1703 
 
 Sturm, Leonard Christopher. German Architect 1669. .1719 
 
 Sturt, John. Engraver 1658. .1730 
 
 Sturtevant, Simon. Metallurgist. (Metallica) fl. 1624 
 
 Sturz, Helfrich Peter. German Writer 1736 . .1776 
 
 Stuven, Ernest. German Painter 1657. .1712 
 
 Stuyvesant, Peter. Last Dutch Director-General of New 
 
 Netherlands 1602 . . 1682 
 
 Style, William. Law Writer. (Reports) 1603. . 1679 
 
 Stylites, Simeon. Syrian Ascetic fl. 5th c. 
 
 Suard, John Baptist Anthony. French Writer i734- .1817 
 
 Suarez, Francis, of Granada. Jesuit. Theologian. Life 
 
 by Deschamps, 1671 1548. .1617 
 
 Suavius, or Schwab, Lambert. Engraver 1506. .1565 
 
 Subleyras, Peter. French Painter 1699 . . 1 794 
 
 Subtermans, or Sustermans, Justus, of Antwerp. Paint. 1597 . . 1681 
 
 Suchet, Louis Gabriel. French Marshal 1772. . 1826 
 
 Suckling, Sir John. Poet and Courtier. Life by the Rev. 
 
 A. Suckling, 1836 1609.. 1642? 
 
 Sucre, Anthony Joseph de. South American General . , 1793. .1830 
 
 Sue, Eugene. French Novelist 1804. . 1857 
 
 Bue, John. French Medical Writer 1699. . 1762 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 385 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Sue, John Joseph, brother. Anatomical Writer 1710. . 1792 
 
 Suetonius Paiilinus. Roman Commander in Britain. . fl. ti. Nero 
 
 Suetonius Tranquillus, Caius. Roman Historian 70'. — 
 
 Suett, Richard. Comic Actor — . . 1805 
 
 Sueur, Eustace Le. French Painter 1617. . 1655 
 
 Sueur, John Francis le. French Musical Composer 1760. . 1837 
 
 Sueur, Nich. le. Suxhrim. Fr. Lawyer ; Transl. of Pindar 1 545 "^ 1 594 
 
 Sueur, Thomas le. French Mathematician 1703 . . 1 770 
 
 Suffolk, Henrietta, Countess of. Court Beaut}' — . . 1 767 
 
 Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, First Earl of. Lord Chanc. — . .1389 
 Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, son, Second Earl of; died at 
 
 Hartieur — . .1415 
 
 Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, son, Third Earl of; fell at 
 
 Agincourt — ••1415 
 
 Suffolk, William de la Pole, brother, First Duke of. Lord 
 
 Chancellor, and Lord High Admiral. Beheaded .... — . . 1450 
 
 Suffren, John. French Jesuit. {Annee Chretienne) 1565. .1641 
 
 Suffren St.-Tropez, Peter Andrew de. French Admiral 1726. . 1788 
 Suger. Abbot of St. Denys. Minister of Louis VIL of 
 
 France. Life by A. F. Gervaise ; M. Baudier 1087. .1152 
 
 Suhm, Peter Frederick von. Danish Historian 1728. .1798 
 
 Suieer, John Caspar. Patristic Scholar. ( Thesaurus) . . 1620. .1684 
 Suicer, John Henry, son. Scholar. L. by J. R. Wolff, 1745 1644. .1705 
 
 Suidas. Greek Lexicographer fl. loth c.^ 
 
 Suleiman. See Soliman. 
 
 Sxolivan, Sir Richard Joseph, m. p. Writer and Tourist — . .1806 
 
 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius. Roman Dictator 138. 78 B.C. 
 
 Sullivan, George. American Lawyer and Statesman. . . 1774. .183S 
 Stillivan, James. Gov. of Massachusetts; Polit. Writer 1744. •1808 
 Sullivan, John. American Revolutionary General. Life 
 
 by 0. W. B. Peabody 1740- -1795 
 
 Sullivan, William, ll. d. American Writer i774- • 1839 
 
 Sully, Maximilian de #dthune, Duke of. French Soldier 
 
 and Statesman. {Memoirs) i559- • 1641 
 
 Sulpicia. Latin Poetess ; fl. 100? 
 
 Siilpicius Rufus, Publius. Roman Orator 124.87 B.C. 
 
 Sulpicius Severus. Roman Ecclesiastical Writer .... 363''.aft.4io 
 
 Sulzer, John George. Swiss Writer 1720. .1779 
 
 Sumarokoff, Alexander Petrovitch. Russian Poet and 
 
 Dramatist '^7^7 . .1790 
 
 Summerfield, John. American Clergyman. Life by J. 
 
 Holland, 1829 1798. .1825 
 
 Sumner, Edwin Vose. American General 1796. .1863 
 
 Sumner, Increase. American Judge and Statesman. . . . 1746. . 1799 
 Sumner, John Bird. Archbishop of Canterbury- (1848-62) 1780. . 1862 
 Sumter, Thomas. American Revolutionarj' General. . , . 1734'. 1832 
 Sunderland, Charles Spencer, Third Earl of. Statesman 1674. .1722 
 Sunderland, Henry Spencer, First E. of; fell at Newbury 1620. .1643 
 Sunderland, Robert Spencer, Second Earl of. Statesman 1641 ?. 1702 
 Sundon, Charlotte,Viscountess. L. by Mrs.Thomson, 1847 — ••1742 
 Surenhusius, William. Orient. ; Editor of the Mishna fl. 1698-1 71 5 
 
 Surowiecki, Wawrzyniec. Polish Author 1796. .1827 
 
 Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of. Poet. L. by Dr. Nott I5i5?.i547' 
 Sxirtees, Robert. Antiquary and Poet. {History of Dur- 
 ham.) Life by G. Taylor, in Hist, of Durham, 1839 . . 1779. . 1834 
 25 
 
386 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DfED. 
 
 Suso, Henry. Amandus. German Mystic 1300''. 1365 
 
 Sussex, Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of i773- • 1843 
 
 Siissmilcli, John Peter. German Divine and Political 
 
 Economist 1708. .1767 
 
 Sustermans, or Sutermans, Justus. Flemish Painter. . . 1597. .1681 
 
 Sutcliffe, Dr. Matthew. Controversialist Divine — . . 1629 
 
 Sutton, Amos, d. d. Missionary 1798. . 1854 
 
 Sutton, Charles Manners. Abp. of Canterbury (1805-28) 1755 . . 1828 
 
 Sutton, Christopher, d. d. {Learn to Die) n. 1600 
 
 Sutton, Richard. Co-founder of Brazenose College — . .1524 
 
 Sutton, Thomas. Merchant. Founder of Charter House 1532. . 161 1 
 Suwarroflf, Alexander Vasilievitch, Count. Russian Field 
 
 Marshal and Generalissimo. Life by self ; Anthing.. 1729.. 1800 
 
 Swaramerdam, John. Naturalist and Anatomist 1637. . 1681 
 
 Swan, Rev. Charles. Author of Travels and Poems. 
 
 ( Gesta Romanwum) — . . 1838 
 
 Swanevelt, or Swanefeld, Herman van. Painter 1620. . 1680 
 
 Swartz, Olof. Swedish Botanist 1760. . 1817 
 
 Swedberg, Jesper. Swedish Theologian ^653. .1735 
 
 Swedenborg, Emanuel, son. Life by J. G. G. Wilkin- 
 son, 1849; Hobart, 1831 and 1862.' 1689. .1772 
 
 Swett, John Appleton, m. d. American Physician 1808. .1854 
 
 Swieten, Gerard van. Dutch Phys. and Medical Writer 1700. .1772 
 
 Swift, Deane. Biographer of Dean Swift — . .1783 
 
 Swift, Jonathan. Dean of St. Patrick's ; Writer. Life by 
 
 Hawkesworth ; Sheridan ; Johnson ; Sir W. Scott ; D. 
 
 Swift, 1753 1667. .1745 
 
 Swift, Theophilus. Political Writer — . . 181 5 
 
 Swift, Zephaniah. American Judge i759- • 1823 
 
 Swinburne, Henry. Jurist — 1620 or 4 
 
 Swinburne, Henry. Traveler 1752- • 1803 
 
 Swinden, John Henry van. Mathem. and Astronomer 1746. .1823 
 Swinden, Tobias. English Divine. {Naiur^f Hell) . . . —..1720 
 
 Swinnock, George. Ejected Nonconformist Divine — . . 1673 
 
 Swinton, Rev. John. ' Antiquary i7o3- • 1 777 
 
 Swithun, St. Bishop of Winchester. Life by Wolstan — . . 862 
 
 Sybrecht, John. Landscape Painter 1625 . .1703 
 
 Sydenham, Charles Edward Powlett Thompson, Lord. 
 
 Governor-General of Canada. Life by Scrope, 1843 1799.. 1841 
 
 Sydenham, Floyer. Scholar; Translator of Plato 1710. . 1787 
 
 Sydenham, Thos., m. d. Physician. L. by Dr. Johnson 1 624 . . 1689 
 Sykes, Authur Ashley, d. d. Divine. Life by Disney. . 1684?. 1756 
 
 Sylburgius, Frederick. German Philologist 1536. .1596 
 
 Sylla, or Sulla, Lucius Cornelius. Roman Statesman and 
 
 Soldier; Dictator 138-78 B.C. 
 
 Sylverius, or Silverius. Bishop of Rome (536-38) — • • 538 
 
 Sylvester. Pope. See Silvester. 
 
 Sylvester, Joshua. Silver-tongued. Poet 1563. . 1618 
 
 Sylvester, Matthew. Nonconf Divine. Editor of Baxter — ..1708 
 
 Sylvius, yEneas. Pope Pius II 1405. .1464 
 
 Sylvius, Francis. Du Bois. French Classical Scholar . . —..1530 
 Sylvius, Francis. Dubois de le Boe. Dutch Chemist and 
 
 Physician 1614. . 1672 
 
 Sylvius, James. Du Bois. French Physician 1478. .1555 
 
 Sylvius, Lambert. Van den Bosch. Dutch Writer 1610'. 1688 
 
 J 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 387 
 
 BOEN. DIED.' 
 
 Symes, Michael. Colonel. Envoy. {Embassy to Ava) . . — ..1809 
 
 Symmachus. Bishop of Rome (498-514) — . . 514 
 
 Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius. Roman Statesman and 
 
 Author fl. 4th c. 
 
 Symmaclius tlie Samaritan fl. ab. 200 
 
 Symnaes, John Cleves. American Soldier and Projector 1780-''. 1829 
 
 Symmons, Caroline. Poet 1788.. 1812 
 
 Symmons, Rev. Charles, d. d. Poet and Writer i749- • 1826 
 
 Syinonds, Sir William. Admiral. L. by J. A. Sharp, 1857 1 782 . . 1856 
 Syncellus, George. Greek Historian. ( Chrom)graphy) — . . 800? 
 Synesius, of Cyrene. Bp. of Ptolemais. Philos. and Poet 379^. 431' 
 
 Synge, Edward. Archbishop of Tuam 1659 . . 1741 
 
 Sjrphax. Numidian Prince 249? . 201 B.C. 
 
 Szalkai, Anthony von. Hungarian Poet — . . 1804 
 
 Sz6ch6nyi, Stephen, Count von. Hungarian Statesman 1791. .i860 
 Szegedi, John Baptist. Jesuit. Writer on Hungary . , . 1699. .1760 
 Sze-ma-Kwang. Chinese Historian and Poet ......... loiS?. 1086 
 
 Sze-ma-tseen. Chinese Historian 145 ''.80'' B.C. 
 
388 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 T. 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Tabari, Abu Jaafar Mahomet. Arabian Historian 839. . 922 
 
 TabernsBmontaiius, James Theodore. German Physi- 
 cian and Botanist 1520?. 1590 
 
 Tabor, John Otho. German Jurist 1604 . . 1674 
 
 Tabourot, Stephen. French Writer i547- • ^59° 
 
 Tacca, Peter James. Italian Sculptor — . . 1640 
 
 Tachard, Guy. Jesuit Missionary to Siam — . . 1694 
 
 Tacitus, Caius Cornelius. Historian. Life by Murphy. . 5o?.aft.ii7' 
 Tacitus, Marcus Claudius. Roman Emperor (275-76) . . 200 ^ 276 
 Taconnet, Toussaint Caspar. French Actor and Poet. . 1730. .1774 
 
 Tacquet, Andrew. Dutch Jesuit; Mathematician 1611 . . 1660 
 
 Tafll, Andrew. Italian Painter 1213 . . 1294 
 
 Tagliacozzi, or Taliacotius, Caspar. Italian Surgeon. . . 1489. .1553 
 
 Talbert, Francis Xavier. French Elocje Writer 1728. . 1803 
 
 Talbot, Miss Catherine. Writer. Life by Pennington. . 1720. .1770 
 
 Talbot, Charles, Duke of Shrewsbury. Statesman 1660. .1717 
 
 Talbot, Charles, Lord. Lord Chancellor 1684. .1737 
 
 Talbot, John, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury. Warrior in France 1373 . . 1453 
 Talbot, Peter. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin. 
 
 {De Natura Fidei) 1620 . . 1680 
 
 Talbot, Richard, Duke of Tyrconnel, brother. Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland — . . 1691 
 
 Talbot, Robert. Antiquary and Divine — • • ^SS^ 
 
 Talbot, Silas. American Military and Naval Officer. 
 
 Life by H. T. Tuckerman, 1850 1750?. 1813 
 
 Talbot, William. Bishop of Durham 1659. . 1730 
 
 Talfovird, Francis. Comic Dramatist 1827?. 1862 
 
 Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon. Judge. Writer 1795.. 1854 
 
 Taliacotius. See Tagliacozzi : 1489. .1553 
 
 Taliesin. Welsh Bard ^. 520-70 
 
 Tallart, or Tallard, Camille de la Baume, Coimt of. Mar- 
 shal of France 1652 . . 1 728 
 
 Talleyrand, Henry de, Ct. de Chalais. Fav. of Louis XIIL 1 599 . . 1626 
 TalleyTand-P6rigord, Alex. Angeli^jue de. Card.-Abp. 1736. . 1821 
 TaUeyrand-P6rigord, Charles Maurice, Prince of. Fr. 
 
 Diplomatist. ( Memoirs) 1 754 . . 1838 
 
 Talleyrand-P6rigord, Elias de. Fr. Cardinal ; Negotiator 1301 . .1364 
 
 Tallien, John Lambert. French Revolutionist 1769. . 1820 
 
 Tallis, Thomas. Musician 1529. .1585 
 
 Tallmadge, Benjamin. American Revolutionary Officer 1754. . 1835 
 
 Tallmadge, Janies, ll. d. Statesman ." 1778 . .1853 
 
 Talma, Francis Joseph. Fr. Tragedian. Life by Moreau 1763 . . 1826 
 Talmont de la Trimoille, Prince de. Vendean Royalist — • • 1 793 
 
 Tambroni, Clotilda. Greek Professor at Bologna 1758, . 1817 
 
 Tambroni, Joseph, brother. Italian Poet and Historian 1773. .1824 
 Tamburini, Peter, of Brescia. Theologian. (Idea della 
 
 Santa Sede) i737- • 1827 
 
 Tamerlane, or Timour. Tartar Conqueror. LifebyArab- 
 schah; James Golius; Samuel Clarke, 1676; P^tis de 
 
 la Croix, 1723 1 1336?. 1405 
 
 Tancred. King of Sicily (1189-94) — . . 1194 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 389 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Tandy, James Napper. Irish Rebel Politician i757- • 1803 
 
 Taney, Roger Brooke. Chief Justice of the United States 1777. . 1864 
 
 Tannahill, Robert. Scottish Poet i774- • 1810 
 
 Tanner, Thos. Bp. St. Asaph. Antiq. (Notilia Monast.) 1674. .17^$ 
 Tannevot, Alexander. French Dramatist and Writer . . 1692. .1773 
 
 Tansillo, Louis. Italian Poet 1510'. 1568 
 
 Tanucci, Bernard, Marquis de. Neapolitan Statesman 
 
 and Patron of Letters 1698 . . 1783 
 
 Tappan, Rev. David, d. d. Amer. Clergyman and Writer 1753. . 1803 
 
 Tardieu, Nicholas Henry. French Engraver 1674. .1749 
 
 Targe, John Baptist. Italian Historian 1720?. 1788 
 
 Targioni-Tozetti, John. Italian Physician 1712. .1783 
 
 Tarin, Peter. French Medical Writer — . .1761 
 
 Tarleton, Bannastre. English Officer in America i754- • 1833 
 
 Tarleton, Richard. Jester — . . 1588 
 
 Tarquinius Superbus. Last King of Rome — 3ft.496 b.c. 
 
 Tarrakanoff, Anna Petrowna. Russian Princess 1755 . . 1777 
 
 Tartaglia, Nicholas. Italian Mathematician 1490?. 1557 
 
 Tartini, Joseph. Italian Musical Composer 1692. .1770 
 
 Taruffl, Emilius. Italian Landscape Painter 1632. . 1694 
 
 Tarixffi, Joseph Anthony. Italian Poet 1722. .1786 
 
 Tarver, John Charles. 'French Philologist 1790- .1851 
 
 Tasker, Rev. William. Translator of Horace and Pindar — . . 1800 
 
 Tasman, Abel Janssen. Dutch Navigator 1600?. aft. 1644 
 
 Tassie, James. Scottish Modeler and Numismatist i735 • -1799 
 
 Tassin, Ren^ Prosper, of St. Maur. Historian 1677. .1777 
 
 Tasso, Bernardo. Italian Poet. {Amadis) i493' -iS^g 
 
 Tasso, Torquato, son. Poet. {Jerusalem Delivered.) Life 
 
 by Battista Manso, 1634, abridged by Abb6 de Charles, 
 
 1690 ; Hoole, 1762 ; A. Fabroni, 1800 ; John Black, 1810 ; 
 
 P. A. Serassi; J. B. A. Suard; Rev. R. Mihnan, 1850 1544. .1595 
 Tassoni, Alexander. ItaHan Critic and Poet. {La Sec- 
 
 chia Rapita.) Life by Gironi ; Muratori 1565 • '. 1635 
 
 Tate, Francis. Lawyer and Antiquary 1560. . 1616 
 
 Tate, Nahum. Poet. Versifier of the Psalms 1652. .1715 
 
 Tatian. Christian Apologist. (A670S Trpos^EAArji/as) .... fl. 172 
 
 Tatischef, Vassili. Russian Historian 1686. .1750 
 
 Tatius, Achilles. Alexandrian Rhetorician and Bishop. . fl. 500'' 
 
 Tatwine. Archbishop of Canterbury (731-34). — . . 734 
 
 Taube, Frederick William von, ll. d. Ger. Hist. Writer 1728. .1778 
 
 Taubmann, Frederick. German Writer and Poet 1565 . . 1613 
 
 Tauler, John, of Strasbourg. Mystic Divine 1290?. 1361 
 
 TaureUius, or Torelli, Lailius. Italian Jurist; Editor of 
 
 Pandects 1489 . .1576 
 
 Tausen, or Tagesen, John. Danish Protestant Reformer 1494. . 1561' 
 Tavannes, Caspar de Saulx, Lord of. Marshal of France. 
 
 Life by his son John 1509- -1573 
 
 Tavannes, John de Saulx, Vsct. de, son. Marshal of Ft. 1555 . . 1630? 
 Tavannes, William de Saulx, Ld. of, br. {Hist. Memoirs) 1553.. 1633 
 
 Tavarone, Lazarus. Genoese Painter 1556- • 1641 
 
 Taverner, John. Organist and Musical Composer n. 1533* 
 
 Taverner, Richard. Religious Writer 1505 • • i575 
 
 Tavernier, John Baptist, Baron d'Aubonne. French 
 
 Traveler and Merchant 1605 . . 1689 
 
 Taylor, Ann (Mrs. Gilbert). Writ. {Maternal Solicitude) —..1830 
 
390 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Taylor, Brook, ll. d. Mathematician 1685 . .1731 
 
 Taylor, Charles. Biblical Writer; Editor of Calmet — . . 1821 
 
 Taylor, Chevalier John. Oculist — aft.1767 
 
 Taylor, George. American Patriot 1716. .1781 
 
 Taylor, George W. American General 1808. . 1862 
 
 Taylor, Rev. Henry. Divine 171 1 .. 1785 
 
 Taylor, Sir Herbert. General i 1775 . .1839 
 
 Taylor, Isaac. Indep. Minister of On^ar ; Writ, for Young 1 759 . . 1829 
 Taylor, Isaac. Author. {Natural History of Enthusiasm) 1787.. 1865 
 
 Taylor, James. Mechanician i757-- 1825 
 
 Taylor, Jane. {Hymns for Infant Minds) '^I'^Z- • 1824 
 
 Taylor, Jeremy. Bishop. Life by Bishop Heber; Rev. 
 
 Kaye Bonney, 1815; Rev. R. A. Willmott, 1846 1613. .1667 
 
 Taylor, John. Water Poet 1580?. 1654 
 
 Taylor, John, d. d. Unitarian, of Norwich 1674. .1761 
 
 Taylor, John, ll. d. Critic and Philosopher 1703- .1766 
 
 Taylor, John. Poetical and Miscellaneous Writer. .... . — ..1832 
 
 Taylor, John. Mining Engineer and Mineralogist. ..... — . . 1863 
 
 Taylor, John. Currency Reformer. {Junius Identif ed) ly Si. .iS6^ 
 Taylor, Nathaniel William, d. d. American Theologian 1786. .1858 
 
 Taylor, Richard. Printer and Naturalist 1781 . . 1858 
 
 Taylor, Richard Cowling. Geologist 1789. .1851 
 
 Taylor, Sir Robert. Sculptor and Architect. Founder 
 
 of Taylor Institute 1714- .1788 
 
 Taylor, Rowland, ll. d. Marian Martyr — . .1555 
 
 Taylor, Silas. Domville or Z>' Omville. Antiquary 1624. .1678 
 
 Taylor, Stephen William, ll. d. American Educator. . . 1791 . . 1856 
 
 Taylor, Thomas. Puritan Divine 1576. . 1632 
 
 Taylor, Thomas. Platonist. Scholar and Translator. . . 1758. .1835 
 Taylor, William, of Norwich. Critic and Translator from 
 
 the German. Life by J. W. Robberds, 1843 1765 . . 1836 
 
 Taylor, William Cooke, ll. d. Miscellaneous Writer. . . 1800. .1849 
 Taylor, Gen. Zachary. 12th President of U. S. (1849-50) 1784. . 1850 
 TcMng Tching Kong. Koxinga. Chinese Admiral. . . — ..1670 
 
 Tebaldeo, or Tibaldeo, Anthony. Italian Poet 1456. -1538 
 
 Tecumseh. Indian Chief ' 1770''. 1813 
 
 Tedeschi, or Tudeschi, Nich. Panormitanus. Cardinal 1386. .1445 
 
 Tegel, Eric. Swedish Historian — . . 1638 
 
 Tegn6r, Esaias. Swedish Poet and Divine 1782. . 1846 
 
 Teignmoutli, John Shore, Lord. Gov.-Gen. L. bv son 1751 . . 1834 
 Teissier, Anthony. French Writer in Prussia. {Eloges) 1632. .1715 
 
 Tekeli, Emeric. Hungarian Patriot, 1658. .1705 
 
 Teleclides. Athenian Comic Poet fl. b.c. 444? 
 
 Teleky, or Teleki, L4szl6, Count. Hungarian Patriot. . . 1811 . . 1861 
 Telemann, George Philip. German Musical Composer. . 1681 . .1767 
 Telesio, Bernardin. Ital. Philos. ( De Natura Rer-um) 1 508 or 9 . 1 588 
 Telesphorus. Bishop of Rome, elected April 5, 127'''. . . — .. 138 
 Telford, Thomas. Civil Engineer. Life by self, 1838 ... 1 757 . . 1834 
 
 TeU, William. Swiss Patriot — . . 1354' 
 
 Teller, William Abraham. German Protestant Theologian 1734. . 1804 
 
 Tellez, Balthasar. Portuguese Historian 1595 . . 1675 
 
 Tellez, Gabriel. Tirso de Molina. Spanish Dramatist. . 1585?. 1648 
 
 Tellier, Michael. French Jesuit Theologian 1643. .1719 
 
 TeUier, Michael le. French Lawyer and Statesman 1603. . 1685 
 
 Tellier, Michael Francis le, Mqs. 01 Louvois, son. Minister 1641 . . 1691 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 391 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Temanza, Thomas. Italian Architect 1705 • -1789 
 
 Tempelhof, Geo. Fred. Ger. Officer and Military Writer 1 737 • • 1807 
 
 Tempesta, Anthony. Painter i555 • • ^^3° 
 
 Tempesta, or Molyn, Peter. Pietro MuUer. Storm Paint. 1637 . . 1 701 
 
 Temple, Sir John. {History of the Irish Rebellion) — . .1677 
 
 Temple, Kich-ard Grenville, Earl. Statesman 1711 . .1777 
 
 Temple, Sir William. Statesman and Writer. Life by 
 
 J. P. Courtenay, 1836 ^ 1628. . 1699 
 
 Templeman, Peter, m. d. Physician and Writer ; Trans- 
 lator of Norden's Travels ....1711..1 769 
 
 Tencin, Claudine Alexandrine Gu^rin de. Romancist. . 168 1 . .1749 
 Tencin, Peter Guerin de, br. Cardinal; Prime Minister 1680. .1758 
 
 Teniers, David. Elder. Flemish Painter 1582 . . 1649 
 
 Teniers, David, son. Younger. Painter 1610. . 1694' 
 
 Tenison, Thomas. Archbishop of Canterbury 1636. .1715 
 
 Tennant, Smithson. Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge 1 761 . . 1815 
 Tennant, Prof. William. Poet and Philol. {Anster Fair) 1785. .1848 
 Tennemann, Wm. Theoph. ( Geschichte der Fhilosophie) 1761 . . 1819 
 Tennent, Gilbert. American Clergyman and Writer. . , 1703. .1764 
 Tennent, Rev. William, brother. Famous for Trance. 
 
 Life by E. Boudinot .• 1705.. 1777 
 
 Tenon, James Ren^. French Medical Writer 1724. • 1816 
 
 Tenterden, Charles Abbott, Lord. Lord Chief Justice. . 1762. .1832 
 Tentori, Christopher. {History of the Republic of Venice) 1745 • • 1810 
 Tentzel, William Ernest. Ger. Antiquary and Historian 1659. .1707 
 
 Teploff, Gregory Nicolaievitch. Russian Writer — . .1779 
 
 Teramo, James'de. Palladino. Archbishop of Tarentum. 
 
 ( Trial of Belial) i349- • 1417 
 
 Terburg, Gerard. Dutch Painter 1608 . . 1681 
 
 Terceira, Duke of. Portuguese General and Statesman 1792. .i860 
 
 Terence. Latin Comedian 194'. 159? B.C. 
 
 Terentianus, Maurus. Latin Poet and Grammarian. . . fl. 100'' 
 Ternaux, William Louis, Baron. French Manufacturer 1763. .1833 
 
 Terpander. Father of Greek Music fl. 7th c. B.C. 
 
 Terrasson, Anthony. Fr. Lawyer. {Roman JmHsprudence) 1705. .1782 
 
 Terrasson, John. French Philosopher and Critic 1670. . 1750 
 
 Terrasson, Matthew. French Lawyer 1669. .1734 
 
 Terray, Joseph Mary. French Statesman 1715 • -^77^ 
 
 Terry, Daniel. Comedian 1 780? . 1828 
 
 Terry, Rev. Edward. Traveler to Mogul Court. ( Voyage 
 
 to East Indies) 1590''. 1660 
 
 Tersteegen, Gerhard. German Hymn Writer 1697. .1769 
 
 Tertre, Francis Joachim Duport du. French Hist. Writer 1715 . .1759 
 Tertre, John Baptist du. Missionary to America. {His- 
 tory of Antilles) 1610. . 1687 
 
 Tertre, Rodolph. Fr. Jesuit; Divine and Metaphysician 1667^1762 
 TertuUian, Quintus Septimius Florens. Latin Father. 
 
 Life by Jerome; Neander, 1825; Hesselberg, 1848. . . 160?. 240? 
 
 Terwesten, Augustin. Dutch Painter 1649. .1711 
 
 Terwesten, Elias, brother. Fruit and Flower Painter . . 1651 . . 1724 
 
 Terwesten, Matthew, brother. Historical Painter 1670. .1735 
 
 Tesi, Mauro Antonio. II Maurino. Italian Painter 1730. .1766 
 
 Tessier, Alexander Henry. French Agricultural Writer 1742. .1837 
 Tessin, Charles Gustavus, Count. Swedish Statesman. . 1695. .1770 
 Tessin, Nicodemus, Count. Swedish Architect 1654. . 1728 
 
392 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Testa, Peter. 11 Lucchesim. Painter and Engraver 1611 , . 1650 
 
 Testelin, Henry. French Painter 1616. . 1695 
 
 Testelin, or Tettelin, Louis, brother. Historical Painter 1615. .1655 
 
 Testi, Fulvius, Count. Italian Poet i593' • 1646 
 
 Tetzel, or Tezel, John. Vendor of Indulgences. Life by 
 
 Hoffmann, 1844; Grone, 1858 1450?. 1519 
 
 Texeira, or Texera, Joseph. Portuguese Genealogist. . . 1543. .1604 
 Texeira, or Texera, Peter. Portuguese Persian Scholar 1570.aft.1610 
 
 Textor, Ravisius. JohnTixier. French Writer 1480?. 1524 
 
 Thaarup, Thomas. Danish Poet and Dramatist ^749- • 1821 
 
 Thabet ben Korrah. Physician and Philos. at Bagdad 835 or 6 . 901 
 Thabet ben Senan, grandson. Phys. & Philos. at Bagdad — 973 or 4 
 Thacher, James, m. d. American Physician and Author 1754. . 1844 
 
 Thacher, Peter, d. d. American Clergyman 1752. .1802 
 
 Thacher, Samuel Cooper, son. Clergyman. Life by F. 
 
 W. P. Greenwood 1785.. 1815 
 
 Thackeray, William Makepeace. L. by Theoph. Taylor 181 1. 1863 
 
 Thaer, Albert. German Agricultural Writer 1752. . 1828 
 
 Thais. Athenian Courtesan ti. Alex. Great 
 
 Thales, of Miletus. Philosopher 636? . 546? b.c. 
 
 Thatcher, Benjamin Bussey. American Author 1809. . 1848 
 
 Theden, John Christian Anthony. Ger. Surgical Writer 1714. .1797 
 
 Theiner, John Anthony. German Theologian i799- .i860 
 
 Thellusson, Peter Isaac. London Merchant — . .1797 
 
 Thelwall, Rev. Algernon Sydney. Divine 1795 • • ^863 
 
 Thelwall, John. Writer and Elocutionist 1764. . 1834 
 
 Themistius. Greek Orator — . . 386 
 
 Themistocles. Athenian General and Statesman 514?. 449 b.c. 
 
 Th6nard, Louis James, Baron. French Chemist i777- -1857 
 
 Theobald. Archbishop of Canterbury (1139-61) % . — . . 1 161 
 
 Theobald. -See Thibaud 1201 . . 1253 
 
 Theobald, Lewis. Commentator on Shakespeare — . .1744 
 
 Theocritus. Greek Pastoral Poet fl. 283^-263? b.c. 
 
 Theodatus. King of the Italian Goths (534-36) — . . 536 
 
 Theoderic. The Great. King of Ostrogoths (475-526) 455.. 526 
 
 Theodora. Eastern Empress; wife of Justinian I — . . 548 
 
 Theodore. Bishop of Heraclea. Arian Leader — . . 358? 
 
 Theodore. Bishop of Mopsu«tia (394-429) — . . 429 
 
 Theodore I. Pope (642-49) — . . 649 
 
 Theodore II. Elected February 12, 898 — . . 898 
 
 Theodore, of Tarsus. Archbishop of Canterbury (668-90) — . . 690 
 
 Theodore-Anthony I. Kipg of Corsica .' 1696^ 1756 
 
 Theodore Lascaris. Greek Emperor (1206-22) ii77- • 1222 
 
 Theodore Studita. Abbot of Studium. Writer 759 . . 826 
 
 Theodoret. Bishop of Cyrus. Ecclesiastical Historian . 393''. 457? 
 Theodoricl. K. of Visigoths (418-51); defeated by Attila — ., 451 
 
 Theodoric. The Great, or Theoderic, which see 455. . 526 
 
 Theodoric. Italian Bishop and Surgeon — . .1298 
 
 Theodoric, or Thierry, of Niem. {Hist, of Schism of Popes) — ..1417 
 
 Theodosius. Roman General ; beheaded — . . 376 
 
 Theodosius I. The Great. Emperor (378-95) 346?. 395 
 
 Theodosius II. (402-50) 401 . . 450 
 
 Theodosius III. Adramytenus. (715-16) — aft. 716 
 
 Theognis, of Megara. Elegiac Poet 570^.490? b.c. 
 
 Theon, JElius, of Alexandria. Rhetorician and Gram A* 31 5 ^ 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 393 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Theophanes, George. Greek Monk and Chronicler 751?. 818 
 
 Theophanes, Procopovitch. Russian Historian & Writer 1681 . , 1 736 
 
 Theophilus. Patriarch of Alexandria (385-412) — . . 412 
 
 Theophilus. Jurist of Constantinople — . . 536 
 
 Theophilus. Emperor of the East (829-42) — . . 842 
 
 Theophrastus. Greek Philosopher and Author 370?. 285 b.c. 
 
