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 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE: 
 
 FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA 
 IN 1836, TO THE END OF THE MUNICIPAL YEAR 1 877, 
 
 WITH APPENDIX AND MAP 
 
 By 
 THOMAS WORSNOP, 
 
 TO^VN CLERK. 
 
 ADELAIDE: 
 
 J. WILLIAMS, PRINTER AND PUBLISHER, 54, KING WILLIAM STREET. 
 
 1878.
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 <5?S 
 
 
 TO THE RIGHT AVORSHIPFUL 
 
 Henry Scott, Esq., J. P., Mayor, 
 
 THE WORSHIPFUL THE COUNCILLORS, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE CITIZENS OF THE CITY OF ADELAIDE, 
 
 THIS ATTEMPT TO ELUCIDATE THE HISTORY OF THE CITY IS 
 (BY PERMISSION) RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 
 BY THEIR FELLOW CITIZEN AND MOST OBEDIENT SERVANT 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 426994
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PA6B. 
 
 Principles of Local Government — Annual Elections in Municipalities — Muni- 
 cipal Bodies in Great Britain — First Municipal Law in South Australia — 
 Municipal Corporations iuySouth Australia « .„ ..^. 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 (1836-38.) 
 Proposals for Establishment of South Australia — Office of Governor oflfered to 
 Sir C. Napier — Appointment of Governor Hindmarsh — Appointment of, 
 and Listructions to, Colonel Light — Selection of, and Disputes in regard 
 to, the Site of City — Divided Authority between Governor and Eesident 
 Commissioners — Resignation of Colonel Light — Survey of the City and 
 Sale of the Park Lands 8 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 (1839-40.) 
 Destruction of Public Documents and Eecords — Nature and Powers of the 
 First Municipal Act, passed on recommendation of The Honorable the 
 Secretary of State for the Colonies ^ 14 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 (1840.) 
 Election of the First Common Council — Election of First Mayor — Address to 
 the Governor — His Excellency's Keply — Purchase of Acre 203 for the 
 Corporation — Designs invited for Corporation BuUdings — Erection and 
 Cost of First Slaughterhouse — Site of the Cattle Market— The First City 
 Seal 20
 
 VI. CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 (1841.) 
 Proposed Improvements in the Streets — Private Subscriptions raised towards 
 making Hindley-street Passable — Fish, Corn, and Vegetable Market 
 Established — Governor Gawler's Expenditure— Evidence given before 
 House of Commons by Mr. G. F. Angas as to Expenditure — Retirement 
 of Governor Gawler and Assumption of the Eeins of Government by 
 Captain Grey — Proposed Addresses of the Council to Governor Gawler on 
 his Retirement and to Governor Grey on Assuming the Duties of the 
 Office — Resolution of the Council Adopted instead of Addresses — First 
 Assessment of City Properties — Progress of the City — Making of Hindley 
 and Rundle-streets at the Public Expense — Working of the Corporation 
 Act — Report of the Mayor at the Last Meeting of the First Year's 
 Existence of the Council — Regulation of Public Houses 28 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 (1842.) 
 Election of Mayor and Common Council — Financial Administration of the 
 Corporation — Retrenchment and Reduction in Salaries — Rate declared, 
 Dissatisfaction created thereby — Legality of the Rate Disputed — 
 Resignation of Mr. Fisher as Mayor — Election of Mayor to fill the 
 vacancy — Question raised as to Validity of Mayor's Election — Disasters 
 of 1842 — Employment of Immigrants Enclosing portions of Park Lands — 
 Sympathy shown by Imperial Parliament in regard to the Distress — 
 Relations between Governor and the Council not of a Cordial Nature — 
 Proposed Memorial to the Queen — Governor Grey's Reply thereto — 
 Rejoinder of the Council. ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• 40 
 
 CHAPTER yn. 
 
 (1842.) 
 General Policy of Governor Grey — Proposed BiU to make Corporation 
 Dependent on the wiU of the Governor — Action of portion of the Council 
 in respect therto — Such Action Protested against by Six of the Members — 
 New Municipal Bill — Powers suggested by the Council to give increased 
 authority — Attempt of the Council to Establish a Court — Disputes 
 between the Governor and the Common Council as to the Slaughterhouse — 
 Scrip issued under Seal to Corporation Creditors — Governor Grey's 
 Resources Limited — Proposal to send Laboring Immigrants to Sydney — 
 Loan from Imperial Parliament of £155,000 converted into a Free Gift... 51 
 
 CHAPTER VHI. 
 
 (1842-43.) 
 First Exportation of Grain and Flour — Election of Mayor and Council 
 in 1842 — Refusal of some to take Office — Differences between Governor
 
 CONTENTS. VII. 
 
 PAGK. 
 
 and Coqjoration — The Council Dissatisfied witk its position under 
 Governor Grey's New Act — Application to make Elections to the Council 
 Valid by an Act — Proposal to ajipeal to Supreme Court to test Validity 
 of Proceedings — Corporation Furniture seized for Rent — Meeting of 
 Council called by Town Clerk — Opinions of three Barristers as to position 
 of the Council — Petition to the Legislative Council thereon — Last Act 
 of the City Comicil ... 61 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 (1843-45.) 
 Repairs to City Bridge — Ceremony of Opening and Naming the Bridge — 
 Colonel Light's Monument — -Inscription thereon — Avowed Policy of the 
 Governor — Repairs of Causeways and Street-crossings — Bridge over the 
 Torrens — Corporation Insolvent— Arrival of Governor Robe — Attempt to 
 introduce Convict Boys — Petition from Mayor as to debts of the Cor- 
 poration ... ... ... 76' 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 (1846-49.) 
 Bad State of Streets in Adelaide — Schemes for a Railway to the Port — Repeal 
 of Municipal Corporations Act — Rates Levied for Making Streets — The 
 City Bridge — Petition to Re-establish Corporation — Arrival of Governor 
 Young — Despatch from Earl Grey as to Debt of the Colony— Proposed 
 Water Company — City Commission — Act to Re-establish Corpoi'ation — 
 Votes for P^epairs to Streets — Bill for Railway to the Port 85 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 (1849-52.) 
 City Commissioners — Expenditure by Commissioners — Policy of Sii' H. Young 
 — Exodus on Gold Discoveries in Victoria — Re-constitution of Corporation 
 — Boundary Marks of the City and Wards to be Fixed — Personnel of 
 the First Council in 1852 — Adoption of Old Seal 94 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 (1852-54.) 
 Addi-ess from the Council to the Mayoi- — Reply of Maj^or — Amended Corpora- 
 tions Act, 1852 — Proposals for Assessing City Properties — Expenditure 
 in 1852-3 — Resignation of Mayor, 1854 — Expenditure in 1854 — Amended 
 Corporations Act, 1854 — Expenditure in 1855 — City Market — Cathedral 
 Acre, Victoria-square 104
 
 Tin. CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER XITI. 
 
 (1854-55.) 
 Religions Organizations against Grant-in-Aid — Appointment of the Right 
 Rev. Dr. Short as Bishop — Cathedral Church — Conveyance of an Acre in 
 Victoria-square as Site for Cathedral by Governor Robe — Special Grant 
 for Fencing and Planting the City Squares— Opinion of Council as to the 
 right of the Bishop to the Victoria-square Acre — Form of Grant of the 
 Acre — Corporation Refuse to Recognise the Grant — The Bishop brings an 
 Action for Trespass against the Corporation — Verdict of the Jury — 
 Botanical Gardens Act Passed, and Gardens Laid Out 117 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 (1856.) 
 Want of Bridges over River Torrens — Plans for a New City Bridge — Erection 
 of City Bridge, and New Road made from King William-street thereto — 
 Railway to the Port and Gawler — Expenditure in 1856 — Establishment of 
 Mayor's Court — Waterworks and Drainage Act Passed — The Means then 
 of Supplying City with Water — Opening of the Railway to the Port — 
 Opening of the New City Bridge, and its Cost — Earthquake felt in the 
 City 127 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 (1857.) 
 Personnel of the Council, 1856-7 — Decrease in Assessment of City Property — 
 Expenditure in 1867 — Inaiiguration of the Constitution Act— Project for 
 a Town Hall — Action at Law by S. A. Company against the Corporation 
 in regard to Mode of Assessing Vacant Lands — Report of the Mayor on 
 the Decision of the Court against the Mode of Assessment — Attempt to 
 Obtain a Building Act — Project for Improving the River Banks and Planting 
 Park Lands— Law Proceedings and Discord in the Council during Year... 1.S7 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 (1857-58.) 
 Establishment of Magnetic Telegraph — Estimated Income from Telegraph 
 — Cost of Overland Telegraph to Port Darwin — Arrival of the Governor, 
 Sir R. G. MacDonnell — Opening of the First Parliament — Commence- 
 ment of Waterworks for the City — The Corporation to have the Water- 
 works Transferred to them on Payment of Cost by Rates — Classification 
 of Lands for Assessment — Proposal to Open Roads through the Squares 
 — Opinions of Law Officers as to Power of the Council thereon — Projected 
 Tramway to Glenelg — Death of Bishop Murphy — Assessment and 
 Expenditure for 1858 — Resignation of the Mayor 145
 
 CONTENTS. IX. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 (1859.) 
 
 The Corporation in Debt, and Refusal of Bank to Advance for Expenditure — 
 Reduction in Expenditure — Presentation of Silver Bowl to the Council 
 by Colonel George Palmer and Others — Transfer of Waterworks from 
 Commissioners to the Commissioner of Public Works — The City 
 Deprived of Representation on Waterworks — New City Seal 157 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 (1860-61.) 
 
 Morphett-street Level Crossing — Waterworks Reservoir Opened — Railway to 
 Kapunda Opened — Public Breakfast to J. MacDouaU Stuart — Assessed 
 Value of City Property — New Municipal Corporations Act ... ... 165 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 (1861-62.) 
 
 First Elections under New Corporations Act — Erection of Public Baths — 
 Departure of Governor MacDonnell — Arrival of Governor Daly — Address 
 to the Queen on Death of the Prince Consort — Revenue and Expenditure 
 from 1853 to 1861 — Question of Erection of a Town HaU — Police Rate 
 Instituted — Meeting to Empower the Council to Borrow £16,000 for 
 Erection of Town HaU — Prize Designs for Town HaU 174 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 (1863.) 
 
 Return of Stuart, the Explorer, after Crossing the Continent — Reception and 
 Addresses in Adelaide — Morphett-street Level Crossing — Laying Founda- 
 tion Stone of Town HaU — Proceedings at the Ceremony — Delivery of 
 Land Grant of the Corporation Acre to the Mayor — Memorial Against 
 Proceeding with Erection of Town HaU — Introduction of Gas into the 
 City — Act to Lease Racecourse on East Park Lands 189 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 (1864-65.) 
 
 Attempt to obtain Control of Waterworks — Additional Loan for Town 
 HaU — Forcible Removal of Obstructions to the Morphett. street Level 
 Crossing — Projected Improvement to the City — Suggested Transfer of 
 Foot Police to the Corporation 223
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXri. 
 
 (1866.) 
 
 Proposal to erect a Bridge over tlie Torrens Opposite Morphett-street — 
 Proposal to erect a Dam acrosss the Ptiver — Parliamentary Vote of £200 
 to Repair Light's Monument — Land Orders as to Town Acres still in 
 Existence— The Revenue of the Province and the City — Parliamentary 
 Vote of £1,000 to Improve the River Torrens — Completion of the Town 
 Hall— Description of the Building— The Albert Bells 231 
 
 CHAPTER XXm. 
 
 (1866.) 
 Inaugural Banquet at Opening of Town Hall ... 242 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 (1866-67.) 
 Arrival of the Roman Catholic Bishop, Dr. Shiel — Attempt to Improve 
 the Cemetery — Commencement of the Torrens Dam — Expenditure on 
 Public Improvements— Bin for £80,000 for Drainage of the City— Bill for 
 Loan of £10,000 for General Purposes — Expected Arrival of the Duke of 
 Edinburgh — Formation of the Reception Committee — The Citizens 
 Hoaxed — Arrival of the Galatea — Decoration of the Streets 20(5 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 (1867.) 
 The Order of Procession escorting H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh along 
 the Streets of the City — The Address of the Mayor and Corporation — 
 H.R.H.'s Reply thereto — The Sunday School Children's Hymn of 
 Loyalty — The Prince's Levee — Laying the Foundation Stone of the 
 Victoria Tower, General Post Office — The German Torchlight Procession — 
 Review of the Volunteers and Regulars — Presentation of Colors to the 
 Prince Alfred's Own Regiment — The Botanic Gardens, Trees Planted by 
 H.R.H.— The City Ball in the Town HaU— Civic Dinner to H.R.H. 
 Prince Alfred — Departure of H.R.H. Prince Alfred — Destruction of the 
 Torrens Dam- -Expenditure for the Year and Bank Debt 280 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 (1868.) 
 
 Death and Funeral of His Excellency Sir Dominic Daly — Lighting the City 
 
 with Gas ... 304
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 (1868.) 
 Precedeucy of the City Council — Attempted Assassination of the Duke of 
 Edinburgh — Addresses to the Queen and H. E. H. the Duke — Morphett- 
 street Level Crossing — Bill for a Building Act — Frauds on the City Funds 
 — Expenditure on Public Works, &c 314 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIH. 
 
 (1869-70.) 
 Frauds on the City Funds — ^Arrival of Sir James Fergusson — Second Visit of 
 H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh — Address to .Sir James Fergusson — Pro- 
 vincial Gas Company — East End Market — Bill for Improvement of the 
 Eiver Torrens— New Police Act— Bill to Borrow £16,000 to Pay off the , 
 Overdraft — Expenditure on Public Works — Riot in the City — Question as 
 to the Mayor's Powers in the City ... ... ... ... ... ... 325 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 (1871.) 
 Opening of the Victoria Bridge — -The Waterworks Question — Resolution of 
 House of Assembly on Drainage of the City — Expenditure on Public 
 Works — Police Fund — Grants -in- Aid Reduced — Cricket Ground Act — 
 Bill for Building Act still in Abeyance — Glenelg Railway Act — Select 
 Committee on Sale of Meat — Select Committee on Drainage of the City — 
 Renewal of Gas Rate, and Re-lighting of City Street Lamps — Death of 
 Lady Edith Fergusson^Letter of Condolence to Sir James Fergusson — 
 Expenditure on Public Works ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 337 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 (1872.) 
 Assessed Value of City Property Lower — Widening the City Bridge Road — 
 River Torrens Improvement Act Amended — Savings Bank Act — Permis- 
 sive Bill to Regulate Public Houses — Increase in Members of Parliament 
 for the City — Municij^al Corporations Endowment Bill — Opening of the 
 Trans-continental Telegraph Line — Telegrams at Banquet in Town Hall... 348 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 (1873-74.) 
 Departure of Sir James Fergusson — An-ival of His Excellency A. Musgrave — 
 Public Health Act— Bill for a BuHding Act— Road BiU Rejected— Parlia- 
 mentary Vote of £6,000 for New City Bridge— Receipts and Expenditure 
 — Corporations Amendment Act — Division of the City into Six Wards — 
 New Road Act — Police Rate— Loan of £9,000— Purchase of Land for 
 City Market — Scheme to continue King WiUiam-street through Victoria- 
 square — City Draiaage— Marriage of H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh — 
 Foundation of University of Adelaide — Expenditure for year 359
 
 XII. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 (1875-76.) 
 
 Drainage Bill — Wreck of the Gothenburg— Town Hall Organ — Action by the 
 
 Central Board of Health against the Corporation — First Report of the 
 
 University— Expenditure on Public Works — Drainage of the City — 
 
 Adelaide and Suburban Tramways — Widening the City Bridge— Revenue 
 
 and Expenditure 374 
 
 I 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 (1877.) 
 Departure of Governor Musgrave — Arrival of His Excellency W. W. Cairns 
 — Opening of the Adelaide Bridge — Departure of Sir W. W. Cairns — 
 Arrival of Sir W. F. D. Jervois — Presentations of Books from the United 
 States — -Presentation of Portraits in OH of Colonel Light and Colonel 
 Gawler — Proposed Erection of a New Bridge at the Frome Crossing — 
 Report of Mr. W. Clark on the Drainage of the City — Bills prepared by 
 the Council during 1877 — Designs for Abattoirs for Small Cattle — Tele- 
 graph to Western Australia — Opening of Town Hall Organ — Claim by 
 Imperial Government — Indian Famine Fund — Closing Remarks . . . 
 
 Appendix A 
 Appendix B 
 Appendix C 
 Appendix D 
 Appendix E 
 Appendix F 
 Appendix G 
 Appendix H 
 Appendix I 
 Appefdix J 
 Appendix K 
 
 386 
 
 406 
 408 
 409 
 414 
 417 
 420 
 442 
 443 
 443 
 444 
 449
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The scope aud object of this work are to attempt to elucidate the 
 origin and progress of this City, with a view to deserve the attention 
 of the citizens, and the Author ventures to hope that the work will not 
 be without interest to some of the class of general readers. 
 
 The student of the history of this Province finds his enquiries 
 continually directed to the effects of corporate rights and interests, and 
 their influence on the inhabitants of the City, as well as on the public 
 generally, and in no point are these topics unworthy of careful 
 investigation, or of the notice of the public at large. 
 
 In the work now submitted to the public, the Author has felt how 
 impossible it has been to accomplish his objects without, to some 
 extent, reviewing historically the rise and progress of the Province, 
 especially in the earlier period of its existence, and in its relative 
 connection with the history of the City, for the legislative power of the 
 Crown (as shown in the policy of the Governors) was then absolute, 
 differing materially from its power in Imperial legislation, or after the 
 establishment of Responsible Government in the Province. He 
 also feels that at times he appears too digressive, but this was 
 hardly to be avoided in the attempt to display the various and changing 
 interests which have affected the City. His object has been to supply 
 easily accessible information to such as are most concerned in attaining 
 it ; but neither to them nor to the general reader can he profess to 
 offer other entertainment than what attends the rational pursuit of 
 useful knowledge. 
 
 It may be observed that the greatest part of the information 
 contained in the following pages is not to be found in a compiled form 
 elsewhere, it having been collated from various sources, although a 
 large portion of it necessarily consists of" extracts from the Municipal 
 Records, and is given in this form to the public to throw light on the 
 local history of the City, and, as far as possible, with the means at 
 his command, a distinct view is given of the successive changes 
 which have occurred, and he commends it to the candid consideration 
 of the historical enquirer. It is not generally known that Adelaide
 
 XIV. PREFACE. 
 
 is the birthplace of Municipal Government, not only in Australia, 
 but in the whole British Colonial Empire. The story of its rise and 
 progress should therefore possess some historic interest, and the 
 completion of the twenty-fifth year of its second municipal existence 
 affords a suitable opportunity for placing- before the inhabitants of the 
 Province, of which it forms the metropolis, a narrative of its origin 
 and development, in order to show the results which have been derived 
 from the first attempt at local self-government in a new country. 
 
 The Author regrets that in pursuing his researches into the 
 earliest memorials of the City Council he has discovered that many of the 
 relative muniments of that period are not to be found, involving much 
 incompleteness in the series of extracts for the work from the best 
 possible sources. 
 
 He has endeavored to quote authorities precise to the point 
 submitted, and if he may not always have done so, or if he may 
 have exercised too little caution or discrimination in drawing inferences 
 therefrom, at least the means are honestly furnished from which such 
 inferences have been drawn ; and wherever historical facts have been 
 discussed, and they should prove to the reader uninteresting, 
 he trusts the reader will remember that what to him may be 
 needless information may form valuable knowledge to others, for the 
 only knowledge which can be either useful or satisfactory is that which 
 can be traced to its source. 
 
 The facts which are embodied in this work have been collected 
 from the Reports of the Colonization Commissioners, the contemporary 
 Press, the Public Records of the Province, as well as those of the City 
 itself. The writer is also indebted to many private persons for 
 information relating to matters on which the Public Records threw 
 only a partial light. The speeches delivered at some of the most 
 important civic gatherings have been reprinted at some length, in 
 order to show the state of public feeling in relation to events which, as 
 time rolls on, will possess more interest than that which might attach 
 to matters exclusively municipal. 
 
 That his work should excite any very extended interest he does 
 not presume to expect, and he can only hope he may experience the 
 indulgence usually conceded to one whose evident desire is to com- 
 municate the information, he has at much pains gathered, in the present 
 
 form. 
 
 THOMAS WORSNOP. 
 
 Barnard-street West, 1878.
 
 CORRECTIONS. 
 
 It ■will be convenient to the reader to correct with his pen the following 
 errors before perusal : — 
 
 Page 45 line 3, for "1242" read "1842." , 
 
 " 92 " 8, for "Act (No. 13 of 1849)" read "Act (No. 11 of 1849)." 
 " 92 " 11, "for "a Bill to Incorporate" read "an Act to Incorporate." 
 " 268 Mr. A. H. F. Bartels is here said to have been the first Ger- 
 
 man Colonist who had a seat in the City Council ; this is 
 incorrect, Mr. H. L. Vosz had a seat in the Council in 1871 
 " 324 " 2, for "£26,017" read "£16,017." 
 
 " 348 " 12, add after the word "available" the words "for public works. " 
 " 349 " 3, for "offering" read "affirming." 
 " 351 " 5, for "at the instance" read "on the request." 
 "351 "17, for "that grant" read "those grants." 
 
 " 371 " 18, "real or personal security" strike out the word "security." 
 " 376 " 3, "12 of the crew" read "8 of the crew." 
 The words "Corporation Acre" under the figures 202 (Plan, page 442) should 
 be on the east of King William Sti'eet, on Acre 203.
 
 18C 
 P-l 101 
 
 27( 
 
 
 
 303
 
 THE CITY OF ADELAIDE: 
 
 ITS ORIGIN AND PROGRESS, 
 
 From the Foundation of the Province of South 
 Australia till 1st June, 1877. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 When young communities first undertake the manage- 
 ment of their own public affairs, the majority seldom 
 fails to manifest an imperfect conception of the applica- 
 tion of those principles which attach to all sorts of 
 government, municipal or otherwise. They seldom 
 reflect upon what these have done for the advancement 
 of civilization, or for the promotion and preservation of 
 the public weal. Citizens early assert the rights of 
 individual liberty, and their complete recognition of the 
 fact that under British rule it can be justly bounded only 
 by the not more than equal rights of their fellow subjects. 
 For all this, when anything like a superior authority, 
 even though constituted by themselves, and for their 
 own immediate advantage, makes a demand upon the 
 individual purse — the merits and necessities of the case 
 are often lost sight of in the supposition that personal 
 rights are invaded. 
 
 Much of the want of success of our first Corporation 
 was distinctly due to this feeling, which manifested itself 
 
 B
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 at a very early stage of its experimental existence. In 
 tentative legislation it is at all times difficult to convince 
 those who are really most concerned in its success — that 
 it can be wise if it does not shew itself at once to be 
 perfect. ISTor is the difficulty at all lessened, even 
 though it may be clear that it is founded upon the 
 experience of ages, and that it embodies forms which 
 rest upon as solid a foundation. It is not considered 
 that the smallest embodiment of executive authority 
 cannot exist without a revenue, and that in a new city 
 which obtains an organization conferring a kind of sepa- 
 rate existence on its inhabitants, but without endowment, 
 the tax gatherer is as inevitable as daybreak.* 
 
 In their infancy, munici]3alities are generally very 
 moderate in their aims. Their operations are limited to 
 slight and pressing wants, and their organization is simple. 
 Yet they rest on bases wide enough to enable them in 
 course of time to embrace and carry through almost 
 every reform which their individual development, coupled 
 with that of the country which contains them, may show 
 to be necessary or generally advisable. In order to 
 enable them to attain their highest degree of usefulness, 
 they should be as free as possible from external inter- 
 ference, so that an imselfish and Ji^^iionious action on 
 the part of their members, applied to t^^^ affairs b}^ 
 means of accurate local knowledge, may work out the 
 requirements of the common interest in their most 
 serviceable form. It need scarcely be said that their 
 
 * The levy of the first City rate was not a popular act. It was collected 
 with difficulty, and in a little less than a year 132 distress warrants were issued 
 to recover arrears.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 value becomes most apparent in tlie largest centres of 
 population, but it must at the same time be admitted 
 that in such places they are susceptible of the greatest 
 amount of abuse. In young countries, however, there 
 is one safeguard. They are not encumbered with 
 customs irksome in themselves, nor with ancient and 
 arbitrary privileges ; nor are they impeded by the exis- 
 tence of vested interests — which have been growing for 
 years, until they have reached proportions so great that 
 they cannot be grappled with without special legislation. 
 They are thus free to make use of all those agencies 
 which modern development has called into being to assist 
 in the solution of the constantly arising problems of 
 local health, social comfort, and administrative com- 
 pleteness and economy. A well-ordered municipality, 
 managed by representatives who have their duty at 
 heart, contributes greatly to the stability as well as to 
 the extension of the principles of popular government, 
 when applied to the concerns of a coimtry as a whole. 
 In foct an acquaintance with the forms of debate in the 
 Council of a Corporation — coupled with the practice of 
 forming by-laws for the internal regulation of a city — 
 forms a useful preparation for that larger forum in 
 which the affairs of the entire population in relation to 
 themselves individually, and collectively to the outer 
 world are considered and determined. 
 
 In speaking of a corporation in connection with the 
 principles of self government, no fair analogy can be 
 drawn between it and a parliament. The Supreme 
 Legislature of a state, it must be remembered, does not
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 carry its own laws into effect. The authority which 
 enforces them is always exposed to a certain amount of 
 public distrust. Corporations within defined limits are 
 both legislative and executive, and in both capacities 
 suffer, to a certain extent, from that feeling. At the 
 same time, since their personnel is so frequently changed, 
 they are seldom obnoxious to those serious and lasting 
 suspicions which sometimes follow public bodies of a 
 more permanent character entrusted with extensive 
 executive authority. 
 
 It has often been a matter of discussion whether the 
 changeable natvire of the material of which municipal 
 bodies are constituted, does not form a serious element 
 of weakness in them, and impair their usefulness. No 
 doubt it is the origin of many serious defects in adminis- 
 tration ; but at the same time it brings the whole 
 corporate body sufficiently under control of public 
 opinion to prevent any continuance in an unjust or 
 unreasonable course of policy. 
 
 Annual elections seem to prevail wherever there are 
 municipalities. Experiments have been tried in various 
 places, with a view to confer upon them a more per- 
 manent constitution. It seems, however, that the prin- 
 ciple of annual election still asserts itself as that best 
 suited to their existence — in countries where there are 
 free political institutions. The union of executive and 
 legislative functions in the hands of local bodies is thus 
 shown to be of the utmost use to large sections of the 
 general population of states — besides that which arises 
 from relieving the Supreme Legislature from the con-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 sideratiou ot details which they can understand but 
 imperfectly and to which, therefore, they cannot 
 render full justice. 
 
 Although municipal bodies existed in great Britain at 
 a very early period, they possessed no uniformity of 
 constitution, nor did they follow any uniform course of 
 procedure. Some of them existed as far back as the 
 days of the Roman occupation of Britain.* In subse- 
 quent times they traced their origin to various sources. 
 Some existed by prescription, others by charter, others 
 by custom, some by common law, and others by statute. 
 This gave rise to considerable public inconvenience and 
 confusion, and the passing of the celebrated Reform Bill 
 was necessarily followed by a Bill to establish corpora- 
 tion reform. In the year 1835 they were brought under 
 one Act of Parliament, and their powers, functions, and 
 duties reduced as far as could be within certain general 
 provisions but varied as little as was possible, in view of 
 local circumstances. Subsequent legislation has reduced 
 whatever divergences there were to a minimum, so that 
 they may now be considered as being subject to the 
 operation of one settled law throughout England. 
 
 The first municipal law passed in South Australia 
 was a partial transcript of the English statute of 1835, 
 and even that was greatly modified to meet the new 
 conditions of a people who had made the experiment 
 of founding a new state in an almost iminhabited comitry. 
 From causes which will be explained further on, the first 
 attempt to plant a municipality in South Australia failed, 
 
 * A.D. 8(j-1066, Lingard — Sharon Turner.
 
 6 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 and the organization from which much had been expected 
 broke down completely. At a later period the affairs of 
 the small metropolis of the new province were entrusted 
 to a City Commission. This after a time was found to 
 be a source of expense and trouble to the Government, 
 as well as unsatisfactory to the citizens. It was, there- 
 fore, superseded by a new Corporation, established under 
 Ordinance No. 11, of 1849. This, as already stated, 
 came into operation on June 1st, 1852, and was acted on 
 with more or less success until 1861, when a new Act 
 was passed. This provided for the extension of muni- 
 cipal institutions to other portions of the Colony — 
 wherever it was considered that local interests required 
 to be treated in a different manner from that which was 
 possible under the District Councils' Act, which had 
 been devised to meet the wants of purely country 
 districts. The provisions of this Act enabled the 
 Governor, by the advice and with the consent of his 
 Executive Council by proclamation, to constitute a Cor- 
 poration, on the petition of not less than two-thirds of 
 the ratepayers in any " district, town, or place." It thus 
 includes all persons of full age living in the province 
 who on the 1st October in any year possesses or occupies 
 any "land, house, warehouse, counting-house, or shop, 
 within the municipality — either as owner or tenant," and 
 whose name as owner or occupier is entered in the 
 assessment thereafter to be made. These become 
 citizens or burgesses. The corporation, of course, must 
 assume a distinctive name. The privileges which the 
 proclamation confers upon a municipality are these : It
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 becomes a body corporate with perpetual succession ; 
 it obtains the right of sueing and being sued in its 
 corporate capacity ; it acquires the right of purchasing 
 and holding lands, tenements, &c., in fee simple or by 
 lease or otherwise ; and the possession of a common 
 seal. The most important power of all is that of levying 
 rates and of making by-laws for its own government 
 and for regulating its own affairs, which, however, bind 
 them as well as others — unless contrary to the laws of 
 the province. It may be understood that no Act of any 
 Municipal Council is valid unless it is authenticated by 
 its Common Seal — which is the legal mode by which the 
 consent of a corporation becomes known and confers 
 vitality and validity on its lawful acts. 
 
 Since the passing of that Act 18 corporations have 
 been established under its provisions. Excluding the 
 City of Adelaide they have 31,000 inhabitants, and 
 possess rateable property to the annual value of 
 £203,290. This does not include either the population 
 or the rateable value of the property in the Burra, Port 
 Pirie, or Mount Gambler, from which at the date of 
 writing there were no returns.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 It is not necessary here to refer to the establishment 
 of South Australia, except in the most general way. It 
 was projected as far back as 1831,* but the first proposals 
 made to the Secretary of State for the Colonies came to 
 nothing. It was not until 1834 that the negotiations of 
 Mr. E. G. Wakefield, Colonel Torrens, and others, 
 assumed a practical shape.f In August, Colonization 
 Commissioners were appointed to work out the proposed 
 plan. Their labors were continued vmtil 1836 when they 
 showed their first official fruit. Early in that year a 
 Governor was appointed. The post was ofi'ered to 
 Major- General Sir C. Napier. That officer, however, 
 declined the honor, unless he were furnished with troops, 
 and empowered to draw upon the Home Government for 
 funds in case of emergency. At this distance of time it 
 is difficult to imagine what the troops were to do. 
 However, his views were not adopted hj the authorities, 
 and Capt. Hindmarsh, R.N., accepted the office. Colonel 
 Light was chosen Surveyor- General, and he reached 
 Kangaroo Island in August, 1836, and on the 28th 
 
 * See Appendix A. + Appendix B.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 December Governor Hindmarsh landed at Holdfast Bay 
 from H.M.S. Buffalo. At tins point Colonel Light's 
 proceedings more concern the purpose of this work than 
 the acts of the Governor. 
 
 With regard to the selection of a site for the Capital, 
 the instructions issuedby the Commissioners ran as follows : 
 — " When you have determined the site of the first town 
 you will proceed to lay it out in accordance with the 
 regulations (for the preliminary sales of Colonial lands 
 in this country). You will make the streets of ample 
 width, and arrange them with reference to the con- 
 venience of the inhabitants, and the beauty and salubrity 
 of the town ; and you will make the necessary reserves 
 for squares, public walks, and quays." The duty 
 imposed on Colonel Light was no easy one. Before 
 arriving at his final determination, this officer had 
 examined Kangaroo Island and Port Lincoln as well as 
 the Eastern shore of Spencer's Gulf, and after much 
 consideration decided to fix the Chief Town on the site 
 on which it now stands. He had full power, but it 
 seemed that others demurred to his judgment. Sir J. 
 Jefi'cott, the first Judge in the Colony, thought Encoim- 
 ter Bay offered the best position, aud Capt. Hindmarsh, 
 the Governor, would only consent to that chosen by the 
 Surveyor- General, under the condition that Colonel 
 Light would lay out a secondary town at the Port. This 
 point was eventually conceded. It must now be con- 
 sidered that the request was not unreasonable, nor do 
 any available records disclose just grounds for hesitation 
 when the question was that of providing an available
 
 10 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 port for an inland town. The following extract from 
 
 the reports of the Commissioners may be interesting: 
 
 " The site fixed upon by the Surveyor- General for the 
 capital of the Colony is in about latitude 34° 57' 0" south.* 
 It is situated on gently rising ground on both banks of a 
 pretty stream reaching down to the sea, over which the 
 S.W. breezes blow nine months out of the twelve, with 
 invigorating freshness. At the back is a beautifully 
 wooded country, which extends for about six miles to 
 the base of the first range of hills, which are capped by 
 a high wooded one called by Sturt, Mount Lofty, 2,400ft. 
 above the level of the sea. To the left the hills gently 
 curve round and trend down to the coast at about nine 
 miles from the town, enclosing a plain country, in some 
 places open, in others wooded, having a few small 
 streams and fresh water lakes. To the right the hills 
 run in a N. and E. direction, continuing for 30 or 40 
 miles, where they appear to sink into a plain. The 
 country along their base is well timbered, nearer the 
 coast it is open and level." Few will now identify the 
 site by this description. 
 
 Capt. Hindmarsh, although Governor, did not possess 
 undivided authority. The Resident Commissionerf had 
 great powers, the exercise of which did much to promote 
 the dissensions which arose during the earliest days. 
 Colonel Light's selection of the site of Adelaide, and 
 other questions in which his views were not in harmony 
 with those of others, had found a special subject of 
 
 * The true position of the Adelaide Observatory is longitude 9h. 14m. 21s. 3 E. 
 and latitude 34" 35' 55" 8. + Mr. J. H. Fisher.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 11 
 
 consideration for the Commissioners. Colonel Light's 
 conduct was supported by the unanimous vote of a 
 public meeting.* This fact gave great offence to the 
 ruling powers, and in consequence of representations 
 made to the Government and to the Commissioners, new 
 instructions were issued to Colonel Light. The despatch 
 enclosing them showed that negotiations had been going 
 on with others for the completion of a certain survey in 
 the event of Colonel Light's refusal to proceed with it, and 
 that arrangements were made for its continuance. His 
 resignation was evidently expected, and on the receipt of 
 the new instructions he at once resigned. His retirement 
 was followed by that of all the assistant surveyors, with 
 the exception of three who had been recently appointed 
 from England. The reports of the Commissioners fully 
 vindicate Colonel Light's proceedings, and they record 
 the fact that at the time he received his new instructions 
 "his energies were enfeebled by disease, and his mind in 
 a state of nervous irritability from the harassing and 
 vexatious opposition which he had to encounter from the 
 quarter whence he had a right to expect the most 
 willing encouragement." The report which contained 
 these remarks acquitted Mr. Kingston, who succeeded 
 him, and who had been much blamed in connection with 
 the affair, of any unjust conduct. " He had acted 
 towards his superior with scrupulous honor." Of 
 Captain Hindmarsh, Lord Glenelg, then Secretary of 
 State for the Colonies, wrote (21st February, 1838) : — ■ 
 " Governor Hindmarsh appears, upon his own showing, 
 
 * Appendix C.
 
 12 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 to be incapable of carrying on the Government. With 
 the exception of the Judge and of the Harbormaster, 
 he is more or less at variance with all the official 
 functionaries of the colony, whether belonging to the 
 Government or to the Commission." It is not surprising 
 that he was superseded. He was in the colony only 
 fourteen months, and was succeeded by Colonel Gawler 
 on the 12th October, 1838. The city survey had been 
 completed long before his arrival, and all of the 
 unclaimed portions sold by auction. It contains 1,042 
 acres, 700 in South Adelaide and 342 in North Adelaide. 
 The River Torrens runs through the centre of the 
 valley which divides the north part of Adelaide from the 
 south. Shortly after Colonel Gawler's arrival, Adelaide 
 assumed a new condition, one which adds immensely to 
 its beauty, and helps in no small degree to preserve its 
 health. By a despatch from the Colonization Commis- 
 sioners, dated 1st September, 1838, the Governor was 
 authorised to purchase the Park Lands which now 
 surround and divide the city, without specifying any 
 sum for his guidance. Full information on this subject 
 is not available. It is known that one of Colonel Gawler's 
 bills drawn during 1839, amoimting to £2,300, was 
 appropriated to the purchase of the Park Lands, but 
 there is nothing to show that this was for the fee simple 
 of the whole.* Probably the purchase of that part of 
 the Park Lands not included in the Government reserves 
 was completed by the payment of that sum. Adelaide 
 thus can never grow larger. Its vacant spaces are being 
 
 * Appendix D.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 13 
 
 rapidly filled up; but between it and the suburban towns 
 which are growing around its boimdaries, large open 
 areas must always intervene, and will always provide 
 for them means of healthy exercise and enjoyment as 
 much as for the inhabitants of Adelaide itself.
 
 14 CITY OE ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER HI. 
 
 In January 1839, a serious calamity fell upon the 
 strugglingprovince, which greviously affected the interests 
 of the city. Nearly the whole of the papers and records 
 connected with the Executive and Legislative branches 
 of the Government were destroyed in the old Govern- 
 ment Hut, which was burned to the ground. How the 
 fire occurred no one knew, but it was supposed at the 
 time to have been caused by an incendiary. The hut 
 was thatched with reeds, and divided by partitions. 
 It was constructed almost entirely with inflammable 
 materials. The selection of such a place for the pre- 
 servation of the most valuable and important documents 
 showed the most culpable neglect, if not something 
 worse. There was in existence a Government residence, 
 erected at a cost of £10,000. It was built of stone, and 
 it could have afforded ample space for them. Public 
 Offices had also been built, which contained fire-proof 
 rooms, and every convenience for the safe-keeping of 
 the colonial archives. Governor Grey, in addressing 
 Lord Stanley — who was Secretary of State for the
 
 eiTY OF ADELAIDE. 15 
 
 Colonies — on this subject, under date of 19tli February, 
 1842, says : — " Subsequently to and before this fire, no 
 schedule was kept in the office of the Private Secretary 
 (whei'e nearly all the business of the colony was con- 
 ducted) either of the letters despatched from the office, 
 or of letters received. Every means of reference was, 
 therefore, cut off. Important agreements bad after- 
 wards to be substantiated by reference to conversational 
 promises, and claims against the Government could only 
 be substantiated by the signature of the officer to whom 
 the power of approving the account had been deputed." 
 It is unaccovmtable that a dangerously combustible hut 
 should have been chosen as a place for the deposit of 
 the public records. It was reported at the time the 
 catastrophe occurred that the papers had been removed 
 into the hut only a few days previous before the fire 
 in order to make room in Government House for a lady 
 visitor from another colony. It is too late to look for 
 further information on this subject, at this period of the 
 history of the colony ; all is known now that is ever 
 likely to become known about it. 
 
 On the 19th of August, 1840, the first Colonial 
 Municipal Act was passed by Governor Gawler and his 
 Executive Council. The preamble recited that the 
 Colonization Commissioners had recommended to the 
 Secretary of State for the Colonies that it was expedient 
 to give to the towns which had been, and were about 
 to be, established in South Australia, as soon as they 
 respectively acquired a population of 2,000 inhabitants, 
 elective municipal institutions, on certain principles
 
 16 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 which had been adopted, and that the Secretary of State 
 had recommended to His Excellency the Governor that 
 an Act embracing those prmciples should be passed, and 
 that as Adelaide had attained a population exceeding 
 the requisite number,* the said city should acquire an 
 elective municipal institution. The Act provided for 
 the election of a Coimcil, and for the levying of rates. 
 The Council was to consist of nineteen common Council- 
 men, of whom one should be Mayor, and three Aldermen. 
 The qualification to vote was extended to every male 
 person of full age who, at the date of his enrolment, 
 should have resided six months in the province, and was 
 proprietor or tenant of any land, house, warehouse, 
 countinghouse, or shop within the city valued at £20 
 per annum, and who lived either within the municipal 
 limits or within seven miles thereof. The persons dis- 
 qualified were such as within six months previous to 
 their enrolment had received public charitable relief, or 
 within two years had been convicted of felony or of 
 misdemeanor, followed by an imprisonment for three 
 months, with hard labor, under sentence of any 
 Supreme Court or of any superior Court. It was 
 further provided that after any rate had been imposed, 
 no person should be enrolled in any year unless before 
 the 15th July he had paid all the rates payable by him, 
 except such as had become due within one calendar 
 month. No person, however, could be elected or act as 
 a common councilman, unless he owned or occupied a 
 house within the city of the annual value of £50, or was 
 
 , * Appendix E.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 17 
 
 possessed of personal property to the value of £500. 
 Any person who was directly or indirectly, by himself 
 or any partner, interested in any contract with by or on 
 behalf of the Corporation, was also disqualified, as also 
 any person who had at any time been convicted of felony 
 or misdemeanor, followed by imprisonment of three 
 months with hard labor under a sentence of any Supreme 
 or Superior Court ivithin Her Majesty^ s dominions. A 
 false declaration in respect to such qualification was 
 made perjury, and the guilty party became liable to a 
 fine of not less than £50, nor more than £100, recover- 
 able by any qualified elector on the citizens roll by 
 proceedings in the Supreme Court if above £50, and if 
 below that amount before justices in a summary way. 
 These penalties went to the Corporation in aid of their 
 revenue. Provision was made for an annual allowance 
 to the Mayor of £300, which might, with the Governor's 
 consent, be increased to £500. The first cost of electing 
 the Council was borne by the Colonial Treasurer, on 
 the Governor's warrant, but the Corporation was bound 
 to repay it when put in funds by means of rating or 
 otherwise.* 
 
 The ninth and tenth clauses contained some unusual 
 provisions. They were to the effect that the total 
 number of voters admitted to the roll should be declared 
 by public advertisement, with the proportion required 
 to constitute each electoral section empowered to return 
 a member of the common Council, such proportion to 
 be as nearly as numbers would permit one nineteenth 
 
 * The eipen.'ie of the first election waa oyer jei73. 
 
 C
 
 18 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of the whole, and that it should be competent to the 
 electors by voluntary classification to form themselves 
 into as many electoral sections as there were members 
 to be elected, and each of them might, provided they 
 could agree upon a unanimous vote, return one member ; 
 that at the polling place when the proportion of qualified 
 electors required to constitute such quorum should 
 appear personally and declare their unanimous vote in 
 favor of any single candidate, the Returning Officer 
 should enter in a polling book the names of the electors 
 in every such quorum, specifying under proper columns 
 the names of the candidates so voted for, and on the 
 scrutiny of the poll books, the Returning Officer should 
 declare duly returned all members so elected, by the 
 unanimous vote of each of such quorums. A proviso 
 precluded the persons thus voting for one candidate 
 from voting again by ordinary election, should the 
 Common Council not be filled up in whole or in part by 
 the electoral quorums. The thirty-fifth clause provided 
 that the maximum amount of the ordinary expenditure 
 of the Corporation should not exceed £500 for each and 
 every quarter of a year, and the Council were precluded 
 from incurring any expenditure of an unusual descrip- 
 tion, or from contracting loans for the erection of public 
 buildings, the execution of extensive improvements, or 
 the like, without the approval of the Governor in 
 Council. They were further prohibited from doing any 
 work, the cost of which would exceed £400, except by 
 contract after a call for tenders had been published in 
 the South Australian Government Gazette and the whole
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. l9 
 
 sanctioned by a meeting of the Council specially 
 convened for the purpose. The Act further provided 
 that as soon as the Corporation had raised sufficient 
 funds to meet the ordinary expenses of carrying into 
 effect the purposes of the Act, such funds should con- 
 tribute to the cost of the prosecution of criminals and the 
 maintenance of the gaols, as well as to the administration 
 of justice, so far as the same arose from felonies or 
 misdemeanors committed or supposed to have been 
 committed within the limits of the City of Adelaide. 
 As a source of revenue the Corporation was empowered 
 to levy tolls on the principal^ thoroughfares leading to 
 and from the City. 
 
 Regarded in the light of our present experience, this 
 Act does not appear to have been very liberal. It 
 certainly was an instalment of the power of local self- 
 government — and that is all it can be called 5 neverthe- 
 less it was accepted as liberal and satisfactory. It was 
 better than the autocracy of the Executive, and it gave 
 promise of some improvement in the City, the necessity 
 for which began to show itself rather urgently, even at 
 that early period of its existence. We may presume that 
 the organization of the new Civic powers was a subject 
 of considerable satisfaction to the inhabitants, for almost 
 all the prominent unofficial men in the colony were 
 members of the first Council, and verj^ great expectations 
 were formed as to the results of their joint exertions. 
 The Act, however, was in reality only an experimental 
 Act, and much had to be learned — and something to be 
 suffered — before municipal institutions took permanent 
 root in South Australia.
 
 20 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 On the 31st October, 1840, the election of the first 
 Common Council took place. Mr. Stanley Stokes acted 
 as Returning Officer. The official records which are 
 accessible do not show whether this was by a poll, or 
 under the ninth and tenth clauses of the Act. On the 
 same dav the Coimcillors met at the South Australian 
 Club House, Hindley- street, for the purpose of choosing 
 the Mayor and Aldermen, so as to complete the organi- 
 zation of the body corporate. The following gentlemen 
 attended and took the formal declaration of qualification 
 and signed the official record of their acceptance of 
 office : — James Hurtle Fisher, Esq., Nathaniel Hailes, 
 Abraham Hopkins Davis, John Brown, Charles Mann, 
 John Hallett, William Blyth, William Gilchrist Lambert, 
 Henry Watson, Thomas Wilson (Solicitor), Edward 
 Rowlands, Edward William Andrews, Matthew Smillie, 
 James Frew, William Henry Neale, Samuel East, 
 William Sanders, and John Yatesley Wakeham. Mr. 
 John Hallett was voted to the chair. The following were 
 proposed as Aldermen: — James Hurtle Fisher, Esq., 
 A. H. Davis, Matthew Smillie, George Stevenson, and
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 21 
 
 John Brown. The two first obtained 13 votes each and 
 the three last nine votes each. Mr. Brown expressed 
 his unwillingness to act, and intimated that he would 
 rather submit to a fine for non-acceptance of office ; the 
 four first-named gentlemen were then declared elected as 
 Aldermen. A ballot was taken for Mayor, and the 
 choice fell upon James Hurtle Fisher, Esq. The whole 
 of the members of the Corporation having taken the 
 customary oaths, the days proceedings terminated. 
 
 The first regular meeting took place on the 4th of 
 November, when an address to the Governor was 
 adopted. As this may be regarded as the inaugural act 
 of the Corporation, we reprint it, with His Excellency's 
 reply :— 
 
 " To His Excellency Lieutenant- Colonel George Gawler, 
 Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order, 
 Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Province 
 of South Australia. 
 
 " May it please your Excellency — Elected by the 
 choice of our fellow-citizens to fill the offices in the 
 first municipal body in the colony, we, the Mayor, 
 Alderman, and Common Council of the City of Adelaide, 
 avail ourselves of the earliest moment to tender to your 
 Excellency our cordial thanks on our own and their 
 behalf for the prompt and liberal manner in which this 
 satisfactory measure, as recommended by the Colonial 
 Commissioners and adopted by Her Majesty's Govern- 
 ment, has been carried out by your Excellency. 
 
 " Regarding Representative Government as one of 
 the most invaluable privileges of British subjects, we
 
 22 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 rejoice in this early concession to us of some of its 
 advantages. 
 
 " Your Excellency may be assured of our loyalty 
 and attachment to our Sovereign and the Constitution of 
 our native land, and that in the exercise of the duties 
 devolving upon us in our adopted country we shall exert 
 ourselves to the utmost for the advancement of the 
 prosperity of this city, the maintenance of peace and good 
 order, the preservation of morals, and the promotion 
 of that union which gives strength and efficiency to every 
 effort at political, social, and moral improvement." 
 His Excellency returned the following reply : — 
 " To the Right Worshipful the Mayor, the Worshipful 
 the Aldermen, and to the Common Councilmen of 
 the City of Adelaide. 
 " Your Worship and Gentlemen — 
 " I return you my thanks for the expression of your 
 gratification at the manner in which I have carried out 
 the intentions of Her Majesty's Government and the 
 suggestions of the Colonization Commissioners in re- 
 ference to the Municipal Corporation Bill for the City of 
 Adelaide. 
 
 " I assure you that, acting, I trust and believe, in 
 accordance with the views of Her Majesty's Govern- 
 ment, I have the most sincere desire to convey to 
 the colonists of South Australia the privileges of 
 representative government in the full rate, as the com- 
 munity shall become settled and established to admit of 
 such benefits without danger to general security and 
 prosperity.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 23 
 
 "In becoming the member of a small community in 
 a new colony, as in the, to a certain extent, parallel case 
 of joining the also small community of a vessel on the 
 ocean, every British subject surrenders for a time a 
 portion, if not all, of his representative privileges. 
 This proceeds from the obvious reason that unity, 
 energy, and decision of Government are, under such 
 circumstances, more necessary for the general welfare 
 than the much more slowly moving principle of repre- 
 sentative collective deliberation. 
 
 "The moderation, order, and discernment with which 
 the recent first public election was conducted furnishes 
 strong evidence that the portion of representative privi- 
 lege enjoyed is not, even at this early period, inconsistent 
 with the peace and well-being of the community. I 
 sincerely hope that such a conclusion may be still more 
 firmly established by the faithful manner in which the 
 Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council elected may 
 redeem their pledge, just given, of loyalty and attach- 
 ment to the Sovereign and Constitution of Great Britain, 
 and of exertion to the utmost for the advancement of 
 the prosperity of the city, the maintenance of peace and 
 good order, the preservation of morals, and the pro- 
 motion of union. 
 
 " In pursuing such objects they may rest assured of 
 the most cordial assistance from myself and the Legis- 
 lative Council. 
 
 " George Gawler, 
 
 " Governor South Australia. 
 
 " Government House, November 6, 1840."
 
 24 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 The staff of the Corporation at the outset was fixed 
 as under : — Town Clerk, Mr. D. Spence (£150 per 
 annum); Town Surveyor and Collector, Mr. G. S. 
 Kingston (£400); City Treasurer, Mr. John Morphett, 
 (£52 10s.); Messenger, Mr. W. McBean (30s per week). 
 The Mayor's salary was fixed at £300— £980 10s. in all. 
 Considering that the ordinary expenditure of the Cor- 
 poration was limited to a sum not exceeding £500 in 
 each quarter of a year, this scale of salaries seems 
 rather out of proportion to the expected resources of 
 the Council. All they had in the shape of money at the 
 outset was a loan of £250 from the Government, which 
 of course had to be repaid, so that more than half a 
 year's expenditure had been virtually forestalled months 
 before it became possible to collect a penny in the shape 
 of rates. This was not a very auspicious commence- 
 ment. 
 
 In the original survey of the City an acre had 
 been reserved, with a view of its being devoted at some 
 future period to the use of a Corporation, if such a body 
 were established. Shortly after it was called into 
 existence an application was made to His Excellency 
 Governor Gawler to transfer the land to the Council. 
 The request was acceded to, and acre 203 was sold to 
 the Corporation for the sum of 12s. This proceeding 
 did not meet the approval of the Downing- street 
 authorities. The transaction had evidently been 
 questioned, and in no friendly spirit, as the following 
 extract from a despatch from Governor Grey to 
 Lord Stanley will show. Under date May 26, 1843,
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 25 
 
 he writes : — " I beg to inform your Lordship, in reply 
 to your request for an explanation of the circumstances 
 under which, in the year 1841, a town acre was sold for 
 so low a price as 12s., that the town acre alluded to was 
 reserved for the use of the Mayor and Corporation of 
 the City of Adelaide previously to the first preliminary 
 selections, and that the Colonial Treasurer was duly 
 authorised by the late Governor on the 15th February, 
 1841, to receive from the Mayor and Corporation (who 
 had then been recently constituted) the sum of 12s. in 
 payment for this town acre." His Lordship's view of 
 the case is conveyed in these words : — " I have received 
 your despatch (No. 83, of 26th May last) explaining 
 the circumstances under which, during the year 1841, a 
 town lot was sold at so low a price as 12s. It appears 
 to me this proceeding was illegal and invalid, and that 
 it must therefore be cancelled. On this point, however, 
 the acre of land sold to the Corporation might, under 
 the existing law, be again vested in them, if, as I should 
 presume, the appropriation of it could be justified on 
 the ground of public convenience."* 
 
 Soon after Colonel Gawler had given possession of 
 this acre, designs were invited for proper buildings for 
 Corporation purposes, to be erected upon it. But this 
 came to nothing. There were no funds, so the offers 
 were laid aside and the Corporation were obliged to be 
 content with the hiring of a single room in Hindley- street. 
 
 * This amount (12s.) was paid by the City Council on February 18th, 1841. 
 The Deed of Conveyance of the Acre to the Corporation is in the Corporation 
 Deed Box.
 
 26 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 During the remaining portion of the year 1840 little 
 could be done. The market site was shifted to a spot 
 near the present slaughter-house, and a cattle market 
 opened. Mr. R. Dodd was the first clerk. A slaugther- 
 house was erected on the site of the existng building. 
 It was on a very modest scale. The fees charged were 
 6s. per head for cattle, 2s. 6d. for calves and small cattle, 
 and pigs Is. Soon after these buildings were finished an 
 account was furnished to the Corporation, amounting to 
 £853, being the cost of the structures, which the city 
 authorities were requested to take over, and to make 
 provision for the payment to the Government of interest 
 on the outlay. This demand did not improve the posi- 
 tion of the new municipality. Added to the sums re- 
 quired for salaries and the repayment of the Government 
 loan £250, it left only £17 available at the close of a 
 year's existence, even supposing the amounts received 
 from tolls, slaughtering fees and rates reached the 
 £2,000 fixed in the Act as the limit of expenditure. At 
 this time it was considered advisable to appoint 
 Committees for the regulation of finance, markets, and 
 for general purposes ; a little too late it would appear, 
 now that there was no likelihood of anything important 
 for them to consider — in the shape of finance at least. 
 
 The last acts of the Council in 1840 were the adoption 
 of a City Seal (facsimile given on following page), 
 and the appointment of a Committee on the "31st Dec- 
 cember, 1840, to ascertain the most easy and effectual
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 27 
 
 measures to be taken for the immediate improvement of 
 the roadways of Hindley, Rundle, Currie, and Grenfell- 
 streets and King William- street, from the public offices 
 to North -terrace." 
 
 City Seal, Adoptkk 1840.
 
 28 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The beginning of the year 1841 was not marked by 
 any extraordinary activity on the part of the Corpora- 
 tion. If the restrictive clauses of the Corporation Act 
 are considered, and the want of a revenue, this is only 
 what might have been expected. 
 
 The Council applied to the Governor for liberty to 
 take materials for road-making from the quarry behind 
 Government House — and the request was agreed to. 
 The permission, however, was not immediately made 
 use of. The Corporation had proposed to make certain 
 improvements in the leading thoroughfares, and had 
 placed themselves in communication with the Governor 
 on the subject. Governor Gawler in reference to this 
 expressed concurrence in the general proposal to make 
 some attempt to form the streets, but he considered that 
 the plan submitted to him involved too great an outlay, 
 and he suggested that the proposed expenditure should 
 be considerably reduced. This might have been, and no 
 doubt was, prudent at the time, but it did not seem to 
 meet the views of the citizens. A public meeting wag
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 29 
 
 held on the 27th January, at which the following 
 resolutions relating to the condition of the city were 
 agreed to: — 
 
 " That the present state of the streets of Adelaide 
 imperatively requires that immediate measures be taken 
 by the Common Council to improve them, and that as it 
 is desirable that the improvements should commence 
 in the more populous districts, that the Council be 
 requested immediately to commence with Hindley-street, 
 and to continue their labors for the general and effective 
 improvement of the other streets of the City. 
 
 " That the Corporation be requested to confine the 
 town expense, for improving the streets, to that of 
 making good centre roadways, and that they require the 
 proprietors of land in the unpaved streets to make good 
 footpaths at their own expense, according to a plan 
 drawn by the Town Surveyor, and approved of by the 
 Corporation and executed under their management and 
 control. 
 
 " That the Council be recommended to apply forth- 
 with to the Governor for the necessary powers to give 
 effect to the resolutions of this meeting." 
 
 No increased powers appear to have been given to 
 the City Council in consequence of these resolutions. 
 A private subscription had been raised by the inhabitants 
 of Hindley-street to do something towards putting it 
 into passable condition, but it was not sufficient to effect 
 any improvement worth mentioning. The occupiers or 
 owners of property were authorised to make the foot- 
 ways in front of their premises at their own cost, and
 
 30 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 this seemed to be all the Corporation could do to assist 
 them then. In order to add to the revenue of the city, 
 the owners of water-carts, by means of which water was 
 brought to the citizens' houses, were compelled to take out 
 licenses, and some attempt was made to secure uniformity 
 in the weights and measures in use by appointing an 
 inspector, who was also Inspector of Markets. Mr. W. 
 J. Pickworth was nominated to this office. A fish, com, 
 and vegetable market was established on the acre which 
 had been handed over to the Corporation, and a cattle 
 market opened at Thebarton. In this, at first, no fees 
 were charged. In April of this year the depression 
 which had existed in the colony for some time began to 
 press more severely still, and Governor Gawler provided, 
 at the Government expense, a number of laborers to 
 make the roadway in Hindley-street. It seems clear 
 that his Excellency had to do this to meet a pressing 
 emergency. He had informed the Home Government 
 some months before that the City of Adelaide had 
 hitherto been a heavy charge upon the funds of the 
 Province, but that under the Corporation Act the pro- 
 prietors and inhabitants would contribute towards the 
 cost of local improvements. This anticipation had, so 
 far, proved to be groundless. Up to this time the city 
 had not been assessed. A number of laborers had been 
 employed in cutting up and removing fallen timber on 
 the Park Lands, so as to make it available for public 
 purposes by sale or otherwise, instead of leaving it to be 
 carried away and applied by private persons to their 
 own use. This source of employment had failed. A
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 31 
 
 o'ood idea of tlie state of the colony may be gathered 
 from an extract from the evidence taken l^efore the 
 House of Commons, which follows. Mr. G. F. Ano^as 
 (March, 1841) says: — "The company (i.e., the South 
 Australian Company) had received a communication 
 from the colony expressing the opinion of their manager 
 upon the excessive expenditure of the Governor. . 
 It was stated the exj^enditure was considerably larger 
 than it ought to have been, and had excited considerable 
 anxiety in the colony, and he expressed regret that there 
 was no means of controlling it, because the whole power 
 of control was in the hands of the Governor." It is 
 only just to add the following : — " At the same time he 
 expressed this opinion that the expenditure seemed to 
 be called for by the circumstances and situation of the 
 colony ; that it was judiciously made, and that Colonel 
 Gawler would be able to justify himself to the Govern- 
 ment in the course he had adopted." There is no doubt 
 that Colonel Gawler's proceedings, according to the 
 general tenor of the evidence taken, were, in a great 
 measure, justified. His successor states that " he had 
 to contend with a party holding novel and speculative 
 principles, for which I can discover no legal authority — 
 restless and inconsiderate in pressing them, and setting 
 them paramount to every other consideration ; a party, 
 too, of which the leaders have not been sparing towards 
 me personally of public insult and misrepresentation." 
 Colonel Gawler did not retain office long after this. 
 The bills he had drawn upon the Home Government 
 were refused acceptance and returned. On May 12,
 
 32 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Captain Grey arrived in the colony to supersede him, 
 and took the oaths of office on the 14th of the same 
 month. 
 
 A curious occurrence now took place. It was proposed 
 at a meeting of the City Council held on the 17th May 
 to adopt an address to Governor Gawler on his retire- 
 ment from office, and another to Governor Grey upon 
 his assuming the administration of the affairs of the 
 province. They ran as follows: — 
 
 " To Lieutenant- Colonel George Gawler, Knight of the 
 Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 " We, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council 
 of the City of Adelaide, on the occasion of your retiring 
 from the government of this province, beg to approach 
 you with the expression of our high respect and esteem 
 for your person and character. 
 
 " In conducting the affairs of this province we firmly 
 believe that you have labored at the head of the Govern- 
 ment with the most intense care and anxiety, often under 
 very difficult and trying circumstances, with the sole 
 object of promoting the prosperity of the province. 
 
 "This Corporation having been founded under your 
 goverment, we cannot omit the present opportunity of 
 expressing our thanks for the uniform courtesy and 
 kindness with which you have met all our views for the 
 improvement and good government of the city. 
 
 " Although your connection with the province is for 
 the present dissevered, we shall never cease to feel the 
 warmest interest in the future prosperity and advance- 
 ment of yourself and of your family."
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 33 
 
 " To His Excellency George Grey, Esq., Governor 
 and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of South 
 Australia. 
 
 " We, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of 
 the City of Adelaide, beg to offer to your Excellency 
 our sincere congratulations on your arrival in this 
 province, and our ardent hope that your administration 
 of its affairs may promote its welfare and increase its 
 steady and progressive advancement. 
 
 " Warmly attached to the country of our adoption, 
 we trust that the difficulties under which it now labors 
 will be speedily removed, and that a liberal, enlightened, 
 and prudential policy will present every encouragement 
 to the development of its > natural resources, and give 
 stability and permanence to its prosperity. 
 
 " In the prosecution of every object for these pur- 
 poses we assure your Excellency that this body will ever 
 be found desirous of affording its full co-ojDeration." 
 
 At tlie present day such expressions of opinion on 
 similar occasions are not only held to be unobjectionable, 
 but they are looked upon as matters of course ; so much 
 so, that it would now be considered discourtesy if such 
 a mark of official etiquette were omitted. It seemed, 
 however, that different opinions prevailed at that lime, 
 and on the motion of one of the Councillors (Mr. J. 
 Brown) the addresses were passed over and the following 
 resolution adopted in their stead: — " That in the opinion 
 of this Council it is exceedingly desirable to exclude 
 from their deliberations political discussions or the 
 
 D
 
 84 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 expression as a body of any political opinions, the 
 introduction of such subjects into Corporate bodies in 
 England having uniformly tended to lower their character 
 by regulating the election of their members, not by their 
 eligibility or fitness for office, but by qualifications 
 subordinate to mere party purposes ; that the first 
 public occasion for voting an address appears to the 
 Council the proper time to enter their deliberate protest 
 against the introduction of politics into their proceedings, 
 while it is also one on which the Corporation, by re- 
 fraining to follow the usual custom, cannot be supposed 
 to be actuated by improper motives, entertaining as they 
 unanimously do feelings of the highest esteem for 
 Colonel Gawler, and being ready at all times to testify 
 their loyalty by respecting the authority of his 
 successor." 
 
 This was forwarded to Colonel Gawler and published. 
 He returned the following reply to the Mayor: — 
 
 "May 19, 1841. 
 
 " My Dear Sir — I beg to express to your Worship 
 my sincere gratification at the resolution to which I 
 perceive the Town Council have come, of excluding 
 altogether political considerations from their proceedings. 
 It appears to me to be founded in sound wisdom, and a 
 pledge of much future benefit to society, as long as it 
 shall be unequivocally maintained. 
 
 " As the founder by legislative enactment of the 
 Municipal Corporation of Adelaide, I have a claim upon 
 it of a very prominent character for the expression of its 
 good feelings, but this claim I most gladly waive for the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 35 
 
 substitution of the advantas^e which the resolution to 
 which I have referred has introduced. 
 
 " I remain, &c., 
 
 " George Gawler. 
 
 " P.S. — I hope that the privilege of a representative 
 constitution may, at no very distant time, open a legiti- 
 mate channel for full representative intreference in 
 political affairs. In the meantime, I am sure that 
 moderation such as that which the Town Council has 
 exercised, will go towards proving the claim of the 
 colony to such a privilege. 
 
 " G.G." 
 
 In June the first City Assessment was completed and 
 adopted by the City Council. The annual value of the 
 rateable property was estimated at £80,000, and on this 
 a rate of 4d. in the £ was declared. This would give 
 only £1,333 6s. 8d. The expense of the staff of the 
 Corporation, as has been pointed out, was wholly 
 disproportioned to the resources at their command, yet 
 notwithstanding, an additional rate collector (Mr. R. G. 
 Thomas) was appointed. Messrs J. N. Bentham and 
 F. Wicksteed were constituted assessors, and Mr. J. .II 
 Richman and Mr. C. Beck, auditors. No solir] progress 
 appears to have been made in the City up to this time. 
 Prior to April, 1840, more than a year previous, the City 
 Surveyor had cleared a large number of the streets of 
 the town of the trees and stumps which rendered 
 travelling at night dangerous. He had also built a 
 bridge over the Torrens, and had cleared away from the 
 Park Lands the huts that had been built and occupied
 
 36 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 bv some early settlers. So things had remained, except 
 that some little was done in Hindley-street by prison 
 labor, under Colonel Gawler's directions. In August, in 
 consequence of representations made to the Governor, 
 His Excellency undertook to make Hindley and Rundle- 
 streets properly at the public expense, provided that the 
 work was done under the superintendence of the 
 Surveyor- General. 
 
 The working of the Corporation Act, even with 
 the short experience of nine months, had not proved 
 satisfactory. An amended Act was required, and the 
 Governor requested that he might be supplied with a 
 statement of the views and requirements of the Corpo- 
 ration. Supported by all the information which the 
 Comicil could furnish, the necessary documents, draft 
 by-laws, &c., were prepared by the Mayor, Mr. J. H. 
 Fisher, and forwarded to His Excellency for the con- 
 sideration of the Government. On October 21 the first 
 year of the Corporation's existence came to a close, when 
 the following report was laid before the Coimcil by the 
 Mayor : — 
 
 " Gentlemen — As this is the last meeting of the 
 Common Council which will take place during the period 
 of my Mayoralty, I cannot allow the present opportunity 
 to pass without expressing to the members of the 
 Council my warm acknowledgments and thanks, not only 
 for the assistance they have afforded me, but for their 
 gentlemanly and kind demeanor towards me. It would 
 have been a much additional o^ratification to me could I 
 
 have congratulated the Common Council at the close of
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 37 
 
 their official career upon having effected any considerable 
 benefit to the City or its inhabitants; but although that 
 satisfaction is denied to me, I feel it my duty to state 
 that such result has not been, in my humble opinion, 
 occasioned by any lack of zeal or attention on the part 
 of the members of this Comicil ; for, on the contrary, 
 they have evinced every disposition to give as much 
 effect as possible to the spirit and intention of the 
 Municipal Act, so far as that Act in its present form 
 enabled them so to do. The position of the Common 
 Council has been both novel and pecvdiar — novel for its 
 incipient state, and as being the first instance of the 
 application of Municipal authority or constitution to any 
 one of our colonial possessions ; and pecidiar from the 
 absence from the Municipal Act of those powers to give 
 it that operation which the Act itself contemplated and 
 proposed. It appears by the report of the Finance 
 Committee that there is a balance of debt due from the 
 Corporation. It would certainly have been desirable, 
 and much more agreeable, to have handed over the 
 concerns of the Corporation to our successors with a 
 different aspect of accounts — that is a balance in favor 
 of the Corporation, and not as it appears to be, against 
 it. It must be borne in mind, however, that a con- 
 siderable portion of the unpaid debt is for matters not of 
 annual occurrence, and therefore one of which the 
 Corporation and those they represent will have the 
 benefit of for future years ; and it must not be forgotten 
 also that the expenses incurred by the Corporation werg 
 upon the basis of a calculation of having available the 
 
 426994
 
 33 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 year's rate which the Municipal Act authorises them to 
 raise, whereas they have at present had the advantage 
 only of the rate for half a year, and that but in a partial 
 degree, as there is still a considerable arrear unpaid. I 
 sincerely trust our successors in office will find their 
 labors much lightened by the experience which the first 
 year's operation of the Act will have generally afforded. 
 They will, at all events, not have to encounter many of 
 the difficulties which necessarily and naturally arise in 
 the first endeavors to give practical effect, in a business- 
 like and advantageous manner, to principles of such a 
 nature as those involved in the Municipal Act in their 
 primary application. 
 
 " It will ever be a proud reflection with me when I 
 recollect that I have been placed, not only in the honor- 
 able position of the first Resident Commissioner of the 
 Province, but that of first Mayor of the first Corporation 
 established in any of the British colonial possessions. 
 For the latter I have to thank you, and when I say I do 
 thank yon, I trust you will give me credit for the 
 sincerity which, in its fullest sense, ought to attach to 
 such a declaration. 
 
 " I cannot close without expressing my sense of the 
 unanimity and good feeling which has hitherto prevailed 
 in all the proceedings of this Council. I will not say 
 they are without parallel, but truly I must say they have 
 never been exceeded in any instance, where matters have 
 been discussed by so many, in which much difference of 
 opinion might arise ; and I hope this example may 
 be considered worthy of imitation by our successors.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 3& 
 
 I have witnessed no party or factious feeling, or any 
 other than such as should prevail in well regulated minds 
 directed to one object — that of public good." 
 
 The followino- vote of thanks was unanimouslv 
 accorded to the Mayor for his conduct during his year 
 of office: — 
 
 ''That the cordial thanks of the Council be presented 
 to his Worship the Mayor for his unremitting attention 
 to the duties of his office, and for his able advice and 
 counsel in systematising and arranging the business 
 of the Corporation, and for the impartial and gentle- 
 manly manner in which he has uniformly presided over 
 its deliberations." 
 
 One thing which has proved a lasting benefit was 
 achieved during the year. A Committee was appointed 
 to consider the question of regulating the public houses, 
 many of which gave rise to serious complaints. The 
 Committee (consisting of the Mayor, Alderman Steven- 
 son, and Councillor Wright) made certain suggestions to 
 the Commissioner of Police, which were adopted, and 
 which effectually remedied the evils which had been 
 complained of.
 
 40 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The second election of citizens to serve as members 
 of the Common Council took place in October, 1841, and 
 on the 22nd they attended at the Council Chamber in 
 Hindley-street for the purpose of electing a fitting person 
 as Mayor, and two fitting persons as Aldermen. There 
 were present — Alderman Stevenson (Chairman), Messrs. 
 Nathaniel Hales, Isaac Nonmus, Henry Mildred, R. F. 
 Macgeorge, John Yatesley Wakeham, John Nowland, 
 Edward Davy, John Norman, W. H. Burford, Cornelius 
 Birdseye, William Paxton, Thomas Wilson, Andrew 
 Birrell, William Peacock, Andrew Murray, Archibald 
 MacDougall, and William Gilchrist Lambert. Thomas 
 Wilson Esq., and William Peacock, Esq., were chosen 
 Aldermen, and James Hurtle Fisher, Esq., was re-elected 
 Mayor. The whole of the persons present took the 
 declarations of qualification and acceptance of office. 
 The new Council did not take office under very en- 
 couraging circumstances. They had no money, and all 
 the debts of their predecessors required to be provided 
 for. The whole financial administration of the Corpora- 
 tion had been carried on in a verv loose wav. It
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 41 
 
 appeared that the Officers of the Council who received 
 fees on behalf of the City Fund had been in the habit of 
 paying themselves their own salaries out of their receipts, 
 and of handing over the balance, if there was any, to 
 the City Treasurer. This most objectionable practice 
 was put an end to — every Officer was required to pay 
 over his gross receipts without deduction — and it was 
 resolved that in future the whole of the staff slioidd be 
 paid monthly by cheque. This was the beginning of a 
 more prudent system. The financial embarrassments of 
 the Colony were very great, and the Corporation felt the 
 effects severely ; the City Debt in January 1842 was nearly 
 £600. It became necessary to retrench, and it was deter- 
 mined to reduce the Mayor's allowance to £100, and the 
 salary of the City Surveyor to £200, and subsequently to 
 £100. The office of Standing Counsel to the City, filled 
 by C. Mann, Esq., was done away with. Previous to this 
 a rate of 9d. in the £ was levied on the City property for 
 the half-year ending on the 31st May ; this would have 
 yielded £1,500. The declaration of this rate created 
 much dissatisfaction. It was imperative upon the Cor- 
 poration to pay its outstanding liabilities, and to liquidate 
 the arrears of salary due to its officers. Every one in 
 the City was more or less affected by the general 
 depression, and very little disposition was shown by the 
 citizens to respond to the demand thus made upon them. 
 The legality of the rate was disputed, and the Advocate- 
 General was applied to for his legal opinion on the 
 point. That officer, however, declined to advise on the 
 question, and the Council thereupon decided to collect the
 
 42 CITY OF ADELAIDE 
 
 rate. Before this, Mr. Fisher had resigned his office as 
 Mayor, on the ground that a due regard to his pro- 
 fessional engagements demanded that his whole time and 
 attention should be bestowed upon them. The following 
 address was unanimously agreed to by the City Council, 
 and presented to him on his retirement from office : — 
 " That this Council have read with extreme regret a 
 letter from His Worship the Mayor, finally requesting 
 to be permitted to resign the offices of Mayor and 
 Alderman, which they are most reluctantly compelled to 
 accept from the causes assigned by His Worship ; they 
 are at the same time most desirous of recording upon 
 the minutes the high sense they entertain of the valuable 
 .services rendered to the Corporation, the indefatigable 
 attention and truly zealous perseverance of His Worship 
 in the discharge of his duties while in office, which they 
 very justly admit are deserving the thanks of the 
 Corporation, accompanied only by the regret they feel 
 in losing his valuable assistance and co-operation." 
 
 This proceeding, simple enough as it apparently was, 
 gave rise to a great deal of confusion. Alderman Wilson 
 was chosen to succeed Mr. Fisher as Mayor, and Mr. 
 Councillor Lambert was elected Alderman in room of 
 Mr. Wilson. These gentlemen continued to discharge 
 the functions of their respective offices until the time 
 drew near for the election of a new Council, when the 
 question was raised whether the election of Mr. Wilson 
 as Mayor had been valid. Much controversy ensued — 
 not conducted in the most friendly spirit. The Advocate- 
 General, Mr. Smillie, was ask^d for his opinion on the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 43- 
 
 subject, and lie held that the Mayor had no power to 
 resign his office, and that the Corporation had no power 
 to accept his resignation ; no vacancy had arisen by death 
 or disqualification, nor had means been taken under the 
 Act to enable the Corporation to declare a vacancy by 
 fine under a by-law, and that the Corporation could not 
 legally proceed to a new election. Mr. Fisher's opinion 
 was also taken, and he considered that the Mayor could 
 resign, and the Corporation accept the resignation ; 
 further, whether the election of Mr. Wilson was invalid 
 or not he could act as Returning Officer ; and that, as he 
 was an officer de facto^ his acts would be valid so long as 
 he held his office undisturbed by any legal process. He 
 suggested, however, that the Government should be 
 applied to, to cause a short Act to be passed putting an 
 end to the doubts which had arisen, validating whatever 
 had been done, and authorising the Mayor to act as 
 Returning Officer at the ensuing election, and in 
 all matters preparatory to it. This suggestion was 
 not adopted. Mr. Fisher also pointed out that the 
 shortest way to settle the matter would be to obtain a 
 writ of quo warranto from the Supreme Court against 
 Mr, Wilson, to show the grounds on which he claimed to 
 be the Mayor of Adelaide. The Advocate- General w^as 
 then requested to obtain the writ against Mr. Wilson, but 
 he did not consider it was advisable for the Crown to 
 interfere in a matter of the kind ; but he pointed out 
 that such a writ could be issued at the instance of any 
 person entitled to sue, who had not concurred in the;
 
 44 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 election. Thus the matter was allowed to drop, and the 
 arrangements for the ensuing election were proceeded 
 with. 
 
 The year 1842 was a most disastrous year. Every- 
 thing was at the lowest ebb possible, and at one time it 
 was thought that it would be fatal to the existence of the 
 young colony. It has been stated that the lateness of 
 the period at which the surveys became available, had 
 prevented the settlers from obtaining their land at the 
 time when they were prepared to cultivate it, and that 
 this circumstance had been followed by a condition of 
 idleness and want of enterprise on their part, which was 
 the chief cause of the evils which now were so severely 
 felt. This had been followed by a system of land 
 jobbing, and of mortgaging the land and hypothecating 
 the produce, until the people were reduced to such a 
 condition that neither merchants nor bankers could 
 help them. A class of monopolists had arisen whose 
 influence upon trade deprived the mercantile portion of 
 the community of their legitimate profits — so that the 
 greater part of the whole body of the colonists suffered 
 severely. Public meetings were held in the City to 
 consider the position of affairs. At one it was proposed 
 that instead of paying some £300 per week — as the 
 Government were doing — to provide work for the 
 unemployed immigrants, they should be put upon the 
 land as laborers, and receive rations for the cultivation 
 of the soil, and at the harvest a certain portion of the 
 produce, in the shape of wheat valued at 5s. per bushel. 
 To forward this project, the merchants should aid the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 45 
 
 cultivators by supplying them with stores, &c., taking 
 security over the crops, and that the Government should 
 assist the merchants by issuing scrip to them, on giving 
 -security. This scrip should be taken by the banks and 
 Income a circulating medium. The distress which 
 prevailed in Adelaide prevailed in the other colonies also. 
 The views of the citizens as expressed in the following 
 resolution, passed at a meeting held in the Theatre on the 
 19th February, 1^42, describes the state of public feeling 
 then existing : — Moved by Mr. Hailes, seconded by Mr. 
 Norman — " That the Committee already appointed be 
 hereby instructed to prepare immediately a memorial to 
 Governor Grey reminding His Excellency that the 
 operations of agriculture are clogged almost to cessation; 
 that our merchants only exist by sufferance of the Banks 
 and large Companies ; that the profitless pursuit of our 
 tradesmen are daily terminating in insolvency ; that our 
 laborers are seeking other shores or are sunk into a 
 condition of pauperism, and that himdreds of families, 
 not referable to either of the before-mentioned classes, 
 find at length that they have exchanged wholesome 
 abundance in England for a bare and precarious sub- 
 sistence here; and that as a long period must elapse 
 before relief of any kind can be received from home. His 
 Excellency be entreated to use such means of temporary 
 relief as are obviously within his reach — as, for instance, 
 the payment of the Government debts, large as well as 
 small ; and also that His Excellency, in this extraordinary 
 emergency, be requested to use for our relief those
 
 46 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 discretionary powers which, as Governor, he doubtless 
 possesses, and the exercise of which the present circum- 
 stances of the colony imperatively demand." 
 
 This resolution appears to have been hardly necessary 
 to rouse the Governor to action in the matters to which 
 it related. His own despatches show that the depressed 
 condition of the colony had occupied his anxious atten- 
 tion ever since he assumed the position of Governor. 
 As early as August 1841, he had employed a large 
 number of immigrants in enclosing portions of the Park 
 Lands so as to enable him to derive some revenue from 
 the rents of such parts as could be let, and at the same 
 time preserve the timber. In February 1842, he had 
 been able to inform the Secretary of State that Rim die 
 and Hindley streets, from Gawler-place to Morphett- 
 street, had been completely formed and metalled by 
 parties of immigrant laborers. A few days after the 
 meeting last referred to had been held. Governor Grey 
 wrote to Lord Stanley in the following terms : — " Great 
 pecuniary distress prevails in this colony in common 
 with all those which surround it, which distress, from 
 all the inquiries I have been able to institute into this 
 subject, arose, in a great measure, from a variety of 
 causes over which the colonists had no control. There 
 are, however, many alleviating circumstances attending 
 this distress. The colony has hitherto met with the 
 greatest sympathy and most liberal assistance from the 
 Imperial Legislature. The leading statesmen of all 
 parties united in the desire to relieve the pecuniary 
 difficulties of the Province, whilst the colonists generally
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 47 
 
 have at the same time evinced a degree of forhearance 
 and perseverance which cannot be too highly com- 
 mended. I have been particularly struck with this from 
 ])ersonal observation in the country districts which I 
 have had an opportmiity of recently visiting, and gladly 
 bear testimony to a fact so creditable to the community 
 at large." Still there was much and wide-spread 
 discontent. The relations between the Governor and 
 the Corporation had not been of the most cordial nature. 
 Some feeling was manifested because a request to divert 
 the drainage of some Government buildings from that 
 part of the River Torrens at the end of Morphett- street, 
 from which the City was supplied with water, had not 
 met with prompt attention. Nothing seemed to work 
 smoothly. Money must be had, and Governor Grey 
 passed several Acts which had for their object the 
 raising of revenue. There was the Customs Act, an 
 Act for the Levying of Harbor Dues, the Port Act, and 
 an Act for Regulating Distillation in the Colony. The 
 Governor was pressed to withhold his sanction to them 
 until the pleasure of the Crown with respect to them 
 had been signified. All the representations made to His 
 Excellency were disregarded, the acts became law. 
 A large public meeting was held in the Theatre on the 
 5th of July, at which they were denounced in the 
 following terms : — " That this meeting regrets that the 
 Government should deem it expedient, at a time 
 when the colony is suffering from extreme mercantile 
 depression and universal distress, to impose heavy 
 additional taxes ; and although the public desire to meet
 
 48 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 all just and equitable taxation, tliey are of opinion that 
 the proposed new taxes and duties are unequal exorbi- 
 tant, and injudicious, materially affecting the operations 
 of the settlers, and directly at variance with the interests 
 of the colony. That this meeting reprobates the enor- 
 mous port charges and restrictions recently imposed ; 
 charges which will prevent vessels frequenting our 
 ports, deeply injure the merchant, and place imported 
 goods beyond the reach of the inhabitants." 
 
 It is not to be wondered at that those who were in 
 the lowest state of commercial depression looked with 
 something more than discontent upon the prospect of 
 fresh taxation, nor that the feeling should find expression 
 in warm and energetic terms. The position of the 
 Governor was one of immense difficulty and delicacy, 
 and it certainly did not receive that consideration to 
 which it was entitled. For the general want of prosperity 
 which prevailed throughout the whole of Australia, he 
 was utterly blameless, and not less for the special 
 condition of South Australia. His duty was to extricate 
 the province from its troubles, and as resort could not be 
 had to the Home Government, the solution of the 
 diflSculty must be attempted on the spot. The City 
 Council entered into a long correspondence with His 
 Excellency in order to induce him to meet the wishes of 
 the public as expressed at the meeting. Finding that 
 their representations had no effect, in August they 
 agreed to the resolution which follows : — " It having 
 been moved and carried that the rule for the exclusion 
 of all political discussion from the Council, as well as
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 4& 
 
 that requiring a previous notice of motion, be on tliis 
 occasion suspended — Resolved, that this Council are of 
 opinion that the interests of the citizens of Adelaide, 
 require the active interference of their representatives, 
 and that this Council should express their views and 
 sentiments on the propriety of presenting a memorial to 
 Her Majesty the Queen, claiming that right which they 
 consider to he the birthright of every British subject, 
 but more particularly applicable to the colonists of 
 South Australia, viz., the power of raising and expending 
 taxes by their representatives in the Legislative Council ; 
 and that a Committee, consisting of the Mayor and Mr- 
 Mildred, be requested to prepare a memorial accordingly, 
 to be laid before the next meeting of Council." 
 
 This was forwarded to Governor Grey. His patience 
 would seem to have been almost worn out, for his reply 
 without being in terms discourteous, was such as gave 
 mortal offence to the whole body corporate. He informed 
 them that he would take the earliest opportunity oi 
 forwarding the Memorial of the Corporation to England, 
 for the purpose of being laid before the Queen, subject 
 however to this reservation : — That it may very possibly 
 not be received as the petition of the Mayor and Cor- 
 poration of the City of Adelaide, it being the opinion of 
 the law advisers of the Crown that the Corporation 
 could not have legally proceeded to the late election ot 
 Mayor ; and should this view of tlie case prove to be 
 the right one, it is of course doubtful whether, and in 
 what form, the petition may be received." The Corpora-
 
 50 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 tion retaliated with this not very respectful rejoinder :— 
 "Resolved, that the reply received from the Governor to 
 the Memorial recently forwarded by the Mayor and 
 Corporation to His Excellency, requesting a suspension 
 of certain Acts passed by the Legislative Council, is in 
 its nature undignified, and unworthy an enlightened and 
 liberal Government ; and it is altogether calculated to 
 destroy that proper feeling of respect which should exist 
 in the minds of the public for the authorities by whom 
 they are governed." 
 
 The objectionable Acts continued in force, and we do 
 not J find that the Memorial sent for Her Majesty's 
 consideration procured even acknowledgment to those 
 at whose instance it was framed.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 51 
 
 CHAPTEE VII. 
 
 The general jDolicy adopted towards the provmce by 
 Governor Grey was not the only ground upon which tlie 
 Corporation and His Excellency were at variance. He 
 had seen that the IMunicipal Act was neither suited to 
 the circumstances of a ruler responsible to no one in the 
 province, nor to those of the citizens who thought that 
 municipal self government would be a fact, and not an 
 illusion. The powers conferred upon the burgesses were 
 small and hedged round with obstructive conditions. So 
 loosely was the act worded that even bona Jide pro- 
 ceedings of the City Council, in trying to maintain its 
 own existence, formed the matter of three conflicting 
 opinions expressed by the three leading lawyers in the 
 colony. Governor Grey's opinions took the shape of a 
 Bill which empowered the Governor to abridge, amend, 
 or take away the Corporate rights which the Act of 
 1840 had given to the citizens, if he should think it 
 advisable to do so. Such a proposition showed the 
 Corporation that they lived — or were likely to live — in 
 their municipal capacity on sufferance only. The 
 Governor in the first instance did not send the Mayor a
 
 52 CITY OF ADELAIDE 
 
 copy of his proposed Bill — only a minute generally 
 notifying his intentions with regard to the City Council. 
 It was not received with any feeling of satisfaction. It 
 only embittered the relations between the Corporation 
 and the Governor, which had already assumed a tinge of 
 personal hostility. The Mayor was directed to acknow- 
 ledge the receipt of the minute, and to request that a 
 copy of the proposed Act should be forwarded to the 
 City Council. This request was accompanied by the 
 resolutions which follow : — " That the Council cannot 
 l)ut consider the new powers claimed by the Government 
 in reference to the proposed amended Municipal Act, of 
 reserving the right to abridge, to amend, or even to take 
 away the corporate rights which it creates, as involving 
 principles of a most dangerous tendency, and which, in 
 the opinion of this Council, are in direct opposition to 
 the principles upon which the colony of South Australia 
 was founded, and calculated, if persisted in by the 
 Government, to cause considerable dissatisfaction and 
 embarrassment to the colonists generally. That the 
 Council are further of opinion, from the character of 
 their late correspondence with His Excellency Governor 
 Grey, and the impediments which he has placed in the 
 way of their operations, taken in connection with his 
 general management of affairs in this ])rovince, that there 
 is little to hope of advantage to their constituents during 
 the continuance of His Excellency's administration." 
 
 Whatever force this might have had, if the expression 
 of opinion had l)een unanimous, was destroyed by the 
 protest which was adopted and entered upon the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 53 
 
 Council's minutes. " We protest, most decidedly, 
 against the resolution passed by the Council on 23rd 
 June, 1842, censuring the general conduct of His 
 Excellency the Governor in the administration of the 
 affairs of this province, it being directly at variance with 
 a former resolution, dated 17th May, 1811, passed by 
 the Council, expressly forbidding any interference of the 
 Council with political affairs." This was signed by six 
 of the members. On the 30th June the Municipal Bill 
 was sent to the Council. It was most unsatisfactory. 
 The Corporation did not wish to have their powers 
 abridged or taken away at will — they wanted greater and 
 more extensive authority. They requested the Governor 
 to include in his Bill a clause or clauses — (1) Giving the 
 Council the control over the Park Lands, with all 
 erections thereon. (2) Constituting a Court to be called 
 the Corporation Court, with power to take cognizance of 
 offences, and punish by fine not exceeding £5, or by 
 imprisonment not exceeding six months ; also for the 
 recovery of debts not exceeding £20. (3) Giving 
 power to elect a Sheriff for the City, to be called the 
 High Sheriff, without salary ; also an Under Sheriff and 
 officers with salaries. (4) Giving jurisdiction over foot 
 police, to be called the Municipal Police. (5) Giving 
 the power of licensing tavern-keepers, storekeepers, 
 auctioneers, carriers, water-carts, and vehicles let for 
 hire." 
 
 In view of the Bill prepared under the Governor's 
 authority, it need hardly be said that these proposals 
 were not entertained. The Corporation attempted to
 
 54 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 solve one of their difficulties by constituting a court, by 
 resolution, empowering the Mayor and Aldermen to deal 
 with the case of a person who had sold a beast without 
 a license in a place within the City limits, other than the 
 Corporation market place ; he was lined 20s. The fine 
 was not enforced — in fact it was remitted. Whether the 
 act of grace came from the Governor because the Cor- 
 poration had gone beyond their powers, or from the 
 Corporation because they could not carry them out is 
 now unknown. From what has gone before, it does not 
 seem probable the Governor would help the Council in 
 assuming new functions. About this time disputes arose 
 as to the possession of the slaughter-houses. They had 
 been transferred to the Corporation by Governor Gawler, 
 and a great deal of money had been spent upon them in 
 making them suitable for city purposes, so they wanted 
 to retain them. The Governor, however, demurred to 
 the request. He was willing to grant a three year's 
 lease of these buildings to the Corporation on payment 
 of rent calculated at 10 per cent on the Government 
 outlay, paid quarterly ; and in default of any payment 
 the lease should be forfeited. After considerable nego- 
 tiation, and much unpleasant feeling, it was at last 
 conceded by Governor Grey that the Corporation should 
 remain in possession as tenants at will — without rent — 
 so that they might repay themselves by the fees charged 
 for their outlay upon the buildings. It will be remem- 
 bered that the Governor had declined to constitute a 
 Mayor's Court, or to give it jurisdiction in cases of debt 
 not exceeding £20, but in September he intimated his
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 55 
 
 intention of making certain changes in tlae Resident 
 Magistrate's Court so as to give it the power of the 
 Court of Requests. At the same time he considered 
 that it was not advisable, considering the general 
 condition of the province, to concede to the Corporation 
 power to appoint a Sheriff for the City. 
 
 The state of the City Council all through the year 
 was most unsatisfactory. The members were at almost 
 open war with the Governor, and their internal relations 
 were not of the most cordial character. Resolutions 
 which were intended to have a powerful effect on the 
 mind of the Secretary of State in England were 
 weakened by considerable want of unanimity amongst 
 the Councillors, and by protests which accompanied 
 them to their destination. When it was determined that 
 the petition to Her Majesty should be adopted and 
 forwarded through ' His Excellency in due course, the 
 resolution was saddled with the following protest, which 
 went far to undo all that the petition was calculated to 
 do, as the distinct expression of the views of the only 
 representative body in the province : — 
 
 " First — That its political character is in opposition 
 to a Standing Order of this Council, which, although 
 suspended for the present occasion, has been improperly 
 so done. 
 
 " Second — That the subject-matter of the petition is 
 in direct opposition to the spirit of a protest formerly 
 entered upon the minutes of the Council. 
 
 " Third — That there is no necessity for interference 
 by this Council in the present political proceedings of
 
 66 CITY or ADELAIDE. 
 
 the Government, as no right of this Corporation has 
 been infringed. 
 
 " Fourth — That such interference by the Council in 
 the political affairs of the Province is not required, in so 
 far as the inhabitants of the City have already taken all 
 necessary steps to place upon record their views. 
 
 " That such interference in the affairs of the in- 
 habitants by this Council has not been desired, and is 
 therefore wholly gratuitous." 
 
 It seems as if the embarrassed state of the colony, 
 which principally affected the City, had exasperated 
 everyone. The Corporation had no money. Early in 
 the year the Finance Committee, as a desperate resource, 
 determined to issue scrip so as to satisfy their creditors 
 for a time, and to establish some kind of circulating 
 medium which would enable them to do something in 
 furtherance of the objects for which the Corporation was 
 constituted. The resolution on which this proceeding 
 was founded was — " That scrip be issued under the seal 
 of the Corporation to the creditors for their several 
 amounts, and that where a creditor may require it, as 
 many scrip may be issued as he may wish to make 
 up the sum due to him, provided that no scrip be issued 
 under £10, except where the whole debt may be less 
 than that amount, and that His Worship the Mayor be 
 requested to prepare a form of such scrip, and submit 
 the same to the next meeting of Council." The limit 
 was subsequently reduced to £5, and the proviso that 
 the Corporation reserved the right of paying the scrip 
 off" at pleasure was omitted from the form. 
 
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 [See Page 56.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 58 
 
 We do not find from the original Municipal Act that 
 there was any legal authority for this proceeding. 
 However, no question was raised against it, and the 
 scrip was taken and circulated without demur. The 
 Government was not much better off than the Corpo- 
 ration in point of means. Governor Grey's resources 
 were limited, and they were taxed to the utmost. He 
 could do but little, yet everything was expected from 
 him. He tells us in his despatch to Lord Stanley 
 (October 24th, 1842) — "On one occasion several 
 hundred men, in an organised body, marched up to the 
 Terrace at Government House. I was several times 
 threatened with personal violence. Tumultuous meetings 
 were held ; seditious language was used. The police 
 were tampered with. I was often warned that some 
 popular outbreak would take place, and yet, from the 
 absence of a military force, I was for some time left 
 without adequate means of resisting any attempt that 
 might be made, and yet of such an attempt I was often 
 in hourly expectation." The following extract from the 
 South Australian (March 3rd, 1843) shows what the 
 Home Government had thought of the present and future 
 of South Australia, and how they proposed to meet the 
 emergency that had arisen : — " In the month of August 
 last His Excellency received instructions from the Right 
 Hon. the Secretary for the Colonies to send to Sydney 
 all the laboring immigrants at present on Government 
 works. His Excellency's conduct on getting these 
 instructions was decisive. Upon a memorial signed by 
 30 persons being presented to him, in which it was stated
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 59 
 
 the great evils to the colony that would result from 
 compliance with the Right Hon. Secretary's instruc- 
 tions, His Excellency at once declared his intention to 
 disobey his instructions, keep on the immigrants at an 
 expense of upwards of £4,000 per quarter and by 
 incurring a very heavy responsibility, save the colony 
 from the grevious consequences of such a proceeding. 
 Since that time we are happy to say that the immigrants 
 on the Government works have all got employment from 
 the settlers, so that in place of 300 or 400 the 
 Government could not now send three or four able- 
 bodied persons to the settlement in question."* 
 
 In the meantime the Home Government had seriously 
 considered the position of South Australia, and had 
 adopted a course of policy far more effectual in restoring 
 confidence and prosperity than such an expedient as that 
 just mentioned. It is fuU}^ set out in the despatch of Lord 
 Stanley to Governor Grey (September 6th, 1842), from 
 which we quote. " I transmit to you for your informa- 
 tion a copy of the estimate of sums which have been 
 voted by Parliament to enable Her Majesty to liquidate 
 certain Bills, drawn by your predecessor and yourself 
 since the end of 1840. These sums consist of £27,900 
 for the payment of Governor Gawler's Bills on the 
 
 * Extract from Despatch of Governor Grey to Lord Stanley, December 26th, 
 1842. — "Had I at once sent all the emigrants away, the colony would have been 
 irretrievably ruined ; and the whole expenditure laid out xipon it would have been 
 utterlj' lost. I should, in the first instance, have had to send away 2,427 souls, 
 that is on€-!<i.rth part of the whole population ; the fact of my having done so 
 would have made paupers of a great many more, who must have been removed in 
 the same manner, and there would have been no laborers remaining in the colony 
 to produce food for those who were left. It is difficult to forsee what tlie ultimate 
 results of such a proceeding would have been ; but it is certain that the expense 
 of removing so many individuals would have been very gi'eat, probably far 
 greater than that which has been incurred under the system I have pursued. "
 
 60 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Colonization Commissioners, and £32,646 to meet Bills 
 drawn by you, or which it is estimated that you may be 
 absolutely required to draw for the support of paupei" 
 immigrants. These sums being in addition to the sum of 
 £155,000 voted last year as a loan and converted by the 
 presetit Act into a free gift, and also to the charge iji 
 respect of the interest of the bonded debt of the colony, 
 temporarily assumed by the consolidated debt of this 
 country. I trust it is unnecessary for me to express my 
 confident hope that the liberality displayed by Parlia- 
 ment towards the Colony of South Australia, at a period 
 of considerable financial embarrassment, will be an 
 additional motive with yourself and the colonists, by 
 every possible reduction and economy, to render 
 unnecessary any future appeal to Parliament for pecu- 
 niary assistance." This despatch covered " an Act to 
 provide for the better Government of South Australia," 
 and it directed that its provisions ^should come into 
 operation by proclamation within one calender month 
 after its receipt in the Colony.
 
 CITy OF ADELAIDE, 61' 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The publication of this welcome news did much to 
 restore confidence, more especially as it took place at 
 a time when signs of material improvement in the 
 development of the resources of the young community 
 l)egan to appear. The first exportation of grain from 
 South Australia took place early in 1843 (South 
 Australian, 14th February). The South Australian 
 Company shipped 260 bags of flour to Western Aus- 
 tralia, and Mr. S. Stocks, junr., in conjunction with 
 Messrs. Hamilton and Co., shipped a large parcel of 
 wheat to Mauritius. The large sum which had been 
 written off in favor of South Australia had been 
 expended — wisely or not — to some extent in improve- 
 ments in the City, from which it derived the direct 
 advantage, and the remainder had been applied to pur- 
 poses from which it benefitted largely, although in an 
 indirect way. This concession on the part of the 
 Imperial Government did not improve the relations 
 which existed between the Governor and the Corpora- 
 tion. The hostile feeling between them continued 
 unabated, until it culminated in the collapse of the 
 Corporation.
 
