RAPID METHO 
 
 FOR FRENCH 
 
 BY 
 
 och-Alphonse de MassaMelfe 
 
 UC-NRLF 
 
 .KEW 'YORK 
 
 :HWARTZ, KIRWIN & FAUS 
 
GIFT OF 
 
 A i* J 7 
 
 
RAPID METHOD 
 FOR FRENCH VERBS 
 
 BY 
 
 Roch-Alphonse de Massabielle 
 
 NEW YORK 
 SCHWARTZ, KIRWIN & FAUSS 
 
 42 Barclay Street 
 
Copyright, 1917, 1918, 1919 
 By V. RASKIN 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The purpose of this little book is entirely practical; it is to aid 
 pupils in learning the structure and use of French verbs. The 
 method here set forth has been thoroughly tried and has proved to 
 be unusually successful. Its fundamental idea is to group together 
 those verb forms in which the stem is common, disregarding for 
 this purpose the order of persons and tenses, as they appear in 
 the usual conjugations. 
 
 In applying the method, therefore, the pupil should not be asked 
 to "conjugate" a verb, viz.: je lis, tu lis, il lit, etc.; but having 
 been given the stem and taught the endings, he should be asked 
 to translate a variety of English verb forms into French; care 
 being taken in each question to change verb, person and tense. 
 
 Questioning in this way keeps the pupils alert and easily holds 
 their attention. 
 
 It is also well to have pupils write the answers, to familiarize 
 them with the appearance of the forms as well as with their 
 pronunciation. 
 
 In oral recitation (or drill) in verbs, to avoid monotony and 
 the distraction of pupils, teachers must avoid the naming of tenses. 
 Never say, for example, "Give me the Imperfect of this verb or 
 the Pluperfect of that one. 
 
 Demonstration on the blackboard of pages 7, 10, 19, 20 
 is of the greatest importance. 
 
 Well demonstrated, the pupils are able to recite and to 
 write by themselves the 16 tenses most used in conversa- 
 tion. 
 
 In the drills give the Infinitive and the two tenses derived 
 from it; then the Present Indicative and the four verb forms 
 derived from its first person plural; then the Past Participle and 
 all the compound tenses formed by it. In conjunction with each 
 lesson give some time to the auxiliary verb avoir, and although 
 the pupils do not know its different tenses read it aloud and 
 have the pupils repeat it after you. It will take only two min- 
 utes and very soon the pupils will be so familiar with it that 
 they will not find any difficulty in using it in the compound tenses. 
 
 If the method proves to be of any help to teachers and to pupils, 
 I will be greatly pleased. 
 
 THE AUTHOR, R. A. DE MASSABIELLE 
 
 415772 
 
PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 French. 
 
 a has the sound of 
 
 e has the sound of 
 
 has the sound of 
 
 1 has the sound of 
 y has the sound of 
 
 English, 
 ah 
 
 u in pleasure 
 o 
 
 i in finish 
 ee in bee 
 
 u has no similar sound in English. 
 
 e has a short sound, like a in A Boy 
 
 e or e has an open sound like ai 
 
 ai, ay, ei, ey has the sound of ay 
 
 in, im, ain, aim, ein, eim, like an in angry 
 
 an, am en, em pronounced like an in swan 
 
 au or eau pronounced like 6 
 
 eu or oeu pronounced like o in word 
 
 oi whah 
 
 ou pronounced like oo in wood 
 
 un or um pronounced like un in lunch 
 
 on, om pronounced like om in comb 
 
 j pronounced like s in pleasure 
 
 ch pronounced like sh 
 
 one s between two vowels z 
 
 In words ending in e the final e is not pronounced, but t 
 consonant before the e must be pronounced. 
 
 A final accented e (e) is always pronounced. 
 
 With the exceptions of a few words, final consonants a 
 never pronounced. 
 
PRESENT INDICATIVE. 
 
 The Present of the Indicative may be expressed in English in 
 three different ways: For example 
 
 I speak I am speaking I do speak. 
 
 In French there is t>Ut one form: Je parle. 
 
 The French pronouns used with the verb forms are as in English 
 three in the Singular, and three in the Plural. 
 
 SINGULAR PLURAL 
 
 1st Person Je 1 1st Person Nous We 
 
 2nd " Tu Thou 2nd " Vous You 
 
 3rd " II or Elle He or She 3rd " Us or Elles They 
 
 Tu Thou, is used only in very familiar conversation, as among 
 members of the same family, or among intimate friends. It is wiser 
 for pupils in general to use Vous. 
 
 PARLER To speak. 
 
 The final "r" indicates the Infinitive and stands for "to". 
 In all the verbs ending in the Infinitive in "er", the Present of 
 the Indicative ends in 
 
 Je e Nous ons 
 
 Tu es Vous ez 
 
 II or Elle e Us or Elles ent 
 
 The ending "ent" is always silent. 
 
 The three persons singular and the third person plural are 
 pronounced the same. 
 
 Present Indicative of Parler: 
 Je parle I am speaking, I do speak, I speak. 
 
 Tu paries Thou art speaking, thou dost speak, thou speakest. 
 
 II parle He is speaking, he does speak, he speaks. 
 
 Nous parlons We are speaking, we do speak, we speak. 
 
 Vous parlez You are speaking, you do speak, you speak. 
 Us parlent They are speaking, they do speak, they speak. 
 
 Us parlent is pronounced like "II parle". 
 
/*. I 1 '* *.' '*"*!*' Interrogative. 
 
 * ' Tne itfter'rogatioii' isr niade in French by placing "Est-ce-que" 
 before the Affirmative form of the verb: 
 
 Est-ce que je parle? Am I speaking, or do I speak? 
 
 Est-ce que tu paries? Art thou speaking, or dost thou speak? 
 
 Est-ce qu'il parle? Is he speaking, or does he speak? 
 
 Est ce que nous parlons? Are we speaking, or do we speak? 
 
 Est-ce que vous parlez? - Are you speaking, or do you speak? 
 
 Est-ce qu'ils parlent? Are they speaking, or do they speak? 
 
 The Interrogative form is also made in French by placing the 
 Pronoun Subject after the verb, and joining them by a hyphen. 
 When the Third Person ends with a vowel, a "t" between hyphens 
 (-t-) is inserted between the verb and II or Elle. 
 
 If the First Person Singular ends with an "e" mute, an acute 
 accent (') is put over the "e" for the sake of euphony. 
 
 Parle-je? Am I speaking, or do I speak? 
 
 Paries- tu? Art thou speaking, or dost thou speak? 
 
 Parle-t-il? Is he speaking, or does he speak? 
 
 Parle-t-elle? Is she speaking, or does she speak? 
 
 Parlons-nous? Are we speaking, or do we speak? 
 
 Parlez-vous? Are you speaking, or do you speak? 
 Parlent-ils? Are they speaking, or do they speak? 
 
 Negatives. 
 
 The Negative is expressed in French by two words: Ne pas. 
 Ne is placed before the verb, and pas after the verb. 
 
 Je ne parle pas I am not speaking, I do not speak. 
 
 Tu ne paries pas Thou art not speaking, thou dost not speak. 
 
 II ne parle pas He is not speaking, he does not speak. 
 
 Nous ne parlons pas We are not speaking, we do not speak. 
 
 Vous ne parlez pas You are not speaking, you do not speak 
 
 Us ne parlent pas - They are not speaking, they do not speak. 
 
 If the Verb begins by a vowel or a silent "h", the Ne drops 
 the "e" and takes (') for the sake of euphony. For example: 
 Je n'aime pas I do not like, I do not love. 
 
 II n'aime pas He does not like, he does not love. 
 
 Nous n'aimons pas We do not like, we do not love. 
 
 Vous n'aimez pas You do not like, you do not love. 
 Us n'aiment pas They do not like, they do not love. 
 
 Write the above verb in the three forms in French and in 
 English. 
 
FORMATION OF TENSES. 
 
 Very important page to demonstrate on the blackboard. 
 
 The First Person Plural of the Present Indicative is very im- 
 portant, because several verb forms are derived from it. 
 
 I. The PRESENT PARTICIPLE is formed by dropping the 
 ending "ons," and replacing it by "ant". For example: 
 
 Nous parlons We speak. Parlant Speaking. 
 
 A verb ending in "ing" is in the Present Participle when in, or by, 
 or while, or when, etc., can be placed before that verb. 
 
 II. The Present Indicative forms also the IMPERATIVE by 
 leaving out the pronouns Je, Nous, Vous. For example: 
 
 Present Ind. : Je parle Imperative: Parle Speak (thou) 
 
 Nous parlons Parlons Let us speak 
 
 Vous parlez Parlez Speak (you) 
 
 III. The First Person Plural of the Present Indicative also 
 forms the IMPERFECT Tense, which is used when 
 
 Used to , or was , or were 
 
 are before the English verb. 
 
 By replacing the "ons" by the following endings: 
 
 Je ais Nous ions 
 
 Tu ais Vous iez 
 
 II ait Us aient 
 
 The Third Person Plural of the Imperfect is always pronounced 
 like the three Persons Singular. 
 
 Je parlais Was speaking. Nous parlions Were speaking. 
 
 Tu parlais Wast speaking. Vous parliez Were speaking. 
 
 II parlait Was speaking. Us parlaient Were speaking. 
 
 IV. The First Person Plural of the Present Indicative also 
 forms the Present of Subjunctive, which is the equivalent of "If 
 
 I may etc., preceding an English verb, by replacing the "ons" 
 
 by the following endings: 
 
 Je e Nous ions 
 
 Tu es Vous iez 
 
 H e Us ent 
 
8 
 
 Que je parle That I speak. 
 
 Que tu paries That thou speak. 
 
 Qu'il parle That he speak. 
 
 Que nous parlions That we speak. 
 
 Que vous parliez That you speak. 
 Qu'ils parlent That they speak. 
 
 French Subjunctive is always preceded by que. 
 
 The three persons singular and the third person plural of the 
 Present of Subjunctive are pronounced the same. 
 
 VERBS ENDING IN "ER". 
 
 Verbs ending in the Infinitive in er drop the final r to form 
 the first person singular of the Present Indicative and of the 
 Present of Subjunctive; and pupils will observe here that having 
 the first person singular they also have the second and the 
 third person singular and the third person plural of both tenses. 
 Although each person has a different ending, all are pronounced 
 exactly the same. 
 
 The following list of verbs has been divided in groups of 
 twelve. To secure the best results, it is necessary for pupils 
 to read the verbs aloud, changing the persons and the tenses. 
 
 After each lesson write the verbs marked with a star (*) in the 
 following tenses: 
 
 1. Infinitive. 
 
 2. Present Indicative. 
 
 3. Imperfect. 
 
 4. Present Participle. 
 
 5. Present Subjective. 
 
 6. Imperative. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir, page 12. 
 
 Accuser To accuse. Chanter To sing. 
 
 *Travailler To work. *Marcher -To walk. 
 
 Aider To help. Dejeuner To breakfast. 
 
 Admirer To admire. *Danser To dance. 
 
 Donner To give. Montrer To show. 
 
 Entrer To go in, Monter To go up. 
 
Read aloud, in all its tenses, the verb Avoir. 
 Presenter- To introduce (people). Fumer To smoke. 
 
 *Fermer To close. 
 
 Oter To take off. 
 
 Sauter To jump. 
 
 Pleurer To cry or weep. 
 
 Ecouter To listen. 
 
 Observer - 
 *Oser 
 
 -To observe. 
 -To dare. 
 
 *Quitter To leave. 
 
 Tousser To cough. 
 
 Decider To decide. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Accepter 
 Refuser 
 *Demander 
 ficonomiser 
 Trouver 
 Depenser 
 
 *Tomber 
 Attraper 
 Assister 
 Blesser 
 Tuer 
 Fatiguer 
 
 Regarder 
 *Prier 
 Empecher 
 Preter 
 Pardonner 
 Frapper 
 
 *Jouer 
 Embrasser 
 Ramasser 
 
 *Laisser 
 Casser 
 Pechirer 
 
 -To accept. 
 -To refuse. 
 -To ask 
 -To save. 
 -To find. 
 -To spend. 
 
 *Passer 
 
 Commander - 
 
 Accorder 
 *Porter 
 
 Supposer 
 
 Desirer 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 -To fall. 
 -To catch. 
 -To assist. 
 -To wound. 
 -To kill. 
 -To tire. 
 
 Gronder 
 Assurer 
 Garder 
 
 *Bavarder 
 Repeter 
 
 *Causer 
 
 -To pass. 
 -To order. 
 To grant. 
 To carry. 
 To suppose. 
 To wish. 
 
 -To scold. 
 To assure. 
 -To keep. 
 To gossip. 
 To repeat. 
 -To talk. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 -To look at. 
 -To pray. 
 -To prevent. 
 -To lend. 
 -To forgive. 
 -To strike. 
 
 Cesser 
 *Detester 
 
 Reculer 
 *Chercher 
 
 Gagner . 
 
 Laver 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 -To play. 
 -To embrace. 
 -To pick up. 
 -To let. 
 -To break. 
 -To tear. 
 
 *Demeurer 
 Habiter 
 Rencontrer 
 Regretter 
 Crier 
 Raconter 
 
 -To stop. 
 -To hate. 
 -To step back. 
 -To look for. 
 -To win. 
 -To wash. 
 
 To live. 
 -To inhabit. 
 To meet. 
 To regret. 
 To cry out 
 To relate, 
 
10 
 
 FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL. 
 
 Very important page to demonstrate on the blackboard. 
 
 French Infinitives end in r or re. French Infinitives form 
 the Future and the Conditional by dropping the final r or re 
 and replacing it by the following endings: 
 
 Endings of the future: Endings of the conditional: 
 
 Je rai Nous rons Je rais Nous rions 
 
 Tu ras Vous rez Tu rais Vous riez 
 
 II ra Us ront II rait Us raient 
 
 Je laverai 
 Tu laveras 
 II lavera 
 Nous laverons 
 Vous laverez 
 Us laveront 
 
 Je laverais 
 Tu laverais 
 II laverait 
 Nous laverions 
 Vous laveriez 
 Us laveraient 
 
 The Future is equivalent to "shall or will.'* 
 The Conditional is equivalent to "should or would." 
 In the Conditional, the three persons singular and the third 
 person plural are pronounced the same. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 Remercier 
 Expliquer 
 Soigner 
 *Voler 
 Occuper 
 ^eraser 
 
 Write in French and in English the verbs marked with a star (*) 
 in all the above tenses. Add the Future and the Conditional. 
 See page 45 for the following verbs: 
 
 -To thank. 
 
 Arracher 
 
 To pull. 
 
 -To explain. 
 
 Approcher 
 
 To approach. 
 
 -To care. 
 
 *Etudier 
 
 To study. 
 
 -To fly. 
 
 Habiller 
 
 To dress. 
 
 -To occupy. 
 
 *Dmer 
 
 To dine. 
 
 -To crush. 
 
 Arriver 
 
 To arrive. 
 
 Changer 
 
 Manger 
 
 Voyager 
 
 Nettoyer 
 
 Ennuyer 
 
 Preferer 
 
 - To change. 
 
 - To eat. 
 
 To travel. 
 
 - To clean. 
 
 - To bother. 
 
 To prefer. 
 
 Jeter 
 
 Acheter 
 
 Appeler 
 
 To throw. 
 
 To buy. 
 
 To call. 
 
 To lead. 
 
 To advance. 
 
 Avancer 
 
 Commencer To begin. 
 
 Write most of the above verbs. Add Future and Conditional, 
 
11 
 
 OUVRIR To open. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 J'ouvre 1 am opening, I do open, I open. 
 
 Tu ouvres Thou art opening, thou dost open, thou openest. 
 
 II ouvre He is opening, he does open, he opens. 
 
 Nous ouvrons We are opening, we do open, we open. 
 
 Vous ouvrez You are opening, you do open, you open. 
 
 Us ouvrent They are opening, they do open, they open. 
 
 Present Participle: Ouvrant Opening. 
 
 Imp.: Ouvre Open. Ouvrons Let us open. Ouvrez Open. 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 J'ouvrais 1 was opening, I used to open. 
 
 Tu ouvrais Thou wast opening, thou used to open. 
 
 II ouvrait He was opening, he used to open. 
 
 Nous ouvrions We were opening, we used to open. 
 
 Vous ouvriez You were opening, you used to open. 
 
 Us ouvraient They were opening, they used to open. 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 
 Que j'ouvre That I open. 
 
 Que tu ouvres That thou open. 
 
 Qu'il ouvre That he open. 
 
 Que nous ouvrions That we open. 
 
 ue vous ouvriez That you open. 
 
 u'il ouvrent That they open. 
 
 Future. 
 
 J'ouvrirai 1 shall or will open. 
 
 Tu ouvriras Thou wilst open. 
 
 II ouvrira He will open. 
 
 Nous ouvrirons We will open. 
 
 Vous ouvrirez You will open. 
 
 Us ouvriront They will open. 
 
 Conditional. 
 
 J'ouvrirais 1 should or would open. 
 
 Tu ouvrirais Thou wouldst open. 
 
 II ouvrirait He would open. 
 
 Nous ouvririons We would open. 
 
 Vous ouvririez You would open. 
 
 Us ouvriraient Th^y would open. 
 
 Conjugate like Ouvrir. 
 
 Couvrir To cover. Decouvrir To discover. 
 
 Offrir To offer. Souffrir To suffer, to stand. 
 
 Write in French and in English the above verbs in the following 
 tenses: Infinitive, Future and Conditional, Present Indicative, Im- 
 perfect, Imperative, Present Participle, Present of Subjunctive. 
 
12 
 
 AVOIR To have. 
 The Je drops the V and takes (') before a vowel. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 J'ai I have, I am having. 
 
 Tu as Thou hast, thou art having. 
 
 II a He has, he is having. 
 
 Nous avons We have, we are having. 
 
 Vous avez You have, you are having. 
 
 Us ont They have, they are having. 
 
 Ai-je Have I, or am I having. 
 
 As-tu Hast thou, or art thou having. 
 
 A-t-il Has he, or is he having. 
 
 A-t-elle Has she, or is she having. 
 
 Avons-nous Have we, or are we having. 
 
 Avez-vous Have you, or are you having. 
 
 Ont-ils Have they, or are they having. 
 
 Je n'ai pas I have not, I am not having. 
 
 Tu n'as pas Thou hast not, thou art not having. 
 
 II n'a pas He has not, he is not having. 
 
 Nous n'avons pas We have not, we are not having. 
 
 Vous n'avez pas You have not, you are not having. 
 Us n'ont pas They have not, they are not having. 
 
 N'ai-je pas Have I not? 
 
 N'as-tu pas Hast thou not? 
 
 N'a-t-il pas Has he not? 
 
 N'avons-nous pas Have we not? 
 
 N'avez-vous pas Have you not? 
 N'ont-ils pas Have they not? 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 J'avais 1 had, I was having, I used to have. 
 
 Tu avals Thou hadst, thou wast having, thou used to have. 
 
 II avait He had, he was having, he used to have. 
 
 Nous avions We had, we were having, we used to have. 
 
 Vous aviez You had, you were having, you used to have. 
 
 Us avaient They had, they were having, they used to have. 
 
 Note. This Imperfect tense J'avais, etc., is in English "I had" 
 when "I had" can be replaced by "I was having". 
 
13 
 
 Present Participle: Ayant Having (irregular). 
 
 Imperative: Aie Have. Ayons Let us have. Ayez Have. 
 
 Present Subjunctive (irregular). 
 Que j'aie That I have. 
 
 Que tu aies That thou have. 
 
 Qu'il ait That he have. 
 
 Que nous ayons That we have. 
 
 Que vous ayez - That you have. 
 Qu'ils aient That they have. 
 
 J'aurai 
 Tu auras 
 II aura 
 Nous aurons 
 Vous aurez 
 Us auront 
 
 J'aurais 
 Tu aurais 
 II aurait 
 Nous aurions 
 Vous auriez 
 Us auraient 
 
 Future (irregular). 
 
 -I shall or will have. 
 -Thou will or shall have. 
 -He will or shall have. 
 We will or shall have. 
 -You will or shall have. 
 -They will or shall have. 
 
 Conditional (irregular). 
 
 1 should or would have. 
 
 Thou wouldst or shouldst have 
 He would or should have. 
 
 We would or should have. 
 You would or should have. 
 
 They would or should have. 
 
14 
 
 ENVOYER To send. 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 J'envoie I am sending, I do send, I send. 
 
 Tu envoies Thou art sending, thou dost send, thou sendest. 
 II envoie He is sending, he does send, he sends. 
 
 Nous envoy ons We are sending, we do send, we send. 
 Vous envoyez You are sending, you do send, you send. 
 Us envoient They are sending, they do send, they send. 
 
 Present Participle: Envoyant Sending. 
 
 Imp.: Envoie Send. Envoyons Let us send. Envoyez Send. 
 Present Subjunctive: Que j'envoie That I send. 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 J'envoyais 1 was sending, I used to send. 
 
 Tu envoyais Thou wast sending, thou used to send. 
 
 II envoyait He was sending, he used to send. 
 
 Nous envoyions We were sending, we used to send. 
 
 Vous envoyiez - You were sending, you used to send. 
 Us envoyaient They were sending, they used to send. 
 
 Renvoyer To send away conjugate like Envoyer. 
 The above two verbs change the "y" into "i" before an "e" mute. 
 
 In most of the verbs which are given hereafter, the three persons 
 singular of the Present Indicative are always pronounced the same. The 
 endings are a little different. 
 
 The verb ends in "s" after Je and after Tu, but nearly always 
 ends in "t" after II or Elle; for example: Je Us, Tu lis, II lit. 
 