 Theophylact. Byzantine Historian — . . 630? 
 
 Theophylact. Archbishop of Bulgaria ; Commentator . . — ..11 12? 
 
 Theopompus. Greek Historian 380? . 304? B.C. 
 
 Theotocopuli, Dominic. El Greco. Sculptor, Painter, 
 
 and Architect — . , 1625 
 
 Theotocopuli, Geo. Manuel, son. Sculptor and Architect — ••1631 
 
 Theramenes. Athenian Commander — B.c.404 
 
 Theresa of Jesus, St. Spanish Carmelite Nun and Mys- 
 tic Writer 1515- • 1582 
 
 Th6roigne de M6ricourt, Anne Joseph, or Lambertine. 
 
 French Female Revolutionist i759- • 181 7 
 
 Theron. Tj^rant of Agrigentum (b. c. 488-472) — B.c.472 
 
 Th6venot, John de. French Traveler 1633. . 1667 
 
 Th6venot, Nicholas Melchizedec, uncle. Traveler. ( Voy- 
 ages and Travels) 1621 . . 1692 
 
 The vet, Andrew. Traveler and Writer 1 502 . . 1 590 
 
 Thew, Robert. Engraver 1758. . 1802 
 
 Thibaud, or Theobald, IV., or VI. Count of Champagne. 
 
 King of Navarre. Trouvere 1201 . . 1253 
 
 Thibaut, Anthony Frederick Justus. German Jurist . . . 1774. .1840 
 
 Thicknesse, Anne. Biographer i737 • • 1824 
 
 Thicknesse, Philip. Traveler 1719- -1792 
 
 Thielen, John Philip van. Flemish Painter i6i8*. . 1667 
 
 Thierry I., son of Clovis I. King of Austrasia 483'- 534 
 
 Thierry II., son of Childebert. King of Burgundy and 
 
 Austrasia ' 587 . . 613 
 
 Thierry I., or III. King of France, son of Clovis II 652?. 691 
 
 Thierry II., or IV. King of France, son of Dagobert III. 712''. ^2)7 
 Thierry, of Niem. Papal Secretary. {Schismof the Popes) — ••1417 
 
 Thierry, Henry. Printer at Paris — . . 712 
 
 Thierry, James Nicholas Augustine. French Historian. 
 
 {Norman Conquest) ' 1795 . . 1856 
 
 Thierry, Madame Julia, wife. Writer — . . 1844 
 
 Thiers, John Baptist. French Divine and Satirist 1636. .1703 
 
 Thiersch, Frederick William. German Scholar 1784. . i860 
 
 Thilo, John Charles. German Theologian i794- -1853 
 
 Thion de la Chaume, Claude Esprit, French Physician 1750. .1786 
 
 Thirlby, Styan, ll. d. Critic 1692? . 1 753 
 
 Thistlewood, Arthur. Cato Street Conspirator 1772. . 1820 
 
 Thorn, James. Scottish Sculptor 1799. .1850 
 
 Thorn, Walter. Historical and Miscellaneous Writer. ■ 
 
 {History of Aberdeen) i77o. . 1824 
 
 Thorn, William. Scottish Weaver and Poet i799- • 1850 
 
 Thomas, St. Bidyinus. Apostle fl. ist c. 
 
 Thoraas, Anthony Leonard. French Writer 1732. .1785 
 
 Thomas, Catimpratensis. French Biog. and Moral Writer 1201 . . 1270? 
 
 Thomas, Christian. German Philosopher 1655 . . 1728 
 
 Thomas, David. Welsh Poet 1760?. 1822 
 
 Thomas, Elizabeth. Corinna. Poetess 1675 . . 173° 
 
394 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIKD. 
 
 Thomas, Isaiah, i.t,. d. American Printer ^749- • 1831 
 
 Thomas, James Ernest. German Landscape Painter 1588'. 1653 
 
 Thomas, John. Bishop of Salisbury 1695 . .1766 
 
 Thomas, John. Bishop of Rochester 1712. .1793 
 
 Thomas, John. Sculptor i8i3?.i862 
 
 Thomas, Robert, m. d. Medical Writer i743- • 1835 
 
 Thomas, William. {History of Italy.) Executed — . .1553 
 
 Thomas, William. Bishop of Worcester. {Roman Ora- 
 cles Silenced) 1613. . 1689 
 
 Thomas, Rev. William. Historian. {Worcester Cathedral) 1670.. 1738 
 Thomas of Erceldoune. The Rhymer. Scottish Poet fi. 1280? 
 Thom.asin. German Poet. Zercldre. {The Italian Guest) ii86-. — 
 Thom.asius, Christian. German Philosopher and Critic. 
 
 Life by Luden, 1805 ; 1655. .1728 
 
 Thomasius, James. German Philologist 1622. . 1684 
 
 Thomason, Thomas. Missionary. Life by Sargent. . . . 1774. . 1829 
 
 Thomassin, Louis. French Theologian 1619. .1695 
 
 ''," .X /.nond, Thomas. French Architect in Russia I759' • 1813 
 
 Thompson, Sir Benjamin. Count Rumford. Philosopher. 
 
 Life by Pictet 1752. .1814 
 
 Thompson, Edward. Poet 1738?. 1786 
 
 Thompson, William. Dean of Raphoe. Poet — ..1766? 
 
 Thompson, William. Naturalist. {Natural History of 
 
 Ireland.) Life by Professor Dickie, 1856 1805 . . 1852 
 
 Thompson, Zadoc. American Naturalist 1796. . 1856 
 
 Thomson, Alexander. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer 1762. .1803 
 Thomson, Dr. Andrew. Scot. Div. ( Christian Instructor) 1779. . 1831 
 Thomson, Anthony Todd, m. d. Medical and General 
 
 Writer. ( Conspectus) 1778 . . 1849 
 
 Thomson, Charles. American Patriot 1729. .1824 
 
 Thomson, James. Poet. {Seasons.) Life bv Murdock, 
 
 1773; David E. Buchan, 1792; Sir H. Nicolas, 1847. 1700. .1748 
 
 Thorason, Rev. John. Scottish Landscape Painter 1778.. 1840 
 
 Thomson, John Cockburn. Philip Wharton. Writer.. — ..i860 
 Thomson, Mrs. Katherine, wife of Dr. Anthony T. Grace 
 
 Wharton. Biographer and Novelist — . . 1862 
 
 Thomson, Richard. ( Chronicles of London Bridge) .... 1 794 '^ 1865 
 Thomson, Dr. Robt. Dundas. Medical & Physical Writer 1805'''. 1864 
 Thomson, Thomas. Professor of Chemistry at Glasgow 1773. . 1852 
 Thomson, Dr. Wm. Writer and Compiler. { War in Asia) ly ^6. .1818 
 
 Thordo. I)iaco7ius, or Legifer. Danish Jurist fl. 1350 
 
 Thordsen, Sturla. Icelandic Lawyer, Historian, Poet. . . 1218. .1288 
 
 Thoreau, Henry David. American Author 1817. . 1862 
 
 Thoresby, Ralph. Antiquarian Collector 1658. .1725 
 
 Thorild, Thomas. Swedish Poet i759- • 1819 
 
 Thorius, Raphael. French Physician of James I — . .1625 
 
 Thorkelin, Grim Jonsson. Icelandic Scholar 1752. . 1829 
 
 Thorlaksen, Gudbrand. Icelandic Prelate and Writer . 1542. .1629 
 Thorlaksson, John. Icelandic Poet; Transl. of Milton. . 1744. .1819 
 
 Thorndike, Rev. Herbert. Divine. {Epilogus) — . . 1672 
 
 Thornhill, Sir James. Painter 1676. .1734 
 
 Thornton, Bonnel. Humorous Poet 1724. .1768 
 
 Thornton, Henry, m. p. {Paper Credit ; Family Prayers) — . . 1815 
 Thornton, John, of Clapham. Merchant and Benefactor 1720. .1790 
 Thornton, Robert John. Botanist. {Templeof Flora). 17 s^^-^i-^S? 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 395 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Thornton, Samuel, m. p., of Clapham Park and Bank of 
 
 England i775 • • 1838 
 
 Thornton, Rev. Spencer. L. by W. R. Freemantle, 1850 1813. .1850 
 Thornton, Thomas, Lieut.-Col. Writer on Field Sports — . . 1823 
 
 Thorpe, John, m. d. Antiquary, of Rochester 1682.'. 1750 
 
 Thorpe, John, son. Antiq. of Roch. {Registrum Eoffensi) 1714. .1792 
 
 Thorwaldsen, Albert Bertel. Danish Sculptor 1770. . 1844 
 
 Thou, James Augustus de. Tlmanus. President. His- 
 torian. Life by J. Collinson, 1807 i553- • 1617 
 
 Thenars, Louis Mary Albert du Petit. French Botanist 1758. .1831 
 Thouret, Michael Augustin. French Medical Writer. . , 1748. .1810 
 Thoynard, Nicholas. French Medalist and Biblical Critic 1629 ., 1 706 
 Thrasea PsBtus. Roman Senator, condemned by Nero . 14?. 66 
 Thrasybulus. Athenian General ; Friend of Alcibiades . . — B.C. 389 
 
 Throcmorton, Sir Nicholas. Statesman 1513?. 1571 
 
 Throsby, John. Topographer of Leicester 1740- • 1803 
 
 Thuanus. *See Thou 1553.. 1617 
 
 Thucydides. Greek Historian 471 ? 400'- B.C. 
 
 Thuillier, Vincent. Benedictine of St. Maur 1685 . . 1736 
 
 Thidden, Theodore van. Dutch Painter 1607. . 1676 
 
 Thiimmel, or Thuemmel, Moritz Augustus von. Ger- 
 man Writer. Life by Gruner, 1819 1738. .1817 
 
 Thunberg, Charles Peter. Swedish Physician and Trav. 1743. . 1828 
 
 Thnrloe, John. Secretary. Life by Birch 1616 . . 1668 
 
 Thnrlow, Edward, Lord. Lord Chancellor 1732. .1806 
 
 Thuxmer, Joseph. German Architect 1789. . 1833 
 
 Thurneysser, Leonard. Alchemist and Astrologer 1531 • • 1596 
 
 Thurot, Francis. Fr. Naval Officer. Invader of Ireland 1727. .1760 
 
 Thwaites, Edward. Saxonist 1667. .1711 
 
 Thynne, Francis. Herald and Antiquary 1 545 . . 1608 
 
 Thysius, or Thys, Anthony. Dutch Philologist and Clas- 
 sical Editor 1603?. 1665 
 
 Tiarini, Alexander. Italian Historical Painter 15 77 • • 1668 
 
 Tiarks, John Louis. German Astronomer 1789. . 1837 
 
 Tibaldi, Dominic. Italian Architect 1541 • .1582 
 
 Tibaldi, Peregrine, brother. Painter and Architect 1527. . 1598? 
 
 Tiberius. Roman Emperor (14-37) B.C.42.A.D.37 
 
 Tiberius. Constantine. Emperor of East (578-82) — . . 582 
 
 Tiberius. Absimaiius. Emp. of East (698-704) ; Usurper — . . 705 
 
 Tibvdlus, Albius. Roman Poet 54'- 18'' B.C. 
 
 Tickell, Richard. Poet and Polit. Writer. {Anticipations) — -.1793 
 
 Tickell, Thomas. Poet and Essayist 1686, . 1740 
 
 Ticozzi, Stephen. Italian Historian 1762. . 1836 
 
 Tideman, or Tie'deman, Philip. Dutch Painter 1657. . 1705 
 
 Tieck, Christian Frederick. German Sculptor 'i^77'^- • 1851 
 
 Tieck, Louis, brother. Writer i773 • • 1853 
 
 Tiedemann, Dietrich. German Philosophical Writer. . . 1748.. 1803 
 Tiedge, Christopher Augustus. German Elegiac Poet. . 1752, .1841 
 
 Tiepolo, John Baptist. Venetian Painter 1692. .1769 
 
 Tierney, George, m. p. Statesman and Political Writer. 1761 . . 1830 
 Tierney, Rev. Mark A., p. s. A. {Histoi-y of Arundel) . . . 1785 . . 1862 
 
 Tighe, Mrs. Mary (Blackford). Poetess. (Psyche) 1774. .1810 
 
 Tigny, Marin Grostete de. French Entomologist 1736. -J 799 
 
 Tigranes I. King of Armenia (b. c. 96?-550; Ally of 
 
 Mithridates — b.o. 55' 
 
396 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 ™ ^ » ^ BORN. DIED. 
 
 Tilbury, Gervase of. Chronicler fl. 1210 
 
 Tilenius, Daniel. French Theologian 1563. , 1633 
 
 Tilghman, William. American Jurist 1756. . 1827 
 
 Tilingius, Matthias. German Medical Writer — . . 1615 
 
 Tilletnans, Peter. Dutch Painter 1684? . 1734 
 
 Tillemont, Louis Sebastian le Nain de. French Histo- 
 rian and Critic. Life by Trouchay, 1711 1637, .1698 
 
 Tillet. French Agricultural Writer , — -.1791 
 
 TiUi, Michael Angelo. Florentine Physician and Botanist 1655?. 1740 
 TiUoch, Alexander, ll. d. Scottish Writer and Mechan- 
 ical Inventor 1759. . 1825 
 
 TiUotson, John. Archbp. of Canterbury. L. by T. Birch 1630 . . 1694 
 Tilly, Alexander de, Count. Royalist & Political Writer 1754. .1822 
 Tilly, John Tzerklas, Ct. de. Ger. Soldier. L. by Klopp 1559. . 1632 
 
 TimsBus. Greek Historian in Sicily 352?. 256'' B.C. 
 
 TimsBus. Greek Sophist. {Lexicon to Plato) fl. ab. 3d c. 
 
 Timanthes. Greek Painter fl. ab. 400 b.c. 
 
 Timoleon, of Corinth. Liberator of Syracuse 394'' • 337 ^-c. 
 
 Timon. Greek Misanthrope ' fl. b.c. 433? 
 
 Timon. Greek Skeptic, Philosopher, and Poet. {Silli) . fl, b.c. 279? 
 
 Timon, Samuel. Hungarian Historian 1675 • • ^ 73^ 
 
 Timoteo da Urbino. Delia Viie. Painter 1470^ 1524? 
 
 Timotheus. Athenian Commander — B.c.354? 
 
 Timothy. Disciple and Companion of St. Paul fl. ist. c. 
 
 Timour Beg, or Tamerlane, which see I336-''. 1405 
 
 Tindal, Mattliew, ll. d. Theological and Political Writer 1657? . i J23 
 Tindal, Rev. Nicholas. Historian ; Translator and Con- 
 
 tinuator of Rapin 1687, .1774 
 
 Tindal, Sir Nicholas Conyngham. Judge i777 . .1846 
 
 Tindal, or Tyndale,Wm. " Translator of Bible and Martyr 1484?. 1536 
 TindaU, Rev. William. Writer. {History of Evesham) . 1754. .1804 
 TineUi, Tiberius. Italian Historical and Portrait Painter 1586. . 1638 
 
 Tintoretto, II. James Robusti. Italian Painter 1512..1594 
 
 Tippoo Sahib. Last Independent Sultan of Mysore . . . 1749. . 1799 
 Tiptoft, John, Earl Worcester ; Lord Deputy. Writer . . — . . 1470 
 Tiraboschi, Jerome. {Ital. Literature.) L. by Matthias 1731 . .1794 
 
 Tiraqueau, Andrew. French Lawyer 1480?. 1558 
 
 Tischbein, John Henry. Ger. Painter. L. by Engelschall 1 722 . . 1 789 
 Tischbein, John Henry Wm., neph. Historical Painter 1751. .1829 
 
 Tisio, Benvenuto. ll Garofah. Painter 1481 . .1559 
 
 Tissaphernes. Persian Satrap — b.c. 395 
 
 Tissot, Simon Andrew. Swiss Medical Writer 1728. .1797 
 
 Titi, Santi di. Italian Painter 1538 . . 1603 
 
 Titi, Tiberius di, son. Painter 1578. . 1637 
 
 Titian. Tiziano Vecelli. Italian Painter. Life by North- 
 cote, 1830 1477- .1576 
 
 Titley, Walter. Envoy and Scholar 1 706 . . 1 768 
 
 Titon du Tillet, Everard. {Le Parnasse Frangaise) ... 1676. . 1762 
 
 Titsingh, Isaac. Eastern Traveler 1740. . 1812 
 
 Tittmann, John Augustus Henry. German Theologian 1773. .1831 
 
 Titus. Companion and Fellow Laborer of St. Paid fl. ist c. 
 
 Titus. Roman Emperor (79-81) 40. , 81 
 
 Tixier, John. Eavisius Textor. French Writer 1480?. 1524 
 
 Toaldo, Joseph. Italian Physician and Meteorologist. , . 1719. .1798 
 Tobin, John. Dramatist. Life by Miss Benger, 1820 . . 1770. . 1804 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 397 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henry Clerel de. French 
 
 Publicist and Statesman. {Ainerican Democracy) . . . 1805. .1859 
 Tod, James. Lieutenant-Colonel. Traveler and Writer 1782. .1835 
 Todd, Henry John. Archdeacon ; Biographer, and Editor 
 
 ofPoets. (Johnson^ s Dictionary ; Deans of Canterbury) 1763.. 1845 
 Todd, Hugh, D. D., of Carlisle. Eccles. Antiq. ( Carlisle) 1658. .1728 
 
 Todd, Robert Bentley, M. D. Medical Writer iSio?. i860 
 
 Toepffer, Rodolph. Swiss Author and Caricaturist i779- • 1846 
 
 Toflno de San Miguel, Vincent. Spanish Astronomer 1740. .1806 
 
 Tofts, Mrs. Katharine. Singer — . .1770 
 
 Toglirul Beg. First Sultan of the Seljuk Turks 988?. 1063 
 
 Tograi. Arabian Poet and Alchemist — aft.1120 
 
 Toiras, John du Caylar de St. Bonnet, Marquis de. Mar- 
 shal of France. Life by Michael Baudier 1585 . . 1636 
 
 Tokolyi, or Toekoelyi. See Tekeli 1658 . . 1705 
 
 Toland, John. Writer. Life by Des Maizeaux ; Mosheim 1669? . 1 722 
 Toledo, Francis de. Toletus. Cardinal. Jesuit; Theol. 1532. .1596 
 Toledo, Peter de. Spanish General. Viceroy of Naples 1484. .1553 
 Toledo, Roderick de. Toletanus. Spanish Historian ... 1170?. 1247 
 
 Toler, John, Earl of Norbury. Judge 1745 • • ^^3^ 
 
 Tollens, Heniy Corneliszoon. Dutch Poet 1780. . 1856 
 
 Toilet, Miss Elizabeth. Poet and Scholar 1694. .1754 
 
 Toilet, Thomas. Musical Composer fl. 1694 
 
 Tollius, Cornelius. Dutch Philologist 1620?. aft. 1652 
 
 ToUius, James, M. D. Scholar 1630?. 1696 
 
 Tolommei, Claude. Italian Scholar and Poet 1492. .1555 
 
 Tombes, John. Baptist Writer 1603 . . 1676 
 
 Tomline, George. Pretyman. Bishop of Winchester , . 1750. ,1827 
 Toinlins, Miss Elizabeth Sophia. Novelist and Poet . . . 1763. .1828 
 Tommasi, Joseph Mary. Cardinal ; Ecclesiastical Writer 1649 . .1713 
 Tommasini, James Philip. Ital. Antiq. and Biographer 1597. .1654 
 Tompkins, Daniel D. American Statesman ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident of United States 1774- .1825 
 
 Tone, Theobald Wolfe. Irish Polit. L. by W. T.W. Tone 1763. .1798 
 Tonna, Mrs. Charlotte Elizabeth. Writer. {Personal 
 
 Recollections) 1 792 . . 1846 
 
 Tonstall, or Tunstall, Cuthbert. Bishop of Durham. . . . 1474^.1559 
 Tonti, Lawrence. Italian Banker; Originator of Tontines fl. 1653 
 
 Took, William. Writer on Science '^■777'^ ■ 1863 
 
 Tooke, Andrew. Gresham Professor of Geology 1673. •'^TZ''- 
 
 Tooke, John Home. Politician and Philologist. {Diver- 
 sions of Purley.) Life by William Hamilton, 1812; 
 
 A. Stephens, 1813 ; W. H. Reid ... 1736.. 1812 
 
 Tooke, Thomas. Financial Writer. {History of Prices) 1774. .1858 
 
 Tooke, Rev. William, f. r. s. Writer on Russia i744- • 1820 
 
 Topffer, Rodolph. Swiss Author and Caricaturist i779- .1846 
 
 Topham, John. Antiquary — . . 1803 
 
 Toplady, Augustus Montague. Divine. Life, 1778, Bvo 1740. .1778 
 Torbido, or Turbido, Francis. II Moro. Italian Painter 1500''. 1581? 
 
 Torchilli, Jonas. Icelandic Scholar and Divine 1697. .1759 
 
 Tordenskiold, Peter. Danish Admiral 1691 . .1720 
 
 Torelli, Joseph. Italian Mathem. ; Editor of Archimedes 1 721 , . 1 781 
 Torelli, or Taurellius, Laelius. Jurist ; Editor of Pandects 1489 . . 1576 
 Torelli, Pomponius, Count of Montechiarugola. Poet and 
 
 Writer 1539. . 1608 
 
398 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Toreno, Joseph Maria Queypo de Llano Ruiz de Savavia, 
 
 Count de. Spanish Statesman and Historian 1786. .1843 
 
 TorfsBus, or Tormodus. Thormond Thorvesen. Icelandic 
 
 Historian 1640. .1719 
 
 Torinus, Albanus. Alban Thorer. Swiss Physician . . . 1489. .1550 
 Tornielli, Augustin. Italian Ecclesiastical Historian . . . 1543. . 1622 
 
 Torporley, Nathaniel. Mathematician 1573''. 1632 
 
 Torquatus, T. Manlius Imperiosus. Roman Dictator, fl. 4th c. b.c. 
 
 Torquemada, John de. Turrecremata. Cardinal 1388.. 1468 
 
 Torquemada, Thomas de. Spanish Inquisitor-General. 1420''. 1498 
 Torre, John Mary della. Italian Natural Philosopher . . 1710. .1782 
 
 Torre, Philip del. Italian Antiquary 1657. .1717 
 
 Torrens, Sir Henry. Adjutant-General i779- • 1828 
 
 Torrens, Robert, f. r. s. Lieut-Colonel; Economist. . . 1780. .1864 
 Torrentius. Dutch Scholar and Poet. (See Laevinus. . 1525. .1595 
 
 Torrentius, John. Dutch Painter 1589. . 1640 
 
 Torres, Louis da' Motta. Port. Navigator and Statesman 1 769 . . 1822 
 TorriceUi, Evangelista. Mathem. Inventor of Barometer 1608. .1647 
 
 Torrigiano, Peter. Italian Sculptor 1472'. 1522 
 
 Torrijos, Joseph Mary. Spanish Patriot 1791 . . 1831 
 
 Torrington, George Byng, Sixth Viscount. Admiral . . 1768. .1851 
 Torry, — . Bp. of St. Andrew's. L. by J. M. Neale, 1856 1763. . 1852 
 
 Torstenson, Leonard, Count. Swedish General 1603. . 1651 
 
 Torti, Francis. Italian Phj'sician 1658. .1741 
 
 Tory, Geoffrey. French Bookseller and Engraver 1480?. 1536? 
 
 Toscanelli, Paul. Italian Astronomer 1397 . . 1482 
 
 Tostatus, Alphonso. Span. Theologian & Biblical Writ. 1400. . 1454 
 
 Tosti, Earl of Northumberland, son of Earl Godwin — . .1066 
 
 Totila. King of Ostrogoths (541-52). Captor of Rome — . . 552 
 Tott, Francis, Baron de. French Adventurer. {Atemoires 
 
 sur les Turcs) i733- -1793 
 
 Tottel, Richard. Publisher. {Miscellanies) — . .1593^ 
 
 Totten, Joseph Gilbert. Amer. Gen. & Military Engineer 1 788 . . 1864 
 Tottenham, Edward. Controv. Div. L. by W. C. Magee 1810 . . 1853 
 
 Tottie, John, Archdeacon. Preacher. — aft. 1775 
 
 Touche, Claude Guymond de la. French Poet 1723 . . 1 760 
 
 Toulrain, Joshua, d. d. Unitarian Writer 1740- • 11815 
 
 Toulongeon, Francis Emanuel, Visct. de. Fr. Historian 1748. . 1812 
 
 Toup, Rev. Jonathan. Critic i7i3' -1785 
 
 Toiir, Maurice Quentin de la. French Portrait Painter. . 1704. .1788 
 Toiimefort, Joseph Pitton de. French Botanist. ( Voy- 
 age in Levant) 1656. .1708 
 
 ToTirn61y, Honors. Fr. Theologian. {Courseof Theology) 16^8. .iy2g 
 Tournemine, Ren6 Joseph. Fr. Jesuit ; Theologian, Hist. 1661 . . 1 739 
 Toiirneur, Peter le. French Translator from English. . . 1736. .1788 
 
 Touro, Judah. American Philanthropist 1776. .1854 
 
 Tourrette, Mark Anthony Louis Claret de la, of Lyons. 
 
 Naturalist 1729. . i793 
 
 Tovirville, Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, Count de. French 
 
 Admiral. Life by Margon 1642. . 1701 
 
 Toussaint I'Ouverture, Francis Dominic. Negro Con- 
 queror in St. Domingo. Life by St. Rdmy, 1850 ; Dr. 
 
 Beard, 1853 1743. .1803 
 
 Towers, Joseph, ll. d. Polit. and Miscellaneous Writer 1737. .1799 
 Towgood, Micajah. Dissenting Divine 1700. .1792 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 399 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Townley, Charles. Scholar. Collector of Townley Marbles 1 737 . . 1805 
 Townley , Rev. Jas. Farce Writ. ( High Life hetow Stairs) 1 7 1 5 . . 1 7 78 
 
 Townley, ColonelJohn. Translator of Hudibras — ,.1782 
 
 Townsend, George. Prebendary of Durham. (Bible)., — .•1857 
 Townsend, John. Founder of Deaf and Dumb Asylum 1757. .1826 
 Townsend, Rev. Joseph, of Pewsey. Physician, Divine, 
 
 Naturalist. Chaplain to Lady Huntingdon. ( Travels) 1 740 . . 1816 
 
 Townshend, Charles, Second Viscount. Statesman 1676. .1738 
 
 Townshend, Chas., grandson. Weather- Cock. Statesm. 1 725 . . 1 767 
 
 Townson, Thomas, d. d. Life by Churton 1715 • • 1792 
 
 Towson, Nathan. American Soldier 1784. . 1854 
 
 Tozer, Henry. Puritan Divine 1602. . 1650 
 
 Tozetti, John Targioni, of Florence. Botanist 1712. .1783 
 
 Tradescant, John. Horticulturist to Charles I — . . 1652? 
 
 Tradescant, John, son. Horticult. (Museum Tradescant.) 1608.. 1662' 
 
 Traetta, Thomas. Neapolitan Musical Composer 1727. .1779 
 
 Tragus, Jerome. Bock. German Botanist 1498. .1553 
 
 Traill, Robert. Scottish Divine 1642. .1716 
 
 Traill, Thomas Stewart, m. d. Editor of Encyclopaedia 
 
 Britannica 1781 . . 1862 
 
 Trajan. Roman Emperor (98-117). Life by Tillemont . . 52.. 117 
 
 Tralles, Balthasar Louis. German Physician 1708 . .1797 
 
 TraJlianus, Alexander, of Tralles. Medical Writer 5-55°' 
 
 Trapp, John. Puritan Commentator 1601 . . 1669 
 
 Trapp, Joseph, d. d. Divine and Poet 1679. .1747 
 
 Travers, John. Musical Composer — . .1758 
 
 Traversari, Ambrose. Ital. Greek Scholar. L. by Mehus 1378 . . 1439 
 Travis, George. Archdeacon. Writer against Gibbon . . — ••i797 
 
 Trebonius, Caius. Conspirator against Caesar — B.C. 43 
 
 Treby, Sir George. Judge 1644. .1702 
 
 Tredgold, Thomas. Civil Engineer ; Writer on Mechanics 1 788 . . 1829 
 
 Trediakovsky, Vassili Kirilovitch. Russian Poet 1703. .1769 
 
 Trelauney, Sir Jonathan. Bp. of Exeter and Winchester 1648? . 1721 
 
 Trembecki, Stanislaus. Polish Poet 1724?. 1812 
 
 Trembley, Abraham. Swiss Naturalist 1700 . .1784 
 
 Tremellius, Emanuel. Italian Hebraist 15 10'. 1580 
 
 Tremoille, or Tremouille, Louis 'de la, Viscount de 
 
 Thouars. Fr. General ; fell at Pavia. L. by Bouchet 1460. .1525 
 
 Tremolliere, Peter Charles. French Painter 1703^- 1 739 
 
 Trenchard, Sir John. Statesman 1650. . 1695 
 
 Trenchard, John. Political Writer 1669. .1723 
 
 Trenck, Francis von der, Baron. Austrian Commander. 
 
 Life by self, 1807 ; Huebner, 1788 1711 . . 1749 
 
 Trenck, Frederick von der, Baron, cousin. Adventurer; 
 
 guillotined. Life by self 1726. .1794 
 
 Trento, Anthony da. Engraver fl. iSSo*^ 
 
 Treschow, Niels. Danish Philosopher and Theologian . 1751..1833 
 
 Tresham, Henry. Painter and Poet — . . 1814 
 
 Tressan, Louis Elizabeth de la Vergne, Count de. Offi- 
 cer and Writer 1705 . .1782 
 
 Trevenen, James. Captain. Life by J. Penrose, 1849 . . — ••179° 
 Treviranus, Godfrey Reynold. German Naturalist .... 1776. . 1837 
 
 Trevisani, Angelo, of Venice. Painter fl. 1750'' 
 
 Trevisani, Francis. Italian Painter 1656. .1746 
 
 Trevisi, Jerome. Painter and Engineer to Henry VHI. 1508. .1544 
 
400 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Treviso, Edward Adolphus Casimir Joseph Mortier, Duke 
 
 of. Marshal of France 1768. . 1835 
 
 Trevor, Sir John. Secretary of State 1626 . . 1672 
 
 Trevor, Sir John. Lawyer. Speak, of House of Commons 1633. .1717 
 Trevor, Richard. Bp. of Durham. L. by Geo. Allan, 1776 — • • 1771 
 Trew, Christopher James, of Nuremberg. Phys. and Bot. 1695 . . 1769 
 
 Tribolo, Nicholas di. Italian Sculptor 1500. .1550 
 
 Tribonian. Roman Jurist and Publicist — . . 545 
 
 Triewald, Martin. Swedish Engineer and Mathematician 1691 . . 1 747 
 Trigaiilt, Nicholas. French Jesuit Missionary to China 1577. .1628 
 
 Triller, Daniel William. German Medical Writer 1695 . .1782 
 
 Trimble, Isaac R. " Confedei-ate " General 1801?. 1862 
 
 Trimmer, Mrs. Sarah. Writer. Life, 2 vols. 1814 1741. .1810 
 
 Trincavelli, Victor. Ital. Physician and Greek Scholar 1496. .1568 
 
 Trippel, Alexander. Swiss Sculptor 1747. -1793 
 
 Trissino, John George. Italian Poet. {Italia Liberata) 1478. .ic,KiO 
 
 Tristan da Cunha. Portuguese Naval Commander fl. 15th c. 
 
 Tristan I'Hermite, Francis. French Dramatic Poet . . . 1601 . . 1655 
 
 Trithemius, John. Universal Scholar and Writer 1462. .1516 
 
 Trithen, Frederick Henry. Sanskrit & Sclavonic Schol. 1820. . 1854 
 
 Trivet, Nicholas. Historian 1258?. 1328 
 
 Trivulce, John Jas. Marshal of Fr. L. by Rosmini, 1815 1441 . . 1518 
 Trogus Pompeius. Roman Historian. (Univers. Hist.) fl. b.c. 20? 
 