 62 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 In October, 1842, the time came round for the 
 election of a Mayor and two Aldermen. On the 21st of 
 that month the Common Council met at the Municipal 
 Office in Hindley-street, and the following gentlemen 
 attended : — Alderman Peacock, Wm. Gilchrist Lambert, 
 Jacob Hagen, Edward Stepliens, Alexander Lang Elder, 
 John Brown, George Morphett, Charles Mann, Walter 
 Watson Hughes, Henry Mildred, Edmund Trimmer, 
 R. F. Newland, Richard Eales Borrow, Andrew Birrell, 
 Robt. Forsyth Macgeorge, John Baker, John FinUy Duff, 
 and Henry Weston Phillips. Messrs. J. Baker, J. Hagen, 
 R. F. Newland, and E. Stephens, declined to act and 
 refused to sign the declaration of qualification. The 
 other gentlemen complied with the necessary forms, and 
 elected Mr. Wilson their chairman, before proceeding to 
 the choice of the Mayor and Aldermen. Mr. Trimmer 
 and Mr. Morphett were then elected Aldermen, and Mr. 
 Wilson, Mayor. Whatever hopes might have been 
 entertained by the public of an accommodation of the 
 differences which existed between the Governor and the 
 Corporation, they were completely dispelled by an 
 article published in the Register newspaper on the day 
 succeeding the election, from which we give an extract 
 — " The disrespect with which Captain Grey treated the 
 late Corporation, and on account of which he was obliged 
 so frequently to ' knuckle under ' in return, is said to 
 have arisen from his personal dislike to one or two of its 
 members ; but as these no longer sustain any Corporate 
 Office, it is to be hoped that His Excellency will be 
 made alive to the folly of further persisting in his
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 63 
 
 attempt to frustrate the wishes of the representatives of 
 the people, or, at all events, will endeavor to oppose 
 them, not by any disreputable shifts similar to that of 
 which we have lately had such a painful exhibition, but 
 by the adoption of a manly and dignified course. Of 
 the respectability of the Council Captain Grey can no 
 longer doubt ; for without any disparagement either to 
 His Excellency or His Excellency's advisers, it may 
 safely be said that the Corporation of Adelaide now 
 boasts of as much wealth, intelligence, and influence as is 
 to be found in all the departments of the public service 
 taken together. On this fact we place no further reliance 
 other than the reason why Captain Grey should seek to 
 co-operate rather than drive them into open acts of 
 hostility towards his administration." 
 
 Nothing had been done to provoke this attack, and it 
 does not seem to have been endorsed by the City 
 Council, nevertheless it had its effect out of doors, and 
 it did not tend to turn Governor Grey from the 
 previously expressed policy of reserving the power in a 
 new Act of placing the Corporation in such a position as 
 to make it dependent upon the will of the officer to 
 whom the administration of the Government might at 
 any time be confided. The City Council was not 
 satisfied with its position, and the members were by no 
 means in harmony with each other, nor even with the 
 order of proceedings which had been adopted. Some 
 error in the minutes gave rise to considerable discussion 
 on the 27th of October, and it was proposed to adjourn 
 the meeting so that they might be amended before being
 
 64 GITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 confirmed. This not unreasonable proposal led to the 
 subjoined forcible protest by Mr. Alderman Morphett 
 against the resolution which it was sought to amend : — 
 " The undersigned protests against the above resolution, 
 because such resolution alludes to minutes, and to other 
 matters, assuming the validity of the late election, 
 whereas the undersigned considers that the validity of 
 the late election, and the steps which should be taken to 
 enable the Corporate duties to be carried on, should 
 have been first ascertained." 
 
 This fell apparently harmless. The validity or 
 otherwise of the election was not tested, and things 
 went on much as before, except that no attempt was 
 made at doing anything for the improvement of the City. 
 The members of the Corporation whose election was 
 generally deemed to be valid, thought it was necessary 
 to fill up the vacancies in the number of Common 
 Councilmen caused by the refusal of Messrs. Baker, 
 Hagen, R. F. Newland, and Stephens to act. It was 
 resolved on 28th October " that the vacancies of four 
 Common Councilmen be forthwith filled up by electing 
 the four gentlemen who have the majority of votes after 
 the name of H. W. Phillips, Esq., and that thereupon 
 application be made to the Government for an Act of 
 Council to declare the validity of the Council so con- 
 stituted, and to make such alterations in the enactments 
 as shall remove all future doubts and difficulties." The 
 Returning Officer (Mr. Wilson) could only succeed in 
 inducing Messrs. Newland and Baker to sign the neces- 
 sary declaration ; the other two still refused. When
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 65 
 
 this fact was brought before the Council, a fresh 
 resolution was arrived at — " That the minutes of last 
 meeting, relative to obtaining an Act to declare the 
 Coimcil properly constituted, and to amend the Municipal 
 Act, be acted upon, leaving it open for the local 
 authorities to consider whether four more Councillors 
 shall be immediately elected, or whether they shall be 
 elected after the new Act is obtained, and that Thomas 
 Wilson, Esq., be solicited to wait upon His Excellency 
 on the subject, and, if necessary, that a deputation be 
 appointed for the purpose." 
 
 This was a step in the right direction, but it was 
 attended with no good results. The members of the 
 Corporation formed themselves into a deputation to wait 
 upon the Governor. The interview took place, and His 
 Excellency gave a general promise to do what he could, 
 but he declined to commit himself to any expression of 
 opinion upon the principal points on which the Council 
 desired an indication of his intentions. He su2:o;ested 
 that a petition to the Governor and Legislative Council 
 should be drawn up, in which the views of the Corpora- 
 tion should be embodied, and if that were done he would 
 attend to it at an early date. This petition was to come 
 from the Returning Officer. It was drawn up and for- 
 warded, but no assurance was received from the 
 Executive that its prayer would be complied Avith. The 
 petition was forwarded on November 4th, 1842. On 
 January 12th, 1843, the Coimcillors met to consider 
 some communications from the Colonial Secretary. 
 After much debate, they agreed to this resolution, which
 
 66 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 was forwarded to His Excellency : — " Resolved, that the 
 gentlemen who were returned to the Common Council in 
 October last, having had laid before them the petition 
 presented to His Excellency the Governor and the 
 Legislative Council by the Returning Officer on the 4th 
 November last, and the letters of the Colonial Secretary 
 to the Returning Officer of the 7th of the same month, 
 and of the 9th of December last, having considered 
 these communications, and being of opinion that the past 
 delay has been injurious, and has prevented the Corpora- 
 tion from carrying on their necessary proceedings, feel 
 deep regret at not having yet received any communication 
 from the Government stating that the proper steps are 
 being taken to legalise the late return (if it be necessary), 
 and to enable the Corporation to have such powers and 
 authorities as usually belong to Corporate bodies ; and 
 they most urgently but respectfully solicit the prompt 
 attention of His Excellency the Governor and the Legis- 
 lative Council to the subject. That with respect to the 
 passage in the Colonial Secretary's letter of the 7th 
 November last, recommending the Corporation not to 
 incur expenditure, the meeting believing that such 
 recommendation is made from an attentive regard to the 
 interests of the public, have only to remark that the 
 Returning Officer took the earliest opportunity of laying 
 the case before His Excellency the Governor ; and 
 should any expenditure have been incurred during the 
 past delay it has not been occasioned by any one con- 
 nected with the Corporation."
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 67 
 
 A few days afterwards a letter was received from 
 the Colonial Secretary, the result of which was that the 
 Corporation determined to appeal to the Supreme Court 
 to test the validity of their proceedings. They deemed 
 it requisite " that such proceedings should be adopted as 
 might be required to obtain the opinion of His Honor 
 the Judge as to the best means (if possible) of com- 
 pleting the election of October last ; and if it should be 
 decided by His Honor that such means do not exist, 
 then that this meeting shall adopt such further ulterior 
 proceedings as may within the smallest lapse of time call 
 into active existence the Corporate privileges of the 
 citizens of Adelaide." 
 
 No legal proceedings appear to have been taken in 
 consequence of this resolution. In the meantime the 
 functi.ms of the Corporation were allowed to rest 
 imused. They did not meet until March 30th, and then 
 only to pass a resolution again urging upon the Governor 
 the necessity of amending the Municipal Act : — " That 
 the Eeturning Officer at the late election of Common 
 Councilinen in October last be requested to make a 
 respectful application to His Excellency the Governor to 
 make such amendments in the Act of Council estab- 
 lishing a Municipal Corporation as may be considered 
 necessary to give it full efficiency, and to remove any 
 difficulty that may be thought to have attended the last 
 election." 
 
 This communication remained unanswered. Having 
 at best an uncertain legal existence, and possessing no 
 resources, the City Council did not meet again until
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 June 1st, when the members were called together by the 
 Mayor, because the furniture belonging to the Corpora- 
 tion had been seized for rent and publicly offered for 
 sale. The City Treasurer was authorised to buy in the 
 goods at the sale, and the Mayor requested to ascertain 
 whether the Colonial Treasurer would pay an order for 
 the purchase money, if drawn. There is no record of 
 the reply, but we may presume that it was favorable, for 
 we find the Corporation keeping possession of the rooms 
 rented by them till August. The Mayor (Mr. Wilson) 
 and Alderman Peacock, who, as the South Australian 
 teUs us (June 6th, 1843), were the only two members of 
 the Corporation about the validity of whose election 
 there appeared to be no question, waited upon the 
 Governor to ascertain what he proposed to do under the 
 circumstances. His Excellency informed them that he 
 was expecting dispatches which would contain a dis- 
 allowance of the Municipal Act. It contained so many 
 errors and imperfections that it would be impossible for 
 any one to conduct the business of a Corporation under 
 it. If it were disallowed, and ordered to be amended, 
 he would introduce a new bill into the Legislative 
 C/Ouncil as soon as possible, a bill founded as nearly as 
 could be upon the English law, but modified, of course, 
 to meet tlie circumstances of the colony. He added that 
 if it should appear from the informadon and the opinions 
 of the non-official members of the Legislative Coimcil 
 that the colony was not prepared for, o-r in a situation to 
 make use of a Municipal Corporation, its aflfairs must be 
 wound up and its debts discharged. In any case he
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 69 
 
 required a statement of the affairs of the Corporation as 
 soon as convenient. When the Corporation commenced 
 afresh, it was advisable that it should be free from debt, 
 and in possession of funds. He entertained no doubt 
 that there would be a Corporation. Alderman Peacock 
 called attention to the great difficulty there had been in 
 getting the slaughterhouse fees. His Excellency stated 
 that he had been applied to on the subject, and he had 
 taken the advice of the Advocate- General on the 
 question, and it had been ascertained that although 
 parties were boimd to slaughter their cattle there, no 
 provision had been made in the Act for exacting any 
 fees ! This was the kind of legislation which had 
 inaugurated the first Municipal Institution in South 
 Australia. Matters remained in this state until the 17th 
 of August, when some of the members of the City 
 Council who had been elected in 1841 attended, at the 
 request of the Town Clerk, to consider what could be 
 done to preserve the existence of the Corporation. 
 There was no quorum. Mr. Spence, the Town Clerk 
 laid before those who were assembled a statement which 
 is subjoined : — " I beg leave to state that this meeting 
 has been called in consequence of an opinion prevailing 
 among the creditors of the Corporation that you have it 
 in your power to expedite their payment by setting the 
 machinery in motion for another election. I had pre- 
 pared for Council a short statement of the facts of the 
 case, but have not been able to procure a written opinion 
 for want of the necessary fee. I believe, however, that 
 I can state pretty accurately the opinions of our three
 
 70 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 leading barristers on the subject. The Advocate- G eneral 
 is of opinion that the Corporation is defunct, and that it 
 can only be revived by a Legislative enactment, in 
 regard to which the Government are in daily expectation 
 of receiving instructions from England. Mr. Fisher 
 is understood to concur in effect with the opinion of the 
 Advocate-General, but to differ from him in regard to 
 the validity of his own resignation as Mayor. Mr. 
 Maun a2:rees with the Advocate- General in regard to 
 the illegality of Mr. Fisher's resignation ; but is of 
 opinion that the Council possesses the power of doing all 
 necessary acts to continue the existence of the Corpora- 
 tion, provided Mr. Fisher resumes the chair. Such 
 being the conflicting legal opinions in reference to this, 
 it remains for the meeting to consider whether it would 
 be of any use to proceed to the nomination of an Auditor 
 of accounts and Returning Officer, with a view to 
 another election ; or whether it would not be more 
 prudent to wait for the decision of the Home Govern- 
 ment, which must ultimately decide the matter, and 
 control any proceedings that may now be adopted. I 
 trust, under the circumstances, it will not be considered 
 that I have exceeded the line of my duty in calling this 
 meeting, which, I may add, was done before I was aware 
 of the Advocate- General's opinion." 
 
 The meeting w^as adjourned until the 21st August. 
 Most of those present were of opinion that nothing so 
 far had been done to cause a forfeiture of the privileges 
 conferred by the Act, but if it was neglected to appoint 
 a Returning Officer to preside at the elections which
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 71 
 
 should take place in the following October, the Corporate 
 powers would lapse, and the Corporation cease to exist. 
 On the 2Jst there was still no quorum, and on the 22nd 
 the Soiith Australian wrote: — "We understand there 
 was still no quorum at tlie proposed meeting yesterday 
 of the Councillors appointed in 1841. It api)ears, there- 
 fore, that the old Councillors have also abandoned the 
 Corporation to its fate. After the 31st an unquestionable 
 act of forfeiture will have been committed, and the 
 Corporation will be legally extinct." In the same month 
 the landlord took possession of the room that had been 
 used as a Council-chamber, and the furniture and the 
 records of the Corporation were removed. 
 
 The Council met again on the 21st September to 
 appoint a Committee to frame a memorial to the 
 (xovernor and Legislative Council praying them to pass 
 some measure to enable the citizens to proceed to the 
 election of Common Councilmen at the usual season of 
 the year. The Committee consisted of the Mayor (Mr. 
 Wilson), Messrs. Lambert, Morphett, Mildred, and 
 Brown. On the 28th the Committee brought up their 
 report, and the memorial framed by them was agreed to. 
 It was entrusted to Mr. J. Hagen, who was requested to 
 present it to the Legislative Council at its first meeting 
 on the lOtli October following' : — 
 
 " To His Excellency George Grey, Esquire, Governor 
 
 and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of South 
 
 Australia, and to the Honorable the Legislative 
 
 Council of the same Province. 
 
 " The memorial of the parties whose names are 
 
 undersigned, persons elected to serve as Common
 
 72 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Coiincilmen of the Muaicipal Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide, sheweth — 
 
 " That an Act was, in the fourth year of her present 
 Majesty, passed by the Legislative Council of this 
 Province for establishing a Municipal Corporation for 
 the City of Adelaide. 
 
 " That the first Council of the said Corporation was 
 elected on the 30th day of October, 1840, and on the 
 expiration of their term of office, a second Council was 
 elected, and the year of office of such second Coimcil 
 terminated on the 21st day of October, 1842. 
 
 " That the necessary steps were taken for the election 
 of a Council for the year beginning on the 21st day of 
 October, 1842, and your memorialists, with other persons, 
 were at such last-mentioned period elected, but after the 
 election it appeared doubtful whether any valid meeting 
 of the Common Council so elected could be held by 
 reason of the deficiency in the number of persons 
 required by the said Act to form the said Common 
 Council, several parties elected having declined to serve 
 the said office, or take the required declaration, whereby 
 the election was considered to be incomplete or void, 
 and could not be completed or rendered valid by reason 
 of defects in the said Act. 
 
 " That your memorialists have therefore been unable 
 to hold any meeting of Common Councilmen since that 
 time for any of the purposes of the said Act, and the 
 duties which your memorialists were ready to perform 
 have been consequently suspended from the period of 
 the last election of Common Councilmen imder the said
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 73 
 
 Act in October last to the present time, although there 
 were many and important matters for the benelit of the 
 City of Adelaide which required the attention of the 
 Council. 
 
 " That your memorialists believe the said Act to be 
 materially imperfect, not only in the respects aforesaid, 
 but also in various other equally important respects, for 
 enabling the said Municipal Corporation to perform the 
 duties upon the members thereof devolving. 
 
 " That the said Act was prepared wholly under the 
 direction of the Executive of this Province, and it was 
 not until the first Council of the Corporation assembled 
 that it was found that in practice the said Act was very 
 deficient in its operations, and very ambiguous and 
 doubtful in its forms. 
 
 •' That your memorialists, being anxious to carry the 
 objects of the said Act into effect, did immediately on 
 the suggestion of doubts of the legality of their election 
 and its consequences, use every endeavor to procure the 
 necessary amendments of the said Act, to enable them 
 to perform their duties, and have from time to time 
 continued so to do, as will appear from the correspon- 
 dence and statements of proceedings which accompany 
 this memorial; and from which statements it will also 
 appear that your memorialists have availed themselves 
 of the earliest opportunity of bringing before the 
 Legislative Council the consequences which have ensued 
 from the defective state of the said Act. 
 
 •• That the usual annual period for the election of 
 Common Coimcilmen for the said City is now rapidly
 
 74 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 approaching, after a lapse of nearly twelve months of total 
 suspension of operations of the said Common Council, 
 to the inconvenience of the Municipality and of the 
 creditors of the Corporation, whose debts have long 
 since been incurred, and who have suffered much from 
 the delay and expense which have arisen. 
 
 "Your memorialists therefore pray the Legislative 
 Council of this Province to take such immediate 
 steps as may be necessary for enabling the citizens 
 of Adelaide to proceed to a valid election in the 
 month of October next of proper persons to serve as 
 Common Councilmen for the said City of Adelaide, 
 either by the amendment of the present Act for 
 establishing a Municipal Corporation for the City of 
 Adelaide, or by passing a new Act for that purpose, and 
 so to amend the said Act, or to frame the said new Act 
 as that it may contain all necessary provisions for 
 establishing and regulating a Municipal Corporation in 
 the said City, and may enable parties acting under it, 
 when duly elected and appointed, to carry the same into 
 effective operation, and to confirm the proceedings of 
 the parties who have hitherto acted as a Municipal 
 Corporation under the provisions of this Act. 
 " Adelaide, 28th September, 1843." 
 
 This petition was presented to the Legislative 
 Council on the 11th October, and on the following 
 day Mr. Hagen enquired whether it was intended during 
 that session to introduce any measure relating to the 
 Corporation of the City of Adelaide. The Governor 
 replied that he hourly expected a despatch from England
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 75 
 
 respecting that subject, and that it would be better to 
 wait until that communication was received, instead of 
 proceeding with any measure which might afterwards 
 require to be altered. The Secretary of State had 
 objected to some of the novel principles in the Act, and 
 had directed him to report how it had worked in practice. 
 He ha,d done so, and he waited further instructions. 
 
 The preparation of this memorial was the last act of 
 the City Council. Its members did not meet again. 
 No steps had been taken to appoint a Returning Officer 
 for the elections, nor to cause any elections to be held. 
 The citizens did nothing, so the time for holding them 
 passed away in apathy and inaction, and the Corporation 
 became legally defunct.
 
 76 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Owing to the confusion in which the affairs of the 
 Corporation had been ever since the election of 1842, 
 little in the shape of public improvement could have 
 been expected. The most necessary and pressing works 
 were neglected, or held in abeyance, and the uncertainty 
 which prevailed as to what was likely to be the future 
 condition of the Corporation under Governor Grey's 
 proposed new Bill, paralysed all energy. The only thing 
 of any public importance that was achieved was the 
 repairing of the City Bridge. This structure, never of 
 a first-class character, had fallen into a bad state from 
 neglect and heavy traffic, and bid fair at no distant period 
 to become quite impassable. The Corporation could not 
 do anything to improve its condition ; they were without 
 funds, and absolutely without authority to interfere with 
 it, and no application seems to have been made to them 
 on the subject. A few persons, however, who were 
 principally interested in maintaining the communication 
 between the north and south divisions of the City, met at 
 Mr. Macgeorge's house to consider what could be done. 
 It was determined to apply to the Government for
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 77 
 
 assistance in getting the bridge restored. The Governor 
 obtained a report from the Surveyor- General on its 
 condition, and then informed the parties interested of 
 the result. A deputation waited upon the Governor to 
 ascertain what his intentions were. From the plan and 
 specification prepared by the Surveyor- General it 
 appeared that it would cost about £300 to do what 
 was required, viz., to build two stone piers suitable for 
 carrying an arch at some future time, to raise the plat- 
 form two feet in height, and to make proper approaches 
 on both sides of the river. The Governor agreed to 
 have the work done and completed in six weeks if the 
 inhabitants would subscribe £150 towards the cost. The 
 gentlemen who formed the deputation then called a 
 meeting of those who had expressed willingness to 
 subscribe towards the funds, but no one attended. It 
 appeared that those gentlemen had not been appointed or 
 recognised by the subscribers, who wished to erect the 
 bridge themselves without any interference on the part 
 of the Government, and who in fact had already entered 
 into a contract for the purpose. On May 1st they met 
 at Wheland's Hotel, when it appeared from the collector's 
 report that £70 18s. had been received, £11 18s. promised 
 in work, and £18 15s. was still uncollected. The total 
 was £101 lis. Mr. T. Jones, of Waymouth-street, had 
 contracted to complete the bridge according to plans 
 produced to the meeting, for £58 15s., and to complete 
 the work in one month. The Governor, at the request 
 of a deputation, allowed the Committee to take stone 
 from the Park Lands, as well as any timber that might
 
 78 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 be required, subject to the approval of the Surveyor- 
 General. An architect was engaged to superintend the 
 work, which was finished by the middle of June. On 
 the 17th of that month the ceremony of opening and 
 naming the bridge took place. The Mayor (Mr. T. 
 Wilson) proceeded thither in a carriage, and was met by 
 a large number of the citizens on horseback and on foot ; 
 a large assemblage of ladies also attended. The Mayor 
 congratulated the citizens and other colonists upon their 
 public spirit, for it was by means of their subscriptions 
 alone that the work had been carried out. He then 
 broke a bottle of wine upon the structure, and named it 
 the " City Bridge." A luncheon at the Tasmanian Hotel 
 closed the proceedings. It will be seen that even in a 
 matter of such usefulness, distrust towards the Govern- 
 ment was manifested. The subscribers would not permit 
 of any Government participation in the work. They 
 accepted from the Executive only that which cost nothing, 
 but which could not be obtained from another source 
 without adding greatly to that which they proposed 
 to do. 
 
 Early in the year (February 18th) the first stone of 
 a monument to the memory of Colon* 1 Light — the first 
 Surveyor- General — who had died in October, 1839, was 
 erected by private subscription over his last resting- 
 place in Light-square, in the centre of which his remains 
 had been interred. The memorial is a Gothic pillar, and 
 was designed by Mr. (now Sir George) Kingston, and 
 erected by Mr. Samuel Lewis, of Hindley -street, at a 
 cost of £460. From that date until 18 76 the monument
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 79 
 
 remained without any inscription to commemorate the 
 memory of an able and conscientious public servant, to 
 whose excellent judgment we owe the selection of one of 
 the finest sites in Australia as the Capital of this 
 Province. The inscription it now bears is — 
 
 ERECTED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE PIONEERS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA 
 IN MEMORY 
 
 OF 
 
 COLONEL WILLIAM LIGHT, 
 
 FiKST Survevor-Gener^vl, 
 
 AND 
 
 By Whom 
 THE SITE OF ADELAIDE WAS FIXED 
 
 On the 29th December, 1836. 
 
 Died 5th October, 1839, 
 Aged 51 Years. 
 
 Buried under this Monu:ment 10th October, 1839. 
 
 The collapse of the first Corporation vi-\.i not fol- 
 lowed by any steps on the part of the Governor to call 
 a new one into existence. His avowed policy was to 
 obtain an Act empowering him to abridge, amend, or 
 take away the rights vested in tlie Corporation under 
 the Act No. 4 of the 4th Victoria. Such n), Act was 
 now uimecessary. The powers of the Corporation had 
 lapsed, and His Excellency made no attempt to revive 
 them during the rest of the term of his administration
 
 80 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of the Government, wbich ended on the 25th October, 
 1845. The City of Adelaide during this period occupied 
 no better position in relation to the Government than 
 any of the villages which now began to spring up around 
 it. If the streets or roads required repairing, the 
 citizens subscribed for the purpose of providing the 
 requisite funds, and they received occasionally such 
 assistance only as the Governor chose to give. This 
 was a most unfair position for a city which numbered 
 about 7,000 inhabitants to occupy. Whatever improve- 
 ments might be made were for the common benefit, but 
 the expense fell on a few. No regularity of procedure 
 was encouraged, and, therefore, no systematic effort 
 could be made to deal with the requirements of the City 
 as a whole. Whatever was done was only for the 
 purpose of meeting limited and strictly local necessities. 
 The few operations which could be undertaken were on 
 a small scale, confined to some leading thoroughfares, 
 and to portions only of those. A meeting was called on 
 April 26th, 1844, to concert measures to repair the 
 causeways and street crossings before the wet weather 
 set in. It was understood that the Government had 
 devoted a small sum for the repair of Hindley and 
 Rundle-streets, and that a private subscription had been 
 made for the same purpose. The meeting was held on 
 the 3rd May. The resolutions agreed to at that time 
 were that not only parts of Hindley and Rundle- 
 streets required repairing, but portions of Grenfell- 
 street, Currie- street, Pirie-street, Waymouth-street, King 
 William -street, Stephens-place, Gawler-place, Leigh-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 81 
 
 «treet, Rosina-street, and crossings at such spots as 
 might be fixed upon. It was in truth a statement that 
 the whole of the city as making a centre of population 
 then, required dealing with. The Government of the 
 day did not depart, as far as can be traced, from the 
 original project made by themselves. The public grant 
 did a little, private subscriptions did something else, and 
 the rest remained as it had been. 
 
 Early in 1845 a bridge had been projected to cross 
 the Torrens in a line with Morphett-street. Money had 
 been subscribed for the purpose of building a bridge on 
 the "old site." The views of the subscribers did not 
 seem to have much weight, because tenders were 
 accepted by the Government for a bridge in the direction 
 which the Government officials had chosen. When 
 tenders were sent in by Messrs. James & Thomas, of 
 the Gawler-place of those days, alterations in the design 
 were required by the Government. The contractors 
 declined to accede to them ; they repudiated the 
 contract, and the matter fell through for a time. 
 
 The Corporation — or rather tliose who had helped to 
 form it a few years earlier — could bring no influence to 
 bear upon the Government As a body they were 
 extinct ; moreover, in debt — in fact insolvent. The 
 scrip which had been issued had served a temporary 
 purpose, but it served it no longer. On the 4th July, 
 1845, a petition was presented to the Governor and 
 Legislative Council, praying the Government to pav the 
 debts due by the Corporation. This petition was 
 declared by the Governor, who then was ex officio
 
 82 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 President of the Legislative Council, to be informal. 
 His Excellency at the same time stated that he would 
 bring in a Bill to repeal the Corporations Act. This 
 promise bore no fruit during his reign. Governor Robe 
 as the South Australian tells us (October 21st, 1845), 
 was sworn in privately on the 17th of that month, whilst 
 Captain Grey, whom he was to succeed, had been 
 actually appointed Governor of New Zealand. Colonel 
 Robe held office so far only as Lieutenant-Governor. 
 We need not now speculate on the policy which 
 Governor Grey gave to his Lieutenant. Official 
 documents tell us nothing, but other sources of informa- 
 not less reliable point to the conclusion that Captain 
 Grey had intended to keep South Australia in a position 
 of being to all intents and purposes a Crown colony, 
 not with the idea of making it a transport dependency — 
 which was forbidden by Act — but one through whose 
 peculiar position the dictation of a special policy might 
 emanate and influence the other Australian dependencies 
 of the Crown. An attempt, in fact, was made by the 
 manager of the South Australian Company (before 
 Governor Grey left office) to introduce into South 
 Australia convict boys from Parkhurst prison. This 
 scheme was resisted by the colonists, and was utterly 
 repudiated and refused by the Secretary of State. It 
 would not be just to such a prudent and far-seeing ruler 
 as Captain Grey to suppose that he had sanctioned or 
 countenanced such a proposal, but the fact that it was 
 made during his administration showed some of the 
 ideas which many in the colony formed of the probable 
 results of his policy.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 83 
 
 Colonel Robe, when he succeeded to the Government, 
 seemed no more inclined to revive the old Corporation, 
 nor to create a new one, than Captain Grey had been. 
 This consideration, however, forced itself upon him, that 
 if Adelaide was ever to become a centre of trade and 
 population of real importance, its immediate condition 
 must be cared for. A different system of finance, as far 
 as it was concerned, must be begun. A strong feeling 
 had arisen against the unsatisfactory condition of affairs, 
 which actually cast a great part of the burthen of 
 keeping some portions of the City in passable order upon 
 a few persons in such a way as to become substantially 
 a personal tax. The Government at the same time was 
 wearied out with continual appeals for assistance in 
 carrying out small projects. These appeals, from their 
 nature and amount, could at most only relieve urgent 
 wants in a temporary degree. Colonel Robe determined 
 to solve the difficulty in a manner which doubtless would 
 have been adopted by Captain Grey, if he had been in 
 the colony, to enforce his own notions of the government 
 of the City. 
 
 In the proceedings of the Legislative Council of the 
 26th June, 1845, we find that Mr. Morphett asked the 
 Governor whether he intended to introduce a Bill for 
 amending the Corporation Act, No. 4 of Victoria (1840). 
 On that day His Excellency informed his Coimcil that 
 he had received a petition from the late Mayor of 
 Adelaide with reference to the debts of the Corporation. 
 He intended to submit that, with a statement which 
 accompanied it to the Auditor-General, and afterwards
 
 ^4 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 he would introduce a measure with reference to the 
 Corporation. On the following day he intimated that 
 he did not intend to introduce any Bill to amend the 
 Corporation Act, but only to liquidate such debts as 
 should be found to be justly due. The Act introduced 
 by His Excellency went much further. It provided for 
 the payment of the City debts, but it took special care 
 that the whole of the administration of the metropolitan 
 affairs should remain in the hands of the Crown, and 
 that the owners and occupiers of land within it should 
 pay towards the maintenance of the roads and footways. 
 The citizens could neither resist nor evade. The 
 Governor had a Council whose advice purely was 
 nominal, for he could override all, even that which he 
 might have consented to, by virtue of his power of veto 
 or reservation for the decision of the Crown.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 85 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The very wet winter of 1846 had reduced the 
 Adelaide streets to the condition of a ploughed field. A 
 deputation waited upon the Governor to urge upon him 
 the necessity of doing something to repair the roadway 
 of Hindley-street. His Excellency, however, declined 
 to interfere in the matter. He stated that a large 
 sum had already been expended on it, and he did not 
 consider that he was called upon to go further. 
 As to Morphett- street, he promised to consider what 
 could be done. It appeared that the carriageway was 
 so bad that the bullock-drays used the footways instead, 
 and pedestrians were thus driven into the road. In July 
 the Governor placed £1,500 on the estimates submitted 
 to the Legislative Council for the repair of the City 
 streets, in addition to the sum of £600 which had 
 already been expended upon them. The voting of this 
 amount did not appear to satisfy the public wants, for 
 the South Australian, of July 14th, observes — " The 
 shocking state of the streets and thoroughfares of 
 Adelaide is the subject of imiversal comment. . . . 
 For the last fortnight they have been in a worse state
 
 86 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 than at any time during the last four years, and the 
 misfortune is that there is very little prospect of their 
 being much or permanently improved." The article 
 strongly urged the re-establishment of a Corporation, and 
 asserted that there was a very general feeling in favor 
 of its revival. 
 
 Early in 1846 a number of gentlemen had prepared a 
 scheme for the construction of a railway from Adelaide 
 to the Port, and it was proposed to obtain the co- 
 operation of English capitalists in carrying it into effect. 
 The editor of the South Australian (March 3rd, 1846) 
 seemed to look upon the plan with considerable favor, 
 and hazarded the prophecy that in ten years the colonists 
 might expect to see a railway to the Burra. The capital 
 for the City and Port Railway was fixed at that time at 
 £22,000, and the traffic and receipts were estimated on 
 the following basis : — 
 Five shillings per ton on 20,000 tons carried 
 
 between the two places ... ... ... £5,000 
 
 Passenger traffic .. . ... ... ... ... 1,500 
 
 Increase of traffic in ore, wheat, &c. ... ... 2,500 
 
 £9,000 
 
 Less cost of working the line at 10 per cent, on 
 
 an outlay of £25,000 £2,500 
 
 Leaving for dividend ... ... ... £6,500 
 
 This looked well on paper, but the idea went no 
 further at that time, except that it was proposed to 
 make the railway on the atmospheric principle. In
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 87 
 
 June a prospectus of the Adelaide Railway Company 
 ap])eared in the South Australian. The capital to he 
 raised was £100,000 in 5,000 shares of £20 each. The 
 Committee of Management consisted of the Hons. J. 
 Hagen and J. Morphett, M.'sL.C. ; C. Beck, G. Morpliett, 
 and E. L. Montefiore, Esqs. One thousand shares were 
 reserved for the colony ; but the project came to nothing. 
 Early in August in the same year the promised Bill 
 was laid upon the table of the Legislative Council, and 
 with a few trifling alterations, it became law. This Act 
 (15 of 1847) repealed the Municipal Corporations Act, 
 and vested the whole of the property which had 
 belonged to it in the Crown. It empowered the 
 Grovernor to liquidate the debts of the Corporation from 
 the general revenue of the Province, and authorised the 
 levying of a rate upon all houses and properties within 
 the limits of the Police district, to be calculated upon 
 the net annual value of the property assessed. The 
 assessors were appointed by warrant under the hand of 
 the Police Magistrate. The rate collectors were also 
 appointed by the same functionary. They were required 
 to find security for the proper discharge of their duties, 
 and to account weekly to the Colonial Treasurer. The 
 accounts were to be laid upon the table of the Legislative 
 Council once in every year. This Act was to remain 
 in operation for two years, and in the meantime the 
 inhabitants of Adelaide might decide whether municipal 
 institutions should be re-established. This Bill was not 
 passed without opposition. It was objected that it 
 included two distinct objects, and was thus in opposition
 
 88 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 to the instructions of the Secretary of State ; and it did 
 not contemplate full payment to all who had claims 
 against the Corporation. It became law, however, and 
 under its provisions the sum of £1,098 9s. 4d., which 
 the Auditor- General had declared to l)e due from the 
 Corporation, was ordered to be paid. This amount, 
 however, did not include a considerable sum owing to 
 the Town Clerk, City Surveyor, the Messenger, and the 
 Mayor, for salaries and allowances. It seemed some- 
 what unjust on the part of the Government to refuse 
 payment to those persons, because the Corporation had 
 as much power to contract debts with them as with any 
 other parties, and there was no doubt they had bond 
 fide rendered the services claimed for. They petitioned 
 the Legislative Council on the subject, and it is presumed 
 that their claims were discharged. 
 
 The new Act was immediately put in force, and 
 before the close of the year systematic operations were 
 undertaken for putting the streets in proper order. The 
 rates were levied half-yearly, the amount being sixpence 
 in the £ in each case. From this source during the first 
 year £1,264 13s. 9d. were received, the amount expended 
 during the same period was £4,895 3s. 2d., nearly the 
 whole of which was devoted to the making and repairing 
 of the streets. Another short Bill was also passed to amend 
 the Municipal Bill which had become law in the previous 
 year. It contained nothing very remarkable exce[)t a 
 provision which continued the responsibility of the 
 Corporation in respect of claims which had not been 
 satisfied by the Government, and which also enacted that
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 89 
 
 all liabilities by which any persons or property migiit be 
 bound with regard to such claims should continue in 
 force as if the ordinance had not been passed. It does 
 not appear that any of those claims were enforced 
 against the members of the Corporation in their private 
 capacity. In the same year an Act was passed placing 
 the control of the City Market in the hands of the 
 Commissioner of Police. 
 
 During the year 1846-7 a very large expenditure — 
 considering the state of the Colony— was incurred on 
 the City Bridge. According to an official announce- 
 ment made in the Legislative Council in 1846 — the 
 amount which had been specially authorised by the 
 Home Government for this purpose was £1,696. 
 Shortly after this the bridge over the Torrens was 
 seriously damaged by floods — so badly in fact, that it 
 was stated that many months must elapse before the 
 repairs could be completed. In the following year both 
 the City Bridge and the Frome Bridge were irreparably 
 destroyed. 
 
 During this time no steps were taken by the 
 inhabitants of Adelaide to induce the Governor to restore 
 to them the Municipal institutions which the Act of 1846 
 had taken from them. In May, 1848, a petition was 
 prepared and presented to Governor Robe praying that 
 His Excellency would be graciously pleased to take the 
 subject of re-establishing the Mimicipal Corporation 
 into consideration, and cause a Bill for that purpose to 
 be introduced into the Legislative Council. This pur- 
 ported to be signed by 135 ratepayers. In about ten
 
 90 CITY OF ADELAIDE 
 
 days afterwards a reply was received from the Governor 
 in which His Excellency stated that the memorial 
 contained only 119 signatures instead of 135 as alleged, 
 and that number was less than one -third of the whole of 
 the ratepayers. Under those circumstances he declined 
 to comply with the prayer of the memorial. He could 
 not introduce any measure on the subject into the 
 Legislative Council without first receiving unequivocal 
 proof that it was the wish of the large majority of the 
 citizens that a Corporation should be re-established. 
 This reply, for a time, checked all agitation on the 
 subject. It was considered better not to trouble Colonel 
 Robe any further, but to wait the arrival of Governor 
 Young, who was expected in a short time. He landed 
 in South Australia on July 31, 1848, and was sworn in 
 on the 2nd August. The amount voted on the Estimates 
 for 1848-9 for the repair of the streets in the City 
 was £3,000. 
 
 The most important public event which occurred in 
 1848 was the publication of a dispatch from the Right 
 Hon. Earl Grey, K.G., Secretary of State for the 
 Colonies, which informed His Excellency Colonel Robe 
 that Her Majesty the Queen had acceded to the prayer 
 of a memorial from the Legislative Council, praying 
 that the colony of South Australia might not be called 
 upon to pay the bonded debt of the colony, which 
 amounted to £85,000. The remission of this amount 
 swelled the sums which had been paid by the Home 
 Government on behalf of South Australia, exclusive of 
 interest, to £215,546.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 91 
 
 When the estimates for 1848-9 were under discus- 
 sion in the Legislative Council, application was made for 
 a vote of £185 for the purpose of repairing Colonel 
 Light's monument, and placmg a proper railing round it. 
 The Government had already expended £100 upon this 
 work, so the vote was refused. In 1847, a project was 
 set on foot for supplying the City with water, and for 
 establishing a Waterworks Company, and in the following 
 year a prospectus of the " Adelaide Water Company " 
 was placed before the public. It was proposed to raise 
 £20,000 in 2,000 shares of £10 each. The scheme was 
 unsuccessful, and the matter was not taken in hand again 
 for many years. 
 
 Early in February, 1849, the question of reviving the 
 Corporation was brought up once more, and at a public 
 meeting held on the 7th, it was proposed to establish a 
 Corporation by the title of " The Chairman, Councillors, 
 and Citizens of Adelaide." A memorial embodying these 
 views was agreed to, and presented to Sir Henry Yoimg. 
 Its prayer was not immediately complied with. The 
 Governor replied, that he had given his attention to 
 a Bill that had been prepared in 1847, with a view to its 
 revision ; that he had placed it in the hands of the 
 printers, and it would be published in the following Official 
 Gazette. In the meantime another Act was j^assed (13 
 of 1849), which transferred the affairs of the City to a 
 Commission of five persons nominated by the Governor, 
 called the "City Commission." They had power to levy 
 rates, and besides keeping the streets and bridges in 
 proper order, they were authorised to construct sewers
 
 92 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 and to establish waterworks. The Commissioners were 
 paid, but the ^ct provided that the whole of their 
 expenditure on salaries to themselves and their officers 
 should not exceed 10 per cent, of the funds which were 
 collected and otherwise raised under its provisions. This 
 was avowedly a temporary measure, intended to remain 
 in force only until the Grovernor publicly notified that the 
 Act (No. 13; of 1849), should be put into operation. This 
 Bill was introduced into the Legislative Council on July 
 14th, 1849, and became law on the 24th August. It was 
 entitled " A^ill to Incorporate the Citizens of Adelaide 
 under the style of the ' Mayor, Aldermen, Councillors, 
 and Citizens of Adelaide.' " This Act could only become 
 operative when proclaimed by the Governor on the petition 
 of not less than 400 of the ratepayers, representing 
 property to the value of £15,000. In the same year 
 £4,000 was voted from the General Revenue for the 
 construction and maintenance of the streets of Adelaide, 
 and £6,000 for the erection of bridges across the River 
 Torreus within the City bounds. The estimated amount 
 receivable from rates for the same period was £2,000. 
 In this year the railway project was set on foot once 
 more. This time the proposed capital was £50,000, in 
 10,000 Shares of £5 each ; with power to increase the 
 amount to £100,000. At the same time the prospectus 
 of the South Australian Colonial Railway was issued, 
 with a proposed capital of £45,000 in 15,000 Shares of 
 £3 each. In September the Governor introduced a Bill 
 into the Legislative Council to authorise the construction 
 of a railway to the Port, and it was read a first time.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 93 
 
 The railway, however, was not commenced till the year 
 1852 ; and instead of being constructed by the Company, 
 which had sent out a proper professional staff for the 
 purpose, it was undertaken by the Government.
 
 94 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The City Commissioners met for the tirst time in 
 September, 1849. They were Captain A. H. Freeling, 
 E.E. (now Colonel Sir Arthur Freeling, Bart.), Messrs. 
 S. Davenport, F. S. Button (late Agent-General for 
 South Australia), W. Blyth, and R. F. Newland, Esqs. 
 Mr. E. Webber was clerk to the Commission, and Mr. 
 W. Smith, City Surveyor. The Commissioners remained 
 in office until June, 1852. Some slight changes were 
 made in its personnel during its continuance, Mr. J. B. 
 Neales taking the place of Mr. R. F. Newland, and Dr. 
 Wyatt that of Mr. S. Davenport, who had resigned. 
 Whatever objections the citizens might have had to the 
 principle of taxation without representation, embodied in 
 the constitution of the Commission, there is no doubt 
 the City progressed immensely under its management. 
 It is certain that a very much larger sum was expended 
 upon public improvements by it than would have been 
 the case if the City had depended upon such resources 
 as a rate and an equivalent grant from Government 
 might supply. The balance handed over to them from 
 1849 was £1,625 16s. lOd. The votes of the Legislative
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 9S 
 
 Council in 1850 and 1851 amounted to £7,500, making 
 together £9,125 16s. lOd. The amount of rates, market 
 dues, slaughtering fees, &c., reached the sum of £6,401 
 13s. 4d. up to the date of August 6th, 1851. The 
 expenditure on the City to December 31st, 1850, was 
 £15,449 14s. 5d. From January to September, 1851, 
 the amount laid out in improvements was £13,817 14s. 
 3d. of which £7,000 was granted by the Government 
 from the general revenue. No expenditure is recorded 
 as having taken place between September, 1851 and 
 January, 1852. The operations of the Commissioners 
 were continued until May 31st, 1852, and during the 
 period intervening between that date and the date 
 of the last accounts they disbursed £2,052 3s. 5d. 
 From first to last they expended the following sums 
 derived from all sources : — 
 
 In West Adelaide £11,763 9 11 
 
 " East " 9,134 12 1 
 
 " North " 2,935 19 10 
 
 On fords at the City and 
 Frome crossings, drains, 
 
 &c .. ,. 4,144 10 9 
 
 " Slaughterhouses 1,166 
 
 " Salaries, management, &c. 3,959 8 6 
 
 £33,104 1 1 
 
 The policy of Sir Henry Young stands out in 
 marked contrast to that of his predecessors. His 
 Excellency devoted to the City, through the hands of 
 the City Commissioners, no less than £15,500 during
 
 96 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 their tenure of office. At the close of 1851 the rateable 
 value of property in the City was £132,673. The first 
 assessment fixed it at £80,000, so that notwithstanding 
 the vicissitudes the colony had undergone during the 
 preceding ten years, the assessed annual value of the City 
 property had increased 62.5 per cent. Much of this 
 was no doubt mainly due to the judicious expenditure 
 which had been undertaken during the preceding three 
 years. 
 
 The tide of prosperity which it seemed had set in on 
 the affairs of Adelaide was suddenly arrested by the 
 gold discoveries in the neighboring colonies in 1851. 
 Every one who could go away left the place. Shops 
 were shut up and " gone to the diggings " was the 
 announcement frequently seen on the shutters of the 
 abandoned places of trade. It is estimated that some- 
 where about 16,000 persons left the colony. Everything 
 came to a standstill. Trade was paralyzed; all the 
 available coin was taken away by the speculative diggers. 
 So small was the amount of actual cash in circulation 
 that several of the few storekeepers who did not or 
 could not leave their business, issued paper notes for 
 sums as low as 2d. Sixpenny notes were quite 
 common. The miners abandoned the Burra mines, 
 which contributed immensely to the general trade and 
 prosperity of the province, and the works were stopped. 
 Much of the land went out of cultivation, and it seemed 
 as if a general collapse was impending over South 
 Australia. Of course all the Government expenditure 
 which could be curtailed was cut down to the lowest
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 97 
 
 point. In January, 1852, the City Commissioners were 
 warned tliat their expenditure must be limited to the 
 amount they were likely to receive from the revenue of 
 the city, and that they were not to build upon any 
 assistance from the Government for a considerable time. 
 A small sum (£3,000) had been voted by the Legislative 
 Council, but only £1,000 was paid. The drain upon the 
 population had seriously deteriorated all house property 
 — in fact, property of every description, so that no 
 assessment could with justice be levied upon the 
 comparatively few tenements which still retained their 
 occupants. The immediate resources of the City 
 Commissioners had fallen so low, and labor was so 
 scarce that they could not carry on any works, and it 
 was determined to grant the City Surveyor leave of 
 absence for three month's without salary. Numbers of 
 the public officials were treated in the same manner. 
 Those who were not in the province at that time cannot 
 realize the extent of the calamity which it seemed had 
 fallen upon the struggling colony. All the labors and 
 anxieties of the preceeding fifteen years seemed to have 
 been suffered in vain. Ruin confronted every one and 
 every interest in the place. Station property became 
 almost worthless. Scarcely any person was in a position 
 to buy, and nearly every squatter was anxious to sell. 
 A valuable run (which has since returned a princely 
 fortune to the fortunate buyer) was sold at the rate of 
 Is. 6d. per head for the sheep upon it. The Banks 
 could with difficulty provide sufficient hard cash to 
 answer the demands upon them by departing diggers, 
 
 H
 
 98 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 or to meet their own notes when presented for payment. 
 This state of affairs, however, did not last long. Many 
 of those who had expected to make fortunes on the 
 goldfields returned with impaired constitutions — the 
 result of privation and exposure — no better off than 
 they went, while many never returned. A large num- 
 ber, however, more fortunate, were rewarded for 
 their enterprise by large quantities of gold, which 
 was forwarded to Adelaide from the diggings by 
 an escort of mounted police which made the journey 
 once a fortnight. Gold, however, was not a legal tender. 
 In order to meet the emergency an Act called the 
 Bullion Act, was introduced into the Legislative Council 
 and passed into law in one day. Any interference with 
 the circulating medium was beyond the powers of the 
 Governor. Sir Henry Young, however, accepted the 
 responsibility of the course which was pressed upon him 
 and his wise concession to the representations made to 
 him speedily relieved the Province from all its diflficulties. 
 Gold was made a legal tender at £3 10s. per ounce, and 
 an assay office, under the management of Mr. B. H. 
 Babbage and Mr. G. E. Hamilton, both Civil Engineeris, 
 was established in Adelaide. The gold consigned to it 
 was converted into ingots or tokens, at the option of the 
 owner. The tokens bore the nominal value of £1, but 
 in reality they were worth nearly 5 per cent. more. 
 This Act was framed at the suggestion of Mr. George 
 Tinline, then Acting- Manager of the South Australian 
 Banking Company, and for his exertions he was enter- 
 tained early in 1853 at a banquet in the Exchange Hall,
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 99 
 
 and presented with £2,500, and a service of plate. Mr. 
 George Elder, a leading merchant, presided on the 
 occasion, and delivered one of the most eloquent 
 addresses ever spoken in the Colony. 
 
 The importation of gold, and the return of the 
 bulk of the population which had been tempted away, 
 soon made Adelaide bear a new appearance. Numerous 
 extravagances were indulged in by fortunate diggers, and 
 many of those who had become suddenly rich beyond 
 their wildest anticipations wasted their resources, and 
 became almost as suddenly poor again; but most of them 
 invested their gold in land, and thus the foundation of 
 that extensive agricultural development of the province, 
 to which so much of its prosperity is due, was success- 
 fully laid. The City shared, of course, in the general 
 revival of trade, and on the the 1st June, 1852, the 
 Corporation which had been in abeyance for about nine 
 years was re-established by Sir Henry Young. Before 
 the Act (11 of 1849) could be brought into operation it 
 became necessary to pass a short Act, No. 9, of 1851, to 
 fix the dates on which the Mayor and Councillors 
 respectively should be elected. The Corporation, as 
 re-constituted, was composed of four Aldermen and 
 twelve Councillors, of whom one was to be Mayor. The 
 City was subdivided into four wards, which took their 
 names from the early governors of the province, viz., 
 Hindmarsh, Gawler, Grey, and Robe. Every male 
 householder whose name was registered, and who had 
 property in the City, and who lived within it, or within 
 seven miles of it, was entitled to vote at the municipal
 
 loo CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 elections. By a singular omission, however, the 
 occupiers of stables, slaughterhouses, and breweries, 
 although rated to contribute to the City fund, were not 
 entitled to vote in respect of their premises. The 10th 
 clause is remarkable for the imperfect way in which it is 
 drawn. Besides the omission just pointed out, there is 
 another, not of much practical importance, but some- 
 what singular. The Mayor, it provided, should be a jit 
 person ; also the Aldermen were required to be^^ persons 
 — but^^7ze5.9 was not an essential for any of the twelve 
 persons who might be elected as a Councillor vmder 
 it. By the 7th clause it was enacted that within six 
 months after the first election of Mayor permanent and 
 conspicuous boundary marks of iron, wood, stone, or other 
 durable material were to be set up in exact conformity 
 with, or as near as circumstances would admit to, the 
 respective metes and boundaries of the City and 
 the several Wards; and within six calendar months 
 after the exjiiration of every successive period of 
 three A^ears thereafter, a circuit of perambulation of 
 the metes and boundaries of the City and the several 
 Wards, was to be made by the Mayor accompanied 
 by the Town Clerk. Every Mayor or Town Clerk 
 neglecting to perform these duties was to forfeit =620. 
 The privilege of electing the Mayor was conferred upon 
 the Aldermen and Councillors, who selected him from 
 amongst themselves. The first Mayor was chosen on 
 June 9th, and all other elections of this functionarv were 
 directed to be held on the 9tli December in each year. 
 it will be remembered that all the difficulties which
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 101 
 
 beset tiie first Corporation arose from the resignation of 
 the Mayor, the original Municipal Act not containing any 
 provision authorising such a proceeding. The new Act, 
 however, met that difficulty, the 45th Clause enacting that 
 any Councillor who should resign after accepting office, 
 or who should refuse to act after being elected, should 
 pay a fine of not less than £25, nor more than £50. The 
 same rule applied to the cases of Aldermen, Assessors, 
 and Auditors. The Mayor, under like circumstances, 
 was liable to a fine of not less than £50, nor more than 
 £100, as the Council by resolution might determine. 
 The following gentlemen were returned as the first 
 Council : — Aldermen — Peter Sherwin, Judah Moss 
 Solomon, Wm. Paxton, and Peter Cumming. Coim- 
 cillors— Daniel Fisher, E. B. W. Glanfield, F. H. 
 Faulding, R. A. Fiveash, C. G. E. Platts, J. H. Fisher, 
 S. Stocks, H. C. Beevor, E. Lawson, F. Haire, Isaac 
 Breaker, and J. Slatter. 
 
 At their first meeting Mr. J. H. Fisher was chosen 
 Mayor. At the time the Councillors were sworn in and 
 required to subscribe the statutory declaration, it was 
 found that one of them was " no scholar." He could 
 neither read nor write, and it was objected that he could 
 not subscribe the declaration as the Act required him to 
 do. It was suggested that he should " subscribe " the 
 form with his mark, which would fulfill all the legal 
 conditions necessary to give effect to the election. This 
 course was followed, and the matter ended. No similar 
 case has arisen since that time. The following officers 
 were then appointed : — Acting Town Clerk, Mr. E. S
 
 102 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Webber ; City Treasurer, Mr. G. Tinline ; Clerk of 
 Markets, Mr. D. M'Laren ; Inspector of Slaughter- 
 houses, Mr, J. Goode ; Inspector of Nuisances, Mr. T. 
 R. Reading ; Rate Collector, Mr. A J. Murray. Mr. 
 W. T. Sabben received the appointment of Town Clerk 
 on the 15th July. About a week after the election of 
 Mayor, Mr. x^lderman Cumming, who had been a candi- 
 date for the office, and who had protested against Mr. 
 Fisher's election as illegal, resigned his position as 
 Alderman, and was fined £50 for doing so. Mr. Joseph 
 Hall was chosen to succeed him. The newly-elected 
 Council had no premises of their own, and all their 
 preliminary proceedings had been conducted at the 
 Blenheim Hotel. This circumstance was brought under 
 the Governor's notice, and His Excellency empowered 
 the Council to take possession of the Town Acre (No. 
 203'^') and the building upon it, which had been sold to 
 the first Council for 12s. The Corporation, however, 
 were restricted from alienating or encumbering it in any 
 manner " that would be inconsistent with its application 
 to the purposes of the City." The first care of the new 
 Council was to provide for an assessment of the City 
 property. Committees were next appointed for finance, 
 markets, and slaughterhouses, and for roads, streets, and 
 bridges, and until a new City Seal could be obtained, that 
 adopted by the first Council was used.f Application 
 was then made for a loan of £2,000 from the Govern- 
 ment, and a Committee was appointed to revise the 
 Municipal Act, which was found to be defective in many 
 
 * See page 25, and note. + See facsimile of this Seal on page 27.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 103 
 
 respects, and in others inapplicable to the circumstances 
 of the City. It was found also that the restriction in 
 the Act which limited the expenditure on salaries to 
 10 per cent, of the receipts could not be adhered to 
 in practice if the functions of the Corporation were 
 properly carried out.* Nothing appears to have been 
 expended in public improvements from the 1st June 
 until the second election took place at the close of the 
 same year. 
 
 * Under Act 23 of 1854 this section (No. 54 of Act 11 of 1849) was repealed.
 
 104 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 On the 1st December tlie new elections took place, 
 and Mr. C. G. E. Platts was again chosen as Alderman, 
 he having retired in terms of the Act, and Messrs. A 
 Hay, J. G. Witt, and G. Young became Councillors. 
 Before proceeding to the election of Mayor the following 
 address was presented to Mr. Fisher, whose term of 
 office had expired. It shows that the relations between 
 the newly-constituted Corporation and the Legislative 
 Council were not of a very cordial character : — 
 
 " To James Hurtle Fisher, Esq , J.P., Mayor of the 
 Ci; y of Adelaide. 
 
 " Worshipful Sir — The period having arrived, which, 
 while it completes the term ot your successful labors in 
 the honorable position of Mayor of the City, also 
 necessitates our selecting a presiding officer for the 
 ensuing year, we deem it to be a fitting opportunity 
 respectfully to tender for your acceptance the expression 
 of our sincere appreciation of the valuable services which 
 you have rendered during your occupation of the Civic 
 Chair, and of the punctuality, courtesy, prudence, and 
 efficiency, with which — and we feel assured at the cost
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 105 
 
 of considerable pecuniary sacrifice and personal incon- 
 venience — you have discharged the multifarious duties 
 attached to that honorable position. 
 
 " In adverting to the obligation conferred upon the 
 Council and the citizens at large by your past services, 
 we now anxiously contemplate the coming year, with 
 the varied and hourly-increasing responsibilities which 
 may be expected to attach themselves to the Corporate 
 body, as trustees of the comfort, health, and welfare of 
 our fellow-citizens, and the improvement of the city. 
 Among them we may enuu-nrate as the most prominent 
 — the amendment of the present Municipal Ordinance, 
 combined with an extensive and efficient code of 
 by-laws ; the serious consideration and carrying out of 
 sanitary measures, including the removal of that mass of 
 corruption which it is notorious now literally festers the 
 surface of our city to a considerable depth, evolving 
 gases fatal to health, and by which the lives of the 
 citizens must, however imperceptibly, be in fact 
 materially shortened ; the procuring of an Act for 
 regulating buildings ; a proper provision of police, of 
 licensing, of sewerage and waterworks; and incidentally, 
 the protection of property from loss by fire by the 
 organization of a disciplined brigade in combination with 
 the several Fire Insurance Offices. 
 
 " Many other objects of improvement might be 
 referred to, but we would close this portion of our 
 address to your Worship by declaring our desire and 
 intention (as one of the duties we are imperatively 
 called upon to discharge) to assist and maintain those
 
 106 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 iiashackled privileges of self-governmeht which ought to 
 accompany — and wherever municipal institutions have 
 been conferred, do absolutely exist, with the solitary 
 exception of the city of Adelaide. 
 
 " In reference to this latter subject it has been a 
 source of surprise and disappointment to this Council, 
 that upon a late application to the Legislative Council 
 for extended powers, instead of that assistance we 
 might have, as of course, anticipated, our appeal was 
 ungraciously received, and an illiberal opposition raised, 
 more especially by those from whom we have been 
 accustomed to hear large professions as advocates of the 
 rights of the people, self-government, and popular 
 institutions. These privileges, however, which we 
 cannot obtain from the liberality of the Legislative 
 Council, we fear not to receive from the justice of 
 Her Majesty's Government, doubting not the desire 
 of His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, as the 
 representative of royalty, to cherish the municipal 
 institution, and while extending to its representatives 
 that respect and confidence which we assert the 
 Municipal body to deserve, to relieve this Council and 
 the citizens at large from the lately-enacted imputation 
 ' that the citizens of Adelaide are incapable of managing 
 their own aifairs, and of disbursing their own moneys.' 
 
 " Such, Sir, at a rapid glance we conceive to be the 
 position of Municipal matters, the nature of the path of 
 action before us, and we need hardly advert to the 
 arduous duties which will consequently devolve upon 
 this Council. To you, Worshipful Sir, we have during
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 107 
 
 the past session looked with confidence as our guide, 
 and we indulge the hope that you will not hesitate upon 
 being re-elected this day to the Civic Chair, again to 
 accept its responsibiUties and honors, and share with us 
 those labors which we pledge ourselves faithfully and 
 zealously to assist you in performing." 
 
 This address was signed by the Aldermen and all the 
 Councillors. 
 
 Mr. Fisher was then re-elected Mayor, and he returned 
 the following reply : — "Gentlemen — It was my wish at this 
 period to retire from the Council, and from public life, and 
 to devote the evening of my days to my own affairs, and to 
 the interests of my family ; but the signal mark of your 
 approval of my past conduct as Mayor, and of your 
 confidence in my unanimous re-election to the high office 
 of Chief Magistrate, makes me feel that it is my duty 
 still to continue to place at your disposal my best services. 
 I, therefore, lay aside all personal considerations, and 
 again accept the honor you have conferred upon me, and 
 will cheerfully devote my time and best energies to the 
 welfare of the city. I am persuaded that the Municipal 
 Council may, and will be, an instrument of much good, 
 not to the city only, but to the whole province. Whilst 
 I should earnestly deprecate the introduction into our 
 discussions of any party politics, yet there are several 
 matters affecting the prosperity of the citizens whom you 
 represent from time to time occupying, or which ought 
 to occupy, the attention of the Legislative Council, which 
 appear to me proper for you to watch over and take 
 action upon in the way of memorialising His Excellency
 
 108 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 the Lieutenant-Governor, or otherwise, as circumstances 
 may suggest. For example, who are so much interested 
 as your constituents, as a body, in the perfecting of an 
 efficient system of registering titles to property ? Who 
 more than they are concerned in securing a speedy and 
 inexpensive administration of the law ? Where are the 
 persons to be found who would be more benefited by the 
 construction of the City and Port Railway ? and who 
 more interested in the introduction into the province of 
 a due supply of labor of every class ? I will not multi- 
 ply the enumeration of public questions which might 
 usefully be taken into your consideration, and which 
 would be legitimately within its scope. Those I have 
 already noticed indicate the sort of matters which I have 
 in view in addition to that all important one which I have 
 on a former occasion adverted to — the introduction of 
 water into the city and a proper system of sewerage ; to 
 which I may add an Act for the proper regulation of 
 buildings within the city. My anxious desire in again 
 accepting the high office to which you have just elected 
 me is to assist you to make the Municipal Corporation 
 of Adelaide a great benefit to the whole community. The 
 gentlemanlike tone, the freedom from personalities, the 
 unflinching devotion to business which have characterised 
 your proceedings hitherto, will I doubt not continue to 
 distinguish the Council and satisfy the citizens that it is 
 our wish and determination faithfully to discharge for 
 their benefit the high trust committed to us. Gentlemen, 
 I cordially thank you for the high honor you have done 
 me and the confidence you have again reposed in me.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 109 
 
 These remarks do not seem to have had much effect 
 upon the Legislative Council. All that they did to 
 satisfy the demands of the Corporation was to pass an 
 Act, No. 23 of 1852, to regulate the fines imposed upon 
 persons who refused to act after being elected to any 
 municipal office, and to limit the exjDenditure of the 
 Corporation in their officers' salaries and allowances to 
 £2,000 a year. 
 
 A great deal of discussion took place in the City 
 Council during this year (52-3) on the mode of 
 assessing the City. It was contended, and with some 
 show of reason, that vacant acres and other pieces of 
 land were largely increased in value by reason of the 
 improvements of the thoroughfares in which they were 
 situated by the general impetus which those improve- 
 ments gave to the trade of the City, and by the increased 
 comfort they afforded to the inhabitants ; yet those 
 properties, according to the existing principle of assess- 
 ment, did not contribute fairly towards the City funds. 
 Mr. Alderman Solomon* proposed to meet the difficulty 
 by adopting a plan by means of which he considered 
 they would be made to contribute in a more equitable 
 degree to the public expenditure, and form a certain 
 basis upon which, at a future period, the Corporation 
 would be able to borrow money for special purposes. 
 The principal resolution which he proposed ran as 
 follows : — " That, in order to enable the Corporation to 
 borrow money for specific improvements within the 
 City, a new system of assessment, to rano-p over a o-iven 
 
 * Mr. Solomon ^vas Mayor in 1S70 aud 1871.
 
 110 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 number of years, shall be entered into, based upon the 
 following principles — a fixed rate of assessment upon the 
 frontages of all lands in the principal streets of the City, 
 as follows : — Hindley- street west, on each side to 
 Morphett- street ; Hindley -street east, on each side to 
 King William-street ; Rundle-street west, on each side 
 to Gawler-place ; Rundle-street east, on each side to 
 East-terrace. The above to be first-class streets. 
 North-terrace, Currie-street, Grenfell- street, Waymouth- 
 street, and Pirie street, with all the streets leading from 
 the North-terrace to the south into Waymouth and Pirie 
 streets, to be considered as second-class streets. All the 
 other streets in South Adelaide, together with those in 
 North Adelaide, to be considered as third-class-streets." 
 It may be doubted w^hether this scheme would have 
 secured the object its proposer had in view. Probably 
 the majority of the Councillors thought that time and 
 the rapid progress of the City would efi'ect all that was 
 desired, without its becoming necessary to resort to an 
 experimental system of, at least, uncertain value. The 
 motion was not carried, nor do we find that the mode of 
 assessment then in force has been changed in any im- 
 portant degree since that time. 
 
 The Corporation had certainly no reason to complain 
 of having to work with straightened means. At the 
 commencement of their labors they received £559 6s. 7d., 
 the balance remaining in the hands of the City Commis- 
 sioners, and shortly afterwards £1,000 from the Govern- 
 ment. In the following year (1853) another grant of 
 £1,000 was made to them from the general revenue ;
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. Ill 
 
 £191 7s. was received from miscellaneous sources. The 
 rates to September 30, 1853, produced £5,921 19s. 8d. ; 
 the cattle market fees were £373 Os. 9d. ; slaughter- 
 house dues, £1,946 5s.; and the revenue from the 
 Park Lands, made up of depasturing licences, sales 
 of timber, &c., amounted to £1,064 3s. 9d.; making in 
 all £12,056 2s. 9d. Of this £6,253 Us. were laid out 
 in improving the streets of the City, a balance remained 
 in hand on the 30th September of £1,104 10s. 9d., and 
 the remainder was devoted to salaries, stationery, 
 assessment, election, and miscellaneous expenses. The 
 expenditure was distributed with tolerable fairness all 
 over the City, and although no very large sum was laid 
 out on any particular street, those who remember what 
 the state of Adelaide was a short time previous can 
 testify to the marked improvement which was every- 
 where apparent. The best proof of the progress which 
 had been made is to be seen in the City Assessment for 
 1853, which had increased from £112,134 to £130,648. 
 
 In December, 1853, the elections for the ensuing 
 twelve months took place. Messrs. Fiveash, Glandfield, 
 and Lawson, who had retired in rotation, were chosen 
 again as Councillors, and Mr. Fisher was re-elected 
 Mayor. This year, however, was essentially a year 
 of change. Alderman Solomon resigned, and was 
 succeeded by Mr. John Lazar. Mr. Councillor Haire 
 also withdrew into private life, and Dr. T. Y. Cotter was 
 elected to fill the vacancy. Mr. Alderman Paxton also 
 resigned, and Mr. T. Reynolds took his place ; shortly 
 afterwards he also retired, and Mr. James Waterman
 
 112 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 was returned to the vacant seat. Messrs. Beevor and 
 G. Young next sent in tlieir resignations, and Messrs. 
 S. Bakewell and W. Field took tlieir places. Mr. R. H. 
 Fiveasli next retired, and on the same day (20th 
 November) the Mayor, Mr. J. H. Fisher, withdrew 
 from the Mayoralty. Mr. Alderman Hall was elected 
 Mayor for the short term which intervened between that 
 time and the annual election. Mr. Fisher's letter of 
 resignation contained this passage: — "I am deeply 
 sensible of the honor conferred on me by having been 
 five times elected Mayor of this city, and I feel deep 
 regret in dissolving my connection with the Corporation 
 — a feeling in no small degree heightened by the 
 recollection of the kindness and support which I have 
 had invariably extended towards me by every member 
 of the Corporation. In coming to my present deter- 
 mination, I confess I am in no small degree influenced 
 by the consideration of the vast responsibility and 
 consequent anxiety which will necessarily arise out of 
 the proper and efficient carrying out of the proposed 
 amended Corporation Act, and of the Act for the 
 sewerage, supply of water, and regulation of the sanitary 
 condition of the city, involving as these measures will, 
 the judicious expenditure of an immense sum of money, 
 and the requisite amount of care in carrying out the 
 objects of those Acts." The retirement of the 
 Mayor was much regretted, but as in a short time 
 afterwards he occupied a seat in the Legislative Council, 
 the public did not lose the benefit of his judgment and 
 long experience.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 113 
 
 The new Council started with a balance in hand from 
 the previous year of £1,104 10s. 9d., unexpended. In 
 less than six months they had received from the 
 Government £9,000, of which £2,000 was specially 
 voted for planting and fencing the squares. They 
 needed it, for they were in a most deplorable state. 
 The rates this year produced £6,009 18s. 9d., the 
 Cattle Market £1,055 10s. 6d., the slaughterhouse 
 £1,580 17s 6d., the Park Lands £1,036 16s. lid., and 
 miscellaneous receipts £481 15s. 6d., making a total of 
 £20,269 9s. lid., equal to about 30s. per head of the 
 population of Adelaide. The expenditure during this 
 year was £17,524 13s., of which £10,829 12s. was 
 devoted to the improvement of the streets and roadways 
 in the City, and of the immediate approaches thereto. 
 On looking over the items which compose the miscel- 
 laneous receipts, there are sundry amounts received as 
 fines from Aldermen and Councillors on vacatino; their 
 seats. In this year the Mayor, three Aldermen, and 
 four Councillors retired. In two cases only were fines 
 enforced. One Alderman paid £10 10s., and one 
 Councillor paid £12 12s., the rest paid nothing. An 
 assessor who had refused, or neglected to do the duties of 
 his office, had to forfeit the sum of £50. No explanation 
 appears why the Act was administered in so obviously 
 partial a way, nor why the City Funds should have 
 suffered as they did in consequence of the non-enforce- 
 ment of the law. One Alderman (Mr. Reynolds) escaped 
 because he had been elected to a seat in the Legislative 
 Council, and he alleged that he could not properly
 
 114 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 discharge the duties of the two offices. However, he 
 was an Alderman before he became a candidate for 
 Legislative honors, and there was nothing in the 
 Corporation Act, or the Electoral Act, to justify him in 
 claiming exemption on such a ground ; nevertheless this 
 plea was allowed, and he was not fined. 
 
 The Legislative Council had been prevailed upon to 
 consider the position of the Corporation and passed an 
 Act (23 of 1854) repealing some of the laws relating to 
 the Municipality, and amending others, at the same time 
 extending its powers so as to enable the Council to deal with 
 certain matters which it had not been deemed advisable 
 to place under their control. These increased powers 
 had reference to the making and maintenance of the 
 streets and footways, the making of private streets, and 
 the adoption of certain regulations to be observed in 
 erecting buildings in the City. They also made provision 
 for the more effectual scavenging of the City. Certain 
 other powers which have generally been considered as 
 properly belonging to Municipal Corporations were still 
 withheld. The Police Commissioner still remained 
 Commissioner of Markets, and in him was vested the 
 authority to license public conveyances. The Govern- 
 ment derived a considerable revenue from this source, 
 and there was as yet no disposition to part with it. The 
 Police Commissioner administered many laws for years 
 after the Corporation was resuscitated, which properly 
 did not belong to the police at all. Some were placed 
 under his charge before the colony could boast of any 
 ^limicipal government, and others during the time when
 
 CITT OF ADELAIDE. 115 
 
 the Corporation affairs had fallen into confusion. It was 
 not until the year 1861 that the Government felt that 
 the proper time had come to divest itself of functions 
 which ought properly to attach to the Executive of a 
 country only in the very first stages of its existence, 
 Considerable inconvenience was felt to arise from this 
 division of authority in the City of Adelaide, and that 
 inconvenience was considerably increased by the position 
 and growing importance of suburban townships and of 
 District Councils which had been established a short time 
 before the Commissioner's extra official functions were 
 transferred to the Municipalities. 
 
 The annual elections were held in December, 1854, 
 Mr. Alderman Richman was re-elected as a Councillor, 
 and Mr. E. B. W. Glandfield was chosen Alderman. 
 The new Councillors were Messrs. W. J. Cox, J. 
 Harman, J. M. Linklater, J. Martin, and John Stewart, 
 and subsequently Mr. T. Futcher. The City assessment 
 during 1854-5 still continued to give evidence of the 
 progress the City was making. It amounted to £148,504, 
 showing an increase of £15,779 over that of the preceding 
 year. The revenue also showed a large increase, being 
 £22,989 5s. 3d. against £20,269 9s. lid. in the previous 
 year. The rates yielded £7,914 7s. 5d. ; the grant from 
 the Government was £7,000, and a further sum of 
 £1,514 2s. 6d. for the employment of immigrant 
 laborers. The Cattle Market dues were £717 9s. 6d., 
 the slaughterhouse fees £1,781 17s. 6d., and the revenue 
 from the Park Lands £1,024 14s. 5d., and miscellaneous 
 receipts £291 17s. The balance in hand from the
 
 116 CITY OF ADELAIDE, 
 
 previous year was £2,744 16s. lid. Of this amount 
 £15,026 12s. 9d. was spent in improving the streets, and 
 £1,523 9s. 2d. in building a City Market on a part 
 of the Corporation Acre fronting Pirie- street. This 
 building was a failure. It was too small, and very badly 
 arranged, and was soon abandoned. It was subsequently 
 let as a store. It afterwards did duty as a banqueting- 
 room on the occasion of the Duke of Edinburgh's visit 
 to South Australia, and since then it has been converted 
 into a livery stable and carriage depot, a purpose which 
 it seems to serve admirably. The most noteworthy 
 occurrence which affected the City Council during this 
 year was the litigation with the Right Kev. Dr. Short, 
 Lord Bishop of Adelaide, to try His Lordship's right to 
 a portion of Victoria- square as a site for a Cathedral.
 
 CITY OF ADP:LAIDE. 117 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Ill the earliest existing plan of the City of Adelaide, 
 at the southern end of that block of laud which forms 
 the reserve known as Victoria- square, there is a small 
 vignette intended apparently to mark a site for a church. 
 How that picture was drawn on that map — whether it 
 was merely a fanciful sketch made by the draftsman, or 
 was marked in consequence of some authoritative deter- 
 mination to dedicate the spot on which it was shown to 
 ecclesiastical purposes — no one now is able to explain. 
 As far as can be ascertained from the testimony of 
 persons who were engaged in the actual survey of the 
 City, it would appear that a road two chains wide was 
 originally laid out through what is now the square, 
 rimning north and south in a line with King William- 
 street, thus continuing it from North -terrace to South- 
 terrace.* The acres which bounded it on the east and 
 west were shown on the first plan by dotted lines. That 
 plan was destroyed in the fire which took place in the 
 Government Hut in 1839, in which so many valuable 
 public records were lost. The arrangement of the 
 Square was subsequently altered so as to show the 
 
 * See Proclamation in the '^' Sov.th Australian Gazette and Colonial Register" 
 under date Jnne 3rd, 1837.
 
 118 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 road as rimuing round it on the east and west sides, 
 instead of being taken through it. This it is stated took 
 place before the first sale of the town lands. If this is 
 correct the sketch of the church must have been added 
 before the central portion of the City was finally laid out 
 as it now appears, and after the alteration in the road 
 had taken place. However this may be, it is well known 
 that the early settlers did not consider that the acre 
 had been devoted to the Church of England, or to any 
 ecclesiastical purpose whatever. From the foundation 
 of the colony a very strong feeling prevailed against the 
 establishment of any connection between Church and 
 State, or between the Government and any of the 
 religious organizations which had representatives in 
 South Australia. As early as 1846 this feeling assumed 
 a distinct — it may be called almost an organized — shape, 
 which ended a few years afterwards in the total with- 
 drawal of all grants from the public resources in aid of 
 religious objects. In July of that year a public meeting 
 was held in the Supreme Court-house to take the 
 question into consideration. A memorial to the Governor 
 was agreed to, and presented to him by a deputation 
 composed of many of the most influential persons in the 
 province. It was addressed 
 
 " To His Excellency Frederick Holt Robe, Esquire, 
 Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of South 
 Australia, &c., &c. 
 
 " The memorial of the Colonists of South Australia 
 in public meeting assembled humbly sheweth — 
 
 " That your memorialists believing that no portion of
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 119 
 
 the public revenue of the colony should be applied by 
 the Grovernment to the support of religion, do, therefore, 
 earnestly and respectfully solicit your Excellency to 
 withhold the sanction of the Government from the vote 
 recently passed by the Legislative Council to place upon 
 the Estimates a sum of money for that purpose." 
 
 This memorial was presented by Messrs. E 
 ^^tephens, W. Giles, A. Forster, W. Peacock, A. L. 
 Polder, A. H. Davis, and E. W. Wickes. It had no 
 effect, and grants from the revenue continued to be made 
 to the principal religious bodies imtil 1850, when they 
 were finally withdrawn. 
 
 The Right Rev. Augustus Short, D.D., was appointed 
 Bishop of Adelaide in 1847. His patent is dated 25th 
 June in that year, and was published in the Government 
 Gazette of January 6th, 1848. At that time no grant 
 of the Cathedral Acre had been made to him. Such 
 a grant, in fact, was wholly unnecessary, because in his 
 Lordship's letters patent Trinity Church, the first 
 Anglican Church erected in the province, was named and 
 proclaimed as his pro-Cathedral Church, and the pro- 
 Cathedral Church of the new Diocese of Adelaide. The 
 acre (No. 9) upon which this church was built belonged 
 to Mr. Pascoe St. Leger Gremfell, who, finding that no 
 provision existed in the Imperial Act constituting South 
 Australia a Province of the British Empire for endowing 
 the State Church with land, conveyed it to trustees for 
 the use of the Church of England for ever. Notwith- 
 standing this, and the publication of the Bishop's letters 
 patent — the contents of which must have been known to
 
 120 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Colonel Robe as well as to Dr. Short — on the 18th of 
 March, 1848, His Excellency conveyed an acre in 
 Victoria- square to the Bishop as a site for a Church of 
 England Cathedral. The Corporation, it will be remem- 
 bered, died out at the close of 1813, and in 1846 an 
 ordinance was passed providing for tlie management of 
 the City aifairs until municipal institutions should be 
 restored to the inhabitants of Adelaide. Amongst other 
 provisions it vested all the lands which had belonged to, 
 or had been placed under the charge and control of the 
 Corporation, in Her Majesty. Amongst these were, of 
 course, included the City squares, which were public 
 reserves for the use of the inhabitants, and it was a part 
 of one of these reserves that was the locus in quo of the 
 Bishop's grant. By the Bishop's directions boundary- 
 stones were placed at its corners, and so far His Lordship 
 took and held possession of it. In 1849 a fresh Act* was 
 passed, which provided for the revival of the defunct 
 Corporation, and that Act vested in it the whole of the 
 Park Lands and public reserves within the City bounds, 
 certain portions of land being specially excepted. None 
 of the City squares were included in the schedule to the 
 Act, which specified the excepted areas, and the Cor- 
 poration, on taking office, assumed the control over 
 Victoria-squai'e in common with the rest of the vacant 
 spaces known as the squares. No notice had been given 
 to them that the Cathedral Acre had been alienated by 
 the Crown, nor, it seems, had any public notification of 
 
 * Intituled "An Ordinance to constitute a Municipal Coruorfition for the 
 City of Adelaide," being Act No. 11 of 1840.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 121 
 
 the grant by Colonel Robe been made. On the 23rd 
 April, 1851, three years after Governor Robe had issued 
 the land grant, it was registered in the General Registry 
 Office of the Province. So the matter stood when the 
 Corporation was revived in 1852. In 1854 a special 
 grant was made by the Government of £2,000 for 
 fencing and planting the City squares, and in that year 
 and the year following £1,106 13s. 8d. was spent in 
 improving Victoria-square alone. The Corporation, 
 composed as it was then of many of the earliest settlers, 
 did not seem to be aware that one portion of it had been 
 alienated and dedicated to the Church of England, and 
 it is not probable that they would have laid out a large 
 amount in improving a property not legally their own. 
 Early in 1855, the Right Rev. Dr. Short claimed the 
 land and demanded possession. He based his claim 
 upon the grant from Governor Robe. The Corporation 
 refused to recognise the Bishop's asserted right, or that 
 he had any legal claim to the piece of ground, notwith- 
 standing that the validity of His Lordship's pretensions 
 was supported by a written opinion given by four of the 
 leading barristers who practiced in the Supreme Court 
 of the Province. They stated — 
 
 " We have fully considered the title of the Lord 
 Bishop of Adelaide to the acre in Victoria-square, and 
 we are clearly of opinion that the grant thereof made 
 by Her Majesty to him for the purpose of a Cathedral 
 being erected on such acre is a valid grant, which it was 
 competent for Her Majesty to make, and that the title
 
 122 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of the Bishop is valid, both at law and in equity, against 
 all persons whomsoever. 
 
 (Signed) "J. H. Fisher. 
 
 " Wm. Chas. Belt. 
 " Wm. Bartley. 
 " Randolph I, Stow. 
 " Adelaide, March 13th, 1855." 
 The grant is in the following form : — 
 
 South Australia. 
 
 Know all men by these presents that 
 I, Frederick Holt Robe, Esquire, 
 Lieutenant- Colonel in the Army, 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Her Ma- 
 jesty's Province of South Aus- 
 tralia, in name and on behalf of Her 
 Majesty, by virtue of the power in me vested by an Act 
 of the fifth and sixth year of Her Majesty's reign, 
 intituled "An Act for regulating the Sale of Waste Land 
 belonging to the Crown in the Australian Colonies," and 
 of all other powers me thereunto enabling, Do hereby of 
 Her Majesty's special grace. Grant unto the Right 
 Reverend Augustus Short, Doctor in Divinity, 
 Lord Bishop of Adelaide, and his Successors as Lord 
 Bishop of Adelaide for the time being, subject to the 
 Trusts, conditions, reservations, and provisos herein- 
 after contained, All that Piece or Parcel of Land 
 containing by admeasurement one acre or thereabouts, 
 be the same a little more or less, situated and being in 
 Victoria-square, in the City of Adelaide and Province
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 123 
 
 Plan referred to in the Grant. 
 
 SQUARE. 
 
 338 
 
 
 375 
 
 
 No. 50. 
 Received into the Registry Office for the Province of South 
 Australia, this 23rcl day of April, 1851, at half-past two o'clock in 
 the afternoon, and found it to be a correct copy of the original 
 instrument, the due execution of which instrument appears to me to 
 be correct. 
 
 (Sd.) G. H. Barnard, 
 
 Deputy-Registrar.
 
 124 
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 as aforesaid, as the said piece or parcel of land is delineated 
 in the public maps deposited in the proper office in the City 
 of Adelaide, and in the plan drawn in the margin hereof* 
 and colored green, with all the rights and appurtenances 
 whatsoever thereto belonging: To hold unto the said 
 Augustus Short and his successors as Lord Bishop of 
 Adelaide for the time being for ever, Upon Trust for the 
 appropriation thereof as the site and for the erection and 
 maintenance thereon of the Cathedral Church of the said 
 Bishop and his successors, and for the provision out of the 
 revenues belonging to or arising from the use of the 
 said Cathedral Church, lands, hereditaments, and appur- 
 tenances^ in such manner as shall be lawfully appointed of 
 all things necessary for the celebration of Divine worship 
 and service therein and for no other purpose whatsoever. 
 On condition that the said grantees do and shall in every 
 respect and at all times hereafter conform to the laws of 
 the Province in force for the time being for regulating 
 roads and streets, drains and sewers so far as the same 
 may be applicable. Provided nevertheless, and I do 
 hereby in name and on behalf aforesaid Reserve unto 
 Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, mines and 
 minerals in and upon or under the said land. Provided 
 also that if the trusts, conditions, reservations, and 
 provisos herein contained or any part thereof be not 
 duly observed and performed by the said grantees then 
 the said land shall be forfeited and revert unto her 
 Majesty, her heirs and successors, and these presents 
 
 * It was found inconvenient in printing this work to sliow the plan in the 
 margin. It is therefore shown on the preceding page.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 12:5 
 
 and every matter and thing herein contained shall cease 
 and determine and become absolutely void to all intents 
 and purposes. And it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, her 
 heirs and successors, by the Governor, or some person 
 by them or him authorised in that behalf to re-enter on 
 the said land or any part thereof, and the said grantees 
 and all occupiers thereof therefrom wholly to remove. 
 In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and 
 seal this second day of March in the . year of our Lord 
 one thousand eight hundred and forty -eight, in the 
 eleventh year of Her Majesty's reign. 
 
 " Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of 
 
 " A. H. MUNDY, 
 
 "Colonial Secretary." 
 Fortified with the legal opinion we have quoted above, 
 His Lordship brought an action of trespass against the 
 Corporation in the Supreme Court, to recover possession 
 of the acre. The Bishop had offered to have the matter 
 referred to arbitration, but the proposal was declined. The 
 case was tried on the 28th and 29th June, and the defence 
 set up was, that the Governor had no power to make 
 any such grant as that to the Bishop, or that if he had, 
 the grant was void, because the land had already been 
 reserved for the use and recreation of the inhabitants of 
 the City of Adelaide ; also, that the resumption of the 
 lands in question by the Crown, after the collapse of the 
 first Corporation, did not reconstitute them reserved waste 
 lands of the Crown, so as to enable him to make a fresh 
 grant of them for purposes other than those for which 
 they had been originally set apart. The jury returned
 
 126 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 a special verdict to the effect that the land had been 
 originally set apart for the use and recreation of the 
 citizens, thus rejecting the Bishop's claim. The verdict 
 was generally approved of, hut the legal opinion on which 
 the Bishop had been induced to come into court, would 
 have justified him in carrying the case to Her Majesty, 
 in Council on Appeal. His Lordship, who had acted 
 with good feeling and moderation throughout the whole 
 of the dispute, declined to pursue the matter further, 
 and the verdict which preserved the acre to the people 
 of Adelaide has remained undisturbed. The plans 
 which refer to the disputed acre present curiously 
 diverse features for official records, and are reproduced* 
 further on. 
 
 In this year the Botanical Gardens Act was passed, 
 A small reserve had been made in the Park Lands in the 
 early days of the colony for a Botanic Garden, but it 
 was too small for the purpose, and was let at a trifling 
 rent. The Act set aside a piece of ground forty acres 
 in extent, situated at the eastern end of North-terrace, 
 and its management rested in a Committee of whom the 
 Mayor is ex officio a member, and also the senior 
 member of the House of Assembly representing the 
 City. The first Director was Mr. G. Francis, F.H.S., 
 who framed the general plan which since his death has 
 been elaborated and carried out with such eminent 
 success by his successor, Dr. R, Schomburgh. 
 
 * See Appendix F.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 127 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The restored prosperity of the city in 1852, made 
 it more and more urgently necessary to re-establish 
 commuication between North and South Adelaide by 
 means of a bridge. Formerly there had been three 
 bridges within the limits of the city, besides two outside 
 its boundaries. These had all been washed away with 
 the exception of Thebarton Bridge, which kept open the 
 communication between the city and the Port. In 
 summer time travellers could avail themselves of fords 
 which had been constructed near the sites of the old 
 bridges, and by temporary foot-bridges for pedestrians, 
 but when the rains set in the fords became impassable 
 in consequence of the heavy floods which swelled the 
 Torrens, and for drays and other vehicles there was no 
 means of reaching the northern part of the town except 
 by way of Thebarton, which involved a detour of some 
 three miles. In 1852 the Legislative Council authorised 
 the preparation of plans for a bridge on the site of the 
 old City Bridge, but nothing was done with them. * One 
 was adopted by the Council prepared by Mr. E. W. 
 Wright. It consisted of a single stone arch of ninety
 
 128 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 feet span, with a carriageway sixteen feet wide and a side 
 footpath of six feet. The Government of the day did not 
 endorse the selection made by the Legislative Council, and 
 the Colonial Architect was directed to prepare designs for 
 another and more convenient structure. It consisted of a 
 platform of timber supported by wrought-iron bowstring 
 girders resting upon stone abutments built on a foundation 
 of piles. The span was one hundred feet, with a carriage- 
 way twenty-three feet six inches wide, and a footway on 
 each side five feet wide. This was approved of, and the 
 iron work ordered from Messrs. Fox, Henderson, & Co., 
 the builders of the Crystal Palace of 1851. About the 
 same time Messrs. J. England and W. R. Coulthard, two 
 English engineers, forwarded plans of tubular girder 
 bridges, one with the platform suspended from the girders, 
 the other with the platform resting on them. They also 
 proposed to carry the roadway to North Adelaide in a 
 line with King William- street, cutting off a portion of 
 the Government Domain. Their designs were laid aside, 
 though their suggestions as to the roadway were acted 
 upon. The work of making the road was put in hand in 
 1854, and the- stone abutments were completed by the 
 end of 1855, so as to be ready for the superstructure 
 which arrived in the Colony shortly afterwards. At the 
 same time the Central Road Board commenced the 
 erection of a wooden bridge with three spans of fifty- six 
 feet each. The roadway was suspended from trusses 
 supported on wooden abutments and piers. The site was 
 at a ford near the Company's old mills on the North- 
 eastern-road, and provided for the traffic which left the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 129 
 
 city for the north-eastern settled districts. The bridge 
 was designed by Mr. G. E. Hamilton, C.E., and was 
 erected by Messrs. England and Coulthard. Other 
 provision had been made for meeting the heavy carriage 
 traffic which the rapidly increasing commerce of the 
 colony demanded, and besides these bridges the works 
 connected with the railway between Adelaide and the 
 Port had been vigorously pushed on during the preceding 
 year and were fast approaching completion, and a rail- 
 way to Gawler was projected and commenced. This 
 was not undertaken without much opposition in the 
 Legislative Council. It was necessary to borrow money 
 for its construction, and many of the members, who had 
 a vivid recollection of the inconveniences which were felt 
 when the Colony had to depend for its expenditure on 
 public works on funds obtained from the Home Govern- 
 ment, objected strongly to any fresh debt being incurred. 
 Sir Henry Yoimg's policy, however, prevailed, and the 
 construction of the Gawler line, the beginning of a 
 through line to Kapunda and of a subsequent extension 
 to the Burra, has been followed by the most beneficial 
 results to the commerce of Adelaide and the comfort of 
 its inhabitants. 
 
 On the 1st December the annual elections took place 
 as usual. There were several changes during the year. 
 At the outset Mr. Alderman John Lazar was elected 
 Mayor in place of Mr. Hall, who retired; and Mr. T. 
 Powell, Mr. F. W. Thomas, and Mr. W. A. Hughes 
 were chosen Councillors in the room of Messrs. Platts, 
 Hay, and Field Early in February Mr. W T. Sabben
 
 130 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 retired from the post of Town Clerk. Mr. Councillor 
 Hughes then resigned his seat in the Council and became 
 Town Clerk. Mr. Alex. Cumming filled the vacancy at 
 the Council board. Mr. L. Egan, keeper of the gaol, 
 was obliged to give up his seat because its duties 
 interfered with the discharge of his official functions, 
 and was succeeded by Mr. H. D. Hilton; and Mr. 
 Futcher was succeeded by Mr. S. Mason, who had been 
 Clerk of Markets. Messrs. Stewart, Harman, and 
 Powell, also vacated their offices, and their places were 
 filled by Messrs. R. Hall, W. Baldwin, and John Kellet. 
 The assessment made during this year showed a 
 considerable increase in the value of the city property 
 liable to be rated, the amount being £190,014 5s., as 
 against £148,504, being an advance of £41,510 5s. above 
 the total of the previous valuation. The revenue for 
 the year, however, appears not to have increased in 
 proportion, for the total receipts to December 31st were 
 only £23,958 7s. 6d., as against £22,989 5s. 3d. in the 
 previous financial year. Of this amount £7,813 10s. lid- 
 was derived from rates ; £10,187 10s. 3d. was contributed 
 by the Government. The market dues were £637 Is., 
 slaughtering fees £1,664 13s. 6d., and from the Park 
 Lands 1,567 6s. lOd. ; the miscellaneous receipts were 
 £2,088 5s. The Corporation expended during the year 
 £13,630 9s. 8d. on public improvements, and on office 
 expenses and salaries, election expenses and printing 
 £3,103 10s. 9d. A singular item appears in the balance- 
 sheet — £786 2s. lOd. was spent in endeavoring to convert 
 the slaughterhouse offal into manure. The return from
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 131 
 
 this source was only £129 9s. 7d. During this year a 
 Mayor's Court, which took cognizance of offences against 
 the municipal laws, was established. There is no record 
 of any authority under which it was called into existence. 
 It was stated that it was done under the advice of the 
 Police Magistrate, though how he could authorise the 
 establishment of such a tribunal does not appear. Its 
 tirst sitting — at least the first recorded — was held on the 
 2nd April, 1856, when a person was fined for removing 
 sand from the river without a licence. In reference to 
 this Court the Mayor states — " The establishment of the 
 Mayor's Court has, I believe, given satisfaction to the 
 citizens generally, for the reasons mentioned in my last 
 report, and although it has entailed on the Town Clerk 
 principally additional labor, it has not prevented the 
 duties of his department being efficiently performed. 
 The receipts in fines and fees since the establishment in 
 April last have amounted to £240." This view of the 
 case, does not seem to have been shared by the 
 inhabitants generally, for the Court was abolished or 
 fell into disuse in a couple of years afterwards. During 
 this year the first Waterworks Act was passed. This 
 authorised the raising of £280,000 by loan on bonds 
 terminable at various periods, and bearing six per cent, 
 interest. Two hundred thousand pounds of this amount 
 was intended to cover the cost of damming up the 
 Torrens in the gorge through which it finds its way to 
 the plains and to the Reedbeds, of making a storage 
 reservoir capable of containing 180,000,000 of gallons, 
 and of providing the necessary mains, distribution pipes,
 
 132 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 fire plugs, &c., and £80,000 was to be devoted to draining 
 the City. Only £200,000, however, was raised — the 
 drainage scheme being unfortunately abandoned. The 
 Act contained provision that as soon as the sums 
 received by the rates had amoimted to a total equal to 
 the principal borrowed and the interest paid upon it, the 
 whole of the works should be transferred from the 
 Grovernment to the Corporation. Sir Henry Young 
 during his governorship had contemplated these works, 
 but it remained for Sir Richard MacDonnell — one of our 
 most able and popular Governors to carry it into effect. 
 Capt. Freeling, R.E., Surveyor- General, who had been 
 Chairman of the City Commission, took a very active 
 part in inducing the Governor to propose the scheme to 
 the Legislature. In an arid climate like that of South 
 Australia, water is almost of priceless value, and before 
 the waterworks were constructed few cities in the world 
 were worse supplied than Adelaide. The inhabitants 
 were compelled to depend upon water-carts, the drivers 
 of which dipped the water out of the river and brought 
 it to the houses. The charges varied from Is. 6d. to 
 3s. per 50 gallons, according to the distance from the 
 river. The supply was of course scanty and of bad 
 quality — barely sufficient to meet the narrowest wants — 
 and absolutely worthless in case of fire. The better 
 class of houses had tanks into which the rain from the 
 roofs was collected, but these were seldom sufficiently 
 capacious to afford a permanent supply. Such facts as 
 these, it might be supposed, would have enlisted the 
 sympathies of the Legislative Councillors, yet the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 133 
 
 scheme was vigorously opposed. Many of the members 
 considered the plan proposed too costly, and were in 
 favor of a scheme of pumping up the water for distri- 
 bution into a large tank, which at best would only aiford 
 an intermittent supply of indifferent quality, and of 
 doubtful efficacy against any extensive conflagration. 
 The Legislative Council was at that time the only 
 legislative chamber, and was composed of eight members 
 nominated by the Governor and sixteen elected by 
 various districts in the colony. The Governor was able 
 to command a majority. Those who opposed the 
 project being unable to defeat it, suffered the Bill to 
 pass without a division, and it went through the whole 
 of its stages in one afternoon. The opposition to the 
 Bill was not confined to members of the Legislature. 
 Many of the owners of land and house property in the 
 City got up a strong agitation against it on the ground 
 that it would become a tax upon them, and would 
 deteriorate the value of their possessions by decreasing 
 rents without conferring upon them any equivalent. 
 They considered that the supply afforded by the water- 
 carts from the river, and from a tank erected by Messrs. 
 Pybus & Turner near the ford at Morphett- street, at the 
 western end of the City, was sufficient to meet all 
 requirements for many years. The works, however, 
 progressed, and although they cost more than was 
 estimated, they resulted in providing a constant service 
 of water of the best quality at high pressure. For 
 abundance of supply, completeness, and efficiency, the 
 Adelaide waterworks are not surpassed by any water
 
 134 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 supply system in the world to a City of equal size. 
 The works have since then been largely increased, 
 and the supply has been extended to Port Adelaide, the 
 Towns of Kensington and Norwood, Glenelg, Unley, and 
 the Northern and Eastern Suburban Districts. They 
 have proved to be not only a great financial success but, 
 as might have been expected, an inestimable advantage 
 to all the inhabitants. The carrying out of the plan was 
 at first entrusted to a Commission of three, but it was 
 afterwards taken in hand by the Government. The 
 works were originally designed by Mr. G. E. Hamilton. 
 C.E. In consequence of the failure of the weir con- 
 structed by him he resigned his office and Mr. J. 
 England, jun., M.I.C.E., succeeded him. Under his 
 management the details of the scheme were considerably 
 altered and improved, and brought to a successful 
 conclusion. 
 
 On the 21st April the railway connecting the City 
 with the Port was formally opened, and the event 
 was celebrated by a banquet at Port Adelaide, at 
 which His Excellency the Governor attended. Two 
 hundred of the leading citizens, ladies as well as 
 gentlemen, were present. Mr. A. Watts, J. P. of the 
 firm of P. Levi & Co.) presided. The Stewards for 
 the occasion were B. T. Finniss, Esq., the Colonial 
 Secretary ; Messrs. J. Ellis, C. S. Hare, S. Davenport, 
 M.L.C., W. Younghusband, M.L.C., J. H. Fisher, 
 Speaker of the Legislative Council, W. Giles, J. B. 
 Hughes, M.L.C., N. Oldham, Manager of the Union 
 Bank, G. Tinline, Manager of the South Australian
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 135 
 
 Banking Company, and S. '^Tomkinson, Manager of the 
 Bank of Australasia. The festival went off successfully, 
 but even at the banquet, some few raised their voices 
 against railway extension, and gravely argued that as 
 South Australia had arrived at a high state of develop- 
 ment and prosperity without railways it could afford to 
 do without them for an indefinite period. Mr. J. Baker, 
 M.L.C., and Mr. S. Tomkinson both argued in this 
 singular ftishion — happily, it may be said, without 
 convincing any appreciable number of their fellow- 
 colonists that the City or the province could afford to 
 lag behind the rest of the world. During his term of 
 office as Mayor, Mr. Lazar endeavored to press upon 
 the Government the necessity of passing a Building Act 
 for the City, but without success. The Executive, 
 however, offered to make a grant of £5,000 to the 
 Corporation in order to establish some provision against 
 fire. Strangely enough the offer was not accepted, and 
 the year closed without anything being done in the 
 matter. 
 
 The new bridge over the Torrens was completed and 
 opened for traffic in June, 1856, but without any formal 
 ceremony. The Corporation had had nothing to do 
 with its erection, the funds being provided by the 
 Grovernor, who defrayed the cost out of the Land Fund, 
 a portion of which was at his uncontrolled disposal. It 
 was a free gift to the City in addition to the yearly 
 subsidy voted by the Legislature in aid of the Municipal 
 rates. The original estimate for the bridge alone was 
 £8,393 and for the approaches £6,136. The actual
 
 136 CITY OF ADELAIDE 
 
 cost of the structure appears in the official records as 
 amounting to £22,778 14s. 3d., or more than 50 per 
 cent, beyond what had been contemplated when the 
 work was projected. 
 