 The stem of a verb in the first and in the second person 
 plural is the same; but after Nous the ending is "ons", and 
 after Vous the ending is "ez". 
 
 When the first person singular of the Present Subjunctive is given, the 
 pupils have the second and third persons singular and also the third 
 person plural. The stem of the verb in those four persons is spelled 
 exactly the same, and, although the endings are different, the verb is pro- 
 nounced the same. With the exception of very few verbs, the first and the 
 second persons plural of the subjunctive are always regular. 
 
 The regular Future and Conditional tenses will not be written. For 
 references, turn to page 48. 
 
15 
 
 LIRE To read. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je lis 1 am reading, I do read, I read. 
 
 Nous lisons We are reading, we do read, we read. 
 
 Us lisent They are reading, they do read, they read. 
 
 Present Participle: Lisant Reading. 
 
 Imperative: Lis Read. Lisons Let us read. Lisez Read. 
 
 Imperfect: Je lisais 1 was reading, I used to read. 
 
 Present of Subjunctive: Que je Use That I read. 
 
 SORTIR To go out. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je sors 1 am going out, I do go out, I go out. 
 
 Nous sortons We are going out, we do go out, we go out. 
 
 Us sortent They are going out, they do go out, they go out, 
 
 Present Participle: Sortant Going out. 
 
 Imp.: Sors Go out. Sortons Let us go out. Sortez Go out. 
 
 Imperfect: Je sortais 1 was going out, I used to go out. 
 
 Present of Subjunctive. 
 Que je sorte That I go out. 
 Que nous sortions That we go out. 
 
 PARTIR To start, or to depart. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je pars 1 am starting, I do start, I start. 
 
 Nous partons - We are starting, we do start, we start. 
 Us partent They are starting, they do start, they start. 
 
 Imperative: Pars Start. Partons Let us start. Partez Start. 
 
 Present Participle: Partant Starting. 
 
 Imperfect Je partais 1 was starting, I used to start. 
 
16 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 Que je parte That I start. 
 Que nous partions That we start. 
 
 DORMIR To sleep. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je dors I am sleeping, I do sleep, I sleep. 
 
 Nous dormons - We are sleeping, we do sleep, we sleep. 
 
 Us dorment They are sleeping, they do sleep, they sleep. 
 
 Imperative: Dorc Sleep. Dormons Let us sleep. Dormez Sleep. 
 
 Present Participle: Dormant Sleeping. 
 
 Imperfect: Je dormais 1 used to sleep, I was sleeping. 
 
 Present of Subjunctive. 
 Que je dorme That I sleep. 
 
 Que nous dormions - That we sleep. 
 
 Conjugate like dormir. 
 Endormir Put to sleep. 
 
 Redormir Sleep again. 
 
 SERVIR To serve, or to wait upon. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je sers 1 am serving, I do serve, I serve. 
 
 Nous servons We are serving, we do serve, we serve. 
 
 Us servent They are serving, they do serve, they serve. 
 
 Imperative: Sers Serve. Servons Let us serve. Servez Serve. 
 
 Imperfect: Je servais 1 was serving, I used to serve. 
 
 Present Participle: Servant Serving. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je serve That I serve. 
 
 Conjugate like Servir. 
 Desservir To clear the table. 
 
17 
 
 MENTIR To lie. 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je mens I am lying, I do lie, I lie. 
 
 Nous mentons We are lying, we do lie, we lie. 
 Us mentent They are lying, they do lie, they lie. 
 
 Present Participle: Mentant Lying. 
 
 Imperative: Mens Lie. Mentons Let us lie. Mentez Lie (you). 
 
 Imperfect: Je mentais 1 was lying, I used to lie. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je mente That I lie. 
 
 Conjugate like Mentir. 
 Dementir To contradict. 
 
 SENTIR To feel, or to smell. 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je sens I am feeling, I do feel, I feel. 
 
 Nous sentons We are feeling, we do feel, we feel 
 Us sentent They are feeling, they do feel, they fee 1 
 
 Present Participle: Sentant Feeling. 
 
 Imperative: Sens Feel. Sentons Let us feel. Sentez Feel (you). 
 
 Imperfect: Je sentais 1 was feeling, I used to feel. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je sente That I feel. 
 
 FINIR To finish. 
 Read aloud the verb Avoir. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je finis I am finishing, I do finish, I finish. 
 
 Nous finissons We are finishing, we do finish, we finish. 
 Us finissent They are finishing, they do finish, they finish 
 
 Imp.: Finis Finish. Finissons Let us finish. Finissez Finish. 
 Present Participle: Finissant Finishing. 
 
18 
 
 Imperfect: Je finissais 1 was finishing, I used to finish. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je finisse That I finish. 
 
 Conjugate like Finir. 
 
 To languish. 
 To embellish. 
 
 To grow older. 
 To trim. 
 To cherish. 
 To reflect. 
 Raccourcir To shorten. 
 
 Unir To unite. Languir 
 
 Saisir To seize. Embellir 
 
 Rougir -To blush. Vieillir 
 
 *Punir To punish. *Garnir 
 
 Guerir To cure. *Cherir 
 
 Fournir To furnish. Reflechir 
 
 Batir To build. 
 Abolir To abolish. filargir To widen. 
 
 Agir To act, ficlaircir To brighten. 
 
 Choisir To choose, *Obeir To obey. 
 
 *Salir To soil. Desobeir To disobey. 
 
 Reussir -To succeed. Fleurir To bloom. 
 
 Perir To perish. Murir To ripen. 
 
 Hair To hate. *Nourrir To feed. 
 
 Affaiblir To get weaker. Avertir To advertise. 
 Etablir To establish. Grossir To grow big. 
 
 *Blanchir To \vhit-n. Garantir To guarantee. 
 
 Jouir d* To enjoy. 
 
 Hair to hate loses the trema (") or. je hais, tu hais, il hait. 
 Conjugate orally the above verbs in all the tenses studied so far. 
 Write in French and in English the verbs marked with a (*). 
 
 In oral drills on the verbs, teachers ought to omit the names of 
 the tenses, but give the pupils the English and have them say the 
 equivalent in French and vice versa. 
 
 AUXILIARIES. 
 
 There are in French two Auxiliaries Avoir, to have, and Etre, 
 to be. They are used in the formation of compound tenses. A 
 compound tense is composed of two verbs, an Auxiliary and a 
 Past Participle. For example: J'ai lu I have read; II a fmi He 
 has finished; etc. 
 
 The Past Participles of all verbs ending in the Infinitive er 
 without a single exception, are formed by dropping the final r 
 and by placing an accent aigu on the e (e). For example: 
 Penser To think; Pense Thought; Acheter To buy; Achete 
 Bought; Quitter To leave; Quitte Left. 
 
 In most of the verbs ending in ir the Past Participles are formed 
 by dropping the final r. For example: 
 
 Agir To act; Agi Acted; Finir To finish; Fini Finished. 
 
19 
 
 FORMATION OF COMPOUND TENSES. 
 Very important page to demonstrate on the blackboard. 
 
 1. The PERFECT INFINITIVE is formed by placing the Past 
 Participle after the Infinitive Avoir. 
 
 Avoir eu To have had. 
 
 2. The PERFECT PARTICIPLE is formed by placing the 
 Past Participle after the Present Participle Ayant. 
 
 Ayant vu Having seen. 
 
 3. The PLUPERFECT is formed by placing the Past Participle 
 after the Imperfect J'avais; it has only one form in both French 
 and English. 
 
 J'avais eu 1 had had. II avait eu He had had. 
 
 4. The PERFECT FUTURE is formed by placing the Past 
 Participles after the future J'aurai. 
 
 J'aurai eu I shall have had. Tu auras eu Thou shalt have had. 
 
 5. The PAST CONDITIONAL is formed by placing the Past 
 Participle after the Conditional J'aurais. 
 
 J'aurais eu 1 should have had. 
 
 6. The PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is formed by placing the 
 Past Participle after the Subjunctive Que j'aie. 
 
 Que j'aie eu That I have had. Qu'il ait eu That he have had. 
 
 7. The PAST INDEFINITE: The Past Tense, which is the 
 most used in conversation, is formed by placing the Past Participle 
 after the Present of Indicative J'ai. 
 
 For example: I have taken J'ai pris. 
 
2C 
 
 But the Past Indefinite is expressed in English in three dif- 
 ferent ways: J'ai pris is not only the equivalent of "I have 
 taken", but of "I did take", "I took". II a ecrit does not mean 
 only "He has written", but also "He did write", "He wrote". 
 
 Did, before a verb, is nearly always equivalent to "have". 
 
 Je n'ai pas 
 
 Tu n'as pas 
 
 II n'a pas 
 
 Nous n'avons pas 
 
 Vous n'avez pas 
 
 Us n'ont pas 
 
 -I did not. 
 -Thou didst not. 
 -He did not. 
 -We did not. 
 -You did not. 
 -They did not. 
 
 Followed bv i 
 Past Participle. 
 
 Ai-je 
 
 A-t-il 
 
 A-t-elle 
 
 Avons-nous 
 
 Avez-vous 
 
 Ont-ils 
 
 -Did I? 
 -Did he? 
 -Did she? 
 -Did we? 
 -Did you? 
 -Did they? 
 
 Qu'ai-je 
 Qu'a-t-il 
 Qu'a-t-elle 
 Qu'avons-nous - 
 Qu'avez-vous - 
 Qu'ont-ils 
 
 -What did I? 
 -What did he? 
 -What did she? 
 -What did we? 
 -What did you? 
 -What did they? 
 
 Do expresses a Present Tense; Did expresses a Past Tense, 
 Do not confuse them. 
 
 J'ai lu I read, I did read, I have read. 
 
 Tu as lu Thou readest, thou didst read, thou hast read. 
 
 II a lu He read, he did read, he has read. 
 
 Nous avons lu We read, we did read, we have read. 
 
 Vous avez lu - You read, you did read, you have read. 
 Us ont lu They read, they did read, they have read. 
 
21 
 
 FUIRTo flee, or to run away. 
 
 Fui Flown. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je fuis I am fleeing, I do flee, I flee. 
 
 Nous fuyons We are fleeing, we do flee, we flee. 
 
 Us fuient They are fleeing, they do flee, they flee. 
 
 Imperative: Fuis Flee. Fuyons Let us flee. Fuyez Flee (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Fuyant Fleeing. 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 Je fuyais I was fleeing, I used to flee. 
 
 Nous fuyions We were fleeing, we used to flee. 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 
 Que je fuie That I flee. 
 
 Que nous fuyions - That we flee. 
 Add the compound tenses (see page 19). 
 
 COUDRETo Sew. 
 
 Cousu Sewed. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Etre. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je couds I am sewing, I do sew, I sew. 
 
 II coud He is sewing, he does sew, he sews. 
 
 Nous cousons We are sewing, we do sew we sew. 
 
 Us cousent They are sewing, they do sew, they sew. 
 
 Imp.: Couds Sew. Cousons Let us sew. Cousez Sew (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Cousant Sewing. 
 
 Imperfect: Je cousais 1 was sewing, I used to sew. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je couse That I sew. 
 
22 
 
 ECRIRE To write. 
 
 Read aloud the verb tre, page 26. 
 
 Ecrit Written. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 J'ecris I am writing, I do write, I write. 
 
 Nous ecrivons - We are writing, we do write, we write. 
 
 Us ecrivent They are writing, they do write, they write. 
 
 Present Participle: Ecrivant Writing. 
 
 Imp.: Ecris Write. Ecrivons Let us write. Ecrivez Write (you). 
 
 Imperfect: J'ecrivais 1 was writing, I used to write. 
 
 Subjunctive: ' Que j'ecrive That I write. 
 
 Conjugate like Ecrire. 
 
 Decrire To describe. Souscrire To subscribe. 
 
 Prescrire To prescribe. Transcrire To transcribe. 
 
 Inscrire To inscribe. 
 
 Write the verb Ecrire in the sixteen different forms studied. 
 
 Je dis 
 
 Nous disons 
 Vous dites 
 Us disent 
 
 DIRE To tell, or to say. 
 
 Dit Said or told. 
 
 Read aloud the verb Etre. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 1 am saying, I do say, I say. 
 
 We are saying, we do say, we say. 
 
 You are saying, you do say, you say. 
 
 They are saying, they do say, they say. 
 
 Imperative. 
 Dis Say or tell. Disons Let us say or tell. Dites Say or tell. 
 
 Present Participle: Disant Saying or telling. 
 
 Imperfect: Je disais 1 was saying, I used to say. 
 
 Subjunctive: Que je disc That I say or tell 
 
 Conjugate like Dire. 
 Redire To say again. 
 
23 
 
 The following verbs are conjugated like Dire, except the Second 
 Person Plural of the Present of the Indicative and of the Im- 
 perative, which end in "ez": 
 
 Contredire To contradict Predire To predict. 
 
 Dedire To disown. Interdire To forbid. 
 
 Medire To slander. 
 
 RIRE To laugh. 
 
 Read aloud the verb tre. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 Je ris I am laughing, I do laugh, I laugk. 
 
 Nous rions We are laughing, we do laugh, we laugh. 
 
 Us rient They are laughing, they do laugh, they laugh. 
 
 Imperative: Ris Laugh. Rions Let us laugh. Riez Laugh. 
 
 Present Participle: Riant Laughing. 
 
 Imperfect: Je riais 1 was laughing, I used to laugh. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je rie That I laugh. 
 
 Past Participle: Ri Laughed. 
 
 Conjugate like Rire. Sourire To smile. 
 
 Write the verb in the sixteen forms studied so far. 
 
 VENDRE To sell. 
 
 Read aloud the verb tre. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je vends I am selling, I do sell, I sell. 
 
 Nous vendons We are selling, we do sell, we sell. 
 Us vendent They are selling, they do sell, they sell. 
 
 II vend He is selling, he does sell, he sells. 
 
 Imperative: Vends Sell. Vendons Let us sell. Vendez Sell (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Vendant Selling. 
 
 Imperfect: Je vendais 1 was selling, I used to sell. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je vende That I sell, 
 
24 
 
 Entendre 
 
 Attendre 
 
 Repondre 
 
 Correspondre- 
 
 Defendre 
 
 Descendre 
 
 Fendre 
 
 Perdre 
 
 Vendu Sold. 
 
 Conjugate like Vendre. 
 -To hear. Repandre 
 
 -To wait for. Tordre 
 
 -To answer. Rendre 
 
 -To correspond. Pendre 
 -To defend. Dependre 
 
 -To go down. Etendre 
 
 -To split. Revendre 
 
 -To lose. 
 
 To spill. 
 To twist 
 To render. 
 To hang. 
 
 To depend. 
 To stretch. 
 
 To sell again. 
 
 VIVRE To live. 
 
 Read aloud the verb tre (page 26). 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je vis I am living, I do live, I live. 
 
 Nous vivons We are living, we do live, we live. 
 
 Us vivent They are living, they do live, they live. 
 
 Imperfect: Je vivais 1 was living, I used to live. 
 
 Present Participle: Vivant Living. 
 
 Imperative: Vis Live. Vivons Let us live. Vivez Live. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je vive That I live. 
 
 Past Participle: Vecu Lived. 
 
 Conjugate like Vivre. 
 Revivre To revive. 
 
 Survivre To survive. 
 
 Write the above verb in the 16 forms studied so far. 
 
 SUIVRE To follow. 
 Read aloud the verb tre. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 Je suis I am following, I do follow, I follow. 
 
 Nous suivons We are following, we do follow, we follow. 
 
 Us suivent They are following, they do follow, they follow. 
 
25 
 
 Imp.: Suis Follow. Suivons Let us follow. Suivez Follow. 
 
 Present Participle: Suivant Following. 
 
 Imperfect Je suivais 1 was following, I used to follow. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je suive That I follow. 
 
 Suivi Followed. 
 
 Poursuivre To pursue, or to prosecute is conjugated like Suivre. 
 
 BATTRE To beat. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je bats -I am beating, I do beat, I beat. 
 
 Nous battons We are beating, we do beat, we beat. 
 
 Us battent They are beating, they do beat, they beat. 
 
 Past Participle: Battu Beaten. 
 
 Write this verb in the 16 forms studied so far. For formation 
 of the Future and of the Conditional see page 10. 
 For the Compound Tenses see pages 19-20. 
 
 For the other Tenses formed by the Present Indicative see 
 page 7. 
 
 Conjugate like Battre. 
 
 Abattre To pull down. Combattre To fight. 
 
 Debattre To discuss. Rebattre To beat again. 
 
 PLAIRE To please. 
 
 Read aloud the verb fitre. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je plais 1 am pleasing, I do please, I please. 
 
 Nous plaisons We are pleasing, we do please, we please. 
 
 Us plaisent They are pleasing, they do please, they please. 
 
 Past Participle: Plu Pleased. 
 
 Write the whole verb. 
 
 Conjugate like Plaire. 
 Deplaire To displease. 
 
 Complaire To humor. 
 
26 
 
 TRE To be. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je suis I am. Suis-je Am I? 
 
 Tu es Th(*u art. Es-tu Art thou? 
 
 II est He is. Est-il Is he? 
 
 Nous sommes We are. Sommes-nous Are we? 
 
 Vous etes You are. Etes-vous Are you? 
 
 Us sont They are. Sont-ils Are they? 
 
 Je ne suis pas 1 am not. 
 
 Tu n'es pas Thou art not. 
 
 II n'est pas He is not. 
 
 Nous ne sommes pas We are not. 
 
 Vous n'etes pas You are not. 
 
 Us ne sont pas They are not. 
 
 C'est It is. 
 
 Ce n'est pas It is not. 
 
 Est-ce? Is it (pron. s) ? 
 
 N'est-ce pas? Is it not? 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 J'etais I was, I used to be. 
 
 Tu etais Thou wast, thou used to be. 
 
 II etait He was, he used to be. 
 
 Nous etions We were, we used to be. 
 
 Vous etiez You were, you used to be. 
 
 Us etaient They were, they used to be. 
 
 Etais-je Was I? Etions-nous Were we? 
 
 Etais-tu Wast thou? Etiez-vous Were you? 
 
 Etait-il Was he? Etaient-ils Were they? 
 
 Je n'etais pas I was not. 
 
 II n'etait pas He was not. 
 
 Nous n'etions pas We were not. 
 
 Vous n'etiez pas You were not. 
 Us n'etaient pas They were not. 
 C'etait It was. 
 
 Etait-ce Was it? 
 
 Present Participle: Etant Being (irr.). 
 
 Imperative: Sois Be. Soyons Let us be. Soyez Be. 
 
27 
 
 Je serai 
 
 Tu seras 
 II sera 
 Nous serons 
 Vous serez 
 Us seront 
 
 Je serais 
 Tu serais 
 II serait 
 Nous serions 
 Vous seriez 
 Us seraient 
 
 Que je sois 
 Que tu sois 
 Qu'il soit 
 Que nous soyons 
 Que vous soyez 
 Qu'ils soient 
 
 Future. 
 
 I shall or will be. 
 Thou wilst be. 
 He will be. 
 We will be. 
 You will be. 
 They will be. 
 
 Conditional 
 
 I would or should be. 
 Thou wouldst be. 
 He would be. 
 We would be. 
 You would be. 
 They would be. 
 
 Present Subjunctive, 
 
 That I be. 
 That thou be. 
 
 That he be. 
 That we be. 
 
 That you be. 
 That they be. 
 
 Past Participle: te 
 
 Pupils must know this verb perfectly, 
 forms in French and in English. 
 
 in all the 16 
 
 CONDUIRE To conduct, to drive. 
 
 Conduit Conducted. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je conduis -I am conducting, I do conduct, I conduct. 
 
 Nous conduisons-We are conducting, we do conduct, we conduct. 
 Us conduisent -They are conducting, they do conduct, they conduct 
 Imperative: Conduis Conduct. Conduisons Let us conduct. 
 Conduisez Conduct (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Conduisant Conducting. 
 
 Imperfect: J.e conduisais 1 was conducting, I used to conduct. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je conduise That I conduct. 
 
28 
 
 Conjugate like Conduire. 
 
 Construire To construct. Induire To induce. 
 
 Cuire To cook. Nuire To hurt. 
 
 Deduire To deduct. Reduire To reduce. 
 
 Detruire To destroy. Introduire To show in. 
 
 Instruire To instruct. Traduire To translate. 
 
 Produire To produce. 
 
 Read aloud the verb tre. 
 
 VAINCRE To vanquish. 
 Vaincu Vanquished. 
 
 Vaincre is seldom used in the Present and in the Imperfect o 
 the Indicative. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je vaincs I am vanquishing, I do vanquish, I vanquish. 
 
 Nous vainquons We are vanquishing, we do vanquish, we vanquisl 
 Us vainquent They are vanquishing, they do vanquish, the 
 
 vanquish. 
 
 Imperative: Vaincs Vanquish. Vainquons Let us vanquish. 
 Vainquez Vanquish (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Vainquant Vanquishing. 
 
 Imperfect: Je vainquais 1 was vanquishing, I used to vanquish 
 
 Present Subjunctive : Que je vainque That I vanquish. 
 
 Convaincre is conjugated like Vaincre. 
 
 CONNA1TRE To be acquainted with, to know by sight. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je connais 1 am knowing, I do know, I know. 
 
 Nous connaissons We are knowing, we do know, we know. 
 
 Us connaissent They are knowing, they do know, they knov 
 
 Imperative: Connais Know. Connaissons Let us know. 
 
 Connaissez Know. 
 
 Present Participle: Connaissant Knowing. 
 
 Imperfect: Je connaissais 1 was knowing, I used to know. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je connaisse That I know. 
 
29 
 
 Conjugate like Connaitre. 
 Paraitre To look. 
 
 Reconnaitre To recognize. 
 
 Reparaitre - To appear again. 
 