 Trollope, Mrs. Frances, nee Milton. Novelist 1778. . 1863 
 
 Trommius, Abraham. {Greek Concord. ofJheOld Test.) 1633.. 1 719 
 
 Tromp, Sir Cornelius van. Dutch Admiral 1629. . 1691 
 
 Trorap, Martin Harpertzoon van. Dutch Admiral ; Op- 
 ponent of Blake i597- -1653 
 
 Tronchin, John Robert. Jurist ; Writer against Rousseau 1 71 1 . . 1 793 
 
 Tronchin, Theodore. Swiss Medical Writer 1709- .1781 
 
 Tronson de Coudray, William Alexander. Fr. Advocate 1 750 . . 1 798 
 
 Troost, Cornelius. Dutch Historian and Painter 1697. .1750 
 
 Troost, Gerard. American Chemist and Geologist 1776. .1850 
 
 Trotter, Thomas, M. D., of Newcastle. Med.Writ. & Poet — ..1832 
 Troughiton, Edward. Astronomical Instrument Maker . 1753. .1835 
 
 Troup, George M. American Statesman 1780. . 1856 
 
 Trowbridge, Edmund. American Jurist 1709- -1793 
 
 Trowbridge, Sir Thomas. Admiral 1750''. 1807 
 
 Troy, Francis de. French Historical and Portrait Painter 1645 . . 1730 
 
 Troy, John Francis de, son. Painter 1676. .1752 
 
 Troyen, Rombout van. Flem. Painter of Ruins and Caves 1600 . . 1650 
 
 Troyon, Constantine. French Painter 1813. . 1865 
 
 Trublet, Nicholas Charles Joseph. French Essayist. . . . 1697. .1770 
 Trucliet, John. Fr. Mathem. and Hydraulic Engineer 1657. .1729 
 Trueba y Cosio, Telesforo de. Span. Dramatist and Nov. 1805 . .1835 
 
 Truman, Rev. Joseph, b. d. Theologian 1631 . . 1671 
 
 Trumbull, Benjamin, d. d. Amer. Clergyman and Hist. 1735 . . 1820 
 Trumbull, John ll. d. American Poet. ' {McFingal) . . 1750. .1831 
 
 Trumbull, John. American Painter 1756. . 1843 
 
 Trumbull, Jonathan. American Colonial Governor. Life 
 
 by I. Stuart 1710. .1785 
 
 Trumbull, Jonathan, son. Patriot; Gov. of Connecticut 1740. .1809 
 
 Trumbull, Sir William. Statesman 1638. .1716 
 
 Truro, Thomas Wilde, Baron. Statesman and Jurist. 
 
 Lord Chancellor (1850-52) 1782. . 1855 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 401 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Trusler, Rev. John, ll. d. Bookseller and Compiler. . . 1735 . . ^^^o 
 
 Truxton, Thomas. American Naval Officer i755 • • ^822 
 
 Tiryphiodorus. Greek Poet and Grammarian fl. 5th cJ 
 
 Tschirner, Henry Theophilus. Ger. Theol. and Preacher 1778. . 1828 
 Tschirnhausen, Ehrenf'ried Walter von, Ct. Ger. Math. 165 1 . .1708 
 
 Tschudi, Giles. Father of Swiss History 1505 .. 1572 
 
 Tucker, Abraham. Search. Writer. {Light of Nature) lyo^. .lyj^ 
 
 Tucker, Beverly. American Lawyer and Novelist 1784. .1851 
 
 Tucker, George. American Jurist i775 • • 1861 
 
 Tucker, Henry St. George. Chairman East India Com- 
 pany. Life by Kaye, 1854 — . . 1828 
 
 Tucker, Henry St. George. American Jurist i779- • 1848 
 
 Tucker, Josiah, d. d. Dean of Gloucester. Polit. Writer 1711 . .1799 
 
 Tucker, St. George. American Poet and Jurist 1752. .1827 
 
 Tuckerman, Joseph, d. d. Amer. Clergyman & Writer 1778. .1840 
 Tuckey, Jas. Hingston. Explorer. {Maritime Geography) 1 778.. 1816 
 
 Tuckney, Anthony. Puritan Divine i599- • 1670 
 
 Tude, Clairon de la. French Actress 1723. .1803 
 
 Tudela, Benjamin of. Rabbi. Traveler — ••ii73 
 
 Tudor, Owen ; second husband of Catherine of France, 
 
 Queen of England , — . . 1461 
 
 Tudor, William. American Author i779' • 1830 
 
 Tudway, Dr. Thomas. Musical Composer fl. 1705 
 
 Tuerk. See Tiirk , 1774. . 1846 
 
 Tulden, or Thulden, Theodore van. Dutch Painter 1607, . 1676 
 
 Tull, Jethro. Agricultural Writer 1680? . 1740 
 
 Tullia. Daughter of Cicero 79"' -45 ^-c 
 
 Tullibardine, Wm. Murray, Marquess of. Scot. Jacobite — ••i747 
 
 Tullus Hostilius. Third King of Rome fl. B.C. 673-641 
 
 Tully, Rev. George. Divine 1653 . . 1697 
 
 Tully, Rev. Thomas. Controversial Divine 1620. . 1676 
 
 Tully, William. American Physician and Botanist 1785 . . 1859 
 
 Tulp, Nicholas. Dutch Medical Writer i594- • 1674 
 
 Tunstall, or Tonstall, Cuthbert. Roman Catholic Prelate 1474'. 1559 
 Tunstall, James, d. d. {Natural and Revealed Religion) 1710' 1772 
 
 Txiramini, Alexander. Italian Jurist iSS^'- — 
 
 Turberville, George. Poet i53o^aft.i594 
 
 Turbido, or Torbido, Francis. Italian Painter 1500-'. 1581? 
 
 Turenne, Henry de la Tour d' Auvergne, Viscount de. Fr. 
 Marshal. L. bv Sandras ; Raguenet ; Gatien de Cour- 
 tiltz; Chevalier Ramsay, 1749; T. 0. Cockayne, 1853 1611...1675 
 TurgeneflF, Alexander Ivanovitch. Russian Historian . . 1784.. 1845 
 Tvirgot, Anne Robert James, Baron de I'Aulne. French 
 
 Statesman. Life by Condorcet, 1796 1727. .1781 
 
 Tiirk, Charles Christian William von. German Educator 
 
 and Philanthropist I774- • 1846 
 
 TurnbuU, Robert James. American Political Writer. . . 1775 • • '^^33 
 
 Turnebus, Adrian. Critic and Translator 1 5 12. . 1565 
 
 Turner, Daniel. Baptist Divine 1710..1798 
 
 Turner, Dawson. Bot. and Antiq. { Tour in Nor-mandy) — ..1858 
 Turner, Edward, m. d. Professor of Chemistry. {Ele- 
 ments of Chemistry) 1798. . 1839 
 
 Turner, Francis. Bishop of Ely. Nonjurer. {Life of 
 
 Nicholas Ferrar) — . .1700 
 
 Turner, Sir James. Life by self, edited by Thompson. . fl. 1682 
 26 
 
402 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Turner, Joseph Mallord Wm. Painter. L. by Thornbury 1 775 . . 1851 
 Turner, Robert. Eng. Rom. Cath. Divine & Commentator — . .1599 
 
 Turner, Samuel. Envoy to Mysore, and Traveler 1749''. 1802 
 
 Turner, Rev. Sam. Hurlbeart, d. d. Amer. Theol. Writer 1790. . 1861 
 
 Turner, Sharon. Historian 1768 . . 1847 
 
 Turner, Thomas. Dean of Canterbury. Divine 1591 . . 1672 
 
 Turner, Thomas Hudson. Archaeologist 1815.. 1852 
 
 Turner, Wm., m. d. Dean of Wells ; Naturalist. {Herbal) 1520?. 1568 
 
 Turner, WiUiam Wadden. American Philologist 1810. .1859 
 
 Turpin, Francis Henry. Historian. (French Plutarch) lyog. .lygg 
 
 Turpin, or Tilpin, John. Archbishop of Rheims. . . — . . 800'' 
 
 Turpin, Richard. Highwayman 1711?. 1739 
 
 Tiirpin de Crisse, Lancelot. Fr. Gen. Military Writ. 171 5?. aft. 1789 
 
 Turrecremata. See Torquemada ' 1388. . 1468 
 
 Turretin, Benedict. Theological Professor at Geneva . . 1588. .1631 
 Turretin, Francis, son. Theological Professor at Geneva 1623. .1687 
 Turretin, .lohn Alfonso, son. Theological Professor. . . . 1671 . .1737 
 
 Tursellinus, Horatius. Jesuit. Latin Scholar i545- -1599 
 
 Turton, Thomas. Bishop of Ely (1845-64) 1780. .1864 
 
 Tussaud, Madame. Artiste and Exhibit, of Wax-works 1760. .1850 
 Tusser, Thomas. Georgical Poet. British Varro. Life 
 
 by Dr. Mavor. {Five Hundred Points) ^SiS'- 1580? 
 
 Tutchin, John. Political Writer — . . 1 707 
 
 Tuthill, Sir George, M. d. Physician — . . 1835 
 
 Tutilo. Monk of St. Gall. Artist, Poet, &c — . . 896? 
 
 Tweddell, John. Scholar and Traveler 1769. . 1799 
 
 Twells, Leonard. Divine — . .1742 
 
 Twiggs, David Emanuel. American General 1790. . 1862 
 
 Twine. See Twyne. 
 
 Twining, Rev. Thomas. Translator of Aristotle i734- • 1804 
 
 Twining, William. Army Physician and Medical Writer — . .1835 
 Twiss, Horace. Writer and Politician. {Life of Fldon) lySG. .iS^g 
 
 Twiss, Richard. Traveler I747- • 1821 
 
 Twiss, Dr. William. Nonconf. Divine. {Vindicice Gratice) is^y^'^. 1646 
 
 Twyne, Bryan. Oxford Antiquary. {Apologia) i579- • 1644 
 
 Twyne, John. Oxford Antiquary — . .1581 
 
 Twysden, Sir Roger. Historian i597- .1672 
 
 Tycho Brah6. /See Brah^ 1546.. 1601 
 
 Tychsen, Olaus Gerard. Danish Scholar i734- • 1815 
 
 Tychsen, Thomas Christian. Oriental & Classical Schol. 1758.. 1834 
 
 Tye, Christopher. Musical Composer ti. Hen. VIII. -Eliz. 
 
 Tyers, Thomas. Miscellaneous Writer 1726. .1787 
 
 Tyler, Bennet, D. D. Amer. Controversialist. L. by Gale 1783. .1858 
 Tyler, John. Tenth President of United States (1841-45) 1790. .1862 
 
 Tyler, Royall. American Author and Judge 1756. . 1826 
 
 Tyler, Wat. Rebel — . . 1381 
 
 Tyndale, or Tindal, William. Translat. of Bible ; Martyr 1484''. 1536 
 Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Duke of. Lord Lieutenant — ..i6gi 
 
 Tyrrell, James. Political Writer and Historian 1642. . 1718 
 
 TyrtSBUS. Greek Poet fl. b.c. 668 
 
 Tyrwhitt, Robert. Founder of Hebrew Prize — . . 1817 
 
 Tyrwhitt, Thomas, of Oxford. Clerk to House of Com- 
 mons. Shakespearian Commentator. Classical Writer 1730. .1786 
 
 Tyson, Edward, m. r>. Writer and Anatomist 1649. . 1708 
 
 Tyson, Rev. Michael. Divine and Artist *. 1740. . 1780 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 403 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Tyssens, Augustine. Flemish Painter 1 662 . . 1 722 
 
 Tyssens, Nicholas, brother. Painter 1660. .1719 
 
 Tyssens, Peter. Flemish Painter 1625 . . 1692 
 
 Tyssilio. Welsh Chronicler fl. 7th c. 
 
 Tytler, Alexander Fraser, Lord Woodhouselee. Scottish 
 
 Jurist and Author. {Outlines of General History; 
 
 Life of Kames) 1747..1813 
 
 Tytler, James. Scottish Writer. {History of Edinburgh) 1747.. 1805 
 Tytler, Patrick Fraser. Historian. {History of Scotland.) 
 
 Life by J. W. Burgon, 1859 1791 . .1849 
 
 Tytler, William. Historical and Miscellaneous Writer. 
 
 ( Mary Queen of Scots) 1711 . .1792 
 
 Tzetzes, John. Greek Poet and Grammarian fl. ab. 11 50 
 
 Tzschirner, Henry Theophilus. German Theologiau . . 1778.. 1828 
 
iOi A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 U. 
 
 BOBN. DIED. 
 
 Ubaldmi, Petrucchio. Illuminator on Vellum and Writer — aft. 1 588 
 
 TJbaldo, Guido. Italian Mathematician 1540''. 160 1 ? 
 
 Ul)erti, Fazio, or Boniface degli. Italian Poet. {IlDitta 
 
 Mondo) — . .1370? 
 
 XJccello, Paul. Florentine Painter 1349?. 1432 
 
 Udal, Ephraim. Episcopalian Div. {Treat, on Sacrilege) — ..1647 
 
 Udal, John. Puritan Divine and Sufferer — . . 1592 
 
 TJdal, or Udall, Nicholas. Master of Eton and Westmin- 
 ster Schools. {Ralph Royster Doyster) 1506. . 1564 
 
 TJdina, Martin da. PelegHno di San Daniello. Painter 1480?. 1545? 
 
 Udino, John da. Italian Painter i494- -1564 
 
 tJffenbacli, Zacharias Conrad von. German Writer 1683. .1734 
 
 Uggione, or Oggione, Mark da. Milanese Painter 1480': 1530 
 
 TJgheUi, Ferdinand. Italian Eccles. Hist. {Italia Sacra) 1595. .1670 
 
 Ugone, Matthias. Italian Writer on Councils — ..1616 
 
 TJhland, John Louis. German Lyric Poet 1787 . . 1862 
 
 Uilkens, James Albert. Dutch Naturalist 1772. . 1825 
 
 Ulloa, Anthony de. Span. Mathematician & Naval Officer 1716. .1795 
 
 Ulloa y Pereira, Louis de. Spanish Poet — . . 1660 
 
 UlpMlas, or Umias. Gothic Bishop and Writer (348-81) 311?. 381 
 
 Ulpian, Domitius. Roman Jurist — . . 228 
 
 Ulug-Beg. Tartar Prince. Astronomer i394- • ^449 
 
 Umbreit, Frederick William Charles. German Protestant 
 
 Theologian 1795 . . i860 
 
 TJncas. North Amer. Indian Chief ; Sachem of Mohegans — ..1680? 
 
 Underwood, T. R. Artist and Geologist — . . 1835 
 
 TJnger, Frederica Helen. Novelist and Translator — . . 1813 
 
 TJnger, John Frederick Theophilus. German Printer and 
 
 Wood Engraver 1750- .1804 
 
 Unzer, John Augustus. German Medical and Physiolog- 
 ical Writer 1727. .1799 
 
 Upcott, William. Autograph Collector i779- • 1845 
 
 Upshur, Abel Parker. American Jurist and Statesman . — ..1844 
 Upton, James. Divine and Scholar ; Editor of Aristotle 
 
 and Ascham 1670. .1749 
 
 Upton, John. Prebendary of Rochester ; Editor of Spenser 1 707 . . 1 760 
 
 Urban I. Pope (222-30) — . . 230 
 
 Urban n. (1088-99.) Otho or Eudes — ..1099 
 
 Urban III. ( 1185-87. ) Hubert Crivelli — . . 1 187 
 
 Urban IV. (1261-64.) James Fnntaleon —..1264 
 
 Urban V. (1362-70.) William de Grinioard — -.1370 
 
 Urban VI. (1378-89.) Bariholomew di Prignano 1318''. 1389 
 
 Urban VII. Elected Sept. 15, 1590. John Bapt.Castngna — ..1590 
 Urban VIII. (1623-44.) Maffeo Barbenni. Life by 
 
 Dr. Brown 1 568 . . 1644 
 
 Urbino, Timotheus di. See Vite i47o''- 1524' 
 
 Urceo, Anthony. Codrtts Urceus. Italian Scholar.... 1446.. 1500 
 
 Ure, Andrew, M. D. Scottish Chemist 1778.. 1857 
 
 Urf6, Anne d'. French Poet 1555.. 1621 
 
 Urf6, Honore d', brother. Poet. {UAstree) 1567. • 1625 
 
 Urqilhart, Sir Thomas, of Cromarty. Philol. and Math. — . . 1642 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 405 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Urraca. Queen of Leon, Castile, and Asturias 1080. .1126 
 
 Ursins, Anne Maria de la Tremoille, Princess des. Poli- 
 tician. {Memoirs and Correspondence) 1642'' . 1722 
 
 Ursins, John Juvenal des. Archbishop of Rheims. {Reign 
 
 of Charles VI.) 1388. .1473 
 
 tJrsinus, Benjamin. Behr. German Mathematician ... 1587. .1633 
 Ursinus, Benjamin. Lutheran Bishop and Coirrt Preacher fl. 1700 
 
 Ursinus, Fulyius. Scholar and Classical Editor 1529. . 1600 
 
 Ursinus, George Henry. Pliilologist 1647 . . 1 707 
 
 Ursinus, John Henr}'-. German Lutheran Divine. {Rise 
 
 of the Churches of Germany) — . . 1667 
 
 Ursinus, Zachary. German Protestant Theologian i534- -1583 
 
 Ursticius, Christian. See Wursticius 1 544 . . 1 588 
 
 Ursula, St. Virgin and Martyr. — . . 453-'' 
 
 Ursus, Nicholas Kayraarus. Danish Mathematician ... . 1550'. 1600 
 Urville, Julius Sebastian Caesar Dumont d' . French Nav- 
 igator. ( Voyage to South Pole) I790- • 1842 
 
 Usez, Robert d' — . . 1291 
 
 Usher, James. Archbishop. Life by Dr. Nicholas Ber- 
 nard; Dr. Richard Parr and Thomas Marshall; Dr. 
 
 John Aikin, 1773 ; Dr. Ebrington 1580. . 1656 
 
 Ustariz, Jerome. Spanish Political Economist — . .1750' 
 
 Usteri, Leonard. Swiss Educationist 1741 •. -1789 
 
 Utenhovius, Charles. Polemical and Political Divine . . 1536?. 1600 
 
 Utrecht, Adrian van. Dutch Painter i599- • 1651 
 
 Uvaroflf, or Ouvarotf, Sergy Semenovitch. Russian States- 
 man and Writer 1785. .1855 
 
 Uvedale, Robert, d. d. Botanist 1642. .1722 
 
 Uwlns, David, m. d. Medical Writer 1780. . 1837 
 
 Uwins, Thomas, r. a. Life b^ Mrs. Uwins, 1858 1783. .1857 
 
 Uz, John Peter. German Lync Poet 1720. .1796 
 
 Uzziah. King of Judah (b. c. 808-756) 824? . 756 B.C. 
 
406 A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 V. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Vaart, John van der. Flemish Painter and Engraver. . 1647. .1721 
 
 Vacarius. Civilian at Oxford fl. 1 149 
 
 Vacea, Flaminius. Italian Sculptor fl. 1594 
 
 Vacea-Berlinghieri, Francis. Italian Physician 1732. . 1812 
 
 Vaccaro, Andrew. Italian Painter 1598- . 1670 
 
 Vaccaro, Francis. Italian Engraver and Painter 1636. . 1687 
 
 Vachet, John Anthony le. French Religious Writer and 
 
 Benefactor 1603, .1681 
 
 Vachet, Peter Joseph du. French Latin Poet — . .1655? 
 
 Vacquette, John, Sieur de Cardonhoy. Jurist and Writer 1658 .. 1 739 
 
 Vadder, Louis de. Dutch Landscape Painter 1560. .1623 
 
 Vad6, John Joseph. French Humorous Poet 1720. .1757 
 
 Vadianus, Joachim. Swiss Scholar 1484. . 1551 
 
 Vaga, Pierino del. Peter Buonaccorsi. Italian Painter. . 1501 . .1547 
 
 Vahl, Martin. Norwegian Botanist i749- • 1804 
 
 Vaillant, Francis le. French Naturalist i753- • 1824 
 
 Vaillant, John Foy. French Numismatist and Traveler 1632. .1706 
 
 Vaillant, John Francis Foy, son. Medalist 1665 . .1708 
 
 Vaillant, Sebastian. French Botanist ; 1669. .1722 
 
 Vaillant, Wallerant. Flemish Portrait Painter 1623. . 1677 
 
 Vaillant de Quelle, Germain. Commentator on Virgil — . .1587 
 Vaissette, Joseph. Fr. Benedictine. {Hisi.of Languedoc) 1685.. 1756 
 
 Valad6, James Francis. French Bibliographer — . .1784 
 
 Valazo, Charles Eleonore Dufriche. French Girondist . . 1751. .1793 
 Valcarcel, Antonius, Count de Lumiares. Spanish Antiq. 1740^ 1808 
 Valckenaer, John. Dutch Scholar, Statesman, & Jurist 1759. . 1821 
 Valckenaer, Louis Gaspar. Dutch Philologist and Critic 1715 . .1785 
 Valdes, or Valdesso, John. Spanish Reformer in Italy. . — . .1540 
 
 Valdez, John Melendez. Spanish Poet 1754.. 1817 
 
 Valdo, or Waldo, Peter, of Lyons. Religious Reformer. — ..1179 
 
 Val6e, Sylvain Charles, Count. French General i773- .1846 
 
 Valence^ or Lesignan, Aymer de. Bishop of Winchester — ..1260 
 
 Valens, Fabius. Roman' General — .. 69 
 
 Valens, Flavins. Emperor of the East (364-78) 328?. 378 
 
 Valentia, George Annesley, Ninth Viscount. ( Voyages 
 
 and Travels) » "^-770. . 1844 
 
 Valentine, St. Bishop or Presbyter; beheaded — . . 270 
 
 Valentine. Pope. Elected September 1, 827 — . . 827 
 
 Valentine, of Milan, wife of Louis Duke of Orleans 1370''. 1408 
 
 Valentine, Basil. Alchemist. ( Currus Triumphulls Anti- 
 
 monii) fl. i6th c. 
 
 Valentine, Moses, or Peter. French Painter 1600. .1632 
 
 Valentini, Michael Bernard. German Medical Writer. . 1657. .1729 
 Valentini, Peter Francis, of Rome. Musical Composer — . .1654 
 
 Valentinian I. Roman Emperor (364-75) 321.. 375 
 
 Valentinian II. (375-92) 371?. 392 
 
 Valentinian III. (425-55) 419?. 455 
 
 Valentinus. Gnostic Heresiarch fl. 140-160 
 
 Valerian. Roman Emperor (253-60) — aft. 260 
 
 Valerianus, Johannes Pierius. Italian Latin Poet i477- -1558 
 
 Valerius Corvus, Marcus. Roman General 371?. 271? b.c. 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 407 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Valerius Flaccus, Caius. Latin Poet. {Argdnautica) — . . 88? 
 
 Valerius Maximus. Roman Historian fl. ti. Tiberius 
 
 Valesio, Francis. Spanish Medical Writer ti. Phil. II. 
 
 Valesius, Adrian. De Valois. French Historian and Critic 1607. 
 Valesius, Henriciis, brother. De Valoi^ French Critic 1603. 
 Valette, John Louis de Nogaret, Due d'Epernon. French 
 
 General i554- 
 
 Valette, John Parisot de la. Founder of Valetta in Malta 1494. 
 
 Valiero, Augustin. Cardinal; Writer 1531 . 
 
 Valin, Ren(5 Joshua. ( Coutume de la RocheUe) 1695 . 
 
 Valincourt, John Bapt. du Trousset de. Critic & Writer 1653. 
 
 Valkenburgh, Theodore. Dutch Painter ' 1675 . . ■ 
 
 Valla, Lawrence. Italian Philologist 1406'^' . 
 
 VaJlancey, Colonel Charles. Irish Antiquary 1721 . . 
 
 Valle, Peter della. // Pellegrino. Italian Traveler 1586. . 
 
 Vallemont, Peter le Lorrain de. Historian & Naturalist 1649. . 
 
 Vallet, or Valet, William. Engraver -1634. . 
 
 Valli, Eusebius. Italian Medical Writer 1762. . 
 
 Valliere, Frances Louisa, Duchess de la. Favorite of 
 
 Louis XIV 1644. . 
 
 Vallisnieri, Anthony. Italian Naturalist i66i . . 
 
 Valmont de Bomare, James Christopher. Fr. Naturalist 1731 . . 
 
 Valois, Adrian de. French Historian 1607. . 
 
 Valois, Henry de, brother. Valesius. French Critic 1603. . 
 
 Valois de la Mare, Charles. Writer. ( Valesiance) 1671 . . 
 
 Valperga di Caluso, Thomas. Piedmontese Mathem. . . 1737. . 
 Valpy, Rev. Edward. Master at Norwich. {Eleg'antice 
 
 Latince) 1764?. 
 
 Valpy, Rev. Richard, d.d., br. Master of Reading School 1754. . 
 Valsalva, Anthony Mary. Ital. Physician and Anatomist 1666. . 
 
 Van Achen, or Aken, John. German Painter 1552- • 
 
 Van Araburgh, Isaac. Lion-King — . . 
 
 Van Buren, Martin. Eighth President of United States 1782 
 
 Van Butchell, Martin. Empiric I734''- 
 
 Van Ceiilen, or Keulen, Ludolph. Mathem. of Leyden . — .. 
 
 Van-Cleve, Joseph. French Sculptor 1644. . 
 
 Van Diemen, Anthony. Dutch Governor in India i593- • i 
 
 Van Dyck, or Vandyke, Sir Anthony. Flemish Painter. 
 
 Life by Carpenter, 1844 1599 . . 
 
 Van Eflfe'n, Justus. Dutch Writer 1684. . 
 
 Van Helmont, Segres James. Flemish Historical Painter 1683. , 
 
 Van Hoeck, John. Flemish Painter 1600. . 
 
 Van Mildert, William. Bishop of Durham 1765 . , 
 
 Van Wess, Cornelius P., ll. d. American Jurist and 
 
 Diplomatist 1781 . . 
 
 Van Obstal, Gerard. Dutch Sculptor 1597. . 
 
 Van Oort, Adam. Dutch Painter i557- ■ 
 
 Van Oost, Jacob. JSlder. Flemish Historical Painter. . 1600?. 
 
 Van Oost, Jacob, son. Younger. Portrait Painter 1637.. 
 
 Van Orlay, Bernard. Bernard of Brussels. Painter . . . 1490?. 
 
 Van Orlay, Richard. Flemish Painter 1652. . 
 
 Van Os, John. Flower and Marine Painter, and Poet. . . 1744. . 
 
 Van Os, Peter Gerard, son. Animal Painter 1776. . 
 
 Van Ostade, Adrian. Dutch Painter 1610. . 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Cortland, d. d. American Writer 1808. . 
 
408 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Van Bensselaer, Stephen, ll. d. Patroon. American 
 
 Statesman and Patron of Learning 1764. .1839 
 
 Van Spaendonck, Gerard. Flemish Painter of Flowers 1752. .1822 
 Van Thulden, Theodore. Dutch Fainter and Engraver 1607. .1676 
 
 Van Utrecht, Adrian. Dutch Painter 1599. . 165 1 
 
 Van Veen, or Venius, Otho. Dutch Painter 1556. . 1634 
 
 Van der Cabel, or Kabel, Adrian. Dutch Painter 1631 . . 1695 
 
 Van der Does, Jacob. The Old. Dutch Paint. & Engrav. 1623. . 1673 
 
 Van der Does, Jacob. The. Younger, son. Painter 1654. . 1693 
 
 Van der Does, Simon, brother. Painter 1653. .1717 
 
 Van der Heist, Bartholomew. Portrait Painter 1613. . 1670-' 
 
 Van der Heyden, John. Flemish Architectural Painter 1637. . 1712 
 
 Van der Meer. Dutch Painter. See Meer 1627 . . 1691 
 
 Van der Monde, Charles Augustus. Medical Writer. . . 1 727 . , 1 762 
 
 Van der "Werf, Adrian. Dutch Painter 1659. .1722 
 
 Van der Werf, Peter, brother. Painter 1665 . . 1718 
 
 Van der Weyde, Roger. Roger ofBu-uges. Flemish His- 
 torical and Portrait Painter 1455?. 1529 
 
 Vanaken, Joseph. Dutch Painter 1699. .1749 
 
 Vanbrugh, Sir John. Architect and Dramatist 1666'. 1726 
 
 Vancouver, George. Navigator and Discoverer 1758^1798 
 
 Vandale, Anthony. Dutch Physician and Theologian. . 1638. .1708 
 
 Vandarame, Dominic Joseph. French General 1771 . .1830 
 
 Vandelli, Dominic. Italian Physician and Naturalist. . . — ..1815? 
 Vanden-Eckout, Gerbrandt. Dutch Historian and Por- 
 trait Painter 1621 . . 1674 
 
 VandenhoflF, John. English Tragedian 1790. . 1861 
 
 Vanderburch, Emile. French Dramatist I794-' • 1862 
 
 Vanderlyn, John. American Painter 1776. . 1852 
 
 Vandermeulen, Anthony Francis. Flemish Painter .. . 1634.. 1690 
 
 Vandermevden, Peter. Battle Painter in England fl. 1670 
 
 Vandermonde, — . Fr. Mathematician and Philosopher 1735 . .1796 
 
 Vandervelde, Adrian. Dutch Painter 1639 , . 1672 
 
 Vandervelde, Isaiah. Flemish Painter 1590?. 1648 
 
 Vandervelde, John. Flemish Painter in England . . . 1598. aft. 1677 
 Vandervelde, William. The Elder. Marine Painter .. 1610. .1693 
 Vandervelde, William, son. The Younger. Marine Paint. 1633.. 1707 
 
 Vandyck, Philip. Little. Dutch Painter 1680. .1752 
 
 Vandyk, Harry Stoe. English Poet and Miscel. Writer 1798?. 1828 
 
 Vane, Sir Henry. Statesman 1589. • 1654 
 
 Vane, Sir Henry, son. Republican Statesman; beheaded. 
 
 Life by C. W. Upham 1612. . 1662 
 
 Vanetti, Clementino. Italian Writer 1755 . .1794 
 
 Vaneyck, Hubert. Painter 1366. . 1426 
 
 Vaneyck, John, brother. John of Bruges. Painter 1370. . 1441 
 
 Vaniere, James. French Jesuit; Poet 1664. .1739 
 
 Vanini, Lucilius. Italian Philosopher; burnt for Atheism. 
 
 Life by Schram, 1709 ; Durand, 1717; Fuhrmann,1800 1585. .1619 
 Vanloo, tharles Andrew. French Historical Painter. 
 
 Life bj' Dandre-Bardon 1705 . . 1765 
 
 Vanloo, John Baptist, brother. Portrait Painter 1684. .1746 
 
 Vanmander, Charles. Flemish Painter and Author 1548.. 1606 
 
 Vanni, Francis. Italian Historical Painter 1565?. 1610? 
 
 Vanni, John Baptist. Florentine Painter. i599- • 1660 
 
 Vannucoi, Andrew. Del Sarto. Painter 1488. . 1530 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 409 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Vannucci, Peter. Perugino. Painter 1446 . . 1 524 
 
 Vanpraet. Bibliopolist. \ Cat. of Works printed onVellum) 1754.. 1837 
 
 Vansomer, Paul. Flemish Portrait Painter 1576'. 1621 
 
 Vanswieten, Gerard. Dutch Medical Writer 1700. .1772 
 
 Vanucei. See Vannucci. 
 
 Vanuden, Lucas. Landscape Painter 1595 . . 1662 
 
 Vanvitelli, Louis. Italian Architect 1700. .1773 
 
 Varolii, Benedict. Florentine Writer. {Ercolatio) 1502 . .1565 
 
 Varenius, Augustus. Lutheran Divine and Hebraist. . . 1620. .1684 
 Varenius, Bernard. Dutch Phys. {Universal Geography) — ..1660 
 
 Vargas, Louis de. Spanish Painter 1502. .1568 
 
 Vargas-Mexia, Francis de. Span. Lawyer and Statesm. — . .1560? 
 Varignon, Peter. Fr. Mathem. {Nouvelle Mechanique) 1654. .1722 
 
 Varillas, Anthony. French Historian 1624 . . 1696 
 
 Varius, Lucius. Latin Poet — b.c. i i ' 
 
 Varley, John. English Water Color Painter 1777''. 1842 
 
 Varnhagen von Ense, Charles Augustus Louis Philip. 
 
 German Author 1785 . . 1858 
 
 Varnhagen von Ense, Rachel Antonia Frederica, wife.. 1771 . .1833 
 
 Varnum, James Mitchell. American General i749- -1789 
 
 Varoli, Constant. Ital. Anatomist. Discov. of Pows Varoli 1542.. 1575 
 
 Varotari, Alexander. Paduanino. Painter 1590. . 1650 
 
 Varotari, Chiara, sister. Portrait Painter 1582. . 1639 
 
 Varro, Caius Terentius. Roman Consul (b. c. 216). . . — aft. 202 b.c. 
 Varro, Marcus Terentius. Roman Writer. Most Learned 
 
 of the Romans 116.28 B.C. 
 
 Varro, Publius Terentius. Atadnus. Latin Author. 
 
 (Argonautica) 82 . . 37 B.C. 
 
 Varus, Quintilius. Poet ; Friend of Virgil and Horace . . — b. c. 24 
 
 Vasa, Gustavus. See Gustavus 1490. .1560 
 
 Vasari, George. Ital. Painter, Biographer, and Architect 1512. .1574 
 
 Vasconcellos, Michael. Portuguese Statesman — . . 1640 
 
 Vascosan, Michael. French Printer 1500?. 1576 
 
 Vasques, Alphonso. Spanish Painter and Sculptor 1575?. 1645? 
 
