■an -J**^' B^^w^e^ WWVW' ^^1 v mA' * CA&I 4^' THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ml m»- !■ 'W^VWa' ^ O riAA* ~ _ . - A - /K | - ! mmmmm^> ,.fc rr ■ ^ r- ~ r fi r r r ' v^" r ; 3$ws wp\m 1 I - JAW? ■ ft -I /teW. i&m rf.ififi**^? '*Al^A . /W>/V .A* 4 & 0711* WORTHIES OF LEEDS. 'VIR BONUS EST COMMUNE BONtJM." 'VIRTUS POST EUNERA vtvit." ' V1V1MUS IN POSTERIS." ! DUM YIVIMUS, VTVAMUS." THE IOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS; OR, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE ORTHIES OF LEEDS AND NEIGHBOURHOOD, Jfrcm % $jfo*man Cmqnxsi ta % ^nztnt tmt; tfPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND ARRANGED IX CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER : WITH AX INTRODUCTION ON THE STUDY OF BIOGRAPHY, AXD COPIOUS INDEXES. REV. E. V. TAYLOR, B.A., CURATE OF ST. BARNABAS', HOLBECK ; •>f King's College, London ; and formerly an Assistant Master in the Leeds Grammar School, . PAGE 1739. Lady Elizabeth Hastings .. 146 1740. William Milner, Esq 150 1742. Rev. Richard Bentley, D.D. 152 174.".. Rev. Joseph Cookson, M.A. .. 15S 1749. Sir Walter Calverley, Bart. 160 (1745 .General Guest .. .. .. 163 1755. Rev. Thomas Magney, D.D. 164 1757. David Hartley, M.A., M.D. .. 164 1761. Sir Henry Ibbetson, Bart. . . 163 1765. Sir Thomas Denison, Knight . . 169 1768. Rev. Richard Baron .. 170 1772. George (Fox\ Lord Bingley .. 173 1772. Robert Stansfleld, Esq. .. 174 1777. Rev. Francis Fawkes, M.A. .. 174 1778. First Earl of Mexborough . . 1,7 1778. Charles Ingram, Visct. Irwin 178 1782. William Denison, Esq. .. 180 1782. Jeremiah Dixon, Esq., F.R.S. 181 1784. Rev. Thomas Adam, B.A. 183 1786. Rev. Samuel Kirshaw, D.D. .. 183 1788. Benjamin Wilson, Esq., F.R.S. 185 1788. Rev. Sir Wm. Lowther, Bart. . . 186 1791. John Berkenhout, Esq., M.D. 187 1792. John Smeaton, Esq., F.R.S. .. 191 1792. Right Rev. C. Wilson, D.D. 200 1794. Lieutenant C. H. Nevile .. 203 1794. Rev. Guy Fairfax .. .. 203 1795. First Lord Harewood . . . . 204 1797. Rev. Joseph Milner, M.A. 205 1 798. Thomas Maude, Esq 20S 1799. Lieutenants Nevile . . . . 209 1S00. Rev. Newcome Cappe . . . . 210 1801. Mr. Thomas Wright . . 213 1801. Lieutenant Samuel Predham . . 217 1804. Rev. J. Priestley, LL.D., F.R.S. 217 1805. Mr. Gervas Storr . . . . 227 1806. Joseph Denison, Esq. . . 223 1808. Rev. William Wood, F.L.S. .. 232 1809. Captains Walker and Beckett 237 1810. Robert Davison, Esq., M.D. .. 237 1810. Rev. Wm. Sheepshanks, M.A. 239 1811. Rev. Miles Atkinson, B.A. .. 242 1811. Sir William M. Milner, Bart. 242 1813. Rev. Joseph Jowett, LL.D. .. 247 1814. Mr. Samuel Birchall .. 253 1814. James Lucas, Esq. .. .. 253 1814. Rev. James Scott, D.D. .. 254 1815. Rev. Peter Haddon, M.A. .. 259 1815. Rev. John Hey, D.D. .. 260 1815. Mr. John Ryley 262 1816. Rev. Joseph WMteley, M.A. 263 1817. Joshua Walker. Esq., M.D. .. 264 1817. Mr. Herbert Knowles .. 266 1819. William Hey, Esq., F.R.S. .. 267 1819. Mr. Matthew Talbot .. 274 1820. First Earl of Harewood .. 275 1820. VeryRev.I.Milner,D.D., F.R.S. 277 1821. James Lane) Fox, Esq., M.P. 283 1-21. /.'• i\ Thomas Mnrrjan, LL.D. 283 1821. Rev. T.D.AVhitaker, LL.D., (fee. 286 1825. Sir James Graham, Bart., M.P. 294 1825. W "alter U. Fawkes, Esq., M.P. 296 1S20. Mr. Matthew Murray .. 298 12 Died A.n. 1826. 1826. 1S26. 1S26. 1826. 1827. 1828. 1828. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1830. 1830. 1830. 1831. 1831. 1831. 1831. 1831. 1831. 1832. 1S32. 1832. 1833. 1833. 1833. 1833. 1834. 1834. 1835. is;;.j. 1836. 1837. 1837. 1837. 1837. 1837. 1837. 1838. 1839. 1839. 1839. 1S40. 1840. 1841. 1841. 1841. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1843. 1843. 1843. 1844. 1844. 1844. 1844. 1845. 1845. 1845. 1846. 1846. 1846. 1847. 1847. 1847. 1847. 1847. 1848. 1848. 1848. CONTENTS. PACK "William Barnes Rhodes, Esq. 302 C. J. Brandling, Esq., M.P. 302 Sir John Beckett, First Baronet 304 Mr. John Luccock . . . . 305 .Sir Thomas Vavasour, Bart. .. 305 Mr. Charles Cope . . . . 306 Colonel Thomas Lloyd . . . . 307 Sir John Trevelyan, Bart. .. 307 John Atkinson, Esq., F.L.S. .. 311 Mr. Samuel Hick . . . . 313 Second Earl of Mexborough . . 319 Edward S. George, Esq , F.L.S. 320 Rev. George Walker, M. A. .. 321 Rev. Samuel Clapham, M.A. 324 Mr. John Blenkinsop . . . . 327 Rev. James Fawcett, B.D. 328 Roger Holt Leigh, Esq. . . 333 Lieutenant-General Cockell 335 Rev. Joseph Swain, B. D. . . 336 Benjamin Hird, Esq., M.D. 336 Edward Markland, Esq. . . 337 D. Sykes, Esq.. M.A., M.P. 337 Charles Frederick Edgar, Esq. 342 Charles T. Thackrah, Esq. 344 Rev. Edward Parsons . . . . 348 Thomas Tennant, Esq. . . 349 Rev. Thomas Jervis . . . . 350 Rev. William Vint . . . . 352 Colonel Sir Michael M'Creagh 353 M. T. Sadler, Esq., M.P., F.R.S. 354 Richard Hey, Esq., LL.D. .. 363 J. Marshall, jun., Esq., M.P. 364 Rev. William M. Heald, M.A. 366 Charles Milner, Esq. . . 367 Rev. Richard Fawcett, M.A. .. 368 John Entwisle, Esq., M.P. 370 J. Hey, Esq.. F.L.S., F.G.S. .. 371 Rev. Thomas Sisson, M.A. 372 Sixth Duke of Leeds, K.G. . . 373 Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. Elley, K.C.B. 375 Alderman George Scholey . . 376 William Robinson, Esq. . . 387 Benjamin Gott, Esq 377 George Bridges, Esq., M.P. 380 Charles Carr, Esq., M.D. .. 382 T. S. B. Reade, Esq. . . 383 Mr. William Dawson . . . . 384 Second Earl of Harewood . . 390 John N. Rhodes, Esq 395 Mr. John Nicholson . . 396 Adam Hunter, Esq., M.D. .. 400 Rev. John Beck Holmes . . 401 George W. Wood, Esq., M.P. 401 William Hey, Esq., J.P. .. 403 Earl of Lonsdale, KG. ..403 Sir John Lowther, Bart., M.P. 406 James Musgrave, Esq 408 James Bischoff, Esq. . . 409 John Marshall, Esq., M.P. .. 411 James Williamson, Esq., M.D. 415 Thomas Benson Pease, Esq. . . 416 Mr. Jonathan Shackleton . . 416 Griffith Wright, Esq 417 Christopher Beckett, Esq. . . 418 Right Hon. Sir J. Beckett, M.P. 422 Richard F. Wilson, Esq., M.P. 424 Rev. Thomas Dykes, LL.B. ..424 Rev. John Ely . . . . 426 Joseph Taylor, Esq 430 Rev.R.W. Hamilton, LL.D.,&c. 431 Edward Baines, Esq., M.P. .. 435 Died A.D. 1848. 1848. 1848. 1848. 1S49. 1849. 1849. 1850. 1S50. 1851. 1851. 1851. 1851. 1853. 1853. 1854. 1854. 1854. 1855. 1855. 1855. 1855. 1855. 1855. 1856. 1856. 1856. 1856. 1857. 1857. 1857. l-.'-i. 1858. 1859. 1859. 1S59. 1859. 1859. 1860. 1860. 1860. I860. 1860. 1860. I860; 1860. 1861. 1861. 1861. 1861. 1861. 1861. 1861. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1865. Rear- Admiral Markland . . Mrs. Matthewman Mr. Thomas Gray George Lane Fox, Esq. , M. P. . . John Hepworth Hill, Esq. Gen. SirR. T. Wilson, M.P. .. R. W. D. Thorp, Esq., M.I). William Smith, Esq., J.P. .. Rev. Thomas Ftirbank, M.A. Wade Browne, Esq., M.A. William Busfeild, Esq., M.P. Rev. John Fawcett, M.A. William West, Esq., F.R.S. N. C. Scatcherd, Esq.. F.S.A. Mr. Henry Schroeder James Montgomery, Esq. Rev. Joseph Holmes, D.D. Joseph Robert Atkinson, Esq. Joshua Bower, Esq. Sir William Molesvjorth, M.P. Mr. Joseph Rhodes John Atkinson, Esq. Rev. R. Sheepshanks, F.R.S. John Hardy, Esq., M.P. William Williams Brown, Esq. James Broic-n, Esq. Thomas Nicholson, Esq. John Wilkinson, Esq Third Earl of Harewood . . Robert Hall, Esq., M.A., M.P. Mr. Thomas Plint David Cooper, Esq. Mr. William Hirst Henry Hall, Esq F. R. Atkinson, Esq Sir George Goodman, M. P. Rigid Hon. Lord Macaulay . . Rev. F. T. Cookson, M.A. Lord Londesborongh, F.R.S. .. Right Hon. M. T. Baines, M.P, Thomas W. Tottie, Esq. Mr. Joseph Gott John Arthur Ikin, Esq. Third Earl of Mexborough . . Rev. Thomas Scales Ralph Markland, Esq. Sir Peter Fairbairn Thomas F. Ellis, Esq., M.A. J. G. Uppleby, Esq Thomas Edward Plint, Esq. . . James Holdforth, Esq. Richard Oastler, Esq. Mr. James Nichols William Beckett, Esq., M.P. .. Frederick Hobson, Esq. Win. M. Maude, Esq William Willans, Esq., J.P. . . William Gott, Esq John Sheepshanks, Esq. .. R. G. Hardwick, Esq., M.D. .. Alaric A. Watts, Esq. Charles G. Maclea, Esq. Mrs. Wood (Vocalist) John Hope Shaw, Esq. James E. Fawcett, Esq. Mr. Henry Smith John Fowler. Esq. Admiral Meynell Conclusion Addenda et Corrigenda R.N. 13 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Adams, Robert Addyman, Councillor Akroyd, Edward, J. P. Aldam, William, J. P. (2 copies) Alderson, Joseph Allman, Thomas Ambler, Thomas Anderton, George, J. P. Andrew, John Anonymous (5 copies) Appleton, Henry Appleyard, Rev. William Armfield, Rev. George Armitage, S. L. Armistead Wilson (2 copies) Arthington, William Asquith, John William Atkinson, Edward Atkinson, H. Miles Atkinson, John H. Atkinson, John William (2 copies) Atkinson, Mrs. Atkinson, Rev. Dr., Camb. Atlay, Rev. Dr. (2 copies) Backhouse, E. Baines, Edward, M.P. (2 copies). Baines, Frederick (2 copies) Baines, T. B. (2 copies) Baker, Robert (4 copies) Barker, John H. (2 copies) Barr, Robert Barret, Joseph M. (2 copies) Barry, Rev. Alfred, B.D. Barthram, James Bates, Edmund Bateson, Joseph, J. P. Baxter, Joseph Baxter, William Baynes, Edward Eoberfc Beanland, W. Bearpark, George E. Bedford, F. W.,D.C.L. Beecroft, George S., M.P. (4 copies) Bell, John, B.A. Bell, William Bennett, George W. Bent, Pct> i Benton, Mark Bickerdike, Rev. John Bilbrough, J. B. Birchall, J. D. (4 copies) Bischoff, James (3 copies) Bishop, Edward, M.D. Blackburn, John Blackburn, Vernon Blake, Barnett Blakelock, Rev. Canon Blomefield, Rev. John Bloome, Matthew (2 copies) Booker, Rev. C. F. Booth, Thomas Boothman, Edward Botterill, Alderman (6 copies) Bower, Joshua Bower, William Bowers, Rev. T. S. Boyne, William, F.S.A. Bradley, John Braim, John H. Braithwaite, John Bramley, Rev. H. R. Brewer, Rev. Dr. Briggs, Riley Briggs, Thomas Brook, Christopher B. Brown, James, M.P. (2 copies) Brown, Samuel James (2 copies) Browne, Rev. Canon Browne, John C. Bruce, William Buckton, Frederick Buckton, Joshua (2coj>ies) Bulmer, George Burniston, James Burton, John (2 copies) Burton, Joseph Burton, R. S. Butler, John O. Butler, Thomas Bywater, J. R. Calverley, John (2 copies) ( larias, Ben Carr, George S. Cartledge, Charles 14 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Cass, Rev. W. A. Cassells, Rev. A. Cazenove, Rev. J. G. Chad wick, C, M.D. (2 copies) Chadwick, Rev. J. W. Chambers, Rev. O. L. Charnock, George Chiesman, W. G. Child, Lieutenant-Colonel Childers, J.W., J. P. Clapham, Samuel Clark, Rev. James Clay, George Clayton, "William Cockerham, John Collier, Rev. C. H. (2 copies) Collins, Benjamin Cooke, John Cooke, William Cookson, Francis Cookson, Mrs. F. T. (2 copies) Cookson, Rev. Edward Cooper, John (4 copies) Cooper, Samuel Thomas Cotton, Stephen Coxon, Henry Craig, R. & G. Craven, Councillor (2 copies) Crawford, Alexander Crawford, William (2 copies) Crosland, Rev. John Cross, John Crossley, Sir F., Bart., M.P. Cruse, A. F. Cuthhert, John Daglish, W. M. Darwin, Francis, J. P. Dawson, Edwin Dawson, John Dawson, John (Kirkstall) Dawson, Thomas Day, Samuel Denny, Henry Derham, T. S. Dibb, Thomas T. (2 copies) Dickinson, J. N. Dinsdale, J. Dixon, John, J. P. Dobson, John Dobson, Thomas, M.D. Donaldson, Thomas Douglas, H. Doyle, James* Alfred Dunderdale, John Dykes, Rev. J. B., Mus.Doc. Eagland, Thomas Eastwood, J. Ellershaw, John (2 copies) Ellershaw, R. J. (2 copies) Elmer, Thomas Entwisle, J. S. (2 copies) Fatrbairn, Andrew (6 copies) Farsley Mechanics' Institute Fawcett, J. K. Fawcett, Rev. J. M. Fenteman, Thomas (4 copies) Fitton, E. G. Forrest, Charles, sen. Forster, W. E, M.P. (2 copies) Foster, Allen Foster, Charles Foster, Edwin, M.D. Fourness, M. A. Fox, George S. Lane, J. P. Fox, James, C.E. Francis, Colonel Franks, Mrs. Elizabeth Garlic k, Joseph P. (2 copies) Garside, Alderman Gascoigne, F. C. T., J. P. Gaunt, Councillor George, Alderman (2 copies) Gibbs, William Gilbanks, Rev. G. F. Gisburn, John H. Gladstone, Rev. D. T. Glover, Samuel Goodman, John (2 copies) Graveley, John Grayson, George Green, F. Green, Councillor (2 copies) Greene, Rev. W. C. Greenwell, Rev. N. (2 copies) Griffiths, David Grosvenor, Charles (2 copies) Hailstone, Edward, F.S.A. Hainsworth, James Hall, William Earner, Henry (2 copies) Hamilton, R. W. (2 copies) Hammond, Rev. Joseph Handcock, George Hanson, William Hardwick, John Hardy, Charles, J.P. Hardy, Gathorne, M.P. (2 copies) Harvey, Thomas Hayward, George Heald, Rev. Canon Heaton, J. D., M.D. (2 copies) Heaton, Thomas C. Henderson, Rev. Dr. (4 copies) Henville, Rev. E. Hepper, J. H. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 15 Hey, Rev. Canon Hey, Rev. John Hey, Samuel Hey, William (2 copies) Hiley, Rev. R. W. Hill, George Hill, John "William (2 copies) Hill, Miss J. F. Hindle, W. B. Hirst, William Henry Hobbiss, John James Hobson, Edward Hobson, Joseph Hobson, Joseph (Roundhay) Hobson, Leonard Hobson, Richard, M.D. Hodgson, J. P. Holbeck Mechanics' Institute Holdforth, "Walter (6 copies) Hole, James Hollway, T. S. Holmes, John Holmes, Rev. F. G. Holroyd, John Holroyd, Thomas Holroyd, T. T. Holt, Benjamin Holt, John Holt, Joseph Holt, Rev. E. K. H., T. Horsfall, Abraham Horsfield, J. N. Horton, Richard George Houghton, Rt. Hon. Lord (2 copies) Hudson, Robert John (2 copies) Huggon, William Hunslet Mechanics' Institute Hunt, John Hyam & Co. Hyde, William I kin, J. Ingham Ulingworth, William Inchbold, Henry Ingham, Samuel Ingledew, C. J. D. Ingram, H. C. Meynell (2 copies) Irwin, Edward (2 copies) Jackson, Frederick Jefferson, Peter Jepson, Edward George Jowett, Janus Joy, Rev. Samuel Joy, Walker (2 copies) Kate, John, jun. 11, Alderman (2 copies) Keiidull, Dr., J. P. Kendell, John Kerr, Samuel H., Ph.D. (3 copies) Kershaw, Rev. H. Kettlewell, W. C. Kinsman, Rev. A. G. Kirk, John Kirkby, Frederick Kitson, Alderman (2 copies) Knight, J. C. Lampen, Henry Lawson, John Lawson, Samuel, jun. Laycock, Thomas Leach, Robert Leadman, Miss E. W. Leatham, E. A., M.P. (2 copies) Leatham, William H. (2 copies) Leather, J. Towlerton Leather, John W., C.E. Lee, Charles Leeds Church Institute Leeds Mechanics' Institution Leighton, Christopher Linsley, Councillor Lloyd, Mrs. George Lobley, Rev. John. Loe, James S. Longfield, Joseph Luccock, J. D., Mayor Lumb, Charles P. Lupton, Darnton (2 copies) Lupton, Rev. J. H. Lyon, Richard Ma kins, Mrs. Charles (2 copies) Mallorie, T. P. (2 copies) Mann, David Manning, John March, Alderman (6 copies) March, George (4 copies) Margerison, John L. Markham, Lieut. -Colonel, J. P. Marshall, Arthur Marshall, Henry Cowper, J. P. Marshall, James Garth, J. P. Marshall, Reginald Dykes, J. P. Marshall, Thomas H., J.P. Marshall, William Martin, Samuel D. (2 copies) Maule, John Blosset (2 copies) Mayliall, John McCheane, Rev. J. H. Merritt, Samuel Mexborough, The Earl of (2 copies) Middleton, John William Middleton, Rev. C. II. Milner, sir W. M., Bart. (2 copies) Moorhouse, E. H. Morley, George (4 copies) 16 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Musgrave, Archdeacon, D.D. Nelson, George Nelson, Henry- Nelson, J. H. Newlove, Rev. Richard Nichols, Councillor (2 copies) Nichols, William (2 copies) Nicholson, Thomas North, William Nunneley, Thomas Nussey, O., ex-Mayor (G copies) Nussey, Richard Nussey, Thomas (2 copies) O'Callaghan, P., LL.D. (2 copies) Oxley, Alderman Parker, Edwin Parkes, Charles (2 copies) Parkinson, William Parsons, E. Payne, Richard E. (4 copies) Pease, Thomas (3 copies) Peckover, Daniel (2 copies) Penny, John Pepper, Wm. & Thos. (2 copies) Pickard, Daniel Pollard, John Pool, John Pool, Luke Price, William Nicholson Prockter, John B. Pullan, Richard Pudsey Mechanics' Institution Ramsden, J. W. Ramsden, Sir J. W., Bart., M.P. Raper, W. C. Reinhardt, J. C. Reynolds, Richard Rhodes, John (5 copies) Rhodes, William, J. P. Richardson, Thomas Rider, James Ridsdale, Joseph H. Ripley, David Ripley, John Roberts, Samuel Robinson, Major John Robinson, Rev. G. C. Roodhouse, Charles Roundell, Rev. D. R. Rowell, Rev. F. T. Royce, John Rushforth, William Ryder, Charles Sadler, Michael Thos. (3 copies) Sadler, M. T., jun., M.D. (3 copies) Salt, Titus (2 copies) Sampson, Henry Sangster, J. W. Savile, Hon. and Rev. P. Y. Scatcherd, Samuel (2 copies) Scattergood, Thomas Scholes, George Scholey, John Scotson, George Seaton, James Senior, Rev. Joseph, LL.D. Settle, Joseph Sewell, Edward Shackleton, John Sharp, Rev. T. W. Sharp, S. H. Sharpe, Nathaniel Sheepshanks, Rev. Thomas Sheldon, Councillor Shepherd, John Shipperdson, Rev. E. H. Simpson, Algernon Simpson, Dr., J. P. Simpson, Robert TV. Sisson, Rev. J. L., D.D. Smith, Frederick Smith, George Smith, Henry Stooks Smith, John Smith, John, J.P. (2 copies) Smith, John M. (2 copies) Smith, John Wales Smith, Rev. John G. Smith, Rev. S., D.D. Smith, Samuel Smith, William, jun. Smith, William, Son, & Co. Snell, John (2 copies) Spark, Frederick R. Spark, William, Mus.Doc. Spray, James, M.A. Stansfeld, Hamer, J.P. Stansfeld, Thomas W. Stead, Samuel Stratten, Rev. John R. Stubbins, Henry Stuhlmann, A. F. C. Sumner, Rev. N. H. Sunter, John Thomas Swainson, John Swan, Thomas E. Tatham, George Tattersall, Edward Taylor, Charles Taylor, C. H. Taylor, George (2 copies) Taylor, Henry Taylor, John Taylor, Samuel ALPHABETICAL LIST OP SUBSCRIBERS. 17 Teale, T. P., F.R.S. (6 copies) Tempest, Charles Tennant, Joseph Mason Tennant, Thomas Tetley, Joshua Thackeray, Joseph Thackrah, John Thorne, James Thornton, F. L. Thorold, Eev. William Thorp, Ven. Archdeacon (2 copies) Thorp, Disney L., II. D. (2 copies) Thurston, S. C. Titley, Alderman Torre, Eev. W. F. W. Townsley, J. H. Trevelyan, SirW. C, Bart. Turner, Eev. Alfred Tutin, Eev. William Upton, Thomas Eveeakd Urquhart, Eev. John Vance, John, M.P. Wadsworth, Thomas, & Co. Wailes, William Wainman, Benjamin (2 copies) Warburton, W. H. Ward, Eev. J. P. Ward, Thomas G. Wardell, James (2 copies) Wardle, Charles W. (2 copies) Wardman, Henry Ware, Eev. W. W. Waterhouse, W. Watson, George Watson, William West, William Wheler, Eev. Charles, J.P. W heater, William Whewell, Eev. Professor, D.D. Whitaker, Eev. E. N. Whitaker, T. H., J.P. White, William Whitham, Joseph & Son (2 copies) Whitham, Joshua Wilcock, William Wilkinson, John Wilkinson, Joseph Willans, J. Edward Willey, Eev. Joseph H. Williamson, Alfred Wilson, B., jun. Wilson, George Wilson, John, J.P. Wilson, Eichard Wilson, T. Winter, William Wood & Jackson Wood, Eev. F. J. W< lod, Eev. J. Spicer (2 copies) Wood, Eichard Wood, Wm. Eayner, J.P. (2 copies) Woodhead, John Woodd, Basil T., M.P. (2 copies) Woollam, Eev. William (2 copies) Wouldhave, J. H. Wouldhave, William (2 copies) Wright, Murrell Wright, Thomas, M.A., F.S.A. Teadon, Edmund Yewdall, George Young, George Subscribers, 508 ; Copies, 658. 18 LIST OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL BOOKS WRITTEN OR PUBLISHED BY LEEDS MEN. Note. —Those AYorks marked with an asterisk (») refer to living authors ; and those marked with a dagger (t) are not to be found in the Leeds Librarj-. tADAM (Rev. Thomas), Complete Works, 3 vols., 8vo., London, 1822. — Exposi- tion of the Four Gospels, with Memoir, by Westoby, 2 vols., Svo., 1837. *Armistead ("Wilson), "Cloud of Witnesses" against slavery and oppres- sion, 12mo., 1853. — Leeds Anti-Slavery Tracts, 12mo., 1853. — Select Miscellanies, illustrative of the History, &c. , of the Society of Friends, 6 vols., 12mo., 1851. — Tribute for the Negro, a Vindication of the Moral, Intellectual, and Religious Capabilities of the Coloured Races, 8vo., 1848. Atkinson (John, F.L.S.), Compendium of the Ornithology of Great Bri- tain, with Reference to the Anatomy and Physiology of Birds, 8vo., 1820. Atkinson (Rev. Miles, B.A. ), Practical Sermons, with Life of the Author, 2 vols., 8vo., 1812. — National Jubilee, a Sermon, 8vo., Leeds, 1809. BAINES (Edward, M.P.), History of the Wars of the French Revolution from 1792 to 1815, comprehending the Civil History of Great Britain and France, 3 vols., 4to., 1817.— History of Lancashire, 4 vols., 4to., 1836. — Parson (W.), History and Directory of Yorkshire, 2 vols., 12mo., Leeds, 1823.— Life of, by his son, E. Baines, 8vo., 1851. *Edward, jun., M.P., Companion to the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire, post 8vo., 1830. — History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain, 8vo., 1835. — On the Moral Influence of Free Trade, and its effects on the Prosperity of Nations, 8vo., 1835. — Social, Educational, and Religious State of the Manufacturing Districts, 8vo., 1843.— Tracts on State and Voluntary Education from 1846 to 1856, Svo. —Visit to the Vaudois of Piedmont, 12mo., 1855. t Barnard (Rev. Thomas, M.A.), Historical Character of the Lady Elizabeth Hastings, &c, Leeds, 1742. Baron (Rev. Richard), Pillars of Priestcraft and Orthodoxy Shaken, 4 vols., 12mo., 1768. — fCordial for Low Spirits, 3 vols., 12mo., 1750. * BARRY (Rev. Alfred), Introduction to the Study of the Old Testament, Svo., 1856. — Notes on the Gospels, Leeds. Bentlet (Rev. Dr. Richard), Works, edited by Rev. A. Dyce, 3 vols., 8vo. 1836.— Correspondence, edited bv Rev. C. Wordsworth, D.D., 2 vols., 8vo., 1842.— Life of, by Rev. Dr. Monk, 4to, 1830. Berkenhout (John, M.D.), Biographia Literaria, or Biographical History of Literature, 4to., 1777.— Essay on the Bite of a Mad Dog, 8vo., 1783.— f Letters on Education, to his son at Oxford, 2 vols., 12mo., 1791. — Lucubrations on Ways and Means, addressed to Lord North, 8vo., 1780. — Synopsis of the National History of Great Britain and Ireland, 2 vols., 12mo., 1789. BlRCHALL (Samuel), Descriptive List of the Provincial Copper Coins or Tokens issued between 1786 and 1796, 12mo., Leeds, 1796. BlSCHOFF (James), History of Van Dieman's Land, 8vo., 1832. — History of the Woollen and Worsted Manufactures, and the Natural and Com- mercial History of Sheep, 2 vols., 8vo., 1842, with Pamphlets on " The Wool Question Considered," on " Marine Insurances," on " Foreign Tariffs," &c. BOOKS PUBLISHED BY LEEDS MEN. 19 BOLTON (J., of Halifax), Filices Britannicse, or a History of the British Proper Ferns, 4to., Leeds, 1ST. D. — History of Funguses growing about Halifax, 3 vols., 4to., Leeds, 1788.— Natural History of British Song- Birds, 2 vols., 4to., 1794-6. Bowman (W.), Reliquiae Antiqu?e Eboracenses, or Remains of Antiquity relating to the County of York, 6 parts, 4to., 1851-55. '"Boyne (William, F.S. A. ), Tokens issued in the Seventeenth Century, 8vo., 1858. — Tokens issued in Yorkshire, with the Corporate Seals of the County, 4to., privately printed, Headingley, 1858. +BOTSE (Rev. Joseph), Complete "\Yorks, 2 vols., folio, 1728. Bramley (Richard Ramsden), Roadmaker's Guide, 8vo. , Leeds, 1805. British Association Reports, 8vo., Leeds, 1858. +BCRLEND (Edward), Village Rhymes, &c. ^Burrow, (Reuben), Lady's and Gentleman's Diary. — Restitution of the Geometrical Treatise of Apollonius Pergreus on Inclinations, 4to., 1779. — The Theory of Gunnery, or the Doctrine of Projectiles in a Non- resisting Medium, 4to. , 1779. +Borton (Rev. Henry), see Kippis's Biographia Britannica. Bctterworth (William), Three Years' Adventures of a Minor, 8vo., Leeds. +Cappe (Rev. N. ), Three Fast-Day Sermons, published during the American War. — A Sermon on the Thanksgiving Day, 1784. — A Selection of Psalms for Social Worship. — Remarks in Vindication of Dr. Priestley, in answer to the Monthly Reviewers. — Critical Remarks on many im- portant Passages of Scripture, with Memoirs of his Life, by his wife, 2 vols., 8vo., 1802. — Discourses, chiefly on Devotional Subjects, with Memoirs, 8vo., York, 1805. — Discourses, chiefly on Practical Subjects, 8vo., York, 1815. tClapham (Rev. Samuel), Selected Family Sermons, 3 vols. — Sermons, 3 vols. +Congreve (William), Memoirs of. — Poem to the memory of, by James Thomson, edited by Cunningham, 1843 (Anderson, Chalmers). — Works, 3 vols., 8vo., Birmingham, Baskerville, 1761. — Works, with Life, 2 vols., small 8vo., 1774. — Dramatic Works, edited by Leigh Hunt, imperial 8vo., 1840. +COOKE (Rev. Alexander), see Whitaker's Tltoreshy. +COOK.E (Rev. Robert), Censura Patrum, &c. *Denison (Edmund Beckett, Q.C.), Rudimentary Treatise on Clock and Watch-making, 12mo., 1850. — Lectures on Church-Building, 8vo., 1856. * Denny (Henry), An Essay on the British Parasitic Insects, 8vo., 1842, &c. ■f Dixon (Rev. J. D. ), Sermons preached at St. Luke's Church, Leeds, 1851. +DYKES (Rev. Thomas, LL.B.), Sermons, with Memoirs of his Life, 1849. tEDGAR (Charles Frederick), Yorkshire Literary Annual, 1831. — Original Poems, 2 vols., Leeds, 1831-32. +Ellis (Thomas Flower), and Adolphus, Queen's Bench Reports, 12 vols., 8vo., from 1835. — Ditto, 18 vols., new series. +Ely (Rev. Johu), Winter Lectures, 8vo., 1833. — An Appeal to the Religious Community, 8vo., 1838. Fairfax, Correspondence. — Memoirs of the Reign of Charles I. (1625—40), edited by Johnson, 2 vols., 8vo., 1848. — Memorials of the Civil Wars, edited by Bell, 2 vols., 8vo., 1849. ■f Fairfax (Edward), Translation of Tasso's Jervsalcm Delivered, first pub- lished in 1600. — Ditto, 2 vols., post 8vo., 1817.— History of Edward the Black Prince. — Treatise on Demonology, Eclogues, &c. Fawcett (Rev. James, B.D. ), Sermon on the Propriety and Importance of Public Worship, 8vo., 1790. — Sermons before the University of Cam- bridge, 8vo., 1794. t Fawcett (Rev. John), Sermons, 4 vols. — Exposition of St. John, 3 vols. — Exposition of the Acts, 3 vob. 20 SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL BOOKS FAWKES (Francis) Original Poems and Translations, 1761. — Poetical "Works, in Chalmers's English Poets, vol. xvi. tFAWKES (Walter R.), Chronology of the History of Modern Europe, 4to., 1810.— Two Political Pamphlets, &c. *Fenteman's Historical Guide to Leeds, 1858. Furbank (Rev. Thomas), Votive Offerings, a Help towards Stanningley Church, 8vo. 5 1839. tGRAY (Thos.), Observations on a General Iron Railway, 7s. 6d., Svo., 1820. — Essays on Land-Steam Conveyance. Haigh (Rev. D. H.), Essay on the Numismatic History of the Kingdom of the East Angles, 8vo., Leeds, 1845. Hall (Robert, M.P.), Visit to Mettray, 8vo., 1854. — Visits to Continental Reformatories, 8vo., 1855. HAMER (John, F.R.S.L.), The Smoker's Text-Book; printed in " Brilliant," the smallest movable type in the world, 1864. t Hamilton (Rev. Dr. R. "W". ), Pastoral Appeals on Personal, Domestic, and Social Prayer, 1834. — The Little Sanctuary (Domestic Prayers), 1838. — The Institutions of Popular Education, 1844. — Sermons, second series, 1846. — The Revealed Doctrine of Rewards and Punishments, 1847. — Horse et Vindicise Sabbaticae ; or, Familiar Disquisitions on the Revealed Sabbath, 1848. — Posthumous Works of the Rev. John Ely, with Memoir, 1848. — Essay on Craniology, 8vo., Leeds, 1826. — Missions, their Autho- rity, Scope, and Encouragement, 8vo., 1842. — Sermons, 8vo., 1833. — Nugse Literarise, Prose and Verse, 8vo., 1841. — Life of, by the Rev. Dr. Stowell, 8vo., 1850. HARTLEY (David, M.D.), Observations on Man, his Frame, Duty, and Expectations, 2 vols., 8vo., 1749; 3 vols., 8vo., 1791. — Theory of the Mind, edited by Dr. Priestley, 8vo., 1775. Hey (Rev. Dr. John), Discourses on the Malevolent Sentiments, 8vo., 1801. — Lectures in Divinity, 3 vols. , 8vo., Cambridge, 1796 ; third edition, 1841. — +Poem on Redemption, Sermons, &c. Hey (Mrs.), Moral of Flowers, royal 8vo.,1833. — Recollections of the Lakes, and other Poems, 12mo., 1841. — Spirit of the Woods, royal 8vo., 1837. Liberty and Principles of Government, 8vo., 1776. — fEdington, 2 vols. Hey (Win., F.R.S.), Observations on Surgery, and Treatise on the Blood, 8vo., 1779. — -(-Tracts and Essays on the Atonement, on the Divinity of Christ, &c— +Life of, by Pearson, 8vo, 1822. HEY (Wm., jun.), Practical Observations on Surgery, 8vo., 1814. — Treatise on the Pueiperal Fever, 8vo. , Leeds, 1815. +HICK (Samuel), Life of, by James Everett ; new edition, 1863. tHXLL (Rev. Dr. Jos.) Edition of Schrevelius' Greek Lexicon. — The Zealander's Choice.— Dissertation Concerning the Antiquity of Temples. HiRD (Dr.), Tribute to the Memory of Dr. Fothergill, 4to., 1781. *Hole (James), Essay on the History and Management of Literary, Scientific, and Mechanics' Institutions, 8vo. , 1853. — Light, more Light : a Prize Essay. Holmes (Rev. Dr. Jos. ), Duty of a Christian State to Support a Church, in Five Serrnons, Svo., Leeds, 1834. *H00K (Rev. Dr. W. F.), Church Dictionary, 12mo., 1842.— Ecclesiastical Biography, 8 vols., 12mo., 1845. — Five Sermons before the University of Oxford, 8vo., 1837.— Last Days of our Lord's Ministry, 8vo., 1832.— On the Duty of English Churchmen and the Progress of the Church in Leeds, 8vo., 1857.— On the Means of Rendering more Efficient the Edu- cation of the People, 8vo., 1846.— Sermons Suggested by the Miracles, 2 vols., 12mo., Leeds, 1847. — Sermons on Various Subjects, Svo., 1841. — The Three Reformations, Lutheran, Roman, Anglican, 8vo., t 1847. — Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury. WRITTEN OR PUBLISHED BY LEEDS MEN. 21 f Holmes (Rev. John B.), History of the Moravian Church.— Historical Sketches of the Brethren's Missions. Hopktnson (John), MS. Collection of Genealogies, &c. Hunter (Adam, M.D.), Essay on Two Mineral Springs at Harrogate, and the Springs of Thorp- Arch and Ilkley, 8vo., 1819. Hutton (Rev. Jos.), Sermon on Acts x. 34-5, 8vo., Leeds, 1819. Jackson (Rev. Miles), Sermons on the Truths of Revelation, and the Character, Comfort, and Prospects of Christians, 2 vols., post 8vo. 1825. Jekyis (Rev. Thos.), Address at the Burial of J. Dawson, Esq., 8vo., 181,}. —The Christian Name, a Discourse, 8vo., Leeds, 1809.— A Fast-Day Sermon preached at Mill Hill Chapel, Svo., 1810.— Sermon on the Death of the Princess Charlotte, 8vo., 1817.— Sermon on the Death of the Rev. T Disney, 8vo., 1817.— Sermon on the Death of the Rev. J. Simpson, 8vo., 1783.— The Virtuous Claims of Humanity, 8vo., 1809.— Sermons, 8vo., 1811; ditto, Leeds, 1810. Kjllingbeck (Rev. John, D.D.), Eighteen Sermons on Practical Subjects, 8vo., 1717; second edition, 1730. *Leatham (Edw. Aldam, M.P.), Charmione, a Tale of the Great Athenian Revolution, 2 vols., post 8vo., 1858; cheap edition, Leeds, 1864. *Leatham (Wra. Henry), Poems, 12mo., Wakefield, 1845. * Leather (J. "W.), Letter on Professor Hof man's Chemical Examination of the Waters of the Rivers Wharf e, Washbourne, and Skirfare, 8vo., 1854. Leeds. —Acts of Parliament relating to, 1755-1822, with Corporation and Soke Charters, 8vo., Leeds, 1822.— Acts of Parliament relating to (Improvement Acts, &c), Leeds, 1851.— Charities of, in Reports on Public Charities, vols. xv. and xvi.— Directory of (White's, &c), General and Commercial, from 1817 to 1864, Leeds, 1864.— *Guide to, and its "Vicinity (Fenteman's), 8vo., Leeds, 1858.— Histories of, vide Baines, Parsons, Thoreshy, Wardell, and Whitaker. — Ordnance Survey of, bound in 1 vol., folio.— *Plan of the Town and Environs, by Fowler, one sheet on rollers, 1844. — *Martin and Fox's Map of the Country Ten Miles round Leeds, sheet on rollers, Leeds, 1849. —White's Plan of, on sheet, 1857.— Masser's Plan of, 1864, &c. -Poll-Books of, 1832-57, 3 vols., 12mo., Leeds, 1832-57.— Registers of Parliamentary Electors, 1832-40, 2 vols., 8vo., Leeds, 1832-10. — *Worthies (Taylor's) Biographical Sketches of, crown 8vo., Leeds, 1865.— Intelligencer, from 1819, folio, Leeds, 1864. — Library, Catalogues and Reports of, 1768-1864.— Mercwry, from 1802, f )lio, Leeds, 1864.— Philosophical and Literary Society, Reports of, from 1822, 8vo., Leeds, 1864. - Zoological and Botanical Society, Rules of, 8vo., 1838. Lixdsey (Rev. Theophilus), Apology on Resigning the Vicarage of Catterick, in Yorkshire, 8vo., 1774.— Sequel to his Apology, Svo., 1776.— Farewell Address to the Parishioners of Catterick, 8vo., 1776. — Conversations on the Divine Government, 8vo., 1802.— +Vinchcise Priestleianse, &c. LlSTEB (Joseph, of Bradford), Autobiography, with Contemporary Account of the Defence of Bradford and Capture of Leeds, Svo., 1842. tLondesborough (Lord), Wanderings in Search of Health (in Greece and Italy), 1849. *Longley (C. T., Bp. of Ripon), Letter to the Parishioners of S. Saviour's, Leeds, 8vo., 18.11. Luccock (John), Nature and Properties of Wool, with Description of the English Fleece, 12mo., Leeds, 1805. — Notes on Rio Janeiro, and the Southern Parte of Brazil in 1808-18, 4to., 1820. * MA JOB (Joshua), Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, 4to., 1852. M m DE (Thomas), Verbeia, or Wharf edale, a Poem, -with Historical Remarks, SToi l.. L782. Wensleydale, or Rural Contemplations, a Poem, 8vo., Ricl »nd, L816. *tMAYH.\i.r. (.John;, Annals of Leeds and Yorkshire, 8vo., 1862. 22 SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL BOOKS MlLNER (Rev. Dr. Isaac), Sermons, 2 vols., 8vo., 1820.— Essay on Huma» Liberty, post 8vo., 1824,— Life and Correspondence, of, by his Niece Svo 1842. ' '* MlLNER (Re» j ohn)) gee wiiitaker's Thorcshy. MlLNER (Rev. Joseph), Gibbon's Account of Christianity Considered, 8vo., 1781. — fSome Remarkable Passages in the Life of William Howard. — tEssays on the Influence of the Holy Spirit. — tTracts and Essays, Theological and Historical. — "(-Practical Sermons, edited by Rev. James Fawcett, of Leeds, 1841. — tComplete Works, by Dean Milner, 8 vols., 1810. — History of the Church of Christ, with Additions by Dr. Isaac Milner, 4 vols., 8vo., 1834. — Practical Sermons, with Account of his Life and Character, by Dean Milner, 3 vols., 8vo., 1821. —Practical Sermons, edited by Bickersteth, 8vo., 1830. Montgomery (James), Poetical Works, collected by himself, Svo., 1850. — Chimney-Sweeper's Friend and Climbing Boy's Album, 12mo., 1824. — Lectures on Poetry and General Literature, 8vo., 1833. — Poet's Portfolio, or Minor Poems, 12mo., 1835. — Prose, by a Poet, 2 vols., 12mo., 1824. — Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by Holland and Everett, 7 vols., 8vo., 1855. fMoRGAN (Rev. Dr. Thomas), Collection of Hymns for Public Worship, &c, tNALSON (Rev. Dr. John), An Impartial Collection of the Great Affairs of State.— History of the Holy War, folio, 1686. +NICHOLS (James), Calvinism and Arminianism Compared in their principles and tendency. — +The Works of James Arminius, D.D., &c. — New Editions of the Works of Fuller, Thomson, Young, Cassar, Virgil, &c, &c. Nicholson (John), Airedale in Ancient Times, Elwood and Elvina, and other Poems, post 8vo., 1825. — fThe Lyre of Ebor, and other Poems, 1827, &c. Nicol (Robert), Poems, with Memoirs, 12mo., 1842. Nunns (Rev. Thomas), Letter on the Condition of the Working Classes iu Birmingham, 8vo., 1842. — Sermons, chiefly Practical, edited by the Rev. Dr. Hook, 12mo., 1856. *Osburn (William), Account of an Egyptian Mummy in the Museum of the Leeds Philosophical Society, 8vo., Leeds, 1828. — Ancient Egypt, her Testimony to the Truth of the Bible, 8vo., 1846. — Doctrinal Errors of the Apostolical and Early Fathers, 8vo., 1835. — Israel in Egypt, or the Books of Genesis and Exodus illustrated by existing Monuments, 12mo., 1854. — Monumental History of Egypt, 2 vols., 8vo., 1854. — The Religions of the World, 12mo., 1857. Parson (W.), and White (W.), Annals, History, and Guide of Leeds and York, vol. 1, 12mo., Leeds, 1830. Parsons (Edward), Civil, Ecclesiastical, Literary, Commercial, and Mis- cellaneous History of Leeds, Halifax, Hudderstield, &c, 2 vols., Svo.,. Leeds, 1834. •j-Plint (Thomas), Crime iu England: its Relation, Character, and Extent, from 1801 to 1848, Leeds, 1851. — t Voluntaryism in England: or, the Census of 1851. Pollen (Rev. J. H), Narrative of Five Years at S. Saviour's, Leeds, 12mo., Oxford, 1851. *Poole (Rev. G. A. ), Appropriate Characters of Church Architecture, 12mo. , Leeds, 1842. — Architectural Notices of Churches in Northamptonshire, royal 8vo., 1849. — History of England, from the Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of Queen Victoria, 2 vols., 12mo., 1844. — History of Ecclesiastical Architecture in England, 8vo., 1848. — tThe Life and Times of St. Cyprian. — Sermons on the Apostles' Creed. — Twelve Practical Sermons on the Holy Communion, &c. POOLE and Hugall (J. W. ), Historical and Descriptive Guide to York Cathedral and its Antiquities, imp. 8vo., York, 1850. WRITTEN OR PUBLISHED BY LEEDS MEN. 2o PRIESTLEY (Rev. Dr. Joseph), Theological and Miscellaneous Works, edited by Rutt, 25 vols., 8vo., 1826. — Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air, 3 vols., Svo., 1790. — Experiments and Observa- tions relating to Natural Philosophy, 3 vols., 8vo., 1779. — Heads of Lec- tures on Experimental Philosophy, 8vo., 1794. — History and Present State of Electricity, 4to., 1769 ; third edition, 1775. — History of the Dis- coveries relating to Vision, Light, and Colours, 4to., 1772. — Memoir of, written by himself, and continued by his Son, 8vo., 1806. — Familiar Epistles to the Rev. Dr. Priestley, Svo. , 1771. tReade (T. S. B.), Christian Retirement. — "("Christian Experience, kc. +RHODES (William B. ), Epigrams, in two books, 1803. — t Eccentric Tales, in Verse (by Cornelius Crambo), 1808. — fBurlesque Tragic Opera, Bombastes Furioso, 1822. *Ro\vell (Rev. F. T. ), Leeds: a Poem on occasion of her Majesty's Visit, 8vo., Leeds, 1858. TRyley (John), Leeds Correspondent; a Literary, Mathematical, and Philo- sophical Miscellanv, 2 vols. , 1815. — History of Leeds, and the neighbouring Villages, 1808. Sadler (M. T.), First Letter to a Reformer in reply to Fawkes's Manual. 8vo., 1S17. — Ireland, its Evils and their Remedies, 8vo., 1828. — Law of Popidation, 2 vols., 8vo., 1830. — Refutation of the Edinburgh Review on his Law of Population, 8vo., 1830. — Memoir of his Life and Writings, 8vo., 1842. -(-Saxton (Christopher), Maps of England, Wales, and Scotland, 1579. tScales (Rev. Thos. ). Principles of Dissent, 1830. Scatcherd (Norrison, F.S.A.), History of Morley, &c, 8vo., Leeds, 1830.— Dissertation on Ancient Bridges and Bridge Chapels, 8vo., 1828. — Memoirs of Eugene Aram, &c. Schroeder (Henry), Butterworth's Minor's Life. — Annals of Yorkshire, &c, 2 vols., 8vo., Leeds, 1855. Scott (Rev. Dr. Jas. ), Fast-Day Sermon, preached at York February 21st, 1781, 4to., York, 1781. — Fast-Day Sermon, 4to., 1793. — Greatness no Pledge of Happiness : a Sermon, 4to., 1809. — Sermons on Interesting Subjects, 8vo., 1816. — fEssays, Letters, &c. sheepshanks (Rev. J.), Visitation Sermon at Leeds, 8vo., Leeds, 1804. Smeaton (John, F.R.S. ), Desci-iption of the Eddystone Lighthouse, folio, 1791. — Historical Report on Ramsgate Harbour, 8vo., 1791. — Reports and Miscellaneous Papers, 4 vols., 4to., 1812. * Smith (Henry Stooks), Alphabetical List of the Officers of the 4th Dragoon Guards, 8vo., 1856; 11th Hussars, 8vo., 1850; Grenadier Guards, 8vo., 1854.— 43rd Monmouthshire Light Infantry, 1851 ; 79th Cameron High- landers, 8vo., 1852; 85th Foot, 8vo., 1851; Rifle Brigade, 8vo., 1851; Yorkshire Hussars, 8vo., 1853. — Military Obituary for 1853-4-5-6, 8vo., 1853-56. — Parliaments of England from Geo. I. to the Present Time, 3 vols., 12mo., 1844-50. — Parliamentary Representation of Yorkshire, 8vo., 1854. — Register of Parliamentary Contested Elections, 12mo., 1841; 2nd edition, 12mo., 1842. jTalbot (Matthew), Analysis of the Holy Bible, 4to., 1800; Xew Edition by Dr. Eadie. * Taylor (Rev. R. V.), Biographia Leodiensis; or, Biographical Sketches of the Worthies of Leeds, &c, crown 8vo., 1865. *TEALE (Rev. W. H.), Seven Sermons preached at the Consecration and Re- opening of the Leeds Parish Church, edited by, post 8vo., 1842. — Lives or English Laymen, 12mo., 1842. — Lives of English Divines, 12mo., 1844. Thackrah (C. T.), Inquiry into the Nature and Properties of the Blood, in Health and Disease, 8vo., 1819 ; fNew Edition by Dr. Wright, with Memoir, 1833. — Introductory Discourse to the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, 4to., Leeds, 1821.— Lectures on Digestion and Diet, royal 8vo., 1824.— Effects of Arts, Trades, and Professions ..n Health and Longevity, 1831. 24 BOOKS PUBLISHED BY LEEDS MEN. ThOKESBY (Ralph, F.R.S.), Ducatus Leodiensis; or, Topography of Leeds, large paper, folio, 1715. (The copy in the Leeds Library, presented by Mr. Charles Barnard, has numerous MS. notes by Mr. Thos. Wilson, F.S. A., and Mr. Lucas.) — Vicaria Leodiensis; or, History of the Church of Leeds, 12mo., 1724. — Ducatus Leodiensis, edited, with Additions, by Dr. Whitaker, folio, Leeds, 1816.— Diary, from 1677 to 1724, edited by the Rev. J. Hunter, 2 vols., 8vo., 1830.— Letters of Eminent Men addressed to, 2 vols., 8vo., 1832. Thoep (Dr. R. W. D. ), Observations on the Prevention of Contagious Fever, 8vo., Leeds, 1802. * Victoria (Queen), Visit of, to Leeds, September 7th, 1858, 8vo., Leeds, 1858. T WALKER (Rev. Geo.), Select Specimens of English Poetry, and Select Specimens of English Prose, from the Reign of Elizabeth to the Present Time, with Introductions, 1827. — Elements of Arithmetic, 3rd edition, Leeds, 1827. — A Copious Latin Grammar, translated from the German, 2 vols. Walker (Joshua, M.D.), Essay on the Waters of Harrogate and Thorp- Arch, 8vo., 1784. * Wardell (James), Municipal History of Leeds, imp. 8vo., 1846. — Antiquities of Leeds described and illustrated, 8vo., 1853. Watts (Alaric A.), Poetical Sketches, 12mo., 1823. — Poetical Album and Register of Modern Fugitive Poetry, 8vo., 1825. — Scenes of Life and Shades of Character, 2 vols., post 8vo., 1831. — Literary Souvenir; or, Cabinet of Poetry and Romance, edited by, from 1825 to 1837, 12 vols., 12mo. and 8vo., 1837.— Lyrics of the Heart, 8vo., 1851. *+WHEATER ( Wm. ), History of Sherburn and Cawood. In the Press. Whitaker (Rev. Dr. T. D.), Fast-Day Sermon on Religion and Loyalty, preached at Leeds, 4to., Leeds, 1794. — Sermon on the Fast-Day, February 25th, 1795, 8vo., Leeds, 1795. — Sermons for the Benefit of the Leeds Infirmary, 8vo. , Leeds, 1796. — History of Whalley and Honour of Clitheroe, in the counties of Lancaster and York, 2 vols., 4to., 1801 ; 3rd edition, 1818. — History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven, 2nd edition, 4to., 1812. — Thoresby's History of Leeds, with Additions, folio, Leeds, 1816. — Loidis and Elmete; or, a History of the Lower Portions of Airedale, Wharfedale, and the Vale of Calder, folio, Leeds, 1816. — History of Richmondshire, in the North-Riding, 2 vols. , folio, 1823. Whitelet (Rev. Joseph), Essay on Revelation, 4to., Leeds, 1787. — Essay on the Holy Spirit, 4to., Leeds, 1787. — Necessity of a Redeemer, 8vo., 1783. — Essays on the Rewards of Eternity, 4to., Leeds. — Norrisian Prize Essay on Duty, 4to., Leeds, 1788. — Sermon preached at Harewood, Oct., 1794, 4to., Leeds, 1794. Wilson (Thomas, F.S. A.), Valuable Collection of Manuscripts on the Leeds Charities ; Pedigrees of the West-Riding and Lancashire Gentry, presented by his son, Mr. Jos. Wilson, to the Leeds Library. Wood (Rev. Wm., F.L.S.), Sermons on Social Life, 12mo., 1775.— Two Sermons on the Hundredth Anniversary of the Revolution, 8vo., Leeds, 1788. — tRev. N. Cappe's Funeral Sermon, with Memoir, Dec. 31, 1800. — Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by Wellbeloved, 8vo., 1809. Wool, Plain Reasons against the Exportation of, 8vo., Leeds, 1782. Yorkshire, Churches of, 2 vols, in 1, royal 8vo. , Leeds, 1854. ,, Costumes of, by George Walker, Esq. ,, Election of 1826, Speeches of the Candidates at, 8vo., Leeds. ,, Election of 1826, Historical Account of, 8vo., Leeds, 1826. „ Poll Books, West-Riding, August, 1837, 8vo., Leeds, 1838. „ „ ,, Dec, 1848, by T. Plint, 8vo., Leeds, 1849. Note. — The above list has been much curtailed for want of space. All the works by the Eevs. Dr. Brewer, E. R. Conder, T. Davis, T. Hincks, S. Kettlewell, A. Martineau, E. Monro, G. Thomas, &c. : and also by Messrs. R. Baker, Dr. Braithwaite, J. I. Ikin, Dr. Mayne, T. Nunneley, S. E. Smith, Wm. Smith, jun., T. P. Teale; F.B.S., George Wilson, . William Calverley 1693. Thomas Dixon, 2nd L694 Marmaduke Hicke, 4th L695. Henry Iveson L696. John Dodgson L697. William Milner L698. Caleb Askwith 1699. John Rontree 1687. Henry Stanhope 1688. Thomas Kitchingman Restored, by William and Mary, 1689. 1700. Thomas Lasonby 1701. John" Gibson 1702. James Kitchingman 1703. Samuel Hey 1704. Edmund Darker 1705. Thomas Kitchingman, 2nd 1706. Jeremiah Barstow 1707. Rowland Mitchell 1708. Rowland Mitchell, 2nd 1709. Henry Iveson, 2nd 1710. John Dodgson, 2nd 30 MAYORS DF LE] 1711. John Atkinson 1769. 1712. William Cookson 1770. 1713. William Rooke 1771. 1714. Solomon Pollard 1772. 1715. Croft Preston 1773. 1716. Edward Ibbetson 1774. 1717. Thomas Pease 1775. 1718. Benjamin Wade 1776. 1719. Scudamore Lazenby 1777. 1720. Thomas Brearey 1778. 1721. Robert Denison 1779. 1722. James Kitchingman, 2nd 1780. 1723. Edmund Barker 1781. 1724. Jeremiah Barstow, 2ud 1782. 1725. William Cookson, 2nd 1783. 1726. Thomas Sawer 1784. 1727. Solomon Pollard, 2nd 1785. 172S. Edward Iveson 1786. 1729. John Blayds 1730. George Dover 1787. 1731. Edward Kenion 1788. 1732. John Douglas 1789. 1733. William Fenton 1790. 1734. Henry Scott 1791. 1735. Thomas Micklethwait 1792. 1736. John Brook 1793. 1737. Robert Denison, 2nd 1794. 1738. William Cookson, 3rd 1795. 1739. Henry Atkinson 1740. Thomas Sawer, 2nd 1790. 1741. John Snowden 1797. 1742. John Watts 1798. 1743. Robert Smithson 1799. 1744. Richard Horncastle 1800. 1745. Timothy Smith 1801. 1746. Edward Kenion, 2nd 1802. 1747. William Fenton, 2nd 1803. 1748. Henry Scott, 2nd 1804. 1749. Edward Gray 1805. 1750. John Firth 1800. 1751. Henry Hall 1807. 1752. Thomas Micklethwait, 2nd 1808. 1753. Sir Henry Ibbetson, Bart. 1809. 1754. (William Denison) John Brook, 1810. 2nd 1811. 1755. (William Denison) Robert Deni- 1812. son, 3rd 1813. 1756. Thomas Denison 1814. 1757. (William Denison) WalterWade 1815. 1758. William Denison 1816. 1759. Edmund Lodge 1817. 1760. Thomas Medhurst 1818. 1761. John Blayds 1819. 1762. William Wilson 1820. 1763. Samuel Harper 1821. 1764. Samuel Davenport 1822. 1765. Joshua Dixon 1823. 1766. James Kenion 1824. 1767. Luke Sechwell 1825. 1768. Edward Gray, 2nd 1826. . William Hutchinson . William Dawson , Edmund Lodge, 2nd . John Calverley Thomas Medhurst, 2nd John Blayds, 2nd John Beckett John Wormald Joseph Fountaine Gamaliel Lloyd John Micklethwait Thomas Rea Cole William Smithson Arthur Ikin. William Cookson Jeremiah Dixon John Calverley John Markland (afterwards Entwisle) William Hey, F.R.S. Edward Sanderson Edward Markland John Plowes Wade Browne Richard Ramsden Bramley Alexander Turner John Blayds, 3rd Whittel Sheepshanks (after- wards York) Henry Hall John Beckett, 2nd John Calverley, 2nd Benjamin Gott John Brooke WUliam Cookson, 2nd William Hey, F.R.S., 2nd Thomas Ikin AYade Browne, 2nd John Wilson R. R. Bramley. 2nd Edward Markland, 2nd Thomas Tennant Richard Pullan Alexander Turner, 2nd Charles Brown Henry Hall, 2nd William Greenwood John Brooke, 2nd Whittel York, 2nd William Prest John Hill George Banks Christopher Beckett AYilliam Hey, jun. Lepton Dobson Benjamin Sadler Thomas Tennant, 2nd Charles Brown, 2nd Henry Hall, 3rd Thomas Beckett BOROUGH TREASURERS, ETC., OP LEEDS. 31 1827. Thomas Blayds 1828. Ralph Markland 1829. Christopher Beckett, 2nd 1830. R. W. Disney Thorp, M.D. 1831. William Hey, 2nd 1832. Thomas Tennant, 3rd 1833. Benjamin Sadler, 2nd 1834. Griffith Wright Mayors since Municipal Corporations Act, 1835. 1835. Griffith Wright, 2nd 1850. Joseph Bateson 1836. George Goodman 1851. George Goodman, 3rd 1837. James Williamson, M.D. 1852. Sir George Goodman, 4th 1838. Thomas William Tottie 1853. John Hope Shaw, 2nd 1839. James Holdforth 1854. John Wilson 1840. William Smith 1855. Joseph Richardson 1841. William Smith, 2nd 1856. Thomas Willington George 1842. William Pawson 1857. John Botterill 1843. Henry Cowper Marshall 1858. Peter Fairbaim 1844. Hamer Stansfeld 1859. Sir Peter Fairbaim 1845. Damton Lupton 1860. William Kelsall 1846. John Darnton Luccock 1861. James Eitson 1847. Charles Gascoigne Maclea, ami 1862. James Eitson, 2nd George Goodman, 2nd 1863. Joseph Ogdin March 1848. Francis Carbutt 1864. Obadiah Nussey 1849. John Hope Shaw 1865. John Darnton Luccock, 2nd CORO NEES. 1680. Samuel Brogden 1790. John Atkinson 1718. Thomas Simpson 1824. Robert Barr 1727. Edward Brogden 1835. John Lofthouse 17m Morgan Lowry 1836. John Blackburn, Esq. 1755. James Newport TOWN CLEEKS. 1626. Francis Bellhouse 1753. Thomas Atkinson 1661. George Bannister 1765. Thomas Barstow, jun. 1662. Samuel Brogden 1792. Lucas Nicholson 1684. Castilion Morris 1812. James Nicholson John Jackson 1836. Edwin Eddison 1702. Henry Adam 1843. John Arthur Ikin 1725. John Lazenby 1860. John Edward Smith, Esq. BOROUGH T EEASUEERS. 1676. Samuel Sykes 1718. George Dover 1684. William Sawer 1730. John Wilkinson 1685. Henry Stanhope 1736. Henry Hall Christopher Pawson 1751. Samuel Howgate 1687. Henry Stanhope 1761. John Micklethwait Joshua Ibbetson 1 7S5. Edward Sanderson 1688. Thomas Hardwicke 1795. Edward Markland 1689. John Dodgson 1811. Christopher Beckett 1096. William Cottam Mr. Gawthorp 1701. Joshua Pickersgill 1836. John Smith 1705. William Cookson, jun. 1855. William Whitehead 1706. Jeremiah Dixon 1858. W. E. Hepper, Esq. 1709. John Douglas CLERES OF THE PEACE. 1831. James Richardson 1862. J.W. Hamilton Richardson, Esq. CLERK TO THE MAGISTEATES. 1836. Robert Barr, Esq. 32 MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, ETC., FOR LEEDS. BOROUGH SURVEYORS. 1846. Charles Tinley, C.E. 1859. Edward Filliter, C.E. PRESENT JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. J. R. W. Atkinson, Esq. Joseph Bateson, Esq. Sir Thomas Beckett, Bart. Thomas Benyon, Esq. John Botterill, Esq. Richard Bramley, Esq. John Burton, Esq. Francis Carbutt, Esq. Charles Chadwick, Esq., M.D. Henry Chorley, Esq. Joseph Cliff, Esq. John Cooper, Esq. John Crofts, Esq. John Ellershaw, jun., Esq. "William Firth, Esq. Thomas Willington George, Esq. Edward Grace, Esq. S. B. Hargreave, Esq. Richard Harrison, Esq. John Heaton, Esq. Robert Hudson, Esq. Edward Irwin, Esq. William Kelsall, Esq. James Kitson, Esq. John Darnton Luccock, Esq. (Mayor) Darnton Lupton, Esq. Joseph Ogdin March, Esq. Henry Cowper Marshall, Esq. John Marshall, Esq. Edmund Maude, Esq. Obadiah Nussey, Esq. Hamer Stansfeld, Esq. Thomas Pridgin Teale, _ Joseph Mason Tennant, Esq'. Thomas Tennant, Esq. John Wilson, Esq. Esq., F.R.S. MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE BOROUGH OF LEEDS. 1644. -Adam Baynes, Esq., of Knostrop, near Leeds 1832, Dec— John Marshall, jun., Esq. (Whig) .... Thomas Babington Macaulay, Esq. (Whig) Michael Thomas Sadler, Esq. (Tory) . 1834, Feb.— Edward Baines, Esq. (Whig, vice Macaulay, India) Sir John Beckett, Bart. (Tory) .... 1835, Jan.— Right Hon. Sir John Beckett, Bart. (Tory) Edward Baines, Esq. (Whig) .... William Brougham, Esq. ( Wliig) . 1837, July— Edward Baines, Esq. (Whig). *...'. Sir William Molesworth, Bart. (Radical) Sir John Beckett, Bart. (Tory) . 1841, July— William Beckett, Esq. (Tory) .... William Aldam, jun., Esq. (Whig) Joseph Hume, Esq. (Whig) .... Lord Jocelyn (Tory) 1847, July — William Beckett, Esq. (Conservative) James Garth Marshall, Esq. (Liberal) Joseph Sturge, Esc/. (Liberal) .... 1852, July — Sir George Goodman, Knt. (Liberal) . Right Hon. M. T. Baines, Esq. (Liberal) . Robert Hall, Esq. (Conservative) .... Thomas Sidney, Esq. (Conservative) 1857,March-Right Hon. M. T. Baines, Esq. (Liberal) Robert Hall, Esq. (Conservative) John Remington Mills, Esq. (Liberal) . 1857, June— George Skirrow Beecroft, Esq. (Conservative, Robert Hall, Esq., deceased) .... John Remington Mills, Esq. (Liberal) (6,204 registered, 4,134 voted) 1859, April — Edward Baines, jun., Esq. (Liberal) George S. Beecroft, Esq. (Conservative) . William Edward Forster, Esq. (Liberal) vice. 2,012 1,984 1,596 1,951 1,917 1,941 1,803 1,665 2,028 1,880 1,759 2,076 2,043 2,033 1,926 2,529 2,172 1,978 2,344 2,311 1,132 1,089 2,329 2,237 2,143 2,070 2,064 2,343 2,302 2,280 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES WORTHIES OF LEEDS AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. INTRODUCTION; OX THE STUDY OF BIOGRAPHY, ETC.* Biography is a species of history which records the lives and characters of rernai'kable persons. This is at once the most entertaining and instructive kind of history. History itself is chiefly made up of biographies; a biography, therefore, may be said to be " history in miniature." It is a repository of the actions and fortunes of great men, which admits of all the painting and passion of romance; but with this capital differ- ence, that our passions are more keenly interested, because the characters and incidents are not only agreeable to nature, but strictly true. Xo books are so fit to be put into the hands of young people. According to Archbishop Whately, " Biography is allowed on all hands to be one of the most attractive and profitable kinds of reading." Biographia, or the history of particular men's lives, is in dignity inferior to history and annals, yet in pleasure and instruction it equals, or even excels, both of them. It is not only commended by ancient practice to celebrate the memory of great and worthy men, as the best thanks which posterity can pay them, but also the examples of virtue are of more vigour, when they are thus contracted into individuals. As the sun- beams, united in a burning-glass to a point, have greater force than when they are darted from a plain superficies, so the virtues and actions of one man, drawn together into a single story, strike upon our minds a stronger and more lively impres- * Compiled from various sources. C 34 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXSIS. sion than the scattered relations of many men and many actions; and by the same means that they give us pleasure, they afford us profit too. For when the understanding is intent and fixed on a single thing, it carries closer to the mark; every part of the object sinks into it, and the soul receives it unmixed and whole. There is nothing of the tyrant in example, but it gently glides into us, is easy and pleasant in its passage, and, in one word, reduces into practice our speculative notions; therefore, the more powerful examples are, they are the more useful also, and by being more known they are more powerful (Dryden). Alexander Pope says: — " The proper study of mankind is man;" and from the author of Sartor Resartus we learn that "the great minister, Von Goethe, has penetratingly remarked that ' man is properly the only object that interests man;' thus I too have noted that our whole conversation is little or nothing else but biography or auto-biography; ever humano-anecdotical. Biography is by nature the most universally profitable, universally pleasant, of all things; especially biography of distinguished individuals." And in his Lectures on Heroes he states that " universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the history of the great men who have worked here. They were the leaders of men, these great ones; the modellers, patterns, and in a wide sense creators, of whatsoever the general mass of men contrived to do or to attain; all things that we see standing accomplished in the world are properly the outer material result, the practical realization and embodi- ment of thoughts that dwelt in the great men sent into the world: the soul of the whole world's history, it may justly be considered, were the history of these. Too clearly it is a topic we shall do no sufficient justice to in this place ! One comfort is, that great men, taken up in any way, are profitable company. We cannot look, however imperfectly, upon a great man, without gaining something by him. He is the living light-fountain, which it is good and pleasant to be near, — the light which enlightens, which has enlightened the darkness of the world; and this not as a kindled lamp only, but rather as a natural luminary shining by the gift of Heaven; a flowing light-fountain of native, original insight, of manhood and heroic nobleness ; in whose radiance all souls feel that it is well with them. On any terms whatsoever, you will not grudge to wander in such neighbourhood for a while. The histoiy of the world is indeed the biography of great men. And what is notable, in no time whatever can they entirely eradicate out of INTRODUCTION. 35 living men's hearts a certain altogether peculiar reverence for great men, genuine admiration, loyalty, adoration, however dim and perverted it may be. Hero-worship endures for ever while man endures. In all times and places, the hero has been wor- shipped. It will ever be so. We all love great men; love, venerate, and bow down submissive before great men : nay, can we honestly bow down to anything else? Ah! does not every true man feel that he is himself made higher by doing reverence to what is really ab"ove him! No nobler or more blessed feeling dwells in man's heart." " These men are Fortune's jewels, moulded bright; Brought forth with their own fire and light." — CoWLET. The subjects of biography are the lives either of public or private persons; for many useful observations in the conduct of human life may be made from just accounts of those who have been eminent and beneficial to the world in either station. Nay, the lives of vicious persons are not without their use, as warnings to others, by observing the fatal consequences which sooner or later generally follow such practices. But for those who exposed their lives, or otherwise employed their time and labour for the service of their fellow-creatures, it seems but a just debt that their memories should be perpetuated after them, and posterity acquainted with their benefactors. The expectation of this was no small incentive to virtue in the ancient pagan world. And perhaps every one, upon due reflection, will be convinced how natural this passion is to mankind in general. And it was for this reason, probably, that Virgil places not only his heroes, but also the inventors of useful ai'ts and sciences, and other persons of distinguished merit, in the Elysian Fields, where he thus describes them : — " Here patriots live, who, for their country's good, In fighting-fields were prodigal of blood ; Priests of unblemished lives here make abode, And poets worthy their inspiring God ; And searching wits of more mechanic parts, "Who grac'd their age with new-invented arts ; Those who to worth their bounty did extend, And those who knew that bounty to commend : The heads of these with holy fillets bound, And all their temples were with garlands crown' d. " Mmid vi. 660-65. It is a proverb no less truthful than common, that "example is better than precept." The latter is compulsive, the former attractive. There can be no question as to which is more powerful, the statue-like principle or its living impersonation; and here is the advantaye of biography. A few only can be 3G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. benefited by the actual converse and example of the great and good; but this may be in part embalmed. In fact, not only does " the evil that men do live after them, but the good is oft interred with their bones:" their actions, also, while remembered, are all instinct with influences of some sort or another. In the pages that do honour to their memory, mo- tives may often be revealed, and actions viewed in all their consequences; in imagination we hold converse with the dead or absent, mark the tenour of their way, and breathe the spirit of the time; now stimulated to exertion, and now, it may be, restrained from wanton injury and wrong. Human sym- pathies are strong; indeed, there are no mightier agencies in the world than those affections which unite man to man. They have both nurtured and destroyed communities; and individuals tendiug towards each other, or a common centre, they have lured together to ruin or success. Biography has corresponding power for good or ill; the portrait has its magic charm, if the friendly grasp boasts its electric fire. Biography of every description is thus included among the departments subsidiary to history. Indeed, it has been proved by some late brilliant examples — in the case of Macaulay's England, for instance — that the historian who rightly understands his busi- ness can glean nearly as much material suitable for his purpose, from the lives of private persons as from those of princes, statesmen, or generals. This branch of literature opens with auto-biographies, which, when well executed, constitute its most valuable and interesting portion. We have but little to set by the side of the charming " memoires" in innumerable volumes, which form so piquant a portion of the literature of France. In biography, exclusive of auto-biography, we may distinguish — 1. General compilations; 2. National compila- tions; 3. Class biographies; and 4. Personal biographies. Of the first kind, it is to our reproach that until the last few years we have had no specimen deserving of mention. Chalmers was the first to bring out a Biographical Dictionary of any pre- tension, but even in this the omissions are numerous and important. In our own day, two enterprising publishers have done, and are doing, much to supply the deficiency — Mr. Knight, by the Biographical portion of the English Cyclo- paedia, and Mr. Mackenzie, by his Imperial Dictionary of Biography, now in course of publication at Glasgow. Of the second kind, we have the Biograpltia Britannica, a work of great research, though with many and serious omissions. The original edition embraced the entire alphabet; but its defects INTRODUCTION. 37 were so glaring as to determine Dr. Kippis and others to undertake a re-issue of the work upon an enlarged scale; the new edition, however, was never carried further than the commencement of the letter F. Fuller's Worthies of England is a work of the same description. Of class biographies, the chief examples are Walton's Lives of Anglican Divines; Wood's A thence Oxonienses, which is a collection of short Memoirs of all the writers and bishops educated at Oxford from 1500 to 1695: Johnson's Lives of the Poets; Hartley Coleridge's Bio- graphia Borealis, or Lives of Northern Worthies; Lord Camp- bell's Lives of the Chancellors ; and Dr. Hook's Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury. . i'-s Wliitaker's Thoresby, vol. ii., &c. t For a long account of the plague, &c, see Parsons' History of Leeds, i., 09, &c. 100 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. have been broken-hearted by the Bartholomew Act, which he scarcely survived a year. He died January 16th, 1661, aged sixty-seven, and was interred in the chancel of the church which had so long been the scene of his labours. The substance of this short account, chiefly taken from Calamy, had been communicated to that writer by Thoresby himself, in the abundance of his candour, after he had conformed to the Established Church. — For his pedigree and other particulars, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 29; Parsons' History of Leeds, ii., 4, &c. 1598—1663. THE EEV. HEKRY ROBINSON, B.D., Vicar of Leeds from 1632 to 1646, and son of Mr. Alexander Robinson, merchant, of Leeds, by Grace, the sister of the cele- brated Harrison, who founded St. John's church. This his nephew was baptized at St Peter's, the parish church, July 27th, 1598, and, like his immediate predecessors, received his elementary learning at the Grammar School of his native town. He was next admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took in course the two degrees in arts, and afterwards that of Bachelor of Divinity. He next became chaplain to the cele- brated Earl of Southampton, in whose service he continued till the year 1632, when he was elected vicar of Leeds, at the age of thirty-four, and therefore in the vigour of his constitution. He received institution, July 4th, and immediately set about his ministerial work with such zeal and diligence that, at a period when seriousness was suspected, he acquired the name of Puritan, though a strict conformist to the rules and ceremonies of the church. Not only was his conversation blameless and exemplary, but his preaching admirable. In addition to these excellencies, he was in person a constant and conscientious catechist of the young of his flock, for whose use he drew up a work, entitled Catechetical Exercises, which were afterwards printed, with additions, by his son-in-law, the Rev. Mr. Brigg, at Cambridge. When the king, driven from Whitehall by the tumults at Westminster, fixed his court at York, Mr. Robinson waited on his old patron, the Earl of Southampton, who impor- tuned him to preach before the king, which he unwillingly undertook, though the text of the only sermon which he had brought with him had a somewhat uncourtly sound in the midst of preparations for war: "Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord" {Heb. xii. 14). This, however, he managed so dexterously as not THE REV. HENRY ROBINSON, B.D. 101 only to avoid giving offence, but to procure a gracious acknow- ledgment from the kinhed, "While avarice and rapine share the land." The above poem was not, for obvious reasons, found in the editions pub- lished during the reign of Charles II. 108 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEKSIS. charities for the poor at Holheck and Armley, to be charged annually on the King's Mills, in Mill Hill. Holbeck was formerly the seat of the ancient and highly respectable family of the Neviles, of whom some account should be given, because of the prominent part they have acted both in the county of York and the vicinity of Leeds. Descended from Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland, prior to the Conquest, the Neviles have been connected by marriage with some of the most ancient and respectable families in Yorkshire. Sir John de Nevile was twice high-sheriff of the county in the reign of Henry VII. Another Sir John Nevile sustained the same dignified office in the reign of Henry VIII. Sir Robert Nevile was elevated to the same dignity in the thirty-second year of the same reign, and a third Sir John Nevile, in the third year of the reign of Elizabeth. The above Gervas (or Gervause) Nevile, of Beeston (or Holbeck), from being quarter-master-general to the Duke of Newcastle, in 1643, was consequently a distinguished partaker in the principal transactions of the civil war in Yorkshire. His son, Gervase Nevile, Esq., was the first mayor of the borough of Leeds, under the charter of King James II., dated January 1st, 1684. William Nevile, of Holbeck, was also high- sheriff for the county in 1710. Cavendish Nevile, the brother of William, was the last of the male line of this family. The name, however, was revived in the person of John Pate Lister, afterwards Nevile, the son of the female representative of the Neviles. In his favour, restrictions were introduced into the act passed in 1790 for the effectual supply of the town of Leeds with water. Two of his sons, officers in the 3rd regiment of guards, died in the same year, 1799, of their wounds received in the campaign in Holland; another of his sons, a lieutenant in the 2nd regiment of foot, was killed on board Lord Howe's ship in the celebrated naval engagement of June 1st, 1794; his eighth son, a lieutenant in the navy, was slain at Martinique, 1804; and his fourth son, a lieutenant in the guards, died at Badsworth, in 1802. Thus five sons died in the service of their sovereign, during the most dangerous and devastating war which ever was waged upon the surface of the rjlobe — an instance of patriotic devotion to the cause of their country in one family, certainly not to be paralleled in this dis- trict, and seldom equalled in the histoiy of the empire. — For the pedigree and coat of arms of the Neviles, of Holbeck, see Thoresby's Ducatns Leodiensis, p. 184; Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 338, &e. ESQ. 109 -1678. THE EIGHT EEV. JAMES MAEGEEISON, D.D., Archbishop of Armagh (sometimes also called Margetson), was the founder of the Grammar School at Drighlingtou, near Leeds. This benevolent and distinguished ecclesiastic was a native of that village, and when he was exalted to one of the highest and most honourable stations in the church, he remem- bered the necessities of the place which gave him birth, and determined to rear among its population a noble monument of his Christian philanthropy. In 166G he built a school at Drighlingtou, but he did not endow it during his lifetime. By his will, dated May 31st, 1678, in wdiich year he died, he gave all his lands, tenements, and hereditaments in Drighlingtou and New Hall, near Leeds, to his son Robert and the heirs of his body, with remainders to others, to pay from the produce of these lands sixty pounds for ever towards the maintenance of the school. A subsecpient grant by William and Mary, con- tained in letters patent dated January 11th, 1691, determined that Sir John Tempest, Bart., and other persons therein named, should be a body corporate, by the name of " The Governors of the Free School of James Mai-gerison, late Lord Archbishop of Armagh," with perpetual succession, and be able to receive the said yearly sum of £60, and take a conveyance thereof for the benefit of the school, &c. The right of nominating the head- master was granted by the will of the founder to the master and senior fellows of Peter House, in the University of Cambridge. Since the erection of a chapel-of-ease at Drigh- lin^ton, the head-master of the Free Grammar School has usually officiated wdthin its walls, but the duties of the chapel and the school are by no means essentially connected. — For further particulars, see Carlisle's Endowed Grammar Schools; W'hitaker's Loidis and Elmete; Parsons' History of Leeds, kc. 1610—1680. JOHN HOPKINSON, ESQ., The founder of the celebrated collection of MSS., and the son of George Hopkinson, gent., was born at Lofthouse, near Leeds, in the year 1610. Lofthouse has acquired its principal fame from having been the residence of the celebrated John Hopkinson, the antiquary, whose learning and prudence acquired the just respect of the stormy age in which he lived, and whose labours have imposed upon every succeeding topo- 110 BIOGItAPHIA LEODIENSIS. grapher a debt of gratitude and admiration.* This celebrated man "was clerk of the peace for the county of York in the reign of Charles I. He devoted all his leisure time to the collection and transcription of all the curious papers relating to the antiquities of the whole county of York, which fell into his hands; besides compiling with incredible labour the pedi- grees of the nobility and gentry. His compilations and manu- scripts were lately in the possession of Miss Currer. Of John Hopkinson, and his father George, two interesting papers have been preserved, which we regret that our limits will not permit us to present at length to our readers. They are two letters of protection from the rival commanders in Yorkshire during the civil wars, granted with the view of saving the family from the hostile attempts which the straggling parties of the two armies might be disposed to make upon the persons or the properties of the Hopkinsons. The first letter is from the Marcpvis of Newcastle, commanding the royal forces, "to desist from plun- dering, molesting, pillaging, or any way injuring George Hopkinson, his servants, or family." This letter is dated October 1st, 1643. The second letter is from Lord Fairfax, commanding the Parliamentarians " to take especial care that George Hopkinson, of Lofthouse, gent., and John Hopkinson, his son, be not plundered, pillaged, or any way injured in any of their goods by those in the service of the Parliament." This second letter is dated July 20th, 1614. It is pleasing to find two contending parties thus doing homage to virtue and science, and exemplifying some sense of humanity and some deference to literary eminence amidst all the exasperation and horrors of civil war. He died in 1680, aged seventy years. A monu- ment, partly of marble and partly of freestone, with a Latin inscription, fixed to the south wall of the chancel of Rothwell church, near Leeds, preserves the memory of this industrious and worthy man, to whom every topographer and historian of York- shire is under such extensive and permanent obligations. t — ■ Copies of his Genealogies, &c, corrected and enlarged by Thomas * The extent of his labours may be inferred from the following memo- randum, made by one connected with the family, which states that " in. 1815, of the manuscript collections relating to the antiquities of the county of York, forty volumes are preserved in the library of Miss Richardson Currer, of North Bierley, and about the same number in the possession of the late John Henry Smyth, Esq., of Heath, near "Wakefield." — See Lupton's Wakefield Worthies, &c. ■f Mr. James, in the preface to his History and Topography of Bradford, says "that Hopkinson's collections are still the great storehouse for the Yorkshire topographer." THE REV. MARMADUKE COOKE, D.D. Ill Wilson, F.S.A., may now be seen in the Leeds Library, and for a further account of him, see Whitaker's Thoresby; Nichols' Literary Ittustirations ; Parsons' History of Leeds; Thoresby's Diary, p. 110, &c. For his pedigree, 1 to is, ii Non moritur cujus fama vivit" — He dies not whose fame survives. Sec Burke's Landed Gent 144 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. for a series of years, lie acknowledges himself to have been greatly indebted. He was the third son of the Rev. William Bridges, M.A., vicar of Castleford, and Sarah, daughter of Richard Lodge, of Leeds; and he was born in the year 1683. His brother, the Rev. William Bridges, who succeeded his father as rector of Castleford, having built there a very good house for himself and successors, died in 1729. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Francis and Elizabeth Stapleton, formerly of Bradford, in this county. Mr. Bridges had also gathered the most valuable collection of ancient medals which this town or neighbourhood has had to boast since Thoresby's museum. They were recently in the possession of his grandson, Francis Sharp Bridges, Esq., of Little .Horton, near Bradford. He died on the 9th of February, 1735, aged fifty-two years; and there is in the cemetery of St. John's, Leeds, an inscription in Latin to his memory. — For a copy of which, and also for his pedigree and other particulars, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 73; Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, pp. G3, 354, &c. 1646—1736. THE REV. HENRY ROBINSON, M.A., Minister of St. John's, and founder of Trinity church, Leeds, was the son of the Rev. Henry Robinson, B.D., vicar of Leeds, who bore the same Christian and surname. He was bom August 9th, 1646, and was appointed minister of St. John's church, Leeds, on the 25th of November, 1683, which he held for about thirteen years (until 1696). He married Sarah, relict of Wm. Hutchinson, Esq., mayor of Leeds, in 1672. He died July 26th, 1736, aged ninety, about forty years after his resignation. Thoresby, who rejoiced in every good work, just lived to see the plan, and to contribute to the erection of another church in Leeds (Holy Trinity), endowed by Mr. Henry Robinson, the nephew of the magnificent founder of St. John's. For a fine engraving of Trinity church, see Whitaker's Loidis, p. Q5. % The fabric is a correct and beautiful edifice, built with durable moorstone of the Doric order, though the capitals of the columns within are composite. It may be doubted whether the first proposal for erecting Trinity church originated with Mr. Robinson, — who certainly promised to endow * In Thoresby's engraving, prefixed to the Vicaria (1724), there appears only a square tower, and the adoption of the extinguisher, which now appears on the top, was unquestionably one instance among many of private interfer- ence, by which the better judgment of real architects is often overruled, and for which they are unjustly considered as responsible. — Dr. Whitaker. THE REV. HENRY ROBINSON, SI. A. 145 it, when built, -with lands of the annual value of £80, — or with Thomas Layton, Esq., of Rawdon, who, after having engaged to contribute £1,000 to the edifice, incurred no small reproach by failing to perform his undertaking. This defect, however, was supplied by Lady Elizabeth Hastings (a name never to be mentioned without honour), who, on March 21, 1721, entered into an engagement to defray half the expense of the building, provided that such half did not exceed £1,000, and on condition also that Mr. Robinson should endow the church when built, according to his former promise. This sum was soon doubled by subscription, and the site having been purchased for £175, the foundation-stone was laid by Mr. Henry Robinson, August 23rd, 1721. The entire expense of the building was £4,563 9s. Gel, of which £3,731 19s. 6d. was the amount of the subscriptions; and the remainder, namely, £831 10s., was supplied by the sale of the pews. The consecration did not take place before August 21st, 1727, just six years from the laying of the founda- tion-stone, the ceremony being performed by Archbishop Black- burn. On this occasion Lady Elizabeth Hastings was first led with great ceremony into the church, as the principal bene- factress to the building. The only epitaphs which merit atten- tion are those of the venerable founder, whose monument in the church was erected to Ins honour by H. Scott, Esq., nephew to the above-mentioned Mr. Robinson, with a long Latin inscrip- tion, t There is also the following tablet: — "A Schedule of Mr. Robinson's Public Charities: — To the endowment of this Chapel, £2,000. To procure the Bounty of Queen Anne for £200 200 200 200 50 50 50 50 50 40 Binglev vie £100 Wighillvic 100 Giggleswick vie 100 Ossett chap 200 Headingley ch 100 Holmfirth ch 100 Horbury ch 200 Hawnby rect 200 Dronfieldvic 200 Tadcastervic 200 C Impel- Allerton ch 100 " To the Charity Schools of Leeds, during life, £255 ; Rotherham, £100; Kirklmrton, £100 ; left by will to Leeds Charity School, £200; the Society fur Propagating the Gospel, £200. " Go, and do thou lib wise." For additional infonnation, see Thoresby's Vicar ia Leodiensis ; and for his pedigree, ic, Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 96, &c. St. Saviours, York Holbeck ch. (lands Thorparch vie, Bramley ch. Honley ch. . Light cliff e ch. Deanhead ch. Flockton ch. Sandal vie. . Beeston ch. . t In this church there is also a tablet, — "In memory of the Rev. James Scott, A.M. (1700-1782), first minister of this church, to which he was nomi- K 14 G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. 1682—1739. LADY ELIZABETH HASTINGS Was the daughter of Theophilus, seventh Earl of Huntingdon, and Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Sir John Lewis, Bart., of Ledstone, near Leeds; and was born on the 19th of April, 1682. In her childhood she was remarked for a sweetness of countenance, expressing at once dignity and modesty, for an ingenuous temper, an aptness of understanding, a tractable will, and a devout frame of spirit, which early disposed her to an awful sense of holy things. She was sister to George, the eighth Earl of Huntingdon, who carried the sceptre at the coronation of Queen Anne, and who died unmarried, February, 1704. "When she thus became, at the age of twenty- two, the mistress of a large fortune, her character was necessarily more known to the world, and she was observed to be somewhat more than a lady of great beauty and fine accomplishments, of con- descension and good nature, and regular observance of religious duties. In order to increase the stock of wisdom and know- ledge, which she had laid in by her own endeavours, and by assistance from the appointed ministers under whom she lived, she cultivated the friendship of such learned men as Archbishop Sharpe, Mr. Robert Nelson, Dr. Lucas, and others, of which friendships she spoke with joy more than twenty years after the latest of these holy men had left this world. Her residence was at Ledstone House, near Leeds, a fine gray-stone building, of the style of Queen Elizabeth's reign, standing upon a height which looks towards the south, beautiful both within and with- out, where she spent the greater part of her life, diligently employing her time there in friendship for those who lived with her as friends and neighbours, and charity to those who required her assistance. Her beauty and other attractions of person, manners, and accomplishments, were such as without nated in 1727, by the munificent founder, his maternal uncle, Henry Robinson, A.M., great nephew to the illustrious John Harrison. The duties of his sacred function he performed with unwearied propriety, dignity, and solemnity. A living example of the divine religion he taught ; whose excel- lencies, while he illustrated, he was himself one of her brightest ornaments. In private life he was revered for his spotless truth and integrity, and heloved by those who knew him for his cheerful and benevolent disposition ; con- cealing under the exterior of a too severe and rigid virtue the most endearing sweetness and gentleness of manners. Regretted by the wise, and lamented by the good, he died full of years and honour, Feb. 11th, 1782, aged 82." On a marble slab which covers his remains, there is also a short Latin inscription. He married Annabella, daughter of Henry "Wickham, captain in the Royal Navy, and son to the dean of York. He was father to the Rev. James Scott, D.D., who died in 1814. See Whitaker's Loidis, &c. LADY ELIZABETH HASTINGS. 147 her large fortune might easily inspire affection, but she refused the offers of several among the nobility, and chose to continue in a single life; either, it is supposed, that she might make a wise and religious use of her great estate, or accounting that a single life naturally led to higher perfection. In 1721, she gave £1,000 towards building Trinity church, in Leeds; but, that this donation might not hurt the mother church there, she afterwards offered a farm near Leeds, of £23 per annum, and capable of improvement, to be settled on the vicar and his successors, provided the town would do the like; which the corporation readily agreed to, and to her ladyship's benefaction added lands of the yearly value of £24, for the application of which they were to be entirely answerable to her kindred. In the manors of Ledstone, Ledsham, Thorparch, and Coilingham, she erected charity schools; and for the support of them and other charities she gave, in her lifetime, Coilingham, Shadwell, and an estate at Burton Salmon. This excellent lady distin- guished herself by many works of piety and benevolence. She erected schools, built churches, supported many indigent families, and at her death bequeathed considerable sums for charitable and public uses; amongst which were five scholarships in Queen's College, Oxford, for students in divinity, of £28 a year each (now worth between £75 and £90 a year), to be enjoyed for five years, and, as the rents should rise, some of her scholars to be capable, in time, of having £60 per annum, for one or two years after the first term. The Free Grammar School, at Leeds, is entitled to send one poor scholar to be nominated, in common with the following similar establishments, viz. — Wakefield, Bradford, Beverley, Skipton, Sedbergh, Bipon, and Sherburn, in Yorkshire; Appleby and Haversham, in Westmoreland; and St. Bees and Penrith, in Cumberland. When she had entered her fifty-fourth year, she began to suffer from a tumour, pro- duced by a hurt during her youth, which till that time had caused her little or no disturbance, but then increased so dangerously that an eminent surgeon decided upon the necessity of a most painful operation for removing the evil. She died at Ledstone House, near Leeds, in her fifty-eighth year, December 22nd, 1739. She was buried in the family vault, near her grandfather, Sir John Lewis, on the 7th of January. A stately monument in Ledsham church, near Leeds, afterwards aug- mented with the statues of her two amiable sisters, records in elegant Latin the character of this ornament of her sex. Her own figure is placed on a sarcophagus, reclining, and reading a book of devotion; and the countenance, which is a portrait, is 148 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. handsome and spirited. Lady Frances and Lady Ann Hastings are placed on pedestals at the sides, and are represented with the emblems of piety and prudence. (For a copy of which, see Whitaker's Loiclis and Elmete.) This lady is described in the forty-second number of the Tatler, under the name of Aspasia. After speaking of the ladies of that day who were wits, poli- ticians, virtuosoes, free-thinkers, and disputants, and showing how different they were from the women of Shakspeare's time, who were only mothers, sisters, daughters, and wives, the paper goes on : — " But these ancients would be as much astonished to see in the same age so illustrious a pattern to all who love things praiseworthy, as the divine Aspasia. Methinks I now see her walking in her garden like our first parent, with unaffected charms, before beauty had spectators, and bearing celestial con- scious virtue in her aspect. Her countenance is the lively picture of her mind, which is the seat of honour, truth, com- passion, knowledge, and innocence. In the midst of the most ample fortune, and veneration of all that behold and know her, without the least affectation, she consults retirement, the con- templation of her own being, and that Supreme Power which bestowed it. Without the learning of schools, or knowledge of a long course of arguments, she goes on in a steady course of uninterrupted piety and virtue, and adds to the severity and privacy of the last age all the freedom and ease of this. The language and mien of a court she is possessed of in the highest degree; but the simplicity and humble thoughts of a cottage are her more welcome entertainments. Aspasia is a female philo- sopher, who does not only live up to the resignation of the most retired lives of the ancient sages, but also to the schemes and plans which they thought beautiful, though inimitable. This lady is the most exact economist, without appearing busy; the most strictly virtuous, without tasting the praise of it; and shuns applause with as much industry as others do reproach. This character is so particular, that it will very easily be fixed on her only by all that know her; but I dare say she will be the last that finds it out." The above character, from the Tatler, was written in July, 1709, when she was in her twenty-eighth year, and the following, published in Wilford's Memorials, from the notices of her after her death in the public prints, is in as warm a strain of panegyric: — "The splendour she derived from her birth and extraction, though great, strikes but faintly among the numerous and shining qualities of this most excellent lady. Graceful was her person, genteel her mien, polite her manners, agreeable her conversation, strong and piercing her judgment LADY ELIZABETH HASTINGS. 149 and understanding, sacred her regard to friendship, and strict to the last degree her sense of honour; but could all these be painted in the liveliest colours, they would make but the lowest part of her character, and be rather a shade and abatement than add any lustre to it. For, what is infinitely above all, ' she did justice, loved mercy, and walked humbly with her God.' The whole Christian religion was early planted in her heart, which was entirely formed and fashioned by it. She learned it from the Sacred Scriptures, and the faithful depository of ever- lasting truths, the Church of England; whose genuine daughter she was, and bore towards our dearest mother as inviolable devotion as even those whose names shine amongst the martyrs. Her life had chiefly for its direction two great objects — how she might exalt the glory of God, and how demonstrate her own good-will towards men. The first she sought by employing all her power and capacities for his honour and service, and what- ever related to it was ever in motion, and never discontinued, but so far as the weakness of human nature made it necessaxy. Her supplications and prayers, intercessions and giving of thanks, as they were directed towards heaven, so being dis- charged of every weight and incumbrance, and cleansed from every impurity and alloy, they easily ascended thither, and the holy flame was rarely suffered to languish, never to go out. Her benevolence to her fellow-creatures was such as the good angels are blessed with — warm and cherishing, wide and unbounded. Thousands and tens of thousands has she comforted and relieved, many has she enriched and advanced, and the collective mass of mankind daily had her blessings and her prayers. Such was the Lady Elizabeth Hastings, not after the gaiety of youth was over, and the gratifications of it became deadened by much using, but in its early beginning, through all the stages of life, down to its most glorious conclusion. And well may it be called so, for, make what demand you will of every virtue, in its full height and stature, that can be thought of or wished for, to crown a life in everything excellent, and the same might have been seen exemplified in her last long and tedious sickness. Her patience under God's visitation, and her absolute resignation to Lis will; the continual labour and travail of her soul for the enlargement of his kingdom, and the increase of his glory; her heaviness and mourning for the sins of other men ; her un- wearied study and endeavours for their recovery and eternal welfare; her generous and charitable appointments; her tender and affectionate expressions to her relations, her friends, and servants; and her grateful acknowledgments to her physicians, 150 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENS1S. and to those who more immediately attended upon her, would require pages to set them in a proper light. In short it may be affirmed without excess, that scarce any age or country of later times has presented to the world a person that was a greater blessing to many, and a more illustrious pattern to all." She was fond of her pen, and frequently employed herself in writing; but, previously to her death, she destroyed the greater part of her papers. A more full account of her life is given in English Church Women of the Seventeenth Century, and also in an " Historical Character relating to the holy and exemplary life of the Right Honourable the Lady Elizabeth Hastings, with the scholastic codicil to her will, and a schedule of her charities," written by Thomas Barnard, M.A., master of the Free Grammar School, Leeds (from 1712 to 1750), and pub- lished at Leeds, in 1742. — For further particulars, see Gentle- man's Magazine, vols. vi. and x.; Tatler, with notes, vol. i., p. 346; Chalmers' Biographical Dictionary ; Parsons' History of Leeds, &c. 1662-1740. WILLIAM MILNEK, ESQ., Merchant and alderman of Leeds, lord of the manor of Beeston, and justice of the peace for the West-Riding of Yorkshire, died December 23rd, 1740, aged seventy-eight years. He was born November 29th, 1662, being the son of William Milner, merchant, of Leeds, who died in 1691, and the grandson of Richard Milner, alderman of Leeds, who died in 1659. He married Mary, daughter of Joshua Ibbotson, Esq., mayor of Leeds, in 1685, by Mary, daughter of Christopher Bi-earey, Esq., lord mayor of York in 1666. William Milner was also mayor of Leeds in 1697, and a great benefactor to the Leeds Chaiity School, &c. There was formerly in the south transept of the Leeds parish church, a tablet and sarcophagus of marble, inscribed as follows: — "Near this place is interred the body of William Milner, Esq., alderman and merchant of this town, whose eminent knowledge in that business procured him the regard, as his uprightness in the exercise of it did the esteem, of all he dealt with. His private charities were large, frequent, and extensive. His public benefactions were twenty pounds per annum to the poor; ten pounds per annum towards the repairs of Trinity chapel; and twenty pounds per annum, as a stipend for a clergyman to read prayers in St. Peter's church, at seven o'clock in the evening. After a life spent in piety towards God, usefulness to his country, tenderness and affection to his WILLLIAM 3IILNER, ESQ. 151 family, kindness and affability to his friends and acquaintance, and benevolence towards all men, he died universally esteemed, beloved, and lamented, on the twenty-third day of December, 1740, aged seventy-eight years. He married Mary, daughter of Mr. Joshua Ibbotson, merchant, by whom he had issue, Sir "William Milner, Bart.* (who married the daughter of Sir William Dawes, Lord Archbishop of York), Mary, Jane, Elizabeth, Francis, &c." The white marble Statue of Queen Anne,f exe- cuted by Carpenter (which was thought to be equal, if not superior, in point of workmanship, to the one at St. Paul's, in London), was, at the expense of Alderman William Milner, erected in front of the Moot Hall, J which was removed from the centre of Briggate, Leeds, in 1825, since which this beauti- ful statue has occupied a niche in front of the Corn Exchange, at the head of the same street. It has been re-chiselled, and is considered the best marble effigy of Queen Anne extant. There were great rejoicings at Leeds, and a splendid procession and festival in honour of the queen, on the day when her statue was erected, viz., May 12th, 1713. For other particulars, see Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, &c. * I. Sir William was created a baronet in 1717 ; married Elizabeth, daughter of His Grace Sir "William Dawes, Bart., Archbishop of York, by whom he had a son and a daughter. He represented the city of York in parliament, and died in November, 1745. II. Sir William, bom in 1719 ; married in 1747, Elizabeth, youngest daughter and co-heiress of the Rev. George Mordaunt, and niece of Charles, third Earl of Peterboro', by whom he had William Mordaunt, his successor (George, born in 1760, a general officer in the army, who died in 1836; Henry Stephen, born in 1764, in holy orders, D.C.L.), &c. Sir William was for many years receiver of the excise, and died in 1774. III. Sir William Mordaunt, born in 1754 ; married in 1774, Diana, eldest daughter of Humphrey Sturt, Esq., of Dorsetshire. He represented the city of York in three parliaments, and died in September, 1811. IV. Sir William Mordaunt Sturt, born in October, 1779 ; married first in 1803, Selina, only daughter of the Eight Hon. Theophilus Clements, and niece of the first Earl of Leitrim ; secondly, in May, 1809, Harriet Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Edward Charles Cavendish Bentinck (brother to the Duke of Portland), by whom he had the present baronet, &c. He died in March, 1855. V. Sir William Mordaunt Edward, born in June, 1820 ; married in April, 1844, Lady Georgiana Anne, sister of the present Earl of Scarboro', and has issue William Mordaunt, bom in May, 1848, &c. The present baronet is a deputy-lieutenant for the West-Riding, and has sat for York in parliament, &c. See Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, &c. 1" For a large engraving of the Statue of Queen Anne, see Thoresby's Ducalus Leodiensis, 1715, p. 250. t For a fine engraving of the Moot Hall, see Whitaker's Thoreshy, p. 248, •%c. The following inscription, translated from the Latin, in letters of gold 153 BIOGRAPHIA LEOD1ENSIS. 1662-1742. THE REV. RICHARD BENTLEY, D.D. This very extraordinary and celebrated person was born at Oulton, in the parish of Rothwell, about five miles from Leeds, on the 27th of January, 1662. His ancestors were respectable, and long possessed an estate at Heptonstall, in the parish of Halifax. James Bentley, the grandfather of the subject of the present sketch, was a captain in the royalist army in the civil wars, who was involved in the fate of his party; his house was juundered, his estate was confiscated, and he died a prisoner in Pontefract Castle. Thomas Bentley, the son of this martyr to royalty, who owned a small estate at Woodlesford, married in 1661, Sarah, the daughter of Richard "Willis, of Oulton, who had also been an officer in the army of Charles I. ; he being then a widower considerably advanced in life, while she was only eighteen. To this gentleman, who was left his guardian, Richard Bentley was, in part, indebted for his education; and having gone through a day school at Methley, and the Grammar School at Wakefield, with singular reputation, both for his pro- ficiency and his exact and regular behaviour, he was admitted a sizar of St. John's College, Cambridge, under the tuition of Mr. Johnson, on the 24th of May, 1676, being then only four months above fourteen years of age. In 1680 he took his degree of Bachelor of Arts, on which occasion his name ap- peared sixth in the list of mathematical honours. On the 22nd of March, 1681-2, he stood candidate for a fellowship; and would have been unanimously elected, had he not been excluded upon black marble, was subsequently ordered by the Corporation to be placed thereunder, at their expense : — "Makkthis elegant Statue, (Superior even to that of St. Paul's, in London,) PIOUSLY CONSECRATED TO OUR MOST ILLUSTRIOUS QUEEN, ANNE, (Though far surpassing every representation, ) AND ERECTED AT THE SOLE EXPENSE OF Wi. MILNER, KNIGHT, A PRUDENT JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, A FAITHFUL SUBJECT, A NOBLE CITIZEN, AND AN OPULENT MERCHANT." This statue was removed to the Corn Exchange, at the top of Briggate, in 1828, and the following is the inscription now beneath it : — "This Statue of QUEEN ANNE was erected at the cost of alderman milner, in the front of the ancient moot hall, a.d. 1712; was restored at the expense of the corporation, and transferred to this site, a.d. 1828; the Moot Hall having been purchased by the Town, and demolished, a.d. 1825." THE REV. RICHARD BENTLEY, D.D. 153 by the statxites, on account of his being too young for priests' orders. He was then a junior bachelor, and but little more than nineteen years old. It was soon after this that he became a schoolmaster at Spalding. After twelve months he accepted the office of private tutor to the son of Dr. Stillingfleet, dean of St. Paul's — an office in which he enjoyed the benefit of one of the best private libraries in the kingdom, as well as the society of its learned possessor. In July, 1683, he took bis degree of Master of Arts. He had all along been looking for- ward to taking holy orders; but in 1685, when he completed his twenty-third year, James II. came to the throne; and his hostility to the Church of England made Bentley pause a while in his intention. He afterwards went, with Dr. Stillingfleet's son, to the University of Oxford, and being then at age, he made over a small estate, which he derived from his family, to his elder brother, and immediately laid out the money he obtained for it in the purchase of books. It is recorded of him, that having, at a very early age, made surprising progress in the learned languages, his capacity for critical learning soon began to display itself. Before the age of twenty-four, he had written with his own hand a sort of Hexwpla, a thick volume in 4to., in the first column of which was every word of the Hebrew Bible, alphabetically disposed ; and in five other columns all the various interpretations of those words in the Chaldee, Syriac, Vulgate Latin, Septuagint, Aquila, Symma- chus, and Theodosian, that occur in the whole Bible. This he made for his own use, to know the Hebrew, not from the late Rabbins, but from the ancient versions, when, excepting Arabic, Persic, and Ethiopic, he must then have read over the whole Polyglott. He had also at that time made, for his own private use, another volume in 4to., of the various lections and emendations of the Hebrew text, drawn out of those ancient ver- sions, which, though done at such an eai-ly age, would have made a second part to the famous Capellus's Critica Sacra. On the 4th of July, 1689, he was incorporated M.A. in the University of Oxford, where he could for a time revel in the treasures of the Bodleian; and is mentioned by Anthony Wood (though then but a young man a good deal under thirty) as a genius that was promising, and to whom the world was likely to be indebted for his future studies and productions. Being ordained deacon at length, in 1G90, he received the appointment of chaplain to the Bishop of Worcester. Mean wl die he did not neglect his classical studies. In 1691, he published a Latin epistle to John Mill, D.D., containing some critical observations relating to 154 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Johannes Malala (or Malela-s), Greek Historiographer, published at the end of that author, at Oxon, in a large 8vo. This was the first piece that our author published. Nor was religion less indebted to him than learning, for in 1692 he had the honour to be selected as the first person to preach at Boyle's Lectures (founded by the Hon. Robert Boyle, to assert and vindicate the fundamental truths of natural and i-evealed religion), upon which occasion he successfully applied Sir Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematical to demonstrate the being of God, and altogether silenced the atheists, who, in this countiy, have, since that time, for the most part, sheltei'ed themselves under Deism. Evelyn was in St. Martin's church when the second of these addresses was delivered; and the high opinion he there formed of the author's merits led to a warm friendship between them. Bentley's Boyle Lectures are deservedly esteemed, have passed through many editions, and been trans- lated into several foreign languages. There is a good edition by the Rev. A. Dyce, which will amply repay perusal. On the 2nd of October, 1692, he was installed a prebendary of Wor- cester by Bishop Stillingfleet. Upon the death of Mr. Justel, Mr. Bentley was immediately thought upon to succeed him as keeper of the royal libraiy at St. James's; and accordingly, a few months after his decease, he had a warrant made out for that place from the secretary's office, December 23rd, 1693, and had his patent for the same in April following. Soon after he was nominated to that office, before his patent was signed, by his care and diligence he procured no less than a thousand volumes of one sort or another, which had been neglected to be brought to the library, according to the act of parliament then subsisting, which prescribed that one copy of every book printed in England should be brought and lodged in this library, and one in each University library. In the following year he was made one of the chaplains in ordinary to the king. It was about this time, and upon this occasion of his being made librarian, that the famous dispute between him and the Hon. Charles Boyle, whether the Epistles of Phalaris were genuine or not, in some measure, at first took rise, which gave occasion to so many books and pamphlets, and has made so much noise * Newton's Principia had been published about six years, but was as yet little understood ; and to Bentley belongs the credit of first presenting it to the public in an inviting form. It is related in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes "that Dr. Bentley, when in town, was frequently at Sir Isaac's table; and that his behaviour was singularly haughty and inattentive to every one but Newton himself," THE REV. RICHARD BENTLEY, D.D. 155 in the world. Bentley rejoined by his enlarged Dissertation on Phalaris, a volume of lasting value to the lovers of ancient literature. The loudness of the outcry raised against him made him write cautiously, and therefore well. In the words of Macaulay, in his Essay on Sir William Temple: — "His spirit, daring even to rashness, self-confident even to negligence, and proud even to insolent ferocity, was awed for the first and last time; awed, not into meanness or cowardice, but into wariness and sobriety. For once he ran no risks, he left no crevice un- guarded, he wantoned in no paradoxes; above all, he returned no railing for the railing of his enemies. In almost everything that he has written, we can discover proofs of genius and learning. But it is only here that his genius and learning appear to have been constantly under the guidance of good sense and good temper." As to its more enduring effect, it may not be too much to assert that, as Bentley himself may be considered the " progenitor of the great and enlightened philologers of Ger- many," so the Phalaris in particular " paved the way for Niebuhr's History of Rome." When, in 1696, he was admitted to his degree of D.D., he preached, on the day of the public commencement, from 1 Peter iii. 15, "Be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you." In 1700, upon the resignation of Dr. Mon- tague, he was by the Crown presented to the Mastership of Trinity College, Cambridge, which is reckoned worth near £1,000 per annum/'' and was also in the same year Vice-Chan- cellor of the University; upon obtaining which preferment, he resigned his prebend of Worcester; but June 12th, 1701, on Dr. Saywell's death, he was collated archdeacon of Ely. It had been intended that the young Duke of Gloucester, on whom the hopes of the nation then rested, should be educated under the immediate superintendence of the new Master; but this design was frustrated by the death of the former, July 29th, 1700. What next employed his critical genius were the two first comedies of Aristophanes. Upon these he made some curious annotations, which were published at Amsterdam in 1710; as was much about the same time at Bheims his Emendations, &c, on the Fragments of Menander and Philemon, in the feigned name of " l'h'dfl< ntherus Lipsiensis." Under this character he appeai'ed again, in 1713, in remarks upon Collins's Discourse on * In after years he refused to exchange it for the bishopric of Bristol ; and, being asked by the minister what preferment he would consider worth his acceptance, wisely replied, in a sentence that might have been pointed by Diogenes, " that which would leave him no reason to wish for a removal," 156 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Freethinking, — a book which had made no small noise in the world at that time. This he handles and confutes in a critical, learned, and yet familiar manner. Before his Remarks on Free- thinking, in 1711, came forth his so long-expected and cele- brated edition of Horace. On the 5th of November, 1715, the doctor preached a sermon before the University against Popeiy, on which somebody soon after published remarks which occa- sioned Dr. Bentley's answer, entitled Reflections on the Scandal- ous Aspersions cast on the Clergy, by the Author of the Remarks on Dr. Bentley's Sermon on Popery, &c. This was printed in 1717, in 8vo. In 1716, at which time he succeeded to the chair of Regius Professor of Divinity, the doctor had two printed letters inscribed to him, dated January 1st. He very shortly added his answer concerning his intended edition of the Greek Testament, giving some account of what was to be expected in that edition. In 1725, at a public commencement on the 6th of July, the doctor made an elegant Latin speech on creating seven doctors of divinity. About 1732, the doctor published his Milton's Pa/radise Lost, when he was, as he says in his preface, about seventy years old. This is a very elegant and beautiful edition of that poem, but cannot be said to have con- tributed much to the editor's reputation. The dispute between Dr. Bentley and the University, and the proceedings of the latter against him, we have no inclination to detail, nor would the narrative be either agreeable or useful to our readers. It originated in a demand which Dr. Bentley made of four guineas from several doctors who were attending in the senate house to receive their degrees the day after a visit from the king (George I.).* Those who are inclined to examine further into the dispute may peruse the well-written life of Bentley, by Hartley Coleridge, in his Northern Worthies. Bentley, it is well known, gained the victory in the contest, and the Court of Bang's Bench sent down a mandamus to restore Dr. Bentley to whatever honours he might have been deprived of in the course of the dispute. After this triumph he employed himself in various literary undertakings until his death, July 14th, 1742, aged eighty years. Bentley's character was distinguished by sternness and perhaps querulousness ; his wit was caustic and severe; and whatever commendation may be bestowed upon * Hartley Coleridge, in his Biographia Borealis, offers some palliation for this conduct. Considering the trouble and expense to which Bentley was put by this visit of George I. , and the easy terras on which the new doctors of divinity, owing to the same event, obtained their degree, he thinks the latter might have paid the fee with a good grace. THE REV. RICHARD BENTLEY, D.D. 157 him as one of the most learned men of his day, he could not have been involved in so many quarrels, unless there had been something reprehensible as well as unfortunate, both in his manners and in his temper.* In his domestic relations Bentley was pre-eminently happy. He married, January 4th, 1701, Joanna, daughter of Sir John Bernard, of Brampton, in Huntingdonshire; and during the forty years that she shared his joys and sorrows, her gentle manners and excellence of dis- position did much to smooth his frequently rugged path. She died in 1740, leaving three surviving children. Of these, Richard, + who showed such early promise that he was made a Fellow of Trinity College at fifteen, became in after life the friend of Horace Walpole. Of the other two, who were daughters, Elizabeth, the elder, married for her first husband Humphrey Ridge, Esq., a Hampshire gentleman, and for her second the Rev. James Fa veil; the younger one, Joanna, J who was the " Phoebe" of Byron's beautiful pastoral in the Spectator, married the Rev. Denison Cumberland, afterwards Bishop of * Bentley was esteemed by the best judges to be the greatest critic in the learned languages of the age in which he lived ; aud was more celebrated for bis extensive and uncommon erudition in foreign nations, than in his own country. But there appears to have been something haughty and overbearing in his manners and behaviour, which caused him to have many enemies. He was also apt to speak too contemptuously of others, and especially if he had any personal pique against them. But, independent of the above, Dr. Bentley seems to have been a very agreeable and entertaining companion ; and this he was enabled to be, not only by his extensive erudition, but by his wit and humour, of which he possessed a considerable degree. It was certainly not merely the haughtiness of his behaviour, which procured him enemies in his own College and in the University. His superior learning and abilities excited envy (he being at that time, there is great reason to believe, the most learned man in England, if not in Europe); and many of the Fellows of his College were much disgusted at sundry regulations which he made therein, though those regulations were evidently agreeable to the design of the founder, and calculated for the promotion and encouragement of learning. And it is said that an eminent lawyer, who was counsel against him in the trial between him and the University of Cambridge, declared that " he was sure Dr. Bentley must be a very good and virtuous man, since, in the course of that trial, nothing inconsistent with that character could he proved against him." As a scholar, Bentley had perhaps no rival ; the only man who can be placed in competition with him is Joseph Justus Scaliger ; but, though we are far from wishing to underrate the merits of the latter, we confess that, in our opinion, Bentley has more valid claims on the gratitude of the learned. His name constitutes an epoch in the history of philology. He united in cue person the copious erudition of the older scholars, and that peculiar felicity in verbal emendation which is so remarkable in some modern critics, and especially in Porson and Monk. t His library passed into the hands of his son. Dr. Richard Bentley, a man of learning and talent, but of too desultory habits to obtain eminence in any pursuit. 'I'lic lmoks were purchased after his deatli by the house of Lacking- ton, from which they were repurchased by the British Museum. X In her honour, when a beautiful girl of eleven, Byron (then a B.A. of 158 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Kilmore, and became the mother of Richard Cumberland, the well-known dramatic writer. The letters of this eminent man, under the title of The Correspondence of Richard Bentley, D.D., were edited by the Rev. Christopher Wordsworth, D.D., and published, in 1842, in two volumes 8vo.* — For his portrait, and a very pleasing and eulogistic life, see Richard Bentley, in vol. vi. of De Quincey's Works, Edin., 1862; and for a more particular account, see Life of Richard Bentley, D.D. (with a portrait and a vignette of the house in which he was born), by J. H. Monk, D.D. (1830), who soon after its publication was raised to the bishopric of Gloucester. See also his Life in Coleridge's York- shire Worthies ; in the Gentleman s Magazine ; in Cunningham's Lives; in Kippis's Biographia Britannica; in the British Bio- graphy; in the Biographie Universelle; and in the Biographical Dictionaries of Chalmers, Knight, Rose, kc. &c. 1678-1745. THE REV. JOSEPH COOKSON, M.A., Son of Mr. William Cookson, was born in Kirkgate, Leeds, September 24th, and baptized October 16th, 1678. He was educated at the Grammar School of his native town, and after- wards admitted of Christ's College, Cambridge, where he took the degrees of B.A. and M. A. He was first settled at Hen don, in Middlesex, and on the 17th of November, 1709, became lecturer of the parish church of Leeds. In 1710, he married Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Smith, of Hendon.t He was elected vicar of Leeds, March 4th, 1715-16 (the candidates being himself, then lecturer of St. John's, and Dr. Brooke, aftei'wai'ds minister of that church). About the year 1738, he became sub-dean of Ripon, and died February 20th, 1745.+ Of a ministry which continued nearly thirty years, we have been able TrinityColl. ), wrote the little pastoral poem found in No. 603of the Spectator: — " My time, O ye Muses, was happily spent, When Phoebe went with me wherever I went ; Ten thousand sweet pleasures I felt in my breast : Sure never fond shepherd like Colin was blest," &c. * A series of his letters to and from Dr. Bernard, the Savilian professor, is also published in the Museum Criticum, vol. ii. ; together with a series of emendations on the Greek Plays, previously unpublished. Dr. Bentley also published, in 1725, a new edition of Terence and Phcedrus, which was reprinted in 1726-7. — See Chambers's Cyclop, of Eng. Lit, vol. i., p. 660. *|* He had a son, the Bev. Edward Cookson, M.A., born in 1712, who also became lecturer at the Leeds parish church. % The following Epitaph on the Rev. Joseph Cookson, vicar of Leeds, was written by the Rev. Francis Fawkes, M.A., in 1747 : — ' ' Wrapt in cold clay, beneath this marble lies What once was generous, eloquent, and wise ; THE REV. JOSEPH COOKSON, M.A. 159 to learn but very little. From the specimen of Mr. Cookson's funeral sermon for his predecessor, it is impossible not to think favourably of his piety, and of his talents as a preacher. An irregular practice of baptizing children of the higher ranks at home, having been connived at by his predecessor, Mr. Killing- beck, had become inveterate. Mr. Cookson's mode of redressing the evil was ingenious. During the mayoralty of his brother (Wm. Cookson, either in 1725 or 1738),* having been invited as usual to perform that ceremony in a private house, he complied, and procured himself to be presented for the irregularity in the ecclesiastical court at York, with which he had a good under- standing on the subject. This, of course, broke through the practice. In the year 1727, Mr. Cookson rebuilt the vicarage- house and offices upon the ground in the Vicar's Croft (now the Kirkgate market), which, with the lands they stood upon, were given in 1453, by 'William Scott, of Potternewton, and which, after standing nearly a century, were taken down, and the site and croft converted into a large public market. A large and handsome house in Park Place was purchased as the future vicarage. After the death of Mr. Cookson, a severe con- tent followed. The candidates were James Scott, A.M., curate A genius form'd in every light to shine, A well-bred scholar, and a sage divine ; An orator in every art refin'd, To teach, to animate, and mend mankind ; The wise and good approVd the life he led, And, as they lov'd Mm living, mourn him dead." * " William Cookson, Esq. (1669-1743), alderman of Leeds, buried July 25th, 1743. N.B. — He was thrice mayor of this corporation, of which he was the greatest ornament. His virtues [shined] shone with an amiable lustre through the various scenes of life. He was a pious Christian, a generous benefactor, an honest tradesman, a tender husband, an indulgent parent, a sincere friend, and a complete gentleman. " The above is an extract from the register of the Leeds parish church for 1743. He was the son of William Cookson, who was born in 1639, who settled in Leeds about 1652; and was the son of Brian Cookson, who was born in 1610, and died in 1685. It is a singular fact that the ancestors of this Brian possessed an estate near Settle for upwards of 3Q0 years, under the names of Brian and Robert alternately, as is evident from the family deeds. The son, Wm. Cookson, was born at Leeds, October 17th, 1669 ; and married at Roth well, June 22nd, 1701, Susanna, daughter of Michael Idle, Esq., mayor of Leeds in 1690. He was elder brother to the Rev. Joseph Cookson, M.A., vicar of Leeds; and was thrice mayor of Leeds, in 1712, 1725, and 1738. He died July 22nd, 1743, and was succeeded by his son Thomas, who married Margaret, daughter of "William Dawson, Esq., and had issue William Cookson, born in 1749, twice mayor of Leeds, in 1783 and in 1801, and who died in February, 1811. The Cooksons, of Whitehill, in the county of Durham; and those of Meldon l J ;nk, in the county of Northumberland, are also descended from this family. Their motto is, "Nil desprrandum" — Never despair. For their pedigree, coat of arms, and other particulars, see Burke's Landed Gentry; Thoresby's Bucatus Leodiensis, p. 136, &c. 160 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of Trinity church, Leeds, and Samuel Kirshaw, A.M., rector of Coningsby, in Lincolnshire, son of Richard Kirshaw, D.D., rector of Ripley. The former was, by nature, arrogant and haughty, of no contemptible talents, and confident of success from the merits and interest of his family. The pretensions of the latter were very different; considerable merit as a clergy- man, together with great calmness, prudence, and discx*etion. The latter was elected. For a further account, see Thoresby's Vicaria Leodiensis, &c. 1669—1749. SIE WALTER CALVERLEY, BART., Was the son of Walter Calverley, Esq., of Calverley, near Leeds, and Frances, daughter and heiress of Henry Thompson, Esq., of Esholt, near Leeds. He married Julia, eldest daughter of Sir William Blackett, Bart., in January, 1706; was created a baronet in December, 1711, and died in 1749. In the parish church of Calverley, over the vestry door, there is a large mural monument to him, with the following eulogistic inscription: — "To the memory of Sir Walter Calverley, of Calverley, Bart. — His mother, Frances, daughter and sole heiress of Henry Thom- son, of Esholt, Esq. — His wife, Julia, eldest daughter of Sir William Blackett, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Bart. — And of his two sisters, Ann, married to Benj. Wade, of New Grange (near Leeds), Esq., and Bridget, first married to John Ramsden, of Crowstone, Esq., and afterwards to William Nevile, of Hol- beck, Esq. — all of them persons of merit and character. Sir Walter was descended from an ancient and eminent family;* he made it the study of his life to reflect back upon his ancestors the lustre which he received from them. He possessed every qualification which distinguishes the great man; he cultivated * John Calverley, Esq. , next brother of Sir William Calverley, Knt. , of Calverley, and tenth in direct descent from John Scot, alias Calverley, lord of Calverley in 1136, held lands in Churwell in 1510. His son, Christopher Calverley, of Rothwell, who died in 1546, was great-great-grandfather of Robert Calverley, Esq. , of Oulton, near Leeds, who died in 1674, leaving four sons, of whom the third, Matthew, born in 1652, was father of William, born in 1684, who married, in 1714, Frances, daughter and co-heiress of John Grosvenor, and dying in 1729, left a son, John, mayor of Leeds, who married Mary, daughter of Thomas Walker, Esq., of Dewsbury, and died in 1783, leaving a son, John Calverley, Esq. , who assumed, by royal licence, in 1807, the name and arms of Blayds. He married Mary, daughter of the Rev. Charles Downes, and left at his decease, in 1827, the present John Calverley, Esq. , who resumed, by royal licence, in 1852, the name and arms of Calverley, of Oidton Hall, near Leeds, born in September, 1789 ; married in May, 1822 ; and has issue, Edmund, born in August, 1826; married in April, 1852, Isabella Mary, elder daughter of John Thomas Selwyn, Esq., of Down Hall, Essex, &c— See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. SIR WALTER CALYERLEY, BART. 161 every virtue which, adorns the good one. Independent, lie regarded no interest but the interest of his country; that interest he steadily asserted with prudence, with dignity, with spirit. Preferring the tranquillity of retirement to the grandeur of a court, he fixed his residence at Esholt; there, by a generous, affable hospitality, he circulated his fortune through its proper channel ; diffused cheei-fulness among his friends and neighbours, and quickened the industry of his tenants and dependents. Fond of agriculture and all the rural arts, he not only improved and beautified his own estate, but his admirable skill manifestly operated to the general emolument of this county. Manufac- tures and manufacturers were the immediate objects of his attention and regard. He was an able and willing patron of the diligent poor; these he daily relieved by that most bene- ficial charity — employment : in the tender characters of the husband and the father, he discovered the purest conjugal love, the truest paternal indulgence and care; as a wise and upright magistrate, he commanded obedience to the laws by his autho- rity and by his example. In his religion he was warm without enthusiasm, strict without superstition. Thus, in the active discharge of his duty to God and to mankind, having reached, through temperance and exercise, the eightieth year of his age, death, by an easy and gradual dissolution, opened to him a glorious immortality, the 17th of October, 1749. " :: " Beneath * The three following notes ought to have been inserted somewhat earlier : — Thomas Kirke, Esq., F.R.S. (1650-1706).— This respectable gentleman, who lived at Cookridge, near Leeds, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1693 ; to which society he afterwards communicated An Account of a Lamb Icing Sucked by a Wether Sheep for several Months after the Death of the Ewe. (See Philosophical Transactions, vol. xviii., p. 263.) He died April 24th, 1706, aged fifty-six. In December, 1583, Gilbert Kirke purchased Cookridge of Sir Thomas Cecil, afterwards Earl of Exeter. Gdbert dying without issue in 1586, was buried in St. Peter's church, Leeds, leaving his estate at Cook- ridge to Gilbert, second son of his brother, Thomas Kirke, of Buslingthorp, with a legacy to Frances Kirke, his sister, and great-grandmother to Ralph Thoresby. This Gilbert died in 1628, and was succeeded by his son, Thomas Kirke, of Cookridge, gent., who died in 1633. and was succeeded by Gilbert Kirke, who was born in 1624; married, in 1649, Margaret, daughter of Francis Layton, Esq., of Rawdon, and had issue Thomas Kirke, Esq., of Cookridge, justice of the peace, who was born December 22nd, 1 < ".50 ; married, July 11th, 1678, Rosamund, daughter and co-heiress of Mr. Robert Abbot, and died in 1706. "Cookridge," says Thoresby, "is deservedly famous for the noble and pleasant walks that this Mr. Kirke has contrived in his wood there. An avenue of four rows of trees leads from his house to that most surprising labyrinth, winch at once delighteth and amuseth the spectator with the windings and variously intermixed walks, which are so intricate that those who are engaged in them cannot without some difficulty extricate themselves, there being no less than 65 centres and about 300 views, better expressed by the plan (see Thoresby"s Ducatus Leodii wis, p. 158) than any description I am aide to give of it. The whole contains about sixscore acres, the double line 1G2 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. which there is also the following inscription: — " Lady Calverley was endowed with that equal disposition of mind which always creates its own happiness; with that open and flowing bene- volence which always promotes the happiness of others; her person was amiable and engaging ; her manners soft and gentle ; her behaviour delicate and graceful; her conversation lively and instructing ; even her amusements distinguished her a woman of sense, having not only innocence but merit to recommend them : she fulfilled the endearing offices of the wife, the mother, and the friend with the most perfect constancy and affection. Her virtues were crowned with a most sincere piety to her Maker, the great Author and final Rewarder of all goodness. She died the 16th of September, 1736, in the fifty-first year of her age, as universally lamented in her death as she had been admired in her life." To the memory of these excellent persons, more especially of his honoured parents, Sir Walter and Lady Calverley; Walter, their only son, now Sir Walter Blackett, hath erected this monument, 1752. — Near this place lies the body of Sir Walter Blackett, of Wallington, in the county of Northumberland, Bart., son of Sir Walter Calverley, Bart., who died February 14th, 1777, aged sixty-nine years. Sir Walter Calverley's only daughter, Julia, was married to Sir walks are about twenty feet wide, and the single about eight ; and all kept in excellent order by that ingenious gentleman, who has the pleasure (or fatigue, shall I say?) of almost all foreigners and gentlemen of curiosity of our own nation that travel into the north, and who afterwards can as little conceal their admiration as before they could their desire to see it." The Roman rig, or via rieiualis, from the lately-discovered station near Adel Mill (of which there is an account in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 282), passes through Cookridge, which perhaps might receive its denomination from thence. "This rig is evidently in some part of Mr. Kirke's grounds, who showed me the place where several Roman monuments were dug up ; previous to which a statue of a Roman officer, with inscription, had been dug up, both which perished through the ignorance and stupidity of the labourers." His son, Thomas Kirke, gent., died in January, 1709. According to Thoresby, " both the Mr. Kirkes were great virfruosoes in all sorts of learning, and had a fine library and museum of curiosities ; all which were sold by auction in 1710."— For several letters to and from Mr. Kirke, Sir Hans Sloane, Sir Godfrey Copley, and Sir John Wentwortk, see Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. iv. , p. 72, &c. For their pedigree and other particulars, see Whitaker's Thoresby, &c Henry Watkinson, Esq., LL.D. (1628-1712), an excellent civilian, born in Kirkgate, Leeds, baptized April 24th, 1628, was the son of Henry Watkin- son, Esq., merchant, of Leeds, who died in November, 1638, and Bridget, daughter of Thomas Lodge, of Leeds, who was married in October, 1625. His daughter, Mary, married "William Pearson, LL.D., chancellor of York, and rector of Bolton Percy. His brother, Christopher Watkinson, Esq., baptized August 11th, 1630, was mayor of Leeds in 1668, and died in 1676, having previously married Mary, daughter of William Foxley, Esq., twice mayor of Hull, whose daughter, Bridget, married, in April, 1688, Richard Thornton, Esq., recorder of Leeds. Dr. "Watkinson was educated at the Leeds GENERAL GUEST. 163 George Trevelyan, Bart., who died December 28th, 1768, from whom is descended the present Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Bart. — For their pedigree and coat of arms, &c, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 116.; Burke's Peerage, &c. -1745—. GENERAL GUEST, Who commanded the king's troops at Edinburgh during the rebellion in 1 745, was a native of Leeds, and the son of a cloth- dresser — a business at which he himself laboured in the early part of his life.* Of the circumstances which produced his elevation, there are at present no trace — at least none to which we have access. After the army of Charles Stuart had taken possession of the town of Edinburgh, General Guest made use of some finesse to engage the rebel army in a siege of the castle, and thus prevented them from marching directly into England; with this view, after the battle of Freston, he wrote four or five letters addressed to the Duke of ^Newcastle, Secretary of State, stating that there was but a small stock of provisions in the Castle of Edinburgh, and that he should be obliged to surrender immediately. These letters fell, as it was designed they should, Grammar School, became chancellor and vicar-general to four archbishops of York, and died April 22ud, 1712, in his eighty-fourth year. — For his pedigree and other particulars, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 73. me the adopted system of future philosophers." In this, however, he appears to have been mistaken. We know of no "future" philosophers of any name who have adopted his system. Dr. Priestley, indeed, published, in 1775, Hartleys Theory, dr., with Essays on the subject of it, but all he has done in this is to convince us of his own belief in materialism, and his earnest desire to prove Hartley a materialist, who dreaded nothing so much, although it must be confessed that his doctrines have an apparent tendency to that conclusion. Since that time 1G6 BIOGBAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Hartley's work was nearly forgotten until 1791, when an edition was published by his son, in a handsome 4to. volume, with notes and additions from the German of the Rev. Herman Andrew Pistorius, rector of Poseritz, in the island of Pugen; and a Sketch of the Life and character of Dr. Hartley.