IRARY 
 
 tMirror 
 
 NO* tGO
 
 .
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY 
 
 ENGLISH GLOSSARY. 
 
 T. LEWIS 0. DAVIES, M.A., 
 
 VICAR OF S. MART EXTRA, SOUTHAMPTON; 
 AUTHOR OF "BIBLE ENGLISH." 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 GEOEGE BELL AND SONS, YORK STREET, 
 
 COVENT GABDEtf. 
 
 1881. 
 
 [All Eights reserved^]
 
 CLAY ANl> TAYLOK, PRINTERS.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 I HAVE been for some time in the habit of marking in an inter- 
 leaved copy of Halli well's Dictionary references to any of the words 
 noted therein that I may have come across in my reading. I found, 
 however, that even a Dictionary so copious as that had left many 
 terms unrecorded, and about four years ago the idea occurred to 
 me of compiling a Supplementary Glossary. 
 
 I determined then not to confine myself to archaic and provincial 
 words, which were what Mr. Halliwell undertook to register, but to 
 insert any expressions, whether old or modern, which were not in 
 the best existing Dictionaries. I chose four as those which I would 
 desire to supplement ; that is to say, I decided to exclude from my 
 book (subject to certain exceptions which I shall name immediately) 
 words that were in Richardson's, or HalliwelFs, or Latham's Dic- 
 tionaries, or in Nares's Glossary as edited by Halliwell and Wright. 
 I further resolved not to go back earlier than the 16th century for 
 my materials. 
 
 The exceptional circumstances under which I have thought it 
 expedient to insert words that were already in one or more of the 
 four works that I have mentioned are principally these : 
 
 1. When the word is given, but with no example. 
 
 2. When I could adduce a much earlier or later illustration than 
 any supplied in those other Dictionaries. See, e. g., cut = to ' run,' 
 ' crope/ ' fisc,' ' lope/ c officious/ ' partlet/ ' scry/ ' volve/ ( weeds,' 
 &c., &c. 
 
 3. When I have been able to furnish an extract, unnoticed by 
 previous lexicographers, which bears on the history of a word, show- 
 ing at about what time or under what circumstances it found its 
 way into the language. Thus Latham has the verb to ' storm ' (a 
 town) with quotations from Dryden and Pope ; Richardson only 
 cites the latter ; it seemed therefore well worth while to adduce a
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 passage from Howell in which he says that this expression, together 
 with ' plunder ' and the familiar use of " that once abominable word, 
 excise/' came in at the time of the Great Rebellion. Similar in- 
 stances will be found under * geography/ ' granadier/ ' huzza/ 
 ' loyalty/ ' ministry/ ' prudery,' ' yacht/ &c. 
 
 4. When I met with a quotation which marked some sense of a 
 word, differing from that now current, or from the meaning given in 
 the Dictionaries. Thus 'pelf is explained by both Richardson and 
 Latham as " money, riches/' and the former adds, " perhaps applied 
 originally to wealth or riches acquired by pilfering, by petty scrap- 
 ings, or hoardings." But Puttenham (Arte of Eng. Poesie, 1589) 
 tells us the particular kind of scraps that the word in the first place 
 meant : " Pelfe is properly the scrappes or shreds of taylors and 
 skinners." We may observe a similar connection between tailors' 
 odds and ends and pilfering in the word ' cabbage.' 
 
 Again, ' smart/ as applied to dress, is, among educated people at 
 all events, a modern usage. Richardson has no example of it, and 
 the earliest in Latham is from Dickens. But this would be only 
 negative evidence ; it is confirmed, however, by the following direct 
 testimony from The Gentleman Instructed, which was published very 
 early in the 18th century : 
 
 " ' Sirrah ! ' says the youngster, ' make me a smart wig, a smart 
 one, ye dog.' The fellow blest himself; he had heard of a smart 
 nag, a smart man, &c., but a smart wig was Chinese to the trades- 
 man. However, nothing would please his worship but smart shoes, 
 smart hats, and smart cravats : within two days he had a smart wig 
 with a smart price in the box. The truth is, he had been bred 
 up with the groom, and transplanted the stable- dialect into the 
 dressing-room." 
 
 I have, of course, been glad also to put down anything that 
 threw light, however little, on any passage in our best authors. 
 Thus under the words ' capon-justice,' * crants/ and ' equipage ' may 
 be found something bearing on certain expressions in Shakespeare. 
 I may take this opportunity of adding another illustration of the last 
 of these terms, which I met with after that sheet had been printed 
 off: " Master Watson . . . whose Amintas and translated Antigone 
 may march in equipage of honour with any of our ancient Poets." 
 (Nashe, Introduction to Greene's Menaphon, p. 14). 
 
 I have not meddled with etymology on my own account. My
 
 PREFACE. v 
 
 Glossary does not pretend to be more than a bare catalogue of words 
 with their meanings (where I knew or could ascertain them) and with 
 illustrative examples. I desire to lay stress on this, because while I 
 shall try to receive with proper equanimity strictures on the way iu 
 which I have performed even the modest task that I have under- 
 taken, I do not wish to be blamed for not having accomplished 
 objects which it was never in my mind to attempt. 
 
 But while, in the matter of etymology, I have refrained from any 
 original effort, I have always been forward to cite extracts which 
 treat of or refer to the derivation of the word for which the passage 
 is quoted. In several cases the etymology may be wrong, or even 
 ridiculous ; as when Ascham tells us that " there is nothing worse 
 [waur ?] than war, whereof it taketh his name," or when S. Richard- 
 son, in the person of Lovelace, says that familiar letter-writing is 
 " writing from the heart (without the fetters prescribed by method 
 or study) as the very word cor-respondence implied." These ety- 
 mologies, if not useful, are at least entertaining and noteworthy; 
 and indeed in a few instances (e. g. Job, Redshanks, Salic) I have 
 cited derivations that were intended to be jocular. 
 
 As regards the quotations generally, I have endeavoured to make 
 the references as exact as possible. In some cases I was only able 
 to give the volume and page of the edition used, but I hope that the 
 plan which I have adopted in the appended List of Authorities will 
 render the verification of the extract possible, while the year of birth 
 and death which I have added to the name of each author will 
 give to the general reader information as to (about) the date of the 
 quotation. 
 
 When I first contemplated this Glossary, I did not know that 
 there was any immediate prospect of the Dictionary of the Philo- 
 logical Society being issued. Happily, since then, that scheme has 
 started into new life, and we are led to expect its completion in 
 about eight or ten years time. If there is anything in my book that 
 may be found useful to that important undertaking, I willingly offer 
 it ; while there will still remain a large number of words and phrases 
 which, suitable enough in a miscellaneous Glossary like this, would 
 find no place in a regular Dictionary. 
 
 I am fully conscious that what I now present to the Public is as 
 a drop in the ocean, but I am not afraid of criticism on the score of 
 my omissions, because all must know that any one man's contri-
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 bution towards a catalogue of English words must be very imper- 
 fect. I am, however, more apprehensive of adverse remark on some 
 of the terms that I have admitted. No one would accuse a man of 
 moroseness or exclusiveness because a very large number of respect- 
 able persons might be pointed out of whom he had never taken any 
 notice. It would be well understood that he could not be expected 
 to know everybody, and that probably he would have been well 
 pleased if circumstances had allowed him to make such valuable 
 additions to his acquaintance. If, however, he admitted to his 
 intimacy people of bad or doubtful character, he would justly incur 
 blame. Opinions may differ as to whether I am in this last position. 
 Several slang expressions will be found in my Glossary. I have 
 not gone out of my way to seek these, but I have not rejected them 
 when they have presented themselves in the pages of books that have 
 an assured place in English literature, as, for example, the novels of 
 Fielding, Dickens, or Thackeray. A great deal of slang is ephemeral, 
 neither preserved nor worth preserving, but when an eminent writer 
 employs it, he bestows on it a species of immortality : indeed it often 
 happens that a slang word in course of years loses its slanginess 
 and becomes a recognised part of the language. It is not the aim 
 of a work like this to form a collection of pure and standard English, 
 but to register and explain any words good or bad, legitimate or 
 illegitimate, which are used in our litei*ature. The compiler is like 
 a census enumerator ; his business is to note the names of every one 
 in his district, and to state certain particulars in each case, and this 
 he is bound to do quite irrespective of his private opinion as to the 
 personal qualities of the various individuals with whom he is in this 
 way concerned. The above remarks will also apply, in great mea- 
 sure, to a more respectable class than the preceding the provincial- 
 isms, as to which my practice has been the same. 
 
 Several foreign words will be found in the following pages, and 
 exception may be taken to their presence in an English Glossary. 
 My rule has been to include these when they appear to have become 
 naturalised or semi-naturalised, e. g. < chiffoniere/ ' esclandre/ ( non- 
 chalance,' ' penchant ' ; or when the writer has seemed to me to use 
 the term with a wish to naturalise it, though his introduction may 
 not have availed to give the stranger any permanent footing among 
 us ; e. g. ' calino ' (Nashe ; Dekker) ; ' intrado ' (Fuller ; Hcylin) ; 
 'orage' (R. North), &c., &c.
 
 PREFACE. vii 
 
 Another class of words I may notice ; those which have appar- 
 ently been coined for the occasion. I have not excluded such 
 expressions ; they are often amusing or interesting, and it would be 
 rash in any one case to say that the word is peculiar to the author in 
 whom we first find it. ' Betweenity/ for instance, might be taken 
 for one of Southey's numerous inventions, but Walpole, another 
 great manufacturer of verbal eccentricities, had used it before him. 
 Even when a writer expressly announces a word as coined by him- 
 self, we cannot be certain of more than that he was unaware of its 
 having been in circulation. (See ' agreeability/ ' naturalness/ 'regi- 
 mented/ ' triality/ &c.) Thus then, though many of these issues of 
 the word-mint may be ugly, debased, or intrinsically worthless, they 
 ought yet, I think, to have a place as objects of curiosity in the 
 cabinet of the collector. 
 
 I have also had to consider what should be done with words 
 which in their simple fonn are in the Dictionaries, but which I have 
 found compounded with some prefix as be-, fore-, un-, or some suffix 
 as -able, -less, -ship. I could not discover that the works which I 
 propose to supplement went on any fixed principle in this matter ; 
 some of these compounds were inserted; others, equally common, 
 were left out. My general rule has been to admit them. 
 
 In addition to isolated words I have, following the example of 
 Nares, Halliwell, and Latham, taken cognizance also of phrases, and 
 even, in some instances, of proverbial sentences. It is of course 
 difficult to draw the line as to what should be included under this 
 head ; each case has had to be decided on its own merits and to the 
 best of my judgment. 
 
 It only remains to express my cordial thanks to those who have 
 assisted me in my task. My acknowledgments are especially due 
 to Edward Peacock, Esq., author of the Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary, &c., for large contributions of words ; to the Rev. W. C. 
 Plenderleath, Rector of Cherhill, Wilts, who carefully read and 
 marked for me three somewhat voluminous works ; to Edgar 
 MacCulloch, Esq., of Guernsey, who has often taken much trouble in 
 clearing up points on which I needed information ; to the Hon. J. 
 Leicester "Warren, who sent me several words, principally from 
 books that are rather out of the ordinary course of reading ; and to 
 F. Francois De Chaumont, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Hygiene 
 at Netley Hospital, who added to the kindnesses shown me during a
 
 viii PREFACE. 
 
 friendship of many years standing, by being always ready to assist 
 me with his large and varied knowledge in ascertaining the meaning 
 of obscure or technical terms. 
 
 I have also derived great help from the vast store of information 
 de omni re scibili contained in the five Series of Notes and Queries ; 
 from the publications of the English Dialect Society ; and from the 
 Chertsey Worthies' Library, edited by Mr. Grosart, and rendered 
 more valuable by the careful Glossarial lists which he has appended 
 to such of the works as are yet completed. This Library is printed 
 for private circulation, only 100 copies of each part being issued. I 
 owe the use of the copy that I have had to the kindness of one of 
 the subscribers, J. E. Bailey, Esq., author of the Life of Fuller. 
 
 It will be seen that a few words or phrases are left unexplained. 
 I shall be glad to receive any elucidation of these, or any corrections 
 of errors that may be detected by those who use the book. 
 
 T. LEWIS 0. DAVIES.
 
 LIST OF AUTHOES QUOTED. 
 
 I HAVE only inserted in this list the names of the Authors who 
 are quoted more or less frequently. In other cases the date is 
 generally appended to the extract. Except as regards living writers 
 I have added the date of birth and death, and in some instances 
 the year in which their more important works, or the works most 
 often cited in my Dictionary, appeared. Where a knowledge of the 
 edition used by me would be necessary to enable a reader to verify 
 the reference, the information is given within square brackets. 
 
 ADAMS, THOMAS (1588 ?-1655 ?), Practical Works [Nichol's Puritan Divines, 
 1861-2]. 
 
 ADDISON, JOSEPH (1672-1719), The Spectator, 1711-14 ; The Drummer, 1715. 
 
 ALBUMAZAR, a Comedy by Tomkis ? printed 1615. 
 
 ANDREWES, BP. (1555-1626), Sermons [Ang. Cath. Lib., 1841-43]. . 
 
 ANSTET, CHR. (1724-1805), New Bath Guide, 1766. 
 
 ANTIJACOBIN, Poetry of [4th ed., 1801]. 
 
 ARBER, E., English Garner, 1877-80, Introduction to Marprelate Controversy, 1879. 
 
 ASCHAM, ROGER (1515-68), Toxophilus, 1545 [ed. Arber, 1865] ; Schoolmaster, pub- 
 lished posthumously, 1570 [ed. Upton, 1743]. 
 
 AUBREY, JOHN (1626-97), Miscellanies, 1696 [Smith's Lib. of Old Authors, 1857]. 
 
 AUSTEN, JANE (1775-1817), All her novels published between 1811 and 1818. 
 
 BACON, FRANCIS (1561-1626), Essays, 1597-1625. 
 
 BAILEY, NATHANAEL (d. 1742), Eng. Diet, 1722 [3rd ed., 1726] ; Colloquies of 
 Erasmus translated, 1733 [ed. 1877]. 
 
 BALE, BP. (1495-1563), Select Works [Parker Soc., 1849]. 
 
 BARHAM, R. H. (1788-1845), Ingoldsby Legends. 
 
 BARNARD, JOHN (d. 1683), Life of Heylin, 1683 [prefixed to Eccles. Hist. Soc. 
 ed. of Heylin's Reformation, 1849]. 
 
 BEAUMONT, FRANCIS (1586-1616), and FLETCHER, JOHN (1576-1625), Dramatic 
 Works. 
 
 BEAUMONT, JOSEPH (1616-99), Psyche [ed. Grosart, Chertsey Worthies' Lib., 
 1877-8]. 
 
 BECON, THOMAS (1512-70), Works [Parker Soc., 1843-4). 
 
 BLACK, WILLIAM, Adventures of a Phaeton, 1872 ; Princess of Thule, 1873. 
 
 BLACKMORE, RICHARD, Lorna Doone, 1869. 
 
 BLANCHARD, LAMAN (1803-45), Life and Remains of L. E. L[andon], 1841. 
 
 BLOOMFIELD, ROBERT (1766-1823), Poems. 
 
 BOSWELL, JAMES (1740-95), Life of Johnson, 1790 [ed. 1835]. 
 
 BRADFORD, JOHN (d. 1555), Writings [Parker Soc., 1848-53]. 
 
 BRAMHALL, ABP. (1593-1663), Works [Ang. Cath. Lib., 1842-44].
 
 x LIST OF A UTHORS QUOTED. 
 
 BRAND, J. (1743 ?-1806), Popular Antiquities, published posthumously, edited by 
 
 Sir H. Ellis, 1813 [Bohn's Antiq. Lib., 1853-55]. 
 BRETON, NICHOLAS (1542?-1626?), Work? [ed. Grosart, Chertsey Worthies' Lib., 
 
 1879]. 
 
 BRITTEN, J. and HOLLAND, R., Diet, of Eng. Plant Names, E. D. S., 1878-80. 
 BRONTE, CHARLOTTE (1816-55), Jane Eyre, 1847 ; Villette, 1853. 
 BRONTE, EMILY (1818-48), Wnthering Heights, 1847. 
 
 BROOKE, HENRY (1706-83), The Fool of Quality, 1766-70 [ed. Kingsley, 1859]. 
 BROOKS, THOMAS (1608-80), Works [Nichol's Puritan Divines, 1866-7]. 
 BROOME, RICHARD (d. 1632), A Jovial Crew, a Comedy. 
 BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704), Works Serious and Comical [ed. 1760]. 
 BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-82), Works [ed. 1686]. 
 BROWNING, ROBERT, Poems. 
 BROWNING, ELIZABETH BARRETT (1809-61), Poems. 
 
 BULLINGER, HENRY (1504-75), translated by H. J., 1577 [Parker Soc., 1849-52]. 
 BUNYAN, JOHN (1628-88), Pilgrim's Progress, Part I. 1678 ; II. 1684 [Facsimile of 
 
 1st ed., 1875]. 
 
 BURGOYNE, SIR JOHN (d. 1792), Dramatic Works. 
 BURKE, EDMDND (1730-97), Reflections on the French Revolution, 1790 [new ed., 
 
 1852]. 
 
 BURTON, ROBERT (1576-1640), Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621 [ed. 1638]. 
 BUTLER, SAMUEL (1612-80), Huclibras, 1663-78. 
 BYRON, LORD (1788-1824), Poems. 
 
 CALFHILL, JAMES (d. 1570), Answer to Martiall, 1565 [Parker Soc., 1846]. 
 CARLYLE, THOMAS (1795-1881), Sartor Resartus, 1833 ; Fr. Revolution, 1837 ; Life 
 
 of Sterling, 1851 ; Essays, v. d. [ed. 1857]. 
 CARTWRIGHT, WILLIAM (1611-43), The Ordinary, a Comedy. 
 CENTLIVRE, SUSANNA (1667-1723), Dramatic Works [ed. 1872]. 
 CHAPMAN, GEO. (1557-1634), Dramatic Works [ed. 1873] ; Iliad, 1603. 
 CHAUCER, GEOFF. (1328?- 1400), Poems. 
 CHURCHILL, CHARLES (1731-64), Poems. 
 GIBBER, COLLEY (1671-1757), Plays ; Apology, 1739 [ed. 1829]. 
 COLERIDGE, SAMUEL (1772-1834), Poems. 
 
 COLLIER, JEREMY (1650-1726), View of the Eng. Stage, 1698 [2nd ed.]. 
 COLLINS, WILKIE, The Woman in White, 1860 ; the Moonstone, 1868. 
 COLMAN, GEO., SENR. (1733-94), Dramatic Works. 
 COLMAN, GEO., JUNR. (1762-1836), Poetical Vagaries [2nd ed. 1814] 
 COMBE, WILLIAM (1741-1823), Three Tours of Dr. Syntax, 1812-20-21. 
 COMMITTEE, THE. See HOWARD. 
 CONGREVE, WILLIAM (1670-1729), Dramatic Works. 
 CORBET, BP. (1582-1635), Poems [ed. Gilchrist, 1807]. 
 COTTON, CHARLES (1630-87), Poetical Works [5th ed. 1765]; Scarronides or 
 
 Travestie of ^ncid II. [ed. 1692]. 
 COVERDALE, BP. (1488-1569), Works [Parker Soc., 1846]. 
 COWLEY, ABRAHAM (1618-67), Poems and Essays. 
 COWPER, WILLIAM (1731-1800), Poems. 
 Cox, SIR G., Mythology of the Aryan Nations, 1870. 
 CRABBE, GEORGE (1754-1832), Poems. 
 CRANMER, ABP. (1489-1556), Works [Parker Soc., 1844-6].
 
 LIST OF AUTHORS QUOTED, xi 
 
 DANIEL, SAMUEL (1562-1619), Hist, of England, 1618. 
 
 D'ARBLAY, FRANCES (1752-1840), Cecilia, 1782 ; Camilla, 1796 ; Diary [ed. 1842]. 
 
 DAVIES, JOHN, of Hereford (1560 ?-1618), Works [ed. Grosart, Chertsey Worthies 
 
 Lib., 1876]. 
 DEFOE, DANIEL (1663 ?-1731), Tour thro' G. Britain [4th ed., 1748] ; Select Works 
 
 [ed. Keltie, 1871]. 
 DEKKER, THOMAS (1641 ?), Satiromastix, 1602 ; Seven Deadly Sins, 1606 [ed. 
 
 Arber, 1879]. 
 
 DENHAM, SIR JOHN (1615-68), Poems. 
 DENNYS, JOHN (d. before 1613), Secrets of Angling, 1613. 
 DE QUINCEY, THOMAS (1785-1859), Selections Grave and Gay, 1853-61 ; Conf. of 
 
 an Opium-eater [new ed., 1853]. 
 DICKENS, CHARLES (1812-70), Works, Pickwick, 1836; Chuzzlewit, 1843; Bleak 
 
 House, 1852 ; Great Expectations, 1858. 
 DIGBY, GEORGE, Earl of Bristol (1612-76), Elvira, a Comedy. 
 DISRAELI, BENJAMIN, Earl of Beaconsfield (1804-81), Lothair, 1871. 
 DODSLEY, ROBERT (1703-64), Collection of Old Plays [ed. 1744]. 
 D'OYLY, GEORGE (d. 1846), Life of Abp. Bancroft [2nd ed. 1840]. 
 DRAYTON, MICHAEL (1563-1631), Poems. 
 DRYDEN, JOHN (1631-1701), Works. 
 D'URFEY. TOM (d. 1723), Collin's Walk through London, 1690; New Operas, &c., 
 
 1721.' 
 
 Dyaloge betwene a Gentillman and a husbandman, 1530 ? [ed. Arber, 1871]. 
 EARLE, BP. (1601-65), Microcosmographie, 1628 [ed. Arber, 1868]. 
 EDGEWORTH, MARIA (1767-1849), Castle Rackrent, 1800; Helen. 
 EDWARD II., Hist, of, by E. F., written 1627, published 1680. 
 EDWARDS, RICHARD (b. 1523), Damon and Pitheas, published 1582. 
 ELIOT, GEORGE (Mrs. CROSS), (1820-80). 
 EMERSON, RALPH WALDO, English Traits, 1856. 
 ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY, Publications of, 1873-81. 
 ENGLISH GARNER, ed. by Arber, 1877-80. 
 
 EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706), Diary, ed. Bray, 1818 [Chandos Lib., n. d.]. 
 FALCONER, WILLIAM (1730 ?-69), The Shipwreck, 1762. 
 FARQUHAR, GEORGE (1678-1707), Dramatic Works. 
 
 FERRIER, SUSAN (1782-1854), Marriage, 1818 ; Inheritance, 1824; Destiny, 1831. 
 
 FIELDING, HENRY (1707-54), J. Andrews, 1742; Jonathan Wild, 1743; Tom 
 Jones, 1749 ; Amelia, 1751. 
 
 FISH, SIMON (d. 1530), Supplication for the Beggars, 1529 [ed. Arber, 1878]. 
 
 FISHER, BP. (1459-1535), Works [ed. Mayor, Early Eng. Text Soc., 1876]. 
 
 FOOTE, SAMUEL (1720 ?-77), Dramatic Works. 
 
 FOXE, JOHN (1517-87), Acts and Monuments, 1562. 
 
 FULLER, THOMAS (1608-61), David's Sin, &c., 1631 ; Holy War, 1639 ; Holy State, 
 1642 ; Pisgah Sight, 1650 ; Ch. Hist., 1655; Worthies, 1662 [ed. Nichols, 1811]. 
 
 GALT, JOHN (1779-1839), Annals of the Parish, 1821. 
 
 GAMMER GURTON'S NEEDLE, by Mr. S., M.A. (Bp. Still, 1543-1608). 
 
 GARRICK, DAVID (1716-79), Dramatic Works. 
 
 GASCOIGNE, GEORGE (1536-77), The Supposes, 1566; Steele Glas, &c., 1577 [ed. 
 Arber, 1858]. 
 
 GASKELL, ELIZABETH (1811-65), Ruth, 1853; North and South, 1854. 
 
 GAUDEN, BP. (1605-62), Tears of the Church, 1659.
 
 xii LIST OF AUTHORS QUOTED. 
 
 GAY, JOHN (1688-1732), Poems. 
 
 Gentleman Instructed; the author is more probably Father Darrell, S. J. The 
 
 earliest edition in the Bodleian is the 2nd, 1704 ; it was afterwards enlarged 
 
 [10th ed., 1732]. 
 
 GODWIN, WILLIAM (1756-1836), Mandeville, 1817. 
 GOOGE, BARNABY (d. 1594), Eglogs, &c., 1563 [ed. Arber, 1871]. 
 GOSSON, STEPHEN (1555-1624), Schoole of Abuse, 1579 [ed. Arber, 1868]. 
 GRAVES, RICHARD (1715-1804), Spiritual Quixote, 1773 [new ed., 1808]. 
 GRAY, THOMAS (1716-71), Poems. 
 
 GREENE, ROBERT (1550 ?-92), Dramatical and Poetical Works, ed. Dyce [Rout- 
 ledge's Old Dramatists, 1874] ; Menaphon, 1589 [ed. Arber, 1880]. 
 GRIM, the Collier of Croydon, printed as an old piece in 1662. 
 GRINDAL, ABP. (1519-83), Remains [Parker Society, 1843]. 
 GROSE, FRANCIS (1731-91), Classical Diet, of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785 [3rd ed. 
 
 1796]. 
 
 HALL, BP. (1574-1656), Satires, 1597 [Works, new ed., 1637-39]. 
 HALL, FITZEDWARD, Exemplifications of False Philology, 1872 ; Modern English, 
 
 1873. 
 
 HALLIWELL, JAMES 0., Diet, of Archaic and Provincial Words [7th ed., 1872]. 
 Harleian Miscellany, with notes by Park, 1808-12. 
 HAWKINS, THOMAS (1728-72), English Drama, 1773. 
 HEATH (By an error this name is given as that of the author of the translation of 
 
 Horace : it should be Sir Thomas Hawkins). Translation of Odes of Horace, 
 
 1625 [4th ed., 1638]. 
 HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633), Poems. 
 HERRICK, ROBERT (1591-1674), Poems, ed. Hazlitt [Smith's Lib. of Old Authors, 
 
 1869]. 
 HEYLIN, PETER (1600-62), Hist, of Presbyterians, 1670 ; Life of Laud, 1671 ; Hist- 
 
 of Reformation, 1674 [Ecc. Hist. Soc., 1849]. 
 HEYWOOD, JOHN (d. 1565 ?), Dramatic Works. 
 HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1551-1636), Livy, 1600 [ed. 1659] ; Pliny, 1601 [ed., 1634] ; 
 
 Camden, 1610 [revised and enlarged by Author, 1637]. 
 HOOD, THOMAS (1798-1845), Poems. 
 
 HOOK, THEODORE (1788-1841), Sayings and Doings, 1824-5. 
 HOOPER, BP. (1495-1555), Works [Parker Soc., 1843-52]. 
 HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626-98), The Committee ; a Comedy. 
 HOWELL, JAMES (1596-1666), Forraine Travell, 1642 [ed. Arber, 1869] ; Dodona's 
 
 Grove, 1645; Letters, 1644-55 [9th ed., 1726] ; Parly of Beasts, 1660. 
 HUBERT, SIR FRANCIS (d. 1629), Life and Death of Edward II., 1629. 
 HUDSON, THOMAS (temp. Eliz.), Hist, of Judith, translated from Du Bartas [ed. 
 
 1613]. Hudson was a Scotchman, and dedicates his work to James VI. of 
 
 Scotland ; it must have appeared therefore before 1603. 
 
 HUGHES, THOMAS, Tom Brown's Schooldays, 1856 ; Tom Brown at Oxford, 1861. 
 HUNT, LEIGH (1784-1859), Poems. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, ROGER (d. 1555), Works [Parker Soc., 1842]. 
 Imperial Dictionary, with Supplement, ed. J. Ogilvie, 1850-55. 
 Ingoldsby Legends. See BARHAM. 
 
 IRVING, WASHINGTON (1783-1859), Salmagundi, 1807 ; Sketch Book, 1819. 
 JABVIS, CHARLES (d. 1743), Translation of Don Quixote, 1742. 
 JEWEL, BP. (1522-71), Works [Parker Soc., 1845-50]. 
 JOHNSTON, CHARLES (d. 1800?), Chrysal, 1760 [Cooke's ed., n. d.].
 
 LIST OF AUTHORS QUOTED. xiii 
 
 JONSON, BEN (1574-1637), Works. 
 
 KEATS, JOHN (1795-1821), Endymion, 1818; Lamia, 1820. 
 
 KEN, BP. (1637-1711), Life of, by a Layman, 1851 [2nd ed., 1854]. 
 
 KENNET, BP. (1660-1728), Parochial Antiquities, 1695 ; Translation of Erasmus's 
 Praise of Folly [8th ed., n. d.]. 
 
 KILLIGBEW, THOMAS (1611-82), The Parson's Wedding; a Comedy. 
 
 KINGSLEY, CHARLES (1819-75), Saint's Tragedy, 1848; Alton Locke, 1850; West- 
 ward Ho ! 1855 ; Two Years Ago, 1857. Letters, &c., edited by his wife [3rd 
 abridged ed., 1879]. 
 
 KINGSLEY, HENRY (1830-76), Geoffry Hamlyn, 1859; Ravenshoe, 1861. 
 
 KIRBY, WILLIAM (1759-1850), and SPENCE, WILLIAM (1780-1860), Entomology, 
 1815-26 [ed. 1826]. 
 
 LACKINGTON, JAMES (1746-1816), Memoirs, 1791 [new ed., 1803]. 
 
 LAMB, CHARLES (1775-1834), Works, with Life by Talfourd [new ed., 1852]. 
 
 LATHAM, ROBERT G., Diet, of the Eng. Language, founded on Todd's Johnson, 
 1876. 
 
 LATIMER, BP. (1472-1555), Sermons and Remains [Parker Soc., 1844-5]. 
 
 LAWES, HENRY (1600-62), Ayres and Dialogues, 1653. 
 
 LENNOX, CHARLOTTE (1720-1804), Female Quixote, 1752 [Cook's ed., n. d.] ; Hen- 
 rietta [Ibid.]. 
 
 L'ESTRANGE, ROGER (1616-1704), Trans, of Seneca's Morals [llth ed., 1710]. 
 
 LEWIS, SIR GEORGE C. (1806-63), Letters, 1870. 
 
 LYTTON, LORD (1806-73), Pelham, 1827 ; Caxtons, 1849 ; My Novel, 1853 ; What 
 will he do with it? 1858. 
 
 MACAULAY, LORD (1800-59), Hist of Eng., 1849-61. 
 
 MACHIN, LEWIS (temp. Charles I.), The Dumb Knight, a Comedy, 1633. 
 
 MAINE, JASPER (1604-72), The City Match, a Comedy. 
 
 MAITLAND, SAMUEL (1795-1866), Essays on the Reformation, 1849. 
 
 MARKHAM, GERVASE (1566?-1655?), Tragedie of Sir Richard Grinuile, 1595 [ed. 
 Arber, 1871]. 
 
 MARLOWE, CHRISTOPHER (1564-93), Dramatic Works. 
 
 MARMION, SHAKERLEY (1602-39), The Antiquary. 
 
 MARRYAT, FREDERICK (1792-1848), Frank Mildmay, 1829 ; Peter Simple, 1834. 
 
 MARSTON, JOHN (1575, d. after 1633), The Malcontent, a Comedy, 1604. 
 
 MASSINGER, PHILIP (1584-1640), Dramatic Works. 
 
 MAY, THOMAS (1594 ?-1650), The Heir ; The Old Couple Comedies. 
 
 Merry Drolleries, 1661-70-91 ; ed. Ebsworth, 1875. 
 
 MIDDLETON, THOMAS (1570-1627), Comedies. 
 
 MILTON, JOHN (1608-74), Paradise Lost, 1667 ; Paradise Regained, 1671 ; Prose 
 Works [Bohn's Standard Lib., 1872-75]. 
 
 MISSON, FRANgois (d. 1722), Travels in Eng., 1698, translated by J. Ozell (d. 1743), 
 1719. 
 
 MONTAGU, LADY MARY WORTLEY (1689-1762), Letters, written 1716-18 [ed. J. St. 
 John, 1838]. 
 
 MORE, HENRY (1614-87), Works [ed. Grosart, Chertsey Worthies' Lib., 1876-8]. 
 
 NARES, EDWARD (1762-1841), Thinks-I-to-Myself, 1811 [9th ed., 1816]. 
 
 NARES, ROBERT (1753-1829), Glossary, 1822 [new ed. with additions by J. Halli- 
 well and T. Wright, 1876]. 
 
 NASHE, THOMAS (1567-1600), Lenten Stuffe, 1599. 
 
 Nomenclator of Junius, translated by J. Higins, 1585.
 
 xiv LIST OF A UTHORS Q UOTED. 
 
 NOKTH, ROGER (1650-1734), Examen, 1740; Life of Lord Guilford [2nd ed., 
 
 1808]. 
 
 Notes and Queries, Five Series, 1849-79. 
 OLIPHANT, MARGARET, Salem Chapel, 1863. 
 PARISH, W. D., Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect, 1875. 
 Parker Society, Publications of, 1841-53. 
 
 PEACOCK, EDWARD, Manley and Corringham Glossary (E. D. S.), 1877. 
 PEELE, GEORGE (1553 ?-97 ?), Works, ed. Dyce [Routledge's Old Dramatists, 1874]- 
 PEPYS, SAMUEL (1632-1703), Diary, ed. Lord Braybrooke [Bohn's Hist. Lib., 1858]- 
 PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1815-54), Essays from the Times, 1854. 
 PHILPOT, JOHN (1511-55), Examinations and Writings [Parker Soc., 1842]. 
 PILKINGTON, BP. (1520-75), Works [Parker Soc., 1842]. 
 POE, EDGAR ALLEN (1811-49), Works [ed. 1853]. 
 POPE, ALEXANDER (1688-1744), Poems. 
 PRESTON, THOMAS (1537-98), King Cambises, a Tragedy. 
 PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721), Poems. 
 
 PUTTENHAM, GEORGE (b. 1532 ?), Arte of English Poesie, 1589 [ed. Arber, 1869]. 
 QUARLES, FRANCIS (1592-1644), Emblems, 1635. 
 RANDOLPH, THOMAS (1605-34), Muses' Looking Glass, a Comedy. 
 READE, CHARLES, Never too late to Mend, 1857 ; Cloister and Hearth, 1861. 
 RICHARDSON, CHARLES (1775-1865), English Dictionary, with Supplement, 1836-7]. 
 RICHARDSON, SAMUEL (1689-1761), Pamela, 1741 [ed. Mangin, 1811] ; Cl. Harlowe, 
 
 1748 [Ib.] ; Grandison, 1754 [ed. 1812]. 
 ROBBERDS, W. See TAYLOR. 
 ROGERS, THOMAS (b. 1550), Exposition of Thirty-nine Articles, 1586 [Parker Soc., 
 
 1854]. 
 
 ROWLEY, WILLIAM (temp. James and Charles I.), Match at Midnight, a Comedy. 
 Roxburgh Ballads, ed. Hindley, 1873. 
 ROY, WILLIAM, and BARLOW, JEROME, Rede me and be nott wroth, 1528 [ed. 
 
 Arber, 1871]. 
 SACKVILLE, THOMAS, LORD BUCKHURST (1536-1608), Works [ed. Sackville-West], 
 
 [Smith's Lib. of Old Authors, 1859]. 
 SANDERSON, BP. (1587-1663), Works [ed. Jacobson, 1854]. 
 SANDYS, ABP. (1519-88), Sermons [Parker Soc., 1841]. 
 SAVAGE, M. W., Reuben Medlicott, 1852 [ed. 1864]. 
 SCOTT, SIR WALTER (1771-1832), Lay of the Last Minstrel, 1805 ; Waverley Novels, 
 
 1814-31 [48 vols. 1829-33]. 
 SELDEN, JOHN (1584-1654), Table Talk, published 1699 [Smith's Lib. of Old 
 
 Authors, I860], 
 
 SHAKESPEARE, WiLLiAM : (1564-1616), Works. 
 SHENSTONE, WILLIAM (1714-63), Poems. 
 SHERIDAN, RICHARD BRINSLEY (1751-1816), Dramatic Works. 
 SHIRLEY, JAMES (1594-1666), The Bird in a Cage, 1633 ; The Gamester, 1637. 
 SIBBES, RICHARD (1577-1635), Works [Nichol's Puritan Divines, 1862-4]. 
 SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-86), Arcadia, published 1590; Astrophel and Stella, 
 
 1591 ; Wanstead Play. [All these works quoted from 13th ed., 1674]. 
 SKELTON, JOHN (1460?-1529), Elynour Rummin, the famous Ale-wife of England. 
 SMITH, HENRY (1550-91), Works [Nichol's Puritan Divines, 1866-7]. 
 SMITH, JAMES (1775-1839), and HORACE (1779-1849), Rejected Addresses, 1812 
 
 [new ed., 1869].
 
 LIST OF AUTHORS QUOTED. xv 
 
 SMITH, SIDNEY (1771-1845), Works [2nd ed., 1840] ; Letters, with Memoir by Lady 
 
 Holland, 1855 [new ed., 1869]. 
 SMOLLETT, TOBIAS (1721-71), Roderick Random, 1748 ; Peregrine Pickle, 1751 ; 
 
 Sir L. Greaves, 1762 ; Humphrey Clinker, 1771. 
 SOUTH, ROBERT (1633-1716), Sermons, 1697 [ed. 1737]. 
 SODTHEY, ROBERT (1774-1843), Joan of Arc, 1796; Thalaba, 1801; Kehama, 
 
 1810 ; The Doctor, 1834-47 ; Letters, ed. Warter, 1856. 
 SPEED, JOHN (15.52-1629), Hist, of Great Britain, 1611 [2nd ed., 1623]. 
 SPENSER, EDMUND (1552-99), Shepherd's Calendar, 1579 ; Faerie Queene, 1590-96 ; 
 
 Colin Clout, 1595. 
 STANYHURST, RICHARD (1548-1618), Translation of ^Eneid I. -IV., 1582; Conceites, 
 
 &c. [ed. Arber, 1880]. 
 
 STAPYLTON, SIR ROBERT (d. 1669), Translation of Juvenal, 164J. 
 STEELE, SIR RICHARD (1671-1729), Conscious Lovers, 1722. 
 STERNE, LAURENCE (1713-68), Tristram Shandy, 1758-67 [8th ed., 1770], Sentimental 
 
 Journey, 1768. 
 
 STRANGFORD, LORD (1825-69), Life and Letters. 
 
 STRYPE, JOHN (1643-1737), Memorials of Cranmer, 1694 [Ecc. Hist. Soc., 1848-54]. 
 SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667-1745), Tale of a Tub, 1704 ; Gulliver, 1726 ; Polite Con- 
 versation, written about 1706, published long after. 
 SYLVESTER, JOSHUA (1563-1618), Works [ed. Grosart, Chertsey Worthies' Lib., 
 
 1877-80]. 
 TJTYLOR, SIR HENRY, 1843 ; Comnenus, 1827 ; Ph. van Artevelde, 1834 ; Edwin, 
 
 1842 ; St. Clement's Eve, 1862 [Works, new ed., 1877-8]. 
 TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836), Survey of German Poetry, 1828-30; Letters, with 
 
 Memoirs by W. Robberds, 1843. 
 TENNYSON, ALFRED, Poems, 1832; Princess, 1847-50; Maud, 1855; Idylls, 1859-72- 
 
 Queen Mary, 1875 ; Harold, 1877 ; Ballads, &c., 1880. 
 
 THACKERAY, WILLIAM M. (1811-63), Paris Sketch Book, 1840 ; Vanity Fair, 1847 ; 
 Esmond, 1852 ; Newcomes, 1855 ; Virginians, 1857 ; Miscellanies [ed. 1855-57]. 
 Touchstone of Complexions, 1575. 
 
 TROLLOPE, ANTHONY, Barchester Towers, 1857 ; Orley Farm, 1862. 
 TROLLOPE, FRANCES (1779-1863), Michael Armstrong, 1839. 
 TUSSER, THOMAS (1525 ?-80), Husbandry, 1573 [ed. Payne and Herrtage, E. D. S., 
 
 1878]. 
 
 Two Noble Kinsmen, first printed 1634 ; ascribed to Fletcher and Shakespeare. 
 TYNDALE, WILLIAM (1477-1536), Works [Parker Soc., 1848-50]. 
 UDAL, NICHOLAS (1504-56), Roister Doister [ed. Arber, 1869] ; Translation of 
 
 Erasmus's Apophthegmes, 1542 [Reprint, 1877 of ed. of 1562]. 
 URQUHART, SIR THOMAS (d. 1642), Translation of Rabelais [Bonn's extra vols 
 
 1848]. 
 
 VANBRUGH, SIR JOHN (1666?-1726), Dramatic Works. 
 WALPOLE, HORACE, EARL OF ORFORD (1717-97); Private Correspondence [4 vols., 
 
 1820], Letters to Mann, ed. Lord Dover [2nd ed., 1833]. 
 WARD, SAMUEL (1577-1639), Sermons [Nichol's Puritan Divines, 1862]. 
 WARD, THOMAS (1652-1708), England's Reformation, a Poem, published 1710 
 
 [ed. 1716]. 
 
 WARTON, THOMAS (1728-90), Poems. 
 WEBBE, WILLIAM (d. after 1591), Discourse of English Poetrie, 1586 [ed. Arber. 
 
 1870]. 
 WHITGIFT, ABP. (1530-1604), Works [Parker Soc., 1851-3).
 
 xvi LIST OF A UTHORS Q UOTED. 
 
 Wily Beguiled, a Comedy, temp. James I. 
 
 WOLCOT, JOHN (1738-1819), Peter Pindar [ed. 1830]. 
 
 WOOD, ANTHONY (1632-95), Life of, by himself [Ecc. Hist. Soc., 1848]. 
 
 WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM (1770-1850), Poems. 
 
 WYCHERLEY, WILLIAM (1640-1715), Dramatic Works. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS GLOSSARY. 
 
 E. D. S., English Dialect Society. N., Nares's Glossary, ed. by Halliwell 
 
 H., Halliwell's Dictionary. and Wright. 
 
 L., Latham's Dictionary. N. & Q., Notes and Queries. 
 
 E.., Richardson's Dictionary. 
 
 When a word is said not to be in the Dictionaries, the statement only refers to 
 the four which this book proposes to supplement.
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY ENGLISH GLOSSAEY. 
 
 A 1, the best ; in the first rank. In 
 Lloyds' Register there are five classes 
 of ships : A, A in red, JE, E, and I. 
 The first A is the highest. See N. and 
 Q., III. iii. 431, 478. 
 
 I want to be A 1 at cricket, and football, 
 and all the other games. Huyhes, Tom 
 Brown's Schooldays, Pt. II. ch. vi. 
 
 " I never heard such a word before from 
 the lips of a young lady." " Not as A 1 ? I 
 thought it simply meant very good. . . . A 1 
 is a ship a ship that is very good." Trollope, 
 Phineas Finn, ch. xlii. 
 
 ABANNE, to curse. 
 
 How durst the Bishops in this present 
 council of Trident so solemnly to abanne and 
 accurse all them that dare to find fault with 
 the same ? Jewel, ii. 697. 
 
 ABBATY, abbacy. 
 
 Dunstan . . . was the first Abbot of Eng- 
 land, not in time, but in honour, Glassenbury 
 being theProto-Abbaty, then and many years 
 after. Fuller, Worthies, Somerset, ii. 250. 
 
 ABBREVIATLY, shortly. 
 
 The sweete smacke that Yarmouth frades 
 in it ... abbreviatlt/Andmeetely according to 
 my old Sarum plainesong I have harpt upon. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 162). 
 
 ABCEDARIES, rudiments. B. has it 
 = teacher of rudiments. 
 
 It was lawful to begin of such rudiments 
 or abcedaries, but so that it behooved the 
 learned, grave, and godly ministers of Christ 
 to enterprize further. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 VIII. iii. 2. 
 
 ABECEDARIAN, rudimentary. The 
 Diets, have it as a subst. = teacher 
 of rudiments. 
 
 There is an Abecedarian ignorance that 
 precedes knowledge, and a Doctoral ignor- 
 ance that comes after it. Cotton's Montaigne, 
 ch. xli. 
 
 ABEAR, to bear or comport oneself. 
 The Faerie Queene is the latest author- 
 ity for this word given in the Diets., 
 but it was used by Bp. Lloyd a century 
 later. It occurs also in Hist, of Edward 
 //., p. 67, and in Hackefs Life of Abp. 
 Williams, ii. 65. In the sense of " to 
 tolerate," as in the second quotation, it 
 is a vulgarism still in use. 
 
 The giving of a recognisance for the good 
 abearing or quiett peaceable liveing, is a point 
 that deserves to be well weighed. Lloyd to 
 Sancroft, 1689 (Life of Ken, p. 554). 
 
 She couldn't abear the men, they were 
 such deceivers. Sketches by JBoz (Mr. John 
 Dounce). 
 
 ABELE, a white poplar. The first 
 extract is from Britten and Holland's 
 Eng. Plant Names (E. D. S.). 
 
 It is called ... in low Dutch abeel, of his 
 horie or aged colour, and also abeelboome ; 
 ... in French, aubel, obel, or aubeau; in 
 English, abeell, after the Dutch name. Ge- 
 rard, Herball (1597). 
 
 Six abeles i' the churchyard grow on the 
 north side in a row. Mrs. Browning (Duchess 
 Mary). 
 
 ABIGAIL, a waiting - woman. L. 
 says, " The direct etymology of this 
 word is uncertain : it goes back to 
 Abigail of Carmel (1 Sam. xxv.) ; but 
 it is probable that its present use is 
 referable to Abigail Hill, the famous 
 Mrs. Masham." Mrs. Masham's position 
 towards Q. Anne may have made the 
 expression more common, but the sub- 
 joined extract was written four years 
 before Mrs. Masham entered her Majes- 
 ty's service, and several years before 
 she could have become of sufficient im- 
 portance to give rise to the name. I 
 
 B
 
 ABJECTION ( 
 
 think it may be questioned whether 
 there is any reference to the wife of 
 Nabal ; she was not a servant, but the 
 wife of a wealthy man. She calls her- 
 self, with Oriental humility, a hand- 
 maid, but so do Ruth and others. It 
 has been pointed out that in Beaumont 
 and Fletcher's Scornful Lady the wait- 
 ing-woman is called Abigail ; and this 
 play was long popular. Pepys records 
 seven occasions on which he went to 
 see it, and on one of these he says, 
 " Doll Common [i. e. Mrs. Corey], doing 
 Abigail most excellently." Perhaps 
 this was the real origin of the term, 
 just as we call an inn-keeper Boniface 
 from Farquhar's Beaux Stratagem. 
 
 Whereas they [the chaplains] petition to 
 be freed from any obligation to marry the 
 chamber-maid, we can by no means assent 
 to it ; the Abigail, by immemorial custom, 
 being a deodand, and belonging to holy 
 Church. Reply to Ladies and Bachelors 
 Petition, 1694 (Harl. Misc., iv. 440). 
 
 ABJECTION, casting away. 
 
 Calvin understands by Christ's descending 
 into hell, that he suffered in his soul ... all 
 the torments of hell, even to abjection from 
 God's presence. Heylin, Hist, of the Pres- 
 byterians, p. 350. 
 
 ABLEMOST, most efficient. 
 
 For, quick despatching (hourely) Post on 
 
 Post 
 
 To all the Coverts of the Able-most 
 For Pate,Prowesse,Purse; commands, prayes, 
 
 presses them 
 To come with speed unto Jerusalem. 
 
 Sylvester, Bethulia's Rescue, i. 108. 
 
 ABLESSE, power, ablenesse, which 
 is the reading in the second folio ed. of 
 Chapman. 
 
 This did with anger sting 
 The blood of Diomed, to see his friend that 
 
 chid the king 
 Before the fight, and then preferred his 
 
 ablesse and his mind 
 To all his ancestors in fight, now come so 
 
 far behind. Chapman, Iliad, v. 248. 
 
 ABORTIVE, to perish, or cause to 
 perish untimely. 
 
 Thus one of your bold thunders may abortive, 
 And cause that birth miscarry that might 
 
 have prov'd 
 
 An instrument of wonders greater and rarer 
 Than Apollonius the magician wrought. 
 
 Albumazar, i. 3. 
 
 He wrought to abortive the bill before it 
 came to the birth. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 37. 
 
 When peace came so near to the birth, 
 
 ) ACADEMICALS 
 
 how it abortived. and by whose fault, comes 
 now to be remembred. Ibid. ii. 147. 
 
 ABOUND, to expatiate. To abound 
 in or with one's own sense = to be free 
 to express or keep one's own opinion. 
 Adams (ii. 300) says, " I will not 
 abound in this discovery," i.e. I will 
 not enlarge upon it. 
 
 Some of them [opinions] are such as are 
 fit only for schools, and to be left at more 
 liberty for learned men to abound in their own 
 sense, so they keep themselves peaceable, and 
 distract not the Church. Letter from Laud, 
 1625 (Heylin's Life of Laud, p. 137). 
 
 Every one is said to altound with his owne 
 sense, and that, among the race of mankind, 
 opinions and fancies are found to be as various 
 as the severall faces and voyces. Howell, 
 Forreine Travell, sect. 1. 
 
 I meddle not with Mr. Boss, but leave him 
 to abound in his own sense. Bramhall, ii. 
 632. 
 
 ABRAID, to upbraid. The word is 
 still in use in the neighbourhood of 
 Whitby (see Robinson's Glossary). In 
 Willan's West Riding Yorkshire Glos- 
 sary (A.D. 1811) it is given as meaning, 
 to rise on the stomach with some degree 
 of nausea, a sense in which " upbraid " 
 and "reprove" are still sometimes 
 used. 
 How now, base brat ! what, are thy wits 
 
 thine own, 
 
 That thou dar'st thus abraid me in my land ? 
 Greene, Alphonsus, Act II. 
 
 ABRAMIDE, descendant of Abraham ; 
 a Jew: also called Abramite. 
 Alas how many a guiltlesse Abramide 
 Dyes in three daies, through the too-curious 
 
 Pride. Sylvester, Trophies, 1244. 
 O Jacob's Lanthorn, Load-star pure which 
 
 lights 
 
 On these rough Seas the rest of Abramites. 
 Ibid. The Captaines, 801. 
 
 ABSCESSION, departure. 
 
 Neither justly excommunicated out of that 
 particular Church to which he was orderly 
 joyned, nor excommunicating himself by 
 voluntary Schisme, declared abscession, separ- 
 ation, or apostasie. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 37. 
 
 ABSOLUTION, a sweeping away. 
 
 But grant it true [that the Liturgy ordered 
 too many ceremonies], not a total absolution, 
 but a reformation thereof may hence be 
 inferred. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. x. 8. 
 
 ACADEMICALS, cap and gown. 
 
 At first he caught up his cap and gown, as 
 though he were going out. . . On second 
 thoughts, however, he threw his academicals
 
 ACCESSIVE 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 ACORN-BALL 
 
 back on to the sofa. Huyhes, Tom Brawn at 
 Oxford, ch. xix. 
 
 ACCESSIVE, contributory. 
 
 God "opened the eyes of one that was 
 born blind," and had increased this csecity by 
 his own accessive and excessive wickedness. 
 Adams, ii. 379. 
 