 Vasques, Gabriel. Spanish Theologian i55i-- 1604 
 
 Vasselier, Joseph. French Poet 1735 .. 1798 
 
 Vassor, Michael le. French Protestant Convert. {His- 
 tory of Louis XIIL) 1647?. 1718 
 
 Vatable, Vatebl^, or Gastebled, Francis. Fr. Orientalist — . .1547 
 Vater, John Severin. German Philologist and Theologian 1771 . . 1826 
 
 Vattel, Emmerich de. Swiss Publicist and Jurist 1714- -^7^7 
 
 Vattier, Peter. French Arabic Scholar and Translator. . 1623. .1667 
 Vauban, Sebastian Leprestre, Seigneur de. French Mili- 
 tary' Engineer 1633. . 1707 
 
 Vaucanson, James de. French Mechanician 1709- -1782 
 
 Vaucher, John Peter. Theologian & Botanist at Geneva — ..1841 
 Vaugelas, Claude Favre de. {Sur la Jjangue Francoise) . 1585 ? . 1650 
 Vaughan, Alfred. Poet & Reviewer. { Hours mth Mystics) 1823.. 1857 
 Vaughan, Henry. Poet. Bilurist. Life by H. F. Lyte 1621. .1695 
 
 Vaughan, Sir John. Judge. {Reports) 1608. . 1674 
 
 Vaughan, Sir John, d. c. l. Judge 1 772 . . 1839 
 
 Vaughan, Thomas. Eugenius PfiUalethes. Alchemist.. — ..1666 
 
 Vaughan, William. Welsh Poet. ( Golden Grove) i577 • • 1640? 
 
 Vaumoridre, Peter Dortigue, Sieur de. French Writer. i6io''.i693 
 Vauquelin, Louis Nicholas. French Analytical Chemist 1763. .1829 
 
410 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Vauvenargues, Luke de Clapiers, Mqs. of. Fr. Writer . 1715 . . 1747 
 Vauvilliers, John Francis. French Classical Scholar; 
 
 died in Russia i "jyj . . 1801 
 
 Vaux, Sir Nicholas, Lord. Favorite of Henry VIII — . . 1522 
 
 Vaux, Noel Jourdan de. Marshal of France 1705 . .1788 
 
 Vaux, Thomas, Lord. Poet 1510. .1557 
 
 Vavasseur, Francis. Fr. Jesuit ; Latin Scholar and Poet 1605 . . 1681 
 "Vecchi, Horatio. Italian Musical Composer and Poet . . — ..1605 
 
 Vecchi, John de. Italian Painter 1536. . 1614 
 
 Vecchia, Peter. Painter 1605 . . 1678 
 
 Vecelli, Francis. Painter 1483 . . 1560 
 
 VeceUi, Horatio, son of Titian. Painter 15 15.. 1576 
 
 Vecelli, Marcus. Marco da Tizlano. Painter 1545 . . 161 1 
 
 Vecelli, Tiziano, or Titian. See Titian 1477.. 1576 
 
 Veeninx, John Baptist. Dutch Painter 1621 ?. 1660 
 
 Vega, Garcilasso de la. Spanish Poet. /See Garcilasso. 1503. .1536 
 
 Vega, Garcilasso de la. Inca. See Garcilasso 1530- • ^S^^ 
 
 Vega, George von. Baron. Colonel. Ger. Mathematician 1754. . 1802 
 Vega, Lope de. Span. Poet. Life by Lord Holland, 1817 1562. .1635 
 
 Vegetius, Flavins Renatus. Latin Military Writer A* S^S' 
 
 VeU, or Vie), Charles Mary de. Converted Jew. Com- 
 mentator .' — . . 1680' 
 
 Veil, or Viel, Louis Compiegne de, brother. Converted 
 
 JeAv. Hebraist — . .1700? 
 
 Veit, Philip. German Painter i793- -1^54 
 
 Velasco, Antonio Palomino de Castro. Spanish Painter 
 
 and Historian of Spanish Painters 1653. .1726 
 
 Velasquez, James Rodriguez de Silva y. Spanish Paint- 
 er. Life by Stirling, 1855 1599.. 1660 
 
 Velde, Francis Charles van der. German Novelist i779- • 1824 
 
 Veldeke, Henry von. German Minnesinger ti. 1170- 
 
 Velly, Paul Francis. Historian 1709'. 1759 
 
 Velser, or Welser, Mark. German Civilian 1558. • 1614 
 
 Veltheim, Augustus Francis, Count von. Mineralogist i74i..i8oi 
 Velthuysen, Lambert. Dutch Physician, Theol., Philos. 1622. . 1685 
 Venables, Robert. Colonel. (Experienced Angler). .. . — ..1687 
 
 Vence, Henry Francis de. French Biblical Writer 1676''. 1749 
 
 Vendome, Caesar, Duke of, son of Gabrielle d'Estrdes. . . 1594. .1665 
 
 Vendome, Louis, Duke of, son 1612. . 1699 
 
 Vendonae, Louis Joseph, Duke of. French General .... 1654. .1712 
 Vendome, Philip, Duke of. Commander 1655 . .1727 
 
 Veneroni. John Vigneron. French Grammarian fl. 1708 
 
 Veneziano, Anthony. Italian Painter 1310' 
 
 Veneziano, Augustine. Venetian Engraver 1490?. 
 
 Veneziano, Dominic. Italian Painter 1406. . 
 
 Venezianu, Anthony. Sicilian Poet i543- • 
 
 Veniero, Dominic. Italian Poet 1517^- 
 
 Venius, or Van Veen, Otho. Dutch Painter 1556. ■ 
 
 Venn, Rev. Henry. Rector of Yelling. ( Complete Duty) 1725. . 
 Venn, Rev. John, son. Rector of Clapham. (Sermons) 1759. . 
 
 Venner, Thomas. Fanatic — . . 
 
 Vernier, Tobias. English Medical Writer i577- • 
 
 Venning, Ralph. Ejected Nonconf. Div. (Helps to Piety) 1620?. 
 
 Ventenat, Stephen Peter. French Botanist i757- • 
 
 Ventinaiglia, Joseph. Sicilian Prince and Statesman. . . 1761 . . 
 
 540? 
 462 
 
 593 
 582 
 
 634 
 797 
 813 
 661 
 660 
 
 673 
 808 
 814 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 411 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Ventura, G. D. Joachim. Italian Jesuit; Orator and 
 
 Theologian I792.,i86i 
 
 Venusti, Marcello. // Mantuano. Italian Painter 1515..1576 
 
 Veratti, Laura. Female Scholar 1711 . . — 
 
 Verbiest, Ferdinand. Flemish Math, and Miss, to China 1630?. 1688 
 Verdier, Anthony du. {Bibliotheque des Auieurs Fraiujuis) 1544. .1600 
 
 Verdier, Caesar. French Anatomist 1685 . . 1759 
 
 Vere, Sir Aubrey de. Dramatic Poet — . . 1846 
 
 Vere, Edward de. Seventeenth Earl of Oxford. Poet . . 1540?. 1604 
 
 Vere, Sir Francis. General. Defender of Ostend i554- • 1608 
 
 Vere, Sir Horace, Baron of Tilbury, brother. General . . 1565 . . 1635 
 
 Verelius, Olaus. Olaf Werl Swedish Antiquars' 1618. . 1682 
 
 Verelst, Simon. Dutch Fruit and Flower Painter. 1604. .1651 
 
 Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Count de. Fr. Statesman. 171 7. .1787 
 Vergerio, Peter Paul. The Elder. Ital. Reviver of Learning 1349. .1431' 
 Vergerio, Peter Paul. The Younger. Roman Catholic 
 
 Bishop and Protestant Convert • — . .1565 
 
 Vergier, James. French Poet 1657. . 17^0 
 
 Vergier de Hauranne, John du. Abbot of St. Cyran. 
 
 Jansenist 1581 . . 1643 
 
 Vergil, Polydore. English Historian 1470?. 1555 
 
 Vergne, Louis Elizabeth de la. Count de Tressan. French 
 
 Writer 1705 . .1782 
 
 Vergniaud, Peter Victurnien. French Girondist i759- -1793 
 
 Verheyen, Philip. Dutch Physician and Anatomist. . . . 1648. .1710 
 
 Vermeulen, John. /See Mola'nus i533--i585 
 
 Vermeyen, John Cornelius. Dutch Painter 1500. .1559 
 
 Vermigli. P tier Martyr. Italian Protestant Reformer 1500.. 1562 
 
 Vepmuyden, Sir Cornelius. Engineer — . . 1665 
 
 Vemes, Jacob. Genevese Divine 1728, .1791 
 
 Vernet, Anthony Charles Horace. Carle. French Painter 1758. . 1836 
 
 Vernet, Claude Joseph. French Marine Painter 1714- -1789 
 
 Vernet, f^mile John Horace. Painter 1789. .1863 
 
 Vernet, Jacob. Genevese Divine 1698 . .1789 
 
 Vemey, Joseph Guichard du. French Anatomist 1648. .1730 
 
 Vernier, Peter, of Franche Comt6. Inventor of Scale. . . 1580?. 1637 
 
 Vernon, Edward. Admiral 1684. .1757 
 
 Vernon, Robert. Founder of Vernon Gallery i774- -1849 
 
 Veronese, Alexander. Turchi and V Orbettp. Ital. Painter 1582 . . 1648 
 
 Veronese, Paul. Painter. See Cagliari 1530?. 1588 
 
 Verres, Caius. Roman Governor of Sicily — b. c. 43 
 
 Verri, Alexander. Italian Writer. {Le Notti Romane) . 1741 . • 1816 
 
 Verri, Peter, brother. Economist 1728. .1797 
 
 Verrio, Anthony. Italian Painter 1639. .1707 
 
 Verroccliio, Andrew del. Italian Painter 1432. .1488 
 
 Verstegan, Richard. Antiquary — . . 1635' 
 
 Vert, Claude de. French Benedictine. Liturgist 1645. .1708 
 
 Vertot D'Auboenf, Ren^ Aubert de. French Historian 1655. .1735 
 
 Vertue, George. Engraver and Antiquary 1684. .1756 
 
 Verus, Lucius Aurelius. Colleague of M. Aurelius. Emp. 130.. 169 
 
 Vesalius, Andrew. Dutch Anatomist 1514..1 564 
 
 Vesling, John. Physician, Anatomist, and Botanist . . . 1598. .1649 
 Vespasian, Titus Flavins. Roman Emperor (70-79). .. . 9.. 79 
 Vesputius, or Vespucci, Americus. Italian Navigator. 
 
 L. by Lester, 1846 ; Santarem, tr. by E. V. ChUde, 1850 1451 . . 1516 
 
412 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Vestris, Madame, nee Bartolozzi. (Mrs. Matthews.) 
 
 Comic Actress 1797.. 1858 
 
 Vestris, Angiolo Mary Caspar. Italian Dancer 1730- .1809 
 
 Vestris, Gaetano Apolline Balthasar, brother. Dancer. . 1729. .1808 
 Vestris, Mme. Mary Rose Gourgaud Dugazon. Actress 1746. .1804 
 Vestris, Vestris Allard. Vtstris If. Italian Dancer . . . 1760. .1862 
 Vettori, or Victorias, Peter. Italian Scholar and Poet. . 1499. .1585 
 
 Viaud, Theophilus de. French Poet 1590- • 1626 
 
 Vicars, Hedley S. J. Captain. Life by Miss Marsh. . , . 1826. .1855 
 
 Vicars, John. Presbyterian Enthusiast 1582. . 1652 
 
 Vicary, Thomas. Anat. {A Treasure for Englishmen), fi. 1548 
 
 Vicat, Louis Joseph. French Engineer". 1786. . 1861 
 
 Vicente, Gil. Portuguese Comic Poet and Dramatist. . . 1485''. 1557 
 
 Vici, Andrew. Italian Architect i744- • i^i? 
 
 Vico, Eneas, of Venice. Medalist — . .1560? 
 
 Vico, Francis de. Italian Astronomer 1805 . . 1848 
 
 Vico, John Baptist. Italian Critic, Historian, and Jurist. 
 
 ' ( Scienza Nuova) 1668 . . 1744 , 
 
 Vicq-d'Azyr, Felix. French Physician and Naturalist. 
 
 {Ehges Historiques) 1714- • 1794 
 
 Victoire, Madame, aunt of Louis XVI 1 733- 1799 
 
 Victor, St., of Marseilles. Martyr — . . 303 
 
 Victor I. Pope (185-97) —..197 
 
 Victor II. (1055-57.) Gebehard — ..1057 
 
 Victor III. Elected May 24, 1086. .Dldier or Deslderius 1027 . .1087 
 
 Victor IV. Antipope — . . 1 164 
 
 Victor, Claude Perrin, Duke of Belluno. Marshal of 
 
 France. ( Memoirs) 1 764 . . 1841 
 
 Victor, Sextus Aurelius. Latin Historian fi. 350? 
 
 Victor- Amadeus I. Duke of Savoy (1630-37) 1587. . 1637 
 
 Victor- Araadeus II. Duke of Savoy, and First King 
 
 of Sardinia a713-32) 1666. .1732 
 
 Victor- Amadeus III. King of Sardinia (1773-96) 1726. . 1796 
 
 Victor-Emmanuel I. King of Sardinia (1802-21) i759- • 1824 
 
 Victorin, of Feltre. Instructor of Youth 1379?. 1447 
 
 Victorinus, Caius, or Fabius Marius. African Philoso- 
 pher and Christian Convert — . . 386''' 
 
 Victorius, Benedict, Medical Writer at Bologna 1480''. 1552? 
 
 Victorius, or Vettori, Peter. Classical Scholar and Editor 1499. .1585 
 Vida, Mark Jerome, of Cremona. Italian Poet. {Ckrisiiad) 1480?. 1566 
 Vidius, Vidus. Guido Guidi. Italian Anatomist at Paris — ••1569 
 Vidocq, Eugene Francis. French Adventurer; Chief of 
 
 Detective Police. (Autobiography) 1775 . . 1850 
 
 Vien, Madame. French Painter of Flowers, Birds, &c. . . 1728?. 1805 
 
 Vien, Joseph Mary, husband. Historical Painter 1716. . 1809 
 
 Vien, Joseph Mary. The Younger, son. Portrait Painter 1761. .1809 
 
 Vieta, or Viete, Francis. French Mathematician 1540- ■ 1600 
 
 Vieussens, Raymond de, f. r. s., of Montpellier. Anat- 
 omist. (Neurologia Universalis) 1641 . . 1716 
 
 Vieyra, or Vieira, Anthony. Port. Writer and Preacher 1608. .1697 
 
 Vigand, or Wigand, John. Lutheran Divine 1523. -1587 
 
 Vigee, Louis John Baptist Stephen. Fr. Poetical Writer 1758. .1820 
 VigenSre, Blaise de, French Translator and Scholar. . . 1523. .1596 
 Viger, Francis. Jesuit of Rouen. Philol. (De Idiotismis) — ..1647 
 Vigilantius. Christian Writer fl. 406 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 413 
 
 BORW. DIED. 
 
 Vigilius. African Prelate and Polemical "Writer fl. 484? 
 
 Vigllius. Pope (537-55) — •• 555 
 
 Vigne, Andrew de la. French Historical Writer — . .1527? 
 
 Vigne, Anne de la. French Poetess 1634. . 1684 
 
 Vigne, Peter delle. Italian Jurist and Politician. Chan- 
 cellor of Frederick II. ; Writer — . .1249 
 
 Vigneul de Maiville. See Argonne 1640? . 1 704 
 
 Vignier, Jerome. Fr. Orientalist, Antiquary, Medalist. . 1606. ,1661 
 Vignier, Nicholas. French Historian and Chronologist 1530. .1596 
 
 Vignola, James Barozzi da. Italian Architect 1507. .1573 
 
 Vignoles, Alphonso des. Chronologist, Historian, and 
 
 Antiquary 1649 . . 1 744 
 
 Vignoles, Stephen de. La Hire. French Commander 1390?. 1443 
 Vigny, Alfred, Count de. French Poet and Novelist , . . 1799. - 1863 
 
 Vigo, John da. Italian Surgeon * fl. 1514 
 
 Vigors, Nicholas Avlward. Irish Zoologist 1787. .1840 
 
 ViUalpandi, John feapt. Span. Jesuit Div. ( OnEzehiel) 1552. .1608 
 
 Villani, John. Florentine Historian — . .1348 
 
 ViUani, Matthew, brother. Florentine Historian — . .1363 
 
 Villani, Philip, son. Florentine Historian — . . 1404? 
 
 Villanueva, James. Spanish Writer. ( Viage Literarin) 1765. .1824 
 Villanueva, Joachim Lorenzo de, brother. Author and 
 
 Patriot. (Poesias) 1757.. 1837 
 
 ViUaret, Claude. French Historian; Continuator of Velly 171 5 '.1766 
 Villars, Charles Louis Hector, Duke of. Marshal of 
 
 France. Life by Margon; self and Anquetil, 1784. . . 1653. .1734 
 
 Villars, Dominic. French Botanist 1745 • -1814 
 
 Villars, Montfaucon de. Fr. Preacher. ( Comte de Gabalis) 1640?. 1675 
 Villedieu, Mary Hortense Desjardins, Madame de. French 
 
 Novelist 1632, . 1683 
 
 VUlefore, Joseph Francis Bourgoin de. Biographer. ... 1652. .1737 
 Villegas, Stephen Manuel de. Span. Poet. (Amatorias) 1596. .1669 
 
 Villehardouin, Geoffrey de. French Historian 1 167* .1213? 
 
 VUlele, Joseph, Count de. French Statesman ^773- -1854 
 
 Villena, Henry d'Aragon, Marquis de. Spanish Poet. 
 
 ( Gaya Sciencia) 1384. . 1434 
 
 Villena, John de Pacheco, Mqs. de. Castilian Statesman — . .1473 
 
 Villeneuve, Christopher de. Soldier 1541 . . 1615 
 
 Villeneuve, Gabrielle Susanna Barbot de. Fr. Novelist 1695?. 1755 
 Villeneuve, Huon de. French Poet. {Les Quatre Fils 
 
 cVAyTmn) ti. Phil. Aug. 
 
 Villeneuve, Peter Charles John Baptist Sylvestre de. 
 
 French Admiral 1763. .1806 
 
 Villeneuve, Romee de. Grand Seneschal of Provence ii7o'.i25o'' 
 
 Villeneuve, Rosaline de. Saint. Ascetic 1263?. 1329 
 
 Villeneuve, William de. Soldier and Writer. ( Conqmte 
 
 de Naples) fl. 1497 
 
 ViUers, Charles Francis Dominic de. French Writer 1767. .1815 
 
 Villette, Charles, Marquis de. French Politician, Poet, 
 
 and Writer , 1736. .1793 
 
 Villiers, George, First Duke of Buckingham. Favorite ; 
 
 assassinated 1592. . 1628 
 
 Villiers, George, Second Duke of Buckingham, son. Prof- 
 ligate and Wit 1627. . 1688 
 
 ViUiers, Montague. Bishop of Durham 1813. . 1861 
 
414 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIBD. 
 
 Villiers de I'lsle Adam, Philip de. Grand Master 1464. . 1534 
 
 Villoisin, John Baptist Gaspar d'Ansse de. French Schol- 
 ar and Collector of MSS 1750. .1805 
 
 Villotte, James. Jesuit Divine and Traveler in Armenia 1656. .1743 
 Vince, Rev. Samuel. Mathematician; Plumian Professor 
 
 of Astronomy & Experimental Philosophy, Cambridge — . .1821 
 Vincent, of Beauvais. French Writer. {Speculum Mnjus) — ..1264 
 Vincent, Augustine. Herald. Life bv Sir N. H. Nico- 
 las, 1827 ■; — . . 1626 
 
 Vincent, Nathaniel. Nonconformist Divine — . . 1697 
 
 Vincent, Thomas. Nonconf. Divine ; Writer on the Plague 1634. . 1678 
 Vincent, William. Dean of Westminster. Divine, Clas- 
 sic, Historian. ( Voyage of Nearchus) i739- .1815 
 
 Vincent Ferrier. Spanish Dominican; Missionary i357- .1410 
 
 Vincent de Paul, St. Founder of Sisters of Charitv. 
 
 Life by Capefigue, 1827; Abelly, 1839; Collet, tr. 1846 1576. .1660 
 Vlncentius Lirinensis. French Priest. ( Coinmunitorium) fl. 5th c. 
 Vinci, Leonardo da. Italian Painter. Life by Amaretti ; 
 
 J. W. Brown, 1828 1452. .1519? 
 
 Vinci, Leonardo da. Italian Musical Composer 1690. .1732^' 
 
 Vineis, Petrus de. See Vigne, Peter delle — . .1249 
 
 Viner, Charles. Founder of Vinerian Professorship .... 1680. .1756 
 Vines, Rev. Richard. Presbyterian Divine and Preacher — . .1655 
 Vinet, Alexander Rodolphe, of Lausanne. Divine. ( Vi- 
 tal ChrislianHy.) Life by E. Scherer, 1853 i797- • 1847 
 
 Vinet, Elias. French Mathematician and Antiquary' I5i9'.i587 
 
 Vinkenbooms, or Vinkoboon, David. Dutch Painter. . 1578. .1629 
 
 Vinnen, or Vinnius, Arnold. Dutch Jurist 1588. .1657 
 
 Vinton, Mrs. Calesta Holman. American Missionary. . . 1809. . 1864 
 
 Vinton, Justus Hatch. American Missionary 1806. .1S58 
 
 Viot, Mary Anne Henrietta Payan de I'Estang. Fr. Writ. 1746. .1802 
 
 Viotti, John Baptist. Italian "Violinist , i755 • • 1824 
 
 Viret, Peter. Swiss Protestant Divine 151 1. .1571 
 
 Virey, Julian Joseph. French Writer on Medicine and 
 
 Natural History 1775 . . 1846 
 
 Virgil. (Publius Virgilius Maro.) Roman Poet. Life 
 
 by Dean Chetwood; Warton, 1753 7° -19 ^-C- 
 
 Virgilius. Bishop of Saltzburg — . . 784 
 
 Viriathus. Lusitanian Chief — B.c.140 
 
 Visconti, Azzo. Lord of Milan 1302. .1339 
 
 Visconti, Ennius Quirinus. Antiqnarv i75i- .1818 
 
 Visconti, Galeas. Lord of Milan (1322-28) 1277. . 1328 
 
 Visconti, John, brother. Archbishop. Lord of Milan . . —..1354 
 Visconti, John Baptist Anthony. Italian Antiquary ... 1722. . 1784 
 
 Visconti, Louis Joachim Tullius. Architect 179I; -i^SS 
 
 Visconti, Luchino. Lord of Milan 1287''. 1349 
 
 Visconti, Matthew. The Grent. Lord of Milan 1250. . 1322 
 
 Visconti, Philip Aurelius. Antiquary — . . 1831 
 
 Visin, or Von Visin, Denis Ivanovitch. Russian Writer 1745. .1792 
 
 Vitalianus. Pope (657-72) — .. 672' 
 
 Vitalls. Eric S/obevf/. Swedish Poet 1 794 • • 1828 
 
 Vitalis, Orderic'us. Historian 1075. aft. 1 143 
 
 Vite, John della. Mid. Flemish Painter 1599. .1664 
 
 Vite, Timothv della, of Urbiiio. Painter 1470''. 1524? 
 
 Vitellius. Roman Emperor (69, Jan. 2-Dec. 22) 15 . . 69 
 
 J 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 415 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Vitellius, Cornelius. Italian Teacher of Greek at Oxford fl. 1488 
 
 Vitello, or Vitellio. Polish Mathematician fl. 1254? 
 
 Viton de Saint- Allais, Nicholas. French Genealogist. 
 
 {Dictionnnire de la Noblesse de France) I773> • 1842 
 
 Vitringa, Campegius. Dutch Protestant Theologian. 
 
 ( On Isaiah) 1659. .1722 
 
 Vitringa, Campegius, son. {Summary of Nat. Theology) 1693. .1723 
 Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus, Roman Architectural Writer fl. B.C. 27 
 
 Vitry, James de. Historian — . .1244 
 
 Vittoria Colonna. Scholar. Life hy J. S. Harford, 1827 1490 . . 1 547 
 
 Vittorino da Feltre. Italian Preceptor i379- • — 
 
 Vivaldi, Anthony. Italian Violinist and Composer — ••i743 
 
 Vivares, Francis. French Engraver 1709. .1780 
 
 Vives, John Louis. Spanish Scholar and Writer 1492. -1540 
 
 Vivian, Richard Hussey, Lord. Gen. under Wellington 1775. .1842 
 
 Viviani, Vincent. Italian Mathematician 1622. .1703 
 
 Vivien, Joseph. French Painter 1657 . .1734 
 
 Vlacq, Adrian. Dutch Mathematician and Printer fl. 1630 
 
 Vladimir. The Great. Grand Duke of Russia — . . 1015 
 
 Vladimir Monomachos. Grand Duke of Kiev 1053. .1126 
 
 Vladislas, or Wladislas. See Ladislaus. 
 
 Voeroesmarty, Michael. Hungarian Poet and Writer. . 1800. . 1856 
 
 Voet, Daniel. Philosopher. ( Meletemata) 1629 . . 1660 
 
 Voet, or Voetius, Gisbert. Dutch Theol. (Dissert. Theol.) 1589. . 1677 
 
 Voet, John. Jurist at Leyden. ( On the Pandects) 1647. .1714 
 
 Voet, Paul. Jurist at Utrecht. [Theologia Naturalis). . 1619..1667 
 Voet, Paul Eusebius. Physician and Poet at the Hague — . .1778 
 Vogel, Dr. Edward. German Traveler in Africa ; murdered 1829. . 1856 
 Vogel, Theodore. Botanist of the Niger Expedition. ... — . . 1841 
 Vogler, George Joseph. Abb<5. Mus. Comp. and Writer 1749. . 1814 
 Vogler, Valentine Henry, of Helmstadt. Medical Writer 1622. . 1677 
 Voigt, Godfrey. Lutheran Divine. {Altars ofPnmilive 
 
 Christians) 1644 • • 1682 
 
 Voisenon, Claude Henry de Fusde du. Dram, and Poet 1708. .1775 
 
 voisin, Daniel Francis. Chancellor of France 1656. .1718 
 
 Voisin, Joseph de. French Theologian and Hebraist. . . 1610?. 1685 
 Voiture, Vincent. French Poet and Writer. {Letters). . 1598. . 1648 
 
 Volanus, Andreas. Polish Protestant Writer 1530- • 1610 
 
 Voider, Burchel de. Dutch Philos. and Mathematician. 1643. .1709 
 
 Volkelius, John. Socinian. ( De Vera Religione) fl. 17th c. 
 
 VolkoflF, Theodore Gregorievitch. Russian Dramatist . . 1729. .1763 
 
 Vohnar, Isaac. German Statesman and Writer — . . 1662 
 
 Volney, Constantine Francis Chasseboeuf, Count de. 
 
 French Traveler and Writer I757- • 1820 
 
 Volpato, John. Italian Engraver f^72)3- .1802 
 
 Volpi, John Anthony. Italian Latin Poet 1 5 14. . 1588 
 
 Volta, Alexander. Italian Physicist 1745 • • ^°^^ 
 
 Voltaire (anagram of Arouet, I. /., i. e., Arouet, jun.), 
 Francis Mary Arouet de. Life' bv Condorcet, 1789 ; O. 
 Goldsmith; F. H. Standish, 1804;* Mazure, 1821; Long- 
 champ and Wagniere, 1826; Francis Espinasse, 1864 1694.. 1778 
 
 Volterra, Daniel di. Ricciarelli. Italian Painter 1509 .. 1566 
 
 Volterrano. See Franceschini. Painter 1621 . . 1689 
 
 Volusenus, Florentius. Florence Wilson. Scottish Poet 
 
 and Scholar in France 1500?. 1547 
 
416 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Von der Hardt, Herman. Orientalist and Biblical 
 
 Commentator 1660. .1746 
 
 Vondel, Justus van den. Dutch Poet. L. by Camper, 1818 1587. .1659 
 Voronikhin, Andrew Nikophorovitch. Kuss. Architect 1760. .1814 
 Vorontzoff. See Woronzoff. 
 
 Vorosmarty, Michael. Hungarian Poet and Writer 1800. . 1856 
 
 Vorstius, Adolphus. Physician and Botanist at Leyden 1597. .1663 
 Vorstius, JElius Everard. Physician and Naturalist at 
 
 Leyden " 1565. .1624 
 
 Vorstius, Conrad. Vondem Voorst. German Divine . . . 1569. .1622 
 
 Vos, Martin van, of Antwerp. Painter 1531'. 1603 
 
 Vos, Paul. Dutch Painter of Animals and Birds 1600?. 1654 
 
 Vos, Simon van, of Antwerp. Painter 1603. . 1670? 
 
 Voss, John Henry. German Philologist, Poet, and Mis- 
 cellaneous Writer. L. by Paulus, 1826; Schmid, 1835 1751..1826 
 
 Vossius, Dionysius. Orientalist 1606. . 1633 
 
 Vossius, Gerard. Editor of Greek Fathers — . . 1609 
 
 Vossius, Gerard. Editor of Velleius Paterculus — . .1650 
 
 Vossius, Gerard John. Philologist. Professor at Leyden. 
 
 Life by Colomies i577- -1649 
 
 Vossius, Isaac, son. Canon of Windsor. Philologist . . 1618. .1688 
 
 Vossius, Matthew, brother. (Annals of Holland) — . . 1646 
 
 Vosterman, John. Dutch Painter in England 1643. • 1699 
 
 Vouet, Simon. French Painter 1582. . 1641 
 
 Vries, John Fredeman van. Architectural Painter. . . . 1527.aft.1604 
 
 Vries, Martin Gerritzoon van. Dutch Navigator fl. 1643 
 
 Vrolik, William. Dutch Medical Writer 1801?. 1863 
 
 Vulpius, Christian Augustus. German Writer 1762. .1827 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 417 
 
 w. 
 
 BOEN. DIED. 
 
 Waal, or Wael, Luke van. Painter 1591 • • 1676 
 
 Wace, Robert. Anglo-Norman Poet. {LeBrut; Roman 
 
 de Rou) 11I2?. 1184? 
 
 Wachler, John Frederick Louis. Ger. Literary Historian 1767. .1838 
 Wachter, John George. Ger. Scholar and Archaeologist 1673. .1757 
 
 "Waddell, James, d. d. American Clergyman I739- • 1805 
 
 ■Wadham, Nicholas. Founder of College at Oxford — ..1610' 
 
 "Wading, or Wadding, Luke. Irish Cordelier at Rome. 
 
 {Annales Ordinis Mincrrum) 1588 . . 1657 
 
 Trading, Peter. Irish Jesuit; Latin Poet and Writer. . . 1580. .1644 
 "Wadington, Wm. of. Eng. Writer in French. {Manuel) fl. 1300'' 
 ■Wadstrom, or Wadstroem, Charles Bernard. Swedish 
 
 Traveler and Philanthropist 1746. • i799 
 
 "Wadsworth, James. American Philanthropist 1768. . 1844 
 
 "Wadsworth, James Samuel. American General 1807. ,1864 
 
 "Wadsworth, Thos. Nonconf. {Immortality of the Sovl) 16^0. .1676 
 ■Waechter, John George. Ger. Scholar and Archaeologist 1673.. 1757 
 
 "Wael, or Waal, Cornelius van. Battle Painter i594- .1662 
 
 "Wael, or Waal, Luke van, brother. Painter 1591 • • 1676 
 
 "Wafer, Lionel. English Voyager and Adventurer fl. 1690 
 
 "Waga, Theodore. Polish Historian 1 739 . . 1801 
 
 "Wageman, Thomas Charles. Portrait Painter 1787?. 1863 
 
 "Wagenaar, John. Dutch Historian 1709- -1773 
 
 "Wagenseil, George Christopher. Harpischord Composer 1688. .1779 
 "Wagenseil, John Christopher. Ger. Scholar and Polemic 1633 . .1705 
 
 "Wager, Sir Charles. Admiral 1666 . .1743 
 
 "Waghorn, Thos., Lt. R. N. Originator of Overland Route 1800. .1850 
 "Wagner, John Jas., of Zurich. {Hist. Naturalis Helvetice) 1641 . . 1695 
 
 "Wagner, Rudolph. Writer on Natural Historj'- 1814?. 1864 
 
 "WagstaflF, Thomas. Nonjuring Bishop 1645 . .1712 
 
 "WagstaflF, William. Physician and Humorous Writer. . 1685. .1725 
 
 "Wahlenberg, George, (merman Botanist 1784. . 1814 
 
 "WaUly, Charles de. French Architect 1729. .1798 
 
 "Wailly, Noel Francis de. French Grammarian 1724. . 1801 
 
 "Wailly, Stephen Augustin de, son 1770. . 1821 
 
 "Wainwright, Jonathan Mayhew, d. d. Protestant Epis- 
 copal Bishop of New York ; Writer 1792. . 1854 
 
 "Waithman, Robert, m. p. Alderman ; Popular Champion 1765 . . 1833 
 "Wake, Sir Isaac. Political Writer. {Rex Platonicus) . . . 1575^. 1632 
 "Wake, William. Archbishop of Canterbury (1716-37). . 1657. .1737 
 "Wakefield, Edward. Polit. Econ. {Account 0/ Ireland) 1768K 18^4 
 
 "Wakefield, Edward Gibbon. Political Economist 1796?. 1862 
 
 "Wakefield, Rev. Gilbert. Scholar. {Memoirs) 1756. . 1801 
 
 . "Wakefield, Mrs. Priscilla. Writer of Juvenile Works. . 1750. .1832 
 "Wakefield, Robt. Heb. Prof, at Oxford. { On Ecclesiastes) — ..i537 
 
 "Wakley, Thomas. Coroner; Editor of the Lancet 1795?. 1862 
 
 "Walaeus, Anthony. Dutch Protestant Divine i573- -1639 
 
 "Walseus, John. Dutch Anatomist 1604 . . 1649 
 
 "Walafridus. Strabo. Ger. Monk ; Div. & Poet. {Hortulus) 807.. 849? 
 "Walbaum, John Julius. German Physician & Naturalist 1724. .1799 
 
 WaJch, Christian William Francis. Divine 1726. .1784 
 
 27 
 
418 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Walch, John Ernest Emanuel. Divine and Naturalist. . . 1725 . .1778 
 "Waleh, John George. German Divine and Scholar .... 1693. -^775 
 "Walckenaer, Charles Athanasius, Baron. French Savant 
 
 and Author 'i^lT^- .1852 
 
 l^^alckenaer, Louis Caspar, and John. /See Valckenaer. 
 "Waldeck, Christian Augustus, Prince of. Austrian Gen. 1744. .1798 
 "Waldegrave, James, 2d Earl of. Statesman. (jlfewiozVs) 1715. .1763 
 "Waldemar I. King of Denmark (1157-81?). The. Great 1 131. .1181 
 
 ■Waldemar II. (1202-41.) The Victm-ious 11 70. .1241 
 
 'Waldemar III., or IV. (1326-73) — . .1375 
 
 "Waldensis, Thomas. Netter. Eng. Carmelite; Statesman 1367?. 1430 
 
 "Waldis, Burchard. German Fabulist — - .1554 
 
 Waldo, Daniel. American Clergyman 1762. . 1864 
 
 "Waldo, or Valdo, Peter, of Lyons. Reformer — ••ii79 
 
 "Waldstein. See Wallenstein 1583. . 1634 
 
 "Wale, Samuel. Painter and Designer '. — ..1786 
 
 "Wales, William. Mathematician and Astronomer 1734?. 1798 
 
 "Walker, Adam. Astronomical Lecturer and Writer 1731 • • 1821 
 
 "Walker, Clement. {History of Independency) 1599?. 1651 
 
 "Walker, Sir Edward. Garter King - at - Arms. {Iter 
 
 Carolmum) 1610?, 1677 
 
 "Walker, George. Puritan Divine 1581 . . 1651 
 
 "Walker, George. Defender and Bishop of Derry — . . 1690 
 
 "Walker, George, f. r. s. Dissenting Divine and Mathem. 1734''. 1807 
 "Walker, George Washington, of Hobart Town. Quaker 
 
 Minister. Life by Backhouse and Taylor, 1862 1800. .1859 
 
 "Walker, Rev. John, of Exeter. ( Su;^erin(js of the Clergy) — . . 1 730? 
 