* The doctrine of vibrations, upon which he attempts to explain the origin and propagation of sensation, although supported by much ingenious reasoning, is not only built upon a gratuitous assumption, but, as Haller has shown, it attributes properties to the medullary substance of the brain and nerves, which are totally incompatible with their nature. Upon his doctrine of association the various systems of Mnemonics, which have lately been published, are founded. Dr. Hartley was the author of some medical tracts relative to the operation of Mrs. Stephens's medicine for the stone, a disease with which he was himself afflicted ; he was, indeed, principally instrumental in procuring for Mrs. Stephens the five thousand pounds granted by parlia- ment for discovering the composition of her medicine, which was published in the Gazette in June, 1739. In 1738, he published Observations made on Ten Persons who have taken the Medica- ment of Mrs. Stej)hens; and in 1739 his View of the present Evidence for and, against Mrs. Stejmens's Medicine as a Solvent for the Stone, containing 155 Cases, with some Experiments and Observations, and a Supplement to the View of the present Evidence, &c. His own case is the 123rd in the above-mentioned View; but, notwithstanding any temporary relief which he might receive from the medicine, he is said to have died of the stone, after having taken above two hundred pounds' weight of soap, which is the principal ingredient in the composition of that celebrated medicine. In the Gentleman 's Magazine for February, 1746, Dr. Hartley published with his name, Directions for Pre- paring and Administering Mrs. Stephens's Medicine in a Solid Form. He is also said to have written in defence of inoculation for the small-pox, against the objections of Dr. Warren, of Dury St. Edmund's; and some papers of his are to be met with in the Philosophical Transactions. He died at Bath, August 28th, 1757, aged fifty-two. He was twice married, and left issue by both marriages. The philosophical character of Dr. Hartley, says his son, is delineated in his works. The features * An edition was also published in 3 vols., 8vo., London, 1791. The third volume contains a Life and character of Dr. Hartley, with notes and additions by Pistorius. He also wrote The Truth of the Christian Religion, included in Bishop Watson's Tracts, &c. — See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes ; Darling's Cyclopciidia BibliograpMa, &c. DAVID HARTLEY, If. A., M.D. 167 of his private and personal character were of the same com- plexion. It may with peculiar propriety be said of him, that the mind was the man. " His thoughts were not immersed in worldly pursuits or contentions, and therefore his life was not eventful or turbulent, but placid, and undisturbed by passion or violent ambition. From his earliest youth his mental ambition was pre-occupied by pursuits of science. His hours of amuse- ment were likewise bestowed upon objects of taste and senti- ment. Music, poetry, and history, were his favourite recita- tions. His imagination was fertile and correct, his language and expression fluent and forcible. His natural temper was gay, cheerful, and sociable. He was addicted to no vice in any part of his life; neither to pride, nor to sensuality, nor intem- perance, nor ostentation, nor envy, nor to any sordid self-interest; but his heart was replete with every contrary virtue. The vir- tuous principles which are instilled in his works, were the invariable and decided principles of his life and conduct." His person was of the middle size, and well-proportioned. His complexion fair, his features regular and handsome. His coun- tenance open, ingenuous, and animated. He was peculiarly neat in his person and attire. He was an early riser, and punctual in the employments of the day; methodical in the order and disposition of his library, papers, and writings, as the companions of his thoughts, but without any pedantry either in these habits or in any other part of his character. His behaviour was polite, easy, and graceful; but that which made his address peculiarly engaging was the benevolence of heart from which that politeness flowed. He never conversed with a fellow-creature without feeling a wish to do him good. He con- sidered the moral end of our creation to consist in the perform- ance of the duties of life attached to each particular station, to which all other considerations ourd, who died in 1621, and grandson of John Savile, Esq., of New Hall, near Leeds), was succeeded at his decease, in 1606, by his eldest son, Henry Savile, Esq., of Methley, near Leeds, who was created a baronet in 1(511; but dying without issue in 1631, the title became extinct— (for a fine engraving of the tomb of Huron Savile, and Sir Henry Savile, his son, in Methley church, see Whitaker's Loidis, p. 270)— and the estates devolved upon (the son of Sir John Savile, by his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, Esq.) his half-brother, John Savile, Esq., who Urns became "of Methley." He married, first, Mary, daughter of John Robinson, Esq., of Bather; and, secondly, Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Garraway, Knight, Lord Mayor of London. After being sheriff of Yorkshire, he died in L65L, and was succeeded by his son, John Savile, Esq.. of Methley and Thriberg, born in 1644; married Sarah, daughter of Peter Tryon, Esq., and was succeeded by his second^son, Charles M 178 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. and their crest is also an owl. Their motto is, " Be fast," and their country-seat is at Methley Park, near Leeds. — For the pedi- gree, &c, of the Saviles, Earls of Mexborough, see Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 272; Hunter's South Yorkshire, &c. 3727-1778. CHAELES (INGEAM), VISCOUNT IEWIN* There is a monument m Whitkirk church, near Leeds, to the memory of the late Lord and Lady Irwin, the latter of whom Savile, Esq., born in May, 1677; married Aletheia, daughter and co-heiress of Gilbert Mellington, Esq., of Nottinghamshire, and was succeeded, in 1741, by his only son, Sir John Savile, LL.D., M.P., &c, the first Earl of Mex- borough, of Methley Park, near Leeds. — See the Peerages of Burke, Collins, Debrett, Lodge, &c. * The founder of this family was Hugh Ingram, a wealthy citizen and merchant of London, and of Thorp-on-the-Hill, near Leeds, who died in 1612, leaving a large fortune to his two sons. The elder, Sir AVilliam iDgram, LL.D., Secretary to the Council of the North, died in July, 1623, leaving issue. The younger, Sir Arthur Ingram, made entensive purchases in the county of York, including Temple Newsom, on the river Aire, two miles below Leeds, from the Duke of Lennox. He served the office of sheriff for Yorkshire in the 18th of James I. ; often represented the city of York in parliament ; was one of the right hon. Council in the North, and justice of the peace in the several Ridings. He was thrice married, and succeeded by his eldest son, — Sir Arthur Ingram, of Temple Newsom, high sheriff of York- shire in the 6th of Charles I., deputy-lieutenant, and justice of the peace, died in July, 1655, and was succeeded by his second son, — Henry, Lord Ingram, of Temple Newsom, who, having been a great loyalist during the troublesome reign of Charles L, was created a peer of Scotland, with remainder to the heirs male of his body, as Lord Ingram, Viscount of Irvine, by letters patent, dated 23rd May, 1661. He married Lady Essex Montagu, daughter of Edward, Earl of Manchester, and had two sons, Edward and Arthur. His lordship died in August, 1666, and was succeeded by his elder son, — Edward, Lord Ingram, second Viscount Irvine or Irwin, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Leitrim, and sister of the Earl of Harborough ; died in 1688, and was succeeded by his brother, — Arthur, Lord Ingram, third Viscount Irwin, who married Isabella, eldest daughter and co-heiress of John Machel, Esq., M.P. for Horsham, Sussex, and had nine sons, of whom five, Edward, Richard, Arthur, Henry, and George, became fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth Viscounts Irwin. Edward, Lord Ingram, fourth Viscount, was lord-lieutenant of the East- Riding, and died in May, 1714. Richard, Lord Ingram, fifth Viscount, mar- ried Lady Anne Howard, third daughter of Charles, third Earl of Carlisle. (Of this lady there is a portrait in Park's Walpole.) She was a poetess, and printed the following works :— In 1759, A Character of the Princess Elizabeth; An Ode to George III., in 1761; An Answer to some Verses of Lady Mary Worthy Montague, printed in a supplement to Pope's Works; A Poetical Essay on Mr. Pope's Characters of Women. For this last her ladyship was thus noticed in Duncombe's Feminead: — "By generous views, one peeress more demands A grateful tribute from all female hands ; One, who to shield them from the worst of foes, In their just cause dar'd Pope himself oppose. Their own dark forms, deceit and envy wear, By Irwin touch'd with truth's celestial spear." CHARLES (INGRAM), VISCOUNT IRWIN. 179 spent a long and beneficent life at Temple Newsom, near Leeds — the design of which, though very handsome, scarcely required the hand of Nollekins — with the following inscrip- tion: — "To the memory of the best of parents, Charles, Vis- count Irwin, and Frances, Viscountess Irwin, his beloved wife, this monument is erected by their most dutiful and afflicted daughter, Isabella Ann Hertford.* The Right Hon. Charles Ingram, Viscount Irwin, born 19th of March, 1727, died 19th He was Governor of Hull, colonel of the Body Guards, and was appointed Governor of Barbadoes, but died a few weeks before lie should have set out for that island, in May, 1721, without issue. Arthur, Lord Ingram, sixth Viscount, M.P. for Horsham, and lord-lieu- tenaut for the East-Riding ; died in June, 1736, without issue. Henry, Lord Ingram, seventh Viscount, also M.P. for Horsham, commis- sary for the stores at Gibraltar, and lord-lieutenant of the East-Biding, also died without issue. Bev. Dr. George, Lord Ingram, eighth Viscount, canon of Windsor, pre- bendary of "Westminster, and chaplain to the House of Commons, succeeded his brother in 1761, and dying without issue in 1763, aged sixty-nine, was succeeded by his nephew, Charles, Lord Ingram, ninth Viscount (son of Charles Ingram, younger brother of the six preceding peers, colonel of the 2nd Begiment of Foot Guards, and adjutant-general of the forces, M.P. for Horsham till his death in 1748), married, in 1756, Miss Shepherd, a lady of large fortune. His lord- ship, who was chosen one of the representative peers of Scotland in 1768, died at Temple Newsom, June 27th, 1778, when, having no male issue, the peerage became extinct. He had the following five daughters (who all bore the additional surname of Shepherd): — 1. Isabella Ann Ingram Shepherd, married, in 1776, to Francis Seymour Conway, second Marquis of Hertford, K.G., &c, lord of Temple Newsom (jure uxoris); took the surname and arms of Ingram, by royal licence, in 1807 ; appointed lord chamberlain in March, 1812 ; and had issue an only son, Francis Charles, third Marquis of Hertford, E.G., kc. 2. Frances Ingram Shepherd, married in March, 1781, to Lord "William Ion (see his lines addressed to the Marchioness of Hertford), second son of Cosmo George, third Duke of Gordon, and died without issue. 3. Elizabeth Digram Shepherd, married in August, 1782, Hugo Meynell, Esq. (a) the younger, of Bradley, in the county of Derby, and died in May, 1800, leaving issue, 4. Harriet Digram Shepherd, married in September, 1789, to Colonel Henry Harvey Aston, and had issue, 5. Louisa Susan Ingram Shepherd, married in June, 1787, to Sir John Bamsden, Bart., of Byrom Hall, in the county of York, and had issue John I Sharles Bamsden, M.P. for Malton, &c, who married Isabella, fourth daughter of Lord Dundas, and had issue the present Sir John William Bamsden, Bart., M.P. for the West-Biding, &c— Burke's Extinct Peerage, kc. Lines addressed to the Marchioness of Hertford, by Lord William G irdon, on the death of her mother: — "In the cold grave, where earth-born sorrows cease, Thine honour'd, aged mother, sleeps in peace ! ' Hugo Meynel). Esq.. of noar Cross, county Stafford, married the Hon. Elizabeth Ingram, daughter and co-heiress of the last Viscount lima, and by that lady had issue Hugo Charles- his Henry, par-admiral, late M.P. for Lisburn; Frances Adeline, married in November, i-n. to u llliam Beckett. Esq.. MI', for Leeds. Mr. Meynell died in ism. and was succeeded by bis elder son. who, having token the additional surname of Ingram, is the present Hugo Charles I] Ingram, Esq., of Temple Newsom, near Leeds. Their motto is. " Virtute vici;" or, "By virtue I have conquered."— See Lurke's Landed Gentry, &c. 180 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of June, 1778, aged fifty-one years. The Right Hon. Frances, Viscountess Irwin, born 8th of August, 1734, died 20th of November, 1807, aged seventy-three years." There is at Temple Newsom a series of family portraits, including one of the ninth and last Lord Viscount Irwin, by Wilson, and another of his daughter, Isabella, the late Marchioness of Hertford, by Sir Joshua Reynolds. — For their pedigree, coat of arms, and other particulars, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 230; Burke's Extinct Peerage; Hunter's South Yorkshire, vol. i., p. 173, &c. -1782.* WILLIAM DENISON, ESQ., Eldest son of William Denison, a Leeds merchant, and brother to Sir Thomas Denison, was also a merchant in Leeds, where he realized a large fortune, and where for many years he was a Long in the paths of virtue had she trod, Each step directed hy the hand of God : Long had she prospered, in this vale of tears, And happiness inereas'd with length of years ; Each duty piously fulfill'd in life, Of mother, daughter, neighbour, friend, and wife. Full oft on angel-errand would she go, To carry comfort to the house of woe ; Oft to the family of silent grief, Bear unsolicited, uuhoped relief ; And homeward as she hied, along the vale, On every side around her hreath'd the gale Of gratitude, and, far as she could hear, The voice of distant blessings reach'd her ear ; And still at early morn and evening late, The child of want found welcome at her gate ; While Charity, within her ancient hall, Dealt largess, food, and raiment, unto all ; — Her day on earth was happy ! like the sun In a May morn, her dawn of life began ; Unclouded was the sky, serene the air, And twilight infancy heam'd passing fair; High rose her charms, and with no common blaze, Shone in the noontide lustre of their rays ; Lovely and settled were her evening hours, Unvex'd by storms of grief, or sorrow's showers, Late, in the sea of calm content, she sat, And left behind a night of long regret. Oh ! say, could fond imagination trace, Through the long hue of life, a happier race? Yet, what avails the thought ! In silent course, Sorrow still flows from memory's lov'd source ; The tear still rises in a daughter's eye, Falls on her bosom, and there meets a sigh ! " ST* For tablet and inscription, &c, to the memory of the Rev. James Scott, M.A., the first minister of Holy Trinity church, Leeds, who died in February, 1782, see Sketch of the Eev. Henry Eobinson, M.A., who died in 173G, p. 145. See also note to the Rev. James Scott, D.D., who died in 1814. JEREMIAH DIXON, ESQ., F.R.S. 181 great benefactor to the poor. He lived in Kirkgate, and after- wards at Denison Hall, Hanover Square, in this town. In January, 1776, he gave thirty loads of corn and four hundred corves of coals to the poor of Kirkgate division. The Leeds Corporation brought an action against him, when alderman, for refusing to take upon himself the office of mayor, to which he had been elected no less than four times, namely, in 1754, 1755, 1756, and 1758. Lord Chief-Justice Mansfield, who tried the cause at York, observed " that he was surprised Mr. Denison should refuse the highest honour that the Corporation of Leeds could confer upon him." The cause was compromised by his engaging to accept office, on condition that the duties thereof might be discharged by his brother. He purchased the manor of Ossington, in Nottinghamshire, in 1753, and served as high sheriff of that county in 1779. He died at Bath, April 11th, 1782, worth half-a-million of money, leaving issue John, his heir,* and Nathaniel. In Ossington church there is a magnificent mausoleum to his memory. — See the Annals and Histories of Leeds, &c. 1726-1782. JEEEMIAH DIXON, ESQ., F.K.S., "Was born at Gledhow, near Leeds, in 1726; was high sheriff for the county of York in 1758; and died in 1782, aged fifty-six years. t He was the only son of Mr. John Dixon, merchant, * His eldest son, John Denison, Esq., was 3d. P. for Chichester, and after- wards for Minehead. He married twice; by his first wife he had two daughters, of whom the elder, Charlotte, married the Eight Hon. Charles Manners Sutton, Speaker of the House of Commons, afterwards Viscount Canterbury; by his second wife, Charlotte, daughter of Samuel Eastwicke, Esq., M.P., he had issue — 1, John Evelyn (of Ossington Hall, county Notts), born 27th January, 1800 ; married 14th July, 1827, Lady Charlotte Bentinck, third daughter of the present Duke of Portland. He is M.A. of Christ Church, Oxford, and has been a member of the House of Commons since the year 1823. He was chosen Speaker in May, 1857, and made a PC. — 2, Edward (Right Rev.), D.D., born in 1801, consecrated Bishop of Salisbury in 1837, died in 1854. — 3, William Thomas (Sir), Knt., captain Royal En- gineers, and late Governor-General of Australia, now of Madras. — 4, George Anthony, in holy orders, M. A., rector of East Brent, prebendary of Salisbury, and archdeacon of Taunton; married 4th September, 1838, Georgiana, eldest daughter of J. W. Henley, Esq., M.P.— 5, Henry, M.A., Fellow of All Souls, Oxford, and barrister-atdaw ; Stephen Charles, M.A., barrister-atdaw, &c; with several others. — For further particulars, see Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. h He was lineally descended from William Dixon, of Heaton Royds, near Shipley, who was living in the year 1564 ; whose grandson, Joshua, settled at Leeds, in the cloth trade, and married Eleanor, sister of William, father of Alderman John Dodgson, twice mayor of Leeds, in 1696 and 1710; whose eldest son, Jeremiah, of Leeds, died in October, 1721, having married Mary, daughter of the above John Dodgson, and left issue John Dixon, of Leeds, merchant, who married Frances, daughter of Thomas Gower, Esq., of Hutton, 182 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of Leeds, for whom he caused a monument to be erected in the Leeds parish church, with the following inscription : — " Near this place are deposited the remains of Mr. John Dixon, of Leeds, merchant, who died 4th February, 1749, aged fifty -four years. — And also of Frances, his wife, who died 16th September, 1750, aged sixty-two years. Their exemplary conjugal affec- tion, and uniform practice of religious duties, made their loss sincerely lamented, more particularly by their only son, Jeremiah Dixon, of Gledhow, Esq., F.R.S., high sheriff of this county in the year 1758, who died 7th of June, 1782, aged fifty-six years. At whose request this monument is erected, as a token of respect, to the memory of his parents. His own unsullied purity and amiableness of manners, strict integrity and elegance of taste, cultivated mind and evenness of temper, with an unwearied attention to the duties of a man, a citizen, and a Christian, engaged the esteem of all who knew him, and ren- dered him an example worthy of the imitation of posterity. — Also in memory of Mary Dixon, wife of the above-mentioned Jeremiah Dixon, Esq., and daughter of the Rev. Henry Wick- grandson of Edward Gower, younger brother of Sir Thomas Gower, Bart. , of Sittenham, in this county, from whom the Duke of Sutherland and Earl Granville are descended. This Jeremiah Dixon, their son, purchased, in 1764, the estate of Gledhow from the WUson family ; in 1765, the manor of Chapel- Allerton from Mr. Killingheck ; and in 1771, the estates of Lady Dawes and her son. In the years 1766 and 1767, he made considerable addi- tions to the old house of Gledhow, and during the remainder of his life con- tinued to adorn it with beautiful plantations. Having first introduced the Apherhously pine into the neighbourhood, it is usually known by the name of the Gledhow pine. (For a fine engraving of his bouse at Gledhow, and the surrounding country, see Dr. Whitaker's History of Leeds, p. 131. ) He left three sons — 1, John, his heir ; 2, Jeremiah, mayor of Leeds in 1784, who married Mary, daughter of John Smeaton, Esq., F.R.S., who built Eddystone Lighthouse ; 3, Henry, of Brooke Farm, near Liverpool, who married Miss Townley Plumbe, daughter of Thomas Plumbe, Esq., and sister of Colonel Plunibe Tempest, of Tong Hall, near Leeds, by whom he had a large family. John Dixon, Esq., of Gledhow, the eldest son and heir, was born in June, 1753; became colonel of the 1st West York Militia; justice of the peace, and deputy -lieutenant for the West-Riding ; married in July, 1784, Lydia, daughter of the Rev. T. Parker, of Astle, in the county of Chester, and had issue — 1, Henry, his heir; 2, John, present representative; 3, George, late captain in the 3rd Guards, &c. Colonel John Dixon died in April, 1824, and was succeeded by Henry Dixon, Esq., of Gledhow, born in November, 1794; lieutenant in the 15th Hussars ; married in December, 1829, Emma Matilda, niece of Sir Robert Wilmot, of Derbyshire, and died without issue in August, 1838, when he was succeeded by his next brother, —John Dixon, Esq., of Astle Hall, near Knutsford, Cheshire, born in February, 1799 ; a captain in the army; married in May, 1840, Sophia, daughter of the late T. W. Tatton, Esq., and has issue six sons and three daughters. — See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. For an account of James Henry Dixon, Esq. , of Seaton Carew, county of Durham, and the old family of the Beestons, of Beeston, near Leeds, see appendix to Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. THE REV. SAMUEL KIRSHAW, D.D. 183 ham, rector of Guiseley, who departed this life the 7th of April, 1807, aged seventy -three years." — For pedigree and other par- ticulars of the Dixons, see Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 130; Burke's Landed Gentry; Commoners of England, vol. hi., &c. 1701—1784. THE EEV. THOMAS ADAM, B.A., A pious divine, was born at Leeds in the year 1701, and edu- cated at Wakefield. He was the second son of H. Adam, Esq., town-clerk of Leeds, by Elizabeth, daughter of Jasper Blyth- man,* Esq., recorder of Leeds, who died in December, 1707. After remaining two years at Cambridge, he went to Oxford, where he took his degree of Bachelor of Arts. He afterwards obtained the living of Winteringham, in Lincolnshire, of which lie continued rector fifty-eight years, and repeatedly refused additional preferment. He died, much regretted, in his eighty - third year, in 1784. His Works were published in 3 vols.,t Svo., London, 1822. — For additional particulars, see his Life and Memoirs, mentioned below; the Monthly Review; Dar- ling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographia, &c. 1706-1786. THE EEV. SAMUEL KIRSHAW, D.D., Vicar of Leeds, an attentive and conscientious parish priest, was the son of the Bev. Bichard Kirshaw, D.D., rector of Bipley forty-two years, who died in 1736, aged seventy-two, and Rebecca, daughter of Samuel Sykes, Esq., mayor of Leeds in 1674, whose younger daughter, Mary, married Samuel Kir- shaw, of Leeds, merchant, Bichard's brother. Bichard Kir- * For the pedigree of the Blythman family, see Thoresby's Ducntus Leodiensis, p. 9, &c. T Vol. i. contains A Life and Character of the Author; An Exposition of St. Matthew's Gospel, with suitable lectures and prayers. Vol. ii. A Paraphrase on Romans; Private Thoughts on Religion ; Prac- tical Lectures on the Church Catechism; An Exercise Preparatory to Con- firmation. — According to the Monthly Review for February, 1754, " the author writes like a pious n ',;>.:», and one who. is desirous to make us good Christians." Vol. in. Evawjdical Sermons (twenty-six in number). The volume of 'Zermons published in 1781 contains only the last eleven of the above.— In the year 1786, the Rev. Joseph Milner assisted the Rev. William Richardson in the publication of the posthumous works of their venerable friend, Mr. Adam. The preface to the Private Thoughts was their joint work. The Rev. James Stillingfleet wrote the Life. He also wrote an Exposition of the Four Gospels, which was edited by the Rev. A. Westoby, M.A., with a Memoir by the editor, 2 vols., 8vo., Loudon, 1837. Mr. Westoby aLso published a Life of the Rev. Thomas Adam, sepa lately in 183 1, l'.'nio. 184 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. shaw's father was also rector of Ripley, and his mother was also a Miss Sykes. Samuel, the vicar of Leeds, was educated at the Leeds Grammar School, and afterwards at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1727; proceeded M.A. in 1731; and D.D. in 1740. He was regularly elected vicar of Leeds, March 2 1 st, 1751, after a long contest. He married Ann, only surviving daughter of the Rev. S. Brook, D.D., minister of St. John's, Leeds, and had issue — 1, Richard, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, B.D., rector of Masham, and minister of Holy Trinity, Leeds, bom in 1743, and died in Jan., 1791-2, without issue; 2, Frances, born in 1751, and married Ralph Shipperdson, Esq., of Pidding Hall, Garth, in the county of Durham. For an account of him and his successors, see Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. After the death of the Rev. Joseph Cookson, in 1745, a contest and litigation of six years ensued, owing to one of the twenty-five trustees nominated under a decree of Lord Bacon having died, and the remaining twenty-four divided their votes equally between two candidates, viz., James Scott, M.A., and Samuel Kirshaw, M.A. Thus the matter rested till one of the twenty-four died, and the twelve friends of Mr. Scott strove to enforce his election, which the other eleven trustees rejected, and demanded a popular election. Mr. Kirshaw was chosen by the major part of the parishioners ; several bills were now filed in Chancery, where at length it was ordered that the trustees should fill up their number to twenty-five, which was done, and Mr. Kirshaw was re-elected and inducted in 1751. At the close of this long contest, the disappointed candidate, Mr. Scott, gave vent to his feelings by an angry and injudicious pamphlet, which was answered in a strain of cool and sarcastic humour by Mr. Fawcett, afterwards minister of St. John's, to whom the charge of the parish church had been committed during the seques- tration. The parish had great reason to be thankful for the decree of the Court of Chancery, and the subsequent conduct of the electors. Through the remainder of a long life, Dr. Kir- shaw devoted himself to the duties of his position with great assiduity, and died, much regretted, at the age of eighty, November 1st, 1786.* He was also rector of Ripley, where, during a summer residence of four months, he annually visited, at their own houses, every family in a parish of no inconsider- * We understand that John Smith, Esq., the banker, has a fine oil-paint portrait of the Rev. S. Kirshaw, D.D., formerly vicar of Leeds. N.B. — We shordd like to see a full collection of Portraits, &c. , of all the most celebrated "Worthies of Leeds and Neighbourhood," got together by some gentleman BENJAMIN WILSON, ESQ., F.R.S. 185 able extent.'"' He was interred beneath the communion-table of the parish church, Leeds. The truly classical epitaph, written by his son, aud inscribed on a mural monument in the choir, has the additional merit of speaking the language of truth, as well as of affection. — For his pedigree and other particulars, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, pp. 22, 36, &c. ; Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 360, &c; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. iii., p. 757, &c. 1720—1788. BENJAMIN WILSON, ESQ., F.R.S., A celebrated painter, born at Leeds about 1720. Having shown some talent for drawing, he was sent to London when young, and was recommended to Dr. Berdmore, master of the Charter-house, who took him under his protection. It is uncer- tain whether he was regularly educated in the art, but by his natural disposition and assiduous application, he became a very reputable painter of portraits. He was among the first of the portrait painters of his time who endeavoured to introduce a better style of relief and of the chiar-oscuro into his pictures, and his heads are coloured with more warmth and nature than those of the generality of his contemporaries. About the year 1773 he was appointed master-painter to the Board of Ordnance, which he retained till a few years before his death. He was particularly distinguished for his etchingst in imitation of Rembrandt, which are said to have completely deceived the connoisseurs of that day. The celebrated painting of the Raising of Jairuss Daughter, valued at £500, is an honourable proof both of his abilities as an artist, and of his generosity; it being now in the board-room of the Leeds General Infirmary. He was also pre-eminent amongst the men of science of his day, not only for the extent of his scientific attainments, but who has not only the will but also the means, and presented to some of our public institutions; — exempli gratia, the political ones might go to the Town Hall; the literary and philosophical, to the Museum of the Literary and Philosophical Society ; aud the vicars and clergy, to the Church Institute, &c. * Dr. Kirshaw was the author of two papers in the Philosophical Trans- actions: — An Account of two Pigs of Lead found near Ripley, vol. xli., p. 560; and An Account of a Thunder and Lightning Storm, by which Mr. Huntley, of Harrogate, was Killed, September 29th, 1772, vol. lxiii., p. 177, &c. 1" There are several etchings by this artist, among which are the following : — An old man's head, with a hat and feather, and a ruff; in imitation of Rembrandt. A small landscape, lengthways; in imitation of the sam<> master. Flis own portrait, in a wig, with very little drapery. A i-<>arse etching of The Repeal. It was published upon the repeal of the American Stamp Act, and contains the portraits of the leading men of the ministerial party. — See Bryan's Biographical Dictionary of Painters, vol. ii., p. 012, &c. 186 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. also for the originality of his views. His contributions to the science of electricity procured for the humble painter of Boar Lane the unsolicited honour of being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society: an honour conferred, at that time, with strict impartiality and discrimination. He died at his house in Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London, June 6th, 1788. — For a long list of his papers contributed to the Philosophical Trans- actions, see Gentleman s Magazine for 1788, p. 656. See also several articles in the Leeds Mercury for October, 1832, on Intellectual Epochs in Leeds. 3707—1788. THE REV. SIR WILLIAM LOWTHER, BART., M.A., Rector of Swillington, near Leeds, was born July 10th, 1707, and was the son of Christopher Lowthei', younger brother of Sir William Lowther, M.P. for Pontefract, who was created a baronet in 1715; married Annabella, daughter of Lord May- nard, and had issue Sir William Lowther, Bart., also M.P. for Pontefract, who died in December, 1763, without issue; when the title became extinct, his brothers having died. This Rev. William procured a fresh patent of baronetage, dated August 22nd, 1764; married in August, 1753, Anne, eldest daughter of the Rev. Charles Zouch, vicar of Sandal, near Wakefield, and had issue Sir William Lowther, Bart., born December 29th, 1757; married July 15th, 1781, Lady Anne Fane, daughter of John, ninth Earl of Westmoreland; M.P. for Carlisle, 1780; for Cumberland, 1784; for Rutland, 1796; and on the death of James, late Earl of Lonsdale, in May, 1802, succeeded him as second Viscount Lowther. On April 4th, 1807, he was created Earl of Lonsdale, and about the same time elected K.G., &c.* In Swillington church, near Leeds, there is a monument to the above, with the following inscription : — "Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Sir Win. Lowther, Bart., prebendary of the cathedral church of York, and rector of this parish. In all the relative duties of life truly exemplary; without pride, without osten- tation; modest and unaspiring in his desires; of excellent understanding and sound judgment; graced with all the noblest acquirements of learning, and distinguished by that urbanity of manners which adorns the accomplished scholar: the benign cheerfulness of his aspect shone forth a silent testimony of the inward serenity of his mind. He died, full of the blessings of * See also Sir William Lowther, who died in 1705, p. 119 ; and also the Earl's younger brother, Sir John Lowther, who was created, a ba.rouet iu 1824, and died in 1S44. JOHN BERKENHOUT, ESQ., M.D. 187 a virtuous life, full of the hopes of a happy immortality, June loth, 1788, aged eighty-one years." — For pedigree and other particulars, see the Peerages and Baronetages; Dr. Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 260, &c. 1731-1791.* JOHN BEEKENHOUT, ESQ., M.D., A celebrated naturalist and miscellaneous "writer, was bom at Leeds in 1731, and was educated in the Leeds Grammar School. His father, who was a merchant, and a native of Holland, intended him for the mercantile profession ; and with that view sent him at an early age to Germany, in order to learn foreign languages. After continuing a few years in that country, he made the tour of Europe in company with one or more English noblemen. On their return to Germany they visited Berlin, where Mr. Berkenhout met with a near relation of his father's, the Baron de Bielfeldt, a nobleman then in high estimation with Frederic the Great, king of Prussia; distinguished as one of the founders of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin, and universally known as a politician and a man of letters. With this relation our young traveller fixed his abode for some time; and, regardless of his original destination, became a cadet * — 1791-2, Mr. Reuben Burrow, a zealous and well-known mathematician, was bom at Hoberly, near Leeds. His father, who occupied a small farm, was not in circumstances to afford him a better education than reading and writing : when about fifteen or sixteen years of age, however, he went for a short time to a school in Leeds, where he made rapid progress in algebra, geometry, and mensuration. A friend in London having engaged to procure for him the situation of clerk to a timber merchant, Reuben, in his eighteenth year, left Yorkshire, and in less than four days completed the journey to London, principally, if not all the way, on foot; his whole expense, it is said, amounted to no more than one shilling and tenpence/ He continued Mith the timber merchant a year, and then engaged himself as an usher to Benjamin Webb, the celebrated writing-master, in Bimhill Row. It was not long, however, before he commenced master himself, and set up a school at Ports- mouth; but as it failed to answer his expectations, he returned to London. His next situation was that of assistant to Dr. Maskelyne, at the Royal Obser- vatory, Greenwich; here he continued about two years, and then, in conse- quence of his marriage, left the doctor; but, in 1774, was sent with him to assist in making the observations at the mountain Schiehallion : and soon after he returned from Scotland, his friend and patron, Colonel Henry Wal son (himself an able mathematician), procured him the appointment of mathematical master at the drawing-room in the Tower. He now compiled the Lady's and Gentleman's Diary, Poor Robin, and some other almanacs, sold by Carnan, in St. Paul's Churcbyard. In 1770 he published a Rcstitutimi oj the Geometrical Treatise of Apollonius Pergceus on Inclinations; also, The Theory of Gunnery ; or, the Doctrine of Projectiles in a NoTwesistvng Medium, 4to. These are strongly marked with originality in geometrical construction. In 1782 he embarked for the East Indies, at the request of Colonel Watson, who thought he might exercise his abilities to much more advantage in that country than he could in England, His first employment after ho arrived at 188 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. in a Prussian regiment of foot. He soon obtained an ensign's commission ; and, in the space of a few years, was advanced to the rank of a captain. He quitted the Prussian service on the declaration of war between England and France in 1756, and was honoured with the command of a company in the service of his native country. When peace was concluded in 1760, he went to Edinburgh, and commenced the study of physic. During his residence at that university, he compiled his Clavis Anglica Linguae Botanicce — a book of singular utility to all students of botany, and at that time the only botanical lexicon in our language, and particularly expletive of the Linnsean system. It was not, however, published until 1764-5. Having continued some years at Edinburgh, Mr. Berkenhout went to the University of Leyden, where he took the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1765, as we learn from his Dissertatio Medico, inauguralis de Podagra, dedicated to his relation, the Baron de Bielfeldt. Returning to England, Dr. Berkenhout settled at Isleworth in Middlesex, and in 1766 published Ins Pharma- copoeia Medici, 12mo., the third edition of which was printed in 1782. In 1769 he published Outlines of the Natural History Calcutta was private teaching ; this we learn from a paragraph which appeared in one of the English newspapers, stating that a Cashmerean, one of Mr. Burrow's pupils, who understood English, "was translating Newton's Principia into Persian" ! Besides Colonel Watson, he soon reckoned the late Sir W. Jones, Colonel Wilf ord, &c. , among his intimate friends, who recom- mended him to Mr. Hastings, and he was made mathematical master to the corps of engineers. He now became one of the first members of the Asiatic Society, and a contributor to their Transactions. He is also supposed to have been the first European who discovered algebra among the Hindoos. In 1787 the East India Company came to a resolution that a trigonometrical survey, similar to that carried on in England under the direction of General Roy, should commence on the coast of Coromandel, or somewhere in Bengal— this has since taken place under the direction of Major Lambton — and it was generally supposed that the execution of this business would have been com- mitted to Mr. Burrow ; but the instruments intended for that purpose were not ready, and it appears from the papers of Major Lambton, in the Asiatic Researclies, that they were not sent from England till about 1800 or 1802 ; this must have been a great disappointment to a person of Mr. Burrow's zeal in the pursuit of mathematical knowledge. It did not, however, deter him from commencing the operation; accordingly we find that in 1790 he began near a place called Cawkselly, in lat. 23° 28' 7" N., hag. 5h. 53 m. 18 sec. E., and actually measured a distance of 212,670 feet (about 40 miles) on the parallel of that latitude : the corresponding difference of longitude he found by going twelve or thirteen times from one extremity of the measured line to the other, with four of Arnold's and Earnshaw's chrono- meters; the mean result he puts down at 2 m. 32s., which gives 55,989 fathoms for a degree of longitude in tat. 23° 28' N. In the following year he determined the length of a degree on the meridian in lost. 23° 18' N. A distance of 411,004 feet on the meridian was actually measured with rods (not computed trigonometrically), and the corresponding difference of latitude found to be 1° 7' 55", making 60,457 fathoms for a degree. A mean of 59 189 of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. i. ; vol. ii. appeared in 1770, and vol. iii. in 1771. The encouragement this work met with afforded at least a proof that something of the kind was wanted. The three volumes were reprinted together in 1773, and in 1778 were again published in 2 vols., 8vo., under the title of Synopsis of the Natural History of Great Britain, ike. In 1771, he published Dr. Cadogan's Dissertation on the Gout exa- mined and refuted; and in 1777, Biographia Literarxa; or, a Biographical History of Literature; containing the Lives of English, Scotch, and Irish authors, from the dawn of Letters in these kingdoms to the present time, chronologically and classi- cally arranged, 4to., vol. i., the only volume which appeared. This volume contains the authors who lived from the beginning of the fifth to the end of the sixteenth century. In a very- long preface, dated from Richmond, in Surrey, the author pro- mises his readers a second, third, and fourth volume, but they never made their appearance. The hives are very short, and the author occasionally introduces sentiments hostile to religious establishments aud doctrines, which could not be veiy acceptable to English readers. The dates and facts, however, are given with great accuracy, and in many of the lives he profited by the assistance of George Steevens, Esq., the celebrated commentator latitudes was taken at one extremity of the measured arc, and a mean of 131 at the other. These latitudes were observed with an astronomical quadrant, one foot radius, by Kamsden, and for measuring his rods he had one of Eamsden's fifty feet steel chains of the new construction. A detail of these operations was intended for the Asiatic Researches, hut Mr. Burrow died the year following, and therefore we have reason to suppose that he was prevented by illness from arranging the result of his labours for the press. In 1796, however, A Short Account of the late Mr. Burrow's Measurement of a Degree of Longitude, and mi', titer of Latitude, near the Tropic in Bengal, in the years 1790-1, was published by his friend Mr. Dalby, who collected the materials from some papers which Mr. Burrow left him at his decease ; and it appears from this publication (a thin 4to., from which these particulars were originally extracted), that the axes of an ellipsoid determined from these measurements have veiy nearly the same ratio as the axes of the earth according to Newton. Mr. Burrow certainly possessed strong natural abilities; but bis attainments were not confined to the mathematics: he could read and translate Latin. French, and Italian, with facility; and he made considerable progress in Arabic and Persian after he left England. His disposition was rather con- vivial, and he bad a ready fonack at'writing burlesque and doggerel verse ; two or three specimens of the kind, in ridicule of Captain Robert Heath (\vh<> pub- lished the Royal Astronomer and Navigator, &c), appeared before he left and- His form was athletic, and countenance expressive, with a pene- ti'atm ut the graces had been somewhat neglected, and he pose of the suaviter in mod of the fortiter in re. His papers in the .1. iatic Researches an — On Friction in Mechanics; On Calculating tht Moon's Parallaxes; On Artificial Horizons; On the Intersections of Cv. I tree- turn of Lunar Observations, in voL i. On the Cases mi Deducing the Longir in,/,, ",!•,-. ,■ Observations oj Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites; On tin Hindoo mial Theorem, in vol. ii.— See the New Monthly Magazine, &c. 190 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. on Shakspeare. This was followed by A Treatise on Hysterical Diseases, translated from the French. In 1778 he was sent by Government with certain commissioners to treat with America, but neither the commissioners nor their secretary were suffered by the Congress to proceed further than New York. Dr. Berkenhout, however, found means to penetrate as far as Philadelphia, where the Congress was then assembled. He appears to have remained in that city for some time without molestation; but at last, on suspicion that he was sent by Lord North for the purpose of tampering with some of their leading members, he was seized and committed to prison. How long he remained a state prisoner, or by what means he obtained his liberty, we are not informed ; but we find from the public prints that he rejoined the commissioners at New York, and returned with them to England. For this temporary sacrifice of the emoluments of his profession, and in consideration of political services, he obtained a pension. In 1780, he published his Lucubrations on Ways and Means, inscribed to Lord North, proposing certain taxes, some of which were adopted by that minister, and some afterwards by Mr. Pitt. Dr. Berkenhout's friends at that time appear to have taken some pains to point him out as an inventor of taxes. His next work was An Essay on the Bite of a Mad Dog ; in which the claim to infallibility of the principal preservative remedies against hydrophobia is examined. In the year following, Dr. Berkenhout published his Symptomatology: a book which is too universally known to require any recommendation. In 1788 appeared First Lines of the Theory and Practice of Philosophical Chemistry, dedicated to Mr. Eden, afterwards Lord Auckland, whom the doctor accompanied to America. Of this book it is sufficient to say, that it exhibits a satisfactory display of the state of chemistry at that time. In 1779 he published a continuation of Dr. Campbell's Lives of the Admirals, 4 vols., 8vo. ; and once printed Proposals for a History of Middlesex, including London, 4 vols., folio, which, as the design dropt, were never circulated. His last publication was Letters on Education, to his Son at Oxford, 1791, 2 vols., 12mo. There is also reason to suppose him the author of certain humorous publications, in prose and verse, to which he did not think fit to prefix his name, and of a translation from the Swedish language of the celebrated Count Tessin's Letters to the late King of Sweden. It is dedicated to the Prince of Wales, afterwards King George the Third; and was, we believe, Mr. Berkenhout's first publication. He died on the 3rd of April, 1791, aged sixty years. Dr. Bei'kenkout 191 was one of the greatest ornaments to his native town; and when we reflect on the variety of books that bear his name, we cannot but be surprised at the extent and variety of the know- ledge they contain. His knowledge was acquired not only by study, but by the variety of circumstances in which he was placed. He was originally intended for a merchant ; thence his knowledge of the principles of commerce. He was some years in one of the best disciplined armies in Europe; thence his knowledge of the art of war. His translation of Count Tessin's Letters shows him to have been well acquainted with the Swedish language, and that he was a good poet. His Pharma- copoeia Medici, &c, demonstrate his skill in his profession. His Outlines of Natural History, and his Botanical Lexicon, prove his knowledge in every branch of natural history. His First Lines of Philosophical Chemistry have convinced the world of his intimate acquaintance with that science. His Essay on Ways and Means proves him well acquainted with the system of taxation. His Biographia Literaria, and all his writings, prove him to have been a classical scholar; and it is known that the Italian, French, German, and Dutch languages were familiar to him. He was moreover a painter; and played well, it is said, on various musical instruments. To these acquirements may be added a considerable degree of mathematical knowledge, which he attained in the course of his military studies. An individual so universally informed as Dr. Berkenhout, is an extraordinary appearance in the republic of letters. His works, published at different times, on history, literature, biography, medicine, and chemistry, comprise nineteen volumes. In his character, which, we believe, was published in his lifetime, there is the evident hand of a friend. Dr. Berkenhout, however, may be allowed to have been an ingenious and well-informed man, but as an author he ranks among the useful rather than the original; and the comparisons of his friends between him and the "admirable Crichton" are, to say the least, rather injudicious. — For further information, see European Magazine, 1788, vol. xiv. ; Cunningham's Lives, vol. xi. ; Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lxi. ; Hutchinson's Medical Biography ; Parsons' History of Leeds; the Biographical Dictionaries of Chalmers, Gorton, Knight, Rose, Watkius, &c. 1724-1792. JOHN SMEATON, ESQ., F.E.S., A very celebrated mechanic and civil engineer, was born in 1724 May 28th, according to Chalmers, &c, but according to hifi 192 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. monument on the 8th of June), at Ansthorpe, near Leeds, in a house built by his grandfather, and long afterwards inhabited by his family. From his early childhood he discovered a strong propensity to fhe arts in which he afterwards excelled; was more delighted in talking with workmen than in playing with other boys; and surprised or occasionally alarmed his friends by mechanical efforts disproportioned to his years; sometimes being at the summit of a building, to erect a kind of mill, and sometimes at the side of a well, employed in the construction of a pump." When he was about fourteen or fifteen he had con- structed a lathe to turn rose-work, and presented many of his friends with specimens of its operation in wood and ivory. "In the year 1742," says one of his earliest biographers, "I spent a month at his fathei*'s house; and being intended myself for a mechanical employment, and a few years younger than he was, I could not but view his works with astonishment. He forged his iron and steel, and melted his metal; he had tools of every sort for working in wood, ivory, and metals. He had made a lathe by which he had cut a perpetual screw in brass— a thing little known at that day, and which, I believe, was the invention of Mr. Henry Hindley, of York, who was a man of the most communicative disposition, a great lover of mechanics, and of the most fertile genius. Mr. Smeaton soon became acquainted with him, and spent many a night at Mr. Hindley's house till daylight, conversing on those subjects." The father of Mr. Smeaton was an attorney, and wished to bring him up to the same profession. Mr. Smeaton, therefore, went up to London in 1742, and attended the courts in "Westminster Hall; but finding that the law did not suit the bent of his genius, he wrote a strong memorial on the subject to his father, who had the good sense to allow him from that time to pursue the path which nature pointed for him. Early in 1750 he had lodgings in Great Turnstile, Holborn, and was commencing the business of a mathematical instrument maker. In 1751 he invented a machine to measure a ship's way at sea, and a compass of peculiar construction, touched by Dr. Knight's artificial mag- nets; and made two voyages with Dr. Knight to ascertain the merit of his contrivances. In 1753 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and the number of his papers inserted in * At a proper age the boy was sent to school at Leeds, which then possessed, as it still does, the great advantage of an excellent Free Grammar School. At which school Smeaton is supposed to have received the best part of his school instruction ; and it is said that his progress in geometry and arithmetic was very decided. JOHN 3-SIEATON', ESQ., F.R.S. 193 the Transactions of that body sufficiently evince how highly he deserved that distinction. In 1759 he received, by a unanimous vote, the Copley gold medal for his curious paper, entitled, An Experimental Inquiry concerning the Natural Poioers of Wind and Water to turn Mills and other MacJoines depending on a Circular Motion. This paper, he says, was the result of experiments made on working models in 1752-3, but not communicated to the Society till 1759; before which time he had not an opportunity of putting the effect of these experi- ments into real practice, in a variety of cases and for various purposes, so as to assure the Society that he had found them to answer. These experiments discovered that wind and water could be made to do one-third more than was before known, and they were made, we may observe, in his twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth years. In 1754 he visited Holland and the Netherlands; and the acquaintance he thus obtained with the construction of embankments, artificial navigations, and similar works, probably formed an important part of his engineering education.""" In December, 1752, the Eddystone Lighthouse was burned down, and Mr. Sineaton was recommended to the proprietor by Lord Macclesfield, then president of the Royal Society, as the person best qualified to rebuild it. This great work he undertook immediately, and completed it in the summer of 1759. An ample and most interesting account is given of the whole transaction in a folio volume published by himself in 179 1, entitled, " A Narrative of the Building, and a Description of the Construction, of the Eddystone Lighthouse with Stone; to which is subjoined an Appendix, giving some Account of the Lighthouse on the Spurn Point, built upon a Sand; by John Smeaton, Civil Engineer, F.R.S." This publication may be con- sidered as containing an accurate history of four years of his life, in which the originality of his genius, with his great alacrity, industry, and perseverance, are fully displayed. It contains also an account of the former edifices constructed in that place, and is made, by the ingenuity of the writer, an entertaining as well as an instructive work. This volume is of great and permanent interest, detailing in the most minute am! ; Bid harbours open, public ways extend ; Bid temples, worthier of God, ascend ; Bid the broad arch the dang'rous flood contain, The mole projected, break the roaring main; Back to its bounds their subject sea command, And roll obedient rivers through the land. These honours, peace to happy Britain brings; These are imperial works, and worthy kings." I'ny; N 194 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. simple manner every circumstance worthy of record concerning the history or the construction of the lighthouse. It is dedi- cated to George III., who had taken much interest in the structure ; and in the dedication, in explaining the circumstances which had deferred the appearance of the Narrative so long after the completion of the building, the author observes — " I can with truth say, I have ever since been employed in works tending to the immediate benefit of your Majesty's subjects; and indeed so unremittingly, that it is not without the greatest exertion that I am enabled even now to complete the publica- tion." His building the Eddystone Lighthouse, were there no other monument of his fame, would establish his character. The Eddystone Rocks have obtained their name from the great variety of contrary sets of the tide or current in their vicinity. They are situated nearly S.S.W. from the middle of Plymouth Sound. Their distance from the port of Plymouth is about fourteen miles. They are almost in the line which joins the Start and the Lizard points; and as they lie nearly in the direction of vessels coasting up and down the Channel, they were unavoidably, before the establishment of a lighthouse there, very dangerous, and often fatal to ships. Their situation with regard to the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic is such, that they lie open to the swells of the bay and ocean, from all the south-western points of the compass; so that all the heavy seas from the south-west quarter come uncontrolled upon the Eddystone Rocks, and break upon them with the utmost fury. Sometimes, when the sea is to all appearance smooth and even, and its surface unruffled by the slightest breeze, the ground-swell meeting the slope of the rocks, the sea beats upon them in a frightful manner, so as not only to obstruct any work being done on the rock, or even landing upon it, when, figuratively speaking, you might go to sea in a walnut-shell. That circumstances fraught with danger sur- rounding it should lead mariners to wish for a lighthouse, is not wonderful; but the danger attending the erection leads us to wonder that any one could be found hardy enough to undertake it. Such a man was first found in the person of Mr. H. Win- stanley, who, in 1696, was furnished by the Trinity House with the necessary powers. In 1700 it was finished; but in the great storm of November, 1703, it was destroyed, and the pro- jector perished in the ruins. In 1709 another, upon a different construction, was erected by a Mr. Rudyerd,* which, in 1755, * An anecdote is told of a circumstance which occurred during its erection, so creditable to Louis XIV., then king of France, that it is repeated here. JOHN SMEATON', ESQ., F.K.S. 195 was unfortunately consumed by lire. The next building was under the direction of Mr. Snieaton, who, having considered the errors of the former constructions, has judiciously guarded against them, aud erected a building, the demolition of which seems little to be dreaded, unless the rock on which it is erected should perish with it. The cutting of the rock for the founda- tion of the building was commenced on the 5th of August, 1756 ; the first stone was landed upon the rock June 12th, 1757; the building was finished on the 9th of October, 1759, and the lantern lighted for the first time on the 16th. During this time there were 421 days' work done upon the rock." But although Mr. Smeaton completed the building of the Eddystone Lighthouse in a manner that did him so much credit, it does not appear that he soon got into full business as a civil engineer; for in 1764, while he was in Yorkshire, he offered himself a candidate for the place of one of the receivers of the Derwent- water estate. This place was conferred upon him at a full board in Greenwich Hospital, the last day of the same year, notwithstanding a powerful opposition. He was very service- able in it, by improving the mills and the estates belonging to the hospital; but in 1775 his private business was so much increased that he wished to resign, though he was prevailed upon to hold it two years longer. He was now concerned in many important public works. He made the river Calder navigable: a work that required great skill and judgment, on account of the very impetuous floods to which that river is liable. He planned and superintended the execution of the great canal in Scotland, which joins the two seas, from the Forth to the Clyde. To his skill, in all probability, the pre- servation of old London Bridge for many years was attributable. In 1761, in consequence of alterations made for the improve- ment of the navigation, one of the piers was undermined by There being war at the time between France and England, a French privateer took the opportunity of one day seizing the men employed upon the rock, and carrying them off prisoners to France. But the capture coming to the ears of the king, he immediately ordered that the prisoners should be released and sent back to their work with presents, declaring that, though he was at war with England, he was not at war with mankind; and, moreover, that the Ivldystone Lighthouse was so situated as to be of equal service to all nations having occasion to navigate the channel that divided France from England. — See Smeaton's Narrative, p. 28, Sec. * The last mason's work done was the cutting out of the words " / Deo" (Praise to God), upon the last stone set over the door of the lantern. Round the upper store-room, upon the course under the ceiling, had been cut at an earlier period, "Except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain that build it." — Psalm exxvii. 1. 19G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. the stream to a fearful extent. The bridge was considered in such danger that no one would venture to pass over it; and the engineers were perplexed. An express was therefore sent to Yorkshire for Smeaton, who immediately sunk a great quantity of stones about the endangered pier, and thereby preserved it. In 1771 he became joint proprietor, with his friend Mr. Holmes, of the works for supplying Greenwich and Deptford with water — an undertaking which they succeeded in making useful to the public and beneficial to the proprietors, which it had never been before. Mr. Smeaton, in the course of his employments, con- structed a vast vaxiety of mills, to the entire satisfaction and great advantage of the owners; and he improved whatever he took under his consideration of the mechanical or philosophical kind. Among many instances of this, Ave may mention his improvements in the air-pump, the pyrometer, the hygrometer, and the steam-engine. He was constantly consulted in parlia- ment, and frequently in the courts of law, on difficult questions of science; and his strength of judgment, perspicuity of expres- sion, and strict integrity, always appeared on those occasions to the highest advantage. The Spurn Lighthouse at the mouth of the Humber, some important bridges in Scotland, and many other works of like character, might also be mentioned. About 1785, finding his health beginning to decline, Mr. Smeaton wished as much as possible to withdraw himself from business, and to employ his leisure in drawing up and publishing an account of his principal inventions and works. His Narrative of the Eddystone Lighthouse, already mentioned, was a part of this design, and the only part which he was able to complete. It was to have been followed by a Treatise on Mills, and other works, embodying his valuable experience as an engineer. Notwithstanding his wish to retire from business, he could not resist the solicitation of his friend Mr. Aubert, then chairman of the trustees for Eamsgate hai'bour, to accept the place of engineer to that harbour; and the improvements actually made, as well as his report pubbshed by the trustees in 1791, evince the attention which he paid to that important business. This harbour, being enclosed by two piers of about 2,000 and 1,500 feet long respectively, affords a safe refuge for ships, where it was much needed ; vessels in the Downs having been exposed to imminent risk, during bad weather, before it was constructed. On the 16th of September, 1792, Mr. Smeaton was suddenly struck with paralysis as he was walking in his garden at Austhorpe, and remaining in a very infirm state, though in full possession of his faculties, died on the 28th of JOHN SMEATON, ESQ., F.R.S. 197 the ensuing month. The character of this celebrated engineer may properly be given in the words of his friend Mr. Holmes: — " Mr. Smeaton had a warmth of expression that might appear to those who did not know him to border on harshness; but those more intimately acquainted with him knew it arose from the intense application of his mind, which was always in the pursuit of truth, or engaged in investigating difficult subjects. He would sometimes break out hastily, when anything was said that did not tally with his ideas; and he would not give up anything he argued for, till his mind was convinced by sound reasoning. In all the social duties of life he was exemplary; he was a most affectionate husband, a good father, a warm, zealous, and sincere friend, always ready to assist those he respected, and often before it was pointed out to him in what way he could serve them. He was a lover and encourager of merit, wherever he found it; and many men are in a great measure indebted for their present situation to his assistance and advice. As a companion he was always entertaining and instruc- tive; and none could spend their time in his company without improvement. As a man (adds Mr. Holmes), I always admired and respected him, and his memory will ever be most dear to me." A second edition of his Narrative of the Eddystone Avas published in 1793, under the revisal of his friend Mr. Aubert, but without any addition. The papers of Mr. Smeaton were purchased of his executors by Sir Joseph Banks, under the voluntary promise of accounting to them for the profits of whatever should be published. Accordingly, under the inspec- tion of a Society of Civil Engineers, founded originally by Mr. Smeaton, three -ito. volumes of his Reports were published in 1797, &c, with a Life prefixed; but the work was not com- pleted until 1812, when a fourth was added, consisting of his miscellaneous papers communicated to the Royal Society, ifcc. The society above alluded to is mentioned in the first volume of the Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers, as still ting. The introduction to this volume contains a high eulogium mi the talent of Smeaton as an engineer. Alluding to the Eddystone Lighthouse, it observes: — "This, Smeaton's first work, was also his greatest; probably, the time and all tilings considered, it was the most arduous undertaking that has fallen to any engineer, and none was ever more successfully executed.* And now, having been buffeted by the storms of * It is truly observed by the late Lord Ellesniere, in lii^ Essays on Engineering, that bloody battles have been won, and campaigns conducted to a successful Issue, with less "f personal exposure to physical danger on the 198 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. nearly eighty [now (18G5) upwards of a hundred] years, the Eddystone stands unmoved as the rock it is built on — a proud monument to its great author. Buildings of the same kind have been executed since, but it should always be borne in mind who taught the first great lesson, and recorded the pro- gressive steps with a modesty and simplicity that may well be held up as models for similar writings. His Reports are entitled to equal praise; they are a mine of wealth for the sound prin- ciples which they unfold, and the able practice they exemplify, both alike based on close observation of the operations of nature, and affording many fine examples of cautious sagacity in applying the instructions she gives, to the means within the reach of art." The debiberation and caution always exercised in the works of Smeaton are well worthy of imitation; and to these may be attributed the almost unexampled success of his undertakings. Smeaton also introduced many improvements in mathematical apparatus, and had an ardent love for science. He was particularly attached to astronomy, and had an obser- vatory at Austhorpe, near Leeds, where, even during the most active part of his career, he occasionally resided.* In person he was of middle stature, broad and strong made, and of good constitution. His manners were simple and unassuming; his temper was warm, but not overbearing ; and his social character unimpeachable. Very little is recorded of his private history; but his daughter, Mary Dixon,t in a letter prefixed to his part of the commander-in-chief than was constantly encountered by Smeaton during the greater part of those years in which the lighthouse was in course of erection. In all works of danger he himself led the way — was the first to spring upon the rock, and the last to leave it ; and by his own example he inspired with courage the humble workmen engaged in carrying out his plans, who, like himself, were unaccustomed to the special terrors of the scene. * During many years of his life, Mr. Smeaton was a constant attendant on parliament, his opinion being continually called for. And here his natural strength of judgment and perspicuity of expression had their full display. It was his constant practice, when applied to, to plan or support any measure, to make himself fully acquainted with it, and be convinced of its merits, before he would be concerned in it. By this caution, joined to the clearness of his description and the integrity of his heart, he seldom failed having the bill he supported carried into an act of parliament. No person was heard with more attention, nor had any one ever more confidence placed in his testimony. In the courts of law he had several compliments paid to him from the bench, by the late Lord Mansfield and others, on account of the new light he threw upon difficult subjects. ■f* She was the wife of Jeremiah Dixon, Esq., mayor of Leeds in 1784, afterwards of Fell Foot, Windermere, and an active county magistrate. She possessed much of the force of character and benevolence of disposition which distinguished her father ; and was regarded as a woman of great practical ability. She survived her husband many years, and during her lifetime built and endowed a free school for girls at Staveley, about a mile JOHN SMEATOX, ESQ., F.R.S. 199 Reports, gives a pleasing account of his chai-acter as a husband, parent, and friend. He was by no means grasping or avaricious, as many anecdotes related of him seem to show.* The inscrip- tion on the monument in Whitkirk church, near Leeds, to this celebrated man, is as follows: — " Sacred to the memory of John Smeaton, F.R.S., a man whom God had endowed with the most extraordinary abilities, which he indefatigably exerted for the benefit of mankind, in works of science and philosophical research; more especially as an engineer and mechanic. His principal work, the Eddystone Lighthouse, erected on a rock in the open sea (where one had been washed away by the violence of a storm, and another had been consumed by the rage of fire), secure in its own stability and the wise precautions for its safety, seems not unlikely to convey to distant ages, as it does to every nation of the globe, the name of its constructor. He was born at Austhorpe, June 8th, 1724, and departed this life October 28th, 1792. t Mt. 68."— For additional information, see from her residence, which is now, and has been ever since its establishment, of very great benefit to the population of the neighbourhood. Mrs. Dixon was also an artist of some merit, and painted in oils; the altar-piece and decorated Ten Commandments now in Staveley church being of her execution. * The maxim which governed his life was, that "the abilities of the individual were a debt due to the common stock of public well-being." This high-minded principle, on which he faithfully acted, kept him free from sordid self-aggrandisement, and he had no difficulty in resisting the most tempting offers which were made to attract him from his own settled course. When pressed on one occasion to undertake some new business, and the pro- spect of a lucrative recompense was held out to him, he called in the old woman who took charge of his chambers at Gray's Inn, and, pointing to her, said, " Her attendance suffices for all my wants." If urgently called by duty, he was ready with his help ; but he would not be bought. "When the Princess (Daschkov) Dashkoff urged him to go to Russia and enter the service of the Empress Catherine, she held out to him very tempting promises of reward- even his own terms. But he refused : no money would induce him to leave his home, his friends, and his pursuits in England; and, though not rich, he had enough and to spare. "Sir," exclaimed the Princess, unable to withhold her admiration, " I honour you! you may have your equal in abilities, per- haps ; but in character you stand alone. The English minister, Sir Robert Walpole, was mistaken, and my sovereign has the misfortune to find one man who has not his price." — See Smeaton's Ht/mrt.s, 1812, vol. L, p. 28, &c. f — 1790. John BOBNELL, ESQ., alderman, who served the office of lord mayor of London in the year 1788, and died on Monday, January 18th, 1790, in the eighty-fifth year of his age, at his house in Green Street, Leicester Square, London, was born at (Addle) Adel, near Leeds; served his appren- ticeship to a bricklayer at Hunslet, and at the expiration of Ids time went to London; where, by his industry and abilities, he* acquired a fortune of upwards of one hundred thousand pounds. He left a few legacies to some poor relations in this parish. —179:5. .John Lek, ESQ. (M.P. ), barristcr-at-law, member of parliament f or Higham Ferrers, and attorney-general of the count} palatine of Durham, wus a native of Leeds, and died at bis Beat, Staindrop, in the county oi Durham, after a tedious illness, August 5th, 17;i:''. hi the sixty-first year of 200 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. his Life prefixed to his Reports; Hutton's Dictionary ; Cun- ningham's Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen, part xi. ; Lighthouses and Harbours in Timbs's Stories of Inventors; Smiles's Lives of the Engineers, vol. ii. (with a fine portrait, and illustrations of his native district, the Eddystone Lighthouse, Ramsgate harbour, his house at Austhorpe, his burial-place and monumental tablet at Whitkirk) ; Lowndes's Bibliographer s Manual; the Biographical Dictionaries of Chalmers, Gorton, Knight, Rose, &c. ; and for pedigree, &c, see Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 130, &c. 1715-1792. THE RIGHT REV. CHRISTOPHER WILSON, D.D., Was the third son of Richard Wilson, Esq.,'"' the elder, recorder of Leeds, who died in April, 1761, aged eighty-three, and Anna, daughter of Christopher Lock wood, Esq., of Leeds. His eldest brother, Richard Wilson, jun., also became recorder of Leeds, and died, unmarried, in July, 1776, aged sixty-six. He was born March 22nd, 1715 ; and was educated at the Leeds Grammar School, and afterwards at Catherine Hall, Cam- bridge, where he took his B.A. in 1736; proceeded M.A. in 1740; became a Fellow; and was Proctor of the University in 1742-3. He occurs rector of Fulham, rector of Willingale his age. He had the honour of being promoted to the offices of solicitor- general and attorney-general to the king under the administrations of the Marquis of Rockingham and the Duke of Portland. Of his distinguished professional abilities it is unnecessary to speak ; they deservedly gained him a most extensive practice. To an accurate and a profound knowledge of the laws of his country, he added a more splendid accomplishment, a uniform integrity of conduct, which i:>eculiarly marked his character. Blessed with a memory uncommonly tenacious, he had diligently cultivated the ornamental parts of general literature. In his manners lie was mild and gentle, in his disposition open and ingenuous, in his demeanour humble and affable, and in the relative duties of society truly amiable. The writer of this paragraph knew him in the undress of life, when the artifices of forensic skill were laid aside. To soothe the pang of unavailing anguish, which his death occasioned, he offers this faint tribute of regard to the memory of his respected friend. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for August, 1793. * Richard Wilson, Esq., recorder of Leeds, son of Thomas Wilson, Esq., of Leeds, merchant, the representative of an ancient Yorkshire family (of which there is a copious pedigree in Dr. Whitaker's edition of Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 3), was born July 24th, 1678 ; elected recorder of Leeds in 1729 ; and dying April 7th, 1701, was succeeded as recorder by his eldest son, Richard, who died, unmarried, July 13th, 1770. The late Mr. Richard Wilson had several volumes of pedigrees, surveys of churches, &c, transcribed from Dodsworth by the Rev. W. Smith, rector of Melsonby; additions to Camden and Thoresby, &c, &c, which were afterwards in the possession of his brother and heir, Thomas Wilson, Esq. , of Leeds, who died in 1789, aged seventy-six years.— See Gough's Brit. Topoff., vol. ii., p. 410; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. v., p. 507, &c. THE RIGHT REV. CHRISTOPHER WILSON, D.D. 201 Spayne, in Essex, from 1744 to 1770; and vicar of Halstead, in the same county, from 1744 to 17GS — the former in the gift of the Crown, on the nomination of the Bishop of London, the latter in the gift of the Bishop of London absolutely; and was, in 1748, installed a prebendary of Westminster, which he resigned in 1758, on being made a canon residentiary of St. Paul's. He was afterwards prebendary of Finsbury, and rector of Barnes, in Surrey, which he held in commendam. He pub- lished a sermon delivered before the House of Peers, January .'51st, 1785, from Dan. v. 21; and, had he not been prevented by illness, would have been the preacher in course at the anniversary meeting of the Society for Propagating the Gospel in 1791. He also published a sermon from 1 Cor. xii. 21, preached January 30th, 1754, London, 4to. He married Anne, youngest daughter of the celebrated Dr. Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London; and he himself afterwards became Lord Bishop of Bristol (1783).'" His memory will endure in Leeds so long as St. Paul's church stands, for he gave the ground on which it was built. He died, April 18th, 1792, aged seventy-seven years. Bishop Wilson's life was of that undiversified tenour which dis- tinguishes churchmen who intermeddle little with politics, contro- versy, or literature. Exemplary was his conduct in every social claim upon character. His high office was sustained with suit- id 4e dignity; and the urbanity and intelligence of the gentleman and the scholar gave a finish to his domestic manners. They who look for the habitudes of life to influence the moment of dissolution may infer the best of his, for his serenity was * Another bishop (in addition to those already given), born in this neigh- bourhood, though more than two hundred years previous, was the Right Rev. Ralph Baynes, D.D. (—1559), who was born at Knostrop, near Leeds; edu- cated at St. John's College, Cambridge; proceeded B.A. in 1517-18, and was ordained priest at Ely, April 23rd, 1519, being then a Fellow of St. John's, on Bishop Fisher's foundation. He became M.A. in 1521; was constituted one of the university preachers in 1527, and was collated to the rectory of Hardwicke, in Cambridgeshire, which he resigned in 1544. He opposed Latimer at Cambridge, and in 1550 we find him disputing at Westminster on the Roman < 'atholic side. He afterwards went to Paris, and was professor of Hebrew in that university. He continued abroad till the accession of Mary, when lie returned to England, and on November 18th, 1554, was consecrated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, taking his D.D. at Cambridge in 1555. He took a prominent part in the persecution of the Protestants; and when Elizabeth ascended the throne was deprived of his bishopric, and imprisoned for non-compliance with the changes in religion which then ensued. He died of flie stone, at Islington, November 18th, 1559, and was buried in the church of Dunstan-in-the-West, London. He was one of the chief restorers of Hebrew learning in this country, and was also well versed in Latin and Greek. He published a Hcbrnn C niiiititu i\ and other works, at Paris, from 1550 to 1555.— For other particulars, see Fuller's Worthies; Fullers Church History Cooper's Athcn. Cantab.; Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 100, &e. 202 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. unruffled; and, not having lived to give pain to others, at the close of being he felt none himself. He had ordered a full and superb set of communion-plate, which he intended to present to the new church of St. Paul, in his episcopal city of Bristol. He left one son and five daughters ; and died extremely rich, having, as prebendary of Finsbury, made a most fortunate and lucrative contract for a lease with the city of London.* His eldest son, Richard, married Elizabeth, daughter of the Very Rev. Dr. Fountayne, dean of York, and thus became the father of Richard Fountayne Wilson, Esq., who was for some time member of parliament for York- shire, and to whom Leeds is indebted for the valuable piece of ground in front of the General Infirmary, and also for the extinction of small tithes. His third daughter, Mary, was married to the first Sir John Beckett, and thus became the mother of the second Sir John, Christopher, Sir Thomas, Richard, William, and Edmund — the latter of whom changed his name to Denison. Another of his daughters married the Rev. Mr. Disney, vicar of Halstead, Essex. — For pedigree and other particulars, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 3 ; Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. G3 ; Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii., p. 97; Gentleman s Magazine, 1792, p. 477; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. v., p. 507, &c. See also a Sketch of R. F. Wilson, Esq., M.P., who died in 1847. * The amazing improvement in the prebendal manor of Finsbury is worthy of notice (for a long account of which, see Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. ix., pp. 520-24). The history of the church affords but few instances of such an increase of value ; and still fewer of its individuals that have amassed such an immense fortune from such slender means — a life interest of only £39 13s. 4d. a year. It may be said, such opportunities seldom occur; but the merit of the man must not be forgotten, who was equal to the chance. He was an able calculator ; and possessed a persevering spirit, and a temper and manners of all others suited to soothe and harmonize the conten- tions of so fluctuating a body as the Corporation of London in nearly fifty years' intercourse. In tracing his benefits from authentic documents, it appears that he received more than £50,000 (clear of all deductions) in his lifetime, with- out the assistance of compound interest ; and he charged this estate in his will with legacies to the amount of £50,000 more, which, on the authority of his executors, has proved ample, and will leave a very large residue. The net division at Christmas, 1797, after all dediictions, was, to the Corporation, £3,646; to the heirs of Bishop Wilson, £2,431; to Dr. Apthorpe, the next prebendary, £1,215. Bishop Wilson was not the only one of his family whom fortune had favoured with her abundance ; for his brother equalled his suc- cess by early engaging in the Selby Navigation, and, growing wealthy in Yorkshire, showed his affectionate regard by pressing the doctor to take time and use precaution in agreeing to renew the lease, for he could and would support him. The brother died first, a bachelor ; the doctor died soon after, leaving a numerous offspring to inherit the great property of both. — See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, &c. LIEUTENANT C. H. NEVILE. 203 1775—1794.* LIEUTENANT C. H. NEVILE. " Eveiy man who falls in the service of his country," says Dr. Whitaker, "deserves more lasting remembrance than marble can bestow." On a neat tablet in the chancel of the Leeds parish church, there is the following inscription : — " Sacred to the memory of Charles Henry Nevile, lieutenant in the Queen's (or 2nd) Regiment of Foot, who, being on the marine duty on board Earl Howe's ship, after behaving in a most brave and gallant manner in the engagement which took place between the Eng- lish and French fleets for three days, was killed by a grape shot, June the 1st, 1794, aged nineteen years." "YE SONS OF PEACE, WHO BLEST WITH ALL THE DEAR DELIGHTS OF SOCIAL LIFE, BEHOLD THIS TABLET, WHICH AFFECTION REARED, TO THE LOV'D MEMORY OF THE YOUNG, THE BRAVE ; WHOSE EARLY BLOOM, SMOTE BY THE RUTHLESS HAND OF WAR, FELL, ADMIRED, LAMENTED ! OH! GIVE ONE PITYING TEAR, IN GRATEFUL MEMORY OF THE GENEROUS YOUTH, WHO DAUNTLESS MET THE DREADFUL BATTLE'S RAGE, AND NOBLY BLED, THAT YOU MIGHT LIVE SECURE." For pedigree, &c, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 184; Whitaker's Loidis, p. 338, &c. See also Gervase Revile (in this volume), who died in 1676, p. 107, &c. ; and the Note to Lieu- tenants Nevile, who died in 1799, p. 209, &c. * — 1794. Captain Henry Spencer, of the 53rd regiment, died in May, 1794, in the prime of life, in the island of Guadaloupe : a gallant officer and a worthy man, formerly of Bramley Grange, near Leeds. — 1 794. The Rev. "Guy Fairfax, of Newton Kyme, near Leeds, as he was performing divine service in his parish church, on Sunday evening. Sep- tember 7th, 1794, in apparent good health, fill back in the reading-desk, and instantly expired without a single groan ! It is doing very imperfect justice to his character to say, he was a man of the mildest and most amiable manners ; of the most distinguished benevolence, as unostentatious as it was diffusive; and such was the invariableness of his conduct, that his whole life, in what- ever point of view it might be contemplated, appeared but as one continued act of preparation for a better. Under these circumstances, severe as must be the affliction of his surviving family for the loss of so valuable a member of it; the manner, at least, of his death must be considered by them as a matter rather of consolation than regret. He was the fourth son of Thomas Fairfax, Esq., of Newtoj) Kyme, near Tadcaster, who was the only boh "f Robert Fairfax, Esq., of Xewton Kyme, vice-admiral of the Blue, M.I', for York, and its lord mayor in 1715, the memoraH. yeaT of il<> rising for Prince Charles. The Rev. Guy Fairfax married a daughter of tin Rev. John 204 BKXiRAFHIA LEODIENSIS. 1712—1795. FIRST LORD HAREWOOD, Formerly Edwin Lascelles, Esq., son of Henry Lascelles, Esq., of Harewood and Northallerton, which latter place he repre- sented in parliament, dying in 1745; succeeded his father, and was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Harewood of Harewood, on the 9th of July, 1790. He was baptized in February, 1712, and twice married, first in Januaiy, 1746, to Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir D'Arcy Dawes, Bart., who died at Bath, in August, 1764; secondly, in March, 1770, to Jane, daughter of W. Coleman, Esq., and Jane. Seymour, sister to the Duke of Somerset, who survived him. This nobleman having died, January 25th, 1795, without male issue, the title was extinguished ; but his lordship's estates descended to the eldest surviving son of his deceased uncle, Edward Lascelles, Esq., of Barbadoes, his cousin, who was created, on the 18th of June, 1796, Baron Harewood of Harewood, in the county of York; and advanced to a viscounty and earldom on the 7th of September, 1812, by the titles of Viscount Lascelles and Earl of Harewood. The baron's loss was greatly deplored, especially by the peasantry of Harewood, who, having often experienced his benevolence, considered him as a father.'"' The noble lord was interred at Hai'ewood, where there is a monu- ment erected to his honour. The family of Lascelles has been Kearney, D.D., by Henrietta, his wife, daughter of the Hon. and Rev. Henry Erydges, brother of James, Duke of Chandos, and had a daughter, Henrietta Catherine, married to the present Joseph Chamberlayne Chamber- layne, Esq., of Maugersbury House, Gloucestershire. His elder brother, John Fairfax, Esq., succeeded to the estates of Steeton and Newton Kyme, and was succeeded by his son, Thomas Loddington Fairfax, Esq., of Newton Kyme, born in 1770; married Theophania, daughter of James Ckaloner, Esq., of Guisborough, in this count}', and died July 1st, 1840, leaving three daughters and a son, his successor, the present Thomas Fairfax, Esq., of Newton Kyme, J. P. and deputy -lieutenant, born in 1804; married, July 29th, 1836, Louisa Constantia, daughter of George Eavenscroft, Esq., and has issue, Thomas Ferdinand, born October 6th, 1839, &c. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for September, 1794; Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. ' The Eight Hon. Edwin, Lord Harewood, was a nobleman to whose character it is not easy to do justice. In the senate, his lordship was inde- pendent and upright ; in private life, he was affable and courteous, hospitable, and generous. His moderation, indulgence, and liberality towards his ten- antry, were unexampled. His princely fortune was employed in such improvements as afforded support to all the neighbouring poor. The whole parish regarded him as then- father and their friend ; and the universal and deep regret manifested at his death (in his eighty-third year), was the surest indication how highly, in his life, he was honoured and beloved. He was M.P. for Scarborough, and for Northallerton in 1754, and again from 1780 to 1790. In 1759, he laid the foundation-stone of Harewood House, near Leeds. —See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c. for January, 1795. THE REV. JOSEPH MILNER, 31. A. 205 of importance in the county of York since the reign of Edward I., when Roger de Lascelles was summoned to parliament, ;i> baron, 1295 ; but dying without male issue, the barony fell into abeyance between his four daughters, and has never been reclaimed. The earl is lineally descended from John de Lascelles, of Hinderskelfe (now Castle Howard), who lived in 1315. The first earl was heir of the two senior lines of the family. Their motto, in English, is, " Salvation in God alone." Their town residence is in Harewood Place, Hanover Square, London, and their country-seat at Harewood House, near Leeds. — See Burke's Extinct Peerage ; Jones's History of Harewood, ifec. 1744-1797. THE REV. JOSEPH MILNER, M.A., A pious, learned divine, and ecclesiastical historian, was born at Leeds, January 2nd, 1744, and was the son of a poor weaver. He was educated at the Leeds Grammar School, where he made great proficiency in Latin and Greek, in which he was greatly assisted by a memory of such uncommon powers, that his biographer, the Dean of Carlisle, asserts that he never saw his equal among the numerous persons of science and literature with whom he had been acquainted. This faculty, which Mr. Milner possessed, without any visible decay, during the whole of his life, gained him no little reputation at school, where his master, the Rev. Mr. Moore, often availed himself of his memory in cases of history and mythology, and used to say, " Milner is more easily consulted than the Dictionaries or the Pantheon, and he is quite as much to be relied on." Mr. Moore, indeed, told so many and almost incredible stories of his memory, that the Rev. Mr. Murgatroyd, a very respectable clergyman, at that time minister of St. John's church, in Leeds, expressed some suspicion of exaggeration. Mr. Moore was a man of the strictest veracity, but of a warm temper. He instantly offered to give satisfactory proof of his assertions. " Milner," said he, " shall go to church next Sunday, and, without taking a single note at the time, shall write down your sermon afterwards. "Will you permit us to compare what he writes with what you preach?" Mr. Murgatroyd accepted the proposal with pleasure, and was often heard to express Lis astonishment at the event of this trial of memory. " Tin- lad," said he, " has not omitted a single thought or sentiment in the whole sermon; and frequently he has got the very words for a long way together."' By his industry aud talents he 206 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXSIS. gained the warm regard of his instructor, Mr. Moore, who resolved to have him sent to college. This plan was nearly frustrated by the death of Milner's father in. very narrow circumstances; but by the assistance of some gentlemen in Leeds, whose children Milner had lately engaged to teach, he was appointed, at the age of eighteen, to the office of chapel- clerk at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, where he took his Bachelor's degree in 1766, and obtained one of the Chancellor's medals. He now became assistant-master in the Leeds Grammar School, and soon afterwards the curate of the Rev. Mr. Atkin- son, at Thorp-Arch, the father of the Rev. Miles Atkinson, minister of St. Paul's church, Leeds. He afterwards became head-master of the Hull Grammar School, worth .£200 a year; and was soon after chosen afternoon lecturer of the principal church in that town. On obtaining this situation he sent for his mother (then living at Leeds in poverty) to Hull, where she became the manager of his house; he also sent for two poor orphans, the children of his eldest brother ; he also removed his brother Isaac from Leeds, where he was humbly employed in a woollen manufactory, and made him his assistant. This brother afterwards became master of Queen's College, Cambridge, professor of mathematics, and dean of Carlisle. About the year 1770, he embraced the sentiments of the Evangelical party in the Church of England. This change in his religious views brought upon him neglect, and, in some cases, open opposition from many among the upper classes, who had once been his admirers and friends; but his chui'ch was soon crowded with others, chiefly from the lower orders of the people, in whose sentiments and manners his preaching pro- duced a striking change : and at length he not only recovered the esteem of his fellow-townsmen, but lived to see his own religious sentiments become so popular in the town, that many of the pulpits of the churches were filled by his friends and pupils, and he himself was chosen vicar of Hull by the mayor and corporation. His election took place only a few weeks before his death, which happened on the 15th of November, 1797, in the fifty-fourth year of his age.* For seventeen years * By his death the world was deprived of a real philanthropist, his kindred of an affectionate relative, his acquaintance of a sincere friend, his king of a loyal subject, his country of a true patriot, and the Christian church of a zealous, learned, and sound divine. In short, he professed himself a Chris- tian, and his practice proved his sincerity. He held the above grammar school upwards of thirty years, during which period he applied himself with the most indefatigable attention to the arduous duty of education, and the many excellent scholars formed by his care are living monuments of his zeal and application. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for November, 1797. THE REV. JOSEPH MILNER, 31. A. 207 before his death he had been minister of North Ferriby, near Hull. An elegant monument, executed by Bacon, was erected to his memory in the High church of Hull by several gentlemen who had been his pupils.* The excellences of Mr. Milner' s per- sonal character were of the highest order. He was a highly popular and successful preacher. He was also deeply pious, upright in all his conduct, singularly open and sincere; and kind, cheerful, and amusing in social life. In his political principles he was strongly attached to the established order of things in Church and State. The work by which he is best known is the History of the Church of Christ, which was com- menced by himself, and completed by his brother, the master of Queen's College, Cambridge, and which extends from the rise of Christianity to the Reformation. The first edition of this work appeared in 5 vols., 8vo., 1794 to 1812, and a second edition in 1810. It has been more than once reprinted. t The other works of Milner are, — 1, Gibbon's Account of Christianity Considered; together with some Strictures on Hume's Dialogues concerning Natural Religion; 2, Some Remarkable Passages in the Life of William Hoioard; 3, Essays on the Influence of the Holy Spirit; 4, Tracts and Essays, Theological and Historical ; 5, Practical Sermons, with an account of his Life and Cha- * His monument contained the following inscription : — "To the memory of Joseph Milner, M.A., successively lecturer and vicar of this church, and upwards of thirty years, master of the Free Grammar School, this monument is erected by the grateful affection of his scholars. He was a man of a vigorous understanding, extensive learning, and unwearied diligence; dis- tinguished by primitive purity of sentiment, and holiness of life. He uniformly proved himself, through a long and active fministry, a zealous champion of the faith of Christ; which his labours successfully inculcated, and his writings will exhibit and vindicate to future generations. He died on the 15th of November, 1797, in the fifty-fourth year of his age." *t* His Church History is important for giving a view of the progress of religion. The following are some of the principal editions : — History of the Church of Christ, with a continuation to the present time ; by the Rev. T. Haweis, LL.D., 8vo., Edinburgh, 1834. Practical Sermons, to which is prefixed a Life and Character of the author, second edition, revised and corrected by the Very Rev. Isaac Milner, D.D., dean of Carlisle. Large additions are made to the Life of the author, with further animadversions on Dr. Haweis* misrepresentations, 3 vols., 8vo., 1801-23. A Selection of Tracts and Essays from the miscellaneous writings of the late Rev. Joseph Milner, A.M., edited by the Very Rev. Dr. Milner, 8vo., London, 1810. The following edition by Mr. Grantham is much improved: — The History. of tlie Church of Christ, with additions and corrections by the Very Rev. Isaac Milner, D.D. A new edition, revised and corrected throughout by the Rev. Thomas Grantham, B.D., rector of Bramber, Sussex, 4 vols., 8vo., London, 1847. This work lias been continued by Dr. Stebbing, and also by Scott. — For the texts and subjects of his Sermons, &c, see Darling's Cyclo- paedia Bibliographia ; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, &c. 203 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXSI3. racier, by the Dean of Carlisle, 2 vols. Some of Ins Practical Sermons were also edited by the Rev. Edward Bickersteth, in 1830 ; and others in 1841 by the Rev. James Fawcett, late incum- bent of Woodhouse, Leeds. A complete collection of his works was edited by Dean Milner, in 8 vols., in 1810. — For a more detailed account, see Gentleman's Magazine; the Christian Observer ; Cunningham's Lives ; Parsons' History of Leeds ; the Biographical Dictionaries of Gorton, Watkins, Chalmers, Knight, Rose, Mackenzie, &c. 1717—1798. THOMAS MAUDE, ESQ., The author of Wharf edale, Wensleydale, and other poems, was born, it is said, at Harewood,* near Leeds, in 1717; but another account — though less certain — gives Westminster the credit of his birth. He was brought up to the medical profes- sion, and was surgeon on board the Barjleur, with Captain Lord Harry Powlett. On returning, he became steward for the estates of the Duke of Bolton, and resided chiefly at his Grace's seat, Bolton Hall, in Wensleydale. He afterwards erected Burley House, near Otley, where he spent the latter part of his life. His principal poems are, — Wensleydale, or Rural * The following extracts evince poetic powers of a high order, and possess much local interest : — " As artists borrow some illustrious name, And on its wide-spread base erect their fame ; 8o I, ambitious to adorn a tale, Must of expediency myself avail. In yonder fields, near Harewood's splendid dome, Where pleasure dwells and freedom feels at home, "Where ease and elegance their charms combine, And sister arts in happy union twine : I sportive ranged ; there sipped parental dew, When first life's coinage current-value knew, Ere prejudice had sown her choking tares, And dashed my journey with intrusive cares. *Twas there in guileless hour my race began, While lib'ral culture trained me up to man. Thanks to that care, whose precepts first inspired, Whose kindness cherished, and example fired ; Whose doctrines taught with philosophic skill To rein the sallies of a devious will. So ruled a sire his son with virtuous sway, And gave to thought full energy to play. Kest, sacred shade ! here, filial reverence, raise This last memorial of defective praise ; Nor shall maternal merit rest unknown While Phoebus condescends my muse to own, Or duty bids to clasp the mournful bier, And lends the heaving sigh and trickling tear." LIEUTENANTS NEVILE. 209 Contemplations ; and Yerbeia* (Yerbia), or Wharfedale, dedicated to Edwin Lascelles, Esq. He died in 1798, aged eighty-one years. — See Sckroeder's Annals of Leeds; Jones's History of Harewood, kc. —1799. LIEUTENANTS NEVILE. t There is a tablet in the chancel of the Leeds parish church with the following inscription: — "To the memory of John Pate Nevile, lieutenant in the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards, who was wounded in Holland, in an engagement against the French, September 19th, of which wound he died October 10th, 1799, aged twenty-five years. — Also to the memory of Brownlow Pate Nevile, lieutenant in the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards, who was likewise wounded in Holland, in an engagement against the French, September 10th, and died September 16th, 1799, aged twenty-three years. They were the brothers of Charles Henry Nevile, who was killed on board Earl Howe's ship, June 1st, 1794, and the sons of John Pate Nevile, Esq., of Badsworth, in the county of York." The merit of the sub- jects is the only reason for inserting these epitaphs. It is to be lamented that brave men, who have died for their country, should be no better recorded; but, as it is so, they ought not to be consigned to oblivion for the bad style of their epitaphs. Nevile (frequently written Neville) Street, leading to Holbeck, is of course called after this family. — For pedigree, &c, see Thoresby's Bucatus Leodiensis, p. 184-5; "NVhitaker's Loidis. p. 338; Hunter's South Yorkshire, vol. ii., p. 394, &c. * Verbeia was the Roman patroness of the Wharf e, as appears _ by an inscription dug up at Ilkley, the Olicana of the Romans. The stone is men- tioned by Camden, and is now existing near the public way in that village. t Descended from the Gervase Nevile, Esq., of Beeston and Holbeck, who was quartermaster-general to the Duke of Newcastle in 1643, and died in February, 1676, aged eighty-five years, and was buried in the great chancel of St. Peter's church in Leeds ; whose eldest son and heir, Gervase Nevile, Esq. , of Beeston, sometime of Sheffield, and afterwards of Holbeck, died in May, 1696, aged fifty-seven, and was buried at Leeds; having married Dorothy, daughter of Francis Cavendish, Esq., of Doveridge, county of Derby. She died in January, 1713, aged seventy, and was buried at Leeds ; leaving issue — 1, William Nevile, of Holbeck, Esq., high-sheriff of Yorkshire, in 1710, who married Bridget, daughter of Walter Calverley, Esq., and died in April, 1713, without issue. — 2, Rev. Gervase Nevile, vicar of Bingley in 1712, who suc- ceeded to the Holbeck estate, and at length to the entailed estates of Chevet, near Wakefield, and died unmarried. —3, Rev. Cavendish Nevile, M.A., sometime Fellow of University College, Oxford, forty years vicar of Norton, near Sheffield ; at length succeeded his brother, Gervase, in the Chevet estates, fcc, and vra - I be last of the male line of this family. He married Catherine, daughter of Sir Lionel Pilkington, Bart., of Stanley, near Wakefield, sister of sir L. PilMngton, Bart., Lord of Chevet by purchase; she died. in August. o 210 EIOGRAPHIA LEOD1ENSIS. 1732-1800. REV. NEWCOME CAPPE, A dissenting minister of the Socinian persuasion, son of the Rev. Joseph Cappe, minister of the dissenting congregation at Mill Hill, in Leeds; was born in that town, Feb. 21st, 1732-3, and educated for some time under the care of his father, whom he lost in his sixteenth year.""' Having at this early age dis- covered a predilection for nonconformity, he was placed at the academy of Dr. Aikin, at Kibworth, in Leicestershire, in 1748, and the next year removed to that of Dr. Doddridge, at North- ampton. During his residence here, he overcame some scruples that arose in his mind respecting the evidences of revealed religion, by examining them in the best writers with great attention. After passing two years at Northampton, he was 1 790, aged seventy-seven, and was buried at Norton. He died at Clievet in February, 1749, aged sixty-nine, and was also buried at Norton. — 4, Barbara, married in November, 1705, at Eckington, county of Derby, to the Rev. Peter Robinson, and had a daughter, Dorothy, only issue and heir of her m other, born in 1700, sole heir also of her cousin, Anne Nevile, (the Rev. ( 'avendish Nevile's daughter, who died at school in London, unmarried, in 1756), and heir general of her grandfather, Gervase Nevile, Esq. She died at Shrewsbury in October, 1782, aged seventy-six ; having married John Lister, Esq., of Sysonby, county of Leicester, and had issue — 1, John Pate Nevile (formerly Lister), Esq., of Badsworth, lord of the manors of Holbeck and ( 'hevet, born at Sysonby in March, 1734, baptized at Melton Mowbray, after- wards lived at Doncaster ; a captain in the Blues ; married at St. James's, Westminster, in March, 1771, Sarah, daughter of the Rev. Chambers Bate, of Forston, county of Derby, and rector of Easton, county of Northampton, ::nd left a numerous family, most of whom fell in the service of then- country. 1, Lieutenant John Pate Nevile, who died of his wounds in October, 1799, aged twenty -five. — 2, Lieutenant Charles Henry Nevile, who died on board Lord Howe's ship in June, 1794, aged nineteen. — 3, Lieutenant Brownlow Pate Nevile, who died of his wounds in September, 1799, aged twenty-three. — 4, Lieutenant Cavendish Nevile, who died in December, 1812, aged twenty- five. — 5, George Nevile, Esq., his heir, of Skelbrook Park, Badsworth, in this county, who married Georgiana Catherine, daughter of the Rev. Dr. ( 'hampneys, and had issue John Pate Nevile, Esq., formerly an officer in the 76th Regiment of Foot, who married, in 1838, Louisa Mary, daughter of Robert Foster Grant-Dalton, Esq., and sister of Dalton Foster Grant-Dalton, Esq., J.P., of Shanks House, county of Somerset. He died in 1847, leaving issue — 1, Percy Sandford Nevile, Esq., of Skelbrook Park, near Pontefract, born in 1840, with two other sons and a daughter. Their motto is, "iVe vile velis" — Wish nothing vile, or wish no evil.— See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. * He showed early marks of singular genius and application to study ; and at six years of age he had made considerable progress in the Latin language. He was in the habit of rising at four o'clock in the morning, in order that he might read his lessons imdisturbed, which "he did in the winter by the kitchen fire, which in that part of the country it was customary to keep in all night;" and in the summer, when the weather allowed, he chose for the place of his morning studies the ruins of Kirkstall Abbey, situated about three miles from Leeds, on the banks of the river Aire. — See Monthly Rc- ricv; vol. xliii., p. 162, &c. REV. NEWCOME CAPPE. I'll deprived of the benefit of Dr. Doddridge's instructions, who was obliged to leave England on account of his health, and in 1752 went to the University of Glasgow, where he continued three years, improving his knowledge with great industry and success, and forming an acquaintance with many eminent men of the day, particularly Dr. Leechman, Dr. Cullen, Dr. Adam Smith, Dr. Moore, and the late Dr. Black. Having completed his studies, he returned in 175.5 to Leeds, and within a short time after was chosen co-pastor, and the following year sole pastor, of the dissenting congregation at St. Saviour-gate, York. This situation he retained for forty years, during which he engaged the respect and affection of his hearers, and was distinguished as a preacher of uncommon elocpience, and a man of great learning and amiable manners. In 1791 and 1793 he experi- enced two paralytic shocks, which ever after affected both his walking and his speech; but he was enabled to employ much of his time in preparing those woi-ks for the press which appeared after his death. Weakened at length by paralytic affections, he died December 24th, 1800. He published in his lifetime — 1, A Sermon upon the King of Prussia's Victory at Rosbach, November 3rd, 1757; 2, Three Fast-day Sermons, published during the American War; 3, A Sermon on the Thanksgiving- day, 1784; 4, A Fast-day Sermon, written during the American War, hut first published in 1795; 5, A Sermon on the Death of the Rev. Edward Sandercock ; 6, A Selection of Psalms for Social Worship; 7, Remarks in Vindication of Dr. Priestley, in A nswer to the Monthly Reviewers ; S, Letters published, in the York Chronicle, signed "A Doughty Champion in Heavy Armour" in reply to the attack of Dr. Cooper {under the signa- ture of " Erasmus") upon Mr. Lindsey on his resigning the Living of Catterick;* and Discourses on tlie Providence and * Rev. Theophilus Lindsey, M.A. (1723 — 1808), a Socinian writer, born at Middlewich, in Cheshire, June 20th, 1723, educated there, and at the Leeds Grammar School, under Mr. Barnard, where he made rapid progress in 1 learning. At the age of eighteen (in 1741), he was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, where, by exemplary diligence and moral con- duct, he obtained the entire approbation of his tutors; and, after taking his degrees, was elected Fellow in 1747, about which time he commenced his clerical duties at an episcopal chapel in Spital Square, London. Soon after this, he was, by the recommendation of Theophilus, Earl of Huntingdon, appointed domestic chaplain to Algernon, Duke of Somerset; after whose death, he travelled for two years on the continent with his son, subsequently Duke of Northumberland. On his return, about 1753, he was presented to the living of Kirkby Wiske, in the North-Biding; and in 17f>0 he removed to that of Piddletown, hi Dorsetshire. In 1760, he married a step-daughter of his intimate friend, Archdeacon Blackburne; and in 1763, chiefly for the sake of enjoying his society, and that of other friends in Yorkshire, he 212 BIOGTtAPHIA LEODIEXSIS. Government of God, 8vo., London, 1795. In 1802 were pub- lished Critical Remarks on many important Passages of Scrip- ture, together with Dissertations upon several subjects tending to illustrate the Phraseology and Doctrine of the New Testament* To these were prefixed Memoirs of his Life, by the editor, Catherine Cappe, his second wife, 2 vols., 8vo. (who also pub- lished Memoirs of herself, in 1822, and Observations on Charity Schools, &c). The chief object of these Remarks is to attack the Trinitarian doctrine, and to give those explanations and meanings to various parts of the New Testament language which are adopted by the modern Unitarian school. How far he has been successful may be seen in the following references : — His Life, as above; Monthly Review, vol. lxix., where his Remarks in Vindication of Dr. Priestley are examined; British Critic, vol. xxi., p. 66, Arc. ; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual; the Biographical Dictionaries of Chalmers, Gorton, Rose, &c. exchanged the living of Piddletown for the vicarage of Catterick, which was of inferior value. Here he resided nearly ten years, an exemplary pattern of a primitive and conscientious pastor, highly respected and beloved by the people committed to his charge. In 1771, he co-operated with Archdeacon Blackburne, Dr. John Jebb, Mr. Wyvil, and others, in endeavouring to obtain, relief in matters of subscription to the thirty-nine articles. In Novem- ber, 1773, he wrote to the prelate of his diocese, informing him of his inten- tion to quit the church, in consequence of scruples respecting the doctrine of the Trinity. Previously to leaving Catterick, he delivered a farewell address to his parishioners, in which he stated his motives for quitting them. He then settled in London, where he opened a place of worship in Essex Street, Strand. The service of the place was conducted according to the plan of a liturgy, which had been altered from that used in the Established Church by Dr. Samuel Clarke. About the same time he published his Apology, Vindicice Priestleiance, &c. He died on the 3rd of November, 1808, in his eighty-sixth year, and was buried at Bun hill-fields. Mr. Lindsey was a man of mild and amiable manners, and very highly respected by every person who knew him. As a writer on the side of Unitarianism, it cannot be said that he brought many accessions of new matter and argument ; but his honourable conduct in the resignation of his pref erment rendered him peculiarly an ornament to the sect he joined, and the loss of such a man might be justly regretted by the church he left. Besides copious biographical notices of Lindsey, which were published in the Monthly Repository and Monthly Magazine of December, 1808, the Rev. Thomas Belsham published, in 1812, a thick octavo volume of Memoirs, in which he gives a full analysis of his works, and extracts from his correspondence, together with a complete list of his publications. Two volumes of his Sermons were printed shortly after his death. — For additional particulars, see the above Memoirs, &c, and also the Athenaeum, voL v.; Bees's Cyclopaedia ; Biographical Dictionaries of Chalmers, Knight, Maunder, Bose, &c. For a very eulogistic character of him, see Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lxxviii.,p. 1,044; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. v., p. 415, &c. * He also pubbished Discourses, chiefly on Devotional Subjects, to which are prefixed Memoirs of his Life, 8vo., York, 1805; and Discourses, chiefly on Practical Subjects, 8vo., York, 1815; and other works.— See Darling's Cyclo- paedia Bibliographia, &c. MR. THOMAS WRIGHT. 213 1736—1801. MR. THOMAS WEIGHT, "Whose interesting Autobiography (1736-1797) lias been recently edited by his grandson (Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., &c, London, 1864), from which this sketch is compiled, and chiefly in his own words — except that the third person is used instead of the first — lived, for the most part, at Birkenshaw, in the parish of Birstal, near Leeds. He was, as may be seen by his own writings/' no ordinary man. Endowed with very con- siderable talents, and with an earnest desire for knowledge, and a love of literature which might have raised him to a very dis- tinguished position in fame, he evidently, from his own account, often regretted that he had no guardians of his youth who could appreciate the real bent of his mind, and give him the educa- tion which his fortune, though not great, as w r ell as his inclina- tions, claimed But, left an orphan in his earliest infancy, with none but distant relatives, who thought only of securing a share of his property; at first a spoiled child, and subsequently a neglected boy, nothing could swerve his mind from its natural bent, and some of his manuscripts in his grandson's possession, as well as the reports of those who knew him, prove that he possessed an extraordinary extent of reading, a large amount of miscellaneous knowledge, with power and judgment in the application of it, which must have made him an object of respect among the society of what was then rather a wild part of Yorkshire. At an early age he went through the usual course of Latin in the old and justly celebrated Free Grammar School at Bradford, which was the whole amount of what may be called his liberal education ; and the writer of his brief Life, prefixed to the second edition of his Familiar Religious Con- versation, printed in 1812, states that, "He was accounted very * In addition to loos Autobiography, he published at Leeds, in 1778, a poetic;il Essay, being a general defence of the Arminian party against the Calvinists, entitled (a parody on the title of Hogarth's celebrated picture) . I Modern Fam Mar Rt ligious < 'on versation. Possessing an excellent memory, he often entertained his friends by repeating to them a great part of this poem. They generally expressed themselves highly delighted with it. The high seasoning of Hudibrastic composition which the author had imparted to it, excited their risible muscles to a high degree, and they frequently declared it to he a performance which contained much matter in a small compass. After mature consideration, he resolved on publishing it. The demand for it was much beyond his expectations. Iu a very short time there was not a of it to be procured. The first edition, published anonymously, is now a book of extreme rarity. 15ut in 1812, a second and posthumous edition was printed tinder the modified title of A Familiar Religious Conversation, in Verse, by Thoma Wright, 214 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. clever while at school; and when he went home, it was with the reputation of being a youth, of facetious disposition, and of the most ready wit and invention." He was born at the Mulcture Hall, in Halifax, January 27th, 1736; and lived with his father and mother, grandmother and grandfather Cordingley, at the said Mulcture Hall, where they all lived together till they almost all died. His mother died in childbed of his sister Elizabeth, when he was somewhat turned of two years old. His father died a year or two afterwards, leaving him and all his concerns to the care of his grandfather and grandmother. His eldest sister, Martha, having died sometime before of the small-pox, his grandmother, who was exceedingly fond of him, as the only remains of her only offspring, and consequently very anxious to preserve his life, was persuaded by Dr. Nettle- ton, who was intimate with the family, to have him inoculated, as the safest method against that dreadful malady. As soon as he became acquainted with his letters, that inclination for reading and the acquisition of knowledge, which was one of the strongest propensities of his nature, discovered itself. He was never weary of his book; and by the time he was seven or eight years old, he had read through the Old and New Testa- ments, and was well acquainted with every remarkable story to be found there, and in the Apocrypha. Soon afterwards, his grand- mother died, and he was then taken by his aunt Ellison to Birkenshaw, where, after being sometime at the Bradford Grammar School, he was put to the white cloth-making trade, which on his coming of age he relinquished. Being in pretty good circumstances he bought many books, and read much divinity, philosophy, history, poetry, voyages, travels, &c. ; and, having a good memory,'"' by this means he acquired a good deal * He was celebrated for an extraordinary memory, of winch there are several anecdotes recorded. It is still remembered (says his grandson) in one of the manufactories in which, when the increase of his family called for all his resources, he took employment, that "Tommy Wright," as he was popu- larly called in the phraseology of the district, could repeat the whole of Milton's Paradise Lost whenever called upon, besides the works of other poets; and yet that he could not remember accurately for a few hours a common business commission. This is, perhaps, somewhat exaggerated on the side of the forgetfulness, although he had evidently no taste for business ; but only a few years ago his grandson heard directly the following anecdote from an old man, who may be still alive, and who was when young his inti- mate neighbour. This rjerson, -who -was an intelligent man, and in easy circumstances, stated that, on the day when the Leeds Mercury, then a young newspaper, arrived, "Tommy Wright" usually brought it with him to his house, took his usual seat by his kitchen fire, and, after both had lit their pipes, proceeded to read it through. The Mercury was then, of course, com- paratively a small paper; but when he had once read it, if called upon Mtt. THOMAS WRIGHT. 21f> of various knowledge, which, qualifying him for conversation, enabled him to contract a very large acquaintance with some of the most sensible men and best families in the surrounding- country.* He also learned to play upon the violin and the German flute. He was also a good shot, and loved the pleasures of the chase; and he appears to have mixed not unwillingly in the rustic amusements of the people. About that time he visited Hull, York, Scarborough, Harrogate, Ripon, and London, where he saw the old king, George II., and the Prince of Wales, afterwards George III., and most of the royal family. He also went to Greenwich and Woolwich, to see the men-of-war, &c. He was privately mar- ried at Gretna Green, November 19, 17GG, to Lydia,t daughter of William Birkhead, of Brookhouses, near Cleckheaton. He then lived at Lower Blacup j for about fourteen years ; also near Cleckheaton, where he had issue — 1, Elizabeth, born January 30th, 1768; married, December 25th, 1789, at the Leeds parish church, by the Rev. Mr. Fawcett, to Joseph Greenwood, tobacconist, Lowerhead Bow, Leeds, and had issue, Thomas, immediately afterwards to repeat either the whole or any part of it, even an advertisement, he could do it without hesitation, and so accurately that it was quite unnecessary to refer to the paper itself. * It must not be supposed that in this country Thomas Wright was buried among a population of mere ignorant rustics. A considerable portion of the people around him were occupied in the cloth manufacture, and were steadily laying the foundation of the present manufacturing wealth of the district, and some of them had already enriched themselves by their industry and intelligence. There were, moreover, in the country around, a few men who had raised themselves to intellectual distinction. At Bierley Hall, about two miles to the north-west of Birkenshaw, lived Dr. Richardson, F.R.S., the eminent naturalist, with whom Thomas Wright was intimate in his youth. Fieldhead, in the parish of Birstal, was the residence of the Priestleys, where they established a celebrated boarding-school for ladies, to which he sent ons of his daughters. As the celebrated Dr. Joseph Priestley, F.R.S., who was born at Fieldhead, was resident at Leeds during several years subsequent to 1767, he must have frequently visited his near relatives at the place of his birth, and it i3 at least probable that Thomas Wright was personally .acquainted with him. He visited Miss Bosanquet, subsequently the wife of Fletcher, of Madeley, at Cross Hall, in the parish of Batley, about three miles to the east of Birkenshaw. He also describes as his friend, John Taylor, of Great Gomersal, little more than a mile to the south of Birken- shaw, the enterprising and intelligent merchant and manufacturer, whose character is drawn so admirably by Charlotte Bronte, under the name of Mr. Yorke, in the novel of Shirley. + Mary Birkhead, of Bmokhouses, mother of the above Lydia, died April 29th, 1796, in the eightieth year of her age. William Birkhead, father of the above Lydia, and husband of Mary, died March 3rd, 17!<7, in the hundredth year of his age. — See the inscriptions in the chapel at Cleckheaton, Dear Leeds. Obadiah Brooke, late a surgeon in Leeds, was related to this family. X For an illustration of his residence at Lower Blacup, as it appeared in November, 1863, see the frontispiece of his Autobiorjr>i)>i> /. 21 G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. born in May, 1793; Lydia, born in October, 1795; Mary Ann, in June, 1797, &c. — 2, Mary, born November 22nd, 1769, who died May 25th, 1770.— 3, Thomas Wright,* born March 8th, 1771. — 4, Sarah, bom March 5th, 1773; married, June 17th, 1793, at Birstal parish church, by the Rev. Reuben Ogden, to Timothy Greenwood, surgeon and apothecary, of Cleckheaton, and had issue, John Brook Greenwood, born in March, 1794; Mary Ann, born in May, 1796, &c. — 5, 6, 7, James, John, and William, who all died when children. His wife, Lydia, died of consumption, October 22nd, 1777, aged thirty years. He mar- ried, secondly, November 4th, 1781, at Birstal parish church, Alicia, daughter of Mr. Thomas Pinder, farmer, of Upper Blacup. In 1783, he removed again to Birkenshaw, where he had issue, — 8, Martha, born January 28th, 1783. — 9, Ann, born June 27th, 1785. — 10, Benjamin, born September 20th, 1787.— 11, Hannah, born June 25th, 1790.— 12, John, born September 21st, 1793.— 13, Joseph, born June 10th, 1796. Thomas Wright, of Birkenshaw, died of an attack of typhus fever, on Friday, January 30th, 1801, aged sixty-five years. He was buried at the White Chapel, in the parish of Birstal, near Leeds, and retained his office of inspector of woollens (or cloth- searcher) to the end of his life. He appears to have been much attached to his children, and he describes the death of a favourite son, named John, in a detailed account, which is extremely pathetic. The loss of this child seems to have weighed heavily on his mind for several years, in which he devoted the anniversary of the sorrowful event to the composi- tion of a short poem to his memory. These, together with an Heroic Poem in praise of Richard Hill, Esq., will be found in the appendix to his Autobiography. * His eldest son, Thos. Wright, was apprenticed to Messrs. Nicholson, printers and publishers, of Bradford ; and after being deceived by Mr. S. Nicholson, the master's youngest son, he accompanied the eldest son, Mr. George Nicholson, to Ludlow, in Shropshire, where the latter continued for some years to publish books, which were remarkable for their good taste and good printing, and which had a large circulation. There the present Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., author of several valuable works, was born, which was the cause of his being a native of that county, instead of a Yorkshireman. Mr. Nicholson was his own compiler and editor, and his own traveller ; and he performed the latter task almost always on foot. His Cambrian Travellers' Guide, first pub- lished in 1808, but much enlarged and improved in a second edition, in 1813, is still the best work we have on Wales. Thomas Wright had the greatest personal esteem and respect for George Nicholson, and their friendship con- tinued till the death of the latter in 1825. For a longer and more particular account, see the Autobiography, &c. REV. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY, LL.D., F.R.S. 217 1773—1801.* LIEUTENANT SAMUEL PREDHAM, A native of Leeds, in the 54th Regiment, who was shot through the body on the 25th of August, 1801, aged twenty-eight, near the gates of Alexandria, in Egypt, where he displayed the active zeal, the intrepid gallantry, and the invincible spirit and courage of a true British soldier. There is a monument to him in the Leeds parish church with the following inscription: — " In memoiy of Samuel Predliam, of this town, late lieutenant of his Majesty's 54th Regiment of Foot. This monument is erected by his most affectionate and disconsolate mother on the loss of her only son.t In the memorable expedition to Egypt he bore a distinguished part, and displayed on all occasions the active zeal, the intrepid gallantly, and the invincible spirit and courage of a true British officer. He was shot through the body, the 25th of August, 1801, near the gates of Alexandria." "but, like the immortal Abercromble, he refused to quit his post so long as he could stand. his death, which ensued the 13th of october following, at the age of twenty-eight years, to his freends was most affecting ; to himself it was glorious, as his llfe had been honourable." 1733-1804. REV. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY, LL.D., F.R.S., A dissenting divine, but more justly eminent as a philosopher, was born March 13th, 1733, at Fieldhead, Birstal, near Leeds. His father, Jonas Priestley, a cloth-dresser, was a dissenter of the Calvinistic persuasion. His mother dying when he was six years of age, he was adopted by a paternal aunt, Mrs. Keighley, by whom he was sent to a free grammar school in the neigh- bourhood, where he was taught the Latin language and the ele- * 1727 — 1802. Thomas "Walker, Esq., serjeant-at-law, &c, for whom there is in Guiseley church, near Leeds, a monument with the following inscription : — "In memory of Thomas Walker, Esq., serjeant-at-law, and accountant- general of the High Court of Chancery, who died 29th of January, 1802, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, and was buried in the benchers' vault of the Middle Temple, in the Temple church, London. Be was the sun and heir of Thomas Walker, of the parish of Guiseley, by Susannah Harrison, his wife, both of whom were buried in the churchyard of this parish."— For a engraving of the nave and part of the choir of < iuiseley church, see Whitaker's Loidis and Elmcte, p. 210. + His father, Mr. .Samuel (Predam or) I'redham, of Leeds, died November 10th, 1795, after a lingering illness, aged sixty-five years. 