 ACCIPITRAL, pertaining to a hawk or 
 falcon. 
 
 My learned friends ! most swift, sharp are 
 you ; of temper most accipitral, hawkish, 
 aquiline, not to say vulturish. Carh/le,Misc., 
 iv. 245. 
 
 ACCLAMATOR, shouter ; cheerer. 
 
 He went almost the whole way with his 
 hat in his hand, saluting the ladys and 
 acclamators who had filled the windows with 
 their beauty, and the aire with Vive le Roy. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 7, 1651. 
 
 ACCLEARMENT, vindication. 
 The acclearment is fair, and the proof 
 nothing. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 148. 
 
 ACCOMPANYIST, one who plays the 
 musical accompaniment to a song. 
 
 A young lady proceeded to entertain the 
 company with a ballad in four verses, be- 
 tween each of which the accompanyist played 
 the melody all through, as loud as he could. 
 Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xxvi. 
 
 ACCOMFASS, to bring about ; to ac- 
 quire. 
 
 The remotion of two such impediments is 
 not commonly accompass'd by one head- 
 piece. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 42. 
 
 [He] had accompassed such knowledge in a 
 quarter of a year that he gave satisfaction. 
 Ibid. ii. 42. 
 
 ACCOMPLISH, to render accomplished. 
 
 His lady is open, chatty, fond of her chil- 
 dren, and anxious to accomplish them. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 202. 
 
 ACCOST, sb. address. 
 
 By his aid 
 
 (Not gifted with that affable accost, 
 And personal grace which bids my cousin 
 
 trust 
 
 In his own prowess conquering and to con- 
 quer) 
 I hoped to triumph in affairs of love. 
 
 Taylor, St. Clement's Eve, i. 3. 
 
 ACCURTATION, shortening. 
 
 Albeyt E bee thee last letter, that must 
 not salve M. from accurtation. Stanyhurst, 
 Viryil (To the Reader). 
 
 ACCUSE, to indicate ; show signs of 
 (cf. KdTnjopilv, accuser). 
 
 The princes, who were to part from the 
 greatest fortunes, did in their countenances 
 accuse no point of fear, but . . . taught them 
 
 at one instant to promise themselves the 
 best, and yet to despise the worst. Sidney, 
 Arcadia, p. 124. 
 
 Amphialus answered in honourable sort, 
 but with such excusing himself, that more 
 and more accused his love to Philoclea. 
 Ibid. p. 144. 
 
 ACCUSTOMED, frequented. 
 
 A 'weU.-accustom'd house, a handsome bar- 
 keeper, with clean, obliging drawers, soon get 
 the master an estate. Centlivre, Hold Stroke 
 for a Wife, I. i. 
 
 "VVildgoose, seeing a number of people 
 drinking under a tree at the door, observed to 
 my landlord that his seemed to be a well- 
 accustomed house. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, 
 Bk. IX. ch. vi. 
 
 ACCUSTOMEDLY, usually. 
 For certain hours it accustomedly for- 
 beareth to flame. Sandys, Travels, p. 248. 
 
 ACEDY (a KrjSoc;), carelessness. 
 
 Though the mind be sufficiently convinced 
 of the necessity or profit of a good act, yet 
 for the tediousness annexed to it. in a dan- 
 gerous spiritual acedy, it slips away from it. 
 Up. Hall, Works, v. 140. 
 
 ACERB, bitter. 
 
 The dark, acerb, and caustic little professor. 
 Charlotte Bronte, Villette, ch. xix. 
 
 ACHELOIAN HORN. Hercules in a 
 contest with Achelous, who had changed 
 himself into an ox, broke one of his 
 adversary's horns. 
 
 Repair the Acheloian horn of your dilemma 
 how you can against the next push. Milton, 
 Animadv. on Memonst. Defence, sect. ii. 
 
 ACHOLITHITE, acolyte. 
 To see a lazy, dumb Acholithite 
 Armed against a devout fly's despight. 
 Hall, Satires, IV. vii. 53. 
 
 ACIDIFY, to sour. 
 
 Such are the plaints of Louvet; his thin 
 existence all acidified with rage, and preter- 
 natural insight of suspicion. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Eev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. iii. 
 
 ACORN. A horse foaled of an acorn = 
 an oak : so applied to the gallows. 
 
 I believe as how 'tis no horse, but a devil 
 incarnate ; and yet I've been worse mounted, 
 that I have I'd like to have rid a horse that 
 was foaled of an acorn [i. e. he had nearly 
 met with the fate of Absalom]. Smollett, 
 Sir L. Greaves, ch. viii. 
 
 ACORN-BALL, the acorn. 
 And when my marriage morn may fall 
 
 She, Dryad-like, shall wear 
 Alternate leaf and acorn-ball, 
 In wreath about her hair. 
 
 Tennyson, Talking Oak. 
 B 2
 
 ACOUST1CON 
 
 ADAM'S ALE 
 
 ACOUSTICON, belonging to hearing. 
 
 Ther's no creture hears more perfectly 
 then a goat, for he hath not onely ears, but 
 an acousticon organ also in the throat. 
 Howell, Parly of easts, p. 123. 
 
 ACQUAINT, to become acquainted, or 
 to seek acquaintance. 
 
 Though the Choiseuls will not acquaint 
 with you, I hope their abbe Barthelemi is 
 not put under the same quarantine. Wai- 
 pole, Letters, iii. 504 (1774). 
 
 ACQUIESCATE TO, to acquiesce in. 
 Do you but acquiescate to my exhortation, 
 and you shall extinguish him. Sidney, 
 Wanstead Play, p. 623. 
 
 ACQUIESCE, to rest (of things). 
 
 "Which atoms are still hovering up and 
 down, and never rest till they meet with 
 some pores proportionable and cognate to 
 their figures, where they acquiesce. Howell, 
 Letters, iv. 50. 
 
 ACQUIESCE TO, for the more usual 
 construction, " acquiesce in." 
 
 Neander sent his man with a letter to 
 Theomachus, who acquiesced to the proposal. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 123. 
 
 A man that will acquiesce to nothing but 
 strict demonstrations would do well to dis- 
 band from society. Ibid. p. 354. 
 
 Presuming on the unshaken submission of 
 Hippolita, he flattered himself that she would 
 . . . acquiesce with patience to a divorce. 
 Walpole, Castle of Otranto, ch. i. 
 
 ACQUIESCE WITH, acquiesce in. 
 
 "Wisdom does ever acquiesce vrith the 
 present, and is never dissatisfied with its 
 immediate condition. Cotton's Montaigne, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 I, as well as my nephew, must acquiesce 
 with your pleasure. Richardson, Grandison, 
 i. 134. 
 
 The two ladies . . . acquiesced with all he 
 proposed. Ibid. ii. 222. 
 
 ACRE-STAFF; plough-staff. 
 
 "Where the Husbandman's Acre-staff and 
 the Shepheard's-hook are, as in this County, 
 in State, there they engross all to them- 
 selves. Fuller, Worthies, Leicester (i. 561). 
 
 ACTABLE, practically possible. 
 
 Is naked truth actable in true life? 
 Tennyson, Harold, iii. 1. 
 
 ACTION, to bring an action against. 
 If you please to action me, take your 
 course. Gentleman Instructed, p. 525. 
 
 ACTIVEABLE, capable of activity. 
 
 So many activeable wits 
 That might contend with proudest birds of 
 
 Po, 
 
 Sits now immur'd within their private cells. 
 Return from Parnassus, iv. 3 (1606). 
 
 ADAMICAL, after the manner of Adam, 
 and so ia a nude state. Cf . ADAMITICAL. 
 In the first extract it = carnal, un- 
 regenerate. 
 
 Though the divel trapan 
 The Adamical man 
 
 The saint stands uninfected. 
 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 59. 
 Halbert standing on the plunging-stage 
 Adamically, without a rag upon him. H. 
 Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xlvi. 
 
 ADAMITES, a sect in the early Church 
 who professed to endeavour after the 
 innocence of Paradise, and went naked 
 like Adam. There was a sect of Adam- 
 ites in Germany in the early part of the 
 fifteenth century. 
 
 If all men had their own, and every bird 
 her feather, some of them would be as bare 
 as those that profess themselves to be of the 
 sect of the Adamites. Wolsey and Laud, 
 1641 (Harl. Misc., iv. 510). 
 
 The sun plays so warmly upon us, that 
 some people, who were of no religion before, 
 talk of turning Adamites in their own de- 
 fence. T. Brown, Works, i. 172. 
 
 ADAMITICAL, pertaining to or resem- 
 bling Adam ; hence, as applied to cloth- 
 ing, scanty. Cf. ADAMICAL. 
 
 Your behaviour del Cabo will not relish in 
 Europe, nor your Adamitical garments fence 
 virtue in London. Gentleman Instructed, p. 
 169. 
 
 ADAM'S ALE, water. Prof. De Mor- 
 gan, writing to M. Blot, mentioned this 
 common phrase as illustrating China 
 ale or beer as applied to tea. The ex- 
 pression was quite new to M. Biot and 
 other Frenchmen. He wrote back. 
 "ISA dam's ale qui charme tous ceux 
 de nos philologues a qui je la raconte " 
 (tf. and Q., 3rd S., vi. 46). Tom 
 Brown uses Adam by itself in the same 
 sense. Peter Pindar (p. 3) speaks of 
 " old Adam's beverage ; " and Adam's 
 wine is in Jamieson's Diet., with quota- 
 tion from Gait. 
 
 A Rechabite poor "Will must live, 
 And drink of Adam's ale. 
 
 Prior, Wande>"ing Pityrim. 
 
 Your claret's too hot. Sirrah, drawer, go 
 
 bring 
 A cup of cold Adam from the next purling 
 
 spring. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 11. 
 
 Even at the door of death he could not 
 drink what Adam drank, by whom came 
 death into the world, so I gave him a little 
 more eau-de-vie. Blackmove, Lorna Doone, 
 ch. Ixv.
 
 ADAPT 
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 ADONIS 
 
 ADAPT, fitted. 
 
 [Providence] gave him able arms and back 
 
 To wield a flail and carry sack, 
 
 And in all stations active be, 
 
 Adapt to prudent husbandry. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 1. 
 
 If we take this definition of happiness, and 
 examine it with reference to the senses, it 
 will be acknowledged wonderfully adapt. 
 Swift, Tale of Tub, sect. 9. 
 
 ADAPTMENTS, a word coined by Wai- 
 pole as more expressive than " con- 
 veniences " of what he wished to con- 
 vey. 
 
 All the conveniences, or rather (if there 
 was such a word), all the adaptments, are 
 assembled here that melancholy, meditation, 
 selfish devotion, and despair would require. 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 23 (1739). 
 
 ADDICT FROM, to estrange from ; dis- 
 incline to. 
 
 Fear of punishment will not reform such 
 persons as by affection conceived hath been 
 addicted from the expense of fish and the 
 observation of fish-days. Privy Council on 
 Fish-days, 1594 (Eng. Gamer, i. 302). 
 
 ADDITION. See quotation. 
 
 Milliner. Be pleased to put on the addi- 
 tion, madam. 
 
 Mrs. Dowdy. What does she mean now? 
 to pull my skin off, mehap, next. Ha, Peeper, 
 are these your London vashions? 
 
 Peeper. No, no, addition is only paint, 
 madam. 
 
 Centlivre, Platonick Lady, III. i. 
 
 ADDLE, to earn a north-country 
 word. See Peacock's Glossary, &c., 
 and an old example of its use in Halli- 
 teell, s. v. 
 Parson's lass 'ant nowt, an' she we'ant 'a nowt 
 
 when 'e's dead ; 
 Mun be a guvness, lad, or summut, and addle 
 
 her bread. 
 
 Tennyson, Northern Farmer, new style. 
 
 ADEEP, deeply. 
 
 And we shout so adeep down creation's 
 profound, 
 
 AVe are deaf to God's voice. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Ehapsody of Life's 
 Progress. 
 
 ADEMPT, taken away. 
 
 Receive thankfully, gentle reader, these 
 sermons faithfully collected without any 
 sinister suspicion of anything in the same 
 being added or adeinpt. Preface to some of 
 Latimer's Sermons, 1549 (i. 111). 
 
 ADIT, approach : usually employed 
 as a term in mining for an underground 
 
 passage, especially one by which water 
 is conveyed. 
 
 Yourself and yours shall have 
 Free adit. 
 
 Tennyton, Princess, vi. 
 ADJOINT, a helper ; joined on to 
 another. Nares has a single quotation 
 from Daniel to which Halliwell refers. 
 You are, madam, I perceive, said he, a 
 public minister, and this lady is your adjoint. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 108. 
 
 ADMINICLE, a help. It is also a Scotch 
 legal term = collateral proof. See 
 Jamieson. 
 
 The author would have the sacraments of 
 Baptism, and of the Body and Blood of Christ, 
 to be adminicles as it were. Cranmer, i. 37. 
 
 ADMINICULATION, prop or support. 
 
 Some plants grow straight, some are help't 
 by adminiculation to be straight. Racket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 217. 
 
 ADMIBABLES, wonders. For similar 
 instances see OBSERVABLES. 
 
 Sure in the legend of absurdest fables 
 I should enroule most of these admiralties. 
 Sylvester, third day, first week, 279. 
 
 ADMIRAL. See extract. 
 
 Admirall is but a depravation of Amirall 
 in vulgar mouths. However, it will never 
 be beaten out of the heads of common sort 
 that, seeing the sea is scene of wonders, 
 something of wonderment hath incorporated 
 itself in this word, and that it hath a glimpse, 
 cast, or eye of admiration therein. Fuller, 
 Worthies, ch. vi. 
 
 ADMISSIBLE, to be admitted ; allow- 
 able. The extract is noteworthy, as 
 showing that this word, so common now, 
 was not familiar in Richardson's time. 
 R. and L. illustrate it with one and the 
 same quotation from Sir M. Hale. Sir 
 T. Browne has admittable. 
 
 He used to pay his duty to me, and ask 
 blessing the moment he came in, if admis- 
 sible. (Is that a word, Harriet ?) Richardson, 
 Grandison, v. 64. 
 
 ADMONITORIAL, admonishing. 
 
 Miss Tox . . in her instruction of the Toodle 
 family, has acquired an admonitorial tone, and 
 a habit of improving passing occasions. 
 Dickens, Dombey and Son, ch. li. 
 
 ADONIS, a species of wig. 
 
 He [Duke of Cumberland] had a dark 
 brown adonis, and a cloak of black cloth, 
 with a train of five yards. Walpole, Letters, 
 ii. 206 (1760). 
 
 He puts on a fine flowing adonis or white 
 periwig. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. III. 
 ch. xix.
 
 ADONISE 
 
 AD VI SI VE 
 
 ADONISE, to dress, or make beautiful, 
 like Adonis. Fr. sadoniser. 
 
 " I must go and adonise a little myself." 
 The company then separated to perform the 
 important offices of the toilette. Miss Fer- 
 rier, Marriage, ch. ix. 
 
 ADOPTABILITY, that which can be 
 made use of or adopted. See extract, 
 t. v. ADOPTABLE. 
 
 ADOPTABLE, capable of being adopted. 
 
 The Liturgy, or adaptable and generally 
 adopted set of prayers and prayer-method, 
 was what we can call the Select Adoptabili- 
 ties, Select Beauties well edited (by (Ecu- 
 menic Councils and other Useful-Knowledge 
 Societies) from that wide waste imbroglio 
 of prayers already extant and accumulated, 
 good and bad. Carlyle, Past and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch. xvii. 
 
 ADORATE, to adore. 
 
 A king this moment, that kings adorate, 
 The next, a corse, slaves loath to look vpon. 
 Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 27. 
 
 ADORATORY, place of worship. 
 
 He found in what appears to have been the 
 same adoratory a decayed shin-bone sus- 
 pended from the roof. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. cxliv. 
 
 ADORE, to invoke. 
 
 "What greater wall and barre than the 
 ocean ? Wherewith the Britans being fensed 
 and inclosed, doe yet adore the Romans 
 forces. Holland's Camden, p. 46. 
 
 ABSOLVE, to resolve. 
 
 Durst my sonne 
 
 Adsolve to runne beyond sea to the warres? 
 Chapman, All Fooles, ii. 1. 
 
 ADULATOR, flatterer. 
 
 An adulator pleases and prepossesses them 
 with his dawbing. T. Brown, Works, iv. 305. 
 
 At the beginning of the Exhibition the 
 public papers swarmed with these self-adu- 
 lators. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 131, note. 
 
 Your field of preferment was the Versailles 
 CEil de Bceuf, and a Grand Monarque walk- 
 ing encircled with scarlet women and adu- 
 lators there. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 75. 
 
 ADULATRESS, female flatterer. 
 
 Indiana, when the first novelty of tete-a- 
 tetes was over, wished again for the constant 
 adulatress of her charms and endowments. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. X. ch. xiv. 
 
 ADULTAGE, maturity ; or have two 
 words been run by the printer into one ? 
 
 "Was not this suit come to adultage for 
 tryal after seventeen years vexation in it 
 first and last? Racket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 75. 
 
 ADULTERISE, to commit adultery. 
 
 "Where did God ever will thee to lie, to 
 swear, to oppress, to adulterise? Adams, 
 ii. 365. 
 
 ADUMBER, to shadow or cloud. 
 Serene thy Vfoe-adumbred front, sweet Saint, 
 Davies, Holy Rood, p. 26. 
 
 ADUMBRATIVE, shadowing forth. 
 
 "We claim to stand there as mute monu- 
 ments, pathetically adumbrative of much. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 ADVANTAGE, the thirteenth in the 
 baker's dozen. The parenthesis in the 
 quotation from Hacket is rather ob- 
 scure, but I suppose it to mean that the 
 accusations, though so many, were 
 short measure, on account of their 
 frivolous character. 
 
 If the Scripture be for reformation, and 
 Antiquity to boot, it is but an advantage to 
 the dozen, it is no winning cast. Milton, Of 
 Reformation in England, bk. i. 
 
 These prefer'd articles to his Majesty, and 
 the Lords of the Council, against their Dean 
 for misgovernment, three dozen of articles 
 (yet none to the vantage), that their num- 
 ber might supply the nothingness of their 
 weight. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 91. 
 
 When his Holinesse created twelve Car- 
 dinals at the request of the King of France, 
 he denied to make one at the desire of this 
 King of England. Surely it was not [but ?] 
 reasonable in proportion that his Holinesse 
 giving the whole dozen to the King of France 
 might allow the advantage to the King of 
 England. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. ix. 27. 
 
 ADVANTAGE SELF, to take advantage. 
 
 It is observed of wolves, that when they 
 go to the fold for prey, they will be sure to 
 advantage themselves of the wind. Adams, 
 II. 121. 
 
 ADVENTUREMENT, hazard. 
 Wiser Raymundus, in his closet pent, 
 Laughs at such danger and adventurement. 
 Hall, Satires, IV. iii. 34. 
 
 ADVIEW, to see ; observe. 
 All which when Artegall, who all this while 
 Stood in the preasse close covered, well 
 
 advnwed, 
 And saw that boaster's pride and graceless 
 
 guile, 
 
 He could no longer beare, but forth issewed. 
 Spenser, F. Queen, V. iii. 20. 
 
 ADVISIVE, monitory. The title of 
 one of Herrick's poems in his Hes- 
 perides (p. 249) is " A raraeneticall or 
 advisive Verse to his friend, Mr. John 
 Wicks."
 
 ADVOCATE 
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 AFFECTUAL 
 
 ADVOCATE, to invoke. 
 
 [The mercy of God] is not to be advocated 
 upon every vain trifle. Andrewes, Sermons, 
 v. 534. 
 
 ADVOCATION, an advowson. 
 
 Our . . . Counties, Honours, Castles, 
 Manours, Fees or Inheritances, Advocations, 
 Possessions, Annuities, and Seignories what- 
 soever, descended unto us . . . Parliament 
 Roll, I. Hen. 4 (Holland's Camden, p. 757). 
 
 "We see some parents, that have the dona- 
 tions or advocations of Church livings in their 
 hands, must needs have some of their chil- 
 dren . . . thrust into the ministry. Sander- 
 son, iii. 125. 
 
 ADVOKE, to summon. 
 
 By this time Queen Katharine had pri- 
 vately prevailed with the Pope to advoke the 
 cause to Home. Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. i. 48. 
 
 ADVOUZANCE, advowson. In iii. 17 
 of the same work Fuller spells it ad- 
 vowsanee. 
 
 He obtained licence from the King that 
 the University might purchase Advouzances 
 of spiritual livings. Fuller, Hist, of Camb., 
 ii. 38. 
 
 ADVOWSON, to obtain or present to a 
 benefice. 
 There moughtest thou, for but a slender 
 
 price, 
 Advowson thee with some fat benefice. 
 
 Hall, Satires, IL v. 10. 
 
 AEGROTAT, a Cambridge phrase (see 
 quotation) ; an ceyer is the correspond- 
 ing Oxford term. 
 
 I sent my servant to the apothecary for a 
 thing called an ayrotat, which I understood 
 . . . meant a certificate that I was indis- 
 posed. Babbaye, Passages from the Life of a 
 Philosopher, 37 (1864). 
 
 AEREOUS, airy ; unsubstantial ; frivo- 
 lous. 
 
 In cases doubtfull it is dangerous 
 T'admitte light Councells ; for for want of 
 
 weight 
 
 'Twil make the case to be more ponderous 
 
 The whilst such Councells prove Aereous. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 50. 
 
 AERIALITY, airiness ; unsubstantiality. 
 
 The very excess of the extravagance, in 
 fact, by suggesting to the reader continually 
 the mere aeriality of the entire speculation, 
 furnishes the surest means of disenchanting 
 him from the horror which might else gather 
 upon his feelings. De Quincey, Murder as 
 one of the Fine Arts, Postscript. 
 
 AFFATDATED, infatuated. 
 
 They who from the first beginning, or but 
 now of late, by what unhappiness I know 
 not, are so much affatuated, not with his 
 
 person only, but with his palpable faults, and 
 dote upon his deformities, may have none to 
 blame but their own folly, if they live and 
 die in such a stricken blindness, as next to 
 that of Sodom hath not happened to any 
 sort of men more gross or more misleading. 
 Milton, Eikonoklastes, Preface. 
 You'll see a hundred thousand spell-bound 
 
 hearts 
 
 By art of witchcraft so affatuate, 
 That for his love they'd dress themselves in 
 
 dowlas 
 And fight with men of steel. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van. Art, Pt. II. v. 2. 
 
 AFFECTATOR, affecter. In the original 
 the word is ajfectafores,which, of course, 
 suggested this form. N. has the parti- 
 ciple qffectate. 
 
 Those affectators of variety seem equally 
 ridiculous who, when they have spoken 
 barbarously once, repeat the same thing 
 much more barbarously. Bailey's Erasm. 
 Colloq., p. 79. 
 
 AFFECTION, motion or utterance. 
 
 The Apostles indeed spake from the Spirit, 
 and every affection of theirs was an oracle ; 
 but that, I take it, was their peculiar privi- 
 lege. Andrewes, Sermons, v. 57. 
 
 AFFECTION, to feel affection for. 
 This verb is not quite peculiar to the 
 Welsh-English of the Rev. Hugh Evans 
 (Merry Wives of Windsor, I. i.). The 
 participle affectioned (Rom. xii. 10) is 
 not very uncommon. 
 
 However we may affection our own, we 
 have showed no regard for their liberty. 
 Walpole to Mann, i. 141 (1742). 
 
 AFFECTIONATE, angry; impetuous: in 
 the extract from Brooks it means 
 affected. 
 
 He doth in that place affectionately and 
 unjustly reprove both the Bishop of Rome 
 and Alexandria. Whitaift, ii. 185. 
 
 "What bitterness and cursing was there 
 betwixt Bpiphanius and Chrysostom ! what 
 affectionate dealing of Theophilus against 
 the same Chrysostom ! what jarring betwixt 
 Hierome and Augustine ! Ibid. ii. 436. 
 
 In every action resolve to be discreet and 
 wise, rather than affectionate and singular. 
 Brooks, i. 226. 
 
 AFFECTIONLESS, impassive ; unswayed 
 by passion. 
 
 Vpon the Law thy judgements alwayes ground 
 And not on Man ; for that's affection-les ; 
 But man in passions strangely doth abound. 
 Sylvester, Quadrains of Pibrac, st. 85. 
 
 AFFECTUAL, belonging to desire, as 
 distinguished from act. 
 
 Lust not only affectual, but actual is dis- 
 pensed with. Adams, i. 205.
 
 AFFIDAT20N 
 
 ( 8 ) AFTERNOON MEN 
 
 AFFIDATION, assurance ; affidavit. 
 
 The Empresse swore and made affixation to 
 the Legat. . . The same oath and affixation 
 tooke likewise her brother Robert Earl of 
 Glocester. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 62. 
 
 AFFLICT, conflict. 
 
 The life of man upon earth is nothing else 
 than a warfare and continual afflict with his 
 ghostly enemies. Becon, ii. 542. 
 
 AFFRIGHTEN, to terrify. 
 
 Fit tales 
 
 For garrulous beldames to affriyhten babes. 
 Southey, Botany Bay Eclogues, iv. 
 
 AFRICANISMS. African provincial- 
 isms, such as mark the Latinity of some 
 of the Fathers. 
 
 He that cannot understand the sober, 
 plain, aiid unaffected style of the Scriptures, 
 will be ten times more puzzled with the 
 knotty Africanisms, the pampered meta- 
 phors, the intricate and involved sentences 
 of the fathers, besides the fantastic and de- 
 clamatory flashes, the cross-jingling periods 
 which cannot but disturb and come athwart 
 a settled devotion, worse than the din of 
 bells and rattles. Milton, Of Reformation in 
 Bnyland, bk. i. 
 
 AFTER-BALE, subsequent sorrow. 
 Let not women trust to men ; 
 They can flatter now and then, 
 And tell them many wanton tales, 
 Which do breed their after-bales. 
 
 Greene, Philomela. 
 
 AFTER-BIRTH, used metaphorically. 
 
 He finds a new charge, or rather no new 
 
 one, but the after-birth of the second cause, 
 
 heard and censur'd before about tampering. 
 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 133. 
 
 AFTER-DAY, a future day (the plural 
 is in L. and N., but in a somewhat 
 different sense). 
 
 But something whispers in my dying ear, 
 
 There is an after-da;/ ; which day I fear. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, ii. 13. 
 
 AFTER-DINNER is used adjectivally, 
 but less frequently as a substantive, as 
 in the second extract. 
 
 In after-dinner talk 
 Across the walnuts and the wine. 
 
 Tennyson, Miller's Daughter. 
 The barons swore with many words 
 Twas but an after-dinner's nap. 
 
 Ibid. The Day-dream. 
 
 AFTER-FRIENDS, future friends. 
 Or rather giue me (if thy grace so please) 
 The Ciuik Garland of green oaken boughes, 
 Thrice -three times wreathed about my 
 
 glorious browes, 
 
 To euer-witnes to our after-friends, 
 How I haue rescew'd my con-citizens. 
 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 44. 
 
 AFTER-HANDS, future labourers. 
 
 Tho' she perhaps might reap the applause of 
 great, 
 
 Who learns the one Pou STO whence after- 
 hands 
 
 May move the world. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iii. 
 
 AFTERHOOD, in subjection (?). 
 
 Remember that love is a passion, and that 
 a worthy man's reason must ever have them 
 afterhood. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 65. 
 
 AFTERINGS, the last milk of a cow. 
 See quotation, s. v. STRIP, and Jamieson, 
 s. v. Bp. Hall, quoted by L., speaks of 
 the afterings of our Lord's sufferings. 
 
 It were only yesterday as she aimed her 
 leg right at t' pail wi' t' afterinys in ; she 
 knowed it were afterinys as well as any 
 Christian. Mrs. Gashed, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 AFTER-MEAL, a late meal (aft-meal is 
 inN). 
 
 Why should not thy soul have her due 
 drinks, breakfasts,meals,under-meals, bevers, 
 and after-meals as well as thy body ? Ward, 
 Sermons, p. 28. 
 
 AFTERMEN. See quotation. 
 
 If thou comest hither .... yoked with a 
 crafty or a wilful foreman that is made be- 
 forehand, and a mess of tame aftermen 
 withal, that dare not think of being wiser 
 than their leader, or unwilling to stickle 
 against a major part, whether they go right 
 or wrong, or resolved already upon the ver- 
 dict, no matter what the evidence be, consider 
 what is the weight and religion of an oath. 
 Sanderson, ii. 268. 
 
 AFTER-MORN, the morrow. 
 
 On that last night before we went 
 From out the doors where I was bred, 
 I dream'd a vision of the dead, 
 
 Which left my after-morn content. 
 
 Tennyson, In Memoriam, cii. 
 
 AFTERNOON MEN, men who prolonged 
 their dinner and drinking far into the 
 afternoon. In the second extract Bp. 
 Earle seems to imply that theatres 
 formed the sole afternoon business of 
 law-students. 
 
 Beroaldus will have drunkards, afternoone 
 men, and such as more then ordinarily de- 
 light in drink, to be mad. Burton, Democ. to 
 Reader, p. 44 (see also p. 74). 
 
 Your Innes of Court men were vndone 
 but for him, hee is their chiefe guest and 
 imployment, and the sole businesse that 
 makes them afternoones men. Earle, Micro- 
 cosmoyrajihie (A Player).
 
 AFTER-SPRING 
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 AGRONOMIAL 
 
 AFTER-SPRING, fresh "strength. The 
 word is in L. in a different sense. 
 
 To recreate him, and to put an after-spring 
 into his decaying spirits, .... the Lord 
 Chancellor was created Viscount Brackley. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 30. 
 
 AGATHOKAKOLOGICAL, with a mingling 
 of good and evil. 
 
 Upon the ayathokakological globe there 
 are opposite qualities always to be found in 
 parallel degrees. Southey, The Doctor, ch. liii. 
 
 AGEMATE, one of the same age ; a 
 contemporary. 
 My father Anchises heere with do I cal to 
 
 remembraunce, 
 Whilst I beheld Priamus thus gasping, my 
 
 sire his ayemate. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 584. 
 
 AGENID, adopted "from A.S. agen, 
 own, proper ; agnian for agenian, to 
 own, to appropriate " (N. and Q., 5th 
 S., x. 409). The meaning is that 
 the Duke of Buckingham (to whom 
 the passage refers) was, as it were, 
 adopted by James I. 
 
 The royall Majesty, which first took him 
 into favour, ayenid and trained up for his 
 own turn by certain degrees in the most 
 pertinent affairs and mysteries of state. 
 Howell, DodoncHs Grove, p. 122. 
 
 AGENTESS, female agent. 
 
 I shall to-morrow deliver to your ayentess, 
 Mrs. Moreland, something to send you. 
 Walpole, Letters, ii. 31 (1757). 
 
 AGGEST, to heap together. 
 
 I have ever dissented from their opinion 
 who maintain that the world was created a 
 levell champian, mountains being only the 
 product of Noah's flood, where the violence 
 of the waters ayyested the earth, goared out 
 of the hollow valleys. Fuller, Ch. Hist., bk. 
 ix., Dedic. 
 
 AGGRAVATIVE, aggravation. 
 
 It is to be noted that as we rose up to 
 Oates's plot by a climax of aygravatives, so 
 we must descend to the Rye-House by a 
 scale of lenitives and emollients. North, 
 Examen, p. 319. 
 
 AGHASTED, struck with terror. 
 My limbs do quake, my thought aghasted 
 is. Sackville, Duke of Buckingham, si. 65. 
 
 AGITANT, agent ; one who makes him- 
 self busy about a matter. 
 
 The chief ayitant saw that this tryal upon 
 so firm a courage was uneffectual and ridicu- 
 lous. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 90 (see 
 also p. 208). 
 
 Now am I ready for any plot ; I'll go find 
 some of these ayitants. The Committee, 
 iii. 1. 
 
 AGNET, an innocent person ; a di- 
 minutive formed from Lat. agnus = 
 lambkin. Of. eaglet, lancet, &c. So 
 Agneta is a Christian name ; in Italian 
 Agnete. 
 Sad melancholly will bring us to folly, 
 
 And this is death's principall magnet ; 
 But this course I will take it never shall 
 make 
 
 Me look otherwise than an aynet. 
 
 Roxburgh Ballads, ii. 71. 
 
 AGONYCLITEE. The Agonyclytse were 
 a sect in the seventh century who always 
 prayed standing, as thinking it un- 
 lawful to bow the knee (a yow x\ivtiv). 
 To God he will not bow his knee, 
 Like an old Ayonyclitee. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 p. 361. 
 
 AGRAFF, clasp (Fr. agrafe). 
 
 A gorgeous hall 
 Lighted up for festival ; 
 Braided tresses, and cheeks of bloom, 
 Diamond ayraff, and foam-white plume. 
 L. E. Landon, Poems, i. 2. 
 
 AGREEABILITY, agreeablenesrs. L. 
 and R. have one and the same example 
 from Chaucer, where it signifies easi- 
 ness of disposition. L. marks it as 
 rare. Mad. D'Arblay thought she had 
 invented the word, which she uses 
 several times in her diary ; she also has 
 disagreeability, q. v. 
 
 She was all good humour, spirits, sense, 
 and ayreeaUlity. Surely I may make words 
 when at a loss, if Dr. Johnson does. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, i. 42. 
 
 Every winter there is a gay and pleasant 
 English colony in that capital, of course more 
 or less remarkable for rank, fashion, and 
 ayreeability with every varying year. 
 Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. xxxix. 
 
 AGREEMENTS (a Gallicism) = Fr. 
 agrements. 
 
 This figure, says he, wants a certain gay 
 air ; it has none of those charms and agree- 
 ments. T. Brown, Works, iii. 52. 
 
 AGRIN, on the grin. 
 
 That large-moulded man, 
 His visage all agrin as at a wake, 
 Made at me thro' the press. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, v. 
 
 AGRONOMIAL, belonging to the man- 
 agement of farms. L. has agrono- 
 mical. 
 
 Eapid as was Leonard's survey, his rural 
 eye detected the signs of a master in the art 
 agronomial.Lytton, My Novel, Bk. V. ch. ii.
 
 AID-SOU LDIER 
 
 ALCOHOL 
 
 AID-SOULDIER, an auxiliary soldier. 
 
 Paullinus . . . commanded the most choise 
 of the aid-souldiers. Holland's Camden, p. 
 54. 
 
 AIGRET, an ornament for the head. 
 Oh many an aigrette and solitaire have I 
 sold to discharge a lady's play-debt. Foote, 
 The Minor, Act II. 
 
 Stomachers and Paris nets, 
 Ear-rings, necklaces, aigrets. 
 
 Anstey, New Bath Guide, letter 3. 
 When at court or some dowager's rout, 
 Her diamond aigrette meets our view, 
 She looks like a glow-worm dressed out, 
 Or tulips bespangled with dew. 
 H. $ J. Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 104. 
 
 AIMWORTHINESS, good aim. 
 
 These worthy fellows waited not to take 
 good aim with their cannon, seeing the 
 others about to shoot, but fettled it anyhow 
 on the slope, pointing it in a general direc- 
 tion, and, trusting in God for aimworthiness, 
 laid the rope to the breech and fired. 
 Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. liv. 
 
 AIR, to set to music. 
 For not a drop that flows from Helicon 
 But ayred by thee grows streight into a song. 
 
 J. Cobb, Commendatory verses prefixed to 
 Ayres and Dialogues by H. Lawes (1653). 
 
 AIR, to take an airing. 
 
 A message from Mrs. Schwellenberg this 
 morning, to ask me to air with her, re- 
 ceived my most reluctant acquiescence. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, v. 4. 
 
 AIRGONATION, aerostation. Walpole, 
 writing in 1784, coins this word, and 
 airgonaut for aeronaut, those more 
 usual terms perhaps not being then 
 formed, though in 1786 Peter Pindar 
 uses aeronaut (p. 151, note). L. gives 
 Burke as an authority for aeronaut, but 
 as there is no reference, this does not 
 fix the date. See quotation, s. v. AIR- 
 GONAUT. 
 
 AIRGONAUT, aeronaut. See AIRGON- 
 ATION. 
 
 You know how little I have attended to 
 those airyonauts; only t'other night I diverted 
 myself with a sort of meditation on future 
 airgonation Walpole, Letters, iv. 375 (1784). 
 
 AIRWARDS, up in the air. 
 
 Eagles such as Brandon do not sail down 
 from the clouds in order to pounce upon 
 small flies, and soar airirards again, con- 
 tented with such ignoble booty. Thackeray, 
 Shabby Genteel Story, ch. iv. 
 
 AISLET, little ait or island. 
 He enjoyed a party of pleasure in a good 
 boat on the water to one of the aits or aislets 
 
 in the Thames. Miss Edaetcorth, Patronage, 
 ch. xix. 
 
 ALABASTRINE, of alabaster. 
 Another-while vnder the Crystall brinks, 
 Her alabastrine well-shap't limbs she shrinks, 
 Like to a Lilly sunk into a glasse. 
 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 1081. 
 
 ALAMODALITY, fashionableness. 
 
 Doubtless it hath been selected for me 
 because of its alamodality a good and preg- 
 nant word, on the fitness of which some Ger- 
 man, whose name appears to be erroneously 
 as well as uncouthly written Geamoenus, is 
 said to have composed a dissertation. Be 
 pleased, Mr. Todd, to insert it in the inter- 
 leaved copy of your Dictionary. Southey, 
 The Doctor, Interchapter xx. 
 
 ALARUM, a clock which will make a 
 considerable noise to awake people at 
 any hour at which it may have been 
 set. The word is frequent in Shake- 
 speare and other dramatists to signify 
 a flourish or alarm of trumpets. 
 
 She had an alarum to call her up early. 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxi. 
 
 ALBACORE, dolphin (Portuguese). 
 
 In the sea the fish which is called the 
 Albacore, as big as a salmon, followeth them 
 [flying fish] with great swiftness to take 
 them. T. Stevens, 1579 (Eng. Garner, i. 
 134). 
 
 The albacore that followeth night and day 
 The flying fish, and takes them for his prey. 
 Denny s, Secrets of Angling (Ibid. i. 166). 
 
 ALBERGE, house or lodging. Ital. 
 albergo, Fr. auberge, Sp. albergue, Eng. 
 harbour. 
 
 "We omit to speake of the great mens 
 Serraglios . . . the Alberges of Janizaries, the 
 several Seminaries of Spachies. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 33. 
 
 They [the Hospitallers] were conveyed to 
 their severall Alberges in Europe. Fuller, 
 Holy War, Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 At this day the knights of Malta, who 
 have but foure Albergies or Seminaries in all 
 Christendome, have three of them in France. 
 Ibid., Bk. V. ch. xxi. 
 
 ALCHYME, to pour over, or fuse. 
 True gold is alchymed over with a false 
 sophistication. Adams, ii. 53. 
 
 ALCOHOL. See extract. The word is 
 Arabic, and is applied to the black 
 sulphid of antimony, which is used as 
 a collyrium. Cf. Ezekiel xxiii. 40 in 
 Heb. and LXX. The idea of fineness 
 and tenuity probably caused the word 
 to be applied also to the rectified 
 spirit.
 
 ALDERMAN 
 
 ALL-FOURS 
 
 They put betweene the eye-lids and the 
 eye a certaine blacke powder with a fine 
 long pensil,made of a minerall brought from 
 the kingdome of Fez, and called Alcohole. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 67. 
 
 ALDERMAN, a Presbyterian elder. 
 Jamieson says that the word was 
 formerly used to denote a mayor in 
 Scotch boroughs. 
 
 A king is not obnoxious to be interdicted 
 or deprived of the Sacraments by their 
 aldermen, who can show no more for the 
 proof of such officers, with whom they 
 organize a Church, than the Pope can for 
 his unlimited jurisdiction. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 32. 
 
 ALE-HAUNTER, a frequenter of ale- 
 feasts or ale-houses. 
 
 Nor do they speak any better of the 
 Inferiour Clergy ... of whom they tell us ... 
 That they are Popish Priests, or Monks, or 
 Friars, or Ale-haunters. HeylirCs Hist, of the 
 Presbyterians, p. 281. 
 
 ALE-KEEPER, keeper of an ale-house. 
 
 One "William Quick, an ale-keeper within 
 the county of Devon, was suppressed by the 
 Justices of Assize. House of Lords, MSS. 
 temp. James I. (Arch., xli. 233). 
 
 ALEMBIC, to extract or distil. 
 I have occasioned great speculation, and 
 diverted myself with the important mysteries 
 that have been alembicked out of a trifle. 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 208 (1749). 
 
 ALIMENT, to nourish. 
 
 "Whilst they give the common people to 
 understand that they are busied about no- 
 thing but contemplation and devotion in fast- 
 ings, and maceration of their sensuality and 
 that only to sustain and aliment the small 
 frailty of their humanity it is so far other- 
 wise that, on the contrary, God knows what 
 cheer they make. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. 
 II. ch. xxxi. 
 
 ALIMENTIVENESS, feeling which in- 
 clines to taking nourishment. 
 
 We then assigned to man an organ of 
 alimentiveness, and this organ is the scourge 
 with which the Deity compels man, will-I 
 nill-I, into eating. E. A. Poe, Imp of the 
 Perverse. 
 
 ALL- ALIVE, very sharp or wakeful. 
 
 Never was there in woman such a sagacious, 
 such an all-alive apprehension as in this. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 133. 
 
 ALL ALONG, fallen at full length. 
 He that foots it best may be sometimes 
 found all along. Brooks, vi. 441. 
 
 I found a woman of a matchless form 
 Stretch'd all along upon the marble floor. 
 Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, Act II. 
 
 Feigning to slip, she fell all alone/, crying 
 out, as in the utmost agony, that she had 
 wrenched her ancle. Johnston, Chrysal, ch. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 ALL AND ALL, on the whole : usually 
 written " all in all," and is so written in 
 ch. xli. of the book quoted. 
 
 Take it all and all, I never spent so happy 
 a summer. Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, 
 ch. xxii. 
 
 ALL -BALL, the universe. 
 They'll tell thee how, when first the Lord 
 
 had spred 
 
 Men on the earth, and justly levelled 
 His strait long measure th' All - Ball to 
 
 divide, 
 
 He did for thee a plentious land provide. 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 1382. 
 
 ALL-FIRED, excessively ; out and out. 
 
 " I knows I be so all-fired jealous I can't 
 abear to hear o' her talkin', let alone writin', 
 to " " Out with it. To me, you were goirg 
 to say." Huyhes, Tom Brown at Oxford, 
 ch. xl. 
 
 ALLFORCHES. The Span, alforja = a 
 wallet ; hence applied in extract to the 
 stomach. 
 
 They humbly came their Majesties to greet., 
 Begging their Majesties to come and treat 
 On every sort of fruit their grand all- 
 
 forches ; 
 The couple smiled assent, and asked no 
 
 questions, 
 
 Resolved to gratify their great digestions. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 97. 
 
 ALL FOURS. A perfectly fitting com- 
 parison is said to go or run on all fours. 
 All four as in one or two of the sub- 
 joined extracts is less common. That 
 from Adams gives the saying in a 
 slightly different form. Ld. Coke {Lit- 
 tleton, I. i. 1) refers to the ancient say- 
 ing, " Nullum simile quatuor pedibus 
 currit." 
 
 All similitudes run not, like coaches, on 
 four wheels. Adams, i. 498. 
 
 You'll hardly find 
 
 Woman or beast that trots sound of all four ; 
 There will be some defect. 
 
 Marmion, Antiquary, Act. I. 
 
 I do not say this comparison runs on all 
 four ; there may be some disparity. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 387. 
 
 No prophecy can be expected to go upon 
 all fours. Southey, The Doctor, ch. xciv. 
 
 ALL-FOURS, a game at cards, popular 
 among the vulgar. See extract from 
 T. Brown, s. v. INSENSIBLE. Hence in 
 The Rovers (Act II.) Canning, design- 
 ing to ridicule a scene in a German
 
 ALL-HOLLANTIDE ( 12 
 
 ALMER 
 
 p ay in which the characters were dis- 
 covered playing chess, introduces his 
 as playing all-fours. See the passage 
 quoted, s. v. NODDY, where some other 
 terms connected with the game will be 
 found. 
 
 Sq. Richard. She and I, mayhap, will have 
 a bawt at all-fours without you. 
 
 Sir Fr. Noa, noa, Dick, that won't do 
 neither ; you mun learn to make one at 
 ombre here, child. Gibber, Prov. Husband, 
 Act II. 
 
 The doctor's friend was in the positive 
 degree of hoarseness, puffiness, red-facedness, 
 all-fours, tobacco, dirt, and brandy ; the doc- 
 tor in the comparative, hoarser, puffier, more 
 red-faced, more all-fourey, tobaccoer, dirtier, 
 and brandier. Dickens, Little Dorrit, ch. vi. 
 
 ALL-HOLLANTIDE, All Hallows-tide, or 
 All Saints-tide. See H. 
 He'll give her a black eye within these three 
 
 days, 
 
 Beat half her teeth out by All-hallontide, 
 And break the little household stuff they 
 
 have. 
 
 Jonson, Fletcher, and Middleton, 
 The Widow, Act V. 
 
 Lincoln is kept in close imprisonment from 
 All-hollantide till the end of Christmas. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 131. 
 
 ALLIEMAN, relation by marriage. 
 
 There was not a gentleman in the two 
 counties of Carnarvon and Anglesey, of three 
 hundred pounds a yeer, but was his kinsman 
 or allieinan in the fourth degree. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., XI. iv. 9. 
 
 ALLIGHTEN, to lighten. 
 
 Another died, whereby their boat was 
 somewhat alliyhtned. Fuller, Worthies, Dor- 
 setshire, i. 314. 
 
 ALLMIGHT, almightiness. 
 Our Christ the sonue of God, chief authour of 
 
 all good, 
 Was He by His allmight that first created 
 
 man. 
 Puttenham, A rt of Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. six. 
 
 ALLOGIAMENT, lodging ; quarters : an 
 Italian word Anglicized. 
 
 The allogiaments of the garrison are uni- 
 forme. Evelyn, Diary, March 23, 1644. 
 
 ALLOWANCE, to put on an allowance. 
 
 You have had as much as you can eat, 
 you're asked if you want any more, and you 
 answer " no." Then don't you ever go and 
 say you were allowanced, mind that. Dick- 
 ens, Old Curiosity Shop, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 ALL - SCIENT, all-knowing : a hybrid 
 substitute for omniscient. 
 If there be God immortal!, All-sclent, 
 All-mighty, just, benign, benevolent ; 
 
 Where were his wisdom, goodnesse, justice, 
 
 power, 
 If Vice Hee damne not, nor give Vertue 
 
 dower. Sylvester, Little Bartas, 751. 
 
 ALL TO ONE, altogether. 
 
 It will be all to one a better match for 
 your sister: two thousand a year without 
 debt or drawback, except the little love-child 
 indeed. Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 
 ch. xxx. 
 
 ALLUDE, to compare mystically ; to 
 refer. 
 
 Some have alluded these three, gold, myrrh, 
 and frankincense, to the three theological 
 virtues, faith, hope, and charity. Adams, ii. 
 10. 
 
 Here will arise a quarrel for the Papists, 
 who, when they hear of this mount, they 
 presently allude it to their Church. Sibbes, 
 ii. 444. 
 
 Our Bishop was wont to say that Queen 
 Elizabeth's Parliaments were most tractable 
 which sate but a short time, ended before 
 they were acquainted with one another's in- 
 terests, and had not learned to combine, 
 which makes me allude it to Theophrastus' 
 date tree. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 84. 
 
 ALL UP, total failure or destruction. 
 
 " All is up and undone ! " cries Murphy. 
 Fielding, Amelia, Bk. XII. ch. vi. 
 
 A-double 1, all, everything; a cobbler's 
 weapon ; u-p, up, adjective, not down ; 
 S-q-u-double e-r-s, Squeers, noun substantive, 
 a educator of youth. Total, all up with 
 Squeers. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. Ix. 
 
 ALMAIN COMB. See quotation. The 
 translator's note says that no reflection 
 on German cleanliness is intended ; but 
 they wore their own hair, which they 
 would sweep out of their eyes with 
 their hand ; while the French, wearing 
 periwigs, were " seldom seen without a 
 comb in their hand." Grose gives 
 Welch comb, with the same meaning. 
 
 Afterwards he combed his hair with an 
 Alman comb, which is the four fingers and 
 the thumb. Urqultart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. 
 xxi. 
 
 ALMANOGRAPHEB, an almanac-maker. 
 
 We acknowledge the delicacy of the 
 almanographer, but at the same time it must 
 be plain to everybody that this means, Mer- 
 cury in infernal combination with the sun. 
 E. Rae, Land of the North Wind, p. 87 (1875). 
 
 ALMER, an ahnsgiver. 
 The churle that neuer chaunc't vpon a thought 
 Of charitie, nor what belonges thereto, 
 If God His grace haue once his spirit brought 
 To f eele what goode the faithful! aimers doe, 
 The loue of Christ will so his spirit wooe,
 
 ALMIGHTY-MOST ( 13 
 
 ALTERNACY 
 
 That heVill leaue barnes, corne, and bagges 
 
 of coine, 
 
 And land and life, with Jesus' love to joine. 
 Breton, Longing of a Blessed Heart, p. 10. 
 
 ALMIGHTY-MOST, the most all-power- 
 ful : a redundant expression, as almighty 
 does not admit of degrees. 
 Therefore, O People, let us Praise and Pray, 
 Th' Almighty -most (whose mercy lasts for 
 
 ay). Sylvester, The Captaines, 1287. 
 
 ALMIGHTYSHIP, omnipotence. It is 
 curious that in each of the two extracts 
 in which I have found the word the 
 reference should be to Jove and Danae. 
 She taught the amorous Jove 
 A magical receipt in love, 
 "Which arm'd him stronger, and which help'd 
 
 him more 
 
 Thau all his thunder did, and his almighty- 
 ship before. Cmcley, Essays (Avarice). 
 Not Jove himself such transports knew, 
 "When Danae's charms thd captive god 
 
 did hold, 
 Tho' he the pleasure to pursue 
 
 Mortgag'd his poor almighty ship to gold. 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 83. 
 
 ALMONDINE, a mineral of a red colour ; 
 precious garnet. 
 They would pelt me with starry spangles 
 
 and shells, 
 Laughing and clapping their hands between, 
 
 All night, merrily, merrily ; 
 But I would throw to them back in mine 
 Turkis and agate and almondine. 
 
 Tennyson, The Merman. 
 
 ALMS-PENNY, small charitable dona- 
 tion. 
 
 Father, here is an alms-penny for me ; and 
 if I speed hi that I go for, I will give thee 
 as good a gown of grey as ever thou did'st 
 wear. Peele, Old Wives Tale. 
 
 It's probable He gave them an alms-penny, 
 for which reason Judas carried the bag, that 
 had a common stock in it for the poor. 
 Barnard, Life of Heylin, sect. 104. 
 
 ALNASCHARISM, day-dreaming : the 
 reference of course is to the well-known 
 story of The Barber's Fifth Brother, in 
 the Arabian Nights. 
 
 Already with maternal alnascharism she 
 had, in her reveries, thrown back her head 
 with disdain, as she repulsed the family 
 advances of some wealthy but low-born 
 heiress. Miss Edgetcorth, Vivian, ch. i. 
 
 ALOFT is used more than once in 
 Cecilia for aloof. I did not mark the 
 first instance, supposing it to be a mis- 
 print. 
 