 "Walker, John. ( Critical Pronouncing Dictionary) 1732. . 1807 
 
 "Walker, John, m. d. ( Gazetteer) i759- • 1830 
 
 "Walker, Joseph Cooper. Irish Writer. {Irish Bards) . . 1766''. 1810 
 "Walker, Rev. Obadiah. Roman Catholic Master of Uni- 
 versity College, Oxford 1616 . . 1699 
 
 "Walker, Robert. Portrait Painter — . . 1660? 
 
 "Walker, Rev. Samuel, of Truro. Divine. Life by Sidney 17 14. .1761 
 "Walker, Sears Cook. Amer. Mathematician and Astron. 1805 . . 1853 
 
 "Walker, Thomas. Actor and Dramatist 1698 . . 1 743 
 
 "Walker, Thos. Magistrate & Humorist. ( The Original) 1784. .1836 
 "Walker, Rev. William. Writer on Grammar & Rhetoric 1623. .1684 
 
 "Walker, William. American Adventurer 1824. . i860 
 
 "Walker, William Sydney. Poet. L. by J. Moultrie, 1852 i795- • — 
 
 "Wall, John, m. d., of Worcester. Physician 1708. .1776 
 
 "Wall, Martin, m. d. Professor at Oxford 1 744 . . 1824 
 
 ■Wall, William, d. d. {Infant Baptism) 1646. .1728 
 
 "Wallace, Horace Binney. American Author 1817. . 1852 
 
 "Wallace, Sir William. Scottish Patriot and Soldier. Life 
 
 by Carrick; J. S. Watson, 1862 1270?. 1305 
 
 ■Wallace, William. Prof, of Mathematics at Edinburgh 1768. .1843 
 "Wallace, William Harvey Lamb. American General . . 1810, . 1862 
 
 "Wallace, William Vincent. Musical Composer 1815?. 1865 
 
 "Wallack, James William. English Actor in America. . . 1795 . . ^^4 
 "Wallenstein, Albert Wenzel Eusebius von. Count. Im- 
 
 rrial General against Gustavus Adolphus. Life by 
 Forster, 1834; Colonel Mitchel, 1839 1583- -1634 
 
 "Waller, Edmund. Poet 1605. .1687^ 
 
 "Waller, Rev. John Lightfoot, ll. d. American Editor . . 1809 . . 1854 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 419 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Waller, Sir William. Parliamentarian General i597- • 1668 
 
 "WaUerius, John Gottschalk. Swedish Chem. & Mineral. 1709. .1785 
 "Wallerius, Nicholas. Swedish Philosopher and Divine 1706. .1764 
 
 "Wallich, Nathaniel, m. d. Botanist 1786. . 1854 
 
 ■WaUin, John Olof. Swedish Poet and Preacher i779- • 1839 
 
 "Wallis, John. Divine, Mathematician, and Decipherer 1616..1703 
 
 "Wallis, Joshua. Landscape Painter 1789''. 1862 
 
 "Wallis, Samuel. Navigator — . .1795 
 
 ■Wallius, James, of Courtrai. Jesuit; Latin Poet i599- .1680'' 
 
 "Walmesley, Charles, d. d. Rom. Cath. Div. & Mathem. 1721 . . 1797 
 "Walpole, Horace, 4th Earl of Orford, youngest son of Sir 
 
 Robert. {Noble Authors.) Life by Coxe; Macaulay 171 7.. 1797 
 ■Walpole, Horatio, Lord. Diplom. ; Hist, and Polit. Writer 1678 . . 1 757 
 "Walpole, Sir Robert, brother. Premier. Life by Coxe 1676. .1745 
 "Walsh, Edward, M. D. Army Physician & PoeticarWriter — ..1832 
 
 "Walsh, John, of Cork. Writer on Mathematics 1786. . 1847 
 
 "Walsh, Peter. Irish Roman Catholic Controversialist . . 1610. .1687 
 
 "Walsh, Robert. American Author and Journalist 1784. .1858 
 
 ■Walsh, William. Critic and Poet 1663?. 1708 
 
 ■Walsinghain, Sir Francis. Secretary of State 1536- -1590 
 
 "Walsingham, Thomas. Historian fl. ab. 1440 
 
 "Walstein. See Wallenstein 1583 . . 1634 
 
 "Walter, Hubert. Archbishopof Canterbury (1193-1205) —..1205 
 
 ^ATalter, Rev. Henry. ( History of England) 1 785 . . 1859 
 
 "Walter, John. Logographic Printer. Originator of 7V»ies 1739. .1812 
 "Walter, John, son. Proprietor and Manager of the Times 1784. . 1847 
 
 Walter, John Theophilus. German Anatomist i739- • 1818 
 
 "Walters, John. Welsh Divine and Lexicographer — . .1797 
 
 ■Waltham, John of. Bishop of Salisbury ; Treasurer to 
 
 Richard II — . , 1395 
 
 "Waltham, Roger of. Schoolman fl. tl. Hen. III. 
 
 Waltheof. Son of Siward, Earl of Northumberland. ... — . . 1075 
 "Walther, Augustine Frederick. Anat. & Bot. at Leyden 1688. .1746 
 "Walther, Balthasar. Waltherus, or Gualtei^s. Orientalist — . . 1640 
 
 "Walther, Bernard, of Nuremberg. Astronomer 1430- -1504 
 
 Walther, Christian. German Divine & Corrector of Press — •1572' 
 
 "Walther, Christian. German Divine at Konigsberg 1655 . . 1717 
 
 Walther, Christopher Theodosius. Miss, to Tranquebar 1699. .1741 
 
 "Walther, George Christopher. German Jurist 1601 . . 1656 
 
 "Walther, Henry Andrew. German Protestant Theologian 1696. 1748 
 
 "Walther, John Godfrey. {Musical Lexicon) 1684. . 174^ 
 
 "Walther, John Ludolph. {Lexicon Diplomaticum) fl. i8th c. 
 
 "Walther, Michael. Professor at Helmstadt. {Harmonia 
 
 Biblica) 1 593 . . 1662 
 
 W"alther, Rodolphus. Gualterus. Swiss Protestant Theol. 1 5 19 - . 1586 
 "Walther von der "Vogelweide. German Minnesinger 1 170?. 1228? 
 "Walton, Brian. Bp. Chester. {Polyglot.) L. by Todd, 1821 1600.. 1661 
 
 Walton, George. American Patriot 1740''. j 804 
 
 "Walton, Izaak. ( Complete Angler.) Life by Sir J. Haw- 
 kins, 1760; Dr. Zouch, 1816; Sir H. Nicolas, 1836; 
 
 W. Dowling 1593- -168^ 
 
 "Wanley, Humphrey. Antiquary 1672. .1720 
 
 Wanley, Rev. Nathaniel. ( Wonders of the Little World) 1633. .1680 
 
 "Wansleben, John Michael. Orientalist 1635 . . 1679 
 
 Warbeck, Perkin. Pretender to the Crown of England — . . 1499 
 
420 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Warburton, Eliot Bartholomew George. Author. ( Cres- 
 cent and Cross) 1810. . 1852 
 
 "Warburton, John. Heraldic Writer and Antiquarj\ 
 
 ( Vallum Romanum) 1682. .1759 
 
 "Warburton, William. Bishop of Gloucester. {Divine 
 
 Legation.) Life by Hurd, 1795; J. S. Watson 1698. .1779 
 
 "Ward, Artemas. American Revolutionary General 1727. .1800 
 
 "Ward, Edward. Burlesque Poet. {London Spy) 1667. .1731 
 
 "Ward, Sir Henry George. Minister to Mexico. Governor 
 
 of the Ionian Islands and Ceylon 1798?. i860 
 
 "Ward, James, R. A. Painter 1770 . . 1859 
 
 "Ward, James Harman. American Naval Officer 1806. .1861 
 
 "Ward, John. ll. d. Writer. {Lives of Gresham Profess- 
 ors.) Life by Thomas Birch, 1766 1679. .1758 
 
 "Ward, Rev. Nathaniel. {Simple Cobbler of Ayawnm). . . 1570''. 1653 
 "Ward, Robert Plumer. Novelist, Hist. Writer, and Publi- 
 cist. ( Tremaine ; Diary.) L. by Edmund Phipps, 1850 1765 . . 1846 
 "Ward, Samuel, D. D. Margaret Professor. Theologian — ..1643 
 Ward, Seth. Bishop of Salisbury. Mathematician and 
 
 Astronomer. Life by Dr. Walter Pope, 1697 161 7. . 1689 
 
 "Ward, Thomas. Roman Catholic Poet. {England's Ref- 
 ormation) — . . 1689? 
 
 "Ward, William. Missionary in India ; Author. Life by 
 
 Marshman, 1863 1769. .1823 
 
 "Wardlaw, Elizabeth, Lady. Poet. {Hardyhnute) 1677.. 1727 
 
 "Wardlaw, Henry. Bishop of St. Andrew's — , . 1440 
 
 "Wardlaw, Ralph, d. d. Div. L. by Dr. W. L. Alexander 1 779 . . 1853 
 
 "Ware, Henry, d. d. American Divine 1764. . 1845 
 
 "Ware, Henry, Jr., d. d., son. Divine and Author. Life 
 
 by Dr. John Ware, 1846 1794. .1843 
 
 "Ware, Sir James. Irish Antiquary 1 594 . . 1666 
 
 "Ware, James. Oculist 1755. .1815 
 
 "Ware, Robert. Controversial Writer — . . 1696 
 
 "Ware, Rev. WilHam. Author. {Zenobia) 1797- .1852 
 
 "Wargentin, Peter William. Swedish Mathematician . . 1717. .1783 
 "Warham, William. Archbishop of Canterbury (1504-32) —..1532 
 
 "Warin, John. Flemish Sculptor and Engraver 1604. . 1672 
 
 "Waring, Edward, M. d. Mathematician 1 736 . . 1 798 
 
 "Warneford, Rev. Samuel Wilson. Founder & Benefactor 1758. . 1855 
 "Warner, Rev. Ferdinando, ll. d. Compiler and Writer 1703. .1768 
 
 "Warner, John. Bishop of Rochester. Founder 1585?. 1666 
 
 "Warner, Rev. John. Divine and Writer. {Metronariston) 1736. . 1800 
 
 "Warner, Joseph. Surgeon i7i7- • 1801 
 
 Warner, Richard. Botanist. {Plantce Woodfordienses) 1711. .177^ 
 
 Warner, William. Poet. {Albion's England) 1558?. 1609 
 
 "Warren, Charles. Engraver — . .1823 
 
 "Warren, James. American Revolutionary Patriot 1726. . 1808 
 
 "Warren, John, m. d. American Physician i753- • 181 5 
 
 Warren, Sir John Borlase. Admiral and Plenipotentiary 1754. . 1822 
 "Warren, John Collins, m. d. Physician and Writer. Life 
 
 by Dr. Edward Warren, 1859 1778. . 1856 
 
 Warren, Joseph. American Revolutionary Patriot. Life 
 
 by A. H. Everett 1741 • -1775 
 
 Warren, Mrs. Mercy. American Authoress. {History of 
 
 the American Revolution) 1728. . 181 
 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 421 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Warren, Sir Peter. Admiral 1703. . 1752 
 
 Warrington, Lewis. American Naval Officer 1782. , 185 1 
 
 "Warton, Ann. Poetess — . . 1685 
 
 Warton, Sir George. Astrologer and Loyalist 1617. . 1681 
 
 Warton, Joseph, d. d. Master of Winchester. Poet and 
 
 Critic. Editor of Pope. Life by Rev. John Wooll, 1806 1722. . 1800 
 Warton, Thomas. Prof, of Poetry at Oxford (1718-28) . . 1687 . . i745 
 Warton, Thomas, son. IPoet & Critic. Professor of Poetry 
 
 (1756-66). {Hist.of English Poetry.) L. by Mant, 1802 1728. .1790 
 Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of. {Last of the 
 
 Plantagenets. ) Beheaded by Henry VII — . . 1499 
 
 Warwick, Henry de Beauchanip, 13th Earl and 1st Duke 
 
 of, K. G. King of Isle of Wight, Jersey, and Guernsey — . . 1444 
 Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of, Duke of Northumber- 
 land. Beheaded 1502.. 1553 
 
 Warwick, Sir Philip. Political Writer and Historian , . 1608. .1683 
 Warwick, Richard de Beauchamp, Twelfth Earl of, k. g. 
 
 The Good. Regent of France ; died at Rouen — . . 1439 
 
 Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of. King Maker. Fell- 
 
 at Barnet 1420?. 1471 
 
 Waser, Anna. Swiss Miniature Painter 1679. .1713 
 
 WasMngton, Bushrod. American Jurist i759> • 1829 
 
 Washington, George. First President of the United 
 States. Life by Marshall, 1805 (revised and abridged, 
 1832); D. Ramsay, 1807; Jared Sparks, 1839 ; Wash- 
 ington Irving; 1859; C W.Upham, 1851; Dr. Aaron 
 Bancroft; James K. Paulding; J. T. Headley; Mrs. 
 
 C. M. Kirkland ; Edward Everett 1732. .1799 
 
 Washington, William Augustine. American Revolu- 
 tionary Officer 1752. . 1810 
 
 Wasse, Christopher. English Greek Scholar and Transl. — ..1690 
 
 Watelet, Claude Henry. French Writer 1718. .1786 
 
 Waterhouse, Benjamin, m. d. Amer. Phys. and Author 1754. .1846 
 Waterhouse, Edward. Heraldic & Miscellaneous Writer 1619. . 1670 
 Waterland, Daniel, D. D. Theologian. L. by Van Mildert 1683. .1740 
 
 Waterloo, Anthony. Dutch Landscape Painter 1618''. 1682 
 
 Waterton, Charles!^ Naturalist & Traveler. {Wanderings) 1782.. 1865 
 "Watkinson, David. Amer. Merchant and Philanthropist 1778. . 1857 
 
 Wats, Gilbert. Divine and Translator 1600. . 1657 
 
 Watson, Caroline. Engraver 1760'' . 1814 
 
 Watson, Charles. Vice-Admiral. Coadjutor of Clive . . 1714. .1757 
 Watson, David. Translator of Horace. {Heathen Gods) 1710. .1756 
 Watson, Elkanah. American Merchant and Agricul- 
 turist. Life by self 1758. . 1842 
 
 Watson, Henry. Colonel. Mathematician and Engineer 1735 • -17^6 
 
 Watson, Henry. Anatomist 1702'''. 1793 
 
 Watson, John. Bishop of Winchester 1520? . 1584 
 
 Watson, Rev. John. {History of Halifax) 1724. .1783 
 
 Watson, John Fanning. Amer. Antiquary and Annalist 1780. .i860 
 Watson, Richard. Bishop of LlandafF. Natural Philos- 
 opher and Theologian. {Apology for Bible.) Life by 
 
 self and son, 1817 1737. .1816 
 
 Watson, Richard. Clerg.yman and Author. Life by T. 
 
 Jackson 1781. .1833 
 
 Watson, Dr. Robert. Historian. {Philip 11. and III.) 1730?. 1781? 
 
422 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BOBN. DIKO. 
 
 Watson, Thomas. Ejected Nonconformist Divine. {Body 
 
 of Divinity) — . . 1690' 
 
 Watson, William. Secular Priest ; hanged. ( Decacordon) — . . 1603 
 
 Watson, Sir William. Botanist and Electrician 1715 . . 1787 
 
 Watson, William R. American Politician and Writer. . 1799. . 1864 
 
 Watt, Gregory. Geologist 1777- .1804 
 
 Watt, James. Scottish Mechanician, Engineer, and In- 
 ventor; Improver of the Steam Engine. Life by G. 
 
 Williamson, 1856 ; J. P. Muirhead, 1858 1736. . 1819 
 
 Watt, James, son. Mechanical Engineer 1769. . 1848 
 
 Watt, Robert, M. D. Bibliog. {Bibliotheca Britannica) J774. .iSig 
 
 Watteau, Anthony. French Painter 1684. . 1721 
 
 Wattier-Ziesenis, Madame. Dutch Tragic Actress ... 1762. .1827 
 
 Watts, Alaric Alexander. Writer 1799- .1864 
 
 Watts, Isaac, D. D. Divine and Poet. (Hytnns.) Life by 
 
 Samuel Palmer, 1785 ; Thomas Gibbons ; Dr. Johnson ; 
 
 Robert Southey 1674. •1-748 
 
 Wayland, Rev. Francis, d. d. Amer. Educator & Author 1796. . 1865 
 Wayne, Anthony. American Revolutionary General. 
 
 Life by Armstrong ' 1745 • -^79^ 
 
 Wayneflete, William of. Bishop of Winchester and Lord 
 
 . Chancellor. Life by R. Chandler, 1811 — . .i486 
 
 Weale, John. London Publisher and Editor 1792. .1862 
 
 Weaver, or Weever, John. Antiq. {Funeral Monuments) 1^76. .1632 
 
 Weaver, Thomas. Geologist — . . 185s 
 
 Webb, Daniel. ( Beauties of Poetry) — . . 1 798 
 
 Webb, Philip Barker. Scholar and Botanist — . . 1854 
 
 Webb, Philip Carteret. Antiquary 1 700 . . 1 770 
 
 Webbe, Samuel. Musical Composer. {Gloi-ious Apollo) 1740. .1817 
 
 Webber, Charles Wilkins. American Author 1819. . 1856 
 
 Webber, John. Draughtsman. Companion of Cook. . 175 1. .1793 
 Webber, Samuel. Amer. Educator; Pres. of Harv. Coll. 1759. .1810 
 Weber, Charles Maria Frederick Ernest, Baron von. 
 
 German Composer. Life by Herr von Weber, 1864. . 1786. .1826 
 Weber, Henry William, of Edinburgh. Archajological 
 
 & Miscel. Writer. {Floddtn Field; Metrical Eumances) 1783.. 1813 
 
 Webster, Daniel. American Statesman and Jurist 1782. . 1852 
 
 Webster, Ebenezer. American Patriot i739- • 1806 
 
 Webster, Ezekiel, son. American Lawyer 1780. . 1829 
 
 Webster, John. Dramatic Poet. {Duchtssof Mnlfy) . . 17th c. 
 Webster, Noah, ll. d. American Philologist and Writer. 
 
 {Dictionary.) Life by C A. Goodrich 1758. . 1843 
 
 Webster, William. Mathematician. {Ai'ithmetic) 1684''. 1744 
 
 Webster, William. Polemical Writer 1689. .1758 
 
 Wechel, Andrew. French Printer at Basle 1510-'. 1581 
 
 Wechel, Christian. French Printer —aft. 1552 
 
 Wedderburn, Alexander, Earl of Rosslyn. Jurist and 
 
 Statesman ; Lord Chancellor '733- • 1805 
 
 Wedel, Ernest Henry. Phys. {De Mortis Concionatorum) 1671 . .1709 
 Wedel, George VVoltgang. Ger. Med. Writer and Astrol. 1645 . .1721 
 
 Wedel, John Adolphus, brother. Medical Writer 1675.aft.1746 
 
 Wedel, Dr. John Wolfgang, of Jena. Botanist 1708-. .1757 
 
 Wedgwood, Josiah. Potter. Life bv Mcteyard; Jewitt 1730. .1795 
 
 Weems, Rev. Mason L. American Writer .* — . . 1825 
 
 Weeninx, John. Dutch Painter. The Young 1644. .1719 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 423 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Weeninx, or Weenix, John Bapt. Dutch Paint. The Old 1621 . . 1660 
 Weever, or Weaver, John. Antiq. ( Funeral Monuments) 1 5 76 . . 1632 
 "Wegscheider, Julius Augustus Louis. Ger. Theologian 1771 . . 1849 
 "Weidler, John Frederick. Ger. Mathem. and Astronomer 1691 . . i755 
 'Weigel, Christian Ehrenfried. Ger. Phys., Chem., Bot. 11. 1772 
 Weigel, Ehrard. German Mathematician and Astronomer 1625 . . 1699 
 
 "Weigel, Valentine. German Mystic i533- -1588 
 
 "Weimar, Anne Amelia, Duchess of i739- • i^o7 
 
 Weinbrenner, Frederick. German Architect 1766. . 1826 
 
 "Weishaupt, Adam. Founder of the Illuminati 1748. . 1830 
 
 "Weisse, Christian Ernest. German Jurist 1766. .1832 
 
 Weisse, Christian Felix. German Poet and Dramatist. 
 
 ( Children's Friend) 1726. . 1804 
 
 Welby, Amelia B. American Poetess 1821 . . 185a 
 
 Welby, Henry. Recluse — . . 1636 
 
 "WelchmaJi, Edward. Archdeacon. {^Thirty-nine Articles) 1665.. 1739 
 
 "Weld, Thomas. Cardinal 1773. .1837 
 
 Weldon, John. Composer of Cathedral Music 1670?. 1736 
 
 "Wellbeloved, Rev. Charles. Antiquary. (£'6MracMra). . 1769. .1858 
 "Wellens, James Thomas Joseph. Bishop of Antwerp. 
 
 Scholar and Divine 1726. .1784 
 
 "Weller, James. Theol. and Orientalist at Wittemberg 1602.. 1664 
 "Weller, Jerome. Biblical Commentatdr ; Friend of Luther 1499. .1572 
 Wellesley, Richard Cowley, Marquess of. Statesman; 
 Commander in India and Governor-General. Life bv 
 
 R. R. Pearce, 1846 '. 1760. .1843 
 
 Wellington, Ai-thur Wellesley, brother, Duke of. Sol- 
 dier and Statesman. Life by W. H. Maxwell, 1839; 
 Macfarlane, 1851; Yonge; Brialmont, translated by 
 
 • Gleig; Lieutenant-Colonel Williams 1769. . 1853 
 
 "Wells, Rev. Edward. {^Bible Geography) — . . 1727 
 
 "Wells, Horace. American Dentist ; Claimant of the Dis- 
 covery of Anaesthesia 1815 . . 1848 
 
 Wells, William Charles. American Physician. {Experi- 
 mental Philosophy) I757- .1817 
 
 Wellwood, Sir Henry Moucrieff, d. d. Scottish Divine 1750. .1827 
 Wellwood, Thomas, m. d. {Memoirs ofEng., 1588-1688) 1652. . 1 716 
 Welsh, David, d. d. Professor at Edinburgh. Founder 
 
 of North British Review 1 794' . 1845 
 
 Welsted, Leonard. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer .... 1689. .1747 
 
 Wenceslaus, or Wenzel, St. Duke of Bohemia 908.. 936 
 
 "Wenceslaus, or Wenzel. Emperor of Germany and 
 
 King of Bohemia 1361 . . 1419 
 
 "Wendover, Roger de. Historian — . . 1237 
 
 "Wentworth, Benning. Governor of New Hampshire. . 1696. . 1770 
 
 Wentworth, John. American Patriot 1719- • 1781 
 
 "Wentworth, John. Eng. Lawyer. {System of Pleading) 1^6%. .1^16 
 "Wentworth, Sir John. Governor of New Hampshire, 
 
 and afterwards of Nova Scotia 1736. . 1820 
 
 Wentworth, Sir Thomas, Earl of Strafford. Thorough 1593. .1641 
 
 Wepfer, John James. German Medical Writer 1620. . 1695 
 
 Werden, The Meister von. Painter fl. 1643-90 
 
 Werder, Thierry von. Translator of Ariosto 1584. . 1657 
 
 Werdin, John Philip, or Paulin de St. Barth^lemi, q.v... 1748. .1806 
 Werdmuller, John Rodoljih. Swiss Painter 1639. . 166& 
 
424 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Werenfels, Peter. Theologian at Basle 1627. . 1703 
 
 "Werenfels, Samuel, son, of Basle. Theologian and 
 
 Scholar. {De Logomachiis Eruditoi'tim) 1657. .1740 
 
 "Werf, Adrian van der, of Rotterdam. Painter 1659. .1722 
 
 "Werf, Peter van der, brother. Historical Painter 1665 . .1718 
 
 "Wergeland, Henry Arnold. Norweg. Poet & Polit. Writ. 1808 .. 1845 
 "Werkmeister, Andrew. Ger. Mus. Comp. and Writer 1645.. 1706 
 
 "Werl, Olaf. Verelius. Swedish Antiquary 1618. . 1682 
 
 "Werner, Abraham Gottlob. Ger. Geol. and Mineralogist 1750. . 1817 
 "Werner, Frederick Louis Zacharias. Gennan Dramatist 1768. . 1823 
 Werner, John. Ger. Mathem. {Annotaiims on Ptolemy) 1468. .1528 
 
 "Werner, Joseph. Swiss Painter 1637. .1710 
 
 Werner, Paul de. Prussian General 1707 . . 1785 
 
 Wesenbeck, Matthew. Flemish Jurist in Germany 1531 . . 1586 
 
 "Wesley, Rev. Charles. {Hymns.) Life by Whitehead, 1793 1708. .1788 
 
 "Wesley, Charles, son. Musical Performer i757- • 1815 
 
 "Wesley, Rev. John. Founder of Methodism. Life bv 
 Hampson, 1791; J. A. Colet, 1791; Dr. Coke and li. 
 Moore, 1792; Richard Watson; Whitehead, 1796; R. 
 
 Southey, 1820; G. Smith. 1703. .1791 
 
 "Wesley, Rev. Samuel, of Epworth. Poetical Writer . . . 1662?. 1735 
 "Wesley, Rev. Sam., son. Mast, of Tiverton School. Poet 1692?. 1739 
 
 Wesley, Samuel. Sacred Mu^ic Composer 1766. .1837 
 
 Wessellnyi, Miklos, Baron. Hungarian Statesman i797- .1850 
 
 "Wesseling, Peter. German Philologist 1692. .1764 
 
 Wesselus, John, of Groningen. Divine and Philosopher 1419?. 1489 
 "Wessenberg, Ignatius Henrj^ Charles, Baron von. Ger- 
 man Roman Catholic Theologian i774- • i860 
 
 West, Benjamin. Historical Painter. Life by John Gait 1738. .1820 
 
 "West, Elizabeth. Scottish Mvstic. Life by self 1672'^ 1735 
 
 "West, Gilbert. Poet & Transl. ; Friend of Lord Lyttelton 1 705 ? . 1 756 
 
 "West, James, m. p., of Alscot. Antiquar}' — . .1772 
 
 "West, Mrs. Jane. Novelist, Poet, Misce'llaneous Writer 1759''. 1852 
 "West, Nathaniel, d. d. American Presbyterian Divine 1794. .1864 
 "West, Stephen, d. d. American CIerg3'man and Writer 1735. .1819 
 "West, Thomas. Topographical Writer. {Hisi.of Furness) I7i6,.i779 
 "Westall, Richard, b. A. Historical Painter and Illus- 
 trator of Books 1765 . . 1836 
 
 ^Westall, William, K. A., br. Designer for Engravings . . 1781 . . 1850 
 Westfleld, Thomas. Bp. of Bristol. Divine & Preacher — . . 1644 
 "Westmacott, Sir Richard, k. a. The Elder. Sculptor 1775 . . 1856 
 "Westmoreland, John Fane, Eleventh Earl of. General 
 
 and Diplomatist. Musician 1784- • 1859 
 
 "Westmoreland, Mildmay Fane, Second Earl of. Poet. 
 
 ( Olia Sacra) 1600'. 1665 
 
 "Weston, Elizabeth Jane. Scholar and Writer 1586 or 7.aft.i6o5 
 
 "Weston, Richard. Horticulturist 1732. . 1806 
 
 "Weston, Stephen. Classical Scholar and Orientalist. , . . 1747. .1830 
 
 "Weston, Thomas. Comic Actor — . . 1776 
 
 Weston, William. Rector of Camden. Divine — . .1760 
 
 "Wetherell, Sir Charles. Chancery Lawyer; Recorder 
 
 of Bristol 1770. .1846 
 
 "Wetherell, Sir Charles — . . 1864 
 
 "Wetstein, John Henry. Scholar and Printer 1649. .1726 
 
 "Wetstein, John James. Writer on Greek Testament. . . 1693. .1754 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 425 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Wetstein, John Rodolph, of Basle. Greek Scholar and 
 
 Theologian 1647. .1711 
 
 ^Wette, William Martin Leberecht de. See De Wette. . . 1780. . 1849 
 
 "Wewitzer, Ralph. Comic Actor 1748 . . 1824 
 
 "Weyde, Roger van der. Moger of Bruges. Painter 1455?. 1529 
 
 "Weyermans, Jacob Kampo. Dutch Fruit & Flower Paint. 1679.. 1747 
 Weyse, Christopher Ernest Frederick. Musical Composer 1774. .1842 
 
 ■Whalley, Edward. Regicide Judge — . . 1674? 
 
 Whalley, Rev. Peter. Divine and Critic 1722. .1791 
 
 "Wharton, Sir George. Loyalist and Astrologer 161 7. . 1681 
 
 "Wharton, Rev. Henry. Writer. {Anglia Sacra) 1664. . 1695 
 
 "Wharton, Philip, Duke of. Poet; described by Pope. . . 1698. .1731 
 
 "Wharton, Thomas, m. d. Anatomist 1610 . . 1673 
 
 ■Wharton, Tlios., Marquess of. Statesman. (Lillibulero) 1640^.171$ 
 "Whately, Richard. Archbishop of Dublin. (Zo^^'c) ... 1787. .1863 
 
 "Whately, Rev. William. Divine. ( Sermons) 1583 . . 1639 
 
 "Wheare, Degory. Historical Writer i573- • 1647 
 
 "Wheatley, Rev. Chas. ( On the Book of Common Prayer) 1686 . . 1 742 
 
 Wheatley, Francis, e. a. Painter i747- • 1801 
 
 "Wheatley, Phillis. Negro Poetess i753'' i794 
 
 "Wheaton, Henrv. American Jurist and Diplomatist. 
 
 {Intemationat Law ; History of the Northmen) 1785. .1848 
 
 "Wheelock, Eleazar, d. d. Founder and First President 
 
 of Dartmouth College 1711. .1779 
 
 "Wheelock, John, ll. d., son. Second President of Dart- 
 mouth College 1754.. 1817 
 
 "Wheelwright, John. Amer. Clergyman. ( F^«J^ca<^"on) 1594. .1679 
 "Wheler, or Wheeler, Rev. Sir George. Learned Traveler 1650 .. 1 724 
 "Whethamstede, John. Abbot of St. Alban's. Chronicler — . . 1464 
 
 "Whetstone, George. Writer in Prose and Verse ti. Eliz. 
 
 "Whichcote, Benjamin, d. d. Divine 1610. . 1683 
 
 "Whipple, Abraham. American Naval Officer i733- • 1819 
 
 "Whipple, WilUam. American General 1730 . . 1785 
 
 "Whistler, George Washington. American Engineer. . , 1800. .1849 
 "Whiston, William. Divine and Philosopher, (josephus.) 
 
 Life by self, 1749 1667. .1752 
 
 "Whitaker, Edward W. Div. & Hist. ( The Prophecies) 1750. . 1818 
 "Whitaker, Rev. John. Divine and Antiquary. {History 
 
 of Manchester) 1735?. 1808 
 
 "Whitaker, Rev. Thos. Dunham, ll. d. Topog. Historian 1759. . 1821 
 "Whitaker, William. Master of St. John's, Cambridge. . 1547 . . 1595 . 
 