218 BIOGllAPHIA LEODIENSIS. ments of Greek. His vacations were devoted to the study of Hebrew under a dissenting minister; and when he had acquired some proficiency iu this language, he commenced and made con- siderable progress in the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. In the mathematics he received some instruction from Mr. Haggerstone, who had been educated under Maclaurin. From his habits of application and attachment to theological inquiries, his aunt early entertained hopes of his becoming a minister. Ill health, however, led him to abandon for a while his classical studies, and apply himself to mercantile pursuits. "We learn from his own statement that his constitution, always far from robust, had been injured by a " consumptive tendency, or rather an ulcer in the lungs, the consequence of improper conduct when at school, being often violently heated with exercise, and as often imprudently chilled by bathing," personal enmities, and was entirely free from envy and jealousy. In the intercourse of life he was agreeable and benevolent." His mind was active, discriminating, and exact; his knowledge comprehensive and various; his style in composition was very clear and fluent. + We have enumerated his principal works in the preceding Sketch, but the whole amount to about 70 vols., or tracts, in Svo. An analysis of them is given in the Mi moirs partly written by himself, and partly by his son, 1806-7, 2 vi. Is., Svo., to which we are principally indebted for the above particulars. "To enumerate," says the celebrated Mr. Kirwan, "Dr. Priestley's dis- P 22 G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Priestley's Correspondence lias been collected and incorporated Avitli the above Memoir by Mr. John Towill Rutt, forming tlie first two volumes of his collected edition of Priestley's Theo- logical and Miscellaneous Works, in 25 vols., 8vo., Hackney, 1817, etc. At pp. 537-44 of the second volume of this edi- tion will be found, chronologically arranged, a complete list of Priestley's works : an imperfect list is given in Watts's Bibliotheca Britannica; Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographia, 7 9, tlmi Scarborough till I860. Residence, Grimston Park, near Tadcaster, &c. —See thi ■"■ rages, &c. 230 BIOGEAPHIA LEODIENSIS. the liorses, and buoyed up by the hope (in which he was scarcely disappointed) that he would find the streets of London paved with eold. His son died soruethmor more than a mere mil- lionaire. Another Denison, who prospered in his day, was the father of the Speaker of her Majesty's faithful Commons, now by virtue of his office "the first Commoner" in the land. His father, John Wilkinson, was a dyer at Leeds, who changed his name — whether with or without leave and licence from royalty, we do not know — to Denison,* on the death of his maternal uncle, a cloth merchant, of Leeds, who had risen from the ranks, and carried on a most successful trade with Portugal. He increased his prosperity by two fortunate marriages ; by the former of which he became father-in-law of one Speaker, Sir Charles Manners Sutton (afterwards Viscount Canterbury) ;t and by the second, the father of another Speaker, the present Right Hon. John Evelyn Denison.;]: He became lord of the manor of Ossington, and sat in parliament for many years ; and had he lived a few years longer, he would have seen one of his sons (John Evelyn Deuison) married to the daughter of a ducal house (Portland), and chosen Speaker of the House of Com- mons; another, Bishop of Salisbury (lately deceased); a third (Sir W. T. Denison, K.C.B., &c), Governor-General of Aus- tralia, now of Madras; and three others first-class men at Oxford, Eellows of their colleges, and high up in the learned professions. Another member of the same family, somewhat older than any of the above-mentioned gentlemen, also the son of very poor parents at Leeds, accumulated a .fortune in the law, and rose to be chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas (viz., Sir Thomas Denison, who died in 1765). He married an heiress, and his widow left her own and her husband's property to a * John Denison. Esq., of Ossington Hall, in Nottinghamshire, died May 6th, 1820, at his house in Portman Square, London. He and his brother, Edward Wilkinson, Esq., of Potterton Hall, in this county, inherited the greater part of the immense property of the late Mr. Denison, of Leeds ; and the deceased built the beautiful mansion of "Woodhouse (House or) Hall, near Leeds, but never occupied it.— See the Leeds Mercwry, &c.,for May, 1820; Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. t Canterbury, 1835, "second Viscount (Charles John Manners Sutton), elder son of first viscount, by his first wife, Charlotte, daughter of John Denison, Esq., born in 1812, succeeded in 1845. The first viscount was Speaker of the House of Commons from 1817-34. Eesidence, Bottesford, near Grantham. X Denison, Eight Hon. John Evelyn, speaker, eldest son of the late John Denison, Esq., M.P. ; born in 1800; married, in 1827, Charlotte, daughter of fourth Duke of Portland; educated at Eton, graduated B.A. at Christ Church, Oxford, 1823; M.P. for South Notts, 1833-37; for Malton, 1841-57; chosen for North Notts and elected speaker, 1857. Residence, Ossington, near Newark. — See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. JOSEPH DEXISOX, ESQ. 231 great-niece, who married (Edmund) a member of the wealthy family of Beckett, on condition of his assuming the name of Denison, and became the mother of Mr. Edmund Beckett Denison (M.A., Q.C.), whose name is so familiar to our readers as the inventor of the great clock and bell at Westminster; and Mr. William Beckett Denison, a banker at Leeds, &c. Their father was one of the members of parliament for the West- Biding for many years (1840-57). It should be added that even to the present day the name of Denison is nearly as common about Leeds, as Smith in London, or Jones in Wales, or Campbell in Scotland, though it is rarely met with in other parts of her Majesty's dominions. Another writer gives the following statement in the Gentleman s Magazine: — u Mr. Joseph Denison, the father of the late William Joseph Denison, Esq., M.P. for West Surrey, who died in 1806, rose to enormous wealth in the city of London, from almost the humblest begin- nings. It has been stated that he was a parish boy, ignorant of reading and writing, who made his way up from Yorkshire to London on foot; others say that he was a respectable woollen cloth merchant in Leeds, who resided at Burmantofts Hall. The late William Joseph Denison, a man of sound principles and excellent character, though less penurious than his father, pursued the like process of accumulation."" It has always been understood that a peerage was offered to the late banker, through the intervention of his sister (Elizabeth), who obtained a marquisate for her lord (Marquis of Conyngham in 1816), and a barony for her brother-in-law, Sir Bobert Lawley (Baron Wenlock in 1831), who died without issue; but the honour was respectfully declined by the staunch old Whig, who considered that his patronymic was more in its place at the head of his own ledger, than in the pages of the peerage. Whilst out of parlia- ment, Mr. William Joseph Denison served the office of sheriff of Yorkshire in 1808; in which county he was the principal landowner in the neighbourhood of Scarborough and Driffield. His Yorkshire estates are valued at more than half a million; those iu Surrey at one hundred thousand; the remainder of his property is in the funds and other securities. The whole is * It is said that a few (three) years ago, when the nephew to whom lie has bequeathed £85,001) per annum, fell into railway difficulties (the speculation having Leen undertaken with the sanction of his ancle), he permitted him to fly from the writs out against him to the semi-penal settlement of Boulo sur-mer, and reside there a twelvemonth with his young family, rather than come down with the tune of £2,O00; yet to this very gentleman— a man of the nicest honour he had at that very period bequeathed more than two millions.— See Gentleman's Magazine. 232 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. valued at £2,300,000. — See Gentleman's Magazine, &c. See also Sir Thonias Denison (in this volume), with Notes, p. 169, &c. ; and also William Denison, Esq., with Note, p. 180, &c. 1745-1808. EEV. WILLIAM WOOD, F.L.S., Minister of the Protestant Dissenting chapel, at Mill Hill, in Leeds, was horn at Collingtree, a village near Northampton, on May 29th, 1745. His father, Mr. Benjamin Wood, was a memher of the Christian Society at Northampton, of which Dr. Doddridge was the minister ; and being a pious man, paid peculiar attention to the religious instruction of his children. While engaged in the iisual occupations of his business, he was accustomed to employ them in reading to him some work of piety, to which he fixed their attention by frequent questions and remarks, and thus imprinted upon their tender minds lessons of the most salutary nature for the future conduct of life. Happy the children who are thus early taught the love and practice of religion! Of Mr. Wood's childhood little else is known, than that he very early discovered considerable talents; and that he passed, with great credit, through the ordinary course of school education, under the late Dr. Stephen Addington, at Market Harborough. At the age of sixteen he entei'ed the Dissenting Academy in Wellclose Square, London, at that time under the cai'e of the Rev. Dr. Jennings, and the Rev. Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Morton Savage. In the folio whig year, 1762, upon the death of Dr. Jennings, the academy was removed to Hoxton; Mr. Savage was appointed to the office of theological tutor, and with him were associated as tutors — the one in the belles lettres, the other in mathematics and natural philosophy — the Rev. A. Kippis, and Mr. A. Rees. Among his contemporaries in the academy were Mr. J. Alexander, author of a paraphrase on 1 Cor. xv.; Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Samuel Wilton; Mr. Forsyth, late tutor at Daventry and Northampton; Mr. Beaufoy, late member of parliament for Yarmouth; and Mr. T. Jervis, formerly tutor to the late Marquis of Lansdowne, and afterwards chosen to succeed to the pastoral office at Mill Hill chapel, in Leeds. With some of these he continued to maintain a pleasing intercourse through life ; but with the last he formed a close and intimate friendship, which subsisted without interruption till death. To the excellence of his con- duct as a student, as also to the talents and virtues by which he was throughout life distinguished, this " friend of his youth, and companion of his early studies," has borne his affectionate and REV. WILLIAM WOOD, F.L.S. 233 public testimony. (See Athenceum for May, 1808.) Mr. "Wood had not chosen the work of the ministry as an idle occupation; he was well aware of the importance of that work, and of the necessity, not of natural talents alone, but of much acquired knowledge, to its proper discharge. He had resolved not to engage in it, unprepared to secure his own credit, and the real advantage of those who might be committed to his care; and he was fully sensible that the instructions of the ablest tutors would be of little avail, without the constant personal diligence of the student. By his own unwearied assiduity, therefore, he aided their judicious efforts; and the consequence was, that few young men ever left their preparatory studies better qualified to discharge the weighty duties of the pastoral care, and to pursue those interesting subjects of inquiry, to which the lectures of a public tutor are only initiatory. He preached his first sermon at Debenham, in Suffolk, on the 6th of July, 17 66, and a more appropriate subject could scarcely have been chosen for such an occasion than that which he selected. His text was taken from St. Luke ix. 26. The remaining part of that year, and a great part of 1767, was spent by him in the neighbourhood of London; and during this period he preached before the principal congre- gations in the metropolis and its vicinity. His talents were noticed and admired, and he obtained the friendship of some of the most eminent of the Dissenting ministers. Of this number was the late Dr. Price, who was then settled at Newinjrton Green, and for whom he appears to have frequently officiated. The friendship of such a man was, in itself, an honour and an advantage to one just entering upon the world; and as it con- tinued unimpaired till the doctor's death, many occasions occurred in which Mr. Wood was greatly indebted to his kind exertions. Among other instances of this nature was a recom- mendation to the important place which his friend the Rev. T. Jervis so ably and so honourably filled in the family of the late Marquis of Lansdowne. In the month of September of this year he removed to Stamford, in Lincolnshire, as successor to his excellent friend, the Rev. J. Ralph. Here, connected with a small but affectionate society, he spent somewhat more than three years. During this inteiwal he was ordained, together with his late tutor, the Rev. A. Rees, at the meeting-house in St. Thomas's, Southwark, and his testimonial was signed by the principal Dissenting ministers then in London. From Stamford he removed to Ipswich, in November, 1770, as assistant to the Rev. T. Scott, the well-known translator of the Booh of Job. At the close of the year 1772, Dr. Priestley resigned his situa- 234 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. tion of minister at Mill Hill chapel, in Leeds; and in conse- quence of the joint recommendation of himself and Dr. Price, Mr. Wood was invited to succeed him. On January 10th and 17th, 1773, he preached as a candidate at Leeds; and on the 30th of May, entered formally upon the office to -which he had been unanimously chosen. The excellent discourse which he delivered upon that occasion was soon afterwards published. In it he justly and eloquently describes, and earnestly and forcibly urges, the reciprocal duties of a Christian minister and his hearers. When he undertook the charge of this numerous and highly-respectable congregation, he had nearly completed his twenty-seventh year. At such an age to be placed in such a situation, and as the immediate successor of Dr. Priestley, was a flattering distinction, and as such, he acknowledges he felt it ; but at the same time he " was not unapprised of the unremitted care which it behoved him to take, that no one might have just reason to despise his youth." When he had been settled in Leeds about two yeai's, he published a small volume consisting of twelve Sermons on social life. These sermons were composed solely for the pulpit, at different intervals, and not in the order in which they were published. On the 29th of September, 1780, Mr. Wood married Loiiisa Ann, the second daughter of Mr. George Oates, of Low Hall, near Leeds." This gentleman was engaged in the Leeds trade, and his house (which was till lately continued by two of his grandsons), was one of the oldest and most respectable in the town. Being possessed of excellent abilities, and much general information, he had great influence, and was ever regarded by his neighbours as a leading man. In religion he was a steady Dissenter, and in politics a Whig of the old school. In this connection, which lasted six-and-twenty years, Mr. Wood experienced much domestic felicity; and it was a matter of no little importance to his comfort, that he became by this means united in closer ties to a considerable part of his congregation. The fruits of this marriage were four children, three of whom survived their parents. At a meeting of the Associated Dissenting Ministers in the West-Eiding of Yorkshire, held at Bradford, July 4th, 1781, during the Ame- rican war, he delivered an excellent discourse On the Christian Duty of Cultivating a Spirit of Universal Benevolence amidst * Their eldest son was George William Wood (of the firm of Oates, Wood, and Smithson), some time M.P. for Kendal, who married Sarah, daughter of Joseph Oates, Esq., of Weetwood Hall, near Leeds, his mother's brother, and died in 1843. She died in July, 1864, aged eighty-six, at Singleton Lodge, near Manchester. — For pedigree of the Oates family, and other particulars, see Whitaker's Thoresby, p. 97, &c. REV. WILLIAM WOOD, F.L.S. 235 the Present Unhappy National Hostilities. At the request of the audience, it was afterwards published. From the time of liis leaving the academy, but especially of his settling at Leeds, Mr. Wood ardently devoted himself to the studies immediately belonging to his profession, or intimately connected with it. Few men were ever better qualified for the investigation of theological truth. With considerable attainments in classical literature, and an accurate knowledge of the Hebrew language and the Greek of the synagogue, were united a sound understanding, a correct judgment, a comprehensive mind, a well-formed taste, and unw^eai'ied perseverance. From the principal sources of biblical criticism he could draw with ease, and for the minutest and the most patient investigation he was suited as well by habit and disposition as by extensive and accurate learning. In 1785 he began to deliver, once a fortnight, to the younger part of his congregation, a long and interesting course of lectures. While Mr. Wood was thus usefully and pleasingly occupied in studies peculiarly connected with his profession, he devoted no small part of his time and attention to the pursuit of natural history, and particularly of English botany. He also rendered his knowledge of nature subservient to the great purpose of public religions instruction ; frequently drawing from the works of God clear and impressive elucidations of his Word, and lessons of piety and virtue which forcibly arrested the attention, and remained deeply imprinted on the hearts of his hearers. The centenary of the Revolution was an event which could not be passed over in silence, by one who had early imbibed the love of civil and religious liberty, and who was fimily attached by sub- sequent conviction to the genuine principles of the British con- stitution. Mr. Wood pai'took of the feelings which then gene- rally prevailed, and on the two Sundays which succeeded the 4th of November, 1788, delivered two excellent Sermons, which were afterwards published. A short account of Leeds was, in 1794, contributed by him to Dr. Aikin's History of Manchester. The nature of that work admitted only of a brief and general view of the state of that extensive and flourishing town. In the year 1796, he had the unhappiness to lose an amiable and very promising son, at the early age of twelve years. This was a severe trial, but the unobtrusive and sincere piety which ever glowed in his bosom enabled him to bear it with composure and fortitude. It was also no small source of alle- viation to him, that at this time he was most actively and bene- ficially engaged in the education of young persons. The cir- cumstance which next brought him before the public was the 23G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. death of the Rev. Newcome Cappe. The age and character of Mr. Wood, as well as his former connection and intercoui'se with this truly venerable person, pointed him out as best quali- fied to commit his remains to the earth, and to pay that tribute which was so justly due to departed learning and piety. This mournful office he performed on Wednesday, December 31st, 1800, in a manner most impressive, and in the presence of a great concourse of people. When this ceremony was finished, he delivered a sermon adapted to the occasion, and containing a highly-wrought but just eulogy of his late revered friend. "An eloquent man, and mighty in the Scriptures," were the words which he selected as his text, and none more appropriate could have been chosen. In fewer and in better terms the public character of Mr. Cappe could not have been comprised. This Sermon was shortly afterwards published, with a suitable dedi- cation to Mrs. Cappe, and with an appendix containing brief Memoirs of Mr. Cappe's life. In the course of these, some interesting particulars are given, and a masterly analysis of the few works which he published, especially of his Past Sermons, which excited general admiration ; and had he been of less retired habits, would have procured for him the friendship of some of the most distinguished characters in the country. On the following Sunday, Mr. Wood delivered a Sermon at Mill Hill chapel, upon the Commencement of the Nineteenth Century. It was written hastily, and with no view to publication ; but the just and striking sentiments which it contained, together with the peculiarity of the occasion, produced such an effect upon the congregation, that immediately after the service they earnestly and unanimously requested that it might be printed. In the year 1801 he published a liturgy, consisting of five forms, for the congregation at Mill Hill chapel. This, for the most part, was compiled from the service of the Established Church, the Liver- pool, Shrewsbury, and other liturgies before published by the Dissenters. (See Political Papers, vol. vi., pp. 67-8.) He was instrumental in the academical institution being trans- ferred from Manchester to York. Upon the death of Dr. Priestley, in 1804, Mr. Wood was led no less by his own respect for the memory of that great and good man, than bv the circumstance of his having succeeded to the same pulpit, and by the earnest request of the older members of the society, who remembered with pleasure and with gratitude the instructions which he had so zealously and so ably dispensed to them, to pay to his eminent virtues and talents that tribute which they so justly deserved. He afterwards, at the solicita- CAPTAINS WALKER AND BECKETT. 237 tion of the late editor of the Annual lievieiv, consented to conduct the department of natural history. While he thus enjoyed the opportunity of seeing valuable and expensive works upon subjects relating to his favourite science, he gratified and instructed the public by his able analyses of them, and by his free and judicious remarks upon their merits or defects. But the work in which he engaged about this time with the greatest satisfaction, and with unwearied diligence, was that truly national publication, the Cyclopcedia, earned on under the very able and laborious superintendence of his friend, the Rev. Dr. Rees. For this valuable work he wrote several articles con- nected with Botany. The ability displayed in these articles will be a lasting and an honourable testimony to his skill as a botanist. He became a member of the Linnsean Society at its first formation, and thus became intimate with many eminent scientific persons. He died April 1st, 1808,'"" aged sixty-three years, and was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Hutton. Memoirs of his life and writings were published at Leeds in the following year, by the Rev. Charles Wellbeloved, formerly of the Man- chester College, in York, from which Memoirs the above Sketch has been chiefly compiled. — For a small portrait and additional information, see his Memoirs ; Gentleman 's Magazine, &c. — 1809. t CAPTAIXS WALKER AND BECKETT. There is in the north transept of the Leeds parish church, a most beautiful marble cenotaph, by J. Flaxman, Esq., R.A., which cost upwards of £600, erected to the memory of two lamented young officers, of Leeds, who were killed at the battle of Talavera. The monument represents a weeping Victory, as * — 1808. James Kenton, Esq., formerly an eminent surgeon and alderman of Leeds. The duties of the latter station he performed with zeal and im- partiality during twenty-seven years, when his advanced age having rendered a cessation from public duties necessary, he retired with the thanks and regret of his colleagues. The eminence he attained in his profession was the result of science, attention, and feeling ; while his perfect urbanity as a gentleman, his piety as a Christian, and his goodness as a man, endeared him to all who had access to him. As he lived respected, so he died regretted ; and Ins memory will long be cherished by those who had the opportunity of best knowing his virtues. He died March 21st, 1808, aged eighty years. + — 1810. Joseph WILKINSON, Esq., formerly of Bramhope, and recently of Hawkeworth Hall, near Leeds, died July 30th, 1810, aged fifty-five years. He was a gentleman well known and highly respected in this neighbourhood, from the general urbanity <>( his manners, and the long services he rendered his country, as major of the Leeds volunteers, and subsequently as captain in the Wharfedale corps. —See the Leeds Mi rcury, &c, for August, 1810. — 1810. ROBERT Davison', Esq., M.D., a physician of much eminence and extensive practice in Leeds and neighbourhood, till he was obliged by 238 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. large as life, seated on a cannon, and supporting her head upon her right hand, which rests on a banner, inscribed with the word " Talavera" between two wreaths. Underneath is a lion in basso-relievo, and on the base the following inscription : — " To the Memory of Captain Samuel Walker,* of the 3rd Regi- ment of Guards, and Captain Richard Beckett, of the Cold- stream Regiment of Guards, natives of Leeds; who, having bravely served their country together in Egypt, Germany, Den- mark, and Portugal, fell, in the prime of life, at the glorious battle of Talavera, in Spain, on the 28th of July, 1809,t their fellow-townsmen dedicate this monument." Dr. Whitaker, in bad health to retire from business, died August 11th, 1810. Nature had given him a strong understanding and retentive memory, to which she added a peculiar sagacity, that enabled him, in cases the most complicated, to discriminate between cause and effect, between the disease and its symptoms. A kind friend to the poor, he never exercised his medical skill with greater satisfaction to himself than when he expected no remuneration except their blessing. He was a man of truth, integrity, and honour, but, what is far better, of unaffected piety, which could alone support him under accumu- lated afflictions, and a long and painful illness, which he bore with natience and resignation. He is gone to that place where physicians can he in no request : for there, is neither pain, nor infirmity, nor disease ; but where sincere Christians will meet with a joyful reception. The doctor was a branch of the Davisons, of the Brand, in Shropshire. — See Leeds Mercury, &c. * Samuel Walker was the fourth son of William Walker, Esq., of Killing- beck Hall, near Leeds, whose pedigree, &c, may be seen in Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, pp. 3, 198, 202, &c. Richard Beckett, brigade-major in the second regiment of foot-giiards, was the fourth son of the first Sir John Beckett, Bart., of Leeds, and was born June 8th, 1782. f The record of those gallant Britons who have finished their course of honour in defence of the liberties of Spain and the civilized world, was also augmented by the death of another of our townsmen. More of our best blood has been shed in the great cause. John, the eldest son of Darcy Lever, Esq., midshipman in the Atlas, Admiral Purvis's flag-ship (a gallant youth only eighteen years of age), was killed on the 17th of February, 1810, near Cadiz, by the bursting of a cannon as he was firing it against the French batteries. He was on board the San Justo, a Spanish ship manned by British volunteers, of which he was one of the foremost. Endowed with everything that was excellent in private life, and with all the courage and humanity characteristic of the British sailor, he promised to be a shining ornament to his profession, and a valuable servant to his country. His dawn of life pre- sented a fine prospect of a glorious day ; but the fair morn was scarce above the horizon, and, by its brilliancy, appeared the precursor of a meridian splendour, ere it was overcast by a dark and fearful cloud. It has set prema- turely in the grave. Alas, brave youth ! thy career of glory has been short. Though thy remains be engulphed in the ocean, or embowelled in the sands of that shore which thou died to defend, the memory of thy merits shall long live in the hearts of those who claimed thee as a friend or a comrade, and be engraven by thy grateful countrymen on that tablet which is more durable than monumental marble. And while we survey the memorial erected to the memory of our Beckett and our Walker, and read, there recorded, their valour and their fall in the same cause for which thou bled, we will not forget to unite in the sympathetic emotions of sorrow the remem- brance of our Lever. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for March, 1810. THE REV. WILLIAM SHEEPSHANKS, M.A. 239 his Loidis and Ehnete, says — "The simplicity of this epitaph, so unusual in that turgid species of composition, however laud- able in itself, would, without a supplement, leave unrecorded to posterity that these two brave men were of two most respect- able families in the town of Leeds, equally respectable in their own characters, and deeply regretted by their numerous connec- tions, for those amiable qualities which, in the manners of the present generation amongst our countiymen, are found to be perfectly consistent with personal courage." — See monument in Leeds parish church, and a fine engraving in Whitaker's History of Leeds, p. 51. 1740-1810. THE REV. WILLIAM SHEEPSHANKS, M.A., Minister of St. John's church, Leeds, was born March 18th, 1740, in the village of Linton, GVaven, of respectable parents.* His father, who, having no trade or profession, lived upon and farmed his own estate, was a very sensible and intelligent man, so far superior to those among whom he lived, and so disin- terested in the application of his talents, that he was highly * He was the son of Richard Sheepshanks, of Linton, yeoman, who died in December, 1779, and Susannah Garside, of Stainland, who died in July, 1784, leaving issue: — 1, The Rev. "William Sheepshanks, M.A., who married Anne, daughter of Mr. John Hawkridge, of Grassington, who had a daughter, Mary, born in 1777, married to the Rev. William Cary, D.D., prebendary of Westminster, and late head-master of Westminster School. 2, Whittell Sheepshanks, an eminent merchant of Leeds, bom November 14th, 1743, alderman, and twice mayor of Leeds, in 1795 and 1815; assumed by royal licence the surname and arms of York, and died in August, 1817, leaving by Mary, his wife, relict of Mr. W. Peart, of Grassington, Richard, his heir,'"' and Mary, who married, in 1801, the Rev. Anthony Lister (Marsden), SLA., vicar of Gai-grave, and rector of Tathani, county of York. 3, Richard, of Leeds and Philadelphia, merchant, born in September, 1747, died in 1797, in America, having married Mrs. Ann Kidd, and left issue, William, of Leeds and Philadelphia, born in 1774. 4, Rev. Thomas, M.A., rector of Wimpole and Aspenden, in Cambridgeshire, born in December, 1752; married, secondly, Martha, daughter of Robert Gynn, Esq., of Wisbech, and had issue, William, B.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, Thomas, Maria, and Louisa. 5, Joseph, of Leeds, merchant, born in May, 1755; married Anne, daughter of Mr. Richard Wilson, of Kendal, and had issue, Thomas, William, John, Anne, Susannah, and Richard, B.A., of Trinity College, Cam- bridge. 6, James, of Leeds, merchant, who died in 1789. 7, John, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, vicar of Wymeswolde, Leicester- shire, and curate of Holy Trinity church, Leeds, born May 4th, 1765; married Mary, daughter of Mr. John Anderson, of Cambridge, &c. The crest of the Sheepshanks is a "Sheep passant," and the crest of the Yorks is a "Demi-lion, supporting a woolpack, erect." ( *' Richard York, Esq. , son and heir of Whittell Sheepshanks, afterwards York, Esq., bora in June, 1778; afterwards of Wigbil] Park, Dear Tadcaster; a deputy-lieutenant, and lieutenant-colonel of the West-Riding of Yorkshire Hussar Yeomanry : served as high-sheriff in 1832; married, April 20th, 1801, Lady Mary Anne Lascelles, youngest daughter of Edward, first Earl of Hare- 240 BIOGftAPHIA LEODIENSIS. popular and useful in his native village. His mother was a woman of very superior undei'standing. He was educated at the Grammar School of the parish, and in 1761 was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge. His singular facility in the attainment of philosophical knowledge quickly became so con- spicuous in this situation, that, at a time when other under- graduates find sufficient employment in preparing for their own exercises and examinations, he had no less than six pupils. At this time also he laid the foundation of a lasting friendship with two young men of great promise in the university, John Law and William Paley, both of Christ's College — the one afterwards Bishop of Elphin, the other wanting no addition, and above all titles. In St. John's he lived upon terms of almost equal inti- macy with Mr. Arnald, the senior wrangler of his yeai', whose genius, always eccentric, after a short career of court ambition, sunk into incurable lunacy. His academical exercises also con- nected him more or less with the late Lord Alvanley, Mr. Baron Graham, and the learned and pious Joseph Milner, after- wards of Hull — all of whom, as well as Law, took their first degrees at the same time with himself.* Such a constellation of talent has scarcely been assembled in any single year from that time to the present. In January, 1766, he took the degree of B.A., and in 1767 was elected Fellow of his college, on the foundation of Mr. Piatt. In the same year he also took the degree of M.A. In 1772 he served the office of Moderator (or Examiner) for the university, with distinguished applause. During this period he numbered among his pupils several whom he lived to see advanced to high stations in their respective professions, particularly the late Bishop of Lincoln, and the Chief-Justice of the King's Bench.t In 1773 he accepted from the university the rectory of Ovington, in Norfolk; and, having wood, and died January 27th, 1843, leaving an only son, Edward York, Esq., of Wighill Park, J. P., and deputy-lieutenant; born, January 6th, 1802; married, November 25th, 1835, Penelope Beatrix, daughter of the Rev. Christopher Sykes, rector of Poos, in Holderness, and has issue, Edward Christopher, born October 14th, 1842; Lucy Mary, married to Edward Brooksbank, Esq., of Healaugh Hall, near Tadcaster; Caroline Penelope; Laura Marianne ; and Harriet. See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. * In 17G6, Arnald, or Arnold, William, of St. John's, was senior wrangler ; Law, John, afterwards Lord Bishop of Elphin, was second ; Graham, Sir Robert, afterwards Baron of the Exchequer, was third ; Arden, or Lord Alvanley, afterwards Lord Chief -Justice of the Common Pleas, was twelfth. Milner, Joseph, of Leeds, author of the History of the Church of Christ, he, was third .among the senior optimes, with junior chancellor's medal ; Dr. John Law taking the senior medal. Dr. Wm. Paley was senior wrangler in 1763. *t Law, of Peter's, afterwards Lord Ellenborough, and Lord Chief-Justice of the King's Bench, was third wrangler in 1771; and Dr. George Pretyman THE REV. WILLIAM SHEEPSHANKS, M.A. 241 married a highly respectable person, the object of his early attachment, settled at the village of Grassington, where he received into his house a limited number of pupils, among whom, in the years 1774-5, was the Rev. T. D. Whitaker. In the year 1777, he removed to Leeds; and in the same year, by the active friendship of Dr. John Law, then one of the pre- bendaries of Carlisle, he was presented by that chapter to the living of Sebei'gham, in Cumberland. In 1783, he was ap- pointed to the valuable cure of St. John's church, in Leeds. In 1792 he was collated, by his former pupil, Dr. Pretyman, Bishop of Lincoln, to a prebend in his cathedral, which, by the favour of the late Archbishop of York, he was enabled to exchange, in 1794 or 1795, for a much more valuable stall at Carlisle, vacated by the promotion of Dr. Paley to the subcleaneiy of Lincoln. This was the last of his preferments, and probably the height of his wishes; for he was in his own nature very disin- terested. After having been afflicted for several years with calculous complaints, the scourges of indolent and literary men, he died at Leeds, July 2Gth, 1810, and was interred near the communion-table in his own church, where there is a Latin inscription to himself and wife.* In vigour and clearness of understanding, Mr. Sheepshanks was excelled by few. His spirits were lively, and his conversation was inexhaustibly fertile in anecdote and reflection. His knowledge of common life, in all its modes, was that of an original and acute observer — his eyes w r ere the most penetrating and expressive, perhaps, ever beheld. In short, nature had endowed him with faculties little, if at all, inferior to those of the two great men with whom he lived in habits of most intimate friendship. His con- ttion had much of the originality and humour which dis- tinguished that of Dr. Paley; and, when he thought proper, it was equally profound and sagacious with that of Dr. Law. When he could be prevailed upon to write at all, he wrote with (Tomlme), afterwards Lord Bishop of Lincoln, and then of Winchester, was senior wrangler in 1772, the year in which "William Sheepshanks, M.A., was one of the moderators. * He was religious 'without ostentation; a friend without deceit; and charitable as hccomuth genuine charity. He was a man of first-rate genius and high literary attainments. As a tutor, lie had had the honour of educating some of the most exalted characters in the empire, \i/.. Lord Ellenhorough, Sir Soulden Lawrence, Dr. Tomline, Bishop of Lincoln (who was afterwards tutor of the great Pitt), &c He was the most intimate friend of the late Dr. Paley, and stood high in the estimation of his Grace the Archbishop of this province. The rectory of Ovington is. we believe, the only one presented by the wholt University of Cambridge. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, he., for July, 1810. Q 242 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. the clearness and force peculiar to his school; so that, if his industry had borne any proportion to his natural talents, and if these had been sedulously applied to elucidate and expound those branches of science in which he so much excelled, he would have wanted no other memorial. But a constitutional indolence robbed him of the fame which he might have attained : the privation, however, occasioned neither a struggle nor a pang, for his want of ambition was at least equal to his hatred of exertion; and, as far as could be gathered from a conversation in the highest degree open and undisguised, he was equally careless of living and of posthumous reputation. Had the same indifference extended to his surviving friends, this short account would not have been written. — See Dr. Whitaker's History of Craven, p. 473, &c. For his pedigree, &c, see Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 63; and for a fine portrait of him, see the Appendix, p. 31. 1741—1811.* THE EEV. MILES ATKINSON, B.A., Founder of St. Paul's church, Leeds, and the second son of the Rev. Christopher Atkinson, rector of Thorp-Arch, in the county of York, was born at Ledsham, near Leeds, September 28th, 1741. In his earliest years he exhibited symptoms of great * — 1811. Mr. Benjamin Clifford, a person very well known, and as highly respected, in the musical world ; who had also spent several years of his life in the band of the 1st West York Militia, died at Leeds, May 4th, 1811, aged fifty-nine. We understand that he had just prepared for publication several pieces of music, and had obtained considerable patronage from subscribers, when, we are concerned to say, he was brought to a prema- ture grave by sleeping in a damp lied ; however, as his son was well qualified to push forwai'd his father's undertaking, we hope the work has not been lost to the public. When in garrison at Hull, he composed a common measure tune, which rapidly spread through the whole empire, although he never published it himself. In these parts it was simply called Clifford's Common Measure, but in London it acquired the curious title of Bonaparte's March. On the Tuesday following his death, his remains were attended to the parish church by all the professional singers and amateurs in Leeds and neighbourhood, a most numerous bod} 7 , who sang an anthem before the funeral procession left his own house, and another when they bade him a final farewell in the churchyard : and the superior style in which they poured out their har- monious and plaintive notes in the hymns in the streets, and in the psalms at church, had a most powerful effect on all who heard them. His company was remarkably placid and pleasant, and it had become proverbial, that where Clifford was, drunkenness and riot never showed their heads. He was deemed the father of the musical club in Leeds, and the members, after the funeral, repaired to their room, and spent the evening in various solemnities of music adapted to the occasion, in remembrance of their respected and lamented friend. — See the Leeds Mercury, &c, for May, 1811. — 1811. Sir William Mo rd aunt Milner, Bart., whose grandfather, an alderman of Leeds, presented the statue of Queen Anne, at the top of Briggate, to the Corporation, expired September 9th, 1811, at his seat, Nun- THE REV. MILES ATKINSON, E.A. 243 native benevolence and tenderness of heart, which he extended to every part of the sensitive creation. He not only avoided giving pain to, but he frequently exerted himself in rescuing from a state of suffering, worms and insects. He was from the beginning brought up by his father in strict habits of religion, and accustomed to prayer. From a child he manifested an earnest desire for the ministry. Before he went to the univer- sity, he frequently visited the poor cottagers in his father's parish, and conversed with them on the state of their souls; at the same time his judgment was no less sound than his dis- position was serious. He received the first rudiments of educa- tion from his father; but his talents for learning did not become conspicuous before he was thirteen or fourteen years old— after which his progress was so rapid, that at the age of sixteen or seventeen he was admitted of Peter House, Cambridge : where, during the whole term of his pupilage, his conduct was so uniformly moral and regular, that Dr. Law, who was then master of the college, and afterwards Bishop of Carlisle, held him forth as a model for the imitation of his fellow-students. This strictness of conduct in so young a man, surrounded by numberless temptations, brought upon him, as might be expected, the sneers of those to whom his behaviour was a reproach. But that he was enabled to withstand the railleries of the vicious, and the allurements of pleasure, must be ascribed to the strength of his religious principles, as he had nothing cold or phlegmatic in his constitution. During his residence in college, he was so strict an observer of the Sabbath, that on that day he never read or wrote on any other than religious Appleton, near Tadcaster, in the fifty-seventh year of his age. He was chosen representative for the city of York in four successive parliaments, during which he maintained what he believed to be the public interest with exemplary consistency. He was a true friend to old English liberty, and neither place nor pension were ever objects of his pursuit. His political life, like his domestic, was unsullied with a blot. There was nothing mean nor sordid in his character. He was frank, open, generous; and all the best affections seem to have made his heart their favourite abode. His loss was long felt, and deeply lamented by his relatives and friends; and by none more than by him who wrote these few lines to record his worth, which lu- had an opportunity of observing during an intimacy of twenty years. He was succeeded in his title by his eldest son, Sir William M. Start Milner, Bart. — See Note in this vol., p. 151 ; Leeds Mercury, &c, for September, 1811, &c. Lady Milner died at Exeter, in January, 1805. A very few years back, her ladyship was admired as the finest, the most beautiful, and accomplished woman in the fashionable world, of winch she was at once the ornament and the leader. For two years past, her ladyship had been in a very declining state of health, and obliged to withdraw from those scenes of elegant life over which her taste and accomplishments had so long shed a lustre. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for January, 1805. 24:4 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXS1S. subjects. He passed a very respectable examination for tlie degree of B.A. in January, 1703, aud was the sixth wrangler of that year in which Mr. (afterwards the celebrated Dr.) Paley was senior wrangler. He never proceeded to any higher degree. In March, 1 764, he was ordained deacon by the Bishop (Green) of Lincoln, and in May, 1766, he was ordained priest by Archbishop Drummond. Mr. Atkinson commenced his ministerial labours as curate of the late Rev. Dr. Kirshaw, at the parish church of Leeds, the great scene of his future use- fulness. He preached his first sermon in that church from Acts xvi. 30. In this situation he continued about three years, during which period he made a point of visiting five or six families daily— the individual sick amongst whom amounted on the whole to nearly three thousand. By these exertions he so much engaged the affections of the poor, that when he preached the church was always crowded. In February, 1761, he was licensed to the head-mastership of the school at Drighlington, near Leeds, to which he had been nominated by Dr. Law, master of Peter House, of which he continued to receive the emoluments till the year 1770. In April, 1768, he married Miss Mary Kenion, with whom he lived above thirty years in the most uninterrupted bonds of conjugal affection; and in May of the same year he removed to Aberford, where he only remained about twelve months, being nominated to the lecture- ship of the parish church of Leeds: an event of unspeakable importance to many thousands of souls. As this was one of the largest congregations, so it was one of the most extensive scenes of usefulness, in the church. He seldom preached to fewer than three thousand persons; and such was the power with which he spoke, that the happy effect of his labours soon became apparent. The private ministerial labours of Mr. Atkinson in the populous town of Leeds were so various and unceasing, that it is difficult to speak of them otherwise than in general terms.'"' In visiting the patients of the General * The example of Mr. Atkinson supported and enforced the doctrines which he taught. He was distinguished by fortitude and fi delity in his religious course. In early life he rejected offers of preferment which were made to him, on condition of laying aside his obnoxious religion. To the close of his days he baldly and faithfully set forth the whole counsel of God; never speaking smooth things to please men; never sparing a sin because it was fashionable; never composing his sermons so as to please the higher ranks, while he left the poor to perish for lack of knowledge. His language was plain, but fervent ; his rebukes earnest; and many who heard him were led to renounce their sins, and turn to God. His private life was marked with the same integrity winch distinguished his public ministry. — See his Funeral Sermon, by the Rev. Thomas (Dikes or) Dykes, LL.B., &c. THE EEV. MILES ATKINSON, L.A. 245 Infirmary, an extensive and well-conducted institution, many, by his means, who came to be healed in their bodies, returned with a much greater blessing, having found health and peace to their souls. From 1773 to 1780, he was morning assistant to the Rev. Mr. Simon, vicar of Whitchurch, near Leeds. In 1783 he was instituted to the vicarage of Kippax, near Leeds; which afforded him not only an agreeable retreat in summer, but what he much more desired, new opportunities of ministerial usefulness. It was owing principally to his exertions that Sunday schools were established in Leeds. In September, 1791, he laid the foundation-stone of St. Paul's church, in Leeds (for a fine engraving of which see Whitaker's Thoresby, &c), on a site which had been given him by Dr. Christopher Wilson, Bishop of Bristol, and which was consecrated September 10th, 1793, by Dr. William Markham,'"" Archbishop of York. His attachment to the constitution of his country, in Church and State, was active as well as zealous. He was ever ready to assist, either by his pen, his influence, or example, in furthering any measures which tended to promote the common welfare of the nation, the efficacy of the laws, the safety of his sovereign, and the happiness of his fellow-subjects. Few men were more steady and active than he, in times peculiaidy pregnant with * The Markkanis of Becca Hall, near Leeds, are descended from this arch- bishop, who died in 1807, leaving issue:— 1, William, his heir; 2, John, born in 1761, an admiral R.N., and M.P. for Portsmouth, who died in 1827; 3, George, born in 1703, dean of York; 4, David, a colonel in the army; 5, Robert, archdeacon of York, and rector of Bolton Percy; 6, Osborne, M.P., who married the Lady Mary Thynne, daughter of the first Marquis of Bath, &c. William Markham, Esq.. the eldest son and heir, born in April, 1760, was private secretary to Warren Hastings, and subsequently resident for some time at Benares, in India; eventually returning to Yorkshire, he seated himself at Becca Hall, near Aberford. He died January 1st, 1815, leaving issue : — 1, William, his heir; 2, John, born in June, 1797, a lieutenant R.N.; 3, David Frederick, born in March, 1800, canon of Windsor, married Catherine, daughter of Sir William Mordaunt Milner, Bart., of Nun-Appleton ; 4, Warren, born in July, 1801, a captain in 72nd Highlanders; 5, Charles, born in March, 1803, lieutenant-colonel in the 60th Panes, married Emma, daughter of the Rev. Ralph Brandling : — 1, Emma, married to AVilliam Rookes Crompton Stansfield, Esq., recently of Esholt Hall, near Leeds; 2, Laura, married to Colonel William Mure; 3, Lucy, married to Henry Lewis AVick- ham, Esq., only son of the Right Eon. "William Wickham. William .'■ ham, Esq., of Becca Hall, J.P. and D.L., the eldest son and heir, born .lime 28th, 1706, colonel of the 2nd West York Militia, died January 26th, L852, leaving issue :— 1, William Thomas, his heir; 2, Edwin, born in 'March, 1833, lieutenant in the Royal Artillery; 3, Francis, horn October 31st, 1837, in the rifle brigade; 1, Alfred, born June 26th, 1839, in the royal navy, &c. William Thomas Markham, Esq., of Becca Hull, .1.1'., his eldest son and heir, horn July i:;th, 1830, served in the rifle bi ad Coldstream (Jinmls from 184S to 1856; now colonel of the Leeds Kill" Volunteers, &c. — See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c 246 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. insurrection and sedition.* He died, aged seventy, on the 6th of February, 1811, and was interred in St. Paul's church, Leeds, amidst the tears and sighs of a numerous and affectionate people. + On the following Sunday his funeral sermon was preached at St. Paul's, to a most crowded congregation, by the * Mr. Atkinson was also a true patriot. Loyalty to his king, love to his country, and veneration for constituted authorities, manifested themselves in him on all occasions. He considered ministers and magistrates as the great delegates of heaven ; as the chief promoters and supporters, under divine providence, of civil order and national happiness. His patriotic feelings were most energetically expressed in a sermon which he preached at the parish church in Leeds, on the day of National Jubilee, and which was published at Leeds in 1809. t We cannot suffer the irreparable loss, says the Leeds Intelligencer for February, 1811, sustained by the public through this afflicting event, to be recorded without some testimony (however unequal to the task), of that sincere respect for his character while living, and of unfeigned regret for his departure, which his intrinsic worth so fully demanded. His zeal for the service of his Divine Master was constantly manifested by his earnest, una- bated concern for the immortal welfare of those committed to ;his charge, as displayed for the long space of nearly forty-eight years, during which he officiated as lecturer of St. Peter's church, Leeds. He was, in every sense of the word, that most estimable of all characters, the exemplary parish priest ; and of him it may truly be said, that, while dispensing the bread of life, — "At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the venerable place; Truth, from his lips, prevail'd with double sway." In piety to his God — at once fervent and rational; equally removed from the extremes of torpid indifference and wild fanaticism — he was excelled by none, and the faithful, unremitted discharge of his public duty richly entitled him to the praise so beautifully expressed by Cowper, in honour of the truly Christian clergyman : — " Simple, grave, sincere; In doctrine uncorrupt; in language plain, And plain iu manner; decent, solemn, chaste, And natural in gesture ; much impress'd Himself, as conscious of his awful charge, And anxious mainly that the flock he feeds May feel it too ; affectionate in look, And tender in address, as well becomes A messenger of grace to guilty men." His private life corresponded with his public prof essions —a kind and tender father, a zealous and affectionate friend, and those who had the happiness of being admitted to his social circle can testify the cordial esteem which his unadulterated manners and solid acquirements were so well calculated to inspire. In unshaken loyalty to his king, his merit shone conspicuous. But to enter at large upon the character of this invaluable servant of the public, whether as a minister, a subject, a father, brother, or friend, would occupy a volume; suffice it to say, that this tribute of unfeigned veneration for his memory comes from the heart of one who feels a melancholy pleasure in reflect- ing that our loss will be his unspeakable gain ; and in classing himself amongst those by whom this upright pastor lived respected, died regretted, and in whose breasts his numerous virtues deserve to be for ever embalmed : — "The sweet remembrance of the just, Shall flourish when he sleeps in dust." THE REV. JOSEPH JOWETT, LL.D. 247 Rev. Tlioraas Dykes, of Hull, from the first and second verses of the 57th chapter of Isaiah, which Sermon was afterwards printed. Another sermon was preached on this mournful occa- sion, in the afternoon of the same day, at the parish church, by the Rev. Peter Haddon, vicar of Leeds, from the fourth and fifth verses of the 49th chapter of Isaiah. His person was athletic ; his countenance awful, yet easily softened into an expression of benignity- his voice strong and sonorous. — For his portrait, pedigree, &c, see Whitaker's Thoresby ; and for a more detailed account, with portrait, see the Short Memoir pre- fixed to his Practical Sermons, published in 2 vols., by Long- man & Co., in 1812, from which this Sketch is chiefly compiled. See also the Christian Observer for April, 1811, &c. 1750—1813. THE EEV. JOSEPH JOWETT, LL.D., Pvegius Professor of Civil Law in the University of Cambridge, born at Leeds about the year 1750, and educated at the Leeds Grammar School, died suddenly at his residence in Trinity Hall, Cambridge, on the 13th of November, 1813, in the sixty- third year of his age. During the college residencies of forty- three years, Dr. Jowett had been in the habit of spending two evenings a week alone with the Rev. Dr. Milner, dean of Carlisle, his oldest academical intimate. In this manner was passed the evening of Wednesday, the 10th of November, 1813, at Queen's College lodge ; Dr. Jowett being then, to all appear- ance, in perfect health. The next day he drew up the Annual Report of the Cambridge Auxiliary Bible Society. On Friday he read the report to the committee, with a distinct and audible voice; and it was generally observed that the professor never appeared in better health and spirits than at that time. That evening he became in some degree unwell, and passed a restless night; and, in the forenoon of Saturday, complained of a giddi- ness and disposition to faint. He walked, however, about two o'clock, to Queen's College lodge; but with considerable diffi- culty and some interruptions. The dean of Carlisle observed thut his countenance was alarmingly pale, and that his pulse was uncommonly weak, with frequent intermissions, so as some- times to be scarcely sensible. By the administration of a warm cordial draught, the stroke of his pulse soon became firm and regular, his countenance recovered its usual florid appearance, and he walked about the room conversing with as much cheer fulness as if nothing had happened. " If all be well, I will visit you to-morrow evening, as usual/' were the last words he spake 248 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. to Lis friend. The symptoms of returning health were, how- ever, but of short duration — not niore than an hour; for, in walking back to his college, he was seized with another fit of fainting and giddiness; was carried home in a chair, and advised to go into a warm bed. He attempted to take a little broth, and afterwards a little brandy and water, but his stomach rejected both. He grew very restless, rolled from one side of the bed to the other alternately, and complained of great coldness. He had left Queen's College about three o'clock, and before half-past five he was no more. The remains of this good man were deposited in the College chapel of Trinity Hall, on the morning of the 18th November, — the very day of the meeting of the members of the Auxiliary Bible Society. His numerous rela- tives assembled from various parts to attend his funeral, along with the members of his own college, and many of his friends, then resident in the university, or met on occasion of the society's anniversary; and with great truth it may be said, that an assemblage of so much sincere and unaffected respect, of such profound sympathy, and even of mournful regret for the loss sustained by those who survive this excellent man — tempered, however, with a most entire conviction that the awful change was to himself an unspeakable gain — is veiy far from being an ordi- nary event in the history of funereal sensibilities and attentions. (For the eulogistic speeches of Professor Farish and Mr. Dealtry at the Bible Meeting, held immediately after the funeral, see the Christian Observer, for December, 1813.) The report itself is a specimen of that neat, perspicuous, and forcible style which characterized the compositions of Dr. Jowett; and the prepara- tion of it was the last of his public services. He was looking forward to the approaching anniversary with delight, because he knew that there would be on that day a most magnificent dis- play of the successes of the Bible Society. He himself loved his Bible, and being deeply sensible of its worth, he was anxious for its dispersion, and rejoiced in that extraordinary zeal and unanimity which have constantly distinguished the proceedings both of the parent society and its auxiliai'ies. " It cannot be otherwise, than that in this afflictive separation the near rela- tives of Dr. Jowett should experience a heavy stroke. Those of them who are more advanced in life will look back on a long series of useful and affectionate intercourse, now terminated, and, in this world, never more to be resumed ; and the younger branches of his family connections will, no doubt, often be l'eminded how kind and valuable a friend, how wise and faithful an adviser, they have lost; and how seldom such a loss is after- THE REV. JOSEPH JOWETT, LL.D. 249 wards to be repaired in any considerable degree, in a world where self-interests and partial affections so greatly predominate. It will easily be understood, that after the first effusions of gx-ief and surprise have subsided into a more sedate and pensive state of the affections, there is, perhaps, no individual who will experience more substantial causes for painful and melancholy reflection than Dean Milner. The recollection of what he has lost, and can never hope to recover, will assuredly hang heavy on his mind as long as he lives. The dean has reason to thank God, that he is by no means without excellent friends, and friends, too, of long and tried worth, who possess large portions of his heart. But, alas ! he looks around in A*ain for any one to supply the place of Dr. Jowett, either by proximity of residence and facility of communication, or by similarity of studies, and disencumbrance from domestic concerns. The evils unavoidably consequent on the dean's necessary habits of retirement, were either removed or very much lessened by his constant inter- course with his steady friend — always near, benevolent, and communicative — the late professor of civil law. In mathe- matical pursuits, and in subjects of natural philosophy, though these two friends were of the same academical year, and for some time likely to have been competitors for the university honours at degree time, they constantly read together, afforded mutual assistance to each other, and always communicated the respective progress they were making, without the least reserve or jealousy." The deceased professor of civil law was not origi- nally of Trinity Hall. He was admitted, in June, 1769, at Trinity College, under the tuition of the late Eev. Dr. Postle- thwaite, where he continued till January, 1773; when Dr. Halifax (or Hallifax), late bishop of St. Asaph, and at that time regius professor of civil law, applied to his intimate friend, Dr. Postlethwaite, to recommend to him one of his pupils, whom he should judge to be a proper person to remove from Trinity College to Trinity Hall, under the flattering prospect of being made immediately the assistant tutor of the college, then Fellow and principal tutor, and of afterwards obtaining the professor- ship itself, on the appointment of Dr. Halifax to a bishopric, an event which was supposed to be not very distant. The proposal being made to Dr. Jowett, his pious father acceded to it with considerable reluctance and hesitation. "The present plan," he said, "was quite contrary to all his views and wishes. He had set his heart on his son's becoming a useful, active minister in the church, and for that purpose had sent him to college, and not that he should be buried in pursuits of litera- 250 BIOGEAPHIA LEODIENSIS. fcure." After some explanations, the worthy parent gave way to the advice of certain friends, whose judgment he respected, and whose knowledge of academical concerns he allowed to be much superior to his own. Dr. Jowett was not disappointed in his prospects at Trinity Hall. Dr. Halifax by marriage vacated his Fellowship, October, 1775; and Dr. Jowett, in the suc- ceeding month, was elected Fellow in his place, and became the principal tutor of the college. In the year 1781, Dr. Halifax was promoted to the see of Gloucester; and, in the month of May of the succeeding year, Dr. Jowett obtained his Majesty's patent, appointing him regius professor of civil law in the University of Cambridge. The Fellowship of Dr. Jowett, and his office as tutor, became vacant in the year 1795, the usual term of a twelvemonth having elapsed after he had been collated by the Master and Fellows of Trinity Hall to the living of Wethersfield, in Essex.* But he retained his situation as professor of civil law, and continued to discharge all the difficult and important duties of it with great ability and exemplary assiduity, till removed by his premature decease. The long .summer vacations, when his presence was not called for in the university, were spent in a conscientious care of his parish. It .soon appeared with how much judgment and foresight the Rev. Dr. Postlethwaite had selected from among his own pupils Dr. Jowett to be the successor of Dr. Halifax. A clear under- standing, and a strong taste for mathematics, eminently quali- fied him to make rapid progress in that science; but further cultivation of it, to any considerable degree, was now found inconsistent with the duties of his situation. Numbers of his pupils, many of them persons of rank and distinction, were ready to report the solid sense contained in his annual courses of lectures on the civil law, aud the elegance and perspicuity Avith wdiich he used to compare together certain branches of the Roman and British jurisprudence. This part of the professor's lectures was always considered as peculiarly instructive and gratifying. The extreme facility, the unaffected neatness, the classical purity with which, when presiding in the public dis- putations, he was accustomed to deliver his observations in Latin — remarkably condensed as they always were — have long been the admiration of the most elegant classical scholars in the University of Cambridge. A profound knowledge in divinity formed another part of the character of Dr. Jowett. * Which had become vacant by the death of the Rev. Christopher Atkin- son, brother to the Rev. Miles Atkinson, B.A., incumbent of St. Paiil's, Leeds, &g. THE REV. JOSEPH JOWETT, LL.D. 251 Perfectly orthodox in his religious sentiments, extraordinarily ■well acquainted with the several parts of Holy Writ, sedate and impartial in the investigation and exposition of their meaning, he was an inestimable friend to the Established Church j at the same time that the native candour of his dis- position led him to exercise a most exemplary Christian charity towards all other religious denominations. In one word, the University of Cambridge, in the premature decease of Dr. Jowett, will have long to lament the loss of one of its most useful, learned, and upright members. The influence of Dr. Jowett, considered as a religious character, was by no means confined to his speculations in the closet. He exemplified the Christian character throughout the whole of his conduct. It is well known that the tender consciences of pious young persons, who have had the benefit of a religious education, are often treated with contempt and ridicule; and that their zeal in the cause of religion, however unexceptionable in its operations and effects, is exposed to the misrepresentation, obloquy, and perse- cution of the profane and ungodly. Now it is here that the deceased professor, by his rank, his learning, and his modera- tion, and by his firmness and counsel, proved, in many instances, an admirable support to the oppressed, and a shield against the oppressor. Who dared to ridicule the preacher, to whose dis- courses Dr. Jowett was frequently known to listen ? And how often has the modest, diffident youth, when derided by his com- panions for being over religious, silenced their profane reproaches by appealing to the example of Dr. Jowett ! How often have both young graduates and undergraduates, of a pious turn of mind, been kindly taken by the hand, and directed and supported in their Christian course by the same judicious and excellent person! This part of his character may not be very generally known; but those who did know it, know also how extensiv lv useful this species of patronage was found to be in the Univer- sity of Cambridge, under the accredited management and direc- tion of such a person as the late regius professor of civil law. Notwithstanding his great attainments, and his numerous occu- pations, the professor was rarely observed to be pressed for time. Exact and regular in his arrangements, ternpci'ate and even abstemious in his indulgences, he found the twenty-four hours sufficient for every necessary or desirable purpose of life. He constantly adhered to the habit of early rising — a practice which, he used to say, gave him plenty of time both for study and for bodily exercise and mental relaxation. His great talents enabled him to go through much business with little comparative 252 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. labour. His temper was naturally cheerful and lively; and his passions were at all times obedient to a systematic discipline, His own internal resources were so abundant, that his spirits were rarely known to flag; he was not only an example of a person of excellent health, but of one who himself possessed many of the veiy best preservatives of good health — viz., a natural serenit}^ of mind, supported and improved by a good conscience, and a steady hope and prospect of eternal happiness, founded on the divine promises in Christ Jesus ; and these superior principles by no means excluded from the mind of Dr. Jowett an extraordinary relish for many innocent and rational enjoyments of an inferior value. Often he regaled his senses in admiring the beauties of nature, but oftener refreshed his intel- lectual faculties by perusing the best compositions both in prose and verse. He was passionately fond of music, and a warm admirer of the finest productions of the great masters in painting and architecture.* "Long, indeed, will this great and good character be remembei'ed in the University of Cambridge, which for so many years has reaped the benefit of his uninter- rupted residence. The station, knowledge, and experience of Dr. Jowett pointed him out, in many iu stances, as a proper member of the Syndicate for the consideration of public busi- ness, and as an examiner of candidates for academical scholar- ships. In these things, the professor of civil law was peculiarly distinguished for the exei"cise of his industry, good sense, and impartiality. On the whole, though we are bound to allow that so learned and respectable a body as the University of Cambridge can have no difficulty in supplying the place of Dr. Jowett, yet, at the same time, we believe it must be confessed that this excellent person will seldom be surpassed in the essen- tial qualifications of learning, wisdom, piety, and sound prin- * Dr. Mansell, some time vicar of Barwick-in-Elmet, near Leeds, and after- wards Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Lord Bishop of Bristol, whilst a Bachelor of Arts, at Cambridge, rendered himself at once famous and formidable by his satirical writings, and in particular distinguished him- self as the author of several well-written jeux oVesprits. Dr. Jowett, of Trinity Hall, the late acute and judicious professor of civil law, having amused both himself and the public by a pretty little fairy garden, with narrow gravel walks, besprinkled with shells and pellucid pebbles, the whole being enclosed by a delicate Chinese railing, somewhat in the style of the citizen's country villa described by Lloyd, the following lines were written by Dr. Mansell, On the Garden of Joseph Jowett, LL.D. :— " A little garden little Jowett made, And fenced it with a little palisade ; If you would know the taste of little Jowett, This little garden won't a little show it." MR. SAMUEL BIRCHALL. 253 ciples of every kind." — The greater part of the above tribute of affection is generally supposed to have been written by the Very Eev. Isaac Milner, D.D., F.R.S., Master of Queen's College, Cambridge, &c. — See the Christian Observer, vol. xii. ; Life of Isaac Milner, 1842, p. 581, &c, &c. 1761—1814.* MR. SAMUEL BIECHALL, "Woolstapler, of Leeds, was a member of the Society of Friends, and an ardent lover of everything connected with natural his- tory, and other scientific and antiquarian pursuits. He formed valuable collections of stuffed brrds and beasts, of mineralogy, of gold and silver coins, and of copper tokens — especially of those that were chiefly issued between 1786 and 1796; and of these last he published a descriptive work, entitled, "Birchall's Provincial Copper Coins or Tokens (in alphabetical order; Leeds, 1796)", much sought after even yet by those curious in such col- lections. He kept up an extensive acquaintance with men of letters of similar pursuits in other parts of the country. He was born in 1761, and died May 17th, 1814, aged fifty-three years. Some of the above particulars have been kindly contri- buted by his grandson, J. D. Birehall, Esq., the eminent woollen merchant, of Wellington Street, Leeds. * — 1814. Mr. Joseph Ltxslet, who for upwards of thirty-four years was governor of the Leeds Workhouse, and filled that important, though often unthankful, office with infinite credit to himself and advantage to the town, died January 10th, 1814, aged seventy-three years. This benevolent yet economical guardian of the poor was often visited by the philanthropic Howard, who wrote as follows : — " The poor of Leeds are well fed, and taken care of; indeed they, and the people at large, are happy in having a worthy and very honest man for the governor of the workhouse, a Mr. Linsley, who was formerly a manufacturer in the town. His temper and disposition, as well as those of li is wife, seem peculiarly adapted to their charge; mildness and attention to the complaints of the meanest, joined with firmness of manner, gain the respect of those who are placed under their care. I am at the same time convinced, by his open manner in showing me the books, that he transacts the business of the town with rectitude and economy." He was attended to his giave by a great number of the respectable inhabitants. — See the Leeds Mercury for January, 1814; and for a longer account, see also the Leeds InteUiycncer, &c. —1814. JAMES LUCAS, Esq., Fellow of the Itova] College of Surgeons, I, oikI. m, died December 6th, 1814, at West House, near Ripon, aged seventy years. Example is never more instructive and Interesting than when profes- sional ability is associated with private worth. Mr. Lucas was a, natiw .if Leeds, and his birth did honour to it. Here he spent, the first and Lai portion <>f his life, aiel l.oeniiie 1 1 i -, t i nguished as well for the eminence of bis surgical skill as for (hose general habits which raise the human character, and rendei i le in any condition of life. Bis practice was extensive, and the public confidence in him was not misplaced. There are many still living 254 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. 1733—1814. THE EEV. JAMES SCOTT, D.D., Ail eloquent preacher belonging to the Church of England, and a zealous political writer, was bom at Leeds in 1733. His father, James Scott,'"' was minister of Trinity church, Leeds, and vicar of Bardsey. He was educated at Bradford School, and admitted pensioner of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, in 1752, but afterwards removed to Trinity College. He took the degree of B.A. in 1757, and was chosen Fellow the next year. His first employment in the church was the lectureship of St. John's, Leeds, which he held till he took the degree of M.A. in 1760. There his oratorical powers were first displayed. He had accus- tomed himself to composition in college, and immediately after his degree, he devoted his time to the study of divinity; he was therefore enabled to write his sermons, and with so much care did he apply himself to the task, that he preached, after some corrections and additions, some of those sermons in the latter part of his life, which he had written at the earliest clerical age. His mind and heart were in his profession ; for no sooner had he preached one sermon than he began to prepare another. The young encouraged his zeal with their applauses; the old gladdened his heart with their prayers. In 1768 he took the degree of B.D., and in 1775 that of D.D. He served the curacy of Edmonton from 1760 to 1761, after which he resided in college. He frequently occupied the university pulpit; and whenever he preached, St. Mary's was crowded — the parts of the church appropriated to the university were also filled. Noblemen, bishops, heads of houses, professors, tutors, masters of arts, undergraduates, all attended St. Mary's to hear this celebrated preacher. The inhabitants of the town expressed the same eagerness ; for in hearing Mr. Scott, their under- standings were informed, and their affections interested. The who can bear testimony to his merits. From its first institution to the year 1794, he was one of the surgeons to the Leeds General Infirmary, and contri- buted, by his voluntary labours, to lay the foundation of its great and increasing fame. But the talents and station of many of his pupils furnish cut his highest panegyric. — See the Leeds Papers, &c, for December, 1814. * His father, the Rev. James Scott, M.A., who died in 1782 (for a notice of whom, see p. 145), was Fellow of University College, Oxford; afterwards minister of Trinity church, Leeds, for fifty-five years, and vicar of Bardsey, in Yorkshire ; and was also domestic chaplain to Frederick, Prince of Wales. He married a lady of the name of Wickham, who was grand-daughter to John Wickham, dean of York, and lineally descended from William Wick- ham, bishop of Winchester, who married one of the daughters of William Barton, bishop of Chichester, of whom the following remarkable circum- stance is recorded in Camden : that he had five daughters all married to English bishops. THE REV. JAMES SCOTT, D.D. 255 discourses usually addressed to the university are in general uninteresting beyond what can be conceived; the matter studi- ously abstruse, and the delivery of it unimpassioned and lifeless. Mr. Scott, therefore, deviated altogether from the usual mode of preaching: the subjects of his discourses attracted attention, the discussion of them awakened the feelings, and the elocution of tbe preacher captivated and fascinated the hoary sage, the ingenuous youth, and the unlettered Christian.* About the year 1764, Dr. Scott resided partly in London, and formed habits of intimacy with the father of the late Earl of Sand- wich, the Earl of Halifax, and with other public characters who were connected with Mi*. Grenville's administration. Under their patronage he wrote in 17 Go the letters signed Anti-Sejanus, which were published in the Public Advertiser, and were so popular that they raised the sale of the paper from 1,500 to 3,000 a day.t In 1768 the church of St. John's, in Leeds, became vacant, which, as well as Trinity church, was built and endowed by an ancestor of Dr. Scott, who left the nomination to the mayor, the three senior aldermen, and the vicar. For this preferment he was a candidate, and had the votes of two of the senior aldermen: he might have obtained the mayor's vote also, but it must have been at the expense of truth and honour: in consequence of which he lost the living of St. John's, endowed by his ancestor (the benevolent John Har- rison) with lands now worth upwards of £600 a year. Being the popular candidate, although his opponent was a man of extensive learning and exemplary character; and the whole of that populous town, including the Dissenters of every denomi- nation, feeling a personal interest in his success, apprehensions w-ere entertained that serious commotions would take place. Happily the general indignation subsided. To compensate in some measure for the grievous disappointment the town sus- * He once displeased the undergraduates by preaching against gaming ; they manifested their disapprobation by scraping with their feet, and inter- rupting him in the delivery of his discourse. The next time he preached, he chose for his text, " Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God," kc. ; which he no sooner pronounced than the galleries were in an uproar; but the interposition of the university officers producing silence, he delivered a discourse so eloquent, appropriate, and impressive, as to extort universal approbation. T These Letters, unfortunately, were never collected; but many of them were published in 1767, in a work called A ('o/hrtion of Interesting Letters. His intention in writing them was not so much to serve a party, as to expose the mischief of favouritism. He chose, therefore, the signature of Anti- Sejanus, Sejanus having been the great favourite of Tiberius, who advanced him to the highest situation in government. There are likewise some others, signed PMUvnglia, written by Dr. Scott. 2o6 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. tained, Dr. Scott was urgently requested to pi-each at his father's church in the afternoon, when a very munificent subscription was made for the purpose. One inconvenience, however, arose from this new appointment, which was not foreseen. All the principal inhabitants at that time went to Trinity church, his father having been popular as a preacher; but, that they might get to their seats, they were obliged, in consequence of the vast crowds which uniformly attended, to go when the doors were first opened, and to sit nearly an hour before the service began. An assembly so crowded by both rich and poor, by Churchmen and Dissenters of eveiy denomination, so eager to hear, and so edified in hearing, is seldom witnessed. He continued the lectureship only one year. In his farewell sermon, which was printed, he pathetically addressed his hearers, whilst tears were trickling from every eye, — "God is my record that I have wished for nothing so earnestly, have prayed for nothing so fervently, have laboured for nothing so abundantly, as the salvation of your souls." In 1769 he was earnestly importuned to resume his political pen, which he did under the signature of Old Sly Boots, and several others. These Essays were collected and published in a small octavo volume. Dr. Scott has often declared, upon his word as a clergyman and a gentleman, that he never, during his whole political warfare, received the smallest emolu- ment, either pecuniary or of any other kind. He had promises in abundance from Lord North, but they were none of them fulfilled. In 1771, after being presented to the rectory of Sinionburn, in Northumberland, obtained for liim by Lord Sandwich, who was then First Lord of the Admiralty, he mar- ried Anne, daughter of Henry Scott, Esq., and had three children, who died young. Dr. Scott was, as may be supposed, pursued with the utmost rancour and malevolence during the litigation which he had with his parishioners;* all which he bore with the utmost composure, until a desperate attempt was made upon his life. He then left Simonburn and went to London, where he resided in Park Street, Grosvenor Square, * It was Dr. Scott's misfortune to succeed a clergyman who was so totally negligent of his temporal affairs, that although he had held the living rds of fifty -two years, it produced less to him at his decease than il did at his induction. A number of surreptitious moduses had crept in, which his long incumbency established; and the parishioners had been so accustomed to pay to the rector just what they pleased, that they looked upon his demands as oppressive and illegal; they therefore threatened him that they would lay all their corn-lands down with grass, if he would not take what they were disposed to give him for their tithes, and he then should have no corn-tithe at all. After his arguments were disregarded, his persua- sions ridiculed, and his proposals rejected, he was reduced to the necessity of THE REV. JAMES SCOTT, D.D. m and preached frequently at St. George's, Hanover Square, at Park Street and Audley chapels. Many applications were made to him to preach occasional and charity sermons; and when he was solicited to do a favour, of whatever kind, consistent with his principles, he was never known to refuse. In summer he lived at the pleasant village of Thornton,* in the district of Craven, in Yorkshire; the living of which the late Sir John Kaye was so kind to him as to give to his curate, that he might be accom- modated with a house to dwell, and a church to preach in. Dr. Scott published ten occasional sermons,t and printed one claiming the tithe of agistment for barren and unprofitable cattle; and he accordingly filed a bid in the Court of Exchequer in 1774, to substantiate his claim. He had two decrees in his favour, and several submissions in court; notwithstanding which, his parishioners would not concede to his demands, which he prosecuted for more than twenty years, at the expense of nearly £10,000. The litigation at length was closed upon the following conditions : — The rector was to give up the tithe of agistment during his incumbency, reserving the right to his successors; and the farmers were to pay the cost of the suit, amounting to upwards of £2,400; from which concession it is evident that they felt that the ground under them was giving way. The agistment tithe had been estimated at £2,000 a year ; the parish was 34 miles long, about 14 broad, and 103 round. " It was a rectory of such magni- tude and value that, on the next presentation, it was intended to be divided into four, or, perhaps, into six, distinct benefices, each of which would be a very acceptable preferment to the divine who might be so fortunate as to obtain it." After his death, this large and valuable rectoiy was subdivided, under the authority of an act of parliament ; and the commissioners of Greenwich Hospital presented the Rev. David Evans, late of AYadham College, Oxford, to the principal rectory of the mother church at Simonburn, in reward for his long and meritorious services at sea, and as chaplain of the Royal Naval Hospital at Haslar. The offspring minor rectories adjacent, at £500 a year each, were conferred on the Rev. John Davis, the Rev. Evan Halliday, the Rev. W. Salter, the Rev. W. Evans, and the Rev. W. Jones, all chaplains in the royal navy. * In the parish of Thornton there were many sectaries who had an idea that a clergyman had not the gift of preaching, as their ministers did, extem- pore; he, therefore, preached to them memoriter for many years. But this, indeed, may be said to have been his usual mode of preaching. He generally took his sermon into the pulpit, but seldom looked at it ; for, being short- sighted, it was of little use to him; he, on that account, invariably repeated it. Some previous labour was certainly requisite, but the effect was aston- ishing. "|" In the line of his profession, Dr. Scott was distinguished by several elegant discourses. How far a State of Dependence and a Sense of Gratitude should Influence our Conduct; a sermon preached before the University of Cambridge, January 1st, 1704. A Sermon at the Visitation at Wakefield, July 25th, 1709; which produced a pamphlet called Remarks, &c, censuring the preaclier f'>r having entertained Ids audience with a "political declama- tion." A Farewell Sermon at Trinity Church, Leeds, November 5th, 1769. Bethcsda, or the House of Mercy ; a sermon preached at the parish church of St. Nicholas, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, July 20th, 1777, before the govern., . of the Infirmary. A Sermon preached at York on the 29th <>f March, 1780, for the benefit of the Lunatic Asylum. A Sermon preached at York, in 1781 ; and A Sermon preached at Pork Street Chapel, on April 19th, 1793, being the day appointed for a general fast. By James Scott, D.D., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 4to., &c. R 258 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. for tlie benefit of his parishioners, on The Necessity of Receiving the Holy Sacrament. He also published three Seatonian Prize Poems, &c.,'"" which exalt him high as a poet. When he left school, he was an admirable classical scholar; and during his whole life he continued to read the principal Greek and Latin authors, thereby improving his knowledge and refining his taste. He devoted the last three years to the revisal of some of his sermons for the press, intending to publish two volumes. As a public speaker he had scarcely an equal; his voice was loud and harmonious; his action solemn and dignified; there was no appearance of vanity, no lure for applause; the glory of his Master, and the salvation of his auditors, seemed alone to engross his mind: it is no wonder, therefore, that in declaring the promises and denouncing the terrors of the Gospel, he produced in an unusual degree the corresponding emotions of comfort and alarm in the breasts of his hearers. These effects have by some been ascribed to the manner rather than the matter, to vehement declamation rather than to genuine pathos. But the occasional sermons which he published evince the fallacy of this criticism. A sermon preached for the Lunatic Asylum at York, is conclusive evidenced In private * In 1760 lie far outstripped his competitors for the Seatonian prize, in a poem which was published under the title of Heaven; and afterwards printed Odes on several Subjects, 1761, 4to. ; a Spousal Hymn, or an Address to his Majesty on his Marriage, 1761, 4to. ; Purity of Heart, a Moral Epistle, which gained the author a second Seatonian prize ; A Hymn to Repentance, 1762, a third prize poem. In 1763 he published The Redemption, a Monody, written for the Seatonian prize, but rejected; and, in the same year, Every Man the Architect of his own Fortune, or the Art of Rising in the Church, a Satire, in which he thus describes himself: — "No sly fanatic, no enthusiast wild, No party-tool, beguiling and beguil'd; No slave to pride, no canting jump to power, No rigid Churchman, no Dissenter sour ; No fawning flatterer to the base and vain, No timist vile, or worshipper of gain ; When gay, not dissolute ; grave, not severe ; Though learn'd, no pedant; civil, though sincere ; Nor mean nor haughty : be one preacher's praise, That — if he rise — he rise by manly ways : Yes, he abhors each sordid, selfish view, And dreads the paths your men of art pursue." t That discourse is to be found in Mr. Clapham's third volume of Selected Sermons; and it may be said without offence to that gentleman, whose labours are very meritorious, and without injury to the characters of those excellent authors whose works he has selected, that Dr. Scott's sermon, as an oratorical composition, stands pre-eminently superior to the whole of the collection. Mr. Clapham says: "His elocution is, I think, greatly superior to what I have ever heard either in the pulpit or the senate; and his sermons, whether considered as elegant compositions or persuasive exhortations, will, when published, be esteemed, I doubt not, superior both to those of Blair THE REV. PETER HADDON, M.A. 259 life he showed himself influenced by the principles of the religion he so powerfully recommended in his public addresses. His fortune being considerable, and his preferment large, he lived in a manner becoming his distinguished station, exercising the utmost hospitality, and singularly happy when he had his friends around Mm, whilst his hands were always open to public charities and to private distress. His manners were refined and polished, and his conversation, beyond that of most other men, was entertaining, interesting, and instructive. Such was Dr. Scott ! Whether he may be considered as a polite scholar and possessed of very extensive learning, as a powerful speaker and an eloquent writer, a chosen instrument in the hands of Pro- vidence to turn many to righteousness, or as an amiable member of society and an exemplary Christian, the Church has lost one of its brightest ornaments. He died December 10th, 1814, in Somerset Street, Portman Square, London, in the 81st year of his age. His entire library was sold by auction, in April, 1815, by Messrs. Leigh and Sotheby. — For additional particulars, see the Gentleman's Magazine; the New Monthly Magazine ; Darling's Cyclopaidia Bibl'wgraphia ; Nichols's Literary Anec- dotes, vol. ix., pp. 125, 724, &c. 1737-1815. THE REV. PETER HADDON, M.A., Elected vicar of Leeds, December 24th, 178(5, was born at Warrington (the only incumbent of this benefice since the pur- chase of the advowson, in Pascet's time, 1583, who was not a native of the West-EAding of Yorkshire); his father, the Rev. John (Hadden or) Haddon, having been rector of that place, and his grandfather vicar of Bolton, in Lancashire. He was educated at Brazen ose College, Oxford, and became vicar of Sandbach, in Cheshire. A graceful person, a cheerful counte- nance, a musical voice, the deportment of a gentleman, and an invincible tranquillity of temper, while they ensured to him many friends, would not have left him an enemy, had not a firm and decided attachment to the constitution of his country in Church and State, drawn down upon him at one period a portion of indignation from the rabble, who were most indebted to him for the lenity and forbearance which he always dis- played in the exaction of his rights. After maintaining his native spirits, and the peculiar elasticity of his movements, to and PortenB. From his occasional sermons, I could select many passages which would abundantly justify the character I have given of his dis- courses." — See C'cuUtinan's Magazine, vol. lxxxi., part 2, p. 348, &c. 2G0 B10GRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. his seventy-eighth year, his constitution, without any specific disease, began to break, and he died of a gradual decay of nature, February 22nd, 1815, aged eighty-two years, after being vicar of Leeds for upwards of twenty-eight years (the fourth incumbent of this benefice in a period of one hundred and twenty-four years).* He was also prebendary of Ripon. As a Christian, a scholar, and a gentleman, few have ever ranked higher than the late venerable and most amiable divine. — For further particulars, see the Leeds Intelligencer ; the New Monthly Magazine; Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, &c. 1734-1815. THE EEV. JOHN HEY, D.D., A very learned divine, the second but eldest surviving son of Mr. Puchard Hey, of Pudsey, near Leeds, was born in July, 1734, and when between nine and ten years of age was sent along with his younger brother William (see the year 1819, in which he died) to an academy at Heath, near "Wakefield, which was superintended by a gentleman of highly respectable character and an eminent mathematician, Mr. Joseph Randall, who con- ducted it upon a large and liberal, though somewhat expensive, plan (the Rev. Dr. Dodgson, afterwards Bishop of Elphin, and the Rev. Mr. Sedgwick, afterwards head-master of the Free Grammar School at Leeds, being classical tutoi*s). When seventeen years of age, in 1751, he went to the University of Cambridge, where he was admitted of Catherine Hall, and he continued a member of that college till 1758, when he removed to a Fellowship in Sidney Sussex College; of which college he continued a member till he quitted the university in 1795. Before he was twenty-one years of age, he had taken his degree of B.A. of Catherine Hall; and when twenty-four his degree of MA. of Sidney Sussex College. He took the degree of B.D. in 1765, and D.D. in 1780. But in 1775 he performed his exercise for his Doctor's degree, in which he gave (says his * The following list is extracted from tlie parish records : — The Rev. John Killimgbeck, chosen vicar of the parish of Leeds in 1690; died February 12th, 1715, aged sixty-six. — See p. 123, &c. The Rev. Joseph Cookson, chosen vicar in 1715, died February 20th, 1746, aged sixty-five. — See p. 158, &c. The Rev. Dr. Kirshaw, chosen 1751, died November 1st, 1786, aged eighty ; whose unsullied purity of morals, unremitted charity, and most exemplary zeal and fidelity in the discharge of all the sacred duties of his profession, deservedly had gained bun the universal esteem of all ranks of his numerous parishioners. — See p. 183, &c. The Rev. Peter ffaddon, chosen 1786, died February 22nd, 1815, aged eighty-two, sincerely esteemed and lamented by almost every individual in his extensive parish. According to the New Monthly Magazine for April, 1815, THE REV. JOHN HEY, D.D. 261 brother Richard) an instance of that mode of disputation which is not usual, and is called a "public act." He was a tutor of Sidney Sussex College from 17 GO to 1779, and he was one of the preachers of his Majesty's chapel at Whitehall. Lord Maynard offered him the rectory of Passenham, in Northamp- tonshire, near Stony Stratford, which he accepted, and immedi- ately vacated his Fellowship in Sidney Sussex College. Not long afterwards he obtained the adjoining rectory of Calverton, in Buckinghamshire, by exchange for one offered to him by the Earl of Clarendon, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. On these two livings he bestowed assiduous pastoral care; the small extent of the whole, and the thin population, enabling him to attend to every distinct family in both parishes. From the time of his obtaining Passenham till about five months before his death, his ordinary residence was there, except the time which the duties of his professorship required him to spend at Cam- bridge. In 1780 he was elected the first Norrisian professor of divinity in the university. In 1785, and again in 1790, the professorship became vacant, by the will of. the founder, Mr. Norris, and he was each time re-elected. In 1795 he ceased to be professor — being too old, by the will, to be re-elected, and having declined to vacate the professorship in 1794, in order to be re-elected within the prescribed age. When tutor in Sidney College, he gave lectures on morality, which were attended by several persons voluntarily (amongst whom were the great statesman, Mr. Pitt, and other persons of rank), besides those pupils whose attendance was required. These lectures on morality have not been printed; but his Lectures on Divinity are before the public, having been printed at the university press, 1796-1798, and published in four octavo volumes. These lectures have passed through three editions ; the last edition, published in 1841, was edited by Bishop Thomas Turton, of Ely.* Dr. Arnold says of this work — " I like no book on the Articles altogether; but Hey's Divinity Lectures at Cambridge seem to me to be the best and fairest of any that I know." And Bishop Kaye -ays of the author — "Dr. John "The king had not a more loyal subject, the Established Church a more firm and consistent minister, or the poor a more benevolent friend." Of him it may most truly be said : — " Omnibus Me fiebilis occidit.'' * These exquisite discourses may boast of the singular honour of having served as the mother's milk to many a babe in divinity, and of having given a just bias to the opening thoughts of many a worthy pillar of the Church, and many an upright son of truth and orthodoxy. When flowing from the mouth of their pious and impressive deliverer, what ear but hung in rapture on the sound ! 262 BIOGKAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Hey was one of the most acute, most impartial, and most judicious divines of modern times." He also published Seven Sermons at different times; and a Poem on Redemption, which gained Seaton's prize in. the university, 1763; Discpurses on the Malevolent Sentiments, in one volume, in 1801. In the year 1811 he printed, without publishing, General Observations on the Writings of St. Paul. In 1814 he divested himself of the whole of his ecclesiastical preferment, which was merely the two livings before mentioned. He removed to London in October; having resigned the living of Calverton at Lady-day, and Passenham on the 10th of October. From that time he continued in London until his death ; growing feeble in body, till, without painful disease, he sunk under that feebleness; retaining to the last a soundness of mind, and giving, to eveiy business that came before him, a remarkable degree of that per- severing attention which had evidently been with him a matter of strict duty through a long course of years. Had a mitre been placed on his head (which was at least once, from good authority, understood to be highly probable), he appeared likely to have discharged the duties imposed by it with the same steady and principled perseverance. He died on the 17th of March, 1815, aged eighty years, and was interred in the burying-ground of St. John's chapel, St. John's Wood, in the paiish of Marylebone, London, in which parish he died. — A short Memoir of this worthy and eminent man appeared in the Literary Memoirs of Living Authors, published in 1798; in the Gentleman's Magazine for April, 1815, p. 371, &c; in Rose's Biographical Dictionary, &c. See also Darling's Cyclopaedia Bihliographia ; Lowndes's Bibliographer s Manual, &c. 1747-1815.* ME. JOHN EYLEY, Master of the Leeds Charity (or Blue Coat) School for twenty- six years, was born on the 30th of November, 1717, and died April 22nd, 1815, aged sixty-eight. He enriched almost every * —1816. The Rev. Thomas Goodinge, LL.D., formerly of St. John's College, Oxford, and for twelve years head-master of the Leeds Free Grammar School, which he resigned in 1790; afterwards rector of Cound, near Shrewsbury (which is worth above a thousand a year), died July 2nd, 1816. His predecessor, the Rev. Samuel Brooke, M.A., formerly rector of Gamston, Notts, was elected head-master of the Leeds Grammar School in 1 76 1, and died September 8th, 1778. He was distinguished for the point and neatness of his epigrams in Latin and English. — There was another Rev. Samuel Brooke, LL.D., minister of St. John's church, Leeds; appointed February 17th, 1717 ; died in 1731, and was interred in the churchyard of Birstal, near Leeds. He was also rector of St. Alphage, London ; prebendary MR. JOHN EYLEY. 263 periodical publication in mathematics for nearly half a century, and was justly admired for his problems and demonstrations.* He was also editor of the "Leeds Correspondent ; a Literary, Mathematical, and Philosophical Miscellany," 2 vols., 1815. He also compiled a History of Leeds and the neighbouring villages, published in 1808. The Leeds Charity School, of which he was master, was originally established about the year 1705, by means of a subscription, for the maintenance and education of forty poor children in the principles of the Established Church, and instructing them in reading, writing, and arithmetic, to of York ; and was a candidate for the vicarage of Leeds in March, 1715-16, together with the Rev. Mr. Cookson. — His successor was the Rev. Joseph "Whiteley, M.A. The Rev. Joseph Whiteley, M.A. ( — 1815), late of Magdalene College, Cambridge ; head-master of the Leeds Free Grammar School ; vicar of Lastingham, in the North-Riding, and domestic chaplain to the Earl of Hare- wood, died May 8th, 1815. During his residence in Cambridge University, he was greatly distinguished for the excellence of his theological compositions, by which he gained no less than seven of the Norriaian prizes between 1781 and 1789. He was incumbent of Beeston from 1784 to 1789, and was head- master of the Leeds Grammar School from 1790 to 1815. In the death of Mr. Whiteley, a disconsolate widow and numerous family had to deplore the loss of a tender husband and an affectionate father; his profession, a sound divine, and an excellent writer ; and society, one of its members, who possessed in an eminent degree that equanimity of temper and suavity of deportment, which, while they heighten the enjoyment of social intercourse, endear the departed to the memory of his surviving friends. Some of his sermons and Norrisian jirize essays were published after his death, entitled, Essays on Revelation, kc. See Gentleman's Muyxziiic for June, 1815, p. 541, &c. He was succeeded by the Rev. George Page Richards, M.A., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. — 1816. Alexander Turner, Esq., a justice of the peace for the borough of Leeds, died July 24th, 1816, in his sixty-fifth year. He twice filled the office of chief magistrate; during his first mayoralty (1793), he was amongst the foremost to give his effective aid to that grand system of voluntary defence which spread through the country with one general and spontaneous burst of patriotism. He was a man of such amiable disposition, so mild, so good, so conciliating, so humane, that all loved and honoured him. In the exercise of his piivate and public duties, the fell passions of hatred and malice stood appalled before his all-benignant smile. On the bed of lingering sickness, and even in the hour of dissolution, his placid resignation to the Divine will shone, if possible, with increasing lustre. Amidst their regret for the loss of excellence so rare, most truly indeed might his surviving relatives and friends indulge the pleasing reflection, that, as far as mortal could pass through this troublesome world without an enemy, it was the lot of him now departed. For those of our readers who are fond of brevity on these melan- choly occasions, we may sum up such a character in very few words' :— -In him were strikingly combined the uprijlii m: rostrate, the genuine patriot, and the od Samaritan. — See the Leed* Intelligencer, &c, for July, 1816. * "Without the polish of the accomplished scholar, Mr. John (Riley, or) Rylev bad a soundness of judgment, and a guiekness of perception in mathe- matical knowledge, that deservedly ranked him one of its first professors. Possessed of these high attainments be sought not temporal honours ox advancement, but closed a useful and honourable life with humble, pious resignation. —See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for April, 1815, 2(54 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. qualify them for trade. The school was kept in a building which had formerly been used as a workhouse, till 1726, when a chapel belonging to Harrison's Hospital, and adjoining to St. John's churchyard, was converted into a school for the purposes of this charity ; at the same time the number of children was increased, the practice of maintaining them was discontinued, and the charity was limited to the purposes of clothing and education.* In 1815, on the death of its last master (Mr. John Ryley), this school was converted into an institution for clothing and bringing up girls, not less than twelve years of age, as house servants; and the funds are applied to supply eighty girls (now forty) with clothing, and instructing them in all necessary things to fit them for domestic service. On the alteration of the charity, a new school-house was erected on the site of the former, at a cost of £1,000 and upwaixls. The revenue of this charity, arises from the dividends on stock in the public funds, and from the rent of houses and lands enumerated in the report; and the total income of the charity amounts to about .£400 a year. The girls are under the care of the mistress and assistant, who are allowed stipends of £60 and =£27 a year respectively. The clothing, &c, is supplied by the mistress, and her disburse- ments are repaid by the trustees. — See the Leeds Intelligencer for February, 1827; Parsons' History of Leeds, &c. 1746-1817. JOSHUA WALKER, ESQ., M.D., A member of the Society of Friends, and for twenty-five years a physician to the Leeds General Infirmary, died at his house in Park Place, Leeds, on the 12th of February, 1817. Dr. Walker was born about 1746 of highly respectable parents at Bradford, and received the first rudiments of his education at the Free Grammar School there. He was afterwards placed under the care of David Hall, of Skipton (a Quaker of considerable learning and talents), previously to commencing his professional studies at Edinburgh. Here his unceasing application and industry, in acquiring a thorough knowledge of the theoretical learning of his profession, were not less remarkable than his anxiety and solicitude, when in extensive practice, to render his studies of use to posterity ; having with great labour and assiduity com- piled many manuscript volumes of notes and observations upon the numerous and difficult cases in which he was consulted. In his practice (which was founded chiefly on the principles of * John Lucas, who died in July, 1750, and Thomas "Wilson, his successor,, both masters of this school, were zealous and industrious antiquaries^ JOSHUA WALKER, ESQ., M.D. 265 Culler), Gregory, and Black), he displayed a praiseworthy inde- pendence of the inferior branches of the profession; and his brother physicians, who were in the habit of attending patients along with him, bore ample testimony to his liberality, and freedom from mercenary influence. He originally commenced his professional career at Hull, where his success was so great as to afford him the means of supporting a respectable establishment in the short space of one year. His removal to Leeds (owing to the state of his wife's health), though at first calculated to retard his progress, may be considered to have been eventually a fortunate circumstance, by its having opened a wider field for the exertion of his talents. He was quickly elected a physician of the General Infirmary there, to the duties of which situation he paid unwearied attention during a space of twenty-five years, though the greater part of the time engaged with an extensive practice; and in a pecuniary point of view he was a truly liberal benefactor to that institution. In early life he pursued his natural talent for poetry as a favourite recreation — some beautiful specimens of which were occasionally presented to his friends; and his love of classical and polite literature was eminently conspicuous during his whole life. In his political sentiments he was unquestionably loyal ; although ever averse to controversy on this subject, especially in public, yet to his inti- mate friends he was known to possess sincere attachment to the constitution and liberties of his country, unbiassed by prejudice or party. He published an Essay on the Mineral Waters of Harrogate and Thorp-Arch, in 1784, Svo.* The public at large sincerely regretted the loss of his professional talents; while his relations and friends long lamented his social and endearing virtues, and with a melancholy pleasure recalled to mind the instructive lessons of justice and morality, which his enlightened conversation was accustomed to instil. Mary, his widow, t and * The basis, being his medical thesis at Edinburgh; and some letters on medical subjects between Dr. Walker and Dr. Lettsom, will be found in the third volume of Mr. PettigreVs Life of Dr. Lettsom. + Their eldest daughter, Mary, married Thomas Jowitt, Esq., of Eltofts, but soon died, leaving issue. Their surviving daughter, Margaret, was married to the late William Leatham, Esq., of Heath, near Wakefield, and thus became the mother of— 1, John Arthington Leatham. Esq., barrister-atdaw, who died, unmarried, in May, 1857: 2, William Henry Leatham, Esq., J. P. (author of a volume of Poems), who has kindly contributed a portion of this Sketch, born in July, 1815; married, February 21st, 1839, PrisciUa, daughter of the late Samuel Gurney, Esq.. of West Ham, Essex, and lias surviving issue — Samuel; Gurney, born in December, 1840; William Eenry, in 1844; Edmund Ernest, in 1.-17; Charles Alfred, in 184!).; Gerald Arthur Burton, in 1851; Herbert Barclay, in 1852; Octavius, in 1854; Claude, in 1856: 3, Joshua Walker Leatham, who died an infant in 1817 : 4, Margaret 266 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. last surviving daughter of the late John Arthington, Esq., one of the founders of the Leeds Old Bank, died at her house in Park Place, Leeds, after several years of severe bodily suffering, April 19th, 1821, in the sixty-ninth year of her age. — For additional particulars, see the Leeds Peters; the New Monthly Magazine, &c. 1798-1817.* MR HERBERT KNOWLES, A young man of very distinguished talents, and of great poetical genius, was born at Gomersal, near Leeds, in 1798, brother to C. J. Knowles, Esq., an eminent barrister on the Northern Circuit, and Q.C. He was educated in the Grammar School at Richmond, and destined for the ledger at Liver- pool. He is greatly lauded by R. Montgomery in The Christian Life. He died at Gomersal, February 17th, 1817, at the early age of nineteen, after having, by his talents as a poet, gained the patronage of several of the most distinguished men of the age. He left behind him a manuscript volume of poems, Elizabeth, married, June 10th, 1847, to John Bright, Esq., M.P., of One Ash, Rochdale: 5, Mary Walker, married to Joseph Gurney Barclay, Esq., of Lombard Street, London ; died lin 1848, leaving issue : 6, Charles Albert, who married Miss Rachael Pease, of Southend, Darlington, and died in 1858, leaving issue: 7, Edward Aldam Leatham, Esq., M.A., M.P., author of Char- mione, &c, born in 1828; married, in 1851, Mary Jane, only daughter of John Fowler, Esq., of Elm Grove, Melksham. Their motto is " Virtute vinces"— by virtue thou shalt conquer, &c — See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. * — 1817. Mr. Cummins, a veteran and respectable performer of the Leeds, Hull, and York theatres, died on Friday evening, June 20th, 1817, aged sixty- two. His death was awfully sudden, —while performing the character of Dumont in the tragedy of Jane Shore, he dropped down dead on the stage of the Leeds theatre, having just repeated the benedictory words : — "Be witness forme, ye celestial hosts! Such mercy, and such pardon, as my soul Accords to thee, and begs of Heaven to show thee ; May such befall me, at my latest hour ! " This melancholy event gave an awful stop to the performances of the evening, and every one departed with feelings not easily to be described. Although Mr. Cummins himself, and all his most intimate connections, had been aware that his dissolution must be sudden, such an exit could not fail to excite feelings, which on a similar occasion were strongly depicted through the audience and public press, when Mr. Palmer died on the Livei-pool stage of a similar disease (ossification of the heart). Mr. Palmer died exclaiming — " There is another and a better world !" For more than forty years had Mr. Cummins been esteemed most universally in his profession. A correspondent thus feelingly contemplated his sudden demise: — " Quis nostrum tam ammo agresti ac duro f uit, ut Roscii morte nuper non commovetur 1 " — Cicero. On the Sunday evening following, the mortal remains of this highly esteemed character were interred in St. John's churchyard, Leeds; Mr. Fitzgerald and Miss Cummins were mourners ; the whole theatrical corps attended, the con- course of people was immense, and all seemed to sympathize deeply at the i icholy event. — See the Leeds Papers for June, 1817; the New Monthly Magazine; the Gentleman's Magazine, &c. WILLIAM HEY, ESQ., P.R.S. 267 the earliest of which were published in the Literary Gazette for 1824. His Three Tabernacles ; or, Methinks it is good to be here, &c, written in Richmond churchyard, Yorkshire, is a fine composition, and is well known. Little was wanting, under God, to his well-doing, both at school and at the university, but health. The lamp was consumed by the fire which burned in it. — See Carlisle's History of Endowed Grammar Schools; the Gentleman's Magazine ; Nichols's Literary Illustrations ; Schroeder's Annals of Leeds, &c. 1736-1819. WILLIAM HEY, ESQ., F.R.S., An eminent surgeon of Leeds, was born at Pudsey, on the 3rd of September, 1736, and was the second son of Mr. Richard Hey, a drysalter in that village. His mother was the daughter of Jacob Simpson, surgeon, of Leeds, and grand-daughter of William Simpson, M.D., of Wakefield. Their other sons were all distinguished by their abilities. The eldest, the Rev. John Hey, D.D., became the first Norrisian professor in the Univer- sity of Cambridge. The third son, the Rev. Samuel Hey, M.A., was rector of Steeple Ashton, in Wiltshire; and the fourth was Richard Hey, LL.D., barrister-at-law, and author of several ingenious publications. When William Hey was about four years old, he lost the use of his right eye, by a wound received from a penknife, whilst cutting a piece of string. At the age of seven years he was sent to an academy at Heath, near Wakefield, conducted by Mr. Joseph Randall ; and with the Rev. Dr. Dodgson, afterwards Bishop of Elphin, and the Rev. R. Sedge- wicke, afterwards head-master of the Free Grammar School at Leeds, as classical tutors. During the seven years that he remained at this school, he applied himself to his studies with great diligence and industry, and thus acquired a vast amount of useful knowledge.* At the age of fourteen years he was * He displayed a great love of learning aud science, which increased with his years, and was conspicuous through every subsequent period of his life. The assiduous care of the parents of William Hey to form his moral character was eminently successful ; he was never known to utter a falsehood, and such was his dutiful and affectionate regard totbein, that his sister cannot recollect his having been ever accused of a single act of disobedience to his father or mother. But the instructions of these worthy persona did not terminate in teaching him a sacred regard to truth in his words, fidelity and uprightness in his conduct, and the duty of cheerful obedience to themselves; they incul- cated, hoth by precept and example, the important obligations of religion, the fear of God, the importance and advantage of public worship and of private devotion; and so Btrongly was bis mind impressed by their injunctions on the subject of this duty, that on no occasion would he tolerate the omission of it. Eabits of piety, formed thus early, lost none of their beneficial influence with 268 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. apprenticed to Mr. Dawson, a surgeon and apothecary at Leeds, eminent for his knowledge of Mr. Ray's botanical system, which had not then been superseded by the genius of Linnaeus. He served his time with great credit to himself, and to the satisfac- tion of his master. During this time he was most assiduous in the studies connected with his profession, and was particularly remarkable for temperance, industry, and piety. In the autumn of 1757 he went to London to complete his professional educa- tion. During the whole winter he seldom employed less than twelve hours daily in the lecture and dissecting-rooms, and thus he was enabled to acquire a thorough and practical knowledge of anatomy, for which he was in later life so greatly distinguished, as it rendered his operations so generally successful. He became a pupil at St. George's Hospital, under William Bromefield, Esq. Early in 1759, he attended the lectures of Dr. Mackenzie on Midwifery; and early in April of the same year, he returned to Leeds to enter upon his practice as a surgeon and apothecary, but for several years his progress in gaining business was very slow. On the 30th of July, 1761, Mr. Hey married Alice, the second daughter of Mr. Robert Banks, a gentleman of Craven, in Yorkshire, by whom he had a numerous family; three sons and one daughter died in adult age, yet before their father: "Memorable," says Whitaker, "no less for the happiness of their deaths than the shortness of their lives, and very unlike the last generation of their family, whose longevity was equally remarkable." After the establishment of the Leeds General Infirmary, he was appointed one of the surgeons, and in November, 1773, became the senior surgeon of the institu- tion. Three or four years before this time he commenced a friendly intercourse with the celebrated Dr. Priestley, who then resided at Leeds, and the two together conversed with the greatest freedom and harmony on philosophical subjects ; but on theological matters there was much difference of opinion between them, though not sufficient to sever their friendship, which remained steadfast for many years. On the recom- mendation of Dr. Priestley, Mr. Hey was, in the year 1775, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In the year 1778, Mr. Hey had the misfortune to receive a kick from his horse, his advancing years ; his adult age was distinguished by self-government, temperance, purity, and a conscientious regard to his several duties ; and over his more mature and declining years the power of religion shed a bright and increasing influence, which actuated and adorned every subsequent period of his life, and conducted him through those various scenes of useful exertion, which procured for him a just veneration while living, and crowned his memory -with honour. — See Pearson's Life of William Hey, pp. 4-6. WILLIAM HEY, ESQ., F.R.S. 269 which threatened for a time to terminate his professional labours ; he then stood veiy high as an operating surgeon, and had a large practice. By this accident his leg was permanently injured, so that till his death he was never able to walk without the aid of a crutch ; he was then obliged to pay his professional visits in a carriage. On the formation of a Leeds Philosophical Society in 1783, Mr. Hey became president, and l'ead many valuable papers to the members. In 1786 he was elected an alderman of the borough of Leeds ; and in the following year was appointed mayor. He was again elected mayor in 1802. In the spring of 1800, he gave a course of twelve anatomical lectures at the Leeds Infirmary; the clear profits of the course, which amounted to .£27 6s., were given to the institution. In 1803 he gave a second course, and presented the profits (forty guineas) to the Infinnary. In 1805 he gave a third course, by which the institution gained £45 7s. In the year 1809 he gave a fourth and last course, the subject dissected being a woman of atrocious character (Mary Bateman). A great many people attended these last lectures, and the profits Mr. Hey also pre- sented to the institution, amounting to £80 14s. On October 7th, 1812, he resigned his office of surgeon to the Leeds Infirmary, which he had held about forty-five years, thirty -nine of which he had been senior surgeon ; on the following day, his son William was unanimously elected to the office vacated by the resignation of his father. An address of thanks was presented to him by the trustees, beautifully engraved on vellum, and ornamented with a vignette of the Infirmary; and also inserted in each of the Leeds papers. (For a copy of which, see Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c, page 272.)* Mr. Hey highly * "To portray the character of this inestimable man is," according to the Leeds Mercury for March, 1819, "a task of much difficulty; and is rendered so by the deep regret which his loss occasions, as well as by the variety of estimable traits in his mind and life, which equally attract admiration, and press in upon the memory. "Where the numerous virtues of a good man, testified in every department of his life, alike reflect honour upon himself and benefit to his fellow-men, we scarcely know which to prefer, or in what succession his several characteristics should be viewed. He was eminently a public man ; he acted in many capacities in relation to his fellow-townsmen, to the members of his profession, and to his country; and, in all these capacities, the faculties of Ins mind and the disposition of his heart raised him to an honourable elevation, which we may justly fear will long remain unequalled. The soundness of his judgment, and the force of his genius, were aided by profound science, by long experience, and by acute observation. He was an ardent admirer of nature, and enthusiastically dc voted to his pro- fession, whose every branch he studied with patient and unremitting research. These secured to him that rare eminence which he attained as a medical man, and enabled him to dispense the greatest of blessings to thousands of his fellow-creatures. His surgical skill is well known to have been consummate : 270 BIOGKAPHIA LEODIENSIS. deserved those laudations. His intellectual powers were of a high, order. He was capable of profound investigation; was acute in discovering the difference of things ; patient and diligent in his researches. His chirurgical writings, especially his Observations on the Blood, published in 1799, evince a strong, comprehensive, and enlightened view of the it was founded on accurate anatomical science, and perfected by the extent of his practice. His Observations on Surgery and his Treatise on the Blood are works of sterling merit ; they are the best, and will be a permanent attesta- tion of his proficiency in every branch of his profession. The fame of his medical abilities was not confiued to the sphere of their operation : it spread far, and gained him many honours in the abodes of science, with the estima- tion and friendship of those who were its ablest supporters. Such was Mr. Hey in his profession, aud as such he will be deeply deplored. He moved, also, in the capacity of a magistrate; and though here his exertions were necessarily more limited, his objects were constantly laudable, and were admirably effected by the vigour and activity of his mind and habits. He followed no beaten track of established negligence ; justice unbiassed, and religion unfeigned, were his guides; he reformed many ciying abuses, re- pressed as much as possible every species of immorality, and promoted the interests of piety and benevolence, not only by his official authority, but by the influence of his example. His reformations raised him some enemies, of a species which every good man, active in discouraging vice, is sure to obtain, and of which he need not be ashamed. But the town will remember his undaunted perseverance in the course he adopted, and will acknowledge its benefits. His virtues as a man are displayed in their surest test — his life and practice. The noblest institution of our town — the General Infirmary — was raised, in a great measure, by his benevolent exertions, and has grown almost to perfection under his auspices. For nearly half a century he regularly and assiduously supported it by his talents ; and by none will he be regretted more justly than by the officers and friends of that institution, who have been accustomed, from their first connection with it, to regard him as the founder, the active and judicious supporter, of its interests. The religious and benevolent institutions of the town found in him a zealous and unwearied friend. He was ever foremost in disseminating among the ignorant the invaluable blessirigs of that Book which was his delight and his guide ; and to enable the poor to acquire its benefits, he steadily supported that excellent institution which dispenses to them the advantages of mutual instruction in a manner so effectual, so liberal, and so generous. The Bible Society and the Lancasterian School may mourn the loss of their venerable friend. Mr. Hey, in all his concerns, was cautious and prudent, yet decisive. He coolly deliberated, then firmly resolved. Through all his actions the vital principles of Christianity beamed ; the fear of God was the foundation of his wisdom ; and that wisdom, thus founded, matured with his age. His mind, till the very time of his last illness, had the vigour and acuteness of youth ; unim- paired in the slightest degree, it appeared as strong as his excellent constitu- tion. It was a cheering, a consoling sight, to view so admirable a specimen of the mental and bodily powers of humanity, entering the vale of years, with a mien so unshattered by laborious service, with faculties so perfect, with an aspect rendered so venerable and dignified by the honours and experience of fourscore years. It is such a man whose sudden extinction we have to lament ; and we regret the portrait we are enabled to give of him is so imperfect; but his life stands an exemplar, worthy to be admired and led. Mr. Hey was born in 1736, and is the fourth member of his father's family whose life has been terminated in the eighty -third year; two of his brothers and one sister having attained, without surpassing, that age." WILLIAM HEY, ESQ., F.R.S. 271 subjects which he undertook to illustrate, and are very valuable to the faculty. In the exercise of his profession he was inde- fatigable ; in its attainments eminently distinguished. In domes- tic life he was kind, tender, tmd affectionate ; as a magistrate, just, legal, and conscientious. Through life he was remarkable for sobriety and temperance, united with wisdom and Christian piety.* At the age of eighty-two, his eyesight was remarkably good, so that he could read and write in a good light without spectacles ; and his handwriting was firm and distinct, without any of those irregularities which denote a tremulous pen. His hearing was very acute ; and his vocal powers, although much diminished, were agreeable. Tire distinctness of his conceptions, the soundness of his judgment, his orderly and correct mode of thinking, and his facility of conveying his notions with perspi- cuity, copiousness, and fluency, did not appear to have suffered any diminution. t This eminent man died on Tuesday, the 23rd * Mr. Hey seems to have been by nature thoughtful and serious; and having in his early days unquestionably seen much to lament in the state of doctrine as well as practice among the members and even ministers of the Established Church, and the Methodists having recently commenced their labours, Mr. Hey was induced to unite with that society. But he soon became dissatisfied with their apparent conformity, and at one of then' public con- ferences he obtained leave from Mr. Wesley, whose host at Leeds lie had always been,' to read a memorial on the subject. Mr. "Wesley, however, cut short the recitation, with a promise that, when a convenient opportunity arrived, the reader should be heard out; but the opportunity never arrived. Mr. Hey had always the deepest veneration for the Church of England, together with a dread of what he thought schism, and on these grounds wholly withdrew from a society whose principles of church government he could not espouse. From this period of his life Mr. Hey continued a regular and conscientious member of the Church, without any abatement of rational zeal or steady orthodoxy. About this time he became acquainted with Dr. Priestley, then a Unitarian minister in Leeds, whom he assisted in his philosophical pursuits, while he steadily counteracted the mischiefs then spreading in the town from the heterodoxy of the latter, expressed too boldly both in his sermons and pamphlets. Of this celebrated man, Mr. Hey was wont to speak as possessing two understandings — the one philosophical, the other theological; or, rather, as conducting one and the same understanding in opposite ways, according to the application which he made of it. The acquaintance of Mr. Hey with Dr. Priestley was the means of inducing the former to publish two treatises, one On the Ainm tm ni, and the other On the Divinity of Christ, which have been productive of immense good in this part of the country, and which, it is to be regretted, are not more frequently perused at the present day. He also published, in the Gentleman's Maga ine, some papers on Subscription to tltc Thirty-nine Articles, of which it is not necessary to speak. t Mr. Hey was afflicted by a lameness for more than twenty years of I lie part <>f his life, which precluded the possibility of his visiting his patients except in a . Cpou this subject one of his biographers says, — '■ This apparent misfortune, by his wise economy of fcime, was converted into a substantial blessing, as by the strength ami steadiness of his remaining (for he had one only, though of great lustre), ho was enabled to read in a carriage without interruption upon the roughest roads; while, by another 272 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of March, 1819, full of honours, and at the advanced age of eighty-three. On the following Saturday, he was buried at St. Paul's church, Leeds. His funeral was attended by a great number of his friends and fellow-townsmen : and a funeral sermon was preached on the following day by his friend and highly-respected pastor, the Rev. Miles Jackson, in the church of St. Paul, where Mr. Hey had been a constant attendant on divine worship since its consecration in 1793. The death of Mr. Hey was an event deeply felt and sincerely lamented throughout the borough of Leeds.