 Delville stood aloft for some minutes, 
 expecting Sir Robert Floyer would station 
 
 himself behind Cecilia. Mad. U'Arblay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 ALREADY, present : used adjectivally. 
 
 Lord Hobart and Lord Fitzwilliam are 
 both to be earls to-morrow ; the former of 
 Buckingham, the latter by his already title. 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 150 (1746). 
 
 ALSATIAN, a rogue, or debauchee, 
 such as haunted Alsatia or Whitefriars. 
 Alsatians are graphically described in 
 Scott's Nigel. 
 
 He spurr'd to London, and left a thousand 
 curses behind him. Here he struck up with 
 sharpers, scourers, and Alsatians. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 491. 
 
 ALSATIA PHRASE, slang or cant term, 
 such as was used by the ruffians of 
 Whitefriars. 
 
 The second instance to shew the author's 
 wit is not his own, is Peter's banter (as he 
 calls it in his Alsatia phrase) upon transub- 
 stantiation. Swift, Tale of Tub. Apology for 
 Author. 
 
 ALT. To be in alt, a musical term 
 applied to being in the clouds, or in a 
 passion, or in an exalted frame of mind. 
 
 The fair fugitive was all in alt. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlmce, v. 145. 
 
 Sophy. Moderate, moderato, madam ! your 
 ladyship's absolutely in alt. 
 
 Lady S. In alt, madam ? 
 
 Sophy. Yes, in alt. Give me leave to tell 
 your ladyship that you have raised your 
 voice a third octave higher siuce you came 
 into the room. Colman, Musical Lady, 
 Act I. 
 
 " Come, prithee be a little less in alt" cried 
 Lionel, " and answer a man when he speaks 
 to you." Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. II. 
 ch. v. 
 
 ALTARAGE. See second extract. 
 
 In the time of King Henry the Eighth 
 there came a great and mighty wind, that 
 rent down churches, overthrew altarages. 
 Adams, i. 67. 
 
 All the altaragia, the dues that belong to 
 them that serve at God's altar, and which 
 the laws of God and man bound to the altar, 
 they have loosened. Hid, i. 128. 
 
 ALTEL, altar. 
 
 If ... he come to church, take holy 
 water, hear mass devoutly, and take altel 
 holy bread, he is sure enough, say the 
 Papists. Bradford, ii. 314. 
 
 ALTERNACY, alternation. 
 
 Lorenzo's [sonnets] are frequently more 
 clear, less alembiques, and not inharmonious, 
 as Petrarch's often are, from being too crowd- 
 ed with words, for which room is made by 
 numerous elisions, which prevent the soften-
 
 ALTERNIZE 
 
 AMBITIONIST 
 
 ing alternacy of vowels and consonants. 
 Walpole, Letters, iv. 549 (1795). 
 
 ALTERNIZE, to alternate. 
 
 I only saw him once, but that was in a 
 tete-a-tete, alternized with a trio by my 
 son that lasted a whole afternoon. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, vii. 355. 
 
 ALTEZA, height. See quotation, s. v. 
 EXCELSITUDE. Nashe seems to use the 
 word as though it were naturalized. 
 
 ALTHOFF, although. Fielding re- 
 peatedly makes his uneducated charac- 
 ters use thof or althof. 
 
 He affected somewhat of the rustic phrase 
 of his own country, which was Gloucester- 
 shire ; as, to instance in a word, althoff 
 instead of although, as we pronounce. 
 North Examen, p. 510. 
 
 ALTIFY, to heighten. Fuller in his 
 Worthies (i. 234), remarking on the 
 Cumberland proverb 
 
 " Skiildaw, Lanvellin, and Casticand 
 
 Are the highest hills in all England," 
 says " every county is given to magnify 
 (not to say altify) their own things 
 therein." 
 
 ALTITUDES, passion ; excitement. 
 
 Clar. Who makes thee cry out thus, poor 
 Brass ? 
 
 rass. Why, your husband, Madam ; he's 
 in his altitudes here. 
 
 Vanbruyh, Confederacy/, Act V. 
 
 If we would see him in his altitudes, we 
 must go back to the House of Commons 
 . . . there he cuts and slashes at another 
 rate. JVbrtA, Examen, p. 258. 
 
 "The girl is got into her altitudes, Aunt 
 Hervey," said my sister. " You see, Madam, 
 she spares nobody." Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, i. 350. 
 
 Sophia. Sir, I have tried while I could to 
 treat you with some degree of respect ; you 
 put it out of my power ; resentment and 
 contempt are the only 
 
 Contrast. Clarissa Harlow in her altitudes ! 
 What circulating library has supplied you 
 with language and action upon this occasion ? 
 Bunjoyne, Lord of the Manor, Act II. sc. i. 
 
 ALVEARY, a hive. L. has the word, 
 but no illustration of the literal sense. 
 
 Ther's not the least foulnes seen in our 
 alvearies or hives, for we abhor all immun- 
 dicities and sordidnes, Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 137. 
 
 ALY, having to do with ale : as 
 applied to a nose red. 
 
 A coystrell 
 Whose crusty chaps, whose aly nose, 
 
 Whose lothsom stinking breath 
 
 Whose toothles gunims, whose bristled 
 
 beard, 
 
 Whose visage all like death, 
 Would kill an honest wench to view. 
 
 Breton, Toyes of an Idle Head, p. 55. 
 
 AMAFBOSE, amaurosis, a weakness in 
 the optic nerve causing loss or dimness 
 of sight. 
 
 She is back't 
 
 By th' Amafrose and cloudy Cataract, 
 That (gathering up gross humors inwardly 
 In th' optique sinew) quite puts out the eye. 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 377. 
 
 AMATEURISH, unprofessional ; in the 
 style of an amateur. See extract, s. v. 
 DILETTANTISH. 
 
 I found him standing in a stable . . . 
 superintending the somewhat amateurish 
 operations of the man who had undertaken 
 to supply the ostler's place. Black, Adven- 
 tures of a Phaeton, ch. v. 
 
 AMAZE, to be amazed. 
 A maze not, man of God, if in the spirit 
 Thou'rt brought from Jewry unto Nineveh. 
 
 Greene, Looking Glass for Ewjland, p. 119. 
 
 Madam, amaze not : see his majesty 
 
 Returu'd with glory from the Holy Laud. 
 Peele, Edw. I., i. 1. 
 
 AMAZEFUL, astonished. 
 The Queen, nigh sunk in an amazefu.ll 
 
 swoun, 
 Bespake him thus. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 1398. 
 
 AMAZONICAL, belonging to the Ama- 
 zons. 
 
 Theare wear Amazonical woommen with 
 targat. Stanyhurst, ^En., i. 475. 
 
 AMBASSADORIAL, pertaining to an 
 ambassador. 
 
 I had no occasion to be in such a hurry to 
 prepare your ambassadorial countenance. 
 Walpole to Mann, iii. 341 (1759) 
 
 AMBIDEXTERITY, versatility. 
 
 My father's disappointment was in finding 
 nothing more from so able a pen but the 
 bare fact itself, without any of that specu- 
 lative subtility or ambidexterity of argument- 
 ation upou it, which heaven had bestow'd 
 upon man on purpose to investigate truth, 
 and fight for her on all sides. Sterne, Tr. 
 Shandy, iii. 23. 
 
 AMBITIONATE, to aim at ambition. 
 
 These may be glad if they can preserve 
 the petty Provinces of their Parochial and 
 Independent Episcopacies which they so 
 infinitely ambitionated. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 252. 
 
 AMBITIONIST, ambitious man. 
 
 [Napoleon] lost head, as they say, and be- 
 came a selfish ambitionist and quack. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 146.
 
 'AMBLIGON 
 
 AMOUND 
 
 AMBLIGON, having obtuse angles. 
 
 The Buildings Ambligon, 
 May more receive than Mansions Oxygon, 
 (Because th' acute and the rect-Angles too 
 Stride not so wide as obtuse Angles doe). 
 
 Sylvester, TJie Columnes, 198. 
 
 AMBROSIATE, ambrosial. 
 Ev'n thus the Mercury of heaven 
 Ushers th' ambrosiate banquet of the gods. 
 Decker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, Ena. D., 
 iii. 181). 
 
 AMBULATE, to walk, or wander. 
 Now Morpheus . . . 
 
 Amused with dreams man's ambulating soul. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 43. 
 
 AMBULING COMMUNIONS. I had thought 
 that the remark of Lord Cecil at the 
 Hampton Court Conference referred to 
 the custom of the clergy walking about 
 the church, and giving the elements to 
 the people ; but Heylin (Survey of the 
 Estate of Guernzey and Jursey (1656), 
 Bk. VI. ch. v. p. 371), commenting on 
 the order that had been made in those 
 islands to receive the Holy Communion 
 either sitting or standing, observes, 
 " Our Synodists more moderate than 
 those of the Netherlands, who have 
 licensed it to be administered unto men 
 even when they are walking." 
 
 Lcl. Cecil. The indecencie of amlmling com- 
 munions is very offensive, and hath driven 
 many from the Church. Fuller, C/i. Hist., 
 X. i. 20. 
 
 AMEN, to end, as amen does a prayer ; 
 also to say amen to. 
 
 Yea verily, this very evening have I amen'd 
 the volume. Southey, Letters, 1812, ii. 281. 
 
 Who has not heard tue ancieut wurds ? 
 and how many of us have uttered them 
 knowing them to be untrue? and is there 
 a bishop on the bench that has not amen'd 
 the humbug in his lawn sleeves, and called 
 a blessing over the kneeling pair of per- 
 jurers ? Ttiackeray, Newcomes, ch. Ivii. 
 
 AMERICANISM, a word or phrase pe- 
 culiar to the United States, or originat- 
 ing there. Many so-called American- 
 isms are good old English. There is an 
 article on Americanisms in the Penny 
 Cydopcedia. 
 
 You know very well that quoting a foreign 
 language is quite different from using those 
 stupid Americanisms which are only fit for 
 negro-concerts. Black, Adventures of a Phae- 
 ton, ch. vii. 
 
 AMISSNESS, error. 
 
 God forgive us our amissnesses ! British 
 Bellman, 1648 (Karl. Misc., vii. 626). 
 
 AMMUNITION-BREAD, bread belonging 
 to soldiers' rations. 
 
 That great Achilles might employ 
 The strength designed to ruin Troy, 
 He dined on lion's marrow, spread 
 On toasts of ammunition-bread. 
 
 Prior, Alma, iii. 215. 
 
 The king . . allows them soldier's pay, 
 that is, five sols or twopence halfpenny a 
 day ; or rather, three sols and ammunition 
 bread. Smollett, Travels, Letter v. 
 
 AMNESTIA. R. says, " It is used in 
 the Latin form by Howell to denote 
 f orgetf ulness ; " and he cites from the 
 Letters, iii. 6. The extract shows 
 that the term was also used by him to 
 signify amnesty. Sanderson has the 
 Eng. form. 
 
 He required that every one should return 
 to his former obedience, offring an amnestia 
 for what had pass'd. Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 127. 
 
 AMORETTE. This word is variously 
 employed. In Chaucer's Romaunt of 
 the Rose, 892, it seems to mean a love- 
 knot (so Jamieson and L.) ; in Ibid. 
 4755 Tyrwhitt and L. explain it, "an 
 amorous woman." H. thinks that in 
 both passages it = a love affair, a little 
 amour, a sense which it certainly bears 
 in Walsh's Letters, as quoted by Latham. 
 N. cites a passage from Hey wood's 
 Love's Mistress where it signifies " a 
 love sonnet." In Puttenham's Arte of 
 Poesie, Bk. II. ch. xii., it appears to 
 denote " an amorous woman." In the 
 subjoined it = amorous looks. 
 How martial is the figure of his face, 
 Yet lovely, and beset with amorets. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 168. 
 Should Paris enter in the courts of Greece, 
 And not lie fettered in fair Helen's looks ? 
 Or Phoebus scape those piercing amorets, 
 That Daphne glanced at his deity. 
 
 Ibid. p. 173. 
 
 AMORING, love-making. 
 Whilst he, not dreaming of thy folly, 
 Lies gaping like a great Lob-lolly, 
 On Carian Latmus loudly snoaring, 
 Insensible of thy amoring. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 213. 
 
 AMOUND, to amount (?). 
 The countrey where they live Psychania 
 
 bight, 
 
 Great Psychany, that hath so mighty bounds, 
 If bounds it have at all. So infinite 
 It is of bignesse, that it me confounds 
 To think to what a vastnesse it amounds. 
 H. More, Life of the Soul, ii. 24.
 
 A MOVE ME NT 
 
 ANCHORITISH 
 
 AMOVEMENT, removal. 
 
 Iu like sort his brother Geffrey, a Knight 
 Templar, is put out of the Councell, both of 
 them much maligned by the Nobilitie, who 
 had often before laboured their amouement. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eiiy., p. 134. 
 
 AMPHIBION, an amphibious animal. 
 L. has it as an adj. 
 
 Kdward, the third of that name, ended his 
 life, having reigned a jubilee full fifty years. 
 A Prince no less successful than valiant ; like 
 an A mphibion, he was equally active on water 
 and laud. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. i. 12. 
 
 Man may be call'd the great Amphybiwm 
 of nature. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 139. 
 
 AMPHITHEATRAL, amphitheatrical. 
 Then furious windes to skies huge stones 
 
 eject ; 
 
 "Which, like a cp passe turnd about, erect 
 A Bound amphitheatral. 
 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 278. 
 
 AMULETTO, a charm, as against the 
 plague ; or perhaps in the extract it 
 means a disinfectant. The word had 
 assumed its English dress before this. 
 Amulet occurs in Browne's Vulgar 
 Errors. 
 
 Would you thrust a child into a pest-house 
 without necessity, and without an amuletto ? 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 166. 
 
 AMUSABLE, capable of being amused. 
 
 She had experienced somewhat of Madame 
 de Maintenon's difficulty (and with fewer 
 resources to meet it), of trying to amuse a 
 man who was not amusable. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. v. 
 
 AMUSE, amaze. 
 To sit o'erwhelm'd with thought, with dark 
 
 amuse, 
 
 And the sad sullenness of griev'd dislike. 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, IV. i. 
 
 AMUSER, a deceiver; especially by 
 procrastination, or raising side issues. 
 The verb is still so used. 
 
 The French are the greatest amitsers in the 
 world. If propositions are made which they 
 resolve not to accept, they will not directly 
 say so, but suspend and go upon other matter 
 which they intend shall have advantage by 
 the hopes of the former. North, Examen, 
 p. 137. 
 
 AMUZATORY, a diversion or dis- 
 traction. 
 
 But now (as an amuzatory to make the ill 
 governed people thinke they are not for- 
 gotten) the new chiefe Justiciar . . . procures 
 that 4 knights in every shire should inquire 
 of the oppressions of the poore. Daniel, 
 Hist, of England, p. 149. 
 
 AMYGDALOID, toad-scone. 
 
 Chattering stony names 
 Of shale and hornblende, ray, and trap, and 
 
 tuff, 
 Amygdaloid and trachyte. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iii. 
 
 ANAGLYPH, a symbolic writing known 
 only to the Egyptian priests : the hiero- 
 glyphs were understood by well-edu- 
 cated laymen. 
 
 The language of the world ... is an 
 anaglyph a spoken anaglyph, my dear. If 
 all the hieroglyphs of the Egyptians had 
 been A B C to you, still, if you did not know 
 the anaglyph, you would know nothing of the 
 true mysteries of the priests. Lytton, Cox- 
 tons, Bk. VII. ch. vii. 
 
 ANAGNOST (Gr.), reader. 
 
 King Francis . . . caused my books (mine, 
 I say, because several false and infamous 
 have been wickedly laid to me) to be care- 
 fully and distinctly read to him by the most 
 faithful and learned anaynost in this king- 
 dom. Urquhart's Rabelais, bk. iv., Ep. Ded. 
 
 ANALOGUE, something analogous or 
 answering to another thing. 
 
 The Basques speak a lingo utterly different 
 from all European languages, which has no 
 analogue, and must have come from a dif- 
 ferent stock from our ancestors. C. Kinysley, 
 1864 (Life, ii. 168). 
 
 ANALYSE, analysis. 
 
 He published a little tractate called the 
 Holy Table, under the name of a Lincolnshire 
 minister. The analyse of it may be spared, 
 since it is in many hands. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 104. 
 
 It is also used by Henry More, Mys- 
 tery of Iniquity, p. 276 (Hall's Modern 
 English, p. 175). 
 
 ANATHEMATE, to curse ; anathematize. 
 A countrey it seemeth anathemated for the 
 death of Christ. Sandys, Travels, p. 145. 
 
 ANAUT^STHESIE. More, in The Inter- 
 pretation Generall affixed to his writings, 
 defines this, " without self-sensedness 
 or relishing one's self." 
 
 Strong sympathy 
 
 Of the divided natures magick band 
 "Was burnt to dust in anautasthesie. 
 H. More, Life of the Soul, iii. 68. 
 
 ANAUT^ESTHET. More defines this, 
 " One that feels not himself, or at least 
 relisheth not himself." 
 
 Here Simon just became spotlesse anau- 
 tcesthet.H. More, Life of tlie Soul, iii. 67. 
 
 ANCHORITISH, hermit-like. 
 Him and his noiseless parsonage, the pen- 
 sive abode for sixty years of religious reverie
 
 ANCHORLESS 
 
 ANIMATE 
 
 and anchoritish self-denial, I have described 
 further on. De Quincey, Autob. Sketches, 
 i. 134. 
 
 ANCHORLESS, without an anchor. 
 
 My homeless, anchorless, unsupported mind 
 had again leisure for a brief repose. Miss 
 Bronte, Villette, ch. vi. 
 
 ANCOKIST, anchoress. 
 
 He gave a visit to a woman lately turn'd 
 an ancorist, and renowned for her holiness. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Yorkshire (ii. 498). 
 
 ANDABATES, fencers who fought on 
 horseback, hoodwinked. L. has anda- 
 batism = ambiguity. 
 
 "With what eyes do these owls and blind 
 andabates look upon the Holy Scriptures. 
 Becon, i. 331. 
 
 ANDIRONS. Pothooks and hangers is 
 an expression applied to written charac- 
 ters, but in the quotation the less appro- 
 priate andirons is employed. 
 
 San. He has sent his duty before him in 
 
 this letter, sir. 
 Ant. What have we here, pot-hooks and 
 
 andirons ? 
 
 San. Pot-hooks ! Oh dear, sir ! I beg your 
 pardon ; no, sir, this is Arabick. 
 
 (Jibber, Love Makes a Man. I. i. 
 
 ANECDOTARIAN, a retailer of anec- 
 dotes. 
 
 Our ordinary anecdotarians make use of 
 libels, but do not declaredly transcribe and 
 ingraft them into their text. North, Exa- 
 men, p. 644. 
 
 ANECDOTIC, given to anecdote. 
 
 He silenced him without mercy when he 
 attempted to be anecdotic. Savage, R. Med- 
 licott. Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 ANGELHOOD, angelic nature or charac- 
 ter. 
 
 Anyli, Angeli! (resumed 
 
 From the mediaeval story) 
 Such rose angelhoods, emplumed, 
 In such ringlets of pure glory. 
 Mrs. Browning, Song for Ragged Schools. 
 
 ANGERFUL, angry. 
 
 Ever when 
 Twould make God's Name redoubted among 
 
 men, 
 
 (In humane phraze) it calls Him pitiful], 
 Repentant, jealous, fierce, and angerfull. 
 Sylvester, The Arke, 205. 
 
 ANGERLESS, free from anger. 
 And shall a Judge se\f-angerless prefer 
 To shamefull death the strange adulterer ? 
 Sylvester, The Arke, 222. 
 
 ANGLED, applied by Sylvester to a 
 badger driven into an angle of his hole. 
 
 The word usually means having angles. 
 Cf. the modern slang " cornered." 
 The angry beast to his best chamber flies, 
 And (angled there) sits grimly inter-gerning. 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 538. 
 
 ANGLIZED. Anglicized is the more 
 usual form. Cf. KOMIZED, SCOTIZED. 
 
 These Norman lords in the next genera- 
 tion by breathing in English ayre, and wed- 
 ding with English wives, became so perfectly 
 Anglized and lovers of liberty, that they 
 would stand on their guard against the king 
 on any petty discontentment. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., III. ii. 56. 
 
 This Doctour was a Dutchman very much 
 Anglized in language and behaviour. Ibid., 
 Hist, of Cambridge Univ., viii. 16. 
 
 ANGOR, pain. See Latham. 
 
 For man is loaden with ten thousand lan- 
 guors : 
 
 All other creatures onely feele the angors 
 
 Of few diseases. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 607. 
 
 ANGUISHES, griefs (uncommon in the 
 plural). 
 
 Ye miserable people, you must go to God 
 in anguishes, and make your prayer to Him. 
 Latimer, i. 144. 
 
 This same outward man is further to be 
 regarded by us, forasmuch as his infirmities, 
 frailties, distemperatures, aches, and an- 
 guishes are so intimately felt by his divine 
 inmate. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 32. 
 
 ANHEALE, to pant. The extract is 
 from a translation of a Latin sermon 
 preached by Latimer before the Con- 
 vocation, 1536. 
 
 All men know that we be here gathered, 
 and with most fervent desire they anheale, 
 breathe, and gape for the fruit of our con- 
 vocation. Latimer, i. 51. 
 
 AN HIGH-LONE, quite alone. See H., 
 s. v. a-hiyh-lone. 
 But e'er this colt, we so did toil on, 
 Was foal'd, and first 'gau stand an high-lone ; 
 Bless us ! we had such thund'ring weather, 
 As heav'n and earth would come together. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 16. 
 
 ANIMADVERTISE, to inform or call 
 attention to. 
 
 Whole tribes of males and females trotted, 
 bargd it thither to build and enhabite, 
 which the saide kinges, whiles they weilded 
 their swords temporall, animadvertised of, 
 assigned a ruler or governour over them that 
 was called the king's provost. Nashe, Len- 
 ten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 151). 
 
 ANIMATE, to become lively; to re- 
 vive ; usually, to make lively. Cf. the 
 same writer's use of REANIMATE, q. v. 
 
 c
 
 ANKLE-BELL 
 
 ANTENA TED 
 
 Mr. Arnott, animating at this speech, 
 glided behind her chair. Jfad. D'Arblay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. I. ch. vi. 
 
 ANKLE-BELL, a bell attached to the 
 ankle. 
 
 The brutes of mountain back 
 That carry kings in castles, bow'd black 
 
 knees 
 
 Of homage, ringing with their serpent hands, 
 To make her smile, her golden ankle-bells. 
 
 Tennyson, Jferlin and Vivien. 
 
 ANKLE-DEEP, up to the ankles. 
 And brushing ankle-deep in flowers, 
 We heard behind the woodbine veil 
 The milk that bubbled in the pail, 
 And buzziugs of the honied hours. 
 
 Tennyson, In Jfemyriam, Ixxxviii. 
 
 ANKLET, orn imant for the ankle. 
 
 They strip her ornaments away, 
 Bracelet and anklet, ring, and chain, and zono. 
 Southey, Kehama, I. ii. 
 I would like to go into an Indian Brahmin's 
 house and see . . . slim waists cased in Cash- 
 tnir shawls, Kincob scarfs, curly slippers, 
 gilt trousers, precious anklets and bangles. 
 Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. xxviii. 
 
 ANKLE-WING. Mercury was repre- 
 sented with wings at his ankles (ta- 
 laria). 
 
 Such a precipitate heel, 
 Fledged as it were with Mercury's ankle- 
 wing, 
 Whirls her to me. Tennyson, Lucretius. 
 
 ANNAL-BOOK, history. 
 
 Bleys 
 
 Laid magic by. and sat him down, and wrote 
 All things and whatsoever Merlin did 
 In one great annal-book. 
 
 Tennyson, Coming of Arthur. 
 
 ANNIHILATE, to wear out. 
 
 Such as are not annihilated with labour 
 have no title to be recreated with liberty. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XL ii. 33. 
 
 ANNOMINATE, to name. 
 
 How then shall these chapters be annoini- 
 nated ? Soulliey, The Doctor, ch. viii. 
 
 ANNULAR. The Diets, give this word 
 = like a ring ; but annular-finger 
 means the ring-finger. 
 
 Then calling for a Bason and a Pin 
 
 He pricks his annular finger, and lets fall 
 
 Three drops of blood. 
 
 Eeaiunoiit, Psyche, v. 50. 
 
 ANOIL, to anoint, as in extreme unc- 
 tion. 
 
 Pope Innocentius I., in his Epistle i. chap. 
 8, saith that not only priests, but laymen in 
 cases of their own and others' necessities, 
 may anoile.Bp. Hall, Works, ix. 89. 
 
 Suppose then one that is sick should have 
 this Pica, and long to be annoiled; why 
 might not a lay-friend annoil as well as bap- 
 tize ? Racket, Life of Williams, i. 218. 
 
 ANONYMAL, anonymous. 
 
 Take the original thereof out of an anony- 
 mal croniclering manuscript. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Lincoln (ii. 9). 
 
 ANOREXIE, want of appetite. 
 One while the Bonlime, then the Anorexie, 
 Then the Dog-hunger or the Bradypepsie. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 450. 
 
 ANOTHER. The vulgar tu quoque, 
 you're another, which is part of the 
 slang of the streets, is, as might be 
 expected, not modern. 
 Hoister. If it were an other but thou, it were 
 
 a knaue. 
 M. Mery. Ye are an other your selfe, sir, the 
 
 lorde us both saue. 
 
 Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 5. 
 " You mistake me, friend," cries Partridge : 
 " I did not mean to abuse the cloth ; I only 
 said your conclusion was a non sequitur." 
 " You are anotlier" cries the sergeant, " an' 
 you come to that ; no more a sequicur than 
 yourself." Fielding, Tom Jones, Book IX. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 AXSERINE, pertaining to a goose. 
 When the flesh gives a shiver or creeps, 
 it is called goose skin ; according to 
 some a goose is then walking over 
 one's grave. 
 Nor the snake that hiss'd, nor the toad that 
 
 spat, 
 
 Nor glimmering candles of dead men's fat, 
 Nor even the flap of the Vampire Bat, 
 No anserine skin would rise thereat, 
 
 It's the cold that makes him shiver. 
 
 Hood, TJie Forge. 
 
 From the class of modern authors who 
 use really nothing to write with but steel 
 and gold, some no doubt will let their pens 
 descend to posterity under the designation 
 of " anserine " of course intending always 
 a mere figure of speech. E. A. Poe, Margi- 
 nalia, xi. 
 
 ANSWERLESS. An answerless answer 
 is one which offers no substantial reply, 
 while professing to do so. L. has an- 
 swerlessly, with quotation from Bp. 
 Hall. 
 
 Here is an answerless answer, without con- 
 fessing or denying either proposition. 
 Bramhall, ii. 627. 
 
 ANTENATED, born before the time. 
 
 Somewhat of the evangelical relish was in 
 them [the Sybilline prophecies] antenated, and 
 in being before the Gospels were written. 
 Hacket, L'fe of Williams, ii. 43.
 
 ANTHONY'S PIGS ( 19 ) ANTI-EPIGRAMMATIST 
 
 ANTHONY'S (ST.) PIGS. See extract 
 and H., s. v. Fuller tells us also that 
 this name was given to the scholars of 
 the City of London School. See ex- 
 tract, s.v. PAUL'S PIGEONS. 
 
 He will follow him like a St. Anthony's Pit/. 
 St. Anthonie is notoriously known for the 
 Patron of hogs, having a Pig for his Page in 
 all pictures. . . . There was a fair Hospital 
 built to the honour of St. Anthony in Ben- 
 net's Fink in the City ; the Protectors and 
 Proctors whereof claimed a priviledge to 
 themselves to garble the live Pigs in the 
 Markets of the City ; and such as they found 
 starved, or otherwise unwholesome for man's 
 sustenance, they would slit in the ear, tie a 
 bell about their necks, and let them loose 
 about the City. None durst hurt or take 
 them up (having this Livery of St. Anthony 
 upon them) ; but many would give them 
 bread, and feed them in their passage, whom 
 they used to follow, whining after them. 
 Fuller, Worthies, London (ii. 56). 
 
 ANTHROPOMOEPHOSE, to change from 
 the form of a man : at least this is the 
 sense in the extract, the only place in 
 which I have met with this verb ; but 
 anthropomorphites were those who at- 
 tributed a human form to one who had 
 it not, i. e. the Deity. 
 
 I humbly desire to see some of those human 
 cretures that you have anthropomorphos'd, 
 and transform'd to brute animals. Howell, 
 Parly of leasts, p. 3. 
 
 ANTHROPOSOPHIST, one who has 
 studied man ; but in the extract it seems 
 to be used in contradistinction to theo- 
 logian, and to imply one who does not 
 know much about God. 
 
 If folks would but believe that the Apos- 
 tles talked not such very bad Greek, and had 
 some slight notion of the received meaning 
 of the words they used, and of the absurdity 
 of using the same term to express nineteen 
 different things, the New Testament would 
 be found to be a much simpler and more 
 severely philosophic book than ' Theologians " 
 (" Anthroposophists" I call them) fancy. C. 
 Kingsley, Yeast, ch. xv. 
 
 ANTHROPOSOPHY, knowledge of men. 
 
 The veriest novice could not have made 
 his advances upon such an occasion more 
 awkwardly than our boasted professor of 
 anthroposophy. Th. Hook, Man of Many 
 Friends. 
 
 ANTIANARCHIC, opposed to anarchy. 
 
 This then is the fruit your antianarchic 
 Girondins have got from that levying of 
 war in Calvados Carlyle, Fr. Rev.. Pt. III. 
 Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 ANTI-BECKETIST, opposer of Becket. 
 Cf. BECKETIZE. 
 
 John of Oxford was . . a great Anti-Becket- 
 ist. Fuller, Worthies, Oxford (ii. 229). 
 
 ANTI-CAMERA, antechamber, or, if the 
 spelling is to be followed, the chamber 
 opposite the principal one. 
 
 The Great Seal and the keeper of it waited 
 two hours in the Anti-camera, and was sent 
 home without the civility of admission. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 205. 
 
 ANTICEBEMONIAL, opposed to cere- 
 monies. 
 
 It doth no where appear that our blessed 
 God is so Anti-ceremoniall a God as some 
 men hare vehemently fancied. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 97. 
 
 AxTICHTHONES (uvri %0wi/). people on 
 the other side of the earth ; at the 
 Antipodes. 
 
 Those A ntichthones which are on the other 
 side of the globe of the earth, are now [iu 
 darkness] while it is day with us. Bp. Hall. 
 Works, v. 478. 
 
 ANTICLINAL, inclining in opposite 
 directions : applied to a ridge from 
 which strata dip on either side. 
 
 I climbed a vast anticlinal ridge. C. Kings- 
 Icy, 1849 (Life, i. 174). 
 
 ANTICRONISM, confusion in dates. 
 
 This confounding so many Bacons in one 
 hath caused anticronismes. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 III. vii. 18. 
 
 Some justly quarrell at Virgill's fiction, 
 making Dido fall in love with Eneas, who 
 indeed was dead many years before her cradle 
 was made ; others have sought ingeniously 
 to solve the anticronisme in history by the 
 plea that she fell in love with his picture. 
 Hid., Worthies, Cheshire. 
 
 ANTIDEITY, an opposer or rival of 
 the Deity. 
 
 Know, Diu'lls incarnate, Antideities, 
 To make and marre are two repugnant 
 
 things. Dcivies, Mirum in Modum, p. 23. 
 
 ANTIDOMINICARIAN, one who would 
 abolish the Sunday. 
 
 The Sadducees might deny and overthrow 
 the resurrection, . . . OTiheAntidominicarians 
 the Lord's Day. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 283. 
 
 ANTI-EPIGRAMMATIST, one who writes 
 epigrams against or in answer to 
 another. 
 
 He was as good a Poet as any in that 
 age, and delighted to be an Anti-epigram- 
 matist to John White, Bishop of Winchester. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Surrey (ii. 339). 
 C 2
 
 ANT1EP1SCOPALIST ( 20 ) ANTIPATHISE 
 
 ANTIEPISOOPALIST, one opposed to 
 episcopacy. The running heading of 
 p. 603 of Gauden's Tears of the Church 
 is "Of Episcopacy and Anti-episcopa- 
 lists in Q. Eliz. dayes." 
 
 __ ANTIEVANGELICAL, opposed to the 
 gospel. 
 
 Those penurious practises and sacrilegious 
 principles which some men follow are as 
 much antievanyelicall as they are anti- 
 episcopall. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 577. 
 
 ANTIFAME, contrary report. 
 
 It is not worth the making a schism be- 
 twixt newsmongers to set up an ant if am e 
 against [a ridiculous report]. Fuller, Holy 
 State, Bk. III. ch. xxiii. 
 
 ANTI-FRIARIST, one opposed to friars. 
 
 He wrote also a smart Book on this Sub- 
 ject. . . Whether Friars in Health, and 
 Begging, be in the state of perfection ? The 
 A nti-Friarista maintaining that such were 
 Rogues by the Laws of God and Man. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Wilts (ii. 450). 
 
 ANTIFRICTION, antidote to friction; 
 smoother. 
 
 Oil of flattery, the best patent antifriction 
 known, subdues all irregularities whatsoever. 
 Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. viii. 
 
 ANTIFULIGINOUS, hostile to smoke. 
 And thou, O Michael, ever to be praised, 
 Angelic among Taylors, for thy laws 
 Antifaliyinous ; extend those laws 
 Till every chimney its own smoke consume. 
 Southey, To A. Cunningham. 
 
 ANTIG'ALLICAN, opposed to the French. 
 There was an Antigallican Society (see 
 extracts, v. GREGORIAN) established in 
 1745, to oppose French designs. See 
 Jf. and Q., IV. iii. 482. 
 
 Since it is so much the humour of the 
 Euglish at present to run abroad, I wish 
 they had antigallican spirit enough to pro- 
 duce themselves in their own genuine Eng- 
 lish dress. Smollett, France and Italy, Letter 
 vi. 
 
 ANTIGROPELOS, something to protect 
 the legs against moist mud (avri vypof 
 7f;\6c). 
 
 The edge of a great fox-cover . . . some 
 forty red coats and some four black . . . the 
 surgeon of the Union in mackintosh and 
 antif/ropelos. C. Kinysley, Yeast, ch. i. 
 
 Her brother had on his antigroptloa, the 
 utmost approach he possessed to a hunting 
 equipment. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. 
 vii. 
 
 ANTMNFANTAL, hostile to infants. 
 Gauden (Tears of the Church, p. 279) 
 
 speaks of " that Anti-infantall Christ 
 which they [Anabaptists] say is so pre- 
 dominant in them." 
 
 ANTI-KESAR, an opponent of mo- 
 narchy. 
 
 These waspish over-weeuing idle drones 
 Are mortal plagues to ev'ry Publike-weall ; 
 Eight anti-Kesars vndermyning thrones. 
 
 Dames, Microcosmos, p. 72. 
 
 ANTILITURGICALL, opposed to liturgy. 
 
 The graver sort even of Antiliturgicall 
 Preachers and people too . . . confine them- 
 selves to a more constant method aud form 
 of prayer. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 90. 
 
 ANTILITURGIST, one opposed to the 
 liturgy. 
 
 Our late Anti-liturgists thought set forms 
 of prayer might do well at sea, though not 
 at land. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 91. 
 
 ANTILOGY, contradiction. 
 
 Alas ! how miserably is truth torn by 
 antilogies and little better than scolding. 
 Tears of the Press, 1681 (Harl. Misc., iv. 
 449). 
 
 AXTIMAGISTRATICAL, opposed to ma- 
 gistrates. 
 
 All spirits which are antiepiscopall are in 
 some respects antimayistraticall, and most- 
 what antimonarchicall. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 556. 
 
 ANTIMATRIMONIALIST, one opposed to 
 marriage. 
 
 If she make a private purse, which, we are 
 told by anti-matrlmonialists, all wives love to 
 do, it goes all into the same family at the 
 long run. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 144. 
 
 ANTIMILITANT, peaceful or peace- 
 loving. 
 
 "What remained for an active militant 
 parson to do was to hold his own against all 
 comers. Her father, it is true, was an excep- 
 tion to this ; but then he was so essentially 
 antimilitant in all things, that she classed 
 him in her own mind apart from all others. 
 Trollope, Barchester Towers, ch. xxi. 
 
 ANTINATIONAL, unpatriotic. 
 
 The great power and compass of the 
 German language, which the vilest of anti- 
 national servilities obscured to the eyes of 
 those that occupied thrones, had gradually 
 revealed themselves to the popular mind of 
 Germany. De Quincey, Last Days of Kant. 
 
 ANTIPATHIC, causing antipathy. 
 Every one seems to have his antipathic 
 animal. C. Kimjsley (Life, ii. 41). 
 
 ANTIPATHISE, to be contrary or 
 opposed.
 
 ANTIPERISTEZE 
 
 ANYTHING 
 
 That which antipathises against one thing 
 sympathiseth with another. Adams, Works, 
 iii. 157. 
 
 ANTIPERISTEZE. Cowley (quoted in 
 H.) defines antiperistasis, "the oppo- 
 sition of a contrary quality by which 
 the quality it opposes becomes height- 
 ened or intended." One would have 
 expected the verb to be antiperistasize. 
 Davies, it will be seen, spells it ante. 
 But if the Soule through the Almighties 
 
 pow'r, 
 
 (Anteperistezing hir pow'rs with grace) 
 Breake through those muddy walls which 
 
 hir immure, 
 And would compel hir fowle affects t' 
 
 embrace ; 
 
 Shee then (sans pride) might looke God in 
 the face. 
 
 Davies, Mlrum in Modum, p. 15. 
 
 ANTIPHONETIC, returning the sound ; 
 rhyming. 
 Moore and Tom Campbell themselves admit 
 
 " spinach " 
 Is perfectly antiphonetic to " Greenwich." 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (CynotapK). 
 
 ANTIPRACTISE, to oppose. 
 
 Men that are sound in their morals, and 
 in minutes imperfect in their intellectuals, 
 are best reclaimed when they are mignarized 
 and strok'd gently. Seldom anything but 
 severity will make them anti-practise, for 
 then they grow desperate. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 95. 
 
 ANTIQUITARIAN, a contemptuous term 
 for one who would now be called a 
 medievalist. 
 
 I shall distinguish such as I esteem to be 
 the hinderers of reformation into three sorts : 
 (1) Antiquitarians (for so I had rather call 
 them than antiquaries, whose labours are 
 useful and laudable), (2) Libertines, (3) 
 Politicians. Milton, Of Reformation in Eng- 
 land, bk. i. 
 
 ANTIRUMOUR, to raise a counter re- 
 port. 
 
 The Queen's party gave out that the King 
 of France had sent over a vast army for her 
 assistance, and the King's side antirumoured 
 (who could raise reports easier than armies) 
 that the Pope had excommunicated all such 
 who sides against him. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. 
 viii. 14. 
 
 ANTI-SLAVITE, one opposed to slavery. 
 
 The whole controversy between slave- 
 holders and anti-slavites hinges on the proofs 
 from God's book. Dean, Life of Theodore 
 Parker, p. 181 (1877). 
 
 ANTITHET, opposite statement or 
 position. 
 
 It id sometimes true, the popular sayiug, 
 that sunshine comes after storm. Some- 
 times true, or who could live? but not 
 always; not even often. Equally true is 
 the popular antithet that misfortunes never 
 come single. C. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, 
 ch. xxvi. 
 
 ANTITYPAL, of the nature of an anti- 
 type. The Diets, have antitypical, 
 antitypous. 
 
 How am I to extricate my antitypal charac- 
 ters, when their living types have not yet 
 extricated themselves? C. Kingsley, Yeast 
 (Epilogue). 
 
 ANTIVITRUVIAN, contrary to Vitru- 
 vius, the well-known Boman architect ; 
 used as an epithet for those who undid 
 or destroyed architectural monuments. 
 
 Some of our late Architects or Antivitru- 
 vian Builders have endeavoured with their 
 axes and hammers to break down more good 
 Church-work in twice seven years than the 
 best master-builders can hope to repair in 
 seventy-seven. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 21 (Preface). 
 
 ANTI-WICLIFFIST, opposer of Wick- 
 liffe. 
 
 John of Milverton .... was a great A nti- 
 Wicclifist. Fuller, Worthies, Bristol (ii. 
 297). 
 
 ANTLING, a young ant. 
 
 Within the formicaries antlings were found, 
 too callow to push out-doors, but not far 
 removed from their maturity, who were of a 
 pale yellow colour. McCook, The Agricul- 
 tural Ant of Texas, p. 20 (1879). 
 
 ANTS PATHES, TO SEEK, apparently a 
 proverbial expression for very careful 
 seeking. There is no corresponding 
 expression in the original. 
 
 [After discussing the origin of the name of 
 the village of Over-Burrow.] But if it re- 
 cover the ancient name, it may thanke others 
 and not mee, although I have sought as 
 narrowly and diligently for it as for ants 
 pathes. Holland's Camden, p. 753. 
 
 ANYTHING. The comparison in the 
 subjoined quotation is often made still 
 by those who are at a loss for some- 
 thing more definite. 
 
 The same maiden, where the lokers on 
 quaked and trembled for feare, daunced 
 without any feare at all emong sweardes and 
 kniues, beyug as sharpe as any thyng. Udal j s 
 Erasmus, Apophih., p. 32. 
 
 O my dear father and mother, I fear your 
 girl will grow as proud as anything. Bich* 
 ardson, Pamela, ii. 57.
 
 ANYTHING A RI AN ( 22 ) 
 
 The tear-drop in his little eye again began 
 
 to spring, 
 His bosom throbb'd with agony, he cried like 
 
 anything. 
 
 Ingoldsby Leg. (Jfisadv. at Margate). 
 
 ANYTHIXGARIAN, a man indifferent 
 to all creeds. See also extract, s. v. 
 
 BIFARIOUS. 
 
 Lady Sm. "What religion is he of ? 
 
 Li. Sp. "Why, he is an anythingarian. 
 
 Lady Ans. I believe he has his religion to 
 chuse, my lord. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 They made puir Bobbie Burns an any- 
 thingarian with their blethers. C. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xxii. 
 
 ANYTHINGARIANISM, an indefinite state 
 of opinion. 
 
 Schiller's ' Gods of Greece ' expresses, I 
 think, a tone of feeling very common, and 
 which finds its vent in modern Neo-Platou- 
 ism Anyfhtngarianism. C. Kinasley, 1851 
 (Life, i. 215). 
 
 APART, to stop. 
 
 But when I saw no end that could apart 
 The deadly devvle which she so sore did make, 
 With doleful voice then thus to her I spake. 
 Sackville, The Induction, st. 14. 
 
 APAUSE, to bring to a stand-still. 
 
 With this saying he was apaused. Phil- 
 pot, p. 86. 
 
 APEAK. The anchor is said to be 
 apeak when the cable is drawn so as to 
 bring the ship directly over it. 
 
 The anchor was soon aped!*, the sails filled, 
 and we were under way. Wolcot, P. Pindar, 
 p. 162. 
 
 APEDOM, state of apishness. 
 
 The Gombroonians had not yet emerged 
 from this early condition of apedom. They, 
 it seems, were still homines caudati. De 
 Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 87. 
 
 APERITIVE, an aperient medicine. The 
 Diets, have it as an adj. 
 
 A physician was yesterday consulted, who 
 advised some gentle aperitives, as his strength 
 will bear it. Richardson, Grandison, iv. 311. 
 
 APHRODISIAN, pertaining to Aphrodite 
 or Venus : Aphrodisian dames = cour- 
 tesans. 
 
 They showed me the state nursery for the 
 children of those aphrodisian dames, their 
 favourites. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. 
 Ivi. 
 
 APIARIAN, pertaining to bees. 
 
 When we are told to go to the ant and the 
 bee, and consider their ways, it is not that 
 we should borrow from them formic laws or 
 
 apiarian policy. Southey, Tlie Doctor, ch. 
 xcvi. 
 
 APOCHA, a receipt. 
 
 The debt was not cancell'd to that rigid 
 and hard servant, for if he had his apocha or 
 quietance, to speak after the manner of men, 
 he were free from all insequeut demands. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 25. 
 
 APOCHRYPHY, to make apocryphal or 
 of doubtful truth. 
 Others dare venter a diuiner straine, 
 And rime the Bible, whose f oule feet profane 
 That holy ground, that wise men may decide 
 The Bible ne'er was more Apochryphide 
 Than by their bold excursions. 
 
 Davies, Paper Persecutors, p. 80. 
 
 APOLOGETIC, an apology. See quota- 
 tion, 8. V. DEPRECATORY. 
 
 It looks as if he wrote an apologetic to the 
 mob on behalf of the prisoner. JVbrf/t, "Ex- 
 amen, p. 305. 
 
 APOLOGICAL, parabolical ; of the nature 
 of an apologue. 
 
 To this silent objection Christ makes an 
 apological answer. Adams, ii. 106. 
 
 APOPLECTICK, one seized with apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 So often we see there is life in an apoplcc- 
 tick, though he seem to be dead. Hacktt, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 134. 
 
 APOSIOPESTIC, belonging to an aposi- 
 opesis, or a sentence left unconcluded. 
 
 He leapt incontinently up, uttering, as he 
 rose, that interjection of surprise so much 
 descanted upon, with the aposiopestic break 
 
 after it, marked thus, Z ds. Sterne, Tr. 
 
 Shandy, iii. 211. 
 
 APOSTEMATE, imposthume ; abscess. 
 
 Have you no convulsions, pricking aches, 
 sir, ruptures or apostemates ? Jonson, Fletcher, 
 and Middleton, The Widow, IV. ii. 
 
 APOSTEMED, corrupted. See APOS- 
 
 TUMED. 
 
 Now you see the heart has carried on the 
 contrivance, and from this apostem'd member 
 flows the corruption of atheism. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 252. 
 
 APOSTOLIQUESHIP, holiness (applied 
 to the Pope). 
 
 Some evill spirit of an heritique it is which 
 thus molesteth his apostoliqticship. ^Vashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 173). 
 
 AFOSTUMED, corrupted. See APOS- 
 TEMED. 
 
 There is in both of you, if it were well 
 taken to heart, enough to prick the swelling, 
 and let out the apostnmed matter of pride 
 from a many of us. Andrcwes, i. 161.
 
 APOSTYLE 
 
 APPROACH 
 
 APOSTYLE, to note in margin (the 
 noun is in Halliwell). 
 
 He apostyles that article with his own 
 hand, to be shown to this day in the MS. 
 extant in the Vatican Library. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 156. 
 
 APOTHEOSISE, to deify. 
 
 O exalted among birds, apotheosized goose ! 
 did not thy heart exult, even when thy liver 
 parched and swelled within thee? Lytton, 
 Pelham, ch. xxii. 
 
 APPAL, terror. 
 
 Nor think I but great Hector's spirits will 
 suffer some appall. Chapman, Iliad, xiv. 
 314. 
 
 APPASSIONATE, to influence with pas- 
 sion. R. gives appassionated as used 
 by Sidney (Arcadia, bk. ii. p. 210), 
 and seems to think the word peculiar 
 to him, but this is not so. 
 
 By your hyperbole and many other waies 
 seeking to inveigle and appassionate the 
 mind. Puttenham, Arte of Eiuj. Poesie, Bk. 
 III. ch. vii. 
 
 APPEALINGNESS, beseechingness. 
 
 It was ready sympathy that had made him 
 alive to a certain appealinr/ness in her be- 
 haviour towards him. G. Eliot, Daniel De- 
 ronda, ch. xxxv. 
 
 APPELLATE, to call. 
 
 One of these old soldiers was what the 
 Spaniards, with the gravity peculiar to their 
 language, call a Caballo Padre; or what 
 some of our own writers, with a decorum 
 not less becoming, appellate an entire horse. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxxvi. 
 
 APPLAUD, to congratulate. 
 
 I liue againe, and applaud myselfe in this 
 happinesse, and wish it might ever continue. 
 Hall, Epistles, Dec. II. Ep. i. 
 
 Neither speak I of gross sinners, not 
 grafted into Christ ; but even to those that 
 applaud themselves in their holy portion, 
 aud look to be saved. Adams, Works, iii. 
 89. 
 
 The covetous, when he hath gotten goods, 
 as if he had gotten the true good, applauds 
 his soul, as if it were the soul of some swine. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 17. 
 
 Can I do him all the mischief imaginable, 
 and that easily, safely, and successfully, and 
 so applaud myself in my power, my wit, and 
 my subtle contrivances ? South, Sermons, iii. 
 113. 
 
 APPLAUSION, congratulation. 
 
 The same Musicians came againe with this 
 last part, and greeted them both with a 
 Psalme of new applausions. Puttenham, 
 Arte of Enrj. Poesie, Bk. I. ch. xxvi. 
 
 APPLE-ARBITER, Paris. 
 Whom her beardless apple-arbiter 
 Decided fairest. 
 
 Tennyson, Lucretius. 
 
 APPLE-DRANE, a wasp. H. gives it 
 as n west country word (and the ex- 
 tract is in the Devonshire dialect), but 
 he spells it apple-drone. 
 
 Leek bullocks stiuged by apple-dranes, 
 Currautin' it about the lanes, 
 Vokes theese way dreaved and that. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 155. 
 
 APPLE-PIE ORDER, exact order ; per- 
 haps a corruption of cap-cb-pied. 
 I am just in the order which some folks 
 
 though why 
 
 I am sure I can't tell you would call apple- 
 pie. 
 Ingoldsly Legends (Old Woman in Grey). 
 
 APPLE-WIFE, apple woman. The ex- 
 tract will be found more at length ; s. v. 
 BREAD AND CROW. 
 
 Pomona, the first apple - wife. Nashe 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 168). 
 
 APPLIANT, obedient. 
 
 Pharao giving no credit unto Moses, the 
 prophet of God, but appliant unto the lusts 
 of his own heart, what time he heard of the 
 passage of God's people, having no fear or 
 remembrance of God's work, he with his 
 army did prosecute after, intending to de- 
 stroy them. Latimer, i. 86. 
 
 APPLICATOR, applier. 
 
 "Tis ridiculous ... to content themselves 
 either with no idoneous physitians and fit 
 medicines, or with such quacking applica- 
 tions and applicators as are no way apt for 
 the work. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 494. 
 
 APPORTIONATE, to apportion. 
 
 Those tiptirTnpia, fostering allowances, 
 were due to parents because they were 
 parents, yet by free apportiotiating them 
 according to the duty and wisdom of the 
 children, as they might provide for their own 
 posterity. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 75. 
 
 APPREND, apprehend. 
 
 "Wherefore the soul so full 
 Of life, when it raies out, with presse 
 
 presence 
 
 Oretakes each outgone beam ; apprends it by 
 advertence. 
 
 II. More, Sleep of the Soul, ii. 28. 
 
 APPROACH, a path or drive leading 
 to a house. Miss Edgeworth always 
 italicizes this word, as if it were scarcely 
 a recognized one in this sense. 
 
 Till the travellers arrived at Vivian Hall, 
 their conversation turned upon trees, and
 
 ARC HI VOLT 
 
 avenues, and serpentine approaches. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Vivian, ch. i. 
 