 "Whitbread, Samuel, m. p. Brewer 1 720"' . 1796 
 
 "Whitbread, Samuel, M. p., son. Brewer. Politician. 1758. .1815 
 "Whitby, Daniel, d. d. Divine. {Paraphrase on New 
 
 Testament.) Life by Dr. Sykes 1638. .1726 
 
 "White, Francis. Bishop of Ely. Writer against Popery 1577 . . 1638 
 
 "White, George. Engraver — . .1734'' 
 
 "White, Rev. Gilbert, of Selborne. {Nat. Hist, of Selborne) 1720. .1793 
 "White, Rev. Henry, of Lichfield; Friend of Dr. Johnson — . .1836 
 "White, Henry Kirke. Poet. Life by Southey; Sir H. 
 
 Nicolas ." 1785 . . 1806 
 
 "White, Hugh Lawson. American Statesman i773- • 1840 
 
 "White, James. Poet "..... — . . 1 790 
 
 White, Rev. James. Dramatist and Historian. {Eighteen 
 
 Christian Centuries) , 1785 . . 1862 
 
426 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 \vhite, Jeremy. Nonconformist Divine. (Restoration 
 
 of all Things) 1629. .1707 
 
 White, or Whyte, John. Bishop of Winchester. Anti- 
 Reformer 1511 . . 1560 
 
 "White, John. Century White. Nonconformist Lawyer 1590. .1645 
 
 White, Rev. John. Patriarch of Dorchester 1574- • 1648 
 
 White, Rev. Joseph, d. d. Prof, of Hebrew. Orientalist 1746. . 1814 
 White, Rev, Joseph Blanco. Spanish Priest and English 
 
 Author. Life by self and J. H. Thorn, 1845 1775. .1841 
 
 WTiite, Peregrine. First Child born in New England of 
 
 English Parents 1620. .1704 
 
 WTiite, or Vitus, Richard. Historian and Roman Catholic 
 
 Divine. ( Historia Britannice) — . . 1612 
 
 White, Robert. Engraver 1645. -1704 
 
 White, Sir Thomas. Founder of St. John's Coll., Oxford 1492. .1566 
 
 White, Thomas. Founder of Sion College, London 1550''. 1624 
 
 White, Thomas. An^lus, or Albius. Philosopher and 
 
 Roman Catholic Priest 1582. . 1676 
 
 White, Thomas. Philosopher; Friend of Hobbes — . . 1696 
 
 White, William, d. d. Protestant Episcopal Bishop of 
 
 Pennsylvania. Life by Dr. Bird Wilson, 1839 1748. , 1836 
 
 Whitefleid, Rev. George." Methodist Preacher. Life by 
 
 R. Philip ; Gillies, 1772 1714. .1770 
 
 Whitehead, David. Divine. Chaplain to Anne Bolej'n — ..1571 
 
 Whitehead, George. Quaker 1636. .1723 
 
 Whitehead, John. Physician and Wesleyan Preacher. 
 
 { flistory of Methodism) ', — . . 1804 
 
 Whitehead, Paul. Poet and Satirist. Life by Captain 
 
 Edward Thomson ' 1709. .1774 
 
 Whitehead, William. Poet. Life by Mason, 1788 1715 . . 1785 
 
 Whitehurst, John. Philosopher. Life by Dr. Hutton . . 1 713 . . 1 788 
 Whitelock, Bulstrode. Lawyer and Statesman. (J/e- 
 
 monals of English Affairs) 1605 . . 1676 
 
 Whitelock, Sir James. Judge 1570. .1632 
 
 Whitfield, Dr. John Clarke. Prof, of Music at Cambridge — ..1836 
 Whitgift, John. Archbishop of Canterburv. Life by Sir 
 
 George Paule, 1699; Strype, 1718; W. D. Garrow, 
 
 1818 (in History of Croydm) 1530. . 1604 
 
 Whiting, Henry. Amei'ican General — . . 185 1 
 
 Whitlock, Mrs. Elizabeth. Actress 1761..1836 
 
 Whitney, Eli. American Inventor 1765 . . 1825 
 
 Whittemore, Amos. American Inventor i759- • 1828 
 
 Whittemore, Rev. Thos., d. d. Anier. Journalist & Writ. 1800 . . 1861 
 
 Whittingham, Sir Samuel Ford. General — . . 1841 
 
 Whittingham, William. Puritan Dean of Durham. . . . 1524. .1589 
 Whittington, Sir Richard. Lord Mayor of Loudon. . . fl. 1393-1419 
 
 Whittington, Robert. Grammarian .' i48o-'.aft.i53o 
 
 Whittlesey, Frederick. American Jurist i799- .1851 
 
 Whitworth, Chas., Ld. Diplomatist. {Accountof Russia) i6d>'6^ .ijzt^ 
 
 Whitworth, Charles, Earl, grandson. Diplomatist 1754. • 1825 
 
 Whyte, Robert. Composer of Church Services — , . 1581? 
 
 Whytt, Robert, f. r. s., m. d. Scottish Medical Writer 1714. .1766 
 Wiboldus. Abbot of Corvey. Statesman and Writer. . — ..1158 
 Wichmann, John Ernest. ' German Medical Writer. 
 
 {Jdten zur Diagnostik) , 1740. . 1804 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 427 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Wiclif. See Wycliffe 1324? . 1384 
 
 "Wicquefort, Abraham de. Dutch Statesman and Diplo- 
 matist. {L^ Ainbassadeur et ses Fonctions) 1598. • 1682 
 
 "Wida, Herman de. Abp. of Cologne (1515-47). Reformer — ..1552 
 Widdrington, William, Fourth Lord. Scottish Jacobite 1701 . .1743' 
 
 Widekindi, John. Swedish Historian 1620''. 1678 
 
 Widmanstadt, John Albert. Editor of Syriac New Test. — ..i559^ 
 "Wiebeking, Charles Frederick. Pomeranian Engineer. . 1762. .1842 
 "Wieland, Christopher Martin. German Poet. ( Oberon.) 
 
 Life by Gruber, 1816 ; Doering, 1840 1733. . 1813 
 
 "Wier, John. Ger. Med. Writ. {l)eZ>te»ionMmPrces<z^Ms) 1515. .1588 
 
 "Wiertz, Anthony. Belgian Painter 1806. . 1865 
 
 "Wififen, Jeremiah Holme. Translator and. Author. {^Uus- 
 
 sell Family) 1792. . 1856 
 
 Wigand, John. German Protestant Divine 1523. .1587 
 
 Wightniaii, Sir William. Judge — . . 1863 
 
 "Wilberforce, Rev. Robert Isaac. Author 1802 . . 1857 
 
 "Wilberforce, William, m. p. Philanthropist and States- 
 man. (Practical View.) Life by sons 1 759- -1833 
 
 Wilbrord, or Willibrod, St. Apostle of the Frisians 657?. 738? 
 
 "Wilbye, John. Musical Composer. { Madrigals) fl. 1600 
 
 "Wilcocks, Joseph. Philanthropist and Writer 1723. .1791 
 
 Wilcox, Carlos. American Clergyman and Poet i794- • 1827 
 
 "Wild, Henry. Tailor and Orientalist 1684'^ 1734? 
 
 Wild, Robert. Nonconf. Div., Poet, Wit. {Iter Boreale) 1609. .1679 
 
 Wildbore, Charles. Mathematician — . . 1802 
 
 Wilde, James. Swedish Historian 1679. .1755 
 
 Wilde, or Wyld, John. Sergeant-at-Law — . . 1669? 
 
 Wilde, Richard Henry. American Author and Statesman 1 789 . . 1847 
 
 Wilde, Sir William. Recorder of London; Judge — . .1679 
 
 Wildens, John. Flemish Painter 1584. . 1644 
 
 Wilford, Francis. Lieutenant-Colonel. Orientalist — ..1822 
 
 Wilfrid, St. Bishop of York. Life by Eddius; Eadmer 634-'. 709 
 Wilkes, John. Political Writer. Life bv Almon, 1805. . 1727. .1797 
 Wilkie, Sir David. Paint. L. by Allan Cunningham, 1843 1785.. 1841 
 Wilkie, Wm., D. D. Poet. Scottish Homer. {£j)i(joniad) ij2i. .iyy2 
 
 Wilkins, Sir Charles. Orientalist. i749- -1836 
 
 Wilkins, Rev. David. (Leges SaxonicoR; Concilia) 1685. .1745 
 
 Wilkins, George, d. d. Archd. of Nottingham. Divine 1784'. 1865 
 Wilkins, John. Bishop of Chester. Mathem. and Theol. 1614. . 1672 
 
 Wilkins, William. Architect 1778. . 1839 
 
 Wilkinson, James. American General i757. • 1825 
 
 Wilkinson, Jemima. Religious Impostor i753- • 1819 
 
 Wilkinson, Jesse. U. S. Naval Officer 1784. .1861 
 
 Willaert, Adrian. Flemish Musical Composer in Italy. . 1490'. 1563 
 
 Willan, Robert, m. d. Medical Writer i757- .1812 
 
 Willard, Rev. Joseph, d. d., ll. d. Pres. of Harvard Coll. 1738. . 1804 
 
 Willard, Sidney, son. Hebraist and Writer 1780. . 1856 
 
 Willdenow, Charles Louis. German Botanist 1765. .1812 
 
 Wille, John George. German Engraver i7i5.' j8o6 
 
 Willehad. Missionary. Bishop of Bremen — . . 789 
 
 Willemet, Peter Remi Francis. French Physician in In- 
 dia. (Herbarium Mauritianum) 1762. .1790 
 
 Willems, John Francis. Flemish Philologist, Historian, 
 
 and Poet; Reviver of Dutch Literature i793' • 1846 
 
428 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Willet, Andrew. Divine. {Synopsis Papismi) 1562. . 1621 
 
 "William I. King of England (10G6-87). Conqueror. . . 1027. .1087 
 
 "WUliamll. (1087-1100.) ■• Eu/us 1056. .1100 
 
 WiUiam III. (1669-1702.) Of Orange 1650 . . 1702 
 
 WilliamlV. (1830-37) 1765. .1837 
 
 William I. Stadtholder. The Silent. Great Prince of 
 
 Orange; assassinated. Life by Isaac Commelin, 1651 1533. .1584 
 
 WiUiam II. Stadtholder 1626. . 1650 
 
 William III. Stadtholder, and King of England 1650. .1702 
 
 William I. Kingof Netherlands (1815-40) 1772.. 1843 
 
 ■William II., son. (1840-48) 1792.. 1849 
 
 Williara. Longue Epee. 2d Dk. of Normandy, son of RoUo — .. 943 
 
 William, Prince, son of Henry I. ; drowned 1103. .1120 
 
 William.. Clito. Son of Robert II. ; Duke of Normandy 1102. .1128 
 
 William. The Lion. King of Scotland (1165-1214) — . . 1214 
 
 William. King of Wurtemberg (1816-64) 1781 . . 1864 
 
 "WiUiam, of Corbeuil. Archbp. of Canterbury (1123-36) — . .1136 
 
 WUliam, of Jumi^ges. Calculus. Historian fl. 1070-87 
 
 "William, of Malmesbury. Historian 1095 ? . 1 143? 
 
 "William, of Newbury. Historian 1136. . 1208 
 
 "WiLliam, of Poictiers. Historian io2o?.aft.io88? 
 
 "WUliam., of Tyre. Bishop and Historian 1130' . — 
 
 "WOliam le Breton. (De Gestis Philippi; Philippis) ii7o?.aft.i226 
 "William of Champeaux. Fr. Scholastic Philosopher. . — . .1121 
 
 "WiUiam de Nangis. Historian — . , 1302? 
 
 "WiUiam of "Wykeham.. Architect, Ecclesiastic, and 
 
 Statesman 1324. .1404 
 
 "Williams, Miss Anna. Poetess and Writer ; Guest of Dr. 
 
 Johnson 1706. .1783 
 
 "WiUiams, Sir Chas. Hanbury. Statesm. and Poet. ( Odes) 1709. .1759 
 
 "WiUiams, Charles Kilbom. American .Jurist 1782. . 1853 
 
 "WiUiams, Daniel, d.d. Nonconf. Div. ; Found, of Library 1644'. ^716 
 
 "WiUiam.s, David. Founder of Literary Fund "^IZ^- .1816 
 
 "WiUiams, Edward. lolo Morganwg. Welsh & Eng. Poet 1 747 . . 1 826 
 
 "WilUams, Edwin. Statist and Geographer — ..1854 
 
 "WiUiams, Eleazar. American Clergyman; pretended 
 
 son of Louis XVI .' 1787"/. 1858 
 
 "WiUiams, Col. Ephraim. Founder of Williams College 1715. .1755 
 
 "WUUams, Frederick Sims. Barrister and Writer 1812. .1863 
 
 "WiUiams, Griffith. Bishop of Ossory. {Seven Golden 
 
 Candlesticks) 1589. . 1672 
 
 "WiUiams, Miss Helen Maria. Poetess, Novelist, and Po- 
 litical Writer 1762. . 1827 
 
 "WiUiams, Rev. Isaac. Divine. {Baptistery) — . . 1865 
 
 "William.s, John. Archbishop of York; Lord Keeper. 
 
 Life by Bishop Hacket, 1693; Ambrose Phillips, 1700 1582. .1650 
 
 "WUliams, John. Bishop of Chichester 1634. .1709 
 
 "WilUams, Rev. John. Redeemed Captive 1644. .1729 
 
 "WiUiams, Rev. John, ll. d. ( Concord, to Gr. Testament) — . . 1798 
 
 "WiUiams, John. Missionary. Life by Prout 1796. .1839 
 
 "WiUiams, Rev. John. Welsh Scholar and Archaeologist 1811 . . 1862 
 
 "WiUiams, Joseph, of Kidderminster — • • i775 
 
 "WiUiams, Otho Holland. American General 1748. -1794 
 
 WiUiams, Roger. Colonizer of Rhode Island. Life by 
 
 Knowles, 1833; Gammell, 1846; Romeo Elton, 1852 1606.. 1683 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 429 
 
 BORN. DIKD. 
 
 "WiUiams, Rev. Samuel, ll,. d. American Scholar 1743. • 1817 
 
 ■Williams, Samuel. Wood Engraver 1788. .1853 
 
 "WiUiams, Thomas. American General 1818. . 1862 
 
 "Williams, Thomas Scott, ll. d. American Jurist "i-m ■ .1861 
 
 "Williams, William. American Patriot 1 731.. 181 1 
 
 ■Williamson, Hu^h, m. d. American Physician. {History 
 
 of North Carolina) 1735 • • ^^^9 
 
 "Williamson, Sir Joseph. Statesman 1630''. 1 701 
 
 WilUbrod, St. >See Wilbrord v 657?. 738? 
 
 "Willis, Browne. Antiquary. ( Cathedrals) 1682. .1760 
 
 "Willis, Rev. Francis, m. d. Doctor for Insanity 1718''. 1807 
 
 "Willis, Thomas, m. d. Anatomical & Philosophical Writer 1621 . . 1675 
 
 "Willmore, James Tibbits. Engraver 1800. . 1863 
 
 "Willmott, Rev. Robert Aris, of Bearwood. Writer — ..1863 
 
 "Willock, or Willox, John. Scottish Reformer — aft. 1568 
 
 "WUloughby, Sir Hugh. Voyager — ..1554? 
 
 ■WiLlshire, Sir Thomas, Bart. General 1790- • 1862 
 
 "Willughby, Francis. Naturalist; Companion of Ray. . . 1635. . 1672 
 "Wilmot, John, Earl of Rochester. Converted Infidel. 
 
 Life by Bishop Burnet 1647 . . 1680 
 
 "Wilmot, Sir John Eardley. Judge. L. by J. W. E. Wilmot 1 709 . . 1 792 
 "Wilmot, John Wilmot Eardley, son. Lawyer. {Laws 
 
 and Customs of Enrfland) . .\ .' 1748. .1815 
 
 "Wilson, Alexander. Scottish Ornithologist 1766. .1813 
 
 "Wilson, Arthur. Historian. ( Life and Reign of James I. ) 
 
 Life by self 1596. .1652 
 
 "Wilson, Mrs. Cornwall Barron. Writer — . . 1846 
 
 "Wilson, Daniel. Author; Bishop of Calcutta. Life by 
 
 Bateman, 1860 1778. • 1858 
 
 "Wilson, Florence. Florentius Volusenm. Scottish Writer 1500'. 1547 
 "Wilson, George, m. d., of Edinburgh. Professor of Tech- 
 nology. {Five Gateways of Knowledge.) Life by sister 1818. .1859 
 
 "Wilson, Professor Horace Hayman. Orientalist 1786. . i860 
 
 ^Wilson, James. American Patriot 1742. .1798 
 
 "Wilson, James. Scottish Naturalist and Author. Life 
 
 by Dr. Hamilton, 1859 i795 • -^856 
 
 "Wilson, James. Political Economist. Financier in India 1805. .i860 
 "Wilson, Dr. John. Composer to Charles I. {Psalterium 
 
 CaroUnum) I594- • 1673 
 
 "Wilson, John, of Kendal. Botanist. ( Synopsis of British 
 
 Plants) — ..1750' 
 
 "Wilson, John. Professor at Edinburgh. Christopher 
 
 North. Poet and Essayist. {Noctes Ambrosianm.) 
 
 Life by Mrs. Gordon, 1862 1785. .1854 
 
 "Wilson, Richard, k. a. Painter. L. by T. Wright, 1824 1 713 . . 1 782 
 "Wilson, General Sir Robert Thomas. Mihtary Writer. 
 
 Life by self and Rev. Herbert Randolph i777- • 1849 
 
 "Wilson, Sir Thomas. Statesman and Div. {Art of Logic) 1520?. 1581 
 "Wilson, Thomas. Puritan Divine. ( Christian Dictionary) — . . 1621 
 "WUson, Thomas. Bishop of Sodor and Man ( 1698-1755 ). 
 
 {Sacra Privata.) Life by Cruttwell; Keble; Hugh 
 
 Stowell, 1810 1663. . 1755 
 
 Wilson, William Rae, ll. d. ( Travels in the Holy Land) 1774 .. 1849 
 "Wilton, Rev. Edward. Divine. {Negeb, or South Country) 1820K 1864. 
 "Wilton, Joseph, r. a. Sculptor 1722. . 1803 
 
430 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 ■Wimpfeling, James, of Strasburg. Reviver of Learning 1450. .1528 
 ■Wimpfifen-Berneburg, Felix, Baron de. French General 1745 . . 1014 
 ■Wimpina, Conrad, of Frankfort. Theologian; Anti- 
 Reformer 1460 . . 1 531 
 
 ■Winchell, James Manning. American Clergyman 1791 . . 1820 
 
 ■Winchelsea, Anne, Countess of. Poetess 1660'' .1720 
 
 Winchester, Elhanan. American Clergyman and Writer. 
 
 Life by Vidler ; E. M. Stone, 1836 1751 ■ • i797 
 
 "Winchester, Thomas, d. d. Divine — . . 1 780 
 
 Winckelmann, John Joachim. Antiquary. L. by Heyne 171 7 . . 1.768 
 
 Winckelmann, John Justus. German Historian 1620. .1697 
 
 Winckler, John Henry. German Philosopher ^703- • 1770 
 
 Winder, William H. American General 1775 . . 1824 
 
 Windham, Joseph. Artist and Antiquary i739- .1810 
 
 Windham, William. Statesman. L. by Thomas Amyot 1750. . 1810 
 Windischgratz, Alfred zu, Prince. Austrian General. . 1787. .1862 
 Windischmann, Charles Joseph Jerome. Ger. Philos. 1775..1S39 
 Winer, George Benedict. German Protestant Theologian 1789. .1858 
 Wing, Vincent. Astrologer. ( Aslronomia Brilannicn) . . — ..1661 
 
 Wingate, Edmund. Arithmetician i593- • 1656 
 
 Winkelried, Arnold Struth von. Swiss Patriot — . . 1386 
 
 Winram, John. Scottish Ecclesiastic — . . 1582 
 
 Winsemius, Menelaus. Medical Writer at Franeker. . . 1591?. 1639 
 Winsemius, Peter, br. Flemish Historian at Franeker 1585?. 1644 
 
 Winslow, Edward. Governor of Plymouth Colony i595- 1:655 
 
 Winslow, Hubbard, d. d. American Author and Editor 1800. . 1864 
 
 Winslow, James Benignus. Danish Anatomist 1669. .1760 
 
 Winslow, Miron, d. d., l,l. d. American Missionary and 
 
 Orientalist ; 1789. . 1864 
 
 Winsor, Frederick Albert. Introducer of Gas Lights. . . 1762''. 1830 
 Winstanley, Henry. ArchitectofEddystone Lighthouse — •1703 
 Winstanley, WiUiam. Biographer. (.Lives of Poets) . . — ..1684'' 
 
 Winston, Charles. Painter on Glass 1814. .1864 
 
 Winston, Thomas. Gresham Professor. (Anatomic Lec- 
 turer) 1575- -1655 
 
 Wint, Peter de. English Water Color Painter 1783. . 1849 
 
 Winter, John William van. Dutch Admiral 1750. . 1812 
 
 Winter, Peter von. German Musical Composer i754- • 1825 
 
 Winterton, Ralph. Editor of Poeice Grceci Minores — . .1636 
 
 Winthrop, John. Gov. of the Colony of Massachusetts 1588. .1649 
 
 Winthrop, John, son. Governor of Connecticut 1606. . 1676 
 
 Winthrop, John, ll. d. American Scholar 1715 • -1779 
 
 Winthrop, Major Theodore. American Author 1828. .1861 
 
 Winton, or Wyntoun, Andrew. Poet and Chronicler 
 
 of Scotland — aft.1420 
 
 •Wintoun, George Seton, Earl of. Scottish Jacobite. . . . 1690. .1749 
 Wintringham, Clifton. Physician and Physiologist .. . — ..1748 
 Wintringham, Sir Clifton, m. d,, son. Medical Writer 1710. .1794 
 Wintzingerode, Ferdinand, Baron. Russian General.. 1770.. 1818 
 
 Winwood, Sir Ralph. Statesman 1564?. 1617 
 
 Winzet, or Winget, Ninian. Scottish Anti-Reformer . . .. 1518''. 1592 
 Wirley, William. Heraldic Writer. ( 7V«e C/seq/'^rmori/) — ..1618 
 Wirsungus, John George. Discoverer of Pancreatic Duct — . . 1643 
 Wirt, William. American Jurist and Author. Life by 
 
 J. P. Kennedy, 1849 1772, . 1834 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 431 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Wischart, William, d. d. Scottish Divine. ( Theologia) 1657 . . 1727 
 ■Wischeart, George, d. d. Bishop of Edinburgh. Biog- 
 rapher. ( Wars in Scotland) 1609. . 1671 
 
 Wise, Rev. Francis. Antiquary and Divine 1695 . . 1767 
 
 "Wise, Michael. Composer of Church Music — . . 1687 
 
 Wiselius, Samuel Iperuszoon. Dutch Poet 1769- • 1^45 
 
 "Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick Stephen. Cardinal 1802. . 1865 
 
 "Wiseman, Richard. Surgical Writer — aft.1766 
 
 "Wishart, George. The Martyr. Scottish Reformer and 
 
 Martyr — • .1546 
 
 Wishart, George. Bishop of Edinburgh. Biographer. 
 
 ( Wars in Scotland) 1609. . 1671 
 
 "Wishaw, Francis. Engineer 1805 . . 1854 
 
 "Wissing, William. Dutch Portrait Painter in England 1656. .1687 
 
 "Wissowatius, Andrew. Socinian Writer 1608. . 1678 
 
 "Wistar, Caspar. American Anatomist 1 761 . . 1818 
 
 "Witasse, Charles. French Theologian 1660. .1716 
 
 "Witchell, George. Astronomer and Mathematician 1728. . 1785 
 
 "Wither, George. Poet. {Abuses Stript and Whipt) 1588. .1667 
 
 "Withering, William. Physician and Botanist 1741 .. 1799 
 
 Witherington, W. F. Landscape Painter 1786. .1865 
 
 Witherspoon, Dr. John. American Patriot; Writer; 
 President of Princeton College. ( Characteristics ; The 
 
 Stage) 1722. .1794 
 
 Withof, John Philip Lawrence. Ger. Physician and Poet 1725 . . 1789 
 Witikind, Wittekind, or Wittichind. Saxon Patriot; 
 
 defeated bv Charlemagne — • • 807? 
 
 "Witikind. S"axon Historian. {Annals of the Saxons) . . —aft. 973 
 
 Witsius, Herman. Dutch Divine 1636. .1708 
 
 "Witt, Cornelius de. Life by Madame Zouteland, 1709 . . 1623. . 1671 
 
 "Witt, Emanuel de, of Alkmaer. Painter 1607 . . 1692 
 
 Witt, John de. Grand Pensionary. Life by Madame 
 
 Zouteland, 1709 1625 . . 1672 
 
 Witte, or Witten, Henning. Ger. Divine and Biographer 1634 . . 1696 
 Witte, Peter de. Peter Candida. Dutch Painter in Italy 1 548'' . 1 599 
 "Wittgenstein, Louis Adolphus, Ct. of. Prussian General 1769. . 1843 
 
 Wittichius, Christopher. Protestant Theologian 1625 . . 1687 
 
 Witzleben, Charles Augustus Frederick von. Von Trom- . 
 
 litz. Soldier and Writer 1772. . 1839 
 
 "Wodderspoon, John. Antiquary 1 706' . 1862 
 
 "WodhuU, Michael. Poet; Translator of Euripides 1740. . 1816 
 
 "Wodrow, Robert. Scottish Ecclesiastical Historian 1679. • ^734 
 
 "Woeiriot, Peter. Engraver of Lorraine fl. i555~76 
 
 "Woelffl, or Wolffl, Joseph. German Pianist & Composer 1772. . 1814 
 
 "Woffington, Margaret. Irish Actress 1 719 . . 1 760 
 
 Wogan, Nicholas. Jacobite 1667'. 1734 
 
 "Wohlgemuth, Michael. German Painter and Engraver 1434 • • 1 5 ^9 
 "Woide, Charles Godfrey, D. D. Orientalist. {Novum Tes- 
 
 tamenlum e Codice j\dS. Alexandrino) 1725 • • 179° 
 
 Wolcott, John. Peter Pindar. Satirical Poet i73^- • ^^^9 
 
 "Wolcott, Oliver. American Statesman and General 1726. . 1797 
 
 "Wolcott, Roger. Colonial Governor of Connecticut 1679. .1767 
 
 Wolf, Fred. Augustus. Ger. Classical Scholar and Critic. 
 
 {Prolegomena ad Homerum. ) Life by W. Korte, 1833 1759. . 1824 
 Wolf, Jerome. Scholar and Philosopher at Augsburg. . 15 16. .1580 
 
432 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Wolf, John. German Jurisconsult and Compiler — . . 1600 
 
 "Wolf, John. German Medical Writer i537- • 1616 
 
 "Wolf, John Christian von. German Mathematician and 
 
 Philosopher. {Philosqphia Rationalis) 1679. . 1754 
 
 "Wolf, John Christopher. Lutheran Divine, Orientalist, 
 
 and Biblical Writer, at Hamburg 1683. .1739 
 
 "Wolfe, Rev. Charles. Poet. {Burial of Sir John Moore.) 
 
 Life by Archdeacon Russell, 1825 1791 . . 18^3 
 
 ■Wolfe, James. General; fell at Quebec. L. by Wright, 1863 1726.. 1759 
 
 "Wolfi", Dr. Joseph. Missionary and Traveler i795 • • 1862 
 
 "Wolff, Oscar Louis Bernard. German Author i799- .1851 
 
 "Wolff, Pius Alexander. German Actor 1782. . 1828 
 
 "Wolfa, Joseph. German Pianist and Composer 1772. . 1814 
 
 "Wolfram von Eschenbach. German Minnesinger .. . — aft.1227 
 "Wollaston, Rev. William. Philosophical Writer. {Re- 
 
 lifjion of Nature.) Life by Dr. Clarke 1659. .1724 
 
 "Wollaston, William Hyde, m.d. Natural Philosopher 1766. .1828 
 "Wollebius, John. Div. of Basle. {Compendium Theologia) j '^2)'^. ,1626 
 
 "Wollstonecrafb, Mary (Mrs. Godwin). Writer i759- -1797 
 
 "Wolmar, or Volkmar, Melchior. Swiss Jurisconsult and 
 
 Scholar 1497?.! 561 
 
 "Wolsey, Thomas. Cardinal and Statesman. Life by 
 Fiddes, 1724; Grove; Sir William Cavendish; J. Gait, 
 
 1818; Charles Howard, 1824; T. Storer 1471. .1530 
 
 "Wolters, Henrietta. Dutch Miniature Painter 1692. .1741 
 
 "Wolzogen, Caroline von. German Authoress 1763. . 1847 
 
 "Wolzogen, John Louis. Socinian Writer 1596. . 1658 
 
 "Wolzogen, Louis van. Socinian Writer at Amsterdam 1642.. 1690 
 "Womack, Lawrence. Bishop of St. David's. Anti-Puri- 
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 "Wood, Sir Andrew. Scottish Admiral I455'''i539^ 
 
 "Wood, Anthony a. Antiquary and Biographer. {Athence 
 
 Oxonienses.) Life by self; Huddesford, 1772 1632. .1695 
 
 "Wood, Isaac. Painter and Humorist 1689, .1752 
 
 "Wood, James, of Gloucester. Banker 1756. . 1836 
 
 "Wood, James, D. d. Dean of Ely. Master of St. John's. 
 
 {Algebra) 1760?. 1839 
 
 "Wood, John, of Bath. Architect — . .1754 
 
 "Wood, Sir Matthew, m. p. Lord Mayor 1768. .1843 
 
 "Wood, Robert. Palmyra Wood. Secretary of State; 
 
 Archasologist. {Essay on Homer ; Ruins of Palmyra) 1716. .1771 
 "Wood, William. Dissenting Minister, Scholar, and Writer 1745. -1808 
 
 "Woodall, John. Surgeon 1556?. 1646? 
 
 "Woodbridge, Wm. Channing. Amer. Educational Writ. 1794. . 1845 
 
 "Woodbury, Levi. American Jurist and Statesman 1789. . 185 1 
 
 "Woodcock, Robert. Musical Composer and Painter . . . 1692. .1728 
 
 "Woodd, Rev. Basil. Divine 1760. .1831 
 
 "Wooddeson, Dr. Richard. Vinerian Prof. ; Law Writer 1745 . . 1822 
 "Woodfall, William. Newspaper Writer and Parliamen- 
 tary Reporter 1745 or 6. 1803 
 
 "Woodford, Samuel, d.d. Divine and Poetical Writer 1636.. 1700 
 
 "Woodhead, Abraham. Roman Catholic Writer — . .1678 
 
 Woodhouse, Robert. Mathematician and Astronomer 1773. .1827 
 
 "Woodhouselee, Alexander Eraser Tytler, Lord i747- • 1813 
 
 "Woods, Joseph. Architect and Botanist 1776?. 1864 
 
A BEIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 433 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Woods, Leonard, d. d. American Divine 1774. .1854 
 
 Woodville, Anthony, Earl Rivers ; beheaded 1442. .1483 
 
 "Woodville, or Wy'dville, Elizabeth, sister. Queen of 
 
 Edward IV .' — . . i486? 
 
 ■Woodville, William, m. d. Medical Writer 1752. . 1805 
 
 Woodvsrard, Henry. Comedian 1717..1777 
 
 Woodward, John. Geologist. Founder of Professorship 
 
 at Cambridge. {Naturai History of the Earth) 1665. .1728 
 
 Woodward, Samuel Bayard, m. d. American Physician 1787. .1850 
 
 "Woodward, Dr. Samuel P. Geologist 1821 . .1865 
 
 Woodworth, Samuel. American Editor and Author. 
 
 {The Old Oaken Buchet) 1785.. 1842 
 
 Woolhouse, John Thomas. Surgeon and Oculist — . .1730 
 
 WooUett, William. Engraver 1735 • -17^5 
 
 Woolman, John. American Quaker. Abolitionist 1720.. 1773 
 
 Woolsey, Melaucthon Taylor. United States Naval Officer 1782. . 1838 
 
 Woolston, Rev. Thomas' Theological Writer 1669. .1733 
 
 Wooster, David. American Revolutionary General 1710. .1777 
 
 Wootton, John. Painter '. 1720. .1765 
 
 Worcester, Edward Somerset, Marquess of ( Century of 
 
 Inventions.) Life by Dircks, 1865 — . . 1667 
 
 Worcester, Joseph Emerson, ll. d. American Geogra- 
 pher and Lexicographer 1784. .1865 
 
 Worcester, Noah, d. d. American Divine 1758. .1837 
 
 Worcester, Samuel, br. Clergyman. L. by his son, 1852 1770 . . 1821 
 
 Worde, Wynkin de. Printer * — , .1534? 
 
 Wordsworth, Rev. Christopher, D. d. Master of Trin- 
 ity College. {Ecclesiastical Biography) i774- • 1846 
 
 Wordsworth, William. Poet. Life by his nephew. 
 