* A volume of his Tracts felicity, that as he had friends always happy to attend him on these occasions for the henefit of his conversation, he was always ready to resume even a difficult argument, on his return to his carriage, precisely at the point where it had been broken off." On these occasions, whether thus accompanied or not, the Bible was his inseparable companion ; and his example may prove a very useful fact, namely, how much both of knowledge and piety, amidst the labours of a toilsome profession, a man may gain who resolves never to lose a moment. About the year 1800, Mr. Hey was of singular use to the Established Church, by promoting, with great activity, and at a considerable expense, the erection of a new church at Leeds, which was designed for the late benevolent and pious Mr. Atkinson, who became the instrument of gathering and retain- ing in his own communion multitudes of serious persons, who otherwise ■would have remained attached to the world. But he did more : by his affectionate and faithful instructions he prepared them for a better and higher communion. * The following character of William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., one of the brightest names which has probably ever yet adorned this ancient and populous town, was given by the Leeds Intelligencer : — "With regard to the professional talents and character of Mr. Hey, it would be as presumptuous as it is unnecessary for us to speak, appreciated as they have been for so great a number of years, not only in the extensive sphere of his own practice, but by most of the eminent medical authorities of the day; and recognized as well by those unsolicited honours conferred on him at home and abroad, as by the offers of higher distinctions which he not only declined, but, with a modesty peculiar to himself, was as sedulous to conceal, as less elevated minds would have been anxious to display. His professional eminence was not the result of fortunate circumstances or extraordinary patronage, but was built on the solid foundation of profound knowledge, developed in long practice and experience. To the qualifications necessary to his particular pursuits, he added various other literary attainments, as deep as they were extensive. As a linguist, both with regard to the dead as well as modern tongues, he was of the first order ; while his philosophical knowledge and acquirements associated him in many important pursuits and discoveries with some of the first characters of his time, and many years ago procured for him the highest and most unequivocal distinction of this nature, that England, or probably any other nation, has to confer. Yet with all this intellectual superiority, he preserved, or rather, perhaps, attained to, that perspicuous and dignified simplicity, both in his conversation and writings, which afforded a most striking contrast to the spurious, and often confused, eloquence of the day. With a mind naturally comprehensive and persevering, he thought closely, understood clearly, and, consequently, expressed himself plainly. Hence, in mingling with the social circle (for his habit of redeeming the time, notwith- standing his pursuits and engagements, afforded him opportunities, not unfre- quently, of giving his friends that pleasure), he was unostentatious, cheerfully familiar; and strove to instruct rather than to dazzle .to please rather than to WILLIAM HEY, ESQ., F.R.S. 273 and Essays was published after his death. A full-length marble statue of Mr. Hey (by Chantrey) was subsequently erected by the subscriptions of his fellow-townsmen, and is placed in the Leeds General Infirmary. — For a more lengthened account, see his Life, by John Pearson, F.R.S., 2 vols., published in 1827, &c. (with an excellent likeness of Mr. Hey, from the painting by astonish. But in regard to his mental energies and endowments, however much admired, he could be an object of imitation only to the few; yet, in another and more important point of view, he " being dead yet speaketh," and calls aloud to his numerous friends and acquaintance, to the whole town and neighbourhood, to which he long afforded so bright a living example, to embalm his character in their most cherished recollections, and to copy its shining excellencies. He was not one of those, who, affecting to be absorbed in high pursuits, and elevated in lofty attainments, can afford no room in their hearts, nor spare any portion of their time, for the cidtivation of the minuter and more retiring duties of human life ; much less did he strive to make some striking excellence atone for some notorious defect. All the virtues were equally cherished in his heart, and exhibited in his actions ; they were like the several stones of an arch, which, inseparably connected together, give stability to each other, and strength and beauty to the whole. Thus, as a husband, a father, and the head of a family, his conduct was most kind and conscientious. As a professional man, he was humane and attentive to his patients, and generous in his conduct to his medical brethren, in the highest degree. As a subject, his loyalty was eminently conspicuous throughout the whole of his life, and especially during the last most eventful period of it. As a magistrate, he was indeed ' a terror to evil-doers, and a praise to them that do well ; ' ever anxious to suppress (and many times at the expense of great personal obloquy and opposition) whatever he thought militated against the interests of virtue and religion ; and, on the other hand, eager to give the powerful support of his talents, and the sanction of his venerated name, to whatever promised to promote the real interests and prosperity of the com- munity. Indeed this was a most striking feature in his character; — the per- sonal fiiend of the celebrated Hoivard, he had early drank deep into his spirit. But it would be an endless task to instance his various philanthropic efforts in this town, from the establishment of our excellent Infirmary, of which he was a founder, and long remained a father, down to the period of his decease. In a word, religion, taking its rise in his heart, was ever visibly present and operative in all the minutest ramifications of his conduct ; it was the leading and animating principle in all his pursuits and enjoyments. It was this which induced him to dedicate his house, his family, his time, talents, and influence to the service of God ; which inspired him with that striking reverence for the name and word of the Deity, which he ever evinced. His Christian profession was that of the Church of England; and in this part of his character we hold him forth as worthy of all imitation. Notwithstanding the number and pressing nature of his professional avocations, lie was con- stant in his attendance on her sacred ordinances; a warm and enlightened advocate of her impressive services; indefatigable in promoting her honour and interest by every means in his power ; and the firm and successful champion of her rights, in opposition to the attempts made to destroy her pre-eminence, by what was called Catholic Emancipation. The Bible Society was Ins favourite institution: its establishment he hailed with emotions of the highest delight, and its progress and prospects, he was often heard to say, shed the brightest ray of pleasure on the path of his declining days. "Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." Seized with a disorder, which we understand he took in attending to the humane duties of his profession, he sunk, full of comfort and peace, sur- rounded by his affectionate family, into the arms of that Saviour, whom S 274 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Allen, which hangs in the Board-room of the Leeds Infirmary); Parsons' History of Leeds; the Christian Observer for August, 1822; Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographia ; the Appendix to Gorton's Biographical Dictionary ; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, &c. For his pedigree, &c, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 4; Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 198, &c. ; for his portrait, &c, see the Appendix to Whitaker's History of Leeds, p. 32, &c. 1745-1819. MR. MATTHEW TALBOT, Upwards of thirty-three years the faithful and indefatigable secretary of the Leeds General Infirmary, died, after a very short illness, December 231x1, 1819, aged seventy-five years. His mind was richly stored with Biblical knowledge; he had made several translations of the Holy Scriptures from the with ardent soul he had long adored, and whose footsteps he had humbly followed, at the advanced age of eighty -three ; but, up to the time of his last illness, in possession of his bodily faculties, even that of sight, to an aston- ishing degree, and with a mind, which, in the last period of its earthly existence, demonstrated, to all who had the honour of his acquaintance, the imperishable nature of the human soul. Our readers, and especially the younger part of them, will, we trust, be impressed with this sacred truth, so often manifested, but seldom more powerfully than on the present occasion, that ' godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life thai, now is, and of that which is to come.'" TO THE MEMORY OF WILLIAM HEY, ESQ. " How swiftly death mows down the ranks of men ! Soul follows soul, as quickly as the breast Heaves the convulsive sigh, by grief opprest. Scarce does the eye beam tranquilly again, Ere the disturbed glance betrays another wound ; — Each mortal arrow pierces many hearts, Besides the one whence flutt'ring life departs. Hear, o'er the just man's tomb, the mingled sound Of lamentations, which survivors raise, The voice of weeping, with the hymn of praise. Few of death's shafts have wider sorrow spread, Few have been felt so far, or wrought such woe, As that which number' d Him amongst the dead, And laid our venerated townsman low. Words are faint praise, — they vanquish' d lie; Sorrow's own eloquence which nature gave, The touching language of tli' unbidden sigh, Is mem'ry's offering to the good man's grave. Whilst virtue pays the tributary tear, And piety, unnerv'd, weeps for her loss severe, And droops a moment o'er the Christian's bier." — For a long Elegy on the death of William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., see the Leeds Intelligencer, for April, 1819; and for a much longer account of Mr. Hey, abridged from Pearson's Life, see the Intelligencer for February and March, 1822, &c. FIRST EARL OF HAREWOOD. 275 original Hebrew and Greek languages; and was the author of a work of vast labour and of great utility, entitled an Analysis of the Holy Bible* quarto, published in 1800 (an elaborate work, which displays an uncommon degree of perseverance and appli- cation, and which must prove an invaluable acquisition to those who make frequent references to the Holy Scriptures), as well as of some unpublished works. His daughter Charlotte was married to Edward Baines, Esq., M.P., and thus became the mother of the Right Hon. Matthew Talbot Baines, M.P., who died in 18 GO, and of Edward Baines, jun., Esq., M.P., &c. For an account of his son, John Talbot, who was on the editorial staff of the Leeds Mercury, and who died in 1839, see that paper for March 30th, 1839, &c. 1740— 1820.t FIRST EARL OF HAREWOOD, Formerly Edward Lascelles, Esq., was born in Barbadoes, January 7th, 1 710. This gentleman represented Northallerton in several parliaments, and was elevated to the peerage in June, 1796, by the title of Baron Harewood of Harewood, near Leeds. His lordship married, in May, 1761, Anne, daughter of William Chaloner, Esq., of G-uisborough, by whom (who died in February, 1805) he had issue — 1, Edward, born in 1761, who died unmarried in June, 1814; 2, Henry, born December 25th, 1767, who succeeded him as second earl; and two daughters, Lady Frances Douglas, and Lady Mary Anne Yorke. His lordship was advanced to a viscounty and earldom in * This Analysis has been recently republished by Dr. Eadie, r who,£injhis remarks thereon, speaks of the work in very commendatory terms. The above Sketch has been kindly corrected by Mr. Baines, jun. : •j- — 1820. Mr. Thomas Smales, better known by the name of "The Hors- forih Poet,'' died February 8th, 1820. This hardy veteran had attained to the eighty-eighth year of his age ; upwards of fifty years of which he had spent in the bloodless sendee of his country— in the humble but useful capacity of a letter-carrier between Leeds and Guiseley — "The herald of a noisy world, News from all nations lumbering at his back." No weather arrested his daily labours; and to ill health, till" within a few of the last years of his life, he was almost a stranger. He had travelled, on an average, for fifty successive years, twenty miles a day; and, without extending his journey more than fifteen miles from the same spot, had walked, within that period, a distance equal to fifteen times the circumference of the earth! tip firm were his stamina, that he continued to perform his accustomed duties till within about four years of his death; and he left behind him a race of descendants, consisting of seven children, thirty-four grand-children, and twenty-four great-grand-children. " Honour and shame from no condition rise: Act well your part; there all the honour lies." 276 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. September, 1812, by the titles of Viscount Lascelles, and Earl of Harewood. With the prince and the peasant the noble earl evinced that complacency and equanimity which commanded universal respect and veneration. His establishments were always in the true style of old English hospitality; his charities were most extensive, and his religion was sincere but unosten- tatious. He entered the army in early life, and bore the standard of the Blues at the battle of Minden. In 1798, when the country was threatened by a foreign invader, he subscribed the munificent sum of £4,000 towards the defence of the king- dom. His lordship died at his house in Harewood Place, Hanover Square, London, April 3rd, 1820, in his eighty-first year, having survived his eldest son Edward six years, and being succeeded by his second and only son, Henry. His remains were brought from London, and interred in the family mausoleum at Harewood church, near Leeds. An immense train of relatives, carriages, and friends followed in the funeral procession, as the last mark of respect due to his rank and exalted virtues. "Few noblemen," it was said at the time, "will be more sincerely lamented, and there are few whose loss will be more acutely felt by the poor residing on or near his noble domain. To all his domestics he has been liberal, and has provided amply for the future comfort of those of longer servitude." To those to whom this nobleman was known, it is needless to panegyrize Iris virtues; and to those to whom he was a stranger, all our praises will fall short of his merits.* — For a further account, see Jones's History of Harewood; the Peerages by Burke, Collins, Debrett, Lodge, &c. ; the Gentleman's Magazine; the New Monthly Magazine, vol. xiii., p. 750. For long extracts from his will,t see the New Monthly Magazine, vol. xiv., p. 113, &c. See also the first Lord Harewood, who died in 1795, p. 204, &c. * His younger brother, Francis Lascelles, also born in Barbadoes, in Novem- ber, 1744, who died, unmarried, in September, 1799, and was buried at Rich- mond, in Surrey, was appointed ensign in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, February, 1761; captain in the 17th Dragoons, December, 1761 ; major in the 8th Dragoons, June, 1764 ; lieutenant-colonel in the 8th Dragoons, May, 1768 ; colonel in the army, August, 1777; lieutenant-colonel in the King's Own Dragoons, May, 1780; major-general in the army, November, 1782; colonel of the 8th Dragoons, March, 1789; and appointed Groom of his Majesty's Bedchamber, 1779. The Gentleman's Magazine says— "No man was more respected by his brother officers, and no man passed through life with more easy dignity, manliness, and unobtrusive good sense." + The personal estate of the late Earl of Harewood was sworn under £250,000. He left £10,000 to Lord Lascelles; £40,000 to the children of Lady Frances Douglas. To his daughter, Lady Mary Ann Yorke, £1000 per annum for life, one half of which to be devoted to the support and main- tenance of her children ; to whom also was given the sum of £20,000, in equal shares, on their arrival at twenty-one, or marriage. THE VERY REV. ISAAC MILNER, D.D., F.R.S. 277 1750-1820. THE VEEY EEY. ISAAC MILNEE, D.D., F.E.S., Dean of Carlisle, president of Queen's College, and professor of mathematics in the University of Cambridge, by his talents and industry made his way from the humblest ranks of life to the first honours of one of the first universities in the world. He was born in Mabgate, Leeds, January 11th, 1750.* In his youth he was a weaver; but availing himself of his leisure hours in acquiring a knowledge of the classics and mathematics, he made such progress as to become assistant to his brother Joseph at the Hull Grammar School.t He was then nineteen years of age, and had been accustomed to work at the loom with a Tacitus by his side. The prospects of this young man were soon turned towards the church; and, after assisting his brother for some time as an usher, he removed to Queen's Col- lege, Cambridge, where he was entered as a sizar. + For his * That the father of the young Milners was a man of strong sense and extraordinary industry and self-denial there is abundant evidence. Having experienced, in his own case, the want of a good education, he early resolved that, at whatever inconvenience to himself or his family, his children should possess that advantage ; and this resolution he kept, although at the cost of many personal sacrifices, till his sudden death; an event which took place soon after his son Isaac had attained his tenth year. An outline of Dr. Milner's childhood has been thus traced by his own hand: — "Isaac, when a little boy of six years old, began to accompany bis brother Joseph every day to the Leeds Grammar School; and at ten years of age could construe Ovid and Sallust into tolerable English, and was then beginning to learn the rudiments of the Greek language. The premature death of their father ruined all the prospects of Isaac's advancement in learning. His mother was obliged to abandon the prosecution of her husband's plan ; and, that her son might acquire a livelihood by honest industry, she wisely employed him in learning several branches of the woollen manufacture at Leeds." His turn for mathematical studies also exhibited itself very early. He frequently, towards the close of his life, spoke of a sun-dial which he had constructed at the age of eight years; and said, that during one of his visits to Leeds, after he became dean of Carlisle, he had earnestly endeavoured to discover the marks of it upon a wall near the house in which he was born. + The affection which bound these brothers to each other was, perhaps, as strong as ever subsisted in that relation of life. It began in childhood ; was cemented in youth, by more than ordinary fraternal kindness on the one part, and by cordial gratitude on the other; and, far from suffering interruption or abatement in after life, it increased in fervour, till the death of the elder brother separated these tenderly-attached relatives. "Never," says the sur- vivor, "was separation more bitter or afflicting." J Isaac Milner happening one day, while engaged in the execution of his duties as a sizar, to overturn upon the floor of the hall a tureen of soup, intended for the Fellows' table, is said to have exclaimed, in reply to some tart rebuke, "When T get into power, ' will abolish this nuisance." This expression of the unpolished Yorkshire lad, " When I get into power," occa- sioned, as it is said, much merriment among tin- Fellows, who, of course, did not detect, under the rough exterior of the sizar, the future president of their college. 278 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. new station Mr. Isaac Milner was admirably fitted; and, before be went to tbe university, be was allowed to bave attained a senior optime's knowledge in algebra and mathematics. Pos- sessed of useful ambition, be now aimed at tbe first honours of his college, and had talents and perseverance sufficient to obtain them. Accordingly, in the year 1774, he became "senior wrangler," and gained the first mathematical prize (Smith's), with the honourable distinction of " incomparabilis."* He was ordained deacon, December 17th, 1775, in the chapel of Trmity College, Cambridge, by the Lord Bishop of Peterborough. In January, 1776, he was elected a Fellow of Queen's College; and in the following year he proceeded to the degree of M.A., and was soon afterwards appointed tutor of his college, in which capacity he acquired a distinguished reputation. In June, 1780, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, having contri- buted several papers to their Transactions during the three preceding years. In 1782 he served the office of proctor, in the following year was chosen Jacksonian professor of natural and experimental philosophy, and in 1792 was honoured with the vice-chancellorship. Intense study, however, had secretly laid the foundation of a nervous disorder, which under- mined the sources of existence, and occasionally embittered the remainder of his life.t While at Cambridge, Mr. Isaac * His superiority above all liis competitors was so strongly marked on this occasion that, contrary to the usual practice, it was deemed necessary by the examiners to interpose a blank space between him and those who followed him on the list ; and he was honoured with the designation of incomparahilis. A similar distinction, it is said, has only once been conferred since that time ; namely, in the year 1819, when Mr. Joshua King, of the same college (Queen's), took his degree as senior wrangler, with the same acknowledged superiority over every competitor. He, too, afterwards became president of Queen's College, and alsoLucasian professor of mathematics in the University of Cambridge. + While an undergraduate, Mr. Milner became acquainted with the late celebrated William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., of Leeds, having occasion to consult him for a complaint partly produced by intense application to study. His superior talents and attainments were quickly discerned and justly appre- ciated by Mr. Hey, who invited him to his house, and put him, as Dr. Milner aftei-wards said, "upon a completely new system of habits." He remained during several weeks the guest of Mr. Hey ; and the acquaintance thus com- menced ripened into a friendship which suffered neither diminution nor inter- ruption till the friends were separated by death. The state of Dean Miluer's health, when about fifty years of age, induced him to recur to the advice of his friend, the late Wm. Hey, Esq., of Leeds, whose letters exhibit eminent piety and friendly regard, as well as professional skill. In a letter, dated February l'Jth, 1800, this gentleman writes, — " I will endeavour to dispose of the liberal supply you have sent me, in comforting many distressed persons." This passage refers to a sum of money sent at stated times by Dr. Milner to Mr. Hey, to be by him distributed among such of his poor patients as might be unable to procure for themselves the comforts which their circumstances THE VERY REV. ISAAC MILNER, D.D., F.R.S. 279 Milner became acquainted with Mr. "Wilberforce, who cordially and conscientiously embraced the scriptural principles of that gentleman on religious subjects. After a short acquaintance, the two friends proceeded on a tour to the continent, accom- panied by Mr. Pitt; but had not travelled far before the last of these gentlemen was recalled, in consequence of some political changes, which afterwards elevated him to the premiership. The others accompanied him on his return, and an intimacy ensued, which continued for life. This occurred in 1788, in which year Mr. Milner was elected president of Queen's College.* required. It would ill become the biographer of Dean Milner to publish the deeds of Christian liberality which were done by him in secret ; but it may be allowable to say that, amid his many acts of benevolence, to strangers as well as to his own poor relatives, he was ever ready to allow the peculiar claims of his indigent fellow-townsmen of Leeds ; with respect to them in particular it might be truly said, that "the blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon" him; and he "caused the widow's heart to sing for joy." In the early part of 1808, Dr. Milner' s spirit (to use an expression of his own) was refreshed by a short visit to Queen's College, Cambridge, from his friend Mr. Hey, of Leeds; a man of whom he was accustomed to say, that "con- scientiousness and consistency" were the "distinguishing features of his character." The dean, in 1819, on hearing of the death of Mr. Hey, wrote a veiy eulogistic letter of condolence to his son, "William Hey, Esq. (jun.), of Leeds. * "As president of a college," says the author of a slight biographical sketch of the life and character of Dr. Milner, "his constant aim was to encourage learned men that belong to his own foundation, as well as to intro- duce improvements which might tend to the happiness of the students, and to the advancement of the university at large." Previous to his election, this venerable asylum of Erasmus had greatly decreased in reputation, but it began then to re-assume its ancient consequence, by the repletion of its numbers, &c. He was twice elected vice-chancellor, in 1792 and afterwards in 1809. It has been recorded that the first time the dean arrived at Cambridge, he and his brother Joseph walked up from Leeds, with occa- sional lifts in a waggon; and the writer believes that it came from the dean himself, No man, certainly, ever acted more constantly in the spirit of Dr. Johnson's observation, "If I am in company with a shoemaker, I talk to him about the making of shoes." And this he did whether he desired to learn or to teach. Some slight anecdotes, lately communicated, cannot, per- haps, be better introduced than in this place. "I once travelled with the dean," writes the Rev, Thomas (Dikes, or) Dykes, LL.B., of Hull, "from Carlisle to Leeds. We sjient a few hours at Ripon, and walked out among the people on the market-day. He accosted a razor-grinder employed in his work, and gave hirn to understand that he had not properly learned his trade, and surprised the man by the knowledge which he showed on the subject. We then went into a carpenter's shop, where a well-looking youth was (diligently employed ; the dean for some time looked attentively on, and then earnestly said to him, ' What a shameful thing it is, that a young man like you should use such antiquated tools ; you can never turn any good work out of your hands till you furnish yourself with better implements.' The dean understood the shoeing of a horse, and could tell the blacksmith how it waa that the horse's foot was so often injured. The dean's comprehensive mind could grasp every subject, from the highest to the lowest. 1 have often seen hire shake hands with some of his old companions in trade. He was never ashamed of his former condition." Again, one prominent trait," writes the 280 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. He now commenced some salutary reforms, and, recollecting that when he was an undergraduate it was the custom of the sizars to wait beliind the chairs of the Fellows at dinner, he had spirit and good sense enough to abolish those servile distinctions, which were coeval with the days of monkish ignorance and superstition. In 1792 he took out his Doctor's degree, and was presented with the deaneiy of Carlisle. At Hull he retained lodgings during the life of his brother. This became a favourite residence; and here he had a complete workshop, where he was accustomed to relax his mind daily from the fatigues of study. He' found manual labour a great source of happiness, and spared no expense in obtaining the most perfect and expensive machinery. As a proof of this, his lathe and appendages cost Rev. James Fawcett, B.D., "in the great mind of Dr. Milner, was the steady- perseverance with which he pursued any object of inquiry which he had once started ; he would not let it go till he had made himself master of it. Tt was this valuable property which made his extraordinary powers tell in every depart- ment of science ; it was this which, at least, contributed to place him at the head of the mathematical tripos in the year of his graduating. And as his honours and preferments were a due homage paid to his attainments, it was this which seated him in the Lucasian chair, and advanced him to the deaneiy of Carlisle." In the year 1815, he strenuously exerted his influence in favour of the Eev. Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Holmes, then a'candidate for the situation of head-master of the Grammar School at Leeds; and addressed to the electors, in his behalf, a very strong testimonial, in which he alludes to his habitual caution on this subject. The latter portion of this powerful testi- monial — in the course of which the dean alludes to the circumstance that he had himself, in early life, "laboured for six or seven years as a teacher in a grammar school," as enabling him the better to form a judgment concerning the qualifications and attainments requisite for such an office— may with per- fect propriety be here inserted, and will not be read with indifference. " As a native of the town of Leeds," writes Dr. Milner, "and one who received all his early education at the Grammar School, I hope I may be excused in expressing my most sincere regard for the success of the institutions of that town, and the prosperity of its inhabitants. My late brother, the Rev. Joseph Milner, as well as myself, ever retained a most grateful remembrance of the advantages which we derived from our education in the said school ; and I have no scruple to own, that both of us, under a kind Providence, have ever had reason to ascribe all our successes in life to the instructions of the school of Leeds, and the liberality of the town and neighbourhood. The experience of almost fifty years in this university has convinced me, that a youth properly trained and exercised in a good country school may be full as well prepared "for what are called 'the learned professions' as any other per- sons, be they who they may; and in regard to the useful qualifications of merchants and men of business, or even the ornamental accomplishments of the higher classes of society, it is well known that the country schools have, in many instances, been observed to merit a decided preference. My sincere attachment to my native town and to its school, must be my apology for saying so much. — Isaac Milnee, Dean of Carlisle, and President of Queen's College, Cambridge." To Dr. Holmes himself, who, although at this time unsuccessful in his application, was subsequently elected to the situation of head-master of the Leeds Grammar School, Dean Milner addressed some admirable " Hints for the conducting of a Grammar School." THE VERY REV. ISAAC MILNER, D.D., F.R.S. 281 him no less than 1 40 guineas. On the death of Dr. "Waring, in 1798, Dr. Milner was nominated Lucasian professor of mathe- matics, an office worth about ,£350 a year, and which had been filled by Isaac Barrow, Isaac Newton, &c. Dr. Milner wrote against Marsh, in favour of the Bible Society; and contributed many excellent papers on chemistry and natural philosophy to the Philosophical Transactions* On Saturday, April 1st, 1820, at the house of his esteemed friend, William Wilberforce, Esq., M.P., at Kensington Gore, London, and in the seventy-first year of his age, died this venerable scholar and exemplary Christian ;+ and the final close of such a life must not be mentioned without a farewell tribute, however trifling, to his memoiy. He was in every respect an extraordinary man. In early life he rose superior to difficulties with which few could have successfully contended; and his academical career was eminently distin- guished. By the splendour of his reputation, while in the vigour of life, and by uncommon zeal and activity in the cause of science, he gave a strong impulse to the study of mathe- matical and philosophical learning in the university .% — For a * Dr. Milner frequently turned his researches towards chemistry, and found therein a proper scene for the adventurous expansion of his vast talents. The French are generally thought to have availed themselves of his discovery concerning the composition of nitre, so as to provide, without foreign assist- ance, the vast consumption of that article, requisite in the manufacture of gun- powder. As an author, Dr. Milner is known to the public by his papers commu- nicated, between the years 1777 and 1800, to the Eoyal Society, and published in the Transactions of that learned body, — by his Life of the Rev. Joseph Milner, published in the year 1800 : an exquisitely beautiful and touching piece of biography, and a permanent memorial of an instance of pure and fervent fraternal affection, — by his Animadversions on the Ecclesiastical History of Dr. Haweis, — by his powerful work in defence of the Bible Society (viz., Strictures on some of the Publications of the Rev. Herbert Marsh), published in the year 1813, — and by his able and elaborate continuation of The History of the Church of Christ : an undertaking designed and begun by his hrother, and one that will assuredly perpetuate the name of Milner. The above- mentioned works, with some other less important performances, were pub- lished by the dean himself. Since his death, two volumes of his Ser, have been given to the public, and also an Essay on the subject of Human Liberty. Of the Sermons it has been justly observed, that an extraordinary "vigour of conception, a striking exhibition of the essential truths of Christianity, and a constant and most forcible appeal to the heart and con- science, characterize them throughout." Of the Essay on Human Liberty, an original thinker and an accomplished judge of composition thus writes: — "The great abilities of the writer are visible in every page; and from the perusal of such a production people may learn how to think on the difficult subject of which it treats." — See also Darling's Cyclopaedia BibUographia ; Lowndes's Bil>/;i/>lici J s Manual, &c. + Being unmanned, his remains were deposited in the largo vault under the chapel of Queen's College, to which he bequeathed his valuable library. J With him, indeed, the season of vigour and activity was not of long duration ; a morbid constitution of body, acted upon by a mind wounded by 282 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. long, full, and particular account, see the Life, of Dean Milner (with a fine portrait,* from a picture by Opie, in the possession severe domestic affliction, deprived the world of his exertions at a period when they were the most valuable. The latter part of his life, and that a very considerable portion of the whole, he passed in retirement ; but it was the" retirement of a man of talents and of learning. The range of his inquiries was surprisingly extensive : abstract science ; philosophy, theoretical and experimental; ancient literature; history; theology; by turns occupied his attention. The loss which society and his friends have sustained by his death may, in some measure, be estimated by all who have heard the name of this distinguished character, as they cannot fail to have heard also of his commanding talent, his extensive erudition, and his valuable labours. In him that superiority of intellect, which always procures to its possessor the homage of mankind, was neither the sole nor the highest ground of admira- tion. To men who esteem the qualities of the heart above those of the understanding, it will appear but a small part of his praise that he stood unrivalled in mathematics and natural philosophy, and unequalled as an historian of the Church. It may safely be affirmed that, in the estimation of those who knew him intimately, these extraordinary endowments acquired their chief lustre and value from the superior qualities of piety, candour, sincerity, and affection, which so eminently marked his character. In their view, the man of genius was almost lost in the liberal benefactor, the prudent counsellor, the undisguised friend, the engaging and instructive companion. Much is it to be regretted that his bodily infirmities, under the pressure of which he for many years ceased not to labour both in writing and preaching, towards the close of his life so increased as to suspend the continuation of that history in which, taking up the pen of a deceased brother, he has trans- mitted to posterity an immortal, though, alas ! unfinished, monument both of his fraternal affection and of his Christian piety. * Dean Milner's personal appearance was exceedingly distinguished. He was above the usual height, admirably proportioned, and of a commanding presence. His features were regular and handsome, and his fine countenance was as remarkable for the benevolence as for the high talent which it expressed. Of animal spirits he possessed, throughout his life, an abundant flow; and his constitution was doubtless, originally, unusually robust. In short, no man was ever more profusely gifted with the best and most valuable of natural endowments. By his friends he was regarded with a degree of admiration and reverent affection which falls to the lot of few. One who knew him well, and than whom few persons are better qualified to form a correct estimate of the powers of a truly great mind, thus writes:— "Dr. Milner was, beyond compare, the greatest and ablest man with whom, in the course of a somewhat checkered life, it has been my fortune to hold personal converse; and I never think of him without an accompanying feeling, that for anything which 1 may possess in the way of mental plenishing, 1 am indebted to him. I have often been struck with the resemblance between his conversations and those reported of Napoleon, whom all men must admit to have been an extraordinary specimen of mental power. There was the same freedom, the same neglect of conventional forms, and the same rapid transi- tion from one subject to another ; sometimes leaving behind all guesses as to the nature of the connection. There was also an utter carelessness about announcing facts whicli might seem to bear hard upon himself, and which a man of less consciousness of mental superiority would have withheld." The fulness and variety of Dean Milner's conversational powers were felt by all who had the privilege of holding intercourse with him. When engaged in the discussion of any interesting topic, as a point of natural philosophy, metaphysics, history, or theology, the abundance of the knowledge which he poured forth was only equalled by the force and originality of his expression. His complete acquaintance with his subject, his ample stores* of illustration. JAMES (LANE) FOX, ESQ., M.P. 283 of the president and fellows of Queen's College, Cambridge), by his niece, Mrs. Mary Milner, 1842; his Life, in Edgar's Foot- prints of Famous Men; the Gentleman's Magazine; the various Biographical Dictionaries ; the European Magazine for April, 1820, pp. 291-296 (with a good portrait, engraved by J. Thomson, from an original drawing by J. Jackson, first pub- lished in the contemporary British Portraits); the Christian Observer for May, 1820, pp. 289-300; the Monthly Magazine for May, 1820, pp. 328-332 ; the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1821; the Life of Wilberforce; the New Monthly Magazine, vol. xiii., p. 113, &c. See also his brother, the Kev. Joseph Milner, M.A., who died in 1797, p. 205, &c. 1756-1821.* JAMES (LANE) FOX, ESQ., M.P., Died in the sixty-fifth year of his age, April 7th, 1821, at his seat, Bramham Park, near Leeds, after only a week's illness, but and his conclusive reasoning, rendered his conversation, on such occasions, an intellectual feast. At the same time he was completely free from a fault often observable in persons remarkable for their conversational talents : there was in him no assumption of superiority ; he did not make those who less under- stood the subject feel their inferiority; he rather spoke as if he and the friends around him were mutually and on equal terms discussing the point in hand. There was a dignified simplicity about him, which, without abating the respect, won the affections of those who were in his company. In con- junction, however, with an unaffected frankness of manner, there was in all bis statements a force and decision which announced a clearness of conception and an authority of intellect rarely equalled. He possessed a mind sufficiently comprehensive and vigorous to embrace the widest range of inquiry ; and his industry and perseverance being equal to his ability, his acquirements were not confined within the limits of a few branches of science, but extended over almost the whole field of knowledge. His memory, although he himself con- sidered it inferior to that with which his brother Joseph had been gifted, was such as to enable him effectually to retain the stores of learning which he had amassed; and he possessed, in an extraordinary degree, the useful faculty — not always attendant even upon the most powerful memory — of being able, at any moment, to call all his powers into full action. Whatever subject might be proposed, he was always able to seize at once upon its main points, and to bring his varied resources immediately to bear upon it. * —1821. Kev. Thomas Morgan, LL.D., died at the library, founded by the Kev. Dr. Daniel WUliams, in Ked Cross Street, London, July 21st, 1821, in his sixty-ninth year. He was born in the year 1752, and was the only son of the Rev. Thomas Morgan, minister to a congregation of Protestant Dissenters in Caermarthenshire, who afterwards removed with his family into England, and settled first at Delf, in Yorkshire, and then at Morley, near Leeds, where he died, highly respected and esteemed. < a > He was a man of considerable ability and learning, and a liberal contributor to the Gentleman's Mcujazinc. The son was brought up to the same profession as the father, and received the advantages of a classical education at the grammar schools in Batloy and Leeds. When he had attained his fifteenth year, he was entered a student m the college at Hoxton, near London. This seminary was undor the direction of the Rov. Drs. Savage, Kippis, and Kecs, gentlemen eminently qualified to 284 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. many yeai's' suffering from declining health. His fine principles ; his honourable feelings; his excellent disposition; in short, his qualities, rarely equalled, were too numerous to admit of an attempt to name them; his generosity and extensive charities can never be calculated, for they were not ostentatious. He was, perhaps, the most accomplished man of his day — the best linguist, and the best historian possible ; his manners were those of the highest bred and most fashionable gentleman, and, we may venture to assert, nobody ever saw him otherwise. He was a most agreeable man in society when in good spirits, being veiy quick in bon mots, and full of anecdotes of the great men of his day, particularly of the celebrated Mr. Pitt, with whom he lived a good deal, as long as his health permitted; when that grew worse he retired from the world, and lived almost entirely fill the several departments of theology, the belles-lettres, and mathematics, to which they were appointed by the trustees of the late Mr. Coward, who at that time supported two institutions for the education of young men devoted to the Christian ministry. Under the able tuition of the professors in that college, Mr. Morgan continued six years. Leaving the college with ample testimonials of his proficiency and good conduct, he was chosen the assistant- preacher to a congregation at Abingdon, in Berkshire, then under the ministry of the Rev. Mr. Moore. The resignation of that gentleman, occasioned by age and infirmities, following soon after his settlement, he was unanimously invited to succeed him. His union with tliis society did not, however, con- tinue longer than two or three years, for, on the death of Dr. Prior, in 1768, the aged minister to the Presbyterian chapel in Goodman's Fields, Mr. Morgan was appointed to his pidpit, and he filled it with acceptance and usefulness till the lease of the place expired, and the congregation was consequently dissolved. During the latter period of his connection with this society, he officiated as one of the Sunday evening lecturers at Salter's Hall ; and in the year 1783 became a member of the late Dr. Williams's trust, in Red Cross Street. He held the office of trustee till the year 1804, when he was chosen librarian. No man coidd have been a more proper person to fill this honourable and important situation than himself. He was well acquainted with general literature, had a good knowledge of books, and was regular and punctual in his habits. In the year 1819 he was presented with the diploma of Doctor of Laws by the University of Aberdeen, and certainly few persons have better deserved the rank which was conferred on him by that learned body ; but his life was drawing to its close, and with it his enjoyment of the honour so deservedly bestowed. Dr. Morgan was a man of liberal sentiments in religion ; a Protestant Dissenter on principle, yet without bigotry ; and in his relations and character as a man and a Christian, was distinguished for the love of order and peace, which he connected with independence of mind and high sense of honour. As an author, he is before the public in two separate Discourses; and in a Collection of' Hymns for Public Worship, which include several original compositions, and in which Dr. Kippis, Dr. Rees, and Mr. Jervis, were concerned as well as himself; but he may be referred to on a larger scale in his reviews of foreign and domestic literature in the New Annual Register; and in a work of considerable value and great interest, The General Biography, which was first begun by Dr. Enfield, and afterwards carried on by Dr. Aikin and others. The lives which he wrote, and to which he has added the initial of Ms surname, will show with what care and judgment he collected, examined, and arranged his materials. Such was Dr. Morgan; JAMES (LANE) FOX, ESQ., M.P. 285 at Bramliara Park, occasionally going to a seat he had in Rut- land, and to London for a very short time every year.* He was bom in the south, and was reared by his uncle, George Fox (Lane), Lord Bingley of Bingley, in this county. He resided for many years in Italy and France, and had travelled a great deal on the continent. About this time he was a member of the House of Commons as M.P. for Horsham, and moved in the most fashionable circles in London, himself residing in Bingley House, Cavendish Square. Late in life he inherited a very considerable property in Ireland, from his maternal grand- mother, the daughter of George Lane, Viscount Lanesborough. He married, in July, 1789, the Hon. Marcia Pitt,t daughter of George, Lord Rivers, by whom he had — 1, George Lane, a member of parliament;^ 2, William Augustus, married to Lady and the 'writer who offers this impartial and jvist tribute, hopes he may he allowed to close his account in the words of a Roman poet : — " Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus Tarn cari capitis ? Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit." His body was deposited in Bunhill Fields, in the vault belonging to the late Dr. Williams, the founder of the library in Red Cross Street, London. — For a longer account, see the Leeds Mercury, kc, for July, 1821; and also the Gentleman's Magazine for August, 1821, p. 181; the Monthly Magazine, voL lii., pp. 86, 277; the New Monthly Magazine for October, 1821, p. 535, kc. < a ' His father, the Rev. Thomas Morgan, who was minister of the Presby- terian chapel at Morley during thirty -six years, and distinguished himself for learning and piety, by his excellent sermons, by his writings in the Gentleman's Maga I i n e, and by his able reply to the doctrines of the Trinity and Atonement advocated by Dr. Priestley, died July 2nd, 1799, in his eightieth year. His immediate predecessor was the Rev. Mr. Aldred, who held the appointment fifty-four years, and during that long period was not once prevented by illness from discharging his ministerial duties. Mr. Aldred's predecessor was the Rev. Joseph Dawson, who was ejected from Thornton chapel, under the act of uniformity, aDd appointed to the Presbyterian chapel at Morley, near Leeds, in 1688. — See the Annals of Leeds, &c. * As a gentleman, Mr. (Fox Lane or) Lane Fox was highly distinguished for the politeness of his manners, and for the extreme kindness and liberality of bis disposition; and he was not less esteemed and valued in the extensive circle of his friends, than revered and respected by his numerous tenantry and dependents. + The Hon. Mrs. Lane Fox, widow of the late James Lane Fox, Esq. , of Bram- ham Park, near Leeds, died at her house in Albemarle Street, London, Aug. 5th, 1822, aged sixty-six. Mrs. Fox was the second daughter of the first, and sister to the second, Lord Rivers. She was born in March, 1756, and married to Mr. Lane Fox, July 23, 1789. By the lamented death <>f this lady, we understand that property of from £8,000 to £10,000 a year will devolve on the younger branches of this noble family. Her remains were brought from London to be interred in the family vaults at Bramham, near Leeds. J George Lane Fox, Esq., of Bramham Park, near Leeds, married, Septem- ber 20th, 1814, Georgiana Henrietta, only daughter of Edward Percy Buckley, Esq., by the Lady Georgiana West, his wife, daughter of John, second Earl of Delawarr, and had issue: — 1, the present George Lane Fox, Esq., of Brain- 286 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Caroline, niece of the Earl of Hai*ewood, and sister to the Earl of Morton; 3, Sackville Walter, an officer in the Guards, M.P., who married, in June, 1826, Lady Charlotte Osborne, only daughter of George, sixth Duke of Leeds, their eldest son being now Lord Conyers ; 4, Thomas Henry, in holy orders ; and Marcia Bridget, married, August 5th, 1815, to the Hon. Edward Marmaduke Stourton, brother of Lord Stourton, who assumed the surname and arms of Vavasour, of Haslewood, and was created a baronet; Lady Vavasour died in 1829. — For further particulars, see the Leeds Intelligencer ; the Gentleman's Maga- zine ; the Neio Monthly Magazine for June, 1821, p. 313; Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. See also George (Lane Fox), Lord Bingley, who died in 1772, p. 173, &c 1759—1821. THE EEV. T. D. WHITAKEE, LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., An exemplary divine and able topographer, author of Loidis and LJlmete, or a History of Leeds, &c, and editor of a splendid edition of Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, 1816, with engravings (to both of which works reference is very frequently made in this volume),* was born June 8th, 1759, in the parsonage-house ham Park (for whom the Duke of York and the Duchess of Rutland stood sponsors, married, November 17th, 1837, Katherine, daughter of John Stein, Esq., formerly M.P. for Bletchingley, and has issue, George Sackville, James Thomas, Richard, Marcia, &c. ) ; 2, Georgiana Marcia ; 3, Frederica Elizabeth. Mr. Lane Fox, -who succeeded his father in 1821, represented Beverley and Pontefract successively in parliament ; and was major of the Yorkshire Yeomanry Cavalry, and a deputy-lieutenant in the North-Riding. He died in 1848. — See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. * The following are the titles and dates of Dr. Whitaker's principal works : — 1. A Sermon for the Benefit of the Leeds General Iufirmary, 1796, 8vo. (see Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lxvii., p. 139). 2. A History of the Original Parish of "WTialley and Manor of Clitheroe, in the Counties of Lancaster and York, with plates and maps, 1801, 4to. ; third edition, 1818. 3. History and Anti- quities of the Deanery of Craven, in the County of York ; London, 1805, folio ; 1812, royal 4to. 4. A Sermon, 1807, 8vo. 5. De Motu per Britanniam Civico, annis 1745 et 1746, Liber Unicus, London, 1809, 18mo. 6. The Life and Original Correspondence of Sir George Radcliffe, Knight, 1810, 4to. 7. The Sermons of Dr. Edward Sandys, formerly Archbishop of York ; with a Life of the Author, 1812, 8vo. 8. The Vision of William concerning "Piers Ploughman," &c. ; London, 1813, 4to. 9. A Sermon, 1814, 4to. 10. A New Edition of Thoresby's ' ' Ducatus Leodiensis ;" or, ' ' The Topography of Leeds," folio, 1816. 11. "Loidis and Elmete;" or, An Attempt to Hlustrate the Dis- tricts described in those words by Bede, and supposed to embrace the lower portions of Airedale and AVharfedale, together with the entire vale of Calder, folio, 1816. 12. Substance of a Speech at Blackburn, February 20th, 1817. 13. The History of Yorkshire, folio, 1821. The MSS. for "Richmondshire" and "Lunedale" were completed by Dr. ^Tiitaker previous to his lamented death. — Seethe Gentleman's Magazine; Nichols's Illustrations of Literature, vol. iv., p. 880; the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1823; Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographia ; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, &c. THE REV. T. D. WHITAKER, LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. 2S7 of Rainham, Norfolk, which is the subject of a singular story recorded by Sir Henry Spelmau (for which see the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1823). In November, 1766, he was placed under the care of the Rev. John Shaw, of Rochdale, an excellent grammarian and instructor. In 1771 he fell into such an ill state of health as rendered him incapable of any steady attention to books until 1774, when he was placed in the family of the Rev. William Sheepshanks, at Grassington, in Craven. In November of that year he was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, where he went to reside October 3rd, 1775. In November, 1780, he took the degree of LL.B., intending to pursue the profession of the civil law, whicli he studied for two years with great attention. But in June, 1782, his father having died after a week's illness, he settled upon his paternal estate, which for upwards of thirty years he continued to improve and adorn by successive plantations. In August, 1785, he was ordained deacon at Rosecastle, by Dr. John Law, Bishop of Clonfert; and in July of the following year received the order of priesthood from the same prelate — both without a title. In 1788, having previously recovered, by a donation of £400, the patronage of the chapel at Holme, which had been founded by one of his ancestors, with the aid of some liberal subscriptions he rebuilt it, the old edifice being mean and dilapi- dated. In 1797 he was licensed to the perpetual curacy of Holme, upon his own nomination. In the month of July, 1799, he qualified as a magistrate for the county of Lancaster, and the next year but one for the West-Riding of Yorkshire. At the Cambridge commencement in 1801, he completed the degree of LL.D.; and in the month of January, 1809, was presented by the Archbishop of Canterbury to the vicarage of Whalley, the great object of his wishes. For this favour, besides his Grace's own generous disposition to reward a stranger who had written a history of the parish, he was also indebted to the recom- mendation of that learned and excellent prelate, Dr. Cleaver, formerly his diocesan, and at that time Bishop of Bangor, to whose many instances of friendly attention Dr. Whitaker lias frequently alluded in his writings with gratitude and respect. In 1818 he was presented with the valuable living of Black- burn, in Lancashire. He married Lucy, daughter of Thomas Thoresby, Esq., of Leeds, a kinsman to the celebrated antiquary of that name, who survived him, and by whom he left three sons and one daughter, having lost a daughter in 1816, and bis eldest son (the Rev. Thomas Thoresby Whitaker, MA.) the 288 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. subsequent year, in consequence of a fall from his horse.* The doctor is said never to have recovered the shock occasioned by this unfortunate catastrophe. This able and excellent man died at the vicarage, Blackburn, December 18th, 1821, in the sixty- third year of his age, and was buried in the family vault at Holme on the 24th; the attendance at his grave bearing ample testimony to the veneration his character had commanded where his influence was more immediately felt. The following character of Dr. Whitaker is from the pen of a gentleman to whom he was intimately known : — As a literary man, in which character he is most generally, though perhaps not most deservedly known, he was distinguished not less for industry and acuteness in research, accuracy of reasoning, and extent of knowledge, than warmth of imagination and vigour of style. To the study of English antiquities, which the lovers of Greek and Roman lore too often affect to despise as barbarous and uninteresting, he brought a rich store of classical information, and, what is of much rarer occurrence, a correct and classical taste; and when to these we add the knowledge of such modern languages as throw most light on the subject, an intimate acquaintance with the Anglo-Saxon and Gothic dialects, on which our own is chiefly founded, and the habit of close attention to those nume- rous traces they have left in the rude tongue of the people around Mm, it may be admitted that few champions have appeared in the arena of antiquarian warfare more completely armed for the field. He must, indeed, be considered as having mainly contributed to the revival of a school in topography, which had well-nigh become extinct. In the days of Leland and Camden, the fathers of this delightful study, it was thought no sin for an antiquary to be a man of genius and letters, and we find this ground occupied by the very first scholars of the * The Rev. Thomas Thoresby Whitaker, M.A., curate of Colne and Acering- ton, was horn December 31st, 1785; married, March 26th, 1810, Jane, eldest daughter of James Hordern, Esq., of Wolverhampton, and had an only son, the present Thomas Hordern Whitaker, Esq., J.P., F.S.A., of The Holme, near Burnley, Lancashire, born December 2nd, 1814; married, first, in 1848, Mary, daughter of James B. Garforth, Esq., of Coniston, which lady died without issue; and, secondly, November 18th, 1851, Margaret Nowell, youngest daughter of the Rev. J. Robinson, rector of Alresford, Essex, by his wife, Mrs. Nowell, of Netherside and Linton, in Craven, and has a daughter, Mary Charlotte, &c— See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. His second son, the Rev. Robert Nowell Whitaker, M.A., at present succeeds him in the vicarage of Whalley : a preferment which would have afforded his father the greatest satisfaction. His grandson, T. H. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., F.S.A. (who has kindly revised the above Sketch), also succeeds him in the family estate at Holme, and in the duties of a magistrate, which, " in those troublous times," shortened the latter days of his ancestor. THE REV. T. D. WHITAKEE, LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. 289 age; but in succeeding times the race had greatly degenerated, and a fell array of county and local historians might be pro- duced, the heaviness of whose matter is only exceeded by the dulness of their manner, and whose dense folios will be found to contain little beside transcripts of parish registers, title-deeds, public records, and monumental inscriptions, not often possessing even the merit of accurately representing their originals. Did an erratic antiquary now and then forsake the beaten track, making ever so slight pretensions to brilliancy of imagination or warmth of feeling, he was looked upon by his brethren as one whose levity was altogether inconsistent with the gravity of the corps, and whose light weapons were calculated to injure rather than benefit the cause; like a young divine who should exhibit symptoms of wit before the convocation, or a knight- errant who would break the ranks of a regular army to tilt and be slain for the honour of his lady. The natural consequence was, that the dulness of the whole brotherhood became pro- verbial ; they were supposed to occupy the humblest place in the scale of literary existence — a step, perhaps, above the penmen of the counting-house, but very far below the lowest pretenders to literature in any other department. The possible utility of their pursuits in the illustration of history, manners, and the arts, was quite overlooked by themselves and others. If they were ever praised, it was for patience and industry; but even this scanty tribute was often withheld by those who did not hesitate to profit by their pains. From this degraded state it is not too much to say that the historian of "Whalley, Craven, and Pdchmondshire, has redeemed his favourite study; and to him we are chiefly indebted, if it has in modern times been dis- covered that topography may be united with the keenest relish for natural beauty, with the most devoted attachment to the fine arts, with the grave contemplation of the moralist, the edifying labours of the biographer, and the loftiest flights of the bard. Nor will this merit be denied him, though the advocates of the old system may now and then triumph in a trifling inaccuracy, or raise the luxe and cry against the inordinate ambition that would pant after higher honours than that of having compiled an index to a record office — that would aspire to the distinction of being read, and be but ill-content with the immortality of resting in a libi-ary, to be produced only on the transfer of a manor, the proof of a pedigree, or the sale of an advowson. But topography, though the favourite, was yet by no means the only station he occupied ; and in addition to the acknow- ledged works by which these minor claims on public regard 290 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXSIS. are supported, the Quarterly Review owed some of its most distinguished articles to his pen ; and his speech on the public distresses, delivered at a meeting in Blackburn, may be instanced as a specimen of sound reasoning calculated long to .survive the particular occasion that called it forth. (See it printed in the Gentlemarfs Magazine, vol. lxxxvii, p. 213.) In the fields of verse he never rambled, though no man could better appreciate the merits of poetry, or more readily trans- fuse its chief graces into his own compositions. His style was nervous, yet elegant; concise, yet fluent; averse to the modern barbarisms and affectation which degrade the English tongue, but never hesitating to naturalize a foreign word, so it were of respectable origin, and would conform to the usages of its adopted country. In the use of simile and quotation he was remarkably happy; but, above all, excelled in the faculty of painting (if it may be so called) the object before him — of seizing at once the chief features, whether of scenery, architec- ture, or human character; and by a few well-chosen epithets, or by one masterly stroke, conveying a rapid but finished picture to the mind. In this respect he strongly resembled Camden; and, had the custom of publishing in a learned language pre- vailed now, as it did in the Elizabethan age, we have reason to suppose, from his little work, De Motu per Britanniam Cimco v &c, that he would not have fallen short of that great master in his Latin style. To his characteristic warmth, however, the defects as well as the merits of his works may be mainly ascribed: nor is it to be w T ondered, that though for the most part no less accui'ate than vivid in his ideas, his rapidity should now and then have overlooked an object worthy of notice, or represented it in a manner wdiich a second glance would infal- libly have corrected; that in his opposition to principle, he should occasionally have appeared somewhat too unsparing of persons; and that his zeal, when counteracted by those with whom reason and authority had about equal weight, should sometimes have defeated its own object, where partial conces- sion, and a more conciliatory tone, might have prevailed. His theological works were confined to the publication of occasional Sermons; but he had the enviable art of making every literary undertaking subservient to the great interests of religion and morality, without violating the proprieties of the subject in hand ;* an object wdrich certainly no clergyman should ever * In this character, indeed, Dr. Whitaker was most exemplary. Placed in situations which gave him a sort of episcopal superintendence over a district no less than thirty miles in extreme length, nearly the same in breadth, con- THE REV. T. D. WHITAKER, LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. 291 suffer to escape his view, whatever be the lighter studies or amusements he may think proper to indulge. His discourses partook largely of the peculiarities already noticed in his other works : they had the same fire, the same strength and fluency of language, the same acuteness of reasoning and originality of illustration, the same happy use of ornament ; but they were also so perfectly simple, and intelligible to the humblest of his auditors, and delivered with eloquence so natural and impres- sive, that, though far from courting popularity, he never failed to attract overflowing congregations. But the principles which regulated his whole conduct as a clergyman cannot be better expressed than in his own words : " The dispensation of the Gospel has been committed to me within a certain district, and under certain forms and limitations. I owe, under the most solemn obligations, obedience to my immediate superiors in the church, and conformity to all its established rules : here I have no option; I eat my bread on that condition; if I transgress it, I am a dishonest man. I see, indeed, the genuine doctrines of my own church entirely neglected by some of its ministers; and mingled with fanaticism, democracy, and other poisonous com- binations, by others; nevertheless, I know them to be the word of truth. I will, by God's grace, not reject, but separate them from these admixtures; preach them boldly, yet rationally; and if in so doing my motives are mistaken, my principles decried, and myself am classed with a sect to which I do not belong, I will bear my cross in patience." These observations occur in a note to the History of Whalley, p. 389, the whole of which is well deserving the attention of all friends of the Establishment, and merits a more general circulation than the particular object of the work is likely to afford. It has seldom happened that men so gifted for the pulpit and the press have as successfully interchanged the retirement of the study for the more active walks of life; but with all the aversion to minute calculation, and the detail of mechanical arrangement, which the most taining twenty-four dependent chapelries, and occupied by more than 100,000 inhabitants, he exercised this important influence in a manner which might well hare become a still wider sphere of labour. In his appointments to the chapels which came under his own immediate patronage, he was ever actuated by the purest and most disinterested motives; nor could any practicable scheme foi promoting the temporal or spiritual welfare of his parishioners be proposed to him, which did not meet his ready concurrence and active co-operation. More frequently, indeed, these plans originated with himself ; and while he was thus enabled to placj around him a body of zealous and useful clergy, his own conduct in the discharge of his more personal functions furnished an escellenl model to all. To th "f his character ample justice was done during his lifetime, in that depository for ancient lore— the Gentleman's M'i'ji.-.tiii, vol. sc, p. 402, &c. 292 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. abstracted student could have expressed, no man could more practically weigh the merits of an extended plan; and with nerves that shrunk at the very shadow of trivial and imaginary clanger, none could more firmly encounter its real form when duty led the way. Composition, also, with him required little or no effort ; and while he could dictate his most finished descriptions on the spot, or lay up in the solitude of a morning- walk abundant employment for the too tardy pen, many a track was recovered from the encroachments of time, which his activity never allowed to remain long uncultured. Hence he was no less busily employed in the preservation of old and the erection of new churches throughout his parishes, than in providing for the furtherance of the great objects to which they Avere dedicated; nor could the trustees of the parliamentary fund, lately applied to those purposes, have selected a more active and useful associate. Blessed early in life with the possession of a patri- monial estate, to which he was ever enthusiastically attached, he became a planter and improver on no narrow scale; and in this profitable and patriotic pursuit received the gold medal of the Society of Arts, while more than half a million of trees, rising gradually beneath his hand, gave grace and dignity to the rugged sceneiy around him. To watch their growth and beauty was the frequent solace of his lighter hours; and when at his last visit to the Holme, declining health admonished him that he should see them no more, he calmly selected one of the comeliest of his own planting to be the depositary of his mortal remains.* Adorned with these accomplishments as an author, a clergyman, a subject, and a man, and endowed by nature and age with a commanding person, a venerable and expressive coun- tenance, and a peculiarly animated eye, he seemed to possess the * In a district where the non-residence or extinction of the ancient gentry had much weakened the civilizing influence of polished manners on the humbler classes of society, and even the restraints of law were but feebly exerted, the office of a magistrate, for which his education and pursuits had so well qualified him, was accepted as a duty, and, at Holme, might have been exercised with unmixed pleasure to himself, and advantage to others; but, transplanted into the midst of a manufacturing population, at a time when sedition and blasphemy were unusually prevalent, and the poison of a system, whose evils he had from the first foretold and resisted, was fer- menting to its utmost height of malignity, the conscientious discharge of his duty, rewarded as it was by the approbation of his sovereign, and the warm thanks of his neighbours and countrymen, was attended with sacrifices which his friends and the lovers of literature may be excused for thinking almost too great, even in the best of causes — the suspension of those calmer studies in which he delighted; and, as it may be feared, the introduction of that distressing disorder to which he fell a victim. A magnificent service of plate was given to him by the inhabitants of Blackburn, in testimony of their gratitude and respect, on the 23rd of April, 1821. THE REV. T. D. WHITAKER, LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. 293 faculty of impressing Ms own image on the mind no less vividly than the features of landscape were depicted by his pen — an image which no one who has once beheld him in the pulpit, amidst the trophies of antiquity, or in the peaceful seclusion of domestic life, will ever be able to efface from recollection. To this faithful account (originally communicated to the Gentleman s Magazine by the Kev. S. J. Allen) may be added a character of Dr. Whitaker which first appeared in the Leeds Intelligencer, under the signature of " P. W." : — " Having read in your Intel- ligencer the death of Dr. Whitaker, I fully expected that you would have given, in a subsequent paper, a more copious obituary of that profound and learned divine. Though I detest gross panegyric, or posthumous undeserved praise, I think that a just and honourable remembrance of the abilities and virtuous exertions of those who have gone before us, tends to stimulate the survivors. I have been more particularly disappointed by this silence, knowing that the doctor resided some time in the parish of Leeds. On that account I concluded that some of his learned acquaintance resident there, who had enjoyed his conversation, and had been instructed by his ecclesiastical labours, or by the numerous productions of his pen in divinity, in politics, in history, and in antiquities, would have favoured your readers with a more detailed account. Not only his own parish, but probably the whole kingdom, is in some measure indebted to his exertions, through Providence, for the peace, domestic comforts, and national security, which we now have the happiness to enjoy. Though possessing a delicate frame, no violence of the Jacobinical mob, however malignant; no threatenings, however diabolical, excited his fears, or prevented him from discharging the most laborious and the most dangerous office of a magistrate in the disaffected district of Lancashire, where he resided. Among strangers he was silent and reserved. His eloquence was rarely exerted on political occasions. A friend of mine expressed his utmost astonishment when Dr. Whitaker addressed the meeting at Blackburn, convened by the magistrates, in order to support the arm of government, and to check the nefarious designs of the lower ranks. The hall was crowded to excess, particularly by the Radicals. When the doctor unexpectedly rose to address the meeting, he instantly poured forth such a torrent of eloquence that the higher ranks were completely electrified, and the disaffected sneaked out one by one, overpowered by his arguments or convicted by their consciences.'' He was sometimes accused of severity. But morose, indeed, must he be who will not make allowance for 294 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. delicate health and a highly nervous constitution, which times of insubordination, of turbulence, and disaffection, constantly kept in a state of irritation. Piety and modest worth ever found in him a protector and a friend. The vanity of ignorance, or the presumption of the upstart, he held in equal contempt. If he were severe, he was, to use his own words, " Sola in vitia asper." In the company of a few select friends, his conversation was of a very superior cast ; full of acute remarks, of argument, or of anecdote; — "Modo tristi, scepe jocoso." To affectation, to disguise, or to hypocrisy, his heart was an utter stranger. His knowledge of the Scriptures, of the Fathers, of history, and of antiquities, was most profound. His extempore eloquence in the pulpit was rapid, energetic, and impressive. His language was so terse, so correct, and, at the same time, so elegant, that the most learned and polished audience could not but admire it ; — " Nee fecundia deserit hunc, nee lucidus ordo." — For further particulars, see Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xcii., p. 312, &c. ; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 871, &c., with por- trait and facsimile of his autograph; the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1823, p. 211; the Dictionary of Living Authors; the New Monthly Magazine for March, 1822, p. 136; Knight's Biographical Cyclopaedia, &c. See also a fine portrait of Dr. Whitaker, set. 56, from a painting by J. Northcote, R.A., in his Loidis and Elmete, &c. 1753-1825. SIR JAMES GEAHAM, BART., M.P. for Carlisle, of Kirkstall, near Leeds, died in Portland Place, London, in April, 1825, in his seventy-second year. There had been a visible decline in his health for a year before his decease ; but a relaxation from his usual attendance on public business, and the renovating breezes of Brighton, were thought to have operated so far favourably as to allay all appre- hension of immediate danger. This, we believe, was also his own opinion, as in a letter written from Brighton he expressed himself with great cheerfulness, and described his health as much improved. The character of Sir James Graham, public or private, was as much above the compass of hasty panegyric as it was above selfishness and hypocrisy. He was an active and useful public man in forwarding all the improvements of the country; honest and frank, and at all times ready to promote the well-being of the community. Though occupying a station which often (we had nearly said necessarily) calls forth the ran- cour of pai-ty hostility, yet he had not, perhaps, a real enemy. SIR JAMES GRAHAM, BART., M.P. 295 In every relation of life lie was exemplary. As a public ser- vant, discharging the duties of a voluntary and honorary trust, he was ever ready with advice and assistance. He never stopped to inquire to what party the applicant belonged ; to require his aid in a just cause was to obtain it. Every improve- ment of the city of Carlisle received his commendation, and called forth his pecuniary aid ; the public charities liberally par- took of his bounty; he neglected nothing calculated to promote the welfare of his native county. Sir James was the second son of Thomas Graham, Esq., of Edmond Castle, near Carlisle, and was born on the 18th of November, 1753. He was created a baronet in October, 1808.* In June, 1781, he married Anne,t only daughter of the Rev. Thomas Moore, of Kirkstall, near Leeds (sole heiress of her only brother, Major Thomas Moore, of the 4th Regiment of Cavalry, who died, unmarried, in 1784), heir-general of the family of Arthington,^ of Arthington, near Leeds, and also one of the co-heiresses of the family of Sandford (a veiy ancient family, who may be traced to the reign of King John, and who were formerly of Sandford-upon-Eden, in the county of Westmoreland), &c, by whom he had issue three sons and two daughters, of whom one son and one daughter alone survived him, viz., Sandfoi"d,§ who succeeded to the title, &c, * Sir James Graham was, in June, 1802, from the personal friendship and powerful interest of Sir William Lowther, of Swillington, near Leeds, after- wards Earl of Lonsdale, &c, chosen member for the borough of Cocker- mouth, in the county of Cumberland, which he continued to represent until 1812 (except for a year, when he was chosen for the district boroughs in Galloway), when he was elected member for the city of Carlisle. He was Master of Arts, F.A.S., and F.L.S., and hereditary member of the British Institution, &c. + Anne Moore was the daughter of Thomas Moore, Esq., who married, in 1742, Ann, daughter of Thomas Sawer, Esq., twice mayor of Leeds, in 1726 and 1740; took deacons' orders in 1744; became curate of Headingley, and died December 10th, 1764. The male branches of the several families of Moore, rector of Guiseley (of Redcote and of Kirkstall Forge); of the Arthingtons, Hickes, and Hardcastles, all formerly of this neighbourhood, are now extinct; but dame Anne, the wife of Sir James Graham, Bart., was the lineal descendant and sole heir-general of the Moores, Arthingtons, and Hickes, and co-heir of the Hardcastles, &c. ; and they were (as such heir- general) in the possession of the several mills and other property in Kirkstall, Armley, Bramley, Headingley, and Moore- Allerton, formerly of the Moores, Arthingtons, and Hickes. J For a short account of the Arthingtons, see Note on p. 163 of this volume ; and for a longer account, with twoengra\ bags of the ancient nunnery at Arth- ington, see Jones's History of Harewood, pp. 218, 231, &c. § Sir Sandford I rraham, Bart., E.S.A.,was born March 10th, 1788 ; married, April 22nd, 1819, Caroline, third daughter of the late John Haughton Lane ston, Esq., of Sarsden House, Oxfordshire, and by her bad issue 1. Kami- ford, the present baronet; 2, Lumley, lieutenant-colonel, l'Jth regiment; born 1828; married, January 1st, 1856, Augusta, eldest daughter of Join) 29G BIOGEAPHIA leodiensis. and the lady of Colonel Dalrymple, ' late M.P. for Appleby, He married, first, Eleanor, elder daughter of Henry Wright, Esq. , of Otferton, in Cheshire, and by her had an only child, John Lloyd, Esq., F.R.S., of Snitterton, in the county of "Warwick, who married Anne, daughter and heir of James Hibbins, M.D., and had issue— 1, George, of Welcombe House, Warwick, born in March, 1768; high-sheriff in 1806; died, unmarried, in July, 1831; 2, John Gamaliel, of Welcombe House, bencher of the Middle Temple, high-sheriff of Warwickshire in 1832; died, unmarried, in 1837 ; 3, Charlotte, who married the Rev. Thomas Warde, and had a son, Charles Thomas Warde, Esq., J. P., born in 1813, high-sheriff in 1846, now of Welcombe House, &c, Warwickshire. Mr. Lloyd married, secondly, Susannah, daughter of Thomas Horton, Esq., of Chadderton, in Lancashire (some time governor of the Isle of Man, under the Earl of Derby, and father of Sir William Horton, Bart.), by Ms wife, Anne, daughter and co-heiress of Eichard Mostyu, of London, and had issue — I. Gamaliel Lloyd, Esq., alderman of Leeds, and mayor in 1799, died in Great Ormonde Street, London, August 31st, 1817. He married Elizabeth, daughter of James Attwood, Esq., and had issue— 1, Wdliam Horton Lloyd, Esq., F.L.S., pos- sessor of estates in the counties of York, Lancaster, and Derby, born February 10th, 1784, who married, April 13th, 1826, Mary, fourth and youngest daughter of George Whitelocke, Esq., of Seymour Place, Bryan- stone Square, London, and had issue — Gamaliel, born in June, 1827, died in November, 1830, and George Whitelocke, born May 30th, 1830; 2, Mary Horton, married to Stephen John Winthrop, M.D. ; 3, Anne Susannah, mar- ried to Leonard Horner, Esq., F.R.S., &c. II. George Lloyd, Esq., barrister- at-law, long resident in Manchester, and afterwards at York, married Elizabeth, daughter of Jeremiah Naylor, of Wakefield, merchant, and had issue, the late George Lloyd, Esq., of Stockton Hall, Acombe, near York, born in May, 1787 ; died in 1863 ; married, in 1810, Alicia Maria, daughter of John Greame, Esq. , of Sowerby House, Yorkshire, and had issue — 1, George John, born in July, 1811, who, in 1857, assumed the surname of Yarburgh, after his mother's grandfather, Charles Yarburgh, Esq. , of Heslington Hall, near York ; 2, Yarburgh Gamaliel, born in 1813, in holy orders ; 3, Henry, born in December, 1815, late rector of Yarburgh, in Lincolnshire ; 4, Edward, born in May, 1823; and Alicia Maria, &c. III. Thomas Lloyd, Esq., of Horsforth Hall, lieutenant-colonel commandant of the Leeds Volunteers, died at King- thorpe House, near Pickering, April 7th, 1828. He married Anne, daughter of Walter Wade, Esq., of New Grange, near Leeds, and had issue — 1, George Lloyd, Esq., of Coweshy Hall, Northallerton, born in May, 1786. He married, first, in 1820, Marian Christina, fifth daughter of Alexander Maclean, Esq., of Argyleshire, by whom he had no issue. He married, secondly, June 7th, 1825, Elizabeth, second daughter of William Rookes Leeds Serjeantson, Esq., of Camp Hill, near Ripon, and has issue — 1, Thomas William; 2, George Walter; 3, John George; Caroline Anne; and Marianne Jane, &c. — For a longer account, see Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. ( a ) There is in Svrillington church, near Leeds, a monument with the following inscriptions: — "To the memory of George Lloyd, Esq., F.R.S., formerly of the Holme, in the county of Lancaster, late of Barrowby (near Leeds), in the county of York, who died the 4th of December, 1783, aged seventy-five. The love of knowledge early marked his character ; and a clear, vigorous, compre- hensive mind, aided by much industrious application, and much familiar intercourse with men of letters, carried him to eminent attainments ; which rendered his conversation agrecahle and instructive, and qualified him for that real usefulness in life to which his disposition prompted him. In the COLONEL THOMAS LLOYD. 309 near Pickering, in the seventy -eighth year of his age.* In the early part of his life he was engaged in business as a merchant at Leeds; but soon after the death of his father he gave it up, and retired into the neighbourhood — not indeed to a life of inactivity; for, ever active and patriotic as he was, he sought to make himself useful to his country as a volunteer officer. He had previously served as lieutenant in a corps of Leeds volun- teer Infantry, under the command of the late Colonel Dixon, of Gledhow, during the American war. In 1794, the year after the breaking out of the war with France, a new corps of volun- teer infantry, about 300 strong, was embodied at Leeds, of which he was selected to take the command; and few persons were better qualified, either by nature or circumstances, for such an office. At the termination of that war the corps was dis- banded; but on the renewal of hostilities after the peace of Amiens, another corps was raised, consisting of two battalions exercise of magistracy, wise, upright, and assiduous, he approved himself a faithful guardian of the public interests. The profession of medicine, to which he had been bred, having no need to practise it for himself, he exer- cised solely for the benefit of others — of the poor, and those who had none to help them. In every relation and all Christian duties, he was such as, in dying, to have left to his numerous family, and to many friends, great com- fort as well as great affliction." Also, " In memory of Susanna, relict of George Lloyd, Esq., daughter of Thomas Horton, Esq., and sister of the late Sir William Horton, of Chadderton, in the county of Lancaster, Bart. In her was combined all that was amiable and praiseworthy ; she was an affec- tionate wife, a most kind and tender parent, a sincere friend, and pious Chris- tian ; she was charitable and' liberal without ostentation, and in domestic affairs united economy with plenty ; cheerful in health and patient in sick- ness, beloved and respected by all who knew her. She departed this life March 16th, 1797, aged seventy-eight years. She left three sons and three daughters to lament their loss, who have erected this monument in remem- brance of one of the best of mothers." * "The death of such an uncompromising patriotic Briton," according to the heeds Intettifft net r, " cannot be passed over without expressing the deepest sensation of individual and (as far as the town of Leeds is concerned) of uni- versal regret : we mean with reference not only more peculiarly to those who lived and personally acted with him so long as thirty years ago (1798), but also to those who have, without that personal knowledge, witnessed his unalterable and unceasing benevolence to many private individuals, as well as to almost all our public institutions. Let us go back to the period of the French Revolution. Colonel Lloyd then stood forward — a Volunteer; the offer quickly spread through the land, and animated a loyal people; and, by his example, a patriot-hand was instantaneously cemented, which, in spite of faction, most essentially and happily tended to maintain the independence and integrity of the British empire. Our humble efforts coidd give no expression to the sincere regard of those who, fired with simultaneous liritish rigs, served under his patriotic banner. Many a one, who has seen their feelings publicly evinced, must give us credit for declining the attempt. "We knew the departed well; and sincerely are we convinced that, as a patriotic, truly sincere, and disinterestedly charitable individual, — " ' We ne'er shall look upon his like again.' " 310 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of 700 each, at the head of which he was unanimously placet!, and which he continued to command till 1807, when he retired from public life. He was particularly happy in combining the strict discipline of the soldier with the urbanity and hospitality of the country gentleman; and perhaps no one was ever more fenerally beloved, or more promptly and cheerfully obeyed. lis disposition was kind, generous, and friendly, and his manners were peculiarly adapted to win the affections — beiug open, frank, manly, and decisive. From the highest to the lowest ranks in his corps he was regarded with the feeling of a brother, and this feeling spread among all classes with a spirit approaching to enthusiasm. Of the value in which his public services and private worth were held, some estimation may be formed from the following testimonies borne to them : — On the 4th of June, 1795,* the Corporation of Leeds (John Blayds, Esq., mayor) presented him with a handsome sword, "as a token of their approbation of his military services, and of his conduct in the patriotic cause in which he was engaged." On the 4th of June, 179G, the non-commissioned officei's and privates of the Leeds Volunteer Infantry presented him with a large and handsome cup (silver-gilt), "as a grateful acknow- ledgment for his unremitted and affectionate attention to them as brethren-in-arms, enrolled for the defence of the king, the constitution, and the laws." In 1799 an offer was made him by Government to raise a regiment to serve in any part of Europe, all the commissions of which should be at his dis- posal; and on his declining it, he was desired to name any friend to whom the offer might be acceptable. In 1802 a full- length portrait of him by Russell was presented to Mrs. Lloyd, his wife, by the corps of Leeds Volunteers. In 1807 the non- * On the 29th of September, 1794, the Leeds Corporation passed a vote of thanks to the volunteer corps of this borough, for their readiness in enrolling themselves for its defence, and also ordered an elegant sword to be purchased and presented by the mayor, in the name of the corporation, "to Thomas Lloyd, Esq., colonel-commandant of the said volunteers." The cost of the sword was £84. A vote of thanks was also given by the corporation, under their common seal, on the 11th of February, 1807, to Thomas Lloyd, Esquire, for his great and essential services as colonel-commandant of the Volunteer Corps of Infantry within this borough, when, owing to his declining state of health, he resigned that office, in the following words: — "Resolved unani- mously, that this court learn with deep regret that Thomas Lloyd, Esq., from the precarious state of his health, has found himself obliged to resign the situa- tion of lieutenant-colonel commandant of the Leeds Volunteer Infantry. That this court, sensible of the value of Lieutenant-Colonel Lloyd's past services, and impressed with the great importance of the example which he has given of disinterested patriotism during a crisis of unparalleled difficulty and danger, request that lie will accept the tribute of their sincere and cordial thanks."— See WardeU's Municipal History of Leeds, &c. JOHN ATKINSON, ESQ., F.L.S. 311 commissioned officers and privates of the two battalions of Leeds Volunteer Infantry presented him with a gold snuff-box, "as a token of their respect for him their late colonel." In 1828, on his death, a public meeting was held at Leeds (Thomas Blayds, Esq., mayor, in the chair), when it was resolved, " That as a due mark of respect for the invaluable services of the late Colonel Lloyd to this town and neighbourhood, a monument be erected to his memory by subscription in the parish church;" and a subscription was immediately entered into for that purpose. A monument, executed by J. Gott, Esq., to his memory, was erected in the Leeds parish church, in March, 1834. It is con- structed of beautiful white marble, and the inscription, of which the following is a copy, is surmounted by an admirable bust of the deceased: — "To the Memory of Thomas Lloyd, Esquire. In his character were eminently displayed loyalty to the king, zeal for his country, and all the social virtues which mark the EngHsh gentleman. He was twice called by the general voice of the inhabitants of this borough to the important trust of lieutenant-colonel commandant of the Leeds Volun- teer Infantry. First, in the year 1794, for the protection of their property, endangered by the spread of anti-social and revolutionary principles; secondly, in the year 1803, for the preservation of their homes and liberties under the menace of foreign invasion. By military ardour and firmness, tempered with discretion, and by kind offices of friendship and hospitality, he won the affection of his corps, and was honoured with several valuable tokens of their esteem, as well as with other testimonies of public approbation. He contributed greatly to rouse that spirit of loyalty and patriotic devotion which secured domestic order, and finally achieved the country's triumph over her foreign foes. He died at Kingthorpe House, near Pickering, the 7th day of April, 1828, aged seventy-seven years. Eor a memorial of their high regard, and to hand down his bright example to future ages, some of his surviving volunteers and friends have erected this monument." Colonel Lloyd married Anne, daughter of Walter Wade, Esq., of New Grange, Leeds (by whom he had one son and one daughter), whose pedigree and arms may be seen in Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, p. 154; Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete, p. 354, &c. See also the Gentle- man's Magazine, &c, for May, 1828, p. 472, &c. 1787—1828. JOHN ATKINSON, ESQ., F.L.S., Surgeon, of Leeds, born May 29th, 1787, was the sixth son of 312 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. the late Rev. Miles Atkinson, B.A., vicar of Kippax and incumbent of St. Paul's, Leeds. He received liis education at the Grammar School of Leeds, and, at the age of fourteen, became a pupil of that eminent surgeon, the late Mr. Hey. Under such a preceptor, and aided by his own enthusiastic devotion to his profession, he could not fail in acquiring that eminence to which he subsequently attained. But it was as a naturalist that Mr. Atkinson was known to the world. It is interesting to trace the apparently accidental circuinstances by which the mind is directed to pursuits for which it appears to have been peculiarly formed. A severe illness took Mr. Atkin- son from Leeds to the retired village of Kippax, his father's vicarage; here, an admirer of the beauties of nature, his atten- tion was attracted to her details; and he became engaged in the study of the kindred sciences of botany and entomology, with that ardour which characterized all his pm-suits. For some time he laboured with no other book than Berkenhout's Syno2Jsis, and acquired an intimate knowledge of plants from studying them as presented by the hand of nature. On his removal to London to attend the course of lectures required for examination in his profession, he made an acquaintance with sevei^al eminent naturalists. He devoted the summer recesses to the cultivation of his favourite pursuits, and acquired an extended and correct knowledge of botany and entomology. At a later period Mr. Atkinson devoted his attention to orni- thology and zoology in general : the study of these sciences was, in a considerable degree, occasioned by his connection with the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, of which he was one of the earliest members, and whose museum he founded by many munificent presents in every department of natural liistory. His office of curator, to which the whole of not only the days but the nights he could spare from an extensive prac- tice were devoted, prevented his taking any pi-oniinent part in the public proceedings of the society; the journals, however, contain several valuable communications. The chief merit of originating the Yorkshire Horticultural Society belongs to Mr. Atkinson. In the year 1820, he and several of his supporters held the first meetings at the Star and Garter Hotel, Kirkstall, and for some years, as its treasurer, the society was much indebted to him for its existence. He lived long enough to enrol amongst its members many of the first and leading names of the county, and to witness the great improvement in horti- culture it has occasioned. Nor were his exertions confined to the diffusion of scientific knowledge; his was a more enlarged MR. SAMUEL HICK. 313 philanthropy. He was, in the support of every liberal institu- tion and society, feelingly alive to the calls of suffering and poverty. In his great practice, many were the sacrifices he made to the wants of the more indigent patients. It was to him the town of Leeds was indebted for that valuable institution the Lying-in Hospital; with him the proposal originated, and from him it received its most zealous support. Besides many communications to the scientific journals, Mr. Atkinson wrote a Compendium of the Ornithology of Great Britain, with a Refer- ence to the Anatomy and Physiology of Birds, 8vo., 1820; of which, during the melancholy illness that terminated in his death, he was preparing a second edition, with lithographic plates. He communicated the valuable account of plants growing within twenty miles of Leeds to Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete; and during his last illness, in addition to his work on ornithology, had prepared an account of the natural history of the neigh- bourhood of Askern. But great as was the public spirit by which he was distinguished, it w^as in private life that the value of his character shone with pre-eminent brilliancy. To those who were admitted to the delightful society of his social circle, the pleasure with which he communicated his extensive knowledge, the winning manner in which he encouraged the beginner in the paths of science, the valuable assistance he so liberally afforded, will long endear his memoiy. But Mr. Atkin- son possessed a still higher character — he was a Christian; and although walking in the highest paths of science, he remained undazzled by the splendid scenes around him, and through nature, with humility, he looked to nature's God. He was a Fellow of the Linnsean Society ; honorary curator of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society; treasurer to the Yorkshire Horticultural Society ; honorary member of the Bristol, York- shire, and Hull Philosophical Societies; and surgeon to the Leeds Lying-in Hospital. He died October 3rd, 1828, in his forty-second year. — See the Leeds Papers, &c, for October, 1828. The greater part of the above Sketch has been kindly contributed by his pupil and son-in-law, H. Miles Atkinson, Esq., surgeon, of Leeds, who has in his possession two small portraits of the deceased. 1758—1829. MR. SAMUEL HICK, Well known as "The Village Blacksmith," and a popular itinerant Wesleyan preacher, was bom at Aberford, near Leeds, Si ptember 20th, 1758, and was one of thirteen children. His 311 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. parents were very poor and could not afford to give him an education, so that he grew up to manhood without being able to read or write. At the age of fourteen he was bound appren- tice to Edward Derby, of Heulaugh, near Tadcaster, to learn the trade of a blacksmith. During his apprenticeship he was frequently impressed with religious feelings, especially by the addresses of Richard Burdsall, whom he followed from place to place, ti-avellmg many scores of miles, and never hearing him without being blessed under his preaching. Just before the expiration of his time, Samuel fell in love with his master's daughter, or, rather, she fell in love with him. Mr. Derby, coming down stairs one morning sooner than usual, found the girl seated on Samuel's knee. Without saying a word, he went to consult his wife as to what should be done to stop the affair, saying, " I believe she is as fond of the lad as ever cow was of a calf." The upshot of the matter was, that with a good deal of angry feeling the master ordered Samuel to leave his house and service. Samuel did not stick fast, — to use his own nar- ration, — "When I was one-and-twenty years of age, there was a shop at liberty at Mickletield, and my father took it for me. I here began business for myself, and when I had paid for my tools, I was left without a penny in my pocket or a bit of bread to eat; but I was strong, in good health, and laboured hard, and that God who sent the ravens to feed his servant, fed me. One day, while at work, a man came into my shop, who told me that his wife had fed the pig so fat as to render it useless to the family, and that he would sell me the one half of it very cheap. I told him that I wished it were in my power to make the pur- chase — that I was much in need — but that I was without money. He replied, he would trust me, and I agreed to take it. I mentioned the circumstance to a neighbour, who offered to lend me five pounds, which I accepted; and out of this I paid the man for what I had bought. I continued to labour hard, and the Lord in his abundant goodness supplied all my wants." After being established in business eighteen months, he observes — " The Lord saw that I wanted a helpmeet; knew the character that would suit me best, and was so kind as to furnish me with one of his own choosing." He soon unbosomed his feelings, was accepted, and finally united in holy matrimony in Spofforth church. The union proved a long and happy one; his wife was about five years his senior, and survived him three years. On leaving the church, after the marriage, a number of poor widows pressed around him to solicit alms; his heart was touched. "I began the world," said he to himself, " without money, and I MR. SAMUEL HICK. 315 will again begin it straight." He thereupon emptied his pocket of all the money he possessed. After marriage (his frugal wife, Martha, looking after the cash) he prospered. He used to say, "The Lord gave me a good wife, and I have never wanted money since." He says " That for some time after marriage, both he and his wife were strangers to saving grace; that he was converted through a vision which appeared to him in his sleep." His mother-in-law, who had been a member of the Wesleyan Connexion, died, and he dreamed that she appeared to him arrayed in Avhite, took him by the hand, and affection- ately warned him "to flee from the wrath to come." "My eyes," said he, "were opened — I saw all the sins I had com- mitted through the whole course of my life — I was like the Psalmist — I cried out like the gaoler — I said my prayers as I never did before." From that time till his death he followed a career of Christian usefulness, always exhibiting a strictly moral conduct. He became a joined Methodist, and soon after made up his mind to preach. " I know that the Lord," says he, " has given me one talent, and I am resolved to use it. He has given friend Dawson ten; but I am determined that he shall never run away with my one." About the year 1797, Mr. Dawson says that Samuel was actively engaged as a prayer-leader and exhorter hi the villages of Garforth, Barwick, Kippax, Micklefield, &c; and, having a horse at command, he could go to the most dis- tant places without difficulty. He was subsequently (about 1803) on both the Selby and Pontefract plans as a local preacher. " In person he was tall and bony, rising to the height of about six feet. Hard labour and the nature of his employment gave a roundness to the upper pai*t of his back, and a slight elevation to his right shoulder. His hair was naturally light, his complexion fair, his face full, but more inclined to the oval than the round, and his general features small, with a soft, quick, blue-gray, twinkhng eye." His mind was peculiarly constructed. There was no system about his sei'mons; his thoughts seemed broken into fragments. His mode of expression — half solemn, half comic — would cause his hearers one moment to smile, the next they would be in tears: such was his sudden transition from one train of thoughts to another. There was no polish about his speech. His lan- guage was of the broadest West-Yorkshire dialect ; but to thousands of the poor and others as unlettered as himself, " the village blacksmith" was of essential service. His zeal was not a mere crackling blaze in the pulpit. His workshop was his chapel, and many were the homilies which he delivered over the 316 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. tiivil and over the vice, to both poor and rich.* He says: " In those days there were not many noble, not many rich, called. For my own part, I have travelled many scores of miles, and neither tasted meat nor drink till I got home in the evening. I have very often had snowballs thrown at me, and been abused by the enemies of the cross of Christ. I have been turned out of places where I have been preaching, by the clergy and the magistrates ; but, bless the Lord, I have lived to see better days." Through the exertions of Samuel, a Methodist chapel was erected at Aberford, his native place, towards winch he gave £20. Mr. Dawson says: "Samuel Hick laid the first stone; and, as he offered the first prayer upon the first stone that was laid, so in the pulpit of the same chapel he preached his last sermon, and ] loured forth his last public prayer for the prosperity of Zion." His charity was unbounded — indeed his wife had now and then to stop the supplies, or he would have been a poor man all his life. " His heart always melted at the sight, or on hearing the tale of woe. He could not hear of persons in distress but he wept over them; and if they were within his reach, he relieved them according to his ability." One day, as he was returning from the pit with a load of coals, a little girl seeing him pass, asked him for a piece of coal, stating that her mother was con- fined, and the family without fire. He went with the girl home, found the story correct, brought the cart to the door, and poured down the load free of cost. Another time, some soldiers on a forced mai-ch halted at Micklefield early in the morning. A thrill of loyalty and sympathy filled Samuel's bosom. He soon placed before the men the whole contents of the butteiy, pantry, and cellar — bread, cheese, milk, butter, meat, and beer, speedily went. When his wife came down stairs, she proceeded to the buttery to skim the milk for breakfast. To her astonishment all had disappeared. Inquiry was made, and when she found * " I remember Lord Mexborough calling at my shop, one day," says he, "to get his horse shod. The horse was a fine animal. I had to back him int.) the smithy. I told his lordship that he was more highly favoured than our Saviour, for He had only an ass to ride on, when He was upon earth." The earl, suspecting that Samuel was not very well instructed in natural his- tory, replied, " In the country where our Saviour was born the people had l-arely anything but asses to ride upon ; and many of them were among the finest animals under heaven, standing from sixteen to seventeen hands high." This information was new; and as grateful, apparently, for the improved con- dition r,f his divine Master, as for an increase of knowledge, Samuel ex- claimed, "Bless the Lord ! I am glad to hear that. I thought they were bike isses in our own country," &c— See The Village Blacksmith; or, Piety n„'l Usefulness Exemplified, in a Memoir of the Life of Samuel Hick, of Micklefield, by James Everett, 1863, p. 99, &c. MR. SA3IUEL HICK. 317 Low the things had been disposed of, she chided him, saying, " You might have taken the cream off before you gave it them." Samuel replied, " Bless thee, barn, it would do them more good with the cream on it." He once visited a poor aged widow, and gave her sixpence, all the money he had with him. The widow- was overpowered with gratitude, and Samuel was greatly affected by it, saying to himself, " Bless me ! can sixpence make a poor creature happy? How many sixpences have I spent on this mouth of mine, in feeding it with tobacco ! I will never take another pipe whilst I live; I will give to the poor whatever I save from it." Soon after this Samuel was ill, and his medical attendant said it was in some measure caused by his suddenly breaking off the use of the pipe. The following dialogue occurred: — Physician: "You must resume the use of the pipe, Mr. Hick." Samuel: "Never more, sir, while I live." Physician: " It is essential to your restoration to health, and I cannot be answerable for consequences should you reject the advice given." Samuel: "Let come what will, I'll never take another pipe ; I've told my Lord so, and I'll abide by it." Physician: " You will in all probability die, then." Samuel: " Glory be to God for that! I shall go to heaven. I have made a vow, and I'll keep it." To illustrate Samuel's faith in the efficacy of prayer, we will give the following anecdotes: — In the course of a summer of excessive drought, some years back, when the grain suffered greatly, and many of the cattle, especially in Lincolnshire, died, Samuel was much affected. He visited Knaresbro', at which place he preached on the Lord's day. Remaining in the town and neighbourhood over the Sab- bath, he appeared extremely restless in the house in which he resided during the whole of Monday. His restlessness and singularity of manners attracted the attention of the famdy so much, that they asked if anything was the matter with him. " Bless you, barns" was his reply, " do you not recollect that I was praying for rain last night in the pulpit ? and what will the infidels at Knaresbro' think if it do not come — if my Lord should fail me, and not stand by me? But it must have time; it cannot be here yet. It has to come from the sea. Neither can it be seen at first : the prophet only saw a bit of cloud like a man's hand; by-and-by it spread along the sky. I am looking for an answer to my prayer; but it must have time." " Towards evening the sky became overcast, and the clouds dropped the fatness of a shower upon the earth." In 1817 Samuel was about to hold a lovefeast at Micklefield, and had invited persons from Knottingley and other places. He had promised that two 318 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. loads of corn should be ground for the occasion. The day fixed for the lovefeast drew near; there was no flour in the house, and the windmills, in consequence of a long calm, stretched out their arms in vain to catch the rising breeze. In the midst of this death-like quiet, Samuel carried his corn to the mill nearest his own residence, and requested the miller to unfurl his sails. The miller objected, stating that there was " no wind." Samuel, on the other hand, contimied to urge his request, saving, " I will go and pray while you spread the cloth." The miller stretched his canvas, and, to his utter astonishment, a fine breeze sprung up — the fans whirled round — the corn was con- verted into meal — and Samuel returned with his burthen, rejoicing, and had every thing in readiness for the festival. A neighbour who had seen the fans in vigorous motion, took also some corn to be ground; but the wind had dropped, and the miller remarked to him, "You must send for Samuel Hick to pray for the wind to blow again." At the beginning of 1826, he had made sufficient money to enable him to retire from busi- ness. He then entered upon a wider sphere of usefulness, preaching in several circuits in Yorkshire and Lancashire, and travelling entirely at his own expense. His addresses in the pulpit rarely exceeded half an hour. He continued until the very year of his death, preaching, travelling, and visiting the sick. In September of 1829, hearing that a niece of his, who resided at Grassington, was very ill, he took the coach for Skipton. The day was exceedingly wet, and being on the out- side, his clothes were drenched with rain. He arrived a few days before his niece died, but received his own death-stroke from the journey; for he caught a severe cold, which settled upon his lungs, and from which he never fully recovered. On his return home he was only able to preach a few times, and attend two missionary meetings. He now began to sink fast, though not confined to bed till a short time before he died. He died on Monday, November 9th, 1829, in the seventy -first year of his age. Such was the esteem in which he was held, that his remains were followed to Aberford by about a thousand people. In Samuel Hick was an amazing amount of simple, pure, unsophisticated nature, combined with the strictest moral con- duct and the most fervid zeal. He was remarkable for great openness of disposition and unbounded generosity, as well as faith and prayer; and by his one talent yielded a greater har- vest of good to the Christian church than many with their ten. — For a likeness of him, and other particulars, see his Memoirs, by Everett (to which the compiler is chiefly indebted for this SECOND EARL OF MEXBOROUGH. 319 Sketch), which passed through twelve editions in about as many vears, embracing between twenty and thirty thousand copies. — See also Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c. 1761-1830. SECOND EARL OF MEXBOROUGH, Died, deeply lamented, February 3rd, 1830, at Methley Park, near Leeds. The following particulars relative to his lordship's family may not be unacceptable to some of our readers : — John Savile, second Earl of Mexborough, Viscount Pollington, and Baron Pollington, of Longford, was born the 8th of April, 1761 ; succeeded his father, John, the first earl, on the 27th of February, 1778; married, 25th September, 1782, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of John Stephenson, Esq., of East Burnham, Bucks, and had issue — 1, John, Viscount Pollington (third Earl of Mexborough), born 3rd of July, 1783, who married, 29th August, 1807, Lady Anne Yorke, eldest daughter of Philip, third Earl of Hardwicke, and had issue six sons and one daughter; 2, Lady Sarah Elizabeth, born 4th February, 1786, who was married, 30th October, 1807, to John George, fourth Lord Monson, and by him had an only child, afterwards Lord Monson, and was, secondly, married, 21st October, 1816, to Henry Richard, afterwards third Earl of Warwick, and had issue one child, Viscount Brooke ; 3, Lady Elizabeth, who died at the age of five, in 1794. The late earl had two brothers, who died, Charles in 1807, and Henry in 1828. The title and estates have devolved on John, Viscount Pollington, now third Earl of Mexborough, his lordship's only son. We may safely say, that few men in any rank of society have passed a life more distinguished for amiability in the exalted circle in which he was accustomed to move, for generosity and kindness to his tenantry and dependents, or for sincere charity to the poor and necessitous. The family of Savile appears to have been seated in Yorkshire as early as the 12th century; and two branches of it were, at different periods, elevated to the peerage of England, by the titles of Earl of Sussex and Marquis of Halifax, of which the former became extinct on the death of John, second earl, in 1672, and the latter on the death of George, second marquis, in 1700; a third branch of the family was seated at Methley, near Leeds, of which was Sir John Savile, one of the barons of the Exchequer in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. His eldest son, Sir Henry, was created a baronet in 1611, but dying, without surviving issue, the title became extinct, but the estates devolved to his 320 BIOGRArHIA LEODIENSIS. brother, John Savile, whose grandson, Charles Savile, Esq., of Methley, born 167G, married Aletheia, co-heiress of Gilbert Millington, Esq., of Felley Abbey, Nottinghamshire, and died 5th June, 1741, leaving issue by her (who died 24th June, 1759), an only son, John, installed K.B. 23rd June, 1749, created Baron Pollington, of Longford, 8th November, 1753, ami advanced to the dignities of Viscount Pollington and Earl of Mexborongh 11th February, 17G6. His lordship married, 30th January, 1760, Sarah, sister of John, Lord Delaval. The remains of the earl were interred in the family vault of the Saviles at Methley, near Leeds. His lordship, by will executed some years ago, bequeathed the whole of his real and personal property, with some slight exceptions, to his only son and suc- cessor, the third Earl Mexborough, who died in 1860. — See the Leeds Papers; the Gentleman's Magazine for April, 1830. For pedigree, &c, see Whitaker's Loidis and fflmete, p. 272; Hunter's South Yorkshire, &c. ; and also the Peerages of Burke, Collins, Debrett, Lodge, &c. See also the first Earl of Mex- borough, in this volume, with Note, p. 177, &c. 1801—1830. EDWARD S. GEORGE, ESQ., F.L.S., Honorary curator of the Leeds Philosophical Hall, &c, died, February 9th, 1830, at his house in Park Square, Leeds, aged twenty-nine. The decease of this gentleman must not be per- mitted to pass without notice, because of the general feeling that the town of Leeds has lost one of the most valuable friends of science. At a very early period of life, the late Mr. Edward Sanderson George exhibited an ardent thirst after scientific knowledge, which he pursued with steady and unwearied perse- verance. His attainments in chemistry contributed in a high degree to the prosperity of the respectable firm of Messrs. Thomas George and Sons, of which he was an active and enlight- ened partner". The Philosophical Hall, in Leeds, exhibits many memorials of his knowledge in geology, ornithology, and various other departments of science. Mr. E. S. George, as honorary curator of that institution, followed out and extended the plans of his friend and predecessor, the lamented Mr. John Atkinson ; and the museum, particularly in its scientific arrangement, bears decisive evidence of the judgment and diligence of these two companions in science. The peculiar characteristic of Mr. George's mind was that of rapidly discovering the most simple mode of producing effect, so that in science and in his general operations he had frequently, without apparent effort or display, THE REV. GEORGE WALKER, M.A. 321 produced the desired result whilst others were meditating on the plan of procedure. He wag also honorary secretary to the Leeds and Yorkshire Horticultural Society, and laboured dili- gently to advance its interests. Our duty is particularly to point to the late Mr. George as an example to the young. He had no scientific tutor at any period of life, and owed the high station he occupied solely to his diligent pursuit of knowledge, and the beneficial habit of examining everything around him as an object of inquiry. It is a common error with scientific minds to neglect everything as trivial but their favourite pur- suits. Not so with Mr. George. He felt that science was secondary to religion ; and accordingly was found exhibiting the Christian character, and pre-eminently amiable in all the rela- tions of private life. He left a widow, to whom he was devoutly attached, an infant daughter, and a large circle of relatives and friends to deplore their own and the public loss. — Chiefly from the Leeds Intelligencer for February, 1830. See also the account in the Leeds Mercury, which, though differently expressed, is equally as full and eulogistic; and also the Reports of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. The above Sketch has been kindly revised by his brother, Alderman T. W. George, of Leeds. 1793—1830. THE EEV. GEOEGE WALKEE, M.A., Head-master of the Leeds Free Grammar School, and officiating minister of Trinity church, in this town; late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and rector of Papworth-Everard, in the same county, died at his residence in Leeds, May 15th, 1830, in the thirty-seventh year of his age.""' The death of this excel- lent and highly gifted man was a severe loss to the town of Leeds, and to society at large. Mr. Walker, though not pos- MONODT ON THE LAMENTED DEATH OF THE REV. G. WALKER, M.A. " Fuit in illo ingenium, ratio, memoria, liters, cura, cogitatio, diligentia."— Cicero. " Weep, genius, weep ! Gush, every fount of woe ! From every source, ye streams of sorrow, flow ; "Weep, virtue, weep ! and let a cloud appear To dim the brightness of thine hemisphere ; Let every balm of life — the parent, friend — Unite in grief, in lamentation blend : Each pay the tribute of affliction's tear; Each wave the yew o'er Walker's honoured bier ! " Walker I oh, say what minstrels' soothest strings Excite the music that thy memory brings? Hail, honoured shade ! where every power combin'd To grace the bosom, and adorn the mind; "Where wisdom, virtue, piety, and grace, X 322 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEJTSIS. sessed of shining talents, was possessed of qualities far more valuable to society in a solid and perspicacious judgment, sound and extensive learning, and the power of communicating the knowledge he possessed; and to these intellectual attainments he added moral qualities even more distinguished — an ardent love of truth, with energy and directness in pursuing it — high and unbending principles of rectitude — a strong, lively, and experimental sense of religion, and a diffusive and active bene- volence. As a teacher of youth, Mr. Walker was eminently successful; he was appointed to the situation of head-master of the Leeds Free Grammar School, on the resignation of the Rev. G. P. Richards, M.A., in the year 1818; and, during the twelve years of his superintendence, the Leeds School obtained Had each supreme, but modestly a place ; Meek and retiring, as the blushing rose That droops unconscious what its leaves disclose : Name most revered ! whose fate shall prompt the sigh, And call the tear to many a tearless eye. " No more ! no more wilt thou the page unfold, Where faith and peace their sweet communion hold ; No more, in sacerdotal garb, thine hand "Will point to heaven's divine, eternal land. Oh ! say how oft the sinner's heart has joy'd, "When thou thy pious eloquence employ'd? And while conviction from thine accents fell, Saw every joy of heaven — each woe of hell. Kindly severe and sternly meek thy tongue, Upon whose words persuasion's empire hung, Gently reprov'd and 'chid each dull delay,' ■Whilst thou to heaven 'allur'd and led the way.' " No longei-, now, shall lowly faith sincere Mingle with thine her last, her dying tear ; No more shall ' parting lif e ' confess thy power To cheer her spirit in that drooping hour "When earth recedes, and forth the spirit soars To ever calm, or — ever boisterous shores. "No more ! no more shall learning's classic page Thy modest doubt, or kind esteem engage ; No longer youth shall glow with virtuous aim, As when thy smile its ardour did inflame ; When thou did'st prune each weed that check'd the growth Of wisdom's excellence, or sacred truth ; As when thy praise in cheering radiance shoDe, And rais'd luxuriant what it beam'd upon. " Oh, weep not ye ! But say, who fails to weep When in the sepulchre belov'd ones sleep? When lips that once imparted joy and peace — Such fond endearments — now must ever cease ! When hearts, that once responded sighs to ours, Are chill and motionless by death's stern powers ; When each bland sympathy leaves its sad token In hopes destroy'd, in hearts— for ever broken ! THE REV. GEORGE WALKER, M.A. 323 a very high character among the public schools of the king- dom — its numbers greatly increased, and many of the pupils sained distinguished honours in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. As a minister of religion, Mr. Walker was con- scientious, zealous, and laborious ; his views were decidedly evangelical, and he preached the Gospel with boldness and fidelity. He was an active and powerful supporter of most of the religious and charitable associations in the town. As a speaker he was clear, convincing, and impressive, without pos- sessing the charms of a brilliant imagination or an oratorical manner; his candour and remarkable seriousness always pro- duced a favourable effect on his audience. He was a decided friend to the diffusion of knowledge in every department; he not only took an active interest in the affairs of the Leeds Library, but was also the prudent and persevering supporter of the Mechanics' Institution. In private life he was greatly esteemed and beloved. A survey of his whole character, and of the varied and important functions he so ably performed, justifies us in saying that in the death of Mr. Walker the town " Wherefore to weep? Each tear and sigh, away ! Let joy her fairest countenance display. Wherefore to weep? say, shall the servile earth Enchain the spirit of celestial worth ? Arise, each note of joy ! Hark ! how the string Of cherubs' harp resounds its murmuring ; Behold yon orb that gilds the joyous sky, Proclaiming heaven's angelic jubilee ! Oh, mercy infinite ! to feel that death Can but congeal life's weary, fleeting breath ; That soon, in odorous incense, it shall rise To swell the raptures of the exulting skies. " Adieu ! endear* d and ever honour'd name, Thou need'st not me to sound thy heavenly fame ; Ear nobler lyres their loudest notes shall raise To sound thy worth — perpetuate thy praise. Weak is my lyre, but thou hast strung each chord ; Its classic theme, ere this, thou did'st afford : Weak is my lyre — yet, oh ! its strains sincere ; No sadder heart than mine shall mourn thy bier." — TRISTIS. From the Leeds Intelligencer of May 22nd, 1830; and for nine Verses, written on occasion of the funeral of the Rev. George "Walker, A.M. (of which the following is a specimen), see the Leeds Intelligencer for May 29th, 1830 :— " And if his honours were not of the sword, His triumphs won not in the tented field, Not less with us shall Walla r be deploy d, Not less instruction his example vield. His name shall be upon our trembling lips Whene'er we speak of piety and worth, As one of those bright stars in whose eclipse We feel, indeed, the darkness of our earth:" &c. 324 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of Leeds lost one of its best public characters, and one of its truest ornaments. Possessed of abilities of no ordinary cast, his character combined with them a rare degree of simplicity of mind. The respect which he commanded was not homage exacted by an ostentatious display of superiority, but the willing tribute of those with whom he associated, to his com- prehensive and highly-cultivated mind. He published Select Specimens of English Poetry, and Select Specimens of English Prose, from the Reign of Elizabeth to the Present Time, with Introductions, 1827; and a work on Elements of Arithmetic, third edition, 1827, for the special use of the Grammar School, Leeds, &c. ; also A Copious Latin Grammar, translated from the German, 2 vols., 30s., &c. The remains of this much respected and venerated gentleman were entombed in one of the vaults of St. Paul's church, by the side of those of his first wife and child. His funeral took place on Friday, May 21st, and was attended by nearly the whole of the cor- poration, and a great number of the clergy and the most respect- able inhabitants. Funeral sermons were preached at St. Paul's and Holy Trinity churches, by the Pev. Miles Jackson, and the Pev. Charles Musgrave, vicar of Halifax and Whitkirk, &c. He was succeeded, on the 28th of July following, by the Rev. Joseph Holmes, M.A., late Fellow and tutor of Queen's College, Cambridge. — Chiefly from the Leeds Mercury of May 22nd, 1830. See also the account in the Leeds Intelligencer, which, though not quite so full, is even still more laudatory. The above Sketch has been kindly revised and approved of by the Ven. Archdeacon Musgrave, D.D., who was also elected a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in the same year, with the deceased. 