 APRONEER, a tradesman or shopman. 
 It seems to have been used contemptu- 
 ously by Cava'iers for the partisans or 
 officials of the Parliament party, many 
 of whom were of humble origin. Shake- 
 speare has "apron-men" (Coriolanus, 
 IV. vi.) ; so has Tom Brown ( Works, 
 iii. 292); and Gauden, p. 244 of the 
 work cited, speaks of " the apron 
 antipathy of a rustick, mechanick, 
 and illiterate breeding " to Church 
 ministers. 
 
 He is scared with the menaces of some 
 prating Sequestrator or some surly Aproneer. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 238. 
 Every sturdy aproneer 
 
 Arm'd with battoon did straight appear. 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, caut. 3. 
 
 APRON-STRING. We still speak of a 
 timid or effeminate person as tied to 
 his mother's apron-string, and this per- 
 haps is the meaning of the proverb 
 given by Udal ; one who has no wisdom 
 of her own, but is entirely dependent 
 on her mother's bidding. The speaker 
 in the second extract is a hen-pecked 
 husband. 
 
 We say in English, As wise as a gooce, or 
 as wise as her mother's aperen string. UdaVs 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 118. 
 
 He cursed the apron-string tenure, by 
 which he said he held his peace. Richardson, 
 Grandison, iv. 23. 
 
 A homebred lordliug, who, from the mo- 
 ment he slipped his mother's apron-strinys, 
 had fallen into folly. Miss Edyeu-orth, Helen, 
 ch. viii. 
 
 AQUA \ITJE MAN, usually meant a 
 seller of drams. N. has it in this sense 
 with references to Jonson and Beaumont 
 and Fletcher ; a more modern instance 
 is subjoined. In the first quotation it 
 means a quack who pretended to sell 
 the elixir of life. 
 
 I met with a story of an ancient Hebrew, 
 a reverend rabbi, who, that he might the 
 more lively convince the people in his time 
 of their neglect of practice in this excellent 
 grace, put himself into the habit of a 
 mountebank or travelling aqua vitas man, and 
 made proclamation of a sovereign cordial 
 water of life he had to sell. Ward, Sermons, 
 p. 21. 
 
 We journeyed over Alpine mountains, 
 drenched in clouds, and thought of harlequin 
 again, when he was driving the chariot of the 
 sun through the morning clouds, and so was 
 glad to hear the aqua vita man crying a dram. 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 216 (1749). 
 
 ARAPHOROSTIC, not stitched (Gr. a, 
 pa0), without a seam). 
 
 Do you think, because you are as impervi- 
 ous as an araphorostic shoe, that I, John 
 Eusselton, am equally impenetrable ? 
 Lytton, Pelham, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 ARBALESTRIER, a crossbow-man. 
 
 The arbalestrief s face, notwithstanding a 
 formidable head, was . . . gay and quiet. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxiv. 
 
 ARBITRATRIX, arbitress. 
 
 She is the greatest one knot of strength 
 in the Western world, and for the situation 
 fittest to disjoyn or unite her neighbour 
 forces, and consequently to be arbitratrix 
 and compoundresse of 'auy quarrel that may 
 intervene. Howell, Dodona's Grove, p. 4. 
 
 No! this is lier prerogative alone 
 
 Who Arbitratrix sits of Heav'n and Hell. 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xix. 168. 
 
 ARBOLIST, a cultivator of trees ; an 
 arborist, for which word it may be a 
 misprint (L. gives the subjoined ex- 
 tract ; s. v. arborisf), only in that case it 
 is misprinted again at p. 131. 
 
 They . . . are rather of the nature of the 
 mulberry, which the arlolists observe to be 
 long in begetting and keeping his buds, but 
 the cold seasons being pass'd, he shoots them 
 all out in a night. Howell, Dodona's Grove, 
 p. 11. 
 
 ARBOREAL, pertaining to trees. 
 
 He inferred that the soul of Xerxes must 
 once have animated a plane tree, and re- 
 tained a vivid feeling connected with his 
 arboreal existence. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 ccxv. 
 
 ARCHBISHOPESS, wife of an arch- 
 bishop. 
 
 Were he Archbishop of Canterbury, and 
 actually at my feet, I would not become 
 archlishopess. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, iv. 
 245. 
 
 AROHIEFISCOPALITY, the status of an 
 archbishopric. 
 
 Offa being dead, down fell the best pillar 
 of Lichfield Church to suport the archiepis- 
 copality thereof Fuller, Ch. Hist.,ll.ni. 39. 
 
 ARCHITECTURE, to build. 
 
 This was architecture thus 
 By the great Oceanus. 
 
 Ktats, FinyaFs Cave. 
 
 ARCHIVOLT, ornamental band of mould- 
 ings on the face of an arch. 
 
 The piers are enriched with groupes of 
 small columns supporting arches ornamented 
 with archivolts of mouldings enriched with 
 billeting. Archaol., xii. 164 (1796).
 
 ARCHOLOGY 
 
 ARMURE 
 
 ARCHOLOGY. See quotation. 
 
 That which Mr. Blakeslee, with a some- 
 what clumsy pedantry, calls archology, mean- 
 ing the science of government. Saturday 
 Review, 27th October, 1877, p. 530. 
 
 ARCH UP, to support or exalt. 
 
 Thus mutually arching up one another, 
 they [the Jesuits] filled the ears of all 
 Papists with loud relations of the transcend- 
 ent industry, piety, learning, of the men of 
 their society. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. viii. 19. 
 
 ARCTED, joined. 
 Thart no doubt a Goddessa, too Phoebus 
 
 sister, or arcted 
 Too Nymphs in kynred. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 315. 
 
 ARGUFY, to argue. II. says that he 
 believes he has heard it in the sense of 
 " signify." It clearly has this meaning 
 in the two first extracts, the second of 
 which is from a letter from Dr. Bur- 
 ney. 
 
 I've done, (she mutter'd) I was saying 
 It did not argufy my playing ; 
 Some folks will win, they can not choose, 
 But, think or not think, some must lose. 
 Shenstone, To a Friend. 
 But what argufies all this festivity ? 'tis 
 all vanity and exhalation of spirit. Mad. 
 D'Arllay, Diary, vi. 41. 
 
 I have no learning, no, not I, 
 Nor do pretend to argufy. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. v. 
 
 ARGUMENTAL, argumentative. Pope 
 is the earliest authority for this word 
 in the Diets. 
 Thus they dispute, guilding their tongues 
 
 report 
 "With instances and argiimentall sawes. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir R. 
 Grinuile, p. 49. 
 
 ARGUMENTATE, to argue : the word is 
 put into the mouth of a pedantic school- 
 master, 
 
 Nunc are you to argumentate of the quali- 
 fying of their estate first. Sidney, Wanstead 
 Play, p. 622. 
 
 ARIANISTICAL, Arian. 
 
 The eldest had just been baptised, and 
 introduced as a member of the arianistical 
 dipping community, where my master and 
 his family attended. Life of J. Lackington, 
 Letter xxix. 
 
 A-RING, in circumference. 
 
 It grew in two orchards of the king's, 
 whereof the greater was twenty days a-ring. 
 Adams, i. 369. 
 
 ARITHMOCRACY, the rule of numbers, 
 of a majority. 
 
 A democracy of mere numbers is no de- 
 mocracy, but a mere brute arithmocracy, 
 which is certain to degenerate into an och- 
 locracy, or government by the mob, in which 
 the numbers have no real share. C. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, Preface (1854). 
 
 ARITHMOCRATIC, belonging to an arith- 
 niocracy, q.v. 
 
 American democracy, being merely arith- 
 mocratic, provides no representation whatso- 
 ever for the more educated and more experi- 
 enced minority, and leaves the conduct of 
 affairs to the uneducated and inexperienced 
 many, with such results as we see. C. 
 Kinystey, Alton Locke, Preface (1862). 
 
 ARMIGEROUS, bearing arms (heraldic- 
 ally). 
 
 They belonged to the armigerous part of 
 the population, and were entitled to write 
 themselves Esquire in any bill, quittance, &c. 
 whatsoever. De Quincey, Essays (Bentley). 
 
 ARM ix ARM. Persons are said to walk 
 arm in arm when the arm of the one 
 is linked in or supported by the arm of 
 the other. 
 
 To see then this pair [God and Caesar] thus 
 near, thus coupled, thus, as it were, arm 'in 
 arm together, is a blessed sight. Andrewes, 
 v. 130. 
 
 ARM-IN-ARMLY, in a friendly manner. 
 
 A clerk who had observed them go out 
 together so arm-in-armly could not believe 
 it amicable, but followed them, and came up 
 just time enough to beat down their swords. 
 Walpole to Mann, i. 258 (1743). 
 
 ARMING-IRON, fish-hook. 
 
 He allowed that even Izaak "Walton of 
 blessed memory could not have shown cause 
 for mitigation of the sentence, if Ehadaman- 
 thus and his colleagues in the court below 
 had . . . sewed him, metempsychosized into 
 a frog, to the arming-iron with a fine needle 
 and silk. Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxii. 
 
 ARM-STRONG, powerful in the arms. 
 
 Alcides (the arme-strong darling of the 
 doubled night) by wrastliug with snakes in 
 his swadliug cloutes should prophecie to the 
 world the approaching wonders of his prow- 
 esse. Greene, Menaphon, p. 56. 
 
 ARMCRE. H. gives this word, with 
 references, as meaning armour, but in 
 the extract it signifies rather armed 
 force. 
 
 A certain countrie to the ende that it 
 might have quiet and rest, no more to bee 
 vexed with the armure and ordinaunce of 
 Alexander, offred vnto the same a good por- 
 cion of their possessions. Udal't Erasmus?* 
 Apophth.,p. 223.
 
 ARRACHEMENT ( 26 ) ASBESTON STONE 
 
 ARRACHEMENT, excerpt. 
 
 These precious souls of ours, the very ex- 
 nalations and arrachements, if I may so speak, 
 of the breath of God. Sanderson, i. 184. 
 
 ARREAR, to raise. 
 
 K. James. I wish that the doctrine of pre- 
 destination may be tenderly handled, lest on 
 the one side God's Omuipotency be ques- 
 tioned by impeaching the doctrine of His 
 eternal predestination, or on the other side a 
 desperate presumption arreared by inferring 
 the necessary certainty of persisting in grace. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. i. 20. 
 
 ARREAR, the rear. 
 
 Finally the arrear, consisting of between 
 three and four thousand foot, one hundred 
 men at arms, and six hundred light horse, 
 was led by the lord Dacres. Heylin, Reform- 
 ation, i. 92. 
 
 The 27th day brings in Sir Roger Chomley, 
 Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and Sir 
 Edward Mountague, Chief Justice of the 
 Common Pleas ; the Duke of Suffolk, and 
 Sir John Cheek on the morrow after, shut- 
 ting up the arrear. bid. ii. 83. 
 
 ARROSE, to bedew. 
 
 Your day is lengthen'd, and 
 The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you. 
 Tico Noble Kinsmen, V. iv. 
 
 ARROUND, to surround. 
 
 Or than Tiburnus woods and orchard- 
 grounds, 
 
 Moystned with gliding brooke which it 
 arrounds. 
 Heath's Odes of Horace, Bk. I. Ode vii. 
 
 ARROW, vulgarism for e'er a. 
 
 I don't believe there is arrow a servant in 
 the house ever saw the colour of his money. 
 Fielding, Tom Jones. Bk. V. ch. viii. 
 
 I now carries my head higher than arrow 
 private gentlewoman of Vales. Smollett, 
 Humphrey Clinker, i. 126. 
 
 ARROWLET, a small arrow. 
 
 As if the flower, 
 
 That blows a globe of after arrowlets, 
 Ten thousandfold had grown, flash'd the 
 
 fierce shield 
 All sun. Tennyson, Garcth and Lynette. 
 
 ART AND PART, a Scotch legal phrase 
 to express complicity, but common now 
 in England. 
 
 These [dreams] came from the old man 
 which is corrupt (Eph. iv. 22), who had art 
 and part, as the Scottish indictment runs, in 
 all our Bishop's persecutions. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 86. 
 
 He arose at his leisure, and strolled about 
 the room with as unconcerned an aspect as if 
 nothing had happened amiss, and as though 
 he had neither art nor part in this frightful 
 
 discomfiture. //. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 6. 
 
 My Lord Chancellor, 
 You have an old trick of offending us ; 
 And but that you are art and part with us 
 In purging heresy, well we might, for this 
 Your violence and much roughness to the 
 
 Legate, 
 Have shut you from our counsels. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, iii. 4. 
 
 ARTIFICIOUS, artificial. 
 
 Salt of a palish or greene colour ; the 
 which by a certaine artificious devise, they 
 boyle untill it bee exceeding white. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 268. 
 
 ARTLY, artificially. 
 
 A crabstock, if it have a cyen of some 
 delicate apple artly grafted in it, look what 
 branches are suffered to grow out of the 
 stock itself, they will all follow the nature of 
 the stock. Sanderson, i. 431. 
 
 ARTSHIP, artistic skill. 
 
 Th' Art ship rare 
 
 "Which gilds the Seeling of this Globe so fair. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 118. 
 
 ARTS-MAN, an artisan or artificer ; 
 usually the word means an artist or an 
 expert. N. observes that the term is 
 used for artificer in Chapman's Homer, 
 but gives no reference. 
 
 Like an oak, a poplar, or a pine, 
 New fell'd by arts-man on the"*hills, he 
 
 stretch'd his form divine 
 Before his horse and chariot. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvi. 448. 
 
 As, than. 
 
 How may the herte be more contryte and 
 meke as whan of very contrycon . . we aske 
 mercy and forgyuenesse of almyghty god ? 
 Up. Fisher, i. 210. 
 
 I stayed full four months, and never made 
 better cheer in my life as then. Urquharfs 
 Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxxii. 
 
 Darkness itself is no more opposite to 
 light as their actions were diametricall to 
 their words. Hotcell, Parly of Beasts, p. 48. 
 
 I rather like him as otherwise. Scott, St. 
 Kenan's Well, ii. 121. 
 
 ASBEST, Anglicized form of asbestos. 
 See next entry. 
 
 Th' Arcadian Asbcst being once enflam'd 
 
 Will ne'er be quencht. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 52. 
 
 ASBESTON STONE, a mineral substance 
 which is incombustible. The follow- 
 ing quotation points to another quality 
 which explains its derivation. 
 
 My mind is like to the asbeston stone, 
 
 Which, if it once be heat in flames of fire, 
 
 Denieth to becomen cold again. 
 
 Greene, Alphonstts, Act II.
 
 ASCEASE 
 
 ASSEMBLE 
 
 ASCEASE, to assess. 
 
 Lidford, now a small village, but in ancient 
 time a famous towne, which .... (as it is 
 written in that booke whereby William the 
 First tooke the survey and value of England) 
 was not wont to be rated and asceased at any 
 other time, nor otherwise than London was. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 199. 
 
 ASEITY, independent existence, i. e. 
 a se. 
 
 Tell me then, by what mysterious light 
 have you discovered that aseity is entail'd on 
 matter ? Gentleman Instructed, p. 425. 
 
 ASIDE, distant. 
 
 Whose worke this was the tiles there did 
 declare, being imprinted with these words, 
 Legio XX., that is the twentieth legion, 
 which, as I have shewed already before, abode 
 at Chester, scarce sixe miles aside from hence. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 681. 
 
 ASKED. Persons whose banns are put 
 up are said to be asked, or asked in 
 Church : on the third publication they 
 are said to be asked out. See OUTASKED. 
 
 He is commonly called King Edward the 
 Fifth, though his head was ask'd, but never 
 married to the English Crown ; and there- 
 fore in all the Pictures made of him, a dis- 
 tance interposed forbiddeth the banes be- 
 twixt them. Fuller, Worthies, Westminster 
 (ii. 105). 
 
 ASKER, a species of newt. 
 
 Tho' the anguish had the sensation of 
 glowing heat, it might, notwithstanding that, 
 be a bite as well as a burn ; and if so, possibly 
 a newt, or asker, or some such detested rep- 
 tile had crept up, and was fastening his 
 teeth. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, iii. 210. 
 
 ASKIXGLY, with an entreating manner. 
 How askitigly its footsteps hither bend ! 
 It seems to say, "And have I then one 
 
 friend? " Coleridge, To a Young Ass. 
 
 ASLEEP, numbed : in the second 
 quotation it = stunned. 
 
 His legge, flagging down by the horse's 
 syde, by litle and litle was all aslepe, and 
 in maner sterke stife. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 235. 
 
 So saying, she ups with her brawny arm, 
 and gave Susy such a douse on the side of 
 the head as left her fast asleep for an hour 
 and upward. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 82. 
 
 ASLOPEN, asleep. 
 The Major first began to open, 
 And rouse up Collin half aslopen. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 1. 
 
 ASMEAR, smeared over. 
 So I came into Smithfield, and the shame- 
 ful place, being all asmear with filth, and fat, 
 
 and blood, and foam, seemed to stick to me. 
 Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. xx. 
 
 ASPECTOR, beholder. 
 Huge Lyons, Dragons, Panthers, and the 
 
 like, 
 
 That in th' aspectors harts doe terror strike. 
 Daisies, An Extasie. 
 
 ASPER, a Turkish coin of small value : 
 its equivalent in English money is some- 
 what variously estimated in the follow- 
 ing extracts. 
 
 Every five men had allowance of but five 
 aspers of bread in a day, which are but two- 
 pence English. Sanders, Voyage to Tripoli, 
 1584 (Arler, English Garner, ii. 20). 
 
 Aspers, whereof twentie are neare vpon a 
 shilling. Sandys, Travels, p. 27. 
 
 The foolish paltry fellow 
 Shew'd me some trifles, and demanded of me, 
 For what I valued at so many aspers, 
 A thousand ducats. 
 
 Massinger, Renegado, i. 3. 
 
 ASQUAT, in a cowering or huddled up 
 manner. In the extract the word seems 
 to be used rather in invidiam than 
 with any very definite meaning. 
 
 There was the odious Solmes sitting asquat 
 between my mother and sister. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, i. 101. 
 
 ASSASSINI. The earliest instance of 
 assassin in the Diets, is from Bacon, 
 and somewhat later than the subjoined, 
 where the word still has a foreign 
 dress ; and is moreover used of those 
 Saracen fanatics from whom the more 
 general application of the term has 
 been derived. 
 
 Conrade . . . was murthered by two assas- 
 sini. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 100. 
 
 ASSEIZE, to seize. 
 Then laid they violent hands upon him ; 
 
 next 
 
 Himself imprisoned, and his goods asseized. 
 Marlowe, Edw. II., i. 2. 
 
 ASSEMBLATION, gathering. 
 
 The time and place of the assemllation was 
 generally notified, as also what learned 
 divine was to preach the funeral sermon. 
 North, Examen. p. 204. 
 
 ASSEMBLE, to compare or liken. 
 
 Bribes may be assembled to pitch. Lati- 
 mer, i. 188. 
 
 Consider how those preachers throughout 
 all this book are compared unto stars and 
 angels. . . . The other be assembled unto 
 most filthy locusts. Bale, Select Works, p. 
 379.
 
 ASSEVERATORY ( 28 ) 
 
 AST V CIO US 
 
 ASSEVEBATORY, positively affirming. 
 
 After divers warm and assevcratory answers 
 made by Mr. Atkins, the captain stopped 
 short in his walk. North, Examen, p. 247. 
 
 ASSIEGEB, besieger : the verb is in 
 the Diets. 
 Yet (tracting time) he thought he would 
 
 prouide 
 No lesse to keep, then coole th' assiegers 
 
 pride. Hudson, Judith, iii. 254. 
 
 ASSISOB, one who fixes the rate at 
 which things are to be sold. Daniel 
 (Hist, of Eng., p. 169) mentions "false 
 assisors " among those against whom 
 the writ of Trailbaston was issued. 
 See extract, s. v. TRAILBASTON. 
 
 ASSOCIATE TO, associate with. 
 
 They associate the ideas of pain to those 
 lessons and virtues which the pleasure of 
 encouragement ought alone to inculcate. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 110. 
 
 ASSOIL, solution. 
 
 "We dissemble againe vnder couerb and 
 darke speaches, when we speake by way of 
 ritldle (enigma), of which the sence can 
 hardly be picked out, but by the parties owne 
 assoile. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, Bk. 
 III. ch. xviii. 
 
 ASSUBTILE, to refine. 
 
 They came by instinct diuine, and by 
 deepe meditation, and much abstinence (the 
 same assuMiling and refining their spirits) to 
 be made apt to receaue visions, both wak- 
 ing and sleeping, which made them vtter 
 prophesies, and fortell things to come. 
 Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 ASTERIAL, having to do with the 
 stars. 
 
 If the deep learn'd asterial quacks 
 Paint Time to life In almanacks, 
 He has on brow a lock of hair, 
 But all his head beside is bare. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, p. 293. 
 
 ASTERISK, a star or shape of a star: 
 usually confined to that mark in print- 
 ing or writing. 
 
 The lauthorn is in the centre of an asterisk 
 of glades, cut through the wood of all the 
 country round, four or five in a quarter. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 258. 
 
 ASTERISK, to mark with an asterisk. 
 
 I need not asterisk the quaint words and 
 expressions : they stand forth and shew them- 
 selves. North, Examen, p. 279. 
 
 ASTORGY, want of natural affection. 
 See Rom. i. 31 ; 2 Tim. iii. 3, in the 
 Greek. Astorgy in the extract is per- 
 sonified. 
 
 Upon an Ostrich, more unnatural 
 
 Than barbarous She, rode meagre Astorgy, 
 
 Vowing aloud to tear in sunder all 
 
 Those cords with which true Love delights 
 
 to tie 
 
 The Souls of Parents and of Children, and 
 Shatter the links of every Nuptial Band. 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xxii. 107. 
 
 ASTOUNDMENT, astonishment. Lamb 
 uses the word again in the essay on 
 " Mackery End." 
 
 What a collegiate aspect has that fine 
 Elizabethan hall where the fountain plays, 
 which I have made to rise and fall, how 
 many times ! to the astoundment of the 
 young urchins, my contemporaries. Elia, 
 Old Benchers of Inner Temple. 
 
 ASTRACISM, starriness. 
 If Jove, esteeming me too good for earth, 
 Raise me to match the fair Aldeboran, 
 Above the threefold ostracism of heaven. 
 
 Marlowe, 2 Tamb., iv. 4. 
 
 ASTBAY, to stray away. 
 
 As oft as they astraid 
 From God their guide, He on their shoulders 
 
 laid 
 The barbare rock of Moab. 
 
 Hudson's Judith, ii. 352. 
 
 ASTROITE. See extract. 
 
 At Laffington near Gloucester are found 
 certain stones about the breadth of a silver 
 peny and thickness of an half-crown, called 
 astroites, or star-stones, being fine pointed 
 like a star and flat. They are of a greyish 
 colour, and the flat sides are naturally finely 
 engraven, as it were. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 Great Britain, ii. 326. 
 
 ASTROLATRY, star-worship. 
 
 To this succeeded astrolatry in the East, 
 and geolatry in the West. Cox, Mythol. of 
 Aryan Nations, i. 95. 
 
 ASTROLOGISE, to consider the various 
 motions and conjunctions, &c., as an 
 astrologer does with the stars. 
 
 I have elsewhere astrologised this case of 
 the faction prevailing at Oxford. North, 
 Examen. p. 301. 
 
 ASTROLOGUE, astrologer. Cf. phi- 
 lologue, theologue, &c., which are in the 
 Diets. 
 
 For I am a Physician too, 
 Chymistry know profoundly well, 
 An Aztrnlogue infallible. 
 
 D'Urfey, Plague of Impertinence. 
 
 ASTCCIOUS, astute ; subtle. Fr. as- 
 tucieux. Is the word, as an English 
 one, peculiar to Scott ? 
 
 Louis, . . like all astuciovs persons, was as 
 desirous of looking into the hearts of others
 
 ASTUCITY 
 
 ATTENTATION. 
 
 as of concealing his own. Scott, Quentin 
 Durward, i. 170. 
 
 It was indeed natural that one who seldom 
 saw things according to their real forms and 
 outlines should view them according to the 
 light in which they were presented to him 
 by a bold and astucious man, possessing the 
 claim of such near relationship. Ibid., Fair 
 Maid of Perth, ii. 59. 
 
 ASTUCITY, astuteness. 
 
 Consider Maximiliea Robespierre . . . with- 
 out head, without heart, or any grace, gift, 
 or even vice beyond common, if it were not 
 vanity, astucity, diseased rigour (which some 
 count strength) as of a cramp. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iv. 65. 
 
 Polymetis at any rate folds his map toge- 
 ther, and flings himself on bed, resolved to 
 try on the morrow morning; with astucity, 
 with swiftness, with audacity. Ibid., Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. I. Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 ASYLUM, a place for the reception of 
 lunatics. This sense is riot in the 
 Diets. S. Pegge in 1785 (ArckceoL, viii. 
 44) says, " The name asylum has been 
 of late revived," and applied in this 
 way. 
 
 ATABALLES, kettle-drums. 
 
 From the Moors' camp the noise grows 
 louder still, 
 
 Rattling of armour, trumpets, drums, and 
 ataballes. Dryden, Spanish Fryar, I. i. 
 
 ATAGHAN, a scimitar. More often 
 written yataghan. 
 
 The other seeks his ataghan, 
 
 And clasps its jewell'd hilt. 
 Oh ! much of gore in days of yore 
 That crooked blade has spilt. 
 
 Hood, The Key. 
 
 ATHEIST. The earliest authority for 
 atheist or atheism given in the Diets, 
 is Bacons Essays ; the extract seems 
 to imply that in Ascham's time the 
 word still wore its Greek dress, though 
 it was in not uncommon use. 
 
 They plainly declare of whose schole, of 
 what religion they be : that is, Epicures in 
 living and "AQtoi in doctrine. This last 
 word is no more unknown now to plain 
 Englishmen than the person was unknown 
 some time in England, until some English- 
 man took pains to fetch that devilish opinion 
 out of Italy. Ascham, Schoolmaster, p. 90. 
 
 ATHIT. The reading in the edition 
 of 1577 is at hyt. Mavor explains it 
 " ill-breeders." Wright, Prov. Diet., 
 "ill-conditioned." 
 
 No storing of pasture with baggedglie tit, 
 "With ragged, with aged, and euil aihit. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 35. 
 
 ATLANTIC, strong as Atlas. Milton 
 has Atlantean. 
 
 Bearing an ensign in a mimick fight upon 
 your atlantick shoulders. T. Brown, Works, 
 ii. 180. 
 
 ATOMISTICAL, relating to atoms. The 
 atomistical hypothesis is that which 
 refers the origin of matter to a fortui- 
 tous concurrence of atoms. 
 
 The atomistical hypothesis does not weaken 
 the force of my reason ; notwithstanding I 
 must tell you a wise man will not easily 
 believe that dull and dead atoms are able to 
 frame a living creature. Gentleman Instruct' 
 ed, p. 427. 
 
 ATONY, want of tone. 
 
 The cause of Kant's death was . . the aton 
 of the digestive organs. De Quincey, Last 
 Days of Kant. 
 
 ATRIP. Sails are said to be atrip when 
 hoisted to the top of the mast, as high 
 as possible. 
 
 A sail ! a sail ! I plainly spy, 
 Betwixt the ocean and the sky ; 
 An argosy, a tall built ship, 
 With all her pregnant sails atrip. 
 Cotton, Winter, 1689 (Eng. Garner, i. 216) 
 
 ATROCE, atrocious. 
 
 The prodigious vanity and nonsense as 
 well as atroce wickedness of these doings are 
 not describable but by the very remains 
 which the authors themselves have left of 
 them. North, Examen, p. 258. 
 
 Let me take a turn or two of reflection 
 upon this most atroce machine. Ibid. p. 39.2. 
 
 ATTEMPTLESS, without trying. 
 Why then, Casane, shall we wish for aught 
 The world affords in greatest novelty, 
 And rest attemptless, faint, and destitute ? 
 Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5. 
 
 ATTEND, attendance. 
 Boast, petty kings, and glory in your fates, 
 That stars have made your fortunes climb so 
 
 high, 
 To give attend on Rasni's excellence. 
 
 Greene, Looking Glass for England, I. i. 
 
 ATTENDRESS, female attendant. Ful- 
 ler is somewhat tautologous in speak- 
 ing of " a female attendress" 
 
 A female Attendress at the Table, neglect- 
 ing other Gentlemen which sat higher, and 
 were of greater Estates, applyed herself 
 wholly to him. Fuller, Worthies, Somerset 
 (ii. 287). 
 
 ATTENTATION, temptation. 
 
 What can be so quicksighted as the Devil, 
 that spies the first spark of attentation, and 
 blows it into a flame ? Racket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 99.
 
 ATTRIST 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 A UTHOR 
 
 ATTRIST, to sadden. 
 
 I am full of all these reflections, but shall 
 not attrift you with them. Walpole, Letters, 
 iii. 382 (1771). 
 
 How then could I write when it was im- 
 possible but to attrist you ! when I could 
 speak of nothing but unparalleled horrors. 
 Ibid. iv. 525 (1793). 
 
 AT TWICE, after two trials. 
 
 Please but your worship 
 three drops of the rich 
 
 now 
 water with 
 
 To take 
 
 you, 
 
 I'll undertake your man shall cure you, sir, 
 At twice i' your own chamber. 
 
 Jonson, Fletcher, and Middleton, 
 The Widow, iv. 2. 
 
 AUDITION. Walpole says of the 
 Cock Lane Ghost, which did not mani- 
 fest itself except by knockings. 
 
 I went to hear it, for it is not an appari- 
 tion, but an audition. Letters, ii. 333 (1762). 
 
 AUDITIVE, hearing. 
 
 It sometimes falleth out that a man hears 
 not a great sound or noise, though it be nigh 
 him. The reason is, his heart is fixed, and 
 busily taken up in some object, . . . and the 
 ears, like faithful servants, attending their 
 master, the heart, lose the act of that audit- 
 ive organ by some suspension, till the heart 
 hath clone with them and given them leave. 
 Adams, i. 265. 
 
 AUGUSTEITY, augustness ; majesty. 
 
 Too little it was belike to be styled by 
 ordiuary parasites the shepherd of shepherds, 
 spouse and head of the Church, oecumenical 
 bishop, prince of priests, unless he might be 
 advanced above all Auyusteity and Deity in 
 this most hyperbolical manner. Ward, Ser- 
 mons, p. 5. 
 
 AUGUSTIOUS, august. 
 
 He knew these augustious preparations 
 would be ridiculously disappointed. Hacktt, 
 Life of Williams, i. 169. 
 
 AURAL, pertaining to the ear. 
 
 That aural acquaintance with Latin phrases 
 which the unlearned might pick up from 
 pulpit quotations constantly interpreted by 
 the preacher, could help them little when 
 they saw written Lathi. G. Eliot, Romola, 
 ch. Ixiii. 
 
 AURIFIC, gold-making. 
 
 This opinion, however, was in part changed, 
 in consequence of some experiments made 
 with an aurific powder given him by a 
 stranger. Southey, The Doctor, ch. clxxxvi. 
 
 AURIGATION, chariot-driving. (Lat.) 
 
 If a man indulges in the vicious habit of 
 
 sleeping, all the skill in aurigation of Apollo 
 
 himself, with the horses of Aurora to execute 
 
 his notions, avail him nothing. De Quincey* 
 Eng. Mail-coach. 
 
 AURORAL, pertaining to the morning ;' 
 bright. 
 
 What a scene and new kingdom for him, 
 all bathed in auroral radiance of hope. . . . 
 They are all a delusion and piece of demonic 
 necromancy, these same auroral splendours. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 115 (1837). 
 
 AUTARCHY, self-sufficiency. See L., 
 who gives an instance from Valentines 
 Sermons, 1635, but doubts whether it 
 means self-sufficiency or self-govern- 
 ment ; on the whole he decides in fa- 
 vour of the former, despite the spelling. 
 The following examples from contempo- 
 rary authors show that he is right. 
 
 You that so composed your lives by jejune 
 and empty contemplations of an autarchy in 
 virtue by the rules of nature, what stately 
 lives would you have led and lived, if the 
 grace and hopes of the gospel had appeared 
 to you by the rules of faith. Ward, Ser- 
 mons, p. 28. 
 
 [Conscience is] in man the principal part 
 of God's image, and that by which man re- 
 sembleth most the autarchy and self-suffici- 
 ency of God. Ibid. p. 98. 
 
 Some averre that as the Germans (affect- 
 ing an autarchy or sole-sufficiency amongst 
 themselves,) disdained commerce in customes 
 or civile government with the Romans, so 
 they communicated not with them in their 
 religion. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. i. 6. 
 
 AUTHENTIC, the original. 
 
 Which letter in the copy his Lordship read 
 over, and carried the authentic with him. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 24." 
 
 Had he put them out to the Bank by pro- 
 curing several copies to be transcribed, learn- 
 ing thereby had been a gainer and a saver, 
 had he onely secured the originals ; whereas 
 now her losse is irrecoverable : principal! and 
 interest, authenticks and transcripts, are all 
 imbezzled. Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. vi. 9. 
 
 AUTHENTIC, forming a precedent. 
 
 A signal professor can not perish without 
 a train, and in his very destruction his ex- 
 ample is authentick. South, Sermons, iii. 160. 
 
 A spreading atheism and domineering, 
 reigning sensuality, sins now made national 
 and authentick. Ibid. iii. 351. 
 
 AUTHOR. N. says that Chapman fre- 
 quently uses this verb ; L. gives quota- 
 tion from Beaumont and Fletcher ; and 
 R. mentions that Chapman and Beaumont 
 and Fletcher employ it, as though such 
 use were confined to them. In all the 
 passages cited in the Diets, it means to 
 cause or originate, and this is its mean- 
 ing in the first of the subjoined ex-
 
 A UTHORISM 
 
 AVOUCHABLE 
 
 tracts ; but in the second it signifies 
 "to vouch for," " to be authority for ; " 
 and in the third authoring = literary 
 authorship. 
 
 The consonancie of the names [Liscare] or 
 trechery of the people hath authored the re- 
 port that Iscariot was here borne. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 250. 
 
 Some tricks and crotchets he has in his head, 
 As all musicians have, and more of him 
 I dare not author. 
 
 Massinger, Fatal Doicry, iv. 2. 
 
 There are, besides these more obvious 
 benefits, several others which our readers 
 enjoy from this art of dividing ; though per- 
 haps most of them too mysterious to be 
 presently understood by any who are not 
 initiated into the science of authoring. 
 Fielding, Jos. Andrews, Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 AUTHORISM, sense of being an author. 
 
 He [Burke] is a sensible man, but has not 
 worn off his authorism yet, and thinks there 
 is nothing so charming as writers, and to be 
 m&. Walpole, Letters, ii. 269 (1761). 
 
 AUTHORSHIPS ESS, condition of being 
 an author. 
 
 Of this I have been sensible from the mo- 
 ment my authorshipness was discovered. 
 Mad. D'ArMay, Diary, i. 240. 
 
 AUTOKIN'ETICAL, self-moving. 
 Self-moving substance, that be th' definition 
 Of souls, that 'longs to them in generall. 
 
 Therefore the soul's autokineticall 
 Alone. 
 
 H. More, Immortality of the Soul, 
 I. ii.25,26. 
 
 AUTOMATISED, made into an automa- 
 ton. 
 
 A god-created man, all but abnegating the 
 character of man ; forced to exist, automa- 
 tised, mummy wise (scarcely in rare moments 
 audible or .visible from amid his wrappers 
 and cerements) as Gentleman or Gigman. 
 Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. i. 
 
 AUTOMATORY. See quotation. 
 
 They made the water go from one glass 
 to another, and contrived a thousand little 
 automatory engines, that is to say, moving 
 of themselves. Urquliarfs Rabelais, Bk. I. 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 AUTOPATHY "denotates (says More) 
 the being self-strucken ; to be sensible 
 of what harms us, rather than what is 
 absolutely evill." 
 
 Base fear proceeds from weak autopathy. 
 H. More, Life of the Soul, iii. 66. 
 
 AUTORIAL, pertaining to an author. 
 How delicate and graceful are the transi- 
 tions from subject to subject! a point se- 
 
 verely testing the an torial power. E. A 
 Poe, Marginalia, cvi. 
 
 AUTOTHEIST, one who is his own god. 
 
 He begins to mistake more and more the 
 voice of that very flesh of his, which he fan- 
 cies he has conquered, for the voice of God, 
 and to become, without knowing it, an auto- 
 theist. C. Kingsley, Letter, Dec. 26, 1855. 
 
 AUTUMNIAN, autumnal. 
 
 The boughes . . withered, and, like autum- 
 nian leaves, dropt to the ground. Decker, 
 Seven Deadly Sins, p. 11. 
 
 AUXILIAR, an auxiliary : usually an 
 adj. 
 
 I hail you my auxiliars and allies. Taylor, 
 Ph. van Artevelde, Pt. II. v. i. 
 
 AVALANCHE. The earliest example 
 in L. of this now well-known word 
 is from Byron. Smollett spells it 
 
 VALANCHE, q. V. 
 
 AVAROUS, avaricious. Richardson and 
 Latham give this word, but no example 
 more recent than Gower ; it was, how- 
 ever, frequently used by Adams more 
 than 200 years later. 
 
 A whole country will not content one 
 avarous caterpillar. Adams, i. 79. 
 
 The very fool of all is the avarous, for he 
 will lose his friends, starve his body, damn 
 his soul, and have no pleasure for it. Ibid. 
 i. 249. 
 
 AVOCATION, that which calls us away 
 from something else. The word is so 
 often misused as synonymous with 
 vocation (see Hall's Modern English, 
 p. 214), that it seems worth while to 
 give the two quotations following. 
 
 Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he 
 counts earthly employments avocations. 
 Fuller, Holy State, Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 Though she could neither sleep nor rest in 
 her bed, yet, having no avocation from it, she 
 was found there by her father at his return. 
 Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VI. ch. xiii. 
 
 AVOSET, a bird with a long beak 
 curiously curved back at the end, and 
 with pied plumage : it has become rare 
 in England. 
 
 Gone are ruffs and reeves, spoonbills, bit- 
 terns, avosets ; the very snipe, one hears, 
 disdains to breed. C. Kingsley, 1830 (Life, 
 i.8). 
 
 AVOUCHABLE, incontrovertible. 
 
 The darkness of her face here is as avouch- 
 alle as the brightness of her clothes else- 
 where. Fuller, Pisgah Sight, IV. v. 25. 
 
 The most avouchable evidence of Chris- 
 tianity flourishing in this island in this age 
 is produced from the Bishops representing
 
 AVOWANCE 
 
 ( 32 ) BABILON1CALLY 
 
 Britain in the Councills of Aries . . . Nice 
 . . . Sardis . . . Ariminum. Ibid., Ch. 
 Hist., I. iv. 20. 
 
 AVOWANCE, avowal ; evidence. 
 
 la avcncance of [its having civil privileges] 
 it showeth more Burrow-townes then auy 
 Shire (though thrice as big) lying in the 
 kingdome of Mercia. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Sucks (i. 151). 
 
 AVUNCULAR, pertaining to an uncle. 
 
 Clive, in the avuncular gig, is driven over 
 the downs to Brighton, to his maternal aunt 
 there. Thackeray, Niwcomes, ch. v. 
 
 Clive had passed the avuncular banking- 
 house in the city, without caring to face his 
 relations there. Hid. ch. xl. 
 
 AVUNCULIZE, to follow or imitate an 
 uncle. 
 
 Seeing he was sister's son to blackmouth'd 
 Sanders, it is much that he doth not more 
 avunculize in his bitterness against Protest- 
 ants. Fuller, Worthies, Hants (i. 414). 
 
 AWARD, to avert, ward off. See H. 
 
 In his Raign a supplication was preferred 
 that the Temporal Lauds given to pious uses, 
 but abusively spent, might have been seized 
 to the King. This was wisely awarded by 
 Chichley, Arch-bishop of Canterbury, by 
 putting the King on the design of recover- 
 ing France. Fuller, Worthies, Radnor (ii. 
 603). 
 
 AWAREDOM, caution. 
 
 I am glad you are aware of Mrs. Pitt ; 
 pray continue yonr aicarcdom. Walpole to 
 Mann, iii. 64 (1754). 
 
 AWBE, a bullfinch ; called also an alp 
 or alph (?). 
 
 Canara byrds come in to beare the bell, 
 And goldfinches do hope to get the gole ; 
 
 The tatling Awbe doth please some fancie 
 
 wel, 
 And some like best the byrde as black as 
 
 cole. Gascoigne, Philomene, 35. 
 
 AWED, dreaded. 
 
 Could Sampson have been firmly bound 
 hand and foot by the Philistine cords, so as 
 he could not have stirred those mighty limbs 
 of his, what boy or girl of Gath or Ascalon 
 would have feared to draw near, and spurn 
 that awed champion ? Hall, Invisible World, 
 Bk. III. sect. iii. 
 
 AXIER, axis. 
 
 Thy hands the axierio maintain my world. 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, p. 136. 
 
 AXINOMANCY. See extract. 
 
 [Jet] was moreover employed in the form 
 of divination called axinomancy. Laid on a 
 hatchet made hot, it was stated not to con- 
 sume if the desires of the consulting party 
 were destined to be fulfilled. Arch., xliii. 
 517 (1870). 
 
 AXLESS, without an axle. The word 
 should be axleless, but this would not 
 suit the metre. 
 'Tis a wondrous thing to see that mighty 
 
 mound 
 
 Hingeless and axless turn so swiftly round. 
 Sylvester, Little Bartas, 264. 
 
 AYLES, the beards of corn. H. gives 
 it as an Essex word. 
 These twice-six colts had pace so swift, they 
 
 ran 
 Upon the top-ayles of corn-ears, nor bent 
 
 them any whit Chapman, Iliad, xx. 211. 
 
 AZURE, to make blue. The Diets, 
 only give the past participle. 
 
 Who azur'd the firmament ? Who enamel'd 
 the meadows with a thousand different 
 flowers ? Gentleman Instructed, p. 394. 
 
 B 
 
 BAALIST, a worshipper of Baal : 
 applied in the first extract to Papists, 
 in the second to Anglicans. 
 And lastly, too, Tobacco's smoakie-mists, 
 Which (comming from Iberian Baalists) 
 No small addition of Adustion fit 
 Bring to the smoak of the Unbottom'd Pit. 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 190. 
 
 We went to the Minster, when the pipes 
 played, and the puppets sange so sweetely, 
 that some of our soildiers could not forbeare 
 dauncing in the holie quire, whereat the 
 Baallists were sore displeased. Lttter from 
 Neh. Warton, 1642 (Arch., xxxv. 332). 
 
 BABBLE. Hounds are said to babble 
 
 "if too busie after they have found a 
 good scent," Gent. Rec., p. 78. See H. 
 Oft when I rise at early morn, 
 And hear the cheerful echoing horn, 
 I'm forc'd from the inspiring noise 
 To hunt a pack of idle boys ; 
 And when they babble in their din, 
 I am a special whipper-in. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xxi. 
 
 BABESIIIP, infancy. 
 
 He had not euen from his tendre babeship 
 been nousled in the preceptes of philosophie. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 194. 
 
 BABILONICALLT, sumptuously, refer-
 
 BABOONERY ( 33 ) BACK-SCRATCHER 
 
 ring to the splendour of Babylon. Cf. 
 CLEOPATRICAL. 
 
 O ! he is attended upon most SaMlonically ; 
 and Xerxes so overcloyd not the Hellespont 
 with his foystes, gallies, and brigandiues, as 
 he mantleth the narrow seas with his retinue. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. Misc., vi. 162). 
 
 BABOONERY, assemblage of baboons. 
 
 On the other side of the Rocke grewe a 
 Groue, in whose vtmostpart appear'd a vast, 
 wither'd and hollow tree, being the bare re- 
 ceptacle of the Bdboonerie. Chapman, Masque 
 of Mid. Temple. 
 
 BABOONISH, like a baboon. 
 
 He had a dingy bronze complexion, tawny 
 eyes, tolerable teeth, and a long, wrinkled, 
 smirking, baboonish physiognomy. Miss 
 Ferrier, inheritance, Vol. I. ch. ii. 
 
 BABY. To smell of the baby = to be 
 childish. 
 
 There are some that in their childhood are 
 so long in their home booke that, doe what 
 they can, they will smell of the Baby till they 
 can not see to read. Breton, Courtier and 
 Countryman, p. 9. 
 
 BACHELORHOOD, bachelorship. 
 
 I can fancy nothing more cruel after a 
 long easy life of bachelorhood than to have to 
 sit day after day with a dull handsome 
 woman opposite. Tliackeray, The Ne incomes, 
 ch. xl. 
 
 Sir Hugo in his bachelorhood had been be- 
 guiled into regarding children chiefly as a 
 product intended to make life more agreeable 
 to the full grown. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. lix. 
 
 BACHELORIZE, to be or act as a 
 bachelor. Jarvis says in a note, " A 
 word made on purpose, answerable to 
 the original bacMllear. 
 
 I am a Salamanca bachelor of arts, and 
 there is no bacheloriziny beyond that. 
 Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 BACHELOR'S FARE. See quotation. 
 
 Lady Ans. Colonel, some ladies of your 
 acquaintance have promised to breakfast 
 with you, and I am to wait on them ; what 
 will you give us ? 
 
 Col. Why, faith, Madam, bachelor's fare, 
 bread and cheese and kisses. Swift, Polite 
 Conversation, Conv. i. 
 
 BACHELRY. Bachelry intention = 
 intention of remaining a bachelor. 
 
 He holding place and estimation as heir of 
 Arcadia, obtained me of my father, the King 
 of Argos, his brother helping to the conclu- 
 sion with protesting his batchelry intention. 
 Sidney, A rcadia, p. 237. 
 
 BACK. Give the back = to leave. 
 Had even Obstinate himself but felt what 
 
 I have felt of the powers and terrors of what 
 is yet unseen, he would not thus lightly have 
 given us the back. Bunyaii, Pilyrim's Pro- 
 gress, Pt. I. p. 10. 
 
 BACK-BROKEN, with a broken back ; 
 over-heavily weighted. H. refers to 
 Florio for back-break. Cf. BREAK- 
 BACK. 
 How best the Sonne should bear an empire's 
 
 lode 
 
 (Which weaknesse oft back-broken vnder- 
 goes). Davies, Microcosinos, p. 16. 
 
 BACKERMOST, furthest back. Cf. 
 HIGIIERMOST. The extract is from the 
 Churchwardens' Accounts at Minching- 
 hampton, 1669. 
 
 Two seat roomes in the gallery at Hampton 
 in the backer most seat. Arch., xxxv. 449. 
 
 BACK-HAND, a term at tennis. 
 
 Lady Betty. Nay, my lord, there's no 
 standing against two of you. 
 
 L. Fop. No, faith, that's odds at tennis, my 
 lord ; not but if your ladyship pleases, I'll 
 endeavour to keep your back-hand a little, 
 tho' upon my soul you may safely set me 
 up at the line. Gibber, Careless Husband, 
 Act IV. 
 
 What ! are you there to keep up her back- 
 hand, Mr. Freeport ?Colman, Ewj. Merchant, 
 Act IV. 
 
 BACK-HANDED, remiss. 
 
 Modesty ... is often the most beggarly 
 and back-handed friend that merit can have 
 in its pay. Godtcin, Mandeville, ii. 180. 
 
 BACK-HEAD, false hair at the back of 
 the head. 
 
 I thought of poor Mrs. Penelope Arby you 
 all know her. I saw her in imagination sur- 
 rounded with parrots and lapdogs ! So spring- 
 like at past fifty, with her pale pink lustring 
 and back-head. Richardson, Grandison, vii. 
 223. 
 
 BACKLOAD, a good load ; as much as 
 can be carried on the back. 
 
 It came into my mind, that to arrive at 
 universal holiness all at once, I would take a 
 journey into the Holy Land, and so would 
 return home with a backload of sanctimony. 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 182. 
 
 BACKSCRAPER, back-scratcher, q. v. 
 Chopsticks and backscrajws are curious 
 things. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 238. 
 
 BACK-SCRATCHER, an instrument for 
 scratching parts of the back that might 
 be otherwise inaccessible : the end of 
 it was in the shape of a hand. An 
 article on these instruments, with illus- 
 trations, will be found in Chambers's 
 Book of Days, ii. 238. 
 
 D
 
 BACKSTONE 
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 BAG 
 
 There was also a head of Indian corn there, 
 and a backscratcher, of which the hand was 
 ivory, and the handle black. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. iv. 
 
 BACKSTONE, a stone to bake oat-cakes 
 on. See H., s. v. " As nimble as a cat 
 on a hot bakston " is a north-country 
 proverb. 
 The oats, oh the oats, and the silver, silver 
 
 oats ! 
 Here's to the oats with the backstone on 
 
 the board ! 
 We'll go among them when the barley has 
 
 been laid in rotes : 
 When all is home to mow-yard, we'll kneel 
 
 and thank the Lord. 
 Exmoor Harvest Sony (Lorna Doone, ch. xxix.) 
 
 BACKSTRING, a leading string behind, 
 by which the nurse or mother guided 
 the child. 
 
 Even misses, at whose age their mothers wore 
 The backstring and the bib, assume the dress 
 Of womanhood. 
 
 Cowper, Winter Evening, 227. 
 
 BACK-TIMBER, clothes. 
 
 Was there ever more riot and excess in 
 diet and clothes, in belly-cheer and lack- 
 timber, than we see at this day ?I>p. Hall, 
 Works, v. 543. 
 
 BACK WINTER, frost after the regular 
 winter has passed. 
 
 This and every towne hath its back winters 
 or frostes that nippe it in the blade (as not 
 the clearest sunneshine but hath his shade, 
 and there is a time of sicknes as well as of 
 health) : the lackewinter, the froste biting, 
 the eclipse of shade and sicknesse of Yar- 
 mouth was a great sicknesse or plague in it 
 1348. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 
 152). 
 
 BACON-HOG, a specially fat hog fit 
 for bacon. In the original, Erasmus 
 speaks of Acarnanian pigs, which were 
 the sleekest kind. 
 
 My followers are smooth, plump, and 
 buxom, and altogether as lusty as so many 
 bacon-hoys or sucking calves. Kennet, Eras- 
 mus's Praise of Folly, p. 17. 
 
 BACONIZE, to turn into bacon. 
 
 He hath not learnt 
 That pigs were made for man, born to be 
 
 brawn'd 
 And baconized. Southey, Nondescripts, iv. 
 
 BACON-SLICER, a clown, though the 
 note says it is strictly a braggadocio or 
 vapourer. 
 
 If he have not a better judgement, a better 
 discourse, and that expressed in better terms 
 than your son, with a completer carriage and 
 civility to all manner of persons, account me 
 
 for ever hereafter a very clounch and bacon- 
 slicer of Brene. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. 
 ch. xv. 
 
 BADGE. Mr. Grosart suggests that 
 the word in the extract may mean 
 " procuring forfeited estates by beg- 
 ging." BADGER, q. Y., is a retailer of 
 corn. Such had not always a very 
 good reputation for honesty. Perhaps 
 Davies means, " some follow her [For- 
 tune] by forestalling or regrating the 
 produce of the land." His marginal 
 note is " Land badgers." 
 
 Some others followed her by badging land. 
 Davies, Humour's Heaven on Earth, p. 37. 
 
 BADGER, a huckster ; retailer. See 
 BAJULATE. 
 
 The wealth of this town consisteth much 
 in buying of corne, and selling it againe to 
 the mountaines ; for all the inhabitants be 
 as it were a kinde of hucksters or badgers. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 555. 
 