 Apparaitre To appear. 
 
 Disparaitre To disappear. 
 
 Comparaitre To appear before a court. 
 
 Write in all the tenses of the verb Paraitre. 
 
 BO IRE To drink. 
 
 Bu Drank. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je bois I am drinking, I do drink, I drink. 
 
 Nous buvons We are drinking, we do drink, we drink. 
 
 Us boivent They are drinking, they do drink, they drink. 
 
 Imperative: Bois Drink. Buvons Let us drink. Buvez Drink. 
 
 Present Participle: Buvant Drinking. 
 
 Imperfect: Je buvais 1 was drinking, I used to drink. 
 
 Present Subjunctive (irregular). 
 Que je boive That I drink. 
 
 Que nous buvions - That we drink. 
 
 CROIRE To Believe. 
 
 Cru Believed. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je crois I am believing, I do believe, I believe. 
 
 Nous croyons We are believing, we do believe, we believe. 
 Us croient They are believing, they do believe, they believe. 
 
 Imperative. 
 Crois Believe. Croyons Let us believe. Croyez Believe (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Croyant Believing. 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 Je croyais 1 was believing, I used to believe. 
 
 Nous croyions - We were believing, we used to believe. 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je croie That I believe. 
 
30 
 
 CRAINDRE To Fear. 
 
 Craint Feared. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je crains 1 am fearing, I do fear, I fear. 
 
 Nous craignons We mre fearing, we do fear, we fear. 
 
 Us craignent They are fearing, they do fear, they fear. 
 
 Imp: Grains Fear. Craignons Let us fear. Craignez Fear (you 
 
 Present Participle: Craignant Fearing. 
 
 Imperfect: Je craignais 1 was fearing, I used to fear. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je craigne That I fear. 
 
 Conjugate like Craindre. 
 
 Atteindre To reach. Eteindre To extinguisl 
 
 Peindre To paint. Teindre To dye. 
 
 Plaindre To pity. Joindre To join. 
 
 Write in all the tenses the verb Plaindre. 
 
 METTRE To put, or to put on. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je mets 1 am putting, I do put, I put. 
 
 Nous mettons We are putting, we do put, we put. 
 
 Us mettent They are putting, they do put, they put 
 
 Past Participle: Mis Put. 
 
 Write the whole verb. 
 
 Conjugate like Mettre. 
 Admettre To admit. 
 
 Promettre To promise. 
 
 Permettre To allow, or to permit. 
 
 Omettre To omit. 
 Commettre To commit. 
 
31 
 
 CUEILLIR To Pick. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je cueille 1 pick, I am picking. 
 
 Nous cueillons We pick, we are picking. 
 
 Us cueillent They pick, they are picking. 
 
 "Imperfect: Je cueillais 1 was picking, or used to pick. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je cueille That I pick up. 
 
 Future and Conditional: Je cueillerai 1 shall or will pick. 
 
 Past Participle: Cueilli Picked. 
 
 Conjugate like Cueillir. 
 Accueillir To welcome. 
 
 Tressaillir To start up. 
 
 Assaillir To assault. 
 
 But in the Future and Conditional: Je tressaillirai ; j'assaillirai. 
 
 BOUILLIR To Boil. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je bous I boil, I am boiling, I do boil. 
 
 Nous bouillons - We boil, we are boiling, we do boil. 
 Us bouillent They boil, they are boiling, they do boil. 
 
 Past Participle: Bouilli Boiled. 
 
 Write the whole verb. 
 
 CONCLURE To Conclude. 
 
 Infinitive: Conclure. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je conclus 1 conclude, I am concluding. 
 
 Nous concluons We conclude, we are concluding. 
 
 Us concluent They conclude, they are concluding. 
 
 Past Participle: Conclu Concluded. 
 
 Write the whole verb. 
 Conjugate the same: Exclure. 
 
32 
 
 VfiTIR To Clothe. 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je vets 1 clothe, I am clothing. 
 
 Nous vetons We clothe, we are clothing. 
 
 Us vetent They clothe, they are clothing. 
 
 Past Participle: Vetu Clothed. 
 
 Devetir to undress and Revetir to clothe are conjugated 
 like Vetir. 
 
 Write the whole verb Vetir. 
 
 SUFFIRE To Suffice. 
 
 Infinitive: Suffire. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je suffis 1 suffice. 
 
 Nous suffisons We suffice. 
 
 Us suffisent They suffice. 
 
 Past Participle: Suffi Sufficed. 
 
 Confire is conjugated the same, except in the Past Participle 
 (Confit). 
 
 Write the whole verb. 
 
 CRO1TRE To Grow, 
 
 Je crois 1 grow, I am growing. 
 
 Nous croissons We grow, we are growing. 
 
 Us croissent They grow, they are growing. 
 
 Past Participle: Cru Grown. 
 
 Conjugate like Croitre, Accroitre to increase, and Decroitre 
 to diminish. 
 
 Read the verb fitre aloud. 
 
 MOURIR To Die. 
 
 Je meurs I die, I am dying. 
 Nous mourons We die, we are dying. 
 Us meurent They die, they are dying. 
 
33 
 
 Present Subjunctive (irregular). 
 
 Que je meure That I die. 
 
 Que nous mourions That we die. 
 
 Future and Conditional (irr.) : Je mourrai 1 shall or will die. 
 
 Past Participle: Mort Dead. 
 
 ACQURIR To acquire. 
 Acquis Acquired. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 J'acquiers 1 am acquiring, I do acquire, I acquire. 
 
 Nous acquerons We are acquiring, we do acquire, we acquire. 
 
 Us acquierent They are acquiring, they do acquire, they 
 
 acquire. 
 
 Imperative: Acquiers Acquire. Acquerons Let us acquire. 
 
 Future and Conditional: J'acquerrai 1 will acquire. 
 
 Present Participle: Acquerant Acquiring. 
 
 Imperfect J'acquerais 1 was acquiring, I used to acquire. 
 
 Subjunctive: Que j'acquiere That I acquire. 
 
 Que nous acquerions That we acquire. 
 
 Read the verb Etre. 
 
 VOIR To see. 
 
 Vu Seen. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je vois 1 am seeing, I do see, I see. 
 
 Nous voyons - We are seeing, we do see, we see. 
 Us voient They are seeing, they do see, they see. 
 
 Future and Conditional: Je verrai 1 shall or will see. 
 
 Imperative: Vois See. Voyons Let us see. Voyez See (you). 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je voie That I see. 
 
 Present Participle: Voyant Seeing. 
 
 Imperfect: Je voyais 1 was seeing, I used to see. 
 
34 
 
 Conjugate like Voir. 
 
 Entrevoir To have a glimpse of. 
 
 Revoir To see again. 
 
 Prevoir To foresee; and Pourvoir To provide; are als< 
 
 conjugated like Voir, except in the Future and Conditional (J 
 prevoirai; je pourvoirai). 
 
 COURIR To run. 
 Couru Ran, Run. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je cours 1 am running, I do run, I run. 
 
 Nous courons We are running, we do run, we run. 
 
 Us courent They are running, they do run, they run. 
 
 Imp.: Cours Run. Courons Let us run. Courez Run (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Courant Running. 
 
 Imperfect: Je courais 1 was running, I used to run. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je coure That I run. 
 
 Future (irregular) : Je courrai 1 shall or will run. 
 
 Conjugate like Courir. 
 
 Accourir To run to. Encourir To incur. 
 
 Concourir To concur. Parcourir To run over. 
 
 Discount To discourse. Secourir To relieve. 
 
 RECEVOIR To receive. 
 Read aloud the verb tre. 
 
 Regu Received. 
 
 Je regois 1 am receiving, I do receive, I receive. 
 
 Nous recevonsi We are receiving, we do receive, we receive. 
 
 Us regoivent They are receiving, they do receive, they receive 
 
 Imperative: Regois Receive. Recevons Let us receive. 
 Recevez Receive (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Recevant Receiving. 
 
 Imperfect Je recevais 1 was receiving, I used to receive. 
 
35 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 Que je resolve That I receive. 
 
 Que nous recevions That we receive. 
 
 Future: Je recevrai 1 shall or will receive. 
 
 Conjugate like Recevoir. 
 
 Apercevoir To perceive. Concevoir To conceive. 
 
 Decevoir To deceive. Devoir To have to. 
 
 Note. All the Verbs ending in "cevoir" take a cedilla under the 
 "c" (c) before "o" and "u". 
 
 DEVOIR To have to, or to owe. 
 Du Had to or owed. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je dois 1 must, I have to I owe. 
 
 Nous devons We must, we have to we owe. 
 Us doivent They must, they have to they owe. 
 
 Present Participle: Devant Having to, or owing. 
 
 Imperfect: Je devais 1 had to, I was owing. 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 
 Que je doive That I owe, that I have to. 
 
 Que nous devions - That we have to, that we owe. 
 
 Future: Je devrai I'll have to, or I'll owe. 
 
 VALOIR To be worth. 
 
 Read the verb fitre. 
 Valu Been Worth. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je vaux 1 am worth. 
 
 II vaut He is worth. 
 
 Nous valons We are worth. 
 
 Us valent They are worth. 
 
36 
 
 Imperative: Vaux Be worth. Valons Let us be worth. 
 
 Valez Be worth (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Valant Being worth 
 
 Imperfect: Je valais 1 was worth. 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 Que je vaille That I be worth. 
 Que nous valions That we be worth. 
 
 Conjugate like Valoir. 
 
 Equivaloir To be equivalent. 
 
 Prevaloir To prevail. 
 
 S AVOIR To know (mental knowledge, information). 
 Su Known. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je sais 1 do know, I know. 
 
 Nous savons We do know, we know. 
 
 Us savent They do know, they know. 
 
 Imperfect: Je savais 1 knew, I used to know. 
 
 Imp.: Sache Know. Sachons Let us know. Sachez Know (you) 
 
 Present Participle: Sachant Knowing. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je sache That I know. 
 
 Que nous sachions That we know. 
 
 Future and Conditional (irr.) : Je saurai 1 shall or will know. 
 
 POUVOIR To be able, can. 
 
 Pu Been able. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je peux, or je puis 1 am able, I can. 
 
 Nous pouvons We are able, we can. 
 
 Us peuvent They are able, they can. 
 
 Puis-je Can I, or may I. 
 
 No Imperative. 
 Present Participle: Pouvant Being able. 
 
37 
 
 Imperfect: Je pouvais 1 could, or I was able. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je puisse That I be able. 
 
 Future (irr.) : Je pourrai 1 shall or will be able. 
 
 PRENDRE To take. 
 
 Pris Taken. 
 
 Read aloud the verb fitre. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je prends 1 am taking, I do take, I take. 
 
 Nous prenons We are taking, we do take, we take. 
 
 Us prennent They are taking, they do take, they take. 
 
 II prend He is taking, he does take, he takes. 
 
 Imp.: Prends Take. Prenons Let us take. Prenez Take (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Prenant Taking. 
 
 Imperfect: Je prenais 1 was taking, I used to take. 
 
 Subjunctive. 
 
 Que je prenne That I take. 
 Que nous prenions That we take. 
 
 Conjugate like Prendre. 
 
 Apprendre To learn. 
 
 Comprendre To understand. 
 
 Entreprendre To undertake. 
 
 Reprendre To take again. 
 
 Surprendre To surprise. 
 
 VOULOIR To want, to wish. 
 
 Read aloud the verb fitre. 
 
 Voulu Wanted. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 Je veux I want, I am wanting, I do want. 
 
 Nous voulons We want, we are wanting, we do want. 
 
 Us veulent They want, they are wanting, they do want. 
 
38 
 
 Imperative: Veuillez Please be kind enough to, 
 
 Veuille and Veuillons are rarely used. 
 Subjunctive. 
 
 Que je veuille That I want. 
 
 Que nous voulions That we want. 
 
 Present Participle: Voulant Wanting. 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 Je voulais 1 used to want, I was wanting. 
 
 Nous voulions We used to want, we were wanting. 
 
 Vous vouliez You used to want, you were wanting. 
 
 Future and Conditional (irregular). 
 
 Je voudrai 1 shall or will want. 
 
 Je voudrais 1 should or would want. 
 
 Je voudrais 1 wish or I would like. 
 
 FAIRE To do, or to make. 
 
 Fait Done or made. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je fais 1 am doing, I do. 
 
 Nous faisons We are doing, we do. 
 
 Vous faites You are doing, you do. 
 
 Us font They are doing, they do. 
 
 Imperative: Fais Do or make. Faisons Let us do or make, 
 
 Faites Do or make. 
 
 Present Participle: Faisant Doing or making. 
 
 Imperfect: Je faisais 1 was doing, I used to do. 
 
 Present Subjunctive: Que je fasse That I do or make. 
 
 Que nous fassions That we do or make. 
 
 Future and Conditional (irr.): Je ferai 1 shall do. 
 
 Conjugate like Faire. 
 
 Contrefaire To counterfeit. 
 
 Defaire To undo. 
 
 Forfaire To forfeit. 
 Parfaire To perfect. 
 Satisfaire To satisfy. 
 
39 
 
 ALLER To go. 
 
 Read aloud the verb fitre. 
 
 A116 Gone. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je vais 1 am going, I do go, I go. 
 
 Tu vas Thou art going, thou dost go, thou goest. 
 
 II va He is going, he does go, He goes. 
 
 Nous allons We are going, we do go, we go. 
 
 Vous allez You are going, you do go, you go. 
 
 Us vont They are going, they do go, they go. 
 
 Imperative. 
 
 Va Go. Allons Let us go. Allez Go (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Allant Going. 
 
 Imperfect: J'allais 1 was going, I used to go. 
 
 Present Subjunctive (irregular). 
 Que j'aille That I go. 
 Que nous allions That we go. 
 
 Future and Conditional (irregular) : J'irai 1 shall or will go. 
 
 VENIR To come. 
 Read aloud the verb fitre. 
 
 Venu Come. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je viens 1 am coming, I do come, I come. 
 
 Nous venons We are coming, we do come, we come. 
 
 Us viennent They are coming, they do come, they come. 
 
 Imperative. 
 
 Viens Come. Venons Let us come. Venez Come (you). 
 
 Present Participle: Venant Coming. 
 
 Imperfect: Je venais 1 was coming, I used to come. 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 
 Que je vienne That I come. 
 
 Que nous venions That we come, 
 
 
40 
 
 Future and Conditional (irregular). 
 
 Je viendrai 1 shall or will come. 
 
 Conjugate like Venir. 
 
 Revenir To come back. Convenir To suit. 
 
 Devenir To become. Intervenir To interfere. 
 
 Parvenir To reach. Prevenir To inform, 
 
 (se) Souvenir To remember. 
 
 TENIR To hold. 
 
 Present Indicative. 
 
 Je tiens I hold, I am holding. 
 
 Nous tenons We hold, we do hold. 
 
 Us tiennent They hold, they do hold. 
 
 Imperfect: Je tenais 1 was holding, I used to hold. 
 
 Imperative: Tiens Hold. Tenons Let us hold. Tenez Hold 
 
 Present Participle: Tenant Holding. 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 Que je tienne That I hold. 
 
 Que nous tenions That we hold. 
 
 Future (irregular) : Je tiendrai 1 shall or will hold. 
 
 Conjugate like Tenir. 
 
 S'abstenir To abstain. Maintenir To maintain. 
 Appartenir To belong. Obtenir To obtain. 
 Contenir To contain. Retenir To hold back. 
 
 IMPERSONAL VERBS. 
 
 FALLOIR To be necessary. 
 
 Fallu Been necessary. 
 
 11 taut It is necessary. 
 
 Faut-il? Is it necessary? 
 
 II fallait It was necessary. 
 
 II faudra It will be necessary. 
 
II pleut 
 Pleut-il 
 II pleuvait 
 II pleuvra' 
 Qu'il pleuve 
 
 41 
 
 PLEUVOIR To rain. 
 Plu Rained. 
 
 It is raining, it does rain, it rains. 
 
 Is it raining, does it rain? 
 
 It was raining, it used to rain. 
 
 It will rain. 
 
 That it rain. 
 
 Present Participle: Pleuvant Raining. 
 
 Y AVOIR To Be (impersonal). 
 
 II y a There is, or there are. 
 
 Y a-t-il Are there, or is there? 
 
 II y avait There was, there were. 
 
 Y avait-il Was there, were there? 
 
 II y aura There will be. 
 
 Qu'il y ait That there be. 
 
 II y a eu There has been. 
 
 S'AGIR To be the question. 
 
 II s'agit 
 II s'agissait 
 II s'agira 
 Qu'il s'agisse 
 
 S'agissant 
 
 -The question is. 
 -The question was. 
 The question will be. 
 That the question be. 
 The question being. 
 
 GELER To freeze. 
 
 Present Indicative: II gele It is freezing, it freezes. 
 
 Imperfect: II gelait It was freezing, it used to freeze. 
 
 Present Participle: Gelant Freezing. 
 
 II gelera It will freeze. 
 
42 
 
 GRELER To hail. 
 
 Present Indicative: II grele It is hailing, it hails. 
 
 Imperfect: II grelait It was hailing, it used to hail. 
 
 Present Participle: Grelant Hailing. 
 
 NEIGER To snow. 
 
 Present Indicative: II neige It is snowing, it snows. 
 
 Imperfect: II neigeait It was snowing, it used to snow. 
 
 Present Participle: Neigeant Snowing. 
 
 TONNER To thunder. 
 
 Present Indicative: II tonne It is thundering; it thunders. 
 
 Imperfect: II tonnait It was thundering; it used to thundei 
 
 Present Participle: Tonnant Thundering. 
 
 The irregularities of the English Imperfect are: 
 
 Je pouvais 1 could (when "could" is equivalent to "was 
 
 able"). 
 Je voulais I wanted (when "wanted" is equivalent t< 
 
 "was wishing"). 
 Je connaissais 1 knew (when "knew" is equivalent to "wa 
 
 acquainted with"). 
 
 Je savais I knew (for I was knowing). 
 
 Je devais I had to (equivalent to "was obliged to"). 
 
 Je pensais I thought. 
 
 Je portais I wore (equivalent to "had on"). 
 
 The exceptions of the French Imperatives are: 
 
 Ayons Let us have. Soyez Be. 
 
 Ayez Have. Sachons Let us know. 
 
 Soyons Let us be. Sachez Know. 
 
 Veuillez Please be kind enough to. 
 
 The exceptions of the French Present Participles are: 
 Ayant Having. Etant Being. Sachant Knowing. 
 
43 
 PAST PARTICIPLES. 
 
 Conjugated with the a 
 Eu Had. 
 fite Been. 
 Ouvert Open. 
 
 uxihary Av< 
 Cousu 
 Decousu 
 ficrit 
 Decrit 
 Prescrit 
 Inscrit 
 Souscrit 
 
 Dit 
 Contredit 
 Dedit 
 Medit 
 Predit 
 Interdit 
 Ri 
 Souri 
 Vendu 
 Entendu 
 Attendu 
 Attendu 
 Repondu 
 Defendu 
 Descendu 
 Fendu 
 
 Repandu 
 Tordu 
 Rendu 
 Vecu 
 Survecu 
 Suivi 
 Poursuivi 
 Battu 
 Abattu 
 Debattu 
 Combattu 
 Rebattu 
 
 >ir are: 
 Sewed. 
 Unsewed. 
 Written. 
 Described. 
 
 
 Offert Offered. 
 Lu Read. 
 
 Inscribed. 
 Subscribed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Desservi Cleared the table, 
 Menti Lied. 
 Dementi Contradicted. 
 Senti Felt. * 
 Consenti Consented. 
 Pressenti Foreseen. 
 Ressenti Resented. 
 Fini Finished. 
 Uni United. 
 
 Disowned. 
 -Slandered. 
 
 Forbidden. 
 Laughed. 
 
 Sold 
 
 -Heard. 
 Expected. 
 
 Rousri Blushed 
 
 
 Gueri Cured. 
 Vieilli Grown old. 
 Garni Trimmed. 
 
 Forbidden. 
 Gone down. 
 Split. 
 
 T rof 
 
 Choisi Chosen. 
 Sali Soiled. 
 Rempli Fulfilled. 
 Reussi Succeeded. 
 Peri Perished. 
 Obei Obeyed. 
 Desobei Disobeyed. 
 N^ourri Fed 
 
 Spilled. 
 Twisted. 
 Rendered. 
 Lived. 
 Survived. 
 Followed. 
 Pursued. 
 
 Averti Advertised. 
 Grossi Grown big. 
 TTsiT TTQtfH 
 
 Pulled down. 
 Discussed. 
 Fought. 
 Beaten again. 
 
 Fui Flown. 
 
44 
 
 Plu 
 Deplu 
 Complu 
 Conduit 
 Construit 
 Cuit 
 Deduit 
 Instruit 
 Produit 
 Induit 
 Nui 
 Reduit 
 Introduit 
 Vaincu 
 Convaincu 
 Connu 
 Reconnu 
 Paru 
 Disparu 
 Apparu 
 Bu 
 Cru 
 Craint 
 Attaint 
 Peint 
 Plaint 
 Eteint 
 Teint 
 Joint 
 Mis 
 Admis 
 Promis 
 Permis 
 Omis 
 Commis 
 Bouilli 
 Conclu 
 Cru 
 Accru 
 Suffi 
 
 Pleased. 
 Displeased. 
 
 VStu 
 Tressailli 
 Cueilli 
 Accueilli 
 Resolu 
 Acquis 
 Conquis 
 Vu 
 Revu 
 Prevu 
 Pourvu 
 Couru 
 Accouru 
 Concouru 
 Parcouru 
 Secouru 
 Regu 
 Apergu 
 Degu 
 Congu 
 Du 
 Du 
 Valu 
 fiquivalu 
 Su 
 Pu 
 Pris 
 Appris 
 Compris 
 Entrepris 
 Repris 
 Voula 
 Fait 
 Satisfait 
 Tenu 
 Retenu 
 Appartenu 
 Plu 
 Fallu 
 11 ya eu 
 
 Clothed. 
 