1755—1830. THE EEV. SAMUEL CLAPHAM, M.A., Vicar of Christchurch, Hampshire; of Great Ouseburn, York- shire ; and rector of Gussage St. Michael, Dorsetshire, was born at Leeds in 1755, and died at Sidmouth, June 1st, 1830, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He was educated by his father in his native town (Leeds), and at Clare Hall, Cambridge, where he took his B.A. in 1778, and proceeded M.A. in 1784. In the year 1790 he undertook the curacy of Yarm, in Yorkshire; he was presented to Ouseburn, in 1797, by Lord Chancellor Loughborough; to Christchurch, in 1802, by the dean and chapter of Winchester (through the influence of Bishop Prety- man); and to Gussage, in 1806, by W. Long, Esq. For the THE REV. SAMUEL CLAPHAM, M.A. 325 greatest part of twenty-five years, and whilst his health per- mitted, he was an able, active, and upright magistrate for the county of Hants. For fifty-two years, as a Christian minister, he was a faithful and diligent labourer in his Master's vineyard. During this period he published many works bearing his own name ; three large volumes of Selected Family Sermons; Prety- man's Elements of Theology, abridged ; Massillou's Charges, translated ; Jeremy Taylor's Prayers; with several occasional Discourses, &c. ; but he was also the author of three volumes of useful and popular Sermons, which have been held in great repute, under the title of " Theophilus St. John, LL.B." Some of these were composed before he was twenty-four years old; and it was from self-diffidence alone that he ushered them into the world under a fictitious name. It is believed that he was an incidental contributor to the pages of the Gentleman 's Magazine — at least it is known that he was an admirer and lover of it, on account of the religious and political piinciples which it has always espoused, especially at that memorable era, or perilous crisis, when there were so many machinations with which our unrivalled Establishment in Chui-ch and State had to contend. For these principles and their advocates he was a most strenuous champion — indeed the sternness of his orthodoxy was a pro- minent feature in his character ; and as all mortals have their failings, one of his perhaps was the vehemence with which he was accustomed to defend his favourite loyal and clerical tenets. If to hate a Whig was, in the opinion of Dr. Johnson, to be a good hater, Mr. Clapham might well aspire to that honourable appellation, by his antipathy to all the enemies of our excellent Church, whether within or without its pale. In one of St. John's (Mr. Clapham's) sermons on our Saviour's answer to Nicodemus, he triumphantly exposes and refutes the erroneous Calvinistic doctrine of regeneration, which was lately so much inculcated by a certain class of teachers among ourselves. Mr. Clapham's social qualities, his inflexible integrity and good nature, endeared him to a numerous and respectable acquaintance. He kept up a constant intercourse with many eminent preachers and literary men of talent, such as the late Bishop of Win- chester, Mr. Rose, M.P., &c. He was especially in habits of strict intimacy with the aged and venerable Dr. Scott, so many years rector of a valuable living in the north, since divided into six — one who will be known to posterity by his Sermons, as well as by his letters signed "Anti-Sej antes." What he did not publish of the former, he bequeathed to the subject of this memoir. Mr. Clapham was not less cautious in forming his pri- 326 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. vatc attachments, than he was fervent and steady in adhering to thern when formed. With a slight publication which met his eye in 1795, he was so much pleased that he commenced and carried on a familiar and friendly correspondence with its author for more than ten years before they ever saw each other; after- wards, by a congeniality of sentiment on passing events and professional exertions, for the remaining twenty-five years it was never interrupted. Having taken this concise view of Mr. Clapham's principles and conduct, supported consistently through life, it must now be added that towards the dose of his career his constitution began to be much impaired. He was unable to share any more with an assistant in the parochial functions of his ministry, and in quitting his vicarage of Christchurch, where he had so long resided, he was advised by the faculty to repair to Sidmouth for the benefit of its salubrious air; but here, although incompetent to any service either in the desk or pulpit, his attention was ever on the alert, and his pen was not idle in his beloved Master's cause. He dedicated his time and talents to a revisal and improvement, by more French trans- lations, of a new edition, which was called for, of his Family Sermons. He happily lived long enough to complete this work, and see it make its appearance. After this he wholly resigned himself to pious meditations and devotional exercises. He had been long " setting his house in order," so as to be ready to quit it on a summons for that awful journey which we must all take that we may enter into our rest; and a few weeks previous to his dissolution, after humorously describing his feeble and help- less state before he was confined to his bed, he wrote as follows to the author of this scanty and imperfect tribute to his memory: — "I am living with eternity ever in my view — not without that dread which every thinking man as a fallen crea- ture must feel at so awful a contemplation ; but soothed by hope and comfort, which I am willing to believe is directed from above." Under the impression of these sentiments it is natural to expect that his last end must be like that of the righteous; and, in fact, so easy and gentle was his exit from this world, that he may be said almost literally to have slept himself into another; there to receive, through a Redeemer's merits (for in these alone he placed his trust), the rewards of an industrious, well-spent, Christian life. Mr. Clapham had only one son, James Murray, who died on board his Majesty's ship Pandora, April 28th, 1809, in his eighteenth year, and has a monumental tablet in the church of Upper Deal. He left three amiable unmar- ried daughters, who were truly exemplary and unremitting in MR. JOHN BLENKINSOP. 327 filial attentions to their revered parent. — See the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. a, part 1, p. 646, &c. ; Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographia ; Lowndes's Bibliographer 's Manual, &c. 1783—1831. MR. JOHN BLENKINSOP, Manager of the Middleton Collieries, near Leeds, in 1811 took out a patent for a locomotive steam-engine, and placed his designs for execution in the hands of Messrs. Fenton, Murray, and Wood, at that time an eminent firm of mechanical engineers in Leeds. This was the first locomotive engine in which two cylinders were employed, and in that respect was a great improvement upon the earlier attempts of Trevithick and others ; the cylinders were placed vertically, and were immersed for more than half their length in the steam space of the boiler. The boiler was of cast-iron of the plain cylin- drical kind with one flue — the fire being at one end, and the chimney at the other. It was supported upon a carriage, resting, without springs, directly upon two pairs of wheels and axles which were unconnected with the working parts, and served merely to carry the engine upon the rails — the progress being effected by a cog-wheel working into a toothed-rack cast upon the side of one of the rails. Mr. Blenkinsop's engine began run- ning on the railway extending from the Middleton Collieries to the town of Leeds, a distance of about three miles and a half, on the 12th of August, 1812. This engine was set to work two years before George Stephenson started his earliest locomotive, and was undoubtedly "the first commercially successful engine employed upon any railway!'* In the year 1816 the Grand Duke Nicholas (afterwards Emperor) of Russia, observed the working of Blenkinsop's locomotive with curious interest, and expressions of no slight admiration. An engine dragged behind it as many as thirty coal waggons, at a speed of about three miles and a cpiarter per horn*. Mr. Blenkinsop was for many years principal agent to the Brandling family at Middleton, near * At a conversazione of the Leeds Philosophical Society, held in December, 1863, a model of Blenkinsop's engine, as made by the late Matthew Murray, was exhibited and explained by Mr. Manning. In order to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary (September 2nd, 1863) of Stephenson's visit to Leeds to see the engine (rork,M< rs. Manning, Wardle, and Co., engineers, had the model photographed and mounted, with explanatory notes; and as a suitable memorial of the event, .Air. Manning (who baa been kind enough tore-write the first part of the above Sketch), presented a copy to be hung in the Leeds Philosophical Hall.— For a longer description of the above engine, with an illustration, see the Leeds Mercury for July 18th, 1812, &c. 328 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Leeds.* As a man of science and benefactor to his country, his name will be handed down to future generations among the foremost in this enlightened age, by his invention of the steam- engine for conveying coals from the Middleton pits to Leeds, which at once gave the general idea of the superior utility of the locomotive steam-engine. He died on Saturday, January 22nd, 1831, after a tedious illness, aged forty-eight years. As a generous and disinterested friend, his memory was long cherished by a numerous circle of acquaintance; in his station as agent he commanded the entire confidence and esteem of his employers, and also lived highly respected among the working classes, and died sincerely lamented by all who in any way were connected with him. — See the Leeds Papers for 1831, &c 1752-1831. THE EEV. JAMES FAWCETT, B.D. The following memoir must necessarily be a brief one ; since it is not here intended to compose the abstract history of a Christian philosopher ; and the quiet disposition, the unassuming habits, the unambitious views, and bodily infirmities of the individual under consideration, all conspired to withdraw him from an extensive intercourse with the world, and from any emulous competition with the candidates for its favours; his virtues, talents, and acquirements, however, were duly appre- ciated by a more confined circle of friends and acquaintance, to whom he was an object of love and respect in no ordinary degree. James Fawcett was born at Leeds in the year 1752, and received his education at the Free Grammar School of that town. He was brother to the Rev. Richard Fawcett, M.A., vicar of Leeds. On his mother's side he was descended from a very respectable family, of the name of Allen ; and his father was minister of one of those chapels which were attached to the vicarage, and at the disposal of the vicar. At his very entrance into this checkered scene of existence, it appeared that bodily infirmities were to be contrasted in him with mental endow- ments ; as if to exhibit the edifying example of a patient, philosophic, and Christian spirit, triumphing over the accidental evils of our mortal state. He was born with a weakly consti- tution ; and owing to that disease, so formidable to the infantile frame, which is called the rickets, he became dreadfully deformed in both his legs ; he had also the additional misfortune to break •Robert William Brandling, Esq., took out a patent in April, 1825, for improvements in railroads and carriages. — For a description of which, see Newton's London Journal of Arts, &c, for 1826. THE REV. JAMES FAWCETT, B.D. 329 a thigh in early youth ; so that his personal appearance "was calculated to excite commiseration, until it was known that no afflictions of this kind were able to disturb the serenity of his temper and the benevolence of his mind, or to withdraw him from those intellectual studies which are peculiarly adapted to alleviate the calamities of human life. Such a disposition did this amiable man bring to the place of his academical education ; having been entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, March 26th, 1770, under Mr. Chevallier, who was then tutor, and afterwards head of that house. He came to reside in the month of October following, and very soon distinguished himself in the race of emulation with his contemporaries. The public examinations at this college, lately set on foot by its zealous and accomplished master, were then completely organized ; and when young Fawcett underwent the ordeal, at the end of his first term of residence, a veiy high encomium was passed on his performance by Dr. Powell, who, though a severe censor of academical delinquencies, was a great encourager of youthful merit. At his second trial in June, when prizes of books were adjudged to such as had twice obtained places in the first class, his name was mentioned with distinction among the foremost of those that were so rewarded : nor does he appear at any subse- quent examination to have lost ground, though he had to contest it with a set of competitors who entitled themselves to particular commendation from the master. His success on this arena may probably be attributed more to a proficiency in classical litera- ture than to skill in the mathematics ; for when he came to take his first degree of A.B. in January, 1774, his name did not appear higher than fifth among the senior optimes; a respect- able place indeed, but one which denotes no great eminence in scientific attainments. He cultivated Latin prose composition with distinguished success. The letter which he wrote to the electors, when he was candidate for a scholarship in college, is said to have strongly recommended him to the notice and favour of Dr. Powell ; but his pnfficiency in this accomplishment appeared to much greater advantage in 1776, when he gained the first of those annual prizes which are given by the repre- sentatives of the university for the two best Latin essays. In 1777 Mr. Fawcett took his degree of A.M., and in the same year was elected Fellow of his college, on the foundation of Sir Marmaduke Constable. In 1782 he was also elected into the office of Lady Margaret's preacher, which, though a sinecure, probably directed his attention to the university pulpit, and induced him to compose the admirable discourses which are 330 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. now re-published for the benefit of this and future generations. They were all delivered in St. Mary's church, and appear worked up with a minute attention both to style and argument, worthy of the audience to which they were addressed. It cannot be said that these compositions are adapted to a parochial congre- gation, in which the middle and lower classes of society pre- dominate, though in peculiar times and seasons they might be turned generally to good account ; they contain no flights of imagination, no display of pathetic sentiment, no vehement declamation to excite the passions : nor do the subjects treated of require such aid. The greater number of them are employed in establishing the truth of revelation on a sure and solid basis ; whilst the rest are directed to the sifting of some doctrinal point in religion, or some case in moral casuistry. Their great aim being to convince men's understanding, and to secure the assent of their reason, nothing is omitted which is necessary for the argument, nothing introduced by which it might be encum- bered or weakened ; but the whole is conducted on the princi- ples of sound logic ; the most lucid order being preserved, and the most apposite illustrations collected from Holy Writ; more- over, scriptural texts are clearly explained when obscured by difficulties, or perplexed by seeming contradictions ; and the strongest objections of the infidel, or sceptic, are boldly met, and unanswerably refuted. With regard to the style, it may be pronounced easy though terse, full though sententious ; its periods are very harmoniously constructed, every word appear- ing to fall into its right place, to be used in its right sense, and to be used so, that a better could rarely be substituted in its stead. Meanwhile, it must not be supposed that more awaken- ing topics are never introduced ; or that occasions are never taken to search into the secret state of the soul, to rouse the sinner's conscience, and second the efforts of returning peni- tence ; to display those awful truths which are connected with eternity, and point out to man the true means whereby he may secure the blessings of redemption : but, in fact, such topics were, at that peculiar time, of minor consideration. The very proofs of Christianity had been long and vehemently attacked by the disciples of French infidelity; and scepticism was gradually insinuating itself into our own more happy country : these proofs, therefore, were to be corroborated, and placed in a proper light, before a large assembly of academic youth, of which the appointed ministers and defenders of the faith itself would be selected. A more important task could scarcely be committed to a man; and it is not too much to say that it THE EEV. JAMES FAWCETT, B.D. 331 ■was executed with vigour and effect. On these admirable compositions, few as they are, Professor Fawcett's fame, in all probability, must ultimately rest : but nothing can be more unjust than to estimate the excellence of an author by the number and dimensions of his works ; for if quality be taken into account, how many bulky volumes must yield the palm to his small but condensed one ! " Had his own modesty, or the respect which was thought due to his memory by surviving friends, not stood in the way, few authors of the present age could have furnished larger stores for the press ; since he was in the habit of composing his own discourses for the pulpit, and had, by constant reading, deep reflection, and unremitted dili- gence in writing, acquired such a facility of composition, that he could, without premeditation, cast off a sermon, or an essay, which needed no revision or correction : this, as I am assured by several of his friends, he was in the habit of doing ; and I have the best authority for asserting, that the excellent lectures which he delivered as Norrisian professor were so composed, and never afterwards materially altered. Let not, however, the young student deceive himself by viewing this practice in a fallacious light : he did not follow it, until he had acquired the right of so doing by intense study and laborious exercise. No style is generally less pleasing than the unstudied effusions even of a talented author ; whilst that which is in the highest degree artificial, provided care be taken to conceal the art, is most delightful to the common reader, as well as to the severe critic : this is in fact the style which both excites and eludes the hope of successful imitation in the unpractised and inexpert." In 1785 Mi-. Fawcett proceeded to the degree of B.D., and in 1795 he was elected Norrisian professor of divinity (succeeding the Eev. Dr. John Hey, also a Leeds man), one year after the publication of his Sermons, which no doubt paved the way to that appointment, by satisfying the electors of his high qualifi- cation for it. Truth, however, requires us to confess that this qualification did not extend far beyond his intellectual endow- ments and his literary attainments : for a certain thickness in his speech, an awkwardness of manner in a crowd, a want of energy, and an easiness of temper, little calculated to curb the sallies of a large assembly of young men constrained to sit out a lecture of an hour in length, certainly found a contrast to the dignified manner, the ready delivery, and the adroit manage- ment, by which his learned successor secured the attention and respect, whilst he conciliated the good-will of his hearers. Some of the natural imperfections above mentioned contributed 332 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. also to render Professor Fawcett's preaching at the Round church in Cambridge (to the vicarage of which he was presented by the parishioners) less efficient than might have been expected from the soundness of his doctrine, the beautiful style of his discourses, and the exemplary tenour of his life. He failed in drawing together large congregations ; though many members of the univei'sity, both graduates and under-graduates, had the good taste, as well as good sense, to frequent his church, where they had opportunities of listening to what might be considered models of composition for a divine of the Church of EDgland. Occupied with his clerical duties and those of his professorship, Mr. Fawcett chiefly resided in college, until he was presented by the society, in 1801, to the united rectories of Thursford and Great Snoring, in Norfolk : he afterwards divided his time between his parsonage and the university, being permitted to retain rooms in college on account of his lectures. He was not fond of entering there into mixed company; though he greatly enjoyed that of his more intimate friends, and was very partial to a small, but social meeting, held by a few fellows of the college on Sunday evenings, at the rooms of each in rotation, where theological subjects were generally discussed, and where he was distinguished by the ready, clear, and satisfactory man- ner, in which he was accustomed to answer objections, and to solve difficulties. In 1815 Mr. Fawcett vacated the Norrisian professorship, which, by the terms of its foundation, cannot be held beyond a certain number of years ; in 1822 he also resigned his vicarage in Cambridge, and resided thenceforward solely on his rectory in Norfolk ; there he lived on terms of great amity with his parishioners and the neighbouring families, keeping up genuine hospitality among the latter, contributing liberally to the wants of his poorer brethren, and exercising the duties of his sacred profession with integrity and fidelity. At the festive season of Christmas, he generally made his appearance among his old friends and associates in college, where his presence was always hailed with joy and gladness. He died on Sunday, April 10th, 1831, in his eightieth year, at the rectory house, Great Snoring, Norfolk, of which parish he had been incumbent thirty years. His learning entitled him. to a high rank among scholars, while his unassuming manners, his sincere piety, his cheerful patience under severe and increasing infirmities, and the genuine kindness of his heart, secured Mm the love and esteem of his friends and relatives, and his benevolent attention to his parishioners merited their respectful attachment. " Since the great dearth of information respecting this excellent person ROGER HOLT LEIGH, ESQ. 333 prevents me from enlai'ging the imperfect Sketch of his life and character here given, I shall conclude with two observations, which are earnestly recommended to the consideration of any young person who may be subject to similar infirmities of body ; first, that an admirable counterpoise to such evils may be found in the cultivation of the mind ; secondly, that weakness of natural constitution may often be counteracted, to a surprising degree, by strict habits of temperance, by a cheerful disposition, and by a patient resignation to the will of Providence. James Fawcett, who was born with a constitution so frail that it seemed impossible for him to survive the years of childhood, not only attained to a high degree of literary excellence, but reached the extreme limit assigned by Holy "Writ to the strength of mortal man."' — Chiefly from Divines of the Church of England, by the Rev. T. S. Hughes, B.D., and the Leeds Intelligencer, &c. See also Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographia, &c. 1779-1831. ROGER HOLT LEIGH, ESQ., So well known to thousands for his public spirit, his benevo- lence, his unwearied attention to the welfare of our public institutions, his more than zeal in all cases wherein he could be of assistance, by purse or by personal exertion, to the cause of his country or of suffering humanity, left Leeds on the 3rd of May, 1831, to give his vote as a freeman of the borough of Wigan ; and in the exercise of that duty on the 4th, was so maltreated by the mob that he died on the 13th, in consequence of the injuries received, to the great affliction of his family and numerous friends in Lancashire. In Leeds the occurrence was the subject of general conversation, and of deep and unfeigned regret. "What a loss we have sustained!" was the universal remark. " How kind, how useful, how accessible he was to all ranks !" " The champion and unflinching defender of what he conscientiously held to be the first interest of his country — the integrity of the British constitution." Mr. Leigh's heart was not only warm, it was in the right place. He was at all times ready to obey the call of patriotism, principle, and consistency, and often laboured while others slept ; but his physical powers, though considerable, were unequal to the fearful odds of a fierce and misguided rabble, clamouring for the overthrow of those institutions which were in his estimation dearer than life itself. He was a senior common-councilman of this borough, having been elected to that office on the 1st of September, 1803. He was also one of the patrons of the vicarage of Leeds ; a governor 334 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of the Leeds Free Grammar School; a trustee of the Charity of Pious Uses ; and president of the committee of the Leeds Public Library. He likewise strenuously supported almost every charitable institution in the town; and to him is justly due the honour of the great success and advantage, which have attended the various schools established in this extensive town- ship in connection with the Established Church. In addition 11 this, he was a principal promoter of the building of the various new churches which were erected in this parish, during the ten years preceding his death. In short, his public devotion was unbounded, and his good qualities more than we have space to enumerate. Mr. Leigh was descended from the ancient and honourable family of the Leighs of Adlington, in the county of Cheshire, whence also descended the Barons Leigh. A subscrip- tion-monument, executed by Mr. Westmacott, jun., about a year and a half after his death, was put up in the choir of the Leeds parish church (in October, 1832). The design consists of a delicately-white marble five-feet statue of the deceased, in a sitting posture, in his civic robe, having an open volume in his hand, inscribed " 1688." The likeness, considering that the artist had to work from a miniature and a pencil-drawing, the former taken many years ago, is good ; but there is tqp much hair on the head, and the countenance is more juvenile than that of the departed. All that depended on Mr. Westmacott has been most ably performed. On the tablet, beneath the statue, is this inscription : — " Sacred to the Memory of Roger Holt Leigh, Esquire, twenty-seven years a member of the cor- poration, and a strenuous supporter of the institutions of the borough of Leeds. He was a warm advocate of the Established Church, an uncompromising defender of the glorious constitu- tion of 1688, a consistent patriot, and a faithful friend. During the general election in the year 1831, whilst engaged in the exercise of his franchise as a burgess of Wigan, his native place, he was so severely injured by an excited populace that he died at Hindley Hall, the seat of his eldest and only surviv- ing brother, Sir Robert Holt Leigh, Bart., May 13th, 1831, aged fifty -two years. As a memorial of their esteem and adini- on of his inflexible public integrity and private worth, his numerous friends have caused this monument to be erected. Mi-. Leigh's remains were interred in the family vault at Up- Holland Abbey church, near Wigan, in the county of Lancaster." — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for May, 1831; the Gentle- ni.ua 's Magazine; Burke's Extinct Baronetage, &c. LIEUTENAXT-GEXERAL COCKELL. 335 —1831. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL COCKELL, A native of Leeds, who distinguished himself in the army, and died June 6th, 1831, at Sandleford Lodge, near Newbury, Berks. An early predilection for the profession of arms induced him to leave school, and enter the army during the American war. His first commission was obtained for him by Sir George Saville, and he successively rose to the rank of lieutenant- general. Previous to obtaining his commission in the 31st Regiment, he quitted school unknown to bis friends, who opposed his entering the army, and accompanied the 33rd Regiment in 17 70 to America, where he served until sent home by Lord Cornwallis, at the request of Ins friends. He was present at the taking of Long Island, New York, and Phila- delphia ; the battles of Whiteplains, Germantown, and Mon- mouth ; besides various skirmishes in New Jersey. Upon his return to England, in 1780, he served eighteen months as ensign in the 1st West York Militia. William Cockell was appointed ensign in the 31st Regiment, July 12th, 1782, and the same year was removed to the 2nd Foot, with which regiment he served six years at Gibraltar ; he was appointed lieutenant April 25th, 1792*; captain, March 29th, 1793, in the 95th Regiment; major, April 18th, 1794, in the 105th Regiment, and lieutenant-colonel, September 16th, 1795. On the reduc- tion of his regiment he was placed on half-pay, and shortly afterwards appointed assistant-adjutant-general in Zealand ; he was appointed to the 46th Regiment on the 7th July, 1800; and on the 8th of October, 1802, was removed to the 5th Foot. In August, 1802, he was appointed inspector of an Irish recruiting district; brevet-colonel, September 25th, 1803; brigadier-general, August 24th, 1804, on the staff at Guernsey, where he served till the 24th of June, 1806. He was appointed brigadier-general at the Cape, October 26th, 1810, with a brigade under his orders, consisting of a detachment of the Royal Artillery, the 72nd and 87th Regiments, to co-ope- rate with a force sent from India, under the command of Lieutenant-General Abercrombie, for the reduction of the Mauritius. After the capture of the island he returned to the Cape, leaving the troops he had taken with him ; he was appointed major-general, July 25th, 1810; and lieutenant- general, June 4th, 1814. — For further information, see the United Service Journal for 1831 ; the Royal Military Calendar ; the old Army Lists, and Military Obituary, &c. 33G BI06RAPIIIA LEODIENSIS. 1754-1831.* THE EEV. JOSEPH SWAIN, B.D., Incumbent of Beeston, near Leeds, died November 18th, 1831, a^ed seventy-seven years. His clerical ministrations in this town, extending through the long period of fifty-four years, as curate of Holy Trinity and the parish churches, as incumbent of Farnley, and latterly of Beeston, were ever faithfully and punctually performed. As second-master of the Free Grammar School at Leeds, for a term of more than thirty years, he proved himself an able and successful instructor of youth. Of the public charities he was a steady and liberal supporter. As treasurer and secretary of the West-Riding Charity for the benefit of widows of the clergy, he laboured for its interests with an ardour and devotedness unsubdued by mental care or bodily fatigue. His exertions may truly be said to have caused many a widow's heart to sing for joy. — See the Leeds Papers, &c, for November, 1831. * — 1831. Benjamin Hiku, Esq., M.D., physician to the Leeds General Infirmary, died, greatly respected, March llth, 1831, at his house in Park Row, Leeds, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. Dr. Hird published a Tribute to the Memory of Dr. Fothergill, which may be found in the fifth volume of Miscellaneous Tracts, 4to. (Leeds Library). If e was for twenty years physician to the Leeds General Infirmary ; and though he had a short time before his death retired from public life, his professional eminence and kindness and benevolence to the poor, were long remembered. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. — 1831. Mr. C. F. Hasse, organist to the church of the United Brethren at Fulneck, near Leeds, died very suddenly on Sunday morning, May 1st, 1831. Christian Frederic Hasse was born March 3rd, 1771, at Sarepta, a settlement of the United Brethren in Russia. At an early age he was sent to the Moravian establishment at Niesky, in Prussia, and afterwards finished his education at Barby, near Magdeburg. He was originally intended for the church ; but his musical talents early developing themselves, he followed the bent of his genius. His earliest musical work was a sacred cantata, while he was a teacher in the college at Uhyst, the concluding chorus of which is published in his second volume of Selections. At the beginning of the present century he removed to Fulneck, as professor of music to the institution and organist of the church. Here he devoted himself to classic sacred music, and for many years laboured indefatigably for the advancement of this divine art. Through his instrumentality music received a decided impulse for good, and the musicians of Yorkshire were broiight into contact with many of the great ecclesiastical works of modern German composers, which undoubtedly assisted much to develop the musical taste of the West-Riding — for in every town the name of Hasse was revered and beloved by the musicians. His talents, particularly in that department to which he was more ex- pressly called to devote his attention, were of a very eminent order, and his knowledge both of musical authors, and of the theory of the art, such as is but rarely acquired. His personal qualities were such as to endear him to an extensive circle of warmly-attached friends, by whom his loss was severely felt, as it was also long and deservedly regretted by the society of which he was so consistent and so valuable a member. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. The greater part of the particulars in the above Sketch have been kindly supplied by my friend, Mr. Edward Sewell, master of Fulneck school, near Leeds. EDWARD MARKLAND, ESQ. 337 1749—1832. EDWARD MARKLAND, ESQ., Mayor of Leeds in 1790 and 1807, was born in 1749, and was the descendant of an ancient and respectable family in Lanca- shire. On his return from Spain, in 1775, where he had been for some years engaged in commerce, he settled in Leeds, and having been elected a member of its corporation, he served the office of mayor of that borough in 1790 and 1807. He was also a deputy-lieutenant of the West-Riding of Yorkshire. Having removed to London in 1810, Mr. Markland was in the following year appointed one of the police magistrates at Queen Square, Westminster — an office which advancing age and increasing infirmities induced him to resign in 1827, when he selected Bath as his residence. Well versed in the criminal law, and uniting great acuteness of observation with soundness of judgment, Mr. Markland proved himself an active and most useful magistrate; and both in the ordinary routine of duty, as well as in times of emergency, his conduct was uniformly zealous, firm, and judicious. In politics he was a consistent Tory. His religious creed was that of the Established Church of England, to the communion of which he steadily and piously adhered through life. His habitual cheerfulness and vivacity imparted a charm to his social qualities, and irresistibly attached to him a large body of friends, by whom his memory was cherished with feelings of affectionate regard ; but far higher praise is due to one who, tried — how hardly tried ! — in the school of adversity, maintained an unshaken spirit of fortitude and of patient endur- ance with the higher principles of moral rectitude. Founded as these virtues were on the basis of true religion, they evinced the sincerity of his faith, and proved him to be a conscientious and practical Christian. Mr. Markland married, in 1774, Elizabeth Sophia, daughter and co-heiress of Josiah Hardy, Esq., at that time the British consul at Cadiz — a family highly distinguished in the naval annals of this country, and by whom he left three sons and two daughters. He died March 17th, 1832, at his residence in St. James's Square, Bath, in his eighty-fourth year. — For further particulars, see the Gentleman; 's Magazine for April, 1832, p. 371, &c. ; the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1833, p. 437, &c. 1766—1832. DANIEL SYKES, ESQ., M.A., M.P., F.R.S., Barrister-at law, late recorder of Hull, representative of that town in parliament from 1820 to 1830, and in the next parlia- Y 338 BlOGRAPIlIA LEOBIENSIS. inent M.P. for Beverley, died, January 24th, 1832, at Raywell-, near Hull, after a painful and lingering illness, aged sixty-six. Mr. Sykes (born November 12th, 1766) was the youngest son of a merchant at Leeds,'"' and having received a liberal education, was elected a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1788, as fourteenth wrangler, and M.A. in 1791. He was shortly after called to the bar, but the state of his health compelled him to reside in the country, relinquishing all the hopes of his profession (which he principally continued for the benefit of his provincial neighbours), and joining in the commercial pursuits of his family, which, under the firm of Joseph Sykes, Sons, & Co., for more than thirty years were nearly * Thoresby, in his Ducatus Leodiensis, gives a long pedigree of the Sykeses,, many of whom rose to eminence. The following, perhaps, are some of the most worthy: — One William Sykes, a younger son of Richard Sykes, of Sykes Dyke, near Carlisle, came into these more popidous and trading parts, where he improved himself considerably by the clothing trade ; his grandson, Richard, was chief alderman of Leeds when first incorporated (1629 and 1036), one of the most eminent merchants in these parts, and lord of the manor (which manor of Leeds he purchased of the Crown in 1625) ; who married, in 1593, Elizabeth Mawson, and died in 1645, leaving issue four sons and four daughters. Of this gentleman, it is said by Thoresby, the antiquary and historian, that he left, " besides vast estates to his sons, £10,000 a-piece to his daughters, from whom four knights' and baronets' families are descended." 2, Henry, of Hunslet Hall, near Leeds, who married Mary, daughter of Sir John Wood, of Beeston, and died in 1656. 3, William, lord of tbe manor of Leeds; married Grace, daughter and co-heir of Josias; Jenkinson, Esq., of Leeds, and by her he left, at his decease, in 1652, besides daughters, five sons — Richard, of Ledsham Hall, near Leeds, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Scott, Esq., and left four daughters, his co-heirs, one of whom, Anna, married Ralph Thoresby, F.R.S., the historian of Leeds. 4, Daniel, born in 1632, was mayor of Hull, and a merchant of eminence there, where he died in 1693, leaving, by Deborah, his wife, daughter of William Oates, Esq., mayor of Pontefract, one surviving son, Richard Sykes, Esq., born in 1078; a merchaut of Hull, in the High church of which town there is a monument to his memory. He married, first, Mary, daughter and co-heir of Mark Kirkby, Esq., of Sledmere, and had by her, Richard, high-sheriff of York in 1752 ; and Mark, of whom presently. Mr. Sykes married, secondly, Martha, daughter of William Donkin, gent., by whom, at his death, in 1726, he left one surviving son, Joseph Sykes, Esq,, twice mayor of Hull, and a deputy-lieutenant for the East-Riding, born in 1723, and died in 1805; his fifth son, Daniel Sykes, Esq., F.R.S., represented Hull and Beverley in parliament. The present head of this branch is Richard Sykes, of West Ella, in this county. Mr. Sykes was succeeded by his eldest son by his first wife, the Rev. Sir Mark Sykes, D.D., rector of Roos, in this county, born in 1711; created a baronet in March, 1783, and died in Sep- tember of that year, leaving an only son, Sir Christopher Sykes, D.C.L., born in 1749; M.P. for Beverley. He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Tatton, of Withenshaw, in Cheshire, by whom he left, at his decease, in 1801 — I. Mark, third baronet, of whom presently; II. Tatton, who suc- ceeded his brother as fourth baronet; III. Christopher, in holy orders, rector of Roos; born in 1774; who married Lucy Dorothea, daughter and co-heir of Henry Langford, Esq., of Stockport, and had — 1, Lucy Elizabeth, married, first, in 1827, to the Hon. and Rev. Henry Duncombe; and, secondly, DANIEL SYKES, ESQ., M.A., M.P., F.K.S. 339 the sole importers, at Hull, of Swedish iron,* for the use of the cutlers at Sheffield. He was, however, in consequence of his legal acquirements, elected recorder of Hull, which office he retained until within six months of his decease. Mr. Sykes's father left him a large fortune and a share in the commerce, which also occupied some of his time ; and his leisure he employed in pro- moting the views of the Whig party, of w r hich his family had long been supporters. He was one of the first establishes of the Rockingham weekly paper, which, for many years, under the able editing of the Rev. George Lee, had great influence in that part of the kingdom. Thus he spent the earlier part of his life, until in 1820, as one of the representatives of the town of Hull — for which situation his extensive practical accpiaintance with trade, and with the principles which govern it, peculiarly fitted him; combining, as he did, the precise knowledge and habits of close investigation given by a legal education, with the expanded views of a legislator, and the business-like talent of a merchant. Mr. Sykes's speech in recommendation of Mr. Henry (afterwards Lord) Brougham, as the fittest person to be called on to represent the county, at a meeting of Whigs at York prior to the general election of 1830, had a powerful effect in deciding the meeting in his favour. At a subsequent period the freeholders of the West-Riding were desirous of raising Mr. Sykes himself to the seat vacated by the elevation of Mr. Brougham to the woolsack; and he would in all probability in 1837, to the Rev. Charles Hotham; 2, Penelope, married, in 1837, to Edward York, Esq., of Wighill Park, near Leeds, &e. The eldest son, Sir Mark Sykes, married, first, Henrietta, daughter and heir of Henry Master- man, Esq. , of Settrington Hall, near York, but she dying, without issue, in July, 1813, he married, secondly, in August, 1814, Mary Elizabeth, sister of Wilbraham Egerton, Esq., but died, without issue, in February, 1823. Sir Mark was M.P. for York from 1807 to 1820, and was succeeded by his brother, Sir Tatton Sykes, of Sledmere, born in 1772; married, in 1822, Mary Anne, daughter of the late Sir W. Fowlis, Bart., of Ingleby Manor, and had issue — 1, the present Sir Tatton Sykes, born in March, 1826; 2, Christopher, born in 1831, &c. Sir Francis "VVilliani Sykes, Bart., of Basildon, in Berkshire, is also descended from this family. — For a much longer and more particular account, see Whitaker's Thorcsbii ; Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, kc. * Some of the ancestors of Mr. Sykes had for many generations been settled at Hull, in the pursuit of extensive commercial engagements. Mr. Sykes's great-grandfather had such a connection with the Baltic trade that, on the occasion of a severe famine in Sweden, he freighted several vessels with provisions, and sent them thither for gratuitous distribution among the poor; for this act the Swedish government in gratitude gave him the lease of some iron mines, which eventually swelled the patrimony of his descendants so as to enable them to withdraw from all other speculations. On his death he bequeathed this property to one of his sons; and his landed estates to the other, from whom descended the celebrated collector and patron of literature, the late Sir Mark Sykes, of Sledmere, Bart., &c. 340 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. have been member for Yorkshire had not his own reluctance, arising from too true a feeling of his sinking health, prevented it. The following eulogy on his character was at that period circulated by his friends : — "In Daniel Sykes, Esq., the present member for Beverley, they saw a member in every way answer- ing to their wishes. Himself connected with trade, being con- cerned in a mercantile house in Hull — of mercantile descent and connections, being the son of a Leeds merchant, whose family has long been of high respectability in this town — thoroughly versed both in the details and principles of commerce — attached to the utmost freedom of industry — so independent and disinterested that he sacrificed the representation of Hull because he would not support the claims of the shipping inte- rests to a re-imposition of the old restrictions on navigation — favourable to freedom of trade in corn and freedom of trade to the East — a staunch, consistent, and enlightened friend to a thorough reform of the House of Commons — the constant advocate of economy and retrenchment, which he supported on all occasions — most regular in his attendance at the House and in committees — a cool, clear-headed, patient man of business, the very apostle of anti-slavery, having visited the whole East- Riding to stir up the people to petition for the emancipation of the slave — and, above all, of the most inflexible integrity and unstained purity of character: such are the high and varied claims of Mr. Sykes to the confidence of the freeholders of Yorkshire." At the dissolution in 1830, Mr. Sykes declined offering himself again for Hull, but was returned for Beverley, and had the satisfaction of voting for the Reform Bill; but his health compelled him to retire from public life at the dissolution of parliament, and his constitution soon afterwards broke up. Mr. Sykes' s funeral took place on Monday, January 30th, at Ivirkella church, in the presence of a large number of friends, and many of the inhabitants of Hull and the neighbouring places. The funeral retinue left the family residence at Ray well soon after nine in the morning, and proceeded in the following r : — Five mourning coaches and four, containing the members of the family; the hearse and four; a very long train of indi- viduals, walking two abreast, comprising personal friends of Mr. Sykes, merchants, professional gentlemen, members of the Mechanics' Institute, &e. ; thirty carriages and coaches, and about the same number of gigs and vehicles of other classes; and between one and two hundred horsemen.* A splendid * On Sunday, February 5th, a funeral sermon was preached in the Holy Trinity church, Hull, by the E,ev. H. Venn, M.A., of Drypool. His text DANIEL SYKES, ESQ., M.A., M.P., F.R.S. 341 monument was afterwards erected in Kirkella church to the late Daniel Sykes, Esq., M.P., by his widow, with a long Latin inscription, for which see Gentleman's Magazine, vol. cii., part 2, p. 659, &c. — For a more particular account, see the Gentleman's Magazine for February, 1832, p. 178, &c. ; the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1833, p. 294, &c. And for a pedigree of the Sykeses, see Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, pp. 3, 36, &c. was taken from Ezekid xx. 35, which the preacher thus applied to the case of the departed: "At the time when his political associates were advanced to the direction of public affairs, — wheu the measures in which he had long taken a deep interest were brought into discussion, and political zeal amongst all parties was kindled to an unusual pitch, — when a fair and promising opportunity was open before him of succeeding to the representation of the county of Yoi-k, a post of not less distinguished honour than overwhelming toil — at that time the fatal disease seized upon his frame with too sure a grasp, and seemed to whisper in his ear, ' Come thou aside, and turn thy thoughts to other things ; ' the hand of God brought him into ' the wilder- ness,' into a state of suffering and retirement, to meditate upon death and eternity, to hold converse with his God, and prepare for his immediate presence." After some other prefatory remarks, Mr. Venn thus dilated on Mr. Sykes's character: " He was a man formed to take the lead in society. He was gifted with fine natural abilities, which were cultivated by mental exercise, by extensive reading, and by intercourse with men of kindred talents and attainments. He was distinguished by a cool and independent judgment, united with great acuteness and clearness of apprehension. Good sense was also one of the most striking features of his mind — sound, prac- tical, good sense. These great and valuable qualities rendered him, in an eminent degree, a useful member of the senate, and enabled him to command attention whenever he rose to deliver his opinion. These qualities enabled him to discharge the high judicial functions which he sustained in this town with great dignity and advantage to the public. These qualities attracted the esteem and confidence of an unusually large circle of friends, and, it may be added, of all who had the opportunity of knowing him. The master- principle of his character was benevolence, an enlarged benevolence, mani- festing itself in acts of noble generosity, and disinterested zeal for the happi- ness and welfare of his fellow-creatures. As a member of the legislature, the questions in which he took the deepest interest and the most active part, were such as he conceived to bear most directly on the happiness and comfort of his countrymen, or any class of his fellow-creatures. Though identified with one of the leading parties of the state, in his general view of politics he still more cordially united with those of any party whom he believed to be actuated by a desire of doing good. There was not one of the numerous associations for purposes of benevolence in this district of the county, of which he was not a liberal patron. But this is but an insignificant part of his praise : it was not merely his money — his time, his ready and patient attention, his talents were at the command of any one who came upon a message of mercy. In the retirement of his country -seat, scarcely a day passed in which he did not receive applications from persons in difficulty or distress, to whom he liberally gave the benefit of legal advice, or such other relief as their cases required : scarcely a day passed in which he was not engaged in some act of kindness or bounty to his dependents and the neigh- bouring poor, for the great object of his life was to make everybody around him happy. Never did a public character better succeed in concealing the extent of his Ixnevolence. In him there seemed a perfect abhorrence of ostentation, and hence much of his charity was exercised in ways which it was hardly possible for strangers to appreciate, or for friends to reveal during 342 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. 1807—1832. CHARLES FREDERICK EDGAR, ESQ., Poet, &c, died at Potteraewton, near Leeds, July 6th, 1832, aged twenty-five years, mucli respected and regretted.* Mr. his life. A large and fixed portion of his income was devoted to charity, and this besides occasional princely gifts to those connected with him by ties of friendship and kindred. The part also which a father performs for the sake of his children he undertook for the sake of those who had not that claim upon him. For one proof of this, a circumstance may be mentioned, which, in a commercial town, cannot but be duly appreciated. He continued to engage in mercantile cares and risks for the benefit of others. After having long since fixed upon a certain amount, beyond which he would not allow his property to accumulate, he had the firmness to abide by this decision, when the power and temptation to depart from it arose, and the resolute charity to give away the increase. Let the well-known fact be borne in mind, that the desire of increasing wealth in the human breast enlarges with the power of doing so, and with the actual possession of it ; and that it would be as easy for persons in lower ranks of life to make the same noble determination, not to exceed the limits which their birth and station naturally assign, and it will be seen how rare is such an absence of the love of money as our friend exhibited. His integrity manifested itself in a nice sense of honour in all his dealings with others, and a scrupulous fulfilment of promises. Had he raised expectations in the minds of any, he regarded their fulfilment as sacred as a promise, and would as readily recognize an equitable claim as though he were bound by a formal obligation. The style of his conversation, though partaking of all the polish which acquaintance with the world can impart, had nothing of that hollow compliment of fashionable dissimulation, too commonly contracted in the same school : simplicity and the tone of truth were its characteristics. No arrogance was ever seen in him, no ambition to appear as a great or rich man, no grasping at honours ; on the contrary, there was an evident disinclination to assume the importance to which his station and talents, as well as the respect of his friends, fairly entitled him, and an amiable deference to the opinions of others, though in every respect his inferiors. It was this moderation in his habits and personal expenses which enabled him to be generous to the extent we have described. It was this which made him so easy of access, that the poor and friendless came to him, not only as to a powerful patron, but to a confidential friend." In youth, Mr. Sykes was remarkably handsome, as is recorded in Miss Seward's Letters: and in his advanced years he maintained the same animated expression of coun- tenance. He married, early in life, one of whom it is sufficient to say that he boasted often they had not been, for many years, a single day apart from each other, and, " b) r God's will, they never more should be!" The bulk of his property, which was allowed to increase of itself, only as a prudent man would have acquired, he left righteously disposed among his nephews, accord- ing to their circumstances. * ON THE LAMENTED DEATH OF CHARLES FREDERICK EDGAR. Died July 6th, 1832. Aged twenty-five years. " As echo from a stricken lyre Sinks to the heart's remotest core, There came a breath, as from that wire, Which whisper'd, ' Edgar is no more ! ' " And death at last has claim'd his boon, And laid thy rising genius low : Snatch'd from our hopes, alas ! too soon ; For thee ten thousand tears shall flow. CHARLES FREDERICK EDGAR, ESQ. 343 Edgar was well known in this county, and to a large circle of persons of literary taste, as the author of various poems, and as editor of the Yorkshire Literary Annual, the first volume of which came out in 1831, and met with a gratifying public reception, though a limited impression prevented him from reaping any fruit from his well-applied labours. Latterly, his life was one continued course of decline and pain. Having served in the navy, in the pestilential climate of Java, and other parts of the East, he returned to his domestic hearth with a broken constitution. Medical skill and personal care were alike unavailing; he sank gradually towards the grave; but he kept up his spirits in a wonderful manner to the end, and breathed his last breath, not in the agony that usually accompanies death, but like " exhausted nature seeking sweet repose." As a writer, Mr. Edgar possessed fancy and facility of expression; his prin- cipal defect was a want of that power which is the result of deep and mature thought. His personal disposition was such as to make friends wherever he made acquaintances. He left several unpublished pieces, chiefly relating to that "bourne" to which he felt conscious he was about to journey, and from whence "no traveller returns." We subjoin one of them, written in August, 1831 : — SCENES OF MY CHILDHOOD. " Ye scenes of my childhood, I bid you farewell, "With smiles that my anguish conceal; But the heart's secret pain, sighs unbidden tell — These tears its reluctance reveal. " All who with thee, 'mid youthful fears, Drank at the pure Aonian wave, Bring flowers, wet with affection's tears, To deck, sweet bard, thy early grave. " At duty's call, on foreign strand The patriot-youth his health resigu'd, Nor could his own dear native land Restore the blessing left behind. " But, as the mortal frame decay'd, To him a sun-bright hope was given ; The muses lent their kindly aid, With visions pure and bright from heaven. " O gentle youth ! relentless death Has sear'd those hopes we built on thee'; But thou hast gain'd a heavenly wreath, Which blooms through all eternity ! " No bust, in grief's sad mantle drest, Need o'er thy tomb be sorrowing bent ; For, O ! in every feeling breast Thou'st rear'd a lasting monument." From the Leeds Mercury for July 21, 1832 ; and for some interesting Stanzas " To the Leeds Literati," see the Leedt Li'' lligeruxr for January 27th, 1881. 344 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. " Farewell, the sweet scene of my juvenile hours ! Thy pleasures recede from my view ; To thy grass-cover'd meads, embroider'd with flow'rs, I bid a reluctant adieu. " I view thy green glades as the land of my youth. Ere sorrow this heart did invade; Ere yet I had prov'd the too sorrowful truth, Life's landscape is chequer'd with shade. " How sweet to reflection now rises each hour, Spent tinder the shade of thy trees ; The past seizes on me with syren-like pow'r, Forbidding the present to please. " To fancy, how bright are the days that are flown ! All sorrow from them is effae'd ; O'er them what illusions remembrance has thrown ; Past years with what colours are grae'd ! " Oh ! rnem'ry, thy magic beguilements give o'er, For sick'niug to truth I return ; She tells me of those, time nor place can restore, Who sleep 'neath the cold marble urn. " Yet dear to my heart are the friends that are left, Nor few to my bosom are given ; Of those that are gone, though now I'm bereft, Faith. whispers I meet them in heaven." Leeds, 1831. C. F. E. Peace to poor Edgar's ashes! He his last sleep hath taken. May he 'waken to a joyful immortality! A second volume of Original Poems, &c, by G. F. Edgar, was published just after his death, by Mr. Bingley, of Leeds. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. 1795—1833. CHAKLES TURNEE THACKEAH, ESQ., A surgeon, of this town, who was distinguished by an ardent and anxious zeal in his profession, to which he devoted his mind with unremitting assiduity; and gifted with a sound judgment to weigh accurately the results of laborious and patient investi- gation; was born at Leeds, in May, 1795, and was at an early age placed under the tuition of the Rev. Thomas Harrison, of Bardsey, near Leeds. His next preceptor was the Rev. Ham- mond Roberson, of Heald's Hall, Liversedge, where, we are told, he Avas distinguished above his schoolfellows by a spirit of enterprise and undaunted resolution of purpose. The wishes of his mother having devoted him to the Church, he was sent to read divinity with the Rev. James Knight, of Halifax. But to his active disposition the clerical profession presented few attractions; when he ought to have been reading Grotius, &c. t he was studying fortification among the hills, and, fortunately for the cause of science, he was finally destined for the medical CHARLES TURNER THACKRAH, ESQ. 345 profession. Though a mere youth, he had already evinced a taste for literature, and composed the outline of an ingenious tale of fiction. In 181 1 he entered the surgery of Mr. O. Brooke, of Leeds, and from this period his devotion to study was unre- mitting. In 1812 he seems to have commenced a diary in Latin ; and during this year, whilst he performed the laborious duties of an apprentice in an exemplary manner, he found time to read thoroughly twenty-five works on medicine, history, and general knowledge, and partially studied thirty-eight. In 1813 he remarks, that although during this year he was far more engaged with professional duties, yet he had surpassed the exer- tions of 1812. He closely studied forty -three works, and par- tially eighteen, besides committing to memory 1600 lines of Latin and English verse, and practising himself daily in com- position. In 1814 he entered himself as a pupil to the Leeds Infirmary. His course of reading that year was not less exten- sive than in 1813, but the works he studied were almost exclu- sively on professional subjects. Amongst his resolutions in 1815 were " to consume in sleep not more than eight hours in twenty- four, unless in case of sickness or disturbed rest, and to make himself acquainted each day with the nature and treatment of some disease." About this period he began to keep records of medical cases — a practice which he constantly adopted in after life. He spent the winter of 1815-16 in London, and attended the lectures at Guy's Hospital, where he was distinguished by Sir Astley Cooper. " There it was," says his biographer, that "he experienced the first attack of that visceral affection from which he suffered occasionally during the remainder of his existence. Close study and long confinement in the dissecting rooms, with accidental exposure to cold and wet, induced a serious disease of the mucous coat of the intestines, and his health declined rapidly under the effects of pain and profuse diarrhcea." Still he applied to his studies, early and late, and, amid much suffering, his chief anxiety was "lest he should lose opportunities of gaining improvement." In 1816 he passed his examination at Apothecaries' Hall and the College of Surgeons, and his Essay on Diabetes was rewarded by the Physical Society's prize of several valuable medical works. Soon after his return to Leeds, in 1817, he commenced practice on his own account, though labouring under ill health. This, with the worldly disappointments common to almost every condition of life, gave a melancholy tone to his feelings. At first his profes- sional prospects were unpromising; but having been appointed town's surgeon, they brightened. During 1817 he applied him- :UG B10GRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. self diligently to the study of the various branches of his pro- fession, but particularly to the nature and properties of the blood, though then unaware that Sir A. Cooper had determined to give annual prizes to his pupils for the best dissertations on that subject. In August, 1818, his essay gained the prize. Sir Astley's approbation led him to further investigations. In 1819 the first edition of the Inquiry''' made its appearance, which at once established his character. In the same year, at the request of the Leeds "Workhouse Board, he drew up an able report of the horrible state of the lower classes of lodging-houses in the town, which excited deserved attention, and led to some very beneficial regulations. This circumstance materially advanced his professional reputation and interests. In 1820 he associated himself with other members of the faculty in giving lectures to medical students, for whose welfare he always evinced the most lively interest. In April, 1822, he delivered an eloquent intro- ductory discourse on the opening of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, which Discourse was printed at the request of the members, and increased his reputation. But his health continued to sink, and he wrote to a friend about this time that, " after all, he feared he should be obliged to leave his * A new and enlarged edition of the late Mr. Thackrak's well-known and valuable work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Properties of the Blood in Health and in Disease, was arranged and revised by Thomas G. Wright, M.D., of Wakefield, in 1833, who also prefixed an interesting Biographical Memoir of the deceased author, and an explanatory Preface. The Essay was ori- ginally dedicated to Sir Astley Cooper, under whose auspices it originated, "and to whose encouragement it was first indebted for publicity." "And in accordance with the grateful wishes of his widow, and with a sentiment of high professional esteem from the editor, this new impression of the work is respectfully dedicated." We copy these passages because they are important to the character of the book, and indicate individual feelings which should be cherished. He thus closes his Preface: — "His indefatigable professional labour, his acute observation, his patient researches, are now ended. May their results, in the following pages, gratify the philosopher, and contribute to the advancement of medical science." This aspiration will be accomplished, because the talents of the deceased were such as to command the attention of the profession. The Biographical Memoir is from the kindly pen of Dr. Whytehead, and occupies eleven octavo pages. It begins by an observation that superior mental qualifications are too frequently conjoined to a delicate frame of body, and that these superior energies, generally speaking, however well directed, "have rather benefited the world at large than their unfortu- nate possessor." We admit the fact; but we cannot agree with the applica- tion of the epithet " unfortunate." The results of genius necessarily are for mankind, and not for individuals ; and it is in the nature of things that an active spirit should speedily escape from a frail tenement. Dr. Whytehead admits that the "picture has its lights as well as its shadows;" yet is scarcely inclined to allow "that the transient delights of sanguine anticipation out- weigh the calmer and more durable pleasures of reality." In this we agree with him ; but it hardly forms a part of the question. — See the Leeds Intel- ligencer, &c, for December, 1834. CHARLES TURNER THACKRAH, ESQ. 347 native place and settle in some distant town ; perhaps," said he, " my remains will ultimately be deposited in a foreign land. I may lie on my death-bed, without a friend or relative to close my eyes; but I shall have one satisfaction, at least, that my remembrance will not perish." In July of the same year, he delivered a popular course of lectures at the Philosophical Hall ; in the autumn he was elected a member of the "Societe de Medecine de Pratique" of Paris; in February, 1823, he delivered a second course of physiological lectures; and in 1824 a portion of them were published under the title of Lectures on Digestion and Diet. His practice had now so much increased that he felt comfortable in his pecuniary circumstances. In the spring of 1824, Mr. Thackrah married Henrietta, daughter of Mr. J. Scott, of Wakefield, who survived the union only four years; and in the following year he sustained a further loss in the death of his mother and an only daughter. In March, 1830, he mar- ried Grace, daughter of A. Greenwood, Esq., of Dewsbury; and found in the renewal of the wedded state a diminution of that irritability which had so long rendered life burthensome. But his general health was not improved. He allowed himself no relaxation, pursuing his studies and professional avocations with unabated zeal. In 1831 he assisted in the formation of the Leeds School of Medicine, and delivered lectures before it on aflatomy, physiology, pathology, and surgery. In 1832 he pub- lished his well-known volume on The Effects of Arts, Trades, and Professions on Health and Longevity ; and when England was visited by the cholera, he repaired to Newcastle and Gates- head to study its character, and on his return gave the public a pamphlet on the subject. We are now arriving at the "last scene of all." A pulmonary affection having been added to his old visceral complaint, he declined rapidly, and died on the 23rd of May, 1833, in the prime of life (aged thirty-eight yeai*s), easy in his circumstances, and with the prospect before him of great professional eminence. He was long deeply lamented by the numerous individuals who, from experience of his talents, were best able to appreciate them. The enthusiasm of his chai'acter, joined with patience of research, had long promised vigorous efforts in behalf of science. Without pretence to scholarship, he was not unacquainted with the ancient authors. He had read much, but his reading, especially in his youth, had been desultory. He rarely employed his energies on a branch of knowledge which he did not master with comparative ease, or his pen on a subject which he did not improve or elucidate. The strength of his social affections has been before noticed. He was a 348 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. kind master, an affectionate father, a devoted husband, and a sin- cere friend. But ambition, his ruling passion, goaded on by a sense of superior talent, was all-powerful — and to this his life was sacrificed. His own views and feelings are strikingly depicted in the following extract from one of his unpublished lectures: — " How can } 7 ou employ your energies 1 Is the fervour of youth to be wholly expended in the accumulation of wealth 1 Where will you seek your happiness ? In the cold respect which mere property acquh*es 1 In the toils of traffic, or the honours of the miser 1 Are there no noble objects for your ambition 1 Why should you not be Harveys, Hallers, and Hunters? In the present enlightened day you have better prospects of success than these men, who, without the aid of collateral science, made themselves immortal in the page of physiology. Why not emu- late the examples of Hewson, Desault, and Bichat 1 Soaring above their professional associates, deriding the attacks of envy, unbroken by anxiety and toil, they held on their course of glory. They all died at an early age; but their youthful studies bought an honour which the maturer efforts of their envious competitors could never attain. Their names are engraven in the temple of fame." Such was Mr. Thackrah. In saying that ambition was his ruling passion, Dr. Whytehead has given a key to his life. His abilities and acquirements were first-rate; but the state of his health kept him down. Unquestionably his death was a public loss; and his " remembrance will not perish." — For additional information, see Dr. Whytehead's Biograpltical Memoir, previously alluded to in a Note; the Leeds Papers, &c. 1758—1833. THE REV. EDWARD PARSONS Was for forty-eight years the pastor of the Independent church assembling in Salem chapel, Leeds, whom he served with eminent fidelity. He occupied a very distinguished station as a minister of the Gospel, and was honoured with extensive use- fulness in promoting the interests of religion. He died on Thursday, August 29th, 1833, at Douglas, Isle of Man, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He had preached with much animation on the morning of the previous Sabbath, and died after an illness of only a few hours. His death was justly the subject of deep and general regret.* He was succeeded by the Rev. John Ely. — See the Leeds Papers, &c, for September, 1833. * "We feel called upon (said the Leeds Mercury) to add a few lines to this brief notice of the death of a minister so extensively known and esteemed in this town and in the kingdom. Mr. Parsons had an open and generous heart, TH01IAS TENNANT, ESQ. 349 1764—1833. THOMAS TENANT, ESQ., A worthy alderman of Leeds, thrice mayor, who died December 25th, 1833, aged sixty-nine years. A tablet in memory of the deceased is placed in the Leeds parish church, and bears the following inscription : — " In this chancel are interred the remains of Thomas Tennant, Esq., a senior alderman, and for thirty-nine years a member of the corporation ; three times mayor (1808, 1823), and in 1832, the returning officer at the first election of members of parliament for the borough of Leeds. By energy and impartiality as a magistrate, integrity in the discharge of public trusts, soundness of judgment and affability of manners, he gained the general respect of his fellow-townsmen. An affectionate husband, an indulgent father, a conscientious member of the Established Church, and a sincere Christian : he was justly endeared to his family and friends. Born in London, 8th October, 17GL died at Leeds, 25th December, 1833."* As a further memorial, near the above is a beautiful stained-glass window, in the same church, and was, in every sense of the word, liberal-minded. Living in times when every man was called upon to express an opinion on national affairs, he, with his characteristic decision and soundness of judgment, espoused the cause of civil and religious liberty, to which he firmly adhered through life, and which he occasionally supported by his pen, though he never went beyond the line which the proprieties of ministerial character prescribed. He was a lover of peace, and his influence was always used as a peacemaker. His disposition was lively and cheerful, and his conversational powers great; a vein of quiet humour gave piquancy to his conversation, and contributed, with his vivacity, shrewdness, and amiableness, to make him a delightful companion. His prudence and conciliating temper, combined with his talents and the dignity of his ministerial character, to secure for him the respect of all sects and parties in this town ; and, perhaps, few ministers were so extensively known, and so much venerated and loved throughout the kingdom." — A small portrait of the Rev. Edward Parsons, of Leeds, engraved by Parker, from a painting by Wildman, was published in May, 1S27, by Westley and Davis, of i oners' Court, London. * On Saturday evening, about seven o'clock, January 26th, 1833, as Thomas Tennant, Esq., the mayor of Leeds (who had just arrived in the town from an excursion into a neighbouring county), was proceeding up Bank Street to -i'knce in Albion Street, he was attacked by four villains, who seized him behind, stopped his mouth, and throw him down. They took from him a small portable writing-desk, in which were thirty-seven five-pound notes, of the Boston and Lincolnshire banks, &c, besides some thirty sovereigns and half-sovereigns, making together £215, and various letters, memoranda, &c. Tie y also rifled his pockets of an antique silver snuff-box, a pair of tortoise- shell spectacles, and a gold watch and chain, the seals of which were broken off during the struggle. By the activity of the police, nine sovereigns and three of the notes were traced to the possession of Elizabeth Brown, to v. had been sent by the robbers. The writing-case was found early on lay morning in a field near Brunswick chapel; Its appareni contents were - buf the thieves had overlooked one of the parcels of notes, value £100. The snuff-box and spectacles were found near the same place, and the watch 350 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. by O'Connor, of London, representing the descent from the cross, under which are the words :— " Behold the Lamb of God!" The incredulity of Thomas, with the words: — "My Lord and my God !" The re-appearance of Christ to Mary, where she says : " Rabboni 1" The upper part has a figure representing the Ascension. The window was erected by his surviving children in the year 1853. — The above Sketch has been kindly revised by his sons, Thomas and Joseph Mason Tennant, Esquires, of Leeds. 1748—1833. THE REV. THOMAS JERVIS, Minister of Mill Hill chapel, Leeds, from 1808 to 1818, died at his house in Brompton Grove, London, August 31st, 1833, in his eighty-sixth year. " Erat in illo viro comitate condita gravitas ; nee senectus mores mutaverat." " Est enim quiete et pure atque eleganter actse setatis placida ac lenis senectus." The subject of this notice, to whom Cicero's description of a green and virtuous old age was strikingly applicable, was born on the 13th of January (o.s.), 1748. On completing the term of his education at the academy at Hoxton, he was in 1770 chosen to the important office of classical and mathematical tutor to the Dissenting Academy at Exeter. About the same time he was also elected minister of the congregation assembling at Lympston, and soon afterwards joint minister at Lympston and Topsham with the Rev. J. Bartlett. In 1772, an application from the Earl of Shelburne, afterwards first Marquis of Lans- downe, induced Mr. Jervis to resign his charges in Devonshire, and to remove, in October of that year, to Bowood, to under- take the education of the two sons of that nobleman by his first marriage. Here he remained in the enjoyment of highly culti- vated society, greatly respected in the faithful discharge of his important trust during a period of eleven years; and continued was subsequently recovered. William Rollinson, John Pickersgill, Joseph Teale, and Elizabeth Brown were committed to York for perpetrating or being implicated in the robbery. They were tried on the 7th of March. The jury found llollinson and Pickersgill guilty of the robbery, and Teale and Brown not guilty, but said in their opinion the latter were guilty of receiving the money, knowing it to have been stolen. Mr. Baron Gurney, in ordering judgment of death to be recorded against Rollinson and Pickersgill, said : " Prisoners, you have been convicted of a capital offence, and your lives are forfeited to the offended laws of your country. If I should be induced to spare your lives, it is the utmost mercy that can be shown ; and if they should be spared, let the remainder of them be spent (as they must be spent in a distant country, and in a very miserable condition), in endeavouring to atone for the wickedness of which you have been guilty." Teale and Brown were afterwards tried for, .receiving the stolen property, and each transported for seven years. — See Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c. THE REV. THOMAS JERVIS. 351 to be honoured with the kind attention and friendship of the marquis until the time of that nobleman's decease. Lord Pitz- maurice, the elder of his pupils, completed his education for the university under his instruction. The younger, the Hon. Win. Granville Petty, died at an early age, to the deep regret of all who knew him. According to the testimony of Dr. Priestley, then librarian to the marquis, and resident in the neighbour- hood, this noble youth had "made attainments in piety and knowledge beyond anything he had observed in life" — a circum- stance which may also be considered as an evidence of the knowledge and piety of his instructor. In 1783, on the com- pletion of this engagement, Mr. Jervis accepted the appointment of minister to the Presbyterian congregation at St. Thomas's, in the borough of Southwark, which he retained until the death of Dr. Kippis in 1795, to whom he was chosen immediate suc- cessor as minister at Prince's Street chapel, Westminster, since removed in consequence of the local improvements. In 1808 he quitted the metropolis in consequence of receiving a unani- mous invitation to succeed his friend, the Rev. William Wood, as pastor of the highly respectable congregation at Mill Hill chapel, in Leeds. He resigned his connection with this society in 1818, and never afterwards engaged in any stated ministerial duties; although he continued occasionally, for several years, to assist his friends in the services of the pulpit. He preserved lo the last, in a very remarkable degree, the vigour, energy, and cheerfulness of his mind, with few and slight interruptions to his bodily health. He married Prances Mary, daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Disney, of the Hyde, in Essex, his intimate friend, and near whom his remains now repose in the adjacent churchyard of Pryerning. Mr. Jervis was himself so peculiarly happy in delineating the characters of his deceased friends — as is testified by his numerous contributions to the Gentleman's Magazine and the Monthly Repository, and his funeral sermons, many of which have been published — that the writer of this article is especially anxions, in a few words, to do similar justice to the distinguishing features of his own. Notwithstanding the habitual tranquillity of his mind, Mr. Jervis's attachment to the cause of civil and religious freedom was ardent and unshaken ; and his devotional feelings were of the most animated descrip- tion, as appears from the hymns he contributed to the collection which beai's his name, in conjunction with those of his friends Kippis, Rees, and Morgan. It is probable this Sketch will meet the eye of some to whom he was well known, moi-e particularly in the north and in the west of England, who will bear the 352 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. tribute of a sigli to the warmth, the sincerity, and the fidelity of his friendships. His affectionate attention to the instruction of the poor was warmly testified by the members of his congre- gation at Leeds, while his discourses* were remarkably calcu- lated to interest and impress the higher classes, as coming from one who carried a pure and high tone of morality into the social circle of the cultivated and polite, and rendered virtue attractive by the charms of mildness and urbanity. With him, to use an expression of his own, "courtesy was the law of social life." By example as well as by precept, he recommended and illustrated the "moral beauty of virtue." See Sermons fifteen and seventeen, in a volume published in 1811. — For further information, see the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1833, p. 376, kc; the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1834, p. 441, &c. 1768-1834. THE EEV. WILLIAM VINT, President of Airedale College, &c, died on the evening of the 13th of March, 1834, at Idle, near Leeds, aged sixty-six. He closed an honourable life, after a long and painful illness, in peace. He had held the pastorate of the Independent church and congregation in that village nearly forty-four years, and united with it the presidency of Airedale College from its foundation in 1800. Such a biography as his character deserves and demands cannot be comprised in a work of this nature. His was an intellect capable of the most varied efforts — acute in judgment, bold in imagining, refined in taste. It would be difficult to decide between the respective styles of his erudition, his claim to mastery in what was profound and polite. Well versed in classical scholarship, he was little infeiior in his acquaintance with the modern languages. His acquirements could only be measured by those who determined to elicit them. Plain in his manners, they who knew him in the confidence of his friendship were alone able to appreciate the refinement of his sentiments and the delicacy of his feelings. Artless and unaffected, he was to be compelled before he unfolded his stores. * His printed Discourses possess a general correctness, an even and sustained excellence, together with an application, sometimes remarkably felicitous, of the stores which a taste for classical literature furnishes, and which well adapt them to excite the attention of the cultivated classes of the com- munity. While their appeals to the common feelings of our nature, and the ce of nil disguise of the religious sentiments of the author, without, however, entering into controversial discussions, relieve him from the imputa- tion of preaching to the rich another Gospel than that which will console the griefs and restrain the vices of the poor. COLONEL SIR MICHAEL MX'KEAGH. .353 Gentle, lie never offended; but sensitive, he deeply felt ingrati- tude and wrong. His generosity was unbounded, even to a fault: nor was lie merely liberal in pecuniary dispositions; he was self-devoting in every office of kindness and benevolent zeal. He was a niggard in nothing, but in his economy of time. He lived for others. Too often did he consume the night hi study ; too often did he exhaust the day with labour. If a reserve did ever disguise him, it was only from a superficial order of mind; and a little proof of him revealed the simplest, kindest, truest heart. He has closed a career, than which few have been more signally useful ; none have been more greatly pursued. — See the Leeds Mercury, etc., for March, 1834. 178G— 1834.* COLONEL SIR MICHAEL M'CEEAGH, Knight Commander of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic order, Commander of the Bath, Knight of the Tower and Sword, &c, and inspecting field-officer of the Leeds recruiting district, died in a fit of apoplexy, on Sunday, August 31st, 1834, at his residence in Rockingham Street, Leeds, in the forty-ninth year of his age. Sir Michael was a highly distinguished officer, and there were few who had seen more service. He was much beloved and respected for his great suavity of manner to all under his command; and indeed universally esteemed by those who had the honour of knowing him. His loss was deeply felt by the officers of the staff", and the non-commissioned officers and privates of the district— for they had ever looked up to him as a most honourable and just commanding-officer, as well as a most kind and benevolent friend. The mortal remains of the gallant colonel were interred on the Thursday following in the mausoleum under St. Paul's church, Leeds. All the military in the town attended the ceremonial, and the body was conveyed to the church on an artillery ammunition-tumbrel drawn by four horses. The church was crowded to excess by persons anxious to witness the solemn and interesting proceedings. According to the United Service Journal for October, 1834 (which see for a much longer Sketch), " Sir Michael was universally beloved * —1834. Mr. William Butterwortu, of Headingley, near Leeds, formerly an engraver in this town, died October 3rd, 1834, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Few men lived more respected, or died more regretted. Mr. Butterworth, in early life, had travelled and seen much of the world, as his Adventures of a Minor proved; his social and friendly disposition endeared him to all who knew him ; his loyalty to his king and attachment to the constitution of his country were such as proved him to have been a genuine Englishman, — See the Leeds Papers, &c, for October, 1834. z 354 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. by those who served under him — adored by his soldiers, who regarded him not only as their chief, but as their tried and trusty friend. His talents were of the highest order — his acquirements vast and extensive: he possessed an accurate knowledge of almost every European language, was a good classical scholar, and a poet of no ordinary description. In private life he was admired and esteemed by those who had the good fortune to possess his friendship and acquaintance." — For a more extensive Sketch, see the Leeds Papers, &c, for September, 1834; the Annual Biography and Obituary; the Gentleman's Magazine for January, 1835, &c. 1780—1835. MICHAEL THOMAS SADLER, ESQ., M.P., F.R.S., A name as familiar in the mouths of the public as household words, and one that will go down to posterity associated with glories more ennobling, 'more enduring, more gratifying, than those which attend upon the paths of power and conquest. His political motto was, the " greatest happiness of the greatest number." In his private capacity he was always ready to prac- tise what he preached. "With feelings of sorrow as deep as we have ever experienced," observes the Standard newspaper, in communicating to the public the decease of Mr. Sadler, "feelings which we are sure will extend throughout the British empire, we announce the death of one of the best and greatest men who ever did honour to the name of Englishman. What can we say of a man whose bright and spotless character affords no shade to set in relief the most brilliant virtues of which human nature is capable — the most splendid talents that have ever adorned our species] By the confession of an opponent, but a very competent judge (Lord Plunket), Mr. Sadler was the most accomplished orator heard in the House of Commons by the present generation. But who does not forget his eloquence in the memory of that enthusiasm of benevolence perfectly without example in the history of the world! As Mr. Burke said of Howard, Mr. Sadler's philanthropy had as much of genius as of virtue. It was a love of his fellow-creatures, upon so great a scale that none but a great mind could have conceived it; and, oh ! how far was it from that benevolence which is ever sus- pended in absti-action ! It was our happiness and our greatest pride to enjoy his acquaintance; and we can truly say, that whatever he sought for, and wished for, in behalf of the whole human race, he no less earnestly and vigilantly conferred, by manners and conduct, upon all within his sphere. Without MICHAEL THOMAS SADLER, ESQ., M.P., F.E.S. 355 pretending to any extraordinary sensibility, we declare it too painful to pursue our recollection of the unrivalled charm of Mr. Sadler's society. He has had his best earthly reward — he has 'died the death of the righteous;' and, almost without pre- sumption, we may anticipate that he has realized what a friend predicted of him, on that day when he was led into Manchester by 30,000 loving and rejoicing infants: — ' Sadler will witness but one more such scene as this, and that will be when he shall receive his reward in the resurrection of the just.' " Mr. Sadler was born at Snelstone, a village in the south of Derbyshire, in January, 1780. He was descended on the father's side from the celebrated Sir Ralph Sadler, one of Queen Elizabeth's ministers, and an important instrument in bringing about the Reformation. His mother's family were French refugees at the revocation of the edict of Nantes.* He was educated principally at home, * He was the youngest son of Mr. James Sadler, who appeal's to have heen, at the time of his birth, residing upon and cultivating a small estate in the adjoining parishes of Snelstone and Doveridge, in Derbyshire. By his will he bequeathed all his freehold and copyhold estate in Doveridge to his son, Joseph Sadler; and all his freehold estate in Marston-Montgomery, to his sons, Benjamin and Michael Thomas Sadler. Their father married, in 1766, Frances, the daughter of the Rev. Michael Ferrebee, rector of Rolleston, in Staffordshire. Mr. Ferrebee was the son of an eminent French Huguenot and refugee, who settled in London shortly after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and there acquired considerable property. Michael Ferrebee was entered at Christ Church, Oxford, where he greatly distinguished himself, and acquired the friendship of Swift and the chief literati of that day. His wife was a daughter of Henry Wrigley, Esq., of Langley Hall, near Middle- ton, in Lancashire, whose family had resided on that property ever since the Conquest. This estate was entailed on her daughter, Frances, and thence to her children, the sons of Mr. James Sadler. Michael Thomas was born on the 3rd of January, 1780, and his faculties seem to have developed them- selves at an early age. A taste both for drawing and music manifested itself before he had reached his fifth year; and he acquired from an able school- master, at Doveridge, a good knowledge of Latin, Greek, and French, with the rudiments of Italian and German; and it is stated that, " by the time he had completed his eleventh year, he had gone through Saunderson's A Igebra, calculated eclipses, found logarithms, and become conversant with the most abstruse problems in pure and practical geometry." It is also added, that " at this period he became a correspondent of the chief scientific periodical of that day, answering most of the mathematical problems proposed, through that channel." After leaving school he passed two or three years at home before any plan was settled for his future pursuits ; but, happily, Ins father possessed a large library of English, Greek, and Latin authors, which had been bequeathed to him by a relation of his wife's (the Rev. Henry Wrigley, tutor of St. John's College, Cambridge), in which Michael revelled, formed his taste, and acquired a good stuck of information. He began to indulge in a poetic vein to a considerable extent; and one of his favourite pursuits through life was to versifythe inspired Psalms : a copy of which in our Bible on, and another in the I'rayer-Book, bound up together, he usually earned about with him in after life. He also produced a Poem in Spenserian verse, descriptive of the scenery of the river Dove. For some Stanzas on the Banks of the Dove (" written on leaving my native place in early youth"), by 35() BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENS1S. and exhibited extraordinary powers of mind in very early youth, having mastered the higher branches of mathematics and astro- nomv by the time he Avas eleven years of age. His father intended him for one of the learned professions ; but, when about eighteen years old, he was induced to join his brother in business at Leeds,* where he continued engaged in mercantile pursuits, but not to the exclusion of more congenial literary labours, until he was called into public life by the ministerial proposal of the Catholic Relief Bill. On a vacancy occurring for the borough of Newark-iipon-Trent, in March, 1829, a deputation of the electors waited upon Mr. Sadler, at Leeds, and invited him to become a caudidate. He immediately com- plied, and triumphantly conducted an arduous contest, though opposed by Mr. Serjeant Wilde, one of the most able and ener- getic members of the bar. Mr. Sadler immediately distinguished himself by a very long and eloquent speech against the Roman Catholic claims, delivered in the House of Commons on the 17th of the same month; and during the continuance of the discus- sion he was a prominent champion of the Protestant cause. At the general election of 1S30, lie was again chosen for Newark, and in 1831 for Aldborough, in Yorkshire. At the election of Michael Thomas Sadler, Esq., M.P., see the Leeds Intelligencer for October, 1820; from The Amulet: or, Christian and Literary Remembrancer for 1830. In his childhood the TVesleyan Methodists established themselves in Dove- ridge ; and his mother, though -without severing herself from the Church of England, attended their services, and her family followed her ; but whether in her family is included her husband is not stated. The Methodists were outrageously persecuted; and even Michael, a child of twelve years of age, came in for a share of the popular malevolence ; for on one occasion a profligate fellow seized him and suspended him over the parapet of the bridge, where the Dove is very dee}), swearing that he would instantly drop him into the water if he did not curse the Methodists ; but the spirited and conscientious boy replied, "Never; you may kill me, if you choose, but I never will ! " The man held him for several minutes, continuing his threaten- in gs and imprecations : but finding them useless, his fears of the conse- quences prevailed, and he released him ; and, dreading a prosecution, left the neighbourhood. * Here he exchanged moral enjoyments and literary leisure for the applica- tion and turmoil of trade, which was not, however, congenial to his tastes. In the year 1810, he and his brother Benjamin (who was twice mayor of Leeds, in 1822 and 1833), became partners in an extensive establishment for the importation of Irish linens, with which he continued connected till his death. He relieved what to him was the wearisomeness of the counting- house, by frequently writing for the Leeds Intelligencer, the chief Tory newspaper of the north of England; by taking command of a company of volunteers; and, what to him was the most beloved of occupations, the discharge of works of piety and philanthropy. He was an active visitor of the sick and afflicted in connection with the Strangers' Friend Society ; he was for several years the superintendent of one of the largest Sunday schools in Leeds, and was a most useful member of the board for the management of the poor, and filled the office of treasurer zealously and gratuitously. MICHAEL THOMAS SADLER, ESQ., M.P., F.R.S. -j.j7 1832, his late borough being disfranchised, he was a candidate for the new borough of Leeds; but though highly esteemed by a large number of his townsmen, his reputation as an anti- reformer preponderated against his less equivocal merits, and at the termination of the poll the numbers were — for John Marshall, Esq., 2,012; T. B. Macaulay, Esq., 1,984; M. T. Sadler, Esq., 1,596.* In his public career, Mr. Sadler was generally associated with the old constitutional Tories. We have already mentioned his opposition to the Roman Catholic Relief Bill. To the policy of free trade he was also most decidedly hostile, from the thorough conviction that it was exclusively calculated to benefit foreign countries to the grievous injury of the labouring classes in our own; nor was he less unfriendly to the settlement of the currency question, winch he always stigmatized — carried into effect as it was without any attempt at equitable adjustment— as an act of the grossest and most wanton injustice. He spoke very strongly in the House against any government or parochial plan of emigration ; and by his persevering opposition he con- tributed greatly to the discomfiture of that proposition. Mr. Sadler was likewise very adverse to the Reform Bill, and recorded his objections to it in a masterly speech when second- ing General Gascoigne's motion, for the carrying of which par- liament was dissolved. But while Mr. Sadler, as a member of the legislature, was the enemv of all those innovations, no matter how popular, which he regarded as dangerous to our venerated institutions, he was the determined advocate of every measure which he believed would contribute to the happiness of the mass of the people, whose real interests he considered the main concern of every good government; and both in and out of parliament he ever spoke with great indignation of those pretended patriots, who sought popularity by extending mei'e political privileges to the lower orders, while they resisted every proposition for substantially bettering their condition. Under the influence of these feelings, he took very little share in par- liament in any mere party measures, but was chiefly occupied in supporting whatever he thought wo id d advance the happiness of the mass of society; and his political views for ameliorating the condition of the lower orders were indeed most extensive, and the measures which he himself introduced into the legislature * Though, in fact, actually entertaining views of very extensive reform, Mr. Sadler had conscientiously opposed himself to the swell of vulgar clamour; and because la: had refused to become the pledged partisan, the unbending and unflinching "reformer," the nick-name of a party, his social and practical reforms were either misunderstood or disregarded by the advo- cates of "the bill, the whole bill, and nothing but the bill." 35S BI0GKAFH1A LEODIENSIS. for tliis benevolent object most comprehensive and important. He brought a bill into parliament to provide agricultural parishes with the funds for allotting small portions of ground to their deserving poor, which, although it did not become a legislative enactment, was extensively circulated, and has been acted upon in several parishes with the happiest results; in one large parish not only to the greatly increased comfort of the poor, but to the almost complete extinction of the poor-rates. For Ireland he always expressed the deepest interest and sym- pathy, and twice introduced, enforced by the most impassioned and touching eloquence, the important measure of a poor law for that country into parliament, on the last occasion losing his px*oposition by a nominal majority only. Of this humane mea- sure he was in public and private the powerful and unwearied advocate, and, undismayed by the general opposition it provoked, brought the cause of those who had "none to plead for them" again and again before the British public. During the last session he sat in parliament Mr. Sadler was almost wholly occupied in prosecuting a bill he had brought before the legis- lature for the protection of children employed in manufactories — the Ten-hour Bill, as it is familiarly called. This measure was referred to a select committee, of which Mr. Sadler was chosen chairman; and the toil and responsibility thus imposed upon him of collecting the vast mass of evidence contained in their report, probably laid the foundation of his long and fatal illness. Neither did he, after all, succeed in passing this mea- sure of mercy, although the voice of public opinion compelled his reluctant opponents, in a subsequent session, to bring one forward professedly similar. Mr. Sadler was elected a Fellow of the Boyal Society, and was the atithor of several highly esteemed works, the most important of which are Ireland, its Evils and their Remedies — a work deservedly popular, and which must endear the memory of the author to every friend of humanity ; and an elaborate essay on the Law of Population, in 2 vols., 8vo., written principally with a view to controvert the opinions of Malthus. A third volume, completing this scientific and admirable work, has unfortunately never been finished; but we understand Mr. Sadler was diligently occupied in preparing materials for it while health was continued to him.* His death * Besides the works above spoken of, on Ireland and the Law of Popula- tion, Mr. Sadler published a great vaiiety of able pamphlets — a reply to the late Walter Fawkes, Esq., on the question of parliamentary reform — papers read before the Leeds Philosophical Society; and several of his splendid speeches are in print, having had the benefit of his own revision. In the MICHAEL THOMAS SADLER, ESQ., M.P., F.R.S. 359 took place at New Lodge, near Belfast, on the 29th of July, 1835, in the fifty-sixth year of his age.* Mr. Sadler was mar- ried, in 1816, to the eldest daughter of the late Samuel Fenton, Esq., of Leeds, who, and a family of seven children, were left to lament his irreparable loss. In private life his virtues endeared him to a large and admiring circle of friends : he was affectionate, generous, affable, accessible, and an utter stranger to pride. His appearance was remarkably that of a man of genius; and there was an enthusiasm and energy in his manner strikingly characteristic of an elevated and powerful mind. His social qualities were of the highest order, and his conversa- tion was eminently brilliant and instructive. It was said by Lord Bacon, at the close of life, " the poor have been ever pre- cious in mine eyes;" and no man could more fully adopt this Christian sentiment than Mr. Sadler. Public men have been called public property, but he ever felt himself emphatically the property of the poor ; his charity to them was unfailing, scarcely measured by his means, and he not merely gave the solicited alms, but made the sorrows and sufferings of the afflicted his own, and "wept with those that wept:" their wrongs, their sufferings, their privations, were his constant conversation; and his days and his nights, and finally his life itself, were sacrificed to his intense and unwearied exertions to redress the grievances of unfriendly poverty.t As a statesman, his parliamentary career walks of lighter literature Mr. Sadler was a more voluminous author than is generally supposed. Many of his poetical pieces are in print ; a larger poem, entitled Alfred, had long been ready for the press ; and we have seen speci- mens of a metrical version of the Psalms from his pen, that unite with a high poetical polish a devotional fervour wliich can only be the offspring of genuine piety. Mr. Sadler added to his numerous accomplishments a taste for music, and considerable proficiency in that delightful science. * Mr. Sadler's disease appears to have been an incurable affection of the heart, brought on by severe study and great anxiety. They who anxiously watched the progress of his decline, cannot doubt that he fell a sacrifice to the exertions in parliament with which he burdened himself, in addition to the enormous labour and anxiety bestowed on his 'great works upon Popula- tion and the Factory System. He was accustomed to verify the most minute ami apparently unimportant fact employed in the course of his arguments; and his deep regret during his illness referred to the incompleteness of his work on Population — an incompleteness that lost to the poor the advantage that a full confirmation of his s} - stem by the receut censuses would have conferred on them. Mr. Sadler died full of the hope of a blessed immor- tality, in perfect reliance upon the merits of the Eedeemer. t STANZAS TO MICHAEL THOMAS BADLEB, ESQ., M.P. (WHO DIED IN 1835). BY AN "OPERATlVi:."' From the Leeds Intelligencer for November, 1881. " I sing not the praises that fashion Which thousands have sung of before; 3G0 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENS1S, was invariably characterized by integrity, honour, benevolence*, sound judgment, and genuine independence of mind. In depth of reasoning, in perspicuity of argument, in extensive informa- tion, in aptitude of reply, in commanding eloquence, he had scarcely a competitor in the British House of Commons. Rich in science, replete with historic lore, Mr. Sadler's mind was a perfect treasury of sterling literature — a storehouse, as it were, of interesting facts; and such was the charm of his diction, such his pleasing facility of communicating knowledge, that it was impossible for any man of clear intellect to cultivate his society without deriving the most valuable information and the purest delight from his conversation. Persuasion dwelt upon his tongue ; truth, candour, philanthropy, and virtue were the treasured inmates of his heart.* But to all these estimable and Nor worship the titles ambition allows, Which flattery loves to adore. " The glory of heroes must fall to decay, The votaries of pleasure decline ; The high and the might}', who gild the glad way, Fall victims at folly's dark shrine. " Their deeds and gay trophies soon drop to the dust, The marble speaks coldly each name; The laurels that flatter the conqueror's bust Are dy'd in the blood of the slain. " I sing not of these— far nobler's my song; To him who can sympathy feel — A name more endearing than all the vain throng, Who live without charity's zeal. " Pursue the good work which thou hast begun, The footsteps of virtue are sure ; Thy deeds shall be echo'd by every tongue — ' The friend of the lowly and poor.' " We give thee the title, resplendent with glory, Everlasting — enduring as fame; And hist'ry, proud hist'ry, shall weave in her story A wreath roiind her own Sadlcr's'nume." * No man ever appealed to him in vain, if the means of performance were his. Of his bounty — at any rate, of his desire to be bountiful — we may truly say— " There was no winter in't ; an autumn 'twas, That grew the more by reaping." We regret to state (said the Albion) that Michael Thomas Sadler, Esq. ,— whose unwearied exertions, as a zealous and practical philanthropist, both in and out of parliament, have given him so strong a claim on the gratitude of the humbler classes, and the admiration of all— died at Belfast, &c. We have (said the York Chronicle) the painful task of recording the death of Michael Thomas Sadler, Esq., formerly of Leeds, but lately of Belfast. We cannot, however, reconcile to our feelings to pass over this melancholy event -with such brief notice, knowing Mr. Sadler intimately— having had the honour of his confidential friendship whilst we lived in the same town, and keeping up MICHAEL THOMAS SADLER, ESQ., M.P., F.E.S. 301 endearing qualities Mr. Sadler added a far higher and more important distinction — lie was a Christian ■ his mind was imbued with the deepest reverence for the will of God, and his works abundantly testify that His Word was "his meditation day and night;" and in his long and dreary illness, when "the days of darkness" — and they were many — came upon him, his soid was sustained and comforted with the hopes and promises of the Gospel, with the presence and blessing of his God, and his end was — peace. On the 4th of August Mr. Sadler's remains were interred in Ballylesson churchyard. The gentry, and an immense number of the respectable inhabitants of Belfast and the adjacent country, evinced their respect for his memory by accompanying him to the grave. On the 13th of August a numerous and respectable meeting was held at the Court-house, Leeds, for the purpose of considering the best mode of honouring the memory of this lamented gentleman; and the subscriptions for the purpose soon amounted to a considerable sum. A statue of the deceased, executed by Park, of London, was placed in the Leeds parish church, bearing the following inscription: — "Michael Thomas Sadler, F.R.S., born at Doveridge, in the county of Derby, from early youth an inhabitant of this town. Endowed with great natural talents, a fervid imagination, a a correspondence with him for some years, when distance separated us — we can speak as to the qualities both of his head and heart; and whilst his talents raised him far above most of his contemporaries, his urbanity of manners and unbounded benevolence of disposition gained him the love and esteem of those who had the felicity of his acquaintance. In religion, he was a firm and consistent member of the Church ; in politics, as firm a supporter of the constitution ; but he quarrelled with no man for either his religion or politics : all were to him as brothers, and especially the poor found in him an undeviating, an active, and a persevering friend. Indeed, to his efforts ; in their cause, to the intense study and labour devoted to those works begun and carried on with a view to the ultimate improvement of the condition of those whose labour is their wealth, he i >wed that disease which cut short his valu- able life. In him the people have lost a friend, in the truest sense of the word; the king, a loyal subject; the church, an ornament; and society, a bright example of sterling English worth and patriotism. It will be long before we " look upon his like again." Even according to the York Courant, "the friend of the poor factory child, the champion of the oppressed wherever trampled upon, the sincere commiserator with the sufferings of the poor, was Michael Thomas Sadler. At his decease, the spirit of political partisanship must- be sunk in the outpouring of undissembled grief, and whilst philanthropy drops the tear, the noise of party must be hushed to mute attention. In paying a hasty and deserved tribute to departed anxiety to soothe the troubled breast, to pour a few drops of sweet in the bitter cup of human misery, and to render pleasanter the weary pilgrimage of life to all, the flag of political distinction is furled : all meet on neutral ground; and while each laments the chasm thus made in the phalanx of philanthropy, let each retire, asking his own breast how can he best supply the deficiency, and seek that a double portion of the spirit of the milk of human kindness may henceforth manifest itself in his conduct.'' 362 DiOUltAPHIA LEODIENSIS. feeling heart, and an inquiring mind, he cultivated with success, amidst the distractions of trade, the elegances of polite litera- ture, and the severer study of political and social economy, as exhibited in his works on Ireland and the Law of Population. The display on various occasions of a copious eloquence, pecu- liarly his own, in defence of the Protestant faith, of the rights of humanity, and of the British constitution, secured him, unsought for, a seat in the House of Commons, and he represented the boroughs of Newark and Aldborough in three successive parlia- ments. He distinguished himself in the senate as the bold defender of the institutions of his country, by strenuously advocating measures to secure a legal provision for the poor of Ireland, and for ameliorating the condition of the factory children. He died at Belfast, July 29th, 1835, aged fifty-five yeai's. His remains rest in Ballylesson churchyard. By his numerous private and political friends this monument has been erected, to hand down to posterity the- name of a scholar, a patriot, and a practical philanthropist." At the time of his death Mr. Sadler was the leading partner of the respectable firm of Sadler, Fenton, and Co., of Belfast, who embarked a very large capital in the linen trade, and, from the great extent of their dealings, were eminently useful in the country. In the vestibule of the Leeds Philosophical Hall, there is also a fine statue of the late M. T. Sadler, Esq., M.P., modelled by Pai'ke, of London. — For additional particulars, see Memoirs of tlie Life and Writings of Michael Thomas Sadler, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., &c, with a fine portrait and facsimile of his auto- graph, London, 1842. A similar por trait, on a larger scale, was engraved by T. Lupton, from a painting by "W. Bobinson, of Leeds. See also the Leeds Papers, especially the Intel- ligencer ; the Yorkshire Gazette; the Belfast Guardian; the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1835; the Annual Biography and Obituary for 1836; the Christian Observer for June, 1842; Lives of Illustrious Men; Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography. For poetry on Our Sadler's Name, see the Leeds Intelligencer for August 5th, 1 830 ; for a long Monody on the late lamented death of M. T. Sadler, Esq., see the Intelligencer for September 12th, 1835; and for some beautiful Lines on the same, see the Intelligencer for January 16th, 1836, &c. The above Sketch has been kindly examined and approved by his nephew (who for some time lived under his roof), Michael Thomas Sadler, Esq., now of Barnsley. His son, the Rev. Michael Ferrebee Sadler, M.A., is now vicar of Bridg- water, Somersetshire. RICHARD HEY, ESQ., LL.L>. 363 1745-1835. EICHAED HEY, ESQ., LED., Was the younger brother of the late Eev. John Hey, D.D., and of William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., and was bora in the same house at Pudsey, near Leeds, on the 22nd of August, 1745. He was educated at Cambridge, and when twenty-two years of age took his degree of B.A. as third wrangler of Magdalene College, obtaining also the chancellor's first gold medal and the Smith's prize ; three years afterwards he took his M.A. of Sidney Sussex College, and in November of the same year (1771) he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple; and (with a view to the practice of Doctors' Commons) he took the degree of LL.D., in December, 1778, of Sidney Sussex Col- lege ; and he obtained in the same year the fiat of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury for his admission into Doctors' Commons. As a barrister, however, he did not succeed, so he retired from the bar. He was a Fellow and tutor of Sidney Sussex Col- lege till 1778; and afterwards of Magdalene College from 1782 to 1796. He was also elected one of the Esquire Bedells. In the year 1782, some gentleman, convinced of the evils arising from gambling, offered, anonymously, through the University of Cambridge, to give a prize of fifty guineas for the best Disser- tation on the, Pernicious Effects of Gaming. Eichard Hey, amongst others, wrote on the subject, and he obtained the prize of fifty guineas. The work was published in 1783; a second edition was published a few years afterwards, and in 1812 a third edition came out. The same anonymous gentleman again offered a similar sum of fifty guineas, in the year following, for the best Dissertation on Duelling ; this too was obtained by Dr. Eichard Hey, and it was published in 1784, again in 1801, and a third edition in 1812. For the third time, a prize of fifty guineas was offered for the best Dissertation on Suicide — a somewhat singular subject; but still more singularly the third prize was again won by Dr. E. Hey. The dissertation was published in 1785, and a second edition in 1812, when the three dissertations were published in one volume. He afterwards published a pamphlet on Civil Liberty; and in the year 1792 he wrote an excellent and judicious Answer to Paine 's Mights of Man, in which he demonstrates the system of that arch-theorist to be a system of despotism and tyranny. He entitled this useful publication Uappiness and Rights. In 1796 Dr. Hey published Edington, in 2 vols., duodecimo; and he also wrote several papers in the Philosophical Transactions, &c. He mar- 364 BIOGRAI'HIA LEODIENSIS. ried the daughter of Thomas Brown, Esq., of Hatfield, Herts, garter-principal king-at-arms, who died several years ago without issue. He died on Monday, December 7th, 1835, at Herting- fordbury, near Hertford, in the ninety-first year of his age — being the last surviving brother of the late William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., of Leeds. — For other particulars, see Literary Memoirs of Living Authors, published in 1798; the Leeds Papers, &c, for December, 1835 ; Darling's Cyclopaedia Bibliographia ; Lowndes's Bibliograp)her 's Manual, &c. 1797—1836. JOHN MARSHALL, JUN., ESQ., M.R, An eminent flax-spinner, of Holbeck, near Leeds, and one of the first representatives of that borough in parliament, died at his father's house, in Grosvenor Street, London, October 31st, 183G, in his thirty-ninth year. His death caused universal and profound regret in the town. Mr. John Marshall was the second son of John Marshall, Esq. * late M.P. for Yorkshire. * John Marshall, Esq., of Headingley, near Leeds, M.P. for York- shire, bom July 27th, 1765, the only son of Mr. "William Marshall, who was a younger son of John Marshall, of Yeadon Low Hall, near Leeds, acquired great wealth by his successful introduction of mechanical improve- ments into a branch of the lineu manufacture, the spinning of flax, in. which he formed extensive establishments at Holbeck, Leeds, and also at Shrewsbury. He married, August 5th, 1795, Jane, fifth daughter of William Pollard, Esq., of Halifax, and had issue — I. William Marshall, of Patterdale Hall, in Westmoreland, M.P. for East Cumberland, born, May 26th, 1796; married, June 17th, 1828, Georgiana Christiana, seventh daughter of the late George Hibbert, Esq., of Munden, Hertfordshire, and has issue. II. The above John Marshall, late M.P. for Leeds, born December 28th, 1797; married, November 18th, 1828, Mary, eldest daughter of the late Joseph Dykes Ballantine Dykes, Esq., of Dovenby Hall, Cumberland, and died October 31st, 1836, leaving issue — 1, Reginald Dykes ; 2, Herbert John ; 3, Julian; 1, Janet Mary; 2, Catherine Alice. Mrs. Marshall married, secondly, P. O'Callaghan, Esq., late 11th Hussars, and has by him a son, Desmond Dykes Tynte O'Callaghan, Royal Artillery. III. James Garth Marshall, sometime also M.P. for Leeds, of Monk Coniston Park, Amble- side, and Headingley, Leeds, J. P. and D.L., born February 20th, 1802; married, February 9th, 1841, the Hon. Mary Alice Pery Spring-Rice, daughter of Thomas Spring-Rice, Lord Monteagle, and has issue— 1, Victor Alexander Garth, born November 16th, 1841 ; 2, James Aubrey Garth, born June 11th, 1844; 1, Julia Mary Garth; 2, Constance Eleanor, who died in 1853. IV. Henry Cowper Marshall, of Weetwood Hall, near Leeds, born March 8th, 1808 ; married, June 27th, 1837, the Hon. Catharine Anne Lucy, second daughter of Thomas, Lord Monteagle, and lias issue. V. Arthur Marshall, Esq. , and the following daughters:— I. Mary Anne, married, April 13th, 1841, to Thomas, Lord Monteagle. H. Cordelia, married, in 1841, the Rev. William Whewell, D.D., F.R.S., master of Trinity College, Cambridge. III. Jane Dorothea, married, June 29th, 1828, to John, second son of Sir Grenville Temple, Bart., and has issue. IV. Ellen. V. Julia Anne, married, October 31st, 1833, to the Rev. Henry Venn Elliott, of Brighton, and has issue. VI. Susan Harriet, married in March, 1842, to the Rev. Frederick Myers, Keswick, and has issue. See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. JOHX MARSHALL, JUN., ESQ., M.P. 3G5 He began to take part in public affairs soon after bis father's election as member for the county of York, in 1826. His education and training, and especially tbe example of bis father, bad led him to acquire that solid information on affairs of national importance, and tbose habits of sound and inde- pendent thinking, which constitute the most valuable qualities of a public man. He had carefully studied the principles of political economy, especially in reference to trade, in which his practical experience combined with his knowledge of just prin- ciples to give correctness to his conclusions. His attainments in science were respectable; and he invariably devoted himself to those branches of knowledge which were of the greatest practical application and usefulness. He was a steady and per- severing friend of education, especially for the humbler classes ; and whatever tended to promote that admirable object received bis ready attention and his generous support. He was a plain, and not a fluent, speaker, but he was always listened to with respect, as his opinions had evidently been well weighed. In his moral as well as his mental constitution, he was thoroughly independent. He avowed his sentiments without either fear or forwardness. He practised a large benevolence ; his temper was calm and even; and he had no passion for honour or popularity. The high honour he obtained of being chosen one of the first representatives of Leeds in parliament was not sought by him, but was imposed upon him by the earnest solicitations of his fellow-townsmen, from the general conviction that he deserved it, and that he would ably and faithfully discharge the duties of a legislator. He amply justified the expectations formed of him. During the first session of the reformed parliament, his diligence was so great that we apprehend a fatal inroad was then made upon his constitution; and though his complaint was of much older origin, it was greatly aggravated by the late hours, irregularity, and confinement of parliamentary life, which thus prematurely cut short the political career of one of the most useful and efficient members sent to the first reformed parliament by a great commercial constituency. On the dis- solution of parliament by Sir Robert Peel, Mr. John Marshall was compelled by the state of his health to retire from public life; and from that time to his death he was able to take little part in business of any kind, though he continued to the last to manifest an anxious interest in the affairs of Leeds and of Yorkshire. He had realized an ample fortune in one of the most important of our local manufactures, that of linen yarn, which he extended and improved by his great practical knowledge and ;\QC) BIOGKAPHIA LEODIENSIS. mechanical talents; and some years ago, on the sale of the pi*o- perty of Greenwich Hospital in Cumberland, he purchased one of the most picturesque and beautiful estates in England, namely, that of the former Earls of Derwentwater, on the hike of that name, including the lordship of the manor of Keswick, and other manors. He lately built, at his own expense, a new church at Keswick, which was scarcely completed when he died; and if he had lived, it was his intention to build a man- sion for himself on the borders of the lake. Mr. John Marshall married the daughter of J. D. Ballantine Dykes, Esq., of Dovenby Hall, Cumberland, by whom he had three sons and two daughters — the youngest an infant of a few months old.* — See the Gentleman's Magazine, &c, for December, 1836. 1767—1837. THE EEV. WILLIAM MAKGETSON HEALD, M.A., Late vicar of Birstal, near Leeds, died January 11th, 1837, aged seventy yeai*s. Mr. Heald was born within two miles of the place in which he followed his ministerial labours for thirty- eight years. He was a native of Dewsbury Moor, and fellow student with the Rev. Dr. JSTaylor, of Wakefield, at the Batley Grammar School, at that time under the able management of the Rev. Mr. Hargreaves. Mr. Heald was primarily destined for the medical profession, and for that purpose was articled to a Mr. Floyd, of Leeds ; he afterwards attended lectures in Edinburgh and in London, and was one of the' class of the celebrated John Hunter during the last course of lectures given by that excellent lecturer. Mr. Heald then commenced prac- tice as a surgeon and apothecary at Wakefield, but after a very short time he became so dissatisfied with the profession that he determined to abandon it. He then went to Cambridge, where his friend Mr. Nay lor was studying, and entered at Catharine Hall. He graduated B.A. in 1794, and M.A. in 1798. Having entered holy orders, he obtained a curacy in the neighbourhood of Cambiidge,t which he held for some time, and also became tutor to some young men in the university. Shortly after this * On the Gth of February, 1833, John Marshall, jun., Esq., M.P. for Leeds, seconded the address in answer to the royal speech. The above Sketch has been kindly examined and approved by P. O'Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., late of Cookridge Hall, near Leeds, now of Leamington, &c. + He was ordained as curate to the Rev. Dr. Ramsden, then governor of the Charter-house, and rector of Balsham, in Cambridgeshire. His principal pupil at that time was Mr. Henry Wiles, who accompanied him when he came to Birstal, and completed his education there, and was afterwards fourth wrangler (in 1803), Fellow of Trinity College, and vicar of Hitchin, Herts. CHARLES MILNER, ESQ. 367 he was appointed curate of Birstal on the death of the Rev. R. Ogden, to which place he removed with his pupils. Three years after, in 1801, upon the death of the incumbent, Mr. Heald obtained the vicarage, which he faithfully served to within a few months of his death. In the month of July, 1836, having been seized with an attack of paralysis, he resigned the vicarage, and the Archbishop of York, in the most handsome manner, immediately presented the living to the Rev. Wm. M. Heald, jun., M.A., than whom no man more richly deserved it. Amongst Mr. Heald's earliest pupils were the present venerable Archdeacon Musgrave, vicar of Halifax, and his elder brother, the Rev. Thomas Musgrave, late Fellow of Trinity College, Cam- bridge.* During Mr. Heald's medical studies, and while he was in Edinburgh, he published a poem, The Brunoniad, of con- siderable spirit, attacking the doctrine of Brown, t who, at that period, was contending for the palm of pre-eminence with Cullen. Mr. Heald's other publications have been of a different nature, but all displaying a mind very highly polished and judiciously managed. In politics Mr. Heald was a consistent Liberal, and was never deterred from freely and fearlessly avowing his principles. No man ever enjoyed more general respect in a parish of such extent and density — the population exceeding 25,000. As a proof of this, we might refer to the very handsome testimonials presented to him on the resignation of the vicarage by both the Churchmen and Dissenters of the parish. — See the Gentleman's Magazine for April, 1837; the Leeds Papers, &c. 1790—1837. CHARLES MILNER, ESQ., Barrister-at-law and recorder of Leeds, died in the Temple, London, January 21st, 1837, aged forty-seven years. He was the son of the Rev. James Milner, for some time perpetual curate of Hunslet, near Leeds, and was called to the bar at the * Afterwards Archbishop of York, whose entire education was received from Mr. Heald, with the exception of one year before he entered at Trinity College, which, by Mr. Heald's advice, lie passed at Richmond, in Yorkshire, with the Rev. James Tate, the eminent Greek scholar. Another of his pupils was a clergyman well known in Leeds, the Rev. Charles Clapham, late incumbent of Armley, and eleventh wrangler in 1815. t This expression is thought to be incorrecl ; for in a favourable review of the Poem in a periodical called the Critical Review, for February, 1790, it is remarked that " the poet is evidently a friend of the Brunonian system," and such his son (who has kindly revised the above Sketch), thinks must have been the case, from what he has heard his father say in Ins early years. Dr. Cullen, his antagonist, making a more free use of the lancet than Mr. Heald thought advisable. 3G8 BIOGKAPHIA LEOMENSIS. Middle Temple, April 29th, 1814. A severe attack of influenza (the then prevailing epidemic) operating on a weakened system was the proximate cause of death. With a peculiarly sound and extensive knowledge of law, he combined great patience and great sagacity in the investigation of truth, and no man could possibly hold the scales of criminal justice with a more steady and impartial hand. As a professional man, his character and conduct were always honourable in the highest degree. He was fair and candid towards those who came most immedi- ately into competition with himself, harbouring no petty spites, no jealous antipathies. To his juniors in the profession he was always so kind and accessible as to win for him not only esteem, but the strongest personal regard. It is well known that his reputation as a lawyer stood very high. There was about him a clearness of head, as well as an extensive and accurate acquaintance with legal lore, which made his opinions peculiarly valuable. In private life Mr. Milner was greatly beloved by those who had the best opportunities of knowing him. He was not a man to make an enemy of anybody. Though most decided and uncompromising as a politician (of the old Tory school), he never obtruded his opinions so as to give personal offence, and, above all, never did he suffer them to impaii; the slightest or most transitory hue. to his administration of public justice. Mr. Milner, according to the Leeds Intelligencer, was a man of high honour and inflexible independence of character, possessing, in an eminent degree, that moral courage which peculiarly fitted him for his public duties ; as a lawyer, few men in the profession knew more, and, as a judge, humanly speaking, he was without fault. All who knew him esteemed him, and entertained for him a deep and sincere regard. The death of a good man is a public loss, and such we consider his to be. As a son, a brother, and a friend, his conduct was most exemplary; in the memory of his friends he will live while they live. He was succeeded in the recordership of Leeds by Robert Baynes Armstrong, Esq., recorder of Hull, who only held the office for two years, and was then succeeded by Thomas Flower Ellis, Esq. The first part of the above Sketch is sujrposed to have been written by the late Eight Hon. M. T. Babies, of Leeds. 1760—1837. THE EEV. EICHAED FAWCETT, M.A., Who was elected vicar of Leeds, March 26th, 1815, was the youngest son of the late Eev. Richard Fawcett, minister of St. John's church, and like many of his predecessors, a native of THE REV. RICHARD FAWCETT, M.A. 369 the town of Leeds. He was of St. John's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1781; M. A., 1784. In 1783 he commenced his clerical duties as clerk-in-orders at the parish church, and in 1791 he was presented with the curacy of Arrnley, which he retained till 1815, when he was elected vicar of Leeds. He died, January 22nd, 1837, of the influenza, which was then very prevalent in Leeds, after a few days' illness, at the vicarage, Park Place, in the seventy-eighth year of his age — having thus held the pastoral charge of this populous and important parish for nearly twenty-two years. He was the last surviving issue of the Rev. Richard Fawcett, M. A., who was appointed minister of St. John's church, in Leeds, October 7th, 1768, and died in June, 1783, aged eighty, and respecting whom Dr. Whitaker, in his Loidis and Elmete, says: — "To him St. John's church, and his successors, were deeply indebted for having, at an advanced period of life, filed a bill in Chancery against the trustees, who conceived themselves entitled to withhold from the ministers all the increased profits above <£80, which was eight-ninths of the original income, and by a decree in his favour entitled himself to a full proportion of the rents. Mr. Fawcett, senior, was a native of the chapelry of Dent, in the parish of Sedberg, and scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge ; a very acute man, and master of a neat, clear, controversial style, which he twice displayed in public — once in defence of his friend, Dr. Kirshaw, from the statement of the disappointed candidate for the vicarage of Leeds; and again in an ironical letter to the Rev. John Wesley, under the name of certain illiterate preachers in his connexion, who professed to be scan- dalized at his requirement of human learning in all its branches, as the necessary qualification of a minister of the Gospel." This Mr. Fawcett, besides the late (Richard Fawcett) vicar of Leeds, had two other sons, the late Joseph Fawcett, Esq., an eminent cai*pet manufacturer in this town, and the late Rev. James Fawcett, B.D., a man of high talent and exemplary piety; for many years Norrisian professor of divinity in the Uni- versity of Cambridge, and rector of Great Snoring, in the county of Norfolk. If the late vicar did not take his posi- tion in the front rank as to composition and oratory, he was endowed with qualities which gave him a more confident hope in that happy rest to which he 1ms doubtless been called: his sound Christian doctrine was enforced with sincerity and ear nestness, and was practically evinced by his brotherly love,* his * According to the Gentleman's Magazine, Mr. Fawcett was an active and benevolent minister of religion, and was much beloved by the principal A A 370 BIOGRAPIIIA LEODIENSIS. unostentatious demeanour, his extensive charity, and his uni- versal benevolence. His remains were interred near the altar- table in the Leeds parish church.