 BADGER. To overdraw ones badger 
 is, according to Hood, slang for over- 
 drawing one's banking account. 
 
 His checks no longer drew the cash. 
 Because, as his comrades explain'd in flash, 
 He had overdrawn his badger. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 BADGERLY, aged (?). We say, gray 
 as a badger. 
 
 I always think when I see those badgerly 
 virgins fond of a parrot, a squirrel, a monkey, 
 or a lapdog, that their imagination makes 
 out husband and children in the animals. 
 Richardson, Grandison, v. 300. 
 
 BADMINTON, a species of compounded 
 drink, so named from the Duke of 
 Beaufort's place, where it had its 
 origin. 
 
 Here . . . the cares or enterprises of life 
 are soothed or stimulated by fragrant 
 cheroots or beakers of Badminton. Disraeli, 
 Lothair, ch. xxx. 
 
 BAFFLE, to trifle ; to make much ado 
 about nothing. 
 
 The vexatious side baffled before the master, 
 as long as he could, upon trifles, keeping 
 back the true points. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, ii. 78. 
 
 BAG, applied apparently to a quantity 
 of water which had been confined as in 
 a bag. 
 
 A servant brought him a letter wherein 
 was an account of a bay of water, which was 
 broke in his greatest colliery. North, Life of 
 Lord Guilford, i. 268.
 
 BAG 
 
 ( 35 ) 
 
 BALANCE 
 
 BAG, to put in a bag. See extract. 
 
 They [the Welsh] had a kind of play 
 wherein the stronger who prevailed put the 
 weaker into a sack ; and hence we have bor- 
 rowed our English by-word to express such 
 betwixt whom there is apparent odds of 
 strength, " He is able to put him up in a 
 Bagge." Fuller, Worthies, Cardigan (ii. 579). 
 
 BAGATELLO, a trifle. 
 
 It doth not become the children of God . . 
 so to please themselves with toyes and baga- 
 telloes as to neglect their meat. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 102. 
 
 BAG-FOX, a fox turned out of a bag 
 to be hunted. 
 
 Thus the bag-fox, (how cruelly, alack !) 
 Turned out with turpentine upon his back, 
 Amidst the war of hounds and hunters flies ; 
 Shows sport ; but, luckless, by his fragrance 
 
 dies. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 187. 
 
 To have a sort of l>ag-fox to turn out, 
 when fresh game cannot be had, is an enjoy- 
 ment which most of my readers have doubt- 
 less experiened. Miss Ferrier, Inheritance, 
 Vol. I. ch. x. 
 
 BAGGAGE, stuff; rubbish. We still 
 speak of bad liquor as "loaded." Gas- 
 coigne reckons it as among the signs 
 of an impossible golden age 
 "When brewers put no bagage in their beere. 
 The Steele Glas, p. 79. 
 
 For throughe cruditye and lacke of perfect 
 concoction in the stomacke is engendred 
 great abundance of naughty baggage and 
 hurtfull phlegme. Touchstone of Complex- 
 ions, p. 118. 
 
 BAGGAGE, worthless. The substan- 
 tive, applied contemptuously to a 
 woman, is common. In the second 
 quotation there is a comma at baggage ; 
 I think by a mistake ; if not, baggage 
 is a substantive, and means rubbish. 
 
 Booth himself confest, in the hearing of 
 those witnesses, that Pregion had nothing to 
 do with that baggage woman. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii . 123. 
 
 For four cellars of wine, syder, ale, beer, 
 with wood, hay, corn, and the like, stored up 
 for a year or two, he gave not account of six- 
 pence, but spent it upon baggage, and loose 
 franions. Ibid. ii. 128. 
 
 BAGONET, to bayonet ; or as a sub- 
 stantive. In the first quotation it is not 
 meant as a vulgarism; in the second, 
 where the word is a substantive, Mr. 
 Sam Weller is the speaker. 
 
 I came not into the world to be cannon- 
 aded or lagonetted out of it. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 535. 
 
 Now, genTmen, fall on, as the English 
 
 said to the French when they fixed bayyi- 
 nets. Pickwick Papers, ch. xix. 
 
 BAGS, breasts. 
 
 But cursed cruell be those wicked Hags 
 "Whom poysonous spight, envy, and hate 
 
 have won 
 
 T 'abhorred sorcery, whose writhled bags 
 Fould fiends oft suck, and nestle in their 
 
 loathsome rags. 
 H. More, Pre-existence of the Soul, st. 47. 
 
 BAILS, hoops to bear up the tilt of a 
 boat. 
 
 An act of Parliament passed in 1736-7 . . . 
 prohibits close Decks and Bails nailed down 
 in the Wherries. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Bri- 
 tain, i. 143. 
 
 BAJULATE, to carry. Lat. bajulare. 
 Fuller puts in margin, " Hence bagers,' 
 i. e. BADGERS, q. v. 
 
 The gentry of this county well content 
 themselves in the very badness of passage 
 therein, as which secureth their provisions 
 at reasonable prices ; which, if mended, Hig- 
 glers would mount, as bajulating them to 
 London. Fuller, Worthies, Sussex (ii. 381). 
 
 BAKER-KNEED. Grose says, "one 
 whose knees knock together in walk- 
 ing, as if kneading dough." 
 His voice had broken to a gruffish squeak, 
 He had grown blear-eyed, baker-kneed, and 
 
 gummy. Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 13. 
 
 BAKER-LEGGED, same as BAKER- 
 KNEED, q. v. 
 
 Msop . . was . . flat-uos'd, hunch-back'd, 
 blabber-lipp'd ; a long misshapen head ; his 
 body crooked all over, big-belly'd, baker- 
 legg'd, and his complexion so swarthy that 
 he took his very name from 't ; for .2Esop is 
 the same with jEthiop. I? Estrange, Life of 
 JEsop. 
 
 BALAAM-BASKET, or BOX, an editor's 
 receptacle for articles unfit for insertion. 
 The term (the allusion is obvious) 
 seems to have originated with Black- 
 wood's Magazine. 
 
 An Essay for the Edinburgh Review, in 
 " the old unpolluted English language," 
 would have been consigned by the editor to 
 his balaam-basket. Hall, Modern English, p. 
 17. 
 
 BALANCE, balances ; scales. 
 
 We are not angry with the clarke of the 
 market if he come to our stall, and reprooue 
 our ballance when they are faultie. Gossan, 
 Schoole of Abuse, p. 54. 
 
 Are there balance here to weigh 
 The flesh ? 
 
 Shakespeare, Mer. of Venice, IV. i. 
 
 Ermensewl, that is, the pillar or stay of 
 the poor, pictured with a banner in one hand 
 D 2
 
 BALANITE 
 
 ( 36 ) BAN BURY GLOSSES 
 
 with a red rose, in the other a pair of lal- 
 lance Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. i. 6. 
 
 BALANITE, a species of gem: per- 
 haps the carbuncle or the Balais ruby. 
 Ducange quotes from Rymer, v. 30 : 
 " Unum scrinium auri . . . garnitum 
 de saphiris . . Balanitibus et aliis 
 petrariis." 
 
 A garland braided with the flowry folds 
 Of yellow citrons, turn-sols, mary-golds, 
 Beset with bal'nites, rubies, chrysolites, 
 The royall Bride-groom's radiant brows be- 
 
 dights. Sylvester, The Magnificence, 1016. 
 
 BALBUTIENT, stammering ; lisping. 
 
 I have with tongue balbutient 
 Prattled to th' weaker ear. 
 
 H. More, Sleep of the Soul, iii. 24. 
 
 BALDARE (?). The extract is the 
 translation of " ea cura quietos solli- 
 citat." 
 Theire brayns vnquieted with this baldare be 
 
 buzing. Stanyhurst, *tEn., iv. 400. 
 
 BALDICOOT, bald coot. The name of 
 this bird is applied to the monks on 
 account of their shaven crowns. 
 
 This comes of your princesses, that turn 
 the world upside down, and demean them- 
 selves to hob and nob with these black baldi- 
 coots. Kiwjsley, Saint's Tragedy, iii. 4. 
 
 BALDRIB. H. (who gives no exam- 
 ple) says, "Not the same as the spare- 
 rib, as generally stated, which has fat 
 and lean, and is cut off the neck. The 
 baldrib is cut lower down, and is de- 
 void of fat ; hence the name, according 
 to Minsheu." In the first extract it is 
 applied to a thin and lanky Puritan. 
 
 Faith, thou art such a spring baldrib, all 
 the mistresses in the town will never get 
 thee up. Middleton, Mayor of Quinborouyh, 
 Act III. 
 
 AYho in all forms 
 Of pork, baked, roasted, toasted, boil'd, or 
 
 broil'd ; 
 
 Leg, bladebone, baldrib, griskin, chine, or 
 
 chop, 
 Profess myself a genuine Philopig. 
 
 Southey, To A. Cunningham. 
 
 BALK, a beam or rafter. See the 
 Diets. ; but they have no instance later 
 than Fairfax. 
 See ! round the room on every beam and 
 
 balk 
 
 Are mingled scrolls of hieroglyphic chalk. 
 Crabbe, Borough, Letter xi. 
 
 The stiffest balk bends more or less ; all 
 joists creak. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. 
 ch. xii. 
 
 BALL, a stout fellow. The word in 
 the orig. is ribault, which in the Glos- 
 sary appended to the edition of Rabe- 
 lais by L. Barre is explained, " En 
 general, homme robuste ; par extension, 
 bandit, libertin ; du teuton, ' bald,' 
 hardi." 
 
 He was a strong-built ball, and an old dog 
 at fisticuffs. Urqvhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. 
 ch. xii. 
 
 BALLACE, to ballast ; also as a sub- 
 stantive. See extract, s. v. CALVAR. 
 
 Therewith they are accustomed to ballace 
 their ships. Sandys, Travels, p. 204. 
 And all of them, unburthened of their load, 
 Are ballassed with billows watery weight. 
 Marlowe, Dido, I. i. 
 For ballace, empty Dido's treasury. 
 
 Ibid. iii. 1. 
 
 BALLASTER, one who has to attend to 
 providing ships with ballast. 
 
 The office of Ballaster, and of Lading, Last- 
 age, and Ballasting of Ships and Vessels on 
 the River Thames. Commons Journals, vii. 
 740 (1659). 
 
 BALLOON, to convey as in a balloon. 
 The extract is addressed to Time. 
 Thy pinions next which, while they wave, 
 Fan all our Birth-Days to the grave, 
 
 I think ere it was prudent, 
 Ballooned, me from the Schools to Town, 
 Where I was parachuted down, 
 
 A dapper Temple student. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 19. 
 
 BALNEO, bath. Bagnio is the com- 
 mon form. 
 
 Then began Christian Churches . . to out- 
 shine . . the Balneos and Theatres of free 
 Cities. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 351. 
 
 BAMBOCHE, a doll or puppet. 
 
 These figures were brought by the mob in 
 grand procession . . . and then after numer- 
 ous platoons and volleys of squibs discharged, 
 these bamboches were with redoubled noise 
 committed to the flames. North, Examen, 
 p. 574. 
 
 BANBURY GLOSSES. Is Latimer al- 
 luding to some well-known story in 
 connection with Banbury, referred to 
 also in the mock speech attributed to 
 Corbet ? 
 
 In this your realm they have sore blinded 
 your liege people and subjects with their 
 laws, customs, ceremonies, and Banbury 
 glosses, and punished them with cursings. 
 Latimer, ii. 299. 
 
 The malignants do compare this common- 
 wealth to an old kettle with here and there 
 a fault or hole, a crack or flaw in it; and 
 that we (in imitation of our worthy brethren
 
 BANDEA U 
 
 ( 37 ) 
 
 BANKER 
 
 of Banbury) were intrusted to mend the 
 said kettle ; but, like deceitful and cheating 
 knaves, we have, instead of stopping one 
 hole, made three or four score. Speech of 
 Miles Corbet, 1647 (Harl. Misc., i. 274). 
 BANDEAU, band. 
 
 Well, sir, that bandeau you quarrelled with 
 was worn by every woman at court the last 
 birthday. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 98. 
 
 Round the edge of this cap was a stiff 
 bandeau of leather. Scott, Ivanhoe, i. 11. 
 
 BANDORE. Kennet, s. v. abunda, 
 gives " Bandore, a widow's veil to 
 bind over or cover her head and face." 
 
 I hoped to fix my future rest, 
 
 And took a widow to my nest. 
 
 Jove in Pandora's box confined 
 A hundred ills, to vex mankind ; 
 To vex one bird, in her bandore 
 He had at least a hundred more. 
 And soon as time that veil withdrew, 
 The plagues o'er all the parish flew. 
 
 Prior, Turtle and Sparrow, p. 398. 
 
 BANERER, banner-bearer. 
 
 The lorde Haward, the'king's lanerer, rode 
 next. Account of Burial of Edward IV. 
 (Arch., I 351). 
 
 BANGLE, a frequentative form of 
 bang, to beat. In the eastern counties 
 corn is said to be bangled when beaten 
 about by the wind. The Imp. Diet. 
 defines bangle, " to waste by little and 
 little ; to squander carelessly." A 
 bangling hawk is one that beats about 
 in the air, instead of rising steadily, 
 and then swooping down on the quarry. 
 See N. and Q., V. x. 409. 
 
 No bangling hawk, but with a high flier 
 will mend her pitch. Ward, Sermons, p. 83. 
 
 BANGLES. See extracts ; also s. v. 
 KINCOB. 
 
 The ankles and wrists ornamented with 
 large rings or bangles. Archaol., viii. 256 
 (1787). 
 
 Her bracelets (she used to say, I am given 
 to understand they are called bangles, my 
 dear, by the natives) decorated the sleeves 
 round her lean old hands. Thackeray, New- 
 comes, ch. xv. 
 
 BANGSTER, the victor ; one who bangs 
 or beats his adversary. 
 
 If you are so certain of being the bangster, 
 so very certain I mean of sweeping stakes, 
 what harm will Miss Clara come to by your 
 having the use of her siller ? Scott, St. Ro- 
 nan's Well, i. 183. 
 
 BANG-TAILED, short-tailed (slang). 
 " These bang-tailed little sinners any 
 good ? " said Drysdale, throwing some cock- 
 
 a-boadies across the table. "Yes, I never 
 like to be without them and a governor or 
 two." ttuyhes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. vi. 
 
 BANG-UP, fine ; first-rate. Cf. SLAP- 
 UP. BANG-UP also = to make smart 
 (slang). The second quotation is from 
 an article by Archbishop Whately on 
 Miss Austen's novels. 
 
 Dance a bang-up theatrical cotillion. 
 //. $ J. Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 188. 
 
 We could not resist giving a specimen of 
 John Thorpe . . . altogether the best por- 
 trait of a species which, though almost ex- 
 tinct, cannot yet be quite classed among the 
 Palaeotheria, the Bang-up Oxonian. Quar- 
 terly Review, xxiv. 368. 
 Pat to his neckcloth gave an air 
 In style, and a la militaire ; 
 His pocket too a kerchief bore 
 With scented water sprinkled o'er ; 
 Thus banged-up, sweeten'd, and clean shav'd 
 The sage the dinner-table braved. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. v. 
 
 BANISTER. See quotation. 
 
 He was bound apprentice to a banister- 
 maker, which was a large sort of hamper 
 then in use for the carrying of charcoal to 
 the furnaces ou horseback, one on each side 
 a horse. Yorkshire Diaries (Surtees Soc.), p. 
 311 (1732). 
 
 BANJORE. See extract. In the form 
 banjo the word has become familiar to 
 UP. 
 
 " What is this, mamma ? it is not a guitar, 
 is it ? " " No, my dear, it is called a banjore ; 
 it is an African instrument, of which the 
 negroes are particularly fond." Miss Edge- 
 tcorth, Belinda, ch. xviii. 
 
 BANK. To bank a fire is to load it 
 with coal so pressed down that, while 
 the fire will last a long time, it burns 
 very slowly. 
 
 The ship was lying at anchor with fires 
 banked, and it was understood that they were 
 waiting for a Queen's messenger. H. Kings- 
 ley, Ravenshoe, ch. li. 
 
 BANKER, one who makes banks. See 
 Peacock's Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary, s. v. 
 
 He told me that cranberries had not been 
 discovered at that place [DersinghamJ till 
 within his memory, and that the discovery 
 was made by some bankers (men who work 
 in the fens) from Lincolnshire. Freeman, 
 Life of W. Kirby, p. 155 (1852). 
 
 BANKER, to banquet. 
 
 Foillanus and his three brethren, going 
 homeward in the night, after they had well 
 bunkered with St. Gertrude and her nuns, 
 were killed in a wood. Bale, Select Works, 
 p. 192.
 
 BANKERESS 
 
 BARBARE 
 
 BANKERESS, banker's wife. 
 
 Some of those bankers are as high and 
 mighty as the oldest families. They marry 
 noblemen's daughters, by Jove, and think 
 nothing is too good for 'em. But I should 
 go, if I were you, Arthur. I dined there a 
 couple of months ago, and the bankeress said 
 something about you. Thackeray, Newcomes, 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 BANKLESS, shoreless ; unbounded. 
 For thou of beauty art the bancklesse Sea. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 15. 
 
 BAXKRUPTISM, bankruptcy. " Pol- 
 tick Bankruptisme " is the title of the 
 first of Decker's Seven Deadly Sinnes. 
 
 BAXXERET, to make a knight - ban- 
 neret. 
 
 Nor doth it sound a little to the honour of 
 Herefordshire, that amongst the thirteen 
 then banneretted in the King's Army, three 
 fell out to be her Natives. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Hereford (i. 464). 
 
 BAXXIER. The old Fr. banniere = a 
 district or manor. " Banneria, dis- 
 trictus, jurisdictio^ officium bannerii " 
 (Ducange). At the same time the Ital. 
 bagnio, Span, bdno, and Fr. bagne all = 
 a place where slaves are kept, as well 
 as a bath. 
 
 He encouraged the inhabitants . . that they 
 should be of good cheer, for before night 
 there should be Elaiauians in Galeri market 
 as cheap as birds. . . . And it fell true that 
 [the Emperour's] souldiers were sold by mul- 
 titudes in Galeri's bannier towards the even- 
 ing. Hoirell, Dodona's Grove, p. 83. 
 
 Upon the Castle Hill [in Chios] there is a 
 Bannia . . . containing seuerall roomes, one 
 hoter than another with conduits of hot 
 water, and naturall fountaines. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 12. 
 
 BANTERER. See quotation (see also 
 citation from Swift in R.). 
 
 Occasions given to all men to talk what 
 they please, especially the lanterers of Oxford 
 (a set of scholars so called, some M.A.), who 
 make it their employment to talk at a ven- 
 ture, lye, and prate what nonsense they 
 please ; if they see a man talk seriously they 
 talk floridly nonsense, and care not what he 
 says. A. Wood, Life, Sept. 6, 1678. 
 
 BANYAN, a loose gown, like that worn 
 by the Banyans. See next entry. 
 
 I have lost nothing by it but a banyan, 
 shirt, a corner of my quilt, and my bible 
 singed. Kitjferinys of a Dutch Sailor, 1725 
 (Harl. Misc., viii. 297). 
 
 Proceed we next 
 
 Unto the old Incumbent at his gate, 
 With silken skull-cap tied beneath his chin, 
 
 His banyan with silver clasp wrapt round 
 His shrinking paunch. 
 
 Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. XI. ch. iv. 
 
 BANYAN DAY. See quotation. 
 
 They told us that on Mondays, "Wednes- 
 days, and Fridays the ship's company had 
 no allowance of meat, and that these meagre 
 days were called banyan days, the reason of 
 which they did not know ; but I have since 
 learned they take their denomination from a 
 sect of devotees in some parts of the East 
 Indies who never taste flesh. Smollett, Bod. 
 Random, ch. xxv. 
 
 BAPTIME, baptism. 
 
 "Were I to give thee baptime I would choose 
 To christen thee the bride, the bashf nil muse. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 26. 
 Fall on me like a silent dew, 
 
 Or like those maiden showers 
 AVhich by the peepe of day do strew 
 A baptime o'er the flowers. Ibid. p. 100. 
 
 BAPTIZABLE, fit for or capable of bap- 
 tism. 
 
 As for the condition limiting persons bap- 
 tizable, which is actual believing, this also 
 the Church of Christ understood in a limited 
 and temporary sense. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 284. 
 
 BAR. Many bars = many degrees : 
 the metaphor may be taken from music, 
 or perhaps from the game of throwing 
 the bar. 
 
 It is to be observed that these kind of 
 objections are commonly wheedles ; and if 
 goveruours hearken to them, they are pro- 
 bably lost ; and those who are the objectors 
 laugh in their sleeves, and in their turn out- 
 do, many bars, all that themselves found 
 fault with. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 ii. 122. 
 
 The immodest ones outdo the worst of us 
 by a bar's length, both in thinking and acting. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harloice, iii. 118. 
 
 I outdo Rousseau a bar length. Sterne, 
 Tr. Shandy, vi. 145. 
 
 BARATRESS, a female quarreller or 
 fighter. 
 
 A baratresse, daring with men, though a 
 mayd, to be buckling. Sianyhurst,jEn., i.479. 
 
 BARBAL, belonging to a beard. D'Ur- 
 fey tells a story of a man who pawned 
 his beard for 100,000. 
 
 And what could greater token be 
 Than that of barbal dignity ? 
 
 Collin's Walk, cant. 4. 
 
 BARBARE, barbarous. 
 
 As oft as they astraid 
 From God their guide, He on their shoulders 
 
 laid 
 The barbare yock of Moab. 
 
 Hudson's Judith, ii. 354.
 
 BARBAR Y 
 
 ( 39 ) BARNABY-BRIGHT 
 
 BARBARY, barbarity. 
 
 Nothing but cruel barbary and lion-like 
 fierceness beareth rule. econ, iii. 42. 
 
 BARBECU. See quotation. The word 
 is used also as a verb in the West 
 Indies, and applied to dressing a hog 
 by splitting it to the backbone and 
 broiling it on a gridiron. 
 
 Look at the negroes on the larlecu! It 
 was indeed time to stop, for on the barbecu, 
 or terrace of white plaster, which ran all 
 round the front, lay sleeping full twenty 
 black figures. C. Kingsley, WestwardHo,ch. 
 xix. 
 
 BARBERS' MUSIC, rough music. A 
 guitar or some such instrument was 
 formerly kept in a barber's shop for 
 the amusement of customers while 
 waiting their turn. The instrument, 
 being thus thrummed on by all comers, 
 was not usually of much excellence. 
 
 My lord called for the lieutenant's cittern, 
 and with two candlesticks with money in 
 them for symbols [cymbals] we made bar- 
 bers' music. Pepys, June 5, 1660. 
 
 BARBITON, a lyre. A Latin word 
 treated as English by Ascham. 
 
 Lutes, harpes, all maner of pypes, barbi- 
 tons, sambukes, with other instruments . . 
 be condemned of Aristotle. Ascham, Toxo- 
 philus, p. 39. 
 
 BAR-BOY, a boy who serves at the 
 bar of a public-house. Barman is more 
 usual. 
 
 His nods and scrapes are only the effects 
 of a habit that he Jacquired when he was a 
 bar-boy. T. Brown, Works, iii. 97. 
 
 BARE BOARD, without putting down 
 stakes. 
 
 She was not onely able to lay down her 
 stake, but also to vye ready silver with the 
 King of Spaine, when he, notwithstanding 
 both his Indies, was fain to go on bare board. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., VI. vii. 3. 
 
 BARGE, to go in a barge. 
 
 "Whole tribes of males and females trotted, 
 bargd it thither to build and inhabite, which 
 the saide kinges, whiles they weilded their 
 swords temporall, animadvertised of, assigned 
 a ruler or governour over them, that was 
 called the king's provost. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 151). 
 
 BARGEE, a man who goes in a barge. 
 The Diets, give bargeman and barger. 
 
 I am sorry to have wasted a day in the 
 company of a man who sets up for a country 
 gentleman with the tongue of a Thames 
 laryee and the heart of a Jew pawnbroker. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 The bargees nicknamed Lord Welter " the 
 sweep," and said he was a good fellow, but a 
 terrible blackguard. H. Kingsley, JRavenshoe, 
 ch. xlii. 
 
 BAR-GEESE. Barnacles were said to 
 grow on trees in Scotland, whence they 
 dropped into the sea and became solan 
 geese (see N., s. v. barnacle). Cf. 
 CLAIK-GEESE. 
 The (Trees-brood) Bar-geese mid th' Hebri- 
 
 dian wave, 
 Vnto his tune their far-flow'n wings doo 
 
 wave. Sylvester, The Trophies, 1048. 
 
 BARGUEST, a goblin in the form of a 
 beast ; also called a boh-ghost. It is a 
 north-country word. H. has an ex- 
 planation of it, but no example. See 
 Willan's Glossary, West Riding ; Ro- 
 binson's Whitby Glossary, *E. D. S. 
 
 He understood Greek, Latin", and Hebrew, 
 and therefore, according to the apprehension, 
 and in the phrase of his brother Wilfrid, 
 needed not to care " for ghaist or baryhaist, 
 devil or dobbie." Scott, Rob Roy, i. 223. 
 
 He had read of such apparitions, and been 
 sufficiently afraid of meeting a barguest in his 
 boyish days ; but in no instance had he ever 
 heard of the ghost of an animal. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. ccxiv. 
 
 BARING. See extract. 
 
 The process of baring or removing the 
 superficial soil preparatory to digging the 
 ironstone. The baring, as it is called by the 
 quarrymen, consists not only of the natural 
 surface soil, but also of the upper soft bed of 
 the ferruginous rock. S. Sharp, 1871 (Arch., 
 xliii. 120). 
 
 BARKEN, crust over, as a tree with 
 bark (?). 
 
 The best way's to let the blood barken 
 upon the cut that saves plasters. Scott, 
 Guy Mannering, i. 239. 
 
 With the night came a shrewd frost that 
 barkened the blood on my wounds. Eeade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxiv. 
 
 BARKERS, pistols. Cf. BULL-DOG. 
 
 " Barkers for me, Barney," said Toby 
 Crao.kit. " Here they are," replied Barney, 
 producing a pair of pistols. Dickens, Oliver 
 Twist, ch. xxii. 
 
 I'll give you five for those pistols .... 
 being rather a knowing one about the pretty 
 little barkers. C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 BARNABY-BRIGHT, St. Barnabas' Day, 
 June 11, under the old style was re- 
 garded as the longest day in the year, 
 though June 10 would answer to June 
 21 (new style). See N. and Q., 5th 
 Ser., Vol. II.
 
 BARNACLES 
 
 ( 40 ) BARTON HOUSE 
 
 Barndby-Bright, Barndby-Bright, 
 The longest day, and the shortest night. 
 Old Rhyme. 
 
 The steward, after having perused their 
 several pleas, adjourned the court to Barndby- 
 bright, that they might have day enough 
 before them. Spectator, No. 623. 
 
 BARNACLES, spectacles, as being bi- 
 nocular. See quotation, s. v. UN- 
 ILLUSORY. 
 Jack. Your eyes dasell after your washing ; 
 
 these spectacles put on ; 
 Now view this raysour ; tell mee, is it not a 
 
 good one ? 
 
 Grim. They bee gay barnikles, yet I see 
 never the better. 
 
 Edwards, Damon and Pitheas 
 
 (Dodsley, O. PI., i. 279). 
 BARNAKIN, the outer wall of a castle, 
 within which the barns, stables, &c. 
 were placed. See H., s. v. barnekin. 
 
 The barnakin or outer ballium was also 
 added, which was surrounded by a strong 
 rampart and wet ditch. Arch., x. 102 (1792). 
 
 BARN-GUN, an eruption in the skin. 
 Same as EED-GUM, q. v. 
 
 " Thou art not come to me," she said> 
 looking through my simple face as if it were 
 but glass, " to be struck for bone-shave, nor 
 to be blessed for barn-gun. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doojie, ch. xviii. 
 
 BAROMETRY, barometrical science, 
 which has for its object the measur- 
 ing the weight of the atmosphere for 
 meteorological purposes. 
 A scrap of parchment hung by geometry 
 (A great refinement in barometry) 
 Can, like the stars, foretell the weather. 
 Strift, Elegy on Partrige. 
 
 BARONET, sirloin, q. v. 
 
 The sight of the roast beef struck him 
 dumb, permitting him only to say grace, and 
 to declare he must pay his respects to the 
 baronet, for so he called the sirloin. Fielding, 
 Tom Jones, Bk. IV. ch. x. 
 
 BARONETTE, wife of a baronet. 
 She had a leash of baronets with their 
 laronettes. Trollope, Barchester Towers, ch. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 BARONETTED, created a baronet. 
 He thinks he has nicked a scandal tellin 
 how Sir Francis "Withins was knighted for 
 bringing the first Abhorrence. In truth he 
 deserved to have been baronetted if he had 
 stood to it. North, Eramen, p. 560. 
 BARONRY, barony. 
 
 They haue gotten vnto their kingdomes 
 Many noble baronries and erldomes, 
 
 AVith esquyres landes and knightes fees. 
 Dyaloge betwene a Gentillman and 
 Husbandman, p. 133. 
 
 BARREL. The expression in the text 
 may perhaps illustrate the common but 
 rather obscure saying, " Never a barrel 
 the better herring," noticed s. v. HER- 
 RING. 
 
 They disdain to pay any more civility or 
 outward respect to their minister than they 
 challenge to themselves, or than they give to 
 their meanest comrades, which are of the 
 same bran and barrell with themselves. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 245. 
 
 BARREN, to make barren. 
 That time of yeare when the inamored 
 
 Sunne, 
 
 Clad in the richest roabes of liuing fiers, 
 Courted ye Virgin signe, great Natur's 
 
 Nunne, 
 Which barrains earth of al what earth 
 
 desires. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir B. 
 Grinuile, p. 44. 
 
 BARREN, barren land. 
 
 My last dream is, to have the sewage con- 
 veyed along the line of rails by pipes, giving 
 the railway companies an interest therein, 
 and so to fertilize especially the barrens of 
 Surrey and Berkshire. C. Kinysley, 1859 
 (Life, ii. 100). 
 
 BARRING - OUT takes place when 
 schoolboys shut the master out of the 
 school, and refuse to let him in except 
 on certain conditions. See H., s. v. 
 
 Not schoolboys at a barring-out 
 Kais'd ever such incessant rout. 
 Sirift, Journal of a Modern Lady. 
 
 Revolts, republics, revolutions, most 
 No graver than a schoolboys' barring-out. 
 Tennyson, Princess, Conclusion. 
 
 BARROW-BUNTER, barrow-woman ; fe- 
 male costermonger. 
 
 I saw a dirty barrotc-lmnter in the street 
 cleaning her dusty fruit with her own spittle. 
 Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, i. 140. 
 
 BARS, a gambler's term. See quota- 
 tion. H. says, " To bar a die was a 
 phrase used among gamblers ; see Mr. 
 Collier's notes to the Ghost of Richard 
 III., p. 75." 
 
 They haue certayne termes, as a man 
 would saye, appropriate to theyr playing; 
 whereby they wyl drawe a mannes money, 
 but paye none, whiche they cal barres, that 
 surely he that knoweth them not maye soone 
 be debarred of all that ever he hath afore he 
 learue them. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 55. 
 
 BARTON HOUSE, manor-house. See 
 H., s. v. 
 
 On the other side of the lane was Giffard's 
 house (the Barton home) and a square high
 
 BASCA UDAL 
 
 BASKET-HARE 
 
 garden wall. Relation of the Action before 
 Cyrencester (1642), p. 5. 
 
 BASCAUDAL. 
 
 Iu a cup from Stanton Moor, Derbyshire, 
 deeper than usual, the bascaudal character 
 was confined to the upper part. A rch., xliii. 
 367 (1870). 
 
 BASE. H. gives this as a Cumber- 
 land word for the perch. 
 
 The boisterous base, the hoggish tunny 
 fat. Dennys, Secrets of Angling (Eng. Garner, 
 i. 166). 
 
 BASHAW, a Pasha, and so a great or 
 an imperious man. 
 
 In every society of men there will be some 
 Bashawes, who presume that there are many 
 rules of law from which they should be ex- 
 empted. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 82. 
 
 He desired my company to a minister of 
 state upon business, but the Bashaw was in- 
 disposed, i. e. not to be accosted. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 203. 
 
 The fair Mrs. Pitt has been mobbed in the 
 park, and with difficulty rescued by some 
 gentlemen, only because this bashaw (Duke 
 of Cumberland) is in love with her. Walpole, 
 Letters, i. 213 (1749). 
 
 BASELESS, bold ; unabashed. In the 
 first extract it means " bashful," but 
 this is probably meant for a blunder on 
 the part of the rustic speaker. 
 
 Com on, com on, master school-master, bee 
 not so bashless. Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 
 619. 
 Blush now, you bashles dames, that vaunt of 
 
 beautie rare, 
 For let me see who dares come in, and with 
 
 my deare compare. 
 Breton, Arbor of Amorous Devises, p. 4. 
 
 BASHMENT, shame. "Inter quos 
 minor est displicisisse pudor " is trans- 
 lated 
 
 "Where to controll lesse feare it were, lesse 
 bashment to displease. Holland's Cainden, 
 p. 86. 
 
 BASH-RAG, a term of reproach. 
 Wilt loose thy roiall sole prerogatiue, 
 To make vngrateful base Bash-rays to thriue ? 
 Dairies, A n Extasie, p. 95. 
 
 BASILEAN, royalist. 
 
 Now touching that which is spoken of the 
 oak in the last walk, if any intemperate 
 Basilean take exceptions thereat, let him 
 know that, as 'twas said before, most of them 
 are but traducements and pretensions ; yet 
 it is a human principle (and will ever be so 
 to the world's end) that there never was yet 
 any Prince (except one), nor will there ever 
 be any hereafter, but had his frailties. 
 Howell, Letters, iv. 23. 
 
 BASILISCO, a piece of ordnance. Ba- 
 silisk is the more common form. 
 
 Give but fire 
 
 To this petard, it shall blow open, madam, 
 The iron doors of a judge, and make you 
 
 entrance, 
 When they (let them do what they can) 
 
 with all 
 
 Their mines, their culverins, and basiliscos, 
 Shall cool their feet without. 
 
 Massinger, Unnatural Combat, i. 1. 
 
 I had rather stand in the shock of a ba- 
 silisco than in the fury of a merciless pen. 
 Browne, Reliyio Medici, Pt. II. sect. iii. 
 
 BASKET. To bring to the basket = 
 to reduce to poverty ; to go to the basket 
 = to go to prison, where the inmates 
 ate of the broken meats brought in a 
 basket from the sheriff's table : see 
 N., s. v. To leave in the basket = to 
 leave in the lurch ; perhaps refers to 
 articles which do not sell readily. 
 Arrested ! this is one of those whose base 
 And abject flattery help'd to dig his grave ; 
 He is not worth your pity, nor my anger ; 
 Go to the basket, and repent. 
 
 Massinger, Fatal Dowry, v. 1. 
 
 God be praised ! I am not brought to the 
 basket, though I had rather live on charity 
 than rapine. Gentleman Instructed, p. 6. 
 "Whatever he wants, he has only to ask it, 
 And all other suitors are " left in the basket." 
 Ingoldsby Legends (House-warming). 
 
 BASKET-BEAGLES, beagles used in 
 hunting a hare that was turned out of 
 a basket to be coursed. Cf. BASKET- 
 HARE. 
 
 Such were the members of the Killnakelty 
 hunt, once famous on the turf and in the 
 field, but now a set of venerable grey-headed 
 sportsmen, who had sunk from fox-hounds 
 to basket-beagles and coursing. Scott, St. 
 Honan's Well, i. 19. 
 
 BASKET - BUTTONS, buttons with a 
 device upon them like basket-work, 
 instead of a crest or monogram. 
 
 The concert began : song, sentimental, by 
 a light-haired young gentleman in a blue 
 coat and bright basket-buttons. Sketches by 
 Boz (Mistaken Milliner). 
 
 BASKET-CLERKS. See quotation ; also 
 citation from Spelman in R., a. v. 
 BASKET. 
 
 The clergy lived at first upon the mere 
 benevolence of their hearers, who gave what 
 they gave, not to the clergy, but to the 
 Church ; out of which the clergy had their 
 portions given them in baskets, and were 
 thence called sportularii, basket-clerks. Mil- 
 ton, Means to drive Hirelings out of the 
 Church. 
 
 BASKET-HARE, a hare carried in a 
 basket, and then turned out to be 
 coursed. Cf. BASKET-BEAGLE.
 
 BASSEMAINS 
 
 BATTERFANG 
 
 Come, open this portable tomb ; 'slife here's 
 nothing in it ; ferret him, or he'll never bolt. 
 It looks as if we had brought a basket-hare 
 to be set down and hunted. The Committee, 
 Act IV. 
 
 BASSEMAINS, compliments : the word 
 of course is really French. According 
 to H. and N. it is in Spenser, but they 
 give no reference. 
 
 Do my bassemains to the gentleman, and 
 tell him I will do myself the honour to wait 
 on him immediately. Farquhar, Beaux 
 Stratagem, iii. 2. 
 
 Mr. Ranter, pray do the doctor's baise- 
 mains to the lady, and squire her hither. 
 Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xlvi. 
 
 BASSET, to play at basset. 
 He had bassetted away his money and his 
 good humour. Gentleman Instructed, p. 492. 
 
 BASTARD. Fuller's etymologies seem 
 worth preserving as curious, if not 
 correct. He gives in the margin Ciija- 
 cius as the authority for the first deriv- 
 ation, and Kilianus for the second. 
 
 Henry Fitz-roy, naturall son to King 
 Henry the Eighth, . . . confuted their ety- 
 mology who deduced bastard from the Dutch 
 words boes and art, that is, an abject nature ; 
 and verifyed their deduction, deriving it from 
 lesteaerd, that is, the best disposition ; such 
 was his forwardness in all martiall activities, 
 with his knowledge in all arts and sciences. 
 Fully; Worthies, Essex (i. 341). 
 
 BASTARD, a mongrel, I suppose, though 
 it seems distinguished from this in the 
 extract. 
 
 He hath your greyhound, your mungrell> 
 your mastife, your terrier, your spaniel . . 
 small ladies' puppies, caches and bastards. 
 Return from Parnassus, ii. 5. 
 
 BASTINADE, bastinado. The more 
 English form of the word is unusual. 
 
 They would upon second thoughts submit 
 to a bastinade rather than occasion bloodshed. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 351. 
 
 Presents ! present the rogues the bastinade. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 91 . 
 
 BAT-BLIND, blind as a bat. 
 O Bat-blind Fooles, doe ye infatuate 
 That "Wisdome that makes "Wisdome gouerne 
 
 Fate ? Dames, Holy Rood, p. 13. 
 
 BATH. Bath was proverbial for the 
 number of its beggars : see Fuller's 
 Worthies (Somersetshire) ; hence Go to 
 Bath = be a beggar. 
 
 " Go to Bath ! " said the Baron. A defiance 
 so contemptuous roused the ire of the adverse 
 commanders. Ingoldsly Legends (Grey Dol- 
 phin). 
 
 BATH-COATING, a sort of stuff or cloth. 
 
 My landlord shewed me one (great-coat) 
 made of Bath-coating. Life of J. Lackington, 
 Letter xix. 
 
 BATHETIC, pertaining to bathos. 
 A fatal insensibility to the ludicrous and 
 the bathetic. Academy, July 3, 1875, p. 5. 
 
 BATH RINGS. Bath has given its 
 name to many things for which this 
 watering-place was supposed to be 
 famous. Bath buns, Bath bricks (which, 
 however, are made at Bridgewater), Bath 
 pipe, Bath coating, Bath fagots, Bath 
 chaps, Bath chairs, Bath Olivers, Bath 
 post. Hair-rings also seem to have 
 been one of its specialties. 
 
 A lock of hair which was so perfectly 
 strong that I had it woven into Bath rings. 
 Archaol., vii. 104.X1785). 
 
 BATTAGLIO, the body of an army. 
 Battalia is used in this sense (Richard 
 III., V. iii.). 
 
 I look upon the Defamers, Dividers, and 
 Destroyers of the Church of England (what- 
 ever they are or seem) to be no other than 
 the perdues or forelorn hope of Popery, 
 which by lighter skirmishes open advantages 
 to the Pope's main Battaglio. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 366. t 
 
 BATTER. See extract. 
 
 The angular columns ... all stand, as the 
 workmen term it, battering, or sloping in- 
 wards. Archceol., x. 185 (1792). 
 
 BATTER, to plaster or paste. A few 
 lines lower down he says it is enough 
 to make any man turn satirist " to see 
 such batter euerie weeke besmeare Each 
 publike post and Church dore." 
 
 To behold the wals 
 Battered with weekely newes compos'd in 
 
 Pauls. 
 A. Holland (Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 81). 
 
 BATTERDASHER, a weapon ; perhaps a 
 mace. 
 
 The halls of justices of the peace were 
 dreadful to behold, the skreens were gar- 
 nished with corslets and helmets, gaping 
 with open mouth, with coats of mail, lances, 
 pikes, halberts, brown bills, batterdashers, 
 bucklers, and the modern colivers and petro- 
 nils (in King Charles I.'s time) turned into 
 muskets and pistols. Aubrey, Miscellanies, 
 p. 215. 
 
 BATTERFANG, to belabour, or beclaw : 
 still in use as a provincialism. See 
 Eobinson's Whiiby Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 The Pastor lays on lusty bangs, 
 Whitehead the Pastor battei-fangs. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, p. 124.
 
 BATTLE 
 
 ( 43 ) BA YARD OF TEN TOES 
 
 BATTLE. The battle was kept, i. e. 
 was fought. 
 
 The lattaile was kepte in Cherronea. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 373. 
 
 BATTLE-BOLT, a cannon-ball. 
 The rushing battle-bolt sang from the three - 
 decker out of the foam. 
 
 Tennyson, Maud, I. i. 13. 
 
 BATTLED, embattled ; built with bat- 
 tlements. There is a quotation from 
 Turberville in R., and a reference in H. 
 The valleys of grape-loaded vines that glow 
 Beneath the battled tower. 
 Tennyson, Dream of Fair Women, st. 55. 
 
 BATTLEDORE seems to be used in the 
 extract for a sort of rolling-pin. 
 
 Howl them [the gumbals] with battledores 
 into long pieces, and tie them up in knots, 
 and so dry them. Queen's Closet Opened, p. 
 222 (1655). 
 
 BATTLE-FLAGS, colours carried in 
 battle. 
 
 It hangs there we may say between the 
 privileged Orders and the unprivileged, as a 
 ready-made battle prize, and necessity of 
 war from the very first : which battle-prize 
 whoever seizes it may thenceforth bear as 
 lattle-f.au with the best omens. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Mev., Bk. IV. ch. i. 
 Till the war-drum throbbed no longer, and 
 
 the battle-fags were furled, 
 In the Parliament of man, the Federation of 
 
 the world. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 
 
 BATTLE-ROYAL, a fight between seve- 
 ral cocks, the one that holds out the 
 longest being of course the victor ; and 
 so any vehement quarrel. 
 
 1st Nurse. Your husband is the noted'st 
 cuckold in all our street. 
 
 2nd Nurse. Y~ou lie, you jade ; yours is a 
 greater. 
 
 Phil. Hist now for a battle-royal. 
 
 Harvard, All Mistaken, Act I. 
 
 "What aggravates the reproach and the 
 disgrace upon us Englishmen is those species 
 of fighting which are called Battle-royal, and 
 the Welsh Main. Archaol., iii. 148 (1775). 
 
 A battle-royal speedily took place between 
 the two worthy mothers-in-law. Thackeray, 
 Shabby Genteel Story, ch. vi. 
 
 BAUBLE. N. quotes a passage, s. v., 
 in which he says bauble is used " appar- 
 ently as an adjective." I have cited 
 another, s. v. CURTSEY. 
 
 BAUDERY. Applied in the subjoined 
 passage to physical, not moral, dirt 
 the smoke from a candle. 
 
 And have our roofe, 
 
 Although not archt, yet weather proofe, 
 
 And seeling free 
 From that cheape candle bauderi/. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 141. 
 
 BAWDY BASKET, a prostitute. 
 
 Many a faire lasse in London towne, 
 Many a bawdie basket borne vp and downe : 
 Many a broker in a thridbare gowne, 
 Many a bankrowte scarce worth a crowne, 
 
 In London. 
 
 Puttenham, Art of Eny. Poesie, 
 Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 BAW VAW, trifling. The word seems 
 to be two contemptuous interjections 
 joined together, and used adjectivally. 
 See R., s. v. baw. 
 
 I stay not thye body, ne on baw vaw trom- 
 perye descant. Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 401. 
 
 " BAWWAW," QUOTH BAGSHAW, seems 
 to be a proverbial saying implying a 
 denial of that to which it refers. Baw- 
 waw = beware (?), cf. extract s. v. Ko ; 
 but see preceding entry. 
 
 All this may passe in the queene's peace, 
 and no man say bo to it ; but " fiawieaw," 
 quoth Hayshaw to that which drawlacheth 
 behinde, of the first taking of herrings there. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stvffe (Hdrl. Misc., vi. 174). 
 
 BAY, bidding : perhaps an abbre- 
 viation of " to obey." 
 Friar, I am at beck and lay, 
 And at thy commandment to sing and say, 
 And other sports among. 
 
 Peele, Edward I., p. 381. 
 
 BAY, to defy, as one who stands at 
 bay, but see next entry. 
 Great king, no more lay with thy wilfullings 
 His wrath's dread torrent. 
 
 'Sylvester, 2he Lawe, 610. 
 
 BAY, to confine as in a bay. Pos- 
 sibly in the second extract bay'd = 
 cowed. See previous entry. 
 
 Hee whose powerfull hand 
 Bayed-vp the Red Sea with a double wall. 
 
 Sylvester, second day,jirst weeke, 1169. 
 Then (zealous) calling on th' immortall God, 
 He smot the sea with his dead-liuing rod : 
 The sea obayed, as bay'd ; the waues con- 
 
 troul'd, 
 Each upon other vp to Heav'n do folde. 
 
 Ibid., The Lawe, 694. 
 Even so God's finger, which these waters 
 
 bay'd, 
 
 Beeing with-drawen the ocean swell'd and 
 sway'd Ibid. 720. 
 
 BAY, baize. Fr. baie. 
 
 The Flemish lay and say makers petitioned 
 to have free trade. Markham, Life of Lord 
 Fairfax, p. 320. 
 
 BAYARD OF TEN TOES, Shank s's mare,
 
 BAYOU 
 
 ( 44 ) 
 
 BEARDY 
 
 q. v. Breton says of the " honest poore 
 man " 
 
 His trauell is the walke of the woful, and 
 his horse Bayard often toes. Good and Badde, 
 p. 14. 
 
 At last he [Coryat] undertook to travail 
 into the East Indies by land, mounted on an 
 horse with ten toes. Fuller, Worthies, Somer- 
 set (ii. 291). 
 
 BAYOU, a channel for water. 
 
 Penetrated in all directions either by 
 bayous formed by nature, or canals which 
 cost little more trouble in making than 
 ditches. T. Flint, Recoil, of Valley of Missis- 
 sippi, p. 301 (1826). 
 
 A great bayou which runs down into an 
 arm of the Mississippi. W. H. Russell, 
 Diary, North and South, i. 411 (1863). 
 
 BEACON. See extract. 
 
 A Beacon (we know) is so called from 
 beckoning, that is, making signs, or giving 
 notice to the next Beacon. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Somerset (ii. 282). 
 
 BEAD-HOOK. 
 
 The Greeks with bead-hooks fought, 
 Kept still aboard for naval fights, their heads 
 
 with iron wrought 
 In hooks and pikes. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xv. 356. 
 
 BEAK, to attack with the beak. 
 Like cocks for ever at each other beaking. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 140. 
 
 BEAK, thieves' cant for magistrate. 
 " I suppose you don't know what a beak is, 
 my flash com-pan-i-on ? " Oliver mildly re- 
 plied that he had always heard a bird's mouth 
 described by the term in question. " My 
 eyes, how green ! " exclaimed the young 
 gentleman. " Why a beak's a madg'strate ; 
 and when you walk by a beak's order, it's not 
 straight forerd, but always a going up and 
 niver a coming down agiu." Dickens, Oliver 
 Twist, ch. viii. 
 
 The pies and jays that utter words, 
 And other Dicky gossips of birds,- 
 That talk with as much good sense and de- 
 corum 
 As many Beaks who belong to the quorum. 
 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 BKAKLESS, without a beak. The beak- 
 less bird = the bat. 
 Hence beak-less-'Eird ; hence winged-Beast, 
 
 they cride, 
 Hence plume-less wings! (thus scorn her 
 
 either side). Sylvester, The Decay, 276. 
 
 BEAM-ENDS. A person entirely at a 
 loss is said to be thrown upon his 
 beam-ends: a nautical metaphor. 
 
 He laughed the idea down completely; 
 and Tom, abandoning it, was thrown upon his 
 
 beam-ends again for some other solution. 
 Dickens, M. Chuszlewit, ch. xl. 
 
 BEAMILY, radiantly. 
 
 Thou thy griefs dost dress 
 With a bright halo, shining beamily. 
 Keats, To Byron. 
 
 BEAMLING, a little beam. 
 Eightly to speake, what Man we call and 
 
 count, 
 
 It is a beamliny of Diuinity, 
 It is a dropling of th' Eternall Fount, 
 It is a moatling hatcht of th' Vnity. 
 
 Sylvester, Quadrains of Pibrac, st. 13. 
 
 BEAN. The black of a bean = some- 
 thing very minute. 
 
 Neither will this uncharitable censure, if 
 it were true, advantage his cause the black of 
 a bean. Bramhall, ii. 91. 
 
 BEANY, in good spirits, like a horse 
 after a feed of beans. 
 
 So goes one's day ; all manner of incon- 
 gruous things to do, and the very incongruity 
 keeps one beany and jolly. C. Kinysley, 
 Letter, May, 1856. 
 
 BEAR, a kind of barley that has more 
 than two rows of grain in the ear. 
 Jamieson says four rows. 
 
 The valleys for the most part are covered 
 with beer or bigg, and the hills with snow. 
 Modern Account of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 136). 
 
 I was only wanting, said Triptolemus . . . 
 to look at the iear-braird, which must be sair 
 laid wi' this tempest. Scott, The Pirate, ch. 
 vi. 
 
 BEARANCE, endurance. In the original 
 tolerantiam. 
 
 Their minds are inured to temperance and 
 bearance, and therefore undergo those things 
 which are inevitable more moderately than 
 other persons. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 407. 
 
 BEARBIND, bindweed. Hood spells 
 
 it bear-bine. 
 The Boots I speak of are in general small 
 
 and soft, not unlike the Roots of Asparagus 
 
 or of Bearbind. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 
 iii. 242. 
 
 The bear-bine with the lilac interlaced, 
 
 The sturdy burdock chok'd its slender neigh- 
 bour, 
 
 The spiry pink. Hood, Haunted House. 
 
 BEARDY, bearded. 
 
 Beard-less Apollo's beardy Sonn did once 
 With iuice of hearbs rejoin the scattered 
 
 bones 
 Of the chaste prince, that in th' Athenian 
 
 court 
 Preferred death before incestuous sport. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first tceeke, 688.
 
 BEARERS 
 
 ( 45 ) BEAUTY-SLEEP 
 
 BEARERS, helpers : a legal term. 
 