 PirWrl 
 
 Conducted. 
 
 
 Resolved. 
 Acquired. 
 Conquered. 
 
 Cooked 
 
 Deducted. 
 Instructed. 
 
 Seen again. 
 Foreseen. 
 
 Induced. 
 Hurt. 
 Reduced. 
 
 T?nn 
 
 Ran to. 
 Concurred. 
 
 Vanquished. 
 Convinced. 
 Known. 
 Recognized. 
 Looked. 
 Disappeared. 
 
 .. -Relieved 
 
 Received. 
 Perceived. 
 
 Conceived. 
 Had to. 
 OivpH 
 
 Drunk. 
 Believed. 
 
 Been worth. 
 Been equivalent. 
 Known. 
 Been able. 
 Taken. 
 Learned. 
 Understood. 
 Undertaken. 
 Taken again. 
 
 Wsnfprl 
 
 Reached. 
 Painted. 
 
 PitipH 
 
 Extinguished. 
 Dyed. 
 
 Put (on). 
 Admitted. 
 
 Allowed. 
 Omitted. 
 
 Done or made. 
 
 Held. 
 -Held back. 
 
 Boiled. 
 Concluded. 
 
 Rained. 
 Been necessary. 
 There has been. 
 
 Increased. 
 Sufficed. 
 
45 
 
 VERBS WHICH HAVE PECULIARITIES. 
 
 Verbs ending in the Infinitive by "cer" take a cedilla under the 
 "c" before "o" and "a" to soften the "c". For example: 
 
 Nous commensons We begin. 
 
 Je commengais I was beginning. 
 
 Nous avangons We advance. 
 
 J'avangais I was advancing. 
 
 Verbs ending in "ger", like manger, to eat; partager, to partake; 
 voyager, to travel, etc., take an "e" euphonic after the "g" before 
 "o" and "a" to soften the "g": 
 
 Nous mangeons We eat. Nous voyageons We travel. 
 
 Verbs ending in "eler" and "eter" take two "1's" and two "t's" 
 before a silent syllable. 
 
 J'appelle 
 Nous appelons 
 
 Exceptions: 
 J'achete 
 11 achete 
 Us achetent 
 
 Verbs ending in 
 silent syllable: 
 
 Je m'ennuie 
 Nous nous enn 
 J'emploie 
 
 T'AtTTnlr*i/aic 
 
 1 call. Je jette 1 throw. 
 \Ve call. Nous jetons We throw. 
 
 x Duy. 
 He buys. 
 They buy. 
 
 "oyer" or "uyer" change the "y" to "i" before a 
 
 1 i eel lonely. 
 Luvons \Ve feel lonelv 
 
 I emolov 
 
 -T -U7QC pm-nlriArincy 
 
 Verbs ending in "ener" take an accent ( s ) on the first "e" before 
 a silent syllable: 
 
 Promener To take . . . for a walk. 
 
 tje promene 
 Nous promenons 
 
 Verbs having an "e" at the last syllable of the radical change it 
 to "e" before "e", "es", "ent": 
 
 Preferer Je prefere Nous preferons 
 
 but Creer Je Cree Nous creons 
 
46 
 
 Avoir 
 tre 
 Ouvrir 
 Souffrir 
 Couvrir 
 Offrir 
 Lire 
 Dormir 
 Servir 
 Mentir 
 Dementir 
 Sentir 
 Consentir 
 Pressentir 
 Ressentir 
 Finir 
 Unir 
 Saisir 
 Rougir 
 Guerir 
 Vieillir 
 Garnir 
 Agir 
 Choisir 
 Salir 
 Remplir 
 Reussir 
 Perir 
 Obeir 
 Desobeir 
 Nourrir 
 Avertir 
 Grossir 
 Hair 
 Coudrs 
 Fuir 
 Decoudre 
 Conduire 
 
 INFIN 
 To have. 
 To be. 
 To open. 
 To suffer. 
 To cover. 
 To offer. 
 To read. 
 To sleep. 
 To serve. 
 To lie. 
 To contradict. 
 
 Tn fpp! 
 
 ITIVES. 
 ficrire 
 Decrire 
 Prescrire 
 Souscrire 
 Transcrire 
 Dire 
 Contredire 
 Dedire 
 Medire 
 Predire 
 Rire de 
 Sourire 
 Vendre 
 Entendre 
 Attendre 
 Repondre 
 Interrompre 
 Correspondn 
 Defendre 
 Descendre 
 Perdre 
 Repandre 
 Rendre 
 Vivre 
 Survivre 
 Suivre 
 Poursuivre 
 Battre 
 Abattre 
 Debattre 
 Combattre 
 Plaire 
 Deplaire 
 Vetir 
 Cuire 
 Suffire 
 Construire 
 Cueillir 
 
 To write. 
 To describe. 
 To prescribe. 
 To subscribe. 
 To transcribe. 
 To tell. 
 To contradict. 
 To disown. 
 To slander. 
 To predict. 
 To laugh at. 
 
 To consent. 
 To foresee. 
 To resent. 
 To finish. 
 To unite. 
 To seize. 
 To blush. 
 To cure. 
 
 To sell. 
 To hear. 
 
 To answer. 
 To interrupt. 
 5 To correspond. 
 To forbid. 
 To go down. 
 
 To trim. 
 
 Tn nrt 
 
 .... _. To soill 
 
 To render. 
 To live. 
 To survive. 
 To follow. 
 To pursue. 
 To beat. 
 To Dull down 
 
 To choose. 
 
 To fulfill. 
 To succeed. 
 To perish. 
 
 To disobey. 
 -To feed. 
 
 To discuss. 
 To fight. 
 To please. 
 
 To grow big. 
 To hate. 
 
 To clothe. 
 
 Tr flpp 
 
 
 To unsew. 
 To conduct. 
 
 To construct. 
 To pick. 
 
Instruire To instruct. 
 Produire To produce. 
 
 Acquerir 
 Conquerir 
 Voir" 
 Revoir 
 Prevoir 
 Pourvoir 
 Courir 
 Accourir 
 Concourir 
 Parcourir 
 Secourir 
 Recevoir 
 Apercevoir 
 Decevoir 
 Concevoir 
 Devoir 
 Valoir 
 fiquivaloir 
 Savoir 
 S'asseoir 
 Pleuvoir 
 Falloir 
 Yavoir 
 Pouvoir 
 Prendre 
 Apprendre 
 Comprendre 
 Reprendre 
 Surprendre 
 Vouloir 
 Venir 
 Devenir 
 Revenir 
 Prevenir 
 Tenir 
 Retenir 
 Appartenir 
 Aller 
 S'en aller 
 
 To acquire. 
 To conquer. 
 
 Tn c^f* 
 
 Wiiir** Tn Tinrf- 
 
 
 Reduire To reduce. 
 Introduire To show in. 
 Vaincre To vanquish. 
 Convaincre To convince. 
 
 To foresee. 
 To provide. 
 To run. 
 To run to. 
 To concur. 
 To run over. 
 
 Reconnsitre To recognize 
 
 Paraitre To look. 
 Disparaitre - To disappear. 
 Apparaitre To appear. 
 
 "Roirf 1 Tn Hrinlr 
 
 To receive. 
 To perceive. 
 To deceive. 
 
 Croire To believe. 
 Craindre To fear. 
 Atteindre To reach. 
 
 
 To be worth. 
 
 Plaindre To pity, 
 fiteindre To extinguish. 
 
 TVinrlrf* Tn r\\ r f* 
 
 
 To sit. 
 To rain. 
 
 Toindrc To ioin 
 
 Mettre To put; put on. 
 Admettre To admit. 
 
 To be (imp.). 
 To be able. 
 nr/-> +^1.^ 
 
 Permettre To permit. 
 Omettre To omit. 
 Conmettre - To commit. 
 
 "Rnnillir Tn hnil 
 
 To learn. 
 To understand. 
 - - 'To take acrain 
 
 To surprise. 
 To want. 
 To come. 
 
 Mourir To die. 
 Naitre To be born. 
 
 Croitrc ~ To 2fro"w 
 
 To come again. 
 To inform. 
 To hold. 
 To hold back. . 
 To belong to. 
 To go. 
 To go away. 
 
 Accroitre To increase. 
 Faire To do, to make. 
 
 Dfair* Tn nnrln 
 
 Satisfaire To satisfy. 
 Accueillir To welcome. 
 Resoudre To resolve. 
 
48 
 
 FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL. 
 
 The Infinitives end in r or in re. 
 
 The Infinitive forms the Future and the Conditional by dropping 
 the final r or re and replacing it by the following endings: 
 
 Endings of the future: Endings of the conditional: 
 
 Je rai Nous rons Je rais Nous rions 
 
 Tu ras Vous rez Tu rais Vous riez 
 
 II ra Us ront II rait Us raient 
 
 The Future is equivalent to shall or will. 
 
 The Conditional is equivalent to should or would. 
 
 Verbs regular in the Future are also regular in the Conditional. 
 
 The regular Futures are: 
 
 Je Krai 
 J'ouvrirai 
 Je souffrirai 
 Je couvrirai 
 J'offrirai 
 Je dormirai 
 Je servirai 
 Je mentirai 
 Je dementirai 
 Je sentirai 
 Je consentirai 
 Je pressentirai 
 Je ressentirai 
 Je finirai 
 Je rougirai 
 J'unirai 
 Je saisirai 
 
 1 shall or will read. 
 I shall open. 
 1 shall suffer. 
 1 snail cover. 
 
 I shall offer. 
 I shall sleep. 
 I hall erve 
 
 1 shall lie. 
 I o hall contradict 
 
 I shall feel. 
 I ^hall con c ent 
 
 1 shall foresee. 
 I '"hall re c ent 
 
 1 shall finish. 
 I hall bluh 
 
 ., 1 shall unite 
 I shall seize 
 
49 
 
 Je guerirai 
 Je vieillirai 
 Je garnirai 
 J'agirai 
 Je choisirai 
 Je salirai 
 Je remplirai 
 Je reussirai 
 Je perirai 
 J'obeirai 
 Je desobeirai 
 Je nourrirai 
 J'avertirai 
 Je hai'rai 
 Je fuirai 
 Je coudrai 
 Je decoudrai 
 J'ecrirai 
 Je decrirai 
 Je prescrirai 
 J'inscrirai 
 Je souscrirai 
 Je transcrirai 
 Je dirai 
 Je contredirai 
 Je dedirai 
 Je medirai 
 Je predirai 
 J'interdirai 
 Je rirai 
 Je sourirai 
 Je vendrai 
 J'entendrai 
 J'attendrai 
 Je repondrai 
 Je defendrai 
 Je descendrai 
 
 TA -pAn/lrai 
 
 1 shall cure. 
 
 I shn.ll trim 
 
 I shall ace. 
 1 shall choose. 
 I shali soil. 
 1 shall fulfill. 
 .... j shall succeed 
 
 I shall perish. 
 1 shall obey. 
 1 shall disobey. 
 
 T cVmll fppH 
 
 _ .j shall advertise 
 
 I shall hate. 
 I shall flee. 
 I shall sew. 
 
 _ j shill \vritc 
 
 1 shall describe. 
 1 shall prescribe. 
 
 ... .. J shall subscribe 
 
 1 shall transcribe. 
 I shall tell. 
 
 
 1 shall slander. 
 1 shall predict. 
 I shall forbid. 
 
 1 shall smile. 
 I shall sell. 
 1 shall hear. 
 I shall expect. 
 1 shall answer. 
 I shall forbid. 
 I shall go down. 
 
 T cl-io11 cr1if 
 
Je perdrai I shall lose, 
 
 Je repandrai I shall spilL 
 Je tordrai I shall twist 
 
 Je rendrai I shall render. 
 
 Je vivrai I shall live. 
 
 Je survivrai I shall survive. 
 Je suivrai I shall follow. 
 
 Je poursuivrai 1 shall pursue. 
 
 Je battrai I shall beat. 
 
 J'abattrai I shall pull down. 
 
 Je debattrai I shall discuss. 
 
 Je combattrai 1 shall fight. 
 
 Je rebattrai I shall beat again, 
 
 Je plairai I shall please. 
 
 Je deplairai I shall displease. 
 
 Je complairai - I shall humor. 
 Je conduirai I shall conduct. 
 
 Je construirai 1 shall construct. 
 
 Je cuirai I shall cook. 
 
 Je deduirai I shall deduct. 
 
 J'instruirai I shall instruct. 
 
 Je produirai I shall produce. 
 J'induirai I shall induce. 
 
 Je nuirai I shall hurt. 
 
 Je reduirai I shall reduce. 
 
 J'introduirai I shall show in. 
 Je vaincrai I shall vanquish. 
 
 Je convaincrai 1 shall convince. 
 
 Je connaitrai I shall know. 
 
 Je reconnaitrai 1 shall recognize. 
 
 Je paraitrai I shall look. 
 
 Je disparaitrai 1 shall disappear. 
 
 J'apparaitrai I shall appear. 
 Je boirai I shall drink. 
 
 Je croirai I shall believe. 
 
 Je craindrai I shall fear. 
 J'atteindrai I shall reach. 
 
 Je peindrai I shall paint. 
 
Je plaindrai 
 J'eteindrai 
 Je teindrai 
 Je joindrai 
 Je mettrai 
 J'admettrai 
 Je promettrai 
 Je permettrai 
 J'omettrai 
 Je commettrai 
 Je bouillirai 
 Je conclurai 
 Je croitrai 
 Je suffirai 
 Je vetirai 
 Je tressaillirai 
 J'assaillirai 
 Je resoudrai 
 
 Verbs IRREGU 
 onditional: 
 
 J'aurai 
 Je serai 
 Je cueillerai 
 J'accueillerai 
 Je courrai 
 J'accourrai 
 Je concourrai 
 Je parcourrai 
 Je secourrai 
 Je recevrai 
 * J'apercevrai 
 Je decevrai 
 Je concevrai 
 Je devrai 
 Je vaudrai 
 T'enuivaudrai 
 
 1 shall pity. 
 shall extinguish. 
 ! shall dye. 
 ; shall join. 
 shall put (on). 
 shall admit. 
 shall promise. 
 ! shall allow. 
 1 shall omit. 
 
 I "hall boil 
 
 I shall conclude. 
 1 shall grow. 
 
 IQlisH rlntVtf* 
 
 I shall start up. 
 I shall assault. 
 
 LAR in the Future are also irregular in the 
 
 I shall or will have. 
 I shall be. 
 I shall oick 
 
 I shall welcome. 
 
 ...... j shall run to 
 
 I shall concur. 
 
 I shall relieve. 
 1 shall receive. 
 I shall perceive. 
 
 1 shall conceive. 
 I shall have to. 
 I shall be worth. 
 
 T cli^H hp pniiii7Qlfnf 
 
Je prevaudrai 1 shall prevail 
 
 Je saurai 1 shall know. 
 
 Je pourrai I shaH be abic. 
 
 Je voudrai I shall want 
 
 Je ferai I shall do or make- 
 
 Je contreferai 1 shall counterfeit. 
 
 Je deferai I shall undo. 
 
 Je satisferai 1 shall satisfy. 
 
 J'irai I shall go. 
 
 Je m'en irai I shall go away. 
 Je viendrai I shall come. 
 
 Je deviendrai - I shall become. 
 Je reviendrai I shall come back. 
 
 J'interviendrai 1 shall interfere. 
 
 J'assierai I shall sit. 
 
 Je previendrai 1 shall inform. 
 
 Je tiendrai I shall hold. 
 
 Je retiendrai I shall hold back. 
 
 J'appartiendrai 1 shall belong. 
 
 Je mourrai I shall die. 
 
 Je verrai 1 shall see. 
 
 Je reverrai I shall see again. 
 
 J'enverrai I shall send. 
 
 J'acquerrai I shall acquire. 
 
 Je conquerrai - I shall conquer. 
 
 II faudra It will be necessary. 
 II y aura There will be. 
 
 II pleuvra It will rain. 
 
 Note The English expression, I wish, or I would like, is ex- 
 pressed in French "Je voudrais". 
 
 Could expresses in English either the Imperfect or the Con- 
 ditional. In French, if could can be replaced by "was able", the 
 Imperfect is used, but if "could" can be replaced by "would be 
 able", the Conditional must be used. 
 
Je pouvais 
 II pouvait 
 Nous pouvions 
 Vous pouviez 
 Us pouvaient 
 
 53 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 -I could (meaning was able;. 
 -He could (was able). 
 -We could (were able). 
 -You could (were able). 
 -They could (were able). 
 
 Je pourrais 
 II pourrait 
 Nous pourrions 
 Vous pourriez 
 Us pourraient 
 
 Je devrais 
 II devrait 
 Nous devrions 
 Vous devriez 
 Us devraient 
 
 J'aurais du 
 Tu aurais du 
 II aurait du 
 Nous aurions du 
 Vous auriez du 
 Us auraient du 
 
 Conditional. 
 
 -I could (would be able). 
 -He could (would be able). 
 -We could (would be able). 
 -You could (would be able). 
 -They could (would be able). 
 
 -I should or I ought to. 
 -He should or he ought to. 
 -We should or we ought to. 
 -You should or you ought to. 
 -They should or they ought to. 
 
 -I should have or I ought to have. 
 -Thou should have or ought to have. 
 -He should have or he ought to have. 
 -We should have or ought to have. 
 -You should have or ought to have. 
 -They should have or ought to have. 
 
 SI If. 
 
 The English expression: If I should, if we should, if you should, 
 etc., is expressed in French by the Imperfect. If we should write, 
 in French is SI NOUS 3CRIVIONS (If we were writing). If 
 you should do, in French is SI VOUS FAISIEZ (If you were 
 doing). 
 
 The verb following Si can never be in the Conditional. 
 
 If the verb which follows SI is in the Present, the other verb 
 must be in the future. If the verb following SI is in the Imperfect, 
 the other verb must be in the Conditional. For example: 
 
 S'il pleut, nous irons au theatre. 
 
 S'il pleuvait, nous irions au theatre. 
 
54 
 
 PAST PARTICIPLES CONJUGATED WITH THE AUXIL- 
 IARY TRE ARE: 
 
 Alle Gone. Entre Gone in. 
 
 Sorti Gone out. Descendu Gone down. 
 
 Parti Started. Ne Born. 
 
 Venu Come. Mort Died. 
 
 Revenu Come back. Decede Deceased. 
 
 Arrive Arrived. Echu Due. 
 
 The Infinitive tre followed by any of the above Participles 
 forms the Perfect Infinitive: 
 
 fitre alle To have gone. 
 
 The Present Participle fitant followed by any of the above Past 
 Participles forms the Perfect Participle: 
 fitant revenu Having come back. 
 
 The Imperfect J'etais, etc., followed by one of the above Past 
 Participles, forms the Pluperfect: 
 
 J'etais arrive I had arrived. 
 
 The Future Je serai followed by a Past Participle forms the 
 Perfect Future. 
 
 The Conditional Je serais followed by a Past Participle forms the 
 Past Conditional. 
 
 Je serai alle 1 shall have gone. 
 
 Je serais alle 1 would have gone. 
 
 The Subjunctive Que je sois followed by one of the above Past 
 Participles forms the Perfect Subjunctive: 
 
 Que je sois alle That I have gone. 
 
 The Present Indicative Je suis followed by one of the above 
 Past Participles forms the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite. 
 Observe the three meanings in English: Je suis alle I went, I did 
 go, I have gone. 
 
 Note. Gone at the end of a sentence is nearly always Parti. 
 The Past Participle conjugated with the auxiliary tre agrees 
 in Gender and in Number with the subject, either noun or pro- 
 noun. 
 
 ALLER To Go. 
 
 Perfect Infinitive: tre alle To have gone. 
 
 Perfect Participle: Etant alle Having gone. 
 
 Past Indefinite Present Perfect. 
 
 Je suis alle 1 went, I did go, I have gone. 
 
 Tu es alle Thou wentest, thou hast gone. 
 
 H est alle He went, he did go, he has gone 
 
55 
 
 Nous sommes alles We went, we did go, we have gone. 
 
 Vous etes alles You went, you did go, you have gone. 
 
 Us sont alles They went, they did go, they have gone. 
 
 Pluperfect. 
 
 J'etais alle I had gone. 
 
 Tu etais alle Thou had gone. 
 
 II etait alle He had gone. 
 
 Nous etions alles - We had gone. 
 
 Vous etiez alle(s) You had gone. 
 
 Us etaient alles They had gone. 
 
 Perfect Future. 
 
 Je serai alle I shall have gone. 
 
 Tu seras alle Thou shalt have gone. 
 
 II sera alle He will have gone. 
 
 Nous serons alles - We will have gone. 
 
 Vous serez alle(s) You will have gone. 
 
 Us seront alles They will have gone. 
 
 Past Conditional. 
 
 Je serais alle I should have gone. 
 
 Tu serais alle Thou would have gone. 
 
 II serait alle He would have gone. 
 
 Nous serions alles We would have gone. 
 
 Vous seriez alle(s) You would have gone. 
 
 Us seraient alles They would have gone. 
 
 Perfect Sunjunctive. 
 
 Que je sois alle That I have gone. 
 
 Que tu sois alle That thou have gone. 
 
 Qu'il soit alle That he have gone. 
 
 Que nous soyons alles That we have gone. 
 
 Que vous soyez alle(s) - That you have gone. 
 Qu'ils soient alles That they have gone. 
 