 On the 25th of June the City and a portion of the 
 surrounding country was visited by an earthquake. It 
 was very smart while it lasted, but it did no damage. 
 It was distinctly felt for many miles, and it occurred at 
 22 minutes past 2 a.m. It caused a violent rocking of 
 beds and glasses and a shaking of windows, and was 
 accompanied by a heavy low rumbling sound, like that 
 produced by the passage of a heavy railway train over 
 an iron bridge, increasing in intensity as it approached, 
 and dying away in the distance. The direction was 
 from S.W. to N.E. At the time of its occurrence the 
 wind was light and fresh — N.N.W.. to N.W. — and the 
 sky cloudy and threatening.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. J 37 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Several changes took place in the constitution of the 
 City Council during 1856-7 — more than as yet had taken 
 place in its personnel since the re-establishment of the 
 Corporation. At the customary period Messrs. S. 
 Goode, sen., Hugall, Osborne, Sabben, and J. Williams 
 were chosen as Councillors, and Mr. H. D. Hilton was 
 re-elected without opposition, and Mr. S. Lazar again 
 became Mayor. The salary attached to this office had 
 been reduced in the previous year from £300 to £200. 
 At the first meeting of the Council it was restored to its 
 original amount — not, however, without strong opposi- 
 tion. Early in January, 1857, Alderman Richman 
 resigned his seat and was succeeded by Mr. W. Elliot. 
 On the 16th of February Alderman Hall died. The 
 vacancy caused by his decease was filled by Mr. H. 
 Higginson. In March Mr. H. W. Peryman, who for 
 some years had acted as City Surveyor, resigned his 
 office in consequence of some serious differences with 
 the Coimcil. Mr. Samuel Mills was appointed in his 
 place. Councillors Witt and Kellett withdrew from the 
 Council, and Messrs. J. Clark and J. Wyatt were chosen
 
 138 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 to succeed them. In August Alderman Higginson 
 resigned, and Mr. Peryman, who had formerly been 
 City Surveyor, offered himself for election and was 
 accepted. These frequent changes were in some measure 
 due to the fact that the Corporation had lost considerably 
 in public estimation, and many of the members were 
 anxious to cease their connection with it. The debates 
 in the Council were not always carried on in a spirit of 
 moderation and forbearance calculated to promote the 
 dispatch of public business ; and an impression had got 
 abroad that the Corporate affairs were not conducted 
 with that strictness and impartiality which the interests 
 of the City demanded. Well or ill founded, this impres- 
 sion prevailed for a considerable time, and it was difficult 
 to induce persons of high public or social position to 
 allow themselves to be nominated to the City Council. 
 The financial position of the Corporation at this period 
 was not satisfactory. The assessment of the City had 
 decreased to the amount of above £7,000, and at the 
 close of the year the account of the Corporation with the 
 Bank was overdrawn to the extent of £4,407 Is. The 
 actual revenue for the year amounted to £27,022 18s. Id., 
 derived as follows: — Rates, £9,581 8s. 8d.; Grovern- 
 ment Grant, £10,069 9s. 2d.; Slaughterhouse fees> 
 £1,481 12s. 2d.; Cattle Market, £566 12s.; Park Lands, 
 £1,546 8s. lid.; and miscellaneous, £3,775 7s. 2d. The 
 expenditure had reached £31,430 19s. id., and was thus 
 distributed : — Making and maintaining streets, fords, 
 &c., £20,437 12s. Id. ; slaughterhouses, markets, 
 &c., £4,590 12s. 3d. ; salaries and office expenses,
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 139 
 
 £3,463 14s. 11(1.; and in the deodorising establishment, 
 £864 17s. lid. The net receipts from this were only 
 £15 for the year. In two years the expenditure on this 
 account had exceeded the return by £1,506 lis. 2d. In 
 spite of this experience the experiment was persevered 
 in for two years more, thus entailing a loss of £2,400, 
 which was completely wasted. 
 
 The year 1857 will always be remembered as that in 
 which the Constitution Act came into force. It com- 
 pletely altered the position of the Governor of the 
 province. He could no longer act on his own authority, 
 but only on the advice of ministers responsible to Parlia- 
 ment. The active interference of the Secretary of State 
 in England in the affairs of the colony was abolished. 
 The Land Fund was entirely given over to the colonists, 
 and except for a certain power of disallowance of bills 
 which have been passed by the Local Parliament, and the 
 prerogative of appointing the Governors, which have 
 been reserved to the Crown, South Australia is virtually 
 an independent state. Under the Electoral Act, according 
 to the provisions of which the members of the House of 
 Assembly are chosen, the number of City representatives 
 was increased to six. That Act has been altered twice 
 since then. On the first occasion the City was divided 
 into two electoral districts, each of which returns two 
 members, and on the second, the municipality was again 
 divided into three districts. North Adelaide, East 
 Adelaide, and West Adelaide. The first returns only 
 one member, the other two, two each.
 
 140 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 The little building which had served as a place of 
 meeting for the Corporation was found to be too small 
 and inconvenient to answer the purpose any longer. 
 It had been erected by the City Commissioners, and 
 though perhaps sufficient for them and for the limited 
 operations they carried on, it never was suited for a 
 Corporation. A new Town Hall was accordingly pro- 
 jected. In order to raise the money necessary for the 
 purpose, it was proposed to lay out the Corporation 
 Acre in blocks to be let on leases for building purposes, 
 reserving sufficient space for erecting a Town Hall to 
 front King William-street. This plan, it was expected, 
 would enable the Corporation to build the hall without 
 expense to the ratepayers, if, as was supposed, the 
 Government would give a special grant in aid equal to 
 whatever amount was received in the shape of premiums 
 on the building leases. This expectation was not 
 realised. 
 
 An important question relating to the mode of 
 assessing property in the City arose when the annual 
 assessment was made. In arriving at the value of the 
 different vacant acres, many of which belonged to the 
 South Australian Company, the valuator took into his 
 calculation the increased value of the freehold of those 
 acres which had been improved by public works carried 
 out at the expense of the Corporation in the streets in 
 which they were situated. Such a mode of assessment 
 pressed heavily on many of the owners of unoccu- 
 pied land, which yielded no revenue. The South 
 Australian Company, being the largest holders of town
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 141 
 
 acres, appealed against the assessment, which imposed 
 on them a greatly increased contribution to the City 
 funds. The case was heard in the Local Court, and 
 decided in favor of the Company, the Court holding 
 that the proper mode of estimating the value of such 
 places for the purpose of rating was to take as the 
 amount the sum for which they could be let for one 
 year. It was proposed after this decision to obtain a 
 short Act of Parliament so as to enable the Corporation 
 to carry their views into effect. Little, however, has 
 been done in the matter, and the original mode of 
 assessment is that now in force, except that under Act 
 16 of 1861, Section 152, the assessment shall be five per 
 cent, on the freehold value at the time of assessment. 
 In his annual report the Mayor remarks upon this 
 point — 
 
 " I view the late decision in the appeal. South Aus- 
 tralian Company versus the Corporation, as exceedingly 
 detrimental to the interests of the City. By the 61st 
 section of the Corporation Ordinance, full power is 
 given to the Council to order assessments to be made 
 of ' all buildings, lands, tenements, and hereditaments 
 within the city whether occupied or not occupied, rented 
 or not rented, according to the full, fair, and average 
 estimated annual value of the same, clear of all out- 
 goings. By the 62nd section 'The Valuator is to value, 
 rate, and assess all such buildings, lands, tenements, and 
 hereditaments, to such rates and assessments as afore- 
 said.' The assessment is to specify the owners of all 
 buildings, lands, &c., liable to payment of the rates; and
 
 142 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 when the premises shall be unoccupied, it is directed 
 that they shall be charged with the full and fair annual 
 value thereof to let. By the 71st section unoccupied 
 lands, and the owners of which may reside out of the 
 province, are specially made liable, the reason assigned 
 being, ' that such lands will derive increased value from 
 the improvements effected in the City at the cost of the 
 Corporation, and it is reasonable that the owners should 
 contribute towards the funds which give increased value 
 to their property.' If the construction put upon these 
 clauses is to rule, viz.: — That properties are to be 
 assessed at what they would let for one year, then the 
 Banks, large shops, and in fact, all the principal 
 buildings must be put at about one-tenth their actual 
 value. As by the Ordinance the judgment is final, 1 
 would advise that a short Bill be laid before Parliament 
 to amend the Ordinance, in so far as it may be defective 
 regarding vacant lands, in order that this and the other 
 Corporations and District Councils may not be placed in 
 the very painful and unjust position of taxing industry 
 and colonial labor, to benefit the absentee proprietors, 
 who, when the property of the city, town, or district 
 shall have arisen to a high amount, will sell their lands, 
 not at what they were worth before the improvements 
 began, but at the prices to which they have been raised 
 by those very improvements." Public opinion was 
 against the Corporation on this question. It was felt 
 that time would remove all difficulties arising out of it. 
 The increased revenue derivable by the Corporation 
 from the adoption of their proposals would not be
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 143 
 
 considerable, whilst the hardship on a few ratepayers 
 would be great, so that special legislation was held to be 
 undesirable. 
 
 An attempt was made early in the year to procure 
 the passing of a Building Bill through Parliament. In 
 1855 a Bill had been introduced, but it met with 
 vigorous opposition and was withdrawn. The Bill of 
 1857 passed its second reading, but did not become law. 
 A project was made about the same time for improving 
 the River Torrens. The City Surveyor was instructed 
 to prepare designs for the general improvement of the 
 River Torrens within the municipal boundary by 
 clearing and regulating its bed, constructing weirs 
 for the retention of water, regulating, planting, and 
 grassing its banks or otherwise ; also for the improve- 
 ment and laying out of the City Park Lauds, especial 
 provision being made therein for public roads, drives, 
 walks, gardens or other enclosures, avenues, and other 
 arrangements of trees and shrubs, a racecourse and 
 cricket grounds, together with other appropriate means 
 of public health, recreation, and convenience. No 
 provision, however, was made for obtaining the neces- 
 sary funds. The Corporation possessed no power to 
 borrow money for that or any other purpose, and the 
 public finances had so many and such pressing demands 
 to meet the requirements of the country districts for 
 roads and bridges, that a special grant from the 
 Parliament could not be looked for. Little has been 
 done in this direction up to the present time. Even 
 such an apparently indespensable institution as a Fire
 
 144 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Brigade was only talked about. The Mayor in his 
 report suggested the advisability of doing something 
 towards it, but the matter was not brought before the 
 Council in such a shape as to lead to any substantial 
 result. 
 
 The year 1856-7 cannot be looked back upon with 
 any degree of satisfaction as far as regards the pro- 
 ceedings of the Corporation. Law proceedings, discord 
 in the Council, unwise expenditure, and the commence- 
 ment of the City debt constitute the most prominent 
 incidents in its history. The want of harmonious 
 working, which was manifested both by the Councillors 
 and the Corporation officials in their mutual relations, 
 prevented much solid improvement that might otherwise 
 have been secured, and the effects of this undesirable 
 state of affairs were felt for some time after its close. 
 The first section of the Adelaide and Gawler railway 
 (12 miles) was opened on the 5th October, and the event 
 celebrated by a banquet at Salisbury.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 145 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 The most important step that has been undertaken in 
 connection with the progress of the City of Adelaide 
 and the general advancement of South Australia has 
 been the establishment of the Magnetic Telegraph. It 
 began in a very small way. The first effort was almost 
 an experiment, being confined to a line about 8 J miles 
 long, connecting Port Adelaide with the City, and it was 
 erected by a private person. Mr. James Macgeorge, 
 who had resided for some years in South Australia, 
 visited Europe, and returned to the colony in 1854, 
 bringing with him some telegraph apparatus. For many 
 months afterwards, no attempt was made to erect it. It 
 was not until July 1856 that the matter was taken 
 seriously in hand. An application was then made to the 
 Corporation for permission to erect the telegraph poles 
 across the Park Lands and in the streets to the 
 Exchange. This request was complied with. A similar 
 request was made to the Central Road Board for leave 
 to erect the line along the Port road, the most direct 
 course to Port Adelaide, but this was refused. The 
 Central Road Bonrd, although partly elective, was 
 
 K
 
 146 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 dependent entirely on the Government for funds, and its 
 members did not consider themselves warranted in 
 sanctioning the erection of a work — on property which, 
 though under their control, really vested in the Govern- 
 ment — which was intended to compete with the Govern- 
 ment line of telegraph projected some time before, and 
 at the time actually on its way to the colony. In this 
 difficulty resort was had to the District Council of 
 Hindmarsh, who had control of a line of by-road parallel 
 to the Port road, but considerably to the north of that 
 thoroughfare, and their consent being readily given, the 
 poles were fixed, and the wires strained upon them. In 
 order to convince the sceptical (and there were not a 
 few) of the value of telegraphic communication, the 
 proprietor kept the line open for the first week free of 
 charge. A considerable amount of business, considering 
 what the City and Port then were, was done by its 
 means until the Government lines could be erected. It 
 was a temporary expedient only, run up very roughly. 
 It had but one wire, and two instruments, neither of 
 them equal to the then existing standard of telegraphic 
 apparatus, and not suited to the peculiarities of the 
 South Australian climate. It did not long survive the 
 establishment of the Government system, and after 
 being at work for nearly two years, was sold to a private 
 firm (Messrs. Elder, Stirling, and Co.) and eventually 
 taken down. Since then the whole system of telegraphic 
 communication has been in the hands of the Government, 
 and under the management of Mr. Charles Todd, by 
 whom it was established and organised. Whilst Mr.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. J 47 
 
 Macgeorge's line was at work, a Committee of the 
 Legislative Coimcil had been appointed, apparently for 
 the purpose of examining into the proposed expenditure 
 of the Government for the year 1856, which, it was 
 alleged, was projected on a basis much in excess of the 
 resources and prospects of the colony. The real object 
 was to work out a practical protest against the divided 
 authority in the administration of the public funds which 
 at that time existed. The Land Fund, at least a certain 
 portion of it, was at the disposal of the Governor, 
 without any control over it by the Legislative bodv. 
 The general revenue was expended nominally under the 
 votes of the Legislature, but the Governor in disbursing 
 the general revenue could override the votes of the 
 Council by contracting the expenditure authorised for 
 any particular purpose, or by spending money in a 
 variety of ways, before any specific appropriations were 
 submitted to the Legislature. In the course of that 
 inquiry, fears were expressed that the establishment of 
 the telegraph would diminish the income derived from 
 the Post Office. In that year the postal receipts were 
 £7,841. In the year following, when 36 miles of wire 
 were at work, the postal receipts had increased to 
 £8,925. Mr. Todd estimated that at the outset he 
 would have 60 messages per day, and an income from 
 the telegraph lines of £1,100 a year. The income for 
 the first year was only £366. At the close of 1876, it 
 had increased to £33,618 for the year, and was steadily 
 increasing. The number of miles of wire erected and 
 in operation at that date was 3,972. Since the first
 
 148 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 unpretending line was put up, the colony has been placed 
 in communication with Melbourne, Sydney, Queensland, 
 Tasmania, and New Zealand. At the time of writing a 
 line has just been completed from Adelaide to Western 
 Australia, thus uniting the whole of the Australian colo- 
 nies under one system. A line has also been completed 
 across the Australian Continent from Adelaide to Port 
 Darwin, connecting the City with the Netherlands 
 India, China, India, Ceylon, Europe, England, and 
 America. This line, which cost £370,000, was erected 
 by the enterprise and at the sole cost of South Australia. 
 For his services in forwardina; the construction of this 
 line, Mr. C. Todd was named by Her Majesty the Queen 
 a Companion of the most distiugushed Order of St. 
 Michael and St. George, while Mr. H. Ayers, C.M.G., 
 who happened to be Chief Secretary at the date of its 
 completion, was knighted. The honor of the work, 
 however, is substantially due to the Hon. H. B. T. 
 Strangways, under whose Premiership it was projected, 
 and but for whom it would not have been undertaken. 
 By his foresight and enterprise the City of Adelaide 
 has become the telegraphic centre of the whole of the 
 Australian colonies, and the centre of communication 
 between them and the rest of the civilised world. 
 
 The year 1857 was not marked by many very 
 important events. The Park Lands were fenced in, a 
 great portion of them planted, and the approaches to the 
 City in consequence greatly improved. The growth of 
 the trees took away the very bare appearance of the 
 open spaces which surrounded it, and which had, partly
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 149 
 
 by decay and partly by destruction, been completely 
 denuded of the timber which had covered them in the 
 early days. An attemi)t was made to lay out the 
 Corporation Acre into blocks to be let on building 
 leases, and to erect a Town Hall out of the proceeds 
 derived from the sale of these leases, but although the 
 Mayor in his report to the Council was sanguine as to 
 the success of the project, it fell to the ground. A 
 Building Bill was introduced into Parliament by Mr. 
 Button, but it met with considerable opposition, and was 
 not passed into law. 
 
 In April in this year Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, 
 (appointed to succeed Sir Henry Young as Governor, 
 and who superseded B. T. Finniss, Esq., who for 
 a time administered the Government of the colony), 
 opened the first Parliament in South Australia. Her 
 Majesty had conceded the power of self-government to 
 all the Australian colonies some two or three years 
 before. South Australia had availed herself of the 
 privilege of forming her future Constitution, but as that 
 which was first adopted provided for a nominated Upper 
 House, memorials were sent to the Secretary of State 
 against it, and it was disallowed. The new Constitution 
 Act of 1855-6 provided for an elective Upper House, 
 the members being elected for twelve years, but one- 
 third retiring at the end of every fourth year. The 
 opening of the new Parliament was inaugurated without 
 any special ceremonial, nor was it accompanied by any 
 public demonstration. The highest expectations were 
 formed of the substantial and immediate benefits which
 
 150 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 all classes were to reap from its deliberations. Expe- 
 rience, however, has shown that as far as good 
 government is concerned the colony has not advanced 
 very materially, because, as subjects, the colonists were 
 already governed well. The great boon to the country 
 was that of government by the people themselves, who, 
 being on the spot, could meet local exigencies by imme- 
 diate special legislation without any interference from 
 those whose acquaintance with colonial life and require- 
 ments was slight, mostly superficial, frequently tainted 
 and warped by the personal prejudices of the Governor 
 on the spot, and invariably theoretical. The terms on 
 which this power was conceded to the colonists, and 
 the whole of the revenues derived from the sale or 
 occupation of the Crown Lands given up to them, were 
 liberal in the extreme. All that was required from them 
 was that they should grant a civil list to the Crown 
 providing for the salaries of the Governor and his 
 Ministers free from Parliamentary control, and retiring 
 pensions to those officers of State whose positions 
 became altered by the change. The amount fixed by 
 the Legislative Council, in which the new Act was 
 passed, was £12,500, the land revenue at that time 
 being not far from £250,000 a year. The only powers 
 reserved to the Crown* were the right of appointing the 
 Governors from time to time, and that of disallowing 
 any Acts passed by the Colonial Legislature which are 
 in contravention of English Law, or which infringe upon 
 treaties entered into by the Imperial Government. In 
 
 * Of course these powers are inherent in the Crown. It need scarcely be 
 said that they are not reserved in terms in our Constitution Act.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 151 
 
 almost every other sense of the expression, South Aus- 
 tralia (as well as each of the other Australian colonies) 
 may be regarded as an independent State. It might 
 have been expected that an occurrence which must 
 regulate the whole future of the colony, and which gave 
 it its first start in its political existence, would have been 
 ushered in with some popular manifestations. There 
 was a crowd of people assembled — not a very large 
 one — in front of the Parliament House in North-terrace, 
 to see the Governor ride up to the door, attended by a 
 small party of mounted troopers, receive a salute from 
 the military guard and police detachment drawn up in 
 the open space, enter the door of the building, come out 
 again, receive another salute, and then ride away. This 
 is how the new Constitution was ushered into being in 
 the good City of Adelaide. 
 
 In the year 1855-6, an Act had been passed by the 
 Legislature authorising the borrowing of a sum of 
 £280,000 to provide for the supply of water to the City 
 and for its drainage. The cost of the waterworks was 
 fixed at £200,000, and of the drainage system £80,000. 
 It was intended to dam up the river in the gorge of the 
 River Torrens, where it enters the plains from the range 
 of hills which lie to the eastward of the City, and 
 conduct the water impounded behind the weir into a 
 large reservoir at Thorndon Park, about three miles 
 nearer to Adelaide, from which it could gravitate to a 
 point at the north-eastern boundary of the Park Lands, 
 and thence be distributed through North and South 
 Adelaide. It was soon apparent that the sum set aside
 
 152 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 for drainage was insufficient for the purpose, so that 
 only £200,000 was raised for the waterworks alone. 
 The City had no immediate connection with the under- 
 takino;-, the manascement of which was entrusted to a 
 commission, of which the Mayor was a member. The 
 Act, however, provided that as soon as the amount 
 raised and expended on the construction of the works, 
 and the interest on the bonds which secured the debt had 
 been paid off by the rates collected for the supply of 
 water to the City, the whole of the works should be 
 transferred to the Corporation of Adelaide. Mr. Lazar 
 represented the interests of the City at the water- 
 works Board, and remained in that position after he had 
 ceased to be Mayor, and until the Commission was 
 abolished, and its affairs were transferred to the Govern- 
 ment. The works proceeded without attracting any 
 public attention until the weir which had been erected 
 proved on trial to be so defective as to be useless 
 Although that circumstance led to a change in the ofHee 
 of Engineer, Mr. J. England, jun,, being appointed in 
 the room of Mr. G. E. Hamilton, the Corporation, whom 
 it certainly concerned indirectly as adding to the cost of 
 the works for which the citizens would be required to 
 pay, did not interest themselves at all in the matter. All 
 the notice taken of the fact was a passing remark made 
 by the new Mayor, who was elected about the time 
 the failure became apparent. 
 
 On the 9th of December, 1858, the new members of 
 the City Council, Messrs. A. H. Gouge, R. O. Fox, 
 Cottrell, and Birrell, who had been elected to fill the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 153 
 
 places of Messrs. Wyatt, Goode, Clark, and Thomas, 
 were sworn in. On the ballot for Mayor, Mr. W, T. 
 Sabben received 8 votes, Mr. Alderman Lazar 6, 
 Mr. Alderman Elliot 1, and Mr, Alderman Wright 1. 
 The single votes were recorded merely to obviate the 
 delay which would have taken place if all the members 
 of the City Council who were present had not recorded 
 their votes. The retiring Mayor's report for the year 
 was extremely brief, and possessed a very small amount 
 of interest. It referred merely to the improved sanitary 
 condition of the City and the progress of planting and 
 fencing the Park Lands. It also urged the necessity of 
 erecting a proper Town HaU, and it recommended an 
 application to the Government for an advance of £6,000 
 in aid of the next year's rates. It does not appear that 
 the money was advanced, and much inconvenience was 
 felt in consequence. 
 
 At the time when it was usual to commence assessing 
 the various properties in the City in view of the following 
 year's rating, a new scheme of assessment was adopted, 
 and made an instruction to the City Valuator. It was 
 based upon a classification of the vacant lands, according 
 to situation, and comprised four classes, the rating of 
 which was fixed at Is., 9d., 6d., and 3d. per foot frontage 
 respectively. The experiment was not successful, for 
 the South Australian Company, who were the largest 
 proprietors of unoccupied land in the City, appealed 
 against the rates levied upon them, and were victorious. 
 In consequence of the decision of the Local Court, it 
 was found necessary to resort to the former mode of 
 assessing on the basis of annual value.
 
 154 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 A proposal was made to open roads for general traffic 
 through Hindmarsh-square, Light-square, Hurtle-square, 
 and Whitmore-square, but was not adopted by the Council. 
 The question was referred to the City Solicitors (Messrs. 
 Gwynne and Lawrance), and to the Attorney- General 
 and Crown Solicitor, for their opinion as to whether the 
 Council had power under the Act to do so. The opinions 
 expressed by these gentlemen were in accordance with 
 the decision in the case of the Cathedral Acre, namely, 
 that there was no power to use any of the City reserves 
 in any way which was not in accordance with the 
 purposes for which they had originally been set apart, 
 and that it would be necessary to obtain a special 
 Act of Parliament before they could be dealt with as 
 proposed. 
 
 The success which had attended the opening of the 
 City and Port Railway, and the excellent returns derived 
 from the Port Elliot and Goolwa Tramway, induced 
 certain gentlemen to project a line of tramway to 
 Glenelg. As a preliminary, it was thought advisable to 
 obtain the sanction of the Corporation for laying the 
 necessary rails through the streets. Much to the 
 surprise of everyone, the project was opposed, per- 
 mission was refused, and the enterprise was abandone(j 
 in consequence. 
 
 Early in the year occurred the death of the Right 
 Rev. Francis Murphy, D.D., Roman Catholic Bishop of 
 Adelaide,* and the first Bishop in South Australia. He 
 
 * The Roman Catholic Bishops are Bishops of Adelaide and Vicars Apostolic 
 of South Australia.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 155 
 
 arrived in the colony in 1844 from Sydney, where he 
 had been consecrated by the Most Rev. Archbishop 
 Folding, under whom he had filled the important office 
 of Vicar- General of Sydney. The Right Rev. Prelate 
 was beloved and respected by aU classes of society for 
 his piety, charity, and urbanity, and his decease was 
 regarded as a severe public loss. Intramural interments 
 are prohibited by law in the City of Adelaide. The 
 Vicar- General the Very Rev. M. Ryan, and the Catholic 
 Clergy and Laymen were most anxious that his remains 
 should rest in the Cathedral Church, which had been 
 commenced by his Lordship's exertions, and was fast 
 approaching completion. An application was made to 
 the City Council for permission to inter the body in the 
 Church. It was immediately granted, and the funeral 
 took place on the 28th April. The cortege was the 
 largest that had been seen in the colony, and was 
 attended by all the leading public men, and the Ministers 
 of religion of every denomination. 
 
 The assessment for 1858 amounted to £182,682, 
 showing a decrease, as compared with the previous 
 year, of £6,932, or nearly 4 per cent. The revenue for 
 the period was £29,526 6s. lOd. as against £31,430 
 19s. Id. in 1857. The City rates amounted to £6,829 
 6s. lOd., miscellaneous receipts to £4,190 2s. 7d. The 
 Government grant-in-aid was £7,620, and special votes 
 £391 14s. 6d. The Council also received the sum of 
 £5,621 lis. 2d. as repayment for sums expended in 
 making private streets. The balance was made up by a 
 sum due to the South Australian Banking Company of
 
 156 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 £6,873 lis. 9d., which was nearly equal to the falling 
 off in the assessment. The expenditure in public im- 
 provements during the year amomited to £21,616 19s. 8d., 
 and on salaries and office expenses £2,795 Is. 5d. The 
 year was not specially prosperous, nor fruitful of any 
 material advancement of the interests of the City. 
 
 The new Mayor did not long retain the position to 
 which he had been elected. Early in January, 1859, a 
 little more than a month after his elevation to the civic 
 chair, he was compelled to resign, and Alderman 
 E. W. Wright filled the office for the remainder of the 
 year. Mr. W. Elliot, an extensive miller, became 
 Alderman in succession to Mr Wright.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 157 
 
 CHAPTER XVIT. 
 
 The year 1859 opened witli unfavorable prospects 
 for the Corporation. Their finances were in an unsatis- 
 factory condition, and they would have become more 
 complicated still if the colony had not been visited by a 
 very dry season, for it enabled them to postpone several 
 important works which otherwise must have been under- 
 taken. In December, 1858, the debt of the Corporation 
 was £6,873 Us. 9d., in addition to about £2,000 due to 
 sundry creditors, whom there was no money to pay. 
 The credit of the Corporation was not good, for the 
 Bank refused to make any advance until the Government 
 chose to give another grant. This was a substantial refusal 
 of further accommodation, for if the Government 
 supplied any funds the Bank's assistance would not 
 become necessary, and the Bank would have run no risk 
 ill giving the accommodation which was required. There 
 was not the smallest danger of any such thing as a 
 refusal of the citizens to pay the Corporation debts, but 
 the mode of conducting the affairs of the City, and the 
 general unpopularity of the Council as a whole had 
 created a feeling of distrust, which doubtless influenced
 
 158 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 the attitude assumed by the Bank. The immediate con- 
 sequence of this was a very great reduction in the 
 expenditure. As might have been expected improve- 
 ments were suspended and nothing but the most necessary 
 repairs were carried out. The reduction made in the 
 year in this way was somewhere near £9,000, whilst in 
 that on the office expenses and salaries it was only £153. 
 The general prosperity of the colony notwithstanding 
 all the troubles it had passed through had attracted con- 
 siderable attention in England. The colonizing experi- 
 ment undertaken by a few enthusiasts had succeeded 
 beyond the highest expectations of its founders, and the 
 little struggling community had emerged into practical 
 political independence in the short space of twenty-three 
 years. The founders of the settlement had never lost 
 sight of their little state, and now that it had shown that 
 it was capable of taking its place in the family of nations, 
 they determined to do something which should at least 
 preserve the memory of Colonel Light, who had done so 
 much for the colony, and for Adelaide. On the 31st 
 January a letter was received from Colonel Palmer, of 
 Nazing Park, England, forwarding as a gift to the Cor- 
 poration a large silver bowl, with a piece of the wedding- 
 cake of H.R.H. the Princess Royal on her marriage with 
 the Crown Prince of Prussia. The bowl bears this 
 inscription : 
 
 Presented to 
 The Mayor akd Corporation of 
 
 Adelaide 
 that they may drink thereout in
 
 Geot^ge Palmer, Esq., 
 Jacob Montefiore, Esq., 
 
 !■ 
 
 city of adelaide. 169 
 
 Colonial Wine 
 
 TO the memory of 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Light, 
 
 THE First Surveyor- General of South Australia, 
 
 By some of the original Founders of the Colony, 
 
 viz., 
 
 Two of the original Commis- 
 sioners appointed by His 
 Majesty William IV., in 
 1835, who raised the first 
 loan of £35,000 by sale of 
 J land and £80,000 by loan. 
 The Trustee for £20,000 of 
 the above £35,000 required by 
 Parliament to be deposited to 
 obviate the attempt to found 
 the colony of South Australia 
 causing any charge to England. 
 Alexander Lang Elder, of Lancing, in Sussex. 
 
 A portion of the wedding-cake of Her Royal 
 Highness the Princess Royal of England on her 
 marriage with Prince Frederick of Prussia was presented 
 to the 
 
 Mayor and Corporation 
 
 OF 
 
 Adelaide 
 
 BY George Palmer, Esq., 
 
 OF Nazing Park, 
 
 One of the Commissioners and Founders of the Colony 
 
 of South Australia. 
 
 Raikes Currie, Esq., 
 M.P. for Northampton. 
 
 y
 
 160 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 The cake was distributed to the different Corporate 
 bodies in the colony, and amongst the Councillors and 
 citizens who were in attendance, and the bowl having 
 been filled with colonial wine, the Healths of Her 
 Majesty the Queen and of the Prince Consort were 
 drunk, and also the memory of Colonel Light, as 
 requested by the donors. A cordial vote of thanks was 
 passed to the donors, and a resolution was adopted 
 "that the practice of drinking to the memory of Colonel 
 Light be continued from year to year in the first meeting 
 of the Corporation, or after the anniversary of the 
 colony." It was also ordered that the bowl should 
 remain in the Council Chamber for a week for the 
 inspection of the citizens, and a sufficient sum was voted 
 to provide cake and wine, so that they might drink to 
 the memory of Colonel Light. 
 
 Early in the year an Act which had been passed in 
 the previous session of Parliament, which altered the 
 Waterworks Act, came into force. Under its pro- 
 visions the Commissioners were abolished, and the 
 conduct of the undertaking was transferred to one of the 
 Ministers — the Commissioner of Public Works — for the 
 time being. The waterworks thus became a depart- 
 ment of the public service, and whilst a saving to tlie 
 revenue was eftected, the establishment was brought 
 more completely under the control of the Government 
 than could have been the case under a Commission. 
 The City was thus deprived of all representation in the 
 carrying out of the undertaking, which, in realit}, 
 concerned the citizens even more nearly than the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 161 
 
 Grovernment, whose position was then admitted to he 
 only temporary in relntion to the works, and was 
 assumed only for the purpose of ensuring the due 
 repayment of the sums horrowed by the colony for their 
 construction. No opposition was raised by the City 
 Council against the alteration, although if it had been 
 suspected that the control of the water supply, and all the 
 profits derivable from the water rates, would be perma- 
 nently retained by the Government, the change would not 
 have been acquiesced in without remonstrance. Some 
 attempt was made to cause the Grovernment to alter the 
 arrangements which had been projected in laying the distri- 
 bution pipes in the streets. It was intended to lay two lines 
 of mains in the most populoiis streets, and only a single 
 line in the remainder. It was asserted that no benefit 
 would be derived from a single line of pipes, and that 
 serious inconvenience would arise from the constant 
 necessity of o|)ening the streets to stop leaks, and to lay 
 on house services. It was argued that the streets would 
 never be in order, that there would be a constant expense 
 incurred in repairing damages, that the traffic would be 
 interrupted, and the gas pipes (when introduced into the 
 City) would be exposed to injury by crossing them with 
 water pipes. These forebodings have not been realised. 
 The Government declined to direct the officers in charge 
 of the waterworks to alter their plan of construction. 
 It seemed to them that the requirements of the City had 
 been fully considered and adequately provided for in 
 ordering the plant from England. At the same time 
 the alterations which were suggested would serioiisty 
 
 L
 
 162 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 increase the outlay on the works, without adding 
 anything to the revenue, and great and undesirable 
 delay would be caused in the distribution of the water 
 throughout the City. At this time the feeling of 
 the Corporation towards the Government was not 
 cordial, especially on the subject of the water supply. 
 Under the waterworks department a survey of the City 
 had been made, which showed contour lines at every 
 five feet. This included all the unmade main and cross 
 streets, which then formed the principal portion of 
 Adelaide. An application was made by the waterworks 
 engineer for a plan showing the levels at which it was 
 proposed in future to finish them when constructed, in 
 order to furnish a guide to regulate the depth at which 
 the mains should be laid, and the lengths of the fireplug 
 connections. The application was refused, and the 
 alterations which have since become necessary in 
 consequence have entailed a cost of a very large amount 
 which might otherwise have been avoided. In making 
 his final report at the close of his term of oflSce, the 
 Mayor called special attention to the wretched condition 
 into which the streets had fallen. The very large 
 reduction in the expenditure on works during the pre- 
 vious year told its own tale; the streets were worn down to 
 the foundations, and must have been totally destroyed if 
 heavy weather had set in early in the following year. The 
 condition of the Park Lands, too, was so bad from want 
 of proper care that an endeavor was made to introduce 
 into a new Municipal Act a power to lease them, so that 
 they might be improved on a scale and in a way that the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 163 
 
 Council coiild not afford. At the end of 1859 the 
 financial position of the City Council had somewhat 
 improved. At its commencement, as we have seen, 
 there was a debt of about £9,000. This had been 
 brought down to £3,200, and there were sums out- 
 standing in favor of the Corporation which left an 
 available surplus of £1,000. 
 
 The assessment of the year showed an increase of 
 £8,000 over that of the previous year, but that which 
 was made for 1860 again showed a falling off of a very 
 serious amount, being £165,824, against £193,636 or 
 nearly 15 per cent. It is not easy to account for such a 
 remarkable discrepancy. If the principle followed in 
 assessing the City was correct and properly applied, 
 houses and land in Adelaide must have been exposed to 
 the most extraordinary vicissitudes in point of value, 
 which did not effect other kinds of property, nor extend 
 to similar possessions in other parts of the colony. We 
 find on reference to the official records, that notwith- 
 standing the large annual outlay by the Corporation on 
 public improvements averaging some £18,000 a year, 
 and the public and private buildings which were daily 
 increasing in number and extent, the advantages of water 
 supply, and the extended trade arising from increased 
 railway communication, property appeared continually 
 to fall in value, until in 1862 the rateable amount was 
 only £147 more than in 1855. The revenue for 1859 
 was £25,652 9s. 4d., made up from rates, £7,668 7s. 2d., 
 miscellaneous, £3,314 7s. 5d., Government grant, 
 £7,900, and advance on the next year's assessment, £2,150,
 
 164 
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 and due to bank, £2,478 9s. 3d. The expenditure 
 covered public improvements, £16,003 10s. 8d., salaries 
 and allowances, £1,631 17s. lOd., office, law, election, 
 and other charges, £1,009 9s. lOd. 
 
 In May, 1857, the Council invited 
 devices for a new City Seal, offering 
 a premium of £5 for the best. The 
 device selected was prepared by the 
 late Mr. W. Wyatt, of Burnside. It 
 was not, however, until the 23rd May, 
 1859, that the Town Clerk reported 
 the City Seal had arrived from London, where the device 
 had been sent; and on that date the Council declared 
 " that the Seal, of which a facsimile thereof is in the 
 margin, shall be the official seal of the City."
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 165 
 
 CHAPTKR XVI n. 
 
 On the retirement of Mr. Wriglit,* Mr. E. B. W. 
 Glandfield was elected Mayor, and Mr. Colton and Mr. 
 G. P. Harris became Aldermen at the beginning of 
 1859-60, Messrs. Horwood, Campbell, Kitely, and O. 
 Rankin taking the place of the retiring Councillors. 
 Their first act on coming into office was to reduce the 
 salary of tlie City Surveyor, wlio soon afterwards left 
 the service of the Corporation in consequence. At the 
 same meeting the first annual commemoration of the 
 gift of Colonel Palmer was made, and the memory of 
 Colonel Light drunk in solemn silence. In accordance 
 with the request of the donors, this custom has been 
 contiimed. 
 
 In constructing the City and Port Railway, the road 
 which led /rom Morphett-street to Korth Adelaide had 
 been closed. A road existed at a ford near the site of the 
 old bridge which had been carried away, but it became 
 necessary for railway purposes, and a new road was made, 
 crossing the railway by means of a bridge erected west of 
 
 * He resigned ©n the 9th Becember, and was fined £16.
 
 166 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Morphett- street. The convenience afforded by this was 
 not great. It was built in an unsuitable place, was most 
 unsightly, and made almost a right angle with North- 
 terrace, and besides the approaches were on heavy 
 gradients leading to the bridge on both sides. It was, 
 therefore, resolved that every attempt should be made 
 to induce the Government to re- open the road leading 
 from Morphett- street across the line of railway to the 
 Park Lands, which divided North and South Adelaide. 
 The railway authorities did not meet the wishes of the 
 Corporation, and a short time afterwards, on the 
 suggestion of Sir J. H. Fisher, the fences which 
 obstructed the right-of-way were forcibly removed, and 
 the road once more opened for traflfic. The Government, 
 in whom the railway vested, did not see fit to contest 
 the right of the citizens to the right-of-way, which, it 
 was alleged, had been closed without lawful authority, 
 and eventually constructed a level crossing with turn- 
 stiles for foot passengers. The violent proceedings 
 which had been taken ,to remove the fences were taken 
 in the face of the advice of the City Solicitors that the 
 Corporation had consented to the closing of the road 
 and could not repudiate their own acts. 
 
 A proposition was made to erect a dam across the 
 river so as to make a continuous sheet of water all 
 through the City, both for the purpose of having 
 ornamental lakes and for bathing purposes. The 
 members of the Corporation could not agree upon the 
 amount of money that should be expended on the work, 
 and the project was abandoned. An attempt was again
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 167 
 
 made to base the assessment on a fixed valuation of 
 frontage at per foot, on the ground that the existing 
 system of annual value was oppressive to the working 
 classes. It was shown, however, that the proposed plan 
 would have the effect of making their position worse 
 instead of improving it, and that bearing in mind the 
 existing legal decisions on the question, the proposition 
 was rejected. 
 
 Much attention was directed to the subject of 
 deodorising and turning to profitable account all the 
 slaughterhouse offal and refuse. A very heavy amount 
 had already been spent in experiments to secure that 
 end, but they had entirely failed financially and otherwise. 
 Application was then made to Mr. Thomas Wicksteed, 
 one of the leading engineers in England, connected with 
 waterworks and drainage, for advice on the subject. He 
 had had charge of the sewerage system in the Town of 
 Leicester, where the deodorisation of the sewage was 
 practised, and it was considered advisable to attempt 
 to introduce the plan into Adelaide. An application was 
 made to the Government to do something towards 
 introducing a system of drainage, but the Corporation 
 were informed in reply, that by the terms of the "Water- 
 works Act," no money could be spent upon the drainage of 
 the City until the waterworks had been completed, and the 
 whole of the principal sum borrowed, as well as the 
 interest upon it, had been repaid out of the sums 
 received for water-rates. The Corporation then turned 
 their attention solely to the best mode of dealing with 
 the refuse of the abattoirs. Mr. Wicksteed reported at
 
 168 CITY OF ADELAIDB- 
 
 great length on the question. He admitted that the plan in 
 operation at Leicester had tended greatly to improve the 
 public health of that town, but that it did not pay as a 
 speculation. With regard to the slaughterhouse, he 
 suggested a plan which according to his estimate would 
 be a commercial success, as well as effective in a sanitary 
 point of view. Operations were resumed at the 
 deodorising establishment, but whether the value of the 
 process had been overstated, or the process itself im- 
 properly carried out is uncertain. It was an absolute 
 failure, and after a years trial was abandoned, and the 
 blood and offal buried as before at some distance from 
 the City. Altogether the large sum of £3,333 4s. had 
 been spent in deodorising experiments, whilst the returns 
 from the manure sold were only £186 9s. 6d. 
 
 On the 4th of June the reservoir for the waterworks, 
 which had been constructed at Thorndon Park, was 
 formally opened. The stone weir by which the water 
 is dammed back in the gorge of the Torrens had been 
 sufficiently completed to admit of its being used, and the 
 21 -inch main by which it led to the reservoir duly laid. 
 The commencement of the filling of the reservoir was 
 not marked by any public ceremony. The manager, Mr. 
 J. D. Woods, and the engineer, Mr. J. England, jun., 
 however, entertained the chief officers of the PubHc 
 Works Department, and a large number of their friends 
 at luncheon, after they had inspected the works, and the 
 Hon. A. Hay, who at that time was Commissioner of 
 Public Works, took advantage of the opportunity of 
 laying the foundation stone of one of the wings of the
 
 CITY 0¥ ADELAIDE, 169 
 
 weir. Before the close of the year the water was 
 brouglit into the City and supplied in all the leading 
 streets. There was one provision in the Waterworks 
 Act which gave rise to general dissatisfaction, and that 
 was — That on the laying down of a line of main in any 
 street within the City, the water-rate for six months in 
 advance became due and payable by the owners or 
 occupiers of all the houses or tenements in that street, 
 whether they had b^en supplied with water or not. 
 This provision pressed with peculiar hardship upon 
 many who had houses in bye-streets where uo pipes 
 could be laid except at the owners cost. Meetings were 
 held upon the subject, and remonstrances were addressed 
 to the Government, wJio directed that the objectionable 
 provision should not be enforced. In the following year 
 a new Act was passed which remedied the evil com- 
 plained of, and provided for a better system of rating 
 than that contained in the original enactment. 
 
 On the 13th August the Northern line of railway 
 which had been extended to Gawler, was formally opened 
 to Kapuuda (a mining town some fifty miles north of 
 Adelaide) by His Excellency Sir Richard Graves 
 MacDonnell, the Governor, and the event was celebrated 
 by a banquet, at which all the leading members of the 
 Legislature, the principal public officers, and colonists 
 were present. We learn from one account of the pro- 
 ceedings that "in the Goods Shed His Excellency 
 inaugurated what is hoped and expected to be an 
 extensive and lucrative traffic by unloading from a cart 
 with his own hands, by means of a superior, a bale of
 
 170 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 wool ; and he also saw a quantity of copper in ingots 
 delivered for conveyance to the Port." 
 
 On the 24th of October, a public breakfast was given 
 in White's Assembly-rooms in honor of the return of 
 Mr. John McDouall Stuart from his first attempt to 
 cross the Australian Continent. With a very small 
 party, equipped by the late Mr. James Chambers and 
 Mr. J. Finke, he had reached a point near the Victoria 
 River in latitude 18° 57" S. and longitude 134° E., so 
 that on this occasion he had virtually solved the problem 
 of the interior, although at that time he had not actually 
 touched the shore of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The 
 chair was taken by the Hon. H. B. T. Strangways, 
 Commissioner of Crown Lands and Immigration, and 
 was supported by Sir K. G. MacDonnell (the Governor), 
 the Ministry, the Mayor of Adelaide (Mr. Glandfield), 
 Sir J. H. Fisher, M.L.C., and many other leading 
 colonists. About 400 gentlemen were present. Sir R. 
 MacDonnell proposed the health of the guest, and 
 presented him with a Westly-Richards rifle, and Sir 
 James Fisher presented him with another, purchased by 
 public subscription. The demonstration was a great 
 success, and shortly afterwards Mr. Stuart started on a 
 second expedition organised by the Government, in 
 which he succeeded in reaching the Indian Ocean. On 
 his first journey he was accompanied by only two 
 persons, Messrs. Keckwick and Head, to aid him in his 
 explorations. From Chambers' Creek, his starting point, 
 to his return to it, his journey occupied little more than 
 five months.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 171 
 
 The assessed value of property in the City for the 
 year showed a considerable decrease, being £165,824 
 against £193,686 in the year preceding. The revenue 
 from all sources amounted to £20,904 16s. 9d., and the 
 expenditure to £16,218 Os. 2d. on public improvements, 
 and £2,221 15s. 4d. on salaries and office expenses. 
 The grant from Government was £5,661, and the 
 overdraft at the bank £3,008 14s. lOd, 
 
 At the elections on the 1st December, Mr. Colton 
 was re-elected Alderman, Messrs. Carvosso, H. L. Vosz, 
 Mr. H. Brice, and Mr. O. Rankin were returned as 
 Councillors, the last without opposition. An address 
 was presented to the retiring Mayor to allow himself to 
 be nominated for the ensuing year, and having given his 
 assent to the proposal he was re-elected without 
 opposition. A desire was expressed by several members 
 of the Corporation at the usual meetings, that the 
 Mayor's Court which had fallen into abeyance in 1859, 
 should be revived. The suggestion was strongly opposed 
 by the Press, and public opinion was so decidedly against 
 its re-establishment that the matter was allowed to drop. 
 Early in 1861 some irregularities in the proceedings of 
 some of the Corporation officials prompted the Council 
 to have a special examination of the Corporation 
 accounts; the investigation, however, as performed 
 showed that there was nothing in their proceedings to 
 impugn the integrity of any one. 
 
 The year 1861 was not of a very eventful character. 
 The principal occurrence which affected the City of 
 Adelaide was the passing of a new Municipal Corporations
 
 172 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Act. This Act consolidated several separate enactments 
 into one, so as to define in a more complete way the 
 powers of the Corporation, the existence of some claimed 
 by the Coimcil being open to question. It had, moreover, 
 a special application to the circumstances of other cor- 
 porate towns, and provided a simple and easy means by 
 which new municipalities might be created and brought 
 under the operation of the law. Under its provisions 
 the office of Alderman was abolished, and the power of 
 electing the Mayor was vested in the citizens at large 
 instead of being left in the hands of the City Council. 
 The ordinance of 1849 which had governed the municipal 
 affiairs of Adelaide for nine years had been found to be 
 very defective in many important points, and obscure in 
 others, and the principle of leaving the election of the 
 Mayor to the voices of the Aldermen and Councillors 
 had not stood the test of experience. It was considered 
 that such a power left to the discretion of a small body 
 was to some extent calculated to prevent many desirable 
 persons from offering themselves as either Aldermen or 
 Councillors, and open to abuse by means of intrigue. 
 Scenes too had occurred in the conduct of its proceedings 
 which did not tend to raise the Council in public estima- 
 tion. The experiment was therefore tried of reducing 
 the number of Councillors to eight (two for each Ward), 
 who with the Mayor should form the City Council. The 
 experiment was successful in inducing better men to offer 
 themselves for civic honors, though it has since been found 
 necessary to increase the number of Councillors in 
 order to give representation to the increased number of
 
 CITY OP ADELAIDE. 173 
 
 citizens which the extension of the City and its 
 division into six wards had created. • The peculiar 
 wording of the Act caused some confusion in holding the 
 first elections in some of the suburban corporations, but 
 as far as Adelaide was concerned all went right.
 
 174 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 The new Act was assented to by the Governor on 
 the 29th November, and it came into operation on the 
 1st December. It was far from perfect, as was very 
 soon fomid out, but it was a vast improvement upon that 
 which it repealed. It was very favorably noticed by 
 the Press, and met the approval of the great majority 
 of the citizens. The first elections under its provisions 
 were held on December 16, the nominations having been 
 made on the 11th. The vacancies requiring to be filled 
 up were eleven in number, and for these there were 
 twenty- six candidates. Five citizens sought the position 
 of Mayor, fifteen that of Councillor, and six the office of 
 Auditor. In two cases the candidates were elected with- 
 out opposition, in the rest the contests were vigorous. 
 A more wholesome interest in the character of the City 
 Council was displayed on this occasion than had been 
 manifested for a long time previously, and there was 
 some prospect that in future men would be selected who 
 would reflect credit upon the Corporation, and aid 
 materially in developing its resources, and show them- 
 selves equal to the demands which the growing import-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 175 
 
 ance of the colonial metropolis made upon them. Prior 
 to the election it became necessary to appoint some one 
 to act as Returning Officer at the election for the 
 Mayoralty, because the retiring Mayor, who should have 
 discharged the duty, was a candidate. The following 
 gentlemen were elected : — Mr. Glandfield as Mayor, 
 Messrs. O. Rankin, S. Carvosso, H. L. Vosz, H. Brice, 
 T. English, J. Colton, W. Bundey, and S. Goode as Coun- 
 cillors. About 2,500 of the citizens, or more than one half 
 of those whose names were on the roll exercised their 
 franchise. On the results of the election the S. A. 
 Register* wrote thus : — " The eleven gentlemen elected 
 by the ratepayers of Adelaide to fill the office of Mayor, 
 Councillors, and Auditors for the first year under the 
 new municipal system, may be safely said to fully 
 represent the intelligence and respectability of the City 
 at large. Let our readers test the recent elections by 
 the fair process of comparing the representatives who 
 have been chosen with the average of the citizens whose 
 duty it has been to choose them. It will then be seen 
 that the community has nothing to complain of, but that 
 all classes of the ratepayers will be represented in the 
 Civic Council with fairness and ability. There is every 
 reason, in fact, to congratulate the public upon the fresh 
 start which has now been given to municipal matters in 
 this colony." It was not before a fresh start was needed. 
 Neither economy or judgment had heretofore regulated 
 the civic expenditure. The Council had exceeded their 
 resources, so that their Bankers declined to assist them. 
 
 * S. A. Register, 18th December, 1861,
 
 176 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 They had quarreled with their officers — the scenes, 
 which were of constant occurrence at the Council 
 meetings, had brought them very low in public esti- 
 mation. For a portion of the previous year, and for the 
 whole of 1861, tli^y had no City Surveyor, nevertheless 
 they had expended the large sum of nearly £14,000 
 with no other supervision but that of an " overseer," and 
 the public had little or no confidence in them. At the 
 first meeting of the Council, the Mayor addressed the 
 members who had just been sworn in as to their future 
 prospects. He informed them that the debt due to the 
 Bank had been entirely covered, and that there was a 
 credit balance oi between £300 and £400. He urged 
 upon the Council the necessity of appointing a City 
 Surveyor, of improving the river banks, and of under- 
 taking many other works of necessity which had been 
 postponed, or which were urgent. The Mayor's allow- 
 ance was fixed at £200, and the Council, after appoiiiting 
 committees, proceeded to confirm the assessment made by 
 their predecessors for 1861-2. It amounted to £148,651, 
 showing another decrease in the rateable value of 
 property as compared with that of the previous )'^ear. 
 The revenue for 1861 had been £21,872 lis. 3d., of 
 which £7,816 18s. 7d. was derived from rates, £7,697 
 from the Government, and the balance from the various 
 fees levied under the ordinary different heads of service. 
 The expenditure had been on roads and streets £13,266 
 7s. lid., and on salaries and office expenses £2,259 
 8s. 5d., being more than in the preceding year, although 
 there was no City Surveyor. The public baths which
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 177 
 
 had been erected on the City Bridge-road were opened 
 to the public towards the close of the year, the Govern- 
 ment supplying the water from the waterworks free of 
 charge. These premises were erected at a cost of 
 £2,730, and have proved an inestimable boon. In 1867 
 tenders were accepted for the erection of Turkish and 
 vapor baths, from designs by Mr. James Macgeorge, 
 costing £938, of which £310 was raised by private 
 subscriptions and paid to the Corporation. 
 
 Prior to the arrival of the expected new Governor in 
 the colony, the Corporation resolved to present an 
 address to His Excellency Sir Richard Graves Mac- 
 Donnell, who had administered the Government of South 
 Australia for seven years — a longer term of office than 
 had been enjoyed by any of the officers who had hitherto 
 administered the Government. They waited upon His 
 Excellency at Government House on the 3rd March. 
 The Mayor, Mr. Glandfield, before presenting the 
 address expressed the great regret felt by himself and 
 the whole of the Members of the City (.'ouncil at His 
 Excellency's departure, and bore willing testimony to the 
 care and ability with which he had filled his high position, 
 and to the general prosperity which the colony had 
 enjoyed under his rule. The address, which was read 
 by the Town Clerk, was as follows : — 
 " To His Excellency Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, 
 Knight, Companion of the Most Honorable Order of 
 the Bath, Captain -General and Governor-in-Chief of 
 the Province of South Australia, &c., &c., &c. 
 " We, the Mayor and Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide, desire to express the regret which we feel that 
 
 M
 
 178 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 the time for your Excellency to leave the Government of 
 this colony has arrived — a Government which from the 
 beginning has been marked by sound judgment and 
 discretion, and has realised all the expectations enter- 
 tained by the Council of the Corporation, as stated in the 
 address presented on your Excellency's arrival in the 
 province. 
 
 " The part which your Excellency has at all times 
 taken in advancing the best interests of the colony, and 
 the readiness displayed in identifying yourself with all 
 classes of the community, have won the esteem, of the 
 citizens and the colonists generally, ^.nd will, we doubt 
 not, be long remembered. Nor must it be forgotten that 
 during your Excellency's tenure of office responsible 
 government has been inaugurated, the mode of dealing 
 with real property simplified, and the municipal govern- 
 ment of the City altered in many important particulars. 
 
 " In expressing regret at your Excellency's departure, 
 we may state that the like feeling is experienced as 
 regards Lady MacDonnell, to whom we hope your 
 Excellency will convey the assurance of our esteem. We 
 trust, also, that many happy years ma}' yet await you 
 both wherever Providence may place you. 
 
 " Signed on behalf of the Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide, this 3rd day of March, one thousand eight 
 hundred and sixty-two. 
 
 "E. B. W. Glanfield, Mayor. 
 " W. A. Hughes, Town Clerk." 
 
 His Excellency replied: — " Mr. Mayor and Gentle- 
 men, Members of the Corporation of the City of Adelaide
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 179 
 
 — I thank you very sincerely for the kind expression of 
 feeling which you have addressed to myself and Lady 
 MacDonnell. I am aware that in addressing you I see 
 before me a Corporation somewhat altered in its consti- 
 tution by a recent enactment, and therefore not altogether 
 identical with the body which so kindly welcomed me to 
 Adelaide. Although the alteration has been, as I doubt 
 not, an improvement, and the Corporation may in future 
 be more devoted to business than to discursive discussion, 
 I cannot, having lived nearly seven years among you, 
 avoid bearing my cordial testimony to the great amoimt 
 of good performed by your predecessors. I am happy, 
 nevertheless, to consider that the Legislature has made 
 an improvement where improvement was possible; and 
 the citizens may justly repose that confidence in you 
 which I have always found might on the whole have 
 been safely reposed in the former Corporation, Consi- 
 dering the limited amount that has been placed at the 
 disposal of the Corporation of Adelaide, I must repeat 
 that they have done a very great amount of good ; and 
 wherever I go I hope I shall never see the affairs of a 
 Corporation worse managed than those of Adelaide. T 
 am also glad to see at the head of this Corporation a 
 gentleman able and willing to devote so much of his 
 time to the service of the citizens ; and I have to thank 
 him and you, gentlemen, on my own part and on the part 
 of Lady MacDonnell, for your good wishes on our behalf" 
 
 His Excellency shook hands with the Members of the 
 Council present, and took his final leave of tliein.
 
 180 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 On the following day the Mayor, Town Clerk, and 
 members of the Council waited upon Sir Dominic Daly, 
 the newly-arrived Governor, to present him with an 
 address of welcome on his arrival. The Mayor was 
 introduced by the Private Secretary, Capt. Brinkley, and 
 the following address was read by the Town Clerk: — 
 " To His Excellency Sir Dominic Daly, Knight, Captain- 
 General, Go vernor-in- Chief of the Province of South 
 Australia, and Vice-Admiral of the same, &c. &c. 
 " We, the Mayor and Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide, cordially welcome your Excellency to the 
 shores of South Australia as the representative of our 
 Most Gracious Queen, and have much pleasure in 
 assuring your Excellency that loyalty to the throne and 
 attachment to the honored institutions of our country 
 have ever characterised the citizens and other inhabitants 
 of this province. 
 
 " Your Excellency has arrived amongst us at a 
 period in our history in which the great mineral and 
 other resources of the colony are being extensively 
 developed, and we entertain the hope that your Excel- 
 lency's tenure of office will be marked by increased 
 prosperity. 
 
 " Allow us also to welcome Lady Daly, and express 
 our earnest desire that during her residence here she 
 may, with yourself and the other members of your 
 Excellency's domestic circle, largely share in the 
 blessings of health and happiness.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. ] 8l 
 
 '' Signed on behalf of the Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide this fourth day of March, one thousand eight 
 hundred and sixty-two. 
 
 " E. B. W. Glaot)field, Mayor. 
 " W. A. Hughes, Town Clerk." 
 
 His Excellency replied in the following terras — Mr. 
 Mayor and Gentlemen of the Corporation of Adelaide — 
 I beg to thank you very sincerely for the cordial and 
 loyal welcome you have given me. That I have arrived 
 in a colony of much prosperty and with advantages 
 scarcely equalled in any of Her Majesty's possessions is 
 a source of great gratification to myself, and I assure 
 you it shall be my anxious endeavor to see that those 
 resources are properly developed. For the welcome 
 you have been pleased to accord to Lady Daly and my 
 family 1 have to express on their behalf my best thanks. 
 They came here, like myself, prepossessed in favor of the 
 colony, and everything they have since heard and seen 
 has tended to increase that feeling. That our social 
 intercourse and residence here may be such as will be 
 gratifying to all parties concerned is our sincere wish. 
 
 His Worship the Mayor again addressed Sir Dominic: 
 — Your Excellency — The Corporation of Adelaide were 
 very desirous, when they heard of the death of the 
 Prince Consort, of showing their sympathy for Her 
 Majesty the Queen, and at once prepared an address, a 
 copy of which I now hold in my hand. I may state that in 
 no part of the British dominions is the loss Her Majesty 
 and the nation have sustained, more sincerely felt or 
 more heartily sympathized with. Being very desirous
 
 182 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 that the address should be forwarded as soon as possible, 
 we took the earliest opportunity of presenting it. I may 
 add that it has been prepared in a very short time ; but 
 I believe it embodies, notwithstanding, the genuine 
 feelings and heartfelt sympathies of the colonists of 
 South Australia. The Town Clerk will please to read 
 the address — 
 
 " To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. 
 
 " May it please your Majesty — We, the Mayor and 
 Corporation of the City of Adelaide, in the Province of 
 South Australia, approach your Majesty with our heart- 
 felt expression of condolence on the occasion of the 
 great loss sustained by your Majesty and the nation in 
 general in the death of your late illustrious Consort. 
 
 " We desire to assure your Majesty that we 
 sympathise most sincerely in the affliction which has 
 thus fallen upon you, and upon our native land, where 
 we doubt not the many virtues of the honored deceased 
 will be long remembered. 
 
 " We trust that the Almighty Disposer of events will 
 enable your Majesty to bear with patience the present 
 affliction, and continue to bestow upon your Majesty and 
 the royal offspring every blessing, and that many years 
 may yet be spared to your Majesty to reign over a loyal 
 and affectionate people. 
 
 " Signed on behalf of the Corporation of Adelaide 
 this fourth day of March, one thousand eight himdred 
 and sixty -two. 
 
 " E. B. W. Glandfield, Mayor. 
 " W. A. Hughes, Town Clerk."
 
 eiTY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 183 
 
 His Excellency said he would not fail to transmit the 
 address by the earliest opportunity, accompanying it 
 with an appropriate despatch. 
 
 His Worship then introduced to His Excellency the 
 Town Clerk and the various members of the Corporation 
 present, after which ceremony the deputation withdrew. 
 
 The period which had been brought to a close by the 
 new Act and the new constitution of the Corporation has 
 been treated by the City Council as a distinct portion of 
 its history, complete in itself — at least in a financial point 
 of view. Thus they have published accordingly with 
 their Balance-sheet of 1861, a statement of the general 
 revenue of the City and its expenditure since the 
 Corporation was recalled to existence in 1852. It is 
 summarised as imder : — 
 
 Revenue. 
 
 From City Rates £66,596 3 4 
 
 " Government Grants 66,134 19 4 
 
 " Owners Private Streets 10,828 14 6 
 
 " Miscellaneous Receipts 44,674 9 11 
 
 Expenditure. 
 Roads and Streets 
 Private Streets 
 Corporation Buildings 
 Salaries — Mayor, Auditors, &c. 
 Balance ... . . 
 
 £188,234 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 £113,902 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 .. 11,963 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 .. 44,081 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 .. 17,998 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 288 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 £188,234 
 
 7 
 
 1
 
 184 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 The population of the City of Adelaide in 1861 was 
 18,303, the average expenditure during the nine years of 
 the corporate existence was £19,814, or at the rate of 
 £1 Is. 8d. per head of the inhabitants per annum, whilst 
 the actual tax levied for the same period was at the rate 
 of about 9s. 7d. per head per annum. This, it will be 
 observed, is the only direct tax the citizens of Adelaide 
 are required to pay. For the water-rate they have an 
 equivalent in value, and for the gas-rate (2d. in the £), 
 there is a proportionate benefit. For the chief City of 
 a province with a revenue of over a million and a-half 
 sterling, this cannot be thought excessive. 
 
 The question of the erection of a Town Hall, which 
 had been continually urged both upon the citizens and 
 the City Coimcil, in this year began to assume a positive 
 shape. The Town Clerk* prepared a scheme for raising 
 the funds necessary to carry out the work. His plan 
 was to raise the sum of £50,000 by debentures, bearing 
 6 per cent, interest, payable half-yearly, and to put aside 
 £500 a year as a sinking fund to be invested in Govern- 
 ment stock, the interest on which should be invested in 
 a similar manner until a sufficient amount accrued to pay 
 the original debt. The stock so created was supposed to 
 offer such security as would induce the investment of 
 trust monies. Savings Bank accumulations, &c. The 
 scheme was accompanied by detailed calculations, and 
 circulated amongst the principal capitalists and financiers 
 in the City. The reception it met with was not favor- 
 able, it was not based upon sound principles, and it did 
 
 * Mr. W. A. Hughes.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 185 
 
 not show that the money invested could produce a 
 sufficient revenue to meet the interest, thus provision for 
 the debt and interest would have to come out of the 
 rates eventually. It was, however, determined that the 
 Town Hall should be built. Under the 181st clause of 
 " The Municipal Corporations Act, 1861," the Council had 
 power to borrow a sum not exceeding £20,000, and to 
 assign the rates to the lender as security for the loan. 
 The mode of assignment was by mortgage, but there 
 were legal difficulties in the way of this power being 
 used. A new Act was necessary to enable the Cor- 
 poration to raise the money required, and a Bill was 
 introduced into Parliament in the following year to effect 
 that purpose. In the meantime the project was not aban- 
 doned. It was determined to call for competitive designs 
 for the erection of the hall, the premiums offered being 
 £50, £20, and £15 for the first, second, and third best 
 designs respectively, the plans in each case were to be 
 considered the property of the Corporation, and the cost 
 was not to exceed £14,000. Seven designs were 
 forwarded, but they were held over until after the 
 election of the new Council. 
 
 Some agitation was made in this year to induce the 
 Government to vest in the hands of the Corporation the 
 control of the Metropolitan Police. Hitherto the whole 
 of the police protection afforded to the City had been 
 supplied without charge. It was now determined by the 
 Government that the City should pay in some way for 
 the protection the citizens received. It was not proposed 
 to levy a police rate, but to reduce the sum of the
 
 186 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Government grant in aid of rates by a sum equal to half 
 the cost of the police in each year. This proposition 
 met with considerable opposition. The Corporation 
 objected to anything in the shape of a new tax, as 
 they considered the reduction of the grant in aid to be, 
 and they petitioned the House of Assembly on the 
 subject. They dwelt upon the fact that they possessed 
 no territorial revenue, that they had no power to levy a 
 police rate to supplement their resources so as to meet 
 the deficiency caused by the Government proposal, that 
 they had no share in the control of the force, none in the 
 publichouse licence fees which were paid in the City, and 
 that their roads were cut up by goods coming from the 
 country to be forwarded away by railway to the Port, 
 and that consequently the City suffered more than it 
 benefited by the traffic. This of course could not have 
 been meant to go further than the Corporation revenue 
 was concerned. The arguments did not prevail, and 
 £3,000 was deducted by the Government from the 
 customary grant for that year. Since then the deduction 
 from the grant in aid year by year has varied from £,3,000 
 to £5,000. A petition was also presented to the House 
 of Assembly against any interference with the rights of 
 the Corporation in respect to the issue of slaughtering 
 licenses. This was effectual, and such rights as had been 
 conferred on the City Council were not interfered with. 
 
 The elections which took place at the close of the 
 year resulted in the return of Mr. T. English as Mayor, 
 and of Messrs. Goode, Bundey, H. Brice, J. C Verco, 
 O. Rankin, and F. H. Faulding to fill the vacancies in the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 187 
 
 Council caused by the scheme of retirement established 
 by the Act. The income of the year had not been 
 great, or much augmented from miscellaneous sources, 
 and the outlay upon general improvements had been kept 
 within close limits. Only £15,099 was spent upon "public 
 works, but there was an increase in office expenditure 
 and salaries which amounted to £2,396. 
 
 The Town Hall question was taken in hand shortly 
 after the annual elections. On the 30th December, 1862, 
 a meeting of citizens was summoned to meet at 10 a.m. 
 in order to sanction or reject a proposal to borrow money 
 for building the Hall. The resolution submitted to the 
 meeting was — " That it is desirable a Town Hall and 
 Offices should be erected on the Corporation Acre, and 
 for that purpose the Covmcil be empowered to borrow 
 a sum not exceeding £16,000." An amendment against 
 the borrowing of any money for that purpose was made, 
 but it was negatived. The citizens out of doors took 
 very little interest in the question, because only 64 voted 
 for the proposition and 55 for the amendment. The 
 result was not satisfactory, and a poll was demanded. 
 The records of the City Council state " that it was at 
 once proceeded with and closed at 4 p.m." A protest 
 was handed in against the whole proceedings, but it was 
 not entertained. At the close of the poll it appeared 
 that 306 persons voted for the borrowing and 212 against 
 it. The votes, being estimated according to the rated 
 value upon each property, appeared in this way — For the 
 proposition, 1,116 ; against, 809 ; majority, 307 — not a 
 very favorable test of the interest the citizens generally
 
 188 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 took in the matter. A month after this a meeting was 
 held by the Council to consider the designs, and the first 
 prize was awarded to Mr. E. W. Wright,* but he was 
 required to make considerable modifications in his plan 
 before the Council would act upon it. He consented to 
 the amendments of his design and was appointed to 
 superintend the work. It was considered out of doors, 
 that those who had competed with the successful designer, 
 had not been treated fairly. If a licence of amend- 
 ment were allowed, one was entitled to it no less than 
 the other ; and further, that the modifications of the 
 design having been enforced in the ground plan, elevation, 
 hall story, and side and end elevations, had so altered 
 the original design as to make it for all purposes a 
 new one. There was substantial justice in these 
 objections, but Mr. Wright kept possession of the field 
 under his understanding with the Corporation and so 
 the Town Hall was commenced. Tenders were soon 
 invited for the first instalment of the loan required to 
 build it. Two ofiFers were received, one from Mr. 
 Christopher Reilly at IJo per cent, premium, and one 
 from Colton & Co. at 1 per cent, discount. Mr. Reilly's 
 offer was accepted, and the Mayor and Town Clerk were 
 authorised to affix the seal of the Corporation to the 
 mortgage securities to cover the loan. Messrs. Colton 
 and Co.'s offer appeared to drop through, whether it was 
 because a member of the firm was a Councillor, or 
 because the discount was objectionable, is not stated. 
 
 * The second and third prizes were adjudged to Messrs. Abbott & Son and 
 Mr. R. G. Thomas.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 189 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 The most noteworthy event which took place in 
 Adelaide in 1863 was the return of Stuart, the explorer, 
 with his party, after having this time crossed the 
 Continent. On the successful issue of the expedition 
 great jealousy was shown by the sister colony of 
 Victoria, and Stuart did not receive from the press of 
 that colony either the praise or the justice which was his 
 due. Anxious to take the lead in everything, as she 
 had done in gold producing, she could pay little regard 
 to events which took place elsewhere in which she did 
 not occupy the foremost position ; and she was so 
 absorbed in the progress and in the fate of Richard 
 O'Hara Burke that the claims of the greater explorer 
 met no consideration at her hands. The splendid array 
 of heroes who have battled with the wilderness shows no 
 brighter name than that of Stuart, and his steady 
 courage and perseverance have never yet been excelled. 
 The period of excitement which came upon both 
 Victoria and Adelaide whilst the fate of Burke and 
 Stuart was alike unknown or doubtful has passed away,
 
 190 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 and after days can render that justice to the fame of 
 each which at the moment partizanship- or prejudice 
 denied. The exploits of Burke and Wills are com- 
 memorated by a public monument in the great city of 
 Melbourne ; Stuart's fame dwells only in the pages of 
 the historian, for not even a marble slab has been erected 
 in South Australia to perpetuate the name of one of her 
 most adventurous sons. It was felt by a few of the 
 citizens, however, that the portrait of Mr. Stuart should 
 be obtained. Funds for this purpose were soon forth- 
 coming, and a full-length portrait in oil, presented to 
 the City by the subscribers, now adorns the wall of the 
 Council Chamber. 
 
 The party which he commanded left the City of 
 Adelaide on the 26th October, 1861. It reached the 
 Indian Ocean on the 25th July, 1862, and returned to 
 Adelaide on the 21st January, 1863. The enthusiasm 
 was so general and the public recognition of his splendid 
 achievement so marked that it is best to give the details 
 of the demonstration in full. It was the largest — certainly 
 the most hearty — which had ever been seen in the city. 
 The following is from the S. A. Advertiser of the 22nd 
 January, 1863 : — 
 
 "Wednesday, January 21st, 1863, will be one of the 
 memorable days of South Australia. On that day the 
 explorer, John McDouall Stuart, accompanied by his 
 gallant band of fellow travellers, made his formal entry 
 into the City of Adelaide, after having crossed the conti- 
 nent from the southern to the northern shore. Stuart had 
 arrived in town some time previously, with one or two
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 191 
 
 of bis companions — but tbe formal entry of tlie wbole 
 party — as sucb — was arranged to take place on Wed- 
 nesday, and tlie citizens determined to give tbem a true 
 Soutb Australian welcome bome. Tbe feat accomplisbed 
 by tbese brave men is unparalleled ; many bave 
 attempted it, but none — except Stuart and bis party — 
 bave acbieved it. Burke nearly effected tbe object, 
 tbougb not quite ; but Stuart succeeded completely. 
 It is not, bowever, merely tbe fact tbat Stuart bas 
 crossed from sbore to sbore, wbicb entitles bim to be 
 placed amongst tbe beroes of discovery ; — of still greater 
 significance is tbe fact tbat be, and be alone, wrested 
 from tbe interior its long bidden secret. Wbat was tbe 
 map of Australia in our scbool-days? wbat was it ten 
 years ago ? It was a vast blank, baving no line traced 
 upon it, no mark, even conjectural, by wbicb an opinion 
 migbt be formed of tbe nature of tbe vast interior. Tbe 
 coast was dotted witb settlements, and its principal 
 features were mapped down, but it. was a mere fringe of 
 description marking tbe edges of a vast desolation, as 
 sea-weed marks tbe margin of tbe ocean. Tbe interior 
 of Australia was unknown. Many were tbe specu- 
 lations as to its possible nature. Was it a region of 
 burning mountains, a desert of sbifting sands, an un- 
 approacbable expanse of rocks and cbasms ? Was it a 
 sea, or a lake, or a forest, or a fruitful country ? Was it 
 a region of eternal solitude; was it tbe domain of wild 
 beast ; was it tbe bome of savage tribes ? Did tbe rains 
 of beaven fall upon it, or was it doomed to eternal 
 steribty and diougbt ? Wbo could answer tbese
 
 192 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 questions ? No one : but Stuart said he would go and 
 see, and lie went and returned to tell us. 
 
 "It is this feature in the travels of Mr, Stuart which 
 especially distinguishes him from and raises him above 
 all other explorers. It is not that he has performed a 
 long and toilsome journey ; this, though worthy of all 
 commendation, is but the smallest portion of what he has 
 done. He went boldly forth into the interior not knowing 
 but it was certain death to go there. Like the patriarch 
 of old he 'went forth not knowing whither he went.' 
 The travels of previous explorers only cast gloom and 
 darkness on his path. Sturt, though a hero in the bush, 
 turned back with dismay from that fearful Stony Desert 
 which confronted him. Nothing that had previously 
 been done gave the slightest encouragement to Stuart ; 
 there was no ray of light to invite him onward. Burke, 
 Howitt, McKinlay, and other gallant explorers had the 
 vast advantage of Stuart's successful advance into the 
 interior. Stuart had not then actually reached the 
 opposite shore, but he had turned the Stony Desert of 
 Sturt ; he had reached the interior ; he had pushed 
 nearly to the opposite shore ; and he thus pointed out 
 the way to other explorers. Had Stuart never reached 
 Van Dieman's Gulf he would still have been the greatest 
 of explorers, inasmuch as he solved the terrible mystery 
 of the interior, telling all other explorers that he had 
 been there, and that they might go. 
 
 " We rejoice that this heroism was eventually rewarded 
 by the sight of the Indian Ocean. It would have been 
 a matter of deep regret if this hero, after having so often
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 193 
 
 crossed and recrossed the vast mainland of Australia, 
 had been precluded by any physical or other impediment 
 from actually approaching the waters of the opposite sea. 
 But Providence reserved a better fate for Stuart and for 
 his brave companions ; and in the demonstration of 
 Wednesday they could not but plainly see and powerfully 
 feel how hearty and genuine was the public sympathy 
 cherished on their behalf. 
 
 " A Committee, including many Members of Parlia- 
 ment, members of the various Corporations, and other 
 citizens and colonists, had been sitting daily for a week 
 or more in arranging the preliminaries for the demon- 
 stration and for the banquet with which it was to close. 
 With the breaking of day numerous workmen were 
 engaged at various points in arranging the decorations, 
 and an immense number of citizens gave their free 
 services to aid in carrying out the general design. The 
 streets at an early hour presented a truly gay appear- 
 ance. The day was brilliantly clear and fine; the water- 
 carts had effectually laid the dust along all the streets in 
 the line of procession, and there was every promise of a 
 successful demonstration. Coming into town from the 
 Bay-road the first object that caught the eye was the 
 tall and graceful flagstaff on West-terrace floating with 
 bunting of every color — a perfect forest of the gayest 
 flags. King William -street was decorated along its entire 
 length from Victoria-square to Government House. In 
 addition to the numerous flags and colors exhibited at 
 Aldridge's, at the Exchange, at the Blenheim, and various 
 other houses, there were four separate lines of flags
 
 194 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 extendini^ from the houses on the eastern to those on the 
 western side of the street across the whole of the broad 
 carriage and foot ways. These triumphal festoons were 
 extended from the Treasury to the Post- Office, from 
 Thomson's to Marshall & Barnard's, from the Southern 
 Cross to Green's, and from Piatt's to the Beehive Corner. 
 In other parts of the city flags were displayed ; the 
 tower of the Register office was crowded, and Host 
 James (of the Norfolk Arms) threw out an enormous 
 union-jack and some others colors. Gouge's fountain 
 supported four handsome flags. At some of the drapers' 
 tartan plaids were displayed in honor of the gallant 
 Scotchman, and here and there mottoes were affixed to 
 the houses. In front of the Treasury a substantial 
 platform had been erected on which Stuart was to 
 stand in order to receive the various Corporation 
 addresses, &c. This platform was ornamented with 
 evergreens, and was very tasteful in its appearance. A 
 splendid arch of palms, laurels, and evergreen shrubs, 
 was erected at the entrance to Aldridge's Assembly 
 Rooms, over the door of which the word ' Welcome' was 
 inscribed in variegated colored lamps, illumined in the 
 evening. 
 
 " If the preparations in South Adelaide were attractive 
 certainly those in North Adelaide were not less so. 
 Here, again, from the Huntsman's Hotel and other 
 houses, strings of flags were stretched across the road, 
 and a large number of separate colors were exhibited 
 from housetops and windows. In North Adelaide were 
 some very beautiful inscribed banners ; one in particular
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 195 
 
 (at the Huntsman's) struck us as very appropriate ; it 
 was of large dimensions, and bore the inscription, ' Here 
 the Conquering Heroes come ; Welcome, Welcome 
 Home.' Other forms of 'Welcome' were scattered 
 about pretty freely on both sides of the Torrens, the 
 same enthusiasm prevailing. The City Bridge was 
 likewise crossed with flags, and at each of the four 
 corners of the bridge a policeman was stationed to 
 prevent crushing. Apropos of the police we may 
 mention that they did their best to preserve order, but 
 the good sense of the people rendered the duty of the 
 officers pretty nearly a sinecure, except in front of the 
 Grovernment offices, where the efforts of the constables, 
 both foot and mounted, to force an opening for the 
 different corporations at one moment threatened to result 
 in a disturbance. 
 
 " By about 12 o'clock the leading thoroughfares on the 
 line of route began to assume a crowded appearance, 
 and in another hour the multitudes had greatly increased. 
 As the time approached for the procession to pass along, 
 the concourse of people was really astonishing. ' Where 
 can the people all come from ? ' was the common 
 enquiry. From the Treasury, along King William - 
 street to Government House, thence down the City 
 Bridge-road, and into North Adelaide, as far as the eye 
 could trace, were dense crowds of people — men, women, 
 and children — together with hundreds of vehicles of 
 every description and clouds of horsemen and horse- 
 women. The windows of the principal houses on the 
 line of procession were chiefly occupied by the female
 
 X9,6 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 members of the various gentlemeen who formed the 
 procession ; balconies were crowded, and even the roofs 
 of the houses were well sprinkled with ambitious 
 spectators anxious to get a 'birds-eye view' of the 
 whole demonstration. 
 
 " Pursuant to arrangement, the various public bodies, 
 societies, and other persons composing or forming part 
 of the procession proceeded, according to their con- 
 venience, to North Adelaide, where the ceremony of 
 marshalling was performed. It was advertised that the 
 procession would start at 2 o'clock ; and when we state 
 that it actually was in motion within five minutes of the 
 time fixed we feel we need say no more in praise of 
 Colonel Blyth, Lieut.-Colonel Finniss, Major Mayo, 
 Inspectors Hamilton and Peters wald, Mr. Compton, and 
 the other gentlemen specially charged with the manage- 
 ment of this part of the day's proceedings. They did 
 their duty well, and are fairly entitled to the thanks of 
 the whole community. 
 
 " The procession moved on in the following order : — 
 
 Horsemen. 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation of Adelaide. 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation of Kensington and Norwood. 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation of Gawler. 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation of Port Adelaide. 
 
 The Mayor and Corporation of Brighton. 
 Members of the Government and Parliament. 
 
 The Demonstration Committee. 
 
 Stuart and his party (with their pack horses.) 
 
 The Gawler Volunteer Band.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 197 
 
 ' The Manchester Unity Order of Oddfellows, bearing 
 the beautiful district banner recently imported from 
 England, as also the banner of the Loyal Flinders Lodge, 
 and preceded by G.M. Saunders, D.G.M. Sherring, and 
 C.S. Leaver. 
 
 The West Adelaide Rifle Band. 
 
 The Ancient Order of Foresters, bearing the banners 
 of Courts Bushman's Pride, Pride of the Forest, and 
 Perseverance, and headed by D.C.R. Dobie, and D.T. 
 Worsnop. 
 
 The London Order of Oddfellows, carrying the 
 banners of the Apollo and Hercules Lodge, and Higher- 
 combe Lodge, and headed by G.M. Osborne and D.G.M. 
 Wildy. 
 
 The Druids. 
 
 The Rechabites, bearing the insignia of the Order. 
 
 The German Club, headed by Schrader's Band, and 
 bearing numerous banners and devices. 
 Citizens on foot. 
 Carriages. 
 Horsemen. 
 
 " Of course the pace was a walk, but there were one 
 or two stoppages. At the residence of the late Mr. 
 James Chambers, the procession halted, just as Mr. 
 Stuart was in front of the house. This melancholy 
 tribute of respect being paid to the memory of the 
 Father of Australian Exploration, the cavalcade again 
 moved on, and did not halt till it reached the Treasury. 
 On the line of march the assembled crowds again and 
 again pealed forth loud huzzas, which Stuart, riding in
 
 198 CITY or ADELAIDE. 
 
 bush costume in the midst of his fellow-travellers, 
 courteously acknowledged. 
 
 " To manage a cavalcade in motion in a street a mile 
 long is not, however, so difficult as to arrange it in order 
 in a confined and limited space. Could the whole of the 
 procession have been formed into a hollow square with the 
 explorers in the centre the effect would have been much 
 better ; but to say nothing of there being no space in the 
 city large enough for such evolutions, we fear it would 
 have been necessary to have had two or three previous 
 drills by way of rehearsal. Of course, a little crowding 
 and elbowing at the termination of the march was inevit- 
 able, but on the whole there was excellent order kept. 
 The carriages containing members of Parliament, Corpo- 
 rations, members of the Demonstration Committee, &c., 
 were arranged three abreast in front of the Post- Office, 
 and Stuart, with the explorers, then rode up between the 
 carriages and the platform before alluded to. Ascending 
 the platform he was conducted — accompanied by Mr. 
 John Chambers and Mr. Finke — down the steps at the 
 rear and through the Treasury offices to the Executive 
 Council Chamber, where he was received by the 
 Governor- in- Chief. There were also present Lady Daly, 
 Miss Daly, Mrs. Col. Blyth, and Mrs. John George Daly, 
 besides the Chief Secretary, the Treasurer, the Attorney- 
 General, the Commissioner of Crown Lands, the Private 
 Secretary, the Hon. J. H. Barrow, and others. Mr. 
 Stuart, approaching his Excellency,^ handed him a copy 
 of his diary and chart, whereupon His Excellency 
 addressed a few words of welcome to the gallant explorer,
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 199 
 
 and remarked that lie should prefer saying what he had 
 to say on the platform, in the presence of the public. 
 The Governor then introduced Mr. Stuart to Lady Daly 
 and the other ladies, by whom he was very kindly 
 received, His Excellency with the ladies and gentlemen 
 present immediately advancing to the platform outside. 
 
 " After the cheering had partially subsided, His 
 Excellency addressed Mr. Stuart as follows: — 'Mr. 
 Stuart — I have preferred meeting you upon this plat- 
 form, because I have desired in the most public manner 
 possible to express to you the admiration I feel for the 
 great qualities you have displayed, the inestimable ser- 
 vices you have rendered, and the hardy character that 
 has shone forth in you in your late most glorious 
 achievement. You had undertaken tlie most difficult 
 and the hitherto deemed impossible task of crossing this 
 continent, and you have accomplished it with a success 
 that sheds honor upon you, and glory on the country 
 you have served. I do not in any way wish to dis- 
 parage the glorious efforts of others who have gone 
 ])efore you, but who have unhappily sunk under the 
 hardships of the gigantic undertaking they endeavored 
 to accomplish, but which you have successfully en- 
 countered. It seemed that l)y a direct ordination of 
 Divine Providence, the fates of the gallant Burke and 
 your own have so varied. On this very day the colony 
 of Victoria are mourning over those daring men who 
 have gone before you and fallen in the attempt, men who 
 went forth upon the same task as you. They were now 
 assembled to do honor to Mr. Stuart as the first and
 
 200 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 foremost and most successful of Australian explorers. 
 (Tremendous cheers from the whole multitude). As he 
 (Mr. Stuart) had now six times crossed the continent, 
 he had made practicability of the route for the future a 
 matter of course, and he (His Excellency) hoped that 
 immediate benefit would result to this colony from his 
 discoveries. He did not think, from the number of 
 persons assembled and the heat of the sun, that it would 
 be advisable for him to advert in detail to the hardships 
 and trials which were recorded in his journal ; and 
 therefore he would not do more than express the grati- 
 tude which he knew they all felt to Divine Providence 
 that he (Mr. Stuart) had been preserved to receive the 
 honors which had been prepared for him that day, and 
 he hoped that by the same Divine protection the life in 
 which the colony took such an interest would be long 
 preserved to them. (Loud cheers from the whole 
 concourse of people). His Excellency, in allusion to 
 the cheers of the populace, said he thought he under- 
 stood those cheers. He knew that he should not take 
 them to himself, because he knew it was the glorious 
 occasion in which they were all interested that drew 
 forth those cheers, and it was that feeling which had 
 produced them, and, therefore, he did not like those 
 cheers as a tribute to himself ; but in so far as he was 
 associated, as he always would be found in a matter 
 which so deeply interested the people, they were given 
 chiefly to the hero of explorers — (loud cheers) — and it 
 was only to him that they wished to pay honor where 
 honor was due. His Excellency then proposed three
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 20l 
 
 cheers for Mr. Stuart, directing tlie people to follow him 
 in thie real hearty English fashion.' His Excellency 
 then led off with the ' Hip,' and was followed with a 
 tremendous round of applause." 
 
 " Mr. Stuart replied in brief, but appropriate terms, 
 being rapturously applauded at almost every sentence. 
 
 " Mr. Stuart was again greeted with loud cheers. 
 The Mayor and Corporation of Adelaide ascended the 
 platform to present an address. 
 
 " His Worship the Mayor in addressing Mr. Stuart 
 then said that he and the Corporation had come on behalf 
 of the citizens of Adelaide to congratulate him upon his 
 safe return. The Corporation of the City being im- 
 pressed with a conviction of his services, and by which 
 he had conferred such great benefit upon the colony, 
 they had prepared an address for the skill, bravery, and 
 perseverance he had displayed in carrying out the under- 
 taking, and they felt that in thus honoring him and his 
 gallant party they were but honoring themselves, and 
 therefore he had great pleasure in presenting the address 
 on such a joyous occasion, and hoped it would remain as 
 a memento of that hopeful day. 
 
 " The Town Clerk then read the address as follows: — 
 '"To John McDouall Stuart, Esq., commander of the 
 
 party which has so successfully explored the great 
 
 interior of Australia between the City of Adelaide 
 
 and the Indian Ocean: — 
 
 " ' We, the Mayor and Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide, in the province of South Australia, desire to 
 express the great gratification felt by the Coimcil and the
 
 202 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 citizens at the success which, under Divine Providence, 
 has attended your efforts to open up the interior of this 
 great continent, and thus to settle the many question^ 
 and speculations which have arisen regarding the hitherto 
 unknown regions of Australia. 
 
 " ' We desire further to express our opinion that science 
 and the general interests of the community are much 
 indebted to you for the completion of this great enter- 
 prise, and trust that the services rendered will be suitably 
 rewarded. 
 
 " ' We have much pleasure to learn that Mr. Kekwick, 
 the second in command, and the several officers and men 
 under you, have performed their various duties efficiently, 
 and in a , manner worthy of the colony to which they 
 belong. 
 
 " ' Wishing you and the whole of your party health 
 and happiness, 
 
 " ' We remain faithfully yours, 
 " ' The Mayor and Corporation of the 
 City oi' Adelaide. 
 " ' Thomas English, Mayor. 
 " ' W. A. Hughes, Town Clerk. 
 " Dated at Adelaide, this 21st day of January, 1863.' 
 The Mayor added that he hoped Mr. Stuart would 
 consider that as the momentous day of his great success. 
 
 " Mr. Stuart expressed his thanks for the sentiments 
 towards him embodied in the address, and also for the 
 kind manner in which the Mayor had presented it, and 
 for which he expressed his warmest thanks, and then 
 presented the Mayor with a copy of the plan of his late 
 route and his journal.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 203 
 
 " Three hearty cheers were given for Mr. Stuart as 
 the Mayor and Corporation retired. 
 
 " The Kensington and Norwood Corporation then 
 ascended the platform, headed by the Mayor and Town 
 Clerk. 
 
 " The Mayor, in addressing Mr. Stuart, said that as 
 they had come to present an address to him from the 
 Corporation of Kensington and Norwood, it would be 
 unbecoming in him to inflict a long speech, and therefore 
 he would simply call upon the Town Clerk to read the 
 address . 
 
 " The Town Clei'k (Mr, Moulden) read the address, 
 as follows : — 
 " ' To John McDouall Stuart, Esq., Leader of the South 
 
 Australian Exploring Expedition to the North- West 
 
 Coast. 
 
 " ' Sir, — We, the Mayor and Councillors of the Town 
 of Kensington and Norwood, feel great pleasure in taking 
 this opportunity of congratulating yourself and your 
 gallant party on your return to Adelaide after your 
 recent expedition across the continent of Australia. 
 
 " 'It is no small matter. Sir, that you have achieved. 
 Whether we consider the length of your route, the 
 unknown character of the country through which you 
 have travelled, or the obstacles you have overcome, we 
 feel alike the greatest admiration for your endurance, 
 your skill, and your perseverance. When to the consi- 
 derations we add that you have opened a pathway 
 through the unknown wilds of Australia, that you have 
 planted your flag on the opposite shores of the Indian
 
 204 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Ocean, and that your labors have been crowned with the 
 amplest measure of success, we cannot but feel that you 
 are justly entitled to the highest honors which it is in 
 our power to bestow. 
 
 " ' Further, while thus acknowledging your merits 
 we also tender a cordial welcome to the members of your 
 party, by whose hearty co-operation your exertions have 
 been so ably supported. It must ever be a matter of 
 pride and satisfaction to them that they have been 
 members of the most successful exploration party which 
 ever started from Adelaide. 
 
 " ' Deeds such as yours and theirs are not topics of a 
 day or generation ; they are matters of history, and events 
 in the history of a country whose position among the 
 civilised nations of the world, is daily growing more 
 conspicuous. And as surely as Australia advances in 
 importance and influence, so surely will honor attach to 
 the names of her South Australian Explorers, among 
 whom none have arisen more successful and worthy than 
 John McDouall Stuart and his brave companions. 
 " ' On behalf of the Council, 
 
 D. Fisher, Mayor.' 
 
 " Mr. Stuart, at the conclusion of the reading of the 
 address, asked to be allowed to return his most grateful 
 thanks. He assured the Corporation from his very 
 heart that he most sincerely appreciated the honor done 
 him by that and the other Corporations which had paid 
 him similar compliments, and begged the Mayor to 
 accept a copy of his map and journal.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 205 
 
 " Three times three followed the presentation of this 
 address. 
 
 " The Port Corporation then advanced, headed by 
 Mr. Edmunds, the Town Clerk, who read the following 
 address : — 
 
 " ' Sir, — We, the Mayor, Councillors, and Burgesses 
 of the Town of Port Adelaide sincerely congratulate 
 you and your brave party on the successful termiuation 
 of your long and hazardous journey, and the accomplish- 
 ment of that magnificent work which has been the day- 
 dream of so many. 
 
 " ' We cannot help expressing our astonishment and 
 gratification that an undertaking which has cost so many 
 lives, and Which has been attempted so often at so much 
 personal hardship and suffering by others, should have 
 been carried out by you and your hardy companions 
 without the loss of a single life — a fact which speaks 
 equally in favor of the leader and the men. 
 
 " ' The name of John McDouall Stuart is already 
 famous as an explorer ; but this, the greatest feat ever 
 accomplished in Australian exploration, the forcing of a 
 passage directly across the continent, will raise it, 
 together with those of the late James Chambers and 
 your companions in travel, to a proud position in the 
 history of this country. 
 
 " ' We highly appreciate the value of your dis- 
 coveries, and believe that they may and will be made of 
 great advantage to this province, and we look forward to 
 the time when your late route will be the great highway 
 between this colonv and India.
 
 206 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 " ' We, therefore, tender you and your gallant com- 
 panions our sincere thanks, and bid you a hearty welcome 
 back to the land of your adoption, assuring you that 
 that land is proud to acknowledge such sons ; and we 
 trust that you may all long be spared by that Power 
 which has guided you through your perils, to enjoy, not 
 only the renown, but some of the substantial benefits 
 also. 
 
 '"Given under the hand of the Mayor and seal of 
 the Corporation of the Town of Port Adelaide, this 
 twenty-first day of January, 1863. 
 
 " ' Edwin Harris, Mayor.' 
 
 "Mr. Stuart returned his sincere thanks for the honor 
 done to him by the Port Corporation, and presented them 
 with a copy of his map and journal. 
 
 " Up to this time there appeared to be great disorder 
 and confusion in the vast multitude assembled, and it 
 was imagined that the several Societies, whose banners 
 were seen far down the street and away from the plat- 
 form, would not be able to advance further, so dense 
 Avas the crowd ; but after some exertion a channel was 
 made through the mass, and then advanced the Inde- 
 pendent Order of Oddfellows, M.U., headed by G.M. 
 Saunders, who presented the following address : — 
 " ' South Australian Independent Order of Oddfellows, 
 Adelaide District, Manchester Unity. 
 '"To John McDouall Stuart, Esq. 
 
 " ' Dear Sir, — We, the District Officers of the South 
 Australian District of Oddfellows, in connection with the 
 Manchester Unity, representing over 5,000 of your
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 207 
 
 fellow-colonists, beg cordially and in the true spirit of 
 Oddfellowsliip to congratulate you upon the successful 
 termination, under Providence, of your late hazardous 
 and perilous journey of exploration through the interior. 
 
 " ' And, Sir, in tendering our thanks to you we must 
 not forget the brave men who formed your party, 
 because they must have had the utmost confidence 
 in your ability and indomitable energy ; and by their 
 supporting you in accordance with that belief have 
 tended so materially to the successful termination of 
 your labors. 
 
 " ' We find, Sir, that as civilisation extends, and 
 wherever a population is formed, there is sure to be 
 found a branch of the Order to which we belong ; and 
 we trust it is not indulging in too great a stretch of 
 imagination to express a hope and belief that the ground 
 you have opened up to this colony, and probably as 
 being the first Christian men who have ever trod, will in 
 the period of the rising generation, not only become 
 populated, but have lodges of their own, who will, as 
 progress is the order of all things, disseminate far and 
 wide the principles and motto of the Unity — Friendship, 
 Love, and Truth. 
 
 " ' We abstain, Sir, from drawing any comparison 
 between one explorer or another, content with the fact 
 that you have fully and satisfactorily completed your 
 alloted task, and that you have restored in safety and 
 health the whole of the party under your charge. 
 
 " ' In conclusion, we, in the name of the Order, wish 
 you and your party health, long life, and happiness, and
 
 208 CITY or ADELAIDE. 
 
 that you may live to see, if not the consummation we 
 have named fully carried out, yet, that before any 
 lengthened period of time elapses, the pioneers of civili- 
 sation will be treading in your footsteps. 
 " ' We are, Sir, yours very truly, 
 
 " ' John Saunders, G.M. 
 "'J. H. Sherring, D.G.M. 
 '"W. Leaver, Jun. G.C.S. 
 " ' Adelaide, January 21, 1863.' 
 
 " As the brass band accompanying this society struck 
 up as soon as it halted, we were not able to hear a single 
 word spoken by Mr. Stuart in reply, but that gentleman, 
 after acknowledging the compliment, presented Mr. 
 Saunders and those who accompanied him to the plat- 
 form each with a copy of the map and journal. 
 
 " His Excellency the Governor again appeared on 
 the platform, and called for Mr. Stuart's party, who 
 ascended the platform, when His Excellency addressed a 
 few remarks, telling them that they were there that day 
 to receive the grateful commendations of their fellow- 
 citizens who wished to show their appreciation of the 
 high qualifications they possessed in doing what they 
 had done, and which proved that they were the right 
 men in the right place. 
 
 " Three times three were given, and one cheer more 
 at the suggestion of His Excellency. 
 
 " The Ancient Independent Order of Foresters then 
 advanced, when the officers ascended the platform, and 
 D.M. Worsnop delivered an address and presented a 
 crown of laurel, after the manner of the ancient Romans
 
 CITY Of ADELAIDE. 1209 
 
 ill honoring their heroes, and which Mr. Stuart wore 
 throughout the remainder of the ceremonies. The 
 following is the address : — 
 
 " ' Mr. Stuart and Gentlemen — We, the executive 
 officers of the Adelaide District of the Ancient Order 
 of Foresters desire to welcome you back to the habita- 
 tions of civilised life, and also to express to you the high 
 estimation in which you are held by us. In ancient 
 days nations and peoples desired to give honor to their 
 victors in battle — in whose footsteps blood, devastation, 
 and misery followed — by a crown of laurels. You have 
 conquered difficulties and dangers in your explorations 
 which many before have tried to overcome, but have 
 failed ; and in your tracks will follow wealth and 
 prosperity to the people of South Australia. We 
 therefore desire your acceptance of this crown of 
 laurels, inasmuch as it is a fitting emblem of Victory — 
 especially such a victory as yours, where good, not evil, 
 will follow, and as it will serve to show in how much 
 freshness your deeds will ever live in our memories. 
 On behalf of the Ancient Order of Foresters, I exprese; 
 to you these spontaneous feelings of our hearts, and 
 thus crown you victor, whose deeds even an Alexander 
 might weep to emulate. May you long live to hear of 
 those deeds, and may their sound be ever cheering to 
 your heart, inciting you to still further efforts for the 
 
 good of your fellow men.' 
 
 o
 
 210 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 " Mr. Stuart, in a few words, expressed his thanks, 
 and presented the Society with a copy of his map and 
 journal. 
 
 " Three times three was given with the Foresters' 
 fire. 
 
 " The next in order were the Rechabites, headed by 
 P.D.C.R. Darton, who presented the following address: — 
 " * To John McDouall Stuart, Esq., 
 
 " ' Sir, — The officers and members of the Independent 
 Order of Rechabites in South Australia beg to offer you 
 their hearty congratulations on the successful termination 
 of your recent exploring expidition across the interior, 
 and to the northern shore of the great Australian 
 continent. 
 
 " ' The advantages which will be derived from this 
 achievement in geographical research can as yet scarcely 
 be estimated ; but doubtless fresh sources will be opened 
 up for the promotion of the industry and wealth of the 
 Australian people, and consequently add materially to 
 the greatness of the British Empire, of which we have 
 the honor to form a part. 
 
 " ' Our earnest desire is that you. Sir, and each of 
 your heroic and gallant followers, may long live to enjoy 
 the honors to which your untiring zeal and patient 
 endurance so justly entitle you ; that by temperance and 
 religion your future days may be bright, prosperous, and 
 peaceful ; and that your names may honorably stand for 
 ages to come on the lecords of Australian history, to tell 
 of the triumph "which, under the blessing of an over-
 
 CITY or ADELAIDE. 211 
 
 ruling and all- wise Providence, you have now accom- 
 plished. 
 
 " ' We are, Sir, 
 
 " ' On behalf of the S.A. District of I.O.R., 
 " ' Yours very truly, 
 
 " ' James Broad, D.C.K. 
 " ' George W. Cole, P.D.C.R. 
 " ' Charles R. Darton, P.D.C.R. 
 •' • Ephraim Gould, D.D.E. 
 •• • William Holland, D.T. 
 " ' Edward Alcock, D.S.' 
 
 '• Mr. Stuart returned thanks, and presented the 
 Officers with a copy of his map and journal. 
 
 " The Ancient Independent Order of Oddfellows 
 came next, headed by G.M. Osborn, who presented 
 their address. 
 
 " Mr. Stuart returned thanks, and presented the 
 Officers with a copy of his map and journal. 
 