 If we cannot hope to get ourselves quite 
 off, yet, as men use to do in common pay- 
 ments and taxes, we plead hard to have 
 bearers and partners that may go a share 
 with us. Sanderson, i. 185. 
 
 BEARESS, she-bear. 
 
 And when he got raps and taps and slaps, 
 Snatches and pinches, snips and snaps, 
 
 As if from a tigress or beat-ess, 
 They told him how lords would court that 
 
 hand, 
 And always gave him to understand, 
 
 While he rubb'd, poor soul, 
 
 His carrotty poll, 
 
 That his hair had been pull'd by a " Hairess." 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyg. 
 
 BEAR-LEADER, a travelling tutor, be- 
 cause he has the charge of a cub. See 
 extract s. v. GERUXD-GRINDER. 
 And as I almost wanted bread, 
 I undertook a bear to lead, 
 To see the brute perform his dance 
 Through Holland, Italy, and France ; 
 But it was such a very Bruin, 
 
 I took my leave, and left the nib 
 Some humbler Swiss to pay and drub. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xxiii. 
 They pounced upon the stray nobility, and 
 seized young lords travelling with their bear- 
 leaders. Thackeray, Bk. of Snobs, ch. vii. 
 
 BEARS. Are you there with your 
 bears ? = Are you still harping on the 
 same string ? or, Are you there again ? 
 According to Joe Miller (No. 123) this 
 was the exclamation of a man who, 
 not liking a sermon which he had heard 
 on Elisha and the bears, went on the 
 next Sunday to a different church, but 
 found the same clergyman and the 
 same discourse. 
 
 Another when at the racket court he had 
 a ball struck into his hazard, he would ever 
 and anon cry out, Estes vous Id avec vos ours ? 
 Are you there icith your bears ? which is 
 ridiculous in any other language but Eng- 
 lish. Ho well, Forraine Travell, sect. 3. 
 
 O, quoth they, here is an accident may 
 save the man ; are you there with your bears ? 
 we will quit the exercise of the House's 
 right rather than that should be. North, 
 Examen, p. 220. 
 
 BEASTHOOD, the nature or condition 
 of beasts. R. has beastlihood. 
 
 Many a Circe island with temporary en- 
 chantment, temporary conversion into beast- 
 hood and hoghood. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 BEATEN, experienced ; inured ; also 
 
 trite, in which sense it is used now, but 
 only with the words path or track. 
 
 There the Roman king with the strength 
 only of his old beaten souldiers (veterani 
 exercitus) . . . had the better. Holland's 
 Livy, p. 10. 
 
 A beaten politician of our times, learned in 
 the wisdom of newer state, . . . would have 
 projected Moses a far more commodious plot. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 117. 
 
 A man beaten to the trade may wrangle 
 and harangue better than one that is unex- 
 perienced in the science of chicane. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 522. 
 
 To ply the world with an old beaten story 
 of your wit, and eloquence, and learning. . . 
 . . I confess I have neither conscience nor 
 countenance to do it. Swift, Tale of Tub, 
 Dedic. to Lord Somers. 
 
 BEAT TRADE, to carry on trade. 
 
 In Holland the wives are so well vers'd in 
 bargaining, cyphering, and writing, that, in 
 the absence of their husbands in long sea- 
 voyages, they beat the trade at home. Howell, 
 Letters, I. ii. 15. 
 
 Ever since our merchants have beaten a 
 peaceful and uninterrupted trade into this 
 town and elsewhere. Ibid. I. vi. 3. 
 
 BEAU IDEAL, perfect model ; the high- 
 est conceivable type. The expression 
 is Anglicized, but Irving uses it in its 
 French form. 
 
 From poetry or romance young people 
 usually form their early ideas of love, before 
 they have actually felt the passion ; and the 
 image which they have in their own minds 
 of the beau ideal is cast upon the first objects 
 they afterwards behold. This, if I may be 
 allowed the expression, is Cupid's Fata Mor- 
 gana. Deluded mortals are in ecstasy whilst 
 the illusion lasts, and in despair when it 
 vanishes. Miss Edgetcorth. Belinda, ch. xix. 
 
 The common orders of English seem won- 
 derfully captivated with the beau ideal which 
 they have formed of John Bull. Irving, 
 Sketch Book (John Bull). 
 
 My ambition is to give them a beau ideal 
 of a welcome. C. Bronte, J. Eyre, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 BEAUIDEALIZE, to form a beau ideal, 
 q. v. 
 
 I shall spare you the flowers I have 
 gathered, the trees I have seen, leaving you 
 to beauidealize them for yourself. L. E. 
 Landon (Life by Blanchard, i. 60). 
 
 BEAUTY-SLEEP, the sleep before mid- 
 night. 
 
 " Are you going ? it is not late ; not ten 
 o'clock yet." "A medical man, who may be 
 called up at any moment, must make sure 
 of his beauty-sleep." Kinysley, Tico Years 
 Ago, ch. xv. 
 
 Would I please to remember that I had
 
 BEA-WAYMENT1NG ( 46 ) 
 
 BECKETIST 
 
 roused him up at night, and the quality 
 always made a point of paying four times 
 over for a man's loss of his beauty-sleep. I 
 replied that his loss of beauty-sleep was rather 
 improving to a man of so high a complexion. 
 Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 BEA-WAYMENTINO, bleating. 
 
 Tell me, if wolves the throat 
 Have caught of thy dear dam, 
 
 Canst thou, poor lamb, become another's 
 
 lamb ? 
 
 Or rather, till thou die, 
 Still for thy dam with bea-waymenting cry ? 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p 396. 
 
 BEBANG, to beat, cudgel. 
 
 A sworne brother of his . . . bebanyeth 
 poore paper in laud of bag-pudding. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stiiffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 159). 
 
 BEBASSE, to kiss heartily. 
 Queen Dido shal col the, and smacklye 
 bebasse thee. Stanyhurst, ^En., i. 670. 
 
 BEBAY, to indent ; to form bays. 
 "We fro land harbours too mayne seas gyddye 
 
 dyd enter, 
 Voyded of al coast sight with wild fluds 
 
 roundly belayed. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii 196. 
 
 BEBLAIN, to strike with blains. 
 Beblaine the bosome of each mistres 
 That bares her brests (lust signes) ghests to 
 
 allure. 
 Davies, Humour's Heaven on Earth, p. 43. 
 
 BEBLESS, to surround with benedic- 
 tions. 
 
 If I have seen or suffered any Poor 
 To lye and dye Naked, or out of Door : 
 Nay, if his loynes be-blest not mee from 
 
 harm, 
 Because my Fleece and Cottage kept them 
 
 warm. 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, iii. 499. 
 
 BEBLOTCHED, covered with blots, or 
 blotches of ink. 
 
 Down comes a proof in such a barbarous 
 state, so beblotched and bedeviled, that I am 
 swearing, Master Bedford, with very good 
 reason. It. Soutliey, Letters, 1807 (i. 412). 
 
 BEBOGGED, embogged. 
 
 After long travelling, his feet were fixed 
 in Ireland, where he was not leboytfd (as 
 some, otherwise his equals) with ill success. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Dorset (i. 313). 
 
 BEBOOTED, an emphatic form of 
 booted. 
 
 Couriers arrive bestrapped and lelooted. 
 Carlyle, Sartor llesartus, Bk. I. ch iii. 
 
 BEBOST, embossed. 
 
 In hir right hand, which to and fro did shake, 
 She bare a skourge, with many a knottie 
 
 string, 
 
 And in hir left a snaffle bit or brake, 
 Hebost with gold, and many a jingling ring. 
 Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene. 
 
 BEBOTCH, to afflict with botches. 
 Then petti-botching brokers all bebotch, 
 That in a month catch eighteene pence in 
 
 pound. 
 
 Davies, Humour's Heaven on Earth, p. 44. 
 
 BEBROID, to cover with embroidery. 
 Vestures of gould most ritchlye bebroyded. 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 497. 
 
 BEBUJIP, to knock about. 
 
 You have so skilfully hampered, be- 
 thwacked, belarnmed, and belumped the 
 catchpole. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. 
 xiii. 
 
 BECACK, to defile with ordure. Ajax 
 is of course a pun on " a jukes." 
 Another comes with wit. too costiue then, 
 Making a glister-pipe of his rare pen, 
 And through the same he all my brest be- 
 
 cackes, 
 And turnes me so to nothing but Ajax. 
 
 Davies, Paper's Complaint, p. 75. 
 
 BECAPPED^ furnished with a cap. 
 He thus appear'd in sprightly glee, 
 Secapp'd in due conformity ; 
 For to give him a sportsman's air 
 Some fair hand did his cap prepare. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. v. 
 
 BECEDERED, spread out like a cedar (?). 
 So neer that oft ones target's pike doth 
 
 pearce 
 
 Another's shield, and sends him to his herse ; 
 And gawdy plumes of foes (be-Cederedbr&ue) 
 Oft on their foes vnplumed crests do wane. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 318. 
 
 BECHECK, to rebuke. 
 But brutish Cham, that in his brest accurst 
 The secret roots of sinfull Atheisme nurst : 
 
 "With bended brows, with stout and stern 
 
 aspect, 
 
 In scornfull tearms his Father thus be-checkt. 
 Sylvester, The Arke, 103. 
 
 BECK, to imprison : thieves' cant. Cf. 
 BEAK. 
 
 The circle with the two dots was writ by 
 another of our brotherhood, and it signifies 
 as how the writer . . . was becked, was asking 
 here, and lay two months in Starabin. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Iv. 
 
 BECKETIST, one like Becket. The man 
 referred to, it will be seen, was not 
 contemporary with Becket. Cf. ANTI- 
 BECKETIST. 
 
 He was a great Becketist, viz. a stout
 
 BECKETIZE 
 
 ( 47 ) 
 
 BEDINNER 
 
 opposer of Regal Power over Spiritual Per- 
 sons ; on which, and other accounts, he wrot 
 a Book to Pope Innocent the Fourth against 
 King Henry the Third. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Wilts (ii. 467). 
 
 BECKETIZE, to favour Becket. Cf. 
 FREDERIZE, SPANIOLIZE, &c. Spaaking 
 of Cleveland the poet (Leicestershire), 
 Fuller speaks of some who have 
 " Clevelandized" i.e. tried to imitate 
 him. 
 
 He finds little favour from our Historians 
 of his age, because they do generally Becket- 
 ize. Fuller, Worthies, Devon (i. 276). 
 
 BECLOAK, to cover as with a cloak. 
 Torn limbs, tost truncheons, Shiver, Fire, 
 
 and Smoak, 
 As with thick clouds, both Armies round 
 
 becloak. Sylvester, Battaile of Yvry, 138. 
 
 BECOLLIER, to blacken as a collier. 
 See s. v. BECOLLOW. 
 
 BECOLLOW, to dirty. 
 
 Too foule-mouthed I am to becollow or 
 becollier him with such chimnie-sweeping 
 attributes of smoking and parching. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 165). 
 
 BECORONET, to adorn" with a coronet. 
 
 Open scoundrels rode triumphant, be- 
 diademed, becoronetted, bemitred. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 BECRAMPOUNED, encircled or fastened. 
 A crampon is the socket of gold in 
 which a jewel is set ; an ouch. 
 With green shrubs and pure gould neatly 
 
 beci-ampound, 
 His shafts on shoulders rattle. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 154. 
 
 BECRAVATED, adorned with a cravat. 
 
 What, Tony, i' faith ? what, dost thou not 
 know me? By'r Lady, nor I thee, thou 
 art so lecravated and so beperiwigged. Con- 
 greve, Way of the World, iii. 15. 
 
 BECRIMSON, to redden. 
 
 O why was the earth so ' beautiful, le- 
 crimsoned with dawn and twilight, if man's 
 dealings with man were to make it a vale of 
 scarcity, of tears, not even soft tears? 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VII. ch. vi. 
 
 BECROWN, to crown. 
 
 Then father Anchises a goold boul massye 
 
 lecrowniny, 
 With wyne brim charged, thee Gods celestial 
 
 hayleth. Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 537. 
 
 BECRUTCHED, furnished with crutches. 
 
 My master was at the gate becrutched ; I 
 told him I'd liever have seen him in another 
 disguise. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Iv. 
 
 BECUPIDED, covered with Cupids. 
 
 The Colis6e . . is a most gaudy Ranelagh, 
 gilt, painted, and becupided like an opera. 
 Walpole, Letters, iii. 375 (1771). 
 
 BECURSE, to assail with curses. 
 
 He was going and leaving his malison on 
 us root and branch ; I was never so becursed 
 in all my days. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. xlviii. 
 
 BEDEVILMENT, confusion ; trouble. 
 
 The lawyers have twisted it into such a 
 state of bedevilment that the original merits 
 of the case have long disappeared from the 
 face of the earth. Dickens, Bleak House, 
 ch. viii. 
 
 If you will open your bedevilments to me 
 when they come thick upon you, I may show 
 you better ways out of them than you can 
 find for ^'yourself. Ibid., Hard Times, ch. 
 xxiii. 
 
 BEDFAST, confined to bed ; bedridden 
 My old woman is bedfast. Mrs. Gaskelli 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. ii. 
 
 BEDFORDSHIRE. To be for Bedford- 
 shire = inclined for bed. Many names 
 of places are used punningly in various 
 phrases : e. g. land of Nod in extract. 
 Cf . LOTHBURY, NEEDHAM'S CROSS, BIRCH- 
 ING-LANE, &c., &c. 
 
 Lady Ans. I'm sure 'tis time for all honest 
 folks to go to bed. 
 
 Miss. Indeed my eyes draw straws (she's 
 almost asleep) . . . 
 
 Col. I'm going to the land of Nod. 
 Ner. Faith I'm for Bedfordshire. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Gonv. iii.). 
 The time for sleep had come at last, 
 And there was the bed, so soft, so vast, 
 Quite a field of Bedfordshire clover. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 BEDIADEM, to adorn with a diadem. 
 
 Open scoundrels rode triumphant, bedia- 
 demed, becoronetted, bemitred. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 BEDIAMOND, to adorn with diamonds. 
 Astarte's bediamonded crescent 
 Distinct with its duplicate horn. 
 
 E. A. Poe, Ulalume (ii. 21). 
 
 BEDIAPER, to mark in patterns ; to 
 enamel, which is the word used in some 
 copies. 
 The purling springes, groves, birdes, and 
 
 well-weav'd bowers, 
 With fields bediaperd with flowers, 
 Presente their shappes. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 457. 
 
 BEDINNER, to provide with dinner. 
 On the ninth morning of April these forty 
 Swiss blockheads arrive. . . They are ha-
 
 BEDIP 
 
 ( 48 ) BEFEATHERED 
 
 rangued, bedinnered, begifted. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. x. 
 
 BEDIP, to imbrue. 
 The warrior's spear bedipp'd iu blood, 
 And discord wild in angry mood. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. ii. 
 
 BEDIZENMENT, coarse or gaudy adorn- 
 ment. 
 
 Strong Dames of the Market, they sit 
 there . . with oak-branches, tricolor bedizen- 
 ment, firm seated on their cannons. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. IV. ch. iv. 
 
 BEDLAMER, a Tom o' Bedlam (see 
 H.) or mad beggar. 
 
 This country [the Border] was then much 
 troubled with Bedlamers. North, Life of 
 Lord Guilford, i. 271. 
 
 BEDOCUMENTIZE, to supply or support 
 with evidence. 
 
 Let them revolve the digests of our Eng- 
 lish discoveries, cited up in the precedencs 
 (sic) and bedocumentized most locupleatley. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 157). 
 
 BEDOWST, washed over; thoroughly 
 wetted. 
 A bruised barke with billowes all bedowst. 
 
 Gosson, /Speculum Humanum, p. 76. 
 
 BEDRESS, to dress up. 
 The bride, whose tonish. inclination 
 Attended to the ruling fashion, 
 To make her entry had bedress'd 
 Her upright form in all her best. 
 
 Cotnbe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. v. 
 
 BEDRIFTED, driven about. 
 
 And poor Orleans Egalite himself, for one 
 begins to pity even him ; what does he do 
 with them? The disowned of all parties, 
 the rejected and foolishly led rifted hither 
 and thither, to what corner of nature can he 
 now drift with advantage ? Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. iii. 
 
 BEDDMB, to make dumb. 
 
 Every soul is more deafened and bedumbed 
 by increasing corruptions, by actual sins. 
 p. Hall, Cont. (Deaf and Dumb). 
 
 BEDUSK, to darken. 
 
 How be yt, blynd bayards, we plod on with 
 phreusie bedusked. Stanyhurst, JB.,ii. 254. 
 
 BEDUSTED, covered or mixed with 
 dust. 
 
 Stoanes dismembred from stoans, smooke 
 foggye bedusted. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 632. 
 
 BEE-HIVE CHAIR, a sort of porter's 
 chair with a wicker-work top. 
 
 In front of the chimney stood a wooden 
 bee-hive chair. Southey, The Doctor, ch. iv. 
 
 BEEK, to bake. The word would now 
 be regarded as a Scotticism. 
 
 Go home now, and make thyself merry 
 with thy wealth, while Christ stands mourn- 
 ing in the streets ; . . . beek thy pampered 
 limbs at the fire, whiles He shakes through 
 cold. Adams, ii. 9. 
 
 BE-EPITHET, to adorn with epithets. 
 
 Your campaign in Scotland rolled out and 
 well be-epitheted would make a pompous 
 work. Walpole, Letters, i. 157 (1746). 
 
 BEER. See extract. The age referred 
 to by Fuller is that of Erasmus, who 
 complained of the ale (cervisia) of 
 Queen's College, Cambridge, as " raw, 
 smal, and windy." Skelton also is 
 speaking of " King Harry's [VIII.] 
 time." 
 
 The Dutchman's strong beere 
 
 Was not hopt over heere, 
 
 To us 'twas unknowne ; 
 
 Bare ale of our owne 
 
 In a bowle we might bring 
 
 To welcome the king. 
 
 Skelton, E?i/nour Rummin 
 
 (Harl. Misc., i. 415). 
 
 "Whereby it appears ale in that age was the 
 constant beverage of all colledges before the 
 innovation of beere (the child of Hops) was 
 brought into England. Fuller, Hist. ofCamb., 
 v. 43. 
 
 BEER, to drink beer. 
 He surely had been brandying it or beeriny, 
 That is, in plainer English, he was drunk. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 133. 
 
 BEER-CHILLER, a pot or vessel used to 
 warm beer. The name seems to be 
 given on the lucus a non lucendo 
 principle. In another part of the same 
 volume (Mr. Watkins Tottle) Dickens 
 speaks of " a pint pot, the contents of 
 which were chilling on the hob." 
 
 We should have gone dreaming on until 
 the pewter pot on the table, or the little 
 beer-chiller on the fire, had started into life, 
 and addressed to us a long story of days gone 
 by. Sketches by Boz (Parlour Orator). 
 
 BEES'-WINGED, having a filmy sub- 
 stance in it like a bee's wing. This is a 
 sign of age in port. 
 
 His port is not presentable, unless bees 1 - 
 irinyed. Hall, Modern English, p. 32. 
 
 BEFEATHERED, sprinkled with feathers. 
 Like as the haggard, cloister'd in her mew, 
 To scour her downy robes, and to renew 
 Her broken flags, preparing to o'erlook 
 The tim'rous mallard at the sliding brook, 
 Sets off from perch to perch, from stock to 
 
 ground, 
 From ground to window ; thus surveying 
 
 round 
 Her dove-beftathered prison. 
 
 Quarks, Emblems, III. i. 33.
 
 BEFET2SHED 
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 BEGRUNTLE 
 
 BEFETISHED, given over to fetichism, 
 q. v. 
 
 I object only to a connoisseur in swearing, 
 as I would to a connoisseur in paiutiiig, &c., 
 &c. ; the whole sett of 'era are so hung 
 rouud aud befetish'd with the bows and 
 tri tickets of criticism. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, ii. 
 157. 
 
 BE FETTERED, manacled ; enslaved. 
 
 They are the mute representatives of their 
 tongue-tied, befettered, heavy-laden nations. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 BEFOUL, to dirty, bespatter. 
 
 Lawyers can live without befouling each 
 other's names ; doctors do not fight duels. 
 Trollope, Barchester Towers, ch. xxi. 
 
 BEFRILLED, adorned with a frill. 
 
 Mrs. Farebrother, the Vicar's white-haired 
 mother, bef rilled aud kerchiefed with dainty 
 cleanliness. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xvii. 
 
 BEFUME, to cloud or intoxicate. 
 If such a folly hath befum'd your brain, 
 And fill'd your phant'sie with presumption 
 
 vain, 
 
 With idle hopes ; away with those conceits. 
 Sylvester, Maiden's Blush, p. 141. 
 
 BEFURRED, covered with furs. 
 
 The winter came, the winds were bleak, 
 And the cold breeze blew o'er the lake ; 
 When Madam Syntax never stirr'd, 
 But well beruff 'd and well befurfd. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. v. 
 
 BEGARDED, covered with gards or 
 embroidery. 
 
 My too strait-laced a.U-be(/arded girles 
 The skumme of nicenesse (London mistresses) 
 Their skins imbroder with plague's orient 
 
 pearls. 
 
 Davies, Humour's Heaven on Earth, p. 43. 
 
 BEGARNISH, to adorn. 
 See how the charger bends with thy lord's 
 
 fish, 
 What Sparagus beyarnishes the dish. 
 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, v. 94. 
 
 BEGGAR. The knowledge that a 
 beggar has of his dish is proverbially 
 intimate; referring to the clap -dish 
 which beggars carried to attract atten- 
 tion. See N., s. v. clap-dish, who notes 
 the proverb, but gives no illustration. 
 
 Know him ! d'ye question it ? Odds fish ! 
 
 Sir, does a beyi/ar know his dish ? 
 
 Prior, The Conversation, p. 80. 
 
 Lady A ns. Do you know him, Mr. Never- 
 out? 
 
 Nev. Know him ? Ay, Madam, as well as 
 a beyyar knows his dish. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 BEQOAR-MY-NEIGHBOUR, a simple and 
 childish game at cards, described in H., 
 but without quotation. Southey's de- 
 scription is more complicated. 
 
 I cannot call to mind anything which is 
 estimated so much below its deserts as the 
 game of Beyyar-my-neiyhbour. It is gener- 
 ally thought fit only for the youngest 
 children, or for the very lowest and most 
 ignorant persons into whose hands a pack of 
 cards can descend. . . . You take up trick 
 by trick ; the trump, as at other games, takes 
 every other suit. If suit is not followed, 
 the leader wins the trick ; but if it is, the 
 highest card is the winner. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cxlii. 
 
 BEGGARY, beggarly ; poor. See ex- 
 tracts, s. w. CLAMPER, COLD ROSTE. 
 
 Sach beggary wretches as had nothing to 
 leese were nothing medled withal. Udafs 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 130. 
 
 BEGIFT, to load with gifts. 
 
 On the ninth morning of April these forty 
 Swiss blockheads arrive. . . . They are ha- 
 rangued, bedinnered, begifted. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. x. 
 
 BEGILD, to adorn as with gilding. 
 The Diets, have begilt, with an extract 
 from Jonson. 
 
 Doth a man perceive his heart a little be- 
 gilded with ostentation ? Adams, ii. 465. 
 The lightning-flash from swords, casks, cour- 
 
 tilaces, 
 With quiv'ring beams beyilds the neighbour 
 
 grasses. Sylvester, Battaile of Yvry, p. 102. 
 
 BEGIRDLE, to encircle. 
 
 Like a ring of lightning, they volleying 
 and ca-iraing begirdle her from shore to shore. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VII. ch. iii. 
 
 BEGLITTERED, irradiated. 
 This sayd, shee turned with rose color 
 heaunlye beylittered. Stanyhurst, 2n., \. 376. 
 
 BEGROAN, to assail with groans. 
 
 Not ten days hence Patriot Brissot, be- 
 shouted this day by the patriot galleries, shall 
 find himself beyroaned by them on account 
 of his limited patriotism. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. II. Bk. VI. ch. iii. 
 
 BEGRUNTLE, to make uneasy ; at least 
 this seems to be the meaning in this 
 passage. Perhaps the effect is put for 
 the cause. Persons who are uneasy 
 groan or gruntle, which last word is 
 used of pigs in the Rehearsal and in 
 Jarvis's D<m Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 The Spaniards were beyruntled with these 
 scruples. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 131. 
 E
 
 BEGUTTED 
 
 BELADYSHIP 
 
 BEGUTTED, with the inside taken out 
 or destroyed. 
 
 The rats, it seems, had play'd the rig 
 In tearing up the Doctor's wig : 
 All discompos'd awhile he strutted, 
 To see his peruke thus begutted. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. ii. 
 
 BEHACK, to hack to pieces. 
 
 The tree is all to be-hackt for the wood 
 thereof, reputed of soveraigne vertue. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 127. 
 
 BEHALLOWED, consecrated. 
 "Whose head beefrindged with behallowed 
 
 tresses 
 Seemes like Apollo's when the moone hee 
 
 blesses. Herrick, Appendix, p. 433. 
 
 BEHATTED, furnished with a hat. 
 Most haply too, as they untied him, 
 He saw his hat and wig beside him ; 
 So thus bewigg'd and thus behatted, 
 Down on the grass the Doctor squatted. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. iii. 
 
 BEHEAVEN, to make happy ; to raise 
 to heaven. The word is used by Davies 
 several times. 
 Now shee Chimeraes, then she Beauties 
 
 frame, 
 That doe the mynde beheau'n with matchless 
 
 blisse. Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 8. 
 
 BEHEM, to surround, hem in. 
 
 Armies of pains extreme 
 Afresh invade mee, and mee round behem. 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, i. 688. 
 'Whom on each side behem 
 A late Repentance or a flat Despair. 
 
 Ibid., Tobacco Battered, 681. 
 
 BEHEST, to promise. 
 He apertly beliesteth to send the Holy 
 Ghost Philpot, p. 379. 
 
 BEHOLDING, attractive. 
 
 When he saw me, I assure you, my beauty 
 was not more beholding to him than my 
 harmony. Sidney, Arcadia, Bk. I. p. 50. 
 
 BEHORRORED, shocked ; terrified. 
 And the Turkish women for'ard 
 Were frightened and behorror''d. 
 
 Thackeray, The White Squall. 
 
 BEHOVED, necessary ; it would now 
 be regarded as a Scotticism. 
 
 He had all those endowments mightily at 
 command which are behoved in a scholar. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 39. 
 
 BEHDBIP, to fit with a hump, or per- 
 haps to raise a swelling upon a person. 
 
 Behump them, bethump them, belump 
 them, belabour them, pepper them. Ur- 
 quhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. liii. 
 
 BEHYPOCRITE, to accuse of hypocrisy. 
 O Christ ! wert Thou on earth as once Thou 
 
 wert, 
 How would'st Thou now behypocrit man's 
 
 hart. Davies, Muse's Sacrifae, p. 75. 
 
 BEING, was used formerly where we 
 should now put having; unless we 
 joined being with some such word as 
 engaged, obliged, &c. 
 
 Being to take footing on a new earth, the 
 inhabitants might prove stronger than the 
 invaders. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 71. 
 
 Beinif to meet a lawyer at the Rummer, 
 where I now left him, he was obliged to 
 leave your ladyship. Centlivre, The Artifice, 
 Act III. 
 
 The King being to go to Holland leaves the 
 regency in the hands of seven lords. Mis- 
 son, Travels in Eng., p. 271. 
 
 Being to pass near his door, for he lives 
 but two miles from Maidenhead, I sent him 
 word I would call. Walpole, Letters, ii. 468 
 (1763). 
 
 When the general tenor of his character, 
 and the circumstances of his being to pay 
 that sum the next day came to be considered, 
 the whole artifice was seen through. John- 
 ston, Chrysal, i. 201. 
 
 It ended in Charles's being to meet him at 
 breakfast. Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. vii. 
 
 Being to go to a ball in a few days, she 
 was very impatient to get rid of the erup- 
 tion. Miss Edgeworth, Out of Debt, Out of 
 Danger, ch. ii. 
 
 BE-LNKED, stained with ink. 
 
 One dark little man stood, sat, walked, 
 lectured, under the head-piece of a bandit 
 bonnet-grec, and within the girth of a sorry 
 paletot much be-inked, and no little adust. 
 Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxxv. 
 
 BEJEWEL, to cover with jewels ; to 
 make brilliant. 
 
 They found . . . women so over-dressed, 
 so bejewelled, so coarse. Miss Edaeworth, 
 Helen, ch. xxxv. 
 
 The westering sun slants into the church- 
 yard by some unwonted entry, a few prism- 
 atic tears drop on an old tomb-stone, and a 
 window that I thought was only dirty is for 
 the moment all bejewelled. Dickens, Uncom- 
 mercial Traveller, xxi. 
 
 BEJIG, to dance about. 
 No more he fiddled to the people, 
 When they bejigg'd it 'neath the steeple. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. v. 
 
 BELACK, to blame. 
 
 As for my preaching itself, I trust in God 
 my lord of London cannot rightfully belack 
 it, nor justly reprove it. Latimer, ii. 329. 
 
 BELADYSHIP, to address by the title 
 of ladyship. Cf. BEMADAM.
 
 BEL A UD 
 
 BELL 
 
 It would have done anybody's heart good 
 to have heard how Mrs. Twist did be-ladyship 
 my poor mother. Nares, Thinks I to My- 
 self, ii. 38. 
 
 BELAUD, to cover with praise. 
 She would not care to read the volumes 
 over which her pretty ancestresses wept and 
 thrilled a hundred years ago ; which were 
 commended by divines from pulpits, and 
 belauded all Europe over. Tfiackeray, Vir- 
 ginians, ch. xxvi. 
 
 _ A man may be puffed and belauded, envied, 
 ridiculed, counted upon as a tool, and fallen 
 in love with, or at least selected as a future 
 husband, and yet remain virtually unknown. 
 G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xv. 
 
 BELAVE, to wash. 
 
 Me in Thy Blood belaue, 
 And in my soule Thy sacred lawes ingraue. 
 
 Sylvester, The Latoe, 1112. 
 That long large Sea, which with his plentious 
 
 waves 
 
 A third or fourth part of the world be-laues. 
 Ibid., The Captaines, 147. 
 
 BELCHER, a handkerchief named after 
 Belcher, a noted pugilist, used both as 
 adjective and substantive. 
 
 The silver fork and the flat iron, the 
 muslin cravat and the Belcher neckerchief, 
 would but ill assort together. Sketches by 
 Boz (Pawnbroker's Shop). 
 
 Mr. Wilkins had brought a pint of shrimps 
 neatly folded up in a clean belcher to give a 
 zest to the meal. Ibid. (Miss Evans and the 
 Eagle). 
 
 BELE, den or covert. Cf. Scotch 
 bield. 
 
 The fox will not worry near his bele, but 
 rangeth far abroad, lest he be espied. 
 Sandys, p. 64. 
 
 BELEAVINGS, leavings. 
 
 He had nothing for his pence but the wast 
 beleavinys of others' beastly labours. Greene, 
 Theeves falling out, 1615 (Harl. Misc., viii. 
 392). 
 
 BELECTURE, to beset with lectures. 
 
 She now had somebody, or rather some- 
 thing, to lecture and belecture as before. 
 Savage, Reuben Medlicott, Bk. I. ch. xvi. 
 
 BELETTER, to write to. 
 
 It was now high time for Dr. Madew, the 
 Vice-Chancellour, and Master Roger Askham, 
 the University Oratour, to bestir themselves. 
 The latter belettered all the Lords of the 
 Privy-Councill. Fuller, Hist, of Cambridge, 
 vii. 26. 
 
 BELFRY. The belfry is sometimes 
 referred to as the part of the church 
 where the very poorest were. Gauden 
 
 (Tears of the Ch. p. 253) speaks of 
 " teaching school in a belfry " as a 
 means of livelihood for a deprived 
 minister. 
 
 And being always desirous to climb highest 
 in the Church, reckoning themselves more 
 worthy to sit there than another, I fear me 
 poor Magdalene under the board and in the 
 belfry hath more forgiven of Christ than they 
 have. Latimer, i. 16. 
 
 A poor woman in the belfry hath as good 
 authority to offer up this sacrifice, as hath 
 the bishop in his pontijicalilus. Ibid. i. 167. 
 
 Man would have cleared the Pharisee, and 
 condemned the Publican, when they both 
 appeared in the temple together the one, 
 as it were, in the choir, the other in the 
 belfry. Adams, ii. 188. 
 
 BELIEFLESS, unbelieving ; infidel. 
 Praise you his bounty, you that past the 
 
 Poles 
 Beare Heav'n's Embassage to Belief-less 
 
 Soules. Sylvester, Henrie the Gfreat, 512. 
 
 BELIEVABLE, credible : unbelievable 
 is not so uncommon. 
 
 It would certainly be more natural-like 
 and believable . Mrs. Trollope, Michael Arm- 
 strong, ch. iv. 
 
 BELIGHT, to alight. 
 
 A mouse of high degree, which lost his way, 
 Wantonly walking forth to take the air, 
 And arriv'd early, and belighted there 
 For a day's lodging. 
 
 Cowley, Essays (Agriculture). 
 
 BELITTER, to heap confusedly. 
 
 A chamber hung either with Dutch pic- 
 tures or looking-glasses, belittered with uri- 
 nals or empty gally-pots. The Quack's Aca- 
 demy, 1678 (Harl. Misc., ii. 33). 
 
 BELL, applied to the noise made by 
 deer, especially at rutting-time. Tenny- 
 son uses it of hounds. The first extract 
 is from an inscription at Wharncliff. 
 
 " Praye for the soul of Sir Thomas Wort- 
 ley. . . He caused a lodge to be built on this 
 crag in the midst of Wharncliff (the old 
 orthography) to hear the harts bell, in the 
 
 year of our Lord 1510." It was a chase, 
 
 and what he meaut to hear was the noise of 
 the stags. Walpole, Letters, ii. 5 (1756). 
 
 Here the bellowing harts are said to har- 
 bour, the throating bucks to lodge, the bell- 
 ing roes to bed, the beating hares to form, 
 the tapping conies to sit, and the barking 
 foxes to kennell. Fuller, Pisgah Sight, III. 
 (pt. i.) ix. 1. 
 
 Waife again changed the key of his primi- 
 tive music a melancholy belling note, like 
 the belling itself of a melancholy hart, but 
 more modulated into sweetness. Lytton, 
 What will he do with it ? Bk. V. ch. iv. 
 E2
 
 J3ELLAMOURE 
 
 BEMURMVR 
 
 Then, pressing day by day through Lyonesse, 
 Lost in a rocky hollow, lelliny heard 
 The hounds of Mark. 
 
 Tennyson, Last Tournament. 
 
 BELLAMOURE, a fair lady - love ; it 
 occurs several times in Davies. 
 No Bellamoure should then be better hu'd. 
 
 Davies, Microcosms, p. 22. 
 His wisdome's pow'r 
 
 Did choose me for his chiefest JBellamoure. 
 Ibid. p. 92. 
 
 BELLED, having a bell. 
 A hawk belled pouncing on a bird. 
 
 Arch., xxxiv. 436 (1852). 
 
 BELLE-DAME, a fashionable lady : bel- 
 dam formerly meant grandmother, then, 
 old woman ; it is now always used in 
 a disparaging sense. N. says that in 
 Spenser the word has the meaning of 
 fair lady, but if he refers, as I suppose, 
 to F. Q., III. ii. 43, the name is given 
 by Britomart " to her aged nourse " and 
 = Granny. 
 
 Should we see the value of a German 
 prince's ransom gorgeously attiring each of 
 our belle-dames, if neither merchant, butcher, 
 brewer, laceman, mercer, milliner, nor tailor 
 would trust ? H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 
 375. 
 
 BELLOWS, to blow as with a bellows ; 
 to puff. 
 
 She pouted out her blubber-lips, as if to 
 lellows up wind and sputter into her horse- 
 nostrils. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 318. 
 
 BELLY-GUT, a lazy, greedy fellow. 
 
 Since then thou wouldst not have a belly- 
 gut for thy servant, but rather one brisk and 
 agUe, why then dost thou provide for thy 
 mind a minister fat and unwieldy ? Bailey's 
 Erasmus, p. 346. 
 
 BELONGINGS. The Diets, give this 
 word as meaning endowments or qual- 
 ities, with a quotation from Measure 
 for Measure, I. i., but it also signifies 
 family, relations, or household. 
 
 AVhen Lady Kew said, Sic volo, sic jubeo, I 
 promise you few persons of her ladyship's 
 belongings stopped, before they did her bid- 
 dings, to ask her reasons. Thackeray, New- 
 comes, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 BELUMP, is intended probably to have 
 much the same meaning as BEHUMP, 
 q. v. 
 
 BEMAD, to make mad or furious ; see 
 quotation, s. v. WOUNDAPLE ; the Diets, 
 have the participle bemadding, but only 
 with the quotation from Lear, III. i. 
 
 The patriarch herein did bewitch and 
 bemad Godfrey. Fuller, Holy War, Bk. II. 
 ch. v. 
 
 How much Androuicus was bemadded 
 hereat may easier be conceived than exprest. 
 Ibid., Profane State, V. xviii. 16. 
 
 BEMADAM, to salute with the title of 
 madam. 
 
 They do so all to bemadam me, I think 
 they think me a very great lady. Jo>ison, 
 Bart. Fair, v. 3. 
 
 BEMANTLED, covered as with a mantle. 
 The village spire but dimly seen. 
 The straw-roof d cot upon the green 
 "With spreading vine bemantled o'er. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. ii. 
 
 BEMEAN, to lower. 
 
 For this time I renounce my gentility, and 
 lessen and bemean myself to the lowness of 
 the offender. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. 
 Bk. III. ch. xx. 
 
 BEMITRE, to adorn with a mitre. 
 
 Open scoundrels rode triumphant, bedia- 
 demed, becoronetted, bemitred. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 BEMOAT, to surround with a moat. 
 A silver Brook in broken streams doth gush, 
 And headlong down the horned Cliff doth 
 
 rush; 
 Then, winding thence above and under 
 
 ground, 
 A goodly Garden it be-moateth round. 
 
 Sylvester, 1th day, 31. 
 
 BEMOISTEN, to bedew. 
 Affected by this tender grace, 
 A tear stole gently down her face ; 
 And, wiping her bemoisterfd eye, 
 She offered this sincere reply. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. vi. 
 
 BEMOUTH, to declaim. 
 
 They heard the illustrious furbelow'd 
 Heroically in Popean rhyme 
 Tee-to-tum'd, in Miltonic blank bemouth'd. 
 Southey, Nondescripts, i. 
 
 BEMUD, to cover with mud, and so 
 to confuse. 
 
 [This hath] so troubledly bemudded with 
 griefe and care every cell or organ-pipe of 
 my purer intellectual faculties, that no more 
 they consort with any ingenuous playful 
 merriments. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 157). 
 
 BEMURMUR, to murmur round. See 
 quotation, s. v. BESHOUT. 
 
 Bemurmured now by the hoarse-flowing 
 Danube, the light of her patriot supper-par- 
 ties gone quite out, so lies Theroigne. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev.,Yb. II. Bk. IV. ch. viii.
 
 BEMUZZLED 
 
 ( 53 ) 
 
 BE POUNCE 
 
 BEMUZZLED, muzzled up. 
 
 The young lion's whelp has to grow up all 
 bestrapped, bemuszled in the most extraor- 
 dinary manner. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 86. 
 
 BEN. Oil of ben = benzoin ; an oint- 
 ment held to be of great efficacy. See 
 several references in H. 
 
 I think I smell him, 'tis vermilion sure, 
 ha ; oil of ben ; do but show him me, widow. 
 Jonson, Fletcher, and Middleton, The 
 Widow, ii. 1. 
 
 BENDER, a sixpence, because easily 
 bent (slang). 
 
 " What will you take to be paid out ? " said 
 the butcher. " The regular chummage is two- 
 and-six. Will you take three bob? " " And 
 a bender," suggested the clerical gentleman. 
 " Well, I don't mind ; it's only twopence a 
 piece more," said Mr. Martin. " What do 
 you say now-* we'll pay you out for three- 
 and-sixpence a week." Dickens, Pickwick 
 Papers, ch. xlii. 
 
 " How much a glass think you ? " says 
 Fred, pulling another bumper ; " a half- 
 crown think ye ? a half-crown, Honeyman ? 
 By cock and pye it is not worth a bender." 
 Thackeray, Neiccomes, ch. xi. 
 
 BENEDICTOR, an eulogist. 
 
 Ministers have multos laudatores, paucos 
 datores, many praisers, few raisers ; many 
 benedictors, few benefactors. Adams, i. 179. 
 
 BENEFACTORATE, to provide as a bene- 
 factor, to present. 
 
 The bishop has sent a Dr. Nichols to me, 
 to desire I would assist him in a plan for the 
 east window of his cathedral, which he in- 
 tends to lenefactorate with painted glass. 
 Walpole, Letters, iii. 282 (1769). 
 
 BENEFACTURE, beneficence. 
 Give me the open champain of a general 
 and illimited benefacture. Bishop Hall, 
 Works, viii. 256. 
 
 BENEFICE, benefit. The first extract 
 is from a letter from Jane Seymour to 
 the Lords of the Council, announcing 
 the birth of her son, 1537. 
 
 We have thought good to certifie you of 
 this same, to the intent ye might not onely 
 render unto God coudigne thanks and praise 
 for so great a benefife, but also continually 
 pray for the long continuance and preserv- 
 ation of the same. Fuller, Church History, 
 VII. ii. 11. 
 
 Verely this thyng by the benefice of philo- 
 sophic was roted in hym, that he stode in 
 drede of no man liuyng. UdaUs Erasmus's 
 Apophthegm.es, p. 70. 
 
 BENEFICIAL, beneficent. 
 He fell to prayer rehearsing how 'beneficial 
 God had been unto him. Latimer, i. 541. 
 
 BENEFICIOUS, beneficent. 
 
 The Beauchamps .... acknowledge Haber 
 deBurgo .... beneficiousto them, and testifie 
 the same by their armories. Holland's Cam- 
 den, p. 362. 
 
 BENJ, a liquid or paste of intoxicat- 
 ing qualities procured from narcotic 
 plants such as henbane, hemp, &c. ; 
 also called Bang or Bhang. 
 
 Mesmerism and magic-lanterns, benj and 
 opium winna explain all facts. C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xxi. 
 
 BENT, beck. 
 
 Naturall men must haue God at their lent 
 Hall, Conlempl. (Golden Calfe). 
 
 BENTER, debenture. The speaker is 
 an uneducated man. 
 
 Out alas ! where shall I make my mone, 
 My pouche, my benters, and all is gone 
 
 Edwards, Damon and Pitheas 
 (Dodsley, O. PI. i. 281). 
 
 BENVENUE, a welcome. 
 
 I having no great pieces to discharge for 
 his ben-venue or welcomming in, with this 
 volley of rhapsodies or small-shotte he must 
 rest pacified. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 158). 
 
 BEPATCHED, adorned with patches (on 
 the face) ; also patched (of a gar- 
 ment). See extract, s. v. BETATTERED. 
 
 The use of patches is not unknown to the 
 French ladies, but she that wears them must 
 be young and handsome. In England, young, 
 old, handsome, ugly, all are bepatch'd till they 
 are bedrid. Misson, Travels in Eny., p. 214. 
 
 BEPERIWIGGED, having the head co- 
 vered with a wig. 
 
 What, Tony, i' faith ? what, dost thou not 
 know me ? By 'r Lady, nor I thee, thou art 
 so becravated, and so bepwitciaged. Con- 
 greve, Way of the World, iii. 15. 
 
 BEPESTER, to plague, injure. 
 Valens with his Arian heresy had bepes- 
 tered the Christian world. Adams, i. 456. 
 
 BEPILGRIMED, visited by pilgrims. 
 
 Mr. Lockhart thinks there was no literary 
 shrine ever so bepilt/rimed, except Ferney in 
 Voltaire's time. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 168. 
 
 I have known a harmless good old scul 
 of eighty still bepommelled and stoned by irre- 
 proachable ladies of the straitest sect of the 
 Pharisees. Thackeray. Virginians, ch. xlix. 
 
 BEPOUNCE, to bepowder ; in the ex- 
 tract = to stud.
 
 BEPUFF 
 
 ( 54 ) 
 
 BESHOUT 
 
 Thee beams with brazed copper were costlye 
 
 bepounced; 
 And gates with the metal dooe creake in 
 
 shrilbated harshing. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 433. 
 
 BEPUFF, to flatter. 
 
 Even the Lord Mayor himself was a Ee- 
 ality not a Fiction conventionally bepuffed 
 on one day in the year by illustrious friends, 
 who no less conventionally laugh at him on 
 the remaining three hundred and sixty-four 
 days. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, ix. 
 
 BEPUZZLE, to puzzle. 
 
 How Yarmouth of itself e so innumerable 
 populous and replenished, and in so barraine 
 a plot seated, should not onely supply her 
 inhabitants with pleutifull purveyance of 
 sustenance, but provant and victuall more- 
 over this monstrous army of strangers, was 
 a matter that egregiously bepuzled and en- 
 tranced my apprehension. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 149). 
 
 BERAMPIRED, fortified. 
 O Gods, o countrey, o Troywals stronglye 
 berampyerd. Stanyhurst, ^., ii. 251. 
 
 BERASCAL, to call rascal. Cf . BEVIL- 
 LAIN. 
 
 She beknaved, berascalled, berogued the 
 unhappy hero. Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. 
 II. ch. iii. 
 
 BEREBUS, to cover with rebusses. 
 
 His [Sir I. Hawkewood's] Ccenotaph . . 
 (arched over, and, in allusion to his name 
 berebussed with Hawkes flying into a Wood) 
 is now quite flown away and abolished. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Essex (i. 350). 
 
 BERIBANDED, adorned with ribbons. 
 
 Nutbrown maids and nutbrown men, all 
 clean-washed, loud-laughing, bedizened and 
 beribanded ; who came for dancing, for treat- 
 ing, and, if possible, for happiness. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 BERIBBON, to deck with ribbons. 
 
 He was so beribbon'd all over, that one 
 would have thought all the milliners in the 
 place had join'd their stocks to furnish him. 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 210. 
 
 Her attire was as flaunting as her air and 
 her manner : she was rouged and beribboned. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vii. 26. 
 
 BERIDE, to ride by the side. 
 'Tis so, those two that there beride him, 
 And with such graces prance beside him, 
 In pomp, infallibly declare 
 Themselves the sheriffs ; he the Mayor. 
 D r Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 2. 
 
 BERINSE, to wash. 
 So turn, good Lord, O turn the hearts of 
 
 Princes, 
 Whose rage their realms with Saints' dear 
 
 bloud berinses. 
 
 Sylvester, Bethulia's Rescue, vi. 218. 
 
 BERRETTA, a priest's cap. 
 
 When at the corner cross thou did'st him 
 
 meet, 
 
 Tumbling his rosaries hanging at his belt, 
 Or his berretta, or his tow red felt. 
 
 Hall, Sat., IV. vii. 52. 
 
 BERUBRICK, to mark as a red letter 
 day. 
 
 We have be-rubrick'd each day in the week, 
 almost in the yeer, with English blood. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XL ii. 43. 
 
 BERUFFED, wearing ruffs. 
 The winter came, the winds were bleak, 
 And the cold breeze blew o'er the lake ; 
 When Madam Syntax never stirr'd 
 But well berujfd and well befurr'd. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. v. 
 
 BESCORCH, to burn. Stanyhurst 
 ii. 284) speaks of " that od Hector 
 that with wyld fire thee Greekish nauye 
 beskorched." 
 
 BESCOUNDREL, to abuse as a scoundrel. 
 " Surly Sam " is Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Surly Sam, inflamed with Tory rage, 
 Nassau bescoundrels. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 101. 
 
 BESCOUR, to overrun. 
 
 France too is bescoured with a Devil's pack, 
 the baying of which at this distance of half 
 a century still sounds in the mind's ear. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. IH. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 BESEECHINGNESS, deprecation ; en- 
 treaty. 
 
 The husband's determination to mastery 
 which lay deep below all blandness and 
 beseechingness had risen permanently to the 
 surface now. G. Eliot, Romola, ch. xlviii. 
 
 BESEEN, garment, clothes. The parti- 
 ciple beseen is used by old writers for 
 " clad." 
 
 The Curate in his best Beseen solemnly 
 received him at the Churchyard stile. Defoe, 
 Tour thro 1 G. Britain, i. 405. 
 
 BESET, to place beside, and so to 
 transmit. 
 
 Was never fox but wily cubs begets, 
 
 The bear his fierceness to his brood besets. 
 Hall, Sat., IV. iii. 69. 
 
 BESHACKLE, to hamper, perplex. 
 
 Who this King should bee, beshacklcd theyr 
 wits. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 
 170). 
 
 BESHOUT, to greet with shouts. See 
 quotation, s. v. BEGROAN. 
 
 So fare the eloquent of France, bemur- 
 mured, besJiouted. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. IV. ch. viii.
 
 BESHRIVELLED 
 
 ( 55 ) 
 
 BE SPY 
 
 BESHRIVELLED, wrinkled ; withered. 
 Ill-luck in its worst guise is seen 
 In that beshrivelled face and mien. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iii. 
 
 BESING, to celebrate in song. 
 
 When Britain first, at Heaven's command, 
 arose, with a great deal of allegorical con- 
 fusion, from out the azure main, did her 
 guardian angels positively forbid it [proper 
 provision for an aged pauperess] in the 
 Charter which has been so much besung. 
 Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, iii. 
 
 BESMOKE, to tinge with smoke. 
 
 They burn up rapidly, and from within 
 there rises by machinery an uncombustible 
 statue of Wisdom, which by ill-hap gets be- 
 smoked a little ; but does stand there visible 
 in as serene attitude as it can. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VI. ch. iv. 
 
 The besmoked evergreens were sprinkled 
 with a dirty powder, like untidy snuff-takers. 
 Dickens, Sard Times, ch. xxii. 
 
 BESMDTTED, touched with smut. 
 
 So at Marseilles, what one besmutted, red- 
 bearded corn-ear in this which they cut ; one 
 gross man we mean with copper-stndded 
 face ? Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. 
 iii. 
 
 BESOIL, to soil, cast aspersions on. 
 See extract, s. v. BETOIL. 
 
 That which the Commons called The Re- 
 monstrance of the state of the Kingdom 
 came forth by their voice Decemb. 15, to 
 besoil his Majesty's reign with studied bitter- 
 ness. Socket, Life of Williams, ii. 164. 
 
 His rosy face besoiled with unwiped tears. 
 Coleridge, Foster-Mother's Tale. 
 
 BESOM-WEED, the besom-plant; cytisus 
 scoparius. See N. and Q., 5th s., x. 
 409. 
 
 Others will perswade, if any list to believe, 
 that by a witch-bridle they can make a pair 
 of horses of an acre of besome-weed. Fulle)', 
 Holy State, Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 BESOOTHE, to soothe. 
 When they were gone, Hee 'gan embrace and 
 
 busse 
 
 The trembling Lady ; who besoothes him thus. 
 Sylvester, ethulia'$ Rescue, vi. 60. 
 
 BESPADED, provided with spade. 
 
 The neighbouring villages turn out ; their 
 able men come marching to village fiddle, or 
 tambourine and triangle, under their Mayor, 
 or Mayor and Curate, who also walk bespaded 
 and in tricolor sash. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 II. Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 BESPARKLE, to sparkle. In some 
 copies the word is disparkling. 
 