 Write in all the compound tenses the verbs which take the 
 .auxiliary fitre. 
 
56 
 
 Present Subjunctive. 
 
 The Present of the Subjunctive is used in French after the verbs 
 Vouloir, Aimer, Desirer in all their tenses and after: 
 
 II faut que 
 
 Est-ce possible que 
 
 A moins que 
 
 Pour que 
 
 Afin que 
 
 Bien que or quoi que 
 
 -It is necessary that. 
 
 -Is it possible that? 
 
 -Unless. 
 
 -So that. 
 
 -In order that. 
 
 -Though or although, etc. 
 
 The Subjunctive is equivalent to: If I may, etc. In the Sub- 
 junctive the three persons singular and the third person plural are 
 always pronounced the same. 
 
 The Subjunctive is formed by the first person plural of the 
 Present Indicative by dropping ons and replacing it by: 
 Je e Nous ions 
 
 Tu es Vous iez 
 
 II e Us ent 
 
 The irregular Subjunctives 
 II faut 
 Que j'aie 
 Que nous ayons 
 Que je sois 
 Que nous soyons 
 Que je fuie 
 Que nous fuyions 
 Que je rie 
 Que nous riions 
 Que je boive 
 Que nous buvions 
 Que je croie 
 Que nous croyions 
 Que j'acquiere 
 Que nous acquerions 
 Que je conquiere 
 Que nous conquerions 
 Que je voie 
 Que nous voyions 
 Que je prevoie 
 Que nous preevoyions 
 
 are: 
 It is necessary. 
 
 That I have. 
 That we have. 
 
 That I be. 
 That we be. 
 
 That I flee. 
 
 That we flee. 
 
 That I laugh. 
 
 That we laugh. 
 
 That I drink. 
 That we drink. 
 
 That I believe. 
 
 That we believe. 
 
 That I acquire. 
 
 That we acquire. 
 
 That I conquer. 
 
 That we conquer. 
 
 That I see. 
 
 That we see. 
 
 That I forsee. 
 
 That we foresee. 
 
57 
 
 Que je pourvoie 
 
 Que nous pourvoyions - 
 
 Que je regoive 
 
 Que nous recevions 
 
 Que j'apergoive 
 
 Que nous apercevions 
 
 Que je congoive 
 
 Que nous concevions 
 
 Que je doive 
 
 Que nous devions 
 
 Que je vaille 
 
 Que nous valions 
 
 Que je prevaille 
 
 Que nous prevalions 
 
 Que je sache 
 
 Que nous sachions 
 
 Que je puisse 
 
 Que nous puissons 
 
 Que je prenne 
 
 Que nous prenions 
 
 Que j'apprenne 
 
 Que nous apprenions 
 
 Que je comprenne 
 
 Que nous comprenions - 
 
 Que je veuille 
 
 Que nous voulions 
 
 Que je fasse 
 
 Que nous fassions 
 
 Que je defasse 
 
 Que nous defassions 
 
 Que je satisfasse 
 
 Que nous satisfassions - 
 
 Que je vienne 
 
 Que nous venions 
 
 Que je devienne 
 
 Que nous devenions 
 
 Que je revienne 
 
 Que nous revenions 
 
 That I provide. 
 That we provide. 
 That I receive. 
 -That we receive. 
 That I perceive. 
 That we perceive. 
 That I conceive. 
 That we conceive. 
 -That I have to. 
 That we have to. 
 -That I be worth. 
 That we be worth. 
 That I prevail. 
 That we prevail. 
 -That I know. 
 That we know. 
 -That I be able. 
 That we be able. 
 -That I take. 
 -That we take. 
 That I learn. 
 That we learn. 
 That I understand. 
 That we understand. 
 That I want. 
 That we want. 
 -That I do. 
 That we do. 
 That I undo. 
 That we undo. 
 -That I satisfy. 
 That we satisfy. 
 That I come. 
 That we come. 
 That I become. 
 That we become. 
 That I come back. 
 That we come back. 
 
58 
 
 Que je previenne That I inform. 
 
 Que nous prevenions That we inform. 
 
 Que je tienne That I hold. 
 
 Que nous tenions That we hold. 
 
 Que je retienne That I hold back. 
 
 Que nous retenions That we hold back 
 
 Que j'appartienne That I belong. 
 
 Que nous appartenions That we belong. 
 
 Que je meure That I die. 
 
 Que nous mourions That we die. 
 
 Que je m'asseye That I sit. 
 
 Que nous nous asseyions That we sit. 
 
 Que je m'en aille That I go away. 
 
 Que nous nous en allions That we go away. 
 
 Que j'aille That I go. 
 
 Que nous allions That we go. 
 
 Que j'envoie That I send. 
 
 Que nous envoyions That we send. 
 
 Qu'il y ait -That there be. 
 
 Qu'il faille That it be necessary. 
 
 Qu'il pleuve That it rain. 
 
 VERBS REFLECTIVE. 
 
 The verbs Reflective, or so-called pronominal, are conjugated 
 with two pronouns: 
 
 Je me Nous nous 
 Tu te Vous vous 
 II se. Us se. 
 
 The second pronoun is always placed immediately before the 
 verb, or before the auxiliary in the compound tenses. In the 
 affirmative Imperative the pronouns are placed after the verb. 
 The Reflective verbs are conjugated exactly like the other verbs. 
 In compound tenses they take the auxiliary fitre. 
 
 Je me repose 1 rest myself. 
 
 Tu te reposes Thou resteth thyself. 
 
 II se repose He rests himself. 
 
 Nous nous reposons We rest ourselves. 
 
 Vous vous reposez - You rest yourself. 
 
 Us se reposent They rest themselves. 
 
59 
 
 Je ne me repose pas 
 
 Nous ne nous reposons pas - 
 
 Je me reposais 
 
 Nous nous reposions 
 
 Je me suis repose 
 
 Nous nous sommes reposes - 
 
 Je m'etais repose 
 
 Nous nous etions reposes 
 
 Je me reposerai 
 
 Nous nous reposerons 
 
 Je me reposerais 
 
 Je me serais repos6 
 
 Repose-toi 
 
 Reposons-nous 
 
 Reposez-vous 
 
 Que je me repose 
 
 Que je me sois repose 
 
 -I do not rest myself. 
 
 -We do not rest ourselves. 
 
 -I was resting myself. 
 
 -We were resting ourselves. 
 
 -I rested myself. 
 
 -We rested ourselves. 
 
 -I had rested myself. 
 
 -We had rested ourselves. 
 
 -I shall rest myself. 
 
 -We shall rest ourselves. 
 
 -I should rest myself. 
 
 -I should have rested myself. 
 
 -Rest thyself. 
 
 -Let us rest ourselves. 
 
 -Rest yourself. 
 
 -That I rest myself. 
 
 -That I have rested myself. 
 
 S'asseoir To sit down. 
 
 Je m'assieds 
 
 II s'assied 
 
 Nous nous asseyons 
 
 Vous vous asseyez 
 
 Us s'asseyent 
 
 Je m'asseyais 
 
 Nous nous asseyions 
 
 Vous vous etes assis 
 
 Us se sont assis 
 
 Nous nous etions assis - 
 
 Je m'assierai 
 
 Nous nous assierons 
 
 Je me serai assis 
 
 Je m'assierais 
 
 Je me serais assis 
 
 Assieds-toi 
 
 Asseyons-nous 
 
 Asseyez-vous 
 
 Que je m'asseye 
 
 Que je me sois assis 
 
 -I sit down. 
 -He sits down. 
 -We sit down. 
 -You sit down. 
 -They sit down. 
 -I was sitting down. 
 -We were sitting down. 
 -You sat down. 
 -They sat down. 
 -We had sat down. 
 -I will sit down. 
 -We will sit down. 
 -I will have sat down. 
 -I should sit down. 
 -I should have sat down. 
 -Sit down (thou). 
 -Let us sit down. 
 -Sit down (you). 
 -That I sit down. 
 -That I have sat down. 
 
60 
 
 S'en aller To go away. 
 
 "En" always stands immediately before the verb except in the 
 affirmative Imperative. 
 
 Je m'en vais 1 go away, I am going away. 
 
 II s'en va He goes away, he is going away. 
 
 Nous nous en allons We go away, we are going away. 
 
 Vous vous en allez You go away, you are going away 
 
 Us s'en vont They go away, they are going aw; 
 
 Je m'en allais 1 was going away. 
 
 Nous nous en allions We were going away. 
 
 Je m'en suis alle 1 went away. 
 
 Nous nous en sommes alles We went away. 
 
 Je m'en etais alle 1 had gone away. 
 
 Je m'en irai I shall go away. 
 
 Je m'en serai alle 1 shall have gone away. 
 
 Je m'en irais 1 would go away. 
 
 Je m'en serais alle 1 would have gone away. 
 
 Va-t-en Go away (thou). 
 
 Allons-nous-en Let us go away. 
 
 Allez- vous-en Go away (you). 
 
 Que je m'en aille That I go away. 
 
 Que nous nous en allions That we go away. 
 
 Que je m'en sois alle That I have gone away. 
 
 Conjugate like "Se reposer". 
 
 Se lever To get up. 
 
 Se coucher To lie down. 
 
 S'habiller To dress oneself. 
 
 Se deshabiller To undress oneself. 
 
 Se depecher To hurry. 
 
 Se baisser To stoop. 
 
 Se figurer . To imagine. 
 
 S'abaisser To lower oneself. 
 
 Se revolter To revolt. 
 
 Se quereller To quarrel. 
 
 Se promener To take a walk. 
 
 S'enfuir To run away (conj. like fuir). 
 
 S'evanouir To faint. 
 
 Se repentir To repent. 
 
 Se rejouir To rejoice. 
 
61 
 
 TENSES THAT ARE NOT USED MUCH IN CONVERSA- 
 TION, BUT ONLY IN READING. 
 
 The Preterit, or so-called Past Definite, expresses an action 
 completely past at a definite time. It is not used much in con- 
 versation, but in order to have the pupils understand it in their 
 reading, the following verbs are given: 
 
 Je fus 1 was. 
 
 Tu fus Thou wast. 
 
 II fut He was. 
 
 Nous fumes We were. 
 
 Vous futes You were. 
 
 Us furent They were. 
 
 J'eus 
 Tu eus 
 II cut 
 
 -I had. 
 -Thou hast. 
 -He had. 
 
 Nous eumes 
 Vous eutes 
 Us eurent 
 
 All the verbs ending in the Infinitive by 
 Preterit in 
 
 -We had. 
 -You had. 
 They had. 
 
 "er" end in the 
 
 Je ai. 
 
 Tu - as. 
 II -a. 
 
 J'allai 
 Tu alias 
 II alia 
 
 Nous 
 Vous 
 Us 
 
 -ames. 
 
 -ates. 
 
 -erent. 
 
 -I went. 
 -Thou wentst. 
 -He went. 
 
 Nous allames 
 Vous allates 
 Us allerent 
 
 We went. 
 
 You went. 
 
 They went. 
 
 The Verbs Venir, Tenir, and their derivatives, end in the Preterit 
 in "ins". 
 
 Je vins 
 Tu vins 
 II vint 
 
 -I came. 
 -Thou earnest. 
 -He came. 
 
 Conjugate the same 
 
 Tenir To hold. 
 
 Retenir To hold back. 
 
 Appartenir To belong to, 
 
 Venir To come. 
 
 Nous vinmes 
 Vous vintes 
 Us vinrent 
 
 Prevenir 
 Convenir 
 Devenir 
 Intervenir 
 
 -We came. 
 You came. 
 They came. 
 
 -To inform. 
 -To suit. 
 -To become. 
 -To interfere. 
 
62 
 
 The following Verbs end in the Preterit in 
 
 Je Is. 
 
 Tu Is. 
 II It. 
 
 Je vendis 
 Tu vendis 
 II vendit 
 Nous vendimes 
 Vous vendites 
 Us vendirent 
 
 Nous 
 Vous 
 Us 
 
 imes. 
 
 -ites. 
 
 -irent. 
 
 -I sold. 
 -Thou sold. 
 -He sold. 
 -We sold. 
 -You sold. 
 -They sold. 
 
 Je sortis 
 Je partis 
 J'ouvris 
 Je couvris 
 Je souffris 
 Je dormis 
 Je servis 
 J'acquis 
 Je fuis 
 Je finis 
 J'agis 
 
 Je repondis 
 Je perdis 
 J'ecrivis 
 Je vis 
 Je dis 
 Je pris 
 
 -I went out. 
 -I started. 
 -I opened. 
 -I covered. 
 -I suffered. 
 -I slept. 
 -I served. 
 -I acquired. 
 -I flew. 
 -I finished. 
 -I acted. 
 -I answered. 
 -I lost. 
 -I wrote. 
 -I saw. 
 -I told. 
 -I took. 
 
 Je fi s 1 
 
 Je battis 1 
 
 Je vainquis 1 
 
 Je suivis 1 
 
 Je mis 1 
 
 Je promis 1 
 
 Je craignis 1 
 
 Je pris 
 Je permis 
 Je ris 
 Je mentis 
 Je sentis 
 Je cousis 
 Je compris 
 J'appris 
 Je finis 
 
 did, or made. 
 
 beated. 
 
 vanquished. 
 
 followed. 
 
 put, or put on. 
 
 promised. 
 
 feared. 
 
 took. 
 
 allowed. 
 
 laughed. 
 
 lied. 
 
 felt. 
 
 sewed. 
 
 understood. 
 
 learned. 
 
 finished. 
 
 The following Verbs end in the Preterit in "us" 
 
 Je Us. Nous umes. 
 
 Tu Us. Vous utes. 
 
 II Ut. Us urent. 
 
 Je lus 
 Tu lus 
 II lut 
 
 -I read. 
 -Thou readst. 
 -He read. 
 
 Nous lumes 
 Vous lutes 
 I Is lurent 
 
 -We read. 
 -You read. 
 -They read. 
 
63 
 
 Je pus 1 could. Je courus I ran. 
 
 Je voulus 1 wanted. Je connus I knew. 
 
 Je plus 1 pleased. Je regus I received. 
 
 Je bus I drank. J'apergus I perceived. 
 
 Je crus I believed. Je congus I conceived. 
 
 Je vecus - I lived. II plut It rained. 
 
 Je sus 1 knew. II y eut There was. 
 
 Je dus I had to. II fallut It was necessary. 
 
 The Verbs J'eus and Je fus are also used as auxiliaries, and form 
 the Past Anterior. The Past Anterior is generally used after 
 Quand When, or Lorsque at the time (that or when). 
 
 The Verbs which take the Auxiliary Je fus are: Alle, sorti, parti, 
 arrive, entre, tombe, descendu, devenu, parvenu, etc. 
 
 Je fus venu I had come. Nous fumes venus We had come. 
 
 Tu fus venu Thou hadst come. Vous futes venus You had come. 
 II fut venu He had come. Us furent venus They had come. 
 
 The other Past Anterior are conjugated with J'eus. 
 
 J'eus eu I had had. Nous eumes eu We had had. 
 
 Tu eus eu Thou hadst had. Vous eutes eu You had had. 
 
 II eut eu He had had. Us eurent eu They had had. 
 
 The Imperfect of Subjunctive is equivalent in English to "That 
 I might". 
 
 The First Person singular of the Preterit, which always ends in 
 ai, is, us, ins, forms the Imperfect of the Subjunctive by dropping 
 the last letter in all the Verbs, and adding 
 
 Je sse. 
 
 Tu - sses. 
 II A t 
 
 J'allai, "I went" (drop the "i" and add "sse"). 
 
 Que j'allasse That I might go. 
 
 Qu'il allat That he might go. 
 
 Que nous allassions That we might go. 
 
64 
 
 Que vous allassiez That you might go. 
 
 Qu'ils allassent That they might go. 
 
 Que je vendisse That I might sell. 
 
 Qu'il vendit That he might sell. 
 
 Que nous vendissions That we might sell. 
 
 Que vous vendissiez - That you might sell. 
 Qu'ils vendissent That they might sell. 
 
 Que je vinsse That I might come. 
 
 Que nous vinssions That we might come. 
 
 Que je visse That I might see. 
 
 Que nous vissions That we might see. 
 
 Que j'eusse That I might have. 
 
 Que tu eusses That he might have. 
 
 Qu'il cut That he might have. 
 
 Que nous eussions That we might have. 
 
 Que nous eussiez That you might have. 
 
 Qu'ils eussent That they might have. 
 
 Que je fusse That I might be. 
 
 Qu'il fut That he might be. 
 
 Que nous fussions That we might be. 
 
 Que vous fussiez That you might be. 
 
 Qu'ils fussent That they might be. 
 
 Que j'eusse and Que je fusse form also the Pluperfect of the 
 Subjunctive when they are followed by a Past Participle. That 
 tense is equivalent to: That I might have. 
 
 Que j'eusse vu That I might have seen. 
 
 Qu'il cut vu That he might have seen. 
 
 Que nous eussions vu That we might have seen. 
 
 Que vous eussiez vu That you might have seen. 
 
 Qu'ils eussent vu That they might have seen. 
 
 Que je fusse alle That I might have gone. 
 
 Qu'il fut alle That he might have gone. 
 
 Que nous fussions alles That we might have gone. 
 
 Que vous fussiez alles That you might have gone. 
 
 Qu'ils fussent alles That they might have gone. 
 
65 
 
 LES SEPT JOURS DE LA SEMAINE THE DAYS OF THE 
 
 WEEK. 
 
 Lundi Monday. Vendredi 
 
 Mardi Tuesday Samedi 
 
 Mercredi Dimanche Sunday. 
 
 Jeudi 
 
 On before the days of the week is in French Le: Le Lundi 
 
 On Monday, etc. 
 
 LES DOUZE MOIS DE L'ANNEE THE TWELVE MONTHS 
 OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Janvier Juillet 
 
 Fevrier Aout 
 
 Mars Septembre 
 
 Avril Octobre 
 
 Mai Novembre 
 
 Juin Decembre 
 
 In before the months is in French En: En Janvier, In Jan- 
 uary, etc. 
 
 LES QUATRE SAISONS THE FOUR SEASONS. 
 
 Le printemps The Spring. 
 
 L'ete The Summer. 
 
 L'automne The Autumn. 
 
 L'hiver The Winter. 
 
 In before the seasons is in French En, except Au printemps. 
 
 LES NOMBRES. 
 
 Un 1. Neuf 9. 
 
 Deux 2. Dix 10. 
 
 Trois 3. Onze 11. 
 
 Quatre 4. Douze 12. 
 
 Cinq 5. Treize 13. 
 
 Six 6. Quatorze 14. 
 
 Sept 7. Quinze 15. 
 
 Huit 8. Seize 16. 
 
66 
 
 Dix-sept 
 
 Dix-huit 
 
 Dix-neuf 
 
 Vingt 
 
 Vingt et un 
 
 Vingt-deux 
 
 Vingt-trois 
 
 Vingt-quatre 
 
 Vingt-cinq 
 
 Vingt-six 
 
 Vingt-sept 
 
 Vingt-huit 
 
 Vingt-neuf 
 
 Trente 
 
 Trente et un 
 
 Trente-deux 
 
 Trente-trois 
 
 Quarante 
 
 Quarante et un 
 
 Quarante-deux 
 
 Cinquante 
 
 Cinquante et un 
 
 Cinquante-deux 
 
 The ordinal numbers are: 
 
 -17. 
 -18. 
 -19. 
 -20. 
 -21. 
 -22. 
 -23. 
 -24. 
 -25. 
 -26. 
 -27. 
 -28. 
 -29. 
 -30. 
 -31. 
 
 Premier 
 
 Second 
 
 Deuxieme 
 
 -First. 
 
 -Second. 
 
 -Second. 
 
 Soixante 
 
 Soixante et un 
 
 Soixante-deux 
 
 Soixante-dix 
 
 Soixante et onze 
 
 Soixante-douze 
 
 Soixante-treize 
 
 Soixante-quatorze 
 
 Soixante-quinze 
 
 Soixante-seize 
 
 Soixante-dix-sept 
 
 Soixante-dix-huit 
 
 Soixante-dix-neuf 
 
 Quatre-vingts 
 
 Quatre-vingt-un 
 
 Quatre-vingt-deux 
 
 Quatre-vingt-dix 
 
 Quatre-vingt-onze 
 
 80. 
 
 82. 
 
 90. 
 
 91. 
 
 Quatre-vingt-douze 92. 
 
 Cent 100. 
 Mille -1000. 
 Million 1,000,000. 
 
 Troisieme Third. 
 
 Quatrieme Fourth. 
 Cinquieme Fifth, etc. 
 
 The date of the month is expressed in French by the cardinal 
 numbers, except the first (le premier) : 
 
 Le premier Janvier The 1st of January. 
 
 Le deux Janvier 
 Le trois Janvier, etc. 
 
 LA MONNAIE. 
 
 Un billet de banque 
 Un cheque 
 Un centime 
 
 -A greenback. 
 
 -A check. 
 
 -The fifth part of .one cent. 
 
67 
 
 Cinq centimes One cent. 
 
 Un sou One cent. 
 
 Une piece de dix centimes Two cents. 
 
 Cinquante centimes Ten cents. 
 
 Cinquante centimes Un demi-franc. 
 
 Un franc About twenty cents. 
 
 Cinq francs About one dollar. 
 
 Dix francs About two dollars. 
 
 Cinquante francs Ten dollars. 
 
 CONVERSATION. 
 
 Bonjour Good morning, good day. 
 
 Monsieur Sir, Mr. 
 
 Madame Mrs. or Madam. 
 
 Mademoiselle Miss. 
 
 Bon soir,' Monsieur Good evening, Sir. 
 
 Bonne nuit, Madame Good night, Madame. 
 