* A tablet is erected to the memory of the deceased within the altar-rails of the parish church, on the north-east side, which bears the following inscrip- tion: — "To the memory of the late Rev. Richard Fawcett, M.A., vicar of this parish, in which the whole of his ministerial labours had been spent — having been seven years cm-ate of this church, twenty-three years incumbent of Armley, and upwards of twenty years vicar of this parish ; a man of genuine liberality, tirm in principle, in his manners courteous, who died, January 22nd, 1837, aged seventy-seven, beloved by his family, valued by his friends, and esteemed and respected by all his pai-ishioners." He was succeeded by the Rev. Walter Farquhar Hook, M.A., afterwards D.D., and Dean of Chichester, &c. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for January, 1837. 1784-1837. JOHN ENTWISLE, ESQ., M.P., Born August 21st, 1784, was the eldest son and heir of John Markland, Esq., mayor of Leeds in 1786 (who assumed the name inhabitants of Leeds, who testified their respect to his memory by attending his remains to the grave. The right of presentation to this valuable vicarage is vested in twenty-five trustees. * The funeral procession left the vicarage about half-past ten, and proceeded in the following order :— Four Inspectors of Police. The Chief Officer and Superintendent of Police. The Sergeant at Mace (robed, but without the mace). The Mayor and the late Mayor. Eighteen Aldermen, Councillors, and Magistrates. The Churchwardens. The Choristers and Beadles of the Parish Church. The Clergy of the Parish, in their robes. The Domestics of the late Vicar's establishment. The Hearse, drawn by four black horses. Four Mourning Coaches. Seven Private Carriages, &c. 'the body was met at the church-gates by the Trustees of the Advowson, wearing black scarfs, the clerk-in-orders, and the curate of the parish church, the latter of whom officiated. The morning and funeral services were read by the Rev. Robert Taylor, the curate, in the course of which an appropriate :mthem was sung by the choir. The church was crowded to excess during the solemn services. The shops along the line of the procession (though on a Saturday), were closed during the passing of the cavalcade, and the crowds of spectators which filled the streets and upper windows marked the respect in which the deceased vicar was held by all classes of his parishioners. The most perfect order and decorum were observed during the whole of the solemn ceremonial; and the company, amounting to several thousands, separated at the church, and the procession returned in a similar manner to the Court-house, and there dispersed. JOHN HEY, ESQ., F.L.S., F.G.S. 371 of Entwisle in 1787, on the death of his consin, Robert Entwisle, Esq.),'" by Ellen, daughter of Hugh Lyle, Esq., of Coleraine. He served the office of high-sheriff of Lancashire in 1824. At the first election for the new borough of Rochdale, in December, 1832, he became a candidate, but was unsuccessful, the numbers being — for John Fenton, Esq., 277; John Entwisle, Esq., 246. In 1835 he defeated his former competitor by forty-three, polling 369 votes, and Mr. Fenton 326. Mr. Entwisle was a Conser- vative in politics, and became president of the South Lancashire Conservative Association on its formation. He married, in May, 1812, Ellen, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Smith, Esq., of Castleton Hall, by whom he had issue one son, John Smith Entwisle, Esq.,t born in 1815, and two daughters, Ellen Matilda, married to Sir Alexander Ramsay, Bart., and Augusta, married, in 1842, to L. B. Mackinnon, Esq. The above John Entwisle, Esq., of Foxholes, in the county of Lan- caster, and of York Terrace, Regent's Park, M.P. for Rochdale, a magistrate for Lancashire and the West-Riding of Yorkshire, (bed, April 5th, 1837, in his fifty-third year. — See the Gentle- man's Magazine for June, 1837, p. 655, &c. 1802—1837. JOHN HEY, ESQ., F.L.S., F.G.S., Surgeon, second son of William Hey, Esq., of Leeds, died at his residence, Albion Place, December 11th, 1837, in the thirty- sixth year of his age. Mr. John Hey was no less distinguished for the qualities of his heart than for those of his mind, and his loss was deeply felt in a very extensive circle. His professional attainments were first-rate ; he was a proficient in various branches of science, and his studies embraced the whole range * Robert Entwisle, Esq., of Foxholes, Lancashire, bom in 1735; justice of the peace; died, unmarried, in 1787, when the estates passed to his kinsman, John Markland, Esq., bom August 21st, 1744, son of John Markland, Esq., of Manchester and Leeds, and grandson of John Markland, Esq., of Wigan, by Ellen Entwisle, his wife, whose father, Bertie Entwisle, vice-chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, was second son of John Entwisle, Esq., of Foxholes, a barrister of the Middle Temple, living in 1GG5. Mr. Markland assumed, iu consequence, the surname and arms of Entwisle. He married, October 9th, 1782, Ellen, daughter of Hugh Lyle, Esq., of Coleraine, colonel of the Roch- dale volunteers, and had issue— John, Ids heir; and Elizabeth, married in 1805, to Robert Feel, Esq., of Manchester, kc. + The present John Smith Entwisle, Esq. (who has been kind enough to revise the above Sketch), of Foxholes and Castleton Hall, in the county of Lancaster, J.P. and D.L., born September 18th, 1815; high-sheriff in 1849; married, May 18th, 18415, Caroline, second daughter of Robert J. J. Norreys, Esq., of Davy Hulme Hall, in the county of Lancaster, and has issue — 1, < 'aroline Dorothea ; 2, Mary Ellen ; 3, Isabella Margaret ; 4, John Bertie Xorreys, born December, 1856, kc. — See Burke's Landed Gentry, kc. 372 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of polite literature, while the " one thing needful" was not for- gotten. Locally his death was severely felt in the Leeds School of Medicine, of which he was an active and efficient member; he was also for seven years curator and librarian of the Leeds Literary and Philosophical Society. His two able predecessors in that post had bequeathed a fame so high and worthy, that it was no small difficulty to take their place and complete their succession. Enjoying the advantage of an honoured name, he felt that great exertion alone could sustain his title to the patronymic inheritance. His mind, naturally quick and pene- trating, was richly cultivated by education, and amply stored by science. It was eminently constituted for analytic research. In the philosophy of natural history lay pei'haps his readiest faculty and chief delight. His favourite sections of this large field were botany and geology. During a long indisposition, compelling protracted remission of professional duty and absence from home, he little abated his love and pursuit of knowledge. Amidst the flowers of the field and the rocks of the coast, he still found his interesting study, and a pure gratification. His amiable temper shed a pleasant lustre over his superior talents and rare attainments, &c. — For further information, see the Leeds Papers, and also the Minutes and Reports of the Leeds Philosophical Society, &c. 1752—1837. THE EEV. THOMAS SISSON, M.A., Vicar of Chippenham, in Cambridgeshire, and rector of Wal- lington, for many years chairman of the Hertfordshire Quarter Sessions, died December 31st, 1837, aged eighty-five years. Mr. Sisson was a native of Leeds, and was educated at the Leeds Grammar School, where he was soon distinguished for his ability and acquirements. For more than half a century he was an active magistrate of the county of Hertford, and for nearly the same lengthened period rector of Wallington, having been appointed to that benefice in 1788, by Emmanuel College, Cambridge, of which society he was a Fellow and tutor. He was uncle to the Pev. Joseph Lawson Sisson,* D.D., formerly of Leeds and Wakefield, now incumbent of Coleford, Glouces- tershire, author of an Anglo-Saxon Grammar, published at Leeds, and an Historic Sketch of the Parish Church of Wakefield, &c. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for January, 1838. * The Rev. "William Lawson, M.A. (1757-1841), formerly a Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge, vicar of Masham, Yorkshire, and for many years bead-master of the Wolverhampton Grammar School, was also a THE SIXTH DUKE OF LEEDS, K.G. 373 1775—1838. THE SIXTH DUKE OF LEEDS, KG., George William Frederick Osborne, died in London, July 10th, 1838, aged nearly sixty-three. His grace was born July 21st, 177-3, the elder son of Francis Godolphin, the fifth duke, by his first wife, the Right Honourable Lady Ameha D'Ai-cy, Baroness Conyers, only daughter and heiress of Robert, fourth and last Earl of Holderness. His mother (whose marriage was dissolved by act of parbament, in 1779) died during his minority, January 26th, 1784 ; and on his coming of age, he presented a petition to the House of Lords, claiming the barony of Conyers in right of his maternal descent. On the 27th of April, 1798, the House resolved and adjudged that the petitioner, George AVilliam Frederick, Marquis of Carmarthen, had made out his claim to the title, honour, and dignity of Baron Conyers ; and he immediately received his writ of summons accordingly. He never, however, took much interest in politics, and when a young man spent a considerable length of time in Italy. He usually gave his vote in parliament with the Tory party. On the 31st of January, 1799, he succeeded his father in the duke- dom, and in the same year he was appointed lord-lieutenant of the North-Riding of Yorkshire. On the 4th of May, 1827, he was appointed master of the horse, and on the 10th of the same month he was sworn a privy councillor. On the latter day also he was elected a knight of the order of the garter. He resigned the office of master of the horse with the Duke of Wellington's administration, in November, 1830. At the ceremony of the coronation of King Wilbam IV., September 8th, 1831, the Duke of Leeds was one of the four knights of the garter who held over the king's head the pall of gold at the ceremony of anointing. As a supporter of the turf no one was more respected. He was, in fact, admitted to be a pattern for everything upright and honourable. It should be borne in mind that to the northern turf he was essentially devoted, for he seldom sent horses south of Doncaster. The influence of his character was great in the best sense of the word ; for in Ins own neighbourhood he was truly "the fine old English gentle- native of Leeds. He was for many years a deten u in France, where he was seized by Napoleon as he was travelling for the benefit of his health, and only returned home at the peace. He died in 1841, bty-four years, outhwell, in Nottinghamshire, and was buried in the collegiate church of that place. Be was also uncle to the Rev. J. Lawson Sisson, D.D.,whowas also educated at the Leeds Grammar Scl I, and by whom these brief Sketches have been kindly revised. - See the Leeds Papers, &c. 37 I BIOGKAPHIA LEODIENSIS. man," and sought not to be great from home. In 1811 his grace pulled down the ancient mansion-house at Kiveton, which up to that time had been the principal residence of the family from the reign of James the First (see Hunter's History of South Yorkshire, vol. i., p. 142). It was quitted for the more magnificent castle of Hornby, in the same county, the seat of his mother's family, the Barons Conyers, and Earls of Holder- ness. His grace was present at the coronation of the Queen, though his duchess was prevented from attending by serious illness. He was taken ill only three days before his death. His body was interred, on the 16th of July, under Trinity church, Osnaburgh Street, Regent's Park. He married, August 17th, 1797, Lady Charlotte Townshend, sixth daughter of George, first Marquis Townshend, and aunt to the second marquis; and had issue two sons and one daughter: 1, the Most Noble Francis Godolphin D'Arcy, seventh Duke of Leeds, born in 1798 ; 2, Lady Charlotte Mary Anne Georgiana, married in May, 1826, to Sackville Lane Fox, Esq., of Bramham Park, near Leeds, and died in 1836 ; and, 3, Lord Conyers George Thomas William Osborne, who was accidentally killed in wrestling with a young friend, when a member of Christ Church, Oxford, February 19th, 1831. The seventh duke formerly sat in parliament (as Marquis of Carmarthen) for Helston ; but was not a member of the House of Commons after the passing of the Reform Act. At the coronation of her present Majesty he was (only a few days befoi'e his father's death) called up to the House of Peers in the barony of Osborne. He married, April 24th, 1828, Louisa Catherine, third daughter of Richard Caton, of Maryland, Esq., widow of Sir Felton E. Bathurst Hervey, Bart., and sister to the Marchioness of Wellesley. By that lady he had no issue ; and the heir presumptive to the dukedom was Lord Godolphin, the late duke's only brother, who succeeded as eighth Duke of Leeds in 1859.* See the Gentleman's Magazine for August, 1838 ; the Peerages of Burke, Collins, Debrett, Lodge, &c. ; and also a Sketch of the first Duke of Leedsf (with Notes), who died in 1712, p. 121, &c. * The splendid mansion in St. James's Square, purchased by the Duke of Leeds from the Dowager Countess of Hardwicke, was bequeathed by his grace to his son-in-law, Mr. Sackville Lane Fox, together with the whole of his personal property ; and it was said that, in consequence, the seventh duke would be obliged to sell Hornby Castle, the only unentailed portion of the family estates.— See Gentleman's Magazine for December, 1838, &c. t For a much longer account of Thomas Osborne, the first Duke of Leeds, who died in 1712, with a fine portrait, engraved from the painting by V. Vaart (1712), in the collection of his Grace the Duke of Leeds, at Hornby Castle, in this county, see Lodge's Portraits of Illustrious Personages (Bohn's edition), vol. vii., p. 19, &c. LIEUT. -GENERAL SIR JOHN ELLEV, K.C.B. 375 —1839. LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR JOHN ELLEY, K.C.B., &c, Governor of Galway, and Colonel of tlie 7tli Lancers, died at his seat, Cholderton Lodge, near Arnesbury, January 23rd, 1839.""' This distinguished officer, formerly a tanner's boy at Meanwood, near Leeds,t commenced his military career as a private trooper in the Blues, in which he soon obtained the post of quartermaster; and in 1791 he obtained a cornetcy in the same regiment. He served the campaigns, 1793-1795, in Flanders, and -was present at most of the battles fought during that period, and at the siege of Valenciennes, &c. The 28th of January. 1796, he obtained a lieutenancy in his regiment; in October, 1799, a troop ; in 1804, a majority; and in March, 180G, a lieutenant-colonelcy. He served as assistant adjutant- general to the cavalry in Spain in the campaigns of 1808 and 1809, and was present in the affairs of Sahagun, Majorca, Benevente, and Lugo, and in the battle of Coruima. He also served in the same capacity in Spain and Portugal during the following years : was at the battle of Talavera ; had the com- mand of the rear-guard of cavalry which covered the advance corps of the army when it retired over the Alberche ; was in the battles of Fuentes d'Onor, Salamanca, Vittoria, Orthes, and Toulouse, and finally served in the Netherlands, and at Waterloo. For his services on these occasions he was appointed a K.C.B., and received a cross and two clasps. He was appointed also a knight of the Austrian Order of Maria Theresa, and a knight of the 4th class of the Russian Order of St. George. He received the rank of colonel in the army, in March, 1813; of major-general, August, 1819; and of lieutenant-general, January, 1837. He was previously (in November, 1829) appointed colonel of the 17th Lancers. He * On the 4th of February, the remains of the late Sir John Elley were removed from his residence, West Cholderton, near Andover, for interment in the Chapel Royal, at "Windsor. At the request of the gallant general, the funeral was private, and eight of his brother officers of the Blues bore the pall.— See the Gentleman' s Magazine for December, 1839, p. 669, &c. + Sir John was born in London (and not in Leeds, as is generally supposed), his father kept an eating-bouse, in Furnival's Inn Cellars, Holborn. He was in the service of Mr. John Gelderd, tanner, of Meanwood, and had often, on a wet Sunday, to meet Mrs. Gelderd, at Headingley church, with an umbrella or a pair of pattens. Elley was engaged to marry Ann Gelderd, the daughter of his master, but she died, and he attended her funeral, at Armley chapel, in great grief. Elley had a desire, after a short service, to leave the arm}-, but was induced by the Rev. John Smithson, incumbent of Headingley, to remain. The above statement was made to Henry Stooks Smith, Esq., of Headingley (who has kindly revised the above Sketch), by the Lev. Mr. Smithson, who died in 1835. 376 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. had served on the staff in the sonth of Ireland, and represented Windsor in Sir Robert Peel's parliament, of whose party and politics he was an active supporter. It is recorded of Sir John Elley, in Scott's Letters to his Kinsfolk, that there were found on the field of Waterloo more than one of Napoleon's Cuiras- siers cleft to the chine by the stalwart arm of this gallant officer. Sir John Elley's will was proved by the executors, John Burton, Esq., Henry Knyvett, Esq., Charles Hopkinson, Esq., and Jane Carter, spinster. The personal estate was sworn to be under £25,000. Among various legacies .£300 was left to the lieutenant-genei'al who should succeed to the command of his regiment, to purchase plate for the use of the mess ; and the like sum for the same purpose to the colonel of the 17th Lancers. Also the following charitable bequests : — To the Magdalen Asylum in the London Road, ,£300 ; to the Female Orphan Asylum, £300 ; to the Westminster Lying-in Hospital, £300 ; to the Bethnal Lunatic Asylum, £500 ; to the Refuge for the Destitute, £200 ; to the Institution for the cure of Cancer, in the Kent Road, £250 ; to the Corporation of Windsor, £100, to apply the interest among poor decayed householders. The will is dated 6tb of March, 1838. — See the Gentleman, 's Magazine for April, 1839, &c. 1758-1839. GEORGE SCHOLEY, ESQ., Formerly of Leeds, afterwards alderman and lord mayor of London, of Clapham Common, and Hutton Hall, Essex, for thirty-four years an alderman of London for the ward of Dow- gate, died at Clapham, October 4th, 1839, aged eighty-one. Alderman Scholey was a native of Sandal, near Wakefield, in which parish several relations of his are now residing. He commenced life as the junior clerk in the bank of Messrs. Beckett, Blayds, and Co., of Leeds. Having acquitted himself with ability and fidelity for several years with them, he was enabled to obtain a confidential situation in the house of Messrs. Stephenson and Co., hop merchants, London, by whom he was subseqxxently taken into partnership. His career through life affords a striking example of what may be accom- plished by diligence and propriety of conduct. He served the office of sheriff of London and Middlesex in 1804, was elected alderman of Dowgate ward in 1805, and was lord mayor in 1812. He was an alderman of the old school, — industrious, ise, affluent, hospitable, and a Tory. He was always attentive to his official duties, and, indeed, frequently took upon BENJAMIN GOTT, ESQ. 377 himself the performance of the duties of his junior brethren. In the magisterial chair he was ever on the side of leniency. He was remarkable for the neatness of his person, and often appeared well mounted on the Clapham road. He had an attack of dropsy about three months before his death, and he very calmly assured some of his friends that his last hour was approaching. To the surprise of the citizens of London, Alderman Scholey is said to have died worth no more than £120,000. He had retired from business many years, and was reported to have stated, at the period of his retirement, that he was worth a plum and a half, and the calculation was that his property amounted to £500,000, as he was a very economical liver. His executors were Alderman Thompson, Mr. Atkinson (formerly Alderman Scholey's partner), and Mr. Fr'eshfield. The disposition of Ins property, it was said, was rather extraoi*- dinary. To his son, who was forty-eight years of age, he left the interest upon £40,000 in the Three per Cents, for his life, but without permission to touch a farthing of the principal ; to Mrs. Bellamy, his daughter, he left the interest upon £20,000, but with the principal she had no more to do than her brother had. Upon the death of son and daughter the principal devolves to others. To an old woman, who lived as an upper servant in his house for thirty-eight years, he left £500, and to each of his other servants he left £100. By Ins will he also directed a large sum to be invested for the purpose of founding a charity at Sandal, near Wakefield. — For a longer Sketch, see the Gentleman's Magazine for Decembei', 1839, &c. 1762—1840. BENJAMIN GOTT, ESQ., Merchant, of Armley House, near Leeds, died February 14th, 1840, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. He was born on the 24th of June, 1762, and was the son of a man who, by bis energy and talents, raised himself to eminence as a civil engineer. He was educated at Bingley School, and in early life his abilities and amiable disposition endeared him to his school-fellows and friends. He entered, and afterwards became a partner of, the firm of Wormald and Fountaine, woollen manufacturers and merchants, which, by the retirement of the other partners, became eventually the establishment alone of Mr. Gott and his sons.* Thus placed in a commanding situa- ; By liis tulent, intelligence, and activity, lie realized a large fortune. No one in the West-Biding stood higher as a man of business. Be possessed large stores of information, a vigorous intellect, remarkable decision of 37b BI0GRAPH1A LEODIENSIS. tion, Mr. Gott's superior qualities acquired an ample field for their development. Untiring energy, an enlarged intelligence, and an enterprising spirit, soon raised the subject of this Memoir to the head of the woollen manufacture of Yorkshire. During the war his establishments were on so lai-ge a scale, that at one period £1,000 a week in wages were paid by his house. Wealth thus acquired was nobly dispensed. Mr. Gott was the active supporter of every charitable institution ; a patron of the fine arts ; and a firm and enlightened upholder of our constitution in Church and State, from a conscientious conviction of its excellence. He was one of the founders of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, and of the Leeds Mechanics' Institution, to both of which he gave large donations. To the poor he was a most bountiful benefactor, both at Leeds and at Armley ; and to the numerous persons in his employment he was a generous and kind master, many of them having spent a lifetime in his service, and not a few having received liberal pensions on their superannuation. Mr. Gott's health had lately somewhat declined ; but on the Sunday preceding his death he was well enough to attend St. James's church, on the occasion of the Bishop of Bipon (now the Archbishop of Canterbury) preaching for a charitable purpose. That evening, however, he became ill, and a spasmodic attack ensuing, he sunk under its effects on the Friday following. His funeral on the 21st presented a scene which evinced a melancholy but gratifying evidence of the universal esteem in which his character was held. The principal gentry attended, amongst whom were the Messrs. Christopher and William Beckett, Dr. Hook (vicar of Leeds), Mr. J. Blayds, and Mr. W. Hey, &c. All the manu- facturers at Armley suspended their works; the shops were closed, and Armley church was filled by a large and respectable company, dressed in mourning. One of the most affecting incidents was the appearance of the twelve inmates of the character, and a fine taste. He also possessed munificent liberality, great public spirit, perfect uprightness and independence, and an amiable disposi- tion. No man was ever more regarded or esteemed in his circle than Mr. Gott ; and no man ever more truly deserved the love and esteem of his fellow- men. As a husband, father, friend, and neighbour, his conduct was an example to all around him ; his numerous workpeople especially lamented his death, for to them he was always a liberal master. A warm friend to Church and State, his munificence on all public occasions kept pace with his ample means ; and in him the Conservatives of the borough of Leeds, and of the West-Riding generally, lost a man who was on all occasions ready to prove the sincerity of his professions by pecuniary contributions, princely in their amount, but given, nevertheless, without ostentation, without wishing to be deemed either patron or leader. —See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c. , for Feb. , 1840. BENJAMIN GOTT, ESQ. 379 almshouses, endowed a few years before by the munificence of the deceased. We have only sketched a faint outline of the qualities which adorned the life of this estimable man. His understanding was vigorous ; his mind, either in the study of books or men, was ever acquiring fresh stores of knowledge. His mansion at Armley, and his collection of pictures and books, testified his taste and pursuits. He was well known to the most enlightened men of his day, and ranked amongst his friends, Rennie, Watt, and Chantrey. In domestic life he sustained all its relations with undeviating kindness and integrity. Mr. Gott left two sons and six daughters, all of whom, except one, have been married, but two are widows. He was also mayor of Leeds in 1799 ; and his death was deeply and universally deplored. In the church dedicated to St. Bartholomew, at Armley, there is a beautiful piece of statuary erected in memory of the deceased, executed by Joseph Gott, Esq., of Rome. It represents the deceased gentleman (life size) reclining on a mattress, in a posture of deep meditation. At the basement is the following inscription : — " This monument is erected in memory of Benjamin Gott, Esq., of Armley House. Endowed with talents to dignify every relation of life, he maintained, with inflexible uprightness, the character of a merchant ; with impartial justice, the office of a magistrate ; and with unshaken confidence, the warmth of friendship. Always ready to promote the welfare of Leeds, and the advo- cate of its literary, scientific, and charitable institutions, which found in him a judicious adviser and generous patron. Under the gifts of health and prosperity, and length of days, he exhibited the powers of divine grace in the pure benevolence and holy principles by which he sought to shape his conduct ; and relying for salvation only on the merits of his Redeemer, he calmly resigned his soul into the hands of a merciful Creator, on the 14th of February, 1840, in the seventy-eighth year of his age."* His bust, in beautiful marble, placed upon a pedestal, executed by Mr. J. Gott, of Rome, was presented to the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, in May, 1856, * ON THE DEATH OF BENJAMIN GOTT, ESQ. "Why do ye weep? Because the righteous dead His heavenly rest hath won? Is it well done That ye should sigh and mourn, When, like the ripen' d ear of fruitful com, The stalk hath wither'd, and the fruit is found Safely transplanted to immortal ground? 380 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. by his sons, John and "William Gott, Esqs., to commemorate the great interest which was taken by the deceased gentleman in the early foundation and subsequent success of the society. — See the Gentleman's Magazine for March, 1840, p. 323 ; the Leeds Papers; Schroeder's and Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c. 1763-1840. GEOEGE BEIDGES, ESQ., M.P., Formerly of Leeds, afterwards sheriff, alderman, and lord mayor of London, and also one of the members of parliament for the city, died at Brighton, March 13th, 1840, in his seventy- eighth year. The celebrity of the city of London naturally confers a distinction and an eminence upon all those to whom are intrusted the conservation of her privileges and the adminis- tration of her laws; and the public attention and regard are consequently in a peculiar degree attracted to the chief officer of the first city in the world. The gentleman whose Sketch is here given, for many years, both as a merchant and a magistrate, sustained the respectability and advanced the interests of the great metropolis ; and we feel much pleasure in adding his name to the long list of those whom this book contains, as deserving the gratitude and honoured with the confidence of their fellow-citizens. Alderman Bridges, whose immediate "For the blest, holy dead Sorrow ye not ; A goodly heritage, A favour'd lot Was his, while living ; for his God had spread Earth's treasures at his feet ; yet more, had shed His holier, brighter gifts around his soul, Earnests of glory ere he reached the goal. "Ye may not weep ; Gird up your loins, and run Your glorious race : The crown that he hath won Waits for each conqu'ror of the world and sin, Oh ! beautiful and blest abode : ' Within My Father's house are many mansions,' said Our Life, the Resurrection from the dead. "Burn not your hearts? JDo not your souls aspire After all holy things ? Shall covetous desire Clog and retard our progress to the skies ? Oh ! Thou who did'st obtain the mighty prize For fallen man, into our souls distil Such bright transforming grace, that every will In meek submission may to Thine be boVd ! " —From the Leeds Intelligencer for March, 1840. GEORGE BRIDGES, ESQ., M.P. 381 ancestors were more distinguished for worthiness of character than for extent of property, passed the earlier years of his life under the tuition of the Eev. William Downhani, at Salua (Salton), in Yorkshire, whence he was removed to Bipon, and afterwards finished his education during a more lengthened stay at Leeds.'"" On Mr. Bridges' arrival in London, he had the hope of getting a situation in the public employment; but his expectation not being realized, he soon afterwards entered into the counting-house of Messrs. "Watson and Rashleigh (afterwards Sir Brook Watson, commissary-general), where he continued until he went into business on Ins own account, with the marked approbation of his employers — thus becoming the architect of his own fame and fortune, and laying with his own hands the foundation of that eminence which he afterwards so worthily acquired. On the resignation of William Jacob, Esq., as alderman of Lime Street ward, in 1811, Mi*. Bridges was chosen his successor; and in 1816-17 served the office of sheriff of London and Middlesex, in conjunction with Robert Kirby, Esq., during the second mayoralty of Mr. Alderman Wood, when their excellent conduct in the shrievalty was rewarded with the unanimous votes of thanks of the Courts of Aldermen and Common Council, and of the livery in Common Hall. On his regular succession to the civic chair, in 1819, Mr. Bridges' election to the high station of lord mayor was opposed, in the same manner that Aldermen C. Smith and Atkins had been in the two years preceding. A poll, however, was demanded, which continued open during the usual time, when he was returned didy elected by the vast majority of 964, over the highest opposition candidate. A dissolution of parliament occiuTing on the accession of George IV., during the early part of Mr. Bridges' mayoralty, his lordship, at the earnest sugges- tion of his friends, became a candidate for the city, when, after a most severe struggle, he was elected one of the four sitting members; as, though comparatively unknown in public, the excellence of his private character proved superior to all the political partisanship which opposed him; and from the second day's poll until the close, he kept considerably above his more immediate opponent. "The purest treasure mortal times afford Is spotless reputation."— Shakspbabb, The ancient hospitality of the city of London was never more * According to the Leeds Intelligencer, he was a native of Leeds, who, much to his honour, elevated himself from a very humble to a very exalted rank in society. 382 BIOGBAPHIA LEODIENSIS. liberally sustained than by Lord Mayor Bridges; and it will be a sufficient memorial to distinguish his lordship's exertions for the public good, to state that the "Refuge for the Houseless and Destitute," in the winter of 1819, was planned, perfected, and carried into effect, principally through the prompt benevolence and active and munificent assistance of Alderman Bridges.'"' His lordship retired from his high office, followed by the ju-ayers and blessings of the poor whom he had relieved and succoured, accompanied by the gratitude of all who could duly appreciate his valuable services, attended by the friendship of those whose friendship was most desirable; and, what was far more gratifying than even all these, rewarded with the approving plaudit of that "still small voice" which told him from his own bosom that he had done Ins duty. The worthy alderman married Miss Delamaine, of East Acton, by whom he had two sons. In taking leave of him, it may be added that in the hist of her worthiest chief magistrates, the city of London must ever record the name of Bridges. — See the Leeds Papers; the Gentleman's Magazine, &c. ; and for a portrait, &c, of the Bight Hon. George Bridges, M.B., &c, lord mayor of London, 1819-20, engraved by J. Thomson, from an original painting by Samuel Drurn- mond, Esq., A.R.A., see the European Magazine for November, 1820, p. 385, &c. 1769—1841. CHAELES CAKE, ESQ., M.D., Succeeded Dr. Davison, in the year 1810, as physician to the Leeds General Infirmary, and the same year was elected physician of the House of Recovery, in this town. After * In a mayoralty, however, during which party spirit unfortunately ran so high, and in which such unexpected and important events agitated the public mind, it was impossible that any conduct on the part of any chief magistrate eoidd be alike gratifying to all classes of his constituents ; but while secure of the suffrages of the wise, the loyal, and the good; while discharging his numerous duties with impartiality and uprightness, the opinion of others is of comparatively trifling importance; and while claiming for Lord Mayor Bridges the proud distinction of having acted thus — of having maintained the honour of his sovereign, promoted the welfare of his fellow-subjects, and supported the fame and interests of our great metropolis — we are satisfied that all would concede to him the merit of having been swayed only hy the dictates of his conscience, and having been governed by no motives save those which God and nature have implanted in every honest heart. The well- deserved vote of thanks, indeed, from the gentlemen of his lordship's house- hold, presented at the farewell dinner on the 8th of November, 1820, spoke infinitely more than any eulogy ; the more especially from its being a compli- ment so perfectly unprecedented, except in the solitary instances of Alderman Kirmersley and Sir James Shaw, and as proceeding from those who were so well able to appreciate that kindness, hospitality, and benevolence, for which they thus recorded their acknowledgments and their esteem. T. S. B. KEADE, ESQ. 383 faithfully discharging the important duties of these institutions for a period of fifteen years, Dr. Carr was compelled, by delicacy of health, to retire from the active engagements of his profes- sion. Few persons quitted the scene of their public labours more universally regretted. To the poor he was uniformly kind and affable — ever ready to lend a patient ear to their complaints; and whilst his sympathizing manner won their affections, the skilful exercise of a hisrhlv cultivated mind alleviated their pains. His private life was equally estimable, and in him was truly exemplified the Christian gentleman. He died on Satur- day, January 9 th, 1841, aged seventy-two years, at his residence, Knowsthorpe House, near Leeds. Mrs. Carr, his widow, at her death, left legacies to the Leeds Infirmary, £500; the Leeds Public Dispensary, £100; the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, £100; the Leeds District Christian Knowledge Associa- tion, £100; St. Peters Parochial Sunday Schools, £100; St, Peter's (Bank) School, £100; National Schools, Leeds, £100; the Leeds House of Recovery, £100. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. 1777—1841. T. S. B. READE, ESQ., A pious author, who died on Monday, April 12th, 1841, at his house in Park Place, Leeds, in his sixty-fifth year. For the consolation of his many friends, who deeply mourned his loss, he gave, during his last illness, the following brief record of his Christian experience: — "I enjoy communion and fellowship with God, and with his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, who hath forgiven me all my trespasses,, and sealed me to his eternal kingdom and glory. How delightful is a full assurance /" He died, as he lived, in perfect charity with all men, and at peace with God. " Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace."* Mr. Beade was the author * The following tribute to the memory of this very estimable gentleman was inserted among the minutes of the Leeds Auxiliary Bible Society : — " The committee of the Leeds Auxiliary Bible Society, at their first monthly meeting since the decease of their late excellent colleague, T. S. B. lleade, Esq., while they desire to bow in humble resignation to the divine will, cannot refrain from the expression and record of their deep and sincere regret, tinder a sense of the loss which they, and the society on whose behalf they act, have sustained by his lamented removal. From the formation of this society, in which he took an active part, on the 25th October, 1809, down to the latest period of his existence, their beloved friend has maiiit; ined a steady and consistent adherence to the comprehensive basis and liberal principles on which the British and Foreign Bible Society, and its numerous auxiliaries, are founded; and amidst all the defections from its ranks which that society has had to deplore, and all the unprovoked and undeserved obloquy and hostility it has had to encounter, his attachment to it has never ;',S [ BI0GRAPH1A LEODIENSIS. of two excellent works, entitled Christian Retirement and Christian Experience; and there was published soon after his death Christian Meditations ; or, The Believer's Companion in Solitude. — See the Leeds Papers, &c., for April, 1841. 1773—1841. MR WILLIAM DAWSON, A celebrated local preacher amongst the Wesleyans, commonly called " the Yorkshire farmer," and deemed the Shakspeare of the Wesleyan pulpit, died July 4th, 1841, aged sixty-eight years. He was born on the 30th of March, 1773, at Garforth, near Leeds, and was the eldest child of Luke and Ann Dawson. His father was a small farmer, and colliery-steward to Sir Thomas Gascoigne.* He was blessed with a pious mother, from been shaken, nor has he ever shrunk from the candid and open, the gentle yet firm and uncompromising avowal of it. The spirit of that divine book which he loved so well and laboured so assiduously to disseminate, was emi- nently and beautifully manifested throughout the life of their late estimable associate, and its consolations and supports were graciously afforded to cheer the Christian retirement and the closing scenes of his hallowed and much- honoured course. Mr. Reade was one of the ten gentlemen, of various Chris- tian denominations, who formed the first committee of this Auxiliary Society. He has continued in the same relation during all the yeai*s which have suc- ceeded, rarely absent from its meetings and ever alive to its interests. While in the office of Bible secretary, he has with most exemplary punctuality ami fidelity contributed greatly to the efficiency and usefulness of the institution. "With a mournful pleasure this committee cherish the memory of his many Christian excellences and invaluable services. May his bright example stimulate the friends of the Bible Society to similar zeal and devotedness for the attainment of those great and glorious objects which it is so laudably prosecuting, and which so powerfully commended themselves to his truly pious and enlightened mind. Committee-room of the Leeds Auxiliary Bible Society, May 5th, 1841." — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c. * The family of Gascoigne is one of great antiquity (in this part of the country ), and acquired the estate of Gawthorp at a very early period, iu mar- riage with the daughter and co-heir of John de Gawthorp. The senior line, derived from Sir William Gascoigne, the celebrated chief-justice of the reign of Henry IV. (for a Sketch of whom see p. 70, &c), terminated in an heiress, Margaret, wife of Thomas Went worth, Esq., of Wentworth Wood House, grandfather of Thomas, first Earl of Strafford. The next branch, the Gas- coignes, of Thorpe-on-the-Hill, near Leeds, sprung from a second son of the Gawthorp family. The co-heiresses were Margery, wife of Henry Proctor, Esq., of New Hall, near Otley, and Eleanor, wife of Arthur Ingram, Esq. (of Temple Newsam, near Leeds), groom of the privy chamber to Charles II. The Gascoignes, of Parlington, near Leeds, derived their descent from Nicholas Gascoigne, of Lasingcroft, younger brother of the chief -justice, and were raised to the baronetcy of Scotland by King Charles I. , in the person of Sir John Gascoigne, of Parlington. (See Burke's Extinct Baronetage; Jones's History of Harewood, &c. ) The last baronet, Sir Thomas Gascoigne, married Mary, daughter of James Shuttleworth, Esq., of Forcet, and widow of Sir Charles Turner, Bart., of Kirkleatham, in the county of York, by whom he had an only child, Thomas, who died October 20th, 1809. Sir Thomas died February 11th, 1810, and leaving no issue, devised his estates in trust for Mr. and Mrs. Oliver (his step-daughter), for their lives, with MR. WILLIAM DAWSON. 385 whom he received his first religious impressions. From his ear- liest youth up to the age of twenty, he regularly attended the church at Barwick-in-Elmet, under the ministry of the Rev. Thomas Dykes, of Hull, and the Rev. John Graham, of York, both of whom officiated at Barwick in early life; and although he for some time continued to attend the services of the Church, he gradually got in with the Wesleyans, until at length he became a local preacher amongst them. At the beginning of the nineteenth century he had fairly entered upon his work of preaching. In addition to his arduous secular avocations as a farmer, he was most laborious in performing his religious duties. It was not unusual for him to be sowing seed, stacking corn, clipping sheep, &c, on the same day that he was opening a chapel, and attending missionary meetings. He was entered on the Wesleyan plan for the year 1801. From the first he was an attractive preacher, and in much requisition both at Leeds and other places in Yorkshire. He preached in 1825 the opening services of Brunswick chapel, Leeds. The anxiety to gain the services of Mr. Dawson became very great; wherever he preached the places of worship were crowded to excess, so that at times he had to preach in the open air, so as to accom- modate those who could not gain access to the chapel. In February, 1836, a pi'oject was started in Brunswick chapel for raising by voluntary subscriptions an annuity for Mr. Dawson, so that he might devote the whole of his time to the Wesleyan missions; ultimately £2,000 were raised, with which an annuity of £150, and £30 to his brother in case he should survive, was provided, the condition being that he was to devote six months of the year to the missionary cause, leaving him to employ the remainder to their sons (of whom two were born before Sir Thomas's death), and then to their daughters in tail. Under this settlement, Mr. Oliver, who was eldest son of the Right Hon. Silver Oliver, of Castle Oliver, in the county of Limerick, assumed the surname and arms of Gascoigne, and became Richard Oliver Gascoigne, Esq., of Partington, near Leeds. He married Miss Turner, daughter of Sir Charles Turner, Bart. , of Kirkleatham, by Mary, his wife, daughter of James Shuttleworth, Esq., and subsequently wife of the above Sir Thomas Gascoigne, Bart., and by her, who died about the year 1815, had issue— Thomas Oliver, died, unmarried, April 24th, 1842; Richard Silver, died, unmarried, December 25th, 1842; Mary Isabella Oliver, and Elizabeth Oliver, now of Partington. Mr. R. O. Gascoigne, who served as high-sheriff of Yorkshire about the year 1831, died April 14th, 1843, and was succeeded by his two (laughters as co-heiresses. The elder, Mary Isabella Oliver Gascoigne, married, January lGth, 1850, Frederick Charles Trench, Esq., who assumed, on his marriage, the additional surname and arms of Gascoigno, now (1864-5) high-sheriff of Yorkshire and colonel of the Leeds volunteer engineers, and has a son and heir, born July 4th, 1851. The younger, Elizabeth, married, February 10th, 1852, Frederick Mason, Lord Ashtown, &c. — See Burke's Landed Gentry; the Gentleman's Magazine, &c. B B 38G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENS1S. other six as he might think fit. He then gave up his farm, and came to reside at No. 6, Springfield Terrace, Burmantofts, Leeds. On the 30th of March, 1840, he left Leeds for Liver- pool, and set sail for Ireland on April 1st, to exercise his mis- sionary labours. On his return he travelled in the south of England, but was not permitted much longer to prosecute his religious work. On the 3rd of July, 1841, he left Leeds for Colne, in Lancashire, where he died very suddenly about two o'clock on the following morning, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. He was intei-red at Barwick-in-Elmet. As a preacher he was most impressive, " eccentric in a high degree, and when he preached, strong convulsions rocked alike the pulpit and the pew. A wonderful variety of cadences; alternately rolling with the thunder, and flashing with the lightning ; exhibiting the lion and the lamb in the same discourse," being the last who spoke in the strain of " olden times" in Methodism. In 1854 a very neat tablet in memory of the deceased, erected by Mr. Dennis Lee, was placed in St. Peter's Wesleyan chapel, Leeds, with an appropriate inscription.* — For additional information, see the Life of William Dawson, by James Everett, published in 1842; the Leeds Papers, &c. * Mr. Dawson belonged to that valuable class of men, the strength and glory of our land, the yeomanry of England, and in his character he was a fine specimen of its heart-of-oak-like strength and steadiness, its high sense of honour, and its fearless independence. He had likewise a heart formed for wami and lasting attachments, which were fixed on the enduring basis of Christian principle and feeling — few men, indeed, within the limits of our sea-girt isle, could boast of as numerous a circle of firmly attached friends. As a preacher of the Gospel, there was a remarkable correspondence between his situation in life and the character of his truly original and effective min- istry. In early life he had some thoughts of taking holy orders in the Estab- lished Church, of which he always spoke in kindly and respectful terms, and in which sphere he could not have failed to have occupied a useful and distinguished place ; looking, however, at his peculiar turn of mind and of talent, in choosing to become a local preacher in the Methodist Connexion the great probability is that he followed the leadings of that Providence, the guiding-hand of which was likewise apparent in the sphere of action which was provided for him in Leeds and the neighbourhood. The congregations which were thus supplied to him, both in respect of members and character, being admirably suited to his peculiar talents. His theological style was quite of the John Bunyan order, yet he was no servile imitator — his mind and genius were strongly marked out by their own peculiar features. His theology itself was at once richly evangelical and solidly discriminating, so that the excursions of his imagination were, for the most part, directed into right and profitable channels ; it might, indeed, occasionally put forth a luxuriance which well-informed and judicious hearers could not entirely approve ; but his pulpit materials, copious and striking as they were, would be generally recognized as conformable in their leading mould to scriptural principle and taste ; while his preaching, thus distinguished, was ofttimes a chosen instrument for the signal manifestations of the power of God in accomplishing the great objects of the Christian ministry. The system of WILLIAM ROBINSON, ESQ. 387 1799-1839. WILLIAM ROBINSON, ESQ., Artist, was bom at Leeds, in 1799. His first years were passed at school, where he was found a most refractoiy pupil ; and to the annoyance of his tutor, he always preferred the pencil to his books or pen; constantly bargaining with the boys to draw pictures, while they worked his sums. All means being found ineffectual to deter Lini from his favourite study, at an early age he was removed froni school only to meet greater difficulties in the pursuit of the art he loved. His father, being a stern man of decidedly practical views, saw nothing in his son's taste that was likely to conduce to his future advancement, and deter- mined to annihilate every effort contrary to his wishes. Things now began to wear a desperate aspect, when young Robinson, with that energy and self-reliance ever the characteristics of genius, determined to throw aside all paternal authority, and stand upon his own responsibility ; accordingly he set out to seek a master, and at length found a clock-dial enameller, to whom his father very reluctantly bound him apprentice. He now worked early and late to procure pocket-money to purchase materials for drawing; these he stealthily conveyed to his garret, and secreted in an old band-box. After the household had retired to rest, a thick tallow candle was produced from its hiding-place; and then, to use Etty's words, " he Lit his lamp at both ends of the day," and laboured through the long midnight, with untiring zeal. The term of his apprenticeship over, Mr. Robinson left his master, and received lessons in landscape missionary meetings also, which arose in his days, had for many years the advantage of his vigorous and effective exertions, and some of his addresses on those occasions were long remembered as exhibiting, in a high degree, originality of conception and strength of native genius. It is not surprising, therefore, that he was much devoted to this description of service during the last years of his honoured and useful life. In his death, therefore, the great Wesleyan body felt that they had sustained a loss which might not soon be repaired, and that " a prince and a great man had fallen in their Israel." The duty of consigning his mortal remains to the tomb was performed by the Rev". "W. H. Eathurst, the rector, at the parish church of the village where he formerly resided, in the presence of an immense concourse of people, princi- pally connected with the religious society of which he was so distinguished a member. The funeral procession was composed of ministers and office- bearers in the Methodist Society, walking six abreast ; gentlemen on horse- back; the hearse; three mourning coaches; followed by (it was computed) sixty-eight carriages of different descriptions, all of which were filled by parties anxious to manifest their high respect for the memory of the deceased. In addition to the numbers already enumerated, several thousand individuals followed, the procession for a considerable distance, who would gladly have been witnesses of the funeral ceremony if it had taken place within a shorter distance of his residence. —See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for July, 1841. 3§g BIOGRArHIA LEODIENSIS. painting from Mr. Rhodes, sen., of Leeds (who died in 1855); but feeling this branch of art was not the one in which his peculiar excellence lay, he commenced portrait painting, making use of every facility his native town afforded for improvement. By strict economy he was shortly in possession of a sufficient sum to take him to London, and he set out for the metropolis in 1820. Introductions had been furnished him to Sir T. Lawrence, who received him with a kindness that made a lasting impression on Mr. Robinson, and to which he always bore testimony with feelings of gratitude. He now became a pupil of Sir Thomas's, who, with a noble generosity, declined anv remuneration; and at various times employed Mr. Robinson to "work upon his own pictures. Sir Thomas Lawrence gave him an introduction to Mr. Fuseli, who, esteeming his work sufficiently meritorious, admitted him as a student in the Royal Academy. The climax of his high aspirings and ambitious hopes was now realized, and with a zealous heart and willing hand he laboured with new energy in the mart of his high calling. In 1823-4, Mr. Robinson had returned to his native town where his talents soon found him a lucrative practice and distinguished patronage. His portrait of the late Mr. M. T. Sadler, M.P., first gained him celebrity, and to Mr. Sadler's efforts Mr. Robinson owed much of his early practice. Amongst his first patrons we may name W. Beckett, Esq., M.P., to whom, we believe, Mr. Robinson was indebted for his introduc- tion to Lord Grantham, the late Earl de Grey. This noble- man, from the day of Mr. Robinson's introduction to his death, manifested great interest in his professional career. Earl de Grey honoured him by sitting for two portraits — one in his peer's robes, and the other as colonel of the Yorkshire Hussars. These pictures were afterwards engraved. At subsequent periods he painted the whole of Lord de Grey's family, Lady de Grey excepted; as well as the portrait of the late Earl of Enniskillen, brother to Lady de Grey. He was also employed by the noble earl to copy, from various masters, other distin- guished members of his lordship's family. About this period a subscription was raised among the members of the United Service Club for the purpose of procuring portraits of several distinguished individuals. The committee, through Earl de Grey's interest, deputed Mr. Robinson to paint four of these pictures — one a portrait of the late Duke of Wellington. The duke had been so frequently asked to sit, that the members of the committee to whom the management was confided did not feel themselves warranted in requesting such a favour, and it WILLIAM ROBINSON, ESQ. 389 was resolved that a copy of the head and face, from some acknowledged portrait by Sir T. Lawrence, should be made, but that the duke should be respectfully solicited for the use of his sword, glass, and cloak, &c, so that there might be as much originality in the picture as possible. A three-quarter portrait by Lawrence, belonging to the late Mr. Arbuthnot, was lent for the head, and one of the committee was commissioned to speak to the duke, and request the use of the appointments alluded to. When the circumstances were made known to him he assented immediately, and, with the greatest good-humour, said " he would give as many sittings as might be necessary to make the picture an original." This offer was gratefully accepted, and the picture having been as much advanced as possible, the duke gave the sittings required.* The other portraits painted by Mr. Robinson for the United Service Club were one of Lord Nelson, after Hoppner's picture in Greenwich Hospital; George III., after Sir W. Beechy; and Sir John Moore, made into a full-length from a half-length by Lawrence. About this time Mr. Robinson was introduced, through the late Countess de Grey's generous influence, to some members of the royal family, and had the distinguished honour to paint the portrait * He (the duke) ordered that the cloak should be sent, but the sword was missing, and nowhere to be found. It was one with a very peculiar sdver hilt that had been mounted in India, and which he afterwards very generally wore during the whole of the Peninsular war, and for which he had a parti- cular value. It had been painted in the picture, by Lawrence, belonging to Sir R. Peel. A hasty sketch of the sword was made from memory, in order to convey to the artist some idea of its peculiar shape. As has been men- tioned above, Mr. Robinson had been occasionally employed by Sir Thomas Lawrence, and still had some acquaintance with the person who had been his servant. As this chance (remote as it was) of learning something about the sword thus offered itself, Mr. Robinson took the pencil-sketch to the man, who said "there was a large number of swords, canes, whips, parasols, &c, unreclaimed, which were still collected, and were to be sold with various effects in a short time." They visited the store, and from the sketch identified the very sward, which had never been sent back to the duke, who was not aware of its loss, and totally ignorant of where it was ; and as it had no name, or cipher, or ticket attached to it, it was utterly unknown and unnoticed, and would have been sold by auction without comment or observation, in a very few weeks, had it not been for this fortunate circumstance. Application was immediately made to the executor, and the sword was returned to the duke, very much to his surprise and gratification, at his last sitting. — This Sketch ought properly to have been inserted a little earlier, as well as the following : —Charles Henry Hchwanf elder, Esq., artist, of East Parade, Leeds, died in London, July 9th, 1837, in his sixty-fourth year, deeply regretted. His talent as an animal painter was considerable, aud lie had few, if any, competitors in his day in that branch of the art. "VVe believe that he regarded tins as his special and favourite study ; but his genius was, perhaps, more eminently exemplified in landscape, and his later productions in this department com- prise many admirable pictures, &c— We should like to see the Leeds Academy of Arts again revived ; or, at least, the annual exhibitions. 390 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of Her Royal Highness the late Princess Sophia ; he also copied for the Duchess of Gloucester a portrait of the late Duke of York. It would be useless to attempt, in a brief Memoir bike this, any enumeration of Mr. Robinson's numerous works; neither is it required. It is sufficient to know that he was an example, out of many, who have risen by their own self-sus- tained energies through trials and disappointments to a position which is ever the reward of those who persevere to the end. In disposition Mr. Robinson was extremely affectionate, and his maimers were modest and unassuming. He died at his residence, in Leeds, at the early age of thirty-nine years, of decline, in August, 1839, leaving a family of young children unprovided for, but who now hold honourable positions in life; and one of the daughters practises, with some success, her father's profession. — See the Art-Journal for January, 1853, &c. 1767—1841. THE SECOND EARL OF HAREWOOD, Lord-lieutenant of the West-Riding of Yorkshire, &c, died sud- denly, when out hunting,* at Bramham, near Leeds, November 24th, 1841, in his seventy-fourth year.t His lordship was born on Christmas day, 1767, the second son of Edward the first * The death of this nobleman, who was universally admired and respected as a splendid specimen of the " fine old English gentleman," took place under circumstances peculiarly distressing to the family, and which excited the deepest regret throughout the county. On the day of this melancholy event, his lordship, who was ardently attached to the pleasures of the chase, accompanied the hounds, apparently in his usual health, and after a run of no great duration, he remained on horseback a considerable time, watching the proceedings of some men who were engaged in drawing a fox that had "taken to earth." This protracted exposure to cold produced so serious an effect, by aggravating, in all probability, the symptoms of a very painful disorder under which he had long suffered, and for wbicb, some time previ- ously, he had undergone an operation in London, that after leaving the place, and alighting from his horse at a short distance, he fell to the ground in a fainting state, and almost immediately expired! The appalling suddenness of the event, and its occurrence just before the festive season of Christmas, when it was the custom of the noble earl to be surrounded by a family circle, including the whole of his grandchildren, diffused a deep gloom throughout the neighbourhood, and of course put an end to the usual rejoicings. + The remains of his lordship, followed by a long train of noblemen and gentlemen, were borne to Harewood church on the shoulders of a number of his tenantry, and deposited in the family vault amidst the sincere grief of all who could appreciate genuine worth. The funeral service was read by the Rev. Richard Newlove, vicar of Thorn er, his lordship's domestic chaplain. The day was extremely unfavourable, the rain falling heavily ; but this did not prevent the attendance of a large number of persons from Leeds and other places, who, if their object was to witness the pomp and circumstance that often attend the obsequies of the wealthy and the great, must have been disappointed, as nothing could be more simple and unostentatious than all the arrangements on this occasion. THE SECOND EARL OF HAREWOOD. 391 earl, by Anne, daughter of William Chaloner, Esq. Although from his early youth strongly attached to a country life, he had, throughout his long career, taken a prominent part in public affairs. At the general election of 1796 he succeeded Henry Duncombe, Esq., as one of the nierabers for Yorkshire; his elder brother, Edward, Viscount Lascelles, having already a seat in parliament for Northallerton. He was a frequent speaker in the House, and in 1802 he seconded the motion for the election of Mr. Speaker Abbot. He moved, on the 27th January, 1806, the address for a public funeral of Mr. Pitt; and a few days after, the grant of .£40,000 to pay the debts of that illustrious man. He was ever a staunch friend of the Pitt Club, and presided occasionally at the anniversary dinner. He had been re-elected for Yorkshire in 1802; but in 1806 it was judged expedient that he should give way to the Whig candi- date, Mr. Walter Fawkes. At the general election in the fol- lowing year occurred the memorable contest for Yorkshire, the first that had been attempted for sixty-six years. The other candidates were the late Mr. Wilberforce, in the Tory interest, and the second Earl Fitzwilliam, then Lord Milton, in that of the Whig. The struggle lasted for fifteen days, when Mr. Lascelles was beaten by a small majority; the numbers being — for Mr. Wilberforce, 11,806; Lord Milton, 11,177; Hon. H. Lascelles, 10,989.* Mr. Lascelles shortly after came into parliament for the borough of Westbury. In October, 1812, he was elected for Pontefract. On the 11th of the same month, Mr. Wilber- force having retired, he was elected for the county of York, by the unsolicited suffrages of the freeholders, having Lord Milton for his colleague. He withdrew from the representation of the county at the general election of 1818, and on the 2nd of June in that year he was chosen for Northallerton. He succeeded to the earldom in 1820. His parliamentary services as a commoner were of the most effective kind; for, independently of Ins just influence with the Government of the day, his attention to busi- ness was unremitting, and the soundness of his judgment was as his industry. He moved in 1814 the congratulatory address to the Prince Regent on the peace with France. On the death of his eldest brother, on the 4th of June in that year, he assumed the title of Viscount Lascelles. In 1819, when the second Earl Fitzwilliam was deprived of the lord-lieutenancy of the West- Riding, on account of partisan politics, the Earl of Harewood * For a long account of this celebrated contest, unparalleled for the excite- ment and profuse expenditure of money which ii occasioned, &c, see the Leeds Papers for May, 1807; Mayhall'a AnnaU of Leeds, p. 21f Rome), of the late John Marshall, Esq., was presented to Hie Leeds Philo- sophical and Literary Society by his sons; for an engraving of which, with some additional particulars, see the Illustrated Loudon News for June, 1845. 41 G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. In the Philosophical and Literary Society of the town he took a prominent part. He was elected physician to the Leeds General Infirmary and the House of Recovery; lectured at the Leeds School of Medicine, which he assisted to form, and for a time was co-editor of the North of England Medical and Surgical Journal. He was also one of her Majesty's justices of the peace for the borough of Leeds and the West-Riding of Yorkshire. In every public capacity he maintained the same dignified and gentlemanlike deportment, and fulfilled his duties with the same conscientious rectitude. The failure of his health induced him, though very reluctantly, to retire from practice, and to take up his abode at Stretton Hall, near Chester, where he was extensively useful to the poor. The loss of his only child, in the preceding June, preyed severely on his mind, and gave a shock to his already enfeebled health from which he never recovered. He was removed to Brighton about three weeks before his death. There his strength entirely gave way, and he died without pain after one day's confinement to bed. In this neighbourhood, and wherever he was known, his loss was deeply lamented. He was an ornament to his profession, to his party, and to society. — See the Leeds Papers, especially the Mercury, for November, 1845. 1782-1846* THOMAS BENSON PEASE, ESQ., Alderman, &c, of Chapel- All erton Hall, near Leeds, died sud- denly, May 23rd, 1846, in his sixty-fourth year. Mr. Pease had retired to rest apparently in the full enjoyment of his usual excellent health, but on his manservant going to his room between seven and eight o'clock on Sunday morning he was found quite dead, though lying in the attitude of calm and natural sleep. Prom the fact that the body was nearly cold, it was apparent that life had become extinct several hours pre- viously. On a post mortem examination, Mr. Teale, surgeon, discovered that the cause of death was considerable ossification of a portion of the heart. This very unexpected and mournful event caused a great sensation in the town and neighbourhood, * —1846. Mr. Jonathan Shackleton, a member of the Society of Friends, died at Holbeck, near Leeds, August 5th, 1846, in his sixty -fifth year. He was an active and efficient member of the Leeds Town CouncU, and much respected by his colleagues. He was also a true philanthropist, being ever ready to aid any institution which had for its object the general good of man- kind. A lasting monument of his perseverance and zeal may be found in the establishment of Zion School, New Wortley, of which he was the prin- cipal promoter and most liberal subscriber. His death was long felt to be a public loss. — See the Leeds Mercury for August, 1846. GRIFFITH WRIGHT, ESQ. 417 where Mr. Pease was universally esteemed for the kindness of his disposition and the frank affability and bonhomie of his manners, as well as for the unexceptionable manner in which he fulfilled the social duties of life as a man and as a citizen. Though much mixed up in municipal and other public affairs, and feeling a warm interest in political questions, he was altogether free from aspei'ity and bitterness, and his personal demeanour was ever conciliatory and obliging. Mr. Pease was a native of Darlington, and came to Leeds in the year 1802. In conjunc- tion with his brother, William Aldam, Esq. (who took the name of Aldam on inheriting the estate at Warmsworth, near Doncaster, where he afterwards resided), he was for many years a principal member of one of our first mercantile firms, that of Aldam, Pease, and Co., of which, on Mr. Aldam's retirement, he became the head, under the style of "Pease, Heaton, and Co." The deceased was, of course, the uncle of Mr. William Aldam, jun., at that time M.P. for Leeds. Mr. Pease had been, with very little interruption, a member of the Corporation of Leeds since the passing of the Municipal Reform Act, and for several years an alderman of the borough. He gave up much time to the important committees of council of which he was a member, but declined the more public honours of the mayoralty and magisti'acy. Mr. Pease left considerable landed estates in this county and the adjoining county of Durham. His only son was travelling in the south of Europe at the time of his father's death. Mr. Pease was a member of the Society of Friends, as were also his ancestors for several generations. His remains were interred in the family vault at the cemeteiy, Woodhouse Laue, Leeds. This brief Sketch has been kindly revised by his son, Thomas Pease, Esq., now of Henbury Hill, near Bristol. — See the Leeds Papers, ifcc, for May, 181G. 1784—1846.* GRIFFITH WEIGHT, ESQ., A magistrate of the borough of Leeds, and the last mayor under the old corporation (1834—5), died at Harehills, near * — 1845. For a Sketch of Thomas Hamilton, Esq., an eminent solicitor, of the firm of Few, Hamilton, and Fews, London, who was articled to Messrs. Upton and Co., of Leeds, and died in February, 1845, see tbe Law Times; the Leeds Intelligencer for March 8th, 1845, &c. — 1845. For a Sketch of Sir Thomas Potter, M.P., of Manchester, who was born near Tadcaster, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c., for April 5th, 1845. — 1845. For a Sketch of Anthony Titley, Esq., of "Wortley Lodge, near Leeds; a magistrate of this town; senior partner in the firm of Titley, Tatham, and Walker, see the Leeds Intelligencer for May 24th, 1845. r d 418 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Leeds, November 18tb, 1846. He was twice on the commission of peace for Leeds. He was also one of the patrons of the Leeds vicai'age, a trustee of the Leeds Grammar School and of the Pious Use Property. In all these capacities he was remark- able for Ids assiduity to public business. The Leeds Intelligencer was established by his grandfather, Mr. Griffith Wright, having been commenced by him on the 2nd of July, 1754;* and it con- tinued under his management as sole proprietor for many years, till, retiring from business, he relinquished it to his son, Mr. Thomas Wright, at whose death, in the early part of the pi-esent century, it came into the hands of his son, Griffith. The last-named gentleman edited his own journal, and con- ducted it with great spirit, ability, and success. He kept a vigilant eye on passing events and public transactions, and was watchful of the policy of the parties he opposed, and of all enemies of British interests and constitutional government, whose false steps ever had in him a severe censor. He had a rich vein of wit and humour, which were conspicuous in his writings as a journalist, and his power of sarcasm was not to be provoked with impunity by those who would play fantastic tricks before the world. In December, 1818, Mr. Wright, having transferred his whole interest in the Intelligencer to Messrs. Gawtress and Co., after it had been, from its commence- ment (sixty-four years), in the exclusive possession of his family, retired from business, though not into inactivity, as the honour- able part he afterwards took in public offices, already mentioned, testifies. In private life his kind and cheerful disposition, and amiable virtues, endeared him to all his connections and friends.t He died, unmaiiied, in the sixty-second year of his age, and was interred at Chapeltown church, near Leeds. — See the Leeds Papers for November, 1846. 1777-1847. CHKISTOPHER BECKETT, ESQ., J.P., Banker, of Meanwood Park, near Leeds, died at Torquay, in Devonshire, March 15th, 1847, aged seventy years. % Mr. C. * For a long account of the centenary of the Leeds Intelligencer, see that paper for July 1st, 1854. + According to the Leeds Mercury : "In his capacity as the proprietor and editor of the Leeds Intelligencer for many years, he conducted that paper, as his progenitors through two generations had done, with ability, though with a strong Conservative bias; and we are glad to have it in our power to do justice to his memory by saying that, in the numerous conflicts in which we have been engaged, we always considered him to be an upright man." X A very costly and beautiful structure was subsequently erected in the Leeds parish church, as a memorial, by the surviving brothers and sisters of CHRISTOPHER BECKETT, ESQ., J. P. 419 Beckett was bom January 26th, 1777, and was the second son of the first Sir John Beckett, Bart., of Gledhow Hall and Meanwood Park, near Leeds, and of Sonierby Park, in Lincoln- shire, by Mary, daughter of Dr. Christopher Wilson, Lord Bishop of Bristol (for a Sketch of -whom, see p. 200, &c), and grand-daughter of the pioiis and learned Dr. Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London. Mr. Beckett was a magistrate and deputy- lieutenant for the West-Riding of Yorkshire, and likewise for many years an active magistrate for the borough of Leeds, having twice served the office of Mayor (1819 and 1829); and, although on the passing of the Municipal Reform Act he ceased to be in the commission of the peace for the borough, he con- tinued to take a very prominent part in its public affairs, and in the administration of its various charities, and few trans- actions of moment were undertaken in the town without his countenance and sanction. He discharged his magisterial duties with strict impartiality and humanity; and in the administration of justice it was his unceasing care to discriminate between adepts in crime and those whose cases admitted of a more lenient and merciful consideration. He heartily loved the Church, and delighted to contribute to the maintenance of her just influence and usefulness, and was foremost in promoting the erection and endowment of churches and schools whenever required. Mr. Beckett erected at his own cost a handsome and commodious school, with a suitable residence for a master and mistress, in Ids own village, and maintained the same. The school being licensed by the Lord Bishop of Ripon, he also at his own charge appointed a clergyman, who celebrated divine ser- vice therein, and administered to the spiritual necessities of the inhabitants. He also took a warm interest in the re-erection of the deceased. The tomb, which is entirely of Caen stone, is an elaborate specimen of the style which prevailed in the early part of the fifteenth century. The design consists of a large central sepulchre arch, flanked on each side by massive angle buttresses, and surmounted by a parapet, from which spring pinnacles supported by projecting corbel angels, holding scrolls. On the top of the tomb the following inscription is emblazoned in mediaeval letters: — "In Memory of Christopher Beckett, of Meanwood, Esq., a justice of the peace and deputy-lieutenant of the West-Riding; twice mayor of Leeds; born 26th January, 1777; he died at Torquay, 15th March, 1847, and was interred in the adjacent vault. He was an active magistrate, a faithful dispenser of public trusts, and a liberal supporter of the calls of religion and the claims of charity. ' Fear ( !od, and keep his commandments.'" The size of the tomb across the base is II Eeei '■'• baches, and to the top of the angels on the angle buttresses 12 feet 10 inches. The design and detail drawings of the tomb are by Mr. Dobson, the architect, and the whole was executed by Mr. R. Mawer, both of Leeds. The stained-glass window is by Mr. W'ailes, of Newcastle.— See the Leeds IntelMgencer for February 24th, 1S4'J, &c. 420 BlOGRArillA LEODIENSIS. the parish church of Leeds, of which he was one of the patrons, and he lived to see it one of the finest parochial churches which has ever been erected in this kingdom since the Reformation. He was likewise mainly instrumental in establishing the Diocesan Church Building Society, and Board of Education; and continued ever after to take a warm interest in their opera- tions, contributing largely towards carrying out their designs. In politics he was a loyal subject, and a faithful adherent to the ancient constitution of his country ; and, although not intolerant of the opinions of others, he received all projects calculated to effect sweeping or fundamental changes with characteristic caution. This distrust, however, did not lead him to reject such progressive and salutary reforms as were necessary to impart greater efficiency to our venerable institutions, and to meet the exigencies of the present state of society. To almost every public institution within the borough of Leeds he also contri- buted largely, nor were his private charities more restricted; to him the friendless and indigent scarcely ever appealed in vain. But, while in matters of public concern he did not shrink from recording his munificent donations, as an example and encou- ragement to others, he was careful in his more private acts of benevolence to avoid all ostentatious parade, so that they are alone known to the grateful recipients of his bounty. As the head of one of the most influential provincial banks in the kingdom, he contributed in no slight degree to maintain the public credit of this important manufacturing district; and his grateful fellow-townsmen upon more than one occasion publicly acknowledged the prompt, effectual, and disinterested aid which his house had rendered in the hour of commercial perplexity and gloom. In private life he was a man of inflexible integrity, and of a nice sense of honour; and, abhorring alike all flattery and dissimulation, he was cautious in whom he confided; but once assured of their honesty and truthfulness, he ever after became an unflinching friend and kind patron. Although to an ordinary observer his deportment might appear somewhat stern, it nevertheless concealed a kindly and most benevolent disposi- tion ; while his manners in private life were at once agreeable and conciliatory, and his society and friendship were most valued by those who knew him best. The pre-eminent position which, with the universal assent of all parties, he so long occupied in the borough of Leeds, can scarcely ever again be filled by an individual who will enjoy so large a share of public confidence; but his example will serve to stimulate others to fulfil their public duties with like intrepidity and candour, and to imitate CHRISTOPHER BECKETT, ESQ., J. P. 421 him in the discharge of all the private duties and relations of life, in which he was alike exemplary. It is much to be regretted that the borough does not possess an authentic portrait of this upright magistrate and excellent man. When the melancholy and unexpected intelligence of his death was received in Leeds, immediately the passing-bells of several of the churches rang out a mournful peal, and a universal gloom prevailed — every man feeling as if he had lost a personal friend, and the town a benefactor. " His remains were brought to Leeds, and on Monday, the 23rd of March, were interred by the Rev. Walter Farquhar Hook, D.D., vicar, in the family vault in the ante-chapel in the north aisle of the parish church, immediately under the east window, which had been but recently inserted at the sole expense of the deceased. This window is beautifully executed, and con- tains the armorial bearings and numerous quarterings of the family. A new musical service, composed expressly for the occasion, was chanted by a full choir, in the most solemn and impressive manner. The funeral was attended by the deceased's brothers, the Right Hon. Sir John Beckett, Bart.; Thomas Beckett, Esq.; William Beckett, Esq., M.P. for the borough of Leeds; Edmund (Beckett) Denison, Esq., M.P., one of the representatives for the West-Riding of the county of York ; by J. Staniforth Beckett, Esq. , of S winton Park ; and Edmund Beckett * The following eulogistic character of Mi-. C. Beckett was given by the Leeds Mercury :— " The unexpected news of the death of this most estimable man was received in Leeds with a painful sensation of lively and heartfelt sorrow, which it may be truly said pervaded the whole town in a degree seldom witnessed. Every one seemed to feel that he had lost a valued friend, and that a blank had been suddenly created which few, if any, could be expected to supply, and never was public grief more general and sincere, nor better justified by the sterling worth of its object. As a magistrate of the West- Hiding, and as a leading trustee and active administrator of nearly all the public charities of the parish, his services have long been of the highest value. As senior partner in the banking-house of Messrs. Beckett and Co. he has, on every trying occasion, been recognized as the worthy head of a firm on whom reliance might be placed to meet the emergency of difficult times with a liberality truly great and unselfish ; and many, indeed, are the members of our commercial community who will cherish his memory with thankfulness as their friend in the time of their greatest need. As a friend of the Church and of every well-considered effort to improve the condition of society in his native town — in the building and endowing of schools, and in affording encouragement to every good work, his open and generous hand was ever ready to give help where needed; and as a staunch supporter of the institu- tions of the country and the preservation of public order, his name will long live in the grateful recollection of all whose privilege it has been to witness his most upright, sincere, and uncompromising conduct during a long life of usefulness. In fact, society has, in these days, comparatively few sucli men to lose; and the best solace to his bereaved relatives will be found in tint assurance that, as he has lived honoured and beloved, so he has died, deeply, sincerely, and universally lamented by every class in the community." 422 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Denison, jun., Esq., nephew of the deceased. The pall-bearers were the Rev. George Lewthwaite, rector of Adel ; John Blayds, Esq.; Henry Hall, Esq.; George Bischoff, Esq.; John Gott, Esq. ; Henry Cowper Marshall, Esq., &c. : who were followed by the Revs. John and George Urquhart ; John Smith, Esq., partner in the house of Beckett and Co.; John Atkinson, Esq., and T. T. Dibb, Esq., the solicitors of the deceased; by George Buliner, Esq., his medical attendant; the principal clerks of the deceased's banking establishment; Mr. Pollard, his steward, and by several old and faithful domestic servants. The clergy and principal gentry of the town and neighbourhood, as well as a large concourse of the inhabitants, many of whom closed their shops on the occasion, also attended to pay their last tribute of honour and respect to the memory of the deceased. Mr. Beckett was principal lord of the manor of Leeds, as likewise lord of the manor of Chapel- Allerton in the borough, within which he possessed a considerable estate; and, having died intestate, the same has descended upon his eldest brother and heir, the Right Hon. Sir John Beckett, Bart. His personal estate, which was not less extensive, was divided amongst Sir John and the seven other surviving brothers and sisters.* Thomas Beckett, Esq., the next brother, was then the heir presumptive to the title and estates. — The above Sketch is supposed to have been contributed to the Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1847, by the late Edward John Teale, Esq., of Leeds. For further particulars, see the Annual Register; the Leeds Papers, especially the Intelligencer (for a long account of the funeral); Schroeder's and Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c. 1775-1847. RIGHT HON. SIR JOHN BECKETT, BART., &c, A privy councillor, D.C.L., F.R.S., and a bencher of the Inner Temple; formerly judge advocate-general, and M.P. for Leeds, died, after a short illness, at the York Hotel, Brighton, May 31st, 1847, aged seventy-two years. The Right Hon. Sir John Beckett, second baronet, was the eldest son of Sir John Beckett, * The representatives of the late C. Beckett, Esq., of Leeds, banker, who died intestate, presented the sum of £1,000, in equal shares, to the three medical charities of Leeds. They also devoted £1,000 to assist the Church in Leeds in further efforts for the promotion of education, and more especially in enabling their schools to obtain the benefit of the proposed government aid, and that Dr. Hook and two others named should devise a plan for carrying out the object in view. These three gentlemen, in reply, submitted three propositions — of grants for the erection of new schools ; of grants (in order to obtain government aid) in aid of existing schoolmasters' residences; and of grants for the enlargement of the existing schools. These propositions were accepted. — See the Gentleman's Magazine for December, 1847, &c. EIGHT HON. SIR JOHN BECKETT, BART. 423 the first baronet, banker, of Leeds, who died in 1826 (for a Sketch of whom, see p. 304, &c), by Mary, daughter of the Right Rev. Christopher Wilson, D.D., Lord Bishop of Bristol. He was bom at Leeds on the 17th of May, 1775. He com- menced his education at the Leeds Grammar School, and con- tinued his studies under the Rev. "William Sheepshanks, then incumbent of St. John's church, Leeds. He attained distin- guished honours at Trinity College, Cambridge, being fifth wrangler in 1795; and he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, February 4th, 1803, of which he became a bencher, and he practised for some time on the Noi-thern Circuit. On the 18th of February, 1806, he took office as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, under the Whig ministry of Fox and Grenville; and on the 20th July, 1817, he was appointed a privy councillor. Sir John first entered the House of Commons in 1820 as member for Cockermouth, but vacated his seat in the following year. He was returned for Haslemere, near Winchester, in 1826, 1830, and 1831. Sir John succeeded his father as a baronet, September 18th, 1826. He was judge- marshal and advocate-general during the Duke of Wellington's administration from 1828 to 1830; and during the short period of office of Sir Robert Peel, in 1834, he again filled the same appointment until the month of April, 1835. In 1832 he unsuccessfully contested East Retford, and in February, 1834, on Mr. T. B. Macaulay being appointed a member of the Council in India, he had a severe contest for Leeds with Mr. Edward Baines — Sir John polling 1,917 votes, and Mr. Baines 1,951. At the general election of 1835, Sir John was returned for Leeds, at the head of the poll. At the general election on the accession of Queen Victoria, in 1837, he again contested Leeds, and was defeated — Mr. Baines and Sir William Molesworth being returned. From that time till his death, the much- respected baronet retired from taking any active part in public affairs. By virtue of his services as a privy councillor, &c, Sir John was entitled, according to act of parliament, to a retiring pension of one thousand pounds a year; but with characteristic independence and liberality he declined taking one farthing of the public money in the shape of a pension. Sir John was a zealous and consistent Conservative, and when in the House of Commons voted against the Reform Bill, the Municipal Cor- porations Bill, and the Irish Tithe measure. Latterly he took very little interest in the political world; in the commercial he did not, however, cease to be known, and as a commercial man his memory was long revered, lie was at the head of the 424 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXSIS. eminent banking firm of Beckett and Co., at Leeds, and was an extensive promoter of railways, being chairman of some leading companies. He was also a great patron of literary and scientific institutions. Sir John possessed a fine personal appearance, great moral worth, and excellent business talents. He married, January 20th, 1817, Lady Anne Lowther, third surviving daughter of William, Earl of Lonsdale, K.G., and sister to the present earl, who survived him, without issue. He, like his next brother, Christopher, who died in March, 1847, died without will, and thus the landed estates, estimated at the annual value of £10,000 (saving the widow's dower), together with the baronetcy, devolved upon his next brother, Mr. Thomas Beckett, late an eminent banker in Leeds, now of Somerby Park, near Gainsborough, Lincolnshire; a deputy-lieutenant for the West- Biding; born in 1779; married in 1825, without issue; heir presumptive, his younger brother, Edmund (Beckett) Denison, Esq. ; his next brother, William Beckett, Esq., M.P. for Leeds, having died in 1863. The remains of the right hon. baronet were interred at Eulham, in the county of Middlesex, where rest the remains of his maternal grandsire, Christopher, Lord Bishop of Bristol, and also of his younger brother, the late Rev. George Beckett, rector of Epworth, Lincolnshire.* — A por- trait of Sir John Beckett, M.P., was engraven from a painting by Schwanfelder, of Leeds. See the Gentleman s Magazine for October, 1847, p. 426 ; the Annual Register; the Leeds Papers; Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, &c. 1782— 1847.t RICHARD FOUNTAYNE WILSON, ESQ., Formerly M.P. for Yorkshire, and late colonel of the First West Yorkshire Regiment of Militia, died at Melton Hall, near Doncaster, July 24th, 1847, aged sixty-five. Mr. Richard * The late baronet was a faithful member of the Church of England, and he judiciously and ably fulfilled the duties which his rank, his wealth, and the posts of honour to which he was elevated devolved upon him. In his death society lost an influential and intelligent member, and the poor a liberal benefactor. t —1847. For a long Sketch of the Rev. Thomas Dykes, LL.B. (which has been withdrawn for want of space), who married Mary, the eldest daughter of William Hey, Esq., F.R.S., the celebrated surgeon, of Leeds; and was for some time incumbent of Barwick-in-Elmet, near Leeds; and was also a can- didate for the vicarage of Leeds; and afterwards founder and incumbent of St. John's church, Hull, see his Memoir by the Rev. John King, prefixed to a volume of his Sermons, edited by the Rev. William Knight, of Hull, in 1849; and also the Leeds Intelligencer; the Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1847, p. 545, &c. ; the Chvrch of England Quarterly Review for July, 1850, p. 170; the Annual Register; Schroeder's Annals of Leeds, &c. RICHARD FOUNTAYNE WILSON, ESQ., M.P. 425 Fountayne Wilson was born in the year 1782, the elder son and heir of Richard "Wilson, Esq., of Leeds, who was the eldest son of Christopher, Lord Bishop of Bristol, by Anne, daughter of Dr. Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London. The mother of the deceased was Elizabeth, third daughter of the Very Rev. John Fountayne, D.D., dean of York, to whom his father, Richard Wilson, was married in 1781. In 1807, during the ever memorable election of Wilberforce, Lascelles, and Milton, Mr. Fountayne Wilson was the high-sheriff of York- shire. At the dissolution of parliament on the 31st of May, 1826, he was solicited to become a candidate for the representa- tion of Yorkshire, then, for the first time, returning four members to represent it in the House of Commons ; and on the 21st of June in that year, he was returned a member, together with Lord Milton (afterwards Earl Fitzwilliam), John Marshall, Esq., and the Hon. William Duncorube (the present Lord Feversham), without opposition, Richard Beth ell, Esq., the fifth candidate, having withdrawn. Mr. Fountayne Wilson con- tinued in parliament until the general election in 1830, when he retired, and Lord Morpeth (afterwards Earl of Carlisle), Henry Brougham, Esq. (now Lord Brougham), the Hon. William Duncombe, and Richard Bethell, Esq., succeeded to the representation. In politics Mr. Richard Fountayne Wilson was a Tory, and, while a member of the House of Commons, voted against the Catholic Emancipation Bill. The various public charities of the country, on several occasions, received from him very nmnificent donations, and to his liberality many of them owe their present exalted position and extended sphere of usefulness. In 1817 he munificently presented the trustees of the Leeds General Infirmary with a plot of land on the south front, consisting of 4,000 square yards, and valued at £1,500, which extends to Wellington Street. This land was tastefully laid out as a garden and pleasure-ground, and enclosed by a substantial wall, surmounted with iron palisades, and served materially to ornament the west entrance to the town, as well as to benefit the General Infirmary. This plot of ground, with the old Infirmary building, has recently been sold to the Messrs. Kitson and Co., for railway purposes, for about £37,500. In 1823, the town and parish of Leeds was blest with another great public benefit, viz., the com- mutation of all the mixed and personal tithes, payable to the vicar and clerk of Leeds, for an annual income of £500, arising from £14,000, one half of which was the muni- ficent gift of Richard Fountayne Wilson, Esq., M.P., and the 42G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. other half was raised by subscription. Of the National Society of Education he was a warm supporter, and one of his latest gifts was a donation of £1,000 to this institution. He was the colonel of the First West York Militia, which he had vacated by his resignation only a few months before his death ; and he was, likewise, a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant of the West-Riding. Mr. Fountayne Wilson married Sophia, third daughter of George Osbaldeston, Esq., of Hutton Bushel, in the county of York, and had issue four sons and five daughters. Of the former two are deceased. The third is Andrew Montagu, Esq., who assumed that name only in 1826, in pursuance of the testamentary injunctions of the Eight Hon. Frederick Montagu, of Papplewick, in the county of Nottingham, a kinsman of his maternal grandmother, Anne, third wife of the dean of York. — See the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1847, p. 435, &c. ; the Annual Register; the Leeds Papers; Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c. 1793—1847. THE REV. JOHN ELY, Minister of East Parade chapel, Leeds, died October 9th, 1847, aged fifty-four years. He was born at Rochester, in Kent, on the 20th of August, 1793. His father, Mr. Daniel Ely, an architect and builder, died when he was young; his aged mother survived him. Mr. Ely received his education at Hoxton College, where the Rev. Dr. Hamilton, the Rev. John Alexander, and other eminent ministers were his contemporaries. He settled at Rochdale in June, 1814,* and was ordained in the summer of 1815. After a nineteen years' pastorate in that town, with considerable success, and having declined many other calls to larger spheres, he at length saw it his duty to accept the call from the church and congregation at Salem chapel, Leeds, and subsequently removed to East Parade chapel. He came to Leeds on the 1st of July, 1833, and was designated over the church and congregation, in August following, as suc- cessor to the Rev. Edward Parsons. He had, therefore, more than completed a ministry of fourteen years in Leeds, and of * A handsome tablet was erected in Providence chapel, Rochdale, in June, 18G4, the jubilee anniversary, to the late Rev. John Ely. The inscription on the tablet is as follows: — "In Memory of the Rev. John Ely, who was for nineteen years the faithful and devoted pastor of the people worshipping here. He entered on his duties as the first Independent minister of this town in June, 1814, laboured successfully until his removal to Leeds in July, 1833 ; and departed this life greatly beloved on the 9th of October, 1847, aged fifty-four." THE REV. JOHN ELY. 427 thirty-three years at Leeds and Bochdale. He died in the fifty-fifth year of his age, leaving a widow and one daughter. The death of this eminent and excellent minister, cut off in the vigour of his days and in the midst of his usefulness, created profound sorrow not only among all classes in this town, but throughout this and the neighbouring counties, and, indeed, wherever his valuable ministrations and writings had made him known. Pew characters have displayed a more perfect symmetry than that of the deceased. He was not eminent in some features of his character and wanting or faulty in others. But a just and noble proportion was observable in his intel- lectual and moral qualities, as well as in the discharge of all his duties. He shone alike as the able and energetic minister, the faithful, affectionate, wise, and indefatigable pastor, the meek yet manly Christian, the true patriot, the enlightened philan- thropist, the finished gentleman, the invaluable friend, the charming companion, the tender son, husband, and father. No one could say whether he was more remarkable for his faith or his good works; the former was unfailing, the latter incessant. In both he was obviously under the influence of the highest motives — love and duty to God, and love to his fellow-men. His intellectual powers were high. His mind was of large range and masculine vigour. He loved an elevated theme. With a clear judgment he drew out conclusions and established principles which, when attained, he held with a firm grasp. The speculations of philosophy were congenial to his taste; he entered with zest into questions of lofty controversy; he could have engaged with relish in any department of scholar- ship. But so practical was his mind, and so strong his sense of duty, that he habitually denied himself in these things for the sake of ministerial usefulness, and tore himself from his loved study to comfort the sick, to cheer the destitute, to instruct the ignorant, and to do the work of the many societies which seek the diffusion of the Gospel at home and abroad. As a preacher he was at once instructive and impressive, endeavouring in every sermon to enlighten the understanding as well as to awaken the conscience and touch the heart. His style and manner were animated and full of energy. They betokened a man thoroughly in earnest. His pulpit oratory was aided by a powerful voice and vigorous action. Some critics might think him at times declamatory; but it was the declamation of a mind filled with strong concern, noble enthusiasm, and a gener< >US abhorrence of all that is base and wicked. In appeal he was solemn, affectionate, and faithful. His sermons were the pro- 428 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. duct of careful thought ; they fully expounded the sense of Scripture, as well as enforced its lessons and precepts. His theology was that of the Reformation, of the "Westminster Assembly, and of the doctrinal articles of the Church of Eng- land. He was very jealous of any departure from orthodox and evangelical opinion. He gave prominence to the great doctrines of the atonement, justification by faith, and regenera- tion by the Holy Spirit; and he distinguished most carefully between speculative and practical faith — between the perform- ance of outward rites and the devotion of the heart. The morality which he inculcated was the pure and benevolent morality of the Gospel, uttex-ly inconsistent with all dissimula- tion, fraud, injustice, impurity, or even hazarding the property of others by undue speculation. His prayers were very com- prehensive and animated, including references to national circumstances, whether prosperous or adverse, to the temporal and spiritual interests of his own people, and to the extension of religion in the earth. In the performance of pastoral duties, Mr. Ely was, perhaps, hardly ever excelled. All that could be done by strength of body and mind, time well husbanded, and a most active and ingenious kindness, was done for the super- vision of his numerous flock. He seemed to know the character and circumstances of every individual. He sympathized with every sorrow, and was one of the wisest of counsellors. His unfailing cheerfulness and perfect affability made him every- where welcome. To the young he was affectionately winning. At the sick bed he was at once kind and faithful. In managing the difficulties which sometimes occurred he showed the truest wisdom, by always meeting them in the spirit and temper of the Gospel; and scarcely ever did he fail by that means to arrive at the best result. The consequence of his prudence and his many admirable qualities was, that his people enjoyed unbroken peace among themselves and with their pastor, as well as affec- tionate intercourse with other churches. Whilst he never lorded it over his people, and not only admitted but encouraged the exercise of every right that belongs by New Testament law to the members of a Christian church, he never for an instant forgot his self-respect and the dignity of a Christian minister. But still he seemed to rule, not by prerogative, but by the dis- charge of every duty and the exercise of every virtue that belong to the sacred office. He was in all things an example — in the truest piety, in religious decision as opposed to worldly conformity, in active effort, in large-hearted liberality, in self- denial, in moderation, in temper, in Christian kindness and THE REV. JOHN ELY. 429 prudence. Whilst he was such a pastor to his own flock, his heart was as large as the world. No interest of man was excluded from his sympathy. Every institution for the diffu- sion of the Gospel, at home or abroad, to Jew or heathen, by Bibles, tracts, or the living agent, had his warm support. He encouraged the Town Mission for sending Scripture-readers into the dwellings of the poor; he was the indefatigable secre- tary of the Home Missionary Society, for helping to maintain ministers in the rural districts of the West-Riding; he gave his most energetic support to the London Missionary Society, whose field is the world; he pleaded for the British Missions (at home, in Ireland, and in the colonies), connected with the Congrega- tional Union; he countenanced the London Society for pro- moting the conversion of the Jews; he befriended the Bible Society, the Religious Tract Society, and the Sailors' Friend Society; every anti-slavery effort had his help. For several of these objects he made tours in various parts of the kingdom. No request on the part of his ministerial brethren for his assistance in the pulpit was denied, if duty permitted him to acquiesce; and the more humble was the applicant, the more prompt and kindly was the response. Mr. Ely was the con- stant and earnest friend of universal education. At Rochdale he established several Sunday schools, which became very flourishing. At Leeds he manifested the warmest interest in the Sunday school; and he promoted, both by purse and influ- ence, the establishment of a day school connected with his congregation. But, ever firm in the maintenance of his prin- ciples, Mr. Ely insisted on two things, first, that education should be religious, and, second, that it should be perfectly free from all government support or control. Whilst cherishing feelings of warm charity towards every evangelical community, in or out of the Establishment, and, therefore, a zealous friend of the Evangelical Alliance, he was at the same time one of the staunchest Nonconformists.'"' Mr. Ely's most considerable * The best evidence of Mr. Ely's principles and character is to he found in the things he accomplished. "When he went to Rochdale, no Independent church existed, and scarcely any congregation ; during his stay 247 members were admitted; and, on his leaving, the church consisted of 144 members, and the congregation was numerous. At the beginning of his ministry there the Sunday school was exceedingly small ; at its close there were in connection with his chapel several schools, containing many hundred scholars. "When he came to Leeds, the number of members in the church did not exceed 250 ; at his death they were close upon 500. The exertions of his people in behalf of every good cause were stimulated by his spirit and example to an extra- ordinary degree. They raised a new chapel, with Sunday schools and a day school, at an aggregate cost of more than i'10,000, the whole of which was 430 BIOGRAMHA LEODIZXSId. work was a series of lectures chiefly on subjects of Scripture history, which, having been delivered at Rochdale in the course of a winter, he entitled Winter Lectures, 8vo., 1833. His funeral took place at the cemetery,""' Woodhouse Lane, Leeds; being preceded by a most affecting service at East Parade chapel, conducted by the Rev. Dr. Raffles, of Liverpool, an early friend of the deceased minister. The service at the grave was conducted by the Rev. Thomas Scales. The attendance of ministers of various denominations, from the town and country, was exceedingly numerous; and several of the most eminent of the Congregational ministers from other parts of the kingdom were present. The chapel was crowded with sincere mourners. A funeral sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Hamilton, of Leeds, on the Sunday following, at East Parade chapel. — For further particulars, see the Leeds Papers, especially the Mercury, for October, 1 847 ; and also an Introductory Memoir prefixed to the Posthumous Works of the late Rev. John My, by the Rev. Dr. Hamilton, of Leeds. 1777—1848. JOSEPH TAYLOR, ESQ., Senior partner in the firm of Messrs. Taylor, Wordsworth, f and Co., machine-makers, Holbeck, Leeds, died February 3rd, 1848, aged seventy-one years. To the causes of religion, educa- tion, and public charities, he was a munificent benefactor. His donation of £1,000, in 1845, towards the liquidation of the debt on East Parade chapel, originated a movement which led to the discharge of all the debts on the Independent chapels in contributed without affecting their contributions to other objects. Their liberality towards home and foreign missions was multiplied several fold. In all these efforts Mr. Ely himself set an example of liberality, and used every influence that was legitimate, but none that was otherwise. He con- ducted all the operations of his people with admirable method, punctuality, and accuracy. He also breathed his own spirit into his ministerial brethren through a wide range of country, and thus extended his influence beyond what it is possible to calculate. * Where a neat cohimn has been erected, bearing this inscription: — "In Memory of John Ely, pastor of the Independent church, East Parade chapel, Leeds. Born August 20th, 1793; died October 9th, 1847. This monument is erected as a tribute of grateful affection by the members of his Bible classes. ' Feed my lambs.'" He was succeeded by the Rev. H. R. Reynolds, B.A., now j>resident of Cheshunt College, near London. + Joshua Wordsworth, Esq., of Mount Preston, Leeds, and partner in the highly respectable firm of Messrs. Taylor, Wordsworth, and Co., machine- makers, died, after a short illness, August 11th, ] 1846, aged sixty-six. The funeral of Mr. Wordsworth was attended by a very large procession of the workpeople employed by the above firm, as well as by numerous private friends of the deceased. Mr. Wordsworth was a gentleman of great worth and generosity, and zealous in his attachment to Liberal principles. REV. RICHARD WINTER HAMILTON, LL.D., D.D. 431 Leeds, and in several other parts of Yorkshire. He left legacies to several charities, amongst which may be mentioned £200 to the Leeds Town Mission, .£250 to the Leeds General Infirmary, £250 to the Leeds House of Recovery, and £100 to the Leeds Public Dispensary. — For an account of their patents, &c, see Newton's Journal of Arts, &c. ; the Mechanics' Magazine, &c. 1794—1848. EEV. RICHARD WINTER HAMILTON, LL.D., D.D., Minister of Belgrave Independent chapel, Leeds, died of erysipelas, July 18th, 1848, aged fifty-four years. He was a native of London, where he was born on the 6th of July, 1794. His father was the Rev. Frederick Hamilton, Independent minister, of Brighton ; and his mother, Martha, the daughter of the Rev. Richard Winter, B.D., pastor of the Independent chapel, Carey Street, London. He was late in speaking plain and learning to read, and as a boy had unbounded spirits and a lively imagination ; was a mimic, and got plentifully into scrapes, but was nobly and fearlessly truthful. When a child, in frocks, riding from Brighton over the South Downs, on coming at once in sight of a richly wooded and extensive country, he stood silent a few minutes, and then with glowing- countenance exclaimed, "Mamma, this must be heaven !" He was educated partly at a school in the Isle of Wight, and partly at the Protestant Dissenters' Grammar School, Mill Hill, near London, in the latter of which Judge Talfourd was his school- fellow. In August, 1810, he became a student at Hoxton Col- lege, where he made great progress in his studies. On the 15th of March, 1815, he was ordained the minister of Albion chapel, Leeds,* then in the occupation of the Independents. This body removed to a more commodious and handsome structure, Belgrave chapel, which was opened on the 6th of January, 1836, where he continued his ministry till the close of his life.t * The laborious discharge of his duties as a minister, combined with the attractions of his eloquence and of his character, filled Albion chapel incon- veniently; and his people accordingly erected another and far more spacious building. This structure, named IJelgrave chapel, was handsome and com- modious, and was opened in January, 1836. T The vigorous intellect and large soul of Mr. Hamilton exercised them- selves not only in the discharge of the sacred and all-important duties of the ministry, but also in other methods of promoting the welfare of his fellow- men. He was alive to the events passing around him, and, without being a, very active politician, he sympathized in every public movement on behali of civil and religious liberty, the emancipation "f the slave, the evangelization of the heathen, the spread of education, the improvement of the condi of the working-classes, and the reform of our national institutions. He pub- lished Sermons on the persecution of the Protestants in the south of France, on 432 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXSIS. He married on the 21st of May, 1816, Rachel, the daughter of Michael Thackrey, Esq., of Leeds, by whom he had two daughters and a sou. The birth of the latter was fatal to the mother. On the 6th of December, 1836, after a widowhood of sixteen years, he married Harriet, daughter of John Robson, Esq., of Sutton Hall, who survived him. His eloquence, high attainments, and wit, placed him in a commanding position amongst his fellow-men.* His published works are numerous, showing great intellectual power, research, and a great exuber- ance of language, t Milton's description of the English people the death of the Princess Charlotte, and on the question of Christian missions, in reference to the persecution of the missionaries in the West Indies. He also published a Funeral Sermon (entitled " The Cherished Remembrance of Departed Worth") for E. S. George, Esq., 1830; and another Funeral Sermon for the Rev. William Vint, preached at the Independent chapel, Idle, 1834. He was one of the earliest members of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary- Society, which was opened in 1821 ; in the following year he was elected a member of the council, and with little intermission he remained in that body- till his death. He was three times elected vice-pi - esident ; and for three suc- cessive years, from 1836 to 1838, he filled the office of president. We believe at no time (says the Leeds Mercury) has the office been filled with more exemplary punctuality or with higher efficiency : the society was increasingly- prosperous during that period. He read at various times no less than twenty- six lectures or pajsers before the society — a number which shows his zeal on behalf of letters and of the society, and which, when his numerous engage- ments are considered, entitled him to the gratitude of his fellow-townsmen. The Literary Society and the Mechanics' Institution of this town, for many- years separate, though now happily united, were also respectively indebted to Dr. Hamilton for valuable aid, as well as their elder sister, the Philosophical Society. * In the year 1833 his early and fast friend, the Rev. John Ely, came to settle in Leeds ; and it is worthy of remark that their friendship was never ruffled by even the slightest difference, though each was characterized by the most manly independence. No thought of competition seemed ever to enter their minds. They were found side by side in every good cause — each stimu- lating and animating the other, but never jostling — each constantly endea- vouring to do the other honour. Indeed all the Independent ministers of the town were united in personal and sacred friendship, and they succeeded in joining their flocks in the same Christian union. But the friendship of "Hamilton and Ely" became proverbial: their " souls were knit" together, like those of David and Jonathan. Mr. Ely took a leading part at the opening of Mr. Hamilton's new chapel, and Mr. Hamilton afterwards at the opening of Mr. Ely's. The beauty of this brotherhood was not greater than its practical usefulness. It is deserving not merely of honour, but of imitation. And as these two eminent ministers were united in life, they were, after a very- brief space, re-united in death. Each lived to complete his fifty-fourth year ; each was smitten in the midst of his days and of his usefulness ; each died amidst the tears and consternation of a fondly attached people ; and the sur- vivor, after finishing the monument he had erected to his friend, was in the very month of its publication himself seized with his mortal illness, and on his death-bed gave instruction that his grave should be " as near as possible to dear Ely's." + The first work of any magnitude published by Mr. Hamilton was a volume of Sermons in 1833. It is a treasure of sacred eloquence, containing some of the author's richest and most delightful compositions. The following REV. RICHARD WINTER HAMILTON, LL.D., D.D. 433 lias not been inaptly applied to him. "Not slow and dull, but of a quick, ingenious, and piercing spirit; acute to invent, sub- tile and sinewy to discourse, not beneath the reach of any point the highest that human capacity can soar to."* In private life year lie published a small volume, entitled Pastoral Appeals on Personal, Domestic, and Social Prayer — a work of remarkable excellence, unveiling the inmost heart of the pastor in its tenderest and most spiritual moods. Some years later he put forth a volume of domestic prayers, entitled The Little Sanctuary (1838). In the year 1841 he published several of his papers read before the Philosophical Society, together with other papers and poems, under the title of "Mvgce Litcrarue: prose and verse." The amount of classical learning displayed in some of these papers, and the metaphysical acumen in others, were such as to induce even professors at our universities to remark that such compositions little deserved to be called trifles (Nugce). In 1842 appeared his work on "Missions : their Authority, Scope, and Encou- ragement; an Essay, to which the second prize, proposed by a recent Associa- tion in Scotland, was adjudged" — (the first prize having been won by that consummate essayist, the Rev. Dr. Hams, of Cheshunt College). This was a noble production^ full of high and warm thoughts, profound reasoning, scrip- tural illustration, and fervent appeal. Mr. Hamilton had now done quite enough to entitle himself to those literary honours which our universities have it in their power to bestow. Accordingly, the University of Glasgow conferred upon him the diploma of Doctor of Laws, on the 1st of February, 1844; and in the course of the same year the University of New York sent him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. The priority, both in time and in the standing of the university conferring it, decided Dr. Hamilton always to place the LL.D. before the D.D. in giving his literary titles. The next work published by Dr. Hamilton was his essay, entitled The Institutions of Popular Education, to which a prize of one hundred guineas, given by "a patriotic Churchman of Manchester," was adjudged. This important work was written at the close of 1843 and the beginning of 1844, soon after the defeat of Sir James Graham's Factory Education Bill. In the year 1846 the doctor pub- lished a " second series" of Sermons on some of the highest subjects of Chris- tian contemplation, and characterized by all his excellencies. The Revealed Doctrine of Rewards and Pun 'shments, being the twelfth series of The Congre- gational Lecture, was published in the year 1847. It is the most elaborate and learned of all his works, and it has been received by the critics of different evangelical denominations as an important and valuable addition to our theological literature. It is especially directed against the doctrine of the annihilation of the wicked at death, which some time since appeared to be gaining ground. In the beginning of 1848, Mr. Hamilton published a small but valuable treatise, "Horwet Vindicice Sabbaticcej or, Familiar Disquisition on the Revealed Sabbath." His last publication was the Introductory Memoir prefixed to the Posthumous Works of the late Rev. John Ely, of which he was the editor. It is inscribed by the baud of friendship, but under the watchful guidance of truth.— Sec Darling's Cyclopaedia Biblwgraphica, kc. * The intellectual character of Dr. Hamilton was pre-eminently marked by power. His was a robust, a herculean intellect. It was large in grasp, ami rigorous in action. His apprehension was quick and penetrating, and his reflective power great. A memory which seemed 1" retain all that he ever read or heard, furnished an inexhaustible storehouse of knowledge; whilst his quickness in producing his mental ti equal to his power of acquiring and retaining them. His combination of strength with Bubtilty suggests the familiar but apt comparison of the proboscis of the elephant, which can equally pick up the ]>iu and rend the oak; and his union of quick- ness with power recalls the idea of the steam-engine, which adds the speed of the bird to the might of leviathan. Words presented themselves to him in E E 434 BIOGRAPIIIA LEODIENSIS. he was deservedly esteemed for the purity of his character, and for the "warmth and sincerity of his social affections.* He was interred at "Woodhouse Ceinetery,+ and his remains were fol- lowed to their last resting-place by hundreds of the inhabitants, and many Independent ministers and laity from other towns at only too great abundance ; and his choice among them too constantly, though quite unconsciously to himself, betrayed the scholar, who might seem to be ever living amongst Greek and Latin, amongst metaphysicians and schoolmen. The exact technical term was never wanting ; the illustrative allusion was ever at hand, though drawn from remote sources; and this overflowing of the well of knowledge, though a positive defect in a popular speaker addressing an unlearned audience, was a rich intellectual feast to the scholar, whom it carried back to antiquity, as well as through the vast range of letters and science. Dr. Hamilton was endowed with an imagination which luxuriated in all beauty and soared to all grandeur and elevatioD. His sold was full of poetry. He was also passionately fond of music. Yet with all these attri- butes of genius, and with all his exquisite susceptibilities, there was still a defect, namely, in point of taste. This regulator and governor of the great mental machine, in its operations to produce what shall move and please mankind, was imperfect. There was power, there was elevation, there was beauty, there was tenderness, and all even in redundance, but there wanted the fine proportion, the elegant symmetry, the restraining, self-controlling hand of the perfect artist. There was over-colouring, there was excess. He was the Michael Angelo, but not the Eaphael. His architecture was Egyptian, not Grecian. Had he combined Attic taste with his Atlantean strength, his literary fame, high as it is, would have been still more eminent. * Dr. Hamilton's moral qualities were a warmth of heart that made him the faithful friend, the tender relative, the affectionate pastor, the true philan- thropist, and "zealously affected in every good thing" — a generosity the most large and free — a sense of honour which could not brook the thought of disingenuousness or meanness — a candour the most manly — an independence the most proud — a love of truth which ruled his powers and his life. We do not say that he had not prejudices, sometimes freely and strongly expressed. "We do not say that his chivalry of feeling and friendship was not too fervent to be always strictly just. Dr. Hamilton's manners were those of the well- bred gentleman, and at the same time most engaging and frank. He had a. taste for aristocracy, though an ardent friend of popular rights. Throughout Yorkshire his services were in constant request on occasions of religious or philanthropic interest, whether connected with his own denomination or of a more catholic kind ; and his visits to the metropolis and other parts of the country on public service were frequent, and always productive of advantage to the cause he sought to promote, by the interest excited and the impression produced by his appeals. + A monument to the memory of the deceased was erected in "Woodhouse Cemetery in March, 1851, from a design prepared by Mr. J. Dobson, architect, and executed in cleansed stone, from Park-Spring Quarries, by Mr. George Hogg, of Leeds. It stands about twenty-three feet in height, and covers a space of about seven feet square at the base. It is a chaste and beautiful classical structure, composed of a base or pedestal, supporting four Grecian Doric columns six feet nine inches high, surmounted by an appropriate archi- trave, frieze, and cornice, &c. The inscription is as follows: — "In Memory of Richard Winter Hamilton, LL.D., D.D., thirty-four years pastor of the Independent church assembling in Albion and Belgrave chapels, Leeds. He died July 18th, 1848, aged fifty-four years. His rare talents, extensive learning, and fervid eloquence, were consecrated to the glory of God and the highest interest of man. As a minister and pastor he was earnest, affectionate, and faithful ; as a divine, zealous for sound theology and evangelical truth. EDWARD BAINES, ESQ., M.P. 435 a distance. The late Rev. Dr. Raffles, of Liveipool, impressively read the funeral service. — For additional particulars, see the Leeds Papers, especially the Mercury, for July, 1848; Lives of Illustrious Men; Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography ; his Memoir, &c, by W. H. Stowell, D.D., with portrait (engraved by J. B. Hunt, from a painting by William Scott), and a facsimile of his autograph, 1850, price 10s. 6d. For a long and interesting Sketch of Dr. Hamilton, see also Gilfillan's Third Gallery of Portraits, 1854, p. 77, &c. 1774—1848. EDWARD BAINES, ESQ., M.P., Senior proprietor of the Leeds Mercury, a magistrate for the West-Riding of Yorkshire, and formerly one of the members of parliament for Leeds, died August 3rd, 1848, aged seventy-four years. Mr. Baines was the second son of Mr. Richard Baines, of Preston, in Lancashire, and was born on the 5th of February, 1774, at Walton-le-Dale, in the same county. Placed at an early age under the care of his uncle, Mr. Thomas Rigg, of King's Land, Hawkshead, he received his first public education in the Free Grammar School of that town. Returning to Preston at the age of fourteen, he was apprenticed to a Mr. Walker as a printer.'"' Before his term of apprenticeship expired he removed to Leeds for improvement, and entered that town as a poor printer seeking his fortune. He soon engaged himself with the publishers of the Leeds Mercury (Messrs. Honoured and beloved for his genuine piety and high principle, the warmth and openness of his heart, his ardent patriotism and love of freedom. This monument, erected by his townsmen, testifies that they mourned his death and cherish his memory." In July, 1843, a very handsome silver tea and coffee service was presented to him by his congregation at Belgrave chapel, Leeds, as a token of esteem and affection. He was succeeded by the Rev. G. W. Conder, now of Manchester. The above Sketch has been kindly revised by his son, Mr. R. W. Hamilton, of Headingley, near Leeds. * An example of energy, prudence, and integrity in business, of earnest patriotism in a political career, of benevolent zeal for all social improvement, of the qualities that adorn society and sweeten domestic life, displayed from early youth with increasing lustre to advanced age, is one which every man may study with advantage. On the 1st of June, 1793, Mr. Walker started a Liberal newspaper called the Preston Revieio,\>ut, after a two years' existence, it was discontinued. The business in the printing-office was so much diminished, that young Baines, although he had two years still to Berve, received from his master his indentures. He then left Preston for Leeds in search of work as a printer. He walked the whole distance with a bundle on his arm, and very little money in his pocket. On his arrival at Leeds, he proceeded to the printing-office of Messrs. Binns and Brown, the publishers of the Leeds Mercury, and inquired if they had room for an apprentice to finish his time. He was taken into the office, and by his punctuality, industry, and obliging disposition, soon won the esteem and confidence of Ins 43G BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Binns 4 '' and Brown), with whom he served the remainder of his time. In the year 1801 Mr. Baines, by the aid of local friends who knew and prized his great industry and thrift, was enabled to purchase the paper on which he had worked, and then at the age of twenty -seven the compositor became the proprietor. + Owing to this, the Leeds Mercury, from being a local journal of small dimensions and feeble power, suddenly acquired an extensive political influence in the north of England, and from that time to the present it has uniformly maintained the prin- ciples of civil and religious liberty with zeal and consistency. In the year 1798 Mr. Baines was united to Charlotte, % eldest employers. His maxim was, that whatever is worth doing is worth doing well. He laid the foundation of future success as a master, in the thorough knowledge and performance of the duties of a workman. His apprenticeship terminated in September, 1797, and on the following day he commenced business as a printer in the Rose and Crown Yard, Briggate, in partnership with a Mr. Fenwick, the firm being "Baines and Fenwick." In the early part of the following year the partnership was dissolved. * Mr. John Binns, of Leeds, was an extremely spirited bookseller, who bought whole libraries, and kept a large stock of books. He became a partner in the banking-house of Scott, Binns, Nicholson, and Smith, in Leeds, and died on the Oth May, 1796, aged fifty-two, leaving his business to his widow and children, from whom it was purchased some years after by Mr. John Heaton. A notice of Mr. Binns, by Mr. Heaton, may be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. viii., p. 468. *f* From his boyhood he had formed an ambition to follow the example of the great American printer and patriot, Benjamin Franklin. The fact of Dr. Franklin's having visited Preston, and married a lady of that town, brought the example more immediately before him. There were so many points of resemblance in the mental character and history of the two men, that Mr. Baines was often called, and not without reason, " the Franklin of Leeds." They corresponded in sterling sense, in calm and cheerful temper, in indefatigable diligence, in abstemious habits, in early rising, in enterprising spirit, in a certain degree of original thought, in pithy and practical writing, in strict frugality, in the character of their fathers, in their removal from home, in successful attention to business, in love of freedom, in the public influence they acquired, and in the fact that they became members of the legislatures of their respective countries. As the life of Franklin helped to form the character of Baines, perhaps the example of the latter, through these pages, may serve as a model to young and virtuous readers. % She was a most affectionate, pious, and God-fearing woman, and exercised no little influence on the future career of her husband and family. She survived her husband two years and a half, and died February 26th, 1851, aged seventy-five years. On his marriage he took a house and printing-office in Dickinson's Court, Briggate, where business soon poured in upon him, for he was known to be a man of industrious, frugal, temperate, and punctual habits. In 1801, by the assistance of his friends, who lent him £1,000 (which he afterwards repaid with interest), he purchased the copyright of the Leeds Mercury, the good- will of the printing business, and the printing materials for the sum of £1,552. He also took a lease for seven years of the printing-office in Mercury Yard, now Heaton's Court, near the bottom of Briggate. The first number of the Mercury published by him appeared on the 7th of March, 1801, and from that time it was considered to be the organ of the Whig and Dissenting interest in Leeds. The Mercury was originally established in May, 1718. — One evening in November, 1805, Mr. Baines's EDWARD BAINES, ESQ., M.P. 437 daughter of Mr. Matthew Talbot,'"' of Leeds, author of the Analysis of the Bible. They had eleven children, of whom, nine were then living. The eldest son, Mr. Matthew Talbot Baines, M.P. for Hull, was a Queen's Counsel, and deservedly stood high in his profession ; afterwards three times M.P. for Leeds, President of the Poor-Law Board, and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with a seat in the cabinet and at the privy council. Mr. Edward Baines, jun., was well known as an author, and is now one of the members for Leeds. He is asso- ciated with his brother, Mr. Frederick Baines, in the proprie- torship and conducting of the Leeds Mercury. Mr. Thomas Baines was proprietor of the Liverpool Times. Mr. Baines left behind a large family, united among themselves, and all holding stations of respectability and influence in the world. It may justly be said of Mr. Baines that he did more for the cause of reform in the county of York than any other man; and, when we consider the powerful movement in the manufacturing dis- tricts in favour of Lord Grey's bill, it is not too much to say that to his strenuous endeavours the country was indebted, in no slight degree, for the passing of that measure. When, in 1815, the Habeas Corpus Act was suspended, Mr. Baines dis- covered that a meeting held at Thornhill Lees, near Wakefield, was betrayed to the magistrates by a spy named Oliver, who had been also employed by Lord Sidmouth in Yorkshire, Not- tingham, and Derbyshire. This was exposed in the Leeds Mercury, and brought before the House of Commons by Sir Francis Burdett, and added much to the popularity of Mr. Baines. It was he also who suggested to the freeholders of the county of York the propriety of returning Henry Brougham to parliament, which was done at the election of 1830. Lord Morpeth, too, and Mr. Macaulay, in the same manner, owed their first elections — the one for the West-Riding and the other for Leeds — mainly to the personal exertions and influence of Mr. Baines. On the appointment of Mr. Macaulay to an official dwelling, situate on the south side of Park Square, was partially destroyed by fire, by which he suffered the loss of his furniture. At the beginning; of 1807, he removed his business to premises in the middle of Briggate, just above Duncan Street, where it was continued until after his death. Thus it will lie seen that the foundation of Mr. Baines's success in life, and of his eminent usefulness, was laid in those homely virtues which are too often despised by the young and ardent, but which arc of incomparably gn value than the most shining qualities — in integrity, industiy, perseverance, prudence, frugality, temperance, self-denial, and courtesy. * For a short Sketch of Mr. Matthew Talbot, see p. 274, &c, and for many additional particulars, see Life of Edward Baines, by his son, large edition, pp. 30, 31. 