 Mount up thy flames, and let thy torch 
 Display thy bridegroome in the porch, 
 
 In his desires 
 
 More towriug and besparkling than thy fires. 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 449. 
 
 BESPEAK. See quotation. 
 
 " I've been thinking of bringing out 
 that piece of yours on her bespeak night." 
 "When?" asked Nicholas. "The night of 
 her bespeak, her benefit night when her 
 friends and patrons bespeak the play." 
 Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. xxiv. 
 
 BESPEAK, to speak ill of, or ill- 
 omenedly. 
 
 My tongue is so farre from bespeaking 
 such lands with any ill successe, that I wish 
 to all lawfully possessed of them . . . that 
 peaceably and prosperously they may enjoy 
 them. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VI. vii. 14. 
 
 BESPECTACLED, fitted with spectacles, 
 and so dim-sighted. 
 
 It is impossible that a white-veiled, lank, 
 and bespectacled duenna should move or 
 excite a wanton thought. Jarvis's Don 
 Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. II. ch. xvi. 
 
 In a most blinkard, bespectacled, logic- 
 chopping generation, Nature has gifted this 
 man with an eye. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. 
 Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 BESPEECHED, pestered by speakers. 
 
 Silence is deep as eternity ; speech is 
 shallow as time. Paradoxical does it seem ? 
 Woe for the age, woe for the man, quack- 
 ridden, bespeeched, bespouted, blown about 
 like barren Sahara, to whom this world-old 
 truth were altogether new. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 138. 
 
 BESPILL, to spill about. 
 By every drop of blood bespilt, 
 By Afric's wrongs, and Europe's guilt, 
 Awake ! arise ! revenge ! 
 
 Southey, To the Genius of Aft ica. 
 
 BESPOUTED, bespeeched, q. v. 
 
 BESPUE, to foul with vomit. 
 
 That bespues 
 Her husband. 
 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, vi. 108. 
 
 BESPURTLE, besprinkle. 
 
 Come down, thou ragged cur, and snarl 
 here ; I give thy dogged sullenness free 
 liberty : trot about, and bespurtle whom thou 
 pleasest. Marston, The Malcontent, i. 2. 
 
 They sputter their venom abroad, and be- 
 spurtle others. Adams, iii. 21. 
 
 BESPY, to beset with espionage. 
 
 Poor Pitt ! They little know what work he 
 has with his own Friends of the People, 
 getting them bespied, beheaded. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev.,Yt. III. Bk. III. ch. viii.
 
 BESTAR 
 
 BETATTERED 
 
 BESTAR, to illumine, or to spangle. 
 The poem from which the second ex- 
 tract is taken has also been attributed 
 to Herrick. In the last quotation the 
 word means adorned with a star of 
 some knightly order. 
 
 O lady-cow, 
 
 Thou shalt no more bestar thy wanton brow 
 "With thine eyes' rayes. 
 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 274. 
 A rich mantle he did wear, 
 Made of tinsel gossamer ; 
 Bestarred over with a few 
 Diamond drops of morning dew. 
 
 Mennis, Oberon's Apparel (1655). 
 The late first lord of the Admiralty . . . 
 remains among his bestarred colleagues still 
 Mr. Smith. Spectator, June 12, 1880, p. 
 739. 
 
 BEST-BE-TRUST, credit. 
 
 Thy muse is a nayler, and wears clothes 
 upon best-be-tntat ; thou'rt great in some- 
 body's books for this, thou know'st where : 
 thou wouldsb be out at elbows and out at 
 heels too, but that thou layest about thee 
 with a bill for this, a bill. Dekker, Satiro- 
 mastix (Hawkin's Eny. Dr., III. 173). 
 
 BESTE, a game like loo : sometimes 
 written beast. 
 
 For these you play at purposes, 
 And love your loves with A's and B's ; 
 For these at Beste and L' Ombre woo, 
 And play for love and money too. 
 
 Hudibras, III. i. 1007. 
 She could willingly claw Admiral Pen- 
 guin's eyes out for not being able to save 
 her from being beasted ; while Dame Owlet is 
 . . . thinking to herself how fortunate she is 
 to have snug in her own hand the happy card 
 that is to do the business. Nares, Thinks I 
 to Myself, ii. 136. 
 
 BESTEER, to guide, pilot. 
 How blest wert thou that didst thee so 
 besteere. Davies, /Sonnet to Sir T. Erskin. 
 
 BESTOCK, to stock or furnish. 
 And now yf ther a man be founde, 
 That lookes for such prepared grownd, 
 Lett hym, but with indifferent skill, 
 Soe good a soile beestocke and till. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 439. 
 
 BESTOW AT, to bestow or spend on. 
 
 Two shafts I vainly did bestow 
 At two great princes, but of both my arrows 
 neither slew. Chapman, Iliad, v. 209. 
 
 BESTRADDLE, to straddle across. 
 
 My mischievous imagination would picture 
 him spurring a cask of hardware, like rosy 
 Bacchus bestriding a beer-barrel, or the little 
 gentleman who bestraddles the world in the 
 front of Hutching's Almanack. Irving, 
 Salmagundi, No. 12' 
 
 BESTRAPPED, strapped up. 
 The young lion's whelp has to grow up all 
 bestrapped, bemuzzled. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 86. 
 
 BESTROKE, to caress. 
 "Who would not then consume 
 
 His soule to ashes in that rich perfume, 
 Bestroakiny fate the while 
 He burns to embers on the pyle ? 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 449. 
 
 BESTUCK, studded. 
 Thou little tricksy Puck, 
 With antic toys so funnily bcstuck, 
 Light as the singing-bird that wings the air. 
 
 Hood, Ode to my Son. 
 BESULLY, to render foul or unpleas- 
 ing. The verses in which the extract 
 occurs are attributed by some to W. 
 Stroude. 
 
 The limber corps, besully'd o'er 
 "With meagre paleness, does display 
 A middle state 'twixt flesh and clay. 
 
 p. Corbet on Faireford Windows. 
 
 BESUNG, celebrated in song. 
 
 Bewailed, bewept, besitng by the whole 
 French people to this hour, it may be re- 
 garded as Barrere's masterpiece. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Sev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 BESWARM, to overrun. 
 On th' other side, Thrace subtle Greece be- 
 swarms. Sylvester, The Colonies, 356. 
 
 BESWEETEN, to make sweet. In some 
 copies the word is besweeted. 
 
 The elves present, to quench his thirst, 
 A pure seed-pearl of infant dew, 
 Brought and besireetned in a blew 
 And pregnant violet. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 126. 
 
 BESWELTERED, draggled. 
 
 Doughtye Cloanthus 
 
 And oother Trojans with rough seas storm ye 
 besweltred. Stanyhurst, dn., i. 497. 
 
 BETAINT, stained. 
 
 "What gars this din of mirk and baleful harm, 
 
 Where every wean is all betaint with blood ? 
 
 Greene, James IV., i. 3. 
 
 BETAKE, to take wrongly ; to mistake. 
 
 So He was . . . the Lamb that hath been 
 slain from the beginning of the world : and 
 therefore He is called juye sacrificiitm, a con- 
 tinual sacrifice ; and not for the continuance 
 of the mass, as the blanchers have blanched 
 it and wrested it, and as I myself did once 
 betake it. Latimer, i. 73. 
 
 BETATTERED, torn. 
 
 She brought a gown with her, but so be- 
 patch'd and betatter'd, I'll warrant you it had 
 been two hundred years out of fashion. T. 
 Broirn, Works, i. 240.
 
 BETHEL 
 
 ( 57 ) 
 
 BE VILLAIN 
 
 BETHEL See quotation. 
 
 in the year 1680 Bethel and Cornish were 
 chosen sheriffs. The former used to walk 
 about more like a corn-cutter than Sheriff of 
 London. He kept no house, but lived upon 
 chops, whence it is proverbial for not feast- 
 ing to Bethel the city. North, Examen, p. 
 93. 
 
 BETHUNDER, to strike as with thunder. 
 
 A Tuileries sold to Austria and Coblentz 
 should have no subterranean passage. Out 
 of which might not Coblentz or Austria issue 
 some morning, and, with cannon of long 
 range, foudroyer, bethunder a patriotic Saint- 
 Antoine into smoulder and ruin? Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. v. 
 
 BETHWACK, to belabour. 
 
 You have so skilfully hampered, bethwacked, 
 belammed, and bebumped the catchpole. 
 Urguhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xiii. 
 
 BETIDE, fortune. 
 
 My wretched heart, wounded with bad betide, 
 To crave his peace from reason is addrest. 
 
 Greene, from Never too Late, p. 299. 
 
 BETITLE, to entitle. 
 
 The king-killers were all swept away, and 
 a milder second picture was painted over the 
 canvas of the first, and betitled, Glorious 
 Revolution. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 82. 
 
 BETOCSIN, to sound the tocsin, or to 
 assail with the tocsin. 
 
 It has deliberated, beset by a hundred 
 thousand armed men with artillery-furnaces 
 and provision-carts. It has been betocsined, 
 bestormed. C'arlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. 
 VII. ch. v. 
 
 BETOILED, wearied with toil. 
 
 Poor Lackalls, all betoiled, besoiled, en- 
 crusted into dim defacement. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. I. Bk. IV. ch. iii. 
 
 BETRAMPLE, to trample down. 
 
 Out of which strange fall of formulas, 
 tumbling there in confused welter, letram- 
 pled by the patriotic dance, is it not passing 
 strange to see anew formula arise? Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. iv. 
 
 BETRAYNTED, same as bedreinted (?), 
 i.e. drenched, fully imbued. "With 
 teares all bedreint '' (Chaucer, Court of 
 Love, 577). 
 
 I thus muttered with roystring phrensye 
 betraynted. Stanyhurst, &n., ii. 611. 
 
 BETTERMENT, improvement. In the 
 extract from Buiiyan no betterment = 
 nothing to choose. 
 In very deed, God doth as doth a prudent 
 
 Sire, 
 Who little careth what may crosse his child's 
 
 desire, 
 
 But what may most availe unto his better- 
 ment. 
 
 Sylvester, Paradox against Libertie, 243. 
 Truly, said Christian,! have said the truth 
 of Pliable, and if I should also say the truth 
 of myself, it will appear there is no better- 
 ment 'twixt him and myself. Pilyrim's Pro- 
 gress, Pt. i. p. 35. 
 
 What betterment has since taken place in 
 workhouses is largely due to her initiative. 
 Guardian Newspaper, June 9, 1880, p. 767. 
 
 BETURBAXED, adorned with a turban. 
 In the extract it rather means suggest- 
 ive of a turban. 
 
 He had composed the first act of his 
 " Sultan Selim ; " but, in defiance of the 
 metre, he soon changed the title to " Sultan 
 Amurath," considering that a much fiercer 
 name, more bewhiskered and beturbaned. 
 De Qiiincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 48. 
 
 BETWEENITY, intermediate condition. 
 In the second extract cuckoldom is re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 The house is not Gothic, but of that 
 betweenity that intervened when Gothic de- 
 clined and Palladian was creeping in. Wai- 
 pole, Letters, ii. 174 (1760). 
 This state of man, and let me add obscenity, 
 Is not a situation of betweenity, 
 
 As some word-coiners are disposed to 
 
 call't 
 
 Meaning a mawkish as-it-were-ish state, 
 Containing neither love nor hate 
 
 A sort of water-gruel without salt. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 206. 
 
 The letters were written not for publica- 
 tion . . . and to rejoin heads, tails, and 
 beticeenities which Hayley had severed. 
 Southey, Letters, iii. 448. 
 
 BETWIT, to taunt. 
 
 Strange how these men, who at other times 
 are all wise men, do now in their drink betuntt 
 and reproach one another with their former 
 conditions. Pepys, April 2, 1661. 
 
 BE-ULCER, to cover with ulcers. 
 
 Satan . . . having Job in his power . . . 
 only lie-ulcered him on his skin and outside 
 of his body. Fuller, Worthies, Yorkshire (ii. 
 520;. 
 
 BEVEILED, covered with a veil. 
 Wee keepe thee midpath with darcknesse 
 mightye beueyled. Stanyhurst, ^En., ii. 369. 
 
 BEVILLAIN, to abuse as a villain. 
 North has also berogue, p. 117, which 
 word, however, is in N. with a quot- 
 ation from another writer. Cf. BE- 
 
 RASCAL. 
 
 After Mr. S. Atkins had bevillained the 
 Captain sufficiently, he was bid consider till 
 the afternoon. North, Examen, p. 247.
 
 BE VOMIT 
 
 ( 58 ) BIBLIOLOGIST 
 
 BEVOMIT, to vomit at or round. 
 
 Mentz is changing into an explosive crater ; 
 vomiting fire, bevomited with fire. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Eev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 BEWELCOME, to greet with welcome. 
 King Helenus, with a crowding coompanye 
 
 garded, 
 
 From towne to us bnskling, vs as his freends 
 freendlye bewelcomd. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 359. 
 
 BEWHISKEB, to adorn with whiskers. 
 See extract, s. v. BETURBANED. 
 
 'Twas she who bewhisker'd St. Bridget. 
 Sterne, Tr. Shandy, iv. 12. 
 
 The rest of the traiu had been metamor- 
 phosed in various ways ; the girls trussed 
 up in the finery of the ancient belles of the 
 Bracebridge line, and the striplings bewhis- 
 kered with burnt cork. Irving, Sketch-Book 
 (Christinas Dinner). 
 
 BEWHISTLE, to whistle round. 
 
 Dumouriez and his Staff strike the spurs 
 in deep ; vault over ditches into the fields, 
 which prove to be morasses ; sprawl and 
 plunge for life, bewMstled with curses and 
 lead. Carlyle, Fr. Eev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 BE WHITEN, to make white. 
 The cot that's all bewhiten'd o'er, 
 With children playing at the door. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xix. 
 
 BEWIGGED, adorned with a wig. See 
 quotation, s. v. BEHATTED. 
 
 There was one individual who amused 
 us mightily: this was one of the lemyyed 
 gentlemen in the red robes. Sketches by 
 Boz (Doctors' Commons). 
 
 She saw strange old women, painted, pow- 
 dered, and bewigyed, in hideous imitation of 
 youth. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xiv. 
 
 The pile was in half a minute pushed over 
 to an old beioigged woman with eye-glasses 
 pinching her nose. G. Eliot, Daniel De- 
 ronda, ch. i. 
 
 BEWINGED, furnished with wings. 
 An angel throng, beicinged, bedight 
 
 In veils and drowned in tears, 
 Sit in a theatre, to see 
 A play of hopes and fears. 
 E. A. Poe, Conquering Worm (ii. 31). 
 
 BEWIZARD, to affect by magical arts. 
 She cannot, by what conjuring you will, 
 Be more beioizarded than I'm bewitched. 
 
 Taylor, St. Clemenfs Eve, i. 2. 
 
 BEWOUND, to inflict wounds. 
 With wounded spirit I salute Thy wounds, 
 O aM-beteounding Sacrifice for sinne ! 
 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 16. 
 
 BEWPERS, material for flags. 
 With my cozen Richard Pepys upon the 
 'Change about supplying us with bevpers 
 
 from Norwich, which I should be glad of, if 
 cheap. Pepys, June 16, 1664. 
 
 BEYSAUNCE, obeisance. 
 
 The ancient trade of this realm in education 
 of youth (before the late time replenished 
 with all mischief) was to yoke the same with 
 the fear of God, in teaching the same to use 
 prayer morning and evening, ... to make 
 beysaunce to the magistrates, &c. Huggard, 
 Displaying of the Protestants, p. 85 (1556). 
 
 BIB-ALL-NIGHT, a confirmed toper. 
 
 Bats, Harpies, Syrens, Centaurs, Bib-all- 
 nights. Sylvester, Lacrymm Lacrymaruni, 
 101. 
 
 BIBATION, drinking. 
 
 Royal cheer and deep libation. S. Naylen 
 Reynard the Fox, 4. 
 
 BIBBERY, drinking. 
 
 I never eat any confections, page, whilst I 
 am at the bibbery. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. 
 I. ch. xl. 
 
 BIBLE-OATH, a solemn oath taken on 
 the Bible. Cf. BOOK OATH. 
 
 Madam Marwood took a book, and swore 
 us upon it, but it was but a book of poems. 
 So long as it was not a Bible-oath, we may 
 break it with a safe conscience. Congreve, 
 Way of the World, v. 2. 
 
 They say this Comnenus is sworn friend 
 and minister to the Devil. I tell thee Satan 
 took his Bible-oath to back him out in aught 
 he put his hand to. Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, 
 i. 3. 
 
 I doubted the correctness of your state- 
 ment, though backed by your lordship's 
 Bible-oath. Thackeray, Virginians, ch. xcii. 
 
 BIBLICALITY, any matter connected 
 with the Bible. 
 
 He would study theology, biblicalities, . . . 
 then seek to obtain orders. Carlyle, Life of 
 Sterling, Pt. I. ch. xv. 
 
 BIBLIOGONY, birth or pedigree, i. e. 
 authorship of books. 
 
 If, I say, the book of the Doctor were in 
 like manner to be denominated, according to 
 one or other of the various schemes of biblio- 
 gony. which have been devised for explaining 
 its phenomena, the reader might be expected 
 in good earnest to exclaim, " Bless us, what a 
 word on a title-page is this ! " Southey, The 
 Doctor, Interchapter xiii. 
 
 BIBLIOLOGIST, one learned in biblio- 
 graphy. 
 
 If it has not been satisfactorily ascertained 
 whether there were one, two, three, or four 
 John Websters, after so much careful investi- 
 gation by the most eminent bibliologiats, . . . 
 by whom can the question be answered con- 
 cerning the authorship of this Opus ? 
 Sonthey, TJie Doctor, Interchapter xviii.
 
 BIBLIOLOGY 
 
 ( 59 ) 
 
 BILAND 
 
 BIBLIOLOGY, book-lore. 
 
 He must be little versed in liUioloyy who 
 has not learnt that such reminiscences are 
 not more agreeable to an author himself than 
 they are to his readers (if he obtain any) in 
 after times. Southey, The Doctor, Inter- 
 chapter x. 
 
 BIBLIOPOLIC, pertaining to book- 
 selling. 
 
 Sartor Resartus . . . was not then even a 
 book, but was still hanging desolately under 
 bibliopolic difficulties, now in its fourth or 
 fifth year, on the wrong side of the river, 
 as a mere aggregate of Magazine Articles. 
 Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. II. ch. ii. 
 
 BID AND BEADS. This appears from 
 the context to be some sort of neckcloth 
 or ruffle. 
 
 I have not been able yet to langh him out 
 of his long bid and leads. Indeed that is 
 because my mother thinks they become him ; 
 and I would not be so free with him as to 
 own I should choose to have him leave it off. 
 If he did, so particular is the man, he would 
 certainly, if left to himself, fall into a King- 
 William's cravat, or some such antique chin- 
 cushion, as by the pictures of that prince 
 one sees was then the fashion. Richardson, 
 Cl. ffarlowe, ii. 6. 
 
 BIDDABLE, complying ; obedient. 
 
 She is exceedingly attentive and useful, 
 and not at all presumptuous ; indeed I never 
 saw a more biddable woman. Dickens, Dom- 
 bey and Son, ch. viii. 
 
 A more gentle, biddable invalid than the 
 poor fellow made can hardly be conceived. 
 H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. xliv. 
 
 BIDENT, an instrument with two 
 prongs. 
 
 They are all bound t' him (on my word) : 
 Mars for his Cuirace, Shield, and Sword ; 
 The blust'ring JSol for his bident, 
 And Neptune for his massy trident. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 232. 
 
 BIENNESS, prosperity. 
 
 There was a prevailing air of comfort and 
 " bienness " about the people and their houses. 
 Black, Princess of Thule, ch. ii. 
 
 BIFARIOUS, twofold ; facing both 
 ways. 
 
 He is a violent moderator among such 
 bifarious anythingarians, that always make 
 their interest the standard of their religion. 
 T. Urown, Works, iii. 97. 
 
 BIFOBKED, having two ridges. Bi- 
 furcated is more common. " The bi- 
 f orked hill " is Parnassus. 
 
 "Tis true with little care, and far less skill, 
 I pace a Poney on the bifork'd Hill. 
 
 Colman, Vagaries Vindicated, p. 175. 
 
 BIFRONT, twofaced. 
 
 "While bi-front Janus' frosty frowns do 
 threat. 
 
 Sylvester, second day, first weeke, 492. 
 O ! let the honour of their names be kept, 
 
 For having quencht so soon so many fires, 
 Disarm'd our arms, appeas'd the heav'nly 
 
 ires, 
 
 Calm'd the pale horror of intestin hates, 
 And dammed up the bi-front Father's gates. 
 Ibid., the Handy-Crafts, 49. 
 
 BIG, winter barley. See quotation 
 from Harl. Misc., s.v. BEAR; also L. 
 
 The big (viz. a four-rowed barley) is seldom 
 ripe. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 273. 
 
 They have commonly pottage to dinner 
 composed of cale or cole, leeks, barley or biff, 
 and butter. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, ii. 
 104. 
 
 BIGTH, size ; bigness. The extract is 
 part of a receipt "for to kill a corn." 
 
 Take of the bigth of a walnut of all yeast 
 that is hard, and sticks to the tub side. 
 Queen's Closet Opened, p. 104 (1655). 
 
 BIG-WIG, a high official ; in the quot- 
 ation from Dickens, an eminent lawyer. 
 
 " "We'll have a biy-icig, Charley ; one that's 
 got the greatest gift of the gab to carry on 
 his defence." . . . . " "What a game ! what 
 a regular game ! All the big-wigs trying to 
 look solemn, and Jack Dawkins addressing 
 of 'em as intimate and comfortable as if 
 he was the judge's own son making a speech 
 arter dinner." Dickens, Olive)- Tivist, ch. xliii. 
 
 Her husband was a member of the Cham- 
 ber of Deputies, a Conseiller d'Etat, or other 
 French big-icig. Thackeray, The Neiccomes, 
 ch. xlvi. 
 
 So you are going to sit among the big-trigs 
 in the House of Lords. H. Kingsley, Geoffry 
 Hamlyn, ch. xlv. 
 
 BIGWIGGISM, pomposity, as exhibited 
 by big-wigs, q. v. 
 
 I determined not to try anything in Lon- 
 don for a good many years at least. I didn't 
 like what I saw when I was studying there 
 so much empty bigirigyism and obstructive 
 trickery. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xvii. 
 
 BILAND, peninsula. At p. 668 of 
 Holland' s Camden it is used indiffer- 
 ently with the word " promontory " in 
 reference to the S. W. portion of Car- 
 narvonshire. It is also spelt byland. 
 
 From S. Michael's Mount Southward, im- 
 mediately there is thrust forth a Inland or 
 demi-Isle. Holland's Camden, p. 189. 
 
 Beneath this, lyeth West-Grower, and by 
 reason of two armes of the Sea winding in, 
 on either side one, it becometh a biland. 
 Ibid. p. 646.
 
 BILGE 
 
 ( 60 ) BIRD IN THE HAND 
 
 BILGE, to knock a hole in the bilge, 
 being that part of the bottom of a ship 
 on which she would rest if aground. 
 
 "We chased a schooner, which ran on shore 
 and bilged. Marry at, Fr. Mildtnay, ch. xiv. 
 
 BILK, fallacious. The word was com- 
 mon as a verb, and is still in use ; also 
 as a substantive = nothing, as in the 
 second quotation (see also Jonson, 
 Tale of Tub, I. i. ; Hudibras, III. Hi. 
 376) ; but the adjectival use is rarer. 
 
 To that [Oates's plot] and the author's 
 bilk account of it I am approaching. North, 
 Eiamen, p. 129. 
 
 Bedloe was sworn, and being asked what 
 he knew against the prisoner, answered, 
 Nothing. . . . Bedloe was questioned over 
 and over, who still swore the same bilk. 
 Ibid. p. 213. 
 
 BILLETING, an architectural term ap- 
 plied to an ornament often used in 
 Norman work, being an imitation of 
 wooden billets placed in a hollow 
 moulding. 
 
 The piers are enriched with groupes of 
 small columns supporting arches ornamented 
 with archivolts of mouldings enriched with 
 billeting. W. Wilkins, 1796 (Archasol., xii. 
 164). 
 
 BILLY-ROLLER. See extract. 
 
 " What is the billy-roller ?" . . . " It's a 
 long stout stick, ma'am, that's used often 
 and often to beat the little ones employed in 
 the mills when their strength fails." Mrs. 
 Trollope, Michael Armstrong, ch. xiv. 
 
 BILOCATION. See extract. 
 
 The word bilocation has been invented to 
 express the miraculous faculty possessed by 
 certain saints of the Roman Church, of being 
 in two places at once. E. Tylor, Primitive 
 Culture, i. 447. 
 
 BIND. See extract, and H., s. v. 
 
 A bind of eels consists of ten sticks, and 
 every stick of twenty-five eels. Archaol.. 
 xv. 357 (1806). 
 
 BIND. When a falcon seized on its 
 prey it was said to bind with it. 
 
 A bardie hawke is highly esteemed, and 
 they have a kind of them . . so strangely 
 courageous, that nothing flieth in the aire 
 that they will not bind with. Sandys, Tra- 
 vels, p. 76. 
 
 A cast of haggard falcons, by me mann'd, 
 Eyeing the prey at first, appear as if 
 They did turn tail ; but with their labouring 
 
 wings 
 Getting above her, with a thought their 
 
 pinions 
 
 Cleaving the purer element, make in, 
 And by turns bind with her. 
 
 Masfinger, The Guardian, I. i. 
 
 BIND PRENTICE, lay under compul- 
 sion. 
 
 His promise had liound him prentice. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 57. 
 
 BINGO, brnndy (slang). It is in allu- 
 sion probably to this sense of the word 
 that Scott culled the sottish baronet in 
 St. Kenan's Well Sir Bingo Binks. 
 
 Some soda-water with a dash of bingo 
 clears one's head in the morning. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 BINGY, sour. 
 
 I've heerd my aunt say as she found out 
 as summat was wrong wi' Nancy as soon as 
 the milk turned Irinyy, for there ne'er had 
 been such a clean lass about her milk-cans 
 afore that. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 BIOGRAPHEE, the subject of a bio- 
 graphy. 
 
 There's too much of the biographer in it, 
 and notenough of the biographee. Athenaum, 
 Nov. 29, 1879, p. 687. 
 
 BIOGRAPHIST, biographer. 
 
 Want of honest heart in the Bioyraphists 
 of these Saints . . betrayed their pens to snch 
 abominable untruths. Fuller, Worthies, ch. 
 iii. 
 
 BIRCH, to strike with the birch ; to 
 flog. 
 
 There I was birch'd, there I was bred, 
 There like a little Adam fed 
 
 From Learning's woeful tree ! 
 
 Hood, Ode on Prospect of 
 Claphain Academy. 
 
 BIRD-BAITING. See quotation, and H., 
 s. v. Bird-batting. 
 
 These people who now approached were no 
 other, reader, than a set of young fellows 
 who came to these bushes in pursuit of a 
 diversion which they call bird-baiting. This 
 ... is performed by holding a large clap-net 
 before a lantern, and at the same time beating 
 the bushes ; for the birds when they are dis- 
 turbed from their places of rest or roost 
 immediately make to the light, and so are 
 enticed within the net. Fielding. Jos. An- 
 drews, Bk. II. ch. x. 
 
 BIRD-BOW, a bow for shooting bird- 
 bolts, q. v. in N. The extract is from 
 a deposition made towards the end of 
 the sixteenth century. 
 
 About one birdebowe shot from the said 
 Master Throckmorton's House, this Examiu- 
 ate, walking with Penry, saw lying before 
 him in ye way a Roll of Paper. Arber, In- 
 trod, to Marprelate Controversy, p. 134. 
 
 BIRD IN THE HAND, something cer- 
 tain or practical, as opposed to the bird
 
 BIRDLESS 
 
 BISHOPESS 
 
 in the bush, which is remote and un- 
 certain. 
 
 The Prince knew well where he was now ; 
 *vhen all their capitulations were held to 
 be star-shootings, flashes, and meteors, with- 
 out the bird in the hand. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 163. 
 
 Simple ! let fly the bird toithin the hand, 
 To catch the bird again within the bush. 
 
 Tennyson, Harold, II. ii. 
 
 BIRDLESS. See extract. 
 
 He had hearde of a certaine rocke in the 
 Indies, whiche by reason of the exceeding 
 height of it is called in Greke aopvot. bird- 
 lesse, as if ye would saie, so high that the 
 birdes maie not get to the toppe of it. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 217. 
 
 BIRDLIME, a thief ; one to whom other 
 people's property sticks ; also as an 
 adj. thievish. Of. LIME-FINGERED. 
 
 My rogue of a son has laid his birdlime 
 fingers on't. Vanbrugh, Confederacy, III. ii. 
 
 That birdlime there stole it. Ibid. v. 2. 
 
 BIRD'S-EYE, having yellow spots like 
 birds' eyes. 
 
 He wore a blue bird's-eye handkerchief 
 round his neck. Hughes, Tom Brown at 
 Oxford, ch. xviii. 
 
 BIRDSNIE, a term of endearment. Cf. 
 
 PlGSNIE. 
 
 Oh my sweet birdsnie, what a wench have 
 I of thee ! Davenport, City Night-Cap, Act 
 
 BIRDS OF A FEATHER, people of the 
 same character or appearance. The last 
 extract gives the full form of the pro- 
 verb. 
 
 Reboam, scorning these old senators, 
 Leans to his younglings, minions, flatterers, 
 Birds of a feather that with one accord 
 Cry out, importune, and persuade their lord 
 Not sillily to be by such disturb'd. 
 
 Sylvester, The Schisme, 80. 
 
 These, for distinction, and that they might 
 be known all birds of a feather, are suited in 
 cassocks with a white guard athwart, which 
 gave this the name of the Parliament of 
 white bends. Hist, of Edward II., p. 58. 
 
 The idle and dissipated like birds of a 
 feather fock together. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. Ixv. 
 
 BIRTHDAYS seems to be used in ex- 
 tract for days of infancy. 
 
 Kent thy birthdays, and Oxford held thy 
 youth. Epitaph on Sir Ph. Sidney, 1591 
 (Eny. Garner, i. 292). 
 
 BISCUIT-WORMS, weevils. The fol- 
 lowing is from the first edition of the 
 Ancient Mariner (Lyrical Ballads, 
 
 1798) ; in later editions the line runs, 
 " It ate the food it ne'er had eat." 
 
 The marineres gave it biscuit-worms, 
 
 And round and round it flew. 
 
 Coleridge, Ancient Mariner, Pt. i. 
 
 BISEXED, of two sexes. Sylvester 
 calls Adam and Eve " our bisexed 
 parents free from sin " (Colonies, 22). 
 The word (but for the context) might 
 be taken as = hermaphroditical, in 
 which sense Sir T. Browne uses bisexous. 
 
 BISHOP, to exercise episcopal func- 
 tions (not only to confirm). 
 
 Harding and Saunders bishop it in England. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. ii. 12 (margin). 
 
 Kit-hard Smith, titulary Bishop of Chalce- 
 don, taking his honor from Greece, his profit 
 from uglaud (where he bishoped it over 
 all the Romish Catholiques), was now very 
 busie. Ibid. XI. ii. 7. 
 
 BISHOP. In 1831 two men, Bishop 
 and Williams, drowned an Italian boy 
 in Bethnal Green, in order to sell his 
 body to the doctors. In the extract 
 the speaker intends to throw overboard 
 a young fellow whose father he had 
 murdered some years before. In spite 
 of this passage, Bishop has escaped the 
 unenviable privilege enjoyed by Burke, 
 q. v., of adding a new word to the Eng- 
 lish language. 
 
 I Burked the papa, now I'll Bishop the son. 
 Inyoldsby Leg. (Account of a new play). 
 
 BISHOP. It is said of milk, soup, &c. 
 that is burnt that the bishop has put 
 his foot in it ; see first extract. 
 
 If the porridge be burned too, or the meat 
 over-roasted, we say, The bishop hath put his 
 foot in the pot, or, The bishop hath played the 
 cook, because the bishops burn whom they 
 lust, and whosoever displeaseth them. 
 Tyndale, i. 304. 
 
 Spare your ladle, sir; it will be as the 
 bishop's foot in the broth. Milton, Animadv. 
 on Remonstr., sect. 1. 
 
 Lady Ans. Why sure, Betty, thou art 
 bewitcht ; this cream is burnt too. 
 
 Lady Sm. Why, Madam, the bishop has set 
 his foot in it. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. i.). 
 
 Have an eye to th' milk, and see as it 
 doesna' boil o'er, for she canna stomach it 
 if it's bishopped e'er so little. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. iv. 
 
 BISHOPESS, female bishop, or a bishop's 
 wife. In the extract the Popish lam- 
 pooner puts the word into the mouth 
 of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 I'll see who 'tis that dare deny 'em 
 For Bishops, full as good as I am ;
 
 BISHOPLESS ( 62 ) BLABBER-LIPPED 
 
 Only in jurisdiction less 
 
 Than us, their Supream Bishopess. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. ii. p. 165. 
 
 BISHOPLESS, without a bishop. 
 
 Landaff, . . for the poorness thereof, lay 
 Bishopless for three years after the death 
 of Bishop Kitchin. Fuller, Worthies, Wales 
 (ii. 560). 
 
 BISHOPBIC. The county palatine of 
 Durham was so called ; the Bishop pre- 
 vious to Will. IV., 6&7,19, having 
 had palatine authority therein. 
 
 The air in this Bisliopric is pretty cold and 
 piercing. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Brit., iii. 220. 
 
 Mr. Greaves . . danced at the [York] As- 
 sembly with a young lady from the bishopric. 
 Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. iii. 
 
 BISHOPSHIP, episcopacy. 
 
 If therefore the superiority of bishopship 
 be grounded on the priesthood as a part of 
 the moral law, it cannot be said to be an 
 imitation. Milton, Reason of Ch. Gov., Bk. I. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 With the abolition of Most Christian King- 
 ship, and Most Talleyrand Bishopship, all 
 loyal obedience, all religious faith, was to 
 expire. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 BISK, to erase ( Wright's Prov. Diet.). 
 Southey is referring to a chapter in The 
 Doctor which some prudish book-club 
 had exscinded. He seems to mean 
 that it was cut out, not merely blotted 
 out with a pen. 
 
 The chapter condemned to that operation, 
 the chapter which has been not bisked, but 
 semiramised, is the hundred and thirty-sixth 
 chapter, concerning the pedigree and birth 
 of Nobs. Southey, The Doctor, chapter extra- 
 ordinary. 
 
 BISYLLABLE, dissyllable, which is the 
 more usual word. 
 
 To every bisillable they allowed two times, 
 and to a trissillable three times. Puttenham, 
 Arte of Ena. Poesie, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 BIT, AT FULL, unrestrained (so we 
 speak of giving the reins to passion). 
 
 Israel, whom God calleth Jeshurun, and 
 compareth to an heifer fed in large and 
 fruitful pastures, going always at full bit, 
 grew fat and wanton. Sanderson, iii. 194. 
 
 BITCHERY, whoredom. 
 Thither run Sots purely to be drunk that 
 they may . . forget the treachery of their 
 friends, the falsehood of their wives, the dis- 
 obedience of their children, the roguery of 
 their lawyers, the bitchery of their paramours, 
 or the ingratitude of the world. T. Brmcn, 
 Works, iii. 94. 
 
 BITE. The Diets, illustrate this word 
 
 in the sense of a deception, but in 
 all the examples the word is preceded 
 by the article ; it was, however, also 
 used as an interjection = the modern 
 expression, Sold I and also adjectivally, 
 as by Cibber. In the Spectator, No. 
 504, the greater part of which refers to 
 this word (see also No. 47), there is a 
 story of a man condemned to be hung, 
 who sold the reversion of his body to 
 a surgeon for a guinea. " This witty 
 rogue took the money, and, as soon as 
 he had it in his fist, cries, Bite ! I am 
 to be hang'd in chains." 
 
 Miss. I'm sure the gallows groans for you. 
 
 Nev. Bite, Miss ; I was but in jest. Sicift, 
 Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 Ld. Mo. 'Tis possible I may not have the 
 same regard to her frown that your Lordship 
 has. 
 
 Ld. Fop. That's Bite, I am sure ; he'd give 
 a joint of his little finger to be as well with 
 her as I am. Cibber, Careless Husband, Act 
 III. 
 
 BITE IN, to swallow or conceal. 
 
 It was worth seeing how manly hee could 
 bite in his secret want, and dissemble his 
 over-late repentance. Hall, Epistles, Dec. i. 
 Ep. 5. 
 
 Let him, being put into that torturous 
 engine of burning brass, called the horse, 
 bite in his anguish. Adams, i. 439. 
 
 BITE-SHEEP, a scurrilous corruption 
 of Bishop. Gauden speaks of those 
 who called the Bishops " the Popes, the 
 Antichrists, the Bite-sheeps, the Oppress- 
 ors," &c., and goes on to say, "These 
 foule glosses first made by Martin Mar- 
 prelate" {Tears of the Church, p. 617). 
 
 BITTER, to make bitter : the com- 
 pound embitter is common. 
 
 'Tis hops that give a bitterness to beer. 
 
 Would not horse-aloes bitter it as well ? 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 21. 
 
 BIZZARRE, eccentric. L. gives the 
 word, but no earlier example than from 
 Hume. 
 
 Matter and Motions are bizarr things, 
 humoursome and capricious to excess. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 559. 
 
 Although he was very grave in his own 
 person, he loved the most bizarr and irregular 
 wits. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 117. 
 
 BLABBER-LIPPED, having thick lips. 
 See extract, s. v. BAKER-LEGGED. 
 
 Van. My poore cosin that attends the 
 Dutchesse, Lady Jeronime. 
 
 Eur. What, that blaberlijrt blouse ? Chap- 
 man, Mons. D'Olivc, v. i.
 
 BLABBING-BOOKS ( 63 ) BLACK SHEEP 
 
 BLABBING-BOOKS, tell-tales. 
 
 These are the nettlers, these are the 
 blabbing-books that tell, though not half, your 
 fellows feats. Milton, Animadv. on Remonst. 
 Def., sect. 1. 
 
 BLACK, ugly. Cf . the Latin niger. 
 
 Though I am black, I am sure all the world 
 will not forsake me ; and, as the old proverb 
 is, though I am black, I am not the devil. 
 Peele, Old Wives' Tale, p. 453. 
 
 To break off this for the entertainment of 
 vanity is more absurd than for a husband to 
 leave his fair and chaste wife, peerless for 
 beauty and innocency, for the embraces of 
 a black and stigmatical strumpet. Adams, 
 iii. 89. 
 
 BLACK- ART, magic. 
 
 These "Wizzards ween to win it by Black' 
 Art. Sylvester, The Trophies, p. 631. 
 
 Yet will he never study the black and 
 senseless art of calculating his birth and 
 death. Ward, Sermons, p. 54. 
 
 BLACK-ARTIST, a magician. 
 
 Let's also flee the furious-curious Spell 
 
 Of those Black-Artists that consult with 
 
 Hell 
 To finde things lost. 
 
 Sylvester, Little Bartas, 408. 
 
 BLACK-A-TOP, black-haired. 
 
 Can you fancy that black-a-top, snub-nosed, 
 sparrow-mouthed, paunch-bellied creature? 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 31. 
 
 BLACKAVICED, dark - complexioned. 
 See Jamieson, s. v. 
 
 I would advise her blackaviced suitor to 
 look out ; if another comes with a longer 
 or clearer rent-roll, he's dished. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xix. 
 
 BLACKBACK, the great black-backed 
 gull Larus Marinus. 
 
 Below them from the Gull-rock rose a 
 thousand birds, and filled the air with sound ; 
 the choughs cackled, the hacklets wailed, the 
 great blackbacks laughed querulous defiance 
 at the intruders. C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xxxii. 
 
 BLACKGUARD, to abuse. 
 
 There's enough of this chaff ; I have been 
 called names and blackguarded quite suffi- 
 ciently for one sitting. Thackeray, New- 
 comes, ch. xxix. 
 
 BLACK-HEART, a species of cherry. 
 The unnetted black-hearts ripen dark, 
 All thine, against the garden wall. 
 
 Tennyson, The Blackbird. 
 
 BLACK MONDAY. Easter Monday in 
 1360 was so cold that many of Edward 
 III.'s soldiers, then before Paris, died. 
 See H. and N. North's explanation 
 
 refers to some eclipse, but I have been 
 unable to discover any eclipse, likely to 
 be meant by him, occurring on a Mon- 
 day ; perhaps he had an idea that the 
 extreme cold on Easter Monday 1360 
 was caused by an eclipse. Black Mon- 
 day also = the Monday on which school 
 reopens. 
 
 The darkness was greater than under the 
 great solar eclipse that denominated Black 
 Monday. North, Examen, p 505. 
 
 She now hated my sight, and made home 
 so disagreeable to me, that what is called by 
 school-boys Black Monday was to me the 
 whitest in the whole year. Fielding, Tom 
 Jones, Bk. VIII. ch. xi. 
 
 BLACK -MOUTHED, abusive; foul- 
 mouthed. See extract, s.v. AVUNCULIZE. 
 
 BLACK-ON-WHITE, manuscript: usually 
 written black-and-white, as in the first 
 quotation. 
 
 Now am I down in black and white for a 
 tame fool ; is it not so ? Richardson, Grandi- 
 son, ii. 69. 
 
 The original covenant stipulating to pro- 
 duce Paradise Lost on the one hand and five 
 pounds sterling on the other still lies (we 
 have been told) in black-on-white, for in- 
 spection and purchase by the curious, at a 
 bookshop in Chancery Lane. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iii. 79. 
 
 His accounts lie all ready, correct in black- 
 on-white to the uttermost farthing. Ibid., 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. II. ch. viii. 
 
 BLACK ox (see N.) is applied to one 
 worn out with age or care. A different 
 proverb seems referred to in the ex- 
 tract. 
 
 "Was he not known to have been as wild a 
 man, when he was at first introduced into 
 our family, as he now is said to be ? Yet 
 then the common phrase of wild oats, and 
 black oxen, and such-like were qualifiers. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harloroe, i. 344. 
 
 BLACK-POT, drinking pot, and so a 
 reveller. 
 
 I'll be prince of Wales over all the black- 
 pots in Oxford. Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 160. 
 
 BLACK SHEEP, a reprobate ; a mau- 
 vais sujet. See another extract from 
 Thackeray, s. v. CLOTH. 
 
 Jekyl . . is not such a black sheep neither 
 but what there are some white hairs about 
 him. Scott, St. Ronarfs Well, ii. 312. 
 
 Their father had never had the courage to 
 acquaint them with his more true, kind, 
 and charitable version of Tom's story. So 
 he passed at home for no better than a black 
 sheep. Thackeray, Neiccomes, ch. v.
 
 BLADDER Y 
 
 BLAY 
 
 BLADDERY, swollen out like bladders. 
 In dim sea-cave with bladdery sea- weed 
 
 strewed. Coleridge, To a Lady. 
 See as they float along th' entangled weeds 
 Slowly approach, upborne on bladdery beads. 
 Crabbe, The Borough, Letter ix. 
 
 BLADE, to take by force, as with the 
 sword or blade. 
 
 At Damon's lodging if that you see 
 Auy sturre to arise, be still at haude by mee ; 
 Rather than I will lose the spoile, I will Made 
 
 it out. Edwards, Damon and Pithias 
 
 (Dodsley, O. PI., i. 248). 
 
 BLADER, one who makes knife-blades. 
 
 One may justly wonder how a knife may 
 be sold for one penny, three trades, anciently 
 distinct, concurring thereunto, bladers, haft- 
 makers, and sheath-makers, all since united 
 into the Corporation of Cutlers. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Yorkshire (ii. 492). 
 
 BLADES. This seems to have been one 
 of the cant names for the roaring boys in 
 the seventeenth century. Cf. UN BLADE. 
 I do not all this while account you in 
 The list of those are called the blades that 
 
 roar 
 In brothels, and break windows ; fright the 
 
 streets 
 At midnight, worse than constables ; and 
 
 sometimes 
 
 Set upon innocent bell-men to beget 
 Discourse for a week's diet ; that swear 
 
 dammes 
 To pay their debts, and march like walking 
 
 armories, 
 
 With poniard, pistol, rapier, and batoon, 
 As they would murder all the king's liege 
 
 people. 
 And blow down streets. 
 
 Shirley, The Gamester, Act I. 
 
 BLANCHER, a glosser. It is usually a 
 sporting term, and so Latimer uses it, 
 p. 76. See N. , s. v. 
 
 So He was . . the Lamb that hath been 
 slain from the beginning of the world ; and 
 therefore he is called juye sacrificium, a con- 
 tinual sacrifice ; and not for the continuance 
 of the mass, as the blanchers have blanched 
 it and wrested it, and as I myself did once 
 betake it. Latimer, i. 73. 
 
 BLAND. See quotation. 
 
 She filled a small wooden quaigh from an 
 earthen pitcher which contained bland, a sub- 
 acid liquor made out of the serous part of 
 the milk. Scott, The Pirate, ch. vi. 
 
 BLANDATION, an illusion ; something 
 that appears, but is unreal, like flattery 
 (the usual meaning of the word). 
 
 There's no bodie, nothing a meere blanda- 
 tion, a deceptio visus. Chapman, Widdowes 
 Teares, Act V. 
 
 BLANDILOQUOUS, smooth-speaking. 
 
 Though he flatter with the voice of the 
 hyena at the door, and give blandiloquous 
 proffers, yet " Janua fallaci non sit aperta 
 viro." Adams, ii. 54. 
 
 BLANDISH DOWN, to soften. 
 
 At her right hand in this cause labours 
 fair Josephine, the widow Beauharnais, 
 though in straitened circumstances : intent, 
 both of them, to blandish down the grimness 
 of republican austerity, and recivilize man- 
 kind. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VII. 
 ch. ii. 
 
 BLANKET. An illegitimate child is 
 said to be born on the wrong side of the 
 blanket. 
 
 Thof my father wan't a gentleman, my 
 mother was an honest woman ; I didn't come 
 on the wrong side of the blanket, girl. Smollett, 
 Humphrfy Clinker, ii. 185. 
 
 This person was natural son to a gentle- 
 man of good family. . . " Frank Kennedy," 
 he said, " was a gentleman, though on the 
 icrong side of the blanket." Scott, Guy Man- 
 nering, i. 83. 
 
 BLANKETING, material of which blan- 
 kets are made. 
 
 "Witney, ... so famous for the manufac- 
 tures of blanketing and rugs. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Britain, ii. 275. 
 
 BLASTBOB, gust of wind. Stanyhurst 
 (jfln., i. 559) has blastpufin the same 
 sense. 
 
 Thee boughs flap whurring, when stem 
 with blastbob is hacked. Stanyhurst, JEn., 
 iv. 467. 
 
 BLASTERUS, destructive ; blasting. 
 Much lyke as in corneshocks sindged with 
 
 blastcrns hurling 
 Of South wynd whizeling. 
 
 Stanyhurst, jEn., ii. 314. 
 
 BLATER, a calf (slang). To cry beef on 
 a blater = to make a fuss about nothing. 
 
 Don't be glim-flashy ; why you'd cry beef 
 on a blater. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixxxii. 
 
 BLAY, to bleat. 
 
 The multitude to Jove a suit imparts, 
 '\Yith neighing, Haying, braying, and barking, 
 Koriug and howling for to have a king. 
 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398. 
 Then adieu, dear flock, adieu : 
 But alas, if in your straying 
 Heavenly Stella meets with you, 
 Tell her in your piteous Maying 
 Her poor slave's unjust decaying. 
 
 Ibid., Astr. and Stella, ninth song. 
 He knows not the bleat/ing of a calf from 
 the song of a nightingale. Jltid., Wanstead 
 Pastoral, p. 622.
 
 BLAZES 
 
 BLINKARD 
 
 BLAZES. Like blazes = very vehe- 
 mently ; like fire (slang). 
 
 The horse was so maddened by the wound, 
 and the road so steep, that he went like blazes. 
 De Quineey, Spanish Nun, sect. 24. 
 
 BLAZONMENT, ostentatious publication. 
 
 Perhaps the person least complacently dis- 
 posed towards him at that moment was Lady 
 Mallinger, to whom going in procession up 
 this country-dance with Grandcourt was a 
 Uazonment of herself as the infelicitous wife 
 who had produced nothing but daughters 
 G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 BLEACH, bleak. 
 
 His devotion is rather to be admired than 
 his discretion to be commended, leaving a 
 fruitfull soile for a bleach, barren place. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. vi. 4. 
 
 BLEAR, to loll or thrust out. 
 
 To go on a man his tiptoes, stretching out 
 the one of his armes forwarde, the other 
 backwarde, which if he blered out his tunge 
 also, myght be thought to daunce anticke 
 verye properlye. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 47. 
 
 Linyula, a promontorie or hill lying in the 
 sea ; a narrowe peece of land, or a long ridge 
 running into the sea, like a toong blearing out 
 of the mouth. Nomenclator (1585), p. 399. 
 
 [They] stood staring and gaping upon Him, 
 wagging their heads, writhing their mouths, 
 yea, blearing out their tongues. Andrewes, 
 ii. 173. 
 
 BLEET, Blitum Virgatum, Strawberry 
 Elite. 
 
 Such hearbs as haue no streight and direct 
 root, run immediatly into hairie threds, as we 
 may see plainly in the orach and bleet. 
 Holland, Pliny, xix. 6. 
 
 ; BLEMOS. 
 
 She left the JEolian harp in the window, 
 as a luxury if she should wake, and coiled 
 herself up among lace pillows and eider 
 blemos. C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. ii. 
 
 BLESS ONESELF, to be surprised. See 
 extract from Gentleman Instructed, 
 s. v. SMART. 
 
 Sir Francis bless'd himself to find such 
 mercy from one whom he had so grievously 
 provok'd. Racket, Life of Williams, i. 84. 
 
 Could Sir Thomas look in upon us just 
 now, he would bless himself, for we are re- 
 hearsing all over the house. Miss Austen, 
 Mansfield Park, ch. xviii. 
 
 BLESS SELF FROM, have nothing to do 
 with. 
 
 Since my master longs to be undone, 
 The great fiend be his steward ; I will pray, 
 And bless myself from him. 
 
 Massinger, City Madam, II. i. 
 
 Simeon and Levi seemed to have just cause, 
 the whoredom of their own sister, yet then- 
 
 father calls them brethren in evil for it, 
 blesseth his lionour from their company, aud 
 his soul from their secrecy. Adams, ii. 322. 
 
 BLINDATION, something that shuts 
 out the light. 
 
 "We will not sit down charmed with the 
 concealments of these authors, who affectedly 
 build up blindations before one of the foulest 
 knots of iniquity that ever defiled the sun's 
 light. North, Examen, p. 196. 
 
 BLINDISH, somewhat blind. 
 
 Gerard's heart was better than his nerves : 
 he saw his friend's mortal danger, aud passed 
 at once from fear to blindish rage. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxiv. 
 
 BLINDLESS, without blinds. 
 
 It was my wont to wander all solitary, 
 gazing at the stars through the high blindless 
 windows. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xx. 
 
 The new sun 
 Beat through the blindless casement of the 
 
 room. Tennyson, Geraint and Enid. 
 
 BLINDLING, blind. 
 
 O that my head were a fountain of tears, 
 to weep for and bewail the stupidity, yea, 
 the desperate madness, of infinite sorts of 
 people that rush upon death, and drop into 
 hell blindling. Ward, Sermons, p. 57. 
 