 " The last Society which presented itself was the 
 German Club, headed by Mr. Benda, who said that 
 although they were the last in the procession, they 
 felt as warmly and as enthusiastically as their fellow 
 English colonists, and were as anxious to do Mr. Stuart 
 honor. He said he regretted that he had not had notice 
 of the proceedings, (otherwise a proper address would 
 have been prepared; but he hoped Mr. Stuart would 
 allow them to express their happiness that he had been 
 successful in his great undertaking
 
 212 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 " Mr. Stuart said he appreciated very much the 
 compliment, as he always had a high esteem for his fellow 
 German colonists. Mr Stuart also presented Mr. Benda 
 with a copy of his map and journal. 
 
 " This part of the proceedings was terminated by 
 three cheers for Mr. Finke, who advanced in front of the 
 platform and acknowledged the compliment." 
 
 The demonstration was concluded by a banquet, over 
 which His Excellency Sir Dominic Daly, the Governor, 
 presided. His Excellency was supported by the Chief 
 Justice, the Ministry, the Mayor and Councillors of 
 Adelaide, and representatives from all the other cor- 
 porate towns in the colony, most of the members of the 
 Legislature, and a large concourse of merchants, pro- 
 fessional gentlemen, and other influential colonists. The 
 Governor proposed the healths of Mr. Stuart and his 
 gallant party. The demonstration was most successful, 
 and the assemblage along the line of the procession and 
 in front of the Government Offices was the largest that 
 had been seen in South Australia. 
 
 In the early portion of the year a correspondence. 
 not of the most cordial character took place between the 
 Corporation and the Government relating to the closing 
 of the road over the railway at Morphett- street. The Citr 
 Council were not extravagant in their requirements, 
 offering to be content with the use of a roadway 40 feet 
 wide, instead of the full width of the original street.* 
 The railway authorities, however, made no concession 
 
 * Morphett-street is 99 feet wide.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 213 
 
 until it was forced from them the following year. The 
 closing of the road had produced very serious public 
 inconvenience. The accommodation bridge which had 
 been put up was very little suited to the traffic. Late 
 experience has shown plainly that there was no real 
 necessity for closing the road. 
 
 The results of the polling on the subject of the 
 borrowing scheme for the erection of the Town Hall had 
 not been of a very decisive character; it was determined, 
 however, not to lose any time in acting upon the decision 
 which had been arrived at. Arrangements were made 
 for laying the fomidation- stone on St. George's Day (the 
 23rd April), and His Excellency the Governor was 
 invited to perform the ceremony. The proceedings of 
 the Council were not everywhere approved of, and a some- 
 what animated discussion took place in the public prints 
 on the prospects there were that a revenue would be 
 derived from the Town Hall buildings when complete 
 sufficient to pay the interest on the sum borrowed for 
 erecting them. It was too late to agitate the question, 
 for the Corporation had borrowed some of the money, 
 and had committed themselves both with the architect 
 and the contractors. The needful arrangements could 
 not be made in time to lay the foundation-stone on the 
 date which had been fixed upon, and the ceremony was 
 postponed until the 4th of May. At 3 in the afternoon 
 of that day His Excellency and suite arrived, and were 
 received by the Mayor, Mr. Thomas English, who
 
 214 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 introduced him to the Architect, Mr. E. W. Wright, and 
 addressed His Excellency as follows: — 
 
 " We are assembled for the purpose of assisting at 
 and witnessing the laying of the foundation of the Town 
 Hall — one of the most important edifices likely to be 
 erected in this the metropolis of the province for many 
 generations to come. The citizens and the Corporation 
 have long felt the necessity for a suitable Town Hall, 
 and after careful deliberation, and with the consent of a 
 large majority of the citizens, the Corporation resolved 
 to erect the building of which His Excellency was 
 about to lay the foundation-stone. The Corporation, in 
 selecting plans for the new building, considered it their 
 duty, not only to provide for present wants, but also 
 to anticipate fliture requirements, and so far as they are 
 able to judge, the proposed building will meet the require- 
 ments of the city for centuries to come. They, there- 
 fore, resolved to erect the building of the most durable 
 materials that could be obtained at a reasonable expense. 
 He hoped that His Excellency and all present would live 
 to see the building completed, which would certainly add 
 greatly to the beauty of the City, and would long stand 
 as an honorable testimony to the taste and spirit of the 
 present generation, who conceived the design and carried 
 out to its completion such a creditable building. He 
 had the honor to present His Excellency with a silver 
 trowel manufactured expressly for that occasion. Upon 
 its face was an engraving of the front elevation of the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 215 
 
 Town Hall, and on its reverse was the following 
 inscription : — 
 
 " Presented to His Excellency 
 
 Sir Dominic Daly, 
 
 Knight, Captain- General and Governor-in-Chief of the 
 
 Province of South Australia, 
 
 By the Mayor and Corporation of the City of Adelaide. 
 
 On the occasion of Laying the Foundation-stone 
 
 of the 
 Town Hall. 
 Dated at Adelaide this 4th May, 1863. 
 Thomas English, Mayor. 
 Councillors — 
 F. H. Faulding S. Goode 
 
 A. J. Baker A. S. Clark 
 
 O. Rankin R. G. Bo wen 
 
 H. Brice W. Bundey 
 
 W. A. Hughes, Town Clerk. 
 He hoped His Excellency would accept and preserve that 
 trowel as a memento of that occasion. 
 " His Excellency accepted the trowel. 
 " His Worship continued — Here is a bottle to be placed 
 under the foundation-stone. It contains the newspapers 
 of the day and coins of the realm, with an inscription on 
 parchment, which the Town Clerk will read. 
 
 " Mr. W. A. Hughes then read a copy of the 
 inscription on the parchment: — 
 
 " ' City of Adelaide, South Australia. 
 " ' The foundation-stone of the Town Hall was laid 
 on Monday, the 4th May, 1863, in the twenty-sixth year
 
 216 riTY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, by His 
 Excellency Sir Dominick Daly, Knight, Captain- General 
 and Governor-in-chief of the Province of South Australia, 
 assisted by the Right Worshipful the Mayor and City 
 Councillors. 
 
 '' ' The building is estimated to cost £16,000, and 
 will comprise the large hall 108 feet in length, by 68 feet 
 in width, and 43 feet in heighth; Council Chamber 41 by 
 23 feet; Corporation offices, suite of offices suitable for 
 telegraph purposes and for an Exchange. The colonnade 
 will be surmounted by a clock and bell- tower 153 feet in 
 height from base to pinnacle. 
 
 " ' The Council consists of a Mayor and eight 
 Councillors as under: — 
 
 " ' Mayor, Thomas English, Esq. 
 
 " ' Councillors — Hindmarsh Ward, Messrs F. H. 
 Faulding and Samuel Goode; Gawler Ward, A. J. Baker 
 and A. S. Clark; Grey Ward, O. Rankin and R. G. 
 Bowen ; Robe Ward, W. Bimdey and H. Brice. 
 
 " ' Town Clerk, W. A. Hughes. 
 
 " ' City Surveyor, E. A. Schroeder. 
 
 " ' City Auditors, F. Wicksteed and N. Oldham. 
 
 " ' City Solicitors, Messrs. Lawrence and Knox. 
 
 " ' Architect, E. W. Wright. 
 
 " ' Coins deposited under foundation-stone in bottle 
 hermetically sealed: — 
 
 Gold — English sovereign, Sydney half-sovereign. 
 Silver — Crown piece, half-crown, florin, shilling, 
 sixpence, threepence. 
 
 *' ' Copper — One penny, one half-penny. 
 
 U i 
 
 it I
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 217 
 
 " ' Newspapers — Copy of the Register, the Advertiser, 
 and the Telegraph. 
 
 "His Excellency deposited the bottle in a cavity under 
 the foundation-stone. He then with the silver trowel 
 adjusted the mortar, caused the stone to be lowered, struck 
 it several times with a mallet until it was by the spirit level 
 placed properly in its bed. The crush forward to witness 
 this part of the ceremony was very great, and had not 
 tlie barricades been of great strength they must have 
 given way. The foundation-stone is a fine block from 
 the Glen Ewin quarry, the property of Messrs. English 
 and Brown ; it is 2 feet 3 inches square, and must be 
 nearly a ton weight. 
 
 " The Bishop of Adelaide implored a blessing on 
 the proceedings. 
 
 " His Excellency having returned to the platform said: 
 — Mr. Mayor, Messrs. Town Councillors, My Lord Bishop, 
 and Gentlemen — I pronounce that foundation-stone to be 
 duly and properly laid. This is an occasion upon which 
 I must say a few words in reference to the subject which 
 has brought us all together. When I first arrived in 
 this city 12 or 14 months ago I was pleased and surprised 
 at the evidence of advancement and improvement which 
 then existed and which had been effected by a community 
 so young. I confess that I missed one or two improve- 
 ments which I thought ought to have accompanied those 
 which I did witness. I did not, however, expect to see 
 those wants so rapidly supplied as they now appear likely 
 to be. One was a suitable Town Hall, and the other 
 was the illumination of your streets with gas. Those
 
 218 CITY OK ADELAIDH. 
 
 defects — for defects they were — are now happily about 
 to be removed, and I have great pleasure in referring to 
 that fact. (Applause.) I have never publicly alluded to 
 them before, because I was satisfied they were under 
 consideration, and I had, as you all have, the fullest 
 confidence in the energy of the Mayor and Corporation, 
 who were laboring with very small means to improve 
 and beautify the City. (Applause.) The building is 
 destined to be a very great ornament to the city — it will 
 be no less useful than ornamental — and I have no doubt 
 it will be followed by many other improvements, for I 
 feel convinced that the activity and energy which have 
 heretofore distinguished Adelaide will not be wanting in 
 future. Considering the few years Adelaide has been in 
 existence, I consider it has made immense progress. I have 
 alluded to the Gasworks, and I should like very much, 
 Mr. Mayor and gentlemen, to see the lamp-posts in which 
 the gas is to make its appearance. (Hear and applause. ) 
 I think it is time they made their appearance when the 
 Gas Company is advertising to be supplied with coal. 
 In the same spirit of candor which I shall ever use in 
 referring to public matters, I make those remarks, and I 
 hope you will receive them in the same kindly spirit in 
 which they are given. This is an occasion which will 
 not soon be forgotten; certainly not by me or by my 
 family, for I hold in my hand a beautiful testimonial of the 
 liberality of the Corporation, which will serve to remind 
 me in after years of this city, and make me take an interest 
 in its progress. With my children and my children's 
 children it will remain a valued testimony of your kind
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 219 
 
 feeling, and a remembrance of a country in which we 
 shall always take a deep interest. (Applause.) I shall 
 prize this trowel all the more from the fact that it is the 
 work exclusively of Adelaide artisans. (Applause.) I 
 shall not detain you longer than to wish this work may 
 progress iminterruptedly — and I think I may say it will — 
 for if there is anything which distinguishes the Adelaide 
 Corporation, it is the absence of all internal discord — an 
 evil that often mars the progress of great civic and other 
 undertakings. I perceive with pleasure that the choice 
 made by the citizens of a Mayor and Town Councillors 
 has been most judicious. (Applause.) The Mayor 
 distinguished in his private affairs for energy and 
 integrity — the characteristic everywhere of a good 
 citizen — proves that in his case the citizen's choice was 
 a wise one — and its wisdom was proved by his unanimous 
 re-election. The same sagacity marked the selection of 
 the other members of the City Council ; and under their 
 management I not only hope, but I venture to predict 
 the interest of the city will be well watched, and its 
 prosperity promoted. (Applause.) 
 
 " The Hon J. Morphett here stepped forward, and 
 handed to His Worship the Mayor the land grant of the 
 Corporation Acre, signed by Governor George Gawler, 
 and dated 27th March, 1841.* This document, he said, 
 had always been in his possession, as he was a member 
 of the first Corporation and City Treasurer. 
 
 " The day was exceedingly fine, and there was an 
 immense assemblage of people; those who could not 
 
 *See Land Grant referred to in page 25.
 
 220 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 hear the proceedings were nevertheless well amused by 
 the band of the City Rifles, which played several airs, 
 including ' God Save the Queen,' ' The Song of Aus- 
 tralia,' ' The Red, White, and Blue,' and ' Good- 
 bye, Sweetheart, Good-bye.' The trowel that has 
 been referred to more than once is of the purest 
 silver, with a handle of polished sheoak. The face 
 contains a good representation of the front elevation of 
 the Town Hall, and also bears the architect's name, 
 Mr. E. W. Wright. The handle is mounted with an 
 imperial crown in silver with a red velvet background. 
 The implement is the manufacture of Mr. Firnhaber." 
 
 In the evening there was a banquet, over which the 
 Mayor presided. It was largely attended, and the whole 
 proceedings passed off with success. These demon- 
 strations, however, did not satisfy a large section of the 
 citizens. A memorial protesting against the erection of 
 the hall was presented to the Mayor and Corporation 
 within a week of the laying of the first stone. It was 
 signed by more than 400 citizens, and it raised almost 
 every conceivable objection to the project. It was too 
 expensive ; £5,000 would be sufiicient, if a Town Hall 
 was wanted at all ; and by including offices in the plan, 
 an improper competition would be raised by the Cor- 
 poration against the enterprise of private parties; further 
 the citizens had been taken by surprise in the polling ; 
 and that it would never realise the estimated revenue. 
 These anticipations have not been justified. The Town 
 Hall is an ornament to the City, a great public conve- 
 
 *Extracted from the Regtster of May 5th, 1863.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 221 
 
 nience, and, if anything, it is not large enough to meet 
 all the daily increasing wants of the City. 
 
 The year 1863 may be noted for the introduction of 
 Gas into the City for general consumption. Before the 
 South Australian Gas Company was formed, the pro- 
 prietors of the Register newspaper, the owner of the 
 Assembly-rooms (Mr. G. White), and the South Aus- 
 tralian Institute, had special gasworks for the use of 
 their own premises, but the convenience afforded by 
 the better, less expensive, and more abundant supply 
 furnished by the Company soon caused their abandon- 
 ment. Years before, Messrs. A. L. Elder and Co. made 
 a proposal to the City Commissioners to erect gasworks. 
 This was in 1851. The cost was not to exceed £2,645. 
 It was accompanied with detailed estimates and specifi- 
 cations, but it was not entertained. Again in 1852 
 the offer was renewed to the City Council, but resulted 
 in nothing. The experience which has been gained 
 since the S.A. gasworks have been constructed shows 
 that the works proposed to be erected in 1851-2 would 
 have been altogether insufficient to serve the Citv 
 properly, although they were estimated "to be quite 
 sufficient tor the supply of gas to 25,000 or 30,000 
 inhabitants." A second Gas Company (^tlie Provincial) 
 was established not long after the first commenced 
 operations, but the competition which arose between 
 them has led to their amalgamarioi;. 
 
 During this year an attempt was made by Mr. F. B. 
 Coglin and some other gentlemen to re-establish the 
 races in Adelaide on the old racecourse. The Jorkev
 
 222 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Club had removed their place of meeting to Thebarton, 
 because they could not obtain the control over a portion 
 of the Park Lands so as to enable them to make a 
 charge for the admission of persons who wished to see 
 the races. Two meetings were held at Mr. Coglin's 
 instance, but he was was not successful in carrying 
 his views into effect. He succeeded, however, in causing 
 a Bill to be passed through the Parliament empowering 
 the Corporatiofi to lease a portion of the Park Lands to 
 be used as a racecourse, and he expended a considerable 
 sum of money in erecting a proper permanent Grand 
 Stand, and in fencing and enclosing a saddling pad- 
 dock in connection therewith. It is greatly to be 
 regretted that all the efforts which were made by 
 Mr. Coglin and others have not yet succeeded in 
 bringing back the Adelaide races to the East Park 
 Lands They were removed for a time from Thebarton, 
 whither they had been taken, but a new racecourse 
 Company seems for a time to have succeeded in 
 monopolising the control over the Adelaide racing com- 
 munity, and has established a racecourse on the Glenelg 
 Railway, near the Bay. That course, however, possesses 
 the very great drawback of being liable to be flooded in 
 wet weather, and is in other respects unsuited for racing- 
 purposes, so that it is not altogether improbable that at 
 no very distant period the Adelaide races may again be 
 held on the old course, which is acknowledged to be 
 excellently adapted for racing, and is far superior to any 
 course near the City which has yet been tried. 
 
 I
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 223 
 
 CHAPTER XXL 
 
 The question of the waterworks occupied a consider- 
 able share of the attention of the Corporation, and 
 considerable efforts were made to induce the Govern- 
 ment to transfer the establishment to the City authorities. 
 A public meeting of the citizens was held to consider 
 the subject, and Mr. W. D. Claxton was appointed to 
 collect information relative to the cost of the manage- 
 ment of the waterworks, and to report upon the matter, 
 so as to show what reduction could be made in the rates 
 if the works were transferred to the City authorities to 
 manage instead of remaining in the hands of the Govern- 
 ment. The committee which had been nominated to 
 conduct the business made certain recommendations of 
 their own, but these were mainly based on Mr. Claxton's 
 figures, and they recommended that the redemption of 
 the bonds on which the capital was raised should proceed 
 at the rate of £2,000 a-year instead of £10,000, so as to 
 allow of a reduction in the water-rates, and of the 
 working expenses, the former by the sum of £3,650 per 
 annum, and the latter by £750 per annum. The matter 
 had already formed the subject of the deliberations of a
 
 224 CITY OF ADELAIDE, 
 
 Select Committee of the House of Assembly, which sat 
 in 1861. Their recommendation was that the works 
 should be transferred to the citizens when £164,322, 
 with £12,000 additional, had been spent in extending the 
 laying of service pipes. The Government, however, 
 showed no disposition to meet the views expressed by 
 the citizens on the subject. It must be admitted that 
 the agitation to acquire possession of the waterworks 
 was by no means general throughout the City. More- 
 over, an Act had been passed to extend the water supply 
 to Port Adelaide, so that the City now no longer possessed 
 an exclusive interest in the waterworks. It was also in 
 contemplation to arrange for the supply of Norwood 
 and Kensington, and other suburban towns. These 
 reasons induced the Government to retain possession of 
 the works. They have been very widely extended since 
 then, and the revenue that is derived from them now 
 amounts to £31,944 per annum. Although the water- 
 works were never intended as a mercantile speculation, 
 they have proved to be the best investment of public 
 money in public works that has yet been made by the 
 Government. The agitation whicli had been begun 
 almost at the outset of the making of the waterworks, 
 was continued until 1870, when the matter was finally 
 set at rest. In that year the question assumed a new 
 shape. Mr. J. M. Solomon, the Mayor, took a very 
 prominent part in bringing it forward once more, and, at 
 his instigation, Mr. Baker obtained tlie appointment of a 
 Select Committee of the House of Assembly to inquire 
 into the cjuestion of tlie vesting of the waterworks in the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 225 
 
 Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Town of 
 Port Adelaide. The investigation was carried on for 
 about a fortnight, and the final determination, which has 
 been acted on ever since, was that the Corporation of 
 Adelaide had not, as was popularly supposed, any right 
 of purchase of the Adelaide Waterworks, but that they 
 should vest in them as soon as a certain proportion of 
 the cost and the interest upon it had been paid by means 
 of the water rates. The Committee considered that the 
 Corporations of the two towns, and the citizens residing 
 in them, would not suffer any injustice by the uncondi- 
 tional repeal of the clauses in the various waterworks 
 Acts relating to the acquirement of the waterworks by 
 such Corporations. Those clauses have been repealed, 
 and the management appears to have been quietly 
 acquiesced in by all concerned. Having narrated these 
 facts, it will not be necessary to revert again to the 
 subject of water supply. 
 
 The following gentlemen filled the City Council 
 during the year (62-3) : — Mr. T. English being Mayor, 
 and Messrs. S. Goode, W. Buudey, H. Brice, J. C. 
 Verco, O. Rankin, J. Colton, A. J. Baker, and F. H. 
 Faulding, councillors. The revenue for the year was 
 £25,018 2s. 4d., and the expenditure, exclusive of that 
 on the Town Hall, £20,543 6s. Id., of which £15,828 
 2s. lOd. was laid out on public improvements. 
 
 At the usual period in December the elections for 
 the ensuing year (1864) took place. Mr. S. Goode was 
 chosen as Mayor, and Messrs. Bundey and Baker were 
 the only old councillors who retained their seats. The
 
 226 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 new councillors were Messrs. A. S. Clark, F. B. Carlin, 
 R. I. Winter, W. Bowen, W. K. Thomas, and W. C. Buik. 
 The prospects for the year were good. The assessment 
 had considerably increased, being £160,195, or more 
 than £10,000 advance on that of the year just ended. 
 The first important Act of the new Council was to call 
 a special meeting of the ratepayers to obtain power to 
 borrow £4,000 in addition to the £16,000 already raised 
 by way of loan for the completion of the Town Hall. 
 The question was discussed with considerable warmth 
 but the motion for borrowing was afiirmed, and after a 
 poll had been taken the money was raised. In July the 
 new Cattle Market, which had been erected at consider- 
 able cost, was formally opened by the Mayor and 
 councillors, and the visitors were entertained at lunch by 
 His Worship. There was a very large attendance, and 
 the proceedings passed off most agreeably. 
 
 A long correspondence had been carried on between 
 the Corporation and the Government respecting the 
 closing of the road across the railway at the end of 
 Morphett-street. All the efforts made by and on behalf 
 of the Corporation had failed to induce the Railway 
 authorities to open out the road. It was determined, 
 therefore, to obtain by force that which could not be 
 obtained by peaceful negotiation. On the 22nd of 
 October the City Surveyor, assisted by a number of 
 laborers, came to the boundary of the railway line, and 
 removed the fences and other obstructions which had 
 shut the roadway off from the use of the public. The 
 Manager of Railways brought down & strong body of
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 227 
 
 men, turned^away the assailants, and repaired the damage 
 which had been done. The Town Clerk, later in the 
 day, attended to negotiate with the Railway Manager, 
 but he was unsuccessful. Fearing that a riot was not 
 unlikely if matters were allowed to stand as they were, 
 the Commissioner of Police sent several policemen to 
 watch proceedings, and to prevent any breach of the 
 peace if such a thing was attempted. No disturbance 
 took place ; but as the Manager of Railways would 
 neither negotiate nor give way, he was summoned before 
 the Police Magistrate, and fined 40s., for obstructing 
 the road which led from Morphett-street to North 
 Adelaide. The Crown Solicitor, who represented the 
 Manager of Railways in the Court, denied that the 
 Police Magistrate had any jurisdiction in the matter. 
 The Magistrate took a different view of the law of the 
 case, and inflicted the fine. The Government were 
 certainly not to blame for what had taken place. They 
 had built one bridge over the railway to serve as a 
 crossing, and they had introduced a vote to the Parlia- 
 ment for £9,000 for a new bridge or a level crossbag, 
 but the vote was neo;atived. Hence the action of the 
 City Council. The dispute was eventually settled by 
 the construction of a level crossing, furnished with proper 
 gates and turnstiles, and the very unseemly contest 
 between the Government of the Colony and the capital 
 City came to an end. What the development of trade 
 in the City may do in course of time remains to be seen, 
 but up to the present time no inconvenience has been 
 felt from the opening of the road as far as regards the
 
 228 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 railway traffic, and no accident has occurred in conse- 
 quence. 
 
 In November the Council Chamber of the new Town 
 Hall was completed and brought into use by the City 
 Council, It was opened by the Governor on the 2nd of 
 that month, and a lunch was given by the Mayor in 
 celebration of the event. It was attended by all the 
 Ministers, the majority of the members of Parliament, 
 and a number of the leading inhabitants of the City. 
 
 No very great advance in the shape of public im- 
 provements in the City can be recorded for 1864. 
 Considering how largely the revenue had increased, in 
 various ways, more might have been done. However, 
 much was done in the planting of trees and shrubs, many 
 thousands of which were set in plantations around the 
 City and in the park lands, as well as along the banks of 
 the river, which certainly required much to redeem 
 them from the unsightly appearance which their broken 
 banks presented to the eye. The revenue from all sources 
 was £30,433 17s. 6d., of which nearly £7,000 was 
 received from the Town Hall loan. £15,027 4s. 7d., 
 was laid out in public works, and £15,846 18s. 3d. on 
 Town Hall account. The annual elections resulted in 
 the return of Mr. W. Townsend, M.P., as Mayor. Mr. 
 O. Rankin and Mr. Luke Murphy were the only new 
 Councillors, all the others who had retired having been 
 re-elected. The assessment for the year (1864-5) 
 shewed a further increase of £6,186. 
 
 The new Council, almost immediately after being 
 elected, took into serious consideration the desirability
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 229 
 
 of improving the City to a greater extent, and in a more 
 complete way than had yet been projected. Special 
 meetings were held in order to frame the various require- 
 ments of the Council into a connected shape, in order to 
 enable the Government to deal with them. The prin- 
 cipal objects for which the assistance of the Government 
 was required, were, the reduction of the water rates, the 
 drainage of the City, a proper supply of water for 
 flushing the street gutters, the construction of a dam 
 across the river so as to make an artificial lake through 
 the City, a new bridge over the Torrens, and the lighting 
 of the streets with gas. It does not appear that the 
 Councillors who waited upon the Chief Secretary as a 
 deputation, produced any estimates which would enable 
 the Government to judge to what extent their means 
 would allow them to go. It is quite certain, however, 
 that a quarter of a million sterling would not have been 
 sufficient to do what was wanted. The drainage of the 
 City alone would have absorbed quite three-fifths of the 
 amount. The reception accorded to the proposals of 
 the Corporation was generally favorable, although the 
 extent to which the representative of the Government 
 actually pledged himself was not very great. The 
 Government had no objection to concede all the minor 
 requests. As for the drainage proposal, they would 
 guarantee a loan to be secured on the City rates, and 
 they would give prison-labor and materials free for the 
 erection of the dam. The control of the waterworks 
 was refused ; but if the citizens chose to tax themselves 
 for the other improv ements they should receive assistance
 
 230 CITT OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 On the request to have the City lighted with gas, that 
 was a matter entirely for the inhabitants themselves. 
 The Government would not object to transfer the control 
 of the Foot Police to the Corporation, provided they paid 
 the whole of the cost. In that case other corporations 
 would be treated in the same way, and the Government 
 would reserve to itself the Mounted Police Force only, 
 for territorial purposes. At a subsequent special 
 meeting of the Council a number of resolutions were 
 adopted in furtherance of the objects of the deputation 
 to the Government, but the majority of them, at least 
 of the most important, such as drainage, &c., were not 
 acted upon for a long time afterwards.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 521 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 The Town Hall was approaching its completion 
 when a question arose as to the establishment of the 
 Telegraph Offices in rooms within that building. When 
 the Town Hall was first projected, the idea was to build 
 it on such a scale as to supply all the wants of the 
 Corporation, and at the same time provide a revenue 
 sufficient to pay the interest upon the money borrowed 
 to erect the building. With this object in view some 
 negotiations took place between the Mayor and the 
 Superintendent of Telegraphs for the purpose of causing 
 the Telegraph Offices and Operating Department to be 
 transferred to the new building. Mr. Todd, who felt 
 strongly the want of better premises than those he 
 occupied, was favorable to the proposal, and even 
 suggested certain modifications in the ground plan of the 
 Town Hall to suit his requirements. The Town Clerk, 
 in a report upon the subject, stated that the proposed 
 alterations in the building were actually carried out in 
 consequence of Mr. Todd's representations. A commu- 
 nication on the subject was made to the Government, 
 but although both the Executive and the Superintendent
 
 232 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of Telegraphs expressed themselves generally favorable 
 to the project, no definite reply was given. It now 
 appeared that a new Post- Office on a splendid scale was 
 contemplated by the Government, and it was intended to 
 erect the premises required for telegraphic purposes in 
 connection with it. The proposal, therefore, to make 
 use of the Town Hall was abandoned, much to the 
 disappointment of those by whom the Town Hall 
 scheme was set on foot. The Town Clerk asserted that 
 the City had been put to an extra cost of £1,000 in 
 endeavoring to suit the convenience of the Telegraph 
 Department, which was now thrown away, and the 
 revenue expected from that source was of course lost. 
 The Government did not assist the Corporation in the 
 matter, and after some expressions of dissatisfaction on 
 the part of the City authorities it was allowed to drop. 
 
 Mr. H. R. Fuller, who was one of the members of 
 the House of Assembly for the City, brought imder 
 notice of that House a motion affirming the desirability 
 of erecting a bridge over the Torrens in a line with 
 Morphett- street. The House went into Committee on 
 the motion, but it was lost by a majority of one. In the 
 Legislative Coimcil the Chief Secretary informed the 
 Hon. J. M. Solomon in reference to the same subject, 
 that the Government would not place any sum of money 
 on the Estimates of the year for such a purpose, but if 
 the Corporation undertook the work the Government 
 would assist them. The sum that had been asked for 
 was not to exceed £2,500 in the first instance. When 
 the question was brought forward again the sum had
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 238 
 
 grown to £3,500, and on the last occasion £6,000 were 
 asked for. There is no doubt that the bridge was much 
 wanted, but it was not erected till some years after- 
 wards. Mr. Fuller also brought under Parliamentary 
 discussion the erection of a dam across the river, for 
 which he was anxious to obtain the assistance of the 
 Government. All that he could obtain was the offer of 
 prison labor free of cost, and whatever stone might be 
 required from the quarries at Dry Creek. On a further 
 application being made, the Chief Secretary expressed 
 his willingness to supplement by an equal sum all 
 moneys expended in public improvements, whether 
 made out of rates, or by means of private sub- 
 scriptions collected for the purpose. This plan of 
 encouraging local efforts had been in force for many 
 years, and within certain limits, is still continued, with 
 considerable public advantage. The Government, at the 
 request of the Mayor (Mr. Townsend), agreed to a 
 Parliamentary vote of £200 for the purpose of putting 
 Colonel Light's monument in proper repair, the Corpora- 
 tion agreeing to maintain it in good order for the future. 
 The troubles in connection with the Morphett- street 
 crossing over the railway again gave signs of being 
 renewed. Mr. Fuller applied to the City Council to 
 take steps for the removal of that portion of the engine- 
 shed on the railway which projected over a part of the 
 disputed right-of-way at that place. Mr. Fuller's letter 
 was forwarded to the Government with an intimation 
 that the Corporation intended to take proceedings in the 
 case, and shortly after Mr. Fuller again wrote, ex-
 
 234 cnr of Adelaide. 
 
 pressing his determination to resort to law so as to 
 compel the removal of the obstruction, and asking the 
 Council to retain an eminent pleader to assist his legal 
 adviser. This was agreed to. The threat was not 
 carried out. No legal steps have been undertaken, and 
 the final settlement of the dispute has already been 
 recorded. 
 
 It might have been thought that the rapid progress 
 of improvement in the circumstances of the Province, 
 and the rapid development of the City itself, would have 
 induced those who held preliminary land-orders, and 
 who thus could claim unsold acres in Adelaide, to 
 exercise the rights which they had purchased nearly 
 thirty years previously. One town acre, No. 1,037, 
 fronting Stanley -street in North Adelaide, still remained 
 unselected. A question put to the Commissioner of 
 Crown Lands in Parliament elicited the information that 
 a land-order, No. 325, issued originally to a Mrs. Sarah 
 Cornwell, had been deposited in the Land Office of the 
 Province, but no claim had been made for the grant of 
 the acre. The land-order contained the following 
 clause : — " . . . hath paid for one lot of land, con- 
 sisting of a town section of one acre, and a country 
 section of 134 acres, with a right of priority of choice 
 as provided in the regulations, &c. ... So soon as 
 the said land shall have been selected, you (the Resident 
 Commissioner) are to put him, his agent, or assigns, in 
 possession thereof, and to procure a grant thereof to be 
 made to him, his heirs and assigns, subject to the laws 
 and regulations of the colony." It would seem from
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. JS& 
 
 this that the Government could not alienate the acre as 
 long as the land -order was in force — since there is but 
 one such order — and one town acre only available. Up 
 to the present time the acre has not been selected. 
 
 The revenue for the year amounted to £24,411 2s. 9d., 
 of which £8,612 Is. 6d. was derived from rates, and 
 from the Government £5,376 Os. 3d., £2,959 8s. being 
 deducted for Police expenses for the City. The expen- 
 diture on public improvements, exclusive of the Town 
 Hall, amounted to £13,149 8s. 9d. 
 
 At the annual elections Mr. Townsend was again 
 chosen Mayor, and Messrs. Pulsford, Raphael, Hill, and 
 Carlin were the new Councillors. The Council's affairs 
 had progressed tolerably smoothly during the year, and 
 everything promised well for the future. The general 
 revenue of the colony for that year (1865) had reached 
 the very large amount of £1,089,129, an amount which 
 was not again attained until the year 1875. The assess- 
 ment for the coming year amounted to £171,238, being 
 an increase of over £5,000 beyond the amount of 1865. 
 
 Out of the abundant means apparently at the com- 
 mand of the Government it was supposed that something 
 special would be done to aid the Council in its efforts to 
 improve the appearance of the City. The so-called 
 River Torrens is nothing more than a mountain torrent 
 m the wet season, and in summer a petty stream, which 
 in England would scarcely be termed a brook. The 
 winter ravages destroy the high banks, from the rush of 
 waters gathered by the mountain range which lies to the 
 east of Adelaide. They are at all times unsightly, and
 
 236 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 nothing that had been done (or, indeed, has been done 
 up to the present time) had made any great change in 
 their appearance. Early in 1866 the Mayor (Mr. 
 Townsend) asked the House of Assembly for a grant- 
 in-aid of £1,000, to be applied to the improvement of 
 the river. This was granted. A second request for 
 £1,000 was not well received, and after a lapse of many 
 months, and after the subject had been twice discussed, 
 was refused. 
 
 The Town Hall was now approaching completion. 
 The tower which adorns the western face of the building 
 had been raised to its full height, and it was determined 
 to open the building and inaugurate it in a fitting way. 
 At the time of its completion the Town Hall was the 
 largest Municipal building south of the Equator. It was 
 opened by His Excellency the Governor in state on the 
 20th June, the 29th anniversary of the accession of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty to the Throne. The inaugura- 
 tion was celebrated by a banquet, at which the Mayor 
 presided. It was attended by more than 800 persons. 
 The following description of the building and of the 
 work as it progressed may be interesting : — 
 
 " The excavations were commenced on March 13, 
 1863, and comprised one cellar, 32 feet by 20 feet ; a 
 second one, 28 feet by 25 feet ; and the foxmdations 
 proper. The laying of the first corner-stone was cele- 
 brated on May 4, 1863, and of the first stone of the 
 tower which was christened the Albert Tower on 
 January 13, 1864. The entire front of the building is 
 73 feet wide, and projects over the footpath, the arcade
 
 CITY OP ADELAIDE. 237 
 
 being 20 feet wide, furnished with a series of massive 
 arches, over which is an open colonnade, surmounted by 
 a very handsome cornice. The entire front, as well as 
 the tower which extends above it to the height of 145 
 feet from the pavement, is constructed entirely of white 
 freestone. The enrichments are in the Corinthian order, 
 and the whole design is elegant and striking. Imme- 
 diately above the cornice of the main building are 
 sculptured the City Arms, and the next compartment 
 displays, at a height of 75 feet, apertures intended for 
 clock-faces, which it is hoped the liberality of the 
 citizens will shortly supply. These will occupy the 
 western, northern, and southern aspects, and are to be 
 eight feet in diameter. Above this is situated the belfry, 
 now provided with a splendid peal of bells, which, in 
 concord with the feeling of loyal respect that dictated 
 the appellation given to the tower itself, are termed the 
 Albert Bells. Still higher up is the lantern-dome and 
 vane, and altogether this portion of the edifice is alike 
 handsome and imposing. The chief entrance to the 
 building under the portico is protected by an iron gate, 
 which conducts into the grand entrance and lobbies. 
 These are inlaid with encaustic, or more properly Pinion's 
 ornamental tiles, presenting to the eye a very pleasing 
 effect. The entrance-hall itself is 43 feet by 27 feet, and 
 the passage, seven feet wide, terminates in the room 
 appropriated for the City Council Chamber, the dimen- 
 sions of which are 43 feet by 23 feet 8 inches. On 
 either side are commodious rooms, intended to be used 
 in accordance with the recent arrangement entered into
 
 t3S CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 between the Government and the Corporation for the 
 purposes of the Local, Police, and Insolvency Courts 
 and Offices. Diverging southwards at right angles from 
 the furthest extremity of the main passage is another 
 passage, which traverses the entire extent of a large side 
 building, and ends at a doorway opening into the private 
 street skirting the Government Acre. On either side of 
 this are suites of apartments for the use of the officers 
 of the City Council, and the second floor of this wing, 
 approached by a staircase immediately in front of the 
 doorway, contains refreshment-room (formerly used as 
 the Council Chamber) as also kitchen, sculleries, &c., to 
 which fuel and other supplies are intended to be elevated 
 by means of a hoist. Returning to the grand entrance, 
 and moimting the great staircase — a very excellent 
 piece of workmanship, carried out by Mr. G. L. 
 Bonython — to the southward a spacious landing 27 
 feet by 24 feet is reached, over which is the 
 gallery, reached by a pair of smaller staircases. 
 This landing gives access to the grand hall, to robing 
 rooms for ladies and gentlemen, to the open corridor 
 facing King William-street, and to the tower staircase. 
 The entrance to the Town Hall proper is by means of 
 large doors on the sliding principle. The room is indeed 
 a magnificent one, and no amount of technical description 
 can convey any idea of what one glance at its interior 
 reveals. Guildhall — that structure having a history 
 extending over four and a half centuries, and " fraught 
 with such a multitude of varied recollections" — does not 
 equal it in shapeliness of design, according to the modera
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 239 
 
 architectural notions of proportion. Its dimensions are 
 given at 152 feet long, 50 broad, and 55 feet high, and 
 its superficial area in feet will therefore he 7,600 feet— a 
 space large enough to accommodate 7,000 persons on 
 one grand occasion. Our own hall is 108 feet long, 
 68 feet broad, and its greatest height is 44 feet, the 
 superficial area being 7,344 feet. Its ordinary capacity 
 is computed at from 2,500 to 3,000 persons, but on an 
 emergency its accommodating capabilities might be very 
 largely augmented. At the east end of the room a 
 platform covering a space of 37 feet by 18 feet has been 
 constructed, and provision has been made for the future 
 reception of a grand city organ. Eight iron columns in 
 double rows spring upwards to the ceiling on each side 
 of the doorway, and a handsome iron railing, with richlv 
 polished handrails, fences in the gallery, and presents, 
 besides from the body ot the hall, a peculiarly chaste 
 and elegant effect. The main walls are ornamented by 
 26 Corinthian columns, with pui'e Corinthian capitals, 
 finished in a highly artistic style, and having their bases 
 covered with a material which displays to view a 
 polished exterior in smoothness and glossuess only sui'- 
 passed by marble. The intervals between the columns 
 are fitted with cedar seats slightly raised above the floor 
 level, and intended for the convenience of dancers and 
 others who may require to avail themselves of them. 
 Above the recesses are circular-headed windows 12 bv 
 4 feet, furnished with ribbed glass, peculiarly adapted to 
 the exigencies of a climate characterised in some seasons 
 by excessive heat. The windows are decorated with
 
 240 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 composite columns and enriched capitals, the columns 
 bearing an elegant appearance and being of a propor- 
 tionate size. To add to the beauty and elegancy of the 
 whole, there are moulded panels between the windows, 
 and dado cornices for the reception of paintings and 
 works of art ; for a similar object, the erection of 
 statuary, the four corners have been artistically rounded 
 with niches receding gracefully into the wall. To secure 
 adequate and speedy ventilation the architects have 
 made ample provision. The whole of the windows — 16 
 in number — can be opened or closed simultaneously by 
 one person by means of machinery, and cold air can be 
 admitted, and vitiated air escape, through apertures pro- 
 vided for that purpose, without the least inconvenience 
 to the audience. Encircling the large ceiling ventilator 
 is a continual space three inches wide, and also running 
 round the principal cornices there is similar provision for 
 free ventilation — a desideratum which is further regarded 
 by the provision of a row of ventilators seven feet from 
 the floor. The ceiling itself, for the colony, is a triumph 
 in the decorative art, presenting a combination of 
 striking, elegant, and ornamental objects, the workman- 
 ship of which reflects the greatest credit upon the 
 artisans and all who were engaged in this work. It is 
 richly decorated with a large and handsome ventilator, 
 studded with embellishments and mouldings, forming a 
 complete and decorative tout ensemble^ admirable in all 
 its details. From each of three roses, richly bordered 
 in the most ornamental style, are suspended handsome 
 gasaliers, one of which will overhang the platform.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 241 
 
 the distance between each being 38 feet. The floor of 
 the hall has been constructed on the most approved 
 principle, adopted with a view of deafening noise or 
 sound arising from promenading, &c. For this purpose 
 sawdust and clay have been used and filled in to a depth 
 of eight inches between the joists and the floor. 
 
 "At 12 o'clock at noon the citizens for the first time 
 had an opportunity of listening to the regular and 
 continuous chiming of the Albert Bells. The apparatus 
 is so constructed as to cause 20 chano;es to follow in 
 succession. The chiming was distinctly heard at times 
 at the further end of North Adelaide, and at places 
 equally distant. The chiming was repeated in the 
 evening between 5 and 6 o'clock. The front of the 
 Town Hall was brilliantly illuminated with gas in various 
 devices, including the letters W. T., V. E., and A. A. 
 with stars and crowns. A very large concourse of 
 persons assembled during the evening in front of the 
 Hall to witness the illuminations, the arrival of the 
 guests, as well as to hear the chiming of the bells."
 
 242 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 The inaugural banquet was held in the evening. A 
 raised platform had been constructed in the centre of the 
 north side of the great Hall. It was decorated with a 
 profusion of the choicest evergreens and shrubs, behind 
 which the band and the professional vocalists were 
 located. His Worship the Mayor presided. The 
 Governor, Sir Dominic Daly, attended in state, and the 
 Ministry and the various heads of departments in the 
 Civil Service appeared in official uniform. The 
 Governor sat at the right of the Chairman, and that 
 side of the dais was occupied by the Hon. J. Morpbett 
 (President of the Legislative Council), His Honor Mr. 
 Justice Boothby, Sir J. H. Fisher, the Attorney- General 
 (Hon. J. P. Boucaut), the Commissioner of Crown 
 Lands (Hon. W. Milne), and the Hon. T. Reynolds. 
 On the left of the Mayor were His Honor Sir R. D. 
 Hanson (Chief Justice), the Hon. G. S. Kingston 
 (Speaker of the House of Assembly), the Hon. W. 
 Duffield (Treasurer), the Hon. T. English (Commis- 
 sioner of Public Works), the Hon. H. Ayers, M.L.C., 
 the Hon. P. Santo, and the Rev. C. W. Evan. The
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 243 
 
 vice -chair was occupied by Mr J. W. Smith, Mayor of 
 Port Adelaide,* and he was supported on his right by 
 Mr. W. C. Buik, Mayor of Kensington and Norwood, 
 and Mr. J. Mitchell, Mayor of Gawkr ; and on his 
 left by the Hon. H. B. T. Strangways, Mayor of 
 Glenelg, and Dr. Blood, M.D., Mayor of Kapunda. 
 The croupiers at the end of the various tables were 
 Councillors Carlin, Bundey, Rankin, R. I. Winter, 
 Pulsford, and Murphy, the Town Clerk (Mr. W. A. 
 Hughes), Mr. J. Colton, M.P., and Messrs. W. K. 
 Thomas and E. B. W. Glandfield. Such a scene had 
 not been witnessed before in the Province of South 
 Australia. The Old Colonists' gathering, which took 
 place in 1850, had brought together some 300 persons, 
 and for those days was thought to be a wonderful 
 evidence of the advancement and sound prosperity of 
 the infant settlement, which had been founded and had 
 grown under so many difficulties. Here were assembled 
 over 800 guests, amongst whom the early pioneers (whose 
 ranks, however, had been much thinned by death and other 
 causes^ took a prominent part. Other larger assemblages 
 have since taken place in the splendid Hall, but in none 
 was there greater enthusiasm displayed at the results of 
 thirty years of struggles, difficulties, and disappoint- 
 ments. The substantial portion of the evening's festi- 
 vities had ample justice done to it, and the formal 
 proceedings entered upon. The choir sang the Non 
 nobis Domine. After the conclusion of this magnificent 
 anthem, and silence had been requested (although the 
 request was but little needed), 
 
 * Also Uuiteil States Consul.
 
 244 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 His Worship the Major rose, and was received with 
 loud and prolonged demonstrations. He stated that he 
 had received a number of letters from gentlemen who 
 had been prevented from attending, but who deeply 
 deplored their absence from various causes. 
 
 Amongst them were those received from the Mayor 
 of Sydney, the Mayor and the Town Clerk of Mel- 
 bourne, and Mr. D. D. Daly. 
 
 His Worship proposed the first toast amongst 
 Englishmen, " The Health of Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 the Queen." That day was the anniversary of an im- 
 portant event in English History, the Accession of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty to the throne of England. The 
 hopes and the anticipations of the nation at that time had 
 been more than realised, for in that hall, 14,000 miles 
 away from the seat of Empire, every heart would 
 respond to the toast " A Health to the Queen, God Bless 
 Her." 
 
 The toast was acknowledged with the heartiest 
 enthusiasm, " God Save the Queen" being played by the 
 band. 
 
 His Worship then proposed " The Health of the 
 Prince and Princess of Wales, and the rest ot the Koyal 
 Family." 
 
 This was also drunk with every possible demonstra- 
 tion of loyalty and attachment to the reigning dynasty, 
 and was followed by " God Bless the Prince of Wales" 
 by the orchestra. 
 
 His Worship said that if his guests would look at 
 their programmes tliey would see that the next toast he
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 245 
 
 had the honor to propose must be drunk with a bumper. 
 It was that of " The Health of His Excellency the 
 Governor-in-Chief," and he was sure that it would be 
 drunk in the most enthusiastic manner. As His 
 Excellency was present, he was deterred from saying 
 all that he would wish to express respecting him, but he 
 could not refrain from reminding them that His Excellency 
 had laid the foundation-stone of that Hall, and now they 
 had the honor of his presence at the opening. During 
 the time His Excellency had been amongst them, he had 
 gained the confidence and esteem of all classes of the 
 community. Whatever might be the position of the 
 person who called upon His Excellency for advice, he 
 invariably was received with courtesy and consideration. 
 His Excellency had been a long time amongst them, 
 and there was every expectation that a portion of his 
 family would remain as permanent settlers in South 
 Australia. He was sure that he expressed the hope of 
 every one present that His Excellency also might be 
 enabled to make such arrangements as to induce him to 
 make this his permanent home. He hoped that His 
 Excellency would long remain among them. However, 
 his duty was simply to propose His Excellency's health. 
 He was sure they would all recognise in His Excellency 
 a gentlemen who on the one hand was most anxious to 
 perform his duty as the representative of his Sovereign 
 the Queen, and on the other to promote in every 
 possible way the best interests and prosperity of the 
 colony.
 
 246 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 At this stage of the proceedings, Mr. W. A. Hughes, 
 the Town Clerk, read and presented His Excellency the 
 following address from the Corporation : — 
 " To His Excellency Sir Dominic Daly, Knight, 
 Captain-General, and Grovernor-in- Chief in and over 
 Her Majesty's Province of South Australia and 
 the Dependencies thereof, and Vice- Admiral of the 
 same. 
 " May it please Your Excellency — 
 
 " The Mayor and Council of the Corporation of the 
 City of Adelaide, in the Province of South Australia, 
 have much pleasure in informing Your Excellency that 
 the City Council have been enabled to complete the 
 building, the foundation-stone of which Your Excellency 
 was so kind in laying in May, 1863. 
 
 "Your Excellency at that time congratulated the 
 City in reference to the building which it was proposed 
 to erect, and the Mayor and Council are much pleased 
 to find that Your Excellency is present this day to assist 
 in celebrating the completion of this work, which has 
 terminated so successfully, and without the slightest 
 accident to any of the workmen engaged. 
 
 " In common with the rest of the colonists, the 
 Mayor and Council bear testimony to the zeal and 
 energy shown by Your Excellency in all matters apper- 
 taining to the interests of the colony, and hope that the 
 bond which imites us together will not be soon severed. 
 
 " The Mayor and Council trust that in the noble 
 building this day to be formally opened (erected at a 
 cost of £20,000) Your Excellency will see evidence of
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 247 
 
 -r— rrr- , - nm -— - - ■ ■ ■- .— -,-...■■ ■ ■ . _ 
 
 the rapid advancement of the colony in local and com- 
 mercial improvement. 
 
 " The Mayor and Council would consider it a great 
 honor were your Excellency to notify to Her Majesty, 
 our beloved Queen, that the Tower named after Her 
 Majesty's late illustrious consort " The Albert Tower," 
 and of the erection of which your Excellency was 
 pleased to say you would lay particulars thereof before 
 Her Majesty, has been completed, and that the " Albert 
 Bells" fixed therein have this day been chimed for the 
 first time. 
 
 '' vSigned on behalf of the City Council, 
 
 "W. TOWNSEND, 
 
 " Mayor. 
 
 " W. A. Hughes, Town Clerk. 
 
 " Town Hall, Adelaide, ^Oth June, 1866, being the 
 anniversary of Her Majesty's accession." 
 
 His Excellency said a double duty devolved upon 
 him on that occasion. Thev had done him the honor of 
 drinking his health in such a manner as to deserve his 
 sincere thanks, which he most heartily accorded. It had 
 often been his lot to address large assemblies, but he 
 believed it had never fallen to his lot to address so large 
 an audience as that before him, or upon a similar 
 occasion to that which had called them together. It was 
 his peculiar good fortune to have laid the foundation- 
 stone of that beautiful structure, and he well remembered 
 the gratification he experienced at the time in doing so, 
 which nothing could exceed but the pleasure he then 
 experienced in being present at the opening of the com-
 
 248 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 pleted building. The completion of that noble building 
 was one of the many proofs of the rapid progress of the 
 commercial interest and social condition of the colony. 
 The display of the architectural ability and taste which 
 the building contained was highly creditable to the 
 colony of South Australia. The manner in which His 
 Worship had been pleased to refer to him in respect to 
 the discharge of his official duties was very gratifying, 
 but from the first day of his arrival in the colony he had 
 had the peculiar advantage of experiencing nothing but 
 sympathy and the support of all classes. This had 
 always been a great source of gratification to him. It 
 had been his constant endeavor to act in a straight- 
 forward and impartial manner, and he was convinced 
 that this line of conduct would always carry a man 
 through even the greatest difficulty. It was very 
 gratifying to know that the iiuilding in which they 
 were assembled had been completed without any 
 accident whatever. He had watched with great 
 interest the progress of the building during its erection, 
 and he would not fail to comply with the request of the 
 City Council in informing Her Majesty of the completion 
 of the Albert Tower. It would stand as a memento to 
 future generations of the estimate in which the people 
 of the present day held the virtues of that illustrious 
 Prince whose name it bore. It was intended by the 
 erection of that tower to keep alive the memory of the 
 beloved Prince Albert in the minds of the future 
 generations. But he must now return to what the 
 worthy Mayor had said in proposing his health. His
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 249 
 
 Worship referred to the probability of a part of his 
 family being permanently settled in the colony. He, 
 however, did not wish it to go forth to the world that he 
 endorsed the wish expressed by the Mayor that he (His 
 Excellency) might end his days in South Australia. He 
 might have a less agreeable fate awaiting him, but he 
 had no such aspirations. He was desirous only of 
 fulfilling whatever duty might be appointed to him by 
 his Sovereign. Tf a portion of his family should 
 determine to settle finally in South Australia it would be 
 a source of great gratification to him, as he would feel 
 assured that they were amongst sincere friends. But 
 they were of age to choose for themselves. He had not 
 intended to have alluded to this, but the remarks of His 
 Worship had induced him to do so. He now repeated his 
 thanks for the honor that had been done to him in 
 drinking his health with so much enthusiasm, and he 
 again assured them that he would remember with the 
 greatest gratification the circumstances that he laid the 
 foundation-stone of that noble building and was present 
 at its opening. 
 
 The Mayor then proposed " The Army, Navy, and 
 Volunteers." 
 
 Lieutenant Lucas, 40tli Regiment, Provincial Aide- 
 de-Camp, responded briefly. 
 
 The Mayor then called upon the company to drink 
 to the health of the Ministry, who had honored them 
 "with their presence that evening. 
 
 The Hon. A. Blyth was received with a round of 
 applause which continued for several minutes. When
 
 250 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 silence was restored he said that he was unaccustomed 
 to speaking before so large an audience as was assembled 
 that evening. It was gratifying that they had now a 
 magnificent Guild Hall, and also that they had a Mayor 
 of the City to give them such a magnificent entertain- 
 ment. It was his good fortune to be a member of the 
 Ministry when the foundation-stone was laid, and there 
 had been many changes in the interval, during which he 
 had been in and out of office three times. In the mother 
 country occasion was taken at such meetings as that to 
 refer to the condition of the country, the political aspect 
 of Europe, and the relations of England with Foreign 
 Powers. In this colony, however, there was no topic of 
 that kind to which the Ministry could refer. He had 
 three things, however, to say on that occasion on behalf 
 of the Ministry — First, that they were very desirous to 
 perform their duty ; second, that they would be glad to 
 partake on many other occasions such right royal 
 hospitality as had been bestowed upon them that 
 evening ; and third, that at the next anniversary of Her 
 Majesty's Accession they might be in office, and that as 
 good an entertainment might be provided for them. 
 
 The Mayor proposed the " Parliament of South 
 Australia." 
 
 The toast was drunk with much enthusiasm. 
 
 The Hon. J. Morphett, President of the Legislative 
 Council, returned thanks. He congratulated his 
 Worship the Mayor on the position he occupied, and to 
 which he had been raised by the unanimous vote of the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 251 
 
 citizens. He had much pleasure in meeting so many of 
 the most influential inhabitants of South Australia in 
 that magnificent Hall, built by the citizens themselves, 
 and which would compare favorably with any structure 
 of the kind in any one of the British Dependencies. 
 That was saying a great deal, but when he remembered 
 that it was less than 30 years ago that he and his friend 
 Sir James Hurtle Fisher trod what a short time before 
 was the primeval forest, but which now was the City of 
 Adelaide, he could not help feeling that the colonists of 
 South Australia might well be proud of what they had 
 accomplished. Looking at the architectural embellish- 
 ments of that Hall, the elegance of the room, and 
 particularly the beauty and grace which adorned the 
 gallery, they might justly be proud. (Cheers.) It was 
 a convincing proof of the social progress of South 
 Australia. In returning thanks on behalf of the Legis- 
 lative Council he could not refrain from expressing his 
 belief that it was a happy thing for South Australia that 
 the Legislature was composed of two Chambers. The 
 second Chamber afforded the means for carefully and 
 fully reviewing the various measures which originate in 
 the other House. Thus it furnished the means of 
 thoroughly sifting every question introduced to the 
 JjCgislature. There was, therefore, every guarantee that 
 their legislation would be an embodiment of the prin- 
 ciples and interests of the people of South Australia. 
 The Parliament was an honor to the colony, and would 
 falsify the predictions of those who, in other countries, 
 were opposed to popular representative institutions. It
 
 252 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 would prove to the world that the people could be 
 trusted, and that there was not the least ground for 
 apprehending that sedition, anarchy, and revolution 
 would necessarily co-exist with popular institutions and 
 vote by ballot. 
 
 The Hon. the Speaker (Mr. G. S. Kingston) said it 
 afforded him extreme pleasure to stand before them that 
 evening in the proud position of Speaker of the House 
 of Assembly to return thanks for that body. As had 
 been well remarked by the preceding speaker, the Parlia- 
 ment of South Australia would favorably compare with 
 any Parliament out of England, and it did not fall far 
 short even of that of the mother country. He felt in 
 following the President of the Legislative Council that 
 little had been left to him to say with regard to the 
 general scope and object of the toast, but he might be 
 allowed to make a few remarks. First — He would 
 say that as His Excellency had properly expressed his 
 feelings of satisfaction in being able to say that he laid 
 the foundation-stone of that Hall, and was now present at 
 its completion, he was proud to be able to state that he 
 had seen the progress of the colony from the first period 
 of the white man's landing. He and the President of 
 the Legislative Council landed more than 29 years ago. 
 It would be 30 years on the 11th of September next 
 since they had a race to see who would first reach the 
 dry ground on Kangaroo Island. When he looked back 
 and saw the marked prosperity which had attended the 
 colony from that day to the present time,. he felt proud 
 to meet them there. He recollected the town when it
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 253 
 
 was a forest. He laid out the greater part of it with his 
 own hand, and therefore felt proud of its prosperity. 
 He would not detain them longer, except to say that had 
 the Mayor not been a member of Parliament he would 
 hardly have thought that he had made a right selection 
 when he had fixed the tune preceding to that response — 
 although it was a tune of his own country — so as to 
 make it appear that they had been talking blarney. 
 He did not think they liad been doing so that evening. 
 He felt that the Parliament had done its duty at all 
 times sincerely, and to the best of its ability, and it 
 would, he was sure, continue to do so. On behalf of the 
 Assembly, he returned them his best thanks. 
 
 His Excellency said the toast which had been confided 
 to him ought certainly to have been in better hands, for 
 the subject could be very much enlarged upon. However, 
 he was very glad of the opportunity which it afforded 
 him in briefly introducing it to express the esteem — the 
 high esteem and friendship which he entertained for His 
 Worship the Mayor. He was one of those British 
 colonists who was a credit to his class. Raised by his 
 own exertions, by industry and by ability, and above all 
 by high integrity, he had obtained a position that might 
 be envied by many, and which could not be surpassed 
 among the citizens of Adelaide. It was quite unnecessary 
 for him to descant on his many qualifications for the 
 office which he filled. Certainly he need not say 
 anything in regard to his prcjfuse liberality and liospi- 
 tality. He thought he had sufficiently evinced tliese 
 qualifications by what was now before them — a sight
 
 254 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 which he never expected to see when he arrived in the 
 colony. He had had the pleasure of naming many mate- 
 rials which they could find and produce in the country 
 adapted for their manufacture, building, and so forth, 
 but he believed from his experience since he had been in 
 the colony that they had also the material of making 
 first-rate Mayors. He was also of opinion that they had 
 now in that position as good a man and as fit a man as 
 could have occupied it, and who for the second time 
 obtained it. He only trusted that he might continue to 
 retain it as long as it was his pleasure to do so, and he 
 firmly believed, judging from all circumstances, that the 
 City of Adelaide would be fortunate in always having 
 the office so well filled. He now asked them to fill their 
 glasses and drink to the health of the Right Worshipful 
 the Mayor, Mr. William Townsend, with three times 
 three. 
 
 The call was thoroughly responded to. 
 
 His Worship the Mayor was received with rounds 
 of applause. He said there were times when he felt 
 how utterly powerless words were to convey the 
 emotions of the heart. He should not be telling the 
 truth if he did not say that personally he regarded this 
 as an interesting occasion. The kind manifestations of 
 regard and kind expressions used by his Excellency, and 
 the cordial response to them, had filled him with joy, and 
 he trusted that it had given comfort to them. He had 
 onlv had one desire from the moment he was called 
 upon to occupy the position he now held. He had 
 sought to discharge his duties to the best of his ability.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 255 
 
 No man could succeed, no person ought to succeed, 
 unless he took counsel from those with whom he 
 associated, and in moments of difficulty he had 
 found it his good fortune to have even the highest of the 
 land to whom he could go for assistance and aid in the 
 way of counsel. He could not be present on an in- 
 teresting occasion of that kind without almost envying 
 the feelings of those who had come before him. Standing 
 as he did that night in the presence of those who were 
 the pioneers of the colony, he believed they would say 
 that whatever might have been the difficulties, trials, 
 and sorrows they had passed through, they were amply 
 repaid in witnessing the progress of the Anglo-Saxon 
 race here for their 30 years of trials and struggles. He 
 was not one of them ; he knew nothing of them ; but 
 he maintained confidently that their highest aspirations 
 could not have been equal to what has actually taken 
 place. In the very street in which that noble building 
 stood, and in which land had probably been sold or pur- 
 chased at 12s. per acre, an acre was now sold for 
 £35,000, and land with only a depth of 90 feet had 
 realised upwards of £300 per foot. He thought in 
 regard to the hall, so quiet in its beauty, so chaste and 
 perfect in its architectural proportions and appointments, 
 that it would be admitted a credit to the architects, to 
 the Ijuilders, and even to the very workmen engaged 
 upon it. He believed that had the poet Keats only 
 written 
 
 '' A thing of beauty is a joy for ever" 
 
 all woidd bear witness that his conception had been
 
 256 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 realised in tbis particular instance. (Hear, hear.) But 
 perhaps he might be allowed to say that there were 
 difficulties connected in bringing together a gathering 
 like that. (Hear.) It had not been collected without 
 personal difficulties to himself. He did not know what 
 was the rule, but he presumed that each Governor, when 
 he arrived here, had a visiting book and an invitation 
 book to guide him, whereas no previous Mayor had 
 given him any idea as to whom he should invite. He, 
 however, had entered in a book the names of all those 
 whom he had invited, and he would leave it, alpha- 
 betically arranged, for the benefit of the next holder of 
 the office. He mentioned this in order to show the 
 difficulties he had to overcome, and to explain to any 
 sincere friends of his who by inadvertence on his part 
 were not present that evening. Gentlemen who wished 
 to invite only some thirty or forty persons often dis- 
 covered that the very persons were left out who should 
 not have been left out. His desire had been to gather 
 together men of all opinions, to let the gathering that 
 evening be a true representation of the wealth, intelli- 
 gence, and industry of the City of Adelaide. He could 
 conscientiously say that amongst all he saw before him 
 — whether he had been an opponent of his or a 
 supporter, or whether he had voted for him or not — he 
 had recognised that he had taken an active part in some 
 portion at least of their public affairs, and he welcomed 
 him that evening as heartily as he did his earliest 
 personal or political friend. He had simply endeavored 
 to discharge his duty. Without wishing on that occasion
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 257 
 
 to enlarge on general topics, he would remind them that 
 although much had been accomplished, much more 
 remained to be done, and he hoped they would pardon 
 him for reminding them that this was the only chief city 
 in Australia that was not lighted with gas. He would 
 add, if there was any opponent of the scheme for 
 remedying that evil present, in order to show that there 
 was no animosity towards him, he hoped that in the 
 event of there being no gas that evening he would meet 
 no accident in returning from the present gathering. 
 (Laughter.) But there were other things to be done. 
 No person having had the good fortune to visit the 
 neighboring colony — as he had done — could fail to see 
 that while South Australia was in advance of it in many 
 respects, it was far behind it in others. He thought 
 they had a reasonable amount of churches and chapels 
 within an easy distance of that spot — (hear, hear) — but 
 lie must say, as Chief Magistrate of the City, that he 
 did not think their schools, so far as the buildings were 
 concerned, were a credit to the city — (hear, hear) — and 
 he for one would be prepared to aid any one, no matter 
 to what creed he belonged, who was willing to give them 
 good substantial buildings, thus enabling them to take 
 better advantage of the services of the present com- 
 petent schoolmasters. Any one acquainted with Victoria 
 would know of the schools established at St. Kilda, 
 Richmond, Collingwood, and other places, as being far in 
 advance of those in this colony in the respect he had 
 pointed out. He hoped he would be pardoned in saying 
 that no one except those who had achieved a good
 
 258 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 position knew how painful it was not to have educational 
 culture or had so strong a desire that others should 
 enjoy the advantages which he had been deprived of, 
 (Cheers.) This was in some measure a joyous occasion, 
 and while those inside were able to view that noble Hall, 
 there were others outside — not anxious to come in, of 
 course — (loud laughter) — but still outside — and had the 
 building and his means been as large as his heart they 
 should all have come in. (Applause.) But he could 
 not forget that there was one class — a more numerous 
 class, he feared, than some of his fellow- citizens were 
 aware of — who would never see that building ; who 
 never could see it. Circumstances over which they had 
 no control had deprived them of one of life's highest 
 blessings — that of sight. They could not witness this 
 building in all its still beauty, purity, and he might say 
 loveliness, and but for sickness, which he had no control 
 over, had God spared him, he should ere this have tried 
 to get established a Blind Asylum in the City of 
 Adelaide. (Applause.) No man could pursue a 
 straightforward course as a public man without his 
 motives and conduct being impugned, and he did not 
 know that they should desire it to be otherwise. Just 
 in proportion as an individual sought to be powerful and 
 to make a good use of his power would his enemies 
 multiply. It had been said that he was going to make 
 his banquet pay financially. He hoped that the man 
 who made the assertion would be ready with his proof 
 that day three weeks. (A laugh.) Then it was re- 
 ported that the receipts from the ball were to cover the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 259 
 
 fexpense, but the suggestion first made by himself was 
 that if there was anything over from that source it 
 should form a contribution in aid of a Blind Asylum. 
 (Loud applause.) If he had health he should, as far as 
 he could do so, be an active supporter and co-operator 
 in that movement. It was not his intention to detain 
 them, but he would say in conclusion that every privilege 
 brought with it corresponding duties. Standing as they 
 did in the place of those who had traversed the country 
 in its primitive state — as a bush — a land untilled and 
 uncultivated, they were in a position to trace w4iat had 
 been done during the last 30 years, and to look forward 
 with hope to the future. If a few men bound together 
 by interested motives it might be, had forced their way 
 through trial, and sorrow, and difficulty, and if in thirty 
 years the Anglo-Saxon race had achieved so much here 
 — what might they not expect during the next 30 years ? 
 In that buildins: would be heard the sweet strains of 
 music sounded on behalf of the needy and afflicted. 
 There would be heard the gentle cadence, the soft 
 response, the glorious anthem, and the swelling chorus. 
 There might the philanthropist plead on behalf of 
 suffering humanity. The poor they would always have 
 with them ; and in that place might men of eloquence 
 plead for the miserable and destitute ; there might men 
 of truth proclaim those doctrines which elevated and 
 dignified and purified their nature. Might that land, so 
 free in its institutions, so tolerant in its religious beliefs, 
 so vast in its resources, and so beautiful in its natural 
 features and climate, still inse and grow, until that which
 
 260 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 they had accomplished in the past might appear inconsi- 
 derable, and the success of that occasion be but puny in 
 view of the surpassing greatness of their achievements. 
 Thousands yet unborn would live there free, glorious, 
 and great, and in place of a colony an empire would 
 grow, distinguished for loyalty, freedom, and truth. 
 (Tremendous applause.) He would only add with all 
 sincerity that if in the most imperfect degree he had 
 contributed to this result, he was abundantly repaid by 
 their kind attention and presence on the occasion. He 
 would merely say to the rising youth of the province, 
 who possessed advantages of wealth and education above 
 what their fathers had enjoyed, that with them rested in 
 large measure the future of South Australia. He again 
 breathed the aspiration that it might flourish and grow ; 
 that its legislation should be directed to promote its true 
 welfare until it gained the proud position of enjoying the 
 largest amount of political freedom without licentiousness, 
 and that it would work out for itself a noble future — 
 
 " Aid its dawning tongue and pen ; 
 Aid it hopes of honest men ; 
 Aid it paper ; aid it type. • 
 Aid it for tlie hour is ripe. 
 And our earnest must not slacken into play, 
 Men of thought and men of action lead the way." 
 
 (Prolonged cheering.) 
 
 His Honor the Chief Justice rose amid immense 
 applause. He remarked that the occasion of their 
 meeting together that evening was one that necessarily 
 recalled to their recollection scenes in the past by the 
 contrast which it presented to them. The toast which 
 he had been requested to propose called attention to one
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 261 
 
 of those contrasts, and asked them to recognise the 
 services of those whose labors and whose sufferings in 
 some degree had prepared the way for the position 
 which they were now enabled to occupy. (Hear, hear.) 
 In looking at the Adelaide Corporation — at all that it 
 had done, and at the room which it had erected, and in 
 which they were now assembled, they must remember 
 that this was not the first Corporation which had ruled 
 within the city, and that that was not the first place 
 within which a municipality had been collected. What 
 was the precise nature of the building — (a laugh) — who 
 were the individual members of the former body, he 
 confessed he did not know ; because the Corporation 
 and the building, so far as their public use were con- 
 cerned, had passed away before he landed in the colony ; 
 but they did know that the people of Adelaide were 
 incorporated for the purpose of managing their own 
 affairs, and that they successfully carried out the objects 
 of their incorporation until a crisis arose, to which it 
 was no marvel that they were compelled to succumb, 
 because the Government itself was well-nigh, if not 
 altogether, insolvent at the time — (hear and a laugh) — 
 and was only enabled to continue its existence through 
 the assistance of the mother country. He said this to 
 show that it was not to be wondered at that the Corpora- 
 tion of Adelaide should for the time have been forced to 
 yield to the stream which almost swept away the 
 Government of the colony itself. But although the 
 Corporation had given the gentleman who was the 
 Mayor of it, and who was selected by the voice of his
 
 262 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 fellow- citizens to occupy the most honorable position 
 which at that time was in the power of the citizens to 
 confer, he was still among them, having subsequently filled 
 positions of higher honor, and having now at a good age 
 retired from the labors of public life into the repose and 
 respect of private life. (Loud cheers.) And with his 
 name he was also to associate those who with him were 
 the pioneers of the colony. He was not himself one of 
 those pioneers, although before the foundation of the 
 colony he had been for some years associated individually 
 with them, and associated with them in their labors and 
 n their aspirations. Consequently it was a matter of grati- 
 fication to him, and a matter almost of pride he might say, 
 that for so many years those who had practically carried 
 out the scheme devised in England, and who had worked 
 so long in the colony to realise the plan prepared long 
 previously, should after such a lapse of years still 
 remain among the colonists, occupying in their midst the 
 highest positions which any one in the province could 
 occupy. As had been already stated by the Hon. President 
 of the Legislative Council and the Speaker of the House 
 of Assembly, they formed two of those pioneers, and it 
 was a gratifying fact that they who were among the first 
 to encounter the labor of establishing the colony should 
 after so many years have realised so gratifying a reward 
 for what they then adventured and did. (Applause.) 
 And if this were a fitting occasion he might name many 
 more associated with them who were also in difterent 
 ways reaping the benefit of the step they took. Such 
 men might congratulate themselves that they had
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 263 
 
 established the colony, with a chief town like Adelaide, 
 a Town Hall like this, and a Mayor like his honorable 
 friend, and that they themselves were not altogether 
 imbenefited by the progress made. In sentiments of this 
 nature referring to a period long past, it was impossible 
 but that some amoimt of sadness should mingle with 
 their congratulation. Of those who were the pioneers 
 of tlie colony some had fallen out of the course — some 
 had died — but they had died having so far secured the 
 accomplishment of their work as that their death inter- 
 tiered in no degree with its being ultimately carried out. 
 He felt that on an occasion of that sort he had no right 
 to detain them. When he rose he had no idea of saying 
 one-half as much as he had already said, but he had 
 been carried away by the feelings which the position in 
 which he was now placed and the toast entrusted to him 
 were calculated to inspire. He would say no more now, 
 but would call upon them to drink to " Sir J. H. Fisher, 
 first Mayor of the City, and the Pioneers of South 
 Australia." 
 
 His Worship the Mayor requested that all those who 
 had arrived in the colony pi*ior to 1840 should stand up 
 during the response. 
 
 Sir J. H. Fisher, with whom stood up about 150 
 persons, responded. After the bursts of cheers which 
 greeted his rising had subsided, he proceeded to thank 
 those present for the reception of the toast — his voice being 
 very imperfectly heard at the reporters' table. There 
 were he said occasions in which it was difficult to express 
 fally the feelings which actuated a person. His position
 
 264 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 that night was peculiar, and looking back upon the past 
 he felt proud at the progress which the last 30 years had 
 developed. He arrived in the colony after a tedious 
 voyage of 152 days, at a time when the country was in 
 its natural state. Fortunately, those associated with him 
 were composed of the very best material for carrying 
 out the enterprise. They were at harmony among them- 
 selves, and they at once settled down in the country. 
 On their first arrival the spot upon which that noble 
 building stood was part of a dense scrub, and he remem- 
 bered perfectly what difficulty he and a friend experienced 
 in finding their way from one side of the town section to 
 the other. Very admirable judgment was displayed in 
 the selection of the site of the capital by Colonel Light, 
 notwithstanding that other places, including Encounter 
 Bay were proposed. So much had been said that evening 
 respecting the progress of the colony that it would be 
 tedious in him to repeat it. He quite coincided in 
 everything that had been said, and he felt proud in 
 having so many old and respected friends, as well as 
 so many young ones around him. With respect to him- 
 self, he took no personal credit for what he had done. 
 He had had the honor of doing something, but he had 
 not been alone. He had ever been associated with those 
 who had made it their object to advance the interests of 
 the colony. He was present at the proclamation of the 
 colony, and had watched it through the various stages of 
 its advancement, and he was delighted at the success it 
 had achieved. He trusted that all present would be 
 stimulated by a desire to assist its progress. The first
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 265 
 
 Corporation met in a little room in Hindley- street to 
 transact civic business, and although, as had been 
 mentioned, the colony after that had to go through diffi- 
 culties, it soon effectually surmounted them, and he 
 believed the success which had marked its career 
 was due to the unparalleled system upon which it was 
 colonized. He sincerely and unfeignedly thanked them 
 on behalf of himself and fellow pioneers.* 
 
 * Abridged from the iS, A. Hegistet: The principal speakers have been given 
 in full.
 
 266 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 The opening of the Town Hall and the festivities 
 with which it had been inaugurated marked a new era in 
 civic affairs. The proceedings of the City Council have 
 assumed a more perfect shape. They are modelled to a 
 large extent upon those of other civic bodies in the 
 mother country, and have become valuable as permanent 
 records and precedents. Since that time independent 
 members of the Legislature have taken more interest in 
 Corporation interests, and the City has been treated more 
 as the metropolis of a great and growing country than 
 as the centre of population only of a petty province. 
 The erection of the Town Hall Buildings in the principal 
 street in the City gave an immense impetus to architec- 
 tural progress in Adelaide. King William- street — 
 although still a long way from being filled with the 
 palatial structures which in other lands would have been 
 reared on the boundaries of one of the widest streets in 
 the world — shows ample evidence that as leases fall in, 
 and opportunity offers for removing comparatively ancient 
 shops and offices, it will assume that aspect which such a 
 thoroughfare ought to present.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE 267 
 
 The first political use which was made of the new 
 edifice was the holding of the nomination for the election 
 of four members to serve in the Legislative Council. 
 The course of proceedings does not concern the City in its 
 corporate capacity, but since then all similar nominations 
 have been held there, and the polling as well. This 
 occurred on the 12th September. On the same day the 
 Right Rev. L. B. Shiel, the newly appointed Roman 
 Catholic Bishop of Adelaide, was formally received bv 
 the Clergy and Laymen of his diocese.* Addresses 
 were presented to him, and great hopes were entertained 
 that his rule over the members of his own church would 
 be productive of as much good feeling between them and 
 the rest of the community, as had been cherished and 
 developed by the late Dr. Murphy. On this point the 
 expectation was for a time realised, but whilst his Lord- 
 ship was by no means vmpopular with the general public 
 unfortunately at a later period differences arose between 
 him and a considerable section of the clergy and laity of 
 his flock ; these need no further reference here. His 
 arrival in Adelaide led to a complete change in the 
 position of the Roman Catholics towards the general 
 government, and through him and the Rev. J. E. Tenison 
 Woods an independent system of education was estab- 
 lished for Catholic children. An attempt was made by 
 the Hon. H. B. T. Strangways to bring about some 
 improvement in the condition of the Adelaide Cemetery, 
 which was not in a state which could reflect much credit 
 
 * The Eight Rev. Dr. Geoghegan, who had succeeded the Right Rev. F. 
 Murj)hy, aftei- a short residence in South Australia, left for Europe and died in 
 Dublin, and for a long time the Catholic Diocese was vacant.
 
 268 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 on the City, though it was not under the control of the 
 Corporation. He moved for correspondence and reports 
 relating to its state, and they were furnished, but the 
 session was too far advanced to permit of any steps 
 being taken to remove the causes of complaint which 
 existed. 
 
 The time for the civic elections came on in December, 
 and Mr. H. K. Fuller was elected Mayor, in the place of 
 Mr. Towusend, and Mr. A. H. Bartels and Mr. J. 
 Wright as Councillors, in the place of Mr. Carlin and 
 Mr. Rankin, who had retired. Mr. Bartels was the first 
 German colonist who had a seat in the City Council. 
 The revenue for the year had amoimted to £36,276. In 
 the total were included, besides the amount received 
 from rates (£8,663 12s. lid.), Government grant-in-aid, 
 £6,286 5s. 6d. ; special vote for improving the banks of 
 the Torrens, and £400 towards the erection of the 
 Torrens Dam, which had been commenced by Mr. W. 
 R. Boothby, the sheriff, by means of the prison labor at 
 the Adelaide Gaol at his disposal. The expenditure on 
 general improvements amounted to £21,299 12s. 7d., of 
 which £11,125 Is. 8d. had been laid out on streets ; on 
 city drainage works, £2,816 13s. ; on the Torrens Banks, 
 £1,021 14s. 4d. ; on the Torrens Dam, £2,184 5s. 3d. ; 
 on improving the Park Lands, £1,627 3s. ; and the 
 balance in sundries. The expenditure on matters not 
 connected with public improvements was thus £14,976 8d., 
 and £9,578 2s. 6d. was due to the Bank. The Town 
 Hall account was not less unsatisfactory. The estimate 
 for the payment of interest and expenses, in reduction of
 
 CITY OP^ ADELAIDE. 269' 
 
 the loan, figured at £1,750 for the year, but this included 
 £360 rent of land which had not been let, whilst the 
 actual outlay was £1,520, thus exceeding the receipts by 
 £130. The Corporation Acre (Town Hall) account 
 showed expenditure £24,596 14s. lOd., including " In- 
 terest and bank commission on loans to date, £3,147 
 15s. 8d." Against this there were £20,000 loan ; pre- 
 miums, interest, and sundries, £1,977 Os. 4d. ; and 
 balance due to City Fund, £1,977 Os. 4d. These 
 remarkable features in the state of the city finances did 
 not attract that attention which subsequent events 
 showed to be necessary. If they had, many difficulties 
 in the afirairs of the Council, and much serious trouble, 
 would have been obviated. 
 
 Notwithstanding the unfavorable position in which 
 the city was placed, the municipal year opened with 
 excellent prospects. The new assessment amounted to 
 £181,388, showing a large increase over that of 1866. 
 The general revenue of the province for that year was 
 the largest that had been received since the foundation 
 of South Australia, and that for 1867 showed then no 
 signs of falling oflT. 
 
 It was thought opportune, under these circumstances, 
 to apply to the Parliament for authority to raise money 
 for draining the city, and a Bill was prepared under 
 which the Corporation sought power to borrow the sum 
 of £80,000. The Bill provided that the Treasurer 
 should supply any default on the part of the Corpora- 
 tion in paying the interest when due, as well as in 
 redeeming any bonds under similar circumstances. A
 
 270 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 certain percentage was also to be put aside out of the 
 city rates, for the purpose of provi^iing a sinking fund 
 to repay the principal as the bonds matured. The 
 financial scheme evidently was not a sound one, for 
 besides introducing the obsolete principle of a sinking 
 fund, discarded by all political financiers, it gave the 
 Government no control over the expenditure, whilst they 
 were responsible for the debt, and it did not provide any 
 special authority to levy a sewerage rate to protect 
 them. The scheme of drainage was to take the sewage 
 matter to the sea by means of deep sewers, bnt no 
 detailed drawings had been laid before Parliament. The 
 project was evidently based upon the Prize Essays on 
 the Drainage and Sewerage of the City of Adelaide, 
 furnished to the Corporation in 1865.* As might have 
 been expected, the Bill was not passed. A similar fate 
 befell another Bill enabling the Corporation to borrow 
 £10,000 " for city purposes" — that is to say, £5,000 
 still due for the erection of the Town Hall, £3,000 for the 
 debt due on account of the City Baths, and £2,000 for 
 objects not specified. The state of the Corporation 
 balance-sheet had formed the subject of some public dis- 
 cussion, and the Parliament was not disposed to permit 
 the Council to increase its debt just then. One Act was 
 passed which was much needed. It provided for the 
 appointment of a Superintendent of Fire Brigades, which 
 enabled some provision to be made against the calamity 
 of fire. An Act was also passed compelling the I'egis- 
 
 * Mr. E. G. Thomas obtained the first prize, Mr. C. T. Hargrave the second. 
 and Mr. Jas. Macgeorge the third.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 271 
 
 tration of dos^s in Adelaide and elsewhere, and an Act to 
 regulate the weights allowed to be carried on vehicles, 
 determined by the width of the tires of the wheels. 
 The two last-mentioned Acts, though relating apparently 
 to trivial matters, have worked a considerable amount of 
 good. 
 
 The special subject of attention to the city of Ade- 
 laide, however, was the expected arrival of His Royal 
 Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, who was deputed on 
 behalf of Her Majesty to pay an official visit to Aus- 
 tralia. This colony was fixed on as the first place of 
 his landing, and His Royal Highness and the ship which 
 he commanded (H.M.S. Galatea) had been expected to 
 arrive in September. The official notification of the 
 visit was sent by message to Parliament by the Governor 
 on the 12th July, and His Excellency recommended the 
 House of Assembly to make suitable provision for the 
 proper reception of His Royal Highness. An open vote 
 was passed authorising the Ministry to expend whatever 
 sum they might deem necessary for the purpose. A 
 Reception Committee was formed, consisting of the 
 members of both Houses of Parliament, the Magistrates, 
 the Mayors of Corporate Towns, and all the colonists of 
 influence and position. Under this was an Executive 
 Committee, the Chairman of which was Mr. H. R. 
 Fuller, M.P., and Mr. R. D. Ross, D.A.C.G., was Hon. 
 Secretary. A programme was arranged so that during 
 the stay of the Prince such varied entertainments should 
 be provided, and such a number of scenes to be visited 
 devised as to aftbrd His Royal Highness the most perfect
 
 272 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 opportunity of seeing the country and of becoming 
 acquainted with the resources of its inhabitants. The 
 ])reparations were carried on with energy, and long 
 before the Prince arrived they had been so nearly com- 
 pleted that a day's notice of the probable time of the 
 Duke's arrival would have been sufficient to finish every- 
 thing. He had been looked for in September, but that 
 month passed away without any news of the Galatea. 
 October came, but the overland mail, which arrived on 
 the 11th of that month, brought no tidings. The Cape 
 mail had unaccountably been left behind, and all was 
 in the most annoying state of uncertainty. At last news 
 reached Adelaide from Sydney, brought by H.M.S. 
 Virago, that the Prince would sail from the Cape of 
 Good Hope on the 25th September. In order that due 
 notice might be given of the arrival of the Galatea in 
 the Gulf, signals had been arranged to announce it at the 
 earliest possible moment. Commander Hutchinson, R.N., 
 on duty in the Admiralty Survey schooner Beatrice, was 
 instructed to look out for her while cruising in the Gulf, 
 so as to signal her by night or by day, and a similar 
 duty was undertaken by the pilot boats. The 28th 
 October arrived, and the overland mail steamer, 
 which sailed on that day, was authorised, if she 
 met the Duke's ship, to take from her any 
 letters which the Royal party might desire to forward. 
 It had been arranged that when the vessel was signalled, 
 three ouns were to be fired on the South Park Lands to. 
 announce the welcome intelhgence. On the evening of 
 the 27th, some mischievous persons got access to the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIi:>E. 273 
 
 signal guns and fired two of them — the third missed — • 
 and Adelaide was put for more than an hour into a state 
 of excitement. The hoax was soon discovered, and 
 everyone relapsed into a gloomier state of uncertainty 
 than before. The good ship, however, came to anchor 
 unperceived on the night of the 29th of October. It had 
 been arranged by the Reception Committee that a day 
 should elapse between the time of the Galatea's arrival 
 and the official landing of the Royal visitor, so as to 
 enable the Reception Committee to complete those 
 portions of the decoration of the City of Adelaide which 
 had unavoidably been left over until the last moment. 
 Early on the 30th Mr. D. D. Daly, the Governor's 
 private secretary, Mr. R. D. Ross, hon. sec. to the 
 Reception Committee, and Major Lucas, A.D.C. (late 
 40th Regiment) proceeded to Glenelg to wait upon His 
 Royal Highness and receive his instructions. Before 
 they could reach the Bay, they were met by the Hon. 
 Elliot Yorke, one of the Prince's e([uerries, and Viscount 
 Newry, who were proceeding to Government House to 
 wait upon the Governor. The party from Adelaide 
 returned with their visitors, who remained with the 
 Governor during the greater part of the day. Late in 
 the afternoon the equerry in waiting and Lord Newry 
 returned to the ship, and the landing was fixed to take place 
 at 2 p.m. on the following day. The time for the Royal 
 landing being positively known every effort was made to 
 complete the decorations of those streets through which 
 the Prince's cortege was to pass. The route by which 
 the procession was to enter Adelaide was from the jetty
 
 274 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 at Glenelg, along the Bay Road, to the junction of South 
 and West Terraces — along South Terrace to the termina- 
 tion of King William Street south — along that street, 
 round the eastern side of Victoria Square — along King 
 William Street north, between the new Post Office and 
 the Government Offices, past the Town Hall to the 
 entrance of the Government Domain and to Government 
 House. 
 
 In anticipation of His Royal Highness's visit, the 
 viceregal seat had been newly decorated, and one wing 
 set apart for the use of the Duke of Edinburgh. This 
 portion of the building had been entirely refurnished in 
 the most costly and elegant manner. The furniture was 
 made in the colony ; and for taste and workmanship 
 could not be excelled even in England. A stud of 
 splendid horses and suitable carriages had been provided 
 for the Prince, and a large building, originally intended 
 as a drill- shed for the volunteer force, was converted 
 into a roomy and well-appointed stable for the horses of 
 the royal party. These portions of the arrangements 
 had been completed some time before the Galatea came 
 into the Bay, and there was nothing left to be done at 
 the last moment. Out of doors it was otherwise ; work- 
 men were busy giving the finishing-touches to the 
 triumphal arches. The trophies — the flags attached to 
 which got hard usage in the squally weather that had 
 prevailed — required to be put in order again, and the 
 festoons of evergreens which were to fringe the streets 
 were not yet hung in their places. It seemed, indeed, 
 that the time alloted for the completion of the work was
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 275 
 
 all too short; but everyone worked as if he meant it, and 
 the morning of the 31st found everything in admirable 
 order. 
 
 The first formal, or perhaps official decoration, was 
 at the south-west corner of the city. Here was a 
 triumphal arch of three bays, the centre one 30 feet wide 
 by 35 feet high, and the side openings 15 feet by 24 feet 
 high, topped by cloth of scarlet and gold. Above all 
 floated two Koyal standards, besides innumerable flags of 
 various colors and shapes. This arch was not by any 
 means pretentious, but its general effect was excellent. 
 Along South-terrace to King William-street the private 
 houses were all decorated ; floral wreaths and festoons 
 were in profusion; initials of the Prince and Queen, 
 balconies, and flags, met the eye at every step, and gave 
 that quiet part of the city a lively appearance. These 
 efibrts, cordial though they might be, of course could 
 not vie with the elaborate works of the Reception 
 Committee, for near the entrance of King William-street 
 the city pageantry opened out to view. It was at this 
 point that the Mayor and City Council were to welcome 
 His Royal Highness to Adelaide. A triumphal arch 
 had been erected here, the principal opening of which 
 was thirty feet wide by forty feet in height, with side 
 arches of proportionate dimensions, giving the whole 
 structure a total width of ninety feet. It was profusely 
 covered with green boughs, and surmounted with flag- 
 staffs, topped with ferns, displaying a wonderful variety 
 of national flags. At the springing of the arches there 
 were panels covered with red and yellow cloth, while
 
 276 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 festoons and garlands of flowers were suspended all 
 about, which added an additional charm to the really fine 
 effect of the structure. Some time before the City 
 Council had made a nice wide path through the centre of 
 Victoria-square, so that from the south end of King 
 William-street there was a clear vista of more than half 
 a mile down to the last triumphal arch and the Govern- 
 ment domain. The sight from this point was really 
 splendid, for after passing round Victoria-square, which 
 had no special decorations worth noting, the elaborate 
 preparations of King William-street north came full in 
 sight- The inhabitants had done their utmost to add 
 variety to the scene, and the balconies they had erected 
 over the footpaths, all covered with different hues of 
 cloth, made really a fine relief to the formal embellish- 
 ments of this thoroughfare erected by the Reception 
 Committee. The street on each side was lined with 
 flagstaffs surmounted with spear heads ; on each of these 
 at rather less than midway up there was a shield, above 
 which rose a cluster of flags of different colors and 
 designs, the ends of which were gathered together so as 
 to form a very tasteful trophy; between the poles at 
 regular intervals were placed pedestals, on which rested 
 very handsome vases filled with flowers. Each flagstaff 
 had a flag hoisted on it, and chains of flowers united the 
 tops of these from one end of the street to the other ; in 
 the bight of each chain hung a parti-colored flag thrown 
 on it with studied negligence, and which effectually did 
 away with the least trace of monotony in the design. 
 At every house where it could be done a flagstaff was
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 277, 
 
 erected, showing an endless variety of colors of England 
 and of other nations, besides flags owning no charac- 
 teristic beyond that which was derived ft'om the taste or 
 caprice of the maker. 
 
 At the end of King William-street, at the junction 
 with North-terrace, the last triumphal arch was erected. 
 This was a most elegant structure. Its external height 
 over all was 70 feet, and under the arch 45 feet, with 40 
 feet of clear roadway. The framework was covered 
 with a light kind of material, which gave it the appear- 
 ance of solidity which boughs and evergreens cannot 
 approach. At the front, back, and sides were pillars of 
 open work, gilt, rising over 30 feet in height, on open 
 trellised pedestals covered with flowers and evergreens, 
 and on which rested shields bearing the royal arms and 
 other devices. The outlines of the arch were bordered 
 with flowers, and in front and back appeared the word 
 '' Welcome." The panels at the side of the arch bore 
 the royal initials, and the whole was crowned by the 
 arms of the Duke of Edinburgh, behind which were 
 trophies of flags most tastefully arranged. Round the 
 platform at the top on which the last rested, banners 
 were fixed wherever available space could be found. 
 
 In Hindley-street and Rundle-street, which join King 
 William-street from the west and east not far from the 
 arch, the Reception Committee had done nothing, as 
 neither of these thoroughfares were in the line of the 
 procession ; but tradesmen and shopkeepers in both were 
 determined not to be outdone even by the authorities. 
 The footways were lined with flags and banners, the
 
 278 CITT OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 verandah -posts were covered with evergreens and 
 flowers; gas devices of the most elaborate kind, alter- 
 nating with transparencies, were seen almost from end to 
 end of the streets. Variegated lamps, colored lamps, 
 Chinese lanterns, flower wreaths stretching from side to 
 side of the streets, afibrded a view inferior perhaps in 
 conception to that of King William-street, but pictu- 
 resque without formality, and effective without preten- 
 sion. Of the rest of the city little need be said, except 
 that even in the least frequented parts some attempt at 
 display was seen. The mania for bunting had extended 
 even to the children, and one enterprising man made a 
 good thing by printing Union Jacks and Tricolors of 
 small size to meet the immense demand on their account. 
 In order to make the city decoration complete, illu- 
 minations on a large scale had been projected. The 
 whole of the Government establishments were covered 
 with fittings, and in nearly every case the pip es followed 
 their various architectural features so as to trace out the 
 whole of the buildings in lines of fire. All the private 
 houses on the eastern side of King William-street to 
 Rundle-street were united in one grand design, the regu- 
 larity of which was occasionally broken by the introduc- 
 duction of stars and transparencies. The Banks were 
 covered with devices; those of the Union Bank, the 
 So nth Australian, and the Bank of Australasia being 
 most elegant. In many of the illuminations the 
 orthodox gaspipe had been done away with, and a most 
 effective substitute adopted. Boxes of sheet iron, about 
 two inches deep, with designs perforated in the outer
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 279 
 
 face, were erected, and being kept supplied with gas, 
 were found to answer admirably. In the night the 
 beautiful scrolls, anchors, stars, and crowns were the 
 theme of universal admiration. 
 
 The device in front of the Town Hall was chiefly 
 distinguished by an enormous star, twenty-five feet 
 across, which was most brilliant. When the gas-fitting 
 arrangements had proceeded to a considerable extent 
 doubts were expressed that the supply of gas would be 
 insuflficient. The Gas Company being applied to, inti- 
 mated that they could supply all the demands for which 
 they had so far arranged, but they would not enter into 
 any fresh or more extended arrangements. As the 
 devices on the different buildings were completed, they 
 were tried in turn. The effect was not very en- 
 couraging. Some of the supply pipes were too small, 
 and there appeared to be an insufficient pressure of gas. 
 These defects were remedied in due course, but in order 
 to guard against the possibility of failure, certain of the 
 Government buildings were lighted only on special occa- 
 sions. This not only relieved the Gas Company to a 
 great extent, but left private persons free to make the 
 most of their own illuminations. The appearance of the 
 different Government establishments when illuminated 
 was certainly most creditable, and did honor to the good 
 taste of the Colonial Architect's department. The only 
 thing to be regretted was that they could not be lighted 
 up all at onoe.
 
 280 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 Such were the preparations tor the decoration of the 
 City of Adelaide which had been made to do honor to 
 Prince Alfred. Whatever else might have been wanting 
 in the shape of external effect was supplied by the 
 honest enthusiasm with which he was greeted by the 
 thousands who had assembled to witness his entry into 
 the capital of the colony. A description of his landing 
 and reception at Glenelg has no proper place in these 
 pages. He landed punctually at 2 p.m., as he had 
 appointed, and after passing along the route prescribed, 
 reached the south-west boundary of the city at about 
 3 p.m. The following was the order of procession as 
 arranged : — 
 
 Colonel Mayo. 
 Advanced guard of Cavalry, in charge of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Higgins, and Adjutant Perryman. 
 Sir J. H. Fisher and the Hon. J. Baker, representing 
 
 Executive Committee of Reception. 
 
 The next carriage contained Messrs. Hart, Townseud, 
 
 M.P., Souttar, and Colley.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 281. 
 
 Then followed the carriage with His Royal Highness and 
 
 His Excellency, Viscount Newry and the Hon. 
 
 Elliot Yorke, escorted by a guard of honor of the 
 
 Reedbeds Cavalry, under command of Lieut. Beck 
 
 Mr. Haig, Mr. Brierly, and Commander Hutchison. 
 
 The Chief Secretary, Colonel Hamley, the Private 
 
 Secretary, Major Lucas ( Aide-de-Camp), and 
 
 Captain Deering (Aide-de-Camp). 
 
 The Bishop, accompanied by Dean Farrell and Canon 
 
 Marryat. 
 The Treasurer, Attorney-General, Commissioner of 
 
 Crown Lands, and Commissioner of Public Works. 
 The President and several members of the Legislative 
 
 Council. 
 The Speaker. 
 The Assembly. 
 Heads of Departments, including the Auditor- General 
 and Postmaster-General. 
 The Kapunda and Gawler Corporations. 
 The following gentlemen, members of the Committee 
 of Management, were present in other parts of the 
 procession : — E. W. Andrews, Mayor of Glenelg ; Hon. 
 C. H. Bagot, M.L.C. ; Hon. J. T. Bagot, M.L.C. ; Hon. 
 J. H. Barrow, M.L.C. ; Hon. Arthur Blyth, M.P. ; 
 Neville Blyth ; J. Colton, M.P. ; A. S. Clark, 
 W. J. Crawford, W. Duffield, M.P., S. Daven- 
 port, J. G. Daly, B. Douglas, Thomas Graves, Alex. 
 Hay, M.P. ; George Hamilton, Hon. Wm. Milne, M.P. ; 
 R. I. Stow, M.P. ; Dr. Schomburgk, and Samuel 
 Tomkinson.
 
 282 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Some little confusion prevented its being strictlj 
 observed, but nothing occurred to mar its general eflPect. 
 At the entrance to the city an immense crowd of people 
 had assembled, and before the arrival of the cortege 
 about 1,500 members of the different Friendly Societies 
 arrived on the ground, and after being marshalled, pro- 
 ceeded down South-ten ace to King William-street. The 
 procession did not step at the first arch, but proceeded 
 to the second arch in King William-street, where the 
 Mayor (Mr. H. 11. Fuller, M.P.) and the City Coun- 
 cillors were waiting to present the address of the 
 Corporation to the Prince. Two raised platforms had 
 been erected underneath the centre arch, that on the 
 right being occupied by the Mayor and Councillors and 
 the Corporation officials, that on the left being set apart 
 for ladies. The procession halted at this spot, and the 
 Mayor and Council advanced to the Prince's carriage. 
 The Mayor, addressing His Royal Highness, said : — 
 
 "Sir — The Corporation of Adelaide, on behalf of the 
 citizens, are desirous of presenting your Royal High- 
 ness with an address welcoming you to their city, 
 and expressing their deep reverence and loyalty to their 
 Most Gracious Queen, which they trust you will deign 
 to receive. With your permission I will ask the Town 
 Clerk to read it." 
 
 The Town Clerk then read as follows : — 
 
 "To His Royal Highness Prince Alfred, Duke of 
 Edinburgh, K.G., &c., &c., &c. 
 
 " May it please your Royal Highness — 
 " We, the Mayor and Councillors of the City of Ade-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 283 
 
 laide, on behalf of the general body of citizens, welcome 
 your Royal Highness to the capital of South Australia. 
 
 " We assure your Royal Highness of our loyal and 
 dutiful attachment to Her Majesty's throne and person, 
 and our veneration for the laws and institutions of the 
 parent State ; and believing that they furnish a complete 
 security for the freedom of the people, we seek at all 
 times to adopt them as a model for ourselves. 
 
 " Though separated from Great Britain by many 
 thousands of miles, we have lost none of our attachment 
 to the mother country, and have no doubt that the strong 
 ties that unite so many dependencies to the British 
 Crown, will receive additional strength from the visit of 
 your Royal Highness to the Australias. 
 
 " H. R. Fuller, Mayor. 
 
 " W. A. Hughes, Town Clerk. 
 
 "Town Hall, Adelaide, 1867." 
 
 This having been done. His Worship placed the 
 address in an elegant silver casket, and handed it on a 
 handsome crimson velvet cushion to His Royal Highness, 
 saying — * 
 
 " May I now be permitted to offer my own personal 
 congratulations to your Royal Highness on your safe 
 arrival in South Australia, and to express a hope that 
 your stay amongst us will be as agreeable and pleasant 
 to yourself as it is the desire of all classes of the com- 
 munity it should be." 
 
 * This casket, together with other presentations from the colonists, was 
 afterwards exhibited in the Arts Department of the South Kensington Museum, 
 London.
 
 284 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 ^ — - • - ... - _-^ ___ _ _ _ -■ — -j_ .■_■ , ^ ,— — ^-; — ^ -. m^:m:" , - ,.zzz^ 
 
 The Duke of Edinburgh requested His Worship to 
 take charge of the casket and forward it to Government 
 House. He then rose to reply, and was interrupted by 
 hearty cheers from the populace, which he politely 
 acknowledged, and then read the following reply in a 
 clear voice: — 
 
 " Gentlemen — I thank you for the warm reception I 
 have just met with in this influential capital of South 
 Australia. 
 