438 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. post in India, in December, 1833, Mr. Baines was solicited by a large majority of the electors to become a carididate for the representation of Leeds. The reasons which led them to this choice will be shown by the terms of the following requisition : — " We, the undersigned electors of Leeds, believing ourselves to be in no small degree indebted to your exertions for the elective franchise, having long witnessed your unwearied, con- sistent, and enlightened labours as the advocate of reform in every branch of the public service ; and convinced by experience of your eminent talents for jiublic business, request that you will allow us to put you in nomination as a candidate to repre- sent this borough in parliament, there to carry forward those great principles the success of which it is equally your object and ours to promote.'' He went to the poll, and, defeating Sir John Beckett, — Lord Sid mouth's late private secretary — was triumphantly returned, without cost to himself, on those prin- ciples of purity of election which he had so long and so strenu- ously advocated.'"" Mr. Baines went into the House of Commons unfettered by pledges, saying — "My own judgment and con- science shall be my guide, and the general happiness of the community my aim;" and, while there, maintained a course of independent action which endeared him to his political friends, and commanded the respect of his opponents. He was the unflinching advocate of a rigorous economy in the public expen- diture, and of the emancipation of the slave — the imdaunted assailant of the close-corporation system — one of the main promoters of the present scheme of municipal reform, not only in England, but in Ireland — the staunch friend of the Government plan of education — the uncompromising foe to all monopoly in trade and commerce. As the representative of the * Mr. Baines was now a member of parliament for the town which be bad entered as a poor apprentice, unknown to a single inhabitant. It is an honourable and happy thing for England, that his is far from being a solitary instance of talent, virtue, and perseverance working their way, unaided, to such a position. It is well for the nation that its institutions, notwith- standing a large admixture of aristocracy, permit it to draw its pubUc servants from every walk of life. And it is well for the young among the middle and humbler classes to have examples before them of prosperous virtue — of eminent success won by real merit. In the case of Mr. Baines the distinction was not obtained through the influence of large property, or extensive mercantile connections ; bis fortune was moderate, and he had few dependants. His personal qualities commanded the esteem, confidence, and even affection of his townsmen ; from long and thorough knowledge of him, they bebeved him to be equal to and worthy of the highest trust that could be reposed in him ; and when that trust had been once confided, his discharge of it was confessedly so exemplary as to leave him without a competitor in the estimation of Ms constituents. EDWARD BAINES, ESQ., JJ.P. 439 Dissenters in the House, he had the burden of those questions more nearly affecting their interests — the Eegium Donum, Church-rates, Pious Use Trusts, Tithes, &c, and he gave his unwearied support to the claims of Dissenters for admission to the English universities, and of the charter granted to the University of London. In all the discussions upon these and kindred questions, he avowed the broad principle that no man ought to be placed under any civil disqualification in conse- quence of his religious belief, and that Dissenters who support their own ministers and places of worship should not be taxed to uphold the churches and pay the clergy of the Establishment. At the same time, he assisted in passing a bill for augmenting the stipends of the poor working clergy. He did his utmost to promote the education of the people and the widest diffusion of religious knowledge— seeking, by the Mechanics' Institute as well as the Sunday school, to assist self-education and the intel- lectual elevation of the community. Mr. Baines's laborious duties in the House of Commons laid the seeds of serious illness. He was seldom absent from his post. Day and ni^ht he gave up his whole time to the fulfilment of the onerous duties devolving upon him; and the result was that he overtaxed himself, and served his constituents and his country beyond his strength. From this cause, at the close of the Melbourne Administration in 1841, Mr. Baines withdrew from the repre- sentation of Leeds, after having held that distinguished position during three successive parliaments. ISTo sooner was his inten- tion of retiring known, than his constituents were most earnest in their solicitations that he should re-consider Ins decision. But these entreaties were unavailing; his health was seriously impaired, and duty to his friends, as well as his own personal safety, rendered the step absolutely necessary. This point having been decided, it was at once resolved by his constituents to present to Mr. Baines a public testimonial, as a memorial of their appreciation of services so nobly rendered and so exten- sively useful. A list was opened for contributions, limited in amount, and to this fund men of all shades of politics sub- scribed, and in a very brief space a large sum was raised. The testimonial consisted of a magnificent candelabrum, supported by three figures representing Truth, Liberty, and Justice, and bearing the following inscription: — "Presented to Edward Baines, Esq., by his friends and fellow-townsmen, in admiration of the integrity, zeal, and ability with which he has advocated the principles of civil and religious liberty during a public lit'<- of more than forty years, and to evince their gratitude for his 4*40 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. important services as the faithful and indefatigable representa- tive of the borough of Leeds in three successive parliaments. Leeds, November, mdcccxli." In retiring from his public duties as a member of parliament, Mr. Baines never contem- plated an idle or useless life. Already he had appeared as the author of two most valuable works — one, The History of the Wars of the French Revolution, which was subsequently made to embrace a wider range, and became a History of the Reign of George III.; and the other, a work of national importance, being a most elaborate History of the County Palatine of Lan- caster, in four vols., 4to. The original form of the latter was a History, Gazetteer, Directory, &c, printed at Liverpool in two octavo vols., 1825. The larger work was published in parts, and was, in some measure at least, the work of other hands, under Mr. Baines's superintendence. As a journalist he was distin- guished for a large and comprehensive view of public questions; an unwavering advocacy of the cause of liberty and good government ; and at the same time an entire absence of offence against public order or personal com*tesy, and an earnest endea- vour to restrain the excesses to which the working-classes have at periods of excitement been inclined in the wide range of his circulation. His own newspaper writings prove the freedom, chasteness, force, and eloquence with which he could employ the resources of Ms native language; while, at the same time, they demonstrate the extent, accuracy, and solidity of his general and diversified information. The conducting of the paper he had long before yielded to his sons; but never did a number appear, when he was in Leeds, without his contributing, in some way or other, to its columns. Mr. Baines took a large share in the administration of justice in the borough of Leeds, where he was a justice of the peace, and also a magistrate for the West-Biding of Yorkshire. He had always shown a great taste for agricul- tural pursuits, and he spent much of his time at his farm at Barton Grange, on Chat Moss, a large tract of property which he had drained and brought into a high state of cultivation. This frequent change afforded him gi*eat enjoyment, and was veiy conducive to health. Mr. Baines was an attached and most liberal supporter of the various benevolent institutions in his town and county; and his love for the religious institu- tions of the country, and for missionary operations, was very constant. His love for Sunday schools was marked; and his inquiries as to the operations and progress of the London Sunday School Union was very frequent. One by one, he was compelled to give up his accustomed duties out of doors. This EDWARD BAIXES, ESQ., M.P. 441 he did with great reluctance; for his habits of life, so active and useful, led him frequently to regard too lightly the injunctions of his medical adviser. His personal character was thus sketched by his successor: — "He had a large and liberal spirit, a just and upright mind, a benevolent and affectionate heart. He was, therefore, the friend of freedom, good government, and reform, of charity, peace, and religion — the friend of the people, and especially the friend of the poor and oppressed. Whilst decided in his opinions, he was most catholic in his disjDOsitionj whilst the most faithful of adherents, it was his delight to co-operate with men of all parties and sects for common objects. His understanding was sound, strong, and clear — his judgment cool and cautious. He was universally regarded as one of the safest of counsellors. In his own profession and trade he was at once enterprising, prudent, and indefatigable. In the discharge of his parliamentary duties he was unwearied. His temper was mild and equable, yet at the same time cheerful and buo} 7 ant — a combination which was singularly conducive to his own happi- ness and to the happiness of all around him. Few men have been more universally popular and more truly beloved. He combined manly firmness with the truest humility. His tastes were simple and unostentatious. In domestic life he was the most amiable of men, gentle, forbearing, loving — the very bond of union; his radiant countenance, the image of an affectionate heart, shed light through all his home, and made his large family circle one of unbroken peace. His religious views were evan- gelical, and he possessed the soul of religion in charity, faith, humility, and love. At the approach of death his view of his own merits was most lowlv and self-abasing, and his view of the Divine goodness and condescension almost overpowering. The sunset of his life was serene rather than glowing. Patient, resigned, and gentle, he watched the ebbing of the tide of life; and in the midst of his large family, looking around him with love, and heavenward with hope, his death, like his life, was that of the good man."" His body was interred in the Wood- * In combination with strong natural powers of understanding, strength sne< I and matured by practical exercise in the real business of life, and amid stirring events, Mr. Baines had great industry and perseverance, as well as patience and resolution, and with these lie posse--"! pleasing manners and address. In person, lie was of a firm, well-built frame, rather above the average stature; his features were regular, his expression of counten frank and agreeable; and he retained his personal comeliness, as well as his vivacity and suavity of manners, to the last, showing but slightly the oui ward characteristics of his advanced years, and evidencing by this token of a "green old age," the equability of a well-poised mind, and bhe felicity of temperament which graced the declining years of his long and well-spent life. 442 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. house Cemetery, a funeral service having been performed in East Parade chapel. The corporation, headed by the mayor, attended in a body. There were present, also, the mayors of Wakefield and Bradford; the magistrates of the borough; journalists from different districts; the servants in the employ of the deceased; the masters and journeymen printers of the town and neighbourhood, and a vast number of private carriages and individuals.* " Quam civitati cams fuerit, mserore funeris indicatum est." — Cicero, Be Amicitid. — For a fuller account of this remarkable man, see his Life, by his son Edward, with a portrait, recently republished in a cheap form (12mo., 1859, 2s. Qd.), from which this Sketch has been partly drawn. See also the Gentleman's Magazine for September, 1848, p. 319, &c. ; the Leeds Papers, especially the Mercury ; the Illustrated London News for August, 1848; the Annual Register; Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, &c. — For a full and graphic description of Mr. Baines's character, see the con- cluding chapter of the Life of Edward Baines, late 31. P. for the borough of Leeds (with a fine portrait, engraved by Greatbach, from a painting by Hargreaves, with a facsimile of his autograph), by his son, Edward Baines, author of The History of the Cotton Manufacture, &c, 1851, p. 358, &c. A portrait of Edward Baines, Esq., M.P. (with his autograph), engraved by J. Cockram, painted by T. Hargreaves, was published by Fisher, Son, and Co., London, 1834. Another portrait of Edward Baines, Esq., from a daguerreo- type taken at the Leeds Photographic Gallery, 27, Bark Eow, in 1842, drawn by G. Childs, was printed by M. and N. Hanhart, &c. * The estimation in which Mr. Baines was held was not only shown by the testimonial presented to him during his life, and by the honours of his public funeral ; but, some time after his death, an excellent full-length portrait, by Richard Waller, of Leeds, was bought by public subscription, and presented to the Leeds Mechanics' Institution and Literary Society, of whose hall it forms a principal ornament, and where it constantly reminds the young of one of the best models they can follow in the pursuit of honour and happi- ness. (For a long account of the presentation of Waller's portrait of the late Mr. Baines, see the Leeds Papers for September, 1850.) Still later, a large subscription was raised by very numerous contributors (of all parties) in Leeds and the neighbouring towns, with several of his old friends in both houses of parliament, to erect a statue in his honour in some public part of the town of Leeds. The statue was executed with great ability by Behnes, and is an excellent likeness. The size is colossal, being eight feet in height ; and it is made of a faultless block of Carrara marble. It was committed to the care of the Town-Council of Leeds, who placed it in the Town Hall (opened in the year 1858, by her Majesty Queen Victoria). A massive block of polished granite has been recently placed under the statue. In front of this pedestal is the following inscription, carved in letters of gold : — "To commemorate the public services and private virtues of Edward Baines, who faithfully, ably, and zealously represented the borough of Leeds in three successive parliaments. As a man, a citizen, and a patriot, he was distinguished by his integrity and perseverance, his benevolence and public spirit, his independence and consistency. This monument is erected by voluntary subscription, that posterity may know and emulate a character loved and honoured by his contemporaries. Born February 5th, 1774; died August 3rd, 1848." The above Sketch has been kiudly revised. REAR-ADMIRAL MARKLAND, C.B. 443 1780—1848.* KEAK-ADMIRAL MARKLAND, C.B., &c. John Duff Markland, born at Leeds September 14th, 1780, brother of the late Ralph Markland, Esq., of Leeds, was the second son of Edward Markland, Esq., formerly mayor of Leeds (for a short Sketch of whom, see p. 337), who died at Bath in 1832, and was descended from a family of the same name seated at Wigan, in Lancashire, in the reign of Richard II. He commenced his naval career in 1795, under the auspices of * — 1848. Mrs. Matthewmas, a native of Leeds, who died on the 1st of June, 1848, by her will directed the residue of her personal property to be applied by her trustees, William Beckett, Esq., and John Atkinson, Esq., in promoting, in the borough of Leeds, divine worship according to the liturgy and usages of the United Church of England and Ireland as by law estab- lished, in such a manner as her trustees or trustee for the time being, with the sanction of the Bishop of Bipon for the time being, should think fit. The appropriation of the fund was as follows: — Endowments of £150 per annum each have been wholly or partly provided for the incumbents of six new parishes, viz. : — For Buslingthorpe, the whole endowment • . . . . £5,000 For Burley, the whole endowment 5,000 For Burmantofts, the whole endowment .... 5,000 For Pottery Field, Hunslet, half of the endowment (the other £2,500 being provided by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners) . 2,500 For Brewery Field, Holbeck, half ditto (ditto) . . . . 2,500 For New "Wortley, half ditto (ditto) 2,500 Ten grants of £400 each were made (to meet £800 of additional subscriptions in each case), to provide parsonage houses for the incumbents of each of the following churches, viz. : —Christ church, St. Mary's, St. Luke's, St. Philip's, St. Matthew's, All Saints', St. Ceorge's, Armley, Farnley, and "Wortley. Three grants of £600 each (to meet £600 of additional subscriptions in eacli case) to provide parsonage houses for the three newly endowed districts of Buslingthorpe, Burley, and Burmantofts. A grant of £400 (to meet £600 additional subscriptions), to increase the endowment of the vicar of St. Andrew's church ; a parsonage house having been previously built by subscrip- tion. A grant of £100 towards a parsonage house for the incumbent of Wood- side, near Horsforth (a small portion of that district being within the borough). The total amount of grants towards endowments of new parishes was £22,500 ; ditto, to augment subscriptions for parsonage houses, &c, £6,300; total of Matthewman grants, £28,800. And this sum was augmented by grants from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners of £7,500 ; by additional subscriptions to meet the other grants, amounting to £10,400. Total additional subscriptions, £17,900. The result of this charitable lady's munificent bequest to the borough of Leeds has consequently been to cause an investment of £46,700, applied partly in improving the provision for twelve previously existing incum- bencies, and partly in endowing six new districts, which, on the consecration of churches within them, became new parishes for all ecclesiastical purposes. It has also led to the raising of more than £20,000 for the erection of churches for the six new parishes. The patronage of the three new parishes, viz., Buslingthorpe, Burley, and Burmantofts. has been vested by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners in bodies of five trustees for each. The patronage of the other three new churches, viz., St. Judo's, Hunslet; St. Barnabas', Holbeck; and New Wortley, belongs alternately to the Crown and the Bishop of the Diocese. — See the Leeds Intelligencer for November 26th, 1853. 444 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. his uncle, Captain John Cooke, of the Bellerophon, who fell in the battle of Trafalgar. He was midshipman of the Nymphe, at the capture of the French frigates Resistance and Constance in 1797, and of the Amethyst at the capture of the Dedaigneuse in 1801. He obtained his first commission as lieutenant in that year, and two years after he was raised to the rank of commander. In 1808, he was appointed to the Bustard brig, and was actively employed against the enemy for two years in the Adriatic, Archipelago, and on the coast of Barbary, and at the capture of a convoy near Trieste, in protecting Sicily from invasion by Murat's army. His commission as post-captain was dated the 18th of April, 1811. From 1811 to 1813, he served as flag-captain to Rear- Admiral Sir Thomas Fremantle, in the Milford, 74 guns. He was present at the captures of Fiume, Rovigno, Pisan, Capo d' Istria, and at the siege of Trieste. In April, 1830, he commissioned the Briton, 46 guns, for the Lisbon station, and received the thanks of the Admiralty and the British merchants at Lisbon, for his conduct in the protection of British interests during the civil disturbances which occurred in Portugal in the following year. He obtained the good-service pension in 1841, and was promoted to the rank of a retired rear-admiral, October 10th, 1846. He was gazetted on three occasions, viz., in 1809, and twice in 1813, and the imperial order of Leopold was stated in the Gazette of the 19th of March, 1816, to have been conferred upon him, " in approbation of the distinguished services rendered by him at the siege and capture of Trieste, and the other operations in Italy during the campaigns of 1812 and 1813." From his early years he was devoted to a naval life, not only from strong inclination, but from the noble emulation which the heroic acts of so many of his maternal ancestors, and the distinction obtained by them in naval history, would naturally excite. His mother was Elizabeth Sophia, the daughter and co-heiress of Josiah Hardy, Esq.,* governor of New Jersey, and afterwards * It is a remarkable fact that, in the eighteenth century, not fewer than five members of this family attained the rank of admiral, four of whom received knighthood, viz., Sir Thomas Hardy, distinguished in the expedition against Cadiz under Sir George Rooke, when in command of the Pembroke, and at Vigo, where the French fleet and several Spanish galleys were either taken or destroyed. His monument is on the south side of the west door of Westminster Abbey. His son was Admiral Sir Charles Hardy, and his grand- sons Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy, Eear- Admiral John Hardy, and Sir Charles Hardy, junior. Mr. Hardy, their brother, the grandfather of Admiral Mark- land, married the grand-daughter of Sir Thomas UAeth, Baronet, of Kent, and great grand-daughter of Sir John Narborough, whose widow married Sir Cloudesley Shovel, rear-admiral of the fleet. MR. THOMAS GRAY. 445 his Britannic Majesty's consul at Cadiz, a descendant of Clement le Hardy, who settled in Jersey about 1380. Admiral Mark- land's own career, as we have seen, was marked by services both honourable to himself and useful to his country. As an officer he was distinguished by ability, firmness, and zeal, by a close and unwearied attention to his duties, and by the most spotless honour and integrity. In private life he was justly endeared to his family and friends, by the excellence of his heart and the many amiable and pleasing qualities that adorned his character; and it may be said with strict truth, that his uniform study through life was to discharge his duty humbly and faithfully to his God, his country, and his fellow-creatures. Admiral Markland married, on the 8th of March, 1814, Helen Ellery, eldest daughter of Lewis Dynioke Grosvenor Tregonell, Esq., of Cranbourne Lodge, Dorset, and Bourne House, Hants, by whom he left one son and three daughters. He died at Bath, August 28th, 1848, in his sixty-eighth year. — For further information, see the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1848, p. 424; O'Byrne's Naval Biography; the United Service Journal; the Illustrated London News for September, 1848; the Annual Register, &c. See also Note, p. 371. 1787-1848.* ME. THOMAS GKAY, "The Bailway Pioneer," a native of Leeds (son of Mr. Robert Gray), published, in 1820, a Is. Gd. octavo, which went through five editions in five years, entitled " Observations on a General Iron Railway ; or, land steam-conveyance, to supersede * —1848. George Lane Fox, Esq., M.P., died November 15th, 1S48, at Bramham House, near Leeds, aged fifty-five. For many years Mr. Foa been subject to frequent interruptions of health, though wearing the appear- ance of a hale and robust man ; but we believe it was not till within a few days of his death that his illness assumed an alarming character. The family of the deceased is of ancient descent, and its representatives have Long been among the most influential and opulent of the commoners of England, and his father, James Fox Lane, Esq. , whom he succeeded in 1821 (for a Kkdeli <>f whom, see p. 283, &c), declined the honour of the peerage, which Mr. Pitt offered to confer upon him by the renewal of the Bingley peerage, e: on the death of his uncle, Lord Bingley, in 1772 (for a. Sketch of whom, Bee p. 173, &c), piquing himself on "being one of the very few old English families— a commoner (not a trader) of high birth and fortune." The last Lord Bingley (George Fox), inherited by will theestateoi Lord Lam jborough, and took the surname and arms of Lane in addition to those oi Fox. He had married Harriet, daughter and sole heiress of the Right Hon. Robert Benson, Baron Bingley, to whom a large giant of land on Bramham Moo,- was made, for his eminent services to the Government, and who laid out the grounds and built the magnificent house of Bramham Park, initially destroyed by fire in Julv, l«2v means "f heat; 1821, On the atomic theory ; 1822, On iodine ; Notice of bl charcoal by the galvanic battery; 1825, <>n nun naJity; 1826, The twentieth century, in verse; 1829, On the varieties of water; 1830, < »n the decline of the Roman empire, as related by Gibbon; L831, < >u fche boiling point of water under certain circumstances, with memorandum of experi- ments; 1832, Miscellaneous chemici 1 ol On the intellectual capacity of the negro; Bints in support of the mat< riality of caloric; L834, An account of the meeting of fche Brrl u at Edinburgh; On the temperature of the tunnel of the Leeds and Selby I 452 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Polytechnic Society, to which he contributed several valuable papers. He was lecturer on chemistry to the Leeds School of Medicine for fourteen years, from 1831 to 1845, when ill health obliged him to resign. He took a warm interest in the estab- lishment and prosperity of the Leeds Mechanics' Institute, of which he was a life-member from the commencement, and he was for several years one of its council. He took great interest in the proceedings of the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science, and from the list given in the Note it will be seen that in 1834 he read one paper, and in 1838 two papers, in reference to the meetings of that association, before the Philosophical and Literary Society of this town. He was a member of the association from its commencement; and was a local secretary and member of the council in 1844, when it held its second meeting at York, and contributed papers on applied chemistry. Mr. West was likewise a member of the Chemical Society of London from its first existence, in 1841, to the time of his death. It need scai'cely be added that he contributed several valuable papers to the society. Mr. West was elected a councillor for Hunslet ward, Leeds (in the place of Mr. Joshua Bowei", who had been elected an alderman), on the 16th November, 1844. He remained in the council until 1st November, 1847, when he was re-elected for the same ward; and finally went out of office as town-councillor on the 1st of November, 1850. Mr. West was also the local secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society in Leeds for many years. He was a member, from the beginning, of the Peace Congress, and a dele- gate to the meeting of that body at Paris in 1849. Mr. West was a member of the Society of Friends, of rather eccentric way ; 1835, On detection of arsenic ; 1837, On chemical notation, isomorphism, and isomerism ; 1838, An account of the scientific proceedings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Liverpool ; On the requisite arrangements for a meeting of the British Association in Leeds ; 1840, Hints on steam-engine boilers, locomotive engines, and railways ; 1842, Review of some portions of Professor Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences; 1845, Three lectures on chemical analysis; 1847, A comparison between the principal modern languages of Europe ; 1851, On explosions in coal-mines. Some of the papers in the above list were also read by Mx. West before the members of the West-Riding Geological and Polytechnic Society. The following is a list of his chief contributions to that society : — On the proportion of sulphur in coal; On data for a comparison between the heat yielded by coke and coal ; On a remarkable case of the action of spring- water on lead ; On some peculiar states of water of high temperatures, and on the freezing of water in red-hot vessels ; On water for steam-engines, its chemical analysis, and some proposed remedies for incrustations in boders ; On a remarkable boiler-crust composed of sulphate of lime ; On explosions in coal- mines, their causes and modes of prevention. NORRISON C. SCATCHERD, ESQ., F.S.A. 453 habits, and was distinguished, for active benevolence. — See the Leeds Papers, &c, especially the Intelligencer for September, 1851 ; the Reports, &c, of the above societies. 1780-1853.* NORRISON C. SCATCHERD, ESQ., F.S.A., Barrister-at-law, &c, died at Morley House, near Leeds, February lGth, 1853, aged seventy-three years. Mr. Norrison Cavendish Scatcherd was descended from a family resident at Morley for several generations, and was the eldest son of "Watson Scatcherd, Esq., a very successful member of the Northern bar, and, during the latter part of his life, a "West- Riding magistrate and chairman of sessions. Mr. Norrison Scatcherd, after being educated at Marylebone and Hipperholme schools, and graduating at Cambridge, was called to the bar by the Honourable Society of Gray's Inn on the 28th of November, 1806. He practised only for a very short time, and then betook himself entirely to music, literature, and antiquities. He published The History of Morley and its surrounding Villages, 1830, 8vo. ; "Memoirs of the celebrated Eugene Aram, who was executed for the murder of Daniel Clark in 1759; with some account of his family, and other particulars, collected, * — 1853. For a Sketch of Mr. Henry Schroeder, of Leeds, who 'wrote Butterworth's Minor's Life, a work that was once very popular, though now scarce ; composed the old song, beginning, " When first in London I arrived," &c. ; died February 18th, 1853, aged seventy-nine years. Shortly before his death he compiled the Annals of Yorkshire, &c. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. — 1854. For a long Sketch of James Montgomery, Esc/, (which has been withheld for want of space), who was born in 1771, and educated, from 1778 to 1788, at the establishment of the United Brethren, Fulneck, near Leeds. His father and mother were Moravian missionaries, who died amidst their labours in the "West Indies. He afterwards settled at Sheffield, and con- ducted The Iris till 1825. In 1835, Government granted him an unsolicited pension of £150 a year. In 1836, a collected edition of his Poems was issued in three volumes; another in four volumes, in 1849; and another in one volume, in 1851. He died April 30th, 1854; and on the day of his burial the shops and manufactories of Sheffield were almost all closed, many members of the corporation attending the funeral, as did also the vicar of Sheffield and twenty-four clergymen. By his will he left £900 to be distributed to various charities. — See his Memoirs, published in seven octavo volumes, by John Holland and James Everett; Public Characters; the British Quarterly Review for 1855; Knight's Cyclopcedia of Biography; Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography; tbe Annual Register for 1854, p. 298; the Christian Observer, vol. xL ; Darling's Cyclopcedia Bibliographica; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, kc. For a portrait and long Sketch, see also the New Monthly Magazine, vol. x., p. 513, &c. ; and also the Memovn prefixed to bis Poems. For portrait, &c, sec the European Magazine for January, 1825, p. 5; the Illustrated London Newt for Stay 6th, 1864, also June 10th, 1x54 (from a fine painting l>y R. Smith), For a Sonnet "•<)n tin- death of James Montgomery," by J. H. Eccles, of Leeds, Bee the Leedi Intel- ligenccr for June 17th, 1854. 454 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. for tlie most part, above thirty years ago," two editions; Gleanings after Eugene Aram; " A Treatise on Bridge Chapels ; including the history of the chapel upon "Wakefield Bridge." Mr. Scatcherd was also formerly a contributor to the Gentle- man's Magazine. His health had suffered considerably during the latter years of his life, which had interfered with his literary pursuits; but he had the gratification to be elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries on the 16th of Januaiy, 1851.* — See the Gentleman's Magazine for August, 1853, p. 205; Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, kc. 1790-1854.T THE REV. JOSEPH HOLMES, D.D., Head-master of the Leeds Free Grammar School for twenty- three years, died at Leeds, June 14th, 1854, in his sixty-fifth year. He was formerly Fellow and tutor of Queen's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A., 1812, as third wrangler; M.A., 1815; D.D., 1840. He left Cambridge in 1819, and was elected head-master of the Leeds Grammar School in the summer of 18 30, % as successor to the Rev. George Walker, M.A. He held no church preferment at the time of his death; but from the time of his becoming master of the school at Leeds he was the officiating minister of Trinity church, § till the death of the then incumbent, the Venerable J. Sheepshanks, archdeacon of Cornwall. Some years ago, when the question of the union of Church and State was much agitated, Dr. Holmes published a volume of very excellent Sermons, in which that union was most ably vindicated against the advocates of separation; but we are not aware that he has left behind him any other pub- lished works. He was a sound scholar, not only as a mathema- tician (of which his honourable degree at the university is a test), but as a classic and divine; and as an instructor of youth * In politics he was a Whig; in religion, a member of the Established Church. The erection and support of the church in his native village were in a great measure indebted to him. He was also noted for his kindness to the poor, and was ever ready to contribute in a case of distress. The above Sketch has been kindly revised by his son, Samuel Scatcherd, Esq., of Morley House, near Leeds. + — 1855. For a Sketch of the late Joseph Robert Atkinson, Esq., magistrate, of Elmwood House, Leeds; head of the firm of Hives and Atkinson, flax- spinners ; to whom a stained glass east window was afterwards inserted in St. Matthew's church, Little London, — see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for January 6th, August 4th, and December 29th, 1S55. X For some additional particulars respecting the Rev. Joseph Holmes, see the Biographical Sketch of Dean Milner, Note, p. 280. § In 1834, he published, at the request of the congregation, Five Sermons on a National Church Establishment, preached in Trinity church, Leeds. JOSHUA BOWER, ESQ. 455 he devoted his undivided labours to the duties of that arduous and important function with ability, zeal, and affection. The deceased was very much respected by his fellow-townsmen, and was always held in the highest esteem by his scholars. In March, 18-14, the trustees of the Leeds Grammar School pre- sented him with a donation of .£500 from the funds of the charity. In May, 1845, two silver-waiters, a tea and coffee service, inkstand, and basket were presented to him, on his retiring from the curacy of Trinity church, Leeds, by the con- gregation, as a token of their high respect and regard towards him, as curate of that church during a period of fourteen years. Some time ago a subscription was commenced by his scholars with the view of presenting to him some memorial of their regard; at the time of his death the amount subscribed was about £60. He resigned his appointment at the Christmas preceding his death, and was succeeded by the Rev. Alfred Barry, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, now principal of Cheltenham College, and son of Sir Charles Barry, architect of the new Houses of Parliament, &c. He left five sons, all of whom are in the church; and one daughter, married to the Rev. G. M. Gorham, M.A. One of his sons is the incumbent of the magnificent church, All Souls, Haley Hill, Halifax, built by Edward Akroyd, Esq. His funeral took place at Trinity church, Leeds. — See the Leeds Papers, especially the Intelligencer ; the Gentleman s Magazine for September, 1851, p. 312, &c. 1773-1855.* JOSHUA BOWER, ESQ., Alderman, crown and bottle-glass manufacturer, &c, died at his residence, Hillidge House, Hunslet, near Leeds, September 7th, 1855, aged eighty-two years. Commencing as a journey- man carpenter, he afterwards went into business for himself in * —1855. For a Sketch of Lieutenant James Marshall (son of T. H. Mar- shall, Esq., county-curt judge at Leeds, &c.)who was killed before S topol, and to whoiu a monument was afti ed in bhe Leeds pansh church, see the Leeds Intt >' ttd Septei 27th, 1856; Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c, p. r t For a Sketch of William James Wilson, Esq., formerly of wards senior surgeon of the Royal Infirmary, Manchester, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for July 5 5. For a long Sketch of the Might Hon. Svr WiUux (winch has been omitted for want of spa " ." '" July, 1837, as the ' ■'■>''■ '- "' I 1 ''' E ds .' rcury) for the repr< of Lee Is, and returned for borough, defeating Sir John Beckett in the following poll: Edward Bi . 2,028; Sir William Moksworth, Bart., u John Beckett, Bart, 45$ BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS'* a small way, and ultimately became possessed of works as a manufacturer of crown-glass, by which he raised the greater part of his fortune. He was also one of the largest toll-farmers in England, having at one time nearly all the tolls between Leeds and London, some in Hants, Dorset, and Wilts, besides numerous others in various parts of the country. He was also the proprietor of extensive coal-mines. He died, it is supposed, worth £100,000. The deceased was well known for the con- spicuous part he had taken in most of the political movements of the present century, and was always a welcome speaker at public meetings, uttering sound truths in Saxon-Euglish, and accompanying them with illustrations at which the most fas- tidious were compelled to smile for their quaintness, and applaud for their point. Mr. Joshua Bower had a keen eye for the prac- tical in politics, and though a Radical in principle, never refused to join others in seeking a real reform because it did not quite meet his own view of what was desirable. He was a candidate for the representation of Leeds at the election of 1834, and obtained the largest show of hands on Woodhouse Moor, but was defeated at the poll. He was a member of the town- council for the Hunslet ward, from the passing of the Muni- cipal Reform Act, in 1835, and held the office of alderman for the borough from November, 1844. Mr. Bower was the archi- tect of his own fortune, and succeeded in amassing a large sum, giving employment to many hundreds of the inhabitants of Hunslet, &c. — See the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1855, p. 446; the Leeds Papers, &c. —1855.* ME. JOSEPH EHODES, Who, for more than half a century, held a prominent place among the artists and art-teachers of Yorkshire, died April 7th, 1,759. On the dissolution of 1841 he had reason to suspect that Leeds could not return two liberal members. He accordingly did not contest the town, resigning his interest to Mr. Joseph Hume, the veteran reformer, who, how- ever, was defeated by Mr. William Beckett, and lost Leeds by a minority of ten votes. Sir William Moles worth was afterwards M.P. for Southwark, and her Majesty's principal Secretary of State for the colonies, &c. — See the Annual Register for 1855, p. 313; the Gentleman 7 s Magazine for December, 1855, p. 645, &c. ; The Times ; the Daily News; the Examiner; the Athenwum, &c. ; the Leeds Papers; Mayhall's Annals of Leeds, &c., p. 670, &c. For a portrait, &c, sec the Illustrated London Hews for October 27th, 1855, &c. * — 1855. For a Sketch of John Atkinson, Esq., of Little Woodhouse, Leeds, solicitor, of the firm of Atkinson, Dibb, and Atkinson, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for November 17th, 1855, and August 2nd, 1856. THE REV. HICHAM) SHEEPSHANKS, SI.A., P.R.S. 457 1855, after a tedious illness of nearly two years' duration.* Mr. Rhodes "was a native of Leeds, and was apprenticed to a house-painter in that town ; at the expiration of his term of servitude he went to London, and was employed in the establishment of a japanner in decorating articles of furniture. He was subsequently engaged by M. San Jusse to assist in the chromatic ornamentation of architecture in the mansions of the wealthy. In his leisure hours from these engagements, he occu- pied himself in acquiring a more intimate knowledge of drawing and painting, for which purpose he entered the schools of the Royal Academy, when West and Fuseli were superintending the studies there. He also designed and made drawings for the best wood-engravers of that time, and was offered an engage- ment by the managers of Drury Lane theatre, then perhaps in its most flourishing condition, as scene-painter and decorator; but his contract with M. San Jusse compelled him to decline its acceptance. Having married while in London, the delicate state of his wife's health induced him to quit the metropolis and return to Leeds, where he established a school for drawing, which existed for forty years. Among his scholars were Robin- son, Smith, Topham, Atkinson, Cromek, &c. "So numerous," says the Huddersfield Chronicle, "were the pupils instructed by Mr. Rhodes, and so long continued his services in this branch, that he has been emphatically designated the Father of Art in Yorkshire." His artistic talents Avere very varied; figures, landscapes, fruit, and flowers were produced by his pencil with success. — See the Leeds Papers; the Art- Journal for June, 1855, p. 192; the Gentleman's Magassme for July, 1855, p. 103, &c. See also a Sketch of his son, Mr. John 1ST. Rhodes, who died in 1842, p. 395, &c. 1794—1855. THE REV. RICHARD SHEEPSHANKS, M.A., F.R.S., &c, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a Follow of the * The loss sustained to Lis profession will be one not to lie replaced. Mr Khodes's talents embraced cverv branch of artistic -kill. Admitted at an eariy age to the studies of the Royal Academy, he there acquired a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the human figure. An ardent Bpii i1 oi Love for nature— a keen perception and quick eye enabled him to portray and transmit on canvas scenes throughout the counties of Yorkshire, WestE land, Cumberland, Nottingham, and Lincoln, abounding with the luxuriant diversities of effect; whilst fruit, cattle, and (lowers were dep with a, truthfulness almost akin to nature's self. The galleries in this ami the surrounding counties are stored with rich specimens of his skill. His memory will lie held in high esteem by all members of the profession, as well as his personal friends, and his works will carry down to after ages unmistakable evidence of his artistic ability. 45S BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Royal, Geological, and Astronomical Societies, died suddenly, from an attack of paralysis, August 7th, 1855, aged sixty-one. He was descended from a wealthy Leeds family engaged in the woollen trade, and was brother to Mr. John Sheepshanks, owner of the renowned gallery of British art at Rutland Gate, afterwards munificently bequeathed to the nation, and now exhibited at the Kensington Museum. He studied in early life for the law, and was subsequently called to the bar by the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, June 14th, 1825; but in 1828 he relinquished that profession for the Church, and, never having married, he retained his Fellowship at Trinity College, Cambridge, to the day of his death. Desirous of cultivating his taste for astronomical science, and being possessed of ample means, Mr. Sheepshanks never accepted any cure, but devoted himself wholly to scientific pursuits. He had an observatory, first in London and afterwards at Reading, containing a fine transit instrument, and he had a room devoted to his use, for the performance of experiments, beneath the apartments of the Astronomical Society at Somei-set House. When the standard weights and measures of England were destroyed at the burning of the Houses of Parliament, Mr. Sheepshanks was one of the commissioners, in conjunction with the astronomer-royal, Professor Miller, and Sir John Herschel, appointed for the preparation of a new national standard, and many an anxious hour did he devote to the necessary comparison of standards — for the restoration of the yard, more particularly — in his under- ground room at Somerset House, where his experiments were least influenced by variations of temperature. For some years he edited the Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society, in conjunction with Professor De Morgan. Mr. Sheepshanks also took a warm interest in determining the longitude of places in England and Ireland, not perfectly known, and, spaiing no expense, would set out on his journey with as many as seven or eight of the finest chronometers. He was also extremely active at one period of his life in aiding the statistical surveys of population, &c, that had to be made preparatory to the Reform Bill. Mr. Sheepshanks's principal literary labour was the con- tribution of a valuable series of papers to the Penny Cyclopaedia, descriptive of instruments and their mode of adjustment, and he also furnished that publication with all its astronomical and geodesical formula?. He possessed a beautiful collection of instruments useful in navigation and scientific travelling, and was constantly engaged in making experiments. He was exceedingly liberal in lending them wherever they could be JOHN HARDY, ESQ., M.P. 459 made available for scientific purposes, and many were given away. Mr. Sheepshanks was a man of excellent company, clever and witty in conversation, and everywhere greatly respected. He resided with a sister, to whom, we believe, he left all his property, including his instruments, which were to be devoted to some useful purpose. His uncle, the Yen. John Sheepshanks, 21. A., archdeacon of Cornwall, and incumbent of Trinity church, Leeds, died December 21st, 1844. — See the Literary Gazette; the Gentleman's Magazine for September, 1855, p. 321, &c. See also the Sketch of his uncle, the Rev. William Sheepshanks, with Notes, who died in 1810, p. 239, &c. — The above Sketch has been kindly revised. 1773—1855.* JOHN HARDY, ESQ., M.P., Recorder of Leeds for twenty-seven years; deputy-lieutenant and magistrate of the West-Riding of Yorkshire, and after- wards M.P. for Bradford, died at Dunstall Hall, Staffordshire, September 29th, 1855, in his eighty-second year.t Mr. Hardy was the eldest son of John Hardy, Esq., and was born in 1773. He was called to the bar by the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple on the 7th of June, 1799. He practised as a special pleader, and was for some years a distinguished member * 1856. For a short account of Edward John Teale, Esq., solicitor, of Leeds, deputy-registrar of the diocese of Ripon, and general lay secretary of the Ripon Diocesan Church Building Society and Ripon Diocesan Board of Education, see the Leeds Intelligencer for February 16th, 1856, &c. + For a long poetical Sketch of John Hardy, Esq., then of Heath, near Wakefield, see p. 142, &c, of " The Bar, with Sketches of eminent Judges, Barristers, &c, a Poem, with Notes," published at Leeds, in 1825, by Robin- son and Hernaman, in two parts. He was a man of refined taste, and possessed considerable powers of eloquence, which were at first displayed at the bar, and subsequently in the wider arena afforded by politic iona within and without the House of Commons. He was an ardent ami zealous defender of the great principles of " our glorious constitution," and was not a less faithful guardian of the most valuable of our institutions. He was a liberal supporter of education and religion; ami in schools ami church has left behind him rich legacies of usefulness to future generations. The Bradford Observer, a journal opposed to I plea of Mr. Manly, thus speaks of him : — " In private life Mr. Hard] bed for social virtues, and was deservedly and universally belov< ncere and pious Christian, an amiable and benevolent man. Three churches wi by his individual munificence, and a fourth is about to be erected. Tic- Bible Society, the Chiirch Missionary Society, ai kindred institution found in him a liberal supporter, and an earnest and into dvocate. H< among the earliest and mosl generous friends of tie Bi Fo d ft names' Institute, and, if in no other way, a i lea b; donation, he is entitled to rank among its founders. Having fini bed to his lathers — like a shock of com fully ripe. Mr. Hard;, bad imily — twelve children, we believe — of whom only three are sons," 460 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of tlie Northern Circuit, and also attended the West-Riding Sessions. He was chief steward of the Honour of Pontefract, and recorder of Leeds from 1806 to 1833, when he resigned that office in order to attend more continually to his parlia- mentary duties. At the first election for Bradford after the Refoi-m Act he was returned after the following poll: — Ellis Cunliffe Lister, Esq., 650; John Hardy, Esq., 471; George Banks, Esq., 402. Again in 1835: — John Hardy, Esq., 611; Ellis Cunliffe Lister, Esq., 589; George Hadfield, Esq., 392. In 1837 he was thrown out by Mr. Busfield: — Ellis Cunliffe Lister, Esq., 635; "William Busfield, Esq., sen., 621; John Hardy, Esq., 443; William Busfield, Esq., jun., 383. In 1841 he recovered his seat: — John Hardy, Esq., 612; William Cun- liffe Lister, Esq., 540; William Busfield, Esq., sen., 536. At the dissolution of 1847 he retired. Whilst in parliament he brought forward in a very able manner the Carlow election case, in which D. O'Connell was so notoriously concerned. Having invested his property largely as an ironmaster, he was latterly possessed of great wealth, and few men have made a better use of it. In April, 1848, he presented (to the Bev. Dr. Burnet, vicar of Bradford) the munificent sum of £6,000 in aid of the erection and endowment of churches in Bradford and neigh- bourhood. On first entering parliament his politics were extremely Radical — being in favour of the ballot, household suffrage, shorter parliaments, &c. He was, however, opposed to free trade, when not reciprocal ; and he afterwards declared him- self a Conservative, "on the principles and opinions expressed by Sir Robert Peel in his address of 1835." Mr. Hardy mar- ried, in 1804, Isabel, daughter of Richard Gathorne, Esq., of Kirkby Lonsdale; she died January 11th, 1834, leaving issue.* * John Hardy, Esq., eldest son, M.P. for Dartmouth, born in 1809; married, in 1846, Laura, daughter of William Holbech, Esq., of Farnborough, War- wickshire; educated at Oriel College, Oxford; is a Conservative and "a sincere supporter of those constitutional principles which have so long secured for us the blessings of civil and religious liberty." First elected for Dart- mouth, in November, 1860. Residence, Dunstall Hall, Burton-on-Trent. Charles Hardy, Esq., J. P., second son, an ironmaster at Bradford. Gathorne Hardy, Esq., third son (of John Hardy, Esq., who represented Bradford for ten years), M.P. for Leominster; born at Bradford, in 1814; married, in 1838, Jane, daughter of James Orr, Esq. ; educated at Shrewsbury School and at Oriel College, Oxford, where he was second class in classics, and graduated B.A. in 1836; called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1840, but has ceased to practise. Was Under-Secretary for the Home Department from March, 1858, till June, 1859. Became a deputy-lieutenant of the West- Riding of York, May, 1856, for which he is also a magistrate. A Conser- vative; in favour of extending education " based on religion," but objects to "compulsory rates" for that purpose; opposed to centralization, and to WILLIAM WILLIAMS BROWN, ESQ. 461 For other particulars, see the Leeds Intelligencer for October 6th, 1855; the Gentleman's Magazine for December, 1855, p. 655, &c. The above Sketch has been kindly revised. 1788—1856. WILLIAM WILLIAMS BEOWN, ESQ., Banker, and alderman, of Leeds, died January 26th, 1856, aged sixty-seven.* He was well known as being the head of one of the only two private banking establishments then remaining in Leeds. Between forty and fifty years ago he joined in estab- lishing the firms of Nicholson,? Brown, and Co., of Leeds, and Nicholson, Janson, and Co., of London; and he subsequently became the head of the firms of William Williams Brown founding representation " on mere numbers." Unsuccessfully contested Bradford in July, 1847; first elected for Leominster, in February, 1S56. Residence, Hemsted, Staplehurst, Kent.— See Dod's Parliamentary Com- panion for 1864, &c. * He was tbe son of James Brown, Esq., an eminent merchant of Leeds, who married, in 1785, Anne, only daughter and heiress of Samuel Williams, Esq of the same place, and had two sons, namely— I. James, his heir, of whom presently; II. William Williams, of AUerton Hall, near Leeds, a banker in Leeds and London, born February 10th, 1788; married, November 23rd 1812, Margaret Brockden, only child of Isaac Duncan, of Philadelphia, and W her, who died in May, 1820, had one son and two daughters, viz.— 1, Samuel James, born October 25th, 1814; married, June 1st, 1841, Jacobma Maria Sophia, eldest daughter of Sir Joseph Radcliffe, Bart. ; 2, Ann Williams, married to Thomas Benyon, Esq., late of Gledhow Hall, near Leeds, and died in February, 1852 ; 3, Margaret Duncan, married, in 1842, to Lieu- tenant-Colonel Dunn, Royal Artillery. Mr. Brown died in 1813, and was succeeded by his elder son, James Brown, Esq., of Harehills Grove, near Leeds, J.P. andD.L. for the West-Riding of Yorkshire, born in 17815; married, in 1811, Charlotte, third daughter of Matthew Rhodes, Esq., of Campfield, near Leeds, and had issue (with three daughters) James Brown, Esq., late of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Harehills Grove, near Leeds, born m April, 1814- a ma°istrate and deputy-lieutenant of the West-Riding of "iorkslnre; has been high-sheriff of that county; formerly a merchant and manufacturer in Leeds; now of Rossington, near Bawtry, and Copsgrove Hall, Borough- bridge; M.P. for Malton; first elected in 1857. —See Burke's Landed Gentry; Dod'°s Parliamentary Companion, &c. t William Nicholson, who died in 1812, had issue— 1, Thomas Nicholson, Esq of Roundhav Park, a banker in Leeds and London, who died, without issue, January 14th, 1821; 2, Stephen Nicholson, Esq., of Boundhay Park, near Leeds, born in January, 1779; married, in December, 1801, Sarah, second daughter of Matthew Rhodes, Esq., of Campfield, near Leeds; 3, Mary, married Thomas Phillips, of Leeds, merchant, and then- eldesi bi ... William Nicholson Phillips M.A., J.P. West-Riding of \ ..rkslnre, assumed by royal licence, dated 13th October, 1827, the surname of hu uncle," Stephen Nicholson, Esq. He was horn lv.r.nber L2th, 1803; mai October 2nd, 1827, Martha, third and youngest daughter and co Abram Rhodes, Esq., of Boundhay and Wold, Newton Hall, ■ „ the coun£ of York, and has, with four daughters, Lucy .lul,,^,,!,,,,!,. and Emily, several sons-Thomas, born September 18th, 1829; Rhodes, bora Ju y 9th, 1830; Stephen, born November 10th, 1831; Albert Henry. Wn . „ly H, I,. 1833- Walter born January 27th, 1840.fcc.-Sec Burke's Landed (.entry,..-. 462 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. and Co., and Brown, Janson, and Co., which succeeded them, and which are now in deserved repute as among the most respectable banking-houses in the country. Mr. Brown was a very judicious, cautious, and skilful banker. He was of very courteous manners, but of a retiring disposition.* He was a magistrate for the borough of Leeds, and also for the West- Bidinc. Their banking establishment is in Commercial Street; and the premises have lately undergone extensive alterations, both interior and exterior. The style is Italian, and does great credit to the architect. This building may be now considered one of the most beautiful of its kind in Leeds. In April, 1852, William Williams Brown, Esq., presented to the Leeds Philo- sophical Hall a valuable specimen of the ichthyosaurus, an extinct fossil reptile. — See the Leeds Papers for February, 1856. 1799-1856. JOHN WILKINSON, ESQ., Head of the firm of Messrs. Wilkinson and Co., flax-spinners, of Hunslet, and one of the Leeds borough magistrates, of Gledhow Mount, near Leeds, died March 12th, 1856, aged fifty-seven years. He was remarkable for his eminent business talents, by means of which he raised himself from a comparatively humble position to be the head of one of the first manufacturing establishments in Leeds. He possessed great sagacity, a clear and calni judgment, indefatigable industry, and a veiy enterprising spirit He was a man of the highest honoiir and integrity, remarkable for a warm-hearted and open-handed benevolence, and for zeal on behalf of the moral and intellectual welfare of the mimerous workpeople in his mills. For their benefit he erected excellent schools, which he sustained in a state of great efficiency, and at considerable expense to himself. The flax -mills, called Hunslet Mills, were built by him, and are generally considered models * Though he took some part in most of the leading public affairs of the borough, he was not what is usually considered an active public man. As a magistrate he was attentive to the evidence adduced in the cases brought before him, and his judgments were free from prejudice and generally tempered with mercy. He was a man of excellent moral temperament, and was both judi- cious and liberal in the dispensing of charity; always giving to the most deserving objects, both public and private. In politics he held "Whig prin- ciples, but with a moderation that was highly commendable. He was a member of the Established Churcb, and a supporter of several Church societies. Just before his death he had contributed most liberally to the restoration of the church at Chapel-Allerton, and his private benefactions were considerable in the neighbourhood of that village. The death of Mr. W. VT. Brown was deeply lamented, both ou public and private grounds, and he left behind him the remembrance of a good and honest man. — For a long account of his funeral, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for February 2nd, 1856. THE THIRD EARL OP HAREWOOD. 4G3 of order, cleanliness, and arrangement. He was intelligently- alive to all questions of public interest, and was a Liberal in politics. He was esteemed by all who knew him, both in his public and private life. Mr. Wilkinson was twice married, and he left behind him a widow and two sons and two daughters; one of whom was married, in May, 18-16, by Mr. Joshua Burton, son of John Burton, Esq., of Boundhay. His remains were interred in the Woodhouse Cemetery, near Leeds. — The above Sketch has been kindly revised. See the Leeds Papers for March, 1856. 1797-1857. THE THIRD EARL OF HAREWOOD, Lord-lieutenant of the West-Biding, died at Hare wood House, near Leeds, February 22nd, 18-57, in his sixtieth year. The deceased earl was born on the 11th of June, 1797, and was the second son of Henry, the second earl, who formerly represented the county of York ; his elder brother, Edward, having died in 1839, he became earl on the death of his father in November, 1841. He married, in July, 1823, Lady Louisa Thynne, second daughter of the second Marquis of Bath, who survived him two years, leaving a large family of sons and daughters.* The noble earl was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He entered the army before he was eighteen years of age, having obtained an ensigncy in the Grenadier Guards in April, 1814. He was at the battle of Waterloo, and was slightly wounded there, whilst bearing the standard of his regiment (June 18th, 181o). He retired on half-pay in 1820, and wholly quitted the army in 1831 ; but while he was on half-pay, and for several years after- wards, he held a commission in the Yeomanry Cavalry corps. * 1, Henry Thynne, the present Earl; 2, the Hon. Egremont William, born in 1825, late captain Grenadier Guards, major 1st West Sork Militia; married, in 1851), Jessie Elizabeth, daughter of Neil Malcolm, Esq., and has issue; 3, the Hon. George Edwin, born in 1826; married, in 1851, Louisa Nina Murray, only daughter of the Earl of Mansfield, K.T., and I 4, the Hon. Algernon Francis, horn in 1828, died in 1st:., buried ai Bare- wood; 5, the Hon. Alfred Daniel, horn in 1829, died in 1845, buried at I wood; G, the Hon. and Rev. James Walter, rector of Goldsborough, born hi 1831, married, in 1856, Emma, daughter of William Miles, Esq., BLR, oi Leigh Court, Somersetshire, and has a son, horn m 1858; 7, the a.on.B Doug 1830; Uxfbridg Mary Elizabeth, born in May, L842; 6, Lady Maud Caroline, born in Novwn- ber, 184G.— See the I'ccrages, &c. 464 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. called the Yorkshire Hussars, from 1826 to 1831. As the Hon. Henry Lascelles, he represented the borough of Northallerton for some years in parliament. His lordship succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father, the second Earl of Hare- wood, at the close of 1841, and was appointed lorddieutenant of the West-Riding on the death of Lord Wharncliffe in 1846.* His lordship died twenty-eight days and a half after suffering a fracture of the skull and other injuries from his horse falling while following the Bramham-Moor fox-hounds, f For many years he had been noted as a careful rider, and at the time of the accident was passing through an opening in a hedge which * In 1845, great rejoicings took place at Harewood House, on the occasion of Viscount Lascelles, his eldest son, having attained his majority. Old English hospitality was dispensed with a very liberal hand, and few there were who came away empty. (For a long account of the " Grand Festivities at Harewood House," with four engravings, see the Illustrated London News for November, 1845. ) During the last few years the mansion has undergone such extensive improvements and alterations, that the style of the exterior is altogether changed. In the centre of the north front, now considerably elevated, is exhibited the family crest, sculptured in bold relief, the whole supported by fluted Corinthian pillars, exquisitely carved. Each of the wings has been proportionately raised, so that the edifice now presents an air of solidity and grandeur which cannot fail to excite admiration. On the south front, which displays corresponding architectural beauties, a terrace has been formed that, for extent and beauty of design, is equal to anything of the kind in England. The interior has also in a great measure been changed, and the alterations effected have not only led to the formation of a greater number of apartments, but have materially improved the general plan and arrangements. The work is still proceeding, and, when completed, will have cost several thousand pounds. Among the paintings recently added is an equestrian portrait of the late (third) earl, representing him mounted on a favourite mare, ready for the chase, with a number of fox-hounds in the fore- ground. This portrait, presented to his lordship by the members of the hunt, was painted by Francis Grant, Esq., R.A., and is a splendid production of art. The likeness of the noble earl is well preserved, and the mare and dogs have been pronounced by that eminent artist, Landseer, to be perfect. (For a lengthened description of this equestrian portrait (Grant's chef-d'ceuvre), and its presentation, see the Leeds Intelligencer for January 22ud, 1848, &c. ) The situation of Harewood House is one of great natural beauty, and as the residence of a noble family it is now entitled to rank with the first in the kingdom. The church of Harewood is of great antiquity. It contains numerous monuments, the most distinguished of which is that of Sir William Gascoigne, of Gawthorpe, Knight, lord chief-justice of England. Near this monument rest the remains of Sir Thomas Denison, a judge, who was born at Leeds, and died in 1765, and whose epitaph, it is said, was the composition of Lord Mansfield. — See pages 70 and 169. + On Saturday morning, the 24th of January, 1857, the "meet" took place at Stockeld Park, near Spofforth (the seat of J. B. Faviell, Esq.), and in the course of the run the noble earl took an ordinary fence, but discovered when too late that there was a sheep-net on the opposite side, in the meshes of which the hind feet of his hunter got entangled. The horse, a fine spirited animal, plunged violently, and in the struggle fell, rolling over his lordship, and inflicting, besides a compound fracture of the skull, severe internal injuries of the chest. Mr. T. P. Teale, of Leeds, Mr. G. Smith, the family surgeon, and Mr. 0. Hawkins, the eminent metropolitan surgeon, were called in, and THE THIRD EARL OF HAREWOOD. 465 separated two fields; but not observing a sheep-net that was affixed to the bottom of the opening, the hind feet and legs of the horse became entangled in the net, the animal was tin-own down, and in its struggles to get free it kicked or struck him on the head, inflicting a compound fracture of the skull. Immedi- ately after the accident medical and surgical assistance was pro- cured; and, although the worst results were apprehended from the first, his lordship progressed favourably for three weeks. The Countess of Harewood, the sons and daughters of the noble earl, and other near kindred, were present when his lord- ship expired. The late earl was an excellent landlord, and did much to promote the moral, social, intellectual, and religious interests of his humbler fellow-beings by encouraging and sup- porting schools, mechanics' institutes, and churches.* It is somewhat singular that the deaths of the last two Earls of Harewood were both connected with following fox-hounds — the one died at the age of seventy-three yeai\s, when returning to Harewood House after hunting, and the death of the other was caused under the circumstances mentioned above. The latter earl had twice previously narrowly escaped serious injury or death. In the battle of Waterloo he was carried off his legs by the bursting of a bomb-shell; was reported dead, but recovered, having suffered no permanent injury; and about six yeai's after that he was shooting sea-fowl off Cowes, Isle of Wight, when a gun burst in his hands, and did serious injury to three other persons, but little or none to his lordship. He was a Conserva- tive ; though for some years he had scarcely taken any part in politics, but confined himself to his duties as lord-lieutenant, to the promotion of various public objects, benevolent and religious, every measure was adopted that surgical skill could devise, and the most judicious care could do, but on Thursday, February 19th, he had a sudden return of erysipelas, with increased violence; the membranes of the brain were necessarily affected; convulsions followed, and the noble earl expired on Sunday morning, February 22nd, 1857. * "His memory will long be cherished. In all the varied duties of his position he maintained the honour and reputation of his house. As i ble- man his actions, though unostentatious and unassumin lustre over his name <>f which his descendants may feel justlj pi few public movements in the county of a reli | bilanthropic charactei of which he has not been the warm sup; patron. & sincere admirer of the Established < ihurch, he was evi r Looked up to with esteem by the clergy and churchmen of all 'school-.' Thi bis life were those of charity, and his last appeal a public man, on the occasion of his presiding over the meeting at Leeds to promote the Bishop Longley Endowment Fund, a few days before the accident which i his death. was combined with other acts which, if less noticeable in their nature, i equally honourable to his noble character. " c; G 4G6 EIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSlg, and to the interests of his family and tenantry. He was ail amiable man, of cheerful disposition and obliging manners, unostentatious, and living quietly in the style that became his rank and fortune. He was highly respected by his neighbours and tenants, as well as by the magistrates and gentry of the West-Riding. The noble earl was succeeded in his title and estates by his eldest son, Henry Thynne, Viscount Lascelles, who was born on the 18th of June, 1824; educated at Eton and : Christ Church, Oxford; deputy-lieutenant for the West-Riding of Yorkshire, and colonel of the West-Riding Hussars ; and' married, first, in 1845, Lady Elizabeth Joanna de Burgh, eldest daughter of the present Marquis of Clanricarde. Her ladyship- died in 1854, leaving several children.* The earl married,, secondly, in April, 1858, Diana Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Colonel J. H. Smyth, M.P., of Heath Hall, near Wakefield.— For additional particulars, see the Leeds Papers; the Annual Register for 1857, p. 293; the Gentleman 's Magazine for April, 1857; Jones's History of Hareivood ; Burke's Peerage; May- hall's Annals of Leeds, &c. See also a Sketch of the second Earl of Harewood, p. 390, &c. 1801—1857. ROBERT HALL, ESQ., M.A., M.P. For the borough of Leeds, died at Folkestone, after a short illness, on the 26th of May, 1857. At the general election of the preceding March he was returned after a close and severe contest, the labour and excitement of which had occasioned such debility to his system, that he died after a few days' illness of influenza, t He was born in Kirkgate, Leeds, on the * 1, Henry ITlick, Viscount Lascelles, born August 21st, 1846; 2, the Hon. Frederick Canning, born May 6th, 1848; 3, the Hon. Gerald "William, Bora October 26th, 1849 ; 4, the Hon. Charles George, born January 23rd, 1851 ; 1, Lady Constance Mary, born May 26th, 1852; 2, Lady Margaret Joan, bom October 2nd, 1853, &c. ■f" The following is a portion of a leading article on "our late member," from the Leeds Intelligencer: — "It is a melancholy, yet not altogether ungrateful task to pay tribute to the viriaies of a good man departed. We can call to mind his many virtues, we can ponder over his good qualities, we can review his gracious acts ; and, although he is lost to us, we can trust that his example will still exert its influence upon us, and that his life will not have been spent in vain. Of him it may well be said that he was a truly good man, and that his life has been well spent. Highly distinguished in his pro- fession, he was still more esteemed in his private relations. Enemies he had none; and of those who differed from him in his opinions, there is not one, we believe, who would not bear willing testimony to his sincerity, zeal, ear- nestness, and truth. As a lawyer he ranked amongst the soundest; as a judge he was an ornament to the bench; as a friend he secured the love of all who knew him ; as a man he diligently endeavoured to do all the good that in ROBERT HALL, ESQ., M.A., M.P. 467 15th of November, 1801, and was the only child of the (late) venerable Henry Hall, Esq., of Bank Lodge, the representative of one of the oldest and most respected families in Leeds, by Grace, eldest daughter and the only surviving child of the late Robert Butterfield, Esq., of Halifax. He was educated at the Grammar School, Heath, near Halifax, where he remained three years, and at the Grammar School, Leeds, under the care of the Rev. George Page Richards and the Rev. George Walker, M.A.* After a most successful school career, he entered as a commoner at Christ Church, Oxford. There he took the degree of B.A. in 1823, being placed in the first class in classics, and in the second class in mathematics; and of M.A. in 1826. In 1828 he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. On the 8th of September, 1829, he married Maria Clay Tennant, second daughter of Thomas Tennant, Esq., thrice mayor of Leeds, and remained in Leeds until 1835, when he removed to Dean's Yard, Westminster, occupying chambers in the Middle Temple, Ins sphere of life he could accomplish. To those who -were not acquainted with him this may seem over-wrought praise, but those who knew him well know also that no terms of commendation can exaggerate his merits. Laudation is common-place, and is apt to run into rhapsody, and yet without laudation we cannot speak of Mr. Hall in terms that are befitting. A labori- ous but eminently useful life opened up to him the prospects of honourable ambition. Respected at the bar, he was still more deeply regarded on the bench ; and when at length another prospect was presented to him, when his fellow-townsmen conferred upon him the highest honour they could bestow, by sending him to represent them in parliament, there was every hope that his practical usefulness, having a greater field for exertion, would be still more beneficially displayed than in that smaller area in which he hail for years been unobtrusively but diligently doing his allotted work. But this was m it to be. Cut off in the mid-day of life, he exemplifies the frail tenure of this world; yet leaves behind him to each of us who knew him, and who knowing him esteemed and loved him, this solemn lesson, 'Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might.' We need scarcely add that Mr. Hall was a man of deep religious convictions, and never failed in the hour of trial to find consolation in the Bible, of which he was a constant stud at. In the inscrutable wisdom of God he has been called to his account, when the future promised a long career of usefulness, and when lie had won the honours due to the past; but in the memory which he leaves behind him there is traceable the silver lining that fringes the darkest cloud." His remains, followed bj a numerous attendance of the magistracy and gentry of the town, were ii 1 1 ■ at Whitkirk church by the Rev. Dr. Hook and the Rev. A. MarMneau, 1 1 funeral sermon was preached at the Leeds parish church by the Rev. Dr. Hook, who referred to Mr. Hall's connection with the pariah church, of « he was a patron, observing that he was christe 1, confirmed, and married there, and that there he first became a communicant. 3.6 re* rr< & to Mr. Hall's great attainments and bis high position, and spoke of his deep reli feebng as that which afforded the stroi gest comfori in the hour- of affliction. * His habits at this time were steady and Bedate, as in after life: and in the pursuit of his studies, which were of a preparatory character tor the uni- versity, he was ever in advance of his fellow-pupils, almost invariably standing at the head of his class. 4G8 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEXSIS. and enjoying an extensive and increasing practice to the day of his death. He was a distinguished member of the Northern Circuit, and being deeply read in law, and possessing a sound and cautious judgment, which seldom led him astray in giving his opinion on the questions submitted to him, he acquired extensive practice, with the general esteem and respect of his brethren at the bar, and the profession in general. In 1842 he was appointed deputy-recorder, or assistant at the sessions of Leeds; and in 1845 recorder of Doncaster, the duties of which he exercised until his death — with the exception of an interval in 1855, in consequence of a serious railway accident, by which both his arms and both his legs were fractured, and other severe injuries, for which, after a trial at the assizes at York, he obtained £4,500 from the Great Northern .Railway Company. In 1848 he was appointed lecturer on common law at the Inner Temple, and held the appointment until 1852. His energies and talents were not exclusively devoted to his professional duties; the important social and political questions of the day largely engaged his attention. During his residence at Leeds he was a member of the committee of Pious Uses, a patron of the vicarage, and took an active interest in the prosperity of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, before the members of which he read many valuable papers, and was a supporter of the numerous charitable and social institutions of the town. The promotion of education and the social condition of the lower classes were his special objects of interest. He originated and personally superintended a Sunday school at Richmond Road, Bank; and on his removal to Westminster became a teacher of the first class in the Sunday schools of St. John's, in the church of Avhich parish an appropriate and elegant tablet has been erected to his memory by his fellow-teachers and pupils. Of late years his studies had been directed more especi- ally to the important question of the treatment of juvenile criminals, to which his mind was forcibly turned by the painful experiences which his judicial duties but too frequently afforded. During the long vacations he usually visited the continent, and inspected the principal reformatories in France, Belgium, and Germany, and during these tours secured the friendship of M. de Metz, one of the founders of Mettray, and other eminent philanthropists. Subsequently he published two lectures — one on Mettray, and the other Visits to Continental Reformatories, in which he gave expression to his own views* on this great * Those views were eminently practical in their character, whilst they were thoroughly comprehensive in their object and detail, and their publication ROBERT HALL, ESQ., M.A., il.P. -469 social problem. Amongst the minor studies to which he devoted a portion of his attention, during the vacations, was that of natural history, and more especially the department of geology, of which his knowledge was very extensive. He was also a collector of coins, and well versed in numismatics. Mr. Hall inherited the political sentiments of his father, and was a consistent Conservative, anxious to extend electoral reform within what he believed to be the limits of the con- stitution, but earnestly and determinately opposed to extreme measiu-es tending to revolutionize the constitution, and to swamp the representation of property in that of mere numbers. He took an active part in political questions, and was one of the most energetic supporters of Mr. Michael Thomas Sadler at the general election in 1832, and rendered great assistance to that gentleman and Mr. Richard Oastler in their effective exer- tions for the reduction of the hours of labour in factories for children.* The death of one endowed with more than ordinary talents, sound judgment, matured principles, and possessing the respect and esteem of all parties, was an event that not only deprived his fellow-townsmen of a representative well qualified to support their interests, but occasioned the loss of a legislator who was prepared and able to discuss, and take an active part in placed Mm in the first rank of social reformers. It was to forward this great object, which had become to him one of intense and absorbing interest, that Mr. Hall more especially was desirous of a seat in parliament, and there can be no doubt, had his life been spared, that he would have distinguished him- self as a legislator in all matters pertaining to social reform. His views on the subject were matured, he had attained a position where he was sanguine of giving them practical effect, and the future was before him full of hi when his career was stayed, and he was called upon to pay the last debt of nature. The memory of the late Robert Hall, Esq., M.P., who abilities and public virtues are held in merited esteem by the inhabitants of Leeds, has been handed down to posterity by the erection of a Btatue, of v marble (colossal size, representing the learned member in his robes of office as recorder, as he appeared when presenting an address from the corporation to the Queen), in the Victoria Hall of the Leeds Town Hall— For a Long description of this statue, and its inauguration, see the Art-Journal for July, 18o'J; the Leeds Intelligencer, &c., for July 13th, 1861. * At the election of 1834, on Mr. Macaulay becoming a n • council in India, he acted as chairman of Sir John Beckett's committee. Be occupied the same post at the general election in 1835, and contributed to Sir John Beckett's return on on, by the soum aduntiru which he displayed. The increasing professi ms upon his attention after this compelled him to withdraw tor the time from active political life, and it was not until the general of L852, when he was aom the Con of this boroui ith hour, that we meel with him again in I of politi , On thai oca was an but he received such support as to justify the avowal of his intention to solicit the suffrages of his when opportune occur; which intention was carried out at the general election in MaJ 470 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. the settlement of the important social and political questions of these eventful times.""' Robert Hall was the descendant of an old family, the owners of Stumpelow Hall, in the parish of Sheffield, and lords of the manor of Midhope. Henry Hall, born at Stumpelow in 1G82-3, removed to Leeds in 17 1G, and served the office of mayor of that borough in 1751-2. Henry Hall, grandfather of Robert, was mayor in 1796, whose son Henry was born in 1773; after twice serving the office of mayor, in 1812 and 1825, he died at Bank Lodge, October, 1859, respected for his long and valuable services to the borough of Leeds. Robert Hall, Esq., was succeeded in the representation of Leeds by George Skirrow Beecroft, Esq., Conservative, in * "It is with deep and sincere regret," said the Leeds Mercury at the time, "that we announce the melancholy event of the death of Mr. Hall, so recently- elected one of the members for this borough. The event is one of those solemn admonitions by which Providence so often teaches us — but so often to be neglected or forgotten — 'what shadows we are, and what shadows we pursue.' Scarcely had the deceased gentleman attained the object of his honourable ambition, to which he had been looking forward for many years, when the dart of Death was found to be concealed among the laurels of victory, and he is carried almost from the scene of triumph to the narrow house appointed for all living, (a) Mr. Hall was a very zealous adherent of the Established Church, and he bountifully contributed to many of its charities. If we have been rightly informed, the long and painful retirement consequent upon his dreadful railway accident had the effect of deepening his religious convictions. Much of his time was then spent with his Bible before him ; and he devoted himself a good deal to the work of translating from the Greek Testament. For about thirty years Mr. Hall had discharged the self-denying but most useful duties of a Sunday school teacher." (rt) LINES DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OP ROBERT HALL, ESQ., M.P. By Eliza Craven Green. -The actions of the just Smell sweet, and blossom in the dust." " Mourn not that, as the victor touch'd the palm He sank upon the threshold : — long his ear Had heard the angel-summons, yet serene He workM while it was day ! '"Tis only here, "Where we see darkly, that the bright career Seems shadow' d at its noon — beyond the veil It brightens into glory, full and clear; The accepted service and the earnest will That triumph'd o'er the mortal, failing clay. "Mourn not, ye gentle souls that yet are left, That early thus your lov'd one pass'd away, In the fair harvest of this earth's renown. Death has unclasp' d, not sever'd the sweet links, The golden chain of home's dear sanctities, And with divinest influence lifts you near, With tenderest memories of his charities, To where your treasure shines as one amid The gathered jewels of Immanuel's crown." St. John's Place, Leeds. Intelligencer, June 6th, 1857. DAVID COOPER, ESQ. 471 opposition to John Remington Mills, Esq., Liberal. — For addi- tional particulars, see the Leeds Papers, especially the Intel- ligencer, for May 30th, 1857; the Doncaster Papers ; the Annual Register, p. 310; the Illustrated London News, with a portrait (engraved from a painting in the possession of the family), &c, for June 27th, 1857, p. 627. 1793—1858.* DAVID COOPEB, ESQ., A merchant of Leeds, and a deputy -lieutenant for the West- Riding of Yorkshire. A gentleman whose energy and rare business qualities gained for him a first position as a merchant. Endowed by nature with an intellect singularly clear and strong, of generous sentiments, large-hearted, and liberal of hand, he was fitted to fill, and would have graced, public office. He was, nevertheless, not ambitious of such honour, and found his highest gratification in the quiet performance of the duties of his station, rather than in the excitement, glitter, and parade of public life. In commercial circles — as, indeed, wherever known — his sterling worth, unassuming manners, quiet deport- ment, and uprightness of character, obtained for him universal respect, and his name will ever be remembered with a cherished regard. As a friend, the confidence he inspired was unsur- passed, and will long remain dear to memory. In him, struggling worth, irrespective of politics or sect, was sure to find a generous * —1857. Mr. Thomas Plint, accountant, &c, of Springfield Place, Leeds, died December 25th, 1857, aged sixty years. He was distinguished by great ability as a statist and political economist, and was a zealous supporter of the principles of free trade. He had for some years been the registration-agent for the Liberal party for Leeds and the "West-Riding. The early part of his life was spent in business as a cloth-merchant, but he followed in later years the business of an accountant. In politics he was a Liberal, and was often a speaker at political gatherings of the Liberal party. During the corn law agitation he rendered signal service to the cause of the repeal. F<.r several years he was secretary to the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutes. In 1851 he published a work entitled Crime in En of the decora tive Gothic style of architecture; the plan at the base is square and rises six 472 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. patron and sincere friend. As an extensive employer of labour, he commanded the devotion and respect of all in his employ, whose comfort and welfare it was his constant pleasure to pro- mote. To the poor, also, his death will be felt as a heavy loss, to many of whom his bounty (known almost entirely to himself), has been large, in clothing and otherwise contributing to their comforts. He was suddenly cut down by the stroke of death, in the midst of his general usefulness, by an abscess in the lungs, in full possession of all his faculties, and a calmness and fortitude to the last moment of hi3 life, rarely witnessed. He died February 1st, 1858, at Shadwell Grange, agecT sixty-five. His remains were interred at Roundhay church. The above Sketch has been kindly revised by his brother, John Cooper, Esq., of Gledhow. 1777-1858. MR. WILLIAM HIRST, Cloth manufacturer, of Leeds, died August 29th, 1858, aged eighty-one years. He was bom in 1777, near Huddersfield, of parents so poor that they were unable to give him the most ordinary education. He came to Leeds when about eighteen years of age, and worked first as a journeyman cloth-dresser. About the year 1810, he began business on his own account as a cloth-dresser and manufacturer. At that time Yorkshire woollen cloths were looked upon with great disfavour, the West of England cloths bearing away the palm, both as regards quality and finish ; commanding nearly double the price of the former, although made from precisely the same quality of wool. This was no doubt owing to the fact that hand-labour was still employed in the north in dressing, while in the west it had given place to machinery. Mr. Hirst, therefore, in 1813, began to have his goods finished by machinery, and made woollen cloth of such a quality as had never before been thrown off" a Yorkshire loom. He stood alone in this part of the country as a finisher by machinery, and his life in consequence was frequently threatened by the croppers, who thus saw their well- paid occupation entirely destroyed. The result of the new system enabled Mr. Hirst to realize from 20s. to 34s. per yard for Yorkshire cloths, which before had commanded prices varying feet, from which springs an octagonal column, with an enriched capital and a carved terminal. The total height is sixteen feet. It bears the following inscription: — -"In Memory of T. B. Thompson, who departed this life Janu- ary 20th, 1859, aged forty-eight years. Having been fifteen years agent of the British Temperance League, this monument was erected by a few friends in memory of one of the most able and consistent advocates of the tempe- rance movement." — See the Leeds Papers, &c. ME. "WILLIAM HIRST. 473 from 10s. to 14ft per yard, and the demand muck overtaxed his powers of supply. Almost every improvement in the Leeds cloth-manufacture from 1813 to 1 825, was introduced by him. He introduced spinning-mules, Lewis's machine, and an impor- tant improvement upon that machine, and the first working of hydraulic presses. Mr. Hirst was always ready to show strangers and persons in the same business over his works, so that others followed in his wake, and also reaped golden har- vests.* He had retired from business in 182-5, having amassed a splendid fortune ; but the panic of that year involved the firni that succeeded him, and he also was a great sufferer by their failure. He manfully took the concern upon his own shoulders, and, in spite of his limited capital and his bankruptcy in 1830, worked it until 1833, when his mercantile career was brought to a close. He could not recover his position, and was once more a poor man. On June 14th, 1832, he published in the Leeds papers an appeal to his Yorkshire friends for pecuniaiy support, in which he says that — "At the time I began the new system of manufacturing and finishing cloth, I was not worth £500 ; the system itself enabled me in a short time to lay out in mills and machinery upwards of £80,000, and in 1824 I gave up business with a great income, but left all in the concern; but 1825 was the ruin of the concern. I thought I could save it, and, in 182G, I mortgaged my property for that purpose, but the new tariff in America, in 1828, blasted all hope." He had to appear in the Gazette, and he states that "his life had been a life of struggle and disappointment since 1825." His fellow-townsmen shortly after in public meeting set on foot a subscription for his benefit. Having been for a long time confined in Eothwell gaol, for debt, Ids Majesty on hearing of the case sent a benefaction of £20 (February 26th, 1837). His fellow-townsmen also raised a subscription for his benefit, amounting to £1,308. From this time to his dying day he believed that he was kept down by those who were reaping fortunes from his improvements. This delusion led him fre- quently to abuse and misrepresent parties who were no doubt anxious to assist him. Mr. Hirst has been justly styled the father of the Yorkshire woollen iv.uh; and there is no doubt he was in his day a public benefactor, and the town and trade * On the 30th of June, 1X25, the I "idle- worth gave a public dinner, with a silv< c cup of fifty guineas, to w illiam Hirst, of Leeds, "i bimony of 1 abilities and perseverance as a woollen manufacturer; and ol for his frankness and liberality in communicating Lis improvements t" the public." 474 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIEKSIS. of Leeds especially are greatly indebted to his energy, skill, and perseverance. What a pity that the declining years of such a man should have been passed in poverty ! In the November following his death (1858), the Earl of Derby granted £100 from her Majesty's royal bounty, on behalf of the daughter-in- law, and grandson of the deceased, who had ministered to the old man's comforts in his declining years, and a subscription was also raised in their behalf. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. 1773-1859.* HENKY HALL, ESQ., Justice of the peace, of Bank Lodge, Leeds, died October 5th, 1859, in the eighty-seventh year of his age. He was a native of Leeds, having been born in Kirk gate, June 11th, 1773, and he was the representative of the oldest Leeds family then resident in the town.+ Having retired at an early age from business, and being of an active disposition and of high intellectual endow- ments, it was natural that he should be selected by his fellow- townsmen for various public functions, for which he was so well qualified. He was elected a member of the corporation on the 27th of March, 1805, taking the rank of "Assistant," as the * — 1859. For a long Sketch of F. R. Atkinson, Esq., an eminent solicitor and literary character, who was born in Leeds, November 12th, 1784 ; well- known as a most judicious book-collector on an extensive scale, not only in Manchester, where he afterwards resided, but throughout England. In May, 1858, considerable interest was excited in literary circles by the sale of Mr. Atkinson's library, decided upon in consequence of his removal into the country; the sale lasted ten days, and was attended during the whole time by persons from all parts of the kingdom ; a considerable sum was realized, and, although this library contained some 13,000 volumes, it is said that there was not a single volume that he was not personally acquainted with. Mr. F. R. Atkinson died in June, 1859, in his seventy-fifth year, having been on the rolls as an attorney and solicitor upwards of forty-nine years, during the whole of which time he enjoyed a high reputation. — See the Law Times; the Gen- tleman's Magazine for August, 1859, p. 194, &c. f His father, also called Henry, married Elizabeth Broadbent, of Stank House, "Whitkirk ; by whom lie had a numerous family, of whom Henry was the eldest. His father, who was a severe, stern, and self-willed man, sent him, when very young, to Hipperholme School, near Halifax, and afterwards for a short time to the Leeds Grammar School, in North Street. From thence he was sent, in 1791, to Delph, in Holland; it being the custom of the merchants of that day to send their sons abroad, in order to learn French and Dutch — those countries, especially the latter, forming no small part of the Leeds trade. In Holland he did not remain long, owing to the troubles con- nected with the breaking out of the French Revolution in 1793. He returned to Leeds, and was at once taken into the business as a stuff-merchant. There he remained until his father's death, though his own wish was to have taken holy orders, but the needs of a numerous family obliged his father to join him unto his own occupation. He married Grace, daughter of Robert Butterfield, Esq., of Halifax, and two sons were born to him — Henry, who died in infancy, and Robert, afterwards M.P. for Leeds. HENRY HALL, ESQ., J. P. 475 junior branch of the municipal body was then called. On the 8th of June, 1811, he was made alderman ; and in the following year he took the office of mayor, and again for the second time in 1825.'"' It was during this second term of his occupying the civic chair that he was the proposer of Mr. Richard Fountayne Wilson as one of the candidates for the representation of York- shire. Mr. Hall was one of the aldermen in the reformed corporation, elected in December, 1835, but he only remained in that position three years. As an alderman of the old cor poration he was a magistrate for the borough ; but this function being separated from aldermanic dignity by the Municipal Reform Act, in the year 1842 he was placed again on the commission, and at the time of his death he was the oldest of our borough magistrates. His father, Henry Hall, was mayor of Leeds in 1796, and his grandfather's brother, also called Henry Hall, was mayor in 1751. Besides his municipal and magisterial duties, which he ever discharged with zeal, integrity, and rare ability, Mr. Hall filled various offices of public trust in his native town. He was one of the patrons of the vicarage, t and a trustee of the Leeds Grammar School,^ as well as of other * In all the public movements Mr. Hall was zealous and active, and the years in which he was mayor were marked by events which made that office by no means a sinecure; in 1812, owing to the disturbed state of the "West- Riding and the party of the Luddites; and in 1825-6, to an election for the whole county of York, when open house was kept for the convenience of voters from a distance. Mr. B. Fountayne "Wilson and the Hon. W. Dun- combe were the Conservative members. Mr. Hall acted as their chairman for the "West-Riding. •f" Mr. Hall strenuously upheld the rights of the Established Church, and he was an indefatigable adjutor to the vicar for the time being— for during his long life he assisted at the election of four vicars of Leeds. At vestry- meetings, then somewhat notorious for riot — at meetings respecting Easter- dues, he took a leading part, and not less so when subscriptions were raised to meet half of the valuation of the dues most generously offered by Mr. Foun- tayne "Wilson. Mr. Hall, and his son Robert, were the chief means of bringing Dr. Hook, then of Coventry, before the notice of the trustees of the Leeds vicarage, and a friendship was formed which existed during life. "When the parish church was restored, Mr. Hall was at his post, and bis coat- of-arms, with those of the other trustees, form part of the gnat west window. Dr. Hook's Church Dictionary was dedicated to him in the follow- ing words: — " To Henry Hall, of Lank Lodge, Leeds, Esq., senior trustee of the advowson of the vicarage of Leeds ; a loyal magistrate ; a consistent Chris- tian; a faithful friend; this volume is with affection and respect inscribed." A stained glass window in memory of Henry Hall, Esq., was .-.; placed in the ante-chapel of the Leeds parish church. £ As a trustee Mi-. Hall took a deep interest in the Grammar School, and those connected with it. it hud been Ids wish in youth to prepare foi nation, and throughout life he cherished his classical studies. II occasionally us assistant examiner, and in later years he was the means oi assisting many who had gone to the universities, and in bearing with them the necessary expenses. Those whom he so « aided can bear witi to the kindness and interest he showed for their welfare. It was this last, in 476 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. public institutions. He was treasurer of the Leeds Library" forty years, and of tbe General Infirmary thirty-eight years, both unpaid but somewhat onerous offices. The former he resigned in 1853, and the latter in 1854, on account of the increasing infirmities of age ; and he received from the trustees of the Infirmary a cordial vote of thanks for his valuable gratui- tous services through so long a period, during which he had constantly and zealously promoted the interests, advocated the claims, and extended the benefits of that valuable charity. Nor was it only in the civil affairs of the state that Mr. Hall showed his readiness to serve his country. In the early years of the century, when England was arming against the threatened invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte, Mr. Hall held a commission in the Leeds Volunteers, and was a major in the regiment of Local Militia in which the Volunteers were afterwards merged. Again, in 1820, when a volunteer corps of infantry was raised in Leeds, Mr. Hall joined the body as a captain.f Mr. Hall was a steady and consistent member of the Church of England, and his religious convictions were firm and sincere. In politics it is scarcely necessary to mention that his principles were strictly Conservative; he might, indeed, be called a Tory, and would not himself have objected to the designation ; but, as a man of intelligence and reflection, he was well able to vindicate his opinions; and all classes and parties agreed in acknowledging that the deceased was an able, useful, and good man. The last of a veiy long series of public duties in which Mr. Hall took a part was, as one of the patrons of the Leeds vicarage, of which body he was the senior member, to assist in the election of a new vicar in the place of Dr. Hook, on the 17th of August, part, which caused him shortly before his death to resign his office of senior trustee, because he thought that the extension scheme of the school educa- tion, and the consequent fees, would prevent the poorer inhabitants of the town from enjoying the endowment. * The Leeds Library owed its origin to him and some few other gentlemen, who, feeling the want of a library, united together and took a room in the Old Infirmary Yard, Kirkgate. This was soon found to be insufficient ; it was then removed to a room under the old Eotation Office, and at last the pre- sent building in Commercial Street was erected.— The greater part of the infor- mation in these Notes has been kindly contributed by the Rev. W. Tutin, B. A. •f The circumstances in connection with Mr. Hall which will be most familiar to the majority of our readers are those which relate to his son, and only child, the late Robert Hall, Esq. It needs not that we should recount the events of 1S57, when the father's heart was gladdened to see his son chosen to represent his native town in parliament ; and then within a few weeks his fortitude was tried by the death of that son,— a trial borne as only a sincere Christian in trustful submission to the Divine will can bear such sorrow.— A lithographic portrait of Henry Hall, Esq., was executed from a photograph by Baume, of Leeds. SIR GEORGE GOODMAN, M.P. -477 1859. In that important transaction Mr. Hall took a very- earnest and anxious part, and, being in a feeble state of health at the time, he seemed to regard it as the closing act of his public services. He was interred in the same vault with his son (Robert Hall, Esq., M.P.), on the south-east side of Wh it- kirk churchyard. His funeral was attended by a large number of the borough magistrates, and of the most influential inhabi- tants of the town ; and his funeral sermon was afterwards preached at the Leeds parish church, by the new vicar, the Rev. James Atlay, D.D. There is in the Leeds General Infir- mary a fine statue of Henry Hall, Esq., life-size, and in a sitting posture, executed in marble by Behnes, erected July, 1852, which now stands in the vestibule. — For additional infor- mation, see the Leeds Papers, especially the Intelligencer for October, 1859 ; the Annual Register, p. 427, &c. 1792—1859.* SIR GEORGE GOODMAN, M.P., A magistrate for the borough of Leeds, and also for the West- * — 1859. For a long Sketch of the Rt. Hon. T. £., Lord Macaulay, born October 25th, 1800; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, who, after being called to the bar, went the Northern Circuit, and was, in 1832, elected mem- ber for Leeds (a) along with the late Mr. John Marshall, jim. In 1834, he was appointed secretary to the India Board, and shortly afterwards was made a member of the East India Company's supreme court at Calcutta. He was absent in India four years. The year after his return (1839) he was elected for Edinburgh, and in the following year accepted office as Secretary at War. He was also a member of the senate of the University of London. His Lays of Ancient Rome, his Essays, and his History of England arc well known. Macaulay was uncpuestionably a man of genius, as well as a scholar, critic, and reformer, and no higher compliment was ever paid to literature, and none more satisfactory to the nation, than his elevation to the peerage in Lord Macaulay was never married, and the title he had so well won conse- quently died with him. — See the Public Life of Lord Mod . the Eev. F. Arnold, B.A., 1862, especially chaps, v. and vi. (from p. 89 to p. 183), relating to Leeds ; The Times and other London Journals; the Leeds Papers (and here it might also be stated that Mr. T. F. Ellis, the late recorder of Leeds, one of his lordship's executors, happened to be in Leeds when the telegram of Lord Macaulay's death overtook him ; it to Mr. Bairn the Mercury, and from this provincial journal London and the world heard of its loss); the Athenceum; the Literary Gazette; the Gentlt Magazine for February, 1860; the Annual Register, p. 451; the J!- Pod's late Pavlianu nUiry ('u>u r a, , ion; "Waif ' I the late Peerages, &c; Knight's Cyclopaedia of Biography; Lowndes's Biblto- fin (pher's Manual; Mackenzie's Imp try of U Biography, with a fine portrait. For News for May and June, 1846J and for January 7th, L860, p. I.".; a porl &c, was also published with the 272 oftfa l> (a) .Ml!. M.w aii.AV l\ LEEDS. (From the i.> ■<>.-■. Mercury for September l •".///. "The people hen rd him, and the pi 'd: And oh my country, here is }■■; 478 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Riding, and formerly one of the parliamentary representatives for the borough, died at his residence at Roundhay, near Leeds, October 13th, 1859, aged sixty-seven years.* He was, the son of Benjamin Goodman, Esq., a gentleman of the old English style (with a frank courtesy and simple goodness about him which made themselves apparent in all his actions), who was a consistent Christian and zealous friend to many of the local charities, and who died June 10th, 1848, aged eighty- five years. f The worthy knight, for two years before his death, had suffered from ill-health — paralysis and neuralgia — brought on by his zealous and close attention to the new and arduous duties which were imposed upon him by being elected a member of the House of Commons in 1852. Sir George was four times elected to the highest civic office in the borough. He was the first mayor under the Corporation Reform Act, being elected in Their noble hearts responding, well were inov'cl By the old principles of liberty, Adorn'd by high and sweet philosophy. Our petty, local great ones coldly eyed A stranger in their fancied seigniory. Were he a lordling, they had not denied The humblest homage of their calculating pride. "But ancient name he needs not to inherit : God giveth him more glorious precedence, The innate greatness of a lofty spirit ! His, is a patent from omnipotence ! His wealth, his mind's magnificence ; For titles, he hath truth and modesty; For power, the lightning of his eloquence; His herald is a heart-simplicity, That proves, while it proclaims, his soul's nobility." Leeds, September 11th, 1832. * Few forms had become more familiar, few persons whose presence was hailed with more general delight, until the hour when his increasing infirmi- ties compelled him to withdraw from those scenes of public usefulness and private hospitality which had won him the affection, no less than the esteem, of all classes of his fellow-townsmen. •f His son, Sir George, early won his way to the good-will of his fellow- townsmen by the unaffected kindness of his heart and the soundness of his business talents. "Without flash or brilliancy, he possessed a judgment at once clear and reliable, a diligence which enabled him quietly to get through much work, and a cordial unaffected benevolence of disposition and manner which powerfully contributed to allay the bitterness of party-feeling and to smooth the angry passions which, as a public man, he had frequently to con- tend against. His presence at a committee was enough to prevent discussions from turning into personalities, and was an almost irresistible charm to chaw disputants together, if not in harmony of views, at least in harmony of feeling and action. His good sense combined with his good heart to fit him admir- ably for the office of peace-maker. Without formal interference, he drew away attention from minor points of difference to the more serious points of union. SIR GEORGE GOODMAN, M.P. 479 January, 1836 ;* and as a testimonial of respect, as well as to commemorate the new era in municipal affairs, a full-length Portrait of him was subscribed for by his fellow-townsmen, and painted by John Simpson, Esq., which now adorns the council- room at the Town Hall. It was presented to the town- council by the burgesses of this borough, October 23rd, 1837. On April 30th, 1836, a valuable chain of standard gold, weighing two pounds troy, and which cost £197 14s., was presented to him, as the first mayor under the new corporation. An heraldic shield, pendant to the chain, has on it the following inscription : — -'Presented by the burgesses and inhabitants of Leeds to their reform corporation, as the official insignia of the mayor, in token of their approbation of representative municipal government, and to remind the chief magistrates that their powers and honours, conferred by the people, are to be held for the public welfare. George Goodman, Esq., first mayor, elected 1st January, 1836." At a meeting of the Leeds Town- Council, May 14th, 1857, a letter was read from Sir George Goodman, in which he generously presented to the mayor for the time being, and his successors, the gold chain worn by him in private parties, during his mayoralty in 1836. This chain is a fac- simile, upon a reduced scale, of the official chain, described above, worn by the mayors of Leeds. He was also elected mayor on the resignation of C. G. Maclea, Esq., on the 1st of January, 1847. He went out of office on the 9th of Novem- ber following, but on the 9th of November, 1850, he was again elected mayor, and on the 9th of November, 1851, he was re-elected; but on the 20th of March, 1852, he resigned the office of mayor, in order that he might be eligible to be a candi date for the representation of the borough in parliament in the spring of 1852. In 1851, Mr. Goodman might be considered as the civic representative of Leeds at the Great Industrial Exhibition in London, in reference to which her Majesty con- ferred the honour of knighthood upon him, at the recommen- dation of his friend the late Earl of Carlisle, February 20th, 1852. In July of the latter year, at the general election, Sir George Goodman was elected, along with the Righl Eon. Bff. T. Baines, as one of the members for the borough of Leeds, which he continued to represent till the dissolution in 1857, when he retired on account of ill health. 'In politics,Sir Ge< * It was probal.lv owing mainly to hia imp i ! ' manner and benevolence of diapoaition, while filling that office, that theold and I feud between the Reform and Conaervative paxtiea waa moderated into the temperate rivalry of recent years. 480 BIOGRArHIA LEODIENSIS. was a Liberal ; in religion, a Baptist ; in trade, a woolstapler at Leeds and Bradford- and both in his public and private capacity be was greatly respected." He was especially distin- guished for kindness of manner and an open-hearted disposition, which gained for him the affection and esteem of all classes of his fellow-townsmen. His funeral, which took place at Whit- kirk, was attended by many of the Leeds magistrates and other principal inhabitants of the town. — For further particulars, see the Leeds Papers, &c, especially the Mercury, for October, 1859; the Annual Register, p. 425; the Gentleman's Jlagazine for November, 1859, p. 546, &c. 1786-1859. THE EEV. FRANCIS THOMAS COOKSON, M.A., Incumbent of St. John's church, Leeds, died December 20th, 1859, aged seventy-three years. He was the son of "William Cookson, Esq.,t twice mayor of Leeds, in 1793 and 1801, who * Few men in our town have received more numerous and unmistakable marks of popular favour, and few deserved them better. While firmly attached to his own principles, he was the very opposite of a bigot. If his head went with one party, his heart went with all. He was of too genial a disposition ever to forget that his opponents were men, and entitled to the courtesies and kind feelings which one of his temperament was inclined to accord to all men. Party rancour was a stranger to his breast. The hospi- talities which he so freely dispensed were shared alike by Liberal and Con- servative, by Churchmen and Dissenters. Nor were they in either case the formal decencies of civic life — ceremonies grudgingly performed because they could not with propriety be avoided. They were the genuine gifts of a genial heart which delighted in the happiness of all around him, and which never had such thorough enjoyment as in witnessing the happiness which it was in his power to bestow. Even during the most active period of his life, he had the rare good fortune to be a favourite with both parties, while known to be firmly wedded to one, and in the feelings of respect and affection which were awakened by his death, his political opponents miugled no less heai'tily than his political friends. It may be said, indeed, that all men were his friends, for he was accessible to all, and none ever came in contact with him without liking him. " His sunny smile, his frank reply, his ready response to every tale of distress, or to every deserving appeal to his benevolence, will" (said the Leeds Mercury) "be remembered by hundreds who knew nothing of his politics or business qualities, and he will be followed to the grave with the most genuine feelings of affection and esteem by all those with whom he came in contact." His funeral sermon, preached by the Rev. Dr. Brewer, was afterwards published. The above Sketch has been kindly revised by his brother, John Goodman, Esq., of Gledhow House, near Leeds. + William Cookson, Escj. (1749—1811), one of the senior magistrates of Leeds, and a deputy-lieutenant for the West-Riding, died, after a short but severe illness, February 1st, 1811, in the sixty-second year of his age. He was a man of the strictest integrity and the strongest understanding ; both of which he devoted with unwearied assiduity to the service of benevolence. Indeed he seemed to have been born not for himself, but for others ; for he sacrificed all the ease, repose, and comfort of domestic life, to the convenience, the demands, and the emolument of the public. As a magistrate he was indefatigable and upright in the administration of justice, with an ear ever THE REV. FRANCIS THOMAS COOKSON, M.A. 481 was the grandson of William Cookson, Esq., thrice mayor of Leeds, in 1712, 1725, and 1738, for a Sketch of whom, see p. 159. The Rev. F. T. Cookson was, at the time of his death, in the fiftieth year of his incumbency, to which he was appointed in September, 1810, as successor to the Rev. William Sheep- shanks, M.A., for a Sketch of whom, see p. 239, &c. Mr. Cookson was a very kind-hearted and benevolent man, always ready to give with a liberal hand to the poor around him. During the last twelve years of his life he suffered severely, but with cheerful patience, from a painful affection of the nerves, with partial paralysis of the limbs, which incapacitated him from active duty ; but even to within the last few- weeks he was carried in a chair to his church, and performed part of the service, his voice and the fine facultv of reading: for which he was remarkable, being little impaired by the malady which crippled his limbs.* He was the eleventh incumbent of St. John's church, which was consecrated by Archbishop Neale, in September, 1634-.T On the 12th of March, in the following year (1860), the Rev. Edward Monro, M.A., from Harrow-on- Weald, Stanmore, near London, was appointed to the vicarage of St. John's, there being 122 candidates. — See the Leeds Papers, especially the Intelligencer, for December, 1859. open to the complaints of the poor; as an arbitrator (an office to which he was often reluctantly pressed), he was impartial and honest, always endea- vouring, like a true peacemaker, to reconcile animosities; as a friend, skilful in commercial affairs, he was peculiarly happy in disembarrassing difficulties and arranging disorder. He was a most loyal subject, and warmly attached to the Established Church; above all, he was so "active and faithful a ser- vant" to this town, that his loss was long severely lamented. Another account states, that "in the private relations of life his conduct was most exemplary; as a patron of public improvements he was greatly distinguished ; and as an active magistrate, always inclined to temper justice with mercy ; he had few equals, and no superiors." — See the Leeds Intel!, for February, 1S1 1. * He was a person of vigonras and cultivated intellect; the French, Italian, and Latin languages lending their aid in turn to relieve the monotony of his long confinement. The Letters of Seneca, the works of Dante, and I)' A zeglio . and articles in the Revue des Deux Mondes (often very deep and philosophic), served to beguile many a weary hour. + In 1831, Mr. Cookson informed the trustees of St. John's church thai the tower was in an unsafe condition, and requested their assistance; but not receiving it, he took the liabdity on himself — the necessary amount being raised on the security of a life assurance policy, taken out for thai purpose a1 an exorbitant premium. The reduction in his income of at least Jt'l K) per annum, lasting for twelve or fourteen years, was a heavy burden on the late vicar, and no do\ibt materially hastened on the infirmity under winch he laboured for the last eleven years of his life. In addition to tie of St. John's tower, for many years he paid regularly annuities to supei annuated workmen, granted in better tines to his servants by bis father, whose death was caused in a great measure by the sudden intel] the rascality of his partner or agent in America. The above Sketch has I kindly revised by his eldest son, Francis Cookson, Esq., of Headingley. II II 482 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. 1799—1860.* THE EIGHT HON. M. T. BAINES, M.P., Died at his house in Queen Square, "Westminster, January 23rd, 1860. Mr. Matthew Talbot Baines was the eldest son of the late Edward Baines, Esq., who was one of the representatives of Leeds from 1834 to 1841, and brother of Edward Baines, Esq., one of the present members. His mother, Charlotte, was daughter of Matthew Talbot, Esq., of Leeds, after whom he was named. He was originally destined to assist and succeed his father in conducting the Leeds Mercury, and after an ordinary grammar school education, under the late Rev. John Foster, of Leeds, and at the Protestant Dissenters' Grammar * — 1860. Lord Londesborough, F.R.S., &c, second surviving son of Henry, first Marquis Conyngham, by his marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Joseph Denison (for a Sketch of whom, see p. 228), was born on the 21st of October, 1805. He was twice married ; first, in July, 1833, to the Hon. Henrietta Maria Forester, fourth daughter of the late Lord Forester, who died in April, 1841; and, secondly, in 1847, to Miss Bridgeman, eldest daughter of Captain the Hon. Charles Orlando Bridgeman, which lady survived her husband. As Lord Albert Conyngham he served for a short period in the Boyal Horse Guards, but then adopted the diplomatic service. In May, 1824, he was appointed attache to the British Legation at Berlin, and in the following year removed to Vienna, where he remained until Februaiy, 1828, when he was made Secretary of Legation at Florence. He sat in the House of Commons as member for Canterbury from 1835 to the early part of 1850, when he was raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Londesborough. In 1849 he assumed the name of " Denison," in lieu of that of Conyngham, in accordance with the will of his maternal uncle, Mr. "William Joseph. Denison, of Denbies, in the county of Surrey, and of Seamer, near Scar- borough, in this county. (For a Sketch of whom, see the Gentleman's Maga~ zine for October, 1849, p. 422.) Mr. Denison bequeathed to his nephew the bulk of his immense wealth, and thus Lord Albert Conyngham found himself at once elevated from the position of a younger son to that of one of the most wealthy noble commoners in England, coming into the immediate possession of a princely income. According to the arrangements of his uncle's will, the residue of his personal property was to be expended in the purchase of landed estates, to be entailed on three generations. The invest- ment of this enormous property secured a rent-roll of more than £70,000 a year in the county of York alone. That property includes fine estates in each of the three Ridings of this county — Londesborough, in the East-Riding, and Grimston Park, in the "WestJ?»iding, being amongst the number. _ His Yorkshire residence was at Grimston Park, near Tadcaster, about thirteen miles from Leeds (which formerly belonged to Lord Howden). In politics Lord Londesborough was a Whig. In mature life his lordship's tastes for literature, science, and the fine arts developed themselves in a very striking manner. As early as the year 1843, he distinguished himself by taking an active part in the foundation of the British Archa3ological Association, of which he became president. Devoted to antiquarian pursuits, it was as a collector of rare and costly objects— especially in early goldsmiths' work — that his lordship's taste and judgment were chiefly displayed. In this branch of mediaeval art there is probably no private collection in the kingdom so rich as that which was formed by the deceased nobleman. These objects have been made subservient to the general purpose of antiquarian research by their publication in a costly volume, profusely illustrated in gold and colours. THE RIGHT HON. M. T. BA1XES, M.P. 483 School, Leaf Square, Manchester, he was engaged for some time in the Mercury office ; soon afterwards, however, he was sent to pursue his studies at the Kichmond Grammar School, under the late Rev. James Tate, and subsequently to Trinity College, Cambridge. It is no doubt owing to his education at Richmond and Cambridge, that he was through Life a Churchman, and not, like his father and the other members of his family, a Dissenter. He was second senior optime at the B.A. mathematical exami- nation in 1820, and he received two declamation prizes. In 1825 he was called to the bar at the Inner Tetnple, and joined the Northern Circuit, of which he subsequently became one of the leaders.* He was made a Queen's Counsel in 1841, and became a bencher of the Inner Temple. "When a vacancy took place in the recordership of Leeds, in 1837, the town-council unanimously memorialized the Government to appoint Mr. M. Talbot Baines to the office. A rule against appointing recorders in places where they might possess party influence prevented Lord John Russell from complying with the request; but he Towards the close of 1848 his lordship visited Greece and Italy; and in the following year printed his tour under the title of Wanderings in Search of Health, an exceedingly readable and characteristic volume, containing much information and well-told personal adventures. His lordship died January 15th, 1860, at his town residence, Carlton House Terrace, in his fifty-fifth year ; and his remains were interred at Grimston. Two sons (the present Lord Londesborough, and the Hon. Albert Denison, a lieutenant in the royal navy) and two daughters survive by the late noble lord's first marriage, and three sons and three daughters survive by his lordship's second marriage. He was succeeded in his title and extensive landed property by his eldest son by his first marriage, the Hon. William Henry Forester Denison, born in June, 1834, late M.P. for Beverley, and afterwards for Scarborough. — For many additional particulars, see the Leeds Intelligencer for January 21st, 1860; the Gfentleman's Magazine; the Annual Register for 1860, p. 450 ; the Peerages, &c. For an engraving of the splendid portrait by Grant, see the Illustrated London News for February 4th, 1860, p. 108. * From the first his success was decided. To a chaste style of forensic eloquence he added the yet more important qualifications of sound law and great discretion. By these characteristics, combined with unremitting atten- tion to business, he soon won the confidence of his clients; whilst by his moral virtues— honour, integrity, and kindness— he commanded the respect of all his learned brethren. To the judges and to senior counsel ho wee respectful, without the slightest attempt to curry favour: to his juniors be was kind and fair, without any of the airs of patronage. His add juries earned weight by the clearness of their expositions and the force of their arguments, not by passionate or ad captandum appeals or any species of forensic trickeiy. He did not browbeat witnesses, I" combined the gentleman with the pleader. He brought his heart to hi- work, ami in all things governed himself by a conscientious sense: of right and duty. Such, in short, was his conduct that he won the respeci of all. and t h men! of those who came into nearer con t a. t with bim. Bj th I temperance, regular exercise, early rising, and invariable punctuality, be qualified himself for hard work, and laid the foundation of bhe g I health which he enjoyed till it was affected by causes which no prudence could coutiol. 