 Comment allez-vous? How are you? 
 
 Je vais bien, merci 1 am well, thanks. 
 
 Je suis tres bien 1 am very well. 
 
 Et vous? And you? 
 
 Je vais tres bien, aussi, merci 1 am very well, too, thanks. 
 
 Comment est Monsieur votre pere? How is your father? 
 
 Comment est Madame votre mere? How is your mother? 
 
 Comment est Mademoiselle votre soeur? How is your sister? 
 
 Venez avec moi Come with me. 
 
 Pouvez-vous venir avec moi? Can you come with me? 
 
 Bien volontiers Very willingly. 
 
 Avec grand plaisir With great pleasure. 
 
 Ou allez-vous? Where are you going? 
 
 Je vais au pare, au concert, au theatre, au bal, au restaurant, 
 a 1'hotel, a 1'ecole, a 1'eglise, etc. 
 
 S'il vous plait If you please. 
 
 Venez avec moi 
 
 Je le regrette beaucoup 1 am very sorry. 
 
 J'ai un rendez-vous a deux heures 1 have to meet some one 
 
 .at 2 o'clock. 
 
68 
 
 Asseyez-vous Sit down. 
 
 Faites comme chez vous Make yourself at home. 
 
 6tez votre chapeau, votre manteau Take off your hat, your 
 
 coat. 
 
 Restez, je vous prie Stay, I beg you. 
 
 Je suis si heureuse de vous voir 1 am so happy to see you. 
 
 Je suis enchante de faire votre connaissance 1 am delighted 
 
 to meet you, or I am pleased to meet you. 
 
 fites-vous fatigue? Are you tired? 
 
 Reposez-vous Rest yourself. 
 
 Asseyez-vous Sit down. 
 
 Avez-vous faim? Are you hungry? 
 
 Oui, Madame, j'ai faim Yes, Madam, I am hungry. 
 
 Avez-vous soif? Are you thirsty? 
 
 Oui, j'ai soif 1 am thirsty. 
 
 .Quelle heure est-il? What time is it? 
 
 tes-vous pret? Are you ready? 
 
 Depechez-vous Hurry up. 
 
 Je suis tres occupe et tres presse 1 am very busy and very 
 
 much in a hurry. 
 
 Ouvrez la porte et la fenetre Open the door and the window. 
 
 Aerez Air. 
 
 Taisez-vous Don't talk. 
 
 Restez tranquille Keep quiet. 
 
 A quoi bon? What is the use? 
 
 Merci bien Many thanks. 
 
 II n'y a pas de quoi Don't mention it. 
 
69 
 
 EXERCISES AND VOCABULARY. 
 
 Le The (m). Le pere The father. 
 
 La The (f). La mere The mother. 
 
 L* The (before a vowel Les enfants The children. 
 
 or a silent h.) L'enfant The child. 
 
 Les The (pi). Un homme A man. 
 
 Un One, or a, or an (m). Des hommes Some men. 
 
 Une One, or a, or an (f). Une femme A woman. 
 
 Des Some (pi). Des femmes Some women. 
 
 Most French nouns take an s in the plural. That s is never 
 pronounced. 
 
 PARLER. 
 
 La fille The girl, or daughter (fee). 
 
 Le gargon The boy, or waiter. 
 
 Le frere The brother (frair). 
 
 La soeur The sister (sir). 
 
 Qui Who (key). 
 
 A Has (ah). 
 
 Est Is (pron. like e in set). 
 
 De From, or of. 
 
 A To, or at. 
 
 Petit Small, little. 
 
 Aussi Also, ot too. 
 
 Sont Are. 
 
 1. Qui est la petite fille qui parle a Paul? 
 
 2. La petite fille qui parle a Paul est Marie. 
 
 3. Qui est Marie? 
 
 4. Marie est la petite soeur de Paul. 
 
 5. Qui est Paul? 
 
 6. Paul est le frere de Marie. 
 
 7. Le pere de Paul est aussi le pere de Marie. 
 
 8. La mere de Paul aussi la mere de Marie. 
 
 II. Who is Mary? Mary is a little girl; she is the sister of 
 Paul. Mary has a brother; she also has a father and a mother. 
 Paul speaks to Mary. W r ho is the sister of Paul? Mary is the 
 little sister of Paul. Paul and Mary are two small children. 
 
70 
 
 Adjectives agree in number and in gender with the noun modi- 
 fied. The plural is formed by adding an s and the feminine is 
 formed by adding an e to the masculine singular. Adjectives end- 
 ing in e do not change. 
 
 MARCHER. 
 
 Anglais English. 
 
 Ce This, or that (m). 
 
 Get This, or that before a vowel or a silent h. 
 
 Cette This, or that (f). 
 
 Ces These, or those (pi). 
 
 Ce cousin-ci This cousin (m). 
 
 Cette cousine-la That cousin (f). 
 Cet homme-ci This man. 
 
 Avec With. 
 
 Gentil (m) Nice, sweet. 
 
 Gentille (f) Nice, sweet. 
 
 Mais - But. 
 
 La bonne The maid, the nurse. 
 
 Bon Good (m). 
 
 Bonne Good (f) (bun). 
 
 Cette personne-la That person. 
 
 Frangais, frangaise French. 
 
 I. Qui est cette personne qui marche avec ces deux gentils 
 petits enfants? Cette personne qui marche avec ces deux petits 
 enfants est la bonne. Est-elle frangaise? Oui, elle est franchise 
 et elle parle franc. ais a Paul; mais elle parle anglais a Jules qui 
 est le cousin de Paul, et a Alice, qui est la petite cousine de Paul. 
 Paul a un cousin et une cousine il a aussi une gentille petite soeur. 
 
 II. Paul is the cousin of Jules; he has a little sister, who is also 
 the cousin of Jules. The sister of Jules is the cousin of Paul and 
 of Mary. The four (4) little children walk with the nurse. The 
 nurse, who is French, speaks French to the four (4) children, 
 but the children speak English to the nurse. 
 
 II faut que It is necessary that. 
 Faut-il que Is it necessary that? 
 II ne faut pas que It is not necessary that. 
 
71 
 
 DRILL ON THE VERBS. 
 
 I. I am speaking. 2. I do speak. 3. I speak. 4. I was speaking. 
 5. I used to speak. 6. Let us speak. 7. Speak. 8. By speaking. 
 9. To speak. 10. I must speak. 11. We are speaking. 12. We were 
 speaking. 13. We used to speak. 14. We must speak or it is 
 necessary that we speak. 
 
 QUITTER. 
 
 Merci Thanks. 
 
 Content Pleased, glad. 
 
 Un fruit A fruit. 
 
 Une pomme An apple. 
 
 Rouge Red. 
 
 Pour For. 
 
 Dit Says, or tells. 
 
 Dans In, or into. 
 
 La chambre The room. 
 
 Beau Beautiful (m). 
 
 Belle Beautiful (f). 
 
 La porte The door. 
 
 J'ai un beau fruit pour vous dit Paul en entrant dans la chambre 
 de la petite soeur qui est a table et dejeune. II montre le fruit et 
 presente a Marie une belle pomme rouge. Marie est tres contente; 
 elle accepte la pomme et dit merci. Paul quitte la chambre et 
 ferme la porte. 
 
 II. Paul speaks to the little sister who is crying. He has an 
 apple and he gives the apple to Mary. The little girl admires the 
 beautiful red fruit. She is very glad and plays with the apple. 
 She says: "Thanks" to Paul. 
 
 Note. Names of colors follow the nouns they qualify. 
 
 Bel beautiful is used before a masculine noun beginning with 
 
 a vowel or a silent h: Un bel homme A handsome man. 
 
 II faut que je 1 must. 
 
 II faut qu'il He must. 
 
 II faut que nous We must. 
 
 II faut que vous You must. 
 
 II faut qu'ils They must. 
 
 The word fruit is made plural by adding s when more than one 
 is expressed: Un fruit, deux fruits, des fruits some fruit. 
 
72 
 DEMANDER. 
 
 Grand Big and tall. 
 
 A present At present. 
 
 Oui Yes (wee). 
 
 Non No. 
 
 Ob jet Object (thing). 
 
 Le couteau The knife. 
 
 La main The hand. 
 
 Le bonbon The candy. 
 
 S'il vous plait If you please. 
 
 Tres Very. 
 
 I. Marie desire le couteau de Paul. Elle demande ce couteau; 
 mais Paul qui a present est un grand gargon refuse. Un couteau 
 est un objet dangereux dans les mains d'un petit enfant. Marie 
 crie et pleure. Paul chante et danse pour amuser 1'enfant; mais 
 elle continue a pleurer. Paul, donnez des bonbons a la petite soeur. 
 
 II. Mary cries and Paul enters (into) the room and gives some 
 candy to the little girl. "Don't cry, Mary," he says, "I have some 
 candy for you. She likes fruit, but she likes candy also. She 
 wanted (was wishing) some candy and she was crying. 
 
 GRONDER. 
 
 Va Goes, or is going. 
 
 II va He is going. 
 
 A 1'ecole To school. 
 
 ficolier A scholar (m). 
 
 Une ecoliere A scholar (f). 
 
 Le livre The book. 
 
 Le cahier A copy-book. 
 
 Autre Other. 
 
 Quand When. 
 
 Une explication Explanation. 
 
 Sur On, or upon. 
 
 Apres After. 
 
 Le maitre (m) Teacher. 
 
 La maitresse (f) The teacher. 
 
 Pourquoi Why. 
 

 73 
 
 Nouns ending in tion are always feminine and have the pronunci- 
 ation of cion. 
 
 Paul va a Tecole; il va a Tecole publique. II porte des livres, 
 des crayons et un cahier. II est tres attentif; il est un tres bon 
 ecolier. II ne parle pas avec les autres gargons quand le maitre 
 donne des explications sur la legon. Apres 1'ecole Paul a une 
 legon de violon; il a aussi une legon de frangais. II parle fran- 
 gais a la maitresse de frangais; il parle aussi frangais a la bonne. 
 
 II. The teacher (f) does not scold the scholars who are atten- 
 tive. She scolds the pupils who are not attentive. The teacher 
 was scolding Louis because she thought he was talking when she 
 was giving the lesson. The teacher is going to keep Louis after 
 school. Why was he talking? He was not talking; he was re- 
 citing the French verbs. 
 
 PORTER. 
 
 Ami (m) Friend. 
 
 Amie (f) Friend. 
 
 Pour For. 
 
 Pour qui For whom. 
 
 Est-ce Is it (pron. ess) ? 
 
 La boite The box. 
 
 Les bonbons The candy. 
 
 Malade Sick. 
 
 Al'hopital In the hospital. 
 
 Bien Well (before an adjective very). 
 
 Bien triste Very sad. 
 
 Parce que Because. 
 
 Le docteur The doctor. 
 
 I. Pour qui est cette belle boite de bonbons, demande Paul a 
 sa mere. Est-ce moi? Non, mon enfant, les bonbons ne sont 
 pas pour vous, dit la maman. Us sont pour le petit cousin Jules. 
 Sa mere est malade a Thopital et Jules est bien triste. 
 
 II. Jules is sad because his (sa) mother is not well. Where is 
 she? She is in the hospital, and the doctor says that she is very 
 sick. Paul, please, bring this box of candy to Jules. He is 
 your (votre) friend; he is your cousin, and he is very sad. 
 
74 
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 Masculine Feminine Plural 
 
 My Mon Ma Mes 
 
 Thy ton Ta Tes 
 
 His or her Son Sa Ses 
 
 Our Notre Notre Nos 
 
 Your Votre Votre Vos 
 
 Their Leur Leur Leurs 
 
 Son and Sa take the gender of the noun which follows them: 
 Son mari Her husband; Sa femme His wife. 
 
 Mon, ton and son are also used before a feminine noun begin- 
 ning with a vowel or a silent h: Mon amie My friend (f); Son 
 
 habitude His habit. 
 
 Bonjour Good morning, good day. 
 
 Le salon The parlor. 
 
 Impatient Impatient. 
 
 Le jardin The garden. 
 
 Au revoir Goodbye. 
 
 Que That. 
 
 Deux Two. 
 
 Une legon de musique A music lesson. 
 
 Jouer du violon To play on the violin. 
 
 Jouer du piano To play on the piano. 
 
 Jouer aux cartes To play cards. 
 
 Qui est ce Monsieur qui est dans le salon? C'est le maitre de 
 violon. II est impatient et demande Paul pour sa legon. Ou 
 est-il? Je pense que Paul est dans le jardin. La bonne entre dans 
 le jardin et dit a Paul qui joue avec deux autres gargons. Votre 
 maitre de violon est dans le salon. P. n'est pas content; il dit 
 au revoir, quitte ses amis et entre dans le salon. 
 
 Write the above exercise, placing the verbs in the Imperfect 
 Tense. 
 
75 
 
 Midi Noon. Le repas The meal. 
 
 II est midi It is noon. Remercier To thank. 
 
 Le chapeau The hat. Le bon Dieu God. 
 
 Le vestibule The hall. La salle a manger The dining 
 
 Avant Before. room. 
 
 Paul retourne de 1'ecole; il est midi. II entre dans le vestibule; 
 ote son chapeau et dejeune. II prie avant les repas, il prie aussi 
 apres les repas. Pourquoi prie-t-il? II prie pour remercier le 
 bon Dieu. Apres le dejeuner, Paul quitte la salle a manger et 
 retourne a 1'ecole. 
 
 Write the above exercise, putting all the verbs in the plural. 
 Paul et Jules retournent, etc. 
 
 AVOIR. 
 
 Drill on the verb: , 
 
 1. He has. 2. He is having. 3. He had, 4. He was having. 
 5. He used to have. 6. He will have. 7. He shall have. 8. He 
 would have. 9. He should have. 10. Let us have. 11. Have. 
 12. Having. 13. I must have. 14. We have. 15. We are having. 
 16. We were having. 17. We used to have. 18. We will have. 
 19. We would have. 20. We must have. 21. We have. 22. We are 
 having. 23. We do have. 24. They have. 25. They are having. 
 26. They were having. 27. They used to have. 28. They shall 
 have. 29. They will have. 30. They would have. 31. They must 
 have. 
 
 OUVRIR. 
 
 La sonnette 
 La sonnette sonne 
 A la maison 
 Chez moi 
 Chez lui 
 Chez elle 
 Chez nous 
 Chez vous 
 Chez eux 
 Chez elles 
 
 T.a rarf** 
 
 The bell. 
 
 J. ne Dell rings*. 
 At home. 
 At my home. 
 At his home. 
 
 J\L ner nome. 
 
 At your home. 
 At their home (m). 
 At their home (f). 
 
 TVi^ rirA 
 
76 
 
 La sonnette sonne. Ouvrez la porte, s'il vous plait. Qui est-ce? 
 La bonne ouvre la porte. Une dame demande. "Est-ce que Madame 
 Leroi est chez elle?" La visiteuse entre dans le vestibule et dans 
 le salon, et presente une carte que la bonne porte a sa maitresse. 
 
 Write the above exercise in English and read it in French at 
 the next lesson. 
 
 LIRE. 
 
 Write in English the different meanings: 
 
 1. Nous lisons 2. Nous lisions 
 
 3. Lisons 4. Nous lirons 
 
 5. Nous lirons 6. Ne lisez pas 
 
 7. En lisant 8. II faut que nous lisions 
 
 Write in French: 
 
 1. Do you read? 2. Are you reading? 3. Were you reading? 
 4. Will you read? 5. Shall you read? 6. Would you read? 7. Should 
 you read? 8. You must read. 9. By reading. 10. To read. 11. Do 
 not read. 
 
 SORTIR. 
 
 L'apres-midi In the afternoon. 
 
 Get apres-midi This afternoon. 
 
 Le matin In the morning. 
 
 Ce matin This morning. 
 
 fitait Was. 
 
 II etait He was. 
 
 II veut He wants. 
 
 Tous les Every. 
 
 Tous les jours Every day. 
 
 Tous les deux jours Every other day. 
 
 Seulement Only. 
 
 Toutes les semaines Every week. 
 
 Avec lui With him. 
 
 Assez Enough, or pretty. 
 
 On One, or they, or people, before a verb. 
 
 Le docteur veut que Paul sorte tous les jours. II sortira cet 
 apres-midi et je sortirai avec lui. II n'etait pas bien parce qu'il ne 
 sortait pas assez. II sortait seulement tous les deux jours. Ce 
 n'est pas assez. II faut qu'on sorte tous les jours. 
 
77 
 
 Drill on the verb: 
 
 1. They go out. 2. They are going out. 3. They do go out. 
 
 They were going out. 5. They used to go out. 6. They will go 
 ut. ?. They shall go out. 8. They would go out. 9. Let us go 
 ut. 10. Go out. 11. Do not go out. 12. By going out. 13. They 
 iust go out. 
 
 THE OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 The objective pronouns are always placed immediately before 
 le verb or before the auxiliary except in the Affirmative Im- 
 erative. 
 
 Me is in English me or to me. 
 
 Te thee or to thee. 
 
 Nous us or to us. 
 
 Vous you or to you. 
 
 Le or P him or it. 
 
 La or P her or it. 
 
 Les them 
 
 Lui to him, to it. 
 
 Lui to her, to it. 
 
 Leur to them. 
 
 En some or of it. 
 
 Y there. 
 
 For example: 
 
 Je vous aime 1 like or love you. 
 
 Je Palme 1 like him. 
 
 Je Paime 1 like her. 
 
 Je les aime 1 like them. 
 
 M'aimez-vous? Do you like me? 
 
 Nous aimez-vous? Do you like us? 
 
 J'en ai I have some. 
 
 Nous en desirons We wish some. 
 
 J'y vais 1 go there. 
 
 Y allez-vous? Are you going there ? 
 
78 
 PARTIR. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Heure O'clock, or hour. 
 
 A quelle heure? At what time? 
 
 Quelle heure est-il? What time is it? 
 
 II est trois heures et demie It is half-past 3. 
 
 Demi Half. 
 
 Un quart A quarter (car). 
 
 Une minute A minute. 
 
 Moins Less. 
 
 A temps On time. 
 
 A la gare At the station. 
 
 Si If, or so. 
 
 Quatre heures moins un quart A quarter of 4. 
 
 Quatre heures et un quart A quarter past 4. 
 
 AujourcThui Today. 
 
 Demain Tomorrow. 
 
 Hier Yesterday. 
 
 Le train partait autrefois a deux heures. A present, il part a 
 deux heures et demie. Si vous partez a deux heures dix; vous 
 arriverez a temps a la gare. Ne partez pas aujourd'hui; partez 
 demain; nous partirons ensemble. Je le regrette beaucoup, chere 
 amie, il faut que je parte cet apres-midi. 
 
 Write the above exercise, placing the verbs in the plural. 
 
 DORMIR. 
 
 Tout le The whole (m). 
 
 Toutela The whole (f). 
 
 Jeune Young. 
 
 Minuit Midnight. 
 
 Hier soir Last night, last evening. 
 
 Hier matin Yesterday morning. 
 
 Demain soir Tomorrow night. 
 
79 
 
 I La nuit The night. 
 Tous les soirs Every night. 
 Ou Or. 
 
 Ce jeune homme ne dort pas; il travaille tout le jour et sort 
 tous les soirs. II part apres le diner et retourne a minuit ou a 
 une heure du matin, et il lit le reste de la nuit. Ce jeune homme 
 est Paul. II est malade et est fatigue le matin. Paul ne sortira pas 
 ce soir il ne lira pas dans son lit, il dormira toute la nuit. 
 
 Write the above exercise, placing the verbs in the Imperfect 
 Tense. 
 
 NEGATIVE FORMS. 
 
 The usual negative form of the verb is expressed by ne . . . pas. 
 There are, however, other negative forms, as given below: 
 
 Ne . . . pas Not. 
 
 Ne . . . plus Any more, no longer. 
 
 Ne . . . jamais Never. 
 
 Ne . . . point Not at all. 
 
 Ne . . . guere Scarcely, hardly. 
 
 Ne . . . que But (equivalent to only). 
 
 Ne . . . aucun Any. 
 
 Ne . . . rien Nothing, anything. 
 
 Ne . . . persone Nobody, any one, anybody. 
 
 Je n'aime pas 1 do not like. 
 
 Je n'aime rien I do not like anything. 
 
 Je n'aime guere I like but very little. 
 
 Je n'aime plus I do not like any more. 
 
 Je n'aime persone I do not like anybody. 
 
 Je n'aime que vous I like but you. 
 
 Je n'aime aucun I like none. 
 
 Write the verb detester to hate in all the negative forms. 
 
 SERVIR ET MENTIR. 
 
 Une tasse de the A cup of tea. 
 
 Une tasse de cafe A cup of coffee. 
 
 De la tarte Some pie. 
 
 Du gateau Some cake. 
 
80 
 
 Honnete Honest. 
 
 Cher Dear, or expensive. 
 
 Bon marche Cheap, or reasonable. 
 
 Le diner The dinner. 
 
 Le second dejeuner The lunch. 
 
 La domestiqque sert a table a tous les repas; le dejeuner, le 
 second dejeuner et le diner. A quatre heures, elle sert le the ou 
 le cafe avec de la tarte ou des gateaux. Elle est tres-honnete et 
 ne ment jamais. Ne mentez jamais, mon enfant. Non maman, je 
 ne mentirai plus. 
 
 Drill: 
 
 1. She used to wait on the table. 2. She waits on the table. 
 3. She will wait on the table. 4. She would wait on the table. 
 5. She does not lie. 6. He was lying. 7. Don't lie. 8. Let us not 
 lie. 9. By not lying. 10. She would lie. 11. She will lie. 
 
 FINIR. 
 
 Toujours Always, or all the time. 
 
 Le devoir The duty. 
 