 " It will be my pleasing duty to communicate to the 
 Queen the assurance of the strong attachment which 
 exists towards your Sovereign and the mother country 
 in this distant part of Her Majesty's dominions, where I 
 feel certain that the affectionate ties which bind you to 
 the " Old Country" require no additional strength. 
 
 " I thank you once more for your welcome to this 
 
 city. 
 
 " Alfred." 
 
 On the halting of the Duke's carriage there was a 
 
 slight rush of the bystanders to witness the ceremony, 
 
 but the crowd, though large, caused no inconvenience. 
 
 After the address had been read the cavalcade proceeded, 
 
 the crowd closing in after it to be present at the singing 
 
 of " God Save the Queen " by the Sunday School 
 
 children. For some days previous these little colonists 
 
 had been in training under Mr. George Loder, and well 
 
 had he acquitted himself of his task. Around the spot 
 
 which had been selected for the site of the Victoria 
 
 Tower of the new Post OflSce a gigantic balcony had 
 
 been raised, facing to the south and east in a semicircle,
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 285 
 
 and rising tier upon tier nearly forty feet high. In this 
 were assembled 4,070 children, gathered from the various 
 Sunday-schools in and about Adelaide, marshalled by 
 their respective teachers, and all under the direction of 
 Mr. Loder. Long before the Duke left Glenelg they 
 had assembled, and without confusion or disorder had 
 ranged themselves in their respective places. Looking 
 from Victoria-square the splendid gathering of well- 
 dressed and well-conducted children — boys and girls — 
 looked like a huge bouquet of flowers. In the wonderful 
 mixture of costumes and colors the identity of the little 
 ones was lost. An occasional movement or fluttering was 
 observed amongst them as some of the most eager stood 
 up to see if they could see the Prince coming ; but this 
 passed like a gentle breeze across a flower-bed, and they 
 relapsed into quiet but earnest expectation. 
 
 The booming of the guns on the rifle practice ground 
 on the South Park Lands which announced the Prince's 
 entrance into the city had hardly ceased when the 
 bells at the Town Hall rang out a loud and musical 
 peal of welcome. Presently a movement was per- 
 ceptible at the second arch. A cloud of dust heralded 
 the onward march of the advanced guard of cavalry. 
 Slowly they came along to Victoria-square, and slower 
 still round its eastern side, for the people were coming 
 together thicker and faster, until the Prince's carriage 
 stopped near the platform where the children were. 
 Cheers and counter-cheers had filled the air as the pro- 
 cession had entered the city to this point, and even the 
 children had joined in the enthusiasm until the carriages
 
 286 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 stopped. Then, without faltering or delay, the first 
 notes were poured forth in a low tone, but swelling until 
 the whole 4,070 voices were as one, singing from the 
 heart that hymn of loyalty which greeted the son of 
 England's Queen. 
 
 The effect of this chorale was wonderful. It awed 
 all other sounds into silence. Even those who were 
 most anxious to press forward to see the Prince stood 
 still, and remained so for a short time after the last note 
 had died away. The Prince, and indeed all the 
 assembled multitudes, remained uncovered during the 
 singing, and when it had ceased, a cheer — such a cheer 
 as had never before been heard in South Australia — 
 rang through the city. The song was heard for nearly 
 two miles from Adelaide as it was borne eastward with 
 the breeze ; but the cheer, not indeed as musical, but as 
 honest and heartfelt, was heard even at a greater dis- 
 tance, and told of the loyalty and affection of the people 
 of Australia to the Ruler of Great Britain, and to that 
 great nation from which they derived their origin, their 
 institutions, and the self-reliance which had made the 
 colony what it is. 
 
 The procession moved on, and the passage from the 
 new Post- Office to Government House was one grand 
 ovation. The people in the balconies cheered and waved 
 their handkerchiefs; the crowds which lined the foot- 
 paths pressed on with eagerness, but without disorder ; 
 everywhere was enthusiasm and general delight. The 
 guns from the battery on North-terrace announced the
 
 CITY OF ADBLAIDTi:. 287 
 
 Duke's arrival at Government House, where he was 
 received by a guard of honor of the 50th Regiment, and 
 the Prince was at last at home in South Australia. 
 
 In the afternoon, after resting himself, His Royal 
 Highness drove out into the suburbs, to the east of Ade- 
 laide, towards Payneham and Campbelltown, and in the 
 evening was present at a state dinner at Government 
 House. The members of the Ministry, the Lord Bishop 
 of Adelaide, the Judges, Colonel Hamley, 50th Regt., 
 Commandant of the Forces, Captain Hutchinson, R.N., 
 the Prince's Suite, the Governor's Staff, some members 
 of His Excellency's family, and a few private gentlemen, 
 had the honor of being invited. The day, though fine, 
 had entailed upon the Prince a considerable amount of 
 work, and the party broke up early. 
 
 The illuminations during the evening were general, 
 and altogether most successful, though for reasons 
 already stated some of the principal Government estab- 
 lishments were not lighted up. The great sight, how- 
 ever, was the crowd in the streets. The passage of 
 carriages through the main thoroughfares had been pro- 
 hibited during the night of the illumination, so that both 
 roadway and footpath were covered with spectators; in 
 fiict there were more people out than even in the day 
 time. Although the largest assemblage that ever met 
 together in Adelaide, there was not the slightest appear- 
 ance of disorder or drunkenness ; and there was not one 
 single instance of misbehaviour of any kind brought 
 before the Police Magistrate next morning. 
 
 In order that a public memorial should remain of the
 
 288 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 visit of the Duke of Edinburgh, it was determined by 
 the Reception Committee to ask His Royal Highness to 
 lay the foundation-stone of the tower of the new Post- 
 OfHce, which it was intended to name the Victoria 
 Tower, in honor of his royal mother. The day after his 
 landing was fixed upon as the most suitable time. His 
 Royal Highness cheerfully fell in with the wishes of the 
 Committee, and fixed half-past 2 on the 1st November 
 for the ceremony. Previous to this he had to suffer that 
 ordeal which happily Governors of colonies undergo but 
 once a year. A levee at Government House took place 
 at noon. At the annual ceremonial on the Queen's 
 Birthday there is generally a large attendance, but on 
 this occasion, of course, an unusual number of visitors 
 was expected. The Governor's levee is over generally 
 in about half an hour. The Prince's reception took 
 more than an hour and a half ; indeed it was found 
 necessary to make a break in the ceremony to give His 
 Royal Highness a few moments rest, for, besides the 
 gentlemen who are usually present on occasions of this 
 kind, a number of Friendly, Charitable, and other 
 Societies attended to deliver addresses of congratulation 
 and welcome. As might have been expected, their 
 ranks were swelled by every member who could in any 
 way contrive to put in an appearance. The scene, 
 however, was a brilliant one ; such a varied collection of 
 costumes had never before graced the reception-room at 
 Government House. The Prince was attended by the 
 Governor, and surrounded by the dignitaries — ecclesias-
 
 crrr of adjslaij)e. 28.9 
 
 tical, legal, naval, military, and civil, in the colony — all 
 in official robes or uniforms, and in greater number than 
 had ever assembled at the viceregal residence. 
 
 The great memorial which marks the Royal Duke's 
 visit is the foundation-stone of the Post-Office, which 
 was laid by His Royal Highness. The ceremony took 
 place in the presence of more than 3,000 persons. It 
 bears the following inscription : — 
 
 VICTORIA TOWER. 
 
 THIS STONE WAS LAID 
 BY 
 
 H.R.H. THE Duke of Edinburgh, K.G., 
 On the 5th day of November, 
 
 MDCCCLXVII. 
 
 The Prince was accompanied by his own suite and 
 by the Governor, Sir D. Daly, and suite. An address 
 was read by the Hon. P. Santo, at that time Commis- 
 sioner of Public Works. The Prince briefly expressed 
 the satisfaction he felt at being called upon to lay the 
 stone by which the building would be inaugurated. Mr. 
 R. G. Thomas, F.R.I A., Colonial Architect, read a copy 
 of the record, which was placed in a cavity made for the 
 purpose in the stone. It contained the names of the 
 Governor, the legal, clerical, military, and other public 
 functionaries, with those of the architects (Messrs. 
 E. W. Wright and E. J. Woods) and of the builders 
 (Messrs. Brown and Thompson). With the record were 
 deposited specimens of the coins current in the province 
 and the journals of the day. The whole were covered
 
 290 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 with a sheet of plate-glass cemented into the stone 
 itself, which was of Macclesfield marble, decorated with 
 a carved border. The builders presented to his Royal 
 Highness a handsome trowel made of South Australian 
 gold, and tastefully jewelled. The usual formalities 
 having been concluded, vociferous cheers were given for 
 the Prince, who returned to Government House. In the 
 evening the Governor entertained a large party, and the 
 German citizens and many residents in the suburbs 
 greeted His Royal Highness with a torchlight procession. 
 There were more than 600 torch bearers. The Lieder- 
 tafel sang several national airs, after which an address 
 was presented by Dr. Schomburgk, Mr. A. von Treuer 
 (Prussian Consul), and Mr. C. Balk, to which the Prince 
 gave a brief reply. The address was enclosed in a 
 casket made of blackwood, inlaid with between thirty 
 and forty different kinds of colonial wood, and shaped so 
 AS to bear the form of a lighted torch. This demonstra- 
 tion was one of the most effective that the Prince had 
 seen. On the following day a review was held on the 
 North Park Lands of the Adelaide Volunteers, and the 
 detachment of the 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment 
 stationed in Adelaide. There were about 750 men of all 
 ranks present. The brigade was commanded by Colonel 
 Hamley, 50th Regiment, assisted by Colonel J. H. Biggs 
 (late captain 49th Regiment) ; Lieutenant- Colonel Mayo 
 commanded the Volunteer Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Hiofgins the Cavalry, and Lieutenant- Colonel Matthews 
 was in charge of the Artillery.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 291 
 
 Shortly after 12 o'clock the Prince, escorted by a 
 detachment of cavalry, made his appearance on the 
 ground. He was dressed in the uniform of a colonel in 
 the Prussian Guards, and was accompanied by Lord 
 Xewry, Lieutenant Haig, R.E., and the Hon. Elliott 
 York, Equerries; Captain Taylor, R.M., Lieutenant 
 FitzGeorge, R,.N., the Hon. Mr. Curzon, R.N., Mr. 
 Brierly, Captain Deering, A.D.C., Messrs. D. G. and 
 J. G. Daly, George Hamilton, Commissioner of Police, 
 and R. D. Ross, D.A.C.G. On arriving on the ground 
 the Prince was received with great cheering, and he 
 proceeded with his staff to ride along the line both front 
 and rear. After the inspection was over and he had 
 j-eached the saluting flag, the troops marched past in 
 slow and then in quick time, saluting the Prince as they 
 passed him. They were preceded by the Adelaide 
 Regimental Band and the Band belonging to the Artillery 
 Corps. The Duke seemed much pleased with the steady 
 behaviour of the men and the creditable way in which 
 the evolutions were performed. The brigade then 
 formed a square, open towards the north, into the 
 centre of which the royal party advanced. The drums 
 belonging to the regiment had been piled up, and on 
 them rested the colors which were about to be presented. 
 The Lord Bishop of Adelaide fDr. Short), assisted by 
 the Ven. Archdeacon Woodcock, read the religious part 
 of the ceremony, commencing with the 46th Psalm, and 
 concluding with a suitable prayer. The ensigns then 
 advanced and knelt in front of His Ro^^al Highness, and 
 the Mayor, on beJialf of Mrs. Fuller, requested Hi»
 
 292 CITT OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Royal Highness to present the colors to the regiment,* 
 and asked that in future it might be known as " Prince 
 Alfred's Own Regiment of Rifle Volunteers." The Duke 
 having signified his consent, the colors were handed to 
 the ensigns, who returned with them to the regiment. 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Mayo, in command of the regiment, 
 briefly returned thanks to His Royal Highness for the 
 honor conferred upon them. In presenting the colors, 
 the Prince expressed himself pleased to see that the 
 defence of the colony was entrusted to such good 
 hands; and he said he was sure if ever it was necessary 
 to take these colors into action the regiment would 
 behave as British soldiers always did, and would make a 
 name that those who came after them would be proud 
 of. The men present then gave three hearty cheers 
 and reformed into line. As soon as the military display 
 was over there was an exhibition of athletic sports on 
 the Cricket Ground by the members of the Adelaide 
 Amateur Athletic Club, consisting of running, jumping, 
 leaping, putting the stone, and the usual course of feats 
 of the kind. In the evening the Prince attended the 
 Victoria Theatre to witness an amateur performance by 
 the officers of the 50th Regiment. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 10th November, His Royal High- 
 ness paid a private visit to the Botanical Gardens for the 
 purpose of planting a tree as a memorial of his visit to 
 South Australia. The gardens are managed by a 
 Curator under a Committee, consisting of the Mayor, the 
 
 * They were most ex({uisitely embroidered by Mrs. Tliomas, wife of Mr. K. 
 Heard Thomas, of the Union Lank of Aubtralia.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 29o 
 
 City Members, the President of the Agricultural Society, 
 and a few gentlemen appointed by the Governor. They 
 were first laid out by Mr. G. Francis, F.H.S., and it was 
 wonderful what he did in a short time with a moderate 
 amount of money. At his death they were placed under 
 the charge of Dr. Schomburgk, by whom they have 
 been much improved. They are about sixty acres in 
 extent, and have lakes, plantations, avenues, conserva- 
 tories, palm houses, and fountains, all arranged with 
 admirable taste and judgment. 
 
 On alighting at the Garden gates the Duke was 
 received by the Curator, who conducted him round 
 the gardens and through the conservatories, aud 
 after spending some time in examining the various 
 remarkable plants, proceeded to the spot which 
 had been fixed on for the planting of the trees. 
 There a number of ladies had assembled. Three 
 holes had been prepared and three small trees were 
 in readiness to be placed in the ground. The first 
 plant a cedrus deodora was placed in the first hole, and 
 having been surrounded with earth by His Royal 
 Highness, the spade was handed to Lord Newry, who 
 planted a cupressiis Knighti% the implement was then 
 taken by the Hon. Mr. Yorke, who planted a cupre^sus 
 Lindleyana. After the usual three cheers, the party 
 proceeded to the Curator's residence, where a certificate 
 of the planting of the trees was entered in the book of 
 the Botanical Gardens' Committee and signed bv His 
 Royal Highness, Lord Newry, and Mr. Yorke.
 
 294 CITY Oy ADELAIDE. 
 
 The evening of the 5th November was devoted to a 
 City Ball — the largest and most magnificent that had 
 l)een given in the province. Of the Hall it need only be 
 said that it required no decoration ; the only ornament 
 introduced was a cut glass star of the Order of the 
 Garter, lighted up from behind, at the east end, and a 
 })artition of large mirrors and evergreens which hid the 
 orchestra from view. There were more than 900 
 persons present. The building which had been erected 
 for a market formed the supper room. No one who 
 saw it as it was handed over to tlie Reception Committee 
 could have believed that it was capable of such a meta- 
 morphosis as it had undergone. The result was so striking 
 as to call forth the most unqualified expressions of 
 admiration from the Duke of Edinburgh, and from all 
 who had an opportunity of seeing it. The decorations 
 were carried out under the direction principally of 
 Mr. J. H. Parr and Mr. Pulsford, one of the City 
 Council. The walls were covered with flags, shrubs, 
 and flowers harmoniously intermingled. The pillars 
 which supported the roof were dressed round with leaves 
 of the iris and other plants, so as to give them the 
 appearance of the trunks of tropical trees. The roof 
 was tastefully colored, and flags and wreaths of flowers 
 were suspended from every available point. At one end 
 appeared the Australian arms, and stars formed of 
 ramrods, swords, and bayonets ; and at the other the 
 escutcheon of the Duke of Edinburgh, with trophies of 
 weapons on either side, illuminated by horizontal gas 
 stars, tastefully shaped in brass, depending from the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 295 
 
 ceiling. At tlie eastern side there was a dais, raised 
 slightly above the ground, and fitted up for the Prince 
 and his suite. The remainder of the space was occupied 
 by the tables, laid out most elegantly, and covered with a 
 profusion of all the delicacies which the season of the year 
 afforded. It was arranged so as to contain 400 guests 
 at one time, without any inconvenience or crowding. 
 The entrance to this apartment was through the City 
 Council Chamber, across a yard ; but this had been 
 covered in and decorated in a most charming manner. 
 At the south end there was a perfect fairy grotto, 
 covered with moss, in the centre of which a fountain was 
 playing ; the background was formed of rare shrubs. 
 Above these was a cut glass device, illuminated from 
 behind, shewing the Prince's initials in colors ; and at 
 the opposite end a small bower of shrubs surrounding a 
 bust of Her Majesty the Queen, above which there was 
 a cut glass star, also illuminated from behind. The 
 really beautiful effect of this arrangement was consider- 
 ably heightened by the dim and irregular light which 
 shone through the glass designs at either end. The 
 Governor was unable to be present in consequence of 
 illness, but the success which attended the entertainment 
 was complete. The only toast proposed at the supper 
 was that of " The Queen," by the Hon. H. Ayers, Chief 
 Secretary. The Duke replied very briefly, and in such 
 a way as to confine the speech-making to the one toast. 
 The visitors did not separate till nearly 5 next morning. 
 Other festivities in connection with the royal visit 
 took place, but those which concern the city only need
 
 296 CITY OF ad^:laji»k 
 
 find a place here. A civic dinner was part of the pro- 
 gramme of the Reception Committee, and it took place 
 on the 9th November — the Lord Mayor's day of the 
 metropolis of the world, and at the same time the birthday 
 of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. Mr. H. R. Fuller, the 
 Mayor, had the honor of being the first civic dignitary 
 who entertained royalty in Australia, and not only the 
 first Prince of the blood who had passed south of the 
 Line, but in the first corporate city that had been estab- 
 lished within the Imperial British colonial possessions. 
 
 The guests began to assemble at about 7 o'clock, 
 and after paying their respects to His Worship the 
 Mayor, were ushered to the seats appropriated to them 
 at the different tables. Before the guests of the even- 
 ing arrived about six hundred gentlemen were seated. 
 The gallery at the end of the large hall was filled with 
 ladies, who, although not uncared for in their temporary 
 isolation, by custom were excluded from direct partici- 
 pation in the civic feast. The guests included the 
 Ministry, the Judges, the Bishop and clergy of the 
 Church of England, the Vicar- General and clergy of 
 the Roman Catholic Church, the ministers of the 
 Church of Scotland and of the various religious deno- 
 minations in Adelaide. The Hon. J. Morphett, President, 
 and the members of the Legislative Council, the Hon. G, 
 S. Kingston, Speaker, and the members of the House of 
 Assembly, Sir J. H. Fisher, the Magistrates, the heads 
 of departments, and other members of the Civil Service, 
 and the leading merchants and citizens of Adelaide and 
 the Port A number of the officers of the Galatea wei'e
 
 CITY 0¥ ADELAIDE. 297 
 
 also present, as well as Colonel Hamley and the officers 
 of the 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment, and the officers 
 of Prince Alfred's Own Regiment of Volunteers. 
 Altogether over 600 guests sat down to dinner. 
 
 At 8 o'clock the Prince arrived, and was saluted bv a 
 detachment of the Volunteer Regiment, consisting of 
 two companies under Colonel Mayo and Major Clark. 
 He was ushered into the large hall by twelve 
 gentlemen in waiting, where he was received by His 
 Worship the Mayor, by whom he was accompanied to 
 the dais. The piper of the Scottish Volunteer Com- 
 pany, with his pipes, preceded His Royal Highness. It 
 is hardly necessary to say that the bill of fare was as 
 profuse and varied as it could be, and that it left nothing 
 to be desired. 
 
 After dinner was over the " Non nobis " was sung, 
 and the Mayor handed the loving cup to His Royal 
 Highness, having drank Health and Welcome to his 
 guests. The usual loyal and patriotic toasts having been 
 duly honored. 
 
 His Worship the Mayor proposed " His Royal 
 Highness the Duke of Edinburgh," and said — " In 
 availing myself of the high privilege of proposing the 
 health of the Duke of Edinburgh, I may be permitted 
 to hope His Royal Highness will not estimate our 
 loyalty only by the quantity of words we use, for in this 
 distant part of the world, where we are engaged in 
 turning the wilderness into a garden, which we pray luaj' 
 long remain under Her Majesty's most gracious rule, we 
 have not had the same opportunity of studying the
 
 298 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 graces of literature or the refinements of language as 
 the people of older countries, and therefore we hope His 
 Royal Highness will see that our words proceed from 
 our hearts and not from our lips alone. And I am only 
 representing the feelings of every colonist when I assure 
 His Royal Highness that in no part of her dominions has 
 Her Majesty more loyal, faithful subjects than in South 
 Australia. (Loud and prolonged cheers.) In welcoming 
 him to these shores we are not only desirous of showing 
 our admiration for one of our Princes — of whom we 
 have heard and read so much to cause us to be proud — 
 but we joyfully hail this opportunity of testifying our 
 loyalty and attachment to our gracious Queen, whom we 
 pray the Almighty may long preserve. Although we 
 reside in a far distant part of the earth, our pulse has 
 always beaten high for our Queen. Her joys have been 
 our joys, and her sorrows have been our sorrows. We 
 have cause to be proud of the Queen, who has set such 
 a noble example to her own sex in private life ; whose 
 name is mentioned with respect by the greatest monarch^, 
 of the earth, and with reverence by all their peoples — 
 (cheers) — and whose name — Victoria — is but the emblem 
 of the greatness and prosperity the British nation ha& 
 achieved under her most happy rule. (Cheers.) In 
 proposing to you the health of His Royal Highness the 
 Duke of Edinburgh, you would naturally expect that I 
 should say something in his favour. But were I to stand 
 here from this till to-morrow night I should not make 
 one- thousandth part the impression that His Royal 
 Highness lias made by his affability and courtesy since
 
 en V Of ADELAIDE. 299 
 
 lie has been amongst us. (Tremendous cheers.) He 
 has attended your show, he has attended your balls, he 
 has been everywhere that he has been asked to attend- 
 As far as I have been able I have mentioned the noble 
 qualities of our most Gracious Queen, and I shall now 
 ask you to drink the health of His Royal Highness as a 
 son worthy of such a mother — as one who will not only 
 do equal honor to a Court, but who when the day ol 
 trial comes will not be wanting, and who, in the pro- 
 fession he has chosen for himself, will certainly do his 
 duty in like manner as Nelson and other great sea 
 captains have done theirs before him. Gentlemen, I give 
 you " The Health of His Royal Highness the Duke of 
 Edinburgh." 
 
 The toast was received with three most hearty and 
 enthusiastic cheers, and when the cheering had subsided 
 the following quintette, written and composed by Mr. 
 Loder for the occasion, was sung by the musicians : — 
 
 " ' O'er the salt sea foam, 
 
 From thy island home 
 Thou hast come, to a far-off shore ; 
 
 Ring out the cheer 
 
 That tells thou art here, 
 As in song our greetings pour. 
 
 Oh ! welcome, welcome, Royal heart ! 
 May ev'ry hour delight impart ; 
 
 For through the Avide world 
 
 Where floats unfurled 
 The Red Cross Banner o'er the strand, 
 
 Not one will greet, 
 
 No hearts will beat 
 More loyally warm than in this sunny land. 
 
 While above us mildly beaming, 
 See the Southern Cross is gleaming ; 
 Emblem bright of our redeeming. 
 
 Shedding Peace, and Joy, and Love. 
 When thy pilgi'image is over, 
 When no more on earth a rover, 
 Then around thee may there hovor 
 
 Happiness for thee above.
 
 300 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Then welcome agaiu 
 
 From the billowy main, 
 Where the wild waves heave and roar ; 
 
 Here rest awhile, 
 
 And thy toils beguile 
 On this far off Southern shore." " 
 
 His Royal Highness, when the cheers with which he 
 was greeted had ended, said, in a beautifully clear voice 
 — " I thank you for the enthusiastic manner in which 
 you have responded to the toast of my health. I have 
 received so many marks of your kindness since I have 
 been here amongst you that it is only hearing that cheer 
 which I did just now that put, as I may call it, the 
 finishing touch on the hearty welcome which you have 
 given me. (Loud cheers.) I thank you for the kind 
 way in which you have drunk my health." (Cheers.) 
 
 The " Health of the Governor" was received with the 
 greatest enthusiasm, which was the more marked 
 because His Excellency was absent in consequence of 
 illness. Colonel Hamley, of the 50th Regiment, 
 returned thanks for the army, and His Royal Highness 
 for the navy, and in the course of his speech he 
 expressed the pride he felt in having the command of 
 such a ship as the Galatea, and of having the oppor- 
 tunity of sailing, like Captain Cook, round the world. 
 
 After some routine toasts, His Royal Highness pro- 
 posed " The health of the Mayor," which was cordially 
 received ; and then " The Mayoress and the Ladies of 
 South Australia." Lord Newry returned thanks in a 
 short but lively address, and the Duke having retired, 
 the company separated at 11 o'clock. His Royal 
 Highness remained with the Mayor and some other
 
 CITY OK ADKLAIDE- 301 
 
 gentlemen in the Council Chamber until nearly 12 
 o'clock. 
 
 An exhibition of South Australian products had been 
 held at the Exhibition Building, near the Botanic 
 Gardens, but it is not necessary here to dwell upon the 
 proceedings. 
 
 The Prince visited the Institute and Museum, St. 
 Peter's College, and laid the foundation-stone of Prince 
 Alfred's College, in Kent Town, but the final entertain- 
 ment in the city was the Governor's ball, held in the 
 Town Hall on the evening of the 19th November. It 
 was attended by nearly as many as the civic ball had 
 been, and was quite as successful. No Governor has 
 ever yet assembled so many of the colonists as his 
 guests at any viceregal entertainment. On the 20th 
 His Royal Highness left Adelaide. Half-past 12 o'clock 
 was fixed upon as the time for the Prince's departure, 
 but before that hour a number of ladies and gentlemen 
 connected with the Choral Societies in the Province 
 assembled in front of Government House to sing a fare- 
 well hymn to the Prince. The composition was from 
 the pen of J. G. Gibbs, and the conduct of the music 
 was entrusted to Mr. Loder, who had so ably trained 
 the Sunday-school children to sing the National Anthem. 
 At 12 o'clock the choristers, numbering between two 
 and three hundred, commenced the anthem, His Royal 
 Hio-hness beins- seated with the Governor on a rustic 
 seat near the entrance to Government House. The 
 Prince seemed greatly pleased with the performance 
 and with the kindly feeling that had prompted the
 
 302 CITY OF A1)):LAI1)K. 
 
 demonstration. Before it was commenced, a copy of 
 the anthem, " The Favored Nation," was presented to 
 the Prince. It was enclosed in a silver casket. The 
 little girl who presented it was led to the Duke by 
 Messrs. Brenton and Tilley, and His Royal Highness 
 received the present with pleasure, and briefly expressed 
 his thanks to those from whom the gift had emanated. 
 A loud burst of cheering closed this portion of the day's 
 proceedings. Prior to the departure of the Prince from 
 Government House a guard of honor, consisting of two 
 companies of the 50th Queen's Own Regiment, was 
 drawn up in the domain, under the command of Captain 
 Fyler. At about a quarter to one the Prince, accom- 
 panied by the Governor, Colonel Hamley, in command 
 of the troops in the colony, and the Hon. E. C. Yorke, 
 equerry-in-waiting, entered the royal carriage en route 
 for Port Adelaide. A company of volunteer artillery 
 under Captain W. D. Claxton fired a royal salute, and 
 the royal carriage moved away, escorted by a troop of 
 cavalry, under the command of Captain Ferguson, 
 followed by three other vehicles containing the members 
 of the Duke's suite and the Governor's staff. On 
 emerging from the gate of the viceregal domain an 
 immense cheer burst from the large crowd of spectators 
 who had assembled to say farewell to their distinguished 
 visitor. The cortege proceeded through King William- 
 street, along Hindley-street, and so to the Port-road. It 
 was expected the procession would have gone along 
 North-terrace, so that in the other streets there wero 
 but few persons present.
 
 CITY OF ADBLAIDi*:. 30e 
 
 Thus ended the Rojal visit to Adelaide. If His 
 Royal Highness had arrived a month sooner, he might 
 have seen Adelaide to better advantage. The country 
 around it was in its spring clothing, and the Torrens 
 dam held back an immense sheet of water, which covered 
 the unsightliness of the Torrens' bed. It had been 
 erected at a cost of £4,122 7s. 6d., but the heavy rains 
 which fell at the end of September and the beginning of 
 October swelled the stream so much that it burst the 
 dam and swept it away. This occurred on the 5th 
 October in the afternoon. The structure had shown 
 signs of weakness in the course of the day, but it held 
 out well until a huge trunk of a tree, brought down by 
 the torrent, struck it. Some of the beams were carried 
 down the river for a long distance, passing through the 
 arches of the bridge at Thebarton without injuring it. 
 One of them was left under the opening at the eastern 
 end. How it got into its position without wrecking the 
 old wooden bridge is a complete problem. The events 
 connected with the Prince's visit brought the municipal 
 year to a close. The annual elections, which took place 
 at the usual time, retained Mr. Fuller as Mayor. The 
 only change in the Council was the substitution of Mr. 
 W. K. Simms for Mr. L. Murphy. The assessment for 
 the new year was £185,494. The expenditure for the 
 year had been £54,909, of which £34,565 had been 
 devoted to city improvements. The bank debt had 
 grown to £15, £89. This circumstance drew attezition to 
 the condition of the city funds early in the new muniripal 
 year.
 
 304 , CITY OF ADELAIDE 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 The year 1868 was ushered in with the customary 
 festivities. The holiday-making during the Prince's 
 stay in South Australia had in no way dulled the faculty 
 of enjoyment which the people of Adelaide are said to 
 possess in an extreme degree. Everything that had been 
 done to commemorate the great event of 1867 was still 
 fresh in the minds of the colonists, and the New Year 
 was expected to be, if not as lively in its celebrations^ 
 no more clouded than years that had gone before. • But 
 the Governor's health had been bad for a long time. He 
 was an old man, and the arduous exertions he had made 
 to receive the son of the Queen in a manner due to his 
 own position, to the Province of which he was Viceroy, 
 and to the exalted station of his illustrious visitor, taxed 
 him much. Towards the middle of February His 
 Excellency's condition was such as to cause the greatest 
 anxiety, and on the 19th February he passed to that 
 sphere where distinctions of worldly rank are unknown. 
 Being a Roman Catholic, he received the final offices of 
 the Church from the hands of the Rev. J. E. Tenison 
 Woods, although in his last moments the Very Rev. J.
 
 CITY OF ADKLAIDE. 30S 
 
 Smyth, Vicar- General, attended him. He passed away 
 as he had lived, calmly, and he left behind him affec- 
 tionate recollections amongst every class of the colonists, 
 which have stamped him as one of the best, if not the 
 best, of those to whom the Queen has entrusted the 
 Grovernmeut of South Australia. On the 22nd February 
 he was borne to his last resting-place in the West- 
 terrace Cemetery. From Government House he was 
 taken to St. Francis Xavier's Church, the Roman 
 Catholic Cathedral. 
 
 As soon as the coffin had been placed in the hearse 
 the carriages filled, and the procession fell into line ot 
 march. First of all came the undertaker, then two 
 mutes, next the hearse, flanked on either side by four 
 pallbearers carrying black wands. Afterwards came 
 the coaches. The first contained the late Governor's 
 sons, Messrs. rf. G. Daly and D. G. Daly, his nephew 
 Mr. D. D. Daly, and his son-in-law, Mr. H. H. Turton. 
 [n the second were the other son-in-law, Mr. J, Souttar ; 
 His Excellency the Acting- Governor (Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Hamley), dressed in his military uniform ; the Hon. 
 H. Ayers, Chief Secretary ; and Major Lucas, Aide-de- 
 Camp to the late and Acting- Governors. In the third 
 were the remaining members of the Executive — Hon. R. 
 B. Andrews, Attorney -General ; the Hon. T. Reynolds, 
 Treasurer ; Hon. L. Glyde, Commissioner of Crown 
 Lands : Hon. 1*. Santo, Commissioner of Public Works. 
 In the fourth Captain Fyler (H.M.'s 50th Regiment), 
 Mr. R. D. Ross, D.A.C.G., His Honor the Chief Justice 
 (Mr. R. I). Hanson), Dr. Gosse, and Mr. S. Tomkinson.
 
 306 CITY OE ADELAIDE. 
 
 In the fifth, Mr. George Hamilton (Commissioner of 
 Pohce), Mr. W. J. Crawford, Mr. J. Hart, and Mr. S. 
 Deering (Clerk of the Executive Council and Aide-de- 
 Camp to Sir Dominick Daly). At 9 o'clock precisely 
 the procession started, and passing through the south- 
 eastern gate, slowly advanced along King William-street 
 to the Cathedral, reaching it about a quarter-past 9. 
 The usual practice with the Roman Catholic Church is 
 to have the coffin brought to the Cathedral the day 
 before the interment, and left there during the night in 
 presence of the watchers for the dead. On this occasion 
 that practice had to be departed from, and some hours 
 of Friday evening were spent in preparing the interior 
 of the building for the solemn and imposing ceremonial. 
 The front of the gallery and pulpit had been decently 
 draped in black cloth; the altar, the special charge of 
 the clergy, had been draped in like fashion, and the 
 extremities of the pews abutting on the central aisle had 
 been covered with black crape bound with white silk. 
 Before the railing enclosing the stage upon which stood 
 the altar, an open space had been formed by the removal 
 of the seats, and at the end of the principal aisle had 
 been erected a large catafalque covered with costly black 
 draperies. Embroidered crosses were displayed on two 
 sides, and facing the main doorway was the escutcheon 
 of Sir Dominick Daly painted on canvas. A row of 
 steps encircled the base of the catafalque, and round 
 about it was spread a rich sealskin carpet. On either 
 side were ranged three pedestals concealed with black 
 cloth, and surmounted by stately silver candelabra.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 307 
 
 recently procured for the altar service, each supporting 
 a wax candle. Outside of these were seats for th« 
 officiating clergy, and still further back on the eastern 
 side was a private pew, set apart for members of his late 
 Excellency's family. 
 
 A few minutes before 9 o'clock the outer doors were 
 opened, and admission given to the hundreds of expec- 
 tants who had for some time thronged the enclosure. 
 The seats were all quickly filled, and as the morning 
 advanced there was no standing-room left unoccupied. 
 At 9 o'clock the deep tones of the Cathedral bell struck 
 upon the ear, and mingled with the measured tolling 
 of the great bell in the Albert Tower of the Town 
 Hall. To this music the processiou from Govern- 
 ment House had marched, and at a few minutes 
 after 9 its arrival at its destination was denoted 
 by the general looks of eager expectancy fixed upon 
 the door. Through the temporary lane formed by 
 palisades crossing the street footpath, the bearers 
 advanced carrying all that remained of Sir Dominick 
 Daly. The clergy inside the building, habited in whitt- 
 surplices, formed in line, and moved down the aisle i)i 
 solemn procession to meet the approaching party. At 
 the doors there was a pause, and the asperges enjoined 
 by the service was recited. Then the priests slowlv 
 retraced their steps, chanting the De Profunda. 
 Immediately behind them came the bearers with their 
 charge, which they deposited on the catafalque, and 
 following these were the relatives of the deceased and 
 the occupants of the mourning coaches, who took the
 
 308 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 places severally assigned to them. Over the coffin hung 
 a sumptuous pall of black velvet and white silk, which 
 covered a handsome cedar box concealed by black cloth 
 richly trimmed with lace, having upon one side an 
 ornamented plate inscribed with the name, titles, date of 
 birth, and the age of the deceased, the whole enclosing 
 a leaden coffin securely soldered up, and bearing upon it 
 the emblems of the Passion. This in turn enclosed the 
 inner coffin ot plain cedar, wherein rested the remains of 
 the dead reclining upon a mattress and pillow, trimmed 
 with llama and [packed with the shroud and various 
 costly stuffs. Upon the pall were placed the hat, sword, 
 and gloves of the late Governor. 
 
 The service which followed was chanted, then the 
 celebrant and his deacons assumed other vestments, and 
 the solemn Requiem Mass was celebrated. 
 
 The Very Kev. J. Smyth, V.G. preached the funeral 
 sermon. Shortly after 2 p.m. the pall-bearers and 
 principal mourners entered the Cathedral and took their 
 places. When all was ready, the clergy led the way 
 chanting the De Profundis. The coffin was borne to 
 the outer gate, where a gun-carriage, decked with 
 funeral trappings and drawn by six horses, had been 
 prepared for its reception, and as soon as it was fixed, 
 the line of procession filled up as follows: — 
 
 In the forefront, led by three acolytes carrying a 
 handsome cross, were about 200 girls belonging to the 
 Catholic schools of St. Joseph. They were all uniformly 
 dressed in white, with crape sashes and hat bands, 
 walking four abreast.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. ^09 
 
 Next to them, and leading the officially arranged 
 procession, was the Colonel- Commandant of the Volun- 
 teer Force, Colonel Biggs, on horseback, followed by 
 the advance squadron of cavalry under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Higgins. 
 
 Behind these came the Battery of Artillery, com- 
 manded by Lieutenant-Colonel Matthews. 
 
 Firing party, consisting of the following companies 
 of the Volunteer Military Force: — No. 2, Duke ot 
 Edinburgh's Own, under the command of Captain Bulk, 
 42 rank and tile, six non-commissioned officers; ]So. 4, 
 Company, under the command of Captain Blyth, 88 rank 
 and file, three non-commissioned officers; No. 6, North 
 Adelaide, under the command of Lieutenant Durieu, 32 
 rank and file, three non-commissioned officers; No. 5, 
 Gawler, under the command of Captain Martin, 36 rank 
 and file, two non-commissioned officers ; No. 3, Kapunda, 
 under the command of Captain Tuckfield, 45 rank and 
 file, three non-commissioned officers, accompanied by 
 Surgeon Blood ; No 1 Company, under the command of 
 Captain Scott, 44 rank and file, six non-commissioned 
 officers. 
 
 Next in order came the detachment of the 5 0th 
 (Queen's Own) Regiment, to the number of 120, 
 marching in column of subdivisions, commanded by 
 Lieutenants Turner, Fleury, and AUardice. 
 
 The Regimental Band, under the direction of Band- 
 master Schrader ; the Artillery Band, Lillywhite, band- 
 master; and the Gawler Band, Riggs, bandmaster. 
 
 The Undertaker.
 
 .110 CITr OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 The Lord Bishop of Adelaide, and the clergy of the 
 English and other churches. 
 
 The Medical Attendants — Dr. Gosse and Dr. Whittell. 
 
 The Officiating Clergy of the Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 Two Mutes. 
 
 The coffin, covered with the Union Jack, bearing also 
 the late Governor's sword, hat, and gloves, was placed 
 on a gun-carriage, drawn by six horses, each led by a 
 cavalry trooper. Lieutenant Cooper, mounted, being in 
 command. On either side were the pall-bearers. 
 
 Horse led by the late Governor's orderly, flanked by 
 his late Excellency's valet and messenger. 
 
 The chief mourners — His late Excellency's sons, Mr. 
 John George Daly, Mr. Dominick Gore Daly . 
 
 Mr. Dominick Daniel Daly (nephew), Mr. Souttar, 
 and Mr. Turton (sons-in-law). 
 
 His Excellency Lieutenant-Colonel Hamley, the 
 officer administering the Government. 
 
 Mr. Justice Gwynne and Mr. Justice Wearing. 
 
 The President, members, and officers of the Legis- 
 lative Council, three abreast. 
 
 The Speaker and members of the House of Assembly, 
 four abreast. 
 
 Two hundred officers of the Civil Service, eight 
 deep, ten heads of departments, and Sir J. H. Fisher. 
 
 The Mayor, Corporation, and Town Clerk of Glenelg. 
 No other Corporation was officially present in the place 
 assigned for municipal bodies. 
 
 Civilians to the number of about 230, eight abreast.
 
 CITY OF ADKLAIDE. 311 
 
 Members of the Friendly Societies in their regalia, 
 numbering between 100 and 200, including representa- 
 tives of the Manchester and London Orders of Odd- 
 fellows, Foresters, and Druids, and the South Australian 
 Benefit Society. 
 
 Members of the German Club, Turn Verein, Schutzen 
 Chib, and Liedertafel, eight deep, to the number of 70. 
 
 Carriage of his late Excellency. 
 
 Squadron of cavalry (Captain Rankine in command), 
 consisting of No. 2, Strathalbyn and Milang Troop, and 
 a portion of No. 4, Reedbeds Troop. 
 
 After this followed a number of carrias^es and horse- 
 men formins: the rear of the line. 
 
 In this order the procession reached the Cemetery. 
 The firing party marched in subdivisions at open order, 
 and on arrival at the burial-ground gate they formed 
 line, and opened out to the front and rear on the two 
 sides of the roadway to allow the procession to pass 
 between the ranks. Before this stage had been reached, 
 the vast crowds of spectators flocking in from the streets 
 covered the grounds outside of the Cemetery, and 
 entirely hid the approaching cortege from sight. It was 
 estimated that from twelve to fifteen thousand must have 
 collected along the street, and almost the whole of this 
 vast concourse accompanied the procession into the Park 
 Lands. The whole of the corner allotment swarmed 
 with human beings, and of course when the time ot 
 pressure came no amount of vigilance or energy on the 
 part of the cordon of policemen stationed round the 
 Cemetery enclosure could resist their entrance. As soon
 
 3i2 CITY OF ADEIiAIDK. 
 
 as the Voluhteer division had formed in the wav described, 
 the school children entered and took their stand some 
 distance to the southward of the grave. The Colonel- 
 Commandant next entered, and stood near the scholars. 
 Then came the undertaker, the ministers of various 
 denominations, the medical attendants, and the officiating 
 clergy, who entered within the railing ; next the gun- 
 carriage, with its six orses, came to a halt opposite the 
 entrance to the inne ' enclosure. The coffin was forth- 
 with lowered and carried in, accompanied by the 
 pall- bearers, the officiating clergy, and the chief 
 mourners. As soon as it had been placed on the inclined 
 plane leading into the Tault the service was commenced, 
 i)ut all preconcerted arrangements to prevent over- 
 crowding at this juncture were broken through. The 
 firing party, according to programme, entered and formed 
 in line at open order to the northward of the grave; but, 
 in defiance of the programme, all the other constituents of 
 the procession broke order and carried the enclosure by 
 storm. Any attempt to restrain them was futile, and the 
 clergy and others engaged had to put up with no small 
 amount of jostling. But in spite of this the ceremony 
 was duly proceeded with. The Very Rev. the Vicar- 
 General officiated. The artillery and firing party had 
 slightly anticipated the period at which they were to 
 iiave commenced operations, and the booming of the 
 cannons and the rattling of the minute volleys broke 
 somewhat prematurely upon the ears of the crowd. But 
 the contretemps was trifling, and the service proceeded. 
 When the final chant had been concluded, and the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. SI 3 
 
 final rites had been performed, the coffin was conveyed 
 to its resting-place. The relatives, the Acting-Governor, 
 the pall-bearers, and the chief mourners went down in 
 turns into the vault to take a farewell view of all that 
 was visible of the departed Governor, and then slowly 
 retired. The individual members of the other divisions 
 of the now disorganised procession returned homeward, 
 and the crowd having as far as was practicable appeased 
 their curiosity by peering into the vault, slowly dispersed. 
 The Volunteer Military Force were marched back to the 
 drill ground and dismissed, after a church parade had 
 been ordered for next day. The builders without delay 
 set to work to complete the enclosing of the vault, and 
 with this the public ceremonials of the eventful 22nd of 
 February closed. 
 
 In June, 1867, the Council agreed with the South 
 Australian Gas Company to light such lamps as might 
 be fixed on the line of their mains for a term of eighteen 
 months, the remaining streets where gas mains were not 
 laid being lit with kerosine. At the close of 1868 this 
 agreement expired, and as the citizens, by a poll taken in 
 the usual manner, had negatived the proposition for a 
 rate of threepence in the £ on the assessment, the 
 Council did not see their way clear, with the heavy Bank 
 debt hanging over them, to enter into a further agree- 
 ment for lighting the lamps, consequently the streets 
 remained in darkness.
 
 514 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 A letter of condolence was forwarded by the Mayor 
 to the relict of the late Governor, the letter itself being 
 in accordance with a resolution of the Council. In 
 reporting to the Council that he had followed the in- 
 structions of that body, he brought forward another 
 matter in connection with the funeral of the departed 
 Governor. The Mayor and Corporation of Glenelg 
 formed the only municipal bod}^ which was officially 
 present in the funeral procession in the place assigned for 
 municipal bodies. It seems that when the arrangements 
 for the procession were made, it was understood that the 
 order observed would be the same as that observed in 
 Melbourne at the funeral of His Excellency Sir Charles 
 Hotham. On that occasion the Mayor and Corporation 
 of the City of Melbourne took, or rather were allowed, 
 precedence of the Legislature and of the Civil Service. 
 This arrangement was not adhered to here, as had been 
 expected, precedence over the Corporation of the City 
 of Adelaide having been assigned to the Legislature and 
 the Civil Service of the colony. On ascertaining the 
 arrangements which had been made, the Adelaide Cor-
 
 CITY 0¥ ADELAIDE. 515 
 
 poration and the Corporation of Port Adelaide declined 
 to accept the positions assigned to them, and contented 
 themselves with following in the rear of the procession. 
 At the first meeting of the Council after the funeral, the 
 Mayor reported specially to the Council on the subject 
 as follows ; — " On the recent mournful occasion of the 
 death of his late Excellenc}'^ Sir D. Daly, who so ably 
 and worthily governed this province, our duty was to 
 pay our last tribute of respect to his memory. This 
 duty we performed, and although we did; not take the 
 place assigned us in the public procession, we, together 
 with the Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Port 
 Adelaide (who, I am glad to say, supported our action), 
 humbly and reverently followed His Excellency's remains 
 to their last resting place. We have also since then 
 offered to Lady Daly our respectful sympathy in the 
 great affliction with which she has been visited ; and I 
 may say that the people in this colony have lost in His 
 Excellency the truest of friends and the best of 
 Governors — a Governor who ceaselessly performed his 
 duty, and ever studied the interests of those he governed, 
 and whose example to his Ministers has been productive 
 of good, by which the colony will ever benefit. On the 
 death and funeral of such a man I felt that it would 
 have been out of place publicly or officially to have 
 raised any question of precedence. I think, however, it 
 is now my duty, as the head of the Corporation of this 
 City, to place on record my protest against the position 
 assigned to the Corporation in the public ceremonial. 
 On your behalf I claim in public processions within the
 
 316 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 City precedence of the Legislative bodies, and still more 
 of the Civil Service, and therefore I refused to take the 
 official position assigned to me, inferior to those honor- 
 able bodies. I mentioned the matter to some of the 
 Government officials, and was informed the order 
 observed in the funeral of Sir C. Hotham, in Victoria, 
 would be followed ; but, on refierence, I find this was 
 departed from, because in that case the Mayor and 
 Corporation had precedence of the Legislature and the 
 Civil Service. Considering the peculiar and solemn 
 nature of the ceremony, and the respect we entertained 
 for his late Excellency, we followed his remains in the 
 rear of the procession, without comment or further 
 action ; but had the occasion been of a different nature, 
 I should have taken steps to have enforced due respect 
 to our rights and privileges from those persons who take 
 upon themselves to conduct and regulate a procession 
 within this City without my sanction or other due recog- 
 nition of your just position, and should have trusted to 
 the support of yourselves and my fellow citizens in my 
 action for that purpose. I intend, if you approve, com- 
 municating with the Government of the province on this 
 subject." 
 
 A resolution was passed approving of the conduct of 
 the Mayor on the occasion, and of his report, and a 
 communication was made to the Government em- 
 bodying his views. Up to the present time no definite 
 determination has been made on the claim made by 
 the Mayor on behalf of the Corporation. It would 
 seem to be in accordance with precedent in Great
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 317 
 
 Britain, that the civic authorities within their own 
 jurisdiction should have precedence over other bodies, 
 and there does not appear any sound reason why so 
 manifestly just a custom should not have been adopted 
 on the solemn occasion of the funeral of the Governor, 
 who lived and ruled the colony in the City, and who 
 died and was interred within its boundaries. It is clear, 
 however, that whatever rank or pre-eminence the civic 
 authorities may receive on state occasions, unless deter- 
 mined by statute, must depend upon the courtesy and 
 discernment of the governing powers within the colony. 
 A few days after the precedency question had been 
 disposed of, a telegram arrived from Sydney. It told 
 South Australia — which had been foremost in her 
 greetings to H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh — that he 
 had been stricken down by an assassin. Whilst taking 
 part in a public demonstration at Clontarf, near Sydney, 
 a man named O'Farrel came behind him and shot him in 
 the back. The bullet was fired from a revolver at a 
 short distance, and took effect in such a direction as to 
 make it at one time a matter of doubt whether His 
 Royal Highness would survive the wound. The receipt 
 of the telegram produced the wildest excitement 
 throughout the City and Province. A monster meeting 
 was held in the Town Hall on March 16th, to adopt 
 addresses of condolence to Her Most Gracious Majesty 
 the Queen, and to H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh on 
 the unhappy event. Large as the Town Hall is, and 
 larger still as it was in 1868, in proportion to the popu- 
 lation of the city, it was not equal to the accommodation
 
 318 CITY 0¥ ADELAIDE. 
 
 of more than one half of those who strove for admission. 
 The chair was taken by Sir James Hurtle Fisher, 
 Knight. The expressions of loyalty by all the speakers 
 were of the most clear and ardent character, but none 
 of them made so strong an impression as the wonderful 
 oration of the Very Rev. J. Smyth, Vicar-General, who 
 represented the Catholic colonists on that occasion. The 
 addresses adopted are subjoined : — 
 
 "To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. 
 " May it please your Majesty — 
 
 " We, your Majesty's dutiful and loyal subjects, 
 inhabitants of your Majesty's Province of South 
 Australia, having heard with the deepest horror and 
 indignation of the recent attempt upon the life of His 
 Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, venture to 
 approach your Majesty with the assurance of our 
 unabated loyalty, and of our affectionate attachment to 
 your Majesty's person and family. 
 
 " We also venture to assure your Majesty of the 
 deep sympathy with which all classes of the community 
 approach your Majesty in what must be so great a 
 domestic affliction, and to convey to your Majesty their 
 most respectful and heartfelt condolence. 
 
 " We beg humbly to state that the people of this 
 colony, of every class and creed, acknowledge with 
 pride and gratification the honor conferred upon them by 
 the recent most welcome visit of your Majesty's beloved 
 son, Prince Alfred, whose manly, courteous, and 
 unaffected demeanour has endeared him to the hearts of 
 all, and to assure your Majesty that the dreadful crini*
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 319 
 
 HOW SO cruelly perpetrated will ever be regarded by 
 them with feelings of the deepest detestation and 
 sorrow. 
 
 " We humbly assure your Majesty that our most 
 fervent thanksgivings have been presented to the 
 Almighty Disposer of Events for His merciful protection 
 of our beloved Prince in a moment of such great 
 danger, and that our sincere and earnest prayers will 
 continue to be offered for his speedy restoration to 
 health, his return to the honorable position he has so 
 worthily and efficiently filled, and his happy restoration 
 to the society of your Majesty and family. 
 
 " We fiirther beg permission to assure your Majesty 
 of the undiminished loyalty of South Australians, of 
 their profound attachment to the Throne and institutions 
 of Great Britain, and of their determination, at whatever 
 cost or risk, to unite in the suppression of traitorous 
 conspiracies, should such unhappily arise in this colony, 
 over which we trust your Majesty's beneficent sway may 
 long be exercised." 
 
 '' To His Royal Highness, Prince Alfred Ernest Albert 
 Duke of Edinburgh, Knight of the Most Noble 
 Order of the Garter, &c. 
 " May it please your Royal Highness — 
 
 " We, the colonists of South Australia, in public 
 meeting assembled, beg to assure your Royal Highness 
 of the profound sorrow and indignation with which we 
 received the news of the atrocious attempt to assassinate 
 your Royal Highness. We further assure your Royal 
 Highness of our deep sympathy in your Royal Highness'jt
 
 320 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 present suffering, of our fervent wishes for your Royal 
 Highness's speedy and complete recovery, and of our 
 deep gratitude to Almighty God for your Royal High- 
 ness's almost miraculous preservation." 
 
 The City Coimcil held a special meeting, and adopted 
 the following address to the Duke : — - 
 
 "To H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, K.G. 
 " May it please your Royal Highness — 
 
 " We, the Mayor and Corporation of Adelaide, on 
 behalf of the citizens, approach your Royal Highness 
 with feelings of the deepest and most heartfelt gratitude 
 that it has pleased Almighty God to preserve you from 
 the hands of the assassin. 
 
 " Language fails to portray our horror and indigna- 
 tion at learning of the dastardly attack upon your Royal 
 Highness ; but we are pleased to observe the universal 
 feeling which prevails of thankfulness to Divine Provi- 
 dence that your Royal Highness is so rapidly recovering. 
 
 " We express our deepest and most respectful sym- 
 pathy at the sufferings you have undergone, and our 
 o-rief that such an atrocious crime should have been 
 committed on the Australian Continent. We earnestly 
 trust that your Royal Highness will recognise that it is 
 no Australian colonist who has done this deed, but a foul 
 assassin who has been made the tool of wicked designing 
 enemies of our Queen and country. 
 
 " We earnestly pray that the Almighty will preserve 
 you from a repetition of any such attack and evermore 
 have you in His holy keeping. 
 
 " Signed by the Mayor, Councillors, and Town Clerk, 
 March 17, 1868."
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 321 
 
 To all the addresses the following general reply was 
 published in the Government Gazette in Sydney : — 
 
 " Government House, Sydney, 
 "March 19, 1868. 
 
 " I have received with orratification these numerous 
 addresses, and desire to return my warm thanks for the 
 expression of sympathy which they contain. 
 
 " The cowardly act of one individual has not in any 
 
 degree shaken my confidence in the loyalty of the people 
 
 of this colony towards the throne and the person of Her 
 
 Majesty, or in their affection for myself ; and I shall gladly 
 
 convey to the Queen the universal expression of horror 
 
 and indignation which the attempt to assassinate me has 
 
 called forth from Her Majesty's faithful subjects in 
 
 Australia. 
 
 " Alfred." 
 
 The wretched man whose horrible deed had shaken 
 
 the whole of the Australian colonies was tried for his 
 
 offence and was hanged. At one time it was thought 
 
 that his attempt at the murder of a Koyal Prince was 
 
 the result of a Fenian organisation in the colonies, but 
 
 this notion has faded out. Nothing that had occurred 
 
 before the attempt, and nothing that has come to light 
 
 since, has given color to the suggestion that he had any 
 
 accomplices. It seems to have been the purposeless act 
 
 of a fanatic, which, whatever its temporary effect may 
 
 have been, brought destruction only on himself. The 
 
 loyalty of the colonies remains unshaken, and the 
 
 attachment of their inhabitants to Her Majesty and her 
 
 Royal descendants rests upon the solid reliance they have
 
 322 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 on England's greatness, and the justice and care with 
 which their interests are invariably considered. 
 
 The vexed question of closing the Morphett-street 
 level crossing was again before the Council, in conse- 
 quence of a report by the Town Clerk that he had 
 received information that the Government contemplated 
 interfering with the roadway of North-terrace in erecting 
 a new goods-shed, and closing the level crossing at 
 Morphett-street, and that the plans for this encroach- 
 ment were all prepared and lithographed. The Council 
 at once took action, and not only prevented the work 
 being proceeded with, but caused the removal of a 
 portion of the running shed which had been some years 
 previously erected on a portion of the street. The 
 Government were asked in the early part of the year to 
 introduce a Bill for a Building Act into Parliament, but 
 beyond the correspondence on the subject, nothing 
 resulted in this direction. 
 
 During this year some attention was directed to the 
 state of the city accounts. Circumstances had arisen 
 which led to the conclusion that money belonging to the 
 Corporation funds had been applied to uses which had 
 not been sanctioned. An investigation took place, which 
 brought to light a series of frauds and forgeries which 
 had been going on for some time. The person who was 
 considered to be responsible for these acts held the 
 highest office under the Corporation. A prosecution was 
 instituted against him, and on the trial he was found 
 guilty, and was sentenced to a long term of penal servitude. 
 The Auditors for the city were much blamed for what
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 323 
 
 bad occurred, for it was considered that if their examina- 
 tiou of the books and accounts had been complete, the 
 fi'auds must have been discovered long before ihej 
 reached the sum they had amounted to. This opinion 
 was not just as regarded the gentlemen who had fulfilled 
 their duties as Auditors. The forgeries were ingenious 
 enough to deceive anyone and, moreover, from the way 
 in which the vouchers appeared before them, they tallied 
 with the books, and there was nothing to arouse their 
 suspicions. The certificate which they had appended 
 annually to the receipts and expenditure, was only as to 
 the correctness of the abstract according to the books 
 and vouchers produced to them, and there was nothing 
 to empower them to go beyond those documents. The 
 extent of the defalcations or rather frauds on the city funds 
 did not appear until the balance-sheet of the following 
 year, and it is a matter of great doubt whether they 
 have been actually ascertained. 
 
 The annual elections made but a trifling change in 
 the City Council. Mr. H. R. Fuller at the end of 1868 
 was re-elected Mayor, and Messrs. D. Garlick and C. E. 
 Tidemann were chosen in place of Mr. W. K. Simms 
 and Mr. W. Bundey, who retired. The revenue for the 
 year had been, from all sources, £37,570 6s. lid., of 
 which £15,600 was spent in public improvements, £10,870 
 7s. lOd. was raised from rates, £4,827 16s. 5d. was contri- 
 buted by the Government, and £5,095 13s. 3d. was deducted 
 for police protection. The overdraft due to the National 
 Bank was £15,041 14s. 8d. against £15,886 16s. 9d. in 
 the previous year. The assessment for the new year
 
 324 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 amounted to £201,511, which showed an increase during 
 the year of £^6,017, and there was every prospect 
 of a still further increase for the following year. The 
 real difficulty that required to be met was to make some 
 satisfactory arrangement with respect to the debt due to 
 the bank, which had imperceptibly grown to a large 
 amount.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 325 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIIL 
 
 A special iuvestigation was made into the Corporation 
 accounts, and it brought to light the fact that the frauds 
 which had been discovered had been going on for years. 
 Tlie examiners did not deem it worth while to go further 
 back than three years, during which time the defalca- 
 tions had amounted to £1,563 7s. 8d., besides outstanding 
 cheques for £241 Os. lid.* The amounts were written 
 off as a total loss, and a system of accounting adopted 
 which would prevent the repetition of any similar 
 practices in future. The office of Town Clerk was filled 
 by the appointment of Mr. Thomas Worsnop in the 
 early yart of the year 1869. 
 
 On the 15tli February, the Right Hon. Sir James 
 Fergusson, Bart., who had been appointed Governor of 
 the colony in succession to Sir Dominick Daly, arrived. 
 On his way out His Excellency had made a short stay in 
 India, but hearing that H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh 
 was returning to Australia to complete his voyage 
 round the world in H.M.S. Galatea, which had been so 
 
 * A subsequent examination disclosed the fact that from 1859 to 1867 inclusire, 
 the defalcations equalled £4,068 15s. 6d.
 
 526 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 shockingly interrupted in the previous year, he shortened 
 his visit and arrived at the seat of his new Government 
 somewhat unexpectedly. Government House was still 
 occupied by Colonel Hamley, the Acting- Governor, and 
 had not been prepared for his reception, so that he was 
 compelled to resort to a private hotel until the vice-regal 
 residence was ready for him. The visit of the Royal Duke 
 on this occasion was not official, and no public demon- 
 stration took place, his stay extending over a few days 
 only. Sir James Fergusson was sworn in with the usual 
 formalities, and shortly afterwards held his first levee, at 
 which the Mayor and Corporation attended, and pre- 
 sented the following address : — 
 
 " His Excellency Sir James Fergusson, Bart., Captain- 
 General and Governor-in-Chief of the Province of 
 South Australia, &c. 
 " May it please your Excellency — 
 
 " We, the Mayor and Councillors of this City of 
 Adelaide, on behalf of the citizens, respectfully tender 
 you our congratulations on the safe termination of your 
 voyage, and our welcome on your arrival in this pro- 
 vince. 
 
 " We rejoice that our beloved Queen has in your 
 ]3erson chosen for her representative a gentlemen whose 
 favorable repute has preceded him, and we feel assured 
 that the loyalty of the people of South Australia will 
 extend itself to your Excellency, and will free your task 
 from many difficulties. 
 
 " We also cordially welcome to our midst Lady Edith 
 Fergusson, and we trust that every member of your
 
 CITY OF ADELAIJ)E. 327 
 
 Excellency's family may long enjoy the blessings of 
 health and happiness. 
 
 " Signed on behalf of the Mayor and Corporation of 
 Adelaide this 15th day of February, 1869. 
 " H. R. Fuller, Mayor. 
 "Thomas Worsnop, Town Clerk." 
 
 His Excellency returned the subjoined reply : — 
 
 " Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen — I beg to offer you my 
 hearty thanks for the kind welcome I have received, the 
 generous terms in which you have been pleased to speak 
 of me, and for the approval you have expressed of Her 
 Majesty's appointment of me to this important adminis- 
 tration. I regret the inconvenience you have suffered 
 through the delay of my arrival ; but I have hurried on 
 that I might not be absent from the reception of his 
 Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh. Though he 
 has preceded me by a few hours, I am glad to be able to 
 join in the loyal welcome which is being given to him. 
 I trust that the connection between us which commences 
 to-day will be the beginning of a further development of 
 those natural resources which have already made the 
 colony so important. No effort of mine will be wanting 
 to promote that development, and to secure the general 
 well-being." 
 
 Many of the citizens being dissatisfied with the 
 charges made for the gas supplied by the South Austra- 
 lian Gas Company, which had been established by Act 
 of Parliament in 1861, a new gas company was projected 
 in 1868 under the style of the Provincial Gas Company. 
 Early in 1869 the Act incorporating it was assented to,
 
 328 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 and the new company forthwith commenced operations. 
 The success which had been anticipated from the new 
 undertaking was not realised, and eventually the two 
 companies were amalgamated in 1877. 
 
 In the beginning of the year a most important ques- 
 tion was brought before the Parliament, then in session, 
 relating to the powers of the Corporation of the city to 
 control and regulate markets in Adelaide. In 1847 an 
 Ordinance was passed by the Governor and the Legisla- 
 tive Council which existed at that time, empowering the 
 Governor to establish markets in Adelaide and elsewhere, 
 and to levy certain tolls on the merchandise and cattle 
 exposed therein for sale. Under the Corporation Act 11 
 of 1849, the powers conferred by that Act were trans- 
 ferred to the City Council, and the City Commissioners by 
 the Act 13 of 1849 were authorised to exercise all those 
 powers until a Corporation under the previous iict was 
 called into existence. In a subsequent Act (23 of 1854) 
 the scale of tolls fixed under the Act of 1847 was 
 repealed and power conferred on the City Council to 
 increase them, and by a subsequent Act (16 of 1861) 
 the Act of 1847 was specially placed under the authority 
 of the City Council as far as its provisions could apply 
 to the city. In 1854-5 the Corporation, acting under 
 their statutory powers, erected a building to serve as a 
 market on a part of the Corporation Acre fronting Pirie- 
 street. It was in all respects unsuited for the purpose, 
 and was soon closed. From that time until 1861 there 
 was no place available as a market for the sale of farm 
 and garden produce. Mr. Vaughan, who had possession
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 329 
 
 of some vacant land at the east end of the city between 
 Rundle-street and North-terrace, provided some accommo- 
 dation for the persons who brought fruit, vegetables, &c., 
 into Adelaide for sale, and eventually succeeded in 
 establishing what was recognised and used as a market 
 place by the suburban produce growers, but principally 
 by those who brought their goods from the farms and 
 market gardens in the Mount Lofty Ranges. Mr. 
 Vaughan commenced his operations in 1861, and con- 
 tinued to carry on the business of a market proprietor until 
 1869, when the Corporation, having purchased a piece of 
 land in the centre of the city, opened it for the sale of 
 general produce under the name of the City Market. 
 The persons who frequented Vaughan's market did not 
 find it convenient, or to their interest, to abandon their 
 old stands, and thus disarrange their business connections, 
 but continued to frequent the place they had been 
 accustomed to. The mode in which they occupied the 
 footpaths and the roadway at early hours on market 
 mornings gave offence to some of the residents in the 
 neighbourhood, and at their instance the Corporation 
 proceeded against many of Mr. Vaughan's customers 
 under the Police Act and the City By-laws, and secured 
 many convictions. The frequenters of the East-End 
 Market and many others thereupon petitioned the Legis- 
 lature to repeal the Act of 1847, and to pass a Bill for 
 the establishment and regulation of markets under the 
 Markets Clauses Act in force in England. The Corpora- 
 tion replied to this in a counter petition, in which they 
 set out all they had done to provide suitable market
 
 330 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 accommodation, complaining of the infraction of the 
 rights of the Corporation which had extended over a 
 series of years, and praying that the Legislature would 
 not legalise Mr. Vaughan's place as a market without 
 regarding the interests of the City Corporation. The 
 petition of Mr. Vaughan was followed up by a Draft Bill 
 for a " Markets Clauses Act," founded on the English 
 law, which was referred to a Select Committee, and 
 notwithstanding the opposition and remonstrances of the 
 City Corporation, passed into law. 
 
 In this year a Bill was introduced into Parliament to 
 provide for the improvement of the River Torrens. It 
 was intended to empower the Corporation to erect a dam 
 across the river so as to form an ornamental sheet of 
 water in the bed of the Torrens, which would extend 
 right through the city. The large expanse of water 
 which had been arrested by the dam, carried away by 
 flood in 1867, had greatly improved the appearance of 
 the city, and the opportunity it afforded for boating was 
 largely made use of by the citizens, and became a source 
 of considerable amusement to them. The former dam 
 had been erected under the powers conferred by the 
 Corporation Act of 1861 ; these powers were, however 
 very limited. The new Bill proposed to enlarge those 
 powers, and to give the Corporation special instead o 
 general jurisdiction over the waters impounded by the 
 proposed new structure and the lands adjacent, and to 
 lease the property with any buildings erected in connec- 
 tion with it to a company or other persons on certain 
 terms, or to empower such persons to erect the dam
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 331 
 
 themselves. The Corporation also sought power to raise 
 by bonds a sum not exceeding £15,000, payable in thirty 
 years. The Bill, with some modifications, passed both 
 Houses of the Legislature, and was assented to in the 
 beginning of the following year. An act was also passed 
 during the same session for extending the Waterworks 
 from which the city supply was drawn. A new Police Act 
 was also passed. The chief provisions which afi'ected the 
 city were those enabling the Government to deduct the 
 amount of the cost of the police at which the Corpora- 
 tion might be rated from any grant-in-aid voted by 
 Parliament, and in case the grant-in-aid should be 
 insufficient for the purpose, the deficiency should be 
 supplied out of the local rates. The Corporation was 
 empowered to make a special rate for police purposes and 
 in case of default or refusal, the rate could be levied 
 by the Governor with the advice of the Executive 
 Council. These provisions did not meet the views of the 
 City Council. They objected to be called upon to con- 
 tribute to the maintenance of a force which had extensive 
 jurisdiction within the municipal limits, but over whom 
 the Corporation had no control. The opinion of the 
 City Council did not influence the Parliament, and the 
 Bill, which in other respects was a great improvement 
 upon the Act of 1863, became law. During the year, 
 the citizens authorised the Council to prepare a Bill for 
 borrowing £16,000 on bonds, the proceeds to be applied 
 in reduction of the overdraft due to the National Bank ; 
 the Bill was introduced in Parliament and nearatived on 
 the second reading, 14th January, 1870.
 
 >32 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 At the annual election Mr. J. M. Solomon was chosen 
 Mayor in the place of Mr. H. R. Fuller, and Messrs. W. 
 D. Allott, F. Spicer, and W. King, jun., as Councillors, 
 in the place of Messrs Pulsford, Hill, and Winter, who 
 retired. Mr. Tidemann was elected in December, 1868, for 
 Gawler Ward, in the place of Mr. W. K. Simms resigned. 
 The new assessment amounted to £209,717, showing an 
 increase of £8,206. The amount of rates collected was 
 £10,101 9s. 4d., and the Government grant-in-aid 
 £6,401 16s. 5d. The amoiuit laid out on public improve- 
 ments (including £6,442 18s. lid. on the Morphett 
 Street Bridge) was £12,672 19s. 3d. The balance due 
 to the bank was £11,792 17s. lOd. 
 
 In the beginning of March 1870 Adelaide was the scene 
 of an unwonted occurrence. There was a riot. During 
 the whole history of Adelaide there has been no similar 
 event, although at one election meeting before the ballot 
 was introduced there were some rather exuberant 
 displays of party spirit and some fighting, and at another 
 more fighting and for a short time considerable stone 
 throwing, but the streets were quickly cleared by the 
 police and no great amount of damage was done. The 
 year 1868 was a year of depression in trade. The season 
 had been a bad one, and the rainfall low, and a large 
 number of men wanted employment. It has been the 
 custom in times like these, to which all very young 
 communities must be subject, for the Government to 
 employ ihe surplus labor at a moderate or rather low 
 rate of wages on public works. Tke rate is fixed just 
 high enough to enable a person to support himself, but
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 333^ 
 
 not high enough to induce any one not absolutely with- 
 out resources to avail himself of it. Work being scarce, 
 H number of men waited on the Commissioner of Public 
 Works (Mr. Colton) to ask him to find them employ- 
 ment. He offered to do so if they would go to the 
 reserve of the Lunatic Asylum, where they would be 
 set to work at trenching the ground at Is. lOd. per rod. 
 This price was not considered sufficient, and the deputa- 
 tion left. On the following day they assembled in force 
 in front of the Government offices, and commenced 
 hooting, yelling, and making a disturbance. As they 
 seemed disposed to proceed to violence, a small body of 
 police was sent for. Just as they arrived a number of 
 the men rushed into the Government offices and up the 
 stairs threatening the members of the Government 
 generally. The police endeavored in vain to clear the 
 passages, but were unable to do so until a number of the 
 civil servants came to their assistance. In forcing their 
 way into the crowded passages they thrust out both the 
 police and the rioters into the street, and fastened the 
 doors behind them. Finding that they could not gain 
 access to the Ministry as a whole, the mob turned their 
 attention to the Commissioner of Public Works, and 
 commenced to hustle him about. The interference of 
 the Police Commissioner put a stop to that amusement, 
 and some mounted police were sent for. They took their 
 station at the W^ay mouth-street corner, prepared to act 
 if necessary. The crowd of men had increased consi- 
 derably towards noon, when it was proposed to rush 
 the stores. About a hundred men formed in some
 
 334 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 sort of order in the middle of the street, and 
 seemed quite ready to carry out the suggestion. 
 The arrival of the mounted police seemed, however, 
 to change their intentions, and they moved off to a 
 vacant space on the Town Hall acre, where one of their 
 number harangued the crowd from a mud-cart. The 
 price offered by the Government was too low ; they 
 wanted 5s. 6d. a day and would take no less. They 
 should bring their tools, and demand work or bread ; at 
 any rate they could get food and lodging in the Gaol, 
 if they could not be procured out of it. This was the 
 tenor of the address. The mob dispersed for a time, and 
 began to re-assemble early in the afternoon. A. detach- 
 ment of about fifty advanced to the Treasury, the 
 entrance to which was guarded by some twenty policemen, 
 who vainly tried to hold the steps against them. The 
 police were dislodged and the mob tried to burst in the 
 doors. The police drew their truncheons and a general 
 scuffle took place, which was checked by the mounted 
 police, who rode along and cleared the footpath. The 
 mob re-formed on the qther side of the road, where they 
 were followed by the mounted troopers, who were obliged 
 to use the flats of their swords to disperse them. This 
 was not effected without the infliction of some wounds. 
 Stones were thrown at the police, and several of them 
 were hurt, and after a considerable amount of trouble 
 the ringleaders were arrested and the crowd dispersed. 
 They were brought before the police magisrrate on the 
 following day, and six of them were sent for trial at the 
 criminal sittings. On the representations of some of the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 335 
 
 leading men, that the sum offered by the Government 
 was not sufficient for the work required, some modifi- 
 cation of the terms was made, and the matter passed off. 
 Out of this a question arose which as yet has not been 
 settled. The Mayor considered that the Government 
 ought to have consulted him in the emergency ; in fact 
 he insisted on it as his right, that this should have been 
 done before resorting to severe measures, to repress any 
 disturbance in the city. The Government considered 
 that the emergency was one in which the police were 
 justified in interfering of their own accord. The Mayor 
 addressed a strong letter to the Government on the 
 subject, which he was asked to withdraw, but he declined 
 to do so. It must be confessed that it is not at all clear 
 that the claim of the Mayor had any legal foundation. 
 There is nothing in the " Municipal Corporations Act " 
 which confers any special jurisdiction upon the Mayor, 
 or any of the Councillors outside the walls of th« 
 Council Chamber ; and as a magistrate, the Mayor 
 possesses no power in the city which is not possessed by 
 any other person who may be in the Commission of the 
 Peace. The " English Municipal Act of 1835 " confers 
 the right of appointing the councillors on the ratepayers 
 and freemen, and the councillors in their turn elect the 
 magistrates. Similar privileges have not been conferred 
 upon the ratepayers of Adelaide by the local Act, and it 
 would seem that the pre-eminence of the Mayor rests 
 more upon courtesy than legislative enactment. It must 
 not be supposed that any wide-spread destitution gave 
 rise to this disturbance. Times of depression are seldom
 
 336 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of long duration in the Australian colonies ; although it 
 is certain that the laboring classes are the first to feel their 
 effects. In Adelaide, as in other populous towns, there 
 is always a certain floating balance of idlers, who are not 
 inclined to work at any wages, and who are foremost in 
 making an outcry on very slight foundation. It turned 
 out on enquiry that some of the leaders had money in 
 the Savings Bank.* 
 
 * S. A. Register, 4th March, 1870.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 337 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 The bridge connecting Morphett-street and the 
 western portion of the city with North Adelaide was 
 now nearly complete, and it was determined to open and 
 dedicate the new structure to public use with all the 
 ceremony that the occasion would allow. The crossing 
 over the river at the site where it was erected had in former 
 days been occupied by another bridge which had been 
 washed away by the floods. For many years the crossing 
 could only be used when the water was low, access to 
 either bank being by way of a ford for vehicles, and a 
 plank bridge on trestles for foot passengers. A rise of a 
 few feet in the stream stopped all traffic between Adelaide 
 and the north, except by way of Thebarton, or by the 
 Company's Mill Bridge on the N.E. Road, and latterly 
 by the City Bridge. This had been long found to be a 
 serious grievance, for besides the danger to life and limb 
 on dark nights, the hindrance to traffic was severely felt. 
 In 1867 the Corporation received a Parliamentary grant 
 of £3,000 towards the erection of a permanent bridge, 
 and in 1869 £3,000 more. The balance was provided 
 out of the City Funds. The first design for the bridge was
 
 338 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 furnished by Messrs. G. & W. F. Anderson, engineers, 
 and was for a suspension bridge. The design was subse- 
 quently changed for a girder bridge covered with buckled 
 plates, so as to avoid as much as possible the use of 
 timber on the roadway which spans the river at a width 
 of 170 feet. It rests on two shore abutments, and a centre 
 pier. The width between the railings is 37 feet, in- 
 cluding footways of 6 feet each in width spreading out 
 towards the ends to 12 feet at the junctions of the bridge 
 with the road. The total cost of the work was 
 £11,317 7s. Id. The anniversary of Her Majesty's 
 accession was fixed upon as a fitting day to open the 
 bridge, and His Excellency Sir James Fergusson, the 
 Governor, was asked to perform the ceremony. His 
 Excellency, however, did not consider the occasion one 
 in which Her Majesty's representative was required to 
 take part, so it was decided that the proceedings should 
 be carried out under the auspices of the Corporation, and 
 Mrs. J. M. Solomon, the wife of the Mayor, was invited 
 to perform the ceremony. June 2 1 st had been fixed by 
 the Government as a public holiday, and for convenience 
 that day was adopted. The weather was not favorable, 
 the ceremonial was thus shorn of much of its intended 
 significance because the work had not been completed by 
 the contractors, so that the "christening and dedication " of 
 the bridge was all that could be done, and there was no 
 formal opening. At 12 o'clock the carriages with the 
 Mayor and Mayoress, the Town Clerk, the Councillors, 
 and several ladies, arrived on the ground, where a very 
 large concourse of citizens had assembled. At the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 339 
 
 southern approach to the bridge a procession was formed, 
 headed by a band, followed by the Mayor in his robes, 
 the Mayoress, the Town Clerk, and Mrs. E. Solomon, 
 Mr. Councillor Garlick and Mrs. M. J. Solomon, Coun- 
 cillors Spicer, King, Wright, Raphael, Bartels, Tidemann, 
 and Allott, with ladies ; Mr. Anderson, engineer for the 
 work ; Mr. C. S. Baillie, contractor for erecting the 
 bridge, and several leading citizens. The Mayoress, 
 breaking a bottle of wine against the masonry, named it 
 the Victoria Bridge, and in a few well chosen words 
 dedicated it to the uses of the public of South Australia. 
 The assembled crowd was then addressed by the Mayor 
 and several Councillors, and the proceedings closed with 
 an expression of thanks to the engineers. The Mayor 
 and Councillors then returned to the Town Hall, where 
 His Worship entertained them, the Corporation officers, 
 and numerous guests, at luncheon. In the evening the 
 Mayoress gave a ball, at which 200 guests were present. 
 The question of the interest of the Corporation in the 
 Adelaide Waterworks, which had been disposed of by the 
 Government some time back, was again reopened ; the 
 Mayor considering that in the settlement of that question, 
 the rights of the citizens and the position of the Corporation 
 had been altogether ignored. In October, the Mayor 
 and Corporation petitioned the House of Assembly, that in 
 passing the Adelaide and Suburban Waterworks Bill, then 
 before Parliament, a clause might be introduced vesting 
 the works in the Corporation, on payment of £367,000. 
 A few days after this petition had been received, the 
 Attorney-General (Mr. R. C. Baker), moved for a select
 
 340 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 committee to enquire into the question of vesting the 
 waterworks in the Corporations of Adelaide and Port 
 Adelaide ; and to report generally in relation thereto, to 
 the House of Assembly. After sitting for a month, and 
 examining many witnesses, and thoroughly investigating 
 the financial aspects of the case, as represented by the 
 Government and the Mayor respectively ; the Committee 
 came to the decision wliich was adopted by the Legisla- 
 ture, that the waterworks should not be vested in, or be 
 under the care or control of any Corporation or District 
 Council. In the course of the enquiry, the Mayor 
 admitted that it was advisable that the Government 
 should retain the control of the works, but claimed 
 compensation amounting to £20,000 for the confiscation 
 of certain rights conferred upon the Adelaide Corporation 
 by the original Act. On this point the Committee did 
 not consider that the Corporation had acquired any 
 valuable right or interest in the waterworks, but that 
 their prospect of ever acquiring them under the terms 
 of the Act had become worse every year since the 
 beginning of the undertaking. They recommended that 
 the Clauses relating to the transfer of the works to 
 the Corporation should be unconditionally repealed ; but 
 that water should be supplied free of cost to the Corpora- 
 tion buildings in Adelaide and Port Adelaide ; and also 
 for drinking-fountains and street- watering purposes. 
 
 Before the close of the session another attempt was 
 made to procure the funds necessary for the drainage of 
 the city. The subject was brought before Parliament, 
 and a great deal of debating took place on the question.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 341 
 
 Eventually the following resolution was adopted by the 
 House of Assembly : "That it is desirable that the 
 Government should introduce a Bill to guarantee the 
 payment of the principal, and the payment of the 
 interest on a loan to be issued, for the purpose of 
 providing for the efficient drainage of the City of 
 Adelaide, power being taken by the Government in 
 such Bill, to levy special rates on all rateable pro- 
 perty in the city ; to recoup the Government for all 
 payments made under such guarantee, and interest 
 on such payments until the same are satisfied." That 
 resolution was never acted upon, and to this time the 
 drainage of the city remains untouched, notwithstanding 
 an attempt was made by Councillor Hince, who moved 
 that steps should be taken by the Council to press on the 
 Government the desirability of preparing a Bill to give 
 effect to the resolution of the House, but it was nega- 
 tived. A Building Bill was laid before Parliament in the 
 course of the year, but at its close it had not become law. 
 The Mayor's report, which was presented to the 
 Council at the end of November, was in many respects 
 more satisfactory than others which had preceded it. The 
 large overdraft due to the bank, and the heavy loss 
 which had been sustained by the city in consequence ot 
 the frauds which had been committed, had necessitated 
 a more careful administration of the finances of the 
 Corporation than had previously taken place. The 
 Mayor was therefore able to report at the close of his 
 term of office that the debt of the city (exclusive of the 
 bonded debt) had been reduced from £12,294 9s. 8d. to
 
 342 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 £9,551 17s. Id. He also strongly urged upon the 
 Council the necessity for obtaining the assistance of the 
 ^jrovernment in erecting a bridge at the site of the old 
 Frome Brido;e. 
 
 The annual elections made a great change in the con- 
 stitution of the Council. Mr. Solomon again became 
 Mayor, and Messrs. Hince, Madge, R. O. Fox, J. Bag- 
 shaw, Devenish, and W. A. Cawthorne, supplied the 
 vacancies made by the retirement of Messrs. Bartels, 
 Garlick, Wright, Spicer, Tidemann, and S. Raphael. 
 The revenue of the city for 1870 had been £22,392 
 I9s. 2d., of which £10,380 16s. Id. had been derived from 
 rates, £5,666 5s. Id. from the Government, and the 
 remainder from various sources. The expenditure on 
 Public Works, including the purchase of acre 333 
 for a City Market (£1,497 13s. lOd.), amounted to 
 £13,957 2s. 5d., whilst the cost of salaries and office 
 expenses was £2,636 7s. 6d. The assessment for the 
 new year was £212,841. The increase on the previous 
 vear though but small showed that the general depres- 
 sion of trade under which the colony had suffered was 
 passing away. The estimate of receipts and expenditure 
 laid before the City Council anticipated an increase of 
 only £1,400, so that any great outlay on new public 
 works could not be expected. Still there was ample 
 opportunity for advancement in municipal legislation 
 which was not altogether thrown away. The great 
 object the Mayor had in view in dealing with the city 
 finances was to reduce the outstanding debt. The 
 arrangements which had been made for the annual ex-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 848 
 
 jDenditure were based on the supposition that the grant- 
 in-aid from the Government would be paid as usual after 
 deducting the amount fixed for the city contribution 
 towards the Police Fund, and it was expected that tht* 
 bank directors would make a concession to the Corpora- 
 tion in the rate of interest charged bj them on the City 
 Debt. The Government, however, departed from the 
 usual course, and required the Corporation to pay their 
 quota in cash or by cheque without reference to any 
 payments to be made to them subsequently in the shape 
 of o;rants-in-aid. Moreover, the Government discontinued 
 the practice of subsidising many works which in previous 
 vears had been reco2:nised, and under this head there 
 was a loss to the Corporation of £3,000. The Govern- 
 ment proposed also to reimburse themselves for grants 
 previously made on account of such works, and that 
 would have made up an amount of £9,000. This 
 demand was not persisted in. The bank directors did 
 not see their way to meet the requirements of the 
 Mayor, so that the debt at the close of the year was 
 reduced by only £1,000. Fortunately the actual receipts 
 for the year amounted to £28,000 instead of £24,000, as 
 had been estimated, so that the expenditure on public 
 works actually increased during the year. 
 
 Several measures of law affecting the city occupied 
 the attention of the Parliament, and an Act was passed 
 authorising the Council to lease a portion of the Park 
 Lands as a Cricket Ground, and a Bill introduced to amend 
 the Torreus Improvement Act, to enable the Corpora- 
 tion to lease the waters after the proposed dam had been
 
 344 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 constructed, but the year closed before it could be 
 passed. The new Building Act which had been pro- 
 mised by the Government was still in abeyance, and had 
 not been introduced. The Road Bill — which was intended 
 to divide the colony into districts — containing provisions 
 which would have pressed hard upon the City Funds 
 was shelved. A public meeting of the citizens held in 
 the Town Hall, at which the injustice to city interests 
 which the Bill was calculated to inflict upon the cit}^ was 
 strongly pointed out, was mainly instrumental in causing 
 it to be laid aside. The Glenelg Railway Bill, much 
 modified in accordance with the views of the Corpora- 
 tion, became law, and without interfering unduly with 
 vested rights, afforded many facilities for the develop- 
 ment of the traffic betweeii Adelaide and Glenelg. 
 
 At the instance of the Mayor, a close investigation 
 was instituted into the question of the sale of meat 
 within the city by means of a Select Committee ap- 
 pointed for the purpose. The inquiry was held in 
 consequence of a report from the Mayor to the CounciL 
 based on complaints made to him of serious sickness in^ 
 several families having been caused by the use ofl 
 unwholesome meat sold as sound and fit for food. The 
 investigation terminated without having come to any I 
 positive conclusion as to the truth of the complaints 
 which had been made, but the Committee recommended 
 that application should be made to the Legislature to 
 give power to appoint an officer to examine all provisions 
 exposed for sale in the City of Adelaide, and to seize and
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 345 
 
 destroy such as might be found unfit for human con- 
 sumption. 
 
 A Select Committee was also appointed to inquire 
 into the subject of the drainage of Adelaide. It met in 
 September, but it had not brought its deliberations to u 
 close at the end of the year. During the year the 
 Council were empowered by a vote of the citizens to 
 impose a gas-rate of twopence in the £ on the assess- 
 ment, and by this vote the street lamps were again lit, 
 much to the comfort and safety of the public. It was 
 found on examination that during the time they had 
 remained unlit considerable damage had been done to 
 them, and their repair became a heavy charge on the 
 city funds. 
 
 The death of Lady Edith Fergusson, the wife of His 
 Excellency the Governor, which took place on the 28th 
 October, cast a gloom over all classes of the community. 
 During her comparatively short residence in the colony, 
 her gentle manners and amiable disposition had endeared 
 her to all with whom her ladyship had come in contact, 
 but her unaffected piety and widely-spread though un- 
 demonstrative charity and benevolence, had raised a 
 feeling of admiration for her character which is not yet 
 forgotten. Her ladyship was the second daughter of the 
 Marquis of Dalhousie, who had filled the distinguished 
 office of Governor- General of India. The interment 
 took place in the Xorth Adelaide Cemetery, where the 
 last offices of the Church of England were read at the 
 grave by His Lordship the Bishop and the Rev. Canon 
 Dove. Their Honors the Judges, most of the members
 
 346 GITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of both Houses of Parliament, the Foreign Consuls, a 
 large number of Magistrates and members of the Civil 
 Service, and an immense concourse of private persons of 
 all classes, followed the distinguished lady's remains to 
 their last resting place. Sermons were preached in the 
 various places of worship in the city, and the general 
 sorrow was almost as universally felt as at the decease 
 of His Excellency Sir Dominick Daly. The Council 
 sent a letter of condolence to His Excellency couched in 
 the following terms : — 
 
 " To His Excellencv the Riarht Honorable Sir James 
 Fergusson, Bart., Member of Her Majesty's Privy 
 Council, Governor-in-Chief of the Province of 
 South Australia, &c. 
 
 " We, the Mayor and Councillors of the City of 
 Adelaide, in Council assembled, on behalf of the Council 
 and Corporation of the city, venture to approach your 
 Excellency with expressions of deep grief upon the 
 affliction which it has pleased the Almighty God to visit 
 your Excellency and your family in the removal by 
 death of Lady Edith. 
 
 " We venture to offer to your Excellency our heart- 
 felt sympathy and condolence upon the loss you have 
 sustained, and at the same time to express our full con- 
 viction that the eminent virtues of Lady Edith will cause 
 her memory to be revered by all classes of Her 
 Majesty's subjects in this province. 
 
 " We most sincerely and fervently pray that Almighty 
 God may strengthen your Excellency under your afflic-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 347 
 
 tion, and that you may be long spared in the career to 
 which Her Most Gracious Majesty has appointed you. 
 
 " Dated at the Council Chamber, Town Hall, in the 
 City of Adelaide, 31st October, 1871. 
 
 " J. M. Solomon, Mayor. 
 
 " Thojias Worsnop, Town Clerk." 
 
 The customary report from the Mayor on the 
 expiry of his term of office showed favorably for the 
 City Council, and the result of the new elections gave 
 evidence of the general approval of the citizens of their 
 labors. Mr. Solomon retired from the mayoralty, and 
 was succeeded by Mr. A. H. F. Bartels, the first German 
 colonist who had occupied the civic chair, and Messrs. 
 J. Wright and E. S. Wigg became Councillors in the 
 place of Messrs. R. O. Fox and W. King, whose term of 
 office had expired. The amount received from rates 
 during the year was £10,655 18s. 11. ; the Government 
 grant was £7,471 14s. 6d. ; the rate for lighting the city, 
 £1,745 ; and the receipts from miscellaneous sources, 
 £7,502 17s. 9d. The expenditure on public works was 
 £16,520 12s. 6d. ; on salaries and office expenses, 
 £2,833 Is. 9d. ; and miscellaneous charges, £8,607 7s. 9d. 
 The balance due to the bank was £8,551 17s, Id.
 
 348 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 From some cause now difficult to explain, the assessed 
 value of the rateable property in the city was actually 
 less than it had been two years previously. The popu- 
 lation had increased, public and private buildings had 
 also increased in number, and there were no special 
 circumstances pressing upon the colony to affect the 
 value of property in any serious degree. This fact 
 naturally led the Corporation to contract their operations 
 as much as possible, and to limit them to the execution 
 of works which were urgent. The estimate which had 
 been formed of the resources J^r the year was £23,000, 
 and the amount available^ at £13,485. Besides the falling 
 off in revenue, owing to the low assessment, the City 
 Funds were further decreased by the refusal of the 
 Government to consider any outlay on the Park Lands 
 as coming within the meaning of the vote for grants-in- 
 aid. The consequence was that only £1,081 was spent 
 upon them instead of £,1,600 as had been intended, and 
 the amount of the outlay under this head was not 
 subsidised. The city members, however, were able with 
 the assistance of some of the country members of the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 349 
 
 House of Assembly, to secure the passing of a resolution 
 under which the cost of the City Police should be 
 deducted in future from the grant-in-aid, thus offering 
 the principle for which the City Council had long con- 
 tended, that the amount charged to the Corporation 
 should not be considered as requiring an equivalent 
 amount to be spent on public works before the grant-in- 
 aid should be paid over to the Corporation. In spite, 
 however, of the difficulties which the Council had to 
 meet, the progress made in city works was of a satis- 
 factory character. Three new roads, affording access to 
 the city in the north were opened, and the condition of 
 the public streets was vastly improved. Additions were 
 made to the Sheep and Cattle Markets, which were 
 enlarged, and the accommodation for the salesmen much 
 increased. In order to extend the improvements already 
 made, and to provide Meat and Skin Markets, and to 
 make further additions to the City Market, it was pro- 
 posed to obtain legislative sanction to the borrowing of 
 £20,000, a portion of which was to be devoted to the 
 reduction of the debt due to the bank, and to the 
 enlargement of the City Baths. This matter, however, 
 was postponed until the next meeting of the Parliament. 
 The buildings and machinery at the slaughterhouses 
 were much improved, and greater and more extended 
 conveniences supplied to the cattle salesmen and butchers, 
 for whose use they were made. Nothing was done 
 towards the erection of the new bridge at the Frome- 
 road, because the Parliament had not agreed to any vote 
 for the purpose in aid of the city funds, and although
 
 350 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 some improvements were made in the approaches to the 
 City Bridge, want of means prevented all that was 
 required from being done. A correspondence was 
 opened with the Government on the subject of 
 widening the City Bridge-road, but nothing definite 
 had resulted from it at the close of the year. Some 
 important measures affecting the city now occupied 
 the attention of the Legislature — " The River 
 Torrens Improvement Act" was amended ; " The 
 Savings Bank Act " was also amended, and the managers 
 empowered to invest funds in Corporation securities. 
 An Act was also passed providing that after the 1st 
 May, 1873, all carts, carriages, and other vehicles driven 
 after sunset in the city, or within ten miles thereof, 
 should carry at least one light. A Permissive Bill for 
 the regulation of public houses was introduced. It 
 contained a singularly oppressive provision. It was, 
 that in the event of any licensed public house being 
 closed by the withdrawal of the licence, the Corporation 
 should be called upon to pay to the owner one half the 
 amount of the compensation which might be awarded to 
 him for the loss of his trade. There was not the 
 slightest foundation in justice or in equity for such a 
 provision, inasmuch as the Corporation had nothing to 
 do with the issuing of the licenses, had no share in the 
 regulation or control of the houses, and received nothing 
 from the licensing fees. On the representations of the 
 City Council this provision was struck out of the Bill, 
 which, however, did not pass the Legislature. A Bill to 
 provide for the storage of explosive oils was brought
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 351 
 
 before the Parliament and postponed. The new Road 
 Bill also, which would have saddled the Corporation 
 with oneth-ird of the cost of maintaining some 600 
 miles of country road, was successfully opposed. A,t the 
 instance of the city members, acting ^ the i»slft»ee of 
 the Corporation, the House of Assembly affirmed the 
 necessity of increasing the number of representatives 
 for the city, by erecting North Adelaide into a separate 
 district, to return one member. Bills were also prepared 
 for the consolidation of the City By-laws, to regulate 
 the erection of buildings in the city, and a Municipal 
 Endowments Bill. Under this last it was proposed to 
 make grants to Corporations of certain portions of the 
 waste lands of the Crown, the annual proceeds of which 
 should be applied to Corporation purposes, so as to take 
 the place of the grants-in-aid of the revenues of munici- 
 palities when 4hftfr grants should be discontinued. The 
 proposal, whatever its intrinsic merits might have been, 
 did not commend itself to the minds of the Legislature, 
 and the project fell into abeyance. 
 
 The most important circumstance relating to the city, 
 indeed one of the most important; in the history of the 
 province, was the opening of the Transcontinental Tele- 
 graph Line, which united the whole of the Australias 
 into one system, and placed those colonies in direct com- 
 munication with the rest of the civilised world. The 
 subject was first brought before the Governor in 1858 by 
 Mr. C. Todd, Superintendent of Telegraphs, and the 
 Governor, Sir Richard Macdonnell, thought the matter 
 of sufficient importance to make a special representation
 
 352 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 upon it to the Secretary of State. After Stuart had 
 made his second journey across the continent, the project 
 was again brought forward, and Mr. Todd's proposal, 
 besides being approved of by the Governor and Govern- 
 ment, was warmly advocated by the leading electricians 
 and telegraph engineers in Great Britain. Severe 
 drought in the interior, and the consequent general 
 depression of business and trade, caused the matter to 
 fall into abeyance until the year 1870, when Commander 
 Noel Osborne, R.N., representing the British Australian 
 Telegraph Company, came to the colony in order to obtain 
 leave to land a submarine cable from Java at or near Port 
 Darwin, and to construct a land line thence to Normanton, 
 so as to join the telegraph system of Queensland. On the 
 subject being revived, the Hon. H. B. T. Strangways, then 
 at the head of the Ministry, entered into it most warmly, as 
 did also Sir James Fergusson in a very earnest manner. 
 A Bill authorising a loan for the construction of an over- 
 land line from Port Darwin to Adelaide was passed, and a 
 contract entered into with the British Australian Tele- 
 graph Company binding the Government to complete the 
 work by January, 1872, a period of 18 months. The 
 plant was ordered from England, and the necessary 
 arrangements entered into for commencing the work in 
 three sections, one north from Adelaide, and the second 
 south from Port Darwin, and the middle section from 
 either end, as might be found most convenient. The 
 contractors for the northern section of the line failed to 
 carry out their agreement, and their contract having 
 been annulled, the work was undertaken by the Govern-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 353 
 
 ment. Mr. R. C. Patterson, assistant engineer, was sent 
 out in charge with an immense quantity of cattle and 
 horses for transport purposes to complete the under- 
 taking. His success was not greater than that of the 
 contractors, for during the rainy season, which was 
 extremely severe, the loss of cattle was so great as 
 almost to stop proceedings, in fact further progress was 
 impossible without large reinforcements. Mr. Todd was 
 at once despatched by the Government with the necessary 
 supplies, and a small steamer for the navigation of the 
 Roper River was sent out. The Omeo and Tararua, 
 large steamers of 700 or 800 tons, proceeded to the 
 Northern Territory, and were able to land their cargoes 
 of stores 80 miles up the Roper. Wet weather again 
 checked operations, but in spite of all difficulties the 
 final junction of the wires took place on 21st August, 
 connectins: Adelaide and Port Darwin bv a laud line 
 2,000 miles long in about two years. On Mr. Todd's 
 return to Adelaide, the success of the enterprise was 
 celebrated by banquets in all the colonies. In Adelaide 
 there was a special demonstration on the 15th of Novem- 
 ber, which was observed as a public holiday. Mr. Todd 
 and his party were met by a number of public bodies at 
 the General Post Office, and proceeded in procession to 
 the Exhibition Building on the East Park Lands, where the 
 Governor, with his suite, were present. On the arrival 
 of the cortege^ after a formal welcome had been tendered 
 to Mr. Todd and his companions, the Hon. Sir John 
 Morphett, President of the Reception Committee, pre- 
 sented Mr. Todd with an address of congratulation on 
 
 X
 
 354 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 the successful result of his labors. Another address was 
 presented by Mr. C. Balk from the various German 
 societies, and other addresses from the various Friendly 
 societies in the colony. A presentation was also made 
 to Mr. R. C. Burton, the leader of the overland con- 
 struction party. Various amusements and sports were 
 provided on the Exhibition Grounds, which were exten- 
 sively patronised during the day. In the evening Mr. 
 Todd and his party were entertained at a grand banquet 
 in the Town Hall, over which His Excellency Sir James 
 Fergnsson presided. All the leading colonists attended, 
 including His Lordship the Bishop, the Chief Justice, the 
 President of the Legislative Council, the Speaker of the 
 House of Assembly, the members of the Ministry, the 
 various heads of departments, the Foreign Consuls, &c. 
 The Governor proposed the toast of the evening, which 
 was most cordially responded to. In the course of the 
 evening messages were sent by the Governor to the 
 Eight Hon. Earl Kimberley, Secretary of State, an- 
 nouncing the completion and formal opening of the lino 
 of telegraph across Australia, which was duly responded 
 to. The Mayor also sent the subjoined message to the 
 Mayors of New York, San Francisco, Sydney, and Mel- 
 bourne : — 
 
 "Mayor of Adelaide congratulates the Mayor of 
 New York [San Francisco, Sydney, Melbourne] on 
 the occasion of the banquet in Adelaide, celebrating the 
 completion of telegraphic communication with the whole 
 world."
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 355 
 
 The following replies were received, some in the 
 course of the evening: — 
 
 [Received 16th November, 3h. 22m. a.m.] 
 " Mayor of Adelaide — 
 '• The banks of the Hudson fair Adelaide has hied 
 with her cheery greeting. This metropolis of the 
 western hemisphere congratulates a new metropolis of 
 the eastern upon this full rivetting of Anglo-Saxon 
 brotherhood, 
 
 ''Mayor of New York." 
 