 Canon Wordsworth, 1851; Rev. E. Paxton Hood, 1856 1770. .1850 
 Worlidge, Thomas. Portrait Painter and Engraver. .. . 1700. .1766 
 Wormius, Olaus. Danish Physician, Antiquary, Historian 1588. . 1654 
 
 Wormius, Olaus. Medical Writer — . .1708 
 
 ■Wormius, William. Medical Writer. {MusceumWorm.) 1633. .1704 
 
 Woronicz, John Paul. Polish Prelate and Poet 1757- .1829 
 
 Woronzoflf, Michael Ilarionovitch, Ct. Russian Diplom. 1714. .1767 
 Woronzoflf, Michael Semenovitch, Prince- Russ. General 1782. .1856 
 
 Worsdale, James. Painter and Dramatic Writer — . . 1 767 
 
 Worsley, Sir Richard. Gov. of Isle of Wight. (/. Wight) 1751..1805 
 
 Worth, William Jenkins. American General i794- • 1849 
 
 Worthington, Thomas. Governor of Ohio '^772)- ■ 1827 
 
 Worthington, Rev. William. Divine 1703. . 1778 
 
 "Wortley, Emmeline Charlotte Elizabeth, Lady. Writer 1806. .1855 
 Wotton, Edward, m. d. Naturalist. {De "Differentiis 
 
 Animalium) 1492. . 1555 
 
 Wotton, Sir Henry. Diplomatist and Author. Life by 
 
 Izaak Walton 1568. . 1639 
 
 Wotton, Nicholas. Dean of Canterbury and Statesman 1497. .1566 
 Wotton,. Rev. William, d. d. Divine, Critic, and His- 
 torian. {Ancient and Modern Learning) 1666. .1726 
 
 Woulfe, Peter. Chemist in London — . . 1806 
 
 Wouters, Francis. Flemish Painter 1614. . 1659 
 
 "Wouverman, Peter 1625 . . 1683 
 
 Wouverman, Philip, brother. Dutch Painter 1620. . 1668 
 
 Wower, John, of Hamburg. Politician and Writer i574- .1612 
 
 28 
 
434 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Wrangel, Chas. Gustavus von, Ct. Swedish Commander 1613 . . 1675 
 
 "Wraxall, Sir Frederick Charles Lascelles. Writer 1828. .1865 
 
 "Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel William. Traveler and Historian 1751 . . 1831 
 
 Wray, Daniel. Archaeologist 1701 . . 1783 
 
 A^ray, Robert Bateman. Engraver of Gems 1715- -1770 
 
 "Wrede, Charles Philip, Prince. Field Marshal 1767. . 1838 
 
 "Wren, Sir Christopher. Architect. Life by son and 
 
 grandson 1632. . 1723 
 
 "Wren, Christopher, son. Antiquary. {Parentalia) 1675.. 1747 
 
 "Wren, Matthew. Bishop of Ely. . T 1585 . . 1667 
 
 "Wren, Matthew, m. p., son. Writer 1629. . 1672 
 
 "Wright, Abraham. Divine and Poet. Writer. {Par- 
 nassus Biceps) 1611 . . 1690 
 
 "Wright, Edward. Mathematician — .-1615 
 
 "Wright, Edward, M. d. Traveler with Lord Macclesfield. 
 
 ( Observer) — . .1761 
 
 T^right, Fanny. Madame Darusmont. Social Reformer 
 
 and Philanthropist 1796?. 1853 
 
 "Wright, John Wesley. Captain k. n '. 1769. . 1805 
 
 "Wright, Joseph, of Derby. Painter i734- -1797 
 
 "Wright, Sir Nathan. Lord Keeper — . . 1721 
 
 "Wright, Samuel. Dissenting Divine. ( The New Birth) 1683. .1746 
 
 "Wright, Silas. American Statesman ^795 • • 1847 
 
 "Wright, Thomas, of Durham. Antiquary and Natural 
 
 Philosopher I7ii''.i785 
 
 "Wright, Walter Rodwell. {Horos. lonicce) — . .1826 
 
 "Wriothesley, Thomas, Fourth Earl of Southampton — ..1667 
 
 "Wrisberg, Henry Augustus. German Anatomist 1739 . . 1808 
 
 "Wulf, Christian." Danish Writer 1810. .1856 
 
 "Wulfen, Francis Xavier von. Natural Philosopher and 
 
 Mathematician 1728. . 1806 
 
 "Wiilf helm. Archbishop of Canterbury (923-42) — . . 942 
 
 "Wulfred. Archbishop of Canterbury "(805-32).. .. ._ — . . 832 
 
 "Wvilstan, or Wolstan. Monk of Winchester. {Life of 
 
 Ethelwold) fl. loth c. 
 
 "Wulstan. Bishop of Worcester 1007 or 8 . 1096 
 
 "Wurmser, Dagobert Sigismund, Ct. of. Austrian General 1724. .1797 
 "Wursticius, or Ursticius, Christian. Ital. Mathematician 1 544 . . 1 588 
 
 "Wurzelbau, John Philip. German Astronomer 1651 . . 1725 
 
 "Wyatt, James. Architect 1 746 . . 1813 
 
 "Wyatt, Matthew Cotes. Sculptor 1778 . • 1862 
 
 "Wyatt, Richard James. Sculptor 1795 • • 1850 
 
 Wyatt, Sir Thomas. The Elder. Statesman, Courtier, 
 
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 "Wyatt, Sir Thomas. "The Younger. Insurgent; beheaded 1520'''. 1554 
 
 "Wyatville, Sir Jeffrey. Architect 1766. . 1840 
 
 "Wycherly, William. Dramatic Writer. L. by Major Pack 1640? 1715 
 
 "Wyck, John. Painter in J:ngland 1640?. 1702 
 
 "Wyck, Thomas. Dutch Painter : 1616. . 1686 
 
 "Wycliflfe, John de. Reformer. Life bv Rev. John Lewis, 
 
 1719 ; Dr. Robert Vaughan, 1828 (revised, 1853) ; Rev. 
 
 Webb Le Bas, 1832 .• 1324- • 1384 ^ 
 
 "Wykeham, William of. Life by Martin, 1597; Bishop 
 
 Louth, 1754 1324- • 1404 
 
 "Wylie, Andrew, D. d. American Educator 1789. . 185 1 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. - 435 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 "Wynants, John. Dutch Landscape Painter 1600''. 1673' 
 
 ■Wyndham, Sir Charles, Earl of Egremont. Secretary of 
 
 State — ..1763 
 
 "Wyndham, Sir William. Statesman 1687 . . 1 740 
 
 ■Wynn, Charles Watkin Williams, M. p. Politician 1775?. 1850 
 
 "Wynne, John Huddleston. {History of Ireland) i743- -1788 
 
 "WyTitoun. Annalist in Verse. See Winton — aft. 1420 
 
 "Wyon, William, r. a. Engraver of Medals 1795 • • 1851 
 
 "Wyse, Sir John. Writer ; 1792. . 1862 
 
 "Wysocki, Joseph. Polish General 1809. . — 
 
 "Wythe, George. American Jurist and Patriot 1726. . 1806 
 
 "Wytman, Matthew. Painter 1650 . . 1682 
 
 "Wyttenbach, Daniel. Dutch Philologist 1746. . 1820 
 
436 ■ A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 X. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Xaupi, Joseph, of Perpignan. Antiquarian Writer 1688. . 1778 
 
 Xavier, Francis, St. Apostle of the Indies. Jesuit Mis- 
 sionary to the East. Life by Tursellini, 1594 ; Orlan- 
 dino; Bartoli, 1666; Maft'ei; Bouhours, translated by. 
 
 Dryden,1688; Venn, 1863 1506.. 1552 
 
 Xavier, Jerome. Jesuit Missionary to the East Indies . . — . .1617 
 
 Xenocrates. Greek Phiiosophfer 396.314 B.C. 
 
 Xenophanes. Greek Philosopher and Poet fl. b.c. 540-500 
 
 Xenophon. Greek Soldier and Writer, (^waftasis). . 444 -'.35 5? b.c. 
 
 Xerxes I. King of Persia (b. c 485-465) — b.c 465 
 
 Xerxes H. (b. c. 425) — b.c. 425 
 
 Ximenes, Augustine Mar}', Marquis de. French Poet. . 1726. .1817 
 Ximenes, Francis. Spanish Friar ; Missionary to Mexico — ..1620? 
 
 Ximenes, Francis. Spanish Painter 1598. . 1666 
 
 Ximenes, Leonard. Sicilian Geometer and Astronomer 1716. .1786 
 Ximenes, Peter. Theologian. {Demonstratio CathoUccB 
 
 Veritatis) 1514- •i595 
 
 Ximenes, Roderick. Archbishop of Toledo. {History of 
 
 Spain) — . . 1247 
 
 Ximenes de Carmona, Francis. Spanish Physician and 
 
 Naturalist fl. 1616 
 
 Ximenes de Cisneros, Francis. Spanish Cardinal and 
 Statesman. Life by Flechier; Gomez de Castro; Mar- 
 
 sollier 1436.. 1517 
 
 Ximenes de Quesada, Gonzalo. Spanish Explorer and 
 
 Conqueror — '-iSTQ 
 
 Ximeno, Vincent, of Valencia. Biographer — ••1703 
 
 Xiphilinus, John, of Trebizond. Patriarch of Constan- 
 tinople 1005 ? . 1075 
 
 Xiphilinus, John, nephew. Epitomizer of Dion Cassias fl. iioo'' 
 
 Xuares, Caspar. Jesuit. Botanist 1731 . . 1804 
 
 Xylander, William. Holzmann, German Philologer ... 1532. . 1576 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 437 
 
 Y. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Yakoob-ibn-Lais. Suffar. Founder of the Dynasty of 
 
 Sufikrides in Persia — , . 877 
 
 Yalden, Rev. Thomas. Poetical Writer. {Hymn to Dark- 
 ness) 1671. .1736 
 
 Yale, Elihu. Early Patron of Yale College 1648. .1721 
 
 Yancey, William Lowndes. American Politician 1815.. 1863 
 
 Yarrell, William. Naturalist 1784. . 1856 
 
 Yarrenton, Andrew. Ironmaster and Soldier. {Eng- 
 land's Improvement.) Life by Smiles i6i6.aft.i6^i 
 
 Yart, Anthony. French Writer. ( Idea of English Poetry) 1 7 10. . 1 791 
 
 Yates, Mrs. Anna Maria. Tragic Actress — . .1787 
 
 Yates, Frederick Henry. Actor 1797?. 1842 
 
 Yates, John Ashton. Political Economist 1781''. 1863 
 
 Yates, Richard. Comic Actor — . . 1 796 
 
 Yates, Robert. American Statesman and Jurist 1738. .1801 
 
 Yates, William, d. d. Missionary and Orientalist 1792. . 1845 
 
 Yearsley, Anne. Poetical and Dramatic Writer 1756?. 1806 
 
 Yeates, Thomas. Orientalist 1768. . 1839 
 
 Yeates, Thomas Pattinson. Entomologist — . .1782 
 
 Yelverton, Sir Henry. Judge. ( Reports of Special Cases) 1 566 . . 1630 
 Yepez, Anthony. Spanish Benedictine. ( Chronology of 
 
 Benedictine' Order) — . . 1621 
 
 Yepez, Diego d'. Spanish Historical Writer i559- • 1613 
 
 Yorck von Wartenbiirg, John David Louis, Count. 
 
 Prussian Field Marshal i759- • 1830 
 
 York, Edmund of Langley, First Duke of. Son of Ed- 
 ward III 1341 . . 1402 
 
 York, Edward, son, Second Duke of; fell at Agincourt. . — . .1415 
 York, Richard, nephew. Claimant of Crown ; fell at 
 
 Wakefield — . . 1460 
 
 York, Richard, Duke of. Son of Edward IV. Murdered 
 
 in Tower — . . 1483 
 
 York and. Albany, Edward Augustus, Duke of. Brother 
 
 of George III — . .1767 
 
 York and Albany, Ernest Augustus, Duke of. Brother 
 
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 York and Albany, Frederick, Duke of. Son of Geo. III. 1763. . 1827 
 
 Yorke, Charles. Lawyer and Statesman 1722 . .1770 
 
 Yorke, Sir Joseph Sidney, m. p. Admiral; Politician. . . 1768. .1831 
 Yorke, Philip, Earl of Hardwicke, which see. 
 
 Youatt, William. Veterinary Surgeon and Writer 1777. .1847 
 
 Young, Alexander, d. d. Amer. Clergyman and Writer 1800. . 1854 
 
 Young, Sir Aretas William. Colonel 1778? 1835 
 
 Young, Arthur. Agricultural Writer 1741 • • 1820 
 
 Young, Augustus. American Geologist and Naturalist . 1785 . . 1857 
 
 Young, Charles. Actor 1777''. 1856 
 
 Young, Edward, d. c. l. Poet. {Night Thoughts) 1684. . 1765 
 
 Young, Matthew. Bishop of Clonfert. Mathematician. . 1750. .1800 
 
 Young, Rev. Patrick. Patricius Junius. Scholar 1584. • 1653 
 
 Young, Sir Peter. Scottish Diplomatist and Writer .... 1544. . 1628 
 Young, Thomas. Puritan Divine ; Milton's first tutor . . 1587?. 1655 
 
438 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Young, Thomas, m. d. Physician and Natural Philoso- 
 pher. Life by Dean Peacock, 1855 1773 . . 1829 
 
 Young, Sir William, m.p. Political and Miscellaneous 
 
 Writer ' 1750. . 1815 
 
 Yousouf-ben-Taschfln. King of Morocco — . .1106 
 
 Ypres, Charles de. Flemish Painter 1510. . 1563 
 
 Ypsilanti, Alexander, Prince. Greek Revolutionary 
 
 Statesman 1792. .1828 
 
 Ypsilanti, Demetrius, brother. Military Commander. . . 1793.. 1832 
 
 Yriarte, Bernard. Spanish Statesman 1734?. 1814 
 
 Yriarte, Domingo, brother. Spanish Diplomatist ...... 1746. .1795 
 
 Yriarte, Ignatius. Spanish Landscape Painter 1635 . . 1685 
 
 Yriarte, John de. Spanish Linguist and Archaeologist. . 1702.. 1771 
 
 Yriarte, Thomas de. Spanish Poet 1750. .1791 
 
 Ysabeau, or Isabeau, Alexander Clement. Fr. Statesman 1750?. 1823 
 Yves, or Ivo. Bishop of Chartres. Ecclesiastical and His- 
 torical Writer io35- -lUS 
 
 Yveteaux, Nicholas Vauquelin. Poetical Writer i559- • 1649 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 439 
 
 z. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Zabaglia, Nicholas. Italian Architect 1674 . .1750 
 
 Zabarella, Francis. Cardinal de Florence. Archbishop. 
 
 Theologian i339- • H^7 
 
 Zabarella, James. Astrol. ( Commentaries on Aristotle) 1533. .1589 
 Zacagni, Lawrence Alex. {Collectanea Monument orum) — ..1712 
 Zaccaria, Francis Anthony. Jesuit. {Lit. Hist, of Italy) 1714. . 1795 
 
 ZaccMas, Paul. Italian Medical "Writer 1584. . 1659 
 
 Zacli, Anthony, Baron von. Austrian General i744- .1826 
 
 Zach, Francis Xavier, Baron von, brother. Astronomer. 1754.. 1832 
 Zachariae, or Zacharia, Justus Frederick William. Ger- 
 man Comic Poet 1723. .1777 
 
 Zachariae, or Zacharia, von Lingenthal, Charles Solo- 
 mon. German Jurist and Political Writer 1769. .1843 
 
 Zachariah, son of Jeroboam II. King of Israel (b. c. 
 
 793-771) 808 . 771 B.C. 
 
 Zacharias. Pope (741-52) — . . 752 
 
 Zachaw, Frederick William. German Musical Composer 1663. .1721 
 Zachtleevin, or Sachtleevin, Cornelius. Dutch Painter. . 1612.. — 
 
 Zachtleevin, Herman, brother. Painter 1609 . . 1685 
 
 Zacutus Lusitanus. Portuguese Medical Writer i575- .1642 
 
 Zagoskin, or Sagoskin, Michael Nicolaevitch. Russian 
 
 Dramatist and Novelist 1789. . 1852 
 
 Zahrtmann, Christian Christopher. Danish Admiral and 
 
 Hydrographer i794^ 1853 
 
 Zajonczek, Joseph. Polish Prince and General 1752. .1826 
 
 Zaleucus. Locrian Legislator fl. b.c. 500? 
 
 Zaluski, Andrew Chrysostom. Polish Statesm. & Writer 1650''. 1711 
 
 Zaluski, Joseph Andrew. Polish Book Collector 1701 . .1774 
 
 Zambeccari, Francis, Count. Italian Aeronaut 1756. . 1812 
 
 Zamoyski, Andrew. Polish Statesman 1716, .1792 
 
 Zamoyski, John. Polish Commander 1626. . 1665 
 
 Zamoyski, or Zamoscius, John Sarius. Grand Chancel- 
 lor of Poland. Life by Bursitis ; Moslowski 1541 • • 1605 
 
 Zampieri, Dominic. Domenichino. Italian Painter 1581 . .1641 
 
 Zanchi, Basil. Italian Latin Poet 1501?. 1558 
 
 Zauchi, Jerome. Italian Reformer. Life hy Gallizoli. . . 1516. .1590 
 Zanchi, John Chrysostom. Hist. {DeOrobiorumOrigine) 1490?. 1566 
 Zanichelli, John Jerome. Italian Physician and Natural 
 
 Philosopher 1662. . 1729 
 
 Zanoni, James. Physician and Botanist of Bologna 1615. .1682 
 
 Zanotti, Francis Mary Cavazzoni. Italian Mathemati- 
 cian and Philosopher 1692. . 1777 
 
 Zanotti, John Peter Cavazzoni, br. Painter and Poet . . 1674. .1765 
 
 Zanzalus, Jacob. Baradceus. Syrian Monk — • • 578 
 
 Zapolya. Hungarian Soldier — . . 1499 
 
 Zappi, John Baptist Felix. Italian Lawyer and Poet . . . 1667. . 1719 
 Zarate, Augustine de. Span. Historian. ' ( Conq. of Peru) 1500? . 1558 
 
 Zarco, John Gonzales. Portuguese Navigator fl. 1420 
 
 Zarlino, Joseph. Italian Composer 1520. .1599 
 
 Zazius, or Zasius, Ulric. Professor at Fribur^. Jurist . 1461 . , 1535 
 Zea, Francis Anthony. Statesman of Colombia 1770- • 1822 
 
440 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Zechariah. Prophet of Judah fl. b.c. 520? 
 
 Zedekiah, sonof Josiah. K. of Judah (b. c. 597-586) 6i8.aft.586B.c. 
 
 Zedlitz, Joseph Christian, Baron. German Poet 1786'. 1862 
 
 Zeeman, Remigius. Dutch Marine Painter 161 2. . — 
 
 Zegedin, Stephen.. Protestant Reformer in Hungary. . . 1505. .1572 
 Zegers, or Segers, Hercules. Dutch Landscape Painter 
 
 and Etcher 1629. . 1675 
 
 Zeiller, Martin. German Topographer 1589. . 1661 
 
 Zeisberger, David. Moravian Missionary 1721 . . 1808 
 
 Zelotti, John Baptist. Italian Painter 1532. . 1592 
 
 Zelter, Charles Frederick. German Composer 1758.. 1832 
 
 Zendrini, Bernard. Italian Mathematician 1679. .1747 
 
 Zeno, of Elea. Greek Philosopher 5th c. b.c. 
 
 Zeno. Founder of the Stoic School of Philosophy 362?. 264 b.c. 
 
 Zeno. haurian. Roman Emperor of the East (474-91). . 426'. 491 
 
 Zeno, Anthony, brother and companion of Nicholas — . . 1405? 
 
 Zeno, Apostolo. Italian Poet and Historical Writer .... 1668. .1750 
 
 Zeno, Caterino. Venetian Ambassador to Persia fl. 1472 
 
 Zeno, Charles. Admiral of Venice. Life by James Zeno 1334?. 1418 
 
 Zeno, James. Italian Orator 1417- • 1481 
 
 Zeno, Nicholas. Venetian Traveler — . . 1395 ? 
 
 Zeno, Nicholas. Biographer of the Zeni 1515- -1565 
 
 Zeno, Peter Caterino. Venetian Writer 1666. .1732 
 
 Zenobia, Septimia. Queen of Palmyra (266-73) — aft.274 
 
 Zephaniah. Hebrew Prophet fl. 630-624 b.c. 
 
 Zephyrinus. Bishop of Rome (197-217) — . . 217 
 
 Zerbi, Gabriel, of Verona. Anatomist fl. 1505 
 
 Zeunius, John Charles. Grammarian 1736. .1788 
 
 Zeuxis. Greek Painter. Life by Carlo Dati 450-'. 400"* b.c. 
 
 ZhukoflFsky, Vasili Andreevitch. Russian Poet '^7^2,- • 1852 
 
 Ziani, Sebastian. Doge; Embellisher of Venice — • .1179 
 
 Ziegenbalg, Bartholomew. Ger. Protestant Missionary. 1683. .1719 
 Ziegler, Bernard. German Theologian of the Reformation 1496. .1552 
 Ziegler, Frederick William. German Actor and Dramatist 1760 . . 1827 
 
 Ziegler, Gaspar. German Jurist 1621 . . 1690 
 
 Ziegler, James. German Mathematician and Divine. . . . 1480?. 1549 
 Ziethen, John Ernest Charles, Ct. Prussian Field Marshal 1 7 70 . . 1 848 
 
 Ziethen, John Joachim von. Prussian General 1699. .1786 
 
 Zimmermann, Eberhard Augustus William. German 
 
 Naturalist I743- .1815 
 
 Zimmermann, Ernest. Ger. Theologian. L. by his brother 1786. .1832 
 Zimmermann, John George von^. Swiss Physician and 
 
 Philosopher. Life by Tissot 1728. .1795 
 
 Zimmermann, Matthias. Protestant Divine at Meissen 1625 . . 1689 
 
 Zimri. King of Israel (929) — b.c. 929 
 
 Zincke, Christian Frederick, German Painter in Enamel 1684''. 1767 
 Zingarelli, Nicholas Anthony. Italian Musical Composer 1752.. 1837 
 
 Zingg, Adrian. Swiss Draughtsman and Engraver i734- • 1816 
 
 Zinn, John Godfrey. German Anatomist and Botanist. . 1727. .1759 
 Zinzendorf, Nicholas Louis, Count von. Moravian. Life 
 
 by Spangenberg, 1778, tr. by Samuel Jackson, 1838 . . 1700. . 1760 
 Ziska, or Zizka, of Trocznow, John. Hussite Leader . . . 1360?. 1424 
 
 Zizim, or Djem. Turkish Prince i459- -1495 
 
 Zobell, Benjamin. German Artist 1762. . 1831 
 
 Zoe. Carbincfpsma. Empressof theEastjWife ofLeo VI. — . . 919 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 441 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Zoe. Empress of the East, wife of Romanus III 982? . 1050 
 
 Zoega, George. Danish Archaeologist i755 • • 1809 
 
 Zoest, Gerard. See Zoust 1637 . . 1681 
 
 Zoffany, Jol\n, R. a. German Portrait Painter in England 1735 . . 1810 
 
 ZoUus. Greek Critic fl. 366'''-336? B.C. 
 
 ZollicoflFer, Felix K. " Confederate " General . ,. 1812 . . 1862 
 
 Zollikofer, George Joachim. Swiss Divine i730- .1788 
 
 Zonaras, John. Byzantine Historian and Theologian . . fl. 1120? 
 Zonca, Victor. Ital. Mathem. {Novo Teatro di Machini) 1^80^ . — 
 Zoppo, Mark. Italian Historical and Portrait Painter . . 1451 . . 1517 
 
 Zosiraus. Greek Historian fl. 400^ 
 
 Zosimus. Pope (417-18) — . . 418 
 
 Zouch, Richard, ll. d. Jurist at Oxford 1590''. 1660 
 
 Zouch, Thomas, d. d. Divine and Biographer 'i737- -1815 
 
 Zoust, or Zoest, Gerard. Ger. Portrait Painter in London 1637. . 1681 
 
 Zrinyi, Miklos, Count. Hungarian General 1518. .1566 
 
 Zrinyi, Nicholas. Hungarian Poet fl. i7thc. 
 
 Zschokke, John Henry Daniel. German Writer. {Stun- 
 
 den der Andacht.) Life by self 1771 . . 1848 
 
 Zuccarelli, Francis, R. A. Italian Landscape Painter . . . 1702. .1788 
 
 Zuccaro, or Zucchero, Frederick. Italian Painter i543- • 1609 
 
 Zuccaro, or Zucchero, Thaddeus, brother. Painter 1529. .1566 
 
 ZuGchi, Anthony. Italian Painter 1726. .1795 
 
 Zuinglius. Swiss Reformer. See Zwingli 1484. .1531 
 
 Zumala-Carreguy, Thomas. Spanish Carlist General . . 1789.. 1835 
 
 Zumbo, Gaetano Julius. Sicilian Modeler in Wax 1656. .1701 
 
 Zumpt, Chas. Gottlob. Ger. Philologist. {Latin Gram.) 1792. .1858 
 
 Zurbaran, Francis. Spanish Painter 1598. . 1662 
 
 Zxirita, Jerome. Spanish Historian 1512. .1581 
 
 Zurlauben, B^at-Fidele Anthony John Dominic, Baron 
 
 de La Tour-Chatillon de. Swiss Officer and Writer. . 1720. -1795 
 
 Zurlo, Joseph, Count. Italian Statesman. . . _. 1759. .1828 
 
 Zwicker, Daniel. Socinian. (Irenicon Irenicorum) .... 161 2. . 1678 
 
 Zwinger, Theodore, sen. ( Theatrum Vitce Humanm) i533- • 1588 
 
 Zwinger, Theodore, jun. ( Theatrum Botanicum) 1658. .1724 
 
 Zwingli, or Zuinglius, Ulric. Swiss Reformer and Pa- 
 triot. Life by J. G. Hess, tr. by Lucy Aikin ; J. J. 
 Hottinger, tr. by T. C Porter; N. Christoflfel, 1847. . . 1484. .1531 
 
 Zwirner, Ernest Frederick. German Architect 1802. . 1861 
 
 Zylius, Otho. Dutch Jesuit. {Lives (^the Saints) 1568. . 1655 
 
 Zypaeus, or Van den Zype, Francis. Dutch Jurist 1578. • 1650 
 
 ZypsBus, Henry, brother. Abbot. {Gregorim Magnus) 1^77. .i6s9 
 
442 A BRffiF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 • — • — 
 
 A. 
 
 BORN. MBD. 
 
 Aaron. First High Priest of the Jews 1574. 1451 b.c. 
 
 Abercromby, David, M. D. Medical and Miscel. Writer — ..1701 
 
 Abert, John J. American Engineer 1790. .1863 
 
 Abijah. King of Judah (b. c. 958-955) — B.c.955 
 
 Abner. Captain of Saul, King of Israel — B.C. 1048 
 
 Abraham. Patriarch. 1996. 1821 b.c. 
 
 Absalom, son of David, King of Israel — B.c.1021 
 
 Acton, Charles Januarius Edward. English Cardinal. . . 1803. .1847 
 Acworth, George, ll. d. Civilian and Controversialist — .-1577^ 
 
 Adams, Clement. Author of Travels 1519- -1587 
 
 Adams, Daniel, m. d. Author of School Text-books — . . 1863 
 
 Adams, Richard. Poet — . , 1661 
 
 Adamson, John. Author 1787. . 1855 
 
 Addison, John, d. d. Roman CathoUc Writer fl. 1538 
 
 Ade, Charles. Antiquary and Artist — . . 1858 
 
 Ahab. King of Israel (b. c. 918-897) — B.c.897 
 
 Ahaz. King of Judah (b. c. 742-726) — B.c.726 
 
 Ahaziah, son of Ahab. King of Israel (b. c. 897-896). . — B.c.896 
 Ahaziab, son of Jehoram. King of Judah (b.c 885-884 ) 926 . 884 b.c. 
 
 Aikins, Arthur. Scientist and Writer 1773. -1854 
 
 Aldini, John. Italian Experimental Philosopher 1762. . 1834 
 
 Alexander, James Waddell, d. d, American Scholar 
 
 and Writer 1804 . . 1859 
 
 Alexander, Joseph Addison, d. d., br. Div. and Linguist 1809. . i860 
 Alkmar, Henry van. German Writer. {Eeineke deVoss) 5.1475-'' 
 Allen, David Oliver. American Missionary and Writer. . 1800. . 1863 
 Allen, or Aleri, Edmund. Bp. elect of Rochester. Theol. — ••i559 
 
 Allen, John. Bibliographer — . . 1831 
 
 Allot, Wm. Rom. Cath. Divine. { Thesaurus Bibliorum) — ..1590? 
 
 Amaziah. King of Judah (b. c. 839-810) 863.810 b.c. 
 
 Ammen, Frederick Augustus von. Ger. Medical Writer 1799. .1861 
 
 Amon. King of Judah (b. c. 643-641) 665 .641 b.c. 
 
 Amos. Prophet of Israel fl. b.c. 787 
 
 Amyot, Thomas. Treas. Soc. Antiq. (Life of Windham) 1775 . . 1850 
 Ancelot, James Ars6ne Francis Polycarp. Fr. Dramatist 1794. .1854 
 
 Anderson, George B. " Confederate " General 1834''. 1862 
 
 Andral, Gabriel. French Phj^sician 1797. • 1853 
 
 Angell, Joseph Kinnicutt. American Law Writer I794- -1857 
 
 AngoulSme, Louis Anthony de Bourbon, Due d', son of 
 
 Charles X i775 • • 1844 
 
 Angus, Caleb. Agriculturist and Writer on Free Trade 1782. .i860 
 Anlaby, William. Roman Catholic Missionary ; martyred — ••^597 
 
 Annesley, Alexander. Legal and Political Writer — ..1813 
 
 Antinori, Vincent, of Florence. Scholar — . .1865 
 
 Appleton, Nathan. American Merchant i779- • ^^^^ 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 443 
 
 BORN. DISD. 
 
 Arago, James Stephen Victor. Fr. Journalist and Author 1 790 . . 1055 
 Arcano, Mauro d'. II Mauro. Italian Burlesque Poet. . 1490''. 1536 
 Argentine, Richard, M. D. Sexten. Rom. Cath. Writer — . .1568 
 
 Arjona, Manuel de. Spanish Ecclesiastic and Poet 1761 . . 1820 
 
 ArlincoTirt, Victor, Viscount d'. Fr. Poet and Novelist 1789. .1856 
 Armansperg, Joseph Louis, Count von. Ger. Statesman 1787. . 1853 
 
 Armellini, Charles. Italian Patriot ^776- ■ 1863 
 
 Armistead, Lewis A. " Confederate " General — . . 1863 
 
 Arnott, Dr. Archibald. Scotch Physician 1771 . . 1855 
 
 Arrowsmith, Edmund. Jesuit ; executed — . . 1628 
 
 Ashby, Turner. " Confederate " General 1824?. 1862 
 
 Ashe, Thomas. Captain Ashe. Author of Travels — ••^^35 
 
 Asplin, Rev. William. Theologian. (Alkibla) — .•1758 
 
 Assarotti, Octavius John Bapt. Teacher of Deaf & Dumb 1735 . . 1829 
 
 Aster, Ernest Louis. German General 1778. . 1855 
 
 Aston, William. Jesuit. Writer — ..1800 
 
 Athaliah. Usurping Queen of Judah — B.c.878 
 
 Athanagildus. Gothic King in Spain — . . 567 
 
 Atherton, Charles Gordon. American Politician 1804. .1853 
 
 Attierton, John. Bishop of Waterford; executed — . . 164c 
 
 Attains I. King of Pergamus (b. c. 2-41-197) 268?. 197 b.c. 
 
 Attains II. (b. c. 159-138.)* PhiladeJphus 220 . 138 B.C. 
 
 Attains III. (B. c. 138-133.) Philometor — B.C. 133 
 
 Atterborn, Peter Daniel Amadeus. Swedish Poet 1790 . . 1855 
 
 Audley, Mervyn, Lord, and Earl of Castlehaven ; executed — . . 1631 
 Auenbrugger von Anenbmg, Leopold. Physician at 
 
 Vienna. Inventor of Percussion 1722. . 1809 
 
 Auffenberg, Joseph von, Baron. German Dramatist. . . 1798. .1857 
 Aufrere, Anthony. Miscellaneous Writer and Translator 1 756'' . 1833 
 
 Augnr, Hezekiah. American Sculptor 1791 . . 1858 
 
 August!, Christian John William. German Theologian 1771..1841 
 Aust, Mrs. Sarah (formerly Murray). ( Guide to the Lakes) — . . 181 1 
 Austin, John. Jurist. {Province of Jurisprudence) .... I'/gy. .1S60 
 Avempace, or Ibn-Bajja. Spanish Arabian Philosopher — ..1138? 
 
 Avenbrugger, or Auenbrugger, wfdch see 1722. . 1809 
 
 Avenzohar, Abumeron. Arabian Physician in Spain. . . 1072?.! 162 
 Avenzohar, Alhafid, son. Arabian Physician in Spain. , 1114. .1199 
 Avicebron, or Solomon ben Gebirol. Jewish Philosopher fl. i ith c. 
 
 Ayrton, William. Writer on Music 1777.. 1858 
 
 Azals, Peter Hyacinth. French Philosopher 1766. . 1845 
 
 Azeglio, Massimo Taparella d', Marquis. Italian States- 
 man, Author, and Artist 1798. . 1866 
 
 B. 
 