 Remplir To fulfill. 
 
 Un travail A work. 
 
 Un travailleur A worker. 
 
 C'est tres mal It is bad, or wicked. 
 
 Je regrette heaucoup - I am very sorry. 
 
 Des changes generally into de before a qualifying adjective: 
 De bons amis Some good friends. 
 
 De bons livres Some good books. 
 
 Vous ne finissez jamais un travail commence. C'e'st trs-mal. 
 Vous ne reussissez pas parce que vous ne trayaillez pas assez. Tra- 
 vaillez et vous reussirez. Choisissez toujours de bons livres et de 
 bons amis. Remplissez bien votre devoir et vous vous rejouirez 
 quand le soir arrivera. 
 
 Drill: 
 
 1. Do you finish? 2. Are you finishing? 3. Were you finishing? 
 4. You used to finish. 5. You will finish. 6. You would finish. 
 7. Finish. 8. Let us finish. 9. By finishing. 10. I must finish. 
 11. We must finish. 12. Must we finish? 13. Was he finishing? 
 14. Does he finish? 15. Will he finish? 16. Would he finish? 
 
La campagne 
 
 Les plaisirs 
 
 Par 
 
 La vie 
 
 Tricoter 
 
 Mai 
 
 Mauvais 
 
 Heureux 
 
 Malheureux 
 
 81 
 
 COUDRE. 
 
 -The country. 
 
 -The pleasures. 
 
 -By. 
 
 -The life. 
 
 -To knit. 
 
 -Badly. 
 
 -Bad. 
 
 -Happy. 
 
 -Unhappy. 
 
 Adjectives ending in x change the x to se in the feminine. After 
 an Adjective or a Past Participle de is generally used: 
 
 Fatigue de It is tired of. 
 Heureuse de Happy. 
 
 La maman de Paul est fatiguee de plaisirs, de dejeuners, de parties 
 de cartes, de diners, de bals et de soirees. Elle a accepte I'invita- 
 tion de son amie qui habite la campagne et elle partira par le 
 premier train lundi matin. Son amie a une vie tres active: elle coud 
 pour les petits orphelins et elle est heureuse en s'oubliant elle- 
 meme et en travaillant pour les autres. 
 
 Write the above exercise, placing the verbs in the Future Tense. 
 
 C'est 
 
 Est-ce? 
 
 Ce n'est pas 
 
 N'est-ce pas? 
 
 C'etait 
 
 fitait-ce? 
 
 N'etait-ce pas? 
 
 Ce sera 
 
 Sera-ce? 
 
 Ce serait 
 
 Serait-ce? 
 
 C'est juste 
 
 C'est vrai 
 
 C'est assez 
 
 TRE. 
 
 -It is. 
 -Is it? 
 -It is not. 
 -Is it not? 
 -It was. 
 -Was it? 
 -Was it not? 
 -It will be. 
 -Will it be? 
 -It would be. 
 -Would it be? 
 -It is right. 
 -It is true. 
 -That is enough. 
 
82 
 
 C'est beaucoup It is a great deal. 
 
 C'est tout That is all. 
 
 O'est ainsi That is it. 
 
 C'est ainsi That is so, or that is the way. 
 
 C'est comme cela It is like that. 
 
 Est-ce tout? Is that all? 
 
 Un homme est dans le jardin. Qui est-ce? Est-ce le jardinier? 
 Je ne pense pas que c'est le jardinier. II marche sur la pelouse 
 (lawn). Regardez qui c'est. Qui etes-vous? Je suis le facteur 
 (postman) est-ce que Madame est chez elle? Non, elle n'est pas 
 chez elle (at home) elle sera ici demain? Ou est-elle? Elle est a la 
 campagne. 
 
 fiCRIRE. 
 
 Du matin au soir From morning till night. 
 
 Hier Yesterday. 
 
 Comment How. 
 
 Combien How much, or how many? 
 
 Les fleurs The flowers. 
 
 Promis Promised. 
 
 Tient Holds, or keeps. 
 
 Chaque Each. 
 
 Temps Time. 
 
 Fois Times. 
 
 Une fois Once. 
 
 Deux fois Twice. 
 
 Trois fois Three times. 
 Combien de fois How many times? 
 
 Les deux amies sont tres heureuses. Elles sont occupees du 
 matin au soir. Madame Leroi a promis a son mari de lui ecrire 
 chaque jour et elle tient sa promesse: elle lui a ecrit hier, elle 
 lui ecrira cet apres-midi elle lui dira comment elle occupe son 
 temps et combien elle aime la campagne, les fleurs et la verdure. 
 
 Drill: 
 
 1. Does she write every day? 2. Yes, she does write. 3. She 
 wrote yesterday; she is writing now, and she will write tomorrow. 
 4. Don't write. 5. I must write. 6. He wants me to write. 7. To 
 whom are you writing? 8. I write to my husband, . 
 
83 
 
 DIRE ET RIRE. 
 
 Le bureau The office. 
 
 De suite Right away. 
 
 Les vetements The clothes. 
 
 Bien chaud Very warm. 
 
 Les has The stockings. 
 
 Tout fait Ready made. 
 
 Quand M. Leroi retournera a son bureau demain matin, il trou- 
 vera la lettre de sa femme: il 1'ouvrira de suite et sourira en lisant 
 qu'elle coud, tricote, travaille du matin au soir. II repondra 
 de suite: "Ne travaillez pas trop: reposez-vous: sortez beaucoup. 
 Ne cousez plus, ne tricotez plus. Achetez les vetements et donnez- 
 les aux pauvres.. Us sont nos freres. Soyez genereuse: donnez 
 tou jours. 
 
 1. Are you selling? 2. Do you sell? 3. Were you selling? 4. You 
 used to sell. 5. You sold. 6. You have sold. 7. You had sold. 
 8. You will sell. 9. You would sell. 10. Do not sell. 11. Let us 
 sell. 12. You must sell. 13. You must have sold. 14. To have 
 sold. 15. Having sold. 16. By selling. 
 
 VENDRE ET VIVRE. 
 
 Tout le monde - Everybody. 
 
 Le plus The most. 
 
 Plus . . . que More than. 
 
 Les vacances Vacations. 
 
 En plein air In the open air. 
 
 Une ferme A ranch. 
 
 La douceur Kindness, gentleness. 
 
 II va He is going, he goes. 
 
 Avec With. 
 
 Tout le monde est heureux dans la famille Leroi. M. Leroi 
 adore sa femme, et Madame adore son mari; mais le plus heureux, 
 aujourd'hui, c'est Paul. Paul est en vacances. II a vecu cinq 
 longs mois entre les quatre murs d'un college. II va avec deux 
 amis vivre deux semaines a la campagne. Us vivront en plein air. 
 Quand Paul etait un petit enfant, c'est a la campagne qu'il vivait. 
 Quand il sortira du college, son pere lui achetera une ferme et il 
 vivra de nouveau a la campagne. II aime les animaux; il les traite 
 avec douceur et ne les bat jamais. 
 
 Most nouns ending in al, like animal, general, etc., change the al 
 to aux in the plural: Un animal, des animaux. 
 
84 
 
 CRAINDRE. 
 
 Une armee An army. 
 
 L'autre The other. 
 
 Facile Easy. 
 
 Le soldat Soldier. 
 
 Ni, ni Neither, nor. 
 
 En deroute Defeat. 
 
 Puissant Powerful. 
 
 Si If, or so. 
 
 Les armees sont en presence Tune de 1'autre, elles se battent. 
 Le general est certain qu'il reussira a battre 1'ennemi. II n'est 
 pas facile de battre un adversaire puissant et s'il ne bat pas 
 l'ennemi, rennemi le battra. Ces soldats sont braves et courageux: 
 ils ne craignent ni le danger ni le peril. Pourquoi craindraient-ils? 
 Ne craignez rien. Vous battrez rennemi et le mettrez en deroute. 
 
 CONDUIRE. 
 
 1. Who drives the automobile? 2. The three boys drive one after 
 the other and they drive well. 3. Do they drive well? 4. They 
 will drive. 5. They would drive. 6. Let us drive. 7. By driving. 
 8. He must drive. 9 He must have driven. 
 
 CONNA1TRE To know. 
 
 De nom By name. 
 
 De vue By sight. 
 
 Ici Here. 
 
 Si If, or so. 
 
 Le jardinier Gardener. 
 
 Tout le monde Everybody. 
 
 Cultiver To cultivate. 
 
 Le monde The world, the people. 
 
 Du monde Company. 
 
 Je connais tres peu de monde dans cette ville. Je connaissais 
 tout le monde a la campagne, et tout le monde me connaissait. 
 Connaissez-vous ce vieillard? Je le connais de vue et aussi de nom, 
 II dit qu'il vous connait 
 
85 
 
 Quelorquelle What, before a noun or before est or sont. 
 
 Que What, before a verb. 
 
 Ce que What in the center of a sentence or in the be- 
 
 ginning of a sentence equivalent to that which. 
 
 Autrefois Formerly. 
 
 Trop (de) Too mr.ch, too many. 
 
 Mieux Better (adverb). 
 
 Pour eux For them. 
 
 Eau Water. 
 
 De 1'eau Some water. 
 
 Maintenant Now. 
 
 Meilleur Better (adj.). 
 
 Que buvez-vous a votre dejeuner? Je bois du cafe, mon mari 
 boit du the et mes deux enfants boivent du lait. Autrefois, mon 
 mari buvait du cafe, mais il prefere le the a present. Ne buvez 
 pas trop de cafe, ni de the. Que faut-il que les enfants boivent? 
 C'est mieux pour eux de ne boire que de 1'eau ou du lait. 
 
 Drill: 
 
 1. Do you drink? 2. Are you drinking? 3. You drank. 4. You 
 used to drink. 5. You did drink. 6. You have drunk. 7. You had 
 drunk. 8. You will drink. 9. You would drink. 10. Do not drink. 
 11. I must drink. 
 
 CROIRE. 
 
 Write in English: 
 Croirez-vous? 
 Croiriez-vous? 
 Avez-vous cru? 
 Aviez-vous cru? 
 Ne croyez pas. 
 Croyons. 
 
 II faut que nous croyions. 
 Croyez-vous? 
 Croyiez-vous? 
 II faut que vous ayez cru. 
 
 METTRE. 
 
 Write in French: 
 
 1. She allows. 2. She does allow. 3. She is allowing. 4. She 
 was allowing. 5. She used to' allow. 6. She will allow. 7. She 
 would allow. 8. Don't allow. 9. Did you allow? 10. Have you 
 allowed? 11. Had you allowed? 12. Must you allow? 13. You 
 must have allowed. 
 
86 
 
 VOIR. 
 
 Ma vue My sight. 
 
 Pres Near. 
 
 Seulement Only. 
 
 Les lunettes Eye glasses. 
 
 Ce soir This evening, or tonight. 
 
 Sur On, or upon. 
 
 Le ciel The heaven. 
 
 Les cieux The heaven (plural). 
 
 Myope Near-sighted. 
 
 Ma vue est rnauvaise. Je ne vois pas bien. Je suis myope et 
 vois de pres seulement. Je voyais tres bien autrefois et je n'etais 
 pas oblige de porter des lunettes. Verrez-vous votre ami ce soir? 
 Je le verrai s'il est a Topera. J'espere le voir. 
 
 La terre est bien petite a qui la voit des cieux. 
 
 COURIR. 
 
 Le voyageur The traveler. 
 
 A temps On time. 
 
 Trop tard Too late. 
 
 Trop tot Too early (toe). 
 
 Du Of the (before a masculine noun singular be- 
 
 ginning with a consonant or an h aspirate). 
 
 Du Some. 
 
 Du pain Some bread. 
 
 Du beurre Some butter. 
 
 Des Of the, (pi) or some. 
 
 Au To the (before a masculine noun beginning 
 
 with a consonant or an h aspirate). 
 
 Aux To the before a plural noun). 
 
 J'ai vu hier dans la rue un homme portant une valise et qui 
 courait apres le train. Cet homme est un voyageur. II court tou- 
 jours, parce qu'il quitte toujours son hotel trop tard. Regardez cet 
 homme: il courait hier, il court aujourd'hui, il courra demain et 
 il courra aussi longtemps qu'il ne partira pas a temps. Pourquoi 
 courez-vous, Monsieur? Vous n'arriverez jamais a temps pour votre 
 train. Rien ne sert de courir, il faut partir a temps. 
 
 Write this in English and read it in French. 
 
87 
 
 RECEVOIR To Receive. 
 
 1. You receive. 2 You do receive. 3. You are receiving. 4. You 
 were receiving. 5. You used to receive. 6. You received. 7. You 
 did receive. 8. You have received. 9. You had received. 10. You 
 will receive. 11. You shall receive. 12. You would receive. 13. 
 You should receive. 14. Let us receive. 15. You will have re- 
 ceived. 16. You would have received. 17. That you receive. 
 18. That you have received. 
 
 DEVOIR. 
 
 Write in English: 
 Nous devons. 
 Nous devions. 
 Nous avons du. 
 Nous avions du. 
 Nous devrons. 
 Nous devrions. 
 II faut que je doive. 
 En devant. 
 Nous aurons du. 
 Nous aurions du. 
 
 Je dois voir mon amie, qui doit arriver par le train de neuf 
 heures. Elle m'a ecrit qu'elle devra reprendre le train de 6 heures 
 ce soir. Elle doit aller chez la modiste, la couturiere (dressmaker), 
 le tailleur; elle dcit aussi aller a la banque et voir une amie qui 
 reside a I'hotel Continental. 
 
 SAVOIR. 
 
 Un peu A little. 
 
 Plus More. 
 
 Plus . . . que More than. 
 
 Savoir coudre To know how to sew. 
 Savoir danser To know how to dance. 
 Le mot The word. 
 
 Qui sait sa legon? Je la sais; je la savais hier soir. Vous sauriez 
 les verbes frangais si vous etudiiez un peu plus. Elle sait coudre 
 mais elle ne sait pas garnir un chapeau. Sachez votre legon. Le 
 professeur veut que nous sachions chaque mot. 
 
88 
 
 1. She knows. 2. She does know. 3. She used to know. 4. She 
 has known. 5. She had known. 6. Know. 7. Don't know. 8. By 
 knowing. 9. I must know. 10. We must know. 
 
 POUVOIR. 
 
 Write the following exercise in English: 
 
 Je puis or peux. 
 Je pouvais. 
 J'ai pu. 
 J'avais pu. 
 Je pourrai. 
 Je pourrais. 
 Que je puisse? 
 II faut que j'aie pu. 
 J'aurai pu. 
 J'aurais pu. 
 Pouvant. 
 
 Write in French: 
 
 1. May I? Can I? 2. Could I have been able? 3. Had I been 
 able. ^ 4. Will I be able? 5. Would I be able? 6. I must be able. 
 7. Being able. 
 
 PRENDRE To Take. 
 
 Deja Already. 
 
 II voudrait He wishes. 
 
 II voudrait He would like. 
 
 Je voudrais 1 wish. 
 
 Chez At, or at the house of. 
 
 Combien de - How many, or how much. 
 
 Paul est chez son maitre de violon. II prend sa lec.on. II a 
 deja. pris une legon hier; il prendra une autre demain. Combien de 
 lemons de violon prenez-vous par semaine, Paul? Mme., autrefois 
 je prenais deux lemons; a present je ne prends qu'une. Mon 
 maitre demande que je prenne une legon tous les jours. Paul jpue 
 aussi du piano, de la guitare; il joue aussi aux cartes, au domino, 
 etc. ' 
 
89 
 
 VOULOIR. 
 
 Que voulez-vous? Voulez-vous de la soupe? Je ne veux pas 
 manger, je veux sortir; je voulais sortir avec mon ami. Ou vouliez 
 vous aller? Invitez votre ami a diner. II ne voudra pas venir. 
 II n'a pas voulu venir. Pourquoi n'a-t-il pas voulu venir? Dites- 
 lui de venir. 
 
 Write in French the following exercise: 
 
 1. What do you want? 2. What are you wanting? 3. What were 
 you wanting? 4. You used to want. 5. What have you wanted? 
 6. What had you wanted? 7. What will you want? 8. What will 
 you have wanted? 9. What would you want? 10. I must want. 
 11. I must have wanted. 12. Wanting. 13. Please, be kind 
 enough to. 
 
 FAIRE. 
 
 Tant de So much, so many. 
 
 Le bruit The noise. 
 
 Le jour de fete Holiday (birthday). 
 
 Toute la journee The whole day. 
 
 Ceci This. 
 
 Cela That. 
 
 Que font ces enfants? Pourquoi font-ils tant de bruit? Parce 
 qu'aujourd'hui est le jour de fete de Monsieur le Superieur. Les 
 gargons feront du bruit toute la journee. Mes enfants ne faites 
 pas tant de bruit. Maman demande que vous ne fassiez pas tant 
 de bruit. Qu'avez-vous fait hier? Que ferez-vous demain? S. V. P. 
 ne faites pas cela; mais faites ceci pour moi. 
 
 VENIR. 
 
 Mme. Leroi revient demain et son amie revient avec elle. Cette 
 amie vient a Paris deux fois par an pour acheter des robes et des 
 chapeaux. Les deux dames reviendront par le train rapide et 
 toute le famille sera a la gare. Paul revient de la campagne ce 
 soir et Marie revient du couvent. Le pere a demande que ses 
 enfants reviennent chez eux pour voir leur mere qui arrive demain. 
 
 1. Who comes back? 2. Two ladies come to Paris. 3. They were 
 coming last night, but they will come tomorrow. 4. Do not 
 come. 5. The children must come home, because their mother will 
 come back tomorrow. 
 
90 
 
 ALLER. 
 
 Vite Quick, or fast. Vous-meme Yourself. 
 
 Seul seule Alone. Lui-rneme Himself. 
 
 D'abord At first. Elle-meme Herself. 
 
 Puis Then. Nous-memes Ourselves. 
 
 Au couvent In the convent. Eux-memes Themselves. 
 
 Moi-meme Myself. 
 
 Ou va Paul, demande M. Leroi? Courez vite et allez lui de- 
 mander ou il va avec 1'autornobile. Monsieur votre Pere demande 
 oil vous allez. Ou allez-vous? Vous savez qu'on ne veut pas que 
 vous alliez seul dans les rues de Paris. Je vais d'abord au couvent 
 prendre ma soeur, et puis nous irons faire une promenade au 
 Bois. Paul, n'y allez pas. 
 
 Write in English: 
 
 II va. II ira. II faut qu'il aille? 
 
 II allait. II irait. N'allez pas. 
 
 N'allons pas. En n'allant pas. II faut qu'il soit alle. 
 
 Write in French: 
 
 1. He used to go. 2. He goes. 3. He is going. 4. He does go. 
 5. He was going. 6. He will go. 7. He would go. 8. Don't go. 
 9. He must go. 
 
 VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 Me le or me la It to me. 
 
 Te le, te la It to thee. 
 
 Nous le, nous la It to us. 
 
 Vous le, vous la It to you. 
 
 But le lui, la lui It to him or to her. 
 
 Le leur It to them. 
 
 II me le donne He gives it to me. 
 
 II te le donne He gives it to thee. 
 
 II nous le donne He gives it to us. 
 
 II vous le donne He gives it to you. 
 
 II le lui donne He gives it to him, or to her. 
 
91 
 
 LES ALIMENTS FOODS. 
 
 De la soupe 
 
 Du bouillon 
 
 De la viande 
 
 Une cotelette 
 
 Une cotelette de mouton- 
 
 Une cotelette de veau - 
 
 Une cotelette d'agneau - 
 
 Une cotelette de pore 
 
 Du ragout 
 
 Du lard 
 
 Du jambon 
 
 Des oeufs 
 
 Une omelette 
 
 Un bifteck 
 
 Du roti 
 
 Un roti de boeuf 
 
 Un roti de mouton 
 
 Un roti d'agneau 
 
 Un gigot 
 
 Un gigot d'agneau 
 
 Du poulet 
 
 Une dinde 
 
 Farci 
 
 Des pigeons 
 
 Du lapin 
 
 Du lievre 
 
 Des huitres 
 
 Du pain 
 
 Un pain 
 
 Du beurre 
 
 Du fromage 
 
 De la gelee 
 
 Du pudding 
 
 De la tarte 
 
 Du gateau 
 
 Du cafe 
 
 Du the 
 
 -Some soup. 
 -Some bouillon. 
 -Some meat 
 -A chop. 
 -Mutton chop. 
 -Veal chop. 
 -Lamb chop. 
 -A pork chop. 
 -Stew. 
 
 -Some bacon. 
 -Some ham. 
 -Some eggs. 
 -An omelet. 
 -Beefsteak. 
 -Some roast. 
 -Roast beef. 
 -Roast mutton. 
 -Roast veal. 
 -Leg of meat. 
 -Leg of lamb. 
 -Chicken. 
 -A turkey. 
 -Stuffed. 
 -Pigeons. 
 -Rabbit 
 -Hare. 
 -Oysters. 
 -Some bread. 
 -A loaf of bread. 
 -Some butter. 
 -Some cheese. 
 -Some jelly. 
 -Some pudding. 
 -Some pie. 
 -Some cake. 
 -Some coffee. 
 -Some tea. 
 
Du chocolat Some -chocolate. 
 
 Du lait Some milk. 
 
 Du vin Some wine. 
 
 Une limonade Some lemonade. 
 
 De 1'eau Some water. 
 
 Eau chaude Hot water. 
 
 Eau froide Cold water. 
 
 Eau tiede Lukewarm water. 
 
 Eau frappee Iced water. 
 
 VEGETABLES. 
 
 La salade The lettuce. 
 
 Les pois The peas. 
 
 Les asperges Asparagus. 
 