 [Received 16th November, 5h. 15m. a.m.] 
 " Mayor of San Francisco to Mayor of Adelaide — 
 
 "The Mayor of San Francisco congratulates the 
 Mayor of Adelaide on an event of so much interest and 
 importance to the commercial relations of Australia and 
 California." 
 
 [Received 16th November, 6h. 40m. p.m.] 
 " To the Mayor of Adelaide — 
 " Your message received, and I warmly reciprocate 
 vour cono;ratulations on this s^reat event, which is so 
 largely due to the spirit of South Australia. 
 
 " Sir Hercules Robinson, Banquet, Sydney." 
 
 [Received 16th November, llh. 46m. a.m.] 
 " The Mayor of Melbourne to Mayor of Adelaide — 
 
 " The Mayor of Melbourne reciprocates congratula- 
 tions of the Mayor of Adelaide, and honors South 
 Australian enterprise in connection with telegraphic 
 linking of Australian colonies with worlds old and 
 new."
 
 356 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 To Sir Hercules Robinson, Governor of New South 
 Wales, the Mayor replied — 
 
 " Mayor of Adelaide thankfully acknowledges His 
 Excellency's congratulatory telegram, and desires to 
 reciprocate his kind expressions of sympathy." 
 
 The Mayor had not waited for the inaugural banquet, 
 to convey his congratulations to the Chief Magistrate of 
 the metropolis of the world. On Monday, 21st October, 
 Mr. Bartels sent the following telegram to the Right 
 Hon. the Lord Mayor of London: — 
 
 " The Mayor of Adelaide congratulates the Right 
 Hon. the Lord Mayor of London on the opening of 
 telegraphic communication between Australia and Great 
 Britain, and trusts that the communication so auspiciously 
 begun, may still further cement those feelings of loyalty 
 and attachment to Her Majesty's throne and person 
 which characterise the whole of the Australian provinces 
 of the British Empire." 
 
 The following day the Lord Mayor of London replied : 
 " To the Mayor of Adelaide— 
 
 " The Lord Mayor of London is much gratified by 
 the receipt of the telegram from the Mayor of Adelaide, 
 and fully reciprocates the very kindly expressions in his 
 most aQ:reeable communication." 
 
 The message from the Mayor and the Lord Mayor's 
 reply were recorded in tlie archives of the City of 
 London. 
 
 The Corporation of Adelaide up to this time had had 
 nothing save its experimental existence, extinction, and 
 eventual reconstitution to contribute to the history of the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 357 
 
 world. The fact that Adelaide was the birthplace of 
 Municipal Government in the British Colonial Empire 
 had in itself but a trifling interest. The opening of the 
 through telegraph to London invested it with a signifi- 
 cance which it did not possess before, because it was the 
 first step towards placing South Australia in her true 
 position in the new southern world. If, as His Excel- 
 lency Sir William Drummond Jervois, K.C.M.G., has 
 publicly stated, South Australia possesses the key to the 
 whole Australian Continent, the telegraph line must con- 
 stitute one of the most important elements in securing 
 for it that position. The centre of telegraphic communi- 
 cation in a great country must eventually become the 
 centre of postal communication. South Australia already 
 possesses the control of the inland navigation of the 
 Australian Continent. Railway connection with the 
 eastern colonies, and at a time not far distant with the 
 Indian Ocean by means of an overland line, must make 
 her the centre of railway communication. Necessarily, 
 therefore, she must become the commercial centre of 
 Australia, and Adelaide virtually the chief city in the 
 Australian Group of colonies. This is no wild specula- 
 tion. It is a substantial fact which is gradually but 
 surely in process of realisation. A very few years will 
 sweep away the mist from the vision of jealous rivals, 
 and instead of endeavoring, as in times past, to ride 
 rough shod, by means of temporary riches,* over what 
 
 * Some years ago, by sheer force of wealth, the colony of Victoria obtained 
 the control of the mail contract with the Peninsular and Oriental S. N. Company, 
 and compelled South Australia either to send for her mails to Melbourne or to 
 maintain an expensive branch service to King George's Sound to meet the mail 
 steamer there, although Adelaide is more than 500 miles nearer to Europe than 
 Victoria. The expense of this to South Australia was about £12,000 a year.
 
 358 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 even recently has been called a "farinaceous village," 
 they will be glad to recognise her power, influence, and 
 resources, and seek her aid in gaining a more lasting 
 development than they wish now to acknowledge as 
 being in any way dependent on her position and enter- 
 prise. 
 
 The completion of a grand work like the Trans- 
 continental Telegraph was not passed over without 
 recognition at the hands of the Crown. It has already 
 been stated that Mr. Todd was created a Companion 
 of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and 
 ■St. George ; the Hon. H. Ayers, M.L.C., who had 
 already received the Companionship of the Order, was 
 promoted to the rank of a Knight Commander. 
 He had, however, taken no part in the inception or 
 advancement of the scheme. The Hon. H. B. T- 
 Strangways, by whose efforts, when a Minister of the 
 Crown, the enterprise was undertaken, was passed over, 
 and his services remiain unrecognised and unacknow- 
 ledged.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. '6bd 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 At the annual elections, Mr. Bartels was again 
 chosen as Mayor ; the only alteration in the Council 
 being the election of Mr. J. S. Stacy in the place of Mr. 
 F. G. Hince. During the year £10,483 9s. 5d. had been 
 received from rates ; gas rate £1,750 8s. 5d.; and for 
 waterino^ the streets £370 14s. lOd. The Government 
 o:rant was only £4,019 6s. Id., making with misceUaneous 
 receipts £7,581 13s. 6d,, a total revenue of 24,205 12s. 3d. 
 Of this £1,551 17s. Id. was expended in reduction of 
 the city debt to the bank; £1,864 5s. Id. on account of 
 interest on overdraft bonds, and £14,080 16s. 8d. on 
 public works; on establishments £2,518 2s. 3d. ; on street 
 lighting £1,639 5s. 5s., and on miscellaneous charges 
 £2,385 8s. 6d. The assessment for the coming year 
 was £212,948. 
 
 Almost immediately after the elections in December, 
 1872, Sir James Fergusson left the colony. At a fare- 
 well levee the following address was presented to His 
 Excellency : — 
 
 '' To His Excellency the Right Honorable Sir James 
 Fergusson, Bart., a Member of Her Majesty's
 
 360 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Most Honorable Privy Council, Governor and 
 Commander-in-Chief in and over Her Majesty's 
 Province of South Australia, and the Dependencies 
 thereof. 
 " May it please your Excellency — 
 
 " We, the Mayor and Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide, desire to express the regret we feel at the 
 removal of your Excellency from the government of this 
 province, a government which has been marked through- 
 out by sound judgment and discretion under circum- 
 stances of the most trying character. 
 
 " The active part your Excellency has at all times 
 taken in advancing the interests of the province has won 
 the respect and esteem of the citizens of Adelaide. 
 
 " In expressing regret at your Excellency's departure 
 we venture to hope you may be spared for many long 
 years to fill with honor the high office to which it has 
 pleased Her Most Gracious Majesty to appoint you.* 
 " A. H. F. Bartels, Mayor. 
 " Thomas Worsnop, Town Clerk." 
 His Excellency replied — 
 " To the Worshipful Mayor and Corporation of the City 
 
 of Adelaide. 
 '• Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen — 
 
 " I thank you for the address in which you have been 
 pleased to express your general approval and kind 
 appreciation of my services. It is a valuable encourage- 
 ment and a cheering reminiscence that I should part on 
 terms of cordiality and regard from the municipal repre- 
 
 * Hi§ Excellency had been appointed to the Government of New Zealand.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. .*)61 
 
 flentatives of this capital city in which my residence has 
 so long been placed. 
 
 " There has been in my power but little to promote 
 the prosperity and to encourage the industries of this 
 growing city. But admiring as I do its fair proportions, 
 its stately site, and its healthy situation, I would express 
 my hope that the continued prosperity of the colony will 
 hasten the completion of its handsome design, and that 
 the increased means at the disposal of its municipal 
 government may facilitate the extension of all measures 
 desirable for the comfort, enjoyment, and health of its 
 inhabitants. " James Fergusson, Governor. 
 
 " Government House, December 4, 1872." 
 
 Prior to his departure, His Excellency was entertained 
 at a banquet in White's Assembly Rooms. It was 
 largely attended, and was one of the most respectable, 
 intelligent, and influential gatherings that has ever 
 assembled in the City of Adelaide. 
 
 After the Governor had left South Australia, its 
 affairs were administered by Sir Richard Davies Hanson, 
 the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The new 
 Governor, Anthony Musgrave, Esq., C.M.G., late 
 Governor of Natal, arrived in the colony on the 8th of 
 .June. On the day following an address was presented 
 to him in the following terms : — 
 
 " To His Excellency Anthony Musgrave, Esq., Companion 
 of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael 
 and St. George, Captain- General and Governor-in- 
 Chief of the Province of South Australia, &c. 
 " May it please your Excellency — 
 
 '' We, the Mayor and Councillors of the City ot
 
 362 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Adelaide, on behalf of the citizens, respectfully con- 
 gratulate your Excellency on your safe arrival in this 
 city. 
 
 " We cordially welcome your Excellency as the 
 representative of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, 
 and we feel assured that the allegiance of the people of 
 this province to the Throne and Constitution of the 
 British Empire will be exemplified in the attachment 
 which will be shown to your Excellency's office and 
 person. 
 
 " Your Excellency has arrived at an opportune time 
 in the history of this province. Its agriculturists have 
 been blessed with an abundant harvest, whilst its mineral 
 and other resources are being greatly developed, and we 
 cherish the hope that during your Excellency's tenure of 
 office all the varied interests of the province will be 
 marked by increased prosperity. 
 
 '^ Allow us also cordially to welcome Mrs. Musgrave, 
 and to express our hope that during your residence in 
 South Australia every member of your Excellency's 
 family may largely share in the blessings of health and 
 happiness. 
 
 " Signed on behalf of the Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide this 9th day of June, 1873. 
 
 " Adolph H. F. Bartels, Mayor. 
 " Thomas Worsnop, Town Clerk." 
 
 His Excellency's reply was — 
 " Mr. Mayor and, Gentlemen — 
 
 '' It is very pleasant to me to receive your friendly 
 welcome on my arrival among you.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 363 
 
 " Of your loyal attachment to the Throne and person 
 of Our Gracious Sovereign there can be no doubt, nor 
 that you will render to Her Majesty's representative the 
 consideration which is due to his oflSce, but I will also 
 hope, in time, when we are better acquainted, to win 
 from you while in office some personal regard — such, at 
 least, is my desire, and the aspiration is not unworthy. 
 
 " I am not unaware of the advantacce to an adminis- 
 trator of a period of prosperity, but it was not on this 
 account that I heard with much gratification of the 
 bountiful harvest with which you have been blessed, and 
 of the growing development of your mineral and other 
 resources. 
 
 " It will be to me indeed a cause of the greatest satis- 
 faction if in any manner during my residence among you 
 I can assist in promoting still further prosperity. 
 
 " Mrs. Musgrave joins me in thanking you for your 
 cordial welcome', and in the hope that our association 
 with South Australia may be as agreeable to you as we 
 confidently anticipate that it will be to us. 
 
 " A. MusGKAVE, Governor. 
 
 " Adelaide, June, 1873." 
 
 The second year of Mr. Bartel's tenure of office was 
 not of an eventful character. The Parliament passed a 
 Bill to make provision for the safe storage of kerosene 
 and other explosive or inflammable fluids within the 
 boundaries of the city and of other Corporations, and a 
 Public Health Bill was also passed, but the Building Bill, 
 like other similar Bills, failed to secure the sanction of 
 the Legislature. The Road Bill, which had been
 
 364 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 rejected in the previous session of Parliament, was re- 
 introduced, but again it was negatived, partly because its 
 provisions were not consistent with justice to the City of 
 Adelaide. A Parliamentary vote of £6,000 towards the 
 cost of a new City Bridge was promised to be placed on 
 the Estimates for the following year, and the widening 
 of the City Bridge Road was commenced, and the 
 necessary laud was obtained in John and Poole-streets to 
 admit of the widening of the approach to the bridge on 
 the north side. 
 
 The estimated receipts for the year were £23,000, of 
 which it had been proposed to devote £11,500 to public 
 works. The actual receipts amounted to £28,170, 
 £10,677 being derived from rates, £4,788 from the 
 Government grant, £1,705 from the gas rate, and £308 
 from the street-watering rate. The expenditure on 
 public works was £17,680 ; on lighting the streets? 
 £2,001 ; on establishments, £3,010 ; on miscellaneous 
 charges, £2,384 ; and £1,773 on interest, &c. No re- 
 duction in the bank debt took place, but £500 due on 
 bonds was paid off. Messrs. Boucaut and F. Bruce were 
 appointed City Solicitors in the room of Mr. T. B. Bruce, 
 who had died in the previous year. 
 
 Mr. Councillor Allott was elected Mayor at the close 
 of the year, and Messrs. M. Goode and T. Johnson filled 
 the vacancies in the City Council caused by the retire- 
 ment as Councillors of Messrs. Allott and Cawthorne. 
 The new assessment amounted to £216,991, showing an 
 increase over that of the previous year of £4,043, an 
 amount which, considering the general improvement in
 
 CITY OP ADELAIDE. 3^6 
 
 the commerce and revenue of the colony, was less than 
 had been expected. The progress made in city improve- 
 ments, however, was considerable, and showed a marked 
 advance beyond that attained in the preceding years. 
 The widening of the City Bridge-road was vigorously 
 proceeded with, and steps were taken towards obtaining 
 the new bridge for which £6,000 had been voted during 
 the previous year by the Legislature. A new road 
 called Bagot's-road was opened out through Stanley - 
 street in North Adelaide. New sheds were erected in 
 the City Market, and considerable improvements made 
 in the accommodation provided at the Sheep and Cattle 
 Market. An attempt was made to induce the dealers in 
 hides and skins to make use of a market-house which 
 had been provided near the slaughterbouse for the sale 
 of their goods, but it met with but limited success. 
 
 Early in the municipal year, viz., at the close of 
 1873, an Act was passed intituled the Municipal Cor- 
 porations Amendment Act, 1873, under the provisions of 
 which the number of wards in the city was increased. 
 Grey Ward and Robe Ward were each divided into two 
 wards, returning two Councillors, thus increasing the 
 number of members in the City Council from eight to 
 twelve. This Act also made all documents produced in 
 Courts of Law, sealed with the common seal of the Cor- 
 poration, and purporting to be signed by the Mayor and 
 Town Clerk, sufficient evidence of the due making by 
 the Council and the Corporation of such acts as the 
 document might represent. It also provides that any 
 lease or demise made by or in the name of the Corpora-
 
 366 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 tion of the City of Adelaide, and to which the common 
 seal was attached, and signed and countersigned as 
 before, good and valid, without being required to be 
 made or executed by or in the name of the Council, or 
 without the appointment by the Council of agents to 
 represent the Corporation. In addition to this it gave 
 greater facilities for appeals against assessments, and 
 increased the power of the City Council to make by-laws, 
 besides extending the application of by-laws already 
 made. It further extended the borrowing powers of the \ 
 Corporation, and empowered the Council to purchase ' 
 and hold lands both inside and outside the city. Imme- 
 diately after the passing of the Health Act, the Council, 
 acting as the Local Board of Health, proceeded to 
 frame the by-laws and regulations necessary to enforce 
 the provisions of the Act, but some difficulty was 
 experienced at the outset in bringing them into 
 operation. The Road Act, which had been rejected on 
 so many occasions, at length became law — shorn, how- 
 ever, of those clauses which pressed hardly on the City 
 Funds — but conferring the right on the Corporation to 
 take part in the election of members of the Central 
 District. An Act was also passed consolidating the 
 various Waterworks Acts, which confirmed the right of 
 the city to a full and free supply of water for the City 
 Baths, street-watering purposes, and for the use of the 
 Corporation buildings. 
 
 A petition was presented to Parliament praying for a 
 more equitable adjustment of the amount deducted from 
 the grant-in-aid for police purposes. In compliance with
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 367 
 
 its prayer a reduction was made in the amount payable 
 by the city equal to the cost of ten constables. 
 
 A loan of £9,000 secured on 5 per cent, bonds was 
 negotiated at a small premium by means of which the 
 bank overdraft was paid off and a considerable annual 
 saving effected in the shape of interest. Of the balance, 
 £1,600 was deposited with the bank at 4 J per cent, 
 interest to await the completion of the purchase of Acres 
 379 and 380, these being the original acres bought for 
 the purpose of establishiog the City Market. 
 
 A scheme proposed by the Town Clerk for the im- 
 provement of the central portion of the city was brought 
 under the notice of the Corporation, and engaged the 
 attention of the Council for some time. It was proposed 
 that the authority of the Legislature should be obtained 
 for the purchase of the whole of Acres 267, 306, 335, 
 and 378, on the west side of Victoria-square, with all the 
 buildings thereon, and that a road 132 feet wide should 
 be made through the centre of the square and the Par- 
 liament Houses and University buildings erected in a 
 line with the eastern alignment of King William- street, 
 o as to make one continuous street from Barton- 
 terrace on the north to South-terrace. The holders of 
 land on the east side were to be compensated for the loss 
 of frontage they sustained, or should sell their land to 
 the Corporation. It was also proposed to purchase two 
 blocks of land north and south of Wakefield-street and 
 east of King William-street, each covering an area of 
 420 by 300 feet. The cost of the proposed re- 
 adjustraent of Victoria-square was estimated at £20,000.
 
 368 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 The project was generally favorably considered by tha 
 public, and a measure to give Legislative authority 
 thereto passed the House of Assembly as a public 
 Bill, but on its second reading in the Legislative 
 Council it was thrown out on a technical objection. 
 If it had been carried out, and suitable structures 
 erected on the sites which would have been avail- 
 able, it would have secured for Adelaide one of the 
 finest streets in the world. The subject of the city 
 drainage occupied much of the attention of the Council, 
 but no step was taken towards bringing the matter before 
 the Legislature. Most erroneous and exaggerated ideas 
 of the cost of the work, and of the taxation which it 
 would occasion, were current, and did much to prevent 
 the subject from being seriously taken in hand. Perhaps 
 not the least difficulty in the way was the disinclination 
 manifested by the Government to pledge themselves to 
 the providing of a large sum of money for purposes 
 purely municipal, when so many pressing demands for 
 roads, railroads, and other works were urged upon them 
 from all parts of the country. 
 
 The announcement of the marriage of H.R.H. the 
 Duke of Edinburgh with the Grand Duchess Marie 
 Alexandrovna of Russia, was received in Adelaide with 
 much enthusiasm, and the Corporation adopted the fol- 
 lowing address to Her Majesty the Queen on the 
 auspicious occasion : — 
 " May it please Your Majesty — 
 
 '* We, the Mayor, Councillors, and citizens of the 
 City of Adelaide, in the Province of South Australia,
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 369 
 
 avail ourselves of the earliest opportunity to tender to 
 Your Majesty our earnest congratulations on the pro- 
 pitious marriage of His Royal Highness Prince Alfred 
 Ernest Albert, Duke of Ebinburgh, with Her Imperial 
 Highness Marie Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess of 
 Russia. 
 
 " Imbued with the profoundest sentiments of loyalty 
 to Your Majesty's person and faithful allegiance to the 
 throne, we pray that this auspicious union (while con- 
 ducing under Divine blessing to the happiness of their 
 Royal Highnesses) may still further cement the bonds 
 of alliance between two great powers already closely 
 connected by treaties, and we fervently hope it may also 
 tend to promote and secure a continuance of peaceful 
 relations with all nations. 
 
 " W. D. Allott, Mayor. 
 
 " Thomas Worsnop, Town Clerk. 
 
 " Adopted by the Council of the City of Adelaide 
 this 24th day of February, 1874." 
 
 The great event of the year was the foundation of 
 the University of Adelaide. It had long been felt that 
 the educational progress of the province of South 
 Australia had not kept pace with its internal and 
 commercial advancement. No system of public educa- 
 tion adapted to the requirements of the colonists existed 
 in the province. There were few schools where a high 
 class education could be obtained. Persons who desired 
 to afford their children the advantages of university 
 training, were compelled to send them to Europe or to 
 the sister colonies. The only establishments where a 
 
 Y
 
 370 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 suitable preparation for an university course could be 
 obtained were St. Peter's College (Church of England), 
 St. Aloysius' College (Roman Catholic), and Prince 
 Alfred College (Wesleyan). These being denomina- 
 tional were not available for the general public in the 
 sense of being public schools. Few questions had 
 occupied the public mind more constantly than the 
 necessity for some comprehensive system of public 
 instruction. Many Education Bills had been introduced 
 to the notice of the legislature, but none of them seemed 
 to satisfy the exigencies of the case. A measure was at 
 length prepared which promised better than its prede- 
 cessors, and there was every prospect of its becoming 
 law. The subject of founding an University in Adelaide 
 had been lor a long time mooted. The idea had 
 taken root, but it made no substantial progress imtil 
 Mr. Walter Watson Hughes took the matter in hand. 
 For the purpose of founding the University he gave the 
 sum of £20,000, for the endowment of two chairs or 
 professorships. The gift was made in 1872. An 
 University Association had existed for some time, and 
 an Union College had been started. The success was not 
 great, for it had no legal existence. The Association 
 now made vigorous efforts to turn Mr. Hughes' gift to 
 good account, and by its means a Bill to incorporate and 
 endow the University of Adelaide was prepared and 
 submitted to the legislature. It was passed and assented 
 to in November 1874. It provided that the University 
 should consist of a Council and Senate, and be a body 
 corporate with perpetual succession, and have a Common
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 371 
 
 Seal. Power was given to it to acquire lands, and to 
 deal with them by sale or otherwise, with the approval 
 of the Governor ; and without such approval to lease 
 for any term not exceeding twenty-one years. The 
 necessary provision was also made for the appointment 
 of a Senate and Council. The Council was endowed 
 with the entire management of the University, and was 
 authorised to make statutes with the approval of the 
 Senate, subject to the sanction of the Governor. Power 
 was also given to the University to affiliate any college 
 or educational establishment to the University, with a 
 proviso, that no statute should affect the religious 
 observances or re2:ulations enforced in such colleo-es or 
 establishments. The Act further set aside an annual 
 grant from the general revenue, equal to five per cent , 
 upon all monies from time to time given to and invested 
 by the University upon trust for its purposes, and upon 
 the value of property, real or personal^gecurrty vested in 
 it as a body corporate, or in trustees for the purposes 
 of the University, except such property as was given 
 by the Crown by way of endowment. The annual 
 grant was directed to be applied generally for the 
 maintenance of the University. A further provision 
 was made for granting a site for the University 
 buildings on North-terrace, and for endowing it with 
 50,000 acres of the waste lands of the Crown. The 
 Governor for the time being was appointed Visitor 
 of the University : the Senate or Council being required 
 to forward to him a report in the month of January ip 
 each year, containing a full account of the receipts and
 
 372 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 expenditure for the year preceding, audited as he might 
 direct, as well as copies of all the statutes and regulations 
 approved by him 
 
 The conditions made by Mr. Hughes were that his 
 gift of £20,000 should be paid within ten years, and that 
 until it was paid he would allow the University interest 
 thereon at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum. The 
 interest was to be applied to the payment of the salaries 
 of the Professor of Classics and Comparative Philology 
 and Literature (to which he appointed the Rev. Henry 
 Read, M.A., of Cambridge), and of the Professor of the 
 English Language and Literature and Mental and Moral 
 Philosophy (to which he appointed the Rev. John David- 
 son, of Chalmers Church, Adelaide). The University 
 was thus fairly started, but it took some little time to 
 arrange matters so as to make a commencement. Mean- 
 while the Hon. Thomas Elder, M.L.C., made a gift of 
 £20,000 to the University, but it was not laden with 
 conditions as to the appointment of professors. Steps 
 were immediately taken to obtain Professors of Mathe- 
 matics and of Natural Science. The University started 
 into being with an income of £4,400 prior to any grant 
 of land being actually made by the Government. 
 
 The revenue of the Corporation in this year had 
 grown to £38,366, including £9,000 borrowed on 
 bonds ; £10,442 18s. 2d. had been received from rates ; 
 £4,298 7s. 5d. from the Government ; from gas rates, 
 £1,718 14s. lid. ; from the sanitary rate, £1,707 5s. 2d. ; 
 and from street- watering, £430 16s. Id. ; and £10,763 
 7s. 9d. from miscellaneous sources. The outlay on
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 373 
 
 public works was £17,188 5s. 6d. ; the payment of loans, 
 £9,111 8s. 4d. 5 interest, £1,838 9s. 4d. ; establishments, 
 £2,910 4s. lOd. ; street-lighting, £1,838 4s. od. ; sanitary, 
 £788 Is. ; and miscellaneous charges, £3,091 6s. Id. 
 
 The annual elections resulted in the return of 
 Mr. J. Colton as Mayor. By the new Act four new Coim- 
 cillors were returned to represent the new wards which 
 had been created. Messrs. M. Goode, T. Johnson, 
 M. H. Madge, J. S. Stacy, and J. Wright, remained in 
 office. The new members were Messrs. H. A. Bohm, 
 J. Baseby, G. Downs, F. Hagedorn, W. Holland, 
 A. McKenzie, and D. Macnamara. The assessment for the 
 year amounted to £225,086.
 
 374 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 The increase in the number of Councillors was not 
 marked by any remarkable increase in the work of 
 the Council. Indeed the year 1875 was one of the least 
 eventful in the annals of the city. No new legislation 
 was undertaken on matters greatly affecting it, except 
 that a Bill authorising the laying down of tramways in 
 the city and suburbs was brought before Parliament, but 
 it had not passed at the close of the year. A new Bill 
 for the amendment of the Corporation Act was prepared, 
 but it was not introduced into the Hoase of Assembly 
 until a late period of the year, at which it was com- 
 pleted, and it met with adverse fortune at the hands of the 
 Legislature. A survey over the line of route for the 
 main trunk sewer in the drainage system of Adelaide 
 was undertaken and completed, and the preliminary 
 measures were adopted for the preparation of a compre- 
 hensive Drainage Bill for the city. Great exertions 
 were made towards completing the planting the sides of 
 the various roads leading to the city and the public squares 
 and about 4,000 trees were put into the groimd. The 
 new City Bridge was proceeding satisfactorily, and an
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 375 
 
 uimsaally large number of new buildings in various 
 parts of the city were in progress. The land for the 
 extension of the City Market was secured, and its area 
 now covered four acres. 
 
 A shocking calamity occurred early in the year, 
 which resulted in a great loss of life, many of the victims 
 of the catastrophe having held leading positions in the 
 City of Adelaide. The steamship Gothenburg, belonging 
 to Messrs. M'Meckan, Blackwood, & Co., of Melbourne, 
 had proceeded to Port Darwin in the Northern Territory, 
 carrying amongst her passengers Mr. Justice Wearing, 
 one of the Judges of the Supreme Court ; Mr. L. J. 
 Pelham, Judges' Associate ; Mr. J. K. Whitby, Acting 
 Deputy Sheriff, and others. The learned Judge had 
 been sent there to hold a Circuit Court for the trial of 
 some criminal cases which were of too serious a nature 
 to be dealt with by the courts which had been consti- 
 tuted in the Territory. After the close of the assize the 
 vessel set out on her return voyage through Torres 
 Straits. On the evening of the 24th of February she 
 struck on the Great Barrier Reef The weather was 
 fine at the time of her running on the reef, and the sea 
 calm. The captain entertained hopes of getting the 
 vessel off, and the utmost order prevailed amongst the 
 passengers and crew of the ill-starred ship. As the 
 evening advanced the wind strengthened, raising a heavy 
 sea, which soon began to break over the decks. Almost 
 the first wave that came on board swept away Mr. 
 Justice Wearing and several others. The ship began to 
 bump, and finally broke her back, so that all chance of
 
 376 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 saving her was at an end. In launching the boats several 
 of them were swamped alongside. Out of a total number 
 of 137 souls on board only 22 (12 of the crew and 
 ICf ■ passengers) succeeded in escaping in open boats 
 to one of the islands on the coast, whilst 4 others, 
 driven away in the captain's gig, were rescued by 
 the Leichardt steamer. Amongst the lost were 
 Mr. Justice Wearing, Mr. L. J. Felham, Mr. J. K. 
 Whitby, Mr. T. Reynolds and his wife. Dr. Milner, who 
 was surgeon to the settlement in the Northern Territory, 
 and for a short time Government Resident, the wife and 
 family of Mr. E. W. Price, Special Magistrate at Port 
 Darwin, Mr. Richard Wells, for many years sub-editor 
 of the Register, and others of less note. On receipt of 
 the disastrous news a committee was formed to obtain 
 subscriptions for the relief of the widows and children 
 left destitute by the calamity, and to place in the hands 
 of trustees such sums as would as far as possible preserve 
 them from want. About £9,500 were collected and 
 distributed. The Government made provision for the 
 surviving relatives of the public officers who had been 
 lost, and the feeling of sympathy with the sufferers 
 was universal throughout the province. 
 
 An organ for the Town Hall had long been wanted to 
 render that building properly available for the public 
 demonstrations which were held in it. The Philharmonic 
 Society had contributed a portion of the necessary funds 
 from the proceeds of their concerts, and a considerable 
 amount having been collected in private subscriptions, an 
 order was sent to England for the construction of a
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 377 
 
 suitable instrument, which it was expected would arrive 
 some time during 1876. 
 
 The provisions of the Health Act were enforced 
 as far as possible to the manifest advantage of 
 the inhabitants, who cheerfully complied with the 
 requirements of the Council. A difficulty, how- 
 ever, arose between the Corporation and the Central 
 Board of Health. Under the powers conferred by the 
 "Health Act of 1873," the Central Board of Health 
 ordered the Corporation as the Local Board of Health 
 to disconnect all underground drains — excepting those 
 which carried storm waters only — emptying their 
 contents into the main sewer, which discharged into 
 the absorption grounds on the Park Lands and else- 
 where within the city. This direction was not com- 
 plied with, and the Central Board thereupon applied 
 to the Supreme Court for a mandatory order under 
 the 36th Section of the Act, to compel the carry- 
 ing out of their directions. The Corporation had 
 no objection to their order in principle, but they did not 
 see their way clear to comply with it until a proper system 
 of drainage had been established in the city ; and it was 
 represented to the Court that a Commission had sat and 
 considered the whole question of drainage, and that 
 their report would shortly be brought before the legis- 
 lature. The learned Judge (Mr. Justice Stow) before 
 whom the case was heard, felt considerable difficulty in 
 dealing with it, owing to the very indefinite terms in 
 which the clause was worded, and because although the 
 matter was left for determination at the discretion of a
 
 378 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 single Judge, he did not think that the legislature actually 
 intended to vest in him such extensive powers. Eventually 
 the case was postponed, and the proceedings were 
 abandoned without any decision being given. The 
 proceedings on the part of the Board of Health were 
 not well advised, for admitting that the connection of the 
 underground drains with the few sewers which existed 
 was objectionable, the closing of the drains would have 
 been more objectionable still, and the large quantity of 
 deleterious refuse which must under the circumstances 
 have been retained in the city, would have had a very 
 prejudicial effect upon the public health. It was acknow- 
 ledged on all hands that the drainage of the city was of 
 the most pressing importance, yet even this collision 
 between two public bodies, both anxious to see the city 
 properly drained, failed to induce the Government to 
 take the matter in hand. 
 
 The first report of the Council of the University of 
 Adelaide to the end of the year 1875 showed the progress 
 that had been made in organising the institution. The 
 Hon. Sir R. D. Hanson, Chief Justice, was appointed 
 Chancellor, and the Right Rev. Dr. Short, D.D. and 
 M.A., Lord Bishop of Adelaide, Vice-Chancellor. The 
 Hon. Sir Henry Ayers, K.C.M.G., was elected Treasurer, 
 and Wm. Barlow, Esq., B.A., T.C.D., Barrister-at- Law, 
 was appointed Registrar. Horace Lamb, Esq., M.A., 
 Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge, was selected in England as Professor of Mathe- 
 matics ; and Ralph Tate, Esq., Associate Linnean 
 Society, F.G.S., as Professor of Natural Science — both
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 379 
 
 on the Hon. T. Elder's foundation. It had been found 
 impossible to open the University until after the appoint- 
 ment of the "Elder " professors. The Council, therefore, 
 arranged for the delivery of popular lectures by those 
 professors upon subjects connected with their chairs, and 
 by other gentlemen, and also for the holding of classes, 
 to which, for the encouragement of the pupils attending 
 them, they offered small prizes. Much inconvenience 
 was felt from the want of a suitable building for the 
 purposes of the University, and the Council intimated 
 that one of their first objects would be to secure the 
 erection of a building adequate to the requirements 
 of the University. The work during the year had 
 only been preliminary, so that few results could be 
 reported. The income of the University for the year was 
 £4,818 7s. lid. ; the expenditure on salaries, £1,450 ; 
 and sundries, £352 3s. lOd. For advances to professors 
 and the purchase of apparatus and books, £1,161 3s. lOd. 
 were remitted to the Agent- General in England, and 
 £1,900 was deposited at 5 per cent, interest. 
 
 The Corporation revenue amoimted to £37,806 Is. 6d., 
 of which £12,026 4s. Id. accrued from rates, and 
 £7,040 15s. were received as the Government Grant, 
 £1,941 15s. lid. was derived from the gas lighting rate, 
 £1,941 14s. lid. from the sanitary rate, and £466 17s. 8d. 
 from the street-watering rate, £12,304 5s. 3d. from 
 miscellaneous sources, and £2,084 8s. 8d. as an overdraft 
 from the National Bank. It had been expected that all 
 liabilities in the shape of advances from the bank would 
 have been covered ; but the exceptionally wet season
 
 380 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 demanded a much larger outlay for labor than had been 
 expected at the begmning of the year, and a much 
 larger expenditure in planting trees had been incurred. 
 The cost of maintaining the streets had been seriously 
 added to from the same cause. The expenditure was 
 on account of interest, redemption of bonds, &c., 
 £1,734 3s. Id.; on public works, £19,533 16s. 7d.; on 
 account of the Health Act, £3,045 6s. 8d.; on establish- 
 ments, £4,948 4s. 6d.; on street lighting, £1,790 10s. 8d.; 
 on account of the Organ, £510 5s. 2d.; on general 
 administration, £3,059 lis. lid.; and miscellaneous, 
 £59 3s. The balance due to the bank at the beginning 
 of the year was £2,244 19s. lid. 
 
 The elections for the ensuing year created an unusual 
 amount of interest. Mr. Caleb Peacock had been 
 invited to offer himself as Mayor by a large and influen- 
 tial body of the citizens ; but the seat was contested by 
 the Hon. T. English and Mr. J. M. Solomon, J.P., who 
 had both previously filled the office. Mr. Peacock was 
 returned by a very large majority. The new Councillors 
 were Dr. K. Peel, Mr. J. F. Conigrave, Mr. C. Banbury, 
 and Mr. W. Letchford, who filled the seats vacated by 
 Messrs. Goode, Bohm, Wright, and Johnson. In the 
 course of the year Mr. Letchford resigned owing to ill 
 health, and Mr. W. Bickford was chosen in his place. 
 The assessment for 1876 amounted to £239,355, being 
 £14,269 more than in 1875. 
 
 The principal subject which engaged the attention of 
 the Council was the drainage of the city. Negotiations 
 were opened with the Government in order to secure
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 381 
 
 their co-operation in carrying out the undertaking. 
 The Council's first proposal to the Ministry was that the 
 Government should construct the main sewer, receiving 
 from the City Council a guarantee thoroughly to reticu- 
 late the city and also a remission of rates for sewerage 
 purposes from all Government buildings for a definite 
 period. This scheme was apparently looked upon with 
 favor by the then Premier ; but before a Bill embodying 
 these principles could be prepared, the Government went 
 out of office. The succeeding Cabinet declined to 
 support a measure involving the Government in an 
 expenditure for the construction of the main trunk 
 sewer, even with the promise of rate remissions, and 
 advised that the City Council should undertake the 
 work, asking for a Government subsidy as it progressed. 
 When urged to name the amount of subsidy which they 
 would be prepared to recommend, it was found that the 
 cabinet considered 10 per cent, on the gross outlay a 
 sufficient grant to relieve all Government buildings from 
 sewerage rates. It was felt that this offer was altogether 
 inadequate. The Council therefore decided to prepare a 
 Bill for an Act authorising the borrowing of the neces- 
 sary money for the construction of underground sewers 
 throughout the city, to connect with a main trunk drain 
 entering the sea at about Kircaldy Beach, the Act to 
 authorise the levying of sewerage rates on all buildings 
 throughout the city. It was hoped that the Bill would 
 have been introduced to Parliament during the year, 
 but unavoidable delays connected with its preparation 
 and revision prevented its completion until so late in the
 
 382 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 session that it was considered unwise to risk its intro- 
 duction. 
 
 The Adelaide and Suburban Tramways Bill, which 
 was before Parliament, had been referred to a Select 
 Committee of the Legislative Council. At the request 
 of the City Council the Mayor attended to oppose its 
 passing until a measure authorising the construction of 
 tramways within the city, and emanating from the 
 Council, should have been passed. The objection raised 
 was not against tramways entering the city, but to the 
 necessity which was entailed on the Council of watching 
 the provisions of every private Bill, which would be 
 avoided if a general act for the regulation of tramways 
 in municipalities became law. A Bill for an Act to 
 embody the provisions which the City Council thought 
 necessary for the construction and regulation of street 
 tramways in the City of Adelaide was introduced into 
 the House of Assemby, but on the Speaker's ruling that 
 it was a private Bill it was not proceeded with. 
 
 The progress of public works during the year was 
 satisfactory, and a large number of private streets were 
 made. The City Bridge did not advance rapidly towards 
 completion because of the delay which took place in 
 procuring the ironwork for the platform from England. 
 The whole of the funds necessary for the maintenance of 
 the streets, for new works, and for the completion of the 
 City Bridge, being insufficient to meet the charges on 
 those works, the City Council obtained power to borrow 
 £9,000 on bridge's account, £6,000 was raised on bonds 
 at 5 per cent., the whole of which were taken up by the
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 383 
 
 Savings Bank at par. The Council then appropriated 
 £5,000 from the City Funds to the various wards for 
 maintenance and nev7 works. The buildins: of new 
 houses in the city was far greater than in any previous 
 year, and the general improvement of the streets was 
 very marked. The squares and plantations were well 
 cared for, and at the end of the year the report of the 
 city gardener showed that no less than 30,100 trees were 
 growing within their limits. 
 
 Some progress was made towards bringing the 
 University into operation. The arrival of the Mathe- 
 matical Professor and the Professor of Natural Science 
 enabled the Council to initiate some of the studies, but 
 the Matriculation Examination was postponed till towards 
 the end of the vear in order that candidates mia:ht have 
 sufficient opportunity to prepare themselves on the 
 prescribed subjects. The Council also resolved to extend 
 the usefulness of the University. They caused courses 
 of lectures to be delivered during afternoons and 
 evenings, open to non-matriculated students, who were 
 at liberty to attend such classes as they might select. 
 The experiment was not attended with success, and it 
 was discontinued. 
 
 The Chancellor of the University, Sir Richard 
 Davies Hanson, died suddenly in the early part of the 
 year. His Lordship the Bishop of Adelaide, Vice- 
 Chancellor, was chosen to succeed him ; and Mr. S. J. 
 Way, who was appointed Chief Justice of the Colony, 
 became Vice-Chancellor. The Parliament having voted 
 £2,000 towards the erection of the University, and upwards
 
 384 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 of £800 having been received in the shape of subscriptions, 
 designs for suitable buildings were called for and 
 received, but no active step was taken to proceed with 
 the work. A new scholarship was founded by Mr. John 
 Howard Angas, called the Angas Engineering Scholar- 
 ship. It was tenable for three years by graduates of 
 the University, who had passed the required examinations. 
 They must be under twenty-eight years of age, and must 
 have resided for five years in the province. Its value 
 was £200 a year. Each holder was required to take a 
 degree in Natural Science at the University of London, 
 and be trained at a school of Civil Engineers. During 
 his training in Engineering Science the scholar must 
 spend six months in visiting the great Engineering works 
 of Europe or America ; and on his return to South 
 Australia, present the University with a report of his 
 tour, with special reference to the Mechanical and 
 Engineering Arts. When the report has been furnished 
 and approved *by the Senate, the scholar will receive the 
 sum of £100 towards his travelling expenses. The 
 Council of Education also established three scholarships, 
 tenable for three years at the University. These were 
 to be competed for annually. For these scholars the 
 Matriculation Examination would be dispensed with, 
 and the University fees remitted. The total number of 
 matriculated students was six ; and of non-matriculated 
 students joining some of the classes fifty-two, of whom 
 thirty-three were ladies. The income of the University 
 for the year was £7,618, of which £2,794 was expended 
 on salaries, fees, and charges. 
 
 4
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 385 
 
 The revenue of the Corporation from all sources for 
 1876 amounted to £40,603 2s. 4d., of which £16,712 2s. 5d. 
 were derived from municipal, gas, and other rates. The 
 Government grant-in-aid was £6,692 Os. lOd., and 
 £17,198 19s. Id. accrued from miscellaneous sources. 
 The expenditure on public works amounted to £23,427 
 14s. 8d., and on establishments £1,696 18s. 2d. The 
 sanitary expenditure was £2,940 18s. lid. General 
 administrations, £3,U34 19s. 9d.; and miscellaneous, 
 £9,502 10s. lOd. The receipts included the sum of 
 £6,000, which had been raised by loan on account of 
 bridges. *
 
 386 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 Mr. Peacock was re-elected Mayor without opposition, 
 and tlie changes in the Council were the return of 
 Messrs. L. B. Matthews* H. R. Fuller, and E. S. Wigg, 
 in the room of Messrs. Baseby, Stacy, and McKenzie. 
 The assessment for 1877 amounted to £253,632, the 
 excess over the previous year being £24,277. 
 
 The year 1877 was remarkable amongst other events 
 for the changes which took place in the Vice-Regal 
 Government. Sir Anthony Musgrave, K.C.M.G., who 
 had held the office of Governor for nearly four years, 
 having been promoted to the Governorship of Jamaica, 
 left South Australia in January. Prior to his departure 
 the City Council presented His Excellency with the 
 subjoined address : — 
 
 *' To His Excellency Sir Anthony Musgrave, Knight 
 Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of 
 Saint Michael and Saint George, Governor and 
 Commander-in-Chief in and over the Province of 
 South Australia and the Dependencies thereof. 
 " May it please your Excellency — 
 
 " We, the Mayor and Corporation of the City oil
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 387 
 
 Adelaide, desire, on the eve of your departure for another 
 and far distant portion of the British Empire, to express 
 the regret we feel at the removal of your Excellency 
 from the government of this province — a government 
 which has been marked throughout by sound judgment 
 and discretion — whilst we at the same time congratulate 
 your Excellency on your promotion. 
 
 " The active part which your Excellency has always 
 taken, during your residence in this province, in ad- 
 vancing its interests, has won the respect and esteem of 
 the citizens of Adelaide. 
 
 " In expressing regret at your Excellency's departure, 
 we venture to hope you may be long spared to fill with 
 honor the high office to which it has pleased Her Most 
 Gracious Majesty to appoint you. 
 
 " Caleb Peacock, Mayor. 
 
 " Tho^ias Woesnop, Town Clerk." 
 
 To which His Excellency replied — 
 " Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen of the City Council — 
 
 " Accept my thanks for your courteous address of 
 farewell, your kind expressions of regret at my departure, 
 and the good wishes which accompany your congratula- 
 tions on my promotion. It is indeed a matter of great 
 gratification to me to receive your assurance that my 
 administration of the Government has been marked by 
 sound judgment and discretion, and that such aid as I 
 could render towards the advancement of the interests of 
 the colony has won for me the respect and esteem of the 
 citizens of Adelaide. To have obtained that I regard as 
 no small honor, and I shall cherish this testimony from
 
 388 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 you among my most valued souvenirs of my sojourn in 
 South Australia. 
 
 " Anthony Musgrave, Governor. 
 " Government House, 25tli January, 1877." 
 The Government of the colony fell into the hands of 
 His Honor Chief Justice Way, who administered its 
 affairs until the arrival of Sir William Wellington Cairns? 
 who was transferred from Queensland. His Excellency 
 arrived at the end of March, and was sworn in with the 
 customary formalities. The Corporation addressed him 
 as follows : — 
 
 '' To His Excellency William Wellington Cairns, Esq., 
 Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. 
 Michael and St. George, Captain-General, and 
 Governor over the Province of South Australia 
 and the Dependencies thereof. 
 
 " May it please your Excellency—- 
 
 " We, the Mayor and Councillors of the City of 
 Adelaide, tender our sincere welcome to your Excellency 
 on your safe arrival amongst us. Your Excellency will 
 find that the allegiance of the people of this province to 
 the person and throne of Her Majesty and to the Con- 
 stitution of the British Empire will be exemplified in the 
 attachment which will be shown to your Excellency's 
 office and person. 
 
 " We feel assured that your control over the affairs 
 of this province will be marked by the wisdom and fore- 
 thought which have distinguished your rule in other 
 lands, and we trust that your administration will tend to
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDK. 389 
 
 promote the substantial and permanent welfare of South 
 Australia. 
 
 " Signed on behalf of the Corporation of the City of 
 Adelaide this 12th day of March, 1877. 
 
 " Caleb Peacock, Mayor. 
 
 " Thomas Worsnop, Town Clerk." 
 
 His Excellency replied — 
 " Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen — 
 
 " Nothing could be more loyal than the terms of 
 jour address, and nothing more gratifying than the kind 
 words with which you have welcomed me within your 
 boundaries. 
 
 '' If only God gives me a fair measure of health, a 
 large portion of my time must be spent in this city for 
 several years to come. During that period it is my 
 intention to identify myself with the various interests of 
 the place, and I mean to lose no opportunity of making 
 a beginning by visiting almost at once those buildings 
 and public works which bring such credit upon Adelaide. 
 
 " I am glad to find that progress is being made with 
 the agricultural settlement of South Australia ; and that 
 although from drought and other transient causes the 
 recent wheat crops have not come up to the general 
 expectation, there is no reason to apprehend a check to 
 the further development of the farming industry for 
 which the colony is favorably and widely known. 
 
 " You may rely upon my being ready at your call 
 whenever you think that by word or deed — in my case, 
 Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen, it must always, I feel, and 
 for a sufficient reason, be rather by deeds than words — I
 
 .S90 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 can advance the interest of the citizens whose mnnicipal 
 
 affairs you directly administer, and for whom you hold 
 
 an important trust. 
 
 • "W. W. Cairns. 
 
 " Adelaide, 24th March, 1877." 
 
 The new bridge over the Torrens (intended to 
 replace the old Cit}^ Bridge) which had been in 
 progress for about a couple of years, was at last com- 
 pleted, and it was opened officially by His Excellency 
 Sir W. W. Cairns on the 25th April* The old bridge, 
 erected some twenty-two years before, had become 
 insufficient for the traffic, and it became necessary to 
 erect a new one. It w^as designed by Mr. J. L. Hyndman, 
 City Engineer and Surveyor, and erected under his 
 superintendence by Mr. M. C. Davies, who had con- 
 tracted for it. The span is 100 feet in the clear, 54 feet 
 mde, forming a roadway 40 feet wide, with footpaths at 
 the sides. It is 36 feet above the bed of the river, and* 
 capable of bearing a strain of 22 tons per sectional inch. 
 
 At noon His Excellency started from the Government 
 offices in a carriage drawn by four greys. His Excel- 
 lency was accompanied by the Aide-de-Camp (Captain 
 Haggardj, the Mayor (Mr. Caleb Peacock), and the 
 Town Clerk (Mr. Thomas Worsilop) ; and his carriage 
 was escorted by troopers under the charge of Chief 
 Inspector Searcy. Following the Vice-regal equipage 
 came carriages containing Sir Henry Ayers (Chief 
 Secretary), the Hon. John Colton (Commissioner of 
 Pubhc Works), the Hon. J. C. Bray (Attorney-Greneral), 
 
 * His Excellency had been knighted since his arrival.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDK. /i9l 
 
 the Hon. R. D. Ross (Treasurer), and the Hon. John 
 Carr (Commissioner of Crown Lands and Immigration); 
 members of the City Council, the City Treasurer, and 
 others. The Chief Justice and most of the members of 
 the Legislature were also present. 
 
 After descending from his carriage. His Excellency 
 was met by the Right Worshipful the Mayor, who 
 addressed his Excellency as follows : — 
 
 "Your Excellency — I have, on my ojvn behalf and on 
 behalf of the citizens of Adelaide whom I represent, to 
 thank you for the very kind way in which you acceded 
 to the request of the Corporation that you should open 
 and name this the Adelaide Bridge. It is a work the 
 completion of which we have looked forward to with 
 some anxiety for several years, and now that the labor 
 is consummated, I may I am sure, on behalf of the Cor- 
 poration and of the citizens generally, express my great 
 satisfaction on the erection of such a noble structure, 
 The contract has been delayed somewhat, but the work 
 has been carried out exceedingly well and satisfactorily, for 
 such the City Engineer and Surveyor assures me is the case. 
 I hope it will not only be useful to the citizens for many 
 years to come, but that it will stand as a monument of one 
 of the most [deasing recollections connected with your 
 Excellency's stay in this province, and I am sure I shall 
 always remember with pleasure your Excellency's kind- 
 ness in consenting to take part in the opening ceremony 
 to-da\ . It is now well known, although it would 
 1)6 out of place that I should dilate upon the sub- 
 ject, that your Excellency has been compelled through
 
 S\)'2 CITY OV ADELAIDE 
 
 ill-health to contemplate a departure from amongst us. I 
 am sure your Excellency's name will live in our memories ; 
 but should this be doubtful, although I am sure it is not, 
 we have taken care to engrave it on iron, so that it shall 
 for ever stand as a record of the part your Excellency 
 took in this day's proceedings. It would be wrong 
 of me to detain your Excellency in this draughty 
 situation with many words, and 1 will simply say that 
 your ready compliance with our request has only added 
 another to the many opportunities we have had of 
 observing your Excellency's desire to show an active 
 interest in South Australia. I now ask your Excellency, 
 on behalf of the citizens, to christen this bridge the 
 Adelaide Bridge, and may it long stand as a credit to 
 yourself. 
 
 His Excellency thereupon broke the bottle of cham- 
 pagne, which was tied to the iron work, by swinging it 
 against the side of the bridge. 
 
 His Excellency said — 
 
 " Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen — I am so thankful for 
 the kind way in which his Worship has spoken of me, 
 and the kind way in which you have received his 
 remarks, that I am sure in the present state of my health 
 you will not expect me to make any lengthy remarks, 
 especially when I feel such genuine and kindly expres- 
 sions have been made to one who, although not an entire 
 stranger, is comparatively unknown among you. His 
 Worship has very feelingly and properly alluded to the 
 deep interest 1 have taken in the colony, and 1 am sure 
 you will believe me when T say that I have taken consi-
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. '^9S 
 
 derable interest in the completion of this most important 
 work, connecting as it does the great northern and 
 southern divisions of the city. I hope it will be an 
 enduring structure ; indeed there is every prospect of 
 its becoming as old as London Bridge itself. It seems 
 to be well constructed, and appears to be wide enough — 
 although of course you have other bridges — for the 
 traffic. I think you have acted wisely, if you will allow 
 me to say so as a passing visitor, in naming the 
 leading bridge after the name of the city, as London 
 Bridge is named after London. You have given this 
 rising and important town the name of one of the 
 best Queens that was ever a consort to a British 
 Sovereign, and you have done wisely — it may be that 
 others will dissent from this — you have done well to 
 change the name to the Adelaide Bridge, and also that 
 you have done well to change the name of the street, 
 which is an approach to the bridge, to King William- 
 road. With these preliminary remarks, I will proceed to 
 name the bridge. I name this bridge the Adelaide 
 Bridge, and I declare it open for traffic." 
 
 The Concordia Band then played the " National 
 Anthem." 
 
 On the call of the Mayor, three cheers were given 
 for the Queen, and three for His Excellency the 
 Governor. Three cheers were also given for his Worship 
 the Mayor. 
 
 The party re-entered the carriages, and proceeded to 
 the North Adelaide end of the road, where His Excel- 
 lency again alighted. His Worship explained the altera-
 
 394 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 tions which had been made in the road, and then asked 
 His Excellency to name the road. 
 
 His Excellency said — 
 
 " I now publicly announce that this road passing 
 along the Adelaide Bridge into the town of Adelaide will 
 hereafter be known by the name of the King William- 
 road." 
 
 The party proceeded to the Towti Hall where a 
 luncheon was served, at which about 200 persons sat 
 down. The Mayor presided, and the Governor, ministers, 
 and a large number of the leading merchants and others 
 were present. 
 
 Sir William Cairns made but a short stay in the 
 colony. His health which had been failing for some 
 time became so bad that he resigned his office and left 
 for England about two months after his arrival. Chief 
 Justice Way again assumed the reins of Government, 
 which he retained until October, when Sir William 
 Francis Drummond Jervois, K.C.M.G., and C.B. who 
 had been appointed Governor arrived. After he was 
 sworn in the following address was presented to His 
 Excellency : — 
 
 " To His Excellency Sir William Francis Drummond 
 Jervois, Knight Commander of the Most Distin- 
 guished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, 
 Companion of the Most Honorable Order of the 
 Bath, Governor-in-Chief over the Province of 
 South Australia and the Dependencies thereof. 
 " May it please your Excellency — 
 
 " We, Her Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, 
 
 J
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 395 
 
 respectfully offer to your Excellency our heartiest 
 welcome to this city, and we congratulate the colony 
 upon the appointment of an officer in whom Her Majesty 
 has such confidence. 
 
 " We feel sure that the exercise of your authority 
 in this province will add to the honors you have acquired 
 by your distinguished rule in other lands. 
 
 " We trust your Excellency's administration of the 
 affairs of this province, marked as we are confident it 
 will be by sound judgment and discretion, will tend to 
 advance the interests of all classes of the community. 
 
 " Signed on behalf of the citizens of Adelaide this 
 second day of October, 1877. 
 
 " Caleb Peacock, Mayor. 
 
 " Thomas Worsnop, Town Clerk." 
 
 " To which His Excellency replied as follows : — 
 
 " Gentlemen — 
 
 " It is with no ordinary feelings of gratification that 
 I find myself for the first time within the precincts of this 
 thriving city. 
 
 " I receive with sincere gratification the address you 
 have presented to me, and thank you for the terms in 
 which you have referred to my former services. I also 
 thank you for your hearty congratulations on my appoint- 
 ment as Governor of South Australia, and for the warm 
 reception you have given me. 
 
 " I feel that it is a great advantage, that, during the 
 interregnum which has occurred, I have been preceded
 
 ^96 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 by so able an administrator as your Chief Justice, 
 Mr. Way. 
 
 " I came to Australia a tew mouths ago simply in a 
 military capacity, to advise the Governments of these 
 colonies respecting their defences against foreign aggres- 
 sion. I have performed this duty as regards New South 
 Wales, Victoria, and Queensland; and now, in my 
 capacity as Governor, any information I can afford, or 
 advice I can offer, whether as regards defences or any 
 other matters, will be unreservedly and freely at the 
 disposal of the colony of South Australia. 
 
 " In the part which will fall to me in the administra- 
 tion of the affairs of this province, it will be my earnest 
 desire to do all in my power to aid in maintaining 
 harmony amidst the necessary antagonism of conflicting 
 opinions, and to promote the welfare and prosperity of 
 the people. 
 
 ( Signed) W. F. D. Jervois, Governor." 
 
 The Corporation received through Mr. S. Davenport, 
 who had been the South Australian Commissioner at the 
 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, most valuable presen- 
 tations of books relating to Corporation matters, from the 
 Mayors of new York, San Francisco, (Chicago, Phila- 
 delphia, Columbia, and Providence, in the United 
 States of America, numbering 53 volumes, which 
 formed a most suitable and useful addition to the Cor- 
 poration Library. Other presentations also came to 
 hand from the City of London, and most interesting 
 communications on the subject of tramways, &c., from 
 the Town Clerks' of Liverpool, Leeds, and Birmingham.
 
 CITY OP^ ADELAIDE. 897 
 
 In addition to these, portraits in oil of Colonel Light, 
 the first Surveyor- General of the colony, and of Colonel 
 Gawler, the second Governor, were presented through 
 Mr. Davenport by Colonel Palmer, of Nazing Park, near 
 Waltham Cross in England. The gifts were accom- 
 panied by the following letter : — 
 
 "Beaumont, 11th September, 1877. 
 
 " Dear Sir— 
 
 "On behalf of Colonel George Palmer, of Nazing 
 Park, Essex, well known as one of the Commissioners 
 under Act 1834, founding this colony, I have the honor 
 to present to the City of Adelaide a portrait of Colonel 
 Light, the first Surveyor-General of South Australia. 
 
 " With Colonel Light alone rested the responsibility 
 of selecting the site and arranging the plan of Adelaide 
 as the capital of the colony. 
 
 " Together with water and timber and stone and 
 conditions of health, the selection implied a position 
 readily accessible from a safe anchorage equal to the 
 expansion of future trade, as well as from a sufficient 
 area of proximate productive soil, and with a fair chance 
 of natural roadways into a habitable interior or junction 
 with any navigable rivers, as the Murray. 
 
 " Beyond what Flinders had described of the coast, 
 and Charles Sturt of the River Murray, no prior know- 
 ledge existed in aid of the decision, and the arrival of 
 land-order holders prematurely increased his difficulties 
 bv restricting occasions of comparison and deliberation. 
 
 " The spirit which actuated him when entering on
 
 398 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 his work is told in his own words — ' he felt the well- 
 being of thousands was connected with, and might in a 
 great degree depend upon the correctness of his decisions.' 
 
 "On the 3rd of January, 1837, his mind was 'fully 
 made up ' as to the site. The survey and staking off 
 the town sections began on the 11th of January, and 
 was finished on the 10th of March, 1837. 
 
 " His subsequent conviction that he had done his 
 duty appears in a letter addressed to his friend 
 Mr. WiUiam Jacob, dated the 5th of October, 1838, 
 where he says — ' I was never sanguine on any point but 
 one, and that was the eligibility of the site of Adelaide ; 
 in that I was always confident.' 
 
 " Over forty years' experience of his work testifies to 
 the soundness of his judgment. 
 
 " I am sure, Sir, you will welcome this gift as most 
 appropriately made, and will deem it second to none in its 
 claim for distinction on the walls of your City Hall. 
 
 " It wll be a source of much gratification to Colonel 
 Palmer to learn that you are pleased to accept his 
 donation. 
 
 " Colonel Palmer further begs your acceptance of a 
 portrait of the second Governor, Colonel Gawler. 
 " I am, dear Sir, 
 
 " Yours faithfully, 
 
 " Sam. Davenpoet." 
 
 These paintings are hung up in the Council- chamber 
 11 the Town Hall with others that have been presented 
 from time to time to the Corporation.
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 399 
 
 The Council had been anxious to make a commence- 
 ment of the new Frome Bridge. Tenders were called 
 for but none was accepted, although the Government 
 met the Council liberally, and did not wish to insist upon 
 the erection of the old City Bridge in the new site. A 
 drinking-fountain at the end of Rundle-road, the gift of 
 Mr. E. T. Smith, was opened in due form by Miss Peacock, 
 niece of the Mayor. 
 
 Amongst other works which were projected during 
 the year were new abattoirs. Designs were invited for 
 suitable structures, the convenience to be supplied being 
 of such a nature as to enable the Council to do away 
 altogether with the slaughtering of small cattle within the 
 city. The plans prepared by Mr. W. H. Campbell, senr., 
 received the first prize, and that of Messrs. Hamilton and 
 Hince the second. Further action upon them was post- 
 poned until after receipt of the report of Mr. William Clark, 
 Member of the Institute of Civil Engineers, who had 
 been specially engaged to inspect the city and suburbs 
 for the purpose of reporting upon a proper system of 
 drainage for Adelaide. His proposal was to drain the 
 city on to a sewage farm, to be established at about a mile 
 from the township of Hindmarsh, between it and the sea. 
 From the highly absorbent nature of the soil he appeared 
 to think that this would meet all the requirements of the 
 case, and would be preferable to casting the sewage into 
 the sea at a point below low water mark. The Govern- 
 ment promised to take the matter in hand, and to introduce 
 a measure into Parliament to provide fort he efficient 
 drainage of the city.
 
 400 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 Much attention was bestowed by the Council on the 
 framing of new Bills, to suit the altering circumstances 
 of the municipality. A Bill to provide for the deep 
 drainage of the city had been prepared, and plans showing 
 the scheme proposed were got ready, but on the motion 
 for the second reading in the House of Assembly the 
 Speaker ruled that it was a private Bill, and it was 
 therefore shelved for the remainder of the session. A 
 similar fate awaited the Corporations Act Amendment 
 Bill which was introduced by Mr. N. Blyth, the member 
 for North Adelaide. The Speaker of the House, Sir 
 George Kingston, declared the Bill to be a private Bill, 
 although one similar in all its features was passed by the 
 House of Assembly as a public Bill in 1873, and another 
 Bill, identical in its main features with the present Bill, 
 also passed the Assembly as a public Bill but was thrown 
 out by the Legislative Council by an adverse vote, yet 
 not on account of any question as to its character as a 
 public Bill. Singularly enough another Corporation Act 
 Amendment Bill and a Bill for erecting a Dam in the 
 Angas River were both allowed to pass as public Bills, 
 although in accordance with Sir George Kingston's ruling 
 they were to all intents private Bills as much as those to 
 which he had objected. The want of certainty in the 
 Speaker's decisions produced a great deal of inconvenience 
 in the regulation of Corporation matters. A Bill was 
 prepared to facilitate the erection of dwellings for 
 working men, on land belonging to the Municipal 
 Corporations. It was based on the " English Artisans' 
 Dwellings Act," but its adoption liy the Council was
 
 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 401 
 
 postponed. A Bill for the regulation of common lodging- 
 houses in the city and in Port Adelaide was passed into 
 law; and the Governor, under it, received power to 
 extend its operation to other towns, districts, and ])laces, 
 by proclamation. A short Act was also passed authorising 
 the erection, on certain portions of the Park Lands, of 
 buildings for the Houses of Parliament. This measure 
 took its origin in a dispute between the two Houses of 
 the Legislature, as to the erection of new Parliament 
 buildings, in the course of which it was discovered that 
 the Government had no power to exercise rights of 
 ownership as they had done over the land in question 
 in erecting the existing Parliamentary buildings.* 
 
 The progress of the Council of the University of 
 Adelaide had been so far satisfactory that it was deter- 
 mined formally to open it, and to inaugurate its first 
 commencement. A meeting of the Council was accord- 
 ingly held on 2nd May, in the Town Hall, to confer 
 ad eundem degrees upon the graduates of Universities 
 recognised by that of Adelaide, who had signified their 
 intention of accepting such degrees, in order to constitute 
 the Senate. The majority of those who presented them- 
 selves wore academic costume. The meeting was 
 presided over by the Chancellor (the Right Rev. Dr. 
 Short). On the platform seats had been reserved for 
 the Governor and suite. The Council and the Professors 
 were also present. An address suitable to the occasion 
 was delivered by the Chancellor, and after its conclusion 
 the first deofree (that of Master of Arts) was conferred 
 
 '" bee A} 2>*3iidix E, 
 AA
 
 402 CITV OF ADELAIDI^. 
 
 on his Lordship by the Vice-Chaucellor (His Honor 
 Chief Justice Way). At the meeting twenty-four gen- 
 tlemen were admitted to the degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine, twenty-seven to that of Master of Arts, four 
 to that of Bachelor of Laws, four to the degree of 
 Bachelor of Medicine, and seventeen to the rank of 
 Bachelor of Arts, besides two upon whom degrees were 
 conferred in absentia. 
 
 The organ, which had arrived from England, had 
 been erected in the Town Hall, and was opened on the 2nd 
 of October, It possesses a magnificent tone, and being 
 played for the first time in the hearing of the public at the 
 swearing-in of His Excellency the Governor, added very 
 materially to the general effect of that imposing ceremonyJ 
 It has 40 stops, and is fitted with pneumatic bellows 
 and hydraulic engines for blowing. The total cost cam« 
 to £2,200. The elevation is chaste in design, and th( 
 whole structure forms a splendid ornament to the Towi 
 Hall, which was thoroughly renovated and re-decoratec 
 while the organ was being erected. 
 
 A line of telegraph 1,800 miles in length, to conned 
 Western Australia with Adelaide, was completed anc 
 opened this year ; the Government of Western AusI 
 tralia bearing the cost of that portion of the line AvithirP 
 that colony, extending from King George's Sound to 
 Rucla, near the " Great Bight" (about 800 miles), whilst 
 South Australia constructed the other portion (about 
 1,000 miles), linking her western sister with the othei' 
 Australian colonies and the civilised world. 
 
 It has been mentioned on page 60 tliat the Imperial
 
 <^ITY OF ADELAIDE. 403 
 
 Parliament converted the loan of £155,000 to the 
 province, by a special Act, into a free gift. A claim for 
 £15,516 Os. 5d., being interest on this sum, said to have 
 accrued prior to the loan being converted into a gift, but 
 which had never been paid, was made by the English 
 Government in 1876 on this colony through the Agent- 
 Greneral, and on examination, having been found correct, 
 was liquidated during 1877. 
 
 An appeal was made to the colony on behalf of the 
 sufferers by the Indian Famine. The Mayor was ap- 
 pointed Chairman of a Committee to collect subscriptions, 
 and in a very short time more than £10,000 were sub- 
 scribed and remitted to India. The sum contributed per 
 head in South Australia in aid of this benevolent purpose 
 Avas greater than in any other of the Australian colonies. 
 
 The Mayor's report at the close of his tenure of 
 office, showed that the city was in a more prosperous 
 condition than it had ever been. The revenue for the 
 year had amounted to £48,335. Of this £31,347 had 
 been laid out in public improvements. There was a 
 credit balance at the bank and the pi'ospects of the 
 coming year were excellent. The retirement of 
 Mr. Peacock, whose Mayoralty had been most successful 
 and most useful to the city, closed the twenty-fifth year 
 of the existence of the Corporation of Adelaide. The 
 history of the citj had been a chequered one, but the 
 seeds of prosperity and progress had rooted so deeply 
 in the soil and had flourished so well, that little more 
 than forty years had elapsed from the time when it« 
 site had been a mere forest, tenanted only by wandering
 
 404 CITY OF ADELAIDE. 
 
 natives and wild animals, that scarcely any reverse 
 that could befall it would be likely now to arrest 
 its growth. The birth of municipal Government within 
 its limits was the forerunner of independent political 
 Government over the country, of which Adelaide forms 
 the capital. The moderation and wisdom with which the 
 legislation of the colony has been conducted, and the 
 substantial efforts that have been successfully made to 
 conquer the difficulties which beset the existence of new 
 countries, leave room for substantial hope that the 
 province of South Australia and its chief city will 
 hereafter play a prominent and important part in working 
 out the destinies of the island continent of Australia. 
 
 ^*^ Subsequent to the greater portion of this work 
 having passed through the press, it was deemed desirable 
 to continue it to the close of the municipal year of 1877. 
 This will account for the statement at the head of the 
 first page being erroneous. 
 
 THE END.
 
 APPENDICES.
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Appendix A. 
 
 FOUNDATION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 j'xtract from " The Literarij Gazette and Journal of Belles Letters,'" 29th October, 
 
 1831. 
 
 " Plan of a company to be established for the purpose of foundino- 
 :) colony in Southern Australia, purchasing- land therein, and preparing- 
 the land so purchased for the reception of immig-rants. London, 
 1831, Ridg-way and Sons." The editor thus criticises and sum- 
 marises the plan : — 
 
 '' So soon after the all hut total failure of those extravag-ant hopes 
 of success which attended the formation of the Swan River Settlement, 
 the projectors of a new colony in Australia must put forth some very 
 strong- recommendations of their scheme in order to obtain for it even 
 a moderate degree of support ; nay, more, they must show distinctly 
 that whatever were the causes of failure at the Swan River, those 
 causes cannot operate in their project. * * * 
 
 " In the new colony provision is made for securing- an ample 
 supply of labor at all times. This, the one thing- needful, is provided 
 lor by a very simple reg-ulation. No land is to be g-iven away ; all 
 land is to be sold to the hig-hest bidder above a fixed minimum price, 
 and the whole produce of sales is to be employed in conveying- labor 
 to the colony. By selecting- the emigrants taken out cost-iree, by 
 confining- the offer of a free passage to young married or marriageable 
 persons of both sexes in equal proportions, the greatest amount of 
 hibor will be procured at the least cost. Thus the purchaser of land, 
 though he will appear to buy land, will, in fact, buy labor, and at the 
 cheapest rate. So that no laborer will be able to obtain land until he 
 shall have procured a considerable sum by laboring for hire ; and 
 when he shall become a landowner, his place will be supplied by other 
 laborers, to be sent out with what he shall have paid for land. The 
 adoption of this principle in the disposal of waste land appears 
 admirably calculated to prevent that dispersion, both of capital and
 
 APPi-:.\i)iCKs. 407 
 
 labor, to which the ill success ot the Swan River colony must be 
 attributed. In the present instance it is to be secured from the 
 beg-inning-, and throuo-hout the colony, by a royal charter, which, it is 
 understood. His Majesty's Government will grant to the com])any now 
 in the course of fbrmation. 
 
 " 'I'his company is to possess a capital of £500,000, of wliich sum 
 one-fourth is to'bepaid to the Government for land, and to be by the 
 Government immediately expended in supplying- the company with 
 laborer:-:. With another portion of the company's capital, the laborers 
 so sent out will be employed in founding- a town on the company's 
 land, and otherwise increasing- its value by roads, docks, bridges, <fec., 
 so that it may become the seat of government and the centre of 
 commerce. With another portion of their capital, the company will 
 defi'ay all the expenses of colonial government until the male adult 
 population shall reach ten thousand, when a Legislative Assembly is 
 to be called, and the colony is to defray its own expenses of govern- 
 ment, besides re-paying to the company what the latter shall have 
 advanced on that score. The remainder of the capital of the company 
 is to be advanced to settlers possessing some capital, who may purchase 
 land either of the company or of the Government. Thus, up to tjie 
 extent of £125,000, persons having, let us say for example, £2,000 
 may take shares to the amount of £1,000 in the company, borrow 
 £1,000 of the company, and so retain their entire capital for use, 
 besides reaping a share of the company's profits to be derived from the 
 resale of their land at a much enhanced price. The rapid increase in 
 the value of land which occurs in parts of new colonies where popula- 
 tion couuregates, leaves no doubt that if this C(>mi)any should rix the 
 seat of Government and the centre of commerce "U their purchase, 
 and if, nioreover, every appropriation of land in the colony should 
 produce a corresponding increase of the colonial population, the 2rant 
 of the company will rapidly acquire a grent increase of value. Upon 
 the whole their prosperity is made dependent on the prosperity of the 
 colony, and all the regulations appear to be framed with a view to the 
 general advantage as a means- of profit to themselves. The sound 
 principle ol' self-government, and the return to the old iashioned but 
 excellent system of ciiarter, instead of leaving the colony always 
 dependent on a minister at home, are advantages which will distinguish 
 this from all very modern colonies ; and we must add that the Govern- 
 ment deserve high credit for promoting an experiment which promises 
 to be successful, and which, if it should succeed, must lead to the 
 destruction of that system of patronage, lavoritism, and jobbing in the 
 disposal of new land which, however injurious to any colony where it 
 prevails, a selfish colonial secretary would not have abandoned. 
 
 " The rules and regulations of the charter which is to incorporate 
 the company and found the colony, are to extend to all settlements
 
 40^ APPENDICES. 
 
 that may be formed on the southern coast of Australia between the 
 132° and 141° of east longitude, and the islands on that line of coast. 
 The spot fixed on for the first settlement is Port Lincoln, a mag-nificent 
 harbor at the entrance to Spencer's Gulf, of which a particular 
 description is given by Flinders, Not far from Port Lincoln is an 
 island to which Flinders gave the name of Kangaroo, in consequence 
 of the great number of kangaroos he saw there. It is about 80 miles 
 long by 40 broad, and concerning this spot very minute and satis- 
 factory information has been obtained from persons who have carefully 
 examined it, and especially from Captain Sutherland, late of the ship 
 Lang, who is now in London, and who passed an autumn, Avinter, and 
 spring on the island." 
 
 Appendix B. 
 
 Extract from "Colonization of South Australia, by R. E. Torrens, Esq., F.R.S. , 
 Chairman of the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia;" Lon- 
 don; Longman & Co.; 1835. 
 
 " The plan upon which the new British province of South Australia 
 is to be colonized has received the sanction of some of the most distin- 
 guished statesmen of the day. To Lord Howick belongs the honor of 
 having been the first to give practical operation to the principle of 
 selling the colonial lands at the disposal of the Crown, and of employing 
 the proceeds of the sale in conveying voluntary emigrants to the 
 Colonies. Seconded by the enlarged views and accurate science of 
 Mr. John Shaw Lefevre, Lord Stanley — as Secretary of State for the 
 Colonies — proposed to bring in a Bill for the colonization of South 
 Australia upon this principle. Mr. Spring Rice, on succeeding to the 
 Colonial Department, took up the plan with his characteristic prompti- 
 tude and intelligence ; and the Bill for erecting South Australia into 
 a British Province passed the House of Commons with his sanction and 
 support. It passed the House of Lords under the shield of the Duke 
 of Wellivijton ; and it received the Royal assent on the last day of tlie 
 last session of Parliament. 
 
 " On the change of Government Lord Aberdeen declared his 
 intention of carrying the Act of Parliament into effect, and Mr. Hay 
 applied his long experience and great talents for business in removing 
 the practical difficulties which interposed. Another change of Govern- 
 ment created no delay, and the first j)ublic act of Lord Glenelg as 
 Secretary of State for the Colonies was to gazette the Colonization 
 Commissioners for South Australia."
 
 APPENDICES. 409 
 
 Appendix C. 
 
 Extract from "Brief Journal of the Proceedings of William Light, late Surveyor- 
 General of the Province of South Australia." A. MacDougall, Rundle 
 Street, 1839. 
 
 Page 60. — " I shall now g-o on with this meetino-, which took 
 place on the 10th February, 1837." 
 
 " * To His Excellency the Governor, &c., &c. 
 
 " ' May it please yonr Excellency — We the undersigned, being- 
 purchasers of the first sections of land in South Australia, or their 
 representatives, pray that your Excellency will call a public meeting 
 of the landholders, for the purpose of taking- into consideration the 
 propriety of the site proposed for the situation of the capital of this 
 Colony. 
 
 " ' And in doing- so your memorialists would respectfully impress 
 your Excellency that nothing approaching to a spirit of opposition 
 actuates them, but they are anxious that a question of such importance^ 
 and upon which so much of their prosperity depends, should be fairly 
 and fully considered by those whose capital has called this colony into 
 existence. 
 
 " ' And your memorialists would further pray that your Excellency, 
 Her Majesty's Representative in this Province, would be pleased to 
 preside at this meeting in question. 
 
 " ' And your memorialists will ever pray. 
 
 " 'Edward Stephens, J. P. '^ 'John Hallett 
 
 " 'T. B. Strangways, J.P. '' ' C. G. Everard 
 
 ^' 'Bingham Hutchinson, J P. " 'W. Ward 
 " 'A. F. Lindsay " 'William Malcolm 
 
 " ' Glenelg Plains, 2nd February, 1837.' " 
 
 " In compliance with the foregoing- resolution a public meeting- 
 was held at Mr. Stephens' tent, on Friday the 10th February, when 
 his Excellency intimated by letter under date of the 7th February, 
 written on board H.M.S. Bulfalo, that he complied with their request 
 to call a public meeting, but that considerations in reference to the 
 course lie might be called upon to pursue as Governor, prevented his 
 presiding- over the meeting. 
 
 " The Private Secretary (G. Stevenson, Esq.), was elected to the 
 office of (Jhairman, and the following motions were dealt with : 
 
 " ' Moved by C. Mann, Esq., Advocate-General ; seconded by T. 
 Gilbert, Esq., storekeeper. 
 
 " ' 1st. That those only who in their own right, or in the right of 
 others hold land-orders, or receipts for them, shall be entitled to vote 
 in case of division upon resolutions or amendments moved, and that in 
 case of division the names of persons voting be taken down. Carried 
 ^unanimously.
 
 410 APPENDICES. 
 
 " 'Moved by J. Morphett, Esq.; seconded Ijy the Advocate- 
 General. 
 
 " ' 2nd. That each })arty voting- shall have a .separate voting- for 
 every land-order held or represented by him, and shall be entitled to a 
 scrutiny. Carried unnnhnously. 
 
 '''Moved by T. B. Strang-ways, Esq.; seconded by John 
 Hallett, Esq. 
 
 " '3rd. Thai it is the opinion of this meeting-, that the site at 
 present selecled for the chief town of the Colony, being- at a consider- 
 able distance from navig-able waters, is not such as they were led to 
 expect would be chosen. 
 
 " Upon this motion considerable discussion took place, and two 
 letters were read by J. H. Fisher, Esq., Colonial Commissioner. 1st. 
 A letter from William Lig-ht, Esq., Surveyor-General, authorised bv 
 His Majesty's Commis.sioners for South Australia, to select the site of 
 the first town. 
 
 " 'Adelaide, February 9th, 1837. 
 
 " ' Sir — I have received your letter dated the 6tli instant, with n 
 copy of a letter from the Colonial Secretary stating- that his Excellencv 
 the Governor considers it necessary that I should report to the Colonial 
 Government forthwith what steps have been ado})ted to ascertain the 
 capabilities of the country now under survey, &c., &c. ; and also, that 
 ■after my report of the Harbor Master's opinion that he would take in 
 the Buffalo, still His Excellencj does not feel himself sufficiently 
 warranted to proclaim the same a port ■H'ithoun a detailed plan being 
 laid before him. 
 
 "' I beg- in my ve\)\y to state that this plan I conceive, in the first 
 instance, it to be the duty of the Harbor Master to make, not only 
 because it is more especially within his province, but because it is im- 
 possible for me to attend to the survey of the town and harbor at the 
 same time. 
 
 " ' The steps taken to ascertain the capabilities of the country now 
 under survey are the result of my own observations, which, in com- 
 parison with all other parts I have seen of this coast, are so superior, 
 the soil so g'ood, the plains m the immediate neig'hbourhood so extensive, 
 and the proximity of a plentiful supply of excellent fresh water all the 
 year round, the prdbability also of one of the plains extending- as far 
 as the Murray River, or very near it, which from the termination of m 
 the mountains in the plains, at the g-reat distance they do, I have every ll 
 reason to expect, the excellent sheep walks in the neig'hbourhood, and 
 the easy communication with the harbor over a dead fiat of about six 
 miles, and also the beauty of the country; these objects, in my mind, 
 could admit of no doubt of its capabilities for a ciijiital.
 
 APrKNDTCFS 411' 
 
 "'The relative position of the town is aboutN.E. by N. or 
 E.N.E. of the mouth of the river at Holdfast Bay, and the harbor from 
 Adelaide is about six miles N.W. by W. nearly. 
 
 '•' 'A river runs close by the front of the town which in time can be 
 made navigable, if such a thing- be necessary, for such ships as come 
 now to the harbor, and connected with the harbor by means of a canal ; 
 in the meantime the plain between the town and the harbor is so level 
 and destitute of every hindrance that carriages of every description 
 can at once be drawn without even the trouble of making a common 
 road, and the only thing wanted is to construct a temporary Avooden 
 bridge over the river at the town, or perhaps half-a-mile from it. 
 
 " ' The harbor is good and safe in every wind, and the entrance 
 only wants buoying down to make it easy for ships drawing 16 or 16 
 feet of water, and in time for ships of more draught. 
 
 " '■ There is a great scarcity of fresh water at the harbor, which 
 is the principal reason for not fixing on that as the site of the capital, 
 but in time water may be conveyed in pipes, or the canal, if cut, would 
 supply it ; and as soon as any w^agon or other carriages are established 
 between Adelaide and the harbor, water may be sent down every 
 morning, and the same vehicles return with goods in the afternoon. I 
 mention this as the present means, for as the colony advances the com- 
 munication will improve. 
 
 '^ ' I have now further to state that the site of the town was not 
 determined on before his Excellency the Governor appeared in person, 
 and that we walked together to look at it, and Mr. Cock, whom the 
 Governor brought with him, expressed his opinion that no commercial 
 town could be built except at a port (an opinion I beg to dilier from) ; 
 that at the Governor's suggestion I consented to remove the town 
 about two miles lower down the river, and we also walked together to 
 that spot, which was agreed between his Excellency and myself to be 
 the site ; but on examination afterwards, I found the Avinter torrents 
 overflowed the banks considerably. I therefore returned to the site 
 first selected, and some few days after I had the satisfaction to hear 
 his Excellency approve of it in the highest terms. With regard to 
 the harbor, his Excellency the Governor had himself examined it with 
 Mr. Field, and he had expressed his approbation of that also, with the 
 site of the town, at the Council, on the 19th Januai'y (the day I was 
 desired by an oflicial letter from the Colonial Secretary to attend), and 
 declared then that the only point on which his Excellency diifered 
 with me in opinion was of the anchorage of Holdfast Bay. I did not 
 consider it necessary to make any further report of the steps that had 
 been adopted to ascertain the capabilities of the country now under 
 survey. 
 
 " ' I beg, moreover, to add that I have deferred sending in anv plans 
 of tbe country or hnrhop until such time as accurate ones fit for public
 
 412 APPENDICES. 
 
 inspection can be drawn, for which there has not been sufficient time 
 or other convenience, but they are proceeding- with all possible despatch. 
 
 " ' I have the honor to be, Sir, 
 
 " ' Your obedient humble Servant, 
 
 "'William Light, 
 
 " ' Surveyor-General. 
 "'To the Hon. J. H.Fisher.' 
 
 " 2nd. — A. letter from Masters and Owners of Vessels in the Port 
 of Adelaide. 
 
 " 'To His Excellency Capt. John Hindmarsh, R.N.,K.H,, Governor 
 of South Australia. 
 
 " ' May it please your Excellency — We, the undersig-ned, beg- to 
 congragulate your Excellency on the proof which our safe arrival in 
 this port affords of its eligibility as a safe retreat for such vessels as 
 are calculated from their burden to trade with the colony over which 
 3'ou preside. At the same time we beg to suggest, not merely as a 
 matter in which we ourselves are deeply interested, but as one on 
 which the prosperity of this new colony must in a great measure 
 depend, the propriety of removing, so far as lies in your Excellency's 
 ])Ower, one serious evil under which we at present labor, namely, the 
 want of a regular supply of fresh water. We understand that frequent 
 attempts have been made to procure such a supply by digging of wells, 
 1)ut that these have more or less failed. 
 
 " ' The only alternative now left us (unless assisted by your 
 Excellency in the way we humbly beg to propose) is to employ our 
 crews in carrying, under the influence of a scorching- sun, a very 
 insufficient supply, while that we feel in duty to ourselves and our 
 employers that they should be engaged in landing- the cargoes 
 entrusted to their care. What we therefore propose is this, that two or 
 Three yoke of oxen be employed daily at this side of the river of 
 Adelaide in carrying water from thence to ships in the port. Such an 
 arrangement could not only render the harbor such a one as every 
 seaman would desire as an anchorage for vessels of our burden (300 
 tons), but would be attended with the double advantage of ensuring to 
 the colonists an early receipt of their property, and affording them 
 an opportunity of carrying- it to the intended capital by means of their 
 i-eturn wagons. 
 
 " ' With every g'ood wish for your Excellency's welfare, and that 
 of the colony, we beg to remain your Excellency's most obedient and 
 humble servants, 
 
 " ' John Duff, 
 
 " ' Commander of the Africaine. 
 
 " ' Alexander Fleming, 
 
 " ' Commander of the brig Wm. Hutt.'
 
 APPENDICES. 413 
 
 " After which the following amendment was moved to the third 
 resolution by E. Wrig-ht, Esq., M.D., and seconded by G. S. Kingston, 
 Esq., Deputy Surveyor : — 
 
 " ' That this meeting- considers that in the site selected by the 
 Surveyor- General for the first town, he has secured in a most satis- 
 factory manner those advantages which the Commissioners and the 
 first purchasers in England contemplated as essential — a central point 
 in the province, in the neighborhood of a safe and improvable harbor, 
 abundance of fresh water on the spot, and of good land and pasturage 
 in its vicinity, with a probable easy communication with the Murray, 
 Lake Alexandrina, and the most fertile part of New South Wales, 
 without fear of any injury to the principles of the colony from too near 
 an approach to the confines of the convict settlement.' 
 
 " Upon a division taking place, the numbers were as follows : — 
 
 For the amendment ... ... ... 218 
 
 Ao-ainst it... ... ... ... ... 127 
 
 Majority in favor of amendment ... 91 
 
 " Moved by B. T. Finniss, Esq., Assistant Surveyor, and seconded 
 by the Advocate-General : — 
 
 " ' 4th. That the meeting desires most earnestly to express its con- 
 victions that the colonists may pi'oceed in the immediate outlay of their 
 capital in the colony, and in the commencement or furtherance of their 
 mercantile or agricultural engagements, confident that the doubts 
 thrown upon the expediency of such exertions are utterly unfounded.' 
 Carried vnanimously . 
 
 " Moved by E. Stephen, Esq., and seconded by Bingham 
 Hutchinson, Esq. : — 
 
 " '■ 5th. That it is the opinion of this meeting that as the land 
 situated on the banks of the harbor will speedily be available for com- 
 mercial Durposes, the landowners present are willing that a portion of 
 the one thousand town acres should be surveyed at the harbor.' 
 Cnrried unanimously. 
 
 " Moved by .John Brown, Esq., Emigration Agent, and seconded 
 by John Morphett, Esq. : — 
 
 "'6th. That this meeting considers that the Surveyor- General, 
 William Light, Esq., has most ably and judiciously discharged the 
 responsible duty assigned to him by the Commissioners, and is fully 
 entitled to their confidence in every respect.' Carried unanimously"
 
 414 APPENDICES. 
 
 Appendix D. 
 
 PURCHASE OF THE PARK LANDS. 
 
 Extract from " The South Australian Hffjister,'' 29th August, 1849. 
 " Leii-islative Council Meeting-, Tuesday, 2Stli Aug-ust, 1849. 
 " The Colonial Secretary laid on the tahle the following- papers : — 
 
 JCOPY.] 
 
 " ' Colonial Secretary's Office, 13th December, 1839. 
 " ' On demand I promise to pay to J. A. Jackson, Esq., Colonial 
 Treasurer, the sum of Two thousand three hundred pounds in purchase 
 of the P-ark Lands of Adelaide, and thirty-two acres of Park Lands 
 on the western side of the city, purchased on the 16th April, and 
 intended for a public cemetery. 
 
 '• ' Robert Gouger, * 
 " ' £2,300. " ' Colonial Secretary. 
 
 " ' Cancelled 25th September, 1848, by authority from Colonial 
 Secretary of same date.' 
 
 ''•'Colonial Treasury, Adelaide, 11th September, 1848. 
 
 "'Sir, — The following- "general observations" having- been ad- 
 dressed to the Colonial Treasurer by the Commission of Audit, I have 
 the honor to request you will refer the subject to the consideration of 
 his Excellency Sir Henry Young- : — 
 
 [extract.] 
 
 ' " When Mr. .Jackson ceased, to be Treasure!', viz., dii the IGth 
 October, 1841, he handed over to his successor, Mr, Goug-er, two 
 {>romissory notes of the Colonial Secretary in favour of the Treasurer, 
 one tor £2,300, and the other for £800, as the value of land selected 
 by the local Government, which notes have been charg-ed against the 
 Treasurer by the Commissioner of Audit. The note for £800 was 
 redeemed by the Colonial Government on the 6th Januar}^, 1842, and 
 the amount paid into the Treasury and carried to the credit of land 
 sales ; but as the Treasurer's accounts up to the latest period delivered 
 into this office (viz., the 31st December, 1846) do not show that any 
 settlement in regard to the note for £2,300 had taken place, the Com- 
 missioners for auditing' the public accounts sug-g-est that, unless there 
 should be any sufficient reason to the contrary, the amount should be 
 made g-ood out of the gener-al revenue to the land fund, and be broug-ht 
 to account under the latter head. 
 
 "'G. B. 
 
 ' •' May o, 1848." 
 
 " • The particular point updu which it will be U'jcessary to have His 
 Excellency's opinion, is as to whether any sufficient reason exists for 
 not charg-ing the general revenue with the amount. I may mention 
 that there is no other record of the sale of the Park Lands in the
 
 APPENDICES. 415 
 
 Treasury Office other than the note in question, a copy of which is liere- 
 with forwarded. No entry had been made of land sold for any such 
 purpose, and no cash payments have been broug-ht to account under any 
 head, nor is there any correspondence relative to the transaction. 
 
 " ' It appears to have orig-inated during- the administration of 
 Colonel Gawler, and was noticed by Governor Grey in a minute to the 
 Legislative Council, dated the 11th of October, 1843 (p. 23 Council 
 Paper), in these words: — •' Debt due on the Land Fund on account of 
 Park Land and Government Farm £3,100.' 
 
 '' ' It is to he observed that the contract having- been made whilst 
 the iirst South Australian Act was in force, the entire proceeds of 
 the sale, if completed, would be brought to account as a credit to 
 the Immigration Fund, and would torm one of the class of accounts 
 headed ' Debt to the Immig-ration Fund', as the Land Fund was 
 formerly styled. Lut the amount has not hitherto entered into any 
 computation of the relative balance of any head of accounts since the 
 note made by Governor Grey, as before mentioned, in consequence 
 of there being- no official record of it in the books. It seems to have 
 been regarded for some time past as a mere' fictitious sale. I may 
 add for the further information of His Excellency, that if His Excell- 
 ency should decide upon completing the transaction according- to its 
 original tenor, it appears to me that it might be charged against the 
 reserve moiety of the present Land Fund ; also, that if made 
 chargeable against the general revenue it would be nece.ssary to 
 obtain the sanction of the Legislative Council to the expenditure, on 
 the occasion of the next estimates. 
 
 '' ' I have, &c., 
 
 '"B. T. FiNNis, 
 
 " ' Acting Colonial Treasurer.' 
 " ' Colonial Secretary's Office, Adelaide, 25th September, 1848.' 
 '' ' Sir — Having l-aid before the Lieutenant-Governor your letter 
 .:' the 14th inst., relative to the alleged debt of £2,300 to the Land 
 Fund on account of the Park Lands of Adelaide, I am directed by his 
 Excellency to observe, in reply, that the debt in question may be held 
 to be cancelled, as it was merely a mode of effecting a reserve for 
 ))ublic uses of certain lands which, by the existing law, mav be 
 reserved without any obligation upon the Government to purchase 
 them. They are and have been accordingly so reserved, and will s» 
 continue to be reserved, and therefore the transaction may be consi- 
 dered at an end. 
 
 " ' I have, ifcc, 
 
 '^'A. M. MUNDY, 
 
 " ' Colonial Secretary. 
 " ' To the Colonial Treasurer.'
 
 416 APPENDICES. 
 
 " ' Land Office, 12th December, 1839. 
 
 " '■ The Hon. Robert Gouger, Colonial Secretary, on behalf of the 
 Colonial G'^verninent, tendered the Colonial Treasurer's receipt for 
 £2,"i00, in addition to £32 transferred from the Reserve Fund to the 
 Land Fund on the 16th April, 1839. By virtue of these payments the 
 Colonial Government claimed to purchase the whole of the Park Lands 
 surroundina; .North and South Adelaide, including- the 32 acres on the 
 western side of South Adelaide, which had been laid out as a public 
 cemetery 
 
 " ' Claim admitted, to be published in Gazette of the 19th 
 December instant. "'George Hall.' 
 
 "On Tuesday the 4th September, 1849, in the Legislative Council 
 the Hon. ( aptain Bag-ot "^ called His Excellency's attention to the 
 papers laid on the table, pursuant to his (Captain Bag-ot's) motion. It 
 appeared by them that the Park Lands were purchased for the people 
 by the Colonial Government, and paid for by a bill drawn by the 
 Colonial Secretaiy, which was received by the Colonial Treasurer and 
 acknowledgf d as payment ; but the money was never paid, and as the 
 sale was a virtual one it^oug-ht to be completed.' 
 
 "The Advocate-General (Hon. W. Smillie), said * the Park Lands 
 had been reserved for public uses, under the ^ " 3rd Section of the Land 
 Sales Act ; " ' and by the Municipal Bill it was proposed to make the 
 Park Lauds over to the Corporation, for the use and benefit of the 
 public' 
 
 " Captain Bag-ot considered ' the Park Lands stood in a very 
 different position from roads, which by appropriation became public 
 property ; they were actually purchased.' 
 
 " The Advocate-General — Yes, ' at a time when there was a 
 project on foot to g-et possession of them by private individuals, who 
 even commenced a subscription to raise a fund to purchase them. But 
 by the ' " ¥/aste Lands Act " ' the Governor had power to reserve 
 them, and he did so.' 
 
 " Captain Bag-ot — ' Then the Government of that day resorted 
 to the tricking' of a mock-purchase, to prevent others exercising- a 
 perfect leg-al right. Would the learned Advocate-General say that the 
 honorable and hig-h-minded g-entleman who then presided over the 
 province Innt himself to such an unworthy trick : No, he made a bona 
 fine purchase, giving- the only security in his power for the purchase- 
 money, which he intended to pay, and which they were bound to pay. 
 The colonists expected that, and he as a colonist demanded it.' 
 
 " The A dvocate-General ' would maintain that the Government 
 had by a j)er!ectly legal arrangement prevented certain artful tricksters 
 who thought to dey)rive the peo])le of land set apart by Government 
 for the benefit of the public health, and to supply a place for popular 
 recreation. He as Advocate-General, stood there, and said that his 
 Excellency had done what was right, and had done it legally.' "
 
 APPENDICES. 417 
 
 Appendix E. 
 
 On page 218 of the " Appendix to the Report from the Select 
 Committee on ^outh Australia,^^ in the " Monthly Statement of Sales 
 of Public L<inds in South Australia during 1839, effected in the 
 Colony,'^ appears the following : — 
 
 THIRD QUARTER. 
 
 No. of Aci'es. Purchase Money. 
 
 Oct.)>ier 692 £692 
 
 November 329 329 
 
 December 4,493* 4,493 
 
 * Thi.^ includes 2,300 acres purchased by the Colonial Government 
 for Park Lands and Cemetery. 
 
 Writino- on the subject of tlie Park Lands to the Advertiser, 
 November 12th, 1877, Sir Georg-e Kingston, Speaker of the House of 
 Assembly, says : — 
 
 "A discussion has lately been initiated as to the power of the 
 Government to resume portions of the Park Lands for building- 
 purposes, and to alter or lay out new roads across the same. 
 
 " As regards opening- up new roads I readily admit that the progress 
 of settlement of the country around Adelaide has rendered necessary 
 (and will again do so) the opening up of new lines of road across the 
 Park Lands in directions not contemplated or laid out by Colonel 
 Light, but think the Corporation, as representing the citizens, and not 
 the Government, should be the body to decide all such questions. 
 
 '' The power of the Government to resume any portion of the Park 
 Lands for Government purposes is, ho^vever, a very different question ; 
 and on behalf of the citizens generally, and more particularly on 
 behalf of the old colonists present at the selection and sale of' the 
 town acres in March, 1837, I deny the right of the Government to 
 interfere with or make use of any portion of the Park Lands not 
 specially reserved or set apart for Government purposes by Colonel 
 Light, and so described on his original plan of the city. I may I 
 think be excused for claiming to speak as an authority on this subject, 
 because my official position as next to Colonel Light on the survey 
 staff gave me the best opportunity for knowing every detail of his 
 plans, as well as its being my duty to see that his instructions were 
 properly carried out. 
 
 " Colonel Light's original plan of the city exhibited at the selec- 
 tion and sale of the town acres in March, 1837, showed the city 
 divided into two blocks — that to the south of the river comprising 
 700 acres, while that to the north comprised 343 acres — surrounded on 
 all sides by a large area of vacant land, which Colonel Light, in 
 pursuance of Ins instructions and with the sanction of the Resident 
 I'.B
 
 418 APPENDICES. 
 
 Commissioner, the late Sir James Hurtle Fisher, described as parks, 
 to be reserved from sale, and dedicated as Park Lands for the use and 
 recreation of the citizens, with the exception of nine blocks of land 
 thereon delineated, and which were stated to be reserved out of the 
 Park Lands for various Government buildinpi'S or other purposes, the 
 use for which each such block was reserved being" in each case printed 
 thereon. 
 
 "I may add that the outer boundaries of the Park Lands were 
 not then definitely fixed, only roughly sketched in ; but as the survey 
 of the country sections proceeded they were marked on the g^round, as 
 may be seen on reference to the original map of Districts A. and B, 
 and which also shows the numbers and position of the nine Govern- 
 ment reserves. The plots thus referred to are as follow : — 
 
 " No. 1. Government House Reserve. — This was shown on JNorth- 
 terrace, directly facing King William-street; but subsequently on 
 proceeding to mark out the reserve it was seen that owing to the rapid 
 fall of che western half of the grounds it was not well adapted for 
 building purposes. It was therelbre thought advisable to remove the 
 block a little to the more level ground on the enst (the present site of 
 the Government House), without, however, altering the area of the 
 reserve. Had the original site been adhered to the present road and 
 bridge leading to North Adelaide would not have been constructed. 
 
 " No. 2. Barrack Reserve. — This was fixed between North-terrace 
 and the river to the east of the Government House, being as near as 
 may be to the site now occupied by the Police Barracks. 
 
 " No. 3. Guard-house Reserve. — A small block abutting on 
 North-terrace, between the Government House and the Barrack 
 Reserve. 
 
 " No. 4. Hospital Reserve. — Situated near the intersections of 
 North and East terraces ; but when, under instructions from Colonel 
 Gawler, that building was about to be erected, I pointed out to him 
 that the situation was in a hollow, and suggested the advisability ot 
 altering the position to the higher ground on the north, and in accord- 
 ance with my advice the Hospital was then built on the higher ground. 
 The building on the site thus changed now forms part of the Lunatic 
 Asylum. 
 
 " No. 5. Cemetery Reserve. — Situated towards the south end of 
 the West Park Lands, has not been interfered with. It is, however, 
 much to be regretted that owing to the peculiar nature of the ground — 
 land springs being lound close to the surface — it is very unsuitable for 
 a cemetery, A Select Committee of the House of Assembly took 
 evidence on the subject some years back, and reported on the necessity 
 of another site being selected, and the opinion of the public has since 
 been often expressed in accordance with the report of the Committee. 
 A late Government, I believe, took steps to purchase a new site, but 
 from what I can learn the land so selected is not suitable. In my 
 
 J
 
 APPENDICES. 419 
 
 opinion the land to be selected should be a naturally well-drained dry 
 soil to a depth of not less than 10 feet, and free from rock ; nor do I 
 think there is any difficulty in making- such a selection on the plains 
 west of Adelaide a little south of the river and north of the line of 
 railway, the sub-soil of this part of the country bein{^ g-enerally a 
 lig-ht sandy earth, naturally dry, and retaining' water not intersected 
 by land-springs. 
 