481 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. conferred on him the same office in the borough of Hull, whilst the recorder of that borough was transferred to Leeds. Mr. M. T. Baines was recorder of Hull from 1837 to 1847,* in which latter year he was elected one of the members for that borough. He continued to represent Hull till 1852,f when he was returned for Leeds, his native town. He was again returned at the general election in 1857, along with the late Robert Hall, Esq., but at the election in 1859, he declined to allow himself to be put in nomination, in consequence of impaired health, and he retired from parliamentary life alto- gether.:}: He was President of the Poor-La w Board from January, 1849, to March, 1852, and from December, 1852, till * For ten years Mr. Baines held the office of recorder of Hull, and in his judicial conduct he displayed the same virtues, talents, and wisdom which had gained him approbation at the bar. His court held him in the highest respect : no barrister took liberties with him, and none ever complained that he treated them unfairly. So eminently judicial was Mr. Baines's character of mind— so impartial, so discriminating, so clear, so prompt, and so dignified, — that it was evident he would have graced the highest judicial bench in the country. To that position he was, indeed, making steady though quiet pro- gress, when circumstances occurred to turn his abilities to another field of honourable exercise. t In the House of Commons Mr. Talbot Baines discharged his duties with the same conscientious, steady, and indefatigable application as at the bar. His ambition was not to shine, or even to lead, but to be useful. Availing himself of his experience at the bar, and working in his own province, he brought in and carried some very useful measures of law reform. The talent for business which Mr. Baines had so often displayed induced Lord John Russell to offer him an under-secretaryship ; but as the acceptance would have obliged him to retire from parliament, he declined the position. Soon after, however, in 1849, a gentleman was wanted to fill the arduous and delicate duties of President of the Poor-Law Board; and Mr. Baines was appointed to the office, which he may be truly said to have rescued from the popular odium which had for years attended the administration of the Poor- Law. The acceptance of this office, however, compelled him to abandon his own profession of the law; and in the opinion of many of his friends this was a mistake, as he was in a fair way to win the honours of the bench. The question certainly admits of doubt. But in this public office he displayed a talent for administration equal to that which he had already shown for presiding in a court of justice. At the Poor-Law Board, as everywhere, he was indefatigable, impartial, conscientious, kindly towards subordinates, con- ciliatory among disputants, quick in discovering the merits of a case, and resolute in enforcing what was just and right. If all public employments were discharged like his, the established character of government offices would be changed, and they would become celebrated for punctuality, promptitude, good judgment, and efficiency. He employed his patronage with scrupulous regard to the merits of the candidates, and not from personal favour or connection. Indeed no public office was ever bestowed upon any connection of his own. He would extend his private bounty towards those who needed it, but he durst not and would not use his official influence to gratify his party, his friends, or even his own amiable feelings. t Mr. Baines did not take a leading part in debate; but his judgment, knowledge, and wisdom were held in the highest esteem by his colleagues, and he sought no end but the true honour and welfare of his country and THE RIGHT HON. M. T. BAINES, M.P. 485 August, 1855. In December of that year he was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with a seat in the cabinet, which office he held until the resignation of the Palmerston ministry in February, 1858. He was, up to the time of his death, chairman of the Lancashire Quarter Sessions, and also a magistrate of the West-Riding of Yorkshire. He was born on the 17th of February, 1799, and therefore was nearly sixty-one years of age. In 1833 he married the only daughter of L. Threlfall, Esq., of Lancaster, who survives him, and by whom he has left a son and a daughter. Through her he received a handsome property. His name will be long remem- bered in Hull, in Leeds, in Lancaster, and in the metropolis, where his modest, unassuming manners, and honest frankness, won him numerous friends. As a straightforward, honest, reliable man of business, and sincere, warm-hearted friend, he far excelled many of his former colleagues in the cabinet, who possessed more dazzling abilities. He was also, before his death, a member of the senate of the University of London. He was buried in the consecrated portion of the General Cemetery, Lancaster.""' — Chiefly from the Leeds Intelligencer for January, 1860. For much additional information (which would have been inserted had space allowed), see the Leeds Mercury ; the Gentleman's Magazine for March, 18G0, p. 302; the Annual Register ; Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universal Bio- the peace of the world. We may say with entire truth that lie discharged his duty to his constituents laboriously and faithfully. According to the Annual Register for 1860, p. 386: — "His qualities were rather solid than brilliant, but he was much respected by his associates for sound sense and moral worth." * This brief Sketch of Mr. Baines"s life indicates his character. To Ids own talents and virtues he owed the honours to which he successively attained. A masculine intellect, corresponding with his commanding face and figure, made him the easy master of whatever branch <>f knowledge or pursuit of life he addressed himself to. He was quick of conception, ready in wit, fertile in speech, consummate in judgment and in taste. Had he ['leased, he could have shone in parliamentary debate. But there was a moderation, a calmness, an unselfishness, a modest preference of others, together with a high prudence, which made him shrink from conflict and from display. It is possible that these qualities may have been carried in him to an excess ; ho would certainly have played a still higher part in public affairs, and lie might have been even more useful than he was, if he had had more of tli.it earni t ness which as often leads men to commit errors as to achieve distinction. But the qualities we refer to made him one of the wisest of counsellors, one of the best of judges, and in private life one of the most amiable of nun. En the domestic circle he was beloved and venerated foi his noble nature^ his affectionate ami gentle spirit, his combination of intellectual i ■ ■itli the goodness of the heart. Seldom has any public man acted more invariably under a sense of duty. It may be said that his fault iimmed Dp in this, that he was too modest, too moderate, too prudent, and too kind. His fine moral nature was elevated by true Christian principle ; his Bible was his 486 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. graphy. For a portrait and Sketch of the Right Hon. M. T. Baines, see the Illustrated London News for October 13th, 1855; and also for February 4th, 1860, p. 101. A tine por- trait, produce a very superior article at much less cost than formerly, althc from the same quality of material. t Sir Peter was afterwards induced to begin making enginei ring tools of a general description, and up to the last month of his life he was busty ocou pied enlarging and organizing hi i i stablishment for fchi ptu pc e. Lastly, we may mention that Sir Peter has constructed a hog'- quantitj of machinery for preparing and spinning jute, water silk, and rope yarns. For a di icription of his largo establishment, see Chambers's Edinburgh Journal tot l s n. 494 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Town Hall, and no small ability and perseverance to satisfy the royal advisers that suitable arrangements could be made for the accommodation of her Majesty. But the unflinching deter- mination of the mayor overcame every obstacle, and perfected every arrangement. The Queen graciously accepted the invita- tion, and the inhabitants will long remember the exciting and delightful circumstances of the Royal visit, when, accompanied by the late much esteemed Prince Consort, and two of the princesses, Queen Victoria rode through the town, and opened the hall amidst the unbounded enthusiasm of her loyal people. Sir Peter Fairbairn placed his own residence, "YVoodsley House, at the disposal of her Majesty, who did him the honour to accept the accommodation. It was with a unanimous feeling that the distinction had been well earned, that the people of Leeds saw her Majesty confer upon their- chief magistrate the title of knight bachelor in the presence of the corporation and a brilliant assembly in the Town Hall.* So remarkable was the success of the first year of his mayoralty, that the town-council almost forced the office upon his acceptance for a second year; at the close of which a public subscription was raised to have his por- trait painted by one of our first artists, and the picture by Grant lately placed in the Town Hall was the result. He was on the commission of the peace for the borough and also for the West- Riding. His political principles were decidedly Liberal.t His first wife having died in 1843, by whom he had one son, Andrew, and two daughters (one of whom is married to Mr. Wailes) ; he was married a second time, in 1855, to * If it were only for the exertions which Sir Peter Fairbairn made at that memorable time for the credit of the horough of Leeds, his memory would long be gratefully cherished by his fellow-citizens. "T Sir Peter Fairbairn was a member of the Church of England. In politics he usually associated himself with the Liberal party, but he was a man of moderate views, ever willing to lend his countenance to wise and judicious measures, and to oppose those of a contrary tendency. His character in all the relations of life was marked by the strictest integrity and uprightness. A striking instance of his impartiality occurred at the last nomination of members of parliament for the borough of Leeds, when as returning officer he declared the show of bands to be in favour of Mr. Beecroft (Conservative) against Mr. Forster (Liberal), and notwithstanding the clamour which was raised by the political excitement of the moment, he consistently upheld his decision. "We may conclude," says the Leeds Intelligencer, "this brief tribute of justice to Sir Peter Fairbairn by expressing our conviction, from which we are sure none of the inhabitants of Leeds will dissent, that his death will be a great loss to the borough. We doubt not that his name will be long cherished in grateful recollection, and that when the people of Leeds call to mind the fine, patriarchal, snow-white beard which distinguished his face in the busy street or crowded assembly, they will not forget that their town was in many ways indebted for the hearty sympathy and unflagging zeal manifested in its welfare by Sir Peter Fairbairn." SIR PETER FAIRBAIRN', KMT. 495 Rachel Anne, the fourth daughter of the late Robert William Brandling, Esq., of Low Gosforth, Northumberland, and widow of Captain Chaides Bell, R.3sT. It may be truly said that the talents and taste of Lady Fairbairn contributed no little to the success of Sir Peter in the arduous duties of his mayoralty. He "was born in the year 1799, and was therefore sixty -one years of age when his "life, which promised much longer duration, was so abruptly terminated, January -1th, 1861.* He was buried at Adel the Wednesday following, with this inscription on the gravestone: — " Sir Peter Fairbairn, Knt. : born 11th September, 1799; died 4th January, 1861." — Chiefly from the Leeds Mercury, January 5th, 1861 ; see also the Leeds Intelligencer; the Annual Register p. -436; the Gentleman's Magazine for February, 1861, p. 231, &c. See his portrait * Every plan calculated to promote the general welfare and prosperity of the borough, or to make its position as the metropolis of the West-Riding more apparent and decisive, was warmly supported by the late Sir Peter Fairbairn, and with a zeal and pecuniary sacrifice which showed that his heart was in the cause. During his two years' mayoralty, Leeds gained a prestige far greater than it had ever previously occupied, and one which ought to be so employed as to give the town a status in the West-Riding, and in the county of York, which may yet obtain for it other important distiuet ions and advantages. Sir Peter thoroughly understood that the progress and success of a town, like the prosperity of any mercantile establishment, depend on the discretion and energy of its guiding heads, and he set an example in this respect during the time that he occupied the highest civic office of the borough, which did credit alike to him as a man of business, and as a well- wisher to the community amongst whom he dwelt. The liberal expenditure of time and money which Sir Peter made, to add tclat to all the proceedings in connection with the Town Hall, is too familiar to our readers to need special reference to ; but we may again remind them of one of his acts, cer- tainly not the least liberal or appropriate, viz., the presentation at the cost oi about £1,000 of a beautiful marble statue of the Queen, which adorns the vestibule of the Town Hall. It deserves to be recorded also that he was the first mayor who manifested a thorough appreciation <>f the value of a cordial and friendly unity between the merchants of Leeds and the gentry oi county; and the banquet which he gave to Earl Fitzwilliam and other noble- men and gentlemen, after the inauguration of the Town Hall, v I ince of the pains and tact which he displayed to promote and th or ment such a union. Not only, however, in his official capacity as mayor, did Six Peter show bis desire to advance the interests of the borough, but as a private individual his sympathy and purse were never wanting tor ; : ""> 500 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. St. Peter's Square, on the 20th of December, 1789. He was the youngest of eight, and the son of Robert Oastler, a Leeds merchant. The father was one of the earliest adherents of John Wesley, who was the constant guest of Robert Oastler, when his mission brought him to Yorkshire. On Wesley's last visit to Leeds, shortly before his death, he took little Richard in his arms, and invoked a blessing upon him.* Mr. Richard Oastler's father was a distinguished philanthropist, and upon settling in Leeds he took an active part in such public discus- sions as were then rife in Leeds. His mother was a very good woman, the daughter of Mr. Joseph Scurr, of Leeds, the repre- sentative of an old and respectable family. When eight years of age, Richard was sent to school at Fulneck, and when his education had been considerably advanced he desired to enter the legal profession, but to this his father objected. He was then articled to Mr. Charles Watson, then an eminent arbitrator and surveyor at Wakefield. Leaving there he went into busi- Churchnian. Long resident in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, in the midst of Radicals and Liberals, he was among the working classes one of the most popular of political leaders. This must appear anomalous to those who are ignorant of the circumstances and who knew not the man. Sincerity of character and purpose was stamped on every public act of his life. This was the key to his popularity and success ; it is also the great fact to which the misfortunes of his checkered life were attributable. In 1807 he first came before the public as a staunch supporter of Wilberforce, as the advocate of negro emancipation. He was a great supporter of Queen Caroline, and supported the Roman Catholic emancipation. During the reform agitation he told the working men that all the pledges about retrenchment and economy, and the total uprooting of bribery, intimidation, corruption, pen- sions, and sinecures, so glibly promised, would prove to be a delusion ; and when riots' occurred in Birmingham and Bristol, and Nottingham Castle was in flames— when throughout the manufacturing districts of England and Scotland men were being trained to the use of arms, and the lives of those in opposition were frequently not safe, he boldly opposed the popular measure. Between 1829 and 1832 Mr. Oastler was the leader of the Ten Hours' Bill movement. From 1830 to 1847 he was engaged in an unceasing crusade against the cruelties practised in factories until the passing of the Factories' Regulation Act. He was a violent opponent of the new Poor-Law, and was a staunch Protectionist. He was editor of a periodical called The Home, and author of innumerable tracts, besides being a diligent newspaper correspon- dent. His last tract, on Convocation, appeared in 1860, and was favourably noticed in the John Bull. ' The Altai-, the Throne, and the Cottage,' in other words, ' God, the Sovereign, and the People,' was his motto. He num- bered among his friends — judges, bishops, peers, manufacturers, merchants, and operatives. At all times he was the same in manner and spirit ; to the poor and to the rich — courteous, earnest, and sincere." The estimation in which Mr. Oastler was held by those who best knew him was shown by a public meeting held at Leeds a few days after his death, and attended by both millowners and millworkers, when the erection of a monument to his memory was unanimously resolved on, and a subscription at once commenced for that purpose. * A ceremony not unfrequently performed by that venerable man upon the children of his pious followers. RICHARD OASTLER, ESQ. 501 ness at Leeds as a commission agent, but was unsuccessful. At Leeds he was neither idle nor a waster." Benevolence was his characteristic, and he found in Michael Thomas Sadler and Joseph Dickenson congenial spirits to his own. Mr. Oastler's marriage with Miss Mary Tatham, of Nottingham, took place in 1816.t She was one among a thousand; a woman of much natural talent, carefully educated, of the most pleasing man- ners, and a devoted believer in Christ, &c. About July, 1820, he succeeded his father as steward of the Yorkshire estates of Thomas Thornhill, Esq., a Norfolk gentleman of large pro- perty. It was while living in this capacity at Fixby Hall, near Huddersfield, that Mr. Richard Oastler became a public man under somewhat remarkable circumstances. He was, in the autumn of 1830, on a visit to the late John Wood, Esq., an extensive manufacturer at Bradford, when in the course of con- versation that gentleman, who had discovered somewhat of the benevolent, energetic, and impassioned nature of his guest, expressed surprise that he had never turned his attention to the "Factory System," adding that little children were by it subjected to excessive work, and exposed to much cruelty in other ways. Mr. Oastler inquired particulars, and next morning found that Mr. Wood's mind as well as his own had been so much impressed with the subject that neither of them could sleep. The conse- quence was an engagement on his part to obtain, if possible, * And such was the high opinion in which he was held that his friends would have given him credit to almost any amount before he retired from business. t Who thus became, as he himself has said, "the helpmate of him who loved her as his own soul, and during more than twenty-eight ye;i his soitows and enhanced his joys." She whs born May 24th, 17'.i-".. and June 12th, 1845. They had two children, Sarah and Kobert, who both died in their infancy. The good old man, who ever after remained a widower, was seized with his fatal illness while fcravi a Darlington and Bradford. He was removed to Harrogate, and survived net many .1 . 1 1 mind continued as clear and as calm to the last as it had ■ a, full of hopeful and joyful confidence to the end. Hr was a sincere Christian, an honest politician, Mid a man who loved Ins God, Ins qi I bis com The good he has done will live after him. He was an original thinker, and a writer of great ability: perhaps the besi specimi writings maj !»■ found in tin: pages of Th II r omt . a publication he used to call " - bis little pet, whose death" he "regretted with a fathi > ss;" it i ed on .May old, L851, came out weekly, hut wa I in June, not self-supporting. Much, very much, mighl still be culled from it- p though, perhaps, not .if passing interest. Tin- remains o now he in Kirkstall churchyard, mar the n ble abbej ; in that . .. red the remains of his wife and their two children.— For a Ion- description of a b -aim. I gls j window, I erected in St. Stephen's church, Kirkstall, to In. memory, see the / Inlelli'jencer, &c, for. Juno, 1804. 502 UIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. remedies for the evils which had so deeply excited the feelings of Loth. The means employed were more consonant with his own fiery temperament than with the dictates of more sober judgments. Finding the manufacturers unwilling to admit his sweeping charges against the system, and afraid to risk the manufacturing pre-eminence of England, by consenting to restrictions on the labour of young persons and women which did not exist in other countries, he denounced them in unmea- sured terms, confounding together the men of large benevolence, many of whom even advocated moderate restrictions, and those who undoubtedly needed legislative intervention between their cruel neglect of duty and the defenceless sufferers from that neglect. In the course of the Ten Hours' Bill agitation, in which he had several influential coadjutors, but of which he was the recognized leader out of parliament, and in opposing the application of the New Poor-Law to the parishes around Fixby, he succeeded in setting class against class to a lament- able and alarming extent.* He saw in millowners generally men of tyrannical dispositions, the sworn enemies of the opera- tives; and in the advocates of the New Poor-Law none but men who would grind the faces of the poor, while the Board in London were in his eyes actual " devil kings." The resistance to the application of this law in the Huddersfield and Halifax districts, fomented by him, threatened the public peace ; and Mr. Thornhill was induced by a representation from the Poor- Law Board first to remonstrate, and then to deprive him of his .stewardship. This was in 1838. A placard, strongly reflecting upon Mr. Thornhill appeared contemporaneously with a popular ovation to Mr. Oastler at Huddersfield, and the belief that the latter was the author of an attack he really disapproved, induced Mr. Thornhill to sue his late servant for a debt of some years' standing. Judgment was given for the plaintiff in June, 1840, and in December of that year, Mr. Oastler being unable to pay the debt, was lodged in the Fleet Prison. For more than three years he remained within the dismal walls of that prison, being cheered from time to time by the visits of attached friends, and still taking part in public questions by means of his "Fleet Papers." At the beginning of 1844 a public subscription was * At first he stood almost alone, but he was not the man to he daunted l>y difficulties or overcome by opposition, and his exertions soon attracted the notice of other intelligent and patriotic persons. From that time he became the respected and beloved friend of the working classes of England, and his name, both as an orator and a writer, a guarantee for plain-speaking and common sense. MR. JAMES NICHOLS. 503 got up in order to pay Mr. Thornhill's claim, and by February in that year Mr. Oastler was once more a free man. He came forth with his energies abated, but unaltered in any of his views, except that he had learned charity towards former opponent-, whose motives he could now believe to be as pure as his own. Some of those whom he had often in past times denounced had had the pleasure of contributing to procure his release — a circumstance his grateful heart never forgot. Up to the enact- ment of Lord Ashley's Ten Hours' Bill, in 1847, Mr. Oastler continued as earnest, if not so fiery, an advocate of that measure, as in former days. With its enactment his public career may be said to have closed. He lost his wife in 1845. and then resided for some time at Guildford, in Surrey. His death took place in the West-Riding, which so often formerly witnessed his immense activity. We believe he died without an enemy, and that the news of his death would be received with tears in many a poor man's dwelling. There can be no doubt that the factory operatives' condition is now vastly superior to what it was in 1830, or that to Mr. Oastler (after all drawbacks are made) this happy change is in no small measure due. He was a man of large heart, whose story may perhaps point a moral, but will certainly excite much admira- tion for the purity of motive, the energy of character, tin- indomitable perseverance with which ends, he believed to be right, were pursued, throughout a long and most checkered career.'"' — Chiefly from the Leeds Mercury for August 2nd, 1SG1 . 1785—1861. ME. JAMES NICHOLS, The learned printer of Hoxton Square, London, and formerly of Leeds, died November 26th, 1861, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. He was a delightful friend, an accomplished .scholar, an able controversialist, and a literary antiquarian of wide research and great extent of knowledge. He was born a< Washington, in the county of Durham, on April 6th, 1785; but the family soon left the coal district for Bradford, in York * See also the Leeds Intelligencer for August 24th and 31st, and Decombei 7th, 18(U; the Gentleman's Magazine for October, L861, p. 449, and for December, p. 689; the Annual Register, p. 476, &c. For much additional information, which would liave been inserted had apace allowed, see a SpeecJn land Quarterly Review for April, L850, p. 330, &c 504 ' BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. shire. His father meeting with reverses in business, he had to begin to earn his own living at the early age of eight years ; from which time till he was twelve, he worked in a factory at Holbeck, a suburb of Leeds. And here it was that he laid the foundation for his extensive acquirements : for, with that zeal after knowledge which marked him to the last, he fixed his Latin graruniar against some part of the framework, and turned to it whenever his occupation as a piecer left him a spare moment. Subsequently, his father's circum stances being some- what improved, he was enabled to attend the Free Grammar School of Leeds, where he made rapid progress in all the depart- ments of learning. Being specially distinguished for his classical attainments, he soon obtained the position of a private tutor in a gentleman's family; and from that period, ixntil within a few months of his death, it does not appear that he ever slackened his application to his favourite studies. By habits of early rising and other methods of redeeming the time, he succeeded in accomplishing an astonishing amount of literary work, even during the years in which the cares of a large busi- ness required his attention. It is worthy of particular mention that, although he was a layman and a man of business, he loved to read the ponderous folios and quartos in Latin and in Dutch, which contain the biographies, the correspondence, and the controversial writings of the most famous divines of the conti- nent of Europe, subsequent to the period of the Frotestant Reformation, as well as the works of English historians and divines. Every diligent reader of his volumes, " Calvinism and Arminianism compared in their principles and tendency," and " The Works of James Arminius, D.D., including a copious and authentic account of the Synod of Dort and its proceedings, and notices of the progress of his theological opinions in Great Britain and on the Continent," has seen with admiration how ably he executed these self-imposed and important tasks. On all hands his learning and research were acknowledged.* Among the valuable works which Mr. Nichols carefully edited may be enumerated, Fullers " Church History of Britain," his "History of the University of Cambridge and of "Waltham * The Rev. Richard "Watson thus elegantly wrote: "The great object of this various, or, as we might call it, manifold work, is expressed in the title, 'Calvinism and Arminianism compared,' and leads the author into a wide range of historical research, often curious, always interesting, and, in very many instances, exceedingly important. We have read few works with more interest and instruction*; and we may with confidence say, that till these volumes are thoroughly read, no person knows perfectly the times which they embrace. Throughout the whole, we observe in the author a clear knowledge MR. JAMES NICHOLS. 505 Abbey, with the appeal of injured innocence," and his "Holy and Profane State (Avith Notes)/' Faringdoris "Sermons.' Pearson "On the Creed," "The Morning Exei-cises," Chilling- worth's "Religion of Protestants," Thomson's and Young's "Works,"* Caesar's "Commentaries," and Virgil's "Eclogue.-, and Georgics;" all admirable editions. His third volume of the Works of Arminius is left in an advanced state ; and, among other numerous unfinished -works, one of the most interesting is a nearly completed edition of the Poems of Samuel Wesley. Endowed with a knowledge of modern sacred litera- ture sufficient to adorn the highest ecclesiastical position, it is not any occasion of surprise that he was sought out in his modest retirement by Southey, Tomline, and Wordsicorth, and other men of name in the literary world, who courted his friendship and his correspondence ; and that more than once he was invited to enter the ministry of the Church of England.f Mi\ Nichols was a lover of Methodism, and an ardent admirer of the character and writings of the Wesley s. Fifty years ago, when resident in Leeds, he edited the Poetical Works of the celebrated Br. Byrom, of Manchester, who was a friend of the Wesleys ; and, in 1813, it was a labour of love to him to report and publish the proceedings of the first Methodist missionary meeting held in Leeds. He was a large contributor to the "Theological Dictionary" of the Rev. Richard Watson: that celebrated divine having entertained for him a most sincere affection, and having formed the highest estimate of his Learning and ability. The late Dr. Bunting and many other miuisters of the connexion always regarded him with no ordinary measure of love and friendship. Mr. Nichols had a profound reverence for the Holy Scriptures, which he studied in the original Hebrew and Greek, as well as in the authorized English version. of the Christian system, and an amiable and pious spirit. What evi in earnest looks for in a work of this kind, he is sure of finding, Laborious and careful research, good and acknowledged authority jation cai i led up to the fountain-bead, and c;ilm and logical induction." In thi of Mr. Nichols's labours, the highest literary authority day fully con- curred. "This highly valuable work," said the Quarterly I have a place in every historical, and in ical librai Lowndi -/,■ Manual; Darling's Cyclopedia Bibliographica,&c. * "Among the many works which he edited, fcbei ll "' 1 ' cannot be surpassed for judgment, zeal, care, and hip on the p the editor; namely, 'The Poetical Works of Thomson, and ' Che ( ptote WorksofDr. Young.'"'— Athenaeum, Dei ■ h, 1861. t He was especially pressed to take this .step by Ins tv. nds, Archdeacon Wrangham Todd, the i latter of whom brought an urgent message on fche Bubjei t from one wno .»•" well able to appreciate Mr. NichoU's qualifications, th< "'''■ 500 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. That version lie regarded as faithful in intention, happy in execution, and, notwithstanding any criticisms which may have been passed upon it, as a stupendous monument of sacred learning, and as the most estimable gift of God to the English- speaking populations of the world, and to the heathen nations who are receiving the Gospel from English Christians. His excellencies as a husband and a father cannot be told in this brief Sketch. — Abridged from the Watchman newspaper; re- printed, in the form of a pamphlet, with Portrait, by William Nichols, of London. See also the Leeds Intelligencer for December 7th, 1861; Darling's Cyclopedia Bibliographica ; Lowndes's Bibliographer s Manual, &c. The above Sketch has been kindly revised by Mr. Councillor Nichols, of Holbeck. 1784-1883. WILLIAM BECKETT, ESQ. (M.P.), Banker, of Kirkstall Grange, near Leeds, formerly M.P. for Leeds and Papon, died at Brighton, January 26th, 1863, in his seventy-ninth year.* He was the principal partner in the eminent banking firm of Beckett and Co., of the Leeds " Old Bank," and for more than forty years held a leading position in this borough, and stood high in the estimation of his fellow- townsmen, t He had filled with ability, prudence, public spirit, and we may even say with meekness, a very eminent position in the banking and mercantile world. Owing to his wealth and standing, his influence was very great, and his judgment on mercantile, social, and even political questions was highly * On the news of his death becoming known in Leeds, the mayor (Mr. March) ordered the great hell at the Town Hall to be tolled, and the passing-bell of the parish church was rung; and as their solemn tones were wafted on the sombre winter air, and' their significance was understood, a sensible gloom passed over all classes of the inhabitants ; every one feeling that the town had lost a worthy and honoured citizen, who had rendered in his day and genera- tion good service, both publicly and privately, both locally and nationally, to his fellow-men, and had left behind him an unblemished and noble character, as an incentive and example for the present and future generations. *t As the liberal supporter of almost every undertaking having for its object the promotion of the moral, social, and intellectual advancement of the inhabitants of his native town, Mr. Beckett was equally held in esteem ; and as a Churchman, who belonged to no narrow school of theology, he had won for himself the praise of " all sorts and conditions of men," by repeated muni- ficent subscriptions and other gifts for the extension of the Church and educa- tion in this borough. To attempt to raise the character of Mr. Beckett in the estimation of his contemporaries by eulogistic phrases is as unnecessary as it would have been painful to his own unostentatious nature. He has left behind him, as a citizen, as a statesman, as a Christian, a truly good name, — and has obtained from those who were for years his bitterest political oppo- nents an acknowledgment of his clearness of perception, his soundness of judgment, and his honour and faithfulness of conduct. WILLIAM BECKETT, ESQ., M.P. f)07 respected : but he was unostentatious in his mode of living unambitious, calm, and always used his influence with modera- tion, and with great respect for the rights and opinions of others. His person was noble and commanding, his manners highly popular, his talents good, his mode of speaking in public clear and effective; so that he might have taken a far more prominent position in politics if he had chosen. But his never failing moderation led him to decline any peculiar prominence. When loudly called upon by his party, in 1841,* he responded to the call, and accepted a seat for this borough in the House of Commons ;t but when the Conservative party was divided on the Free Trade question, and when he himself had wisely abandoned the views of the Protectionists, he promptly with- drew from the representation of Leeds, and sat for some years for the city of Ripon, from which he retired in the year 1857. * After an arduous contest lie was placed at the head of the poll, having received a larger number of votes than any previous candidate since the enfranchisement of the borough. The numbers on that memorable occasion were:— For W. Beckett (Conservative), 2,07G ; W. Aldam, jun. (Whig), 2,043; Joseph Hume (Radical), 2,033; Viscount Jocelyn (Conservative), 1,926. At the general election, in 1S47, Mr. Beckett was again returned at the head of the poll, the numbers being : — W. Beckett (Conservative), 2,529; James Cartli Marshall (Whig), 2,172; Joseph Sturge (Radical), 1,978. T On the opening of parliament in 1842, Sir Robert Peel, the first minister of the Crown, selected as seconder of the address in the House of Comn the then newly-elected member for this borough, who, if we remember rightly, appeared in full military dress as lieutenant-colonel of the Yorkshire Hussai s, in which capacity he served for very many years, under the late Earl de < rrey. In seconding the address, Mr. Beckett delivered an appropriate and effective speech, which met with the appi-obation of both sides of the House. < >ne topic which he gracefully adverted to was the birth and baptism of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. We have not muni to go into a genei al ri tulation of the other parliamentary services of Mr. Beckett. They were sistent throughout, and were uniformly marked with a due consideration for the public weal. He was a warm supporter of the great constitutional prin- ciples, which are involved in the maintenance of the three estates of tin' realm, and the union of Church and State; but lie was equally the advocate for the removal of abuses which had crept into our national policy, ami for such changes in the fiscal and general laws of our country, as the alti red circumstances of the age justified and prudence sanctioned, lie was the warm supporter of the Factory Bill, which he advocated on the principles of humanity and justice to the females and youthful'operatives employed in the various textile manufactures of the United Kingdom. Eappily, though the Whigs opposed that bill, and Lord John (now Earl) Russell said in the II of Commons, on the very night that .Mr. IV* ! I il.. ■ ■ ■ i i ■ is, thai "he believed that if any measure for the limitation of the industry and labour of our manufactures should be even entertained by parliament would cut at the root of our national ( perity," it has long been, in stance, the law of the land, and millowners and manufaci orei i, as well as 1 1" working classes, acknowledge the propriety of its enactment ami tin ■■ 1 .i has produced. Mr. Beckett took a leading position on the wool dun. . and to his disinterested efforts, in a great measure, was owing the ri peal of the import duty on foreign wools, — a measure which conferred advantage! upon 508 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. No one who ever conversed with Mr. William Beckett could fail to be impressed with the fairness and impartiality of his views, the calmness of his spirit, the soundness of his judgment, and his willingness to listen to men of far humbler position and powers. These qualities naturally added to the estimation in which he was held by the judicious, though not without a slight mixture of regret that he did not always take the position he might have taken. Mr. Beckett was much attached to his native town, and was a liberal supporter of its institutions. He was the founder of several schools, and contributed largely to the support of churches, educational institutions of all kinds, and all our charities. To the Philosophical Hall, the new Infirmary, the intended Mechanics' Hall, the projected church at Headingley, and a multitude of other objects, he gave munifi- cent donations. The conduct of Mr. Beckett and his late brother, Christopher, as bankers, at the alarming crisis of 1825, gave to the Old Bank a strong claim on the confidence, and even on the gratitude of the town. At that period they acted with bold liberality, and yet with prudence, and so as to save many of their customers from embarrassment.* Indeed, Mr. Beckett was the model of a banker; and his influence on the whole mercantile community of Leeds has been most salutary. The last occasion on which he appeared in public in this borough was in November, 1862, when he stood forward to advocate the claims of the people of Lancashire on the sympathy and help of his own fellow-townsmen. It will be remembered that Lord and Lady Palmerston were Mr. Beckett's guests on their visit to Leeds ; and that the esteem of his fellow-townsmen was shown after his retirement from public life by a subscription for a full-length portrait of him, by F. Grant, R.A., at a cost of our woollen manufactures, and, instead of being followed by a depreciation of the price of the home-grown wool, as many had anticipated, was soon suc- ceeded by a greater demand, and enhanced prices for the produce of our own. flockmasters. He supported the liberal commercial tariff introduced by Sir Robert Peel in 1842, and other fiscal changes brought forward by that states- man, including the repeal of the Corn Laws. At all times Mr. Beckett was tolerant of the opinions of others, but he never gave up his own for either party or personal purposes. Had he entered parliament at an earlier day, or had he been ambitious to distinguish himself in the administration of the affairs of the country, there is no doubt that he would have been called upon • to take office in the Government. * This wise and generous conduct was universally acknowledged, and con- firmed the apophthegm that "A Beckett never failed us yet." Since the day when that exclamation first found utterance from grateful lips, it has been re-echoed with popular unanimity under various circumstances ; for no good movement ever lacked the munificent support of this lamented gentleman; and the frequency with which his bounty was exercised caused the expression in cpiestion to become a proverb among his old constituents and neighbours. \ WILLIAM BECKETT, ESQ., M.P. 509 four hundred guineas, which now hangs in our Town Hall,* and has special interest in recalling the features and bearing of a departed worthy. Mr. William Beckett was the fifth son of the first Sir John Beckett, Bart., and heir presumptive to Sir Thomas Beckett, Bart. The youngest brother of that large family, Edmund (Beckett) Denison, Esq., now heir presumptive to the baronetcy, sat as member for the West-Riding in several parliaments. Mr. "William Beckett was born in Leeds, in 1784, and woidd have attained his seventy-ninth year in March. He married, in 1841, Frances Adelina, a sister of H. C. Meynell Ingram, Esq., of Temple Newsam, who survives him, without children. He was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London. For a long account of his funeral, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c., for February 7th, 1863. Funeral sermons were preached at St. George's church, Leeds, by the Rev. William Sinclair, M.A., late incumbent (for long extracts from which, see the Leeds Intelligencer for February 14th); and at the parish church, by the Rev. Canon Atlay, D.D. For Stanzas " In Memoriam," by Joseph Smeaton, of Leeds, see the Intelligencer for February 21st; for extracts from Mr. Beckett's will,T see the Intelli- gencer for April 4th, 1863; and for a long description of a stained glass window, which has been recently placed to his memory in St. Stephen's church, Kirkstall, see the Leeds Intel- ligencer for May, 1864. See the Gentleman's Magazine; the Annual Register; and also Sketches of his father and brothers in this vol., pp. 304, 418, and 422, 'eu.<>\v-t"wnsmkx, and pbesented by them to the borough as a testimonial of their high respect and bsthhh. 1859. —For a long account of the presentation of this Portrait, see I Intelligencer, &c., for October 29th, 1859. . t The sum of £2,000 was directed to be distributed for such charitable objects in Leeds as his executors should ad in addition th( continue for one year all his annual charitable subscriptions and contnbi His trustees were also directed to apply at their discretion £1,000 per annum for ten years in promoting the extension of Divine worship according to the rites of the Established Church, and the endowment of the ministers ol church, within the borough of Leeds. Foi a lisl of the obantabli of the late Miss Becketts, see the Leed* ft ine 4th, ] 510 B10GRAI>HIA LEODIENSIS. 1800-1863.* FREDERICK HOBSON, ESQ., Senior proprietor of the Leeds Times, died very suddenly, + February 18th, 1863, aged sixty-three years. A large portion of the late Mr. Hobson's life was spent in connection with his journal. The Leeds Times, which first saw the light soon after the passing of the Reform. Bill, was still, when it came into his hands nearly thirty years ago, in its early and precarious infancy. % It needed watchful care and skilful fostering. Those who know best the perils that beset a journal on all sides during the early stages of its existence can best estimate the magnitude of the difficulties which Mr. Hobson encountered and overcame. He was eminently a man of business. He understood the * — 1863. Wsr. Milthokpe Maude, Esq. , a magistrate and deputy -lieu- tenant for the "West-Riding of Yorkshire, died at his residence, Knowsthorpe House, Leeds, March 29th, 1863, in his eighty-sixth year. During a long and honourable career he was called to the discharge of many important public functions, and in every capacity his conduct was remarkable for ability and zeal, conscientiousness and faithfulness. He was a consistent aud warm supporter of the Conservative cause, and at various periods of his life took an active interest in the great political movements of the day. He was for a long succession of years the vicar's churchwarden for the parish of Leeds ; a patron of the Leeds vicarage ; and one of the Pious Use trustees. His remains were interred at Roundhay church, near Leeds. •f* This melancholy event occurred on "Wednesday so suddenly and unex- pectedly that his family and friends were entirely unprepared for the heavy loss which befell them. Mr. Hobson visited the office on Tuesday morning apparently in good health, and even more than ordinarily cheerful. He afterwards went to collect the rents of some property which belonged to him, and while in the house of one of his tenants was seized with apoplexy. He was conveyed to the office in a cab as speedily as possible, and medical aid immediately procured. Soon afterwards he was taken to his residence at "Woodhouse, where he died at a quarter past three o'clock the following morning. Few men were less likely than Mr. Hobson to terminate life thus suddenly. Of spare figure, of temperate, active, and regular habits, he pre- sented none of those characteristics which are usually considered as indicating a liability to apoplectic attacks, but from which liability, of course, none- — and especially those entering upon the winter of life — are free. His good consti- tution was to all appearance unimpaired, and seemed of late years to have rather gained than otherwise in strength and stability. The disappearance thus abruptly of a fellow-being from the busy scene of human existence, in whose cares, and interests, and enjoyments he was but a day or two before an active participator, cannot fail to impress even the general public with a vivid sense of the uncertain tenure by which life is held, and of the great truth that "in the midst of life we are in death." How little can any of us tell at any moment how soon the slender thread of existence may snap asunder. To those who knew the late Mr. Hobson intimately, and those who were con- nected with him by the closer ties of relationship, the event strikes far deeper and sadder chords of feeling. % The Leeds Times newspaper was established by Messrs. Fenton, Roebuck, and Bingley, and within a few months of its commencement came into the hands of its late senior proprietor, Mr. Frederick Hobson. By careful management and able editing, it has attained a very high position as a Liberal provincial newspaper, and has gradually increased from a small sheet to its WILLIAM GOTT, ESQ. 511 importance of good financial management. To him was mainly due the credit of organizing the practical arrangements in con- nection with the paper; he placed them on a sound basis; he watched over them vigilantly; and he lost no opportunity of impi'oving and extending them. The journal he had taken under his charge had, during its early course, some hard struggles to wage, and not a few trying vicissitudes to pass through; but gradually it won its way, and for many years before his death had risen to a position of prosperity and influence. His own labours were exclusively confined to the commercial department; he seldom interfered, except by occa- sional suggestions, with the editorial management of the paper. Satisfied as to the principles, ability, and judgment of those to whom its direction was intrusted, he wisely left them unfettered in the exercise of their functions. In his own sphere his ser- vices were invaluable. The Leeds Times owes much of its success to his practical acuteness and business aptitudes — his activity and enterprise. Of late years his eldest son, Mr Wm. Hobson, who joined him in the proprietorship of the paper, has taken a leading part in its editorial management and direction. The loss of Mr. Hobson, although he never took any very j im- minent position in public affairs, was widely and deeply He was a quiet worker, and he did his work efficiently. His manners were wholly free from pretension — indeed he was unassuming and retiring almost to a fault. He was upright in business, and kind in the relations of private life. To his own family the loss must be irreparable; and, beyond the domestic circle, many who have been for years associated with him in the management of the paper will feel keenly and deeply this sudden severance of a long connection. — See the Leeds Papers, &c, for February, 1863. 1797-1863.* WILLIAM GOTT, ESQ., Woollen merchant, of Wyther Grange, Kirkstall, and also oi Bay Fort, Torquay, one of the senior partners in the emineni present large size. It has numbered amongst il the Rev. 1.1 Parsons, the lamented Robert Nicoll. ("J < 'lisn-l.-s ll...,t..i.. Samu.-I Sn Its present weekly circulation is said to be upwards of 22.000 1 f its advertisements, now numerous, have more than douhl d ■ ye JS'Por along Sketch of Mr. Robert Nicoll, poet, &c, who died D 7th, 1837, in his twenty-fourth year, see MayhalTs Am P * _!i863. For a Sketch of the late Cfiurles Bous, Id, '" ; ■ < Roundhay, near Leeds; oi thi Sim of Hudron and Boiufleld, wo 512 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. and long-established firm of Benjamin Gott and Sons, cloth- merchants and manufacturers, Leeds, died somewhat suddenly, August 25th, 1863, at Patterdale, in Westmoreland, where he was on a visit for the benefit of his health. Though not what may be termed a public man, he was nevertheless a public benefactor. His loss will be felt by all our local charities, to which he was a munificent contributor. He did much good without ostentation, had a warm attachment to his native town, and loved to see its progress and improvement. Mr. William Gott possessed an accurate knowledge of business, and devoted much of his time and attention to the interests of the firm of which his revered father was the founder, and of which he and his brother (John) have been for upwards of twenty years the chief members; but he was not unmindful of the more refined pursuits of life, and his love of the fine arts formed his chief recreation at home, where he delighted to surround himself with those objects of taste which he had collected from boyhood upwards. But his was not a selfish taste: he had long been a member of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society; he was one of its vice-presidents for 1863, and in several ways, and cloth-merchants ; president of the Leeds Conservative Association ; chairman of Mr. G. S. Beecroft's Committee, and his proposer at the last nomination, see the Leeds Intelligencer for June 6th, 1863. 1800 — 1863. William Willans, Esq., J. P., was born at Leeds, in 1800, but removed to Huddersfield when a young man, and established himself in business, first as a commission-agent, and afterwards as a wool-merchant. By mercantile talent, prudence, and high integrity, he gained a character which raised his house to a first-rate position, and yielded him a handsome fortune. His abilities as a commercial man were held in the highest respect, which was shown by his being twice elected president of the Huddersfield Chamber of Commerce — a position he filled with efficiency till his death — and also by his being chosen chairman of the Exhibition Committees of both 1851 and 1862. Mr. Willans became extensively known, not only in Yorkshire, but throughout England, as one of the principal wool -merchants of the West-Riding; and also as a leading member of the Liberal party at Huddersfield; and a zealous supporter of the voluntary principle, whether in education or religion. In 1852, at the requisition of a majority of the electors, he consented to become a candidate for the representation of the borough; at the election he was defeated by thirty-nine votes ; his opponent, however, was unseated for bribery. He took an active part in Sunday schools, in British and Foreign schools, in the affairs of the Congregational church in Ramsden Street, in the London Missionary Society, the Bible Society, the Religious Tract Society, the Town Mission, and almost every public association for the promotion of objects of a similar nature. He was one of the founders and most active benefactors of the Huddersfield College, and at his death, September 4th, 1863, had been for many years its president ; and he also gave his aid to the Huddersfield Mechanics' Institute. He died universally lamented, and was honoured with a public funeral. — See the Leeds Mercury; the Huddersfield Papers for September, 1863; the Illustrated London News, &c. And for a much longer Sketch, see the Evangelical Magazine, and the West-Biding Con- gregational Register, &c, for 1864. The above brief Sketch has been kindly revised by his son, Jas. Edwd. Willans, Esq. , of Huddersfield. e> WILLIAM GOTT, ESQ. 513 on many occasions, he gave significant proof of his appreciation of the objects which that society had been established to pro- mote, by contributing largely in every way to it. His contribu- tions to the museum are of great value; amongst them are the fine fossil of the great Irish elk, and the finely -preserved Bengal tiger, and other specimens of natural history, with many similar objects of interest. Many of our readers will also remember the beautiful collection of manuscripts which he sent on the occasion of the opening of the new hall of the society. Thus he endeavoured to give to others the enjoyment of those things that his means allowed him in an unusual degree fco pos ess. His great liberality found many ways of exercising itself. There is scarcely a public institution in the town which lias not been indebted to him. He was one of the largest subscribers to the New General Infirmary for the borough, and to the fund for enlarging the Philosophical Hall — to the former giving .£1,000, and to the latter £500. He also gave largely to the fund for the erection of a new building for the Leeds Mechanics' Institution and Literary Society. Nor amidst these numerous gifts in the town were his own workpeople forgotten. He sought and laboured for their comfort in every way. It may not be generally known that he was the suggester of the plan for assigning allotment gardens to the mill-hands. In polities Mr. Gott was a sound Conservative, though he took no public part in them. He was very tolerant of the political opinions of others, and in all his dealings with other men he displayed an almost complete abnegation of political partisanship. In religion, Mr. Gott was a consistent member of the Church of England, whose usefulness he sought to extend, not less by liis own life of practical piety, than by the way in which lie aided everv scheme for church improvement in the town. In con- cluding our brief notice, we will only add that kindness '■> others, sympathy with all sorrow, and a desire fco make all around him happy, were the prominent points of his character that his loss will be deplored not only by his friends, or tl. with whom he was brought into immediate contact, bu1 by tin- town at large; and that it will b6 Ion-- before the v. -id can ed by his large-hearted kindness can he supplied. lie did not enjoy the best health for some years before he died; but bis fatal' illness was only contracted a I' v. days before hi death, by his getting wet, and a serious attack of dysenterj coming from which he never rallied. He was the second urvh son of the late Mr. Benjamin Gott, and was in tl- 66th yeai of his age. He was buried the Tuesday following, Septembei K K 514 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. 1st, in their family vault, at Armley church, near Leeds.* — For a long account of the funeral, with extracts from funeral sermons, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for September 5th and 12th, 1863. 1787—1863. JOHN SHEEPSHANKS, ESQ., ' ' The accomplished owner of the famous collection of pictures, known as the Sheepshanks' gallery," which he gave to the nation, was born in 1787, and was the son of a wealthy cloth-manufac- turer at Leeds, where he succeeded his father in the business. The leisure which he could spare from commercial pursuits he devoted to the study of the fine arts. Having a large income at his disposal, he gradually became possessed of one of the best collections of pictures by British artists that have ever been formed, and these he munificently presented to the nation, in 1856, tinder certain conditions.t This collection, which embraces 233 oil-paintings and 103 sketches and dra wings by Turner, Stanfield, Chalon, and most of our best modern artists, has been deposited at the South Kensington Museum, where the public are admitted free of cost at all times when the gallery is not reserved for the use of students. The liberal donor, remembering how many of the public have but one leisure day, wherein they could have enjoyment of his gift, wished that access might be given to all comers after morning church-hours on Sundays. There was a powerful sentiment which success- * He left three legacies of £200 each to the Leeds General Infirmary, the Public Dispensary, and the House of Recovery ; and a marble bust of him is being carved at Rome for the Leeds Philosophical Hall. ■f Mr. John Sheepshanks had for a long time been known as a collector of choice pictures, but he led a quiet and unobtrusive life, liberal to artists, and happy in their society — though unknown to the general world, up to the act of patriotic munificence which entitled him to a nation's gratitude. Early in December, 1856, London was surprised and delighted to hear that he had pre- sented to the nation the whole of his splendid collection of drawings and paintings, for the purposes of public instruction in art. Mr. Sheepshanks disap- proved of irresponsible management by boards like the trustees of the British Museum and the National Gallery, and made it a condition that the responsi- bility of taking care of his collection should rest with an individual minister — the vice-president of the Committee of Council on Education. The gene- rous donor considered that a crowded thoroughfare was not suitable for the genial study of works of art ; and he stipulated that his collection should be removed to South Kensington, giving also a liberal permission to provincial towns to have the pictures on loan, if the authorities provided suitable places to exhibit them in. Lord Palmerston accepted the splendid gift with grati- tude, on behalf of the Government, and the collection was removed from Rutland Gate to South Kensington early in 1857. The collection is worth about £60,000. It is especially rich in the best works of Mulready, Leslie, and Landseer, and contains fine examples of the principal modern British oil- painters. KOBERT GEORGE HARDWICK, ESQ., M.D. 515 fully opposed that wish. Almost the only legal enjoyment which is permitted to our labouring classes, between the Sunday hours of church services, is to be found in the taverns, which are then opened. He was also, in the later years of his life, a great collector of valuable books. His death took place on Monday, October 5th, 1863, at his residence, Rutland Gate, Knightsbridge, London, aged seventy-four. His brother, the Rev. Richard Sheepshanks, F.R.S., &c, formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a distinguished astronomer (for a Sketch of whom see page -±57), died in 1855. — See the Leeds Papers; the Illustrated London Xeivs; the Illustrated Times for October, 1863; the Leeds Intelligencer for December 13th, 1856; the Art-Journal for 1857, p. 33, &c. 1834-1864. ROBEET GEOEGE HARDWICK, ESQ., M.D., Physician, of Park Square, Leeds, died early on Tuesday morning, January 19th, 1864, aged thirty years. There was but one feeling of deep regret in the town at the announcement of this event.* Dr. Hardwick was a native of Leeds, had studied at the Leeds Medical School, had subsequently taken distinguished honours in the medical examinations of the London University, t had held the office of house surgeon to the Leeds General Infirmary during four years, and had settled for the last four years in Leeds as a physician. His high attainments and testimonials secured him the appointment, against a formidable competition, to the post of junior physician at the Leeds Infirmary. Dr. Hardwick was also physician to the Leeds Dispensary and to the House of Recovery, and lecturer on medicine at the Medical School. Though only just turned thirty years of age, and not long established, lie was beginning to gain a good practice, and was generally lo< upon as a rising man in his profession. He was married al three years ago to Miss Cook, of Richmond, Yorkshire, and besides his widow, two infant children. Tl ins of this much lamented gentleman were interred on the Friday following, in Headingley churchyard. The funeral was attended bj * His loss was felt in the town of Lee ! and by the Medical School and Infirmary, with which I capacities for many years honourabl by a large number of private I t Mr. Robert & passed third in hi ".' '" ■ urs in midwifery : and in the follow! tion at the Ui Ion. 516 BIOGRAPIirA LEODIENSIS. all the medical gentlemen and medical students in the town and district, and by a large number of other friends of the deceased.'"' — See the Leeds Papers, &c. 1799-1864. ALARIC ALEXANDER WATTS, ESQ., Whom some of our readers may recollect, through his connec- tion with the Leeds Intelligencer, of which he was the editor about forty years ago, died in Blenheim Crescent, Kensington Park, London, April 5th, 1864, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. Mr. A. A. Watts was bom in London, March 19th, 1799. In 1822 he published a volume of poems, Poetical Sketches, which went through many editions, and in the same year he became editor of the Leeds Intelligencer, and continued upon it for four or five years. At that time newspaper hostilities were waged with much severity, and Mr. Watts bore his part against his antagonist, the Leeds Mercury, with no little spirit and ability. After this he held the editorship of the Manchester Courier, which he relinquished and returned to London to edit the Literary Souvenir, one of those "annuals" which, like the Forget Me Not and the Keepsake, enjoyed a well-earned popu- larity during several years. He brought out eleven volumes of the Literary Souvenir (1824 to 1834),+ and three volumes of the Cabinet of Modern Art (1836-1838). From that time Mr. Watts was largely connected with the press, and was the first editor of the United Service Gazette. In 1850 he published Lyrics of the Heart; and in 1853 he obtained a literary pension of £100 a year. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for April 9th, 1864. For additional particulars, see Knight's Cyclopaedia of Universal Biography; the Gentleman's Magazine; Walford's Men of the Time, &c. 1793-1864. CHARLES GASCOIGNE MACLEA, ESQ., Justice of the peace, and formerly mayor of the borough of Leeds, died at his residence, Blenheim Terrace, Leeds, May 24th, 1864, aged seventy-one. Mr. Maclea, though descended from a good family (his grandfather, Dr. Maclea, being a clei'gy- * Some of the friends of the late Dr. Hardwick, of Leeds, desirous of showing their respect to his memory, have lately subscribed upwards of £280 towards founding a prize, to be called the Hardwick Clinical Prize. It is the intention of the subscribers that this prize shall be annually awarded to the best student in clinical medicine at the Leeds General Infirmary. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for September 24th, 1864. f For Stanzas on "Kirkstall Abbey Revisited," by ^laric A. Watts, see the Leeds Intelligencer for December 16tb, 1824, &c. CHARLES GASCOIGNE MACLEA, ESQ. ."; 1 7 man of the Church of Scotland), was yet a self-made man, who rose^ to fill with universal esteem some of the highest offices his fellow-townsmen could confer. As a member for many years of the celebrated firm of Maclea and March, machine-makers, Dewsbury Road, Leeds, he gained a high character for commercial honour. Mr. Maclea, as an eminent maker of flax-spinning and other machinery, had a European fame; but for some years, we believe, he had not taken much part in the business of the firm — the conducting of which was left in the hands of his partner." As a man of business Mr. Maclea was industrious and persevering, anil showed that amount of sound judgment, coupled with courtesy and liberality in his dealings, which won for him great respect and considerable wealth. In the year 1847 lie was elected on the directory of the Leeds and Yorkshire Insurance Company, and almost immediately afterwards he was appointed the chair man of the Board; and he held that honourable and responsible post with great satisfaction till the year before his death, when he resigned on account of the state of his health, and he was succeeded by Mr. Joseph M. Tennant. Mr. Maclea was placed on the commission of the peace for this borough several years ago, and faithfullv discharged his magisterial duties until his declining health compelled him to relinquish them. In politics he was a consistent Whig, and was made an alderman in 1842, and retained that position until 1862, when he declined being again put in nomination. In 1816 he was elected mayor of the borough, but he soon after resigned that office on account of his health, and was succeeded by the late Sir George Goodman. In public and private life Mr. Maclea's demeanour was alike unostentatious and kind both to rich and poor, and it may safely be said that he lived and died in the love and esteem of all \\ ho knew him well.t His funeral took place at Si. Mark's church, * On his retiring from business, in January, L843, tin- workmen gave him ■> dinner, after which they ]> ■" liini a splendid gold snuff-hox, frmi establishment of Messrs. Wilkinson, silversmiths, of Leeds; on the lid of which was richly wrought, in high relief, York M ad on the bottom was the following inscription: '" I I bo Charles Gascoigne Maclea, Esq., by the workmen late in his employ, as an humble ■ their esteem and respect. January I t He married a daughter « be Mr. Matthew Murray, but, havini no issue, he left the greater part of his property to the childri □ oi Mr. J. March (the late mayor of this borough), in | hip with whom ii had been made. A. beautiful font, carved in ( Mr. Robert Mawer, oi Leeds, was munificently presented bo St. Mark's church. Wood] Mr, Alderman .Maclea; for a d< cription of which, so- Mayhall'a AnnaX Leeds, &c, p. 641. He was also one of the jc Exhibition in 1851 for tools and manufacturin nes. 518 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Woodhouse, on Saturday, May 28th, 1864, and was attended by the borough magistrates and the directors of the Leeds and Yorkshire Insui'ance Company. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. The above Sketch has been kindly revised. 1802-1864. MES. WOOD (nee Paton), An eminent vocalist, well known in Leeds and neighbourhood, expired July 21st, 1864, at Bultcliffe Hall, near Bretton, in this county, where she and Mr. Joseph "Wood had been residing for the last twelve months. After she had retired from public life, she and her husband took up their residence at Woolley Moor, near Wakefield, where they resided until May, 1854, when, after a short sojourn in Manchester, they came to Leeds, where for several years they resided at Camden House, Wood- house Lane, where the lady devoted herself to the teaching of music. Her labours in this department of the profession resulted in the successful scientific education of several pro- mising English singers. We need only mention Miss Milner, Miss Pilling, and Miss Dobson, as examples of her careful musical training. Mrs. Mary A. Wood was the eldest daughter of Mr. Paton, a well educated tutor at the head of an Edin- burgh mathematical establishment, and was born in 1802. From her earliest years her musical gift was prominently exhibited, and when only two years of age she could name any tone, or semitone, on hearing it sounded. At four years of age she was able to perform on the harp and pianoforte, and when five years old several fantasias were published under her name. In 1810 Miss Paton appeared at several concerts in Edinburgh, where she sang and accompanied herself on the pianoforte, and recited with considerable effect Collins's " Ode to the Passions," "Alexander's Feast," and other similar pieces of oratory. At Huntley, hi Aberdeenshire (whither she had accompanied her father), the Duke of Cumberland, who was then on his way to Culloden, was so delighted with the style in which she executed several Scotch melodies, that he presented her with a superb scarf of silk tartan. Mr. Paton went up to London in 1811, but here his daughter found considerable difficulties interposed to prevent her from appearing in public, owing to the prejudices of the professors who had then the lead of the musical world; but at length Mr. Morris, of the Haymarket, agreed to give her an easy essay on the stage, and on the 3rd of August, 1822, Miss Paton made her first curtsey as Susannah in the " Marriage of Figaro." She was a very agreeable looking girl ; her figure MRS. WOOD. 519 was about the middle height, slender and delicate; her hair and eyes were dark, her complexion clear. Never was success more decided or more deserved. She subsequently performed Rosina in the "Barber of Seville," &c. Two months after Miss Paton was engaged at Covent Garden, replacing 31 iss Stevens in the first characters. On the 19th of October she appeared as Polly in the "Beggar's Opera/' and repeated that character two or three times; but her name was then suddenly omitted from the bills until the 7th of December, when she appeared as Mundane. Curiosity was naturally excited, and it then appeared that Miss A. M. Tree had peremptorily refused to perform with Miss Paton, except on the condition of her rival playing second to her, which the quality of their respective voices rendered absurd: besides, Miss Paton had been engaged to perform first characters only.' 5 ' Her unhappy marriage with Lord William Lennox took place in 1821, but it was not publicly avowed till two years later, t After her marriage with Mr. Wood she enjoyed a prosperous career, and after a few years retired in a great measure from public engagement-, taking up her residence at first near Wakefield, and afterwards at Leeds. About a year ago (1863), Mr. and Mrs. Wood * The revival of Shakspeare's plays with music proved a more fertile source of jealousy between the tival sirens. In February, 1823, they performed together in the "Comedy of Errors." Miss Paton, as Adrian, sang the " Willow" song from Othello, and " Come, live with me and be my love," vej y sweetly, but she surpassed herself in " Lo ! here the gentle lark," from Venus and Adonis. The duet with Miss Tree, " Tell me, where is fancy hied ! " was finely executed. When Miss Stevens's engagement at the English opera house was concluded, Miss Paton took her place to execute the music of " Der Freischittz," which was produced July 22nd, 1823. She was then essentially acknowledged to be a British songstress. Her voice was sweet, brilliant, and powerful, its compass extending from A to D or E, or above eighteen or nine- teen notes, and her intonation was correct. In October, 1823, at given by her for the benefit of the nascent Royal Academy of Music, almosl the only encore of the night was accorded to the duet "SulT Aria," sung bj Miss Paton and Miss A. ML Tree. This sweet and beautiful melod\ was "made a mere ground for the ladies to embroider upon, and they maun as much ingenuity and as much execution as possible, though a! the . • of a sound taste." In addition to the allurement of conscious power, Paton began to imitate Catalini, and she did so with success, however nraon it was regretted by true lovers of song. t After her marriage the unhappy wife's health became so impai even when the curtain rose to crowded audiences, the public were > certain that they mighl not be met by a medical certificate of Mj j Paton'a "total incapacity to play that evening." An ( from her husband, followed by a divorce, terminated her unlu For ni husband Miss Paton selected Mr. '>• ■ w1 "' had lately appeared on the Ooveni Garden boards. Ee was a fine and looking man, with a i eeable roice, and in bo was a pretty good actor. -Mrs. Wo iduaUy recovered her health, whi< Lady William Lennox, she had lost, and the cheerfulness and 520 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. removed again to the neighbourhood of "Wakefield, where Mrs. Wood died, as already stated, after a long declining state of health. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. ; and for many additional particulars, see the Leeds Times for July 23rd, 1864. 1792—1864. JOHN HOPE SHAW, ESQ., An eminent solicitor, died on Saturday morning, August 20th, 1864, at his residence at Headingley, near Leeds, in the seventy- second year of his age."' To his kindred and more intimate friends the death of Mr. Shaw was not an unexpected event; for, although he was of good sound constitution, and had not been confined to his house for more than a few weeks, there were certain premonitory symptoms at the early stage of his illness which caused serious apprehensions as to its probable result. By the death of Mr. Shaw, the town of Leeds lost one of its most distinguished members — a man who, it is not too much to say, in this borough had no equal in the grasp of his intellect, the depth of his knowledge, and the soundness of his judgment. Nor was he deficient in the softer feelings of humanity; for, though his demeanour was grave and dignified, and occasionally marked with a degree of reserve amounting to coolness, there was no forbidding hauteur in his bearing, and his whole public conduct was free from those "fantastic tricks" which the great dramatist rightly assigns as the besetting failings of many men " dressed in a little brief authority." To the humble as well as the exalted he was always courteous; and the many personal labours and personal sacrifices which he made, year after year, for a long period of time, are an indis- putable evidence that to promote the moral, the intellectual, and the social advancement of the middle and lower classes of the community was to him not only an object of commendable days returned. Her first appearance in p\iblic, after her marriage with Mr. Wood, was on February 24th, 1829, at Uovent Garden, as lieisa in Weber's "Oberon." Her powers were found unimpaired, and were never more brilliantly displayed. Tempting offers induced Mr. and Mrs. Wood to cross the Atlantic in 1840. On their return, they judiciously invested their earnings in the purchase of an estate in Yorkshire, intending to retire and enjoy the ease and quiet which they had fairly won. * All ranks and parties in the borough of Leeds learnt with feelings of deep regret the death of John Hope Shaw, Esq., one of the most eminent of the Leeds magistrates, the head of a long-established legal firm, and a man who has filled in the course of the past half century some of the most honoured and most useful posts which could be conferred upon him by hi< fellow-townsmen. JOHN HOPE SHAW, ESQ. 521 ambition, but a real labour of love." In his profession : solicitor and attorney, Mr. Shaw may be said to have stood on the topmost pinnacle. His great talents, in the course of his long professional career, received several marks of recognition. He was elected — if not the first — one of the earliest presidents of the Provincial Law Association; and as a token of their deep respect for him, and as a tribute to his great legal know- ledge, and the valuable services which he had rendered to the profession, the members of the association p d him with a handsome testimonial. A further tribute to his legal know- ledge and personal character was subsecptentlv paid to him by his being elected a member of the Council of "the Incorporated Law Society, and as such an examiner of candidate-- for the profession of attorney of her Majesty's courts of law. The Metropolitan and Provincial Law Society had elected him pre- sident for the year 1864, and if he had lived he would have taken the chair at the annual meeting of that association, which was shortly afterwards held in Leeds, and at which many eulo- gies were pronounced to his memory. In his magisterial capacity, Mr. Shaw was exemplary beyond question. In every sense he was an ornament to the bench of this borough. His lecal knowledge surpassed that of any man that ever sat there; in his administration of justice he was patient in the investigation * Mr. John Hope Shaw was for many years an alderman of this bon in which capacity he rendered valuable service to the corporation ami burgesses. His personal and public character alike commanded the unanimous respect of his townsmen, who had been accustomed to see him fur many years a foremost and eloquent advocate of religion, education, and li' Mr. Shaw was a warm and staunch friend of all associations for the mental and moral improvement of the working classes. Fe\ I td sense of the duty which the educated and upper classes owe t" favourably circumstanced than themselves, or more readily and frequently responded (at the sacrifice of bis valuable time) to the call for his - public meetings in various parts of the Wesl Riding to promote the car popular education. His great abilities were combined witl dence of thought, calmness and soundness of judgment, and n. thai the highest respect was accorded by men of all parties and i elusions at which he arrived. As a magi 'rate lie v. painstaking, enlightened, and firm: the character of bis mind v. i ntly judicial, and his loss was deeply f< it by his brother-ma I bten compositions were marked by accur: public sp< he was perspicuous, lucid, and i ffi Do private life Mr. Shaw wa ■ mosi estimable; of domestic habits and rmly beloved by his family and intimate friends. <,»n ; . I and somewh d in general conversation, he was n . charming and instruc tive companion by those who had the advantage of his friendship, In character there was the mo I perfeci hon ur, and in his manners an u Burning dignity. "We aeed aot say," said tin- I. ■ ■ \i the death of such a man is a great public > the town of Leeds, and it will be felt by all classes of our townsmen." 522 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. of the circumstances of the cases brought before him; his deci- sions were marked by logical and legal acumen, and were pro- nounced with clearness and precision. In private life Mr. Shaw was kind and amiable, and was much beloved by his kindred. He was, we believe, a native of Otley, at which place his father was a surgeon. His wife, to whom he was married late in life, died a few years ago, leaving no offspring. Having glanced at Mr. Shaw's general character, both public and private, we will now briefly enumerate some of the public offices which he filled. He was three times elected mayor of Leeds, namely: — On the 9th of November, 1848; on the 20th of March, 1852; and on the 9th of November, 1852. In the last year of his mayoralty he laid the foundation-stone of the Town Hall, on the 17th of August, 1853. In the latter part of 1848 Mr. Shaw was placed on the commission of the peace for the borough. In 1837 he was elected a member of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society; and, besides soon after being appointed one of its council, he was seven times elected the president of the society, the duties of which he discharged with almost unequalled efficiency. The settlement and adoption of rules for the society under its recent new organization are greatly due to Mr. Shaw's judicious and persevering labours.* It would occupy too much of our space to enumerate all the offices in connection with public institutions which Mr. Shaw was called upon to fill. "We may name two or three in addition to those to which we have called attention. He was for several years the president of the Leeds Mechanics' Institute and Literary Society, and he was also one of the vice-presidents of the York- shire Union of Mechanics' Institutes. He was the president of the Leeds Recreation Society. He was also president of the Headingley Mechanics' Institute, and he was often called upon to take a leading part at the annual meetings and soirees of various kindred institutions in different parts of this county. He was likewise the president of the Leeds Society for the * In the course of his thirty-seven years' membership of the society, he read the following papers: — "On Capital Punishment," read October 21st, 1842; "On the Origin, Progress, and Present State of the English Jury System," read October 20th, 1843 ; " On Capital Punishment," read December 17th, 1847; "On the History of English Municipalities," read October 14th, 1854; "On the Origin of the English Parliament," read October 30th, 1855; and " On the English Parliament from the Reign of Edward I. to the Revolu- tion of 1688," read October 21st, 1856. These papers were marked by great research, patient investigation, and cogent reasoning. In style they were lucid and forcible, eveiy sentence almost being so accurately and perspicuously constructed that the removal or displacement of a word would have impaired the beauty or the clearness of the ideas intended to be conveyed. JOHN HOPE SHAW, ESQ. Promotion of the Observance of the Sabbath. He was one of the trustees of the Leeds parish church, and, being a sound Churchman, he was a warm and liberal supporter of church schools and missions, and often was an effective speaker at meetings held for their promotion. He was also one of vice-presidents of the Leeds Church Institute. In politic Mr. Shaw was a Whig, and he held his opinions with a com- mendable toleration of those who differed from him. A party man on most public questions he acted with his party; but he held his principles too broadly to be tied down to any mere sectarian action, as was shown in las strong advocacy of state-assisted education in opposition to some of the leading Liberals (who so frecpiently proclaim themselves to be the only friends of the people). Whether in public or private life, as we have already intimated, Mr. Shaw deservedly won the affection and the esteem of his fellow-men, and he died beloved by his relatives, friends, and associates, and greatly respected by all classes of the public* The body of Mr. Shaw was interred at the Leeds Cemetery, Burmantofts, where rest the remains of his wife. The funeral was attended by a large number of our leading fellow-townsmen, and the solemn event was marked by the tolling of the Town Hall bell, and the bells of the parish church. — Chiefly from the Leeds Intelligencer, which see for a long account of the funeral, &c. See also the Leeds Mercury, tec. * STANZAS OH JOHX HOPE SHAW. From the Leeds Intt lligencer. " The silver cord is loos'd, the golden bowl is broken ! " Those golden sands of life lie flooded o'er By that resistless, cold, relentless ocean That beats for ever on Life's yielding shore. But through the blackness of these fatal waters Illumining the gloom through which they shine ; Behold true splendours of a lifetime, making Goodness in Death seem almost all divine. Nor Bench, nor Bar, might boast a nobler chieftain ; Forensic learning knew no wiser sun ; Justice and Honour lose a great disciple ; In him faith, knowledge, conscience blent in I Ah, never more the Town shall look upon him, The tall lithe figure with the schol The bald broad foreh sad and the to He the chief presence oft of mi ap ! His works could be but fragrant 1 refreshi J I i> whole course be i. at, and pun . A blessing he to all for whom be labou A precious memory now that shall i adure. Leeds, August 24th, 1864. 524 BIOGP.APHIA LEODIENSIS. 1834-1864. ME. JAMES EDWARD FAWCETT, R.N., Surgeon to H.M.S. Racehorse, which was wrecked on the 4th of November, 18G4, whose premature death was caused thereby. He was born at Woodhouse, near Leeds, in April, 1834, and received his early education at Mr. Richard Hiley's, Queen's Square, and at the Grammar School, Leeds. In 1849 he joined the Leeds School of Medicine, being also an assistant at the Leeds Dispensary. He took out his diploma in the Roj r al College of Surgeons, London, in August, 1855, and in October of the same year he was commissioned as assistant surgeon to the Waterloo, then lying at Sheerness. In the summer of 1856 he was appointed to the Acorn, in which he sailed for China, and served until 1859, when he was appointed to the Chesapeake, then the flagship on the China station. He was present at the taking of Canton, the battle of Fatshan, and at both attacks on the Peiho forts— after the latter of which he was raised to the rank of full surgeon by Admiral Hope, in January, 1861, and was confirmed in that rank on his return home in December, 1861. In the many actions he was concerned in, he was distin- guished for his coolness and courage in the midst of danger and in the performance of arduous duties, especially after the Peiho engagement in 1859, when, after exposure in three different gunboats during the day, he remained throughout the night attending to the sick and wounded with a perseverance and fortitude under great difficulties which could hardly be excelled. In Maj r , 1862, he was commissioned to the Racehorse, and sailed in August for Japan, where he arrived in time to take part in the engagement against the forts at Kagosima. The Racehorse had not been engaged in any action since, and was on her way from Shanghai to Cheftoo Cape when the melancholy accident occurred which caused the death of so many brave men. Mr. Fawcett's death was lamented by all who knew him, as he was not only a good officer and a skilful surgeon, but a good Christian and gentleman. — See the Leeds Papers, &c. 1804-1864. HENRY SMITH, ESQ., Artist, of Leeds, died at his residence in Brunswick Street, on Monday evening, November 21st, 1864, in the sixtieth year of his age. Mr. Henry Smith was well known as an able portrait- painter. He began his art-studies with the late Joseph Rhodes, the instructor of W. Robinson, F. Topham, Cromek, and the late John N. Rhodes, as well as other local celebrities. On JOHX FOWLER, ESQ. 525 his removal to London he first commenced the study of the antique in the British Museum; and his works there soon gained him admission to the life-school of the Royal Acad< i in which institution he acquired great power and skill as a draughtsman, as well as a rich and glowing colourist of the human figure. He prosecuted his studies also at Rome, Florence, and other continental cities; and in Rome, where his ability was understood and appreciated, he was hailed by the artists there as "Yorkshire Smith." After his return from Rome, Mr. Smith was much employed in his profession, both in London and the provinces. His kindliness of heart and good- ness of disposition endeared him to a large circle of friends, by whom his loss will be long and sincerely lamented. — See the Leeds Intelligencer, &c. This Sketch has been kindly revised. 1826-1864. JOHN FOWLER, ESQ. In all parts of England, among manufacturers no less than among agriculturists, the announcement of the death of Mr. John Fowler, of Leeds, whose mechanical genius in the invention and construction of the steam-plough has given his name a world- wide celebrity, was heard with the deepest regret. The rapid progress of agriculture in its scientific, and what may be called its mechanical, branches, had few warmer friends, and no more ardent and successful helper, than Mr. Fowler. He was com paratively a young man, having died at the age of thirty-i ight, and was only just entering on manhood when the repeal of the corn-laws threw the agriculturists of this country on their own resources, and obliged them to look out for improvements of every kind in the mode in which they carried on their work. His powerful mind, like that of many other aide men, was turned to the great national want. America had already made some progress in several branches of farming machinery, and Europe was leaving us behind in the mechanical knowledge with- out which no person can hope to keep up with the times in the production of crops. England, however, made a greal Btart. I [ad Mr. Fowler not appeared, the Howards of IVdldnl, and several other agricultural implement makers, would have shared the glory of introducing splendid and a] i rivalled improvements in the manufacture of this class of tools. It would be beyond the * There were especially many competitoi foi the honour of I ithe world a really perfect steam-plough, which, pli ' and most o - iy of agricultural imp! ments, i on ■' < Uwl to tdmil o( improvement, and one of the most difficult to brir 526 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. purpose of this obituary notice if we were to enter into any details as to the mode in which Mr. Fowler, and his various able and formidable competitors, tried to meet the mechanical difficulties which stood in the way of any perfect construction of this complicated machine. Suffice it to say here that Mr. Fowler from the first bid fair to distance all competitors. But the race was not to be won in a single year. His own machine, although it received the highest prize, was not by any means perfect, and his competitors were men whose rivalry no one could afford to despise. Year after year each produced some improvement on his former system, so that probably the first machine of one year might, if not considerably altered, have been the last of the year following. Mr. Fowler, however, never lost his lead, and each year saw him gaining something further on those who were striving to outstrip him in the excellence of their work. For a series of years his magnificent machine was rather the wonder of the curious than the desire of the prac- tical agriculturist.* But against these prejudices, against the caution of the prudent, the blindness of the ignorant, and the rivalry of able competitors, Mr. Fowler fought with a brave determination which secured his final triumph. In Europe and America, no less than in our own country, he stood forth as the champion of his own inventions, and overthrew in fair fight condition. In the ordinary ploughs almost every agricultural implement maker produced some improvement. The frames were made at once lighter and stronger ; the quality and shape of the shares were altered so as hetter to adapt them to their purpose. But something more than this — a plough which could work economically and successfully by steam-power— was imperatively demanded by the more sanguine and advanced class of agricultural reformers. Many schemes were set on foot for this purpose. Some machines, such as Romaine's digger, were made to move like locomotives over the soil, scattering and prdverizing the earth in all directions, with powerful spades attached to a revolving drum which worked at the back of the machine. The more general idea, however, was that which in the end has proved the most successful, and is now adopted by all who seek to urge their various improvements in this branch of steam cultivation. It was to make the engine stationary, and to move the plough up and down the field by means of ropes attached to a drum. This general principle was common to Howard, Fowler, and all other com- petitors ; but in the construction of the plough, the arrangement of the rope, the shape of the anchors, and the mode of winding the rope on and off the drum, the varieties were almost infinite. * It was impossible, indeed, to see it tearing its way through the soil with the same calm steady motion with which a ship ploughs up the waves of the ocean, tossing the earth, like water, in ridges from its prow, without being struck with admiration both of its beauty and its power. Equally impossible was it to see the admirable arrangement of the anchors which guided its direction, and of the powerful engine by which it was moved, without rejoicing in ths wealth of mechanical ingenuity and beautiful adaptation which every part of the contrivance seemed to indicate. But the price of such an implement was necessarily large, and the economical advantages had JOHN FOWLER, ESQ. 527 every competitor who took the field against him. By successive steps he brought it nearer and nearer to perfection, and at length it seemed to have reached its highest point. All practical diffi- culties had been overcome. Its incontestable superiority over all rivals had been established. More than all, its excellence was beginning to break down the scepticism and prejudices of the farmer, and tbe appreciation in which it was held by the great agriculturists was manifesting itself in the way at* once most practical and most pleasing to an inventor, whose strength had hitherto been devoted to the perfecting of his discoveries with only partial and honorary rewards. A noble prospect of fame and fortune seemed to be opening before the deep thinking and patient inventor, and it appeared as if he were about to reap the rich harvest for which he had so diligently sown and so faithfully laboured. But it was not to be. The great mental strain to which Mr. Fowler had been subjected had gradually told upon his health. His brain and nervous system were wrought into a state of undue activity, and his medical men advised much active out-door exercise as the best cure. He accordingly left Leeds, and went to reside at Ackworth, whence he rode to this town, a distance of more than twelve miles, nearly every day. This, however, was not sufficient, and his medical men advised him to take still more active exercise, especially in the hunting field. It was accordingly to this sport that he now devoted his spare time and energies. Three weeks before his death he was riding in the chase, when lie received a severe compound fracture of the arm by a fall from his horse. The nature of the injuries was such as to cause some anxi and the best medical advice was obtained. For a time all seemed to be going on well, and by the Thursday preceding Lis death all apparent cause for anxiety had departed, and the fears <>f his friends were almost entirely dissipated. On that day, how* new and fatal symptoms made their appearance, and at o'clock on Sunday evening he died, December 1th, 1SGI. Il< to be very fully proved before the cautious BrU expend so heavy a sum achine wl ndid failure. Nor were the prejudices which bo "i either few or easily overcome. In one 'list rid assured an inquirer that the number of I engine would have plouj hedi i - Id u Further inquiry on the single horse, which had tope of the day, an description of Fowler'. for July 6th, Oth, am 1 " 64, with di •>28 BIOGP.APHIA LEODIENSI8. was a man of great mechanical and inventive genius, of indomitable perseverance, and of frank, generous, and lovable nature. His loss was regretted no less by the large circle of his friends on account of his private worth, than by the general public on account of his great services as an inventor. The value of his mechanical triumphs will not, perhaps, be fully appreciated for years after his untimely death. But if not fully appreciated, they are at least widely known. In the granary of the Eoman world his machines ai-e to be found performing their herculean task, turning up the soil which, from the days of the Pharaohs till now, the Nile has washed down from its hidden sources to fertilize the country of the pyramids and the sphinxes. In Hungary, Mr. Smallbones, the enterprising agriculturist who manages Prince Esterhazy's vast domains, employs several of his largest ploughs, and other large proprietors in that country have, we believe, also imported them. But their general use in this country is only just beginning. They will, probably, before many years as completely supersede the ordinary hand-plough as the power-loom is superseding the hand-loom, or the combing machine the process of hand-combing. But the reward will go to other hands and will gladden other hearts — for his, who toiled so bravely and skilfully to win it, beats no more. Mr. Fowler married a daughter of Joseph Pease, Esq., formerly member for the county of Durham, whom he leaves, together with five young children, to mourn his loss. His great manu- facturing works at Hunslet, originally begun in conjunction with Mr. Kitson and the late Mr. Hewitson, are carried on by his partners. — Chiefly from the Leeds Mercury for December 7th, 1864. See the other Leeds Papers, and also the Gentle- mans Magazine, &c. —1865. ADMIEAL HEXEY MEYNELL, Second son of the late Hugo Meynell and the Hon. Elizabeth Ingram, second daughter and co-heiress of Charles, ninth and last Viscount Irwin (for a Sketch of whom, see pages 178 and 179, with Notes), and only surviving brother of Hugo Charles Meynell Ingram, Esq., of Temple Newsam, Yorkshire, and Hoar Cross, Staffordshire ; and also of Mrs. William Beckett, of Kirkstall Grange, near Leeds, died March 24th, 18G5, at Paris, whither the Admiral had been summoned at the early part of the whiter on account of the illness of his sister, Mrs. Waymouth, who died a few days before him. The gallant admiral's early life was passed in the active duties of his pro- ADMIRAL HEXRY MEYXELL. fession, his career having commenced some time before the i of the French war.* During the captivity of Napoleon at St. Helena, he was flag-captain to Sir P. Malcolm, the admiral on the station, and attracted the attention of the French Emperor by his refined manners and gentlemanly bearing, joined with the frankness and openness of the sailor. Some years after- wards Captain Meynell entered into parliament, and was returned on the Conservative interest for Lisburn. When Sir Robert Peel took office in 1841 he was made a Groom of the Bedchainbei', and in that capacity was able to render some important services with respect to the department in the Royal household that came under his observation, which services were duly appreciated by her Majesty and the late Prince Consort. In 1845 Captain Meynell had an opportunity of showing the independence of his character, by refusing to vote for the May nooth Endowment Bill, of which he disapproved. His office was, we believe, placed at the disposal of the Premier, but Sir Robert Peel, to his credit, magnanimously refused to punish a faithful public servant for voting according to his consci> At the dissolution, in 1847, Captain Meynell retired from par- liament, and since then has lived a quiet, unobtrusive life, amidst a wide circle of admiring friends and relatives, by whom his loss is deeply lamented. Those who have ever had the good fortune to be in his company will have recognized and admired the high breeding of the finished gentleman, the frank- ness of the sailor, united to the kindness and simplicity of manner that denote the amiable Christian man. It is well known to many, both in this neighbourhood and elsewhere, with what liberality his purse was opened at all times to claims of Christian charity, especially with regard to institutions con- * He entered the navy in June, 1803, and was actively employed during his first seven years in the service in the Mediterranean and home Btations, and afterwards sailed as lieutenant of the Thebcm, with ■' convoy, for tin Indies and China. He was appointed acting comuian I ogant, at Bombay, in 1813; and in August, the same year, promoted to be commando) of the Cornwallis. He subsequently (in 1815) became acting captain of the Newcastle, bearing the flag of Sh Helena. He had not been afloat since September, 1817. The late Admiral Meynell, bis return to England, was, in the spring of 1820, appointed gentleman-ushei to George IV., which office he held until the I i the same post for a short time in the household <»f William IV.. and for -, up to April, 1845, was one of thi Ln-waiting t" her pn Majesty. The ha.- admiral, for more t] borough of Lisburn in tin Hi. use ■■! | until 1847. Hi-, commissions bore d dlows: i 9th, lso'j; commander, Lugust 24th, 1813; <■ April admiral (reserve), April L"Jth, 1851; rice-admiral, duly 9th, L867 . and admiral, October 4th, 1 1. L 530 BIOGKAPHIA LEODIENSIS. nected with Lis own profession. He was sincerely attached to the Church of England, and was very liberal in his donations for church building and church restoration, in which he showed great taste. The inhabitants of the neighbouring parish of Whitkirk have reason to remember with thankfulness the munificence which he displayed in contributing to the restora- tion of their church, as well as the readiness which he always showed to assist in promoting the spiritual and educational con- dition of the parish. — Chiefly from the Leeds Intelligencer ; see also the Leech Mercury ; the London Papers, &c. CONCLUSION. We have now given Biographical Sketches, as complete as the nature and limits of our work would allow, of the most cele- brated men born and living in Leeds, and neighbourhood, from the Norman conquest to the present time. Let us, in contemplating their characters, learn to imitate all that was excellent in them, and avoid all that may be deemed blamable. Let us, from these examples, learn to turn the fidl force of whatever talents or favouring circumstances we may be blessed with, to some good and honourable object. It has been said, that any man may be whatever he wishes to become : it is certain that we may all be useful to society in some way if we endeavour to be so; and let us constantly bear in mind, that in proportion as we minister to the happiness of others, we take the most effectual means to augment our own.* 1 . * He must, indeed, be an inveterate laudator temporis acti, who, in our days, confines himself to the veneration due to the illustrious dead, and is insensible to the existing claims to his admiration and respect, whether in aims, in arts, in letters, in science, or in all the benevolent and dignified qualities of human nature, which manifest themselves on every side, in cheering and honourable variety. One of the most beneficial tendencies of uccrologicat reading is, to teach us, while we lament that of which we have been deprived, to value that which we retain ; and not churlishly to withhold the expression of our applause and gratitude, until those, to whom the approbation of their contemporaries might yield a generous and well-deserved gratification, have become tenants of that cold and narrow dwelling, into which the voice of human praise or censure can never penetrate. The original number of pages fixed upon were 512, but finding that much interesting information of later date would have to lie omitted, it was at last decided to print thirty-two extra pages, which will account, to a certain extent, for the delay in publication. In addition to Alphabetical and Chronological Lists, it was also intended, had space allowed, to have given Professional Lists ; and, also, at the end of the Appendix, a list of the Centenarians of Leeds and neighbourhood. R. V. T. APPENDIX. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 7'ape. Line 44 38 After England add— Allied of Rievaulx, in the preface to his Life, of Edward the Confessor, says: — " By recording the lives and a of the good, those who come after them have eno it to imitate their virtues; and nothing more inciteth the mind <>f man to an emulation of others than to hear the report of their noble achievements. It is a fair step towards happiness and virtue to delight in the company and conversation of good men ; and where these cannot he had, it is better to keep no company at all." " Pitch thy behaviour low, thy projects high, So shalt thou humble and magnanimous be ; Sink not in spirit ; who aimeth at the sky Shoots higher much than he that means a tree." « ■ BO. i.'i i: BED i In point of biography, according to Dr. Whitaker, in his Lo and Elmete, the precincts of Leeds, while they can scarcely be said to have produced a genius in any way of the highest order, have given birth, education, or residence to many learned and excellent men of inferior rank, who were blessings to their own times and examples to ours. It is always interesting to read the lircs of men distinguished in any of the walks of life; but our interest becomes deeper when they are individuals who have lived in places well known to ourselves, and been natives of the same village, town, or district in which w< selves first drew our breath. •">;> 14 After 1186 > Leodiensis, p. 195; Whitaker's Loidis, p. 240; Walpole's J'< p. 851; Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. ii., p. 584; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 232; Thoresby's Diary, vol. ii.. p. 60, &c., &c. 78 31 After see add — Wood's Athena Oxonienscs, p. 395, and Bliss's New Edition, vol. ii., p. 153. 79 12 After Lord Savile add— Who died Aug. 31st, 1630, aged 74 years. 81 17 After see add — Wood's Athena Oxonienses, p. 575, and Bliss's Edition, vol. ii. , p. 535. 81 38 After Edward Fairfax add — Who is said to have lived for some time in Kirkgate, Leeds. 83 27 After Englishmen adrf^Coleridge's Yorkshire Worthies, p. 175, note ; Chambers's Cyclopccdia of English Literature, vol. i.. p. L03. 85 - After antiquity, end of first note, add — For many additi particulars of Sir Ralph, Lord Hopton, see Warburton's 11 the Cavaliers, vol. ii. ; Burke's Extinct Peerage, &c. And for a fine portrait of Lord Hopton, born in 1598, by Vandyke (1652), from the original in the collection of the Bight Hon. the Earl of Egremont, at Petworth, see Lodge's Portraits of Illustrious Personages, vol. v., p. 25, &c. 86 - After death, end of note, add — For a more lengthened account of Bp. Hopton, see Wood's Athena O. 689, and Dr. Bliss's Edition; Cooper's Athenee Cantab., vol. i., p. 186; Thoresby's Duca- tius, p. 187; Whitaker's Loidis, p. 360, &c. 88 37 After biography «awson, by Vandyke, which are now in the possession of his BOD, Edward Robert Baynes, Esq., of Church Street ny. 107 23 After Yorkshire • add — Eastmead's History of Kirby Appendix. Ill 8 Note. After 1661 add The late old church, at Bolbeck, was built at the instauce of the Rev. John Nalson, \.M., the pious minister there, when his learned son, Dr. John Nalson, the historian, born, who, as appears by the parish register, was baptized A 2nd, 1637. Hi; mother was Sarah, daughter of Thos. Sharp The Rev. Joh i, LL. D., ctions (" tial i name, ami of several publications in favour of < Ihuroh and state, was rector of Doddington, in the [sle of Ely, where lie married ... He was collated ' ; the Cathedral of Ely in L684, and died M irch 24th, L6 .. ee Bentham's Ely, p, 262. Foi l> ttei - from sir Roger L'Est] ! fchi !■ e. John Laughton, Bl L, to the Rev. Dr. Nalson, see Nicl 534 BIOGRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Page. Line. pp. 68, 81; and p. 865 for a copy of his son's epitaph, in Latin (the Eev. Valentine Nalson, M.A. ), at St. Martin's, Coney Street, York, where he died in 1722, aged forty years. See also James's History of Bradford, p. 428, &c. 116 13 After Leeds add— Darling's Cyclopeedia Bibliographica, vol. ii., p. 1,757, &c. 120 21 After years insert— (About 1649). 121 8 After by him add — He was a successful editor of Schrcvelius's Greek Lexicon; and he also wrote the "Zealander's Choice," and a "Disser- tation Concerning the Antiquity of Temples; wherein is shown that there were none before the Tabernacle, erected by Moses in the wilderness : from histories, sacred and profane," 4to., London, 1696.- See Thoresby's Due. Leod., p. 175; Darling's Cyc. Bib., vol. i., 1483. 121 11 After Wilson's insert — Historical. 121 - 1st Note. After Peregrine insert— W\io. 122 24 After Lodge add— See also Note, p. 374. 127 42 After age add, as Note — Lines on the death of the Rev. John Killingbeck, B.D., vicar of Leeds, by one of the patrons of the Leeds parish church, 1839 : — "True to the charge committed to his trust, To mankind faithful, to his Master just : God and religion did his hours employ, Goodness his choice, and charity his joy ! Cheerful thro' life, in every healthy scene — In sickness patient, and in death serene ; Translated hence, of man and God approv'd, He lives and triumphs in the world he lov'd." From Furbajjk's Votive Offerings, p. 167. 136 37 Under 1729 add, as a Note — Mrs. Mary Potter, who bequeathed £2,000 for the erection and endowment of the almshouses, near St. John's church, Leeds, died May 31st, 1729. Pursuant to her will, they were built in 1738, and have quite recently been rebuilt. 14:! 23 After Wm, Congreve Esq., insert — Nichols's Literary Anecdote* (Index); Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universed Biography. See also the poem to the memory of Congreve, by James Thomson, edited by Cunningham, 1843. 150 18 After Leeds add — See also Note, p. 307. 158 11 After Gloucester add — For a portrait of the Rev. Dr. Bentley, see the European Magazine, vol. Ixiii., p. Ill; and also the Gentleman's Meigazinc for September, 1830, from a painting by Sir J. Thomhill. 158 14 After Biography «e-->, "to descant largely on the extended information and delight which we derive from the multiplication of portraits by engraving, or on the more important advantages resulting from the study of biography. Sepa- rately considered, the one affords an amusement not less innocent than elegant, inculcates the rudiments, or aids the progress o and rescues from the hand of time the perishable monuments raised by the pencil The other, while it is, perhaps, the most agreeable branch of historical literature, is certainly the most useful in its moral effects; stating the known circumstances, and endear ouring to unfold the secret motives of human conduct ; selecting all that is worthy of being recorded; bestowing its lasting encomiums and chastisements ; it at once informs and invigorates the mind, and warms and mends the heart. It is, however, from the combination of portraits and biography that we reap the utmost degree of utility and pleasure which can be derived from them; as, in contemplating the portrait of an eminent person, we long to be instructed in ! history, so in considering his actions we are anxious to behold his countenance. So earnest is this desire, that the imagination is generally ready to coin a set of features, or to conceive a character, to supply the painful absence of one or the other." Sir Walter Scott said: — "It is impossible for me to conceive a work which ought to be more interesting to the present age than that which exhibits before our eyes our 'fathers as they lived,' accompanied with such memorials of their lives and characters as enable us to compare their persons and countenances with their sentiments and actions." 10 After Leeds add — For additional information, see also Note, p. 4 17. 191 34 After injudicious add — For a portrait, &c, of Dr. Berkenhout, see the European Mag. cine for September, 1788. 191 .".d After Biography insert — Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of V( ,-■ 'i Biography. 200 7 After Whitkirk add — For a portrait, &c, Magazine for November, 1792; Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography. 200 - Add to John Lee, Esq., M.P. — This justly celebrated counsellor; well known at the bar by the name of Hont st Jack L^r, was ap] < Solicitor-General to the king, first, upon Mr. Mansfield's promotion in 1782; and, secondly, upon Sir Richard Arden's removal in I In the latter year he was appointed Attorney-General, upon the death of Mr. Wallace. At the time of his death he was Attorney- General of the county palatine of Lancaster. He left a widow and a daughter to lament his loss; and several relations at Leeds, in Yorkshire. His memory is thus preserved in Staindrop church, Durham:— "Near this place are deposited th is oi John Lee, Esquire, one of his Majesty's counsel-at-hw : Attorney-Genera] Eoi the county palatine of Lancaster, and Home time for this county also. and member of parliament for Bigham Ferrers. He died on the fifth day of August, 1793, in the sixty-first year of his age, af attained, by means equally honourable to his abilitii a and | an eminent rank in } 1 1 - profes ion, and U ''led the o of Solicitor and Attorney-Gi bisMajesty. During the course of an active and useful life, lie v. d Qguished for a natural [uence singula] Lya disputation; an iud zeal in promoting, as an advi I of individuals; and a warm, invariable attachment to bhe laws and con titution «( his couni ry. Free from all religious 1 d, both in his public and private conduct, a firm belief in the < Ibri tian Revelation ; and uniformly a< ted on the persuasion, that an precepts is its best support, kb Dtcheerfulne i of disposition, o36 BIOGRAl'HIA LEODIENSIS. Page. Line. united with a peculiar pleasantry in conversation, procured him the esteem of numerous friends, whom no change of fortune could induce him to neglect. And by the practice of every social virtue, as well as a steady exertion of his uncommon talents in support of justice and rational liberty, he acquired an indisputable claim to the remem- brance of all who admire superior parts, or respect integrity of character." — See Nichols's Literary Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 832, &c. ; " The Bar, with Sketches of Eminent Judges, Barristers, &c. ; a poem, with notes," published at Leeds in 1825 ; p. 114. 208 10 Under 1798 insert, as a Note — J. Tmon published a volume in 1790, under the title of "The Poetical Works of J. Tyson, Gram- marian and Mathematician, Leeds;" with a dedication to the Rev. R. Scott, M.A., of Kirby-Ravensworth, from "Boar Lane, Leeds." There is a paraphrastic translation by him of Metastasio's Hymn to Venus, in the Gentleman's Magazine, kc. — John Edwards, an esti- mable man, and a pleasing poet, was born in the Moravian com- munity, at Fulneck, near Leeds, December 5th, 1772, which place he left about 1790, and went to Derby. His first publication was "All Saints' Church," a blank verse composition, in 1805 ; his next, " The Tour of the Dove, or a visit to Dovedale," published in 1821. Smaller pieces appeared from his pen afterwards, as "Recollections of Filey," &c. — See the Poets of Yorkshire, &c. 210 2 For Newcome read — Occasionally, and more appropriately, spelt Newcombe. 212 - End of Note. After works add — See also a "Sermon preached at York, December 31st, 1800, on occasion of the death of the Rev. N. Cappe, with memoir of his life, by the Rev. W. Wood, of Leeds. " 226 9 After Hall add — For a portrait, &c. , of Dr. Priestley, see also the European Magazine for Aug., 1791 ; Mackenzie's Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography. After portrait add — Public Characters for 1799, vol. i. Note. After 202, &c, add— For a short account of WUl Walker, Esq., of Killingbeck Hall, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for April, 1817.— George Walker, Esq., of the same place, artist and author of the "Costumes of Yorkshire," &c, died about 1855-6. Note. After lieutenant add— For a short account of whom, see the Leeds Intelligencer, &c, for February 2nd, 1861. After 1750 add— Brother of the Rev. Henry Jowett, and son of Mr. Henry Jowett, of Leeds; the celebrated Professor Jowett's son, Mr. John Jowett, married a sister of Mr. Wm. Hey, F.R.S. 259 18 After Sotheby add— We understand that Mrs. Cookson, of Headingley, relict of the late Rev. F. T. Cookson, vicar of St. John's, Leeds, possesses portraits of the Rev. Jos. Cookson, the Rev. Dr- Scott, and the Rev. Richard Fawcett, all Leeds Worthies. 268 29 After institution add— On the resignation of Mr. Billam. Francis Billam, Esq. (son of John Billam, Esq.), of Leeds, senior surgeon to the General Infirmary at Leeds, from its institution till his resignation, in 1773. He married Anne, daughter and co-heir of the Rev. John Jackson, rector of Rossington, county of York, and domestic chaplain to Queen Caroline, wife of George II. ; and by her had two sons and a daughter, viz.— John, his heir ; Francis Thomas, lieutenant in the 62nd regiment, died, unmarried,' February 10th, 1840; and Anne, who married Edward Kenion, Esq., of Knayton, county of York, and by her (who died in 1805), left an only daughter, Anne Billam, married to Charles Bissatt Walker, Esq. The eldest son, John Billam, Esq., of Wales, county of York, M.D., of Trinity College, Cambridge, married Mary, eldest daughter of George Baron, of Leeds, merchant, and by her (who died January 31st, 1827) left at his decease, December 29th, 1825, Francis, his heir; John Baron, married, September 20th, 1814, Maria, youngest daughter of Harper 226 238 23 16 240 2 247 17 APPENDIX. 537 l'ape. Line. Soulby, Esq., of Cliff e House, county of York, and has issue— John, Harper Soulby, Frank Baron; Maria, Dorothy, and Sarah Jane! Francis Billam, Esq., of Newall Hall, near Otlev, J. P., bora May 3rd, 1800; married, January 10th, 1818. Anne," relict of Thomas Wilkinson, Esq., of Winterbume, county of York, and only daughter and heiress of Thomas Clifton, Esq., of Newall and Clifton, and has issue (with one daughter, Mary Anne Wilkinson), Thomas Clifton Billam, Esq., J.P., of Yorkshire, married, September 20th, L842, Julia Jemima, second daughter of the Hon. Henry Butler, and has Thomas Clifton, born in 1844, and other issue. — See Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. 375 10 After M.P., &c, add— For additional particulars, see Note, p. 437. 275 - Mr. Matthew Talbot was a man of scrupulous conscientiousness, great learning, and unbounded perseverance. By trade he was a currier, but he retired from the business in consequence of the imposition of a new tax, which he regarded as unjust. He was afterwards secretary of the Leeds General Infirmary, which office he filled with rigid punctuality and care for thirty-three years, till his death : and it is characteristic of him that he died at the lutirmary, having persisted in going there when dangerously ill to attend to his duties, and the effort bringing on almost immediate death. There was in lus character and tastes a venerable simplicity. The Bible was his daily study. He was well versed in the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin languages, and he himself formed more than one translation of the entire Scriptures from the original tongues. He made ami pub- lished an "Analysis of tJie Holy Bible, containing the whole of the Old and New Testaments, collected and arranged systematically, whereby the dispersed rays of truth are concentrated, and every scriptural subject defined and fully exhibited." This was ;i work oi prodigious labour, and displayed much judgment. It illustrated a remark that once fell from him: "I can honour any draft drawn upon the bank of patience." He was admirer of Milton's Paradise Lost; and it was one of his herculean, self-imposed tasks, to commit the whole of that magnificent epic to memory. IJ i wrote a translation of the Scriptures in English verse, and illustrated it, ingeniously but quaintly, by devices of his own. The PUgrimCs Progress was one of his favourite books, lie was a devoted admire) of nature, and would walk many miles to witness from some hill-top the rising of the sun. He wrote respectable blank verse. His temper was not sociable, but he was very fond of children, and would unbend to join in their sports, and even to devise games for them. His spirit was as independent as his pel indomitable. He was indifferent to money, beyond the means of humble comfort. His religious views were ev: : ■'i>'\ so reso- lutely did he follow the dictates of bis CO that had he lived in the days of the Reformers or early Puritans, he would, in all probability, have become a marl 283 3 After magazine «/ Public Characters for 1800, voL ii 283 8 After 300 add. See also Christian Obaa erfoi L842, pp. 733, 791. 304 - End of Note add— Who presented, in September, 1864, I inhabitants of Barn ( handsome building erected bj him for a Dispensary, in addition to the building, he also gave the sum of £5,000 to be invested, theinter* towards nMmtaining the establish) 1 1 \ the Leeds \i ercury, &c, for Sept. 12th, 1864. 306 14 Note. Aft add— See the Illustrated London News toi April, 1847; the Gentleman's Magazine. 307 1 After friends add For a loi ption oi thi altai piece at St. George's church, Leeds, painted bj I Mr. < '■ «< Cope, now a v - n Royal Academician (which would bavi inserted had space allowed), ae< 1 538 B10GRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. Page. Line. 1840, and for February, 13th and 20th, 1841; the Literary Gazette ; the Art- Journal, &c. 321 21 After of Leeds add — For additional information, see a Funeral Sermon (entitled "The Cherished Remembrance of Departed "Worth " ) for E. S. George, Esq., by the Rev. Dr. Hamilton, Leeds, 1830. 33G 8 Note. After remembered add — " Dr. Hird, the biographer of Fothergill (says another writer), was a physician of great skill, and a man of exquisite taste." 350 7 After 1853 add — For a longer description of this memorial window, see the Leeds Intelligencer, kc, for April 2nd, 1853. 353 11 After pursued add — For further particulars, see a "Funeral Sermon for the Rev. Wm. Vint," preached at the Independent chapel, Idle, by the Rev. Dr. Hamilton, 1834. 359 3 After Samuel Fenton, Esq., add, as a Note — For a long account of the Fentons, a very old Leeds family (omitted for want of space), see Thoresby's Ducat us Lcodiensis ; Burke's Landed Gentry, &c. 362 43 For now vicar read — Late vicar, kc ; and add, Now vicar of St. Paul's, Bedford. 363 - Last line, after transactions, add — And also a work on the Civiliza- tion of India, &c. — See James's History of Bradford, p. 429, &c. 367 - After end of second Note add — For a note on Heald's Brunoniad, see " The Bar, with Sketches of Eminent Judges, Barristers," &c, p. 63. 374 33 After 1859 add— For portraits, &c, of the late Duke of Leeds, see the Illustrated London News for December 16th, 1854, and for July 14th and 21st, 1859, pages 478, 485, &c. 385 - Note, 14th line. After F. C. Trench, Esq., add — Late captain in the 66th Foot. 15th line — For, on his marriage, read — After the birth of his son. 16th line. Fur Colonel read — Late honorary- colonel of the Leeds Engineers ; now lieutenant-colonel in the Leeds Volunteer Artillery. 16th line. For now high-sheriff, read — Late High Sheriff, &c. 390 14 After profession add — A monument was afterwards erected to his memory in St. George's church, Leeds. 402 20 After 1841 add— In the year 1843 he carried through parliament an act which, though since repealed in favour of a more extended measure, first gave to scientific societies exemption from the payment of local rates. 402 27 After Leeds add — By Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Joshua Rayner, Esq., of Leeds, merchant, and eventually co-heir (with her sister, Sarah, the wife of William Smithson, Esq., of Heath), of their brother, Milner Rayner, Esq. 402 - After first Note insert— William Smithson, Esq., lieutenant-colonel commandant of the two regiments of Leeds local militia, and formerly an alderman of this borough, died at Harrogate on Thursday, the 19th of August, 1830, in his eighty-first year. Previous to his death he retired to Heath, near Wakefield, where the circumstances of the times called for the exertion of his services in different grades of the militia, in which he acquitted himself honourably, and was sincerely esteemed and regretted by his friends.— See the Leeds Intelligencer, kc, for August, 1830. Colonel William Smithson (successor to Colonel Thomas Lloyd) was during many years a leading merchant in Leeds, in partnership with his brother-in-law, Milner Rayner. Esq. He afterwards resided at Ledstone Park, near Ferrybridge. Colonel Smithson's only daughter, and heiress, married Thomas Burough, Esq., barrister-at-law, of Hulland Hall, Derbyshire, whose son, John Charles Burton Burough, Esq. (bom in 1810; married in 1848, and has a son, John Sidney, born in 1852, &c), of Chetwynd Park, Newport, Shropshire, magistrate and deputy-lieutenant for that county, and high-sheriff of Shropshire in 1844, is the present 424 126 •24 15 430 3 444 444 6 12 444 445 447 447 23 14 17 APPENDIX. 539 Page. Line. representative of Colonel Smithson, and was until recently the owner of considerable property in Leeds. — See Burke's J. 402 - After third Note add — At the same election Mr, G. W. food's partner, Mr. Mark Philips, was returned at the head of the poll for the town of Manchester, which he continued to represent for twelve years. George William Wood's sister, Louisa Ann, was married, in November, 1823, to the Eev. Samuel Crawford, and had surviving issue two sons — William Crawford, Esq. , barrister-at-law, who married a daughter of William Blanshard, Esq.. barrister-at-law, late of Leeds; and Alexander Crawford, Esq., architect; and also a daughter, Jane. 409 14 After ground add — His portrait is one of those included in the well-known " Centenary Picture." After see add — The Illustrated London News for June, 1847. After York add — His fourth son is James Montagu, Esq., of Ingmanthorpe, near Wetherby, and Nomianton, in Rutland. After 1833 add — He also published an "Appeal to the Religious Community," Is., 8vo., 1838. For two, read four. For, From 1811 to 1813 he served, read — He served for upwards of four years. After 1813 add— C.B. in June, 1815. For Tregonell read Tregonwell. After barrister-at-law add— Only son of John Hill, Esq. (see Note). Second Note. First line, dele Hepworth. Second line, after died add — At the age of eighty-nine. Seventh Line, after Major add — He afterwards became lieutenant-colonel. The following are the dates of his various commissions : — Second-lieutenant of the Leeds corps of Volunteers, Dec. 26th, 1794 ; Captain, Leeds Volunteer Infantry, Sept. 7th, 1803; Major, ditto, April 17th, 1807; Major of the 2nd Battalion of the Leeds local Militia, Sept. 24th, 1808 ; Lieut. - Colonel of the 2nd Regiment Leeds local Militia, June 18th, 1810. He was also one of the twent3'-four patrons of the parish church of St. Peter's, whose coats-of-arms are in the west window . 1 Third Note. For Busfield read — Busfeild 'as the name is now spelt). William Busfeild, Esq., M.P., who died in 1851, was tin- elder brother of the Rev. Johnson Atkinson Busfeild, D.D., who died in 1849, and of Currer Fothergill Busfeild, Esq., whose son is the present William Busfeild Ferrand, Esq., M.l'. of St. [ves, near Bingley, &c. 450 4 Fourth Note, after sermons, &c, add — Also Exposition of 3 vols., and Exposition of the Acts, 3 vols. 455 7 After charity add— In consideration of the ahl • I .don- manner in which he had discharged his duties. 455 20 For in the church read—In holy orders; and liter, read two daughters, one of whom is, 455 21 After M.A. add— Late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and formerly of the Grammar School, I. ■ 45."i 24 For some additional information respecting the Rev. Dr. ffoh and also the Rev. Thomas Nunns, M.A., late incumbent of Bolj Trinity church, Leeds, see the /.<4s. R. C, Leeds. INDEX; OE, ALPHABETICAL LIST OF LEEDS WORTHIES. Note. — It should be observed that the Sketches of those Worthies whose names are printed in Italics will be found in the Notes. PAGE Adam, Rev. Thomas, B.A 183 Arthington, C, Esq., F.E.S., <£r. 163, 295 Atkinson, F. R., Esq 474 John, Esq., F.L.S. .. 311 ,, John, Esq 456 „ Joseph Robert, Esq. . . 454 Rev. Miles, B.A 242 Baines, Edward, Esq., M. P. .. 435 „ Rt. Hon. M. T, M.P 4S2 Baron, Rev. Richard 170 Baynes, Adam, Esq., M.P 103 Rt. Rev. Ralph, D.D. .. 201 Beckett, Christopher, Esq 418 „ Sir John, 1st Bart 304 Rt. Hon. Sir.J.,M.P.,F.R.S. 422 William, Esq., M.P. .. 506 Bell, Rev. Samuel, M.A., Ph.D. .. 49S Bentley, Rev. Richard, D.D 152 Berkenhout, John, Esq., M.D. .. 187 Billam, Francis, Esq 536 Bin ns, Mr. John 436 BirchalL Samuel, Esq 253 Bischoff, James, Esq 409 Bland, Thomas Davison, Esq. . . 407 Blenkinsop, Mr. John 327 Boteler, William F., Esq., Q.C. .. 411 Bousfield, Charles, Esq., 511 Bower, Joshua, Esq 455 Boyse, Rev. Joseph 135 Brandling, Chas. John, Esq., M.P. 302 Bridges, George, Esq., M.P 380 „ Mr. Thomas 14:5 Brooke, Rev. Samuel, M.A., LL.D. .. 202 Brown, William Williams, Esq. . . 401 Brovme, Wade, Esq., M. A 450 Burlend, Mr. Edward 471 Burnett, John, Esq 199 Burrow, Mr. Reuben 187 Burton, Rev. Henry, B.D. Bits/, ;i,i, William, Esq., M.P. Butterworth, Mr. William .. PAGE 87 .. 450 353 Calyebley, Sir Hugh 65 „ Sir Walter, Bart. .. 160 „ John, Esq., Ai;\i.i.Y, Hi shy, Lord 74 Davison, Robert, l.«i, M.I) 237 Dawson, Mr. William 384 De Courcy. Richard unt, Maurice ,, Robert De Leedes, Paulinus 58 Denison, John, Esq., &t 280 Jo 228 M Eon. J.E SirTnomae L69 William, Esq 180 William J . r . u P • Dixon /.' v. Thomas, LL.B 424 542 B10CRAPHIA LEODIENSIS. TAGE Edgar, Charles Frederick, Esq. 342 Elley, Lieutenant-General Sir John 375 Ellis, Thomas Flower, Esq., M.A. .. 490 Ely, Rev. John 420 Entwisle, John, Esq., M.P 370 Evre, Rev. William, B.D 73 Fairbairn*, Sir Peter 491 Fairfax, Edward, Esq 81 „ Rev. Guy, 499 • • we] . Ralph 47 William PAGE Parsons, Rev. Edward . . . . . . 348 Passelew, Rev. Robert 69 Pease, Thomas B., Esq 416 I'l int. Mr. Thomas 471 ,, Thomas Edward, Esq 497 Potter, Sir Thomas 417 Predham, Lieutenant Samuel . . 217 Priestley, Rev. Joseph. LL.D , F.R.S. 217 Rawden, Sir George, Bart 112 Reade, T. S. B., Esq 383 Rhodes, John X., Esq 3J|5 „ Mr. Joseph 456 William B., Esq 302 Robinson, Rev. Henry, B.D ino ,, Rev. Henry, M.A. .. 144 ,, William, Esq., 387 Ryley, Mr. John 262 Sadler, M. T., Esq.. M.P., F.R.S. 354 Saville, Rt. Hon. Sir John . . . . 7S ,, Henry, Lord, tfcc 177 Saxton, Christopher 7(3, 532 ,, Rev. Peter, M.A 88 Scales, Rev. Thomas 488 Scatcherd, N. C, Esq., F.S.A 453 Scholey, Alderman < reorge . . . . 376 Schroeder, Mr. Henry 453 Sehwanfelder, C. H., Esq 3S9 Scott, Rev. James, M.A 11.",. 254 „ Rev. James, D.D -254 Shaehleton, Mr. Jonathan 416 Shaw, John Hope, Esq 520 Sheepshanks, John, Esq 514 Rev. i:., M.A., F.R.S. 457 Rev. William. M.A. 239 (York), Whitiell, Esq. 239 Sisson, Rev. Thomas, M.A 372 Smales, Mr. Thomas 275 Smeaton, John, Esq., F.R.S 191 Smith, Henry, Esq 524 William, Esq., J.P 449 William Lyndon, Lsq. . . 540 Smithson, Colon* ' Wilh an .. .. 538 Spencer, Captain Henry 203 Stan /- Id, /»"'••' '. Esq., ., Esq , M.A., M P.. F.R.S. 3:j7 TaXBOT, Mr. M \THii'.v\ ,. .. 27' 1 ■■:•, Jo eph, E 'i v. ale, E hoard John, E 9 459 Tennant, Tin •mas, Esq 349 544 BIOORAPHIA LEODIENSIS. PAOE Tliackrah, Charles Turner, Esq. . . 344 Tliompson, Mr. T. B 471 Thoresby, Ralph, Esq., F.R.S 128 Thorp, Robert W. D., Esq., M.D. 448 Titley, Anthony, Esq 417 Todd, Rev. Robert, M. A 98 Tottie, Thomas William, Esq 486 Trevelyan, Sir John, Bart 307 Turner, Alexander, Esq 263 Uppleby, J. url SEP 17 1911 H Af FEB 1 8 ju AfW MAR 2 4 * 2 3 1988 i JAN 15 a,3 WJflft s « DATt m L9 — 15m-10,'48(Bl039)444 *mmm^^> ^ rv /\J A UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000 395 656 2 3 1158 00332 9553 \ • v V