 Baasha. King of Israel (b. c. 953-930) — B.c.930 
 
 Baclie, Franklin, m. d. American Physician, Savant, 
 
 and Author 1792. .1864 
 
 Bacon, Francis, Viscount St. Alban's. Life by Anon. 1626 
 (reprinted in Harl. Misc.) ; Rawley, 1657 ; R. Stephens, 
 1736; Mallet, 1740 (also in German and French); 
 Pouillot, 1755 ; Anon. 1787; Bertin, 1788; Courtier, 
 1803 ; Montagu, 1834 ; Ozanam, 1835 ; Macaulay, 1837 ; 
 Wilhelmy, 1843; Craik, 1846; Sortain, 1851; M. Na- 
 
444 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 pier, 1853; Campbell, 1853; Remusat, 1857; Sped- 
 
 ding, 1861; Dixon, 1861, enlarged, 1862 1561 . .1626 
 
 Bacon, Nathaniel. Insurrectionary Leader in Virginia 
 
 (1675-77) 1630 . . 1677 
 
 Bagby, Arthur P. American Statesman i794- • i^S^ 
 
 Bagot, Richard. Bishop of Oxford 1782. . 1854 
 
 Bailey, Gamaliel. American Journalist 1807. .1859 
 
 Bailey, Jacob Whitman. American Microscopist and 
 
 Algologist 1806 . . 1857 
 
 Balfour, Rev. Walter. Universalist Writer 1776. . 1852 
 
 Ballou, Hosea, 2d, d. d. Divine and Writer — . . i86i 
 
 Bangs, Nathan, d. d. Methodist Writer 1788. . 1862 
 
 Barker, James N. American Writer — . . 1858 
 
 Barksdale, William. " Confederate " General 1821 . . 1863 
 
 Barron, James. American Naval Officer — . . 1851 
 
 Bascom, Henry Bidleman, D. d. Amer. Divine & Writer 1796. . 1850 
 Batthyanyl, Casimir, Count. Hungarian Statesman . . . 1807. .1854 
 Bauer, Bruno. German Theologian and Metaphysician — ..1809 
 Baur, Ferdinand Christian. German Church Historian. . — . .1791 
 Baur, George Lawrence. German Theologian. {Herme- 
 
 neutica bacra) 1755 . . 1806 
 
 Bayard, George D. American General! — . . 1862 
 
 Beaufort, Henry Somerset, Duke of. Soldier in Penin- 
 sular War 1792. . 1854 
 
 Beck, Charles. American Scholar and Writer 1798. . 1866 
 
 Beck, John Brodhead. American Physician i794- • 1851 
 
 Beck, Lewis C American Naturalist 1800. . 1853 
 
 Beck, Theodore Roraeyn, m. d. Amer. Medical Writer i79i,.i855 
 
 Beckwith, John Charles. Major-General 1790- • 1862 
 
 Bee, Barnard E. " Confederate " General — . . 1861 
 
 Benavides. Chilian General — . . 1823 
 
 Benjamin, Park. American Editor and Poet 1809. . 1864 
 
 Bennett, William. Bp. of Cloyne.' Scholar and Archseol. 1745 • • ^^^o 
 
 B6nton, Thomas Hart. American Statesman 1782. . 1858 
 
 Berrien, John Macpherson. Amer. Lawyer and Statesm. 1781 . . 1856 
 
 Berry, Miss Mary. Friend of Horace Walpole 1763''. 1852 
 
 Berthold, Arnold Adolphus. German Naturalist 1803. . 1861 
 
 Bibb, George M. American Jurist and Statesman 1772. . 1859 
 
 Biel, Gabriel. German Theologian and Philosopher — . . 1495 
 
 Bienville, John Baptist Lemoine, Sieur de. Second Co- 
 lonial Governor of Louisiana 1680. .1768 
 
 Bird, Rev. Charles Smith. Controversialist 1795 • • ^^^^ 
 
 Bird, Robert M., m. d. American Writer 1803. . 1854 
 
 Bimey, David Bell. American General 1825 . . 1864 
 
 Birt, John Baptist. French Savant i774- • 1862 
 
 Bixby, Thomas. Classical Scholar and Book Collector. . 1799. . 1863 
 Blackford, Isaac. American Jurist and Law Writer. ... — . .1859 
 Blake, Rev. John Lauris, d. d. Writer. {Biogr. Diet.) 1788. .1857 
 Blanchard,. Thomas. American Mechanic and Inventor 1788. .1864 
 
 Blenker, Louis. American General 1812 . . 1863 
 
 Bodisco, Alexander. Russian Diplomatist i779- • 1854 
 
 Bohlen, Henry. American General — . . 1862 
 
 Boole, George'. Professor. Mathem. and Metaphysician 1819?. 1864 
 
 Borland, Solon. " Confederate " General — . . 1864 
 
 Bourdon, Peter Louis Mary. French Mathematician ... 1 799 •• 1854 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 445 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Bowen, John S. " Confederate " General — . . 1863 
 
 Bowes, Andrew Robinson Stoney, m. p. Husband of 
 
 Countess of Strathmore. Life by Jesse Foot 1745 .. 18 10 
 
 Boyd, James. Classical and General Editor 1795 • -1856 
 
 Brady, Hugh. American Military Officer 1768. .1851 
 
 Brancaleone, Dandolo. Senator of Rome — , . 1258 
 
 Branch, Lawrence O'Brien. " Confederate" General . . 1820. .1862 
 
 Brande, William Thomas. Chemist 1780. . 1866 
 
 Bravo, Nicholas. Mexican General and Statesman 1792. .1854 
 
 Braybrooke, Richard Neville Griffin, Third Lord. An- 
 tiquary. ( History ofAudley End ; Evelyn's Memoirs) . . 1 783 . . 1858 
 
 Bremer, Miss Frederika. Swedish Novelist 1802. .1865 
 
 Bright, Edmund, of Maiden. Noted for weight, 616 lbs. 1721 . .1750 
 Briot, Peter Francis, of Besan9on. Phys. Medical Writer 1773''. 1826 
 Brockedon, William. Author, Artist, and Inventor. . . . 1787. . 1854 
 
 Brockett, John Trotter. Antiquary 1788. . 1842 
 
 Broderick, David Colbreth. American Politician 1819. . 1859 
 
 Bromme, Traugott. German Geographer 1771''. 1865 
 
 Brooke, George M. American General — . . 1851 
 
 Brooks, Preston S. American Politician 1819. . 1857 
 
 BrOwn, Sir George. General; distinguished in Crimea. . 1790.. 1865 
 
 Brown, Goold. American Grammarian 1791 . . 1857 
 
 Brown, Dr. Samuel, of Edinb. Chemical Theorist; Poet 181 7. .1856 
 Brown, Sir William. Merchant and Philanthropist .... 1784. .1864 
 Brownell, Rt. Rev. Thomas Church. American Theolo- 
 gian and Educator 1779 . . 1865 
 
 Bruat, Armand Joseph. French Admiral 1796. . 1855 
 
 Bruce, Archibald, m. d. Amer. Physician & Mineralogist 1777 . . 1818 
 
 Bruck, Baron de. Austrian Financier i799- • i860 
 
 Buchan, Peter. Scottish Antiquary — . . 1854 
 
 Buckingham, Joseph Tinker. American Journalist. . . . 1799. . i86i 
 
 Buford, John. American Cavalry Officer 1825 . . 1863 
 
 Bullions, Rev. Peter, d. d. Amer. Educator and Author 1791 . . 1864 
 Bvirgeoise, Sir Francis, R. A. Painter. Founder of Dul- 
 
 wich Gallery — ..1811 
 
 Burges, Tristam. American Statesman 1770. . 1853 
 
 Burnap, Rev. George Washington. Amer. Theol. Writer 1802. . 1859 
 Burton, William Evans. Comedian. ( Cyclqpcedia of 
 
 Wit and Humor) 1804 . . i860 
 
 Bury, Lady Charlotte. Novelist i775 • .1861 
 
 Bush, George. American Theologian 1796. .1859 
 
 Bustamente, Anastasius. Mexican Soldier and Statesm. 1782. .1851 
 Bute, John Stuart, Fourth Earl and First Marquess of. . . 1744. .1814 
 Butler, Andrew Pickens. Amer. Lawyer and Politician 1796. .1857 
 Butler, Benjamin F. American Lawyer and Statesman — ..1858 
 Byron, Lady Noel. Wife of Lord Byron ^793- ■ i860 
 
 Caldwell, Charles, m. d. Medical and Miscel. Writer 1772. .1853 
 
 Calvin, John. Life by Beza, 1564 (also in Latin and 
 
 German) ; Bolsec, 1572 (also in German ) ; J. P. Masson, 
 
 1598; Ziegenbein, 1789-90; Tischer, 1794 ; Mackenzie, 
 
 1809; Henry, 1835, enlarged and rewritten, 1846 (also 
 
446 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 in English and Dutch); Audin, 1840 (also in German 
 and Italian); Haag, 1840; Guizot, 1844; Dyer, 1849; 
 
 Strahelin, 1863 ; Bungener ; 1509- • 1564 
 
 Cajneron, Dr. Archibald. Scottish Jacobite ; executed. . 1698. .1753 
 Cameron, James, of Lochiel, brother. Scottish Jacobite 1696. .1758 
 
 Carbuccia, Gen. French Archaeologist — . . 1854 
 
 Carey, John L. American Political Economist — . . 1852 
 
 Carnwath, Robert Dalziel, Sixth Earl of. Scot. Jacobite 1673. -1726 
 
 Caroll, Sir William Farebrother. Naval Officer 1785 . . 1862 
 
 Cartwright, Rev. Edmund, F.s. A. Topographer. (Sussex) 1777.. 18^3 
 Caulfleld, James, Earl of Charlemont. Life by Francis 
 
 Hardy, 1810 1728. .1799 
 
 Cavendish, Elizabeth Hardwicke, Lady 1519. • 1608 
 
 Cavendish, George. Usher and Biographer of Wolsey 1500?. 1562? 
 Cervantes. Spanish Novelist. {D071 Quixote.) Life by 
 Mayans y Siscar, 1737, Englished by Ozell, 1738 ; Sar- 
 miento ; J. de Iriarte ; Montiano y Luyando ; J. M. de 
 Flores; V. de Los Rios, 1780; Claris de Florian, 1785 ^ 
 Pellicer, 1778, enlarged 1798; Jarvis, 1801; Merimee, 
 1806; Fernandez de Navarrete, 1819; Auger, 1825; 
 Filleau Saint-Martin, 1825; Roscoe, 1839; Aribau, 
 
 1849; Finlay 1547. .1616 
 
 Cesare, Joseph. Italian Historian 1783. .1856 
 
 Chandos, John Brydges, created Duke of 1673. • ^744 
 
 Charles, Thomas, of Bala. Methodist Minister. Life by 
 
 Morgan i755- .1814 
 
 Charlon, John James. Painter — . . 1854 
 
 Chetham-Strode, Sir Edward. Admiral i775 • • 1862 
 
 Chickering, Jesse. American Statistician 1798. . 1855 
 
 Christopher I. King of Denmark — . . 1259 
 
 Christopher II 1276. . 1333 
 
 Christopher III. Of Bavaria — . . 1448 
 
 Christy, Henry. Antiquary 1810, . 1865 
 
 Chrzanowski, Adalbert. PoUsh General 1789. .1861 
 
 Clare. See Strongbow. 
 
 Clayton, John, of London. Dissenting Minister 1780?. 1865 
 
 Clebvirne, Patrick R. " Confederate " General 1828. . 1864 
 
 Cocke, Philip St. George. " Confederate " General — . . 1861 
 
 Cockerell, Charles Robert, r. a. Architect 1788. . 1863 
 
 Cockton, Henry. Writer. ( Valentine Vox) 1808. , 1853 
 
 Colborne, Sir John, Lord Seaton. Field Marshal. Gov- 
 ernor-General of Canada 1779.. 1863 
 
 Colburn, Henry. Publisher — . . 1855 
 
 Combe, Harvey Christian, m. p. Politician and Founder 
 
 of Brewery" 1752.. 1818 
 
 Corabermere, Sir Stapleton Stapleton Cotton, Viscount. 
 
 Field Marshal i773- • 1865 
 
 Comer, Thomas. Actor and Musician 1 790 . . 1862 
 
 Conant, H. C. American Authoress 1810 . . 1865 
 
 Coningsby, Thomas, First Lord. Politician 1650 '^ 1729 
 
 Connel, Sir John. Advocate. {Law of Scotland on Tithes) — ..1831 
 
 Connor, Charles. Comedian — . . 1826 
 
 Cook, Henry F. " Confederate " General — . . 1863 
 
 Cook, John, D. D. Scottish Professor of Divinity 1771 . . 1824 
 
 Cook, Rev. Russell S. American Clergyman . .". 1811 . . 1864 
 
 I 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 447 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Cooke, George Wingrove. Biographer and Historian. . . 1814. . 1865 
 
 Cooper, Bransbj". Surgeon 1792 . . 1853 
 
 Cooper, Thomas Abthrope. Actor 1776. . 1849 
 
 Costello, Dudley. Author and Journalist 1803?. 1865 
 
 Coster, Francis. Malleus Hcereticorum. Belgian Theol. 1531..1691 
 Cottenham, Charles Christopher Pepys, Earl of. Lord 
 
 High Chancellor 1781. .1851 
 
 Cotton, Sir Stapleton Stapleton, G. c. b., Viscount Com- 
 
 bermere. Field Marshal i773- • 1865 
 
 Coxe, Richard Charles, Archdeacon of Lindisfarne^ Di- 
 vine and Poet i799- • 1865 
 
 Cradock, Joseph, f. s. a. {Literary Memoirs) 1741 or 2. 1826 
 
 Craggs, James. Politician — . .1720 
 
 Craven, Tunis Augustus Macdonough. American Naval 
 
 Commander — . . 1864 
 
 Crockford, William. Originator of Crockford's Club. . . 1775 ''.1844 
 Cromartie, George Mackenzie, Earl of. Scottish Jacobite 1710. .1759 
 Crosby, Sir John. Alderman. Builder of Crosby Place — . . 1475 
 
 Crowe, Rev. Frederick. Writer — . . 1858 
 
 Cuming, Hugh. Conchologist 1791?. 1865 
 
 Ctinningham, Rev. Francis, of Harrow. Divine 1785''. 1863 
 
 Curtis, Dr. Thomas. Editor of Encychpcedia Metrqpoli- 
 
 iana and London Encyclopoedia 1788. . 1859 
 
 D. 
 
 Dahlgren, Colonel Ulric. American Military OflScer. . . 1842. .1864 
 
 Danby, John. Musical Composer — , .1798 
 
 Dandolo, Ct. Emilio. Ital. Patriot, Soldier, and Litterateur — . . 1859 
 
 DanieL Hebrew Prophet fl. B.C. 607-534 
 
 Daniel, William Francis. Naturalist 18 18 -'.1865 
 
 Daniels, John M. American Editor — . . 1865 
 
 Dante degli Alighieri. Life by Filelfo, MS. until 1828 ; 
 Villani, MS. until 1826 ; Boccaccio, 1544; Panchiatichi, 
 1576 ; Bruno Aretino, 1672 ; Manetti, 1747 ; Pelli, 1759 ; 
 Chabanon, 1773 ; Fabroni, 1803 ; Cesare, 1811 ; Petroni, 
 1816 ; Orelli, 1822 ; Gamba, 1825 ; Blanc, 1834; Fauriel, • 
 1834; Balbo, 1839, and Engl. 1852; Missirini, 1840; 
 Savelli, 1841 ; Artaud de Montor, 1841 ; Torri, 1843 ; 
 
 Wegele, 1852 ; V^ricour, 1858 1265 . . 1321 
 
 Darley, William. American Geographer and Statistician 1775 . . 1854 
 Darling, James. London Publisher and Bibliographer. 
 
 ( Cyclopcedia Bibliographica) i797- • 1862 
 
 Dartmouth, George Legge, First Baron. Admiral 1648. . 1691 
 
 Dartmouth, George Legge, Earl. Statesman i755 • • ^^lo 
 
 Daubeny, Charles. Archdeacon of Sarum. {Guide to 
 
 the Church) 1 744 . . 1827 
 
 Davies, Thomas Stephens. Mathematician I794''' 1851 
 
 Davison, John, B. D. Theol. {Blscourses on Prophecy) 1777. .18^4 
 Dearborn, Henry Alexander Scammell. Amer. Writer 1783.. 1851 
 
 De Haven, Edwin J. American Arctic Voyager 1819.. 1865 
 
 Dembinski, Henry. Polish General 1 79i • • 1864 
 
 Devrient, Wilhelmina Schroeder. Ger. Singer and Actor 1805 . . i860 
 Dieudonn6, Dr., of Brussels. Medical Writer 1811 ? . 1865 
 
448 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 DxQwyn, Lewis W. Welsh Naturalist 1778 .. 1855 
 
 Djelal-eddyn Roumi. Persian Mystic Poet "95 • 1262 or 71 
 
 Dod, Captain Robert Pliipps. Peerage Compiler — . . 1864 
 
 Donoughmore, John Hely Hutchinson, Earl of. General 1757. .1832 
 Donoughmore, Richard Hely Hutchinson, Earl of. Sol- 
 dier and Statesman 1756. . 1825 
 
 Dubellay du Resnel, John Francis. French Writer . . . 1692. .1761 
 
 Duggan, Peter Paul. American Artist — . . 1861 
 
 Dupin, Andrew Mary John James. French Jurist and . 
 
 Statesman. . .» 1783. .1865 
 
 Dupont, Samuel Francis. Rear-Adrairal U. S. Navy. . . 1803. .1865 
 Dwight, Rev. Harrison Gray Otis. American Missionarj"- 
 
 and Writer 1803 . . 1862 
 
 Dwight, Mary Anne. {Mythology) 1806. . 1858 
 
 E. 
 
 Saton, Amos. American Botanist •. 1776''. 1842 
 
 Edwin. English Earl ; brother of Morcar — . . 1071 
 
 Eglinton, Archibald William, Earl of. Lord Lieutenant 
 
 of Ireland 1812 . . 1861 
 
 Elah. Kingof Israel (B.C. 930-929) — B.c.929 
 
 Eli. High Priest and Judge of Israel fi. B.C. 1171 
 
 Eligius, or Eloy, St. Bishop of Tournay and Noyon . . . 588. . 659 
 
 Elijah. Prophet of Israel fl b.c. 910-896 
 
 Elizabeth. Princess; daughter of Charles 1 1635 . . 1650 
 
 Ellet, Charles. American Engineer 1810 . . 1862 
 
 EUice, Edward, m. p. Politician 1789. .1863 
 
 EUiott, SiT Gilbert, cr. Earl Minto. Gov.-Gen. of Bengal 1751. .1814 
 Ellis, John Willis. Governor of North Carolina ; Promi- 
 nent Secessionist 1820. . 1861 
 
 Ellis, Rev. Robert Leslie, of Cambridge. Mathematician 
 
 and Philosopher 1817. .1859 
 
 Ellis, Welbore, created Lord Mendip. Politician 1714. .1802 
 
 Ellsworth, Ephraim Elmer. American Military Officer 1837. .1861 
 
 Elmes, James. Architect and Author 1783. . 1862 
 
 Eloy, or Eligius, St. Bishop of Tournay and Noyon. ... 588. . 659 
 
 Evans, Arthur Benoni. Classical Scholar; Writer 1781 . . 1855 
 
 Eyre, Sir William. Major-General — . . 1859 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairbanks, Erastus. Amer. Manufacturer and Statesm. 1792. .1864 
 Parnham, Mrs. Eliza W. Amer. Philanthr. and Writer 1815 . . 1864 
 
 Field, George. Chemist and Writer — . . 1854 
 
 Fisher, Redwood. American Journalist, Political Econo- 
 mist, and Statistician 1 783 . . 1856 
 
 Floyd, John Buchanan. American Politician and Seces- 
 sionist ; " Confederate " General 1805 . . 1863 
 
 Flusser, Charles W. American Naval Officer 1832?. 1864 
 
 Forrest, Robert. Scottish Sculptor. — . . 1853 
 
 Pourdrinier, Henry. Inventor 1766 . . 1855 
 
 Francis, Rev. Convers, d. d. Amer. Theol. and Writer 1796. .1863 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 449 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Frost, John. Compiler of School Books 1800. . 1859 
 
 Pry, Joseph Reese. Scholar and Musical Writer — . .1865 
 
 G. 
 
 Gardner, William. Writer on Music and Art 1764. . 1854 
 
 Garnett, Richard B. " Confederate " General — . . 1863 
 
 Garnett, Robert Selden. " Confederate " General 1822. .x86i 
 
 Gibson, John. Sculptor 1791 • • 1866 
 
 Goodrich, Rev. Charles A. American Writer 1790. . 1862 
 
 Goodyear, Charles. American Inventor 1800. . i860 
 
 Graul, Charles. German Scholar and Writer — . . 1864 
 
 Gray, Francis Calley. American Scholar and Writer . . . 1790. . 1856 
 Grayson, John Breckinridge. "Confederate" General. 1807.. 1862 
 
 Green, Thomas J. " Confederate " General 1801 . . 1863 
 
 Greenough, George Bellas. Geol. and Physical Geog. 1777.. 1854 
 
 Gregg, John. " Confederate " General 1828. . 1864 
 
 Gregory, Dr. William. Chem. and Writer on Chemistry — . . 1858 
 
 Griffin, George. American Theological Writer ^77^- .i860 
 
 Grimm, Louis Emilius. German Engraver 1790. . 1863 
 
 Grund, Francis J. American Writer 1803? . 1863 
 
 Gunnison, J. W. American Topographical Engineer ... — . . 1853 
 
 Gurney, Rev. John Hampden. Writer 1802. . 1862 
 
 Gwinn, William. American Naval Otficer 1831 . . 1863 
 
 H. 
 
 Hackleman, Pleasant A. American General — . . 1862 
 
 Halbertsma, Hilde J. Anatomist and Physiologist 1820. . 1865 
 
 Hale, Benjamin, D. D. American Writer i797- • 1863 
 
 Hall, Baynard, d. d. American Writer and Educator. . . 1798. . 1863 
 
 Hallett, Benjamin F. American Politician 1798. . 1862 
 
 Hammond, Jabez D. Amer. Lawyer, Legislator, & Auth. — . . 1855 
 
 Hart, Joseph C. American Writer — . . 1855 
 
 Hays, Alexander. American General 1823 . . 1864 
 
 Helm, Benjamin Hardin. "Confederate" General — ..1863 
 
 Henderson, J. Pinckney. Amer. Statesm. and Diplom. 1808. .1858 
 
 Henshaw, David. American Politician — . . 1852 
 
 Henshaw, Joshua Sidney. Belcher. American Lawyer, 
 
 Mathematician, and Writer 181 1 . . 1859 
 
 Herrick, Edward Claudius. Amer. Scientist and Bibliog. 181 1 . . 1862 
 
 Hill, Ambrose Powell. " Confederate " General 1826. . 1865 
 
 Hoar, Samuel, ll. d. American Jurist 1778. . 1856 
 
 Hulsemann, John George, Chevalier de. Austrian Min- 
 ister to United States — . . 1864 
 
 Hunt, Edward B. American Military Officer; Inventor 1822. .1863 
 Hunt, Frederick Knight. Journalist 1814. . 1854 
 
 I. 
 
 Ingham, Charles C American Portrait Painter 1797. .1863 
 
 Ives, Eli, M. D 1779- • 1861 
 
 29 
 
450 A BRIEF BIOGEAPHICAL DICTIOKAET. 
 
 J. 
 
 BOBK. DIED. 
 
 Jackson, Claiborne F. American Secessionist; "Con- 
 federate " General 1807. . 1862 
 
 Jackson, Conrad Feger, American General — ..1862 
 
 Jackson, James S. American General 1822. . 1862 
 
 James, Charles T. Inventor of Rifle-cannon and Shell . . 1806 . . 1862 
 
 Jameson, Charles Davis. American General 1827. . 1862 
 
 Jessup, Thomas S. American Military Officer 1790. . i860 
 
 Jones, John N. " Confederate " General 1820. .1864 
 
 Jones, Roger. American General — . . 1852 
 
 K. ■ 
 
 Keim, William H. American General . . ; 1813 . . 1862 
 
 Eeiser, Dr. German Writer 1779. • 1862 
 
 Eeitt, Lawrence M. Amer. Politician and Secessionist. . 1824. . 1864 
 
 Kemeny, Baron. Hungarian Patriot — . . 1852 
 
 Kent, William. American Jurist 1802 . . i86i 
 
 Kettell, Samuel. Amer. Journalist and Miscel. Writer 1800.. 1855 
 King, T. Butler. American Politician and Secessionist. . 1804. . 1864 
 
 Kirk, Edward N. American General — . . 1863 
 
 Knight, Dr. Jonathan. Professor of Surgery 1789. .1864 
 
 IiangsdorfT, George Frederick, Baron von. Bot. & Trav. — . . 1852 
 liaroclie, Benj. Fr. Transl. of Shakespeare and Byron 1798. .1852 
 
 liindsay, James B. Scottish Linguist 1800. . 1862 
 
 liittle, Henry. " Confederate " General 1818. . 1862 
 
 Xiocke, John, M. d. American Geologist 1792. • 1856 
 
 Iiongwortli, Nicholas. American Vintner 1782. . 1863 
 
 Iiovelace, Ada Augusta, Countess of. Only child of 
 
 Lord Byron. " Sole daughter of my house and heart " 1815 . . 1852 
 Iiytle, William Haines. American General 1826. . 1863 
 
 M. 
 
 Mo Cluney, William J. American Naval Officer — . .1864 
 
 Mc Cook, Robert L. American General 1837 . . 1862 
 
 Mc Grigor, Sir James. Surgeon and Writer 1 772 . . 1858 
 
 Mackay, Charles. Scotch Actor 1787. . 1857 
 
 Mc Kean, William W. United States Naval Officer . . . 1801 . .1865 
 
 Mackenzie, Charles Kenneth. Writer 1788, . 1862 
 
 Mc Leod, Rev. Xavier Donald. American Writer 1821 . . 1865 
 
 Maitland, Samuel Roffey, d. d. Writer 1792'' . 1866 
 
 Malmstroem, or Malmstrom, B. Elis. Swedish Poet and 
 
 Writer 1816. . 1865 
 
 Mangum, Willie P. American Statesman 1792 , , 1861 
 
 Mansfield, Joseph King Fenno. American General 1803. .1862 
 
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 451 
 
 BORN. DIED. 
 
 Marchi, Father. Italian Archaeologist — . .i860 
 
 Maria da Gloria. Queen of Portugal 1819. . 1853 
 
 Mason, J. L. American Military Engineer — . . 1853 
 
 Mason, John Y. American Statesman and Diplomatist 1795. .1859 
 
 May, William. United States Naval Officer 1815 . . 1861 
 
 Messaros, Lazarus. Hungarian General and Patriot. . . 1796. .1858 
 
 Miles, Dixon H. Amercian Military Officer 1803. . 1862 
 
 Miller, James. American Soldier — . . 1851 
 
 Morehead, James T. American Statesman 1796. . 1854 
 
 Morgan, Charles W. American Naval Officer 1790. . 1853 
 
 Morgan, John H. " Confederate " Soldier 1826. . 1864 
 
 Morgan, John Minter. Philanthropist and Writer 1783. . 1854 
 
 Morlot, Francis Nicholas Madeleine. Archbishop of 
 
 Paris. Theological Writer i795 • • ^^62 
 
 Morris, Henry W. United States Naval Officer 1805 . . 1863 
 
 Mott, Valentine, American Surgeon and Writer 1785 . . 1865 
 
 Miigge, or Muegge, Theodore. Ger. Novelist and Editor 1806. . 1861 
 Miiller, or Mueller, Jerome. German Scholar and Educa- 
 tional Writer ^7^5 • • *^^^ 
 
 Mundt, Theodore. German Writer 1808. . 1861 
 
 N. 
 
 JTewcomb, Harvey, d, d. American Editor and Author 1803. . 1863 
 Wicol, Wm. Natural Philos. ; Inventor of NicoVs Prism — . , 1851 
 
 Nicollini, John Baptist. Italian Sculptor 1782. . 1861 
 
 Nitzch, Gregory William. German Philologist 1790. . 1861 
 
 O. 
 
 Ormond, John Butler, Marquess of. Writer 1808 . . 1854 
 
 Orton, Reginald. Surgeon and Writer on Med. Subjects 1810. . 1862 
 
 Otey, Rev. James Hervey. Good Bishop. 1799. • 1863 
 
 Owen, David Dale. Geologist 1807, . i860 
 
 Pangalos, M. Vamavas. Modern Greek Patriot — . . 1855 
 
 Passavant, John David. Artist and Writer on Art .... — . . 1861 
 
 Patmore, Peter George. Writer 1787. . 1855 
 
 Patterson, Francis E. American General 1827. . 1862 
 
 Paxton, Edward F. " Confederate " General — . . 1863 
 
 Pearce, James A. American Legislator 1805 . . 1862 
 
 Pegram, William Johnson. " Confederate " General . . . 1841 . . 1865 
 
 Pender, William D. " Confederate " General — . . 1863 
 
 Pennington, William. American Statesman 1797. .1862 
 
 Pinckney, Richard Shubrick. U. S. Naval Officer 1797. .1854 
 
 Plummer, Joseph B. American General 1822. . 1862 
 
 Preller, Louis. Ger. Archaeologist and Classical Scholar 1809. .1861 
 
 Prossi, Thomas. Italian Poet and Author.^ 1789. . 1854 
 
 Protet, Augustus Leopold. French Admiral; African 
 
 Explorer 1809. . 1862 
 
452 A BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 R. 
 
 BORN 
 
 Joseph. American Mathematician 1807 
 
 Bead, Abner. United States Naval Officer — 
 
 Read, George Campbell. American Admiral — 
 
 Renouard, Anthony Augustin. French Bibliographer. . 1765 
 
 Renshaw, William B. United States Naval Officer — 
 
 Rolph., John A. Artist; Landscape Engraver 1798 
 
 Ross, William Charles. Miniature Painter 1794 
 
 Rothschild, Anselm, Baron. Financier 1773 
 
 Rude, Francis. French Sculptor 1784 
 
 Rusk, Thomas J. American General and Statesman . . . 1803 
 
 •1855 
 .1863 
 .1862 
 
 •1853 
 .1863 
 .1862 
 .i860 
 .1855 
 .1855 
 .1857 
 
 s. 
 
 Saltoun, Alexander George Fraser, Lord. Defender of 
 
 Hougoumont 1785 . . 1853 
 
 Sanders, William P. American General — . . 1863 
 
 San Miguel, Evaristo. Spanish Journalist, Statesman, 
 
 and Soldier 1780. .1862 
 
 Savage, John. American Jurist i779- • 1863 
 
 Scroop, William. Writer 1771 • -1852 
 
 Seymour, Hezekiah C American Civil Engineer 1812. . 1853 
 
 Shakespear, Sir Richmond Campbell. Military Officer — . . 1861 
 
 Sheaffe, Sir Roger H. Military Officer 1763. . 185 1 
 
 Sibley, Henry H. " Confederate " General 1815 . . 1862 
 
 Sill, Joshua Woodrow. American General 1831 . . 1862 
 
 Smith, Rev. Eli. American Missionary and Orientalist 1801. .1857 
 
 Smith, Persifer F. American General — . . 1858 
 
 Smyth, Thomas A. American General — . . 1865 
 
 Somerset, Sir Henry. Lieutenant-General i794- • ^862 
 
 Sparks, Jared. Amer. Writer; Pres. of Harvard College 1789. .1866 
 
 Stanger, William. Physician and Naturalist — . .1854 
 
 Stanley, Anthony Dumond. American Mathematician 18 12. .1853 
 
 Steele, William. American Revolutionary Soldier 1762. .1851 
 
 Steers, George. American Naval Constructer 1821 . . 1856 
 
 Stephen, A. J. Lawyer and Writer 1788 . . 1864 
 
 Stephens, Mrs. Harriet Marion. Writer 1823 . . 1858 
 
 Susini, Mrs. Isabella Hinckley. American Vocalist .... — . . 1862 
 
 Symington, W. Scottish Theological AVriter i795 • • ^862 
 
 Symons, Jelinger Cookson. Writer 1810 . . i860 
 
 Tenrill, William R. American General — . .1862 
 
 Tildemann, Frederick. Ger. Physiologist and Anatomist 1781 . . 1861 
 Tilghman, Lloyd. " Confederate " General — . . 1863 
 
A BWEF BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 453 
 
 V. 
 
 BORN. DIKD. 
 
 Valpy, Abraham John. Classical Editor — . .1854 
 
 Van Brunt, Gershom J. American Naval Officer 1800. . 1863 
 
 Van Dorn, Earl. " Confederate " General 1823. . 1863 
 
 Van Eycken, John. Dutch Painter — . .1854 
 
 Villepigue, John B. " Confederate " General 1834. .1862 
 
 W. 
 
 "Washington, John A. Proprietor of Mount Vernon .. . — ..1861 
 
 "Watson, "Walker. Scottish Song Writer — . . 1854 
 
 "Webb, Alexander Stuart. American General 1834?. 1864 
 
 "Weed, Stephen H. American General — . . 1863 
 
 "Whewell, Rev. William, F. R. s. Master of Trinity 
 
 College 1795 • . 1866 
 
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