 "x\o. 6. Market-place Reserve. — Situated on West-terrace, 
 opposite Franklin-street, where the Flagstaff and Keeper's cottage are 
 now erected. The site for the Market has been changed to the west 
 end of North-terrace, where the Cattle and Sheep Markets are now 
 held. 
 
 " No. 7. Botanic Garden Reserve. — Situated on the south bank of 
 the Torrens and east of Thebarton, extending- towards the Gaol. In 
 this instance it has also been thought advisable to exchang-e the site to 
 the east end of Nortli-terrace, where the Garden is now so beautifully 
 laid out and well mana<^ed. 
 
 " No. 8. Stores Reserve. — Under the hill at North Adelaide, 
 where the iron stores and cottage of the Storekeeper, Mr. Thomas 
 Gilbert, so well known to old colonists, were builc, but after standing 
 for many years were abandoned and taken to pieces. • 
 
 " No. 9. School Reserve. — This was also on the North Adelaide 
 Park Lands, a little to the east of the store on the western slope 
 leading to Montefiore Hill, and has never been marked out or made 
 any use of. 
 
 " Havings thus described the various sites reserved out of the Park 
 Lands for Government purposes, and shown how far the original plan of 
 Colonel Light has or has not been adhered to, it appears to me desir- 
 able to point out the various instances in which tlie Government have 
 encroached on the Park Lands without first seeking' authority to do so, 
 leaving it with the public to consider how far it msy be advisable to 
 condone the irrecoverable past, or to take such steps as may from time 
 to time be necessary to g-uard against the right of the citizens being 
 again encroached on. I do not profess to give an accurate list of all the 
 encroachments. Those occurring to my mind at this moment are as fol- 
 lows : — 1. Destitute As3'lum — a mass of building-s of all ages, but which, 
 including that now in course of erection, are most certainly the 
 reverse of ornamental and most unsuited to the locality; 2. Gunshed ; 
 3. Magazine,- 4. Stores; 5. Hospital; 6. Exhibition Building; 7, 
 Printing Office ; 8. Parliament Buildings ; 9. Baths; 10. Rifle Butts; 
 11. Flagstaff and Cottage ; 12. Observatory; 13. Gaol; 14. Slaugh- 
 terhouse; and various gardens and cottages scattered aI)out the Park 
 Lands near the river. 
 
 "A detailed history of some of these encroachments would be 
 amusing, showing how from small beginnings the insignificant hut 
 of the squatter, by adding- a piece here and squaring a corner there,
 
 420 APPENDICES. 
 
 has gradually grown into a building of respectable dimensions. Much 
 misapprehension prevails as to the relative position and powers of the 
 Government acd the Corporation in the control and management of 
 the Park Lands. The facts of the case may be summarized thus : — 
 " 'The Act of Parliament constituting the Corporation vests the 
 management of the Park Lands in the Corporation (with the exception 
 of a certain portion situated between North-terrace and the river), not. 
 however, giving the Corporation any powers of alienation, and not in 
 any way altering the purposes for which the Park Lands were in 
 March, 1837, set apart and dedicated for the use and recreation of the 
 citizens. The portion of the Park Lands not then placed in the 
 control of the Corporation is not, however, vested by the Acts in the 
 Government ; it simply leaves this portion of the Park Lands without 
 attempting to alter the purposes to which it was dedicated or declaring 
 who are to be regarded as trustees in the matter.' 
 
 ''The large encroachment on North-terrace occupied by the 
 railway has been made under sanction of an Act of Parliament — the 
 only legal means by which any portion of the Park Lands can be 
 resumed or changed from the original purpose to which they were 
 dedicated, namely, fqr the use and recreation of the citizens. 
 
 " I am, however, inclined to think that even in this matter the 
 railway authovities have at various times taken possession of more 
 land than they are legally entitled to, and think it would be as well 
 that this matter shoiild be carefully attended to, more particularly by 
 those who live in the immediate neighborhood, whose property can 
 hardly %said to be improved by the style of building adopted by the 
 railway aAfthorities. 
 
 " I am, Sir, &c., 
 
 "G. S. KINGSTON. 
 " Adelaide, 9th November, 1877." 
 
 Appendix F. 
 
 The following list shows the original purchasers of the Town Acres 
 so far as it has been possible to discover them, and, as it may be of 
 interest, where it could be ascertained the price originally paid for such 
 acres is given. The holders of the 437 preliminary land orders issued 
 in England prior to 1836, first exercised their right of selection — 
 priority of choice being determined by lot. The price paid for these 
 preliminary land orders was twelve shillings per Town Acre. Some of 
 the owners of these orders did not exercise their choice until within the 
 last ten or fifteen years, and Town Acre 1037 is not yet selected.
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 421 
 
 Land order No. 325, originally issued to Mrs. Sarah Cornwell, dated 
 9th December 1865, has been deposited in the Land Oifice, but no 
 claim has yet been made for the g-rant of the acre. The land-order 
 contains the following- clause : — " Hath paid for one lot of land, con- 
 sisting- of a town section of 1 acre ; and a country section of 134 acres 
 with a right of priority of choice, as provided in the reg-ulations. 8o 
 soon as the said land shall have been selected, you (the Resident Com- 
 missioner), are to put him, his ag-ent, or assig-ns in possession thereof ; 
 and to procure a grant thereof to be made to him, his heirs, and 
 assig-ns, subject to the laws and reg-ulations of the Colony." 
 
 In the month of March, 1837, the balance of the 1,042 acres of 
 Town Lands, beyond the 437 land-orders, viz : — 605 acres was sold by 
 auction, realising- the prices named below : — 
 
 Acre, 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 Georg-e Barnes 
 
 N. A. Knox 
 Charles Edmonds 
 W. H. Gray 
 M. D. Hill 
 Wm. Bruce 
 
 6 Lord Stuart de Rothsay 
 
 7 Nathaniel Morphett 
 
 8 G. Morphett and R. Addison 
 
 9 Pascoe St. Leg-er Grenfell 
 
 10 S. A. Company 
 
 11 Do. 
 12 
 13 
 
 14 John Rig-g", jun. 
 
 15 S. A. Company 
 
 16 R. N. Burton 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 33 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 34 Do. 
 
 35 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 36 Catherine Bag-uly 
 
 37 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 40 James Coltman, Adelaide 
 
 41 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 . q [ Chosen prior to the sale 
 
 44 S. A. Company 
 
 48 S. A. Company 
 
 49 S. Smith, Halifax 
 
 A.cre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 
 
 17 C. G. Everard 
 
 
 
 
 18 S. A. Company 
 
 19 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 20 John Covey 
 
 
 
 
 21 T. G. Darton 
 
 
 
 
 22 Oswald Smith 
 
 
 
 
 23 Robert Thomas 
 
 
 
 
 24 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 25 S. A. Company 
 
 26 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 
 
 27 John Brown 
 
 
 
 
 28 Robert Biddulph 
 
 29 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 30 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 31 Rev. J. Garden 
 
 
 
 
 32 George Barnes 
 
 
 !*rice 
 
 
 >•• ... ... 
 
 £5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 ... 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 
 
 38 S. A. Company 
 
 39 S. G. Smith 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 ••• 
 
 -y 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 46 S. A. Company 
 
 46 J. P. Nodin 
 
 47 Saml, Payne 
 
 7 n 
 
 1) 9
 
 422 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. 
 
 Pun 
 
 50 Thomas Playford, Adelaide 
 
 51 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 
 52 Georg-e Ormsby, Adelaide 
 
 53 Rev. C. B. Howard, Adelaide 
 
 54 Chas. Crippen 
 
 55 Cornelius Birdseye 
 
 56 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 
 57 Y. B. Hutchinson, Adelaide 
 
 58 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 
 59 M. D. Hill, London 
 
 60 William Henry Gray, Adelaide 
 
 61 Do. 
 
 62 Alex. Simpson 
 
 63 W. H. Gray 
 
 64 Do. 
 
 65 Do. 
 
 66 William Gover, London 
 
 67 R. K. Hill, Adelaide 
 
 68 Basil Sladden, Adelaide 
 
 69 Harry Hug^hlings, Halifax 
 
 70 Alex. Simpson 
 
 71 C. G. Everard 
 
 72 John Brown 
 
 73 Robert Cock, Adelaide ... 
 
 74 Isaac Sladdon, Adelaide... 
 
 75 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 76 William Lei{>-h, Little Aston, Staffordshire 
 
 77 S. A. Company 
 
 78 Lieut. Finniss 
 
 79 Wm. Stuckey 
 
 80 Robert Cock, Adelaide . 
 
 81 John Morphett, Adelaide 
 
 82 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 
 83 Robert Cock, Adelaide .. 
 
 84 Do. 
 
 85 John Morphett, Adelaide 
 
 86 Thomas Morris 
 Acre. Purchaser. Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 87 S. A. Company 91 S. A. Company 
 
 88 Do. 92 Do. 
 
 89 Do. 93 Do. 
 
 90 Do. 94 Do. 
 
 95 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 96 Do. 
 
 97 Do. 
 
 Price. 
 
 £10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 9 5 
 
 12 2 
 
 12 2 
 
 9 5 
 
 8 16 
 
 8 16 
 
 11 11 
 
 14 14 
 
 10 
 
 9 9 
 
 8 10 
 
 7 7 
 
 7 7 
 
 7 7 
 
 8 18 
 
 8 2 
 
 8 18 
 
 10 
 
 10 13 
 
 6 6 
 
 10 
 
 8 18 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 8 2 
 7 14 
 
 8 10 a
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 423 
 
 Acre. 
 
 Pnrchaiser. 
 
 98 John Biirroii Hack, Adelaide 
 
 99 William Townsend 
 iOO Hindmarsh-squaic 
 
 101 Do. 
 
 102 John Rey and Lieut. Finniss 
 
 103 Do 
 
 104 Richard Sladden, Adelaide 
 
 105 William Pullen, R.N., Adelaide 
 
 100 Robert. Gouger, Adelaide 
 
 107 Do. 
 
 108 R. B. Major 
 109 
 
 no S. A. Company 
 
 111 William Leig-h, Little Aston, Staffordshire 
 
 112 Chosen prior to sale 
 
 113 Osmond Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 114 Do 
 116 Wm. Witham 
 
 116 Lioht-.s(juare 
 
 117 Do. 
 
 118 Wm. Witham 
 
 119 William Henry Gray, Adelaide 
 
 120 Do. 
 
 121 Do. 
 
 122 Do. 
 
 123 Do. 
 
 124 Henry Goup;-er 
 12.5 G. F. Shipster 
 
 126 S. Smith, Halifax 
 
 127 Captain Freeman, barque Tam o'Shanter 
 
 128 Do. 
 
 129 William Williams, Adelaide 
 
 130 H. Hughlin^s. Halifax 
 
 131 Robert Auld' 
 
 132 Light-sijuare 
 
 133 Do. 
 
 134 John Cook 
 
 135 His Excellency the Governor 
 
 136 William Gover, London 
 
 137 Chosen prior to sale 
 
 138 Dr. William Wyatt, Adelaide ... 
 
 139 William Gover, London 
 
 140 Thomas Dyke 
 
 141 John A. Smith 
 
 142 Robert Cock, Adelaide ... 
 
 Price. 
 
 £8 10 
 
 6 18 
 
 8 10 
 
 8 2 
 
 11 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 8 10 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 ... 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 . . 11 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 () 
 
 
 
 . 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 5 
 
 9 
 
 11 7 
 
 11 1
 
 4 "2 4 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. Price. 
 
 143 John Hallett, Glenelo- ... ... ... ... £8 16 
 
 144 Smythit Sladden, Adelaide ... ... ... 950 
 
 145 Thomas Youno- Cotter, Adelaide... ... ... 8 18 
 
 146 Dr. William Wyatt, Adelaide ... .. ...9 8 
 
 147 Pascoe St. Leg-er Grenfell 
 
 148 Hindmarsh-square 
 
 149 Do. 
 150 
 
 151 John Barton Hack, Adelaide ... ... ... 8 10 
 
 152 Do. ... ... ... 8 10 
 
 153 Do. ... ... ... 9 
 
 154 'j>o. ... ... ... 8 
 
 155 S. A. Company 
 
 156 W. G. Gover 
 
 157 William Gover, London ... ... ... 8 18 
 
 158 William Croxall, Adelaide ... ... ... 7 14 Oi 
 
 159 VVilliam Pierce, Adelaide ... ... ... 8 2 0| 
 
 160 0. Gilles, Adelaide ... . ... ... 7 7 0] 
 
 161 ^Nathaniel A, Knox 
 
 162 Hindmarsh-square 
 
 163 Do. 
 
 164 Pascoe St. Leg-er Grenfell 
 
 165 Dr. W. Wyatt, Adelaide ... ... ... 9 
 
 166 0. Gilles, Adelaide ... ... ... ... 8 2 
 
 167 Robert Cock, Adelaide ... ... ... 8 10 
 
 168 Do. 
 169 
 
 170 John Abel Smith 
 
 171 Elizabeth Warren 
 
 172 Do. ... ... ... ... 9 9 
 
 173 Dr. W. Wyatt, Adelaide ... ... ... 9 
 
 174 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide ... ... ... 8 16 
 
 175 0. Gilles, Adelaide ... ... ... ... 8 2 0; 
 
 176 Do. 7 7 
 
 177 Charles Curtis 
 
 178 Light-square 
 
 179 Do. 
 
 180 Samuel Dendy 
 
 181 S. Smith, Halifax ... ... ... ... 7 
 
 182 J. Simmonds, Kingscote, Kang-aroo Island ... 7 14 
 
 183 Wm. Finke, Adelaide ... ... ... ... 7 
 
 184 0. Gilles, Adelaide ... ... ... .. 8 10 
 
 185 Do. ... ... ... ... 8 2 
 
 186 Richard Street 
 
 187 John Wriffht
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 
 4!: 
 
 ^5 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 Price 
 
 
 188 John Wrig-ht 
 
 .. £8 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 189 Jonathan Crowther, Halifax 
 
 ... 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 190 John Hallett, Glenel^- ... 
 
 ... 6 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 191 0. Gilles, Adelaide ' ... 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 192 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 () 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 193 John Abbott, Halifax ... 
 
 ... 8 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 194 N. A. Knox 
 
 
 
 
 195 Thomas Hardy 
 
 
 
 
 196 W. H. Neale, Adelaide 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 197 Dr. Wrig-ht, Adelaide ... 
 
 ... 6 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 198 Do. 
 
 ... 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 199 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 ... 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 200 Robert Cock, Adelaide 
 
 ... 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 201 D. B. Major 
 
 
 
 
 202 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 203 Public Offices 
 
 
 
 
 204 John Brown 
 
 
 
 
 20.5 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 206 H. Gouger 
 
 
 
 
 207 His Excellency the Governor 
 
 ... 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 208 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 ... 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 209 C. E. Marchant, Halifax 
 
 ... 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 210 R. Blundell 
 
 
 
 
 211 G. Bishop 
 
 
 
 
 212 T. H. Beare 
 
 
 
 
 213 S.A. Company 
 
 ... 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 214 S.A. Company 
 
 215 Do. 
 
 216 Captain Lipson 
 
 217 S.A. Company 
 
 218 R. N. Burton 
 
 219 William Bruce 
 
 220 Thomas Mills 
 
 221 S. A. Company 
 
 222 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 223 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 224 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 225 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 226 
 
 227 
 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 
 Acre. 
 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 241 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Wright, 
 
 Adelaide 
 
 242 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 228 S. A. Company 
 
 229 R. Blundell 
 
 230 John Abel Smith 
 
 231 
 
 Do. 
 
 232 Elizabeth Fisher 
 
 233 
 
 Do. 
 
 234 Miss M. A. C. Freeman 
 
 235 Rowland Hill 
 
 236 Public Offices 
 
 237 Do. 
 
 238 S. A. Company and Edward 
 
 Jerningham 
 
 239 S. A. Company 
 
 240 Do. 
 
 Price. 
 
 £7 14 
 
 8 2
 
 426 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 243 W. H. Neale, Adelaide... 
 
 244 William Bruce 
 
 245 Rowland Hill 
 
 246 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 247 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 248 G. S. Kingston, Adelaide 
 
 249 John llallett, Glenelg 
 260 John White, Port Adelaide 
 251 James Coltman, Adelaide 
 262 John Wright 
 
 253 William Bruce 
 
 264 William J. Symonds 
 
 265 G. S. Kingston 
 256 Elizabeth Dyer 
 
 267 Clement Crisp, Adelaide 
 
 268 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 259 Do. 
 
 260 George Morphett and Robert Addison 
 
 261 W. G. Gover 
 
 262 Do. 
 
 263 T. & S. Wright, Adelaide 
 Acre. Purchaser. Acre. 
 
 264 
 
 265 Michael J. Blount 
 
 266 Samuel Stephens ' 
 
 267 S. G. Smith 
 
 268 Victoria-square 
 
 269 Do. 
 
 270 Edw. Jerningham 
 
 271 John Abel Smith 
 
 272 Do. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 282 Rev. C. B. Howard, Adelaide 
 
 283 Thomas Gilbert. Glenelg 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 284 Thomas Gilbert, Glenelg 
 
 285 John Wright 
 
 286 Do. 
 587 Do. 
 
 288 Do. 
 
 289 S. A. Company 
 
 290 Do. 
 
 291 Do. 
 
 292 Do. 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 273 S. A. Company 
 
 274 Do. 
 
 275 Do. 
 
 276 Do. 
 
 277 Henry Gouger 
 
 278 S.A. Company 
 279 
 
 280 S. A. Company 
 
 281 Do. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 335 Saml. Page 
 
 336 Victoria-square 
 
 337 Do. 
 
 338 S. Page 
 
 339 F. Boucher 
 
 340 John Grainger 
 
 341 John Morphett 
 
 342 Wm. Bennen 
 
 343 C. G. Everard 
 
 Price. 
 
 8 18 
 7 14
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 427 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 Acre. Purcha-ser. 
 
 293 S.A. Company 
 
 344 M. D. Hill 
 
 294 Do. 
 
 345 T. G. Darton 
 
 295 Do. 
 
 346 G. B. Strangwavs 
 
 296 Do. 
 
 347 Do. 
 
 297 Miss Beare 
 
 348 Do. 
 
 298 S. A. Company 
 
 349 S. A. Company 
 
 299 S. A. Company & F. Williams 
 
 350 Do. 
 
 300 S. A. Company 
 
 351 Do. 
 
 301 Do. 
 
 352 Do. 
 
 302 W. J. Symonds 
 
 353 John Hibbort 
 
 303 C. G. Everard 
 
 354 Do. 
 
 304 Victoria-square 
 
 355 Do. 
 
 306 Do. 
 
 356 John Wright 
 
 306 S. G. Smith 
 
 357 Do. 
 
 307 
 
 358 Edwd. Jerningham 
 
 308 Thos. Wilson 
 
 359 Do. 
 
 309 John Stewart 
 
 360 John Wright 
 
 310 G. Bishop 
 
 361 Do. 
 
 311 N. A. Knox 
 
 362 S. A. Company 
 
 312 Do. 
 
 363 Jas. Rudge 
 
 313 0. Smith 
 
 364 S. A. ( ;ompany 
 
 314 Wm. Wright 
 
 365 Do. 
 
 316 Do. 
 
 366 0. Gilles 
 
 316 C. W. Stenart 
 
 367 
 
 317 S. G. Smith 
 
 368 0. Smith 
 
 318 Do. 
 
 369 M. D. Hill 
 
 3:9 Do. 
 
 370 C. G. Everard & S. A. Co. 
 
 320 Thrs. Whistler 
 
 371 Thos. Wilson 
 
 321 John Lancrley 
 
 372 Do. 
 
 322 Rev. John Garden 
 
 373 John Stewart 
 
 323 T. Whistler 
 
 374 Francis Wilson 
 
 324 R. Blundell 
 
 375 Edward Jerningham 
 
 325 Col. N. Bagnold 
 
 376 Victoria-square 
 
 326 H. Huj^hlin^s 
 
 S77 Do. 
 
 327 Abr. Borrodaile 
 
 378 Trimmer & Grainger 
 
 328 F. Boucher 
 
 379 G. R. Smith 
 
 329 J as. Trenow 
 
 380 Do. 
 
 330 Saml. Dendy 
 
 381 Sir J. Malcolm 
 
 331 Rev J. R. btevenson 
 
 382 
 
 332 S. G. Smith 
 
 483 Thos. Gilbert 
 
 333 
 
 384 F. Boucher 
 
 334 John Wright 
 
 385 C. C. Lewis 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 Price. 
 
 386 Abraham Borradaile, London 
 
 £10 2 
 
 387 Robert Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 8 16 
 
 388 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 8 16
 
 428 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 389 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 390 Do. 
 
 391 Do. 
 
 392 Georg-e GrifFen 
 393 
 
 394 W. H. Gray, Adelaide ... 
 
 395 Samuel Stephens, King-scote, Kangaroo Island 
 
 396 Do. 
 
 397 S. Smith, Halifax 
 
 398 Robert Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 399 H. Emmett, Halifax ... 
 
 400 William Stuckey 
 401 
 
 Price. 
 
 £8 6 
 
 9 
 
 10 10 
 
 402 J. Sandford, London 
 
 ... 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 8 8 
 
 
 
 403 William Field, R.N., 
 
 Briff Rapid 
 
 8 18 
 
 
 
 404 William Leigh, Little Aston, Staffordshire 
 
 9 9 
 
 
 
 405 J. Sandford, London 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 
 
 9 5 
 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 
 406 John Wright and W. 
 
 407 S. A. Company 
 
 K,. Rayne 
 
 419 S. A. Company 
 
 420 Do. 
 
 
 
 408 Public Offices 
 
 
 421 Do. 
 
 
 
 409 Do. 
 
 
 422 Do. 
 
 
 
 410 S. A. Company 
 
 411 Edward Moore 
 
 
 423 Do. 
 
 424 Do. 
 
 
 
 412 Do. 
 
 
 425 Rev. Jno. Garden 
 
 
 
 413 Do. 
 
 
 426 
 
 
 
 414 Thomas Hardy 
 
 
 427 John Wright 
 
 
 
 415 Rev. J. R. Stevenson 
 
 
 428 John Hibbert 
 
 
 
 416 G. B. Strangways 
 
 417 Do. 
 
 
 429 Do. 
 
 430 0. Gilles 
 
 
 
 418 
 
 
 431 A. Borradaile 
 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 Price 
 
 
 432 Abraham Borradaile, 
 
 London 
 
 . • . •• • • ■ . 
 
 8 8 
 
 
 
 433 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 434 Do. 
 
 
 ... , ,. , , , 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 435 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 • « > ... ... 
 
 7 7 
 
 
 
 436 John Stewart 
 
 
 
 
 
 437 S. A. Company 
 
 438 S. A. Company 
 
 439 Do. 
 
 
 ... 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 440 Do. 
 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 441 Do. 
 
 
 ... .. ... 
 
 10 10 
 
 
 
 442 Do. 
 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 8 10 
 
 
 
 443 Do. 
 
 
 ••• 
 
 8 
 

 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 ] 
 
 Price 
 
 
 444 G. B. Str anyways 
 
 
 
 
 445 John Goug-er 
 
 
 
 
 446 Thomas Hardy 
 
 
 
 
 447 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 448 Samuel Chapman, Adelaide 
 
 ... £7 14 
 
 
 
 449 A. Barker, Brig- Rapid 
 
 ... 7 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 450 William Chatfield, Brig- Rapid ... 
 
 ... 8 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 451 John Brown 
 
 
 
 
 452 C. Jas. Heath 
 
 
 
 
 453 C. Jas. Heath 
 
 
 
 
 454 John Brown 
 
 
 
 
 455 John Brown, Adelaide ... 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 456 Do. 
 
 ... 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 457 William Finke, Adelaide 
 
 ... 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 458 Joseph Middleton, Adelaide 
 
 ... 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 459 Henry Emmett, Halifax 
 
 ... 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 460 R. W. Birch 
 
 
 
 
 461 John Stewart 
 
 
 
 
 462 J. T. Nichol, Halifax ... 
 
 ... 9 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 463 J. Cheg-win, H.M.S. Buffalo 
 
 ... 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 464 Samuel Stephens, King-scote, Kang-aroo Island 
 
 ... 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 465 Stephen Blunden, Adelaide 
 
 ... 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 466 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 467 Do. 
 
 ... 7 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 468 Do. 
 
 ... 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 469 Do. 
 
 ... 9 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 470 Do. 
 
 ... 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 471 Do. 
 
 ... 6 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 472 Do. 
 
 ... 6 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 473 William Field, R.N., Brig- Rapid 
 
 ... 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 474 Robert Bristow, Adelaide ... ... ' 
 
 ... 8 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 475 George Barnes 
 
 
 
 
 476 Whitmore-square 
 
 
 
 
 477 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 478 William Miller 
 
 
 
 
 479 George Middieton, Adelaide 
 
 ... 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 480 Philip Lee, Adelaide ... 
 
 ... 6 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 481 Harry Hughlings, Halifax 
 
 ... 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 482 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 ... 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 483 Do. 
 
 ... 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 484 Samuel Stephens 
 
 
 
 
 485 S. A. Company 
 
 
 
 
 486 William V. Brown, Adelaide 
 
 ... 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 487 Edward Surflin, Port Adelaide ... 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 488 Captain Freeman, Barque Tarn o'Shanter ... 
 
 7 
 
 
 

 
 430 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 489 Georo^e Friend, Adelaide 
 
 490 William Gover, London 
 
 491 Edward Enj^lish 
 
 492 Hurtle-square 
 
 493 Do. 
 
 494 G. B. Stranj^ways 
 
 495 S. A. Company 
 
 496 Do. 
 
 497 Do. 
 
 498 Do. 
 
 499 Do. 
 
 500 S. A. Company and William Townsend 
 
 501 Do. 
 
 502 J. H. Fisher ... 
 
 .503 Do. 
 
 504 Do. 
 
 505 Do. 
 
 506 J. H. Fisher and R. Street 
 
 507 J. H. Fisher and Ed. Trimmer 
 
 508 J. H. Fisher ... 
 
 .509 Do. 
 
 510 Do. 
 
 511 Do 
 
 512 S. A. Company 
 
 513 Do. 
 
 514 Do. 
 
 515 Do. 
 
 516 Do. 
 
 517 Do. 
 
 .518 Do. 
 
 519 0. Gillcs 
 
 520 llurtle-square 
 
 521 Do. 
 
 522 Francis Wilson 
 
 523 Rev. C. B. Howard, Adelaide ... 
 
 624 Wm. Leith, Little Aston, Staffordshire 
 
 625 Do. 
 
 526 Isaac Breaker, Adelaide 
 
 527 Robert Black, Adelaide 
 
 628 C. J. Pharazyn 
 
 529 F. Boucher 
 
 530 Robert Gouger, Adelaide 
 
 231 Wm. Field, ii.N., Brig Rapid ... 
 
 .^32 John Stuckey, Adelaide 
 
 533 C. G. Everard, Glenelg 
 
 Pric«. 
 
 6 6 
 6 6 
 
 6 6 
 
 5 10 
 
 6 6 
 6 6 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 6 18 
 
 6 6 
 
 7 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 6 6 
 6 18 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 12 
 
 8 8 
 8 
 6 12 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 • 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 o; 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 APPENDICES. 431 
 
 Acre. Pnrchaser. Price. 
 
 534 C. G. Everard, Glenelg ... ... ... 6 
 
 535 S. A. Company 
 
 536 Whitmore-square 
 
 537 Do. 
 
 538 Wm. Edmonds 
 
 539 William Pierce, Adelaide ... ... ... (5 6 
 
 540 Jonathan Crowther, Halifax ... ... ... 5 5 
 
 541 John White, Port Adelaide .. ... ... 5 5 
 
 542 0. Gilles ... ... .. ... 6 
 
 543 Do. ... ... ... ... 6 12 
 
 544 F. Harman ♦ 
 
 545 G. Barnes 
 
 546 Do. Adelaide ... ... ... ... 5 10 
 
 547 John Abbott, Halifax ... ... ... ... 5 5 
 
 548 William Lee, Little Aston, Staffordshire ... ... 5 10 
 
 549 Do. Do. Do. ... ... 5 10 
 
 550 Richard Log-an, Adelaide ... ... ... 5 10 
 
 551 Thos. Freeman 
 
 552 Whitmore-square 
 653 Do. 
 
 554 Robert Auld 
 
 555 C. G. P>erard, Glenelg ... ... ... 5 10 
 
 556 Do. Do. ... ... ... 5 15 
 
 557 John Stuckev, Adelaide ... ... ... 5 15 
 
 558 0. Gilles, Adelaide ... ... ... ... 6 
 
 559 Do. Do. ... ... ... ... 7 
 
 560 
 
 561 S. A. Company 
 
 562 Governor Hmdmarsh ... ... ... ... 5 10 
 
 563 J. Cheg-win, H.M.S. Buffalo ... ... ... 6 
 
 564 Governor Hindmarsh ... ... ... ... 6 5 
 
 565 0. B. Fisher, Adelaide... ... ... ... 5 5 
 
 506 Jonathan Crowther, Halifax ... ... ... 5 5 
 
 567 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 568 Hurtle-square 
 
 569 Do. 
 
 570 Thomas Whistler 
 
 571 Samuel Stephens^ Kingscote, Kangaroo Island 
 Do. 
 
 572 
 
 
 
 573 S. 
 
 A, 
 
 , Company 
 
 574 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 575 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 576 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 577 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 Q 
 
 578 John Barton Hack, Adelaide ... ... 5 5
 
 432 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 579 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 580 Do. 
 
 581 Do. 
 
 582 John Morphett, Adelaide 
 
 583 G. Morphett and R. Addison 
 
 584 John Bright 
 4S5 James Chambers, Adelaide 
 
 586 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 587 Do. 
 
 588 Do. 
 
 589 Do. 
 
 590 S. A. Company 
 
 591 Do. 
 
 592 Do. 
 
 593 Do. 
 
 594 Colonel Light, Adelaide 
 
 595 Do. 
 .596 Do. 
 .597 Do. 
 
 598 John Stewart 
 
 599 N. A. Knox 
 
 600 Governor Hindmarsh ... 
 
 601 Do. 
 
 602 Benjamin Wickham, Glenelg- 
 
 603 Wm. Field, E,N., Brig Rapid 
 
 604 Soloman Welman, Adelaide 
 
 605 John Morphett, Adelaide 
 
 606 Rev. John Garden, J. Mo^-phett and J. Rudg-e 
 
 607 Joseph Davis 
 
 608 John Finch, Adelaide 
 
 609 Benjamin Wickham, Glenelg 
 
 610 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 611 Giles Abbott, Adelaide 
 
 612 John Morphett, Adelaide 
 
 613 Do. 
 
 614 Rev. J. Garden 
 
 615 0. Smith 
 
 616 H. Emmett, Halifax 
 
 617 Isaac Emery, Adelaide 
 
 618 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 619 Captain Linning-ton, Ship, John Ran wick 
 
 620 Do. 
 
 621 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 022 John White, Port Adelaide 
 623 Isaac Emery, Adelaide 
 
 Price 
 
 
 £5 5 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 7 12 
 
 
 
 7 14 
 
 
 
 6 18 
 
 
 
 7 11 
 
 
 
 7 4 
 
 
 
 7 19 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 6 15 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 6 
 
 
 
 4 15 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 7 7 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 

 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 433 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 624 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 625 Do. 
 
 626 Colonel Lio-ht, Adelaide 
 
 627 Do. 
 
 628 B. T. Finniss, Adelaide 
 
 629 Thomas Gilbert, Glenelg- 
 
 630 John Morphett, Adelaide 
 
 631 Do. 
 
 632 James Jackson, H.M.S. Buffalo ... 
 
 633 Do. 
 
 634 Colonel Lig-ht, Adelaide 
 
 635 Y. B. Hutchinson, Adelaide 
 
 636 Eobert Gouger, Adelaide 
 
 637 Do. 
 
 638 S. A. Company 
 
 639 Do. 
 
 640 James Fairlie, London ... 
 
 641 M. D. Hill, London ... 
 
 642 John Brown, Adelaide ... 
 
 643 Colonel Light, Adelaide 
 
 644 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 645 Do. 
 646 
 
 647 
 
 648 Warwick Langiey, Adelaide 
 
 649 Do. 
 
 650 Colonel Lig-ht, Adelaide 
 
 651 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 652 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 653 Do. 
 
 654 Do. 
 
 655 J. B. Hack and S. A. Company 
 
 656 Do. Adelaide 
 
 657 Do. Do, 
 
 658 ■ Do. Do. 
 
 659 Do. Do. 
 
 660 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 661 John Bright 
 
 662 N. A. Knox 
 
 663 Do. Adelaide ... 
 
 664 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 665 Do. 
 
 666 Do. 
 
 667 Do. 
 
 668 J. B. Hack and F. Boucher 
 
 CC 
 
 Price. 
 
 £5 12 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 4 15 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 4 16 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 4 16 
 
 
 
 5 6 
 
 
 
 4 18 
 
 
 
 5' 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 
 
 5 5 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 6 18 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 

 
 434 APPENDICES. 
 
 £6 18 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. Price 
 
 669 J. B. Hack and S. A. Company 
 
 670 Do. 
 
 671 William Williams, Adelaide 
 
 672 John Hallett, Glenelg- ... 
 
 673 Do. 
 
 674 Do. 
 676 Alfred Hardy, Adelaide 
 
 676 Edward Chance 
 
 677 R. W. Eobinson, jun. 
 
 678 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 679 Do. 
 
 680 William Gover, London ... 
 
 681 Robert Gouger, Adelaide 
 
 682 M. D. Hill 
 
 683 James Fairlie 
 
 684 N. A. Knox 
 686 Anthony Jackson 
 
 686 G. R. Smith 
 
 687 Do. Adelaide ... 
 
 688 Do. Do. 
 
 689 William Black, Adelaide 
 
 690 Rev. C. B. Howard, Adelaide ... 
 
 691 Benjamin Wickham, Glenelg 
 
 692 0. Gilles 
 
 693 Dr. William Wyatt, Adelaide ... 
 
 694 Do. 
 696 John Chapman, Adelaide 
 
 696 Rev. C. B. Howard, Adelaide ... 
 
 697 John Tevelin, Adelaide 
 
 698 Edward Stephens, Adelaide 
 
 699 Do. 
 
 700 Thomas Wilson 
 
 701 Henry Gouger and William Bennett 
 
 702 T. G. Darton 
 
 703 Giles Abbott, sen., Adelaide 
 
 704 George Brown, Adelaide 
 706 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 706 Basil Sladden, Adelaide 
 
 707 Jane Botting 
 
 708 John Hallett 
 
 709 W. R. Payne 
 
 710 Robert Cock, Adelaide 
 
 711 George Roberts, Adelaide 
 
 712 John Tevelin, Adelaide 
 
 713 Do. 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 

 
 APPENDICES. 435 
 
 714 Robert Cock, Adelaide 
 
 715 Do. 
 
 716 R. Blnndell 
 
 717 John Grainger 
 
 718 James Chittleborouoh^ Adelaide ... 
 
 719 Samuel Chapman, Adelaide 
 
 720 Giles Abbott, jun., Adelaide 
 
 721 Isaac Emery, Adelaide 
 
 722 W. H. Gray, Adelaide 
 
 723 John Crowther, Halifax 
 
 724 John Morphett 
 
 725 George Barnes 
 
 726 Colonel Liaht, Adelaide 
 
 727 W. H. Gray, Adelaide 
 
 728 Colonel Lig-ht, Adelaide 
 
 729 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 
 730 His Excellency the Governor 
 
 731 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 732 Do. 
 
 733 John Brown 
 
 734 Do. Adelaide ... 
 
 735 John Abbott, Halifax ... 
 
 736 Captain Berkeley, Halifax 
 
 737 Do. 
 
 738 William Williams, Halifax 
 
 739 Rev. Jno. Garden 
 
 740 William Field, R.N., Brig- Rapid 
 
 741 W. H. Gray, Adelaide 
 
 742 
 
 743 Geo. Curtis 
 
 744 S. A. Company ... ... ... ... 8 8 
 
 745 Francis Wilson 
 
 746 James Chittleboroug-h, Adelaide ... ... ... 8 
 
 747 John Woodford, Adelaide ... ... ... 510 
 
 748 S. F. Bennett 
 749 
 
 750 Giles Abbott, jun., Adelaide ... ... ... 6 6 
 
 751 Samuel Chapman, Adelaide ... ... ... 5 16 
 
 752 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide ... ... ... 550 
 
 753 S. A. Company ... ... . . ... 6 5 
 
 754 Do. ... ... :.. ... 5 5 
 
 755 Do. ... 5 5 
 
 756 John Morphett 
 
 757 0. Gilles 
 
 758 John Tevelin, Adelaide ... ... ... 650 
 
 759 Isaac Emery, Adelaide ... ... ... 510 
 
 £6 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 

 
 436 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. 
 
 Pm-chaser. 
 
 760 Colonel Lig-ht, Adelaide 
 
 761 J. Chegwin, H.M.S. Buffalo 
 
 762 S. A. Company 
 
 763 Robert Cock, Adelaide 
 
 764 His Excellency the Governor 
 
 765 Colonel Light, Adelaide 
 
 766 Cornelius IBirdseye, Adelaide 
 
 767 G. 0. Ormsby, Adelaide 
 
 768 S. A. Company 
 
 769 Do. 
 
 770 His Excellency the Governor 
 
 771 John Morphett 
 
 772 Henry Emmett, Halifax 
 
 773 William Coxall, Adelaide 
 
 774 Captain Freeman, Barque Tarn o'Shanter 
 
 Acre. 
 
 775 
 
 776 
 777 
 778 
 
 Price. 
 
 £5 
 
 5 5 
 
 5 5 
 
 5 15 
 
 5 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 12 
 5 5 
 
 4 15 
 
 5 
 
 4 18 
 
 5 5 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Governor Hindmarsh 
 Thomas Young- Cotter 
 
 779 John Brown 
 
 780 Do. 
 
 781 S. A. Company 
 
 782 Captain Berkeley 
 
 783 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 784 Do. 
 
 and 
 
 Acre. 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 785 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 786 Do. 
 
 787 Wm. Field, R.N. 
 
 788 T. Y. Cotter 
 
 789 0. Gilles 
 
 790 Do. 
 
 791 Do. 
 
 792 D. B. Major 
 
 793 Thos. Morris 
 
 794 Captain Freeman 
 
 Acre. 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 796 Governor Hindmarsh ... 
 
 796 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 797 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 798 Henry Hewitt, Adelaide 
 
 799 S. A. Company 
 
 800 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 801 Henry Osborne, Adelaide 
 
 802 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 803 S. A. Company 
 
 804 George Curtis 
 
 805 Y. B. Hutchinson, Adelaide 
 
 806 Edward Stephens, Adelaide 
 
 807 Do. 
 
 808 Do. 
 
 809 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 810 Do. 
 
 Price. 
 
 £5 10 
 
 3 18 
 
 4 3 
 4 16 
 4 10 
 3 16 
 3 5 
 
 3 
 
 4 4 
 
 3. 13 
 
 3 6 
 
 3 3 
 
 3 16 
 
 4 4 
 3
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 437 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 811 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 812 Do. 
 
 813 Dr. Wrig-ht, Adelaide 
 
 814 Welling-ton-square 
 
 815 Do. 
 
 816 Dr. Wrig-ht, Adelaide ... 
 
 817 Samuel Stephens, King-scote, Kangaroo Island 
 
 818 Do. Do. 
 
 819 0. Gilles, Adelaide • 
 
 820 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 821 Samuel Stephens, Kingscote, Kangaroo Island 
 
 822 Do. 
 
 823 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 824 James Chambers, Adelaide 
 
 825 His Excellency the Governor 
 
 826 S. A. Company 
 
 827 Do. 
 
 828 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 829 James Chambers, Adelaide 
 
 830 Captain Berkeley, Adelaide 
 
 831 Samuel Stephens, King-scote, Kang-aroo Island 
 S32 ■ Do. 
 
 833 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 834 Do. 
 836 Do. 
 
 836 Do. 
 
 837 Do. 
 
 838 Wellington-square. 
 
 839 Do. 
 
 840 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 841 Do. 
 
 842 Do. 
 
 843 Do. 
 
 844 Do. 
 
 845 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 846 Do. 
 
 847 Do. 
 
 848 Do. 
 
 849 G. Morphett and R. Addison 
 
 850 Captain Freeman, Barque Tam O'Shanter 
 
 851 C. W. Stewart, Glenelg 
 
 852 Do. 
 
 853 John White, Port Adelaide 
 864 Do. 
 
 855 John Brown^ Adelaide 
 
 Price 
 
 
 . £3 6 
 
 
 
 . 3 3 
 
 
 
 . 6 6 
 
 
 
 . 6 6 
 
 
 
 . 3 3 
 
 
 
 . 3 3 
 
 
 
 . 3 
 
 
 
 . 4 4 
 
 
 
 . 3 3 
 
 
 
 . 2 18 
 
 
 
 . 2 10 
 
 
 
 . 2 4 
 
 
 
 . 2 18 
 
 
 
 . 4 4 
 
 
 
 . 3 15 
 
 
 
 . 3 6 
 
 
 
 . 5 3 
 
 
 
 . 4 12 
 
 u 
 
 . 2 2 
 
 
 
 . 3 
 
 
 
 . 3 3 
 
 
 
 . 2 10 
 
 
 
 . 2 14 
 
 
 
 . 3 6 
 
 
 
 . 4 12 
 
 
 
 . 4 16 
 
 
 
 . 3 9 
 
 
 
 . 3 9 
 
 
 
 . 2 2 
 
 
 
 . 4 2 
 
 
 
 . 3 18 
 
 
 
 . 2 10 
 
 
 
 . 2 17 
 
 
 
 . 4 2 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 15 
 
 
 
 4 16 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 

 
 438 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 856 John Brown, Adelaide 
 
 857 W. M. Higgins 
 
 858 Wellington-square 
 959 Do. 
 
 860 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 861 Do. 
 
 862 Do. 
 
 863 Do. 
 
 864 Do. 
 
 865 S. A. Company 
 
 866 Do. 
 
 867 Do. 
 
 868 Do. 
 
 869 Do. 
 
 870 Do. 
 
 871 Do. 
 
 872 Eobert Horsall 
 
 873 S. A. Company 
 
 874 Robert Horsall, Adelaide 
 
 875 S. A. Company 
 
 876 Do. 
 
 877 Do. 
 
 878 Daniel Simpson, Adelaide 
 
 879 Do. 
 
 880 Do. 
 
 881 S. A. Company 
 
 882 Samuel Dendy 
 
 883 John Morphett 
 
 884 Daniel Simpson, Adelaide 
 
 885 John Brown, Adelaide 
 
 886 Do. 
 
 887 Daniel Simpson, Adelaide 
 
 888 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 889 C. W. Stewart, Glenelg 
 
 890 Do. 
 
 891 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 
 892 Sir J. Malcolm 
 
 893 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 894 Do. 
 
 895 Henry Hewitt, Adelaide 
 
 896 S. A. Company 
 
 897 Robert Thomas, Adelaide 
 
 898 S. A. Company 
 
 899 Captain Freeman, Barque Tarn O'Shanter 
 
 900 John Woodford, Adelaide 
 
 Price 
 
 
 £3 9 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 
 
 4 8 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 u 
 
 4 4 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 5 10 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 12 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 
 
 4 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 u 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 4 4 
 
 
 
 4 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 4 8 
 
 
 
 3 13 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 16 
 
 u 
 
 4 14 
 
 
 
 3 13 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 
 
 4 16 
 
 
 
 4 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 

 
 APPENDICES. 439 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. Price. 
 
 901 Samuel Stephens, Kingscote, Kangaroo Island 
 
 902 Do. 
 
 903 Do. 
 
 904 Captain Wright, Adelaide 
 
 905 Do. 
 
 906 Do. 
 
 907 S. A. Company 
 
 908 Do. 
 
 909 Do. 
 
 910 Do. 
 
 911 Do. 
 
 912 Do. 
 
 913 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 914 Do. 
 
 915 Do. 
 
 916 Do. 
 
 917 Do. 
 
 918 Do. 
 
 919 Captain Wright 
 
 920 Do. 
 
 921 Do. ^ 
 
 922 Samuel Stephens, Kingscote, Kangaroo Island 
 
 923 Do. 
 
 924 Do. 
 
 925 Daniel Simpson, Adelaide 
 
 926 South Australian Company. 
 
 927 Do. 
 
 928 George East, Adelaide 
 
 929 Robert Bristow, Adelaide 
 
 930 Do. 
 
 931 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 932 Do. 
 
 933 George East, Adelaide 
 
 934 0. Gilles, Adelaide 
 
 935 Giles Abbott, jun., Adelaide 
 
 936 Do. 
 
 937 W. V. Brown, Adelaide 
 
 938 S. A. Company 
 
 939 Do. 
 
 940 W. H. Gray, Adelaide 
 
 941 S. A. Company 
 
 942 Philip Lee, Adelaide ... 
 
 943 S. A. Company 
 
 944 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 945 Do. 
 
 £5 
 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 
 
 4 15 
 
 
 
 3 ]2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 15 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 15 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 4 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 
 
 4 6 
 
 
 
 4 14 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 
 
 3 10 
 
 
 
 3 15 
 
 
 
 4 12 
 
 
 
 4 9 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 15 
 
 
 
 4 3 
 

 
 440 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Acre, 
 
 946 
 947 
 948 
 949 
 950 
 951 
 952 
 963 
 954 
 955 
 956 
 
 Acre. 
 
 957 
 958 
 969 
 960 
 965 
 966 
 967 
 968 
 
 Acre. 
 
 969 
 
 970 
 
 971 
 
 975 
 
 976 
 
 977 
 
 978 
 
 979 
 
 980 
 
 981 
 
 982 
 
 983 
 
 984 
 
 985 
 
 986 
 
 987 
 
 989 
 990 
 991 
 992 
 993 
 994 
 995 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 
 Price 
 
 
 John White, Port Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 £3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 W. H. Gray, Adelaide .. 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 B. T. Finniss, Adelaide 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 S. A. Company 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 .. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 4 10 
 
 
 
 John Hallett, Glenelg ... 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 S. A. Company 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 C. G. Everard, Glenelg 
 
 .... ... ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Harry Hug-hlino-s, Halifax 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 
 
 Rev. J. Garden 
 
 961 S. A. Company 
 
 
 
 
 S. A. Company 
 
 962 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 963 0. Smith 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 964 Governor Hindmarsh 
 
 
 
 Robert Cock, Adelaide ... 
 
 ... 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 Y. B. Hutchinson, Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Stephen Paris, Adelaide 
 
 -. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 
 
 John Wright 
 
 972 Henry Gouger 
 
 
 
 
 Trimmer and Grainger 
 
 973 William Miller 
 
 
 
 
 R. Blundell 
 
 974 John Morphett 
 
 
 
 
 R. N. Burton 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Morphett 
 
 ... 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 0. Gilles 
 
 
 
 
 
 James B. Bevington 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Rig'g, iun. 
 
 
 
 
 
 0. Gilles ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 ... 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 James Adams, Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Stephen Paris, Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 William Jacob, Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Jno. Abel Smith 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Wright 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Barton Hack, Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Robert Cock, Adelaide ... 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 ... 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Governor Hindmarsh ... 
 
 ... ... ... 
 
 4 12 
 
 
 
 William Jacob, Adelaide 
 
 ... 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Do. 
 
 ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 

 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 441 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 ] 
 
 'rice 
 
 
 996 John Cannan, Adelaide 
 
 . £4 10 
 
 
 
 997 Samuel Stephens, Kina-scote, Kangaroo Island 
 
 . 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 998 Do. 
 
 . 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 999 Do. 
 
 . 4 12 
 
 
 
 1000 Do. 
 
 . 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1001 C. B. Fisher, Adelaide 
 
 . 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1002 Thomas Nicholson, Adelaide 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 1003 Captain Freeman, Barque Tarn O'Shanter 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1004 John Barton Hack, Adelaide ... • ... 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1005 Do. ... 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1006 Do. 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1007 Do. 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1008 Do. 
 
 . 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1009 Do. 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 1010 J. B. Hack and Thomas Wilson 
 
 
 
 
 1011 N.A.Knox 
 
 
 
 
 1012 John Barton Hack, Adelaide ... 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1013 Do. ... 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1014 Do. 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1015 Do. 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 1016 Do. 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1017 Do. 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 1018 Do. 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 1019 William Jacob, Adelaide 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 1020 James Jackson, H.M.S. Buffalo 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 1021 Samuel Stephens, Kingscote, Kano'aroo Island 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 1022 Do. 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1023 Do. 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 1024 Do. 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1025 John Cannan, Adelaide 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1026 Alfred Hardy, Adelaide 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 1027 G. S. Kingston, Adelaide 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 1028 Charles Mann, Adelaide 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 1029 John Brown, Adelaide 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 1030 Thomas Gilbert, Adelaide 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 1031 Do. 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 Acre, Purchaser. 
 
 Acre. Purchaser. 
 
 
 
 
 1032 
 
 1038 
 
 
 
 
 1033 
 
 1039 
 
 
 
 
 1034 
 
 1040 John Morphett 
 
 
 
 
 1035 
 
 1041 
 
 
 
 
 1036 
 
 1042 Osmond Gilles 
 
 
 
 
 1037 
 
 

 
 442 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Appendix G, 
 
 Plan of Victoria Square from the Map of Adelaide deposited in 
 the Surveyor-General's Office, showing- the position of the Cathedral 
 Acre. (See page 123.^ 
 
 
 
 202 
 
 Corporation--' 
 '■- Acre. 
 
 239 
 
 238 
 
 Public 
 
 237 
 
 Offices. 
 
 .3 
 
 203 
 
 
 
 Public 
 
 236 
 
 Offices. 
 
 235 
 
 234 
 
 Franklin Street. 
 
 Flinders Street. 
 
 266 
 
 267 
 
 307 
 
 306 
 
 Grote Street. 
 
 S Wakefield Street. 
 
 334 
 
 335 
 
 370 
 
 378 
 
 Gouger Street, 
 
 338 
 
 339 
 
 375 
 
 374 
 
 Angas Street. 
 
 406 
 
 407 
 
 Public 
 
 408 
 
 Offices. 
 
 
 Public 
 
 409 
 
 Offices, 
 
 410 
 
 411 
 
 
 
 453 
 
 452 
 

 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 443 
 
 Appendix H. 
 
 Population of the Province of South Australia and of the City of 
 Adelaide since 1836 : — 
 
 Year. 
 
 Population of South 
 
 Australia. 
 
 Adelaide. 
 
 1836 
 
 941 
 
 941 
 
 1837 
 
 2,220 
 
 1,700 
 
 1838 
 
 6,374 
 
 4,000 
 
 1840 
 
 14,630 
 
 8,480 
 
 1844 
 
 17,366 
 
 6,107 
 
 1846 
 
 22,390 
 
 7,413 
 
 1860 
 
 63,700 
 
 14,577 
 
 1855 
 
 85,821 
 
 18,259 
 
 1861 
 
 126,830 
 
 18,303 
 
 1866 
 
 163,452 
 
 23,229 
 
 1871 
 
 185,626 
 
 27,208 
 
 1876 
 
 225,477 
 
 31,573 
 
 1877 
 
 237,481 
 
 31,573* 
 
 * This number was taken from the census of March, 1876. 
 at this time is considerably greater. 
 
 March 31, 1878. 
 
 The population 
 
 Appendix I. 
 
 The following statement shows the value of assessments on City 
 properties from 1862 to 1877 inclusive : — 
 
 1852 
 1853 
 1854 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 1859 
 1860 
 1861 
 1862 
 1863 
 1864 
 
 Total Annual 
 Value. 
 
 £136,800 
 112,100 
 130,684 
 148,504 
 160,598 
 189,514 
 182,682 
 193,636 
 165,824 
 162,777 
 148,651 
 160,727 
 160,916 
 
 1865 .. 
 
 
 
 1866 .. 
 
 
 
 1867 .. 
 
 
 
 1868 .. 
 
 
 
 1869 .. 
 
 
 
 1870 .. 
 
 
 
 1871 .. 
 
 
 
 1872 .. 
 
 
 
 1873 .. 
 
 
 
 1874 .. 
 
 
 
 1875 .. 
 
 
 
 1876 .. 
 
 , 
 
 
 1877 .. 
 
 . 
 
 
 Total Annual 
 Value. 
 
 £166,186 
 171,238 
 181,388 
 185,494 
 201,511 
 209,717 
 212,841 
 209,245 
 212,248 
 216,991 
 225,086 
 239,355 
 263,632
 
 444 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Appendix J. 
 
 The following- is a list of the Mayors, Aldermen, Councillors, 
 Commissioners, and Town Clerks, from the first creation of a Corporate 
 body for the City to the present time : — 
 
 1840 to 1841. 
 Mayors. 
 J. H. Fisher. 
 
 J. H. Fisher. 
 
 Mayors. 
 T. Wilson. 
 
 1840 to 1841. 
 
 Aldermen. 
 
 J. H. Fisher, A. H. 
 Davis, M. Smillie, 
 G. Stevenson. 
 
 1841 to 1842. 
 
 G. Stevenson, T. 
 Wilson, W. Pea- 
 cock, J. H. Fisher. 
 
 1840 to 1841. 
 CounciUors. 
 N. Hailes, John Brown, C. 
 Mann, J. Hallett, W. Blyth, 
 W. G. Lambert, H. Watson, 
 T. Wilson, E. Eowlands, E. 
 W. Andrews, J. Frew, W. 
 H. Neale, S. East, W. 
 Sanders, J. Y. Wakeham. 
 
 N, Hailes, I. Nonmus, H, 
 Mildred, E. Davy, K. F. 
 Maco-eorg-e, J, Nowland, J. 
 Y. Wakeham, J. Norman, 
 W. H. Burford, C. Birdseye, 
 W. Paxton, A. Birrell, A. 
 Murray, A. Macdougall, W, 
 G. Lambert. 
 
 1842 to September 1843. 
 Aldermen. 
 
 Councillors. 
 
 T. Wilson, Georg-e 
 Morphett, W. Pea- 
 cock, Ed. Trimmer. 
 
 A. L. Elder, J. Brown, C. 
 Mann, W. W. Hughes, H. 
 Mildred, A. Birrell, J. Now- 
 land, J. F. Duff, R. E. 
 Borrow, J. Baker, R. F. 
 Macgeorge, H. W. Phillips, 
 W. G. Lambert, Jacob 
 Hagen. 
 
 1840 to 1843. 
 Town Clerk, D. Spence. 
 
 1849 to 1852. 
 City Commissioners. Clerk to the City Commissioners. 
 
 Captain A. H. Freeling, R.E. ; S. E. S. Webber. 
 
 Davenport, F. S. Dutton, W. 
 Blyth, R. F. Newland, W. Wyatt.
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 44 
 
 Mayors. 
 J. H. Fisher. 
 
 J. H. Fisher. 
 
 1852. 
 Aldermen. 
 
 Councillors. 
 
 P. Sherwin, W. H. C. Beevor, F. Haire, J. 
 
 Paxton, P. Cum- Slatter, J. Breaker, D. 
 
 mino-, J. M. Solo- Fisher, F. H. Fauldino-, E. 
 
 mon. Lawson, E, B. W. Gland- 
 
 field, S, Stocks, R. A. Five- 
 ash, C. G. E. Platts, J. H. 
 Fisher. 
 
 1852-3. 
 J. Hall, J. M. Solo- H. C. Beevor, J. H. Fisher, 
 mon, W. Paxton, E. B. W. Glandfield, F. 
 P. Sherwin. Haire, E. Lawson, A. Hay, 
 
 C. G. E. Platts, J. G. Witt, 
 G. Young-, R. A. Fiveash, 
 
 D. Fisher, J. Slatter. 
 
 1853-4. 
 
 J. H. Fisher. J. Hall, J. M. Solo- D. Fisher, L. Egan, R. A. 
 
 mon, W. Paxton, Fiveash, F. Haire, E. B. W. 
 P. Sherwin, T.Rey- Glandfield, A. Hay, E. 
 nolds, J. Lazar, J. Lawson, C. G. E. Platts, J. 
 Waterman. G. Witt, G. Young-, J. H. 
 
 Fisher, T, Y. Cotter, T. 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 .J. Hall. 
 
 1854-5. 
 
 J. H. Richman, J. Stewart, W. J. Cox, J. 
 J. Hall, E. B. Harman, J. Martin, J. M. 
 W. Glandfield, J. Linklater, A. Hay, L, Egan, 
 Lazar. W. Field, E. Lawson, T. 
 
 Futcher, J. G. Witt, C. G. E. 
 
 Platts. 
 
 J. Lazar. 
 
 1855-G 
 
 E.B.W. Glandfield, W. J. Cox, T. Futcher, L. 
 J. Lazar, J. Hall, Egan, J, Harman, W. A. 
 J. H. Richman. Hughes, E. Lawson, J, M. 
 
 Linklater, J. Martin, T, 
 
 Powell, J. Stewart, F. W. 
 
 Thomas, J. G. Witt, S. 
 
 Mason, P. Cumming, H. D. 
 
 Hilton, R. Hall, W. Baldwin.
 
 446 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 Mayor. 
 J. Lazar. 
 
 J. Lazar. 
 
 T. W. Sabben.* 
 E. W. Wright.t 
 
 1856-7. 
 Aldermen. 
 
 J. H. Ricbman, 
 J. Hall, E. B. 
 W. Glandfield, W. 
 Elliott, H . Higgin- 
 son,H. W.Peryman, 
 
 1857-8. 
 
 W. Elliott, E. W. 
 Wrig-ht, E. B. 
 W. Glandfield, J. 
 Lazar. 
 
 1858-9. 
 
 J. Lazar, E. W. 
 Wrig-ht, E. B. W. 
 Glandfield, W. El- 
 liott. 
 
 1859-60. 
 
 Councillors. 
 
 J. Kellett, W. J. Cox, J. G. 
 Witt, F. W. Tbomas, W. 
 Baldwin, J. Martin, S.Goode, 
 T. W. Sabben, J. W. Hugall, 
 W. Osborne, J. Williams, 
 H. D. Hilton, J. Clark. 
 
 J. Williams, W. Osborne, 
 J. Wyatt, R. Birrell, T. W. 
 Sabben, S. Goode, W. Bald- 
 win, F. W. Thomas, H. D. 
 Hilton, J. W. Hugall, J. 
 Clark, W. J. Cox. 
 
 R. Cottrell, F. W. Thomas, 
 J. Williams, W. Osborne, 
 W. Baldwin, R. 0. Fox, R. 
 Birrell, W. J. Cox, G. 
 Parnell, A. H. Gouge, W. 
 Hubble, .J. W. Hugall. 
 
 E.B.W.Glandfield. J. Colton, W. J. R. Cottrell, R. Birrell, F. 
 
 Cox, G. P. Harris, W. Thomas, J. Williams, J. 
 
 E.B.W.Glandfield. Clark, J. Horwood, J. 
 Kitely, W. H. Campbell, 0. 
 Rankine, G. Parnell, W, 
 Osborne, R. 0. Fox. 
 
 E.B.W.Glandfield. 
 
 1860-61. 
 
 J. Colton, W. J. R. Cottrell, F. W. Thomas, 
 
 Cox, J. Williams, H. L. Vosz, G. Parnell, H. 
 
 E.B.W.Glandfield. Brice, J. Clark, 0. Rankine, 
 
 J. Kitely, W. H. Campbell, 
 
 R. 0. Fox, W. Osborne, S. 
 
 Carvosso. 
 
 The Municipal Corporations Act 16 of 1861 came into operation 
 on 1st December, by which the office of Alderman was abolished. 
 
 * Vacated office .January, 1859. 
 
 t Elected to fill the office vacated by Mr. Sabben.
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 447 
 
 Mayors. 
 
 E. B. W. Glandfield.* 
 Thomas Enslish.t 
 
 'J'homas English. 
 
 Samuel Goode, 
 
 William Townsend. 
 
 William Townsend. 
 
 H. R. Fuller. 
 
 H. R. Fuller. 
 
 H. R. Fuller. 
 
 J. M. Solomon. 
 
 1861-2. 
 
 Councillors. 
 
 0. Rankine, S. Carvosso, H. L. Vosz, H. 
 Brice, T. Eno-lish, J. Colton, F. H. Faulding, 
 S. Goode, R. Hall. 
 
 1862-3. 
 S. Goode, W. Bundey, H. Brice, J. C. Verco, 
 0. Rankin, J. Colton, A. J. Baker, F. H. 
 Faulding. 
 
 1863-4. 
 A. J. Baker, R. I. Winter, F. B. Carlin, 
 R. G. Bowen, A. S. Clark, W. Bundey, 
 W. K. Thomas, W. C. Buik. 
 
 1864-5. 
 W. C. Buik, R. I. Winter, W. Bundey, 
 A. S. Clark, L. Murphy, W. K. Thomas, 
 0. Rankin, F. B. Carlin. 
 
 1865-6. 
 F. B. Carlin, J. Pulsford, W. Bundey, R. I. 
 Winter, 0. Rankin, S. Raphael, L. Murphy, 
 H. Hill. 
 
 1866-7. 
 W. Bundey, J. Pulsford, A. H. F. Bartels, 
 J. Wright, R. I. Winter, S. Raphael, L. 
 Murphy, H. Hill. 
 
 1867-8. 
 J. Pulsford, A. H. F. Bartels, J. Wright, 
 R. I. Winter, H. Hill, W. K. Simms, W. 
 Bundey, S. Raphael. 
 
 1868-9. 
 A. H. F. Bartels, D. Garlick, R. I. Winter, 
 J. Wright, C. E. Tidemann, S. Raphael, H. 
 Hill, J. Pulsford. 
 
 1869-70. 
 A. H. F. Bartels, W. D. Allott, D. Garlick, 
 W. King, J. Wright, F. Spicer, C. E. Tide- 
 mann, S. Raphael. 
 
 * Vacated office AprU, 1862. 
 
 t Elected to fill the office vacated by Mr. Glaudlield.
 
 448 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 1870-71. 
 
 Mayor. 
 J. M. Solomon. 
 
 Councillors. 
 
 A. H. F. Bartels. 
 
 A. H. F. Bartels. 
 
 W. D. Allott. 
 
 W. D. Allott, F. G. Hince, M. H. Madge, 
 R. 0. Fox, J. S. Bagshaw, W. King, A. S. 
 Devenish, W. A. Cawthorne. 
 
 1871-2. 
 F. G. Hince, W. D. Allott, A. S. Devenish, 
 J. Wright, M. H. Madge, W. A. Cawthorne, 
 J. S. Bagshaw, E. S. Wigg. 
 
 1872-3. 
 W. D. Allott, J. M. Stacy, M. H. Madge, J. 
 Wright, E. S. Wigg, J. S. Bagshaw, W. A. 
 Cawthorne, A. S. Devenish. 
 
 1873-4. 
 J. S. Bagshaw, T. Johnson, J. M. Stacy, M. 
 Goode, A. S. Devenish, E. S. Wigg, J. 
 Wright, M. H. Madge. 
 
 1874-5.* 
 J. M. Stacy, M. Goode, G. Downs, J. Basehy, 
 A. H. Bohra, A. McKenzie, D. Macnamara, 
 W. Holland, J. Wright, F. Hagedorn, T. 
 Johnson, M. H. Madge. 
 
 1875-6. 
 J. M. Stacy, R. Peel, J. Baseby, G. Downs, 
 A. McKenzie, J. F. Conigrave, W. Holland, 
 D. Macnamara, (/. Banbury, M. H. Madge, 
 W. Letchford,t W. Bickford,t F. Hagedorn. 
 
 1876-7. 
 R. Peel, H. R. Fuller, G. Downs, L. B. 
 Mathews, J. F. Conigrave, E. S. Wigg, W. 
 Holland, D. Macnamara, M. H. Madge, C. 
 Banbury, F. Hagedorn, W. Bickford. 
 
 The present Council (1877-8) consists of — 
 
 Henry Scott. H. R. Fuller, W. Jones, L. B. Mathews, W. 
 
 Gilbert, E. S. Wigg, W. King, jun., S. Allen, 
 W. Holland, S. Raphael, H. C. Richardson, 
 J. Anderson, F. Hagedorn. 
 
 * In this year the City was divided into six wards by the Municipal Act 23 
 of 1873, with two Councillors for each ward. 
 t Resigned. 
 X Elected to seat vacated by W. Letchford. 
 
 J. Colton. 
 
 Caleb Peacock. 
 
 Caleb Peacock.
 
 APPENDICES. 449 
 
 TowTi Clerks. 
 
 1862 to 1856— W. T. Sabben. 
 1856 to 1869— W. A. Hughes. 
 18()0 — Thomas Worsnor>. 
 
 Appendix K. 
 
 Extract from "Appendix to the Report from the Select Committee on Soutla 
 
 Australia," Page 84. 
 
 " ISo. 56. — Dated from No. 9, Park-street, Westminster, 7th July, 
 1840. 
 
 " Lands in the vicinity of Adelaide reserved for the purposes of 
 public health and recreation as Park Lands. — The Resident Commis- 
 sioner was authorised by the Colonization Commissioners on the 1st 
 September, 1838, to purchase these lands out of the public revenue. 
 The sum to be thus laid out was not stated, but we have lately paid 
 bills on this account to the amount of £2,300." — Letter of 11. Torrens, 
 T. F. Elliot, and E. E. Villiers, Esqs., to Lord John Russell. 
 
 DD
 
 INDEX 
 
 PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF THE WORK COMPILED IN 
 ALPHABETICAL ORDER. 
 
 PACK. 
 
 Abattoirs, Designs for ... ... ... ... ... 399 
 
 Act, First, to Establish Municipality ... ... ... ... 15 
 
 Act to Re-establish City Council ... ... ... ... 91 
 
 Act to Appoint City Commissioners ... ... ... ... 91 
 
 Act to Lease Racecourse ... ... ... ... ... 221 
 
 Action of the Council re proposed Bill for Corporation, to be dependent 
 
 on the Governor ... ... ... ... ... 52 
 
 Action-at-Law against Corporation by S. A. Company ... 40 
 
 Action against Corporation by Bishop Short for Trespass ... ... 125 
 
 Additional Vote for Town Hall ... ... ... ... 226 
 
 Address to Governor on Election of First Common Council ... ... 21 
 
 Address to Governor Gawler ... ... ... ... 32 
 
 Address to Governor Grey ... ... ... . . 33 
 
 Address to the Mayor by the Council ... ... ... . 104 
 
 Address to Governor MacDonnell on his departure ... ... 177 
 
 Address to the Queen on the death of the Prince Consort ... . 182 
 
 Address to J. McDouaU Stuart ... ... ... ... 201 
 
 Address to H.R.H. Prince Alfred ... ... ... ... 282 
 
 Address to the Queen on attempt to assassinate Prince Alfred . . . 320 
 
 Address to Governor Fergusson ... ... ... 320 
 
 Address to Governor Fergusson on leaving ... ... ... 359 
 
 Address to the Queen on Marriage of Prince Alfred ... ... 368 
 
 Adelaide Bridge, Opening of ... ... ... ... 390 
 
 Adoption of First City Seal ... ... ... ... 102 
 
 Albert Bells ... ... ... ... ... ... 241 
 
 Amended Corporation Act, 1852 ... ... ... ... 109 
 
 Amended Corporation Act, 1854 ... ... ... ... 114 
 
 Annual Elections ... ... ... ... ... 4 
 
 Application to make the Council's Elections valid ... ... 64 
 
 Appointment of Governor Hindmarsh ... ... .. 8 
 
 Appointment of Colonel Light ... ... ... ... 8 
 
 Appointment of Dr. Short as Bishop of Adelaide ... ... 119 
 
 Arrival of Sir H. E. F. Young, Governor ... ... ... 90 
 
 Arrival of Sir R. G. MacDonnell, Governor ... ... ... 149 
 
 Arrival of Sir D. Daly, Governor ... ... ... ... ISO 
 
 Arrival of the Galatea ... ... ... ... ... 273
 
 INDEX. 451 
 
 PAGE, 
 
 Arrival of Sir J. Fergusson, Governor ... ... ... 325 
 
 Arrival of Sir A. Musgrave, Governor ... ... ... 361 
 
 Arrival of W. W. Cairns, Governor ... ... ... ... 388 
 
 Arrival of Sir W. F. D. Jervois, Governor ... ... ... 394 
 
 Assessment of City Property ... ... ... 138, 155, 171, 348 
 
 Attempt of the Council to Establish a Court ... ... ... 53 
 
 Attempt to obtain a Building Act ... ... ... ... 143 
 
 Attempt to introduce Convict Boys ... ... ... ... 82 
 
 Attempt to obtain Control of Waterworks ... ... ... 223 
 
 Attempt to Improve the Cemetery ... ... ... ... 267 
 
 Attempted Assassination of Prince Alfred ... ... .. 317 
 
 Australian Western Telegraph ... ... ... ... 402 
 
 Avowed Policy of Governor Grey ... ... ... ... 79 
 
 Bad State of the Streets ... ... ... ... ... 85 
 
 Ball in the Town Hall in honor of Prince Alfred . . . , 294 
 
 Bank, Debt due to the National Bank ... ... ... 303 
 
 Banquet, Inaugural, at Opening of Town Hall ... ... 242 
 
 Banquet, Opening of Trans-continental Telegraph line ... ... 354 
 
 Baths, Opening of Public ... ... .. ... ... 176 
 
 Bill, New Municipal ... ... .. ... ... 53 
 
 Bill to Make a Railway to the Port ... ... ... 92 
 
 BiU for Bunding Act ... ... ... ...143,322,344,363 
 
 Bill for Loan of £80,000 for Drainage purposes .. ... 269 
 
 Bill for Loan of £10,000 for general purposes ... ... ... 270 
 
 Bill to Improve River Torrens ... ... . . '. . . 330 
 
 Bill to Borrow £1«), 000 to reduce Overdraft ... ... ... 331 
 
 Bills Prepared in 1877 by the Council ... ... ... ... 400 
 
 Bishop Murphy's Death and Burial ... .... ... ... 154 
 
 Bishop Short's Action against Corporation for Trespass ... ... 125 
 
 Books, Presentation from America of ... ... ... ... 396 
 
 Botanic Gardens Act Passed ... ... ... ... 126 
 
 Botanic Gardens, Trees Planted by Prince Alfred ... ... 293 
 
 Boundary Marks of City and Wards ... ... ... ... 100 
 
 Breakfast to J. M'DouaU Stuart ... ... ... ... 170 
 
 Bridge, Repairs to City ... ... ... ... ... 76 
 
 Bridge over the River Torrens ... ... ... ... 81 
 
 Bridge Wanted over River Torrens ... ... ... ... 127 
 
 Bridge, Plans for new City ... ... ... ... 127 
 
 Bridge, Opening of the Adelaide ... ... ... .. 390 
 
 Bridge, New Frome ... ... ... ... ... 399 
 
 Cathedral Acre, Victoria-square ... ... .. ... 116 
 
 Cathedral Church ... ... ... ... 119 
 
 Cattle Market Site ... ... ... ... ... 26 
 
 Central Board of Health's Action against Corporation ... ... 377 
 
 Ceremony of Opening City Bridge ... ... ... ... 78 
 
 Citizens Hoaxed ... •• ... ••• ••• 272 
 
 City Seal, First ... ... ... ... ... 26 
 
 City Bridge Destroyed ... .. ... ... ■•• 89 
 
 City Council, Act to Re-establish ... ... ... ... 91 
 
 City Commissioners, Act to Appoint . . ... ... ... 91 
 
 City Commissioners, Names of the First ... ... ... 94 
 
 City Commissioners, Expenditure of ... ... ... ... 95 
 
 City Boundary, Marks of ... ... ... ... ... 100 
 
 City Seal, Adoption of First by resuscitated Council ... ... 102
 
 452 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 City Seal, New ... ... ... ... ... ... 164 
 
 City Market ... ... ... ... ... ... 116 
 
 City Ball in honor of Prince Alfred ... ... ... ... 294 
 
 City first Lit with Gas ... ... ... ... ... 313 
 
 City Bridge, Widening ... ... ... .. ... 382 
 
 City, Earthquake in the ... ... ... ... ... 136 
 
 City Squares, Proposal to Open Ptoads through ... ... ... 154 
 
 Civic Dinner in Town Hall in honor of Prince Alfred ... ... 296 
 
 Colonel Light's Monument ... ... ... ... ... 79 
 
 Colonel Light's Portrait ... ... ... ... ... 397 
 
 Colonel Gawler's Portrait ... ... ... ... ... 397 
 
 Claim by Imperial Government ... ... ... ... 397 
 
 Commencement of Erection of Torrens Dam ... ... ... 268 
 
 Commencement of Waterworks .. -. ... ' ... 151 
 
 Conveyance of Acre in Victoria-square for Cathedral ... ... 121 
 
 Corporation Act, Working of ... ... ... ... 36 
 
 Corporation Court, Attempt to Establish a ... ... ... 53 
 
 Corporation Court Established ... ... ... ... 131 
 
 Corporation Scrip ... ... ... ... ... 56 
 
 Corporation Furniture Seized for Eent ... ... ... 71 
 
 Corporation Delfts, Petition of the Mayor as to .. ... ... 83 
 
 Corporation Acts Repealed ... ... ... ... ... 87 
 
 Corporation Re-constituted ... ... ... ... ... 99 
 
 Corporation Refuse to Recognise Grant for Cathedral Acre ... ... 124 
 
 Corporation, Debt of ... ... ... ... ... 159 
 
 Corporation Acts, new ... ... ... ... ... 171 
 
 Corporation Amendment Act Passed ... ... ... ... 365 
 
 CorjDoration Acre, Land Grant of, delivered to the Council ... ... 219 
 
 Cost of Overland Telegraph to Port Darwin .. ... ... 148 
 
 Cricket Ground, Bill for an Act to Lease Park Lands for a ... ... 343 
 
 Council Dissatisfied with its Position ... ... ... ... 03 
 
 Council, The Last Acts of the ... ... ... ... 75 
 
 Counsels' Opinions as to the Position of the Council ... ... 70 
 
 Dam, Proposal to Erect a .. ... ... ... 233 
 
 Dam, Commencement of the Erection of a ... ... ... 268 
 
 Death of Colonel Light ... ... ... ... ... 78 
 
 Death and Funeral of Sir D. Daly ... ... ... ... 304 
 
 Death and Funeral of Lady Edith Fergusson ... ... ... 345 
 
 Debt of the Colony ... ... ... ... ... 90 
 
 Decoration of the Streets for Reception of Prince Alfred ... ... 274 
 
 Designs invited for Corporation Buildings ... ... ... 25 
 
 Destruction of Public Documents and Records by Fire ... ... 14 
 
 Destruction of the Torrens Dam ... ... ... ... 303 
 
 Difierences between Governor Grey and the Council ... ... 62 
 
 Divided Authority between Governor and Pwcsideut Commissioner ... 10 
 
 Discord in the Council ... ... ,., ... ... 144 
 
 Disputes as to the Slaughterhouse ... ... ... ... 54 
 
 Drainage, Waterworks and. Act passed ... ... ... 131 
 
 Drainage of the City, Resolution of House of Assembly as to ... 341 
 
 Drainage of the City ... ... ... ... 368,374,380 
 
 Drainage of the City, Report of Mr. W. Clark ... ... ... 399 
 
 East End Market ... ... ... ... ... 328 
 
 Election of First Common Council ... ... ... ... 20 
 
 Election of Mayor and Council ... ... ... ... 40, 62
 
 INDEX. 453 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Election under Corporations Act, 1S61 ... ... ... 174 
 
 Enclosing Park Lands ... ., ... ... .. 46 
 
 Endowment of Municipal Corporations ... ... ... 351 
 
 Erection and Cost of First Slaughterhouse ... ... ... 26 
 
 Erection of City Bridge ... ... ... ... ... 128 
 
 Erection of Public Baths ... ... ... ... ... 176 
 
 Estal)li.sliment of Mayor's Court ... ... ... ... 131 
 
 Establishment of Magnetic Telegraph ... ... ... ... 145 
 
 Estimated Income from Telegraph ... ... ... ... 147 
 
 Expected Arrival of Prince Alfred ... ... ... ... 271 
 
 Exi^enditure of City Commissioners ... ... ... ... 96 
 
 Expenditure in 1852-53 ... ... ... ... ... Ill 
 
 Expenditure in 1854 ... ... ... ... ... 113 
 
 Expenditure in 1855 ... ... ... ... ... 128 
 
 Exjjenditure in 1856 ... ... ... ... ... 130 
 
 Expenditure in 18.37 ... ... ... ... 1.36 
 
 Expenditure in 1858 ... ... ... ... 155 
 
 Expenditure in 1859 ... ... ... ... 158 
 
 Expenditure from 1852 to 1861 ... ... .. 183 
 
 Exi^enditure on Public Improvements ... ... ... . 268 
 
 E.xpenditure in 1867 ... ... ... ... .303 
 
 Expenditure in 1868 ... ... ... ... ... 323 
 
 Expenditure on Public Works ... ... 332, 342, 347, 364, 372, 379 
 
 Exportation of Flour and Grain, The Fii'st ... ... ... 61 
 
 Exodus of Population on Gold Discoveries ... ... ... 96 
 
 Evidence before Imperial Parliament on Expenditure of Governor Gawler 31 
 
 Fac simile of present City Seal ... ... ... .. 164 
 
 Fae simile of old City Seal ... ... ... ... 27 
 
 Fac simile of Corporation Scrip ... ... ... ... 57 
 
 Financial Administration of Corporation ... ... ... 40 
 
 First Municipal Law in South Australia ... • . . . ... 5 
 
 First Assessment of City Proj)erty ... ... ... ... 35 
 
 First Report of Mayor ... ... ... ... ... 36 
 
 First City Rate Declared ... ... ... ... ... 41 
 
 Fish, Corn, and Vegetable Market ... ... ... ... 30 
 
 Foot Police, Suggested Transfer of Control of ... ... ... 230 
 
 Form of Grant of Victoria-square for Cathedral ... ... ... 122 
 
 Formation of Reception Committee for Arrival of Duke of Edinburgh ... 271 
 
 Foundation of University of Adelaide ... ... ... ... 369 
 
 Fountain Presented by E. T. Smith, Esq. ... ... ... 391 
 
 Frauds on the City Funds ... ... ... .. 322,325 
 
 Frome Bridge Destroyed ... ... ... ... ... 89 
 
 Gardens, Botanical ... ... ... ... ... 126 
 
 Gas Company, Provincial ... ... ... ... ... 327 
 
 Gas First Introduced into the City ... ... ... ... 221 
 
 Gas, Lighting the City with ... ... ... ... 313 
 
 Gas Rate, Renewal of ... ... ... ... ... S46 
 
 German Torchlight Procession ... ... ... ... 290 
 
 Glenelg Railway Act ... ... ... ... ... 344 
 
 Government and the Council, Relations between . ... ... 47 
 
 Governor Gawler's Exjjenditure ... ... ... ... 31 
 
 Governor Gawler's Retirement from Office ... ... ... 32 
 
 Governor Grey, AiTival of ... ... ... ... ... 32 
 
 Governor Grey's Reply to Proposed Memorial to the Queen ... ... 49
 
 454 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 (jovemor Grey's General Policy 
 
 Governor Grey's Kesources Limited 
 
 Gothenburg Steamer Wrecked 
 
 Grant of Acre in Victoria-square for Cathedral, Form of 
 
 Grants in aid of Public Words Reduced 
 
 Health Act Passed, Public ... 
 
 Hindley-street, Subscriptions towards Making 
 
 Hindley-street, Making of, at the public expense ... 
 
 Imperial Government convert Loan of £155,000 into Free Gift 
 
 Inauguration of Constitution Act 
 
 Increase of Members for the City in Parliament 
 
 Increase of City Councillors 
 
 Indian Famine Relief Fund 
 
 Inscription on Colonel Light's Monument 
 
 Introduction of Gas into the City 
 
 Jury return verdict against Bishop Short 
 
 Kapunda, Railway to, opened 
 
 Land Grant of Corporation Acre delivered to the Council 
 
 Land Orders as to Town Acre stiU in force 
 
 Last Act of the Council 
 
 Law proceedings and Discord in the Council 
 
 Laying Foundation Stone of Town Hall 
 
 Laying Foundation Stone of Victoria Tower 
 
 Letter of Condolence to Sir J. Fergusson on Death of Lady Edith 
 
 Levee of H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh 
 
 Light, Colonel, ajjpointed Surveyor-General 
 
 Light's, Colonel, Monument Ptepairs to 
 
 Lighting the City with' Gas 
 
 Loan of £155,000, Imperial Parliament 
 
 Loan of £16,000 to erect Town Hall 
 
 Magnetic Telegraph established 
 
 Marriage of H.R.H the Duke of Edinburgh 
 
 Mayor, Resignation of First 
 
 Mayor's Court Established 
 
 Mayor, Resignation of 
 
 McDouall Stuart, Breakfast to 
 
 McDouall Stuart 
 
 Memorial to the Queen, Proposed 
 
 Morphett Street Level Crossing 
 
 Morpett-street Level Crossing, Attempt to close ... 
 
 Morphett-street Bridge, Proposal to erect 
 
 Municipal Bodies in Great Britain 
 
 Municipal Law in South Australia 
 
 Municipal Corporations in South Aiistralia 
 
 Municipal Bill, new 
 
 Municipal Corporations Act, 1861 
 
 Municipal Corporations Endowment BiU 
 
 Napier, Sir C, oflfer of Government of the Province to 
 Nature and Powers of first Municijjal Law 
 New Corporations Act, Elections under 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 51 
 
 58 
 375 
 122 
 343 
 363 
 29 
 36 
 
 60 
 189 
 351 
 374 
 403 
 
 99 
 221 
 
 126 
 
 169 
 
 219 
 234 
 
 75 
 144 
 213 
 289 
 346 
 288 
 8 
 203 
 313 
 
 60 
 187 
 
 145 
 
 368 
 
 112 
 
 131 
 
 112 
 
 170 
 
 156 
 
 49 
 
 165, 322 
 
 226 
 
 232 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 53 
 
 171 
 
 351 
 
 15 
 
 174
 
 INDEX. 455 
 
 PAOE. 
 
 Office of C4overnor offered to Sir C. Napier ... ... ... 8 
 
 Opening of the Port Railway ... ... ... .. 134 
 
 Opening of the City Bridge ... ... ... ... 135 
 
 Opening of the First Parliament ... ... ... ... 149 
 
 Opening of the Town Hall .. ... ... ... 242 
 
 Opening of the Victoi-ia Bridge ... ... ... 338 
 
 Opening of the Trans-continental Telegraph ... ... 351 
 
 Opening of the Trans-continental Telegraph, Telegrams at ... ••• 354 
 
 Opening of the Adelaide Bridge ... ... ... .. 390 
 
 Opinions of Counsel as to the Position of the Council ... ... 70 
 
 Opinions of Counsel as to Victoria-square for Cathedral ... ... 121 
 
 Opinions of Counsel as to Opening Roads through the City Squares . . . 154 
 
 Park Lands, Purchase of . . . ... ... ... 12 
 
 Park Lands, Enclosure of ... ... ... . . 46 
 
 Park Lands, Project to Improve River Banks and . ... 143 
 
 Park Lands, Act to Lease for Racecourse ... .. .. 221 
 
 Park Lands, Act to Lease for Cricket Ground ... ... . . 343 
 
 Parliamentary Vote of £200 to Build the River Dam . . 233 
 
 Parliamentary Vote of £1,000 to Improve River Banks ... 235 
 
 Parliamentary Vote of £6,000 towards Victoria Bridge . . . . 337 
 
 Parliamentary Vote of £6,000 towards new City Bridge ... .. 364 
 
 Personnel of the Council 1840 ... ... ... ... 20 
 
 Personnel of the Council 1852 ... ... . ... 101 
 
 Petition to Re-establish the Council ... .. .. 89 
 
 Police Rate instituted ... ... \ . ... 185 
 
 Police Rate, Reduction in number of Constables charged for . . . 366 
 
 Police, Suggested transfer of control of t ... .. ■•■ 230 
 
 Policy of Governor Grey ... ... . • ... 79 
 
 Policy of Governor Young ... ... ... ... 95 
 
 Port Railway opened ... ... ... ... 134 
 
 Portraits of Colonel Light and Colonel Gawler ... ... 397 
 
 Precedency of Mayor and Council, Question as to ... ... 314 
 
 Presentation of Silver Bowl to the Council ... ... ... 158 
 
 Presentation of Colors to the Volunteers ... ... ... 291 
 
 Presentation of Books from America ... ... ... 396 
 
 Presentation of Portraits of Colonels Light and Gawler ... ... 397 
 
 Private Subscriptions towards making Hindley-street ... ... 29 
 
 Prince Alfred's Levee ... ... ... ... ... 2SS 
 
 Project for a To-svn Hall ... .. ... ... 143 
 
 Projected improvement in the City ... ... ... 229 
 
 Proposal to send Laborers to Sydney . . ... ... 58 
 
 Proposal for opening Roads through City Squares ... ... 154 
 
 Proposals for Establishing South Australia ... ... ... S 
 
 Proposal for Assessing City Property ... ... ... 109 
 
 Proposal to erect Morphett-street Bridge ... ... ... 232 
 
 Proposal to erect a City Dam ... ... ... ..- 233 
 
 Proposed improvements in the streets ... ... •■ 28 
 
 Proposed Bill to make Corporation dependent on Governor . . 51 
 
 Proposed Water Company ... ... ... ... 91 
 
 Provincial Gas Company ... ... ... ... 327 
 
 Public Health Act passed ... ... ... ... 363 
 
 Public Monument to Colonel Light's Memory ... ... ... 78 
 
 Public Houses, Regiilation of ... ... ... ... 39 
 
 Public Houses, Permissive Bill to regulate ... ... ... 350 
 
 Purchase of Acre 203 for the Corporation ... ... . . 24
 
 456 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Purchase of Land for City Market ... ... ... - ... 367 
 
 Queen, Proposed Petition to the ... ... ... ... 49' 
 
 Question as to Validity of Mayor's Election ... ... ... 42 
 
 Question as to erection of a Town Hall ... ... ... 184 
 
 Question as to Mayor's Powers in the City ... ... ... 335 
 
 Quo-warrant, Writ of, as to Mr. Wilson's Acting as I^Iayor ... . . 43 < 
 
 Racecourse, East Park Lands ... ... ... ... 36 
 
 Railway to the Port, Scheme for ... ... ... ... 86 
 
 Railway to the Port, BiU for ... ... ... ... 92 
 
 Railway to the Port and Gawler ... .... ... ... 129 
 
 Railway to Kapunda Opened ... ... ... ... 169 
 
 Railway to Glenelg. an Act for a ... ... ... ... 344 
 
 Rate Declared, First ... ... ... ... ... 41 
 
 Rates Levied for Making Streets ... ... ... ... 88 
 
 Reception Ccmmittee Appointed to receive Prince Alfred ... ... 271 
 
 Reception of, and Addresses to, J. M'Douall Stuart ... ... 190 
 
 Reconstitution of the Corporation ... ... ... .. 99 
 
 Rediiction in Expenditure ... ... ... ... ... 158 
 
 Refusal of Bank to Advance for Works ... ... ... 157 
 
 Regulation of Public Houses ... ... ... ... 39 
 
 Rejoinder of the Council to Governor Grey ... ... ... 50 
 
 Relations between Government and the Council ... ... ... 47 
 
 Religious Organization against Grant-in-aid ... .. •.. 118 
 
 Repairs to the Streets, Votes for ... ... ... ... 92 
 
 Repairs to Footways and Streets ... ... ... ... 80 
 
 Repeal of Corporation Acts ... ... ... ... 87 
 
 Renewal of Gas Rate ... ... ... ... ... 345 
 
 Report of the Mayor ... ... ... ... ... 36 
 
 Resignation of Colonel Light as Surveyor-General ... ... 11 
 
 Resignation of the Mayor ... ... ... ... ... 42 
 
 Resignation of the Mayor ... ... ... ... ... 112 
 
 Reservoir Waterworks Opened ... ... ... ... 168 
 
 Resolution of the Council adopted instead of Addresses ... ... 33 
 
 Resolution of the House of Assembly as to the City Drainage . . . 341 
 
 Retrenchment and Reduction in Salaries ... ... ... 41 
 
 Return of J. M'DouaU Stuart ... ... ... ... 189 
 
 Revenue and Expenditure from 1852 to 1861 ... ... ... 183 
 
 Revenue of the City ... ... ... ... ... 235 
 
 Review of the Volunteers by Prince Alfred ... ... ... 291 
 
 Riot in the City ... ... .. ... ... 332 
 
 River Torrens, Parliamentary Vote to Improve Banks of ... ... 236 
 
 River Torrens, Amended Bill for Improvement of ... ... 350 
 
 Road BiU Negatived ... ... ... ... ... 363 
 
 Road Act Passed ... ... ... ... ... 366 
 
 Rundle-street, Making of, at public expense ... . . ... 36 
 
 Sale of the Park Lands ... ... ... ■ . • . . . 12 
 
 Savings Bank Act ... ... ... .. ••• 350 
 
 Scheme for Improving Victoria-square ... ... • • . 367 
 
 Seizure for Rent of Corporation Furniture ... ... ... 71 
 
 Select Committee on Sale of Meat ... ... ... ... 344 
 
 Select Committee on Drainage of the City ... ... ... 345 
 
 Selection of Site of the City ... ... ... ■•• 9
 
 INDEX. 457 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Special Grant for Fencing aud Planting Squares ... ... ... 121 
 
 Streets, Bad state of ... ... ... ... ... 85 
 
 Streets, Eates levied for Making ... ... ... ... 88 
 
 Streets, Votes for Repairs to ... .. ... ... 92 
 
 Slaughterhouse, Disputes as to ... ... ... ... 54 
 
 Sunday-School Children's Hymn of Loyalty ... ... ... 286 
 
 Supreme Court, Proposal to appeal to, as to validity of Council's Elections 67 
 
 Survey of the City ... ... ... ... ..■ 12 
 
 Telegrams at Banquet on Opening of Overland Line ... ... 354 
 
 Telegraph, Estimated Income from ... ... ... ... 146 
 
 Town Hall, Designs for ... ... . ... ... 185 
 
 TowTi HaU, Prize Designs for ... ... ... ... 188 
 
 Town Hall, Memorial against Proceeding with Erection of ... ... 220 
 
 Town Hall Organ ... ... ... ... ... 376 
 
 Tramway, Adelaide and Suburban, Bill for ... ... ... 382 
 
 University of Adelaide, First Report of ... ... ... 378 
 
 Victoria Tower, Foundation-stone Laid by Prince Alfred ... ... 289 
 
 Visit of Prince Alfred (second time) ... ... ... ... 325 
 
 Waterworks, Transfer of ... ... ... ... ... 160 
 
 Waterworks, Attempt of Corporation to obtain control of ... ••• 225 
 
 Waterworks Question ... ... ... ... ••• 339 
 
 Water, City how supplied with ... ... ... •■• 132 
 
 Widening the City Bridge Road ... ... ... ••• 348
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Adelaide, The Bank of . . .1 
 Advertiser Newspaper . . .72 
 
 Allen, Joseph 46 
 
 Allen, Richard, jun. . . .34 
 
 Allott, W. D 43 
 
 Anderson, F 27 
 
 Armbruster and Uhlmann . . 28 
 
 Aston, CD 20 
 
 Australasia, The Bank of . . .8 
 Australian Alliance Assurance Co. . 16 
 Australian Mutual Provident Society 65 
 
 Davis, John W. 
 Dean, William . 
 Doolette, George P. 
 Douglas, W. S. 
 
 Bagot, E. M. . 
 Bagshaw, J. S., and Son 
 BaUantyne, T. . 
 Bank of Adelaide 
 Bank of Australasia . 
 Bank of New South Wales 
 Bank of South Australia 
 Bates, Theophilus 
 Baths, City and Turkish 
 Beaglehole and Johnston 
 Birkenhead Slip 
 Boothby, J. Gilbert . 
 Brock, T. A. . 
 Buik, W. C, and Co. 
 
 Chambers and Blades 
 
 Chapman, Arthur 
 
 Claxton, W. D. 
 
 Cotton, G. W. 
 
 Cornwall Fire and Marine Insrnc. Co, 
 
 Crabb, R. S. . 
 
 Cruikshanks, T. 
 
 Cunningham, A 
 
 Darling, John, and Sons 
 Davies, M. C. . 
 
 28 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 62 
 
 38 
 
 27 
 
 41 
 
 16 
 
 66 
 
 49 
 
 30 
 66 
 21 
 16 
 12 
 44 
 41 
 36 
 
 Eagle Life Insurance Co. 
 
 East Terrace Picture Gallery 
 
 Emigration Notice . 
 
 English, Scottish, and Australian 
 
 Chartered Bank 
 Evans, Alfred Charles 
 
 Falk, P., and Co. . 
 
 Fax, T 
 
 Fife, Robert . 
 Fletcher, H. C. 
 Forbes, H., and Co. 
 Fowler, D. and J. 
 
 Gates, George . 
 
 Gay, P 
 
 Genders, Joseph, and Co. 
 Goode Brothers 
 Gordon, W., and Co. 
 Government Advertisement 
 Gurr, John 
 
 Hackett, E. and W, 
 Hall, John 
 
 Harris, Scarfe, and Co. 
 Harrold Brothers 
 Harvey and Fenn 
 Henderson, and Co. . 
 Hodgkiss, John, and Co. 
 Hubble, Geo. . 
 
 50 Imperial Fire Insurance Co. 
 32 Irwin and Miller 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 . 48 
 
 . 22 
 
 . 48 
 
 . 17 
 
 12 
 
 35 
 51 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 63 
 34 
 62 
 63 
 68 
 67 
 
 58 
 59 
 42 
 40 
 18 
 51 
 55 
 
 44 
 55 
 29 
 41 
 20 
 40 
 56 
 26 
 
 15 
 44
 
 ir. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 
 
 James, W. 
 , Jessop, L. A. . 
 Jones, A., and Son . 
 Jolmson, Thomas 
 Johnston and Furniss 
 
 Kaines, John H. 
 King, Wm., jun. 
 Kleeman, F. A. 
 
 Laughton, Edward, and Co. 
 Laughton, George 
 Leonard, Michael J. . 
 
 Macdonald, T. . 
 
 Main and Geyer 
 
 Mayfield and Son 
 
 Melbourne Photographic Co. 
 
 Mercantile Marine Insurance Co 
 
 Meredith, E. P. 
 
 MiUer, K. St. Barbe 
 
 Morgan, W., and Co. 
 
 Morton, W. R. 
 
 Moseley, George 
 
 Moseley, Henry 
 
 National Bank of Aiistralasia 
 Nolteinus, H., and Co. 
 
 Parr, James Hamilton 
 Pascoe, John F. 
 Peacock, W., and Son 
 Pizey and Reed 
 
 Reid Brothers . 
 Rice, H. M. . 
 Robertson, George . 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 . 43 
 
 . 66 
 
 . 70 
 
 . 24 
 
 . 39 
 
 . 34 
 . 37 
 
 . 28 
 
 . 58 
 . 21 
 
 . 27 
 
 . 60 
 . 68 
 . 45 
 . 35 
 . 13 
 . 17 
 . 16 
 . 47 
 26-27 
 . 55 
 . 33 
 
 7 
 24 
 
 26 
 29 
 39 
 19 
 
 31 
 33 
 
 47 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Sach, F. and S 50 
 
 Sargeant, George . . . .49 
 
 Schmidt, T> 48 
 
 Scott, James, and Son . . .43 
 Shierlaw, G. and W. ... 34 
 
 Smith, E. T 32 
 
 Smith, George W 19 
 
 Simpson, A., and Son . . .69 
 South Australian Company . . 30 
 South Australian Foundry . . 70 
 South Australain Insurance Co. . 14 
 
 Stacy, J. M 54 
 
 Steiner, H 52 
 
 Strapps, Samuel . . . .39 
 
 Tassie, A. D. and Co. . . . 53 
 Tidemann, Charles . . . .66 
 Townsend, Bottmg, and Co. . . 23 
 
 Trew, Henry 25 
 
 TumbuU, James T. . . , .43 
 
 Union Bank of Australia . . .4 
 
 Virgo, David 42 
 
 Virgoe, Son, and Co. . . .70 
 
 Wadham, W., andCo. . . .21 
 Webster, John, and Co. . , -37 
 Wliite and Bishop . . . .62 
 Wigg, R. H., and Sons . . .71 
 
 WiUsandCo 55 
 
 Wivell, E. J 35 
 
 Wood, G., Son, and Co. . . .61 
 Woodcock, Hanson , . . .70 
 Woodman, Joseph . . . .40
 
 TRADES INDEX. 
 
 Auctioneers — page. 
 
 Bagot, E. M 22 
 
 Claxton, W. D 21 
 
 Dean, William . . . .22 
 
 Gordon and Co., W. . . . 18 
 
 Laugliton, Edward, and Co. . . 58 
 Laugh ton, George . . . .21 
 Parr, James Hamilton . . .26 
 Pizey and Reed . . . .19 
 Tidemann, Charles . . . .66 
 Towusend, Betting, and Co. . . 23 
 Wadham, W. and Co. . . . 21 
 
 Agricultural Implement Manufac- 
 turers — 
 Bagshaw, J. S., and Son . 
 
 Banks — 
 Adelaide, The Bank of . . . 
 Australasia, The Bank of 
 English, Scottish, and Australian 
 
 Chartered Bank .... 
 National Bank of Australasia . 
 New South Wales, Bank of 
 South Australia, Bank of 
 Union Bank of Australasia 
 
 Bates's Salve .... 
 
 28 
 
 BatJis, City and Turkisli — 
 Bastard, T 38 
 
 Blacksmith — 
 Virgo, David 42 
 
 Boatbuilders — 
 
 Cruikshanks, T 41 
 
 Fletcher, H. C. , . . .63 
 
 Boot and Shoe Manufacturers — 
 
 Johnston, T 24 
 
 Stacy J. iSI 54 
 
 Brewers — page. 
 
 Beaglehole and .Johnston . . 27 
 Chambers and Blades . . .30 
 Smith, E. T 32 
 
 Builder — 
 James, W. . . ." . 
 
 Butchers — 
 
 Ballantyne, T. . 
 Sargeant, George 
 Woodcock, Hanson 
 
 Cahinetmahers — 
 
 Gay, P. . . 
 Maylield and Son 
 
 Calisthenics — 
 WiveU, E. J. . 
 
 Carpenter — 
 James, W. 
 
 43 
 
 48 
 49 
 70 
 
 Carver d; Gilder- 
 Kleeman, F. A. 
 