 Les choux Cabbages. 
 
 Les choux-fleurs Cauliflower. 
 
 Les carottes Carrots. 
 
 Les epinards Spinach. 
 
 Les radis Radishes. 
 
 Le celeri Celery. 
 
 Les pommes de terre Potatoes. 
 
 Les betteraves The beets. 
 
 Les oignons Onions. 
 
 Les concombres Cucumbers. 
 
 Les haricots The beans. 
 
 FRUITS. 
 
 Le raisin The grape. 
 
 La fraise Strawberry. 
 
 L'abrioot Apricot. 
 
 La peche Peach. 
 
 La banane Banana. 
 
 La pomme The apple. 
 
 La poire The pear. 
 
 L'ananas Pineapple. 
 
 La prune Prune. 
 
 Le citron Citron, lemon. 
 
 La mure Blackberry. 
 
 La framboise - Raspberry. 
 
93 
 
 L'orange 
 
 Orange. 
 
 La cerise 
 
 Cherry. 
 
 La noix 
 
 The nut. 
 
 Le raisin sec 
 
 The raisin. 
 
 
 FISHES. 
 
 Du poisson 
 
 Some fish. 
 
 Du saumon 
 
 Salmon. 
 
 Du hareng 
 
 Q It * 
 
 oome nerring. 
 
 Une ecrevisse 
 
 A crawfish. 
 
 De la morue 
 
 Codfish. 
 
 TTn VintnarH 
 
 A. 1* K + 
 
 \J 11 lHJllld.1 LI 
 
 x\ i o D s t e r . 
 FLEUR FLOWER. 
 
 La rose 
 
 The Rose. 
 
 Un oeillet 
 
 A pink. 
 
 Une tulipe 
 
 A fill in 
 
 LUilJJ. 
 
 Un lis 
 
 A lily. 
 
 La violette 
 
 Violet. 
 
 La pensee 
 
 A pansy. 
 
 Le geranium 
 
 A geranium. 
 
 LA SALLE 
 
 A MANGER THE DINING ROOM. 
 
 Cuisine 
 
 Kitchen or cooking. 
 
 La cuisiniere 
 
 The cook. 
 
 T P. rh#f 
 
 rhnf 
 
 jL/c cnei 
 
 La nappe 
 
 v^Ilci. 
 
 Tablecloth. 
 
 La serviette 
 
 Napkin. 
 
 Le couvert 
 
 Covert. 
 
 La cuiller 
 
 rpf 
 
 i ne spoon. 
 
 La fourchette 
 
 Fork 
 
 Le couteau 
 
 
 Le verre 
 
 Glass. 
 
 La carafe 
 
 Decanter. 
 
 L'assiette 
 
 The plate. 
 
 Le plat 
 
 The dish. 
 
 La vaisselle 
 
 The dishes. 
 
 T.I. CAl 
 
 TU U 
 
94 
 
 Le poivre Pepper. 
 
 Le vinaigre Vinegar. 
 
 L'huile The oil. 
 
 Le sucre Sugar. 
 
 Le sucrier Sugar-bowl. 
 
 La cafetiere Coffee pot. 
 
 La theiere Teapot. 
 
 La tasse Cup. 
 
 La soucoupe Saucer. 
 
 Le plateau The tray. 
 
 MEUBLES FURNITURK 
 
 La chaise The chair. 
 
 Le fauteuil The armchair. 
 
 La chaise berceuse Rocking-chair. 
 
 L'armoire The closet. 
 
 La commode The bureau. 
 
 La table de toilette Dressing table. 
 
 Le lit The bed. 
 
 La glace ou le miroir Looking-glass. 
 
 Le rideau The curtain. 
 
 Le tapis Carpet, rug. 
 
 La pendule The clock. 
 
 La cheminee The mantel. 
 
 La lampe The lamp. 
 
 Le piano The piano. 
 
 La statue The statue. 
 
 La plante The plant. 
 
 LA MAISON 
 
 La maison The house. 
 
 Le salon Parlor. 
 
 Le salle a manger Dining-room, 
 
 La chambre Bedroom. 
 
 La cuisine Kitchen. 
 
 Le plancher The floor. 
 
 Le mur Wall. 
 
 Les escaliers Stairs, 
 
95 
 
 Le toit 
 
 Le vestibule 
 
 Un etage 
 
 La cave 
 
 Le garde-manger 
 
 Le grenier 
 
 -The roof. 
 -The vestibule. 
 -A floor, story. 
 -The cellar. 
 -The pantry. 
 -The attic. 
 
 LES VETEMENTS THE CLOTHES. 
 
 un luanicau 
 Un pantalon 
 Les bretelles 
 Les chaussettes 
 Les souliers 
 La chemise 
 Les gants 
 Les bottes 
 Une montre 
 Un col 
 Une cravate 
 La manchette 
 Un gilet 
 Une veste 
 Le mouchoir 
 Une robe 
 Un costume-tailleur 
 Une blouse 
 Un corset 
 Un cache-corset 
 Une jupe 
 Un jupon 
 Une paire de br.s 
 Une paire de souliers 
 
 .r\. cudi. 
 
 Trousers. 
 The braces, suspenders. 
 Socks. 
 Shoes. 
 
 AcVitrf 
 
 The gloves. 
 The boots. 
 A watch. 
 
 fY>11ir 
 
 
 The cuff. 
 A waistcoat. 
 
 Handkerchief. 
 A dress. 
 
 ^\, \vdist 
 
 A corset. 
 Corset cover. 
 A dress skirt. 
 
 _. ^^ Ddir of stockinsrs 
 
 A pair of shoes. 
 
 Une pciire de bottines - A pair of high button shoes. 
 Des puntouflcs Slippers. 
 
 Un chapeau A hat. 
 
 LE CORPS HUMAIN, 
 
 Le corps The body. 
 
 L'ame The soul, 
 
L'esprit 
 Le coeur 
 Le sang 
 La tete 
 La figure 
 La joue 
 Le nez 
 La bouche 
 La dent 
 La langue 
 Les oreilles 
 Un oeil deux 
 Le cou 
 La gorge 
 La poitrine 
 L'epaule 
 Le bras 
 La main 
 Le doigt 
 La jambe 
 Le pied 
 L'estomac 
 Le dos 
 
 96 
 The mind. 
 
 The blood. 
 The head. 
 The face. 
 
 Oirplr 
 
 V^IlCcK.. 
 
 The nose. 
 The mouth. 
 Tooth. 
 
 J. onguc. 
 The ears, 
 yeux One eye, two eyes. 
 
 J- lie neck. 
 The throat. 
 The chest. 
 -L lie shoulder. 
 
 The arm. 
 The hand. 
 The finger. 
 The leg 
 
 The foot. 
 The stomach. 
 The back. 
 
 Une ecole 
 Le maitre 
 La maitresse 
 Le livre 
 Le cahier 
 Le crayon 
 Le papier 
 La plume 
 L'encre 
 Le pupitre 
 Un ecolier 
 Une 
 
 ECOLE. 
 
 -A school. 
 
 -Teacher (m.). 
 
 -Teacher (f.). 
 
 -The book 
 
 -Copybook. 
 
 -Pencil. 
 
 -Paper. 
 
 -Pen. 
 
 -Ink 
 
 -Desk 
 
 -Scholar (m.). 
 
97 
 
 Beau, bel, belle 
 Laid 
 Intelligent 
 Adroit 
 Propre 
 Sale 
 Long 
 Grand 
 Petit 
 Court(e) 
 Mince 
 Poll 
 Impoli 
 Dur 
 Mou 
 Gras 
 Large 
 Rond 
 Chaud 
 Froid 
 Doux, douce 
 Lourd 
 Leger 
 Gai 
 Triste 
 Heureux, heureuse 
 Malheureux 
 Fier ' 
 Agreable 
 Fidele 
 
 Noir 
 Blanc, blanche 
 Rose 
 Rouge 
 Vert 
 
 T^rnn Vrnn#> 
 
 ADJECTIVES, 
 
 Beautiful. 
 
 Bright 
 
 Clever. 
 Clean. 
 
 Di rtv 
 
 
 
 Small. 
 Short. 
 Thin. 
 Polite. 
 Impolite. 
 Hard. 
 Soft. 
 Fat. 
 Wide. 
 
 \Varm 
 
 Cold 
 
 Sweet 
 
 TTfiw 
 
 T iVTit 
 
 j^ignt. 
 T ivplv 
 
 Sad. 
 Happy. 
 TjnhaDOv 
 
 Proud 
 
 A.2freeat)le 
 
 Faithful. 
 COULEURS. 
 
 "Rlnrlr 
 
 White. 
 Pink. 
 Red. 
 Green. 
 
 Thrown 
 
98 
 
 Bleu 
 Jaune 
 Fonce 
 Clair 
 
 Tard 
 
 T6t 
 
 Tou jours 
 
 Bientot 
 
 A present 
 
 Tout de suite 
 
 Enfin 
 
 D'abord 
 
 Ensemble 
 
 Ou 
 
 Ici 
 
 La 
 
 Quelque part 
 
 Dehors 
 
 Dedans 
 
 En haut 
 
 A Tavenir 
 
 Quelquefois 
 
 Vite 
 
 Lentement 
 
 Assez 
 
 Plus 
 
 Moins 
 
 Beaucoup 
 
 Mai 
 
 Plut6t 
 
 A peine 
 
 Pas encore 
 
 Rien 
 
 Chez 
 
 Pres 
 
 Loin 
 
 Avant 
 
 -Blue. 
 -Yellow. 
 -Dark. 
 Light. 
 
 ADVERBS. 
 
 -Late. 
 
 Early. 
 
 Always. 
 
 Soon. 
 
 At present. 
 
 At once. 
 
 -At last. 
 
 -At first. 
 
 Together. 
 
 Where. 
 
 -Here. 
 
 There. 
 
 Somewhere. 
 
 Outside. 
 
 -Within. 
 
 Upstairs. 
 
 -In the future. 
 
 -Sometimes. 
 
 -Quick. 
 
 Slowly. 
 
 -Enough. 
 
 -More. 
 
 -Less. 
 
 -Much or many. 
 
 -Badly. 
 
 -Rather. 
 
 -Scarcely. 
 
 -Not yet. 
 
 -Nothing. 
 
 -At the house of. 
 
 -Near. 
 
 -Far. 
 
 -Before. 
 
99 
 
 Aprfcs 
 
 After. 
 
 Sous 
 
 Under. 
 
 Sur 
 
 On or upon. 
 
 Centre 
 
 Against. 
 
 Vis a vis 
 
 Opposite. 
 
 A 1* i Ae* 
 
 Instead of 
 
 AM lieu Qc 
 
 Avec 
 
 With. 
 
 Entre 
 
 Between. 
 
 Sans 
 
 Without. 
 
 Pour 
 
 For. 
 
 Pendant 
 
 During. 
 
 Aussi 
 
 Also or toOo 
 
 Mais 
 
 But. 
 
 Si 
 
 If. 
 
 Si non 
 
 If not. 
 
 r* *i 
 
 A* 
 
 v^ online 
 Car 
 
 For. 
 
 Parce que 
 
 Because. 
 
 Pourquoi 
 
 Whv 
 
 vv ii y . 
 
 Ainsi 
 
 Thus or so. 
 
 Par consequent 
 
 Consequently. 
 
 Et 
 
 And. 
 
 On 
 
 Or 
 
 WU 
 
 Ononfl mm 
 
 TV v p n if a n v wi3 v> 
 
100 
 
 LA PETITE MENDIANTE. 
 
 Cest la petite mendiante 
 Qui vous demande un peu de pain; 
 Donnez a la pauvre innocente, 
 Donnez, donnez, car elle a faim. 
 Ne rejetez pas ma priere, 
 Votre coeur vous dira pourquoi; 
 J'ai six ans, je n'ai plus de mere, 
 J'ai faim, ayez pitie de moi! 
 
 Hier, c'etait fete au village, 
 A moi personne n'a songe; 
 Chacun dansait sous le feuillage, 
 Helas! et je n'ai pas mange. 
 Pardonnez-moi si je demande; 
 Je ne demande que du pain; 
 Du pain, 32' ne suis pas gourmande 9 
 Ah! ne me grondez pas, j'ai faim. 
 
101 
 
 L'AUMONE. 
 
 Donnez, riches! 1'aumone est soeur de la priere. 
 Helas; quand un vieillard, sur votre seuil de pierre, 
 Tout raidi par 1'hiver, en vain tombe a genoux; 
 Quand les petits enfants, les mains de froid rougies, 
 Ramassent sous vos pieds les miettes des orgies, 
 La face du Seigneur se detourne de vous. 
 
 Donnez! pour etre aime de Dieu qui se fit homme, 
 Pour que le mechant meme en s'inclinant vous nomme, 
 Pour que votre foyer soit calme et fraternel; 
 Donnez! afin qu'un jour, a votre heure derniere. 
 Centre tous vos peches vous ayez la priere 
 D'un mendiant puissant au cieL 
 
LE PETIT SAVOYARD. 
 
 J'ai faim; vous qui passez daignez me secourir. 
 Voyez: la neige tombe, et la terre est glacee; 
 J'ai froid: le vent se leve et 1'heure est avancee, 
 Et je n'ai rien pour me couvrir. 
 
 Tandis qu'en vos palais tout flatte votre envie, 
 A genoux sur le seuil, j'y pleure bien souvent; 
 Donnez: peu me suffit, je ne suis qu'un enfant; 
 Un petit sou me rend la vie. 
 
 On m'a dit qu'a Paris je trouverais du pain; 
 Plusieurs ont raconte, dans nos forets lointaines, 
 Qu'ici le riche aidait le pauvre dans ses peines; 
 Eh bien! moi, je suis pauvre, et je vous tends la main. 
 
 
103 
 
 A 
 
 Page 
 
 Page E 
 
 Page 
 
 Abattre 
 
 25 Concevoir . . . 
 
 
 .... 18 
 
 Abolir 
 
 .... 18 Concourir 
 
 34 ficrire , 
 
 .... 22 
 
 Aboutir 
 
 . . . . 18 Conclure 
 
 31 filargir 
 
 .... 18 
 
 Abreger 
 
 . . . . 45 Conduire 
 
 .... 27 Embellir , 
 
 .... 18 
 
 Accourir 
 
 .... 34 Connaitre 
 
 . . . . 29 Employer .... 
 
 .... 45 
 
 Acheter 
 
 . . . . 45 Construire . . . 
 
 . . . . 27 Encourir 
 
 .... 34 
 
 Accroitre 
 
 ^. . . 32 Consentir . . . . 
 
 . . . . 17 Ennuyer 
 
 .... 45 
 
 Accueillir 
 
 .... 31 Contredire . . . 
 
 . . . . 23 Entendre .... 
 
 .... 24 
 
 Acquerir 
 
 . . . . 33 Conquerir 
 
 . . . . 33 Entreprendre 
 
 .... 37 
 
 Admettre 
 
 . . . . 30 Convaincre . . 
 
 . . . . 28 Entrevoir .... 
 
 . ... 33 
 
 Affaiblir 
 
 .... 18 Convenir 
 
 . . . . 40 tendre 
 
 .... 24 
 
 Agir 
 
 . . . . 18 Correspondre 
 
 24 teindre 
 
 . ... 30 
 
 Aller 
 
 39 Coudre 
 
 .... 21 tre 
 
 .... 26 
 
 Aller (s'en) . . 
 
 .... 60 Courir 
 
 . . . . 34 Envoyer 
 
 . ... 14 
 
 Annoncer 
 
 .... 45 Couvrir 
 
 . . . . 11 quivaloir . . . 
 
 .... 35 
 
 Apparaitre . . . 
 
 29 Craindre 
 
 . . . . 30 Exclure 
 
 . ... 31 
 
 Appartenir 
 
 .... 40 Creer 
 
 .... 45 
 
 
 Appeler 
 
 . . . . 45 Croire 
 
 ....29 F 
 
 
 Apercevoir , , . 
 Apprendre , , , 
 Assailir . 
 
 35 Croitre ...... 
 37 Cueillir 
 .... 31 Cuire 
 
 32 
 . . . . 31 Faire 
 28 Falloir 
 
 38 
 .... 40 
 
 Asseoir (s) . . 
 
 .... 59 
 
 Fendre 
 
 24 
 
 Attendre 
 
 .... 24 
 
 Fleurir 
 
 18 
 
 Avancer 
 
 ....45 D 
 
 Finir 
 
 17 
 
 Avertir 
 
 .... 18 
 
 Fournir 
 
 18 
 
 Avoir 
 
 12 Debattre 
 
 ... t 25 Fuir 
 
 . ... 21 
 
 
 Decevoir 
 
 .... 35 
 
 
 
 Decoudre 
 
 .... 21 G 
 
 
 B 
 
 Decrire 
 Decroitre . . . . 
 
 22 ^ 
 32 Garantir ..... 
 
 18 
 
 1 O 
 
 Balayer 
 Batir 
 Battre 
 
 45 Defaire 
 18 Defendre 
 25 Dementir 
 
 oo Garnir 
 .... oo ^ 
 24 Grossir 
 
 jy Guerir 
 
 , . 10 
 
 18 
 .... 18 
 
 Blanchir 
 
 . . . . 18 Dependre . . . . 
 
 .... 24 
 
 
 Boire 
 
 29 Deplaire 
 
 ....25 n 
 
 
 Bouillir 
 
 31 Dedire 
 
 23 Hair . 
 
 .... 18 
 
 
 Descendre . . . 
 
 .... 24 
 
 
 C 
 
 Desobeir 
 
 ....18 I 
 
 
 
 Detruire 
 
 .... 28 
 
 
 Cherir 
 
 18 Devetir 
 
 .... 32 Induire 
 
 . 28 
 
 Choisir 
 
 .... IB Devenir 
 
 .... 39 Inscrire 
 
 . ... 22 
 
 Combattre . . . 
 
 25 Devoir 
 
 35 Interdire 
 
 .... 23 
 
 Commencer . . 
 
 .... 45 Dire 
 
 .... 22 Interrompre . 
 
 .... 24 
 
 Commettre . . 
 
 .... 30 Discourir 
 
 . . . . 34 Intervenir .... 
 
 ...40 
 
 Complaire . . . 
 
 . . . . 25 Disparaitre . . 
 
 29 Introduire 
 
 .... 28 
 
 Comprendre . 
 
 .... 37 Dormir 
 
 16 Instruire 
 
 . ... 28 
 
104 
 
 J Page 
 
 Jaillir 17 
 
 Jeter 45 
 
 Joindre 30 
 
 Jouir 18 
 
 Languir 17 
 
 Lire 15 
 
 M 
 
 Manger 45 
 
 Medire 23 
 
 Mentir 17 
 
 Mettre 30 
 
 Mourir 32 
 
 Murir 18 
 
 N 
 
 Neiger 42 
 
 Nourrir 18 
 
 Nuire 28 
 
 Obeir 18 
 
 Obtenir 40 
 
 Offrir 11 
 
 Ouvrir 11 
 
 Omettre 30 
 
 Operer 45 
 
 Paraitre 29 
 
 Parcourir 34 
 
 Parfaire 38 
 
 Partir 15 
 
 Parvenir 40 
 
 Peindre 30 
 
 Perdre 24 
 
 Permettre 30 
 
 Perir 18 
 
 Page 
 
 Pendre 24 
 
 Plaindre 30 
 
 Pleuvoir 41 
 
 Pouvoir 36 
 
 Pourvoir 33 
 
 Poursuivre 24 
 
 Predire 23 
 
 Preferer 45 
 
 Prendre 37 
 
 Prescrire 22 
 
 Pressentir 17 
 
 Prevaloir 35 
 
 Prevenir 39 
 
 Prevoir 33 
 
 Produire 28 
 
 Promettre 30 
 
 Promener 45 
 
 Punir 18 
 
 Raccourcir 18 
 
 Rebattre 25 
 
 Recevoir 34 
 
 Reduire 28 
 
 Reconnaitre 29 
 
 Remplir 18 
 
 Rendre 23 
 
 Renvoyer 14 
 
 Reparaitre 29 
 
 Repandre 24 
 
 Repondre 24 
 
 Reposer 59 
 
 Reprendre 37 
 
 Retenir 40 
 
 Revenir 39 
 
 Revendre 24 
 
 Revetir 33 
 
 Reussir 18 
 
 Revoir 33 
 
 Rire > 23 
 
 Rougir 18 
 
 S Page 
 
 Salir 18 
 
 Saisir 18 
 
 Satisfaire 38 
 
 Savoir 36 
 
 S'asseoir 59 
 
 Secourir 34 
 
 Sentir 17 
 
 Sortir 15 
 
 Souffrir 11 
 
 Sourire 23 
 
 Souscrire 22 
 
 Suffire 32 
 
 Suivre 24 
 
 Surprendre 37 
 
 Survivre . . 24 
 
 Traduire 28 
 
 Transcrire 22 
 
 Teindre 30 
 
 Tenir 40 
 
 Tressaillir 31 
 
 Tonner 42 
 
 Tordre , . 24 
 
 U 
 
 Unir 
 
 17 
 
 Vaince 28 
 
 Valoir 35 
 
 Venir 39 
 
 Vendre 23 
 
 Vetir 32 
 
 Vieillir 18 
 
 Vivre 24 
 
 Voir 33 
 
 Vouloir 37 
 
 Yavoir 41 
 
UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 BERKELEY 
 
 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 SEP 
 
 REX, L i_D 
 
 DECS 1962 
 
 40ct'62MV 
 RHC' 
 
 SEP 2 1362 
 
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 j**< 
 
 LOAN DEPT. 
 
 10m-4,'23 
 
rf? 
 
 YB 12447 
 
 415772 
 
 t/y 
 
 
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