 Chemists and Druggists- 
 
 AUott, W. D. . 
 Main and Geyer 
 
 Commission Agents 
 
 Bagot, E. M. . 
 Boothby, J. Gilbert 
 Brock, T. A. 
 Davies, M. C. 
 Dean, William 
 .Tessop, L. A. 
 Meredith, E. P, 
 MUler, K. St. Barbe 
 Peacock, W., and Sou 
 
 59 
 45 
 
 35 
 
 43 
 
 28 
 
 43 
 68 
 
 22 
 16 
 66 
 32 
 22 
 66 
 17 
 16 
 39
 
 IV. 
 
 TEADES INDEX. 
 
 Parr, James Hamilton 
 , Smith, George W. 
 Tidemann, Charles . 
 Townsend, Betting, and Co. 
 Turnbull, James T. . 
 Webster, John, and Co. . 
 
 Companies — 
 Melbourne Photographic . 
 South Australian 
 
 Confectioners — 
 
 Henderson and Co. 
 Irwin and Miller 
 
 Cornf actors — 
 
 Hackett, E. and W. 
 Darling, John, and Son . 
 Gurr, Joshua . . . . 
 
 Customs and Shipping Agents 
 
 Brock, T. A. . 
 Smith, George W. . 
 Tassie, A. D., and Co. 
 Tidemann, Charles . 
 Wood, G., Son, and Co. 
 
 Dancing — 
 Wivell, E. J. . 
 
 Diesinker and Engraver- 
 Schmidt, D. . 
 
 PAOE. 
 
 . 26 
 
 . 19 
 
 . 66 
 
 . 2.3 
 
 . 43 
 
 . 37 
 
 Drapers — 
 
 Hodgkiss, John, and Co. . 
 Wills and Co. . 
 
 Emigration Notice 
 
 Engineers and Ironfounders- 
 
 Jones, A., and Sons 
 Strapps, Samuel 
 
 Fellmongers — 
 Peacock, W., and Son 
 
 Fireproof Safe Makers — 
 Simpson, A., and Son 
 
 Fishm.ongers — 
 Moseley, George 
 
 44 
 50 
 55 
 
 35 
 
 48 
 
 39 
 
 69 
 
 55 
 
 Fruiterers — 
 Pascoe, John F. 
 
 Furnishing Ironmongers — • 
 
 Buik, W. C, and Co. 
 Cunningham, A. 
 Sach, P. and S. 
 
 Furniture Warehouse — 
 
 Gay, P 
 
 Mayfield, S., and Son 
 
 Grain and Flour Merchants- 
 Darling, John, and Son . 
 
 Gold and Silversmiths — 
 
 Davis, John W^. 
 Falk, P., andCo. . 
 Steiner, H. . , . 
 
 49 
 36 
 
 50 
 
 59 
 45 
 
 . 50 
 
 48 
 63 
 52 
 
 Government Advertisement. 
 Grocers — 
 
 51 
 
 Fowler, D. J., and Co. 
 
 . 67 
 
 Morgan, W., and Co. 
 
 . 47 
 
 Tassie, A. D., and Co. 
 
 . 53 
 
 Wigg, P. H., and Sons 
 
 . 71 
 
 Wood, G., Son, and Co. . 
 
 . 61 
 
 66 
 
 18 
 58 
 21 
 
 General Agents — 
 Jessop, L. A 
 
 Hide and Skin Salesmen — 
 Gordon, W , and Co. 
 Laughton, Edward, and Co. 
 Laughton, George . - . 
 
 Hotels — 
 
 Black Bull Hotel, Hindley-street . 26 
 
 Clare Hotel, Clare , . . . ,34 
 
 Clarence Hotel, King William-street 58 
 
 Globe Hotel, Runcile-street . . 25 
 
 Criterion Hotel, King William-street 68 
 
 Pier Hotel, Glenelg . . . . ,33 
 Southern Cross, King Wm.-st. 26-27 
 
 Sturt Hotel, Grenfell-street . . .33 
 
 Wakefield Hotel, Wakefield-street . 27 
 
 Wellington Inn, Carrie-street . . 27 
 
 Importers — 
 
 
 Allott, W. D. 
 
 . 43 
 
 Buik, W C, and Co. 
 
 . 49 
 
 Cunningham, A. 
 
 . 36 
 
 Davies, M. C. 
 
 32
 
 TRADES INDEX. 
 
 Falk, P., and Co. . 
 
 Fax, T 
 
 Fowler, D. and J. - 
 Gay, P. - - - - 
 Goode Brothers 
 Hodgkiss, Jokn, and Co. - 
 Johnson, Thomas 
 Kaines, J. H. - 
 Maj^eld, S., and Sons 
 Morgan, W. , and Co. 
 Robertson, George - 
 Sach, F. and S. 
 Scott, James, and Son 
 Stacy, J. M. 
 White and Bishop 
 Wigg. R. H., and Sons 
 WiUsandCo. - 
 Wood, G., Son, and Co. - 
 Woodman, J. - 
 
 Insurance Company — 
 
 Australian Alliance Assurance Co. - 
 Australian Mutual Provident Soc, - 
 Cornwall Fire and Marine Insurance 
 
 Company 
 
 Eagle Life Insurance Company 
 Imperial Fire Insurance Company - 
 Mercantile Marine Insurance Co. 
 South Australian Insurance Co. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 . 63 
 . 34 
 
 - 67 
 
 - 59 
 
 - 40 
 
 - 56 
 
 - 24 
 
 - 34 
 
 - 45 
 
 - 47 
 
 - 47 
 
 - 50 
 
 - 43 
 
 - 54 
 
 - 62 
 
 - 71 
 
 - 55 
 
 - 61 
 
 - 40 
 
 Insurance Agent — 
 Jessop, L. A. - 
 
 Iron Bedstead Makers— 
 Simpson, A., and Son 
 
 Ironmongers — 
 
 Bulk, W. C. and Co. 
 Harris, Scarfe, and Co. 
 Harrold Brothers 
 Sach, F. and S. 
 Scott, James and Son 
 Tassie, A. D., and Co. 
 
 Iron Founder — 
 Jones, A., and Sons 
 
 Land and Estate Agents- 
 
 Aston, C. D. - 
 Chapman, Arthur 
 Claxton, W. D. 
 Cotton, G. W. - 
 Douglas, William S 
 Evans, Alfred Charles 
 
 66 
 
 - 69 
 
 69 
 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Harvey and Fenn 
 
 - 20 
 
 Meredith, E. P. 
 
 . 17 
 
 Miller, K. St. Barbe - 
 
 - 16 
 
 Parr, James Hamilton 
 
 - 26 
 
 Pizey and Reed 
 
 - 19 
 
 Tidemann, Charles - 
 
 - 66 
 
 Townsend, Botting, and Co. 
 
 - 23 
 
 Wadham, W., and Co. 
 
 - 21 
 
 Leather Salesmen — 
 
 
 Fax, Thomas . . - . 
 
 - 34 
 
 Genders, Joseph C, and Co. 
 
 - 42 
 
 Macldnists — 
 
 
 Bagshaw, J. S., and Son - 
 
 - 28 
 
 Jones, A., and Sons - 
 
 - 70 
 
 Schmidt, D, - - - - 
 
 - 48 
 
 Merchants — 
 
 
 Darling, John, and Son 
 
 - 50 
 
 Falk, P., and Co. - 
 
 - 63 
 
 Fowler, D. and J. . - . 
 
 - 67 
 
 Morgan, W., and Co. 
 
 - 47 
 
 Tassie, A. D., and Co. 
 
 - 53 
 
 Virgoe, Son, and Co. 
 
 - 70 
 
 Webster, John, and Co. - 
 
 - 37 
 
 Wigg, R. H , and Sons - 
 
 - 71 
 
 Wood, G., Son, and Co. - 
 
 - 61 
 
 Music Teacher — 
 
 
 Hall, John - - - . 
 
 - 55 
 
 Newsj)aper — 
 
 
 South Australian Advertiser - 
 
 - 72 
 
 Oxdjitters — 
 
 
 Doolette, Geo. P. - - - 
 
 - 48 
 
 Hodgkiss, John, and Co. 
 
 - 56 
 
 Shierlaw, G. and W. 
 
 - 34 
 
 Wills and Co. 
 
 - 55 
 
 Photographers — 
 Melbourne Photographic Company 
 
 Pianoforte Makers and Tuners — 
 Fife, Robert - - - 
 Woodman, J. - 
 
 35 
 
 - 62 
 
 - 40 
 
 Picture Frame Makers — 
 Kleeman, F. A. - - - - 28 
 
 Picture Galleries — 
 East-terrace Picture Gallery - - 35
 
 VI. 
 
 TEADES INDEX. 
 
 Produce Brokers — 
 Allen, Richard, jun. 
 
 Provision Merchants — 
 
 Morgan, W., and Co. 
 "Wigg, R. H., and Sons - 
 Wood, G., Son, and Co. - 
 
 Saddlers — 
 Genders, Joseph C, and Co. - 
 
 Seedsmen — 
 Hackett, E. and W. 
 
 Sheep and Cattle Salesmen — 
 
 Bagot, E. M, - 
 Dean, William 
 Gordon, W. , and Co. 
 Laughton, Edward, and Co. 
 Laughton, George - 
 
 Shipping Agents — 
 
 Harrokl Brothers 
 TurnbuU, James T. 
 
 Shipwrights — 
 
 Birkenhead Slip (T. Cruikshank) 
 Fletcher's Shipwrights' Yard - 
 
 Silh Mercers — 
 
 Hodgkiss, John, and Co. 
 Wills and Co. - 
 
 PAGE. 
 - 34 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 
 41 
 
 Storekeepers — 
 
 Gurr, Joshua - 
 Tassie, A. D., and Co. 
 
 Tailors and Clothiers- 
 
 Doolette, George P. 
 Shierlaw, G. and W. 
 White and Bishop - 
 
 Tanners — 
 
 Peacock, W., and Son 
 Reid Brothers - 
 
 Tent and Tarpaulin Makers- 
 Allen, Joseph - 
 MacDonald, T. 
 
 Tinplate Workers — 
 Simpson, A., and Son 
 
 69 
 
 Timber Merchants — 
 
 Davis, M. C. (Jarrah) 
 King, Wm., jun. 
 
 Tobacconist — 
 Armbruster and Uhlmann 
 
 Upholsterers — 
 
 Hodgkiss, John, and Co. - 
 Gay, P. - - - - 
 Mayfield and Son 
 
 Valuators — 
 
 Chapman, Arthur 
 Claxton, W. D. - 
 
 Parr, James Hamilton 
 Tidemann, Charles - 
 Townsend, Botting, and Co. 
 Wadham, W., and Co. 
 
 Veterinary Surgeon — 
 Crabb, R. S. - 
 
 Wcorehousemen — 
 Good Brothers 
 
 Watchmakers and Jewellers- 
 
 Davis, John W. 
 Falk, P., and Co. - 
 Steiner, H. - - - 
 
 Wheat and Produce Broker- 
 Allen, Richard, jun. 
 
 55 WJieelwright — 
 53 Virgo, David - 
 
 Wine and Spirit Merchants — 
 
 Johnston and Fumiss 
 Kaines, J. H. ... 
 
 Noltenius, H., and Co. 
 Wigg, R. H., and Son - 
 Tassie, A. D., and Co. 
 
 Wool, Hide, and Skin Salesmen- 
 Gordon, W., and Co. 
 Laughton, Edward, and Co. 
 Laughton George 
 
 Woolstaplers — 
 Peacock, W., and Son 
 
 - 32 
 
 - 37 
 
 ■ 28 
 
 56 
 59 
 45 
 
 66 
 21 
 26 
 71 
 23 
 21 
 
 44 
 
 - 40 
 
 48 
 63 
 52 
 
 34 
 
 42 
 
 39 
 34 
 24 
 71 
 53 
 
 18 
 58 
 21 
 
 39
 
 ADVERTISKMBISTTS. 
 
 INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT, 1867. 
 
 CAPITAL: HALF A MILLION, 
 
 In 100,000 Shares of £5 each, 
 
 WITH PO^WBR XO IISrCJREASIC TO ONE IVLILLION. 
 
 DIRECTORS : 
 
 R. BARR SMITH, Esq., Chairman. 
 
 JOSEPH FISHER, Esq. 
 ALEXANDER HAY, Esq: 
 
 WILLIAM KAY, Esq. 
 GEORGE MAIN, Esq. 
 
 JOHN SOUTTAR, Manager. 
 HENRY STODART, Accountant 
 
 HEAD OFFICE: 
 GRESHAM CHAMBERS, KING WILLIAM STREET, ADELAU:»E. 
 
 BRANCHES: 
 
 GAWLER — W. J. Oldham, Manager. 
 KAPUNDA— W. Garsed, Manager. 
 PORT ADELAIDE— G. A. Connor, Manager. 
 KINGSTON, LACEPEDE BAY— E. S. Burkitt, Manager. 
 
 ^ AGENTS: 
 
 In LOXnON : Oriental Bank ( 'urporation. 
 Tn VICTORIA : The Colonial Bank of Australasia and Oriental Bank Corporation. 
 In NEW SOUTH WALES & QUEENSLAND : The Commercial Banking Company cf 
 Sydney and Oriental Bank Corporation. 
 In NEW ZEALAND : The Bank of New Zealand. 
 In TASMANIA : The Bank of Australasia, 
 In CHINA, JAPAN, INDIA, CEYLON, and MAURITIUS: Oriental Bank Corporation 
 
 JOHN SOUTTAR, Manager. 
 a 
 
 i
 
 jLdtertisements. 
 
 
 '■J 
 
 Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1852. 
 
 PAID-UP CAPITAL, £600,000, 
 
 With power to inrcease to ^1,000,000. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE: 
 
 73, CORNHILL, LONDON. 
 
 ALEX. L. ELDEE, Esq. 
 JOHN B. GOEE, Esq. 
 F. A. HANKEY, Esq. 
 S. P. KENNARD, Esq. 
 
 €onxt of ^uuiox% : 
 
 JAMES EAE, Esq. 
 JOHN R. THOMSON, Esq. 
 JAMES D. THOMSON, Esq. 
 THOMAS W. WATSON, Esq. 
 
 HENRY MOULES, Esq. 
 
 ^nspdax nxiii (gimral gtanag^r m €alanm : 
 
 HON. SIR GEORGE VERDON, K.C.M.G., C.B. 
 
 BI^^^:]s^OH:ES. 
 
 IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA : 
 
 ADELAIDE, KAPUNDA, MOUNT GAMBIER, CLARE, MOONTA, MILLICENT, 
 BLYTH, AND TANUNDA. 
 
 IN NORTHERN TERRITORY: 
 
 PALMERSTON. 
 
 IN VICTORIA : 
 
 MELBOURNE, WILLIAMSTOWN, COLLINGWOOD, NORTH MELBOURNE, 
 
 EMERALD HILL, HAWTHORN, RICHMOND, KEW, BRIGHTON, IL\Y, 
 
 MARKET, WEST MELBOURNE, AND WINDSOR. 
 
 IN NEW SOUTH WALES: 
 
 SYDNEY, WOLLONGONG, KIAMA, MOSS VALK, AND BROUGHTON CREKK.
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 England — National Provincial Bank of England. 
 
 Ireland — The Bank of Ireland and the 
 Ulster Banking Company. 
 
 Scotland — The British Linen Company, 
 National Bank cjf Scotland, and 
 North of Scotland Bank 
 
 Manchester — Heywood Bros. & Co. 
 
 Plymouth — Han'is, Bulteel, & Co. 
 
 Southampton — The Hampshire Banking 
 Company. 
 
 Liverpool — A. Heywood, Sons, & Co. 
 Netveastle-on-Tifne — Lambton & Co. 
 Birmingham — Lloyd's Banking Company. 
 Chester — Williams & Co. 
 
 Truro and Camborne, \ Willyams and Co., 
 Cornwall — ) Miners' Bank. 
 
 Liskeard — Robins, Foster, and Co., East 
 Cornwall Bank. 
 
 Tasmania- 
 
 -Bank of Van Diemeu's Land 
 and the Bank of Tasmania. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope — Thompson, Watson, 
 and Co. 
 
 New Zealand — National Bank of 
 Zealand, Limited. 
 
 New 
 
 Bristol, Ne 
 and Cardiff 
 
 nop or t, f 
 
 The West of England 
 and South Wales 
 District Bank. 
 
 r'o:REiia-:isr ^^o-ehstts: 
 
 The English Bank of Rio de Janeiro. 
 The Mauritius Commercial Bank. 
 Bank of British Columbia, San Francisco. 
 Messrs. Hainsworth & Co., Valparaiso. 
 
 Messrs. Moses and Sou, G-. Melchior, 
 
 Copenhagen. 
 The Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, 
 
 London, and China. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Hon. Thomas Elder, M.L.C. | Sir John Morphett. 
 
 David Murray, Esq. 
 
 Manager— John Brodie Spence. 
 
 Accountant — William Henry Stratford. 
 
 Solicitors — Messrs. Boucaut, Bruce, & Stuart. 
 
 Drafts'on London Office, Branches, and Agents of the Bank in all 
 quarters of the World, issued at wirrent rates of Exchange. 
 
 Approved Bills on England, Scotland, and the Colonies purchased or 
 remitted for Collection. 
 
 Local Bills discounted, and Cash Credit Accounts opened on approved 
 security. 
 
 Interest allowed on fixed Deposits at the most favorable rates. 
 
 JOHN B. SPENCE, Manager. 
 
 English, Scottish, and Australian 
 
 Chartered Bank, King William Street.
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1837. 
 
 PAID-UP CAPITAL, £1,250,000. RESERVE FUNDS, £425,000. 
 
 1, BANK BUILDINGS, LOTHBURY, LONDON. 
 
 BANK OF ENGLAND, and Messrs, GLYN. MILLS, CURRIE, & Co. 
 
 COLONIAL ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 Inspector and General Manager— ]0W^ F. McMULLEN, Esq. 
 
 Chief Officer for New Zealand— ]0'$>Y?Yi PALMER, Esq. 
 
 Assistant Inspector— Y. M. INNES, Esq. 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 Melbourne 
 
 Geelong 
 
 Portland 
 
 Ballaarat 
 
 Sandhurst 
 
 
 Stawell 
 Clunes 
 Egerton 
 Daylesford 
 
 
 Rochester 
 
 Maryborough 
 
 Smythesdale 
 
 Alexandra 
 
 Tarnagulla 
 
 
 NEW 
 
 SOUTH 
 
 WALES. 
 
 
 Sydney 
 
 Wagga 
 
 Wagga 
 
 Deniliquin 
 
 Hay 
 
 Brisbane 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 1 
 
 Rockhampton 
 
 Hobart Town 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Adelaide | Port Adelaide 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Launceston Latrobe 
 
 Oatlandi 
 
 Auckland 
 
 Grahamstown 
 
 Napier 
 
 Port Ahuriri (Napier) 
 
 Gisborne 
 
 Waipukurau 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Nelson 
 
 NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 Hokitika 
 
 Greymouth 
 
 Hamilton (^Waikato) 
 
 Koss 
 
 Waimea 
 
 Kumara 
 
 Christchurch 
 
 Ashburton 
 
 Rangiora 
 
 Southbridge 
 
 Lyttelton 
 
 Timaru 
 
 Waimate 
 
 Dunedin 
 
 Oamaru 
 
 Invercargill
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 AGEH TS: 
 
 The National Provincial Baak of England. 
 
 The London and County Bank. 
 
 The Bank of Liverpool. 
 
 The Lancaster Hanking Co. 
 
 The Carlisle City and District Bank, Carlisle, Sic. 
 
 The Union Bank, Manchester, Limited. 
 
 Parr's Banking Co., Warrington, &c. 
 
 Messrs. Swan, C lough, and Co., York. 
 
 Messrs. Beckett and Co. \ t „„,_ t,„ 
 
 Messrs. William WilUams Brown, and Co. J '-^^^^' ^'=- 
 
 The Halifax and Huddersfield Union Bank. 
 
 The Bradford Commercial Bank. 
 
 Messrs. G-arfit, Claypon, and Co., Boston, &c. 
 
 Moore and Robinson's Nottingham Banking Co. 
 
 Lloyd's Banking Co. t Binnineham 
 
 The Birmingham Banking Co. \ ^i™iignam. 
 
 The Birmingham, Dudley, and District Banking Co. 
 
 The Northamptonshire Union Bank. 
 
 Messrs. Bassott, S-:;n, and Harris, Leighton Buzzard, &c. 
 
 Messrs. Foster and Co., Cambridge, &c. 
 
 Messrs. Round, Green, and Co.. Colchester. 
 
 Messrs. Grant, Gillman, and Long. Portsmouth. 
 
 Messrs. Maddison, Atherley, and Co., Southampton. 
 
 Messrs. Cave, Baillie and Co. ( -r>_; i. , 
 
 Messrs. Sir William .Miles, Bart., and Co. ) ^"^'^oi. 
 
 The West of England and South Wales District Bank. 
 
 The Glamorganshire Banking Co., Swansea, &c. 
 
 The Gloucestershire Banking Company. 
 
 The County of Gloucester Bank. 
 
 Messrs. Williams and Co., Chester. 
 
 The Devon and Cornwall Banking Comjiany. 
 
 Messrs. Bolithos, Sons, and Co., Penzance, &c. 
 
 Messrs. Tweedy, Williams, and Co., Tniro, &c. 
 
 Messrs. J. M. Williams and Co., Redruth, etc. 
 
 Messrs. Dinglcy and Co., Lauuceston, etc. 
 
 Jlessrs. Vivian, Grylls, Kendall and Co., Helstou. 
 The Bank of Ireland. "i 
 
 The Royal Bank of Ireland, Dublin. > Ireland. 
 The Northern Banking Company. \ 
 The National Bank of Scotland. ' ~\ 
 
 The Commercial Bank of Scotland. / 
 
 The Union Bank of Scotland. 
 The City of Glasgow Bank. 
 The Clydesdale Bank. \ 
 
 The Aberdeen Town and County Bank. J 
 The Bank of British North America. • 
 
 The Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London, and Cliiuu. 
 The Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China. 
 The Mauritius Commercial Bank. 
 The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. 
 The Standard Bank of British South Africa. 
 The New London and Brazilian Bank. 
 The London and River Plate Bank. 
 The London and San Francisco Bank. ) 
 Mes.srs. Hellman Brothers and Co. [ San Francisco. 
 The Anglo-Californian Bank, Limited.) 
 Messrs. Frederick Huth, Griming and Co., Valparaiso. 
 The Bank of Rotterdam, Rotterdam. 
 The Bank grants Letters of Credit on demand, or Bills, at three or thirty days' sight, upon its Blanche* 
 at the customary rates, on the money bemg deposited. Similar Letters of Credit may be procm-ed from its' 
 Agents in all the principal Towns throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Bank also negotiates, 
 »nd sends for collection. Bills on the Colonies, the terms for which may be obtained on application at its 
 London Office. At its Branches in the Colonies it undertakes all descriptions of Banking and Bichange 
 business. 
 
 Circular Notes are issued by its Branches, in sums of £10, £20, or £00, negotiable by its correspon- 
 ilente in the chief Cities on the Continent of Europe, in North and South America, Ceylon, Mauritius, Indi», 
 China, Japan, and Africa. 
 
 Share Registers are kept at Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Hobait Town, and Launceston, 
 
 and at Christchiu-ch, New Zealand, to any of which English and Colonial Shares can be transfexTed the Bank 
 
 affording every facility to its Proprietors for this purpose. Dividends are paid u-poii receipt of Telegi-aphic 
 advice. 
 
 > Scotland. 
 
 W. J. CRAWFORD, Manager, Adelaide.
 
 Advekt[sements. 
 
 mk 0f ^oittli g^ttstralia^ 
 
 INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1847. 
 
 CAPITAL, £500,000. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE— 54, OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON. 
 
 Court of ^imtors : 
 
 R. J. Brassey, Esq. 
 James Gilchrist, Esq. 
 E. HoMAN. Esq. 
 W. H. Maturin, Esq., C.B, 
 
 W. Richardson, Esq. 
 F. RoBARTs, Esq. 
 Sir R. R. Torrens. 
 W. Walker, Esq, 
 
 J. 0. SuRTEEs, Esq. 
 
 ^tiiritors : 
 J. Balfour, Esq. | 
 
 William Purdy, Esq. 
 
 ADELAIDE ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 ^mpdat anb Colonial panager •• 
 
 W. G. CXJTHBERTSON, ESQ. 
 
 ^oral ^ir«lors : 
 Hon. Sir W. Milne, Pres. L.C. I James Harvey, Esq., J.P. 
 
 Hon. Neville Blyth, Esq., M.P. | Hon. W. Duffield, M.L.C. 
 
 Assistant Manager — Thomas D. Smeaton. Accountant — James Steele. 
 
 BRAN 
 
 Port Adelaide 
 
 Gawler and Manoora 
 
 Robe and Kingston 
 
 MOONTA AND MaITLAND 
 
 Port Victor and Goolwa 
 
 Mount Pleasant AND Gumeracha 
 
 Narracoorte and Penola 
 
 Gladstone, Laura, and Georgetown ... 
 
 Port Pirie . . . 
 
 Kadina 
 
 Port Augusta 
 
 Two Wells ... 
 
 C H E S. 
 
 ... Manar/er—J. Henderson. 
 
 ... Manager — J. Thomley. 
 
 ... Manager — F. D. Hodge. 
 
 ... Manager — J. R. Corpe. 
 
 ... Manager — Henry Hodgson. 
 
 Majiager — T. J. Mitchell. 
 
 Manager — T. N. Wood. 
 
 ... Manager — T. W. Ingram. 
 
 ... Manager — W. H. Ross. 
 
 ... Acting Manager — J. N. Lewis. 
 
 ... Acting Manager — R. Hainiag. 
 Age:tit — F. H. Lewis.
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 INCORPORATED BY 
 
 ACTS OF THE VICTORIAN, SOUTH AUSTRALIAN. AND WEoTERN AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENTS. 
 
 CAPITAL, £1,000,000, 
 
 IN 200,000 SECy^PtES c^S E^^OK. 
 CAPITAL PAID UP - - - - - £750,000. 
 RESERVE FUND ------ £250,000. 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 Hon. William Wilson, M.L.C, 
 
 Chairman. 
 R. Murray Smith, Esq., M.L.A. 
 
 Thomas Smith, Esq. 
 
 Andrew Sutherland, Esq., J. P. 
 
 AUDITORS: 
 W. H. Tucket, Esq. 1 Andrew Burns, Esq. 
 
 SOLICITORS: 
 Messrs. Malleson, England, and Stewart. 
 
 CHIEF MANAGER: 
 Francis Grey Smith, Esq. 
 
 . 39 BRANCHES IN VICTORIA. 
 36 BRANCHES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 [ ADELAIDE LOCAL DIRECTORS: 
 
 Hknry Scott, Esq. 
 E. A. Wright, Esq. 
 
 Hon. Wm. Everard, M.L.C. 
 Hon. H. Kent Hughes, M.L.C. 
 
 Manager — R. G. Wilkinson, Esq. 
 
 WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Perth ] Fremantle | Albany. 
 
 LONDON OFFICE-149, LEADENHALL STREET, E.G. 
 
 X)II2,ECTOE-S : 
 
 J. W. Muttlebury, Esq. | A. Scott, Esq. | Thomas Graves, Esq. 
 Manager — T. M. Harrington, Esq.
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1835. 
 PAID-UP CAPITAL ------ £1,200,000. 
 
 GUARANTEE AND RESERVE FUND - - £230,698. 
 UNDIVIDED PROFITS ----- £151,544. 
 
 London Office — 4, Threadneedle Street, E.G. 
 
 COURT OF DIRECTORS : 
 
 JAMES ALEXANUEK, Jun., Esq. 
 
 SIR JOHN BAYLY DARVALL, K.C.M.G. 
 
 EDWARD W. T. HAMILTON, Esq. 
 
 JAMES HELME, Esq. 
 
 SAMUEL JOSHUA, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Alderman McARTHUR, M.P. 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAM PARBURY, Esq. 
 
 RICHARD PHILPOTT, Esq. 
 
 JOHN SANDERSON, Esq. 
 
 MARTIN RIDLEY SMITH, Esq. 
 
 EDWARD WYLD, Esq. 
 
 ACCOUNTANT : 
 WILLIAM WATERSTON. 
 
 SECRETARY : 
 
 JOHN BADCOCK. 
 
 1 
 
 ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE COLONIES. 
 
 VICTORIA. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, MELBOURNE. 
 
 Superintendent : Edmund Samuel Parkes. 
 
 Inspector of Mew Zealand Branches : Edward Wakefield Morrah 
 (Resident in New Zealand). 
 
 Sub-Inspbctors : John Brown Goulston and Prideaux Selby. 
 
 MELBOURNE : — 75, Collins-street West (Hon. Director, David Charteris McArthur 
 Esq., J.P. ; Manager, Michael EUiott ; Accountant, J. P. Balbimie-Vans. — 188, 
 Elizabeth Street. — Williamstown. — Collingwood. 
 
 1
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 Bairnsdale, 
 
 Ballarat, 
 
 Barry's Reef, 
 
 Beechworth. 
 
 Belfast, 
 
 Blackwood, 
 
 Bertranga, 
 
 Bright, 
 
 SYDNEY, 
 Albury. 
 
 HOWLOXG, 
 
 Victoria — Continued. 
 Bulk Buln (Brandy Kingston, 
 
 Creek), MoE, 
 
 Castlemaine, Moororptjnd, 
 
 Chiltern, Portland, 
 
 Creswick, Rokewood, 
 
 Elaine, Rosedale, 
 
 Geelong, Sale, 
 
 Hamilton, Sandhurst, 
 
 NEViT SOUTH WALES. 
 
 Maitland (West), Muswellbrook, 
 Maitland (East), Narrabri, 
 Morke, Newcastle, 
 
 Sheeparton, 
 
 Smythksdale, 
 
 Talbot, 
 
 Trakaluon, 
 
 Walhalla. 
 
 Warrnambool, 
 
 Wedderburn, 
 
 Yackandandah. 
 
 Tamworth, 
 Wallsend. 
 
 BRISBANE, 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 HOBART TOWN, 
 
 Campbell Town, 
 
 Fingal, 
 
 Ipswich. 
 
 Latrobk, Launcbston. 
 
 ADELAIDE... 
 Aberdeen ... 
 Kooringa ... 
 Port Lincoln 
 
 WELLINGTON, 
 Auckland, 
 Casterton, 
 ( 'hristchurch, 
 Dunedin, 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Manager, Samuel Tomkinson ; Accountant, John B. Anderson. 
 Agent, Edmund A. Jaffrey. 
 Manager, Henry S. Margetts. 
 Manager, George W. Goodhart. 
 
 NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 FoxTON, Martqn, Tanjorb, 
 
 Grahamstown, Masterton, Waipawa. 
 
 Greymouth, Napier, Wanganui, 
 
 KuMARA, Palmerston North, Waverlet. 
 
 AGENTS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 
 
 England.— The North- Western Bank, Liverpool ; The Liverpool Commercial Banking Company ; The Union 
 Bank of Manchester .- The Manchester and County Bank ; The Manchester and Salford Bank ; 
 The Birmingham and Midland Bank ; The Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Banking Com- 
 pany ; Messrs. Samuel Smith and Co., Derby ; Messrs. Samuel Smith and Co., Nottingham ; 
 The Union Banking Company, Coventry ; The York City and County Bank ; The Bradford 
 Banking Company ; The Huddersfield Banking Company ; The Sheffield Banking Company ; 
 Messrs. Samuel Smith, Brothers, and Co., Hull ; Messrs. Lambton aud Co., Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
 Sunderland, oic; Messrs. Jonathan Backhouse and Co., Darlington, &c.; The Cumberland 
 Union Banking Company ; Messrs. Gumeys and Co., Norwich, &c.; Messrs. Alexanders, Haw. 
 and Co., Ipswich, &c,; The London and Provincial Bank ; Messrs, Pares's Leicestershire 
 Banking Company ; The Stamford. Spalding, and Boston Banking Company ; The Worcester 
 City and County Banking Company ; The Gloucestershire Banking Company ; The Wilts and 
 Dorset Banking Company ; The Devon and Cornwall Banking Company ; Messrs. W. T. 
 Weekes and Co., Plymouth ; The London and South- Western Bank ; Mi.«srs. Battern, Came. 
 and Carne, Penzance. 
 
 Scotland.— The Bank of Scotland ; The British Linen Company Bank ; The National Bank of Scotland ; 
 The Caledonian Banking Company. 
 
 Ireland.— The Provincial Bank of Ireland ; The Belfast Banking Company ; The Munster Bank, Cork, &c. 
 
 France.— The Comptoir d'Bscompte de Paris ; Paris. 
 
 Germany.— Messrs. Platho and Wolff, Berlin ; The Deutsche Bank, Berlin, Bremen, etc. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope, Natal, <S:c. — Standard Bank of South Africa. 
 
 India, China, Maurititis, Java, *c. — The Agencies of the Comptoir d'Escompte de Paris ; The Chartered 
 Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China; The Agencies of the Bank of Rotterdam. 
 
 If orth America. —The Bank of Montreal and Branches ; Messrs. Maitland, Phelps, and Co., New York ; The 
 Bank of British Columbia, San Praocisco ; The Anglo-Californian Bank, San Francisco; 
 Nevada Bnnt of San Francisco.
 
 19 
 
 Advektisements. 
 
 lan{t0fllra^0tttliMaI^s 
 
 BST^^BLIStlEnD 1.&VY. 
 
 CAPITAL 
 RESERVE FUND 
 
 £1,000,000. 
 £440,000. 
 
 Head Office-^ydjviey. 
 
 SHEPHERD SMITH, General Manager. t 
 
 LONDON OFFICE-OLD BROAD STREET. 
 
 ADELAIDE OFFICE-KING WILLIAM STREET. 
 
 BRANCHES IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 Parramatta-street, Sydney. 
 
 William-street, Sydnei 
 
 JLdelong 
 
 Glen Innes 
 
 Penrith 
 
 Albttry 
 
 GOULBURN 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Aruidalb 
 
 Graiton 
 
 Scone 
 
 Bathurst 
 
 GULGONG 
 
 Singleton 
 
 Balmain 
 
 GXTNDAGAI 
 
 SOFALA 
 
 Bega 
 
 GUNNEDAH 
 
 St. Leonards 
 
 BOMBALA 
 
 Hay 
 
 Tamworth 
 
 BO0RKE 
 
 Inverell 
 
 Taree 
 
 Braidwood 
 
 Jerilderie 
 
 Tenterfield 
 
 BURROWA 
 
 Liverpool 
 
 TUMUT 
 
 Camden 
 
 Maclean 
 
 Uralla 
 
 COOMA 
 
 Maitland 
 
 Urana 
 
 COONAMBLE 
 
 MOAMA 
 
 Vegetable Creek 
 
 COOTAMTJNDRA 
 
 MORUYA 
 
 Wagga Wagga 
 
 COROWA 
 
 MUDGEE 
 
 Warialda 
 
 Crookwell 
 
 MOREE 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Dbniliquin 
 
 Newcastle 
 
 Windsor 
 
 DUBBO 
 
 Orange 
 
 WoLLONGOWe 
 
 Forbes 
 
 Parramatta 
 
 Young
 
 Advkrtisements. 
 
 11 
 
 BRANCHES IN VICTORIA. 
 
 Ararat 
 
 Ballarat 
 
 Beechworth 
 
 Bbnalla 
 
 Castlbmaine 
 
 Chilteen 
 
 collingwood 
 
 Creswick 
 
 Eaglehawk 
 
 ECHUCA 
 
 Elmore 
 
 FiTZROY 
 
 Flinders 
 Melbourne 
 Geelong 
 Inglewood 
 Kyneton 
 Linton 
 Maldon 
 Malmsbury 
 
 Street, 
 
 Mansfield 
 Melbourne 
 
 OXLEY 
 
 Richmond 
 Rochester 
 St. Arnaud 
 Sandhurst 
 Wangarratta 
 
 WODONGA. 
 
 BRANCHES IN QUEENSLAND. 
 
 Brisbane 
 
 BOWEN 
 
 bundaberg 
 
 Cairns 
 
 Cardwell 
 
 Charters Towers 
 
 cooktown 
 
 Copperfteld 
 
 Fortitude Valley 
 George Town 
 goondiwindi 
 Gympie 
 Ipswich 
 Maryborough 
 Maytown 
 Mount Perry' 
 
 Rockhampton 
 
 Roma 
 
 St. George 
 
 Stanthorpe 
 
 Thornborough 
 
 toowoomba 
 
 townsvilllk 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 BRANCHES IN NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 AUCKLAND DUNSTAN CrEEK LaWRENCE 
 
 Balclutha Fielding Mount Ida 
 
 Black's Geraldine Napier 
 
 Bull's i Grahamstown Nelson 
 
 Carlyle I Greymouth Oamaru 
 
 Charlestown ' Hawera I Timaru 
 Christchurch Hokitika Wanganui 
 
 Cromwell Inverc:argill I Wellington 
 
 Dunedin j Kumaea West Port. 
 
 DUNSTAN I 
 
 Scotland — The Royal Bank of Scotland. 
 
 Bristol and West of England — Stuckey's Banking Company. 
 
 Manchester — Manchester and Liverpool District Bank. 
 
 Liverpool — North and South Wales Bank. 
 
 Birmingham — Birmingham Joint Stock Bank 
 
 Ireland — The National Bank. 
 
 Tasmania — The Commercial Bank of Van Diemen's Land. 
 
 Western Australia — The Western Australian Bank. 
 
 Hamburgh — Messrs. Merck and Co. 
 
 New York — The Banlc of British North America. 
 
 India, China, Ceylon, Mauritius, Singapore, and Batavia— The Chartered Mercantile 
 
 Bank of India, London, and China. 
 Manila — Messrs. Kerr and Co. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope — London and South African Bank. 
 San Francisco — The London and San Francisco Bank. 
 
 The Bank allows Interest on Deposits if lodged for fixed periods, at rates which may be ascertained at its 
 yarioas Offices. 
 
 Collects for its Customers Bividends on Shares in Public Companies, and Interest on Debentures. 
 
 Invests Money on thoir behalf in Colonial Securities or those of Great Britain. 
 
 Issues Drafts and Letters of Credit, and Negotiates Approved B ills, payable at any of the abovenamf d 
 places, and undertakes the Agency of other Banks, on such terms as may be agreed upon. 
 
 EDWARD D. DAY, MANAGER.
 
 12 Advertisements. 
 
 COMPANY. 
 
 ACCUMULATED FUNDS EXCEED THREE 
 MILLIONS STERLING. 
 
 Risks accepted and Claims paid wittiout reference to 
 
 Head Office. 
 
 NO EXTRA CHARGE FOR VOYAGE TO EUROPE. * 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 -»H^ 
 
 LIABILITY UNLIMITED. 
 
 MONEY LENT ON FREEHOLD & SQUATTING SECURITIES. 
 
 HENRY SCOTT, Agent, 
 
 Eagle Chambers, Pirie Street, Adelaide.
 
 Advertisements. 18 
 
 Plmantil^ Jlarke Instiraita Campng 
 
 OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 I INCORPORATED ByXcT OF PrRLTAMENT, 33 VICTORIA. 
 
 SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL, £250,000, 
 
 jl With power to increase to £1,000,000. 
 
 HEAD OFEICE— ADELAIDE, frrenfell Street. 
 
 ; DIRECTORS: 
 
 r Chairman— R. BARR SMITH, Esq. (Me83rs. Elder, Smith, & Co.) 
 
 i SAMUEL CORNISH, Esq. (Messrs. Harrold Brothers). 
 
 ! CHAS. H. T. HART, Esq. (Messrs. John Hart & Co.) 
 
 JAMES HARVEY, Esq. (Director Bank of South Australia). 
 
 WILLIAM KAY, Esq., M.P. (Director Bank of Adelaide). 
 
 I SECRETARY: 
 
 GEO. BOOTHBY, Esq. 
 
 Brancli Office, London, 2 and 3, BircMn Lane. 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 ALEX. LANG ELDER, Esq. | JOSEPH HARROLD, Esq. 
 
 UNDERWRITERS: 
 
 Mesbes. ALEX. MACLEAN & CO. 
 
 AOENOIES: 
 
 BATAVIA Netheblands India Sea & Fibe iKaxrBANci Co, 
 
 BRISBANE R. J. EoEBTON-WAEBirBTON, Esq. 
 
 BOMBAY Messrs. W. Nicol & Co. 
 
 CALCUTTA " Nicol, Flemino, & Co. 
 
 HOBARTTOWN " Webstee, Corbie, & Co. 
 
 MADRAS AND COCHIN " Aspinwall & Co. 
 
 MAURITIUS " ScoTT&Co. 
 
 MELBOURNE " Boyd & Cuebib. 
 
 SINGAPORE " Patteeson, Simons, & Co. 
 
 <avr»ArT7V \ Director— J. B. Watt, Esq. (Messrs. Gilchrist, Watt, & Co. 
 
 ^^^^^^ f Agents— Messrs. W. C. Goddard & Co. 
 
 Policies on Merchandise, Treasure, Hulls, Freights, Pi-ofits, Commissions, &c., &c., are 
 issued hy this Company at current rates of premium to all parts of the World. Claim* 
 for Losses or Averages can he made payable at Head OfBce, or any of the Agencies a« 
 aboTe. 
 
 GEO. BOOTHBY, Secretary. 
 
 Adelaide, 1877-
 
 14 
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 T h: E 
 
 •0ut]^ Australian Insuranrc Co., 
 
 JL. I M I T E D 
 
 CAPITAL, £500,000, IN 50,000 SHARES. 
 RESERVE FUND, £275,000. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE 
 
 98, nm WILLIAM STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 Fire Insurances effected in any part of ttie Colony at Reduced Rates. 
 
 MARINE RISKS TAKEN TO OR FROM ANY PART OF THE WORLD. 
 
 §omh of ^irulors : 
 
 Hon. Sir W. MILNE (President of the Legislative Coiuncil), Chairman 
 
 J. C. VERCO, Esq., J. P., Deputy Chairman. 
 
 Hon. a. hay, M.L.C. | Hon. P. SANTO, M.L.C. 
 
 J. COUNSELL, Esq., J-P- 
 
 R. E. TAPLEY, Secretary. 
 
 I
 
 Advertisements. 16 
 
 Impfpl c^irfl Jnsupnt^ 
 
 I 
 
 I COMPANY, 
 
 I, OLD BROAD STREET, &. 16, PALL MALL, LONDON. 
 
 IIsrSTITTJTED 1803. 
 
 J SUBSCRIBED AND INVESTED CAPITAL AND RESERVE FUND, £2,000,000 
 
 58, COLLINS STREET WEST, MELBOURNE. 
 
 J);^lIj0urjt£ ^oaxln oi gmctors : 
 
 JAMES BLACKWOOD, Esq. I Hon. W. DEGRAVES, M.L.C 
 T. J. NANKIVILL, Esq. | W. A. LYALL, Esq. 
 
 jankers : 
 
 The Union Bank of Australia and the London Chartered Bank of Australia. 
 
 MANAGER— A. J. WRIGHT, Esq. 
 
 Insurances are effected at Current Rates, and Claims are 
 promptly settled in the Colony upon Proof of Loss. 
 
 Agencies in all the Australian Colonies and lew Zealand. 
 
 
 ADELAIDE.
 
 16 Advertisements. 
 
 FIRE AND MARINE RISKS TAKEN AT CURRENT RATES. 
 
 Gruarantee Insurances effected, and portions of Profits returned. 
 
 LIFE ASSURANCES GRANTED AT RATES TO SUIT EVERY CONDITION OF LIFE. 
 Loans at Eight per Cent.j combined with Life Assurance, are granted by the Company on 
 
 approved Personal Security. 
 
 FRANCIS CLARK & SONS, Grenfell Street, 
 
 J. GILBERT BOOTH BY, 
 
 Central C'Ommissioit %^tul S^ip ^ |nsnrana ^rate, 
 
 ALFRED CHAMBERS, CURRIE ST., 
 
 ADELAIDE, S. A. 
 
 K. ST. BARBE-MILLER, 
 
 LICENSED LAND BROKER, 
 
 Loan, Estate, and (xeneral Commission Agent, 
 
 €URRIB 6TKSBT, ADELAIDE. 
 
 Queen's Chambers (adjacent to the Town Hall), Pirie St., 
 
 LICENSED LAND BROKER, 
 
 LAND AND ESTATE AGENT, 
 
 For Proprietors resident or non-resident in the Colony. 
 
 Land tioii^lit at Government or other Auction Sales. Sections taken for Selectors on Credit. Money 
 Lent on Mort;,'.a?c of Freehold Property at favorable races of interest. All transactions under Tonens's Act 
 undertaken arnt accomplished by him as a Licensed Land Broker, at Char<res fixed by the Real Property Act. 
 Advances made on Wool and other Produce intended for shipment to England. Agent for the American 
 Type Writer. _____________________^^__— ^ 
 
 CORRESPONDING AGENTS IN LONDON, MELBOURNE, SYDNEY, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, AND NEW YORK.
 
 Advertisements. 17 
 
 WILLIAM S. DOUGLAS, 
 
 (LATE MANAGER BANK OF 8.A. ADELAIDE) 
 
 Insurance Chamber^, Pirie ^treet, 
 
 LICENSED LAND BROKER. 
 LOANS NEGOTIATED ON FREEHOLD & STATION PROPERTIES, Ac. 
 
 (FROM /loo TO /2o,ooo). 
 
 SHARES BOUGHT AND S01.D. 
 
 AUDITOR, ACCOUNTANT, AND VALUATOR. 
 
 Office Hours— 10 to 5; Saturdays, 10 to 1. 
 
 E. P. MEREDITH, 
 
 1, EEGISTER CHAMBERS, ADELAIDE. 
 
 AGENT FOR ABSENTEES AND OTHERS. 
 
 LAND, LOAI, AID INSITEANCE A&ENT. 
 
 Representative of 
 
 THE BRITANNIA FIRE ASSOCIATION; and 
 
 THE BRITON LIFE ASSOCIATION 
 b
 
 18 Advertisements. 
 
 W. GORDON & Co., 
 
 SALESMEN, 
 
 WOOL, HIDE, SKIN, 
 
 AND 
 
 TALLOW BROKERS, 
 
 GRENFELL STREET, 
 
 FAT CATTLE AND FAT SHEEP 
 
 HELD EVERY WEDNESDAY 
 
 AT THE 
 
 ADEiAIBE eATTLE & SHEEP R8A1ICET.
 
 Advertisements. 10 
 
 PIZEY & REED 
 
 (LATE BAYNTON & PIZEY), 
 
 LICENSED BROKERS UNDER THE REAL PROPERTY ACT, 
 
 WATERHOUSE CHAMBERS, 
 
 CORNER OF KING WILLIAM AND RUNDLE STREETS. 
 
 Poittg to 'S^ntf ott ^origagc. Q9o&£mmettt Sections pnrcljastb on €xthit. 
 
 LOANS NEGOTIATED. 
 
 ALL BUSINESS UNDER THE REAL PROPERTY ACT CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SCALE. 
 
 SALES OF LANDED PROPERTIES CONDUCTED BY AUCTION 
 OR PRIVATE CONTRACT. 
 
 Rents, InterestSj and Accounts Collected. Valuations Conducted. 
 
 GEO. W. SMITH 
 
 AND 
 
 COMMISSION AGENT. 
 
 REAL PEOPERTY ACT BUSINESS TRANSACTED. 
 
 LIPSON STREET, 
 
 PORT ADELAIDE.
 
 20 Advkrtisemknts. 
 
 HARVEY & FENN, 
 
 (ARTHUR Y. HARVEY & THOMAS G. FENN), 
 
 GENERAL AGENTS AND ACCOUNTANTS, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 Agricultural, Mineral, and Pastoral Lands purchased from G-overnment, or otherwise. 
 
 Mortgages, Transfers, Leases, and all documents under Real Property Act prepared. 
 
 Loans arranged ; Reference — Bank of Australasia. 
 
 LICENSED LAND BROKER, 
 
 LIPSON STREET, PORT ADELAIDE. 
 
 EVERY DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS TRANSACTED UNDER REAL PROPERTY ACT. 
 
 ALFRED CHARLES EVANS, . 
 
 UCEHSEG LAHB BBOKHH 
 
 AND 
 
 ESTATE AGENT, 
 ST. ^/"IISrOElTT STREET, 
 
 PORT ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 .MONEY ADVANCED ON FREEHOLDS. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS SECURITIES OBTAINED FOR INVESTORS. 
 
 PURCHASERS' TITLF.S OBTAINED. 
 IVIOIITGA.GES, LK^SEtf, & DISCH^R&EJS PREPAKED. 
 
 PROPERTIES BROUGHT UNDER THE REAL PROPERTY ACT. 
 
 C3- O "V E "R, IT lyC E asr T Xj -A. IT D S -A. L E S .A. T T E I>r X) E X) .
 
 Advkrtisements. 
 
 21 
 
 GEOKGE LAUaHTOI^, 
 
 KING WILLIAM STREET 
 
 (Next new Bank of South Australia). 
 
 SALES OF HIDES, SHEEPSKINS, &c., HELD EVERY TUESDAY, THURSDAY, AND 
 SATURDAY, AT THE HIDE AND SKIN MARKET. 
 
 Account Sales and Cash Payments rendered promptly. Cash Advances if required. 
 
 AUCTIONEER, 
 
 Sales held every Wednesday, at 12 o'clock, at the Pig and Calf Market. 
 
 VICTORIA SQUARE, ADELAIDE, 
 
 AUCTIONEER, 
 LAND BROKER & ESTATE AGENT. 
 
 MONEY TO LEND ON FREEHOLDS. 
 
 ^V. WA^DIIA.M &; CO., 
 
 MauBt, ll'anb, antr Estate ^amtu, 
 
 AUCTIONEERS AND VALUATORS, 
 
 Licensed Surveyors and Licensed Brokers under the Real Property Act. 
 
 XjOA.1TS 1TE(3-0TI-A.TEX). 
 
 Land subdivided for Townships and Surveys made in any part of the Colony. Plans 
 prepared for the Real Property Office. 
 
 Government Sales attended, and money always available for immediate use. Business 
 transacted without the necessity of principals coming to Adelaide. 
 
 OFFICES-KING WILLIAM STREET, ADELAIDE.
 
 Advertise M^EiNTTS 
 
 WILLIAM DEAN, 
 
 Ml, citation, f CommMon ^^mi, 
 
 65, KING WILLIAM STREET, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 Fat and Store Cattle Sales held at his Yards, Stepney. 
 
 Sales of Cattle, Sheep, Calves, and Pigs, held every 
 Wednesday at the Corporation Yards. 
 
 Sales of Horses held at the Sturt Yards, Grenfell Street. 
 
 Stock and Station Sales negotiated privately. 
 
 Rams, bred by most of the principal Breeders, for Sale. 
 
 Account Sales promptly rendered with cash settlements. 
 
 E. M. BAGOT, 
 
 CATTLE & COMMISSION AGENT, 
 ^tfft[li and ^tatijjtt ^al^smaii, 
 
 GRESHAM STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 SA LBS OF FA T CA TTLE 
 Held every MOMDAY at the MILE END YARDS. 
 
 SALES OF FA T SHEEP 
 
 Held every WEDNESDAY at the ADELAIDE SHEEP MARKET. 
 Sales of Store Sheep and Cattle Negotiated.
 
 Advertisements. 23 
 
 rOWNSEND, BOTTING,&CO, 
 
 'A 3D g> ili ^ ^ ^ ^ ii^ ty 
 LAND, HOUSE, 
 
 AND 
 
 GENERAL COMMISSION AGENTS, 
 
 KING WILLIAM STEEET, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 Sales attended to in all parts of the 
 
 Colony.
 
 -4 Adveutiskmknts. 
 
 HENRY NOLTENIUS & CO., 
 
 75, KING WILLIAM STREET, 
 
 AND 
 
 Foreign Wines, Spirits, Ales, ^ 
 and Porter. 
 
 "/ WINNER OF 
 
 ; IN ; 
 I 18 7 1. - 
 
 T. JOHNSON, 
 
 WAS AWARDED j 
 
 ALL 
 
 ; 18 7 2. 
 S.A. Great Anniml Show. S. A. Grand Anniml Show 
 
 Imprto of §00ts atilr ^^ot$, 
 
 LEATHERWARE, &c., 
 
 AND PROPRIETOR OF 
 
 PAHTHEOH BOOT FACTOHY, 
 
 KING WILLIAM STREET, 
 
 ADELAIDE, S.A. 
 
 Buyers can be supplied with any quantity at the shortest notice.
 
 Advektjsemkn'i s. 
 
 26 
 
 TREWS 
 
 GLOBE HOTEL, 
 
 RUNDLE STREET, 
 
 This Hotel, situated in the most central portion of Adelaide, has during the last Twelve 
 
 Months been 
 
 And is now second to none in the Colony. There are several 
 
 SUITES OF ROOMS FOR PRIVATE FAMILIES, 
 
 And the 
 
 Attached to the Hotel, is the finest in Adelaide, and contains THREE splendid Tables, 
 and superintended by the CHAMPION PLAYER of AUSTRALIA. 
 
 THE STABILES 
 
 Are large and well ventilated, and particular attention is given to this part of the 
 Establishment. 
 
 THE OYSTER SALOON, IN STEPHENS' PLACE, 
 
 Is always open, where the Port Lincoln and Sydney Rocks may be obtained when in 
 
 Season.
 
 I5ti AuVKHTISEMENTf? 
 
 BLACK BULL HOTEL, 
 
 HINDLEY STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 Comfortable Accommodation, combined with Moderate Charges for 
 Travellers, Persons, or Families visiting the City. 
 
 THK JJSTJA.TL. OK-DIIsr^s^^RY A.T 1 O'CLOCK DAILY. 
 
 JAM:E8 HAMILTON FA.RR, 
 
 AUCTIONEER, 
 VALUER, COMMISSION, AND ESTATE AGENT, 
 
 oo:m::m:bi^oi.^l. BXiiLiDiiTa-s, 
 
 CURRIE STREET. 
 
 SOVTHEEN CROSS HOTEL, 
 
 52, KING WILLIAM STREET, 
 
 ■&mm 
 
 ja»^ .ffi, seaa. 
 
 W. EGBERT MORTON, 
 
 PROPRIETOR. 
 
 The only Hotel in South Australia Closed wholly on Sundays is 
 
 MORTON'S SOUTHERN GROSS 
 
 (Which dates from July 12th, 1874), 
 
 52, KING WILLIAM STREET.
 
 Advektisements. 
 
 27 
 
 WELLINGTON INN, 
 
 CORNER OF 
 
 OURRIfc AND LBxIGH STREETS, 
 
 -^r)ETL..A.ir)E. 
 
 FREDERICK ANDERSON, Proprietor, 
 
 BEST WINES, SPIRITS, CI&AB,S, &c. 
 GOOD AIRY BED AND SITTING ROOMS. 
 
 Large Saloon for Lodges and Public or Private Meetings. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS STABLING, EXPERIENCED GROOM, &c. 
 Hay, Chaff, Bran, Oats, &c., on Sale. 
 
 THE LIOIT BEEWEEY, 
 
 NORTH ADELAIDE. 
 
 l@iIST 
 
 Of theii- Celebrated 
 
 X, XX, AND XXX, 
 
 W. R. MORTON'S SOUTHERN CROSS HOTEL. 
 
 P ^c" 
 
 
 301;^ at 
 
 W^AKE FIELD ST REET. 
 
 Smith's Celebrated Kent Tov/n Ale and I.O.T. Stout. 
 
 M. J. LEONARD, Proprietor.
 
 28 
 
 Advkktisements. 
 
 PIONEER 
 
 WORKS. 
 
 J. S. BAGSHAW & SON, 
 
 MAKERS OF 
 
 fiiii fjiiiswii© Myelins, 
 
 HORSE WORKS, BARN SCREENS, AND 
 
 STEEL MOUTH THREE-KNIFE CHAFFCUTTERS, 
 
 1 & 2 HORSE CORNCRUSHERS, 
 
 AND 
 
 CHAFFCUTTERS AND KNIVES ALWAYS ON HAND. 
 
 F. A. KLEEMAN, 
 
 CARVER AND GILDER, 
 
 pktutt-Jiranit Hit^ foof.ing-§lass Paiinfattam, 
 
 140, BUNDLE STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 Importer of Mouldings in Gilt, Black and Brown Maple and Rosewood, and Picture 
 
 and Window Glass. 
 
 F. ARMBRU8TER & UHLMANN, 
 |0ksale an& §ttml iokri:0nists, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF THE BEST HAVANNA CIGARS, 
 
 RUNDLE STREET, NOS. 9 & 135.
 
 Advertisements. 09 
 
 JOHN F. PASCOE, 
 oEIjolesale antr §letail ^xnlkxtx, 
 
 EAST END MARKET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 Fruit, Vegetables, Produce of all kinds. Fruit Trees and 
 
 Plants of every description forwarded to all parts of the 
 
 Colony on the shortest notice. 
 
 DAILY DELIVERY TOWN & SUBURBS. 
 
 STOEES, HOTELS, AM EAMILIES SUPPLIED RE&ULARLT 
 OU FAYOEABLE TEEMS. 
 
 FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES EVERY DAY. 
 
 e. p. HARRIS, SCARFE, & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE IRONMONGERS, 
 
 IRON MERCHANTS 
 
 AND 
 
 GENEKAL IMPORTEES, 
 
 Qawi.ef( Place, Adelaide.
 
 30 ADVEirnSEMENTS. 
 
 CHAMBERS & BLADES, 
 
 DRAGON BREWERY, 
 
 SOXJTH: TERR^f^OE, 
 
 Awarded First Prizes tor their 
 XXX ALE, BOTTLED ALE, & COLONIAL MADE MALT, 
 
 .A.T THE .A-lNr3<rTJ.A.L EXIIIIBITIOIT. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN 
 
 oo]\j:PA^isrY 
 
 OFFICE: NORTH TERRACE, ADELAI Dl 
 
 goarb oi %Wxa : 
 
 WILLIAM BARTLEY, Esq. ( SAMUEL DAVENPORT, Esq. 
 
 J. W. BAKEWELL, Esq. 
 
 BANK OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Solkilors : 
 
 Messrs. SYMON & BAKEWELL, 
 
 Iflanagtr : 
 
 W. J. BRIND, Esq.
 
 Adtertisement!?. 
 
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 32 
 
 Advertisements 
 
 E. T SMITH, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 '' One of the Largest and Most Complete 
 Breweries in the AustraHan Colonies." — 
 
 Adelaide News. 
 
 M. C DAVIES, 
 IMPORTER & COMMISSION AGENT, 
 
 G^IIENFELL STREET, 
 
 GENERAL AGENCIES CONDUCTED AND INDENTS TAKEN FOR 
 ALL DESCRIPTION OF GOODS 
 
 FRO.M 
 
 Europe, f mtrica, antr t\^t (Bixst, Pretoria, guto i^alanD, 
 anb iht otbcr ^iistraliait Colnmcs. 
 
 Always in Stock. Orders taken for any Quantity and Sizes, and executed with Dispatch.
 
 Advertisemknts. 
 
 33 
 
 PIER HOTEL, GLENELG. 
 
 H. MOSELEY, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 h: 
 
 IvI O S E X., E "Y 
 
 Begs respectfully to inform his numerous Iricnds and the public in general, that this old-established house 
 has undergone considerable alterations and improvements and intending visitors to the Bay will find it 
 
 replete with every comfort. 
 
 The Adelaide and Glenelg Eailvsray Trains, arriving and departing almost hourly— from 
 6.30 a.m. to 10.30 p.m. — is of immense convenience to visitors. 
 
 LARGE COFFEE AND DINING ROOMS. PRIVATE PARLORS AND WELL-VENTILATED 
 BEDROOMS. DRAWING, DRESSING, AND BEDROOMS EN SUITE. 
 
 NEW BILLIARD ROOM. Two very Superior Slate Tables, by Alcock. 
 
 The Jetty at the entrance of the Hotel, and the SEA WALL forms a fine PROMENADE in front, above 
 the Beach, which for extent and firmness offers all the attraction desired by visitors to the seaside. 
 
 .Steam ITauntljES, ^^atbts, anb IPuUing floats for jjlcasuxj anb pitnic jjartics, albags afjailablc. 
 
 Tariff of Charges, per post or telegram, from 
 
 H. MOSELEY. PIER HOTEL. 
 
 in) 
 
 H. M. RICE, 
 
 GRENFELL STREET. 
 
 d 
 
 BEST ACCOMMODATION FOR BOARDERS. 
 
 'ii» MB Mimm m tim mm mkUTJ. 
 
 ORDINARY DAILY AT 1 O'CLOCK. 
 
 iiOT OK, COI^D iiATHS jf^LAV"A.YS AT HAND. 
 C
 
 34: Advektisements. 
 
 THOMA.8 FAX, 
 
 (LEATHER SALESMAN FOR THE HOUSE OF PEACOCK 
 AND SON, GRENFELL STREET TANYARD); 
 
 IMPORTER OF GRINDERY AND SHOEMAKERS' IRONMONGERY, 
 
 LEIGH STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 The Trade supplied on liberal terms. Observe— The Beehive. Established 1840. 
 
 IRREFRAGABLE 
 
 Evidences of Success in any business will invariably present themselves where a large trade is carried ou, 
 such for instance as there has been for many years at the Glasgow House. The proprietors of that splendid 
 Clothing and Outfitting Emporium confine themselves exclusively to the Sale and Manufacture of Men's, 
 Youths' and Boys' Clothing and Outfittings, and the Stock of Clothing of every description to be found there 
 is something astounding. Both upstairs and downstairs the only thing that meets the eye in every 
 
 direction is 
 
 CLOTKIN^G ! CLOTHINGS ! CLOTJEIIT^Gh ! 
 
 A Splendid Assortment of Shirts, Scarfs, Braces, Tweeds, and Doeskins, Blankets, Bush Rugs, Hosiery, 
 Carpet Bags, Portmanteaus, Collars, &c., &c., 
 
 G. & W. SH I ERLAW, 
 
 GLASGO^A/ HOUSE 11, HINDLEY STREET. 
 
 N.B. — The Tailoring Department is under the able management of our MR. J. C'RAia SHIERLA.W. Spaciom 
 Fitting Rooms ; and a Suit made to order at Six Hours' Notice. 
 
 RICHARD ALLEN, Jun., 
 
 AND 
 
 GENEEAL COMMISSION A&ENT, 
 Alfred Chambers, C urrie Street, Adelaide. 
 
 jroHiisr b:. i^.^iijTES, 
 
 IMPORTER, COMMISSION AGENT, AND WINE 
 
 AND SPIRIT MERCHANT, 
 
 15, CURRIi: STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 I» 3FE. O -V I S' S 
 
 GnL..A.I^B HTOTEL, GL-^T^El. 
 
 SUPERIOR ACCOMMODATION. LOFTY WELL- VENTILATED BEDROOMS, BATH, BILLIARDS. 
 BEST BS,.A.3iTIiS I2Sr -WIITES, SS'IORITS, -A.X.ES, 8sC
 
 Advertisements, 35 
 
 DAKCINQ, DEPOT^TJVIENT, 
 
 CALISTHENICS, AND HYGIENIC EXERCISES. 
 
 Mr. E. J. WIVELL, 
 
 EAST TERRACE, ADELAIDE. 
 
 JUST PUBLISHED, 
 
 New Quadrille " PRINCE IMPERIAL", music by J. STRAUSS, dance with explanation 
 
 to each figure carefully compiled and ananged for dancing by E. J. WIVELL, Price 
 
 4s. 6d., to be had of all IMusicsellers. 
 
 Mr. WIVELLS'S BALL ROOM COMPANION and Pupils Self Help, Price is., can 
 b e obtained at the Academie and through the principal Booksellers. 
 
 MELBOURNE PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPANY, 
 
 TO His EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR AND H.M'S. SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT, 
 16, 18, & 20, RUNDLE STREET, 
 
 In all the various Branches of the Art. 
 
 CARTE DE VISITES FROM 10/6 PER DOZEN. 
 
 Out-door Photography executed with Dispatch in the Best Style. Inspection in\ated. 
 
 G. FREEMAN, Manager. 
 
 THE ONLY PICTURE GALLERY IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 
 
 BY BRITISH J^NT) COLON^IAIj .^KXISTS. 
 
 NOW OPEN FROM 10 TILL 4. 
 
 EAST TERRACE, NEAR THE BOTANIC GARDENS, 
 
 CLASSES FOR DRAWING 8c PAINTING-
 
 86 
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM'S 
 
 NEW IMPORTATIONS 
 
 EXPRESSLY FOR 187 8, 
 Are now Unpacked and on View. 
 
 All the Latest Novelties of the Season, 
 
 AGENTS FOR THE SILICATED CARBON EILTERS. ALL SIZES 
 
 KhPT IN STOCK.
 
 Advertisements. 37 
 
 JOHN WEBSTER & CO, 
 
 King William Street, Adelaide, 
 
 MERCHANTS 
 
 AND 
 
 COMMISSION AG-ENTS. 
 
 Advances made on Colonial Produce Consigned to their 
 Agent in London. 
 
 WM. KING, Jun., & Co., 
 
 PIRIE STREET, ADELAIDE, 
 
 O'CONNELL STREET, NORTH ADELAIDE, 
 
 DIVITT STREET, PORT ADELAIDE. 
 
 Baltic Deals, Oregon, Sydney, and Singapore Cedar, Kauri, 
 Huon, and American Pine, Jarrah, Blackwood, Red Gum 
 Flooring Boards, Spokes, Felloes, Laths, Posts and Rails, 
 Palings, Stringy Bark, Cement, Plaster, Chimney-pieces, 
 &c., Doors and Windows, and all kinds of Joinery made to 
 order ; Boxes, Galvanized Iron, Guttering, Ridgecapping, 
 Screws, Nails, Zinc, Hoop Iron, &c. 
 
 SAW^IlSra DOIsTE FOR THE TRADE. 
 
 Special Prices given for Buildings, and Building Materials.
 
 38 Advektisemejsts. 
 
 THE CITY BATHS, 
 
 KING WILLIAM ROAD, 
 
 ADELAIDE, 
 
 THE TURKISH BATHS 
 
 Under the distinguished patronage of 
 
 psfeellmcw S^^^^^ S. |. Maj), €sq., 
 
 And the leading Physicians of the Colony. 
 O^-EIT IDJ^XTjir IFHOnVC lO -A-.DVi:. TILXi 6 IP.l^. 
 
 LADIES' DAY EVERY THURSDAY. 
 
 Charges — Yearly ticket, ^lo ; Half-yearly tickets, _;^5 ; Quarterly tickets, £i ; a course 
 
 of Six Baths, ^^i is ; Single Bath, 5s. 
 
 SWIMMING AND WARM BATH 
 
 OPEN in Summer Montlis DAILY from 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. ; Winter Months from 
 
 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. 
 
 Charges — ist Class Swimming Bath, 6d. ; 2nd Class Swimming Bath, 3d. 
 
 Warm Bath, is. ; Yearly tickets, ^^4. 
 
 SWIMMING SCHOOL. 
 
 BOYS' CLASS — jNIondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. 
 
 Swimming Master's Fee, £2 2s. 
 
 Private Lessons in Swimming by special arrangement. 
 
 T. BASTARD, Swimming Master by appointment, 
 
 P. S. BASTARD, Manager. 
 
 J
 
 Advertisements. 89 
 
 W. PEACOCK & SON, 
 
 GRENFELL STREET, 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 W. PEACOCK & SON, 
 
 TANNERS, 
 
 W00L8TAPLER8 & FELLM0NGER8, 
 
 Grenfell Street East, Adelaide, 
 
 WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS, 
 
 Grenfell Street, Adelaide. 
 
 CURRIE S TREET FOUNDRY. 
 SAMUEL STEAPPS, 
 
 ADELAIDE.
 
 40 Advertisements, 
 
 J. ^V O O D M A N, 
 
 EiiLiSH mw FmEim piam©f®btes, 
 
 HARMONIUMS, AND CABINET ORGANS, 
 
 3 4^ R U N D l_ E STREET, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 A Large Stock of the Newest Music always on Hand. 
 
 GOODE BROTHERS, 
 
 (Near King William Street), 
 
 ADELAIDE; 
 
 And 24, COLEMAN STREET, LONDON. 
 
 HENDEESON & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE AND EXPORT 
 
 s T E -^ iv: 
 
 The Largest Assortment in South Australia, including 
 Liquorice, Pink Jujubes, Crystallized Jujubes, Gelatines, Sugar 
 Candy, Scotch Mixtures, Burnt Almonds, Scotch Carvies, Musk 
 Rose, Ginger, Cayenne, Peppermint, Conversation Lozenges in 
 German Mottoes ; also our celebrated Cough Lozenges. 
 
 The Oldest Established Wholesale Confectioners in South Australia. 
 
 l-4rS, I^XJIsTDLE STI^EET 
 
 OPPOSITE FITCH'S CORNER, 
 
 TWO DOORB FROM THE PULTENEy STREET NORWOOD 'BUB STAND,
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 41 
 
 BIRKENHEAD SLIP, 
 
 Shipwrights' Yard & Steam Saw Miils, 
 
 LEFEVRE PENINSULA. 
 
 Estimates g-iven or Contracts taken for all Repairs to Shipping", executed 
 
 by first-class artificers. 
 
 THOMAS CRUICKSHANK, Proprietor. 
 
 HARROLD BROTHERS, 
 
 AGENTS FOR 
 
 THE ADELAIDE LINE 
 
 OF 
 
 ^MWW: 
 
 ■a i? 
 
 TO AND FROM 
 
 ll,0:tTI301T
 
 Advert isEMEiVTS 
 
 DAVID VIRGO, 
 
 DRAYS, WAGONS, MACHINES, AND ALL KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS MADE 
 
 TO ORDER. 
 
 HORSES CAREFULLY SHOD. 
 
 WHOLESALE SADDLEES 
 
 AND 
 
 SADDLERS' IRONMONGERS, 
 
 117, HINDLEY STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF SADDLES& HARNESS, 
 
 ROPE AND LEATHER MERCHANTS. 
 
 IMPIOHTERS OF 
 
 Saddlery & Saddlers' Ironmongery, &c., &c., &c.
 
 Advertisements. 43 
 
 W. JAMES, 
 
 CRYSTAL BROOK. 
 
 A GOOD SUPPLY OF BUILDING MATERIALS ALWAYS 
 
 ON HAND. 
 
 HAS ALSO FOR SALE 
 
 y^. D. ALLOTT, 
 
 CHEMIST Am GHHGGIST. 
 
 Importer of Drugs, Patent Medicines, Perfumery, , and Homoeopathic 
 Medicines of all kinds, 
 
 I34-, RUNHLE STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 HORSE AND CATTLE MEDICINES, LEECHES, &c. 
 
 JAMES SCOTT & SONS, 
 
 XROH MeiRCHAHTS& JMPORTEIRS 
 
 Of ENGLISH, AMERICAN^ AND CONTINENTAL HARDWARE, 
 
 X38, E-TJIsTUXjE SOTIiEET, -A.IDEIi.A.IlDE. 
 
 #£neral Commission gt^ixljaitt, Sljip anb Insitrartt^ ^g^ixt, 
 
 ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 AGENT for the SALE of JAKRAH JABRAH, delivered direct from the extensive works of the Westerm 
 Australian Company, Limited, W.A.
 
 44 
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 IRWIN & MILLER'S 
 
 STEAM-MADE 
 
 Received First Prize at the February Show, 1876, the Judges' remarks being 
 — "A capital lot of Confectionery, well worthy the Society's certificate." 
 We guarantee all goods made by us free from adulteration, and all colors 
 harmless. ............-.^^^^^ 
 
 WAYMOUTH STREET, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 R. S. CRABB, 
 
 NO. 224, HINDLEY STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 Patronised by their Excellencies Sir H. E. F. Young, Sir R. G. Macdonnell, Sir Dominick 
 Daly J and Sir James Fergusson. 
 
 Late Veterinaiy Sm-geon to the Telegraph, Waterworks, aud Police Departments, without tendering ; 
 Fourteen years Veterinary Siugeon to the Government Survey Department ; also, Inspecting Veterinary 
 Surgeon to the Mutual Cattle Insurance Association previous to leaving England. 
 
 R. S. C. again retmiis his sincere thanks for the liberal support he has received during the Twenty-seven 
 jears he has been in the Colony, and hopes, by strict attention to his profession, to retain a share ol public 
 patronage and support. 
 
 K. & W. HACKETT, 
 
 AND 
 
 CORN MERCHANTS, 
 
 73, RUNDLE STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 i
 
 Advertisements. 
 
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 46 Advertisements. 
 
 
 TO W 00 LG ROWERS, EXPLORERS, & OTHERS. 
 
 JOSEPfTALLEN, 
 
 ©pi & ilatipttim p:akr, 
 
 #K Sak at 
 
 MODERATE PRICES, 
 
 A LAKQE ASSOETMENT OF 
 ALSO, 
 
 AMERICAN DUCK & DUNDEE 
 
 CANVAS, 
 
 OF ALL NUMBERS, IN BOLT OR CUT, 
 risMng Tackle of all descriptions always on hand. 
 
 Diners Executed with Dispatch.
 
 Advertisemknts. 
 
 fOf London, Meloburne, and Sydney) 
 
 IMPORTER OF BOOKS & STATIONERY, 
 
 Receives large and valuable supplies of all the New and Popular Publications by every 
 Mail, and by ships and steamers direct from London, and via Melbourne. 
 
 Institutes, Reading Clubs, & Book Societies Supplied on the most 
 
 Liberal Terms. 
 
 PRICE LIST FREE ON APPLICATION. A COMPLETE CATALOGUE, PRICE 18. POST, 18. 8d. 
 
 ALL BOOKiS AT FXJBLISHEID FRICKS. 
 
 GEORGE ROBERTSON, 
 
 103, KiiisrG- ^a7-ijljLi.a.:m: st2^e.bt 
 
 (Opposite the Town Hail). 
 
 WM. MORGAN &. CO., 
 
 AND IMPORTERS, 
 
 WHOLESALE GKOCEES 
 
 PROVISION MERCHANTS, 
 
 GTJRI^IE STREET, .A.IDEL.^IDE, 
 DIVETT STREET, PORT ADELAIDE.
 
 48 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTg. 
 
 T. BAI LANTYNE, 
 
 FAMILY BUTCHER, 
 
 Jim iflllf, AllMIlll M 
 
 \m^£^£^Wi& 
 
 T. B. wishes to apprise the residents of Glenelg that he 
 
 has OPENED a BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT at St. 
 
 Leonards, and his carts will call for orders daily. 
 
 ONLY THE PRIMES! QUALITY OF BEEF, MUTTON, PORK, VEAL, &c. 
 
 (Late A. MACGEORGE & Co.), 
 
 €mxt Hiib CImal Caita; J^nittx, m\h §mtx^\ §ntMtx, 
 40, KING WILLIAM STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 By Appointment to H.T(.H. the Duke of £Jdinburqh. 
 
 JOHN W. DAVIS, 
 
 (tOLD and silversmith, Sec, 
 
 D. SCHMIDT, 
 
 n.BMn&MM'B^ mmBMWM'^1^^^ mm^mmiww^ a^0'5
 
 Advertisemknts. 49 
 
 GEORGE SARGENT, 
 
 FAMILY BUTCHER, 
 
 it) ej , .A.i. .A. .a XJ iLxJZx X Ox x\. Jo Jcj i- . 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 FAMILIES WAITED ON DAILY FOR ORDERS. 
 
 istoistk; but thh; fj^iiveest jvikax sxjpplied. 
 
 'W. C. BUIK &Co., 
 
 funeral ^irnisljing IHawrooms, 
 
 47 & 49, RUNDLE STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1849. 
 
 Furniture, Mattresses, Bedsteads, Cutlery, Ironmongery, China, 
 Glassware, Earthenware, Lamps, Chandeliers, Fancy Goods, 
 
 SEWING MACHINES BY ALL THE BEST MAKERS. 
 
 WHOLESALE & RETAIL AT THE LOWEST PRICES. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED FURNISHING PRICE LISTS POST FREE. 
 Town and Country Orders carefully Executed, Packed, and Forwarded to all 
 
 parts of the Colony. 
 
 ^.'V. -0ur ^ountnj Sriends will find it to their advantage to 
 in'^vect our Stoch iefore rnoJcing purchases elsewhere. 
 
 W. C BUIK & Co. 
 d
 
 u^G 
 
 AdVKRTISEM K.N'JS. 
 
 F. & 8. SACH, 
 
 ilSillG I 
 
 d: ft 
 
 \0)%: 
 
 AND 
 
 ENERAL 
 
 M 
 
 ERCHANTS, 
 
 54, RUNDLE STREET, & RUNDLE PLACE, 
 
 u/x xj !d jLj .2a. 3.. jj/ 3Zi . 
 
 JNO. DARLING & SON, 
 
 ADELAIDE AND PORT, 
 
 AND ALL PRINCIPAL OUTPORTS, 
 
 ^OUTH Au^T^jKUA.
 
 Adv^kutiiskments. '>l 
 
 cv 
 
 EMIGRATION TO ABELAIDE. 
 
 NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that— 
 
 1 . Persons approved by the Emigration Agent in England, and paying 
 the WHOLE COST of their passages, and proceeding in any private ship direct 
 from Europe to South Australia, are entitled to receive land-order 
 WARRANTS, exchangeable on their arrival in the colony for Land-Orders of 
 the value of £io for every adult above 12 years of age, £ \o for every child 
 between the ages of One and Twelve years. 
 
 2. Persons are eligible for assisted passages subject to the payments 
 as under : — 
 
 For Males or Females under 12 years of age . . • • / 3 
 
 For Males or Females over 12 and under 40 years of age . . + 
 
 For Males or Females over 40 and under 50. years of age . . 8 
 Infants under i 2 months, Free. 
 
 3. Domestic Servants, Agriculiural Laborers, Artisans, and 
 others will be selected by the Emigration Agent in London for Free 
 Passages until further notice. 
 
 4. Persons Resident in the Colony desirous of Nominating their 
 Friends in Europe can obtain from the Crown Lands and Immigration 
 Office at Adelaide passage certificates for emigrants of either of the above 
 classes. 
 
 5. Free Passages for Nominated EriiioRANTS. — Nominations^ for 
 Free Passages of the Friends of Residents in South Australia will be 
 received by the Honorable the Commissioner of Crown Lantls, and the 
 persons nominated will (if eligible) receive a Free Passage from the United 
 Kingdom to this Province. 
 
 Forms of application and full information can be obtainetl at the Oflice 
 of Sir Arthur Bl3th, K.C.I\LG., Emigration Agent for the Government of 
 South Australia, 8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, London, S.W. 
 
 THOMAS PLA.YFORD, 
 
 Comniiss':oner of Crown Lands and Immigration. 
 
 Crown Lands and Immigration Oifice, 
 Adelaide, March 25, 1878.
 
 oc 
 
 Advkrtiskments. 
 
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 Advertisements. oS 
 
 A. D. TASSIE &C0., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail 
 
 Ml' 
 
 GENERAL STOREKEEPERS, WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS, 
 
 Jnsuiianq, Opuatwm.^, ^Iiipinn, Jly^icinu, 
 
 AND 
 
 FORWARDING AGENTS. 
 
 Port Augusta. 
 
 Have Constantly on hand Large Stocks of Sugars, Teas, 
 Coffee, Dried Fruits, Tobaccos, Ale and Porter, Wines and 
 Spirits, Woolpacks, Cornsacks, Turkey Stones, Sheep Shears, 
 Boiled Oil, Galvanized Iron, Fencing Wire, Paints, Cement, 
 Ploughs and Shares, Harrows, Scarifiers, &c., &c.. 
 
 WOOL, HIDES, SKINS, AND TALLOW PURCHASED. 
 
 HIGHEST PRICE GIVEN FOR WHEAT 
 
 IN ANY QUANTITY, OR ADVANCES MADE ON SAME FOR 
 SHIPMENT. BAGS LENT. 
 
 Orders per Post or Telegam promptly attended to.
 
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 Advertisement; 
 
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 AlJVKhriSKMK.VTS. 55 
 
 JOSHUA GURR, 
 
 ^ND CORNinACTOR, 
 
 HIGHEST MARKET PRICE GIVEN FOR WHEAT, WOOL, & DAIRY PRODUCE, 
 
 SADDLEWORTH. 
 
 GEORGE MOSELEY, 
 
 M|olesEle aiiir Retail ^islmoiiger, 
 
 59, KING WILLIAM STREET, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 Coffin Bay & Sydney Rock Oysters, Fresh & Smoked Fish, Game, &o., of all descriptions. 
 
 MR. JNO. HALL, 
 
 Teacher of M.usic. 
 ADDRESS: WAKEFIELD STREET. 
 
 So, RUNDLE STREET, 
 
 Hosiers, Haberda3HEF^5, 
 CLOTHIERS ^ OUTFITTERS, &c., 
 
 TAILORING. DRESSMAKING, and MILLINERY carried on 
 on the Premises under most efficient supervision.
 
 56 
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 Silks 
 
 Shawls 
 
 Mantles 
 
 Millinery 
 
 Ribbons 
 
 Laces 
 
 Gloves 
 
 Hosiery 
 
 Linens 
 
 Calicoes 
 
 Flannels 
 
 Blankets 
 
 Quilts 
 
 Rugs 
 
 CO 
 
 cc 
 
 CZ) 
 
 CD 
 
 CJ 
 
 BEDSTEA 
 
 FURINITIjEE, 
 
 JOHN HOD 
 
 1 WAREHOUSEMEN & IMPO 
 I 26 & 28, RUNDLE ST., ADELAIC 
 
 ^ N.B. — Wholesale Entrance Stephens Place.
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 Men's, Boy's 
 and Youth's 
 Clothing 
 
 Hats 
 
 Portmanteaus 
 
 Shirts 
 
 Ties 
 
 Belts 
 
 Braces 
 
 Carpets 
 
 Door Mats 
 
 Floor Cloths 
 
 Mattings 
 
 Pulpit Cloth 
 
 Tweed, &c. 
 
 BEDDING WAREHOUSE. m 
 
 iss & CO., i 
 
 RS OF GENERAL DRAPERY, | 
 
 22, BASINGHALL ST, LONDON. ^ 
 
 > 
 
 o
 
 Advertisement; 
 
 THE CLAHEHCE HOTEL. 
 
 WHITES ROOMS-rHE SHADES. 
 
 TO COUNTRY VISITORS AND TOWN RESIDENTS. 
 
 ACCOMODATION for FAMILIES, with ROOMS EN SUITE. 
 
 AMPLE STABLING for TRAPS and HORSES. 
 
 HOME COMFORTS FOR BOARDERS. 
 
 RESTAURANT under Superintendance of PROFESSED ARTISTES. 
 
 BILLIARDS on ALCOCK'S SPECIAL TABLE. 
 
 CAFE AND CIGAR DIVAN. 
 
 THE CLARENCE HOTEL, 
 
 King William Street, 
 
 gLorge gates. 
 
 £. LAUGHTON & Co., 
 Itod m)i Station Cmnmissiait %^mU 
 
 E. LAUGHTON & Co.. 
 
 ADELAIDE, 
 
 bksmm 0f W0OI, Pitrts, ; 
 
 AND OTHER SKINS, AND TALLOW 
 
 feeep, 
 
 Auction Siilos held every Tuesday, Thursday, am* Saturday, Prompt 
 Accounts and Cash Settlomonts.
 
 Advertisements
 
 m 
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 MACDONALD'S 
 
 Tent, 
 
 T/.F^PAU1.)N, 
 
 MANUFACTORY, 
 FREEMAN STREET, ADELAIDE. 
 
 FISHIISTG^ TACKJL.li: \\^AR,EHOUSE. 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 "^mb of tkxi ^v^t auir gmri|tion, 
 
 CANVAS WATER COOLERS, CANVAS CANTEENS, 
 
 HAMMOCKB, 
 
 MOSQUITO TENTS AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CANVAS GOODS. 
 Marquees lent out for Wedding Breakfasts, Garden Parties, &c. 
 
 IMPORTER OF 
 CANVAS, ROYAL NAVY DUCK, BUNTING, EISHING TACKLE, ROPE, SWIMMING BELTS, 
 NET TWINE, FISHING LINES. &c., &c. 
 
 ONLY PRIZE MEDALIST 
 
 For TENTS, TARPAULINS, &e., in SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
 
 Advehtiskmknts. (il 
 
 TRADE 
 
 MARK. 
 
 G. WOOD, SON, & CO., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Grocers 
 
 AND 
 
 198, BUNDLE STREET, 
 
 ADELAIDE ; 
 
 ALSO 
 
 Shipping^ Genei^al Agents, 
 
 PORT ADELAIDE, 
 
 HAVE LARGE ACCOMODATION FOR STORAGE 
 AT LONA^EST CURRENT RATES- 
 
 WHEAT BOUGHT OR STORED
 
 (rJ 
 
 A I>VKii7 JSKMK.VTS. 
 
 NOTICE TO DRUGGISTS, STOREKEEPERS, AND THE PUBLIC. 
 
 I; having come to ni}' knowledge that some persons are 
 
 OFFERING FOR SALE A SPURIOUS IMITATION 
 
 OF 
 
 B^^TES' BRE.A.ST S.A_L"^rE, 
 
 I beg to CAUTION the Pubhc against the purchase of the INJURIOUS ARTICLE 
 
 thus attempted to be in- posed upon them. 
 
 The only GENUINE BATES' SALVE is manufactured by me, and being made 
 
 in the Colony has not a Government stamp ; but aiter this date every stick of 
 
 Genuine Bates' Salve will bear THIS LABEL:— 
 
 To which i. beg lo caii cue hpcciai aLLcULit n oi all purcnasei> 
 
 HEOPHILUS BATES, 
 
 Son and Successor to the Inventor 
 THE LATE WILLIAM BATES. 
 
 ROBERT FIFE, 
 
 
 All kinds of Musical Instruments Tuned and Repaired. 
 
 QUACBILIjE FAKTIES and balls ATTB5NDFD. 
 
 Fashionable TyviLORiNC Establishjmeimt. 
 
 fEITE I: BISEOP 

 
 \ I'VKHTFSK W l-.V IS. 
 
 (>.•) 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 FLETCHER'S 
 
 W'¥/ i?t\ i WM} Wm 
 
 «J * / '9J li '1) '■'«»i»I fj */ 
 AND 
 
 I)|^ 
 
 I=>.Z^TEITT SLXl?, 
 
 There are Artificers of all kinds in attendance, and Shipmasters may 
 depend on every attention, 
 
 H, C. FLETCHER, Proprietor. 
 
 P. FAJLK & Co., 
 MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS 
 
 AND 
 
 IMPORTERS OF GENERAL MERCHANDISE, 
 
 MELBOURNE, LONDON, AND MANCHESTER. 
 
 DEPARTM E NTS : 
 
 1. JEWELLERY— Colonial and English Watches, Clocks, &c. 
 
 2. PATENT MEDICINES AND PKRFUMERY— Drugs, Combs, Brushware. 
 
 3. TOBACCONIST'S WARE— All kind of Pipes, Cigars, Pouches, c^c. 
 
 4. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS— Pianos, Organs, Harmoniums, Concertinas ic. 
 
 5. HARDWARE— Cutlery, Platedware, cS>.'C. 
 
 6. STATIONERY AND FANCY GOODb— Leather Goods, Paper Mache ware, &c. 
 
 Sole Agents for Barry's Tricopherous, Pearl Cream, Hair Dyes, &o., Kay's Essence of 
 JLinseed, and. other jrepara'ioi.s. 
 
 IITIDEITTS E2C"EC3TJTEID. 
 
 COLONIAL JEWELLERY FACTORY WAREHOUSE, GAWLER PLACE, ADELAIDE.
 
 <)4 
 
 Advertise MKNTs. 
 
 ^ 
 
 (^v- CoMjviERCiAL Pf(i^itimq Office, s'^^S/ 
 
 J. wTlliams, 
 
 STA.TIO]SrER, 
 
 f rftcrprcs^, fi;oi?pcrplate, antr f itijograpljk 
 
 -Paper Ruler, Die ^inker^ and Embosser, 
 
 THE PRIZE MEDAL 
 
 dffcritr for 
 
 Was awarded to 
 
 EXHIBITION, 1867, 
 
 f.tcouni goohs, 
 
 J. WILLIAMS. 
 
 
 
 IS REPLETE WITH A 
 
 SPLEN13IL> ASSORTMENT OF TYPK. 
 
 % large ^i^sartmcnt of ^rrount fioolis dbitijs in Stocli, 
 
 OR MANUFACTURED TO ORDER ON THE PREMISES. TO ANV REQUIRED PATTERN, 
 
 Commeroial and General Stationery, in great variety, including every requisite for Business 
 
 or Private use.
 
 Advertisements. 65 
 
 AUSTRALIAN 
 
 ptttiial |r0iiitot ^aci^tg 
 
 EST-A^BIjISIIEID 1849, 
 
 FOR LIFE ASSURANCE ON THE MUTUAL PRINCIPLE, 
 
 WITHOUT PERSONAL LTABIIilTY. 
 
 South A ustralian Branch : — g i , King William St. , A delaide. 
 
 LOCAL BOARD OF DIHECTORS: 
 
 The Hon. Alexander Hay, M.L.C, Chairman. 
 
 William. Gosse, Esq., M.D. Deputy Chairman. 
 
 Maurice Salom, Esq., J.P. | The Hon. Sir Henry Ayers, K.C M.G., M.L.C. 
 
 The Hon. William Morgan, M.L.C. 
 
 Branch Medical Officer:— K. T. Whittell, M.D. 
 
 On the 31st December, 1877, the Society's Accumulated Fund exceeded 
 
 TM^O iVllLLIOlSr JPOXJNDS, 
 
 AHD THE ANNUAL REVKNDE EXCEEDED £470,000. 
 
 Over 35,000 Polices were at that time in force, Assuring nearly Fourteen Millions Sterling, 
 
 THE ADVANTAGES OFFERED ARE THE 
 
 f 0fotst |[atc$ 0f ||itmritm € oinijatabk foitlj ^trfot Si^niritj. 
 
 Premiums can be paid Yearly, Half- Yearly, Quarterly, or in a single sum. 
 Any Member who, after three year's dmation, is unable to pay his premiums, can 
 obtain a new Policy of equitable value, without further liability. 
 
 LIBERAL CONDITIONS FOR RESIDENCE & VOYAGING. 
 
 BONUS PERIOD every Fifth Year. 
 
 The next Quinquennial Investigation will take place as at 31st December, 1878. 
 
 Bonuses may be applied:— Either in Augmentation of the Amount Assured; in Eeduction of 
 future Premiums ; or the Member may receive the Value in Cash. 
 
 THE FR^OFITS 
 
 Made during the Quinquennium ending on the 31st December, 1873, show a surplus of a 
 
 QUARTER OF A MILLION STERLING, 
 
 Of which Two Hundred and Thirty-Five Thousand Pounds is now being divided amongst 
 
 the Policy holders. 
 
 The Expenses of Management are ONLY 10| PER CENT, on the Annual Revenue. 
 
 JOSEPH HERRING, 
 
 Resident Secretary.
 
 66 Advertisements. 
 
 ARTHUR CHAPMAN, 
 
 LIQUIDATOR OF ESTATES, 
 
 Su& mil ^stat^ ^iji^nt 
 
 COWI^A BuiI.DiNQ3, 
 tj)c XX a1>( x^ r* ru x>( i^ K_> I tx tix tu I J 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 MORTGAGES, LOANS, ADVANCES, GUARANTEES, &c., NEGOTIATED. AGENT FOR THE 
 SALE OR PURCHASE OF BUSINESSES, PROPERTIES, &c. ESTATES INSPECTED OR 
 
 WOUND UP. 
 
 L. A. JESSOP, 
 INSURANCE AND GENERAL AGENT, 
 
 UNIVERSAL BUILDINGS, GRENFELL STREET. 
 
 Agent for the following Companies:— 
 
 REUTER'S TELEGRAM COMPANY, LIMITED. 
 
 THE UNIVERSAL MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED. 
 
 THE QUEEN FIRE & LIFE INSURANCE Co. of LONDON & LIVERPOOL. 
 
 THE SOUTH BRITISH FIRE & MARINE INSURANCE Co., Unlimited. 
 
 THE MUTUAL ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF VICTORIA, LIMITED. 
 
 T, A. BROCK, 
 Customs, -Sijipping, anti Commission ^gent, 
 
 DIVETT STREET, 
 PORT ADELAIDE. 
 
 CHARLES TIDEMANN, 
 
 AUCTIONEER, APPRAISER, LlCENSEDJ^ANDiBR^^ HOUSE AGENT. 
 
 In All Parts of the Colony and all Business transacted in above Brandies with Dispatch.
 
 Advertisements. Q7 
 
 D. & J. FOWLER, 
 
 MERCHANTS. 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS. 
 
 IMPORTERS OF TEA 
 
 ,AND 
 
 GENERAL MERCHANDISE. 
 
 KING WILLIAM STREET, 
 
 ADELAIDE. 
 
 McLaren wharf, 
 
 PORT ADELAIDE. 
 
 St. VINCENT ST., 
 
 PORT ADELAIDE. 
 
 S, EAST INDIA AVENUE, 
 
 LONDON.
 
 68 AdV:::ITISEMENTS. 
 
 THE CRITERION HOTEL, 
 
 ADJOINING THE GENERAL POST OFFICE, 
 
 KING WILLIAM STREET, 
 
 AND NEXT 
 
 J. HILL & CO.'S BOOKING OFFICE. 
 
 ALL THE MAIL COACHES ARRIVE AND START 
 OPPOSITE THE DOOR. 
 
 H. FOEBES & CO., 
 
 PROPRIETORS. 
 
 MAIN & GEYER, 
 
 WHOLESALE, RETAIL, AND DISPENSING 
 
 CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS, 
 
 NO. 9, HINDLEY ST., & NO. 56, KING WILLIAM 8T., 
 
 Have great pleasure in recommending to the Public their Well-known and Invaluable 
 SEIDLITZ POWDERS~a Cooling and Refreshing Summer Beverage. Packets, 
 
 6d., IS., and id. 6d. 
 
 LIBERAL ALLOWANCE TO STORES. 
 
 Prepared solely by M. & G., and especially adapted to the peculiarity of THIS CLIMATE 
 
 AND colony. 
 
 AGENTS FOR ALL OF DR. D. JANE'S FAMILY MEDICINES. 
 
 Holloway's Pills, Stedman's Powders, Painkiller, Norton's and all other Patent Medicines. 
 
 Storekeepers supplied at the Lo^^^est Wholesale Rates. 
 Liberal Discount for Cash. 
 
 Perfumery, Hair Brushes, Tooth Brushes, Sec. Horse and Cattle Medicines, Leeches, &c. 
 
 F. E. GRUNDY, MANAGER.
 
 AuVJiKT (SE.M KXTS. 
 
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 70 ' Advertisements. 
 
 HANSON WOODCOCK, 
 
 FAMILY BUTCHER AND POULTERER, 
 
 RUNDLE STREET, ADELAIDE, 
 
 O'CONNELL STREET, NORTH ADELAIDE; 
 
 ^^ITD ^^T C^ H. E "N" E I.. G-. 
 
 Sausages, Saveloys, Brawn, Corned Beef, Tongues, Fine Pickled 
 Rounds of Beef. 
 
 VIEGOE, SON, & Co., 
 
 1 MERCHANTS, 
 
 WAYMOUTH STREET, ADELAIDE, 
 
 AND AT 
 
 MELBOURNE-5 & 7, Elizabeth Street 
 SYDNEY— 253, George Street. 
 LONDON-8, Leaclenhall Street. 
 
 INDENTS EXECUTEO PROMPTLY FOR UNITED KINGDOM, THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE, 
 
 AND AMERICA. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN FOUNDRY, 
 
 BANK AND BLYTH STREETS, ADELAIDE. 
 
 A. JONESXSONS, 
 
 EnGINEEI^S, M.ILLWRIGHTS, Tl\ON AND BrASS FoUNDEI^S, 
 
 SMITHS, AND BOILER MAKERS. 
 
 Engines, Boilers, Mill aud Jliuing Machinery, Windmills, Double-Action Pumps, Improved Wood Presses, 
 Sheep Troughing, Whip Wheels, Well Buckets, Boring Rods, &c., &c., on hand or made to order.
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 71 
 
 R. H. WIGG & SONS, 
 
 79, Kfflfi WIIIIAM SIKEET, ADEUIDE, 
 
 AND AT 
 
 Hart Street, Port Adelaide. 
 
 Storage for 1,000 Tons at Current Eates, 
 
 WHOLESALE & FAMILY 
 
 f illlil All iSlf 1 41if 1A1I41 
 
 ^\HE, LIQUEUR, AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS, 
 
 IMPOKTEKS GUINESS'S DUBLIN STOUT, AND BASS'S, ALLSOP'S, 
 AND IND, COOPE & Co'S. BURTON ALES. 
 
 GEOCEES 
 
 mi im. 
 
 *E1 
 
 EVERY ITEM. CROSSE & BLACKWELL'S SPLENDID PRESERVES 
 and DAINTIES. FISH, FOWL, and GAME, POTTED and TINNED. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 •Best English Wams, Bacon, Qhesse & Tongues, 
 station supplies made a speciality. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN WINES, IN CH0IGE8TVAR!ETY,WHITE(feRED, 
 
 From 8p. dozen to 30s. dozen.
 
 n 
 
 Advertisements. 
 
 [TELEGRAMS 
 
 PROMPTLY i| I; ATTENDED TO | 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 -'^ -~ '^^^S, '^^fi-AlO^' 
 
 
 W^^ 
 
 iS» GC IK J»^ -mML 
 B0OK, HEWSFJilTEJa, J.M© J0B 
 
 PS\I]VYlXGr OS'^KJ^E^^. 
 
 BARROW & KING, Proprietors. 
 
 'Cart J^otcA ,r(eceiph , Money "Orders, "CJjecjues, 
 
 PRINTED m BEST STYLE ON SHORTEST NOTICE. 
 
 ; WLisati Cuts t^ gloths of Icrscs, Cattle, Bhni^., ^t. 
 
 ; EMBLEMS FOR FRIENDLY SOCiET!ES. 
 
 I -— @— 
 
 I PLAIN a FANCY PAPERS AND CARDS 
 
 j For '' Invites," Programmes, Tickets, Cards, "In Memoriam,"" c£.-c. 
 
 G 
 
 Estimates and Specimens supplied by Return Post, if required. 
 
 The Proprietors are prepared to execute Printing of every Idnd, in any Colored Ink or 
 on any Colored Paper, from the Lilliputian Card to the Leviathan Poster.
 
 REC 
 
 UJNlViKMTY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below 
 
 mro LD cwi 
 
 FEB 1W6V 
 
 RECO CO-OIB 
 
 Is DEC 27 197f 
 
 RECDIS-Qn 
 
 JAN 3 019" 
 
 DEC 2 3 1986 
 
 LMRC 
 
 DEC 51984 
 
 u JANO 
 
 I'oriii L-O 
 a-,»l-2,'43(5J05) 
 
 UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA ,a 
 
 AT 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 3 1158 00272 814^ 
 
 AA 000 975 632 i 
 
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