 BLINDMAN'S HOLIDAY, the time when 
 it is too dark to do anything. Florio 
 (1597) has the phrase, s. v. feriato, 
 " vacancie from labour, rest from work, 
 blind mans holiday; " perhaps because 
 then the blind are at no disadvantage. 
 
 What will not blind Cupid doe in the 
 night, which is his blindman's holiday ? 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 167). 
 
 Indeed, madam, it is blindmarfs holiday; we 
 shall soon be all of a colour. Swift, Polite 
 Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 
 BLINK. H. says, "According to Ken- 
 nett, MS. Lansd., 1033, a term in set- 
 ting, when the dog is afraid to make his 
 point, but being over-aw'd comes back 
 from the scent." Hence applied to 
 persons who wilfully shut their eyes to 
 something. 
 
 There's a bitch, Towwouse, by G she 
 never blinked a bird in her life. Fielding, 
 Jos. Andrews, Bk. I. ch. xvi. 
 
 It is prettily said on behalf of the poetic 
 side of the profession ; there is a prosaic one 
 we'll blink it. Lytton, What will he do 
 with it ? Bk. I. ch. iv'. 
 
 Then those that did not blink the terror saw 
 That Death was cast to ground. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynttte. 
 
 BLINKARD, purblind. See quotation 
 s. v. BESPECTACLED. The Diets, only 
 give the word as a substantive. 
 
 F
 
 BLITHE 
 
 BLOOMLESS 
 
 Blinkard history has for the most part 
 all but overlooked this aspect. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 BLITHE, to rejoice. 
 
 Take heed by me that blith'd in baleful 
 bliss. Sackville, Duke of Buckingham, st. 68. 
 
 BLOB, a bubble, splotch, or blot. 
 
 Tom's friend, being of an ingenious turn 
 of mind, suggested sealing with ink, and the 
 letter was accordingly stuck down with a 
 Mob of ink. Hughes, Tom Brown's School- 
 days, Pt. I. ch. iii. 
 
 " All that it wants," said Bell, with a criti- 
 cal eye, " is a little woman in a scarlet shawl 
 under the trees there, .... making a little 
 blob of strong colour, you know, just like a 
 lady-bird among green moss. Black, Adven- 
 tures of a Phaeton, ch. v. 
 
 BLOCK, the head (slang). 
 
 I cleaned a groom's boots a Toosday, and 
 he punched my block because I blacked the 
 tops. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. xxxv. 
 
 BLONDNESS, fairness. 
 
 How lovely this creature was, . . herself 
 so immaculately blond, . . and yet with this 
 infantine blondness showing so much ready, 
 self-possessed grace. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 BLOOD. Bad blood = anger or dis- 
 union. 
 
 Partly to make bad blood, and partly to 
 force the king to let the parliament meet 
 and sit, which by diverse prorogations had 
 been put off, and might be so again, they 
 instituted a method of petitioning the king 
 that the parliament might meet and sit. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 25. 
 
 BLOOD. Best of blood = nearest of 
 kin. 
 
 He is my brother, and my best of blood. 
 Machin, Dumb Kniyht, Act V. 
 
 BLOOD-UUILTLESS, free from homicide 
 or murder. 
 
 I am glad you have got rid of your duel 
 blood-guiltless. Walpole to Mann, iii. 40 
 (1753). 
 
 BLOODS, blood relations. 
 
 I have so many cousins, and uncles, and 
 aunts, and bloods that grow in Norfolk, that 
 if I had portioned out my affections to them, 
 as they say I should, what a modicum would 
 have fallen to each ! Walpole, Letters, i. 99 
 (1741). 
 
 BLOODS, lives. The singular is com- 
 mon in this sense, but the Diets, give 
 no instance of the plural. 
 Your majesty remembers, I am sure, 
 What cruel slaughter of our Christian bloods 
 These heathenish Turks and Pagans lately 
 
 made. Marlmce, 2 Tamburlaine, II. i. 
 
 Much less can the Seminaries dying in 
 England for treason arrogate to themselves 
 the glory of martyrdom, though a vicious 
 affectation of it hath hardened them to such 
 a prodigality of their bloods. Adams, i. 92. 
 
 Worthy to be bought with all labour, with 
 expense of goods, with expense of bloods. 
 Ibid. iii. 92. 
 
 BLOODS. In Peregrine Pickle, ch. 
 xvi., it is stated that the senior boys at 
 Winchester " were distinguished by the 
 appellation of bloods." The term is 
 now unknown in the school, even by 
 tradition. 
 
 BLOOD-SLOKEN, blood-soaked. 
 The blood that they have shed will hide no 
 
 longer 
 
 In the blood-sloken soil, but cries to Heaven. 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. ii. 1. 
 
 BLOODSTICK, " a short heavy stick 
 used by farriers to strike their lancet 
 when bleeding a horse " (H., who, how- 
 ever, gives no example). 
 
 The handle [of the Protestant flail] resem- 
 bled a farrier's bloodstick. North, Examen, 
 p. 573. 
 
 BLOODSUCK, to suck blood. Shake- 
 speare has the participial adj., " blood- 
 sucking sighs" (3 Hen. VI., V. iv.). 
 
 Thus bloodsucketh he the poore for his own 
 private profite. Greene, Quip for Upstart 
 Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 418). 
 
 BLOOD-SUPPER, a murderous or blood- 
 thirsty person. Blood-sucker is used 
 by Shakespeare and others in this 
 sense. 
 
 A cruell deuelisshe lloudsupper dronken 
 in the bloude of the sayntes and marters 
 of Christ. Simon fish, Su2>plication for the 
 Beggars, p. 6. 
 
 BLOOD - THIRSTING, thirsting after 
 blood. 
 
 Assassination, her whole mind 
 Blood-thirsting, on her arm reclined. 
 
 Churchill, The Duellist, iii. 68. 
 
 BLOOD-WARM, of the temperature of 
 blood. 
 
 The Temper of the Water is equal to new 
 Milk, or Blood-warm, procuring a moderate 
 perspiration. Defoe, Tour thro" G. Brit., 
 iii. 85. 
 
 BLOODYFUL, full of blood. The word 
 in original is crudeles. 
 
 His brest he vncloased, thee wound, and 
 bluddyful altars. Stanyhurst, JEn.. i. 340. 
 
 BLOOMLESS, without bloom or blossom.
 
 BLOOMSBURY-BIRDS ( 67 ) 
 
 BLUCHERS 
 
 The hills are heathy, save that swelling 
 
 slope, 
 
 "Which hath a gay and gorgeous covering on, 
 All golden with the ne\er-bloomless furze, 
 Which now blooms most profusely. 
 
 Coleridge, Fears in Solitude. 
 
 BLOOMSBURY-BIRDS. 
 
 Our corner - miching priests with the 
 Bloomesberry- Birds their disciples, and other 
 hot-spirited recusants, cut out the way with 
 the complaints of their (no-grievous) suffer- 
 ings, which involved us in distractions. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 134. 
 
 BLODSED, clothed in a blouse or loose 
 frock. 
 
 There was a Housed and bearded French- 
 man or two. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. 
 xxxiii. 
 
 BLOW, to defile. Cf. FLY-BLOW. 
 
 He suffered them most patiently to lay 
 their hands most violently upon Him, and 
 to bind Him, and to lead Him forth as a 
 thief, and to scorn Him and buffet Him, and 
 ail-to blow or file Him with their spittings. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 72. 
 
 BLOWEN, a showy woman : used dis- 
 paragingly (thieves' cant). 
 
 Why don't they have a short simple service 
 now and then, that might catch the ears of 
 the roughs and the blmoens, without tiring 
 out the poor thoughtless creatures' patience, 
 as they do now ? C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. xi. 
 
 BLOWGUN, a gun whose missile was 
 propelled by the breath. 
 
 Many of them too are armed with the 
 pocuna, or blowyun, of the Indians ; more 
 deadly, because more silent, than the fire- 
 arms. C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xxiii. 
 
 BLOW HOT AND COLD, to be treacherous 
 or inconsistent. The expression alludes 
 to the story referred to in the first ex- 
 tract. 
 
 The hermit turned his guest out of doors 
 for this trick, that he could warm his cold 
 hands with the same breath wherewith he 
 cooled his hot pottage. Adams, i. 169. 
 
 Though she acknowledged she had power 
 from the Emperor to cause cessation of 
 arms in the Palatinate, and undertook to 
 put that power forth, yet with the same 
 breath she blew hot and cold. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, i. 180. 
 I could not lightly agitate and fan 
 The airier motions of an amorous fancy, 
 And by a skill in blowing hot and cold, 
 And changeful dalliance, quicken you with 
 
 doubts. Taylor, Virgin Widow, iv. 5. 
 
 BLOW-LINE. 
 
 Great anglers . . . who could do many 
 things besides handling a blow-line. C. 
 Kingsley, Two Years Ago, Introd. 
 
 BLOWN, flattered or puffed up. See 
 N., s. v. 
 
 I have to do 
 
 With many men, and many natures. Some 
 That must be blown and soothed, as Lentulus, 
 Whom I have heaved with magnifying his 
 
 blood. Jonson, Catiline, I. i. 
 
 BLOWN OFF, exploded. 
 
 A gross fallacy and inconsequence, con- 
 cluding ab imparibus tanquam paribus, and 
 more than sufficiently confuted and blown 
 off. South, iii. 222. 
 
 BLOW-OUT, an entertainment or feast. 
 
 " She sent me a card for her blow-out," said 
 Mowbray, " and so I am resolved to go." 
 Scott, St. Spnan's Well, ii. 264. 
 
 The giving good feeds is, with many of 
 these worthies, the grand criterion by which 
 the virtues and talents of mankind are mea- 
 sured. In the city, and amongst the junior 
 branches of certain honourable professions, 
 which shall be nameless, the phrase is 
 stronger, but the value and meaning are pre- 
 cisely the same : these persons call a similar 
 favour either a " spread " or a " blow-out." 
 Whenever I hear a man use either of these 
 expressions I take out my note-book and 
 insert his name in a list which I keep there, 
 the classification of which I shall here omit, 
 seeing that it may be sufficient to observe, 
 that the page in which the muster-roll of 
 such persons is written, is that which is the 
 farthest removed from another list which I 
 also keep of gentlemen. Tfi. Hook, Man of 
 Many Friends. 
 
 BLUBBERATION, crying. 
 
 They sang a quartetto in grand blubberation, 
 The stranger cried, Oh ! Mrs. Haller cried, 
 
 Ah! 
 
 H. and J. Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 177. 
 
 BLUB-CHEEKED, swollen-cheeked. 
 Rough-blustering Boreas, nurst with Ki- 
 
 phean snowe, 
 And blub-cheekt Auster, puft with fumes 
 
 before, 
 
 Met in the midst, justling for room, do roar. 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 1004. 
 
 BLUCHERS, boots of a somewhat com- 
 mon and clumsy description. 
 
 Islington clerks . . walked to town in 
 the conscious pride of white stockings and 
 cleanly-brushed Bluchers. Sketches by Boz 
 (Bloomsbury Christening). 
 
 It will not unfrequently happen that a pair 
 of trowsers inclosing a pair of boots with iron 
 heels, and known by the name of the cele- 
 brated Prussian General who came up to 
 help the other christener of boots at Water- 
 loo, will be flung down from the topmost 
 story. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xi. 
 
 I wouldn't have come in these Bluchers, if 
 I had known it. Confound it, no. Hoby 
 himself, my own bootmaker, wouldn't have 
 F 2
 
 BL UDDER 
 
 BLUE RUIN 
 
 allowed poor F. B. to appear in Bluchers, if 
 be had known that I was going to meet the 
 Duke. Ibid. ch. xiii. 
 
 BLUDi)ER,to talk nonsensically. Bale, 
 in his Declaration of Bonnefs Articles 
 (Art. xxxvi.), calls that Bishop "this 
 bussard, this beast, and this bluddering 
 papiste." 
 
 Ye are much better overseen than learned 
 in the Scriptures of God, as your old blind 
 bluddering predecessors hath been. Bale, 
 Select Works, p. 193. 
 
 BLUE, to make blue. 
 [God] playd the painter when He did so 
 
 gild 
 The turning globes, blew'd seas, and green 'd 
 
 the field. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 1175. 
 
 BLUE. To look blue = to be sad or 
 discomfited, referring perhaps to the 
 miserable look of a person who is very 
 cold ; so bluely = badly. 
 
 He still came off, but bluely. Urquhart's 
 Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xxxv. 
 
 Our cavalier had come off but bluely, had 
 the lady's rigour continu'd. T. Brown, 
 Works, i. 284. 
 
 Wise sir, I fear 
 We shall come off but blewly here. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 
 cant. i. p. 67. 
 
 But when Boscawen came, La Clue 
 Sheer'd off, and look'd confounded Hue. 
 Warton, Neicsman's Verses for 1760. 
 The cunningest engineers can do nothing. 
 Necker himself, were he ever listened to, 
 begins to look blue. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. 
 Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 BLUE, to make look blue (?) ; to dis- 
 concert (?). 
 
 King Edward III., who was deeply in love 
 with the Countess of Salisbury, was very for- 
 ward to take up a (blue) garter which 
 happen'd to drop from the lady's leg while 
 she was dancing at a ball. . . This action set 
 many of the company a laughing, which very 
 much blew'd the Countess. Misson, Travels 
 in Eng. p. 170. 
 
 BLUE, learned, or fond of literature 
 (applied to women) : often employed 
 disparagingly ; also as a substantive, a 
 learned woman. 
 
 He was a little the more anxious not to be 
 surprised to-night, lest his being too tired for 
 walking should be imputed to his literary 
 preference of reading to a blue. At tea Miss 
 Planta again joined us, and instantly be- 
 hind him went the book ; he was very right, 
 for nobody would have thought it more odd 
 or more blue. Mad. D'Arblay. Diary, iv. 219. 
 
 Les Dames cles Roches, both mother and 
 
 daughter, were remarkable and exemplary 
 women ; and there was a time when Poictiers 
 derived as much glory from those blue ladies 
 as from the Black Prince. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. Ixxxix. 
 
 BLUE BLOOD, a Spanish expression for 
 noble blood ; probably from the blue 
 veins of the Gothic race appearing be- 
 neath the fair skin, as distinguished 
 from the dark Moors, in whom this 
 would not be visible. 
 
 There were some foreign officers ; one in 
 particular, from Spain, of high rank and 
 birth, of the sangre azul, the blue blood, who 
 have the privilege of the silken cord, if they 
 should come to be hanged. Miss Edgeworth, 
 Helen, ch. xv. 
 
 Her blood may be as blue as King Philip's 
 own, but it is Spanish still. Kingsley, West- 
 ward Ho, ch. xxix. 
 
 Mary. They call him cold, 
 
 Haughty, ay, worse. 
 
 Renard. Why, doubtless Philip shows 
 
 Some of the bearing of your blue blood. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, i. 5. 
 
 BLUE-CAP, a Scotchman. The refer- 
 ence in the first quotation is to the 
 battle of Bannockbourn. 
 
 A rabble multitude of despised Blue-caps 
 encounter, rout, and break the flower of 
 England. Hist, of Edward II., p. 39. 
 Although he could neither write nor read, 
 Yet our General Lashly cross'd the Tweed, 
 With his gay gang of blew-caps all. 
 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 93. 
 
 BLUE EYES, black eyes. 
 
 To whom are wounds, broken heads, blue 
 eyes, maimed limbs ? Ward, Sermons, p. 150. 
 
 BLUEISM, the possession or affectation 
 of learning in a woman. 
 
 He had seen the lovely, learned Lady 
 Frances Bellamy, and had fallen a victim to 
 her beauty and Blueism. Th. Hook, Man of 
 Many Friends. 
 
 BLUE POINT, something worthless. A 
 point was a tag or lace, and blue was 
 the usual colour of a servant's livery ; 
 hence blue point = some coarse lace or 
 string on a servant's coat. Point by it- 
 self was used in this disparaging sense. 
 
 In matters not worth a blewe poinct . . we 
 will spare for no cost. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 8. 
 
 He was, for the respect of his qualities, 
 not to be estemed worth a blewe point or a 
 good lous. Ibid. p. 187. 
 
 I am sworn servant to Virtue ; therefore a 
 point for thee and thy villanies. Breton, 
 Dream of Strange Effects, p. 17. 
 
 BLUE RUIN, gin of apparently an in- 
 ferior quality. In a political tract
 
 BLUES 
 
 BLUSH 
 
 published in 1753, the English are 
 spoken of as " expensive in Hew beer" 
 which may perhaps mean the same as 
 blue ruin (N. and Q., I. ii. 246). 
 
 He sipped no olden Tom or ruin blue, 
 
 Or Nautz or cherry brandy. 
 
 Keats, A Portrait. 
 
 Some of the whole-hoggery in the House 
 of Commons he would designate by Deady, 
 or Wet and Heavy, some by weak tea, others 
 by Blue ruin, Old Tom, which rises above 
 Blue ruin to the tune of threepence a glass, 
 and, yet more fiery than Old Tom, as being a 
 fit beverage for another Old One who shall be 
 nameless, gin and brimstone. Southey, The 
 Doctor, Interchapter xvi. 
 His ear caught the sound of the word 
 
 Morbleu ! 
 Pronounced by the old woman under her 
 
 breath ; 
 Now, not knowing what she could mean by 
 
 Blue Death, 
 
 He conceived she referr'd to a delicate brew- 
 ing, 
 "Which is almost synonymous, namely, Blue 
 
 Euin. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Bagman's Dog). 
 
 BLUES. Police, from the colour of 
 their uniform. 
 Well, that's the row, and who can guess the 
 
 upshot after all ? 
 Whether Harmony will ever make the 
 
 " Arms " her house of call ; 
 Or whether this here mobbing, as some 
 
 longish heads fortell it, 
 Will grow to such a riot that the Oxford 
 
 Blues must quell it. 
 
 Hood, Row at the Oxford Arms. 
 
 BLUE-STOCKING, a learned lady. See 
 L., who quotes Boswell's account of the 
 origin of this term ; but De Quincey 
 (Autob. Sketches, i. 358) refers it rather 
 to an old Oxford Statute enjoining the 
 wearing of blue stockings on the stu- 
 dents. Southey says that Madame de 
 Stael collected round her "a circle 
 of literati, the blue legs of Geneva" 
 (Doctor, ch. xxxiv.). Walpole, writing 
 to Hannah More, playfully makes it a 
 verb = to put on blue stockings. 
 
 When will you blue-stocking yourself, and 
 come amongst us. Letters, iv. 381 (1784). 
 
 That d d, vindictive, blue-stocking 'd wild 
 cat. Scott, St. Eonan's Well,u. 245. 
 
 BLUE-STOCKINGER, a literary lady. 
 Who would not be a blue-stockinger at this 
 rate? Mad. D'Arllay, Diary, i. 326. 
 
 BLUETH, blueness, a cant word of 
 Walpole's. 
 
 [Strawberry Hill] is now in the height of 
 its greenth, llv.eth, gloomth, honeysuckle, 
 
 and seringa-hood. Walpole, Letters, i. 347 
 (1754). 
 
 I will not, however, tell you that I am 
 content with your being there, till you have 
 seen it in all its greenth and blutth. Ibid. i. 
 363. 
 
 BLUEY, blueish. 
 
 The lips were bluey pale. Southey, Thalaba, 
 Bk. II. 
 
 BLUNDERBUSS, a blunderer. R. says 
 Pope uses it metaphorically in Dunciad, 
 iii. 150, but it is rather a pun than a 
 metaphor, and is not confined to Pope. 
 In JV. and Q., IV. iii. 561, an old story 
 is related of a lady in a cathedral town 
 asking the schoolmaster, " Is my son in 
 a fair way to be a canon?" U A very 
 fair way, madam ; he is a blunderbuss 
 already." The second extract is de- 
 rived from the same quarter. 
 
 If any man can shew me a greater Lyer, or 
 a more bragging coxcomb than this blunder- 
 buss, he shall take me, make me his slave, and 
 starve me with whey and buttermilk. 
 Plautus, made English, Preface (1694). 
 
 No wise man hardly ever reprehends a 
 blunderbuss for his bulle, any other way than 
 by laughing at him. Woolston, Sixth Disc, 
 on Miracles, p. 50 (1729). 
 
 He too pronounced ex cathedra upon the 
 characters of his cotemporaries. . . One is a 
 blunderbuss, as being a native of Ireland, an- 
 other a half -starved louse of literature from 
 the banks of the Tweed. Smollett, Humphrey 
 Clinker, i. 122. 
 
 BLUNDERBUSSIER, a man armed with 
 a blunderbuss. 
 
 To these we may add . . some of the 
 blunderbussiers of the Rye. North, Examen, 
 p. 302. 
 
 BLUNKETTE, a light-blue colour. See 
 H., s. v. 
 
 Some (floures) lyghte and entermedled 
 wyth whytishe, some of a sad or darke 
 greene, some watrishe, blunkette,gray, grassie, 
 hoarie, and Leeke coloured. Touchstone of 
 Complexions, p. 100. 
 
 BLUNT, money (slang). 
 
 " It's all very well," said Mr. Sikes, " but I 
 must have some blunt from you to-night." 
 "I haven't a piece of coin about me," 
 replied the Jew. Dickens, Oliver Tmst, 
 ch. xxxix. 
 
 BLUSH. To blush like a black or 
 blue dog = not to blush at all (see N., 
 s. v. black dog). A friend informs me 
 that " to blush like a blue dog in a dark 
 entry " is a phrase familiar to him in 
 this sense from childhood, and such 
 seems to be the meaning in the extract
 
 BLUSTER-MASTER ( 7 ) 
 
 BOB 
 
 from Swift ; but Gosson appears to em- 
 ploy it as a threat. It has been sug- 
 gested that one who has been beaten 
 black and blue might be said to blush 
 in this way. 
 
 If it bee my fortune too meete with the 
 learned woorkes of this London Sabinus, that 
 can not playe the part without a prompter, 
 nor vtter a wise worde without a piper, you 
 shall see we will make him to blush like a 
 blacke dogge, when he is graveled. Gosson, 
 Apologie of School of Alnise, p. 75. 
 
 Lord Sp. (to the Maid). Mrs. Betty, how 
 does your body politick ? 
 
 Col. Fye, my lord, you'll make Mrs. Betty 
 blush. 
 
 Lady Sm. Blush ! Ay, blush like a blue dog. 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 BLUSTER-MASTER, a great blusterer. 
 
 Among all devices to thrust him under 
 water that was sinking already, none was 
 hatcht of more despight and indignity than 
 a book publish 'd by a Bluster- Master, ann. 
 1636, call'd a Coal from the Altar. Racket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 99. 
 
 BLUSTERY, noisy; bragging. Bluster- 
 ous and blustering are more common. 
 
 He was a man of incurably commonplace 
 intellect, and of no character but a hollow, 
 blustery, pusillanimous, and unsound one. 
 Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Ft. III. ch. v. 
 
 Bo. To say bo to a thing to gain- 
 say it. A shy or stupid man is sup- 
 posed not to be able to say Bo to a 
 goose ; the idea perhaps is taken from 
 a timid child, who might easily be 
 frightened by the gabble and hiss. Mr. 
 Random's somewhat obvious repartee 
 is anticipated in Swift's Polite Conv. 
 (Conv. i.). 
 
 All this may passe in the Queene's peace, 
 and no man say bo to it. Nashe, Lenten 
 Sttiffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 174). 
 
 We have such a household of serving 
 creatures, unless it be Nick and I, there's 
 not one amongst them all can say bo to a 
 goose. Heywood, Woman Killed, with Kind- 
 ness (Dods'ley, O. Plays, iv. 113). 
 A scholard, when just from his college broke 
 
 loose, 
 Can hardly tell how to cry Bo to a goose. 
 
 Swift, Hamilton's Sawn. 
 
 The soldier with great vociferation swore 
 I was either dumb or deaf, if not both, and 
 that I looked as if I could not say Boh! 
 to a goose. Aroused at this observation, I 
 fixed my eyes upon him, and pronounced 
 with emphasis the interjection, Boh! 
 Smollett, Rod. Random, ch. llv. 
 
 BOA, a long fur coiled round the 
 neck and shoulders. 
 
 Poor Shenstone hardly appears more ri- 
 diculous in the frontispiece of his own 
 works, where, in the heroic attitude of a 
 poet who has won the prize, and is about to 
 receive the crowu, he stands before Apollo 
 in a shirt and boa, as destitute of another 
 less dispensable part of dress as Adam in 
 Eden. Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxxii. 
 
 BOAK, to butt (as a buck). 
 On the reverse [of a coin] a bull booking 
 with his homes. Hollands Camden, p. 99. 
 
 BOARD. Beneath or under board = 
 secretly or underhand ; above board is 
 still common. South has knock under 
 board where we should say ' knock 
 under.' Sidney uses under board for 
 under hatches. 
 
 The Bishop so covertly and clearly con- 
 veyed his matters, playing under the board 
 after his wonted fetches. Foxe, v. 526 
 (1553). 
 
 I was taken by pirats, who, putting me 
 under board prisoner, presently set upon 
 another ship. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 29. 
 
 Those need not to play beneath board who 
 have all the visible game in their own hands. 
 Fuller, Pisgah Sight, I. iii. 6. 
 
 For persons of honour, power, or place to 
 caress and sooth up men of dangerous prin- 
 ciples, and known disaffection to the govern- 
 ment, with terms and appellations of respect, 
 is manifestly for the government to knock 
 under-board to the faction. South, vi. 80. 
 
 Here was no acting under board or out of 
 sight ; three millions of men were spectators. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 386. 
 
 BOAT. To be in the same boat = to 
 be in the same condition or circum- 
 stances. 
 What ! haue ye pain ? so likewise pain haue 
 
 we ; 
 
 For in one boat we both imbarked be ; 
 Vpon one tide, one tempest doth vs tosse ; 
 Your common ill, it is our common losse. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, iii. 352. 
 
 BOATAGE, shipping ; traffic by boats. 
 
 For the town of Penrith in Cumberland he 
 cut a passage with great Art, Industry, and 
 Expence, from the Town into the River Pet- 
 terill, for the conveiance of Boatcige into the 
 Irish Sea. Fuller, Worthies, Westmoreland 
 (ii. 428). 
 
 BOAT, to bellow. R. has boation. 
 
 The Papists teach us to pray unto Thee, 
 and unto all the company of heaven, with 
 boaying and bleating in the quire. liecon, 
 iii. 233. 
 
 BOB, a shilling (slang). See quota- 
 tions s. v. BENDER and MAGPIE. 
 
 I changed a shilling (which in town the 
 people call a Bob). Ingolds'iy Leg. (Misad- 
 ventures at Margate).
 
 BOBBER 
 
 BODY 
 
 " Well, please yourself," quoth the tinker ; 
 " you shall have the books for four bob, and 
 you can pay me next month." " Four bobs 
 four shillings : it is a great sum," said Lenny. 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. IV. ch. v. 
 
 BOBBER, a scoffer. Cf. N., s. v. Bob. 
 
 The Cholerique are bitter taunters, dry 
 bobbers, nyppinge gybers and skornefull 
 mockers of others. Touchstone of Complex- 
 ions, p. 99. 
 
 BOBBERY, disturbance : an Anglo- 
 Indian word. 
 
 I'll bet a wager there'll be a bobbery in the 
 pigsty before long, for they are ripe for mis- 
 chief. Marry at, Peter Simple, ch. ii. 
 He escapes from the city, and joins some 
 
 banditti, 
 
 Insensible quite to remorse, fear, and pity ; 
 Joins in all their carousals, and revels, and 
 
 robberies, 
 And in kicking up all sorts of shindies and 
 
 bobberies. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Hermann). 
 
 BOBBISH, well; in a satisfactory state 
 (slang). It is given as a Wiltshire 
 word in Britton's Beauties of Wilt- 
 shire, 1825. 
 
 " The pigs is well," said Mr. Squeers ; 
 " the cows is well, and the boys is bobbish." 
 Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. Ivii. 
 
 And now are you all bobbish, and how's 
 Sixpennorth of halfpence ? Ibid., Great 
 Expectations, ch. iv. 
 
 BOBBY, a slang term for a policeman, 
 the force having been instituted by Sir 
 Robert Peel. Cf . PEELER. 
 
 They don't go a headerin' down here wen 
 there an't no Bobby nor gen'ral Cove fur 
 to hear the splash. Dickens, Uncommercial 
 Traveller, iii. 
 
 BOB-FOOL, TO PLAY, to mock. 
 
 What, do they think to play bob-fool with 
 me ? Greene, Alphonsus K. of An'agon, Act 
 IV. 
 
 BOB JEROM, a short, unfashionable 
 wig : the one referred to in the second 
 extract was the " coachman's best." 
 
 " Hate a plaistered pate ; commonly a 
 numscull ; love a good bob jerom." " Why, 
 this is talking quite wide of the mark," said 
 Mr. Hobson, " to suppose a young lady of 
 fortune would marry a man with a bob 
 jerom." Mad. IfArblay, Cecilia, Bk. IX. 
 ch. i. 
 
 The effect of this full-buckled bob jerom 
 which stuck hollow from the young face and 
 powdered locks of the ensign was irresistibly 
 ludicrous. Ibid., Camilla, Bk. III. ch. xiii. 
 
 BOBTAIL. See extract. 
 
 Cousins by mariage, or kinred (as they 
 
 commonly terme it) by bobtaile. Nomen- 
 clator, p. 533. 
 
 BOBTAIL, a species of arrow-head. 
 See extract. 
 
 Those that be lytle brested and big toward 
 the hede called by theyr lykenesse taper 
 fashion, reshe growne, and of some merrye 
 f ellowes bobtayles, be fit for them whiche shote 
 vnder hande. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 126. 
 
 BOCHER. H. says, " A fish called a 
 backer is mentioned in Brit. ibl., ii. 
 490." 
 
 The backer sweet, the pleasant flounder 
 thin. Dennys, Secrets of Angling (Eng. Gar- 
 ner, i. 175). 
 
 BODDICE, PAIR OF, stays. 
 
 What a natural fool is he that would be a 
 pair of bodice to a woman's petticoat, to be 
 truss'd and pointed to them. Marston, Mal- 
 content, iii. 1. 
 
 Showed my wife the periwigg made for 
 me, and she likes it very well, and so to my 
 brother's, and to buy a pair of boddice for 
 her. Pepys, Oct. 30, 1663. 
 
 BODELOUCE, body-louse. 
 And home she went as brag as it had been a 
 
 bodelouce, 
 And I after her. as bold as it had been the 
 
 goodman of the house. 
 
 Gammer Gurton's Needle, ii. 3 (1551). 
 
 BODILISE, to make gross, or cor- 
 porealise. 
 
 Unless we endeavour to spiritualise our- 
 selves, . . . age bodilises us more and more, 
 and the older we grow the more we are 
 embruted and debased. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. clxxxiv. 
 
 BODKIN BEARD, a beard that came 
 down in a point. Taylor, the water- 
 poet (Superbice Flagelhim), mentions 
 among beards, " Some sharp, stiletto- 
 fashion, dagger-like." 
 
 Scarfs, feathers, and swerds, 
 And thin bodkin-beards. 
 
 Skelton, Elynaur Eummin (Harl. 
 Misc., i. 416). 
 
 , BODKIN LOTTERY. 
 
 Every cobbler here . . . shall outsing Mr. 
 Abel ; . . . every trumpet that attends a 
 bodkin lottery sounds better than Shore. T. 
 rown, Works, ii. 245. 
 
 BODY. This verb seems formerly to 
 have been used in a technical sense 
 by the Independents. A congregation 
 formed into a Church was said to be 
 bodied, and they who agreed to this 
 consented to bodying. See another 
 extract from Gauden, s. v. INDEPEND- 
 
 ENTED.
 
 BOEDIED 
 
 BONE 
 
 That Church-way which they called Con- 
 gregational, or bodying of Christians. Gau- 
 den. Tears of the Church, p. 18. 
 
 He will not gratifie such a Minister or 
 such a little Congregation in a new exotick 
 way of bodying, that is, formally covenanting 
 and verbally engaging with them and to them 
 beyond the baptismall bond and vow. Ibid. 
 p. 37. 
 
 BOEDIED, query bodied; but if so, 
 what does it mean ? 
 
 I went to Dr. Keffler, who married the 
 daughter of the famous chymist Drebbell, 
 inventor of the boedied scarlet. Evelyn, 
 Diary, Aug. 1, 1666. 
 
 BOG, to botch. 
 
 I would they would . . . become sincere 
 confessors, or else leave bowing of heresies 
 to their own damnation. Pnilpot, p. 308. 
 
 BOG. To take bog to scruple or 
 boggle at. 
 
 Daily experience showeth that many men 
 who make no conscience of a lie, do yet take 
 some bog at an oath. Sanderson, ii. 230. 
 
 BOGGLE-DE-BOTCH, a mess or hash. 
 
 A fine boggle-de-botch I have made of it. 
 .... I am aware it is not a canonical word 
 classical, I mean ; nor in nor out of any dic- 
 tionary perhaps but when people are warm, 
 they cannot stand picking terms. Miss 
 Edgeicorth, Helen, ch. xxvi. 
 
 BOGLET, little bog. 
 
 Of this tufty flaggy ground, pocked with 
 bogs and boglets, one especial nature is that 
 it will not hold impressions. Blackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. lix. 
 
 BOGTROT, to live the life of an Irish 
 peasant or bogtrotter. 
 
 It is a thousand times better, as one would 
 think, to bogtrot in Ireland, than to pirk it in 
 preferment no better dressed. North, Ex- 
 amen, p. 323. 
 
 BOLE. See extract. 
 
 Close to the spot . . there was a bolt, by 
 which is meant a place where in ancient 
 times . . miners used to smelt their lead 
 ores. Archaolog., vii. 170 (1785). 
 
 BOLLER, drinker ; one fond of the 
 flowing bowl. 
 
 A feloe hauying sight in Phisiognomie . . . 
 when he had well vewed Socrates gaue plain 
 sentence that he was ... a greate boiler of 
 wiue, and a vicious foloer of all naughtie 
 appetites. Udafs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 36. 
 
 BOLTS, chains or confinement. 
 
 He shall to prison, and there die in bolts. 
 Marlowe, Edw. II., I. i. 
 
 He had stood in the pillory himself, and 
 had been imprisoned and laid in bolts at 
 Suffolk for a considerable time. Sprat, Rela- 
 
 tion of Young's Contrivance, 1692 (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 266). 
 
 BOMBASE, to close up, as with bom- 
 bace or cotton. Bombast is the more 
 usual form, but see N., " to bombas his 
 hyring " = to stop his ears. 
 
 "What reason hym leadeth to my suite 
 too boombas his hyring? Stanyhurst, ^En., 
 iv. 451. 
 
 BOMBINATION, humming. Sir T. 
 Browne, as quoted by R. and L., has 
 bombilation in this sense. 
 
 The most sonorous fliers of this order are 
 the larger humble-bees, whose bombination, 
 booming, or bombing may be heard from a 
 considerable distance. Kirby and Spence, 
 Entomology, ii. 304. 
 
 BONADVENTURE, a species of ship or 
 boat used in fishing. 
 
 This business by the busses, bonadventures, 
 or fisher-ships . . . will bring plenty unto 
 his Majesty's Kingdoms. England's Way to 
 Wealth, 1614 (Harl. Misc., Hi. 397). 
 
 BONA-FIDICALLY, heartily; thoroughly. 
 
 Two men who love nonsense so cordially 
 and naturally aud bona-fidically . Southey, 
 Letters, 1822 (iii. 314). 
 
 BONARET. See quotation. 
 Such as those Bonarets in Scythia bred 
 Of slender seeds, and with green fodder fed, 
 Although their bodies, noses, mouths, and 
 
 eys, 
 Of new-yeand lambs have full the form and 
 
 guise ; 
 And should be very lambs, save that (for 
 
 foot) 
 
 Within the ground they fix a liuing root, 
 Which at their nauell growes, and dies that 
 
 day 
 That they have brouz'd the neighbour grass 
 
 away. Sylvester, Eden, 570. 
 
 BOND-LED, led in bonds : the refer- 
 ence is to the sacrifice of Isaac. 
 The Father makes the pile : Hereon hee layes 
 His bond-led, blind-led Son. 
 
 Sylvester, Maiden's Blush, 1784. 
 
 BOND PAGE, a slave who served as 
 page. 
 
 One of the bondpages of this Pollio had by 
 chaunce broken a driukyng glasse of cristall 
 stone. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 289. 
 
 BONE, to steal (slang). See quotation, 
 s. v. SLACK-BAKE. 
 
 BONE, a feigned obstacle. " I have a 
 bone, in my leg " is a jocular excuse for 
 not moving. 
 
 He refused to speake, allegeing that he had 
 a bone in his throte, and he could not speake. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 375.
 
 BONE OF CONTENTION ( 73 ) 
 
 BOOK- OATH 
 
 Nev. Miss, come, be kind for once, and 
 order me a dish of coffee. 
 
 Miss. Pray go yourself; let us wear out 
 the oldest first ; besides, I can't go, for I have 
 a bone in my leg. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 
 BONE OF CONTENTION, the cause of a 
 quarrel, as between fighting dogs. 
 
 "While any flesh remains on a bone, it con- 
 tinues a lone of contention. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, i. 249. 
 
 Now the precious leg while cash was flush, 
 Or the Count's acceptance worth a rush, 
 
 Had never excited dissension ; 
 But no sooner the stocks began to fall, 
 Than, without any ossification at all, 
 The limb became what people call 
 A perfect bone of contention. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 BON-MINE. Faire bonne mine = to 
 put a good countenance on a matter. In 
 the extract it seems to mean a feint of 
 resistance by way of bravado. 
 
 "We expected they would have disputed 
 our passage over the river Dun, but they 
 onely made a Ion-mine there, and left us the 
 Toune of Doncaster to quarter in that night. 
 Sir G. Dudley to Prince Rupert, 1644, p. 3. 
 
 BON-MOT, a witticism. This French 
 expression is naturalized. 
 
 She is absolutely governed by a favourite 
 maid, and as full of the bon-mots of her parrots 
 as I used to be of yours, my loves, when you 
 were prattlers. Richardson, Grandison, vii. 
 223. 
 
 You need not hurry when the object is 
 only to prevent my sayiug a bon-mot, for 
 there is not the least wit in my nature. Miss 
 Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. ix. 
 
 BOOBY, to behave like a booby. 
 Those brainless pert bloods of our town, 
 
 Those sprigs of the ton who run decency 
 down ; 
 
 Who lounge, and who loot, and who booby 
 about, 
 
 No knowledge within, and no manners with- 
 out. Irving, Salmagundi, No. iii. 
 
 BOOB y ISM, stupidity ; folly. 
 
 The donkeys who are prevailed upon to 
 pay for permission to exhibit their lamentable 
 ignorance and boobyism on the stage of a 
 private theatre. Sketches by Boz (Private 
 Theatres). 
 
 BOODY, to sulk. Anglicized form of 
 Fr. bonder. 
 
 " Come," said she, " don't boo(Jy with me ; 
 don't be angry because I speak out some 
 home truths." Trollope, Barchester Towers, 
 ch. xx vii. 
 
 He is left to boody over everything by 
 himself, till he becomes a sort of political 
 hermit. Ibid., Prime Minister, ch. Ixxvi. 
 
 BOOHOO, to cry : an onomatopoeous 
 word. 
 From that moment the babes ne'er caught 
 
 sight 
 
 Of the wretch who thus sought their un- 
 doing, 
 
 But pass'd all that day and that night 
 In wandering about and boohooing. 
 
 Ingoldsby Leg. (Babes in the Wood). 
 
 BOOKEBY, study ; also a library of 
 books. 
 
 Let them that mean by bookish business 
 To earn their bread, or hopen to profess 
 Their hard got skill, let them alone, for me, 
 Busy their brains with deeper bookery. 
 
 Hall, Satires, II. ii. 28. 
 
 The Abb6 Morellet . . . has a bookery in 
 such elegant order that people beg to go 
 and see it. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 346. 
 
 BOOKHOOD, bookishness. 
 
 The preceding paper was given me by a 
 gentleman, who has a better opinion of my 
 bookhood than I deserve. Walpole, Letters, 
 vi. 398 (1772). 
 
 BOOKISM, bookishness ; studiousness. 
 
 There was nothing, he said, of which he had 
 less ambition than a character for bookism 
 and pedantry. Mad . D'Arblay, Diary,iv. 176. 
 
 BOOK-LEARNING, education ; scholar- 
 ship : a common phrase among the poor. 
 
 The common wish of advancing their 
 children in the world made most parents in 
 this station desire to obtain the advantage 
 of what they called book-learning for any 
 son who was supposed to manifest a dis- 
 position likely to profit by it. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. c. 
 
 BOOK-MONEY, surplice fees. 
 
 He had all the book-money, that is, the fees 
 for marriages, burials, and christenings. 
 Sprat's Relation of Young's Contrivance, 1692 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 219). 
 
 BOOK-MONGER, writer of books. 
 
 He was a great Book-monger ; and on that 
 score Bale (no friend to Friers) giveth him 
 a large testimonial. Fuller, Worthies, Wilts 
 (ii. 468). 
 
 BOOK-MUSLIN, open or clear muslin. 
 
 The lady in the back parlour, who was 
 very fat, and turned of sixty, came in a low 
 book-muslin dress and short kid gloves. 
 Dickens, Nicholas Nickkby, ch. xiv. 
 
 BOOK-OATH, oath taken on a book : 
 usually the Bible. Cf. BIBLE-OATH. 
 
 He that layeth his hand upon a book in 
 this wise, and maketh there a promise to do 
 that thing that he is commanded, is obliged 
 there, by book-oath, then to fulfil his charge. 
 Exam, of W. Thorpe (Bale, Select Works, 
 p. 111).
 
 BOOKWRIGHT 
 
 ( 74 ) 
 
 BORE 
 
 BOOKWRIGHT, author. 
 
 In London, at this moment, any young 
 man of real power will find friends enough 
 and too many among his fellow bookicriyhts. 
 C. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. xi. 
 
 BOOL, bawl. 
 
 Singing-men that . . in churches or chapels 
 may roar, boot, hleat, yell. econ, ii. 390. 
 
 BOORN, explained by Fuller in the 
 margin, " That is, the Wort or boiled 
 liquor." The extract is part of a re- 
 ceipt for Metheglin. 
 
 Take to every six Gallons of water one 
 Gallon of the finest Honey, and put it into 
 the Boom, and labour it together half an 
 hour. Fuller, Worthies, Wales (ii. 554). 
 
 BOOT. Both R. and L. mention this 
 as part of a coach used for luggage, 
 and this is now its meaning, but 
 formerly it accommodated passengers 
 also. 
 
 On Sunday following, the King in the 
 afternoon came abroad to take the air with 
 the Queen, his two brothers, and the Infanta, 
 who were all in one coach ; but the Infanta 
 sat in the boot with a blue ribbon about her 
 arm, of purpose that the Prince might dis- 
 tinguish her. Hoicell, Letters. I.iii. 15. 
 
 He received his son into the coach, and 
 found a slight errand to leave Buckingham 
 behind, as he was putting his foot in the 
 boot.Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 196. 
 
 BOOT-GARTERS. See quotation. 
 
 His leathern breeches were faultless in 
 make, his jockey boots spotless in the 
 varnish, and a handsome and flourishing 
 pair of boot-yarters, as they are called, united 
 the one part of his garments to the other. 
 Scott, Redyauntlet, i. 326. 
 
 BOOT-HOSE, boot-stockings, q. v. 
 
 To the maid 
 
 That wash'd my boot-hose there's an English 
 groat. 
 eaum. and Fl., Knight of B. Pestle, iv. 2. 
 
 This old gentleman, with his boot-hose and 
 beard, used to accompany his young master. 
 North, Life of Ld. Guilford, i. 33. 
 
 " This is what I call coming to the point," 
 said Mr. Touchwood, thrusting out his stout 
 legs, accoutred as they were with the ancient 
 defences called boot-hose, so as to rest his 
 heels upon the fender. Scott, St. fionan's 
 Well, ii. 296. 
 
 BOOTLESS, irremediable. 
 Yet rather, when I have the wretch's head, 
 Then to the king, my father, will I send. 
 The bootless case may yet appease his wrath. 
 If not, I will defend me as I may. 
 
 Sackville, Fen-ex and Porrex, ii. 2. 
 
 BOOT-STOCKINGS, very long stockings, 
 covering the leg like jack-boots. 
 
 The Author was sent from Shaftesbury, on 
 a little pony with a servant, not with a pair 
 of new boots, but ingloriously in a pair of 
 worsted boot-stockings, which my father ob- 
 served would keep my under-stockings from 
 the dirt as well as the best pair of boots in 
 Shaftesbury. Bowles, Note to Banwell Hill. 
 
 You will not observe his boot-stockings 
 coming high above the knees ; the coat 
 covers them, and if it did not, you would be 
 far from despising them now [i. e. in rough 
 weather]. Southey, The Doctor, ch. Ivii. 
 
 BOOZER, drunkard. 
 
 This landlord was a boozer stout, 
 A snuff-taker and smoker. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 303. 
 
 BOOZY, drunken. 
 
 Ere the Doctor could be stirred out of his 
 boozy slumbers, and thrust into his clothes 
 by his wife, the schoolmistress was safe in 
 bed. C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. iii. 
 
 BORBORITES. See extract. Gr. /36p- 
 /3opof, dung or mire. 
 
 They saw not onely worthy and Eeformed 
 Bishops, but the whole Reformed Church of 
 England and the Majesty of the Prince so 
 torne and bespattered by those Borborites, 
 those uncleane Spirits. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 572. 
 
 BORDRIE, baldrick. 
 
 The meeting of the gentry was not then 
 at tippling-houses, but in the fields or forests, 
 with their hawks and hounds, with their 
 bugle-horns in silken bordries. Aubrey, Mis- 
 cellanies, p. 216. 
 
 BORE, a 'dull, tiresome person. L. 
 gives this, with quotation from the 
 Return from Parnassus, but the word 
 in that passage is bur. He cites then 
 from nothing earlier than Talfourd's 
 Memoirs of C. Lamb. The first ex- 
 tract is from A Supplement to the last 
 Will and Test, of Anthony, Earl of 
 Shaftsbury, with his last words as they 
 were taken in Holland, where he died 
 January 20, 1682 (London, 1683) ; but 
 what precise meaning the word has there 
 is not clear to me. I doubt whether it 
 is used in the modern sense. The fire- 
 blower to a chemist was called a Lungs, 
 and there is some pun on this ; the 
 bores perhaps = Hollanders, Dutch 
 boers. In Burgoyne it seems a slow 
 clumsy fellow, and this is the earliest 
 undoubted instance I have yet found 
 of any approach to its present sense. 
 As referring to a thing, L.'s first instance
 
 BORN DA YS 
 
 ( 75 ) BOTTLE-COASTER 
 
 is from Disraeli's Coningsby. See ex- 
 tract from Peter Pindar, s. v. VULGAR. 
 My Lungs (my Ignoramus Friends) is yours ; 
 But for my leights, I leave 'em to the Bores, 
 To blow the bellows of each new Sedition 
 On any change of Faction or Keligion. 
 
 Supplement, &c., ut supra. 
 
 A spring of the chaise broke at the bottom 
 of the hill ; the boy was quite a bore in tying 
 it up, so I took out my luggage, and deter- 
 mined to walk home. Burgoyne, Lord of the 
 Manor, Act I. (1781). 
 
 "He is known by fifty names," said Mr. 
 Monckton ; " his friends call him the moralist ; 
 the young ladies, the crazy man, the maca- 
 ronis, the bore." Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, 
 Bk. I. ch. viii. (1782). 
 
 Learning's become a very bore ; 
 That fashion long since has been o'er. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. vi. 
 
 Seeing a great house ... is generally 
 allowed to be the greatest bore in the world. 
 Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. ix. 
 
 BORN DAYS, a vulgar expression for 
 the whole life ; all the days since one 
 was born. 
 
 There was one Miss Byron, a North- 
 amptonshire lady, whom I never saw before 
 in my born days. Richardson, Grandison, i. 
 103. 
 
 Craiglethorpe will know just as much of 
 the lower Irish as the Cockney who has never 
 been out of London, and who has never in 
 all his born days seen an Irishman but on the 
 English stage. Miss Edgeworth, Ennui, ch. ix. 
 BORROW, to warrant; to assure. See 
 quotation in R. from Spenser's State of 
 Ireland. 
 
 Her eyes carried darts of fire, 
 Feathered all with swift desire ; 
 Yet forth these fiery darts did pass 
 Pearled tears as bright as glass, 
 That wonder 'twas in her eyne 
 Fire and water should combine, 
 If the old saw did not borrow, 
 Fire is love, and water sorrow. 
 
 Greene, from Never too Late, p. 296. 
 
 BOSCARESQUE, abounding in shrub- 
 bery. 
 
 His [Evelyn's] garden was exquisite, being 
 most boscaresque, and, as it were, an exemplar 
 of his book of forest trees. North, Life of 
 Ld. Guilford, ii. 252. 
 
 BOSH, nonsense : a Turkish word. 
 
 I always like to read old Darwin's Loves of 
 the Plants, bosh as it is in a scientific point 
 of view. C. Kingsley, Tiro Years Ago, ch. x. 
 
 BOSK, a bush. See H., s. v. 
 
 And so by tilth and grange, 
 And vines, and blowing bosks of wilderness, 
 "We gained the mother-city thick with towers. 
 Tennyson, Princess, i. 
 
 BOSKET, shrubbery. 
 
 There hovers the white Celestial ; in white 
 robe of linon mouchete, finer than moonshine ; 
 a Juno by her bearing ; there in that bosket . 
 Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. ix. 
 
 B JSOM-HUNG, declined on the bosom. 
 All whose poor seed, like violets in their 
 
 beds, 
 
 Now grow with bosom-hung and hidden heads. 
 Chapman, Iliad, Dedic., 151. 
 
 BOSOM SERMONS. H. says, " Bosom- 
 sermons are mentioned in the Eyerton 
 Papers, p. 9," but he gives no explana- 
 tion. In the subjoined the term seems 
 to mean discourses learned by heart. 
 The quotation is the marginal note to a 
 story of a boy who was taught a long 
 oration by rote, and was put out by a 
 question being asked in the middle. 
 
 Bosame sermons and oracions of an other 
 mannes making. UdaPs Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 243. 
 
 Boss, a term of reproach. Cotgrave 
 gives, " A fat bosse. Femme bien grasse 
 et grosse ; une coche." 
 
 Disdainful Turkess, and unreverend boss ! 
 Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, III. iii. 
 
 Boss, master : an Americanism. 
 
 " So, boss," began the ruffian, not looking at 
 him, " we ain't fit company for the likes of 
 that kinchin, eh ? " H. Kingsley, Geoffvy 
 Hamlyn, ch. xxiii. 
 
 BOTANOGRAPHIST, a writer on botany. 
 
 Doctor Bowie, my most worthy Friend, 
 and skilful Botanographist. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Northampton (ii. 157). 
 
 BOTLING, a species of fish. 
 The peel, the tweat, the boiling, and the rest, 
 "With many more that in the deep doth lie 
 Of Avon, Usk, of Severn, and of Wye. 
 
 Denny r s, Secrets of Angling 
 (Eng. Garner, i. 175). 
 
 BOTTLE-BELLIED, with a stomach 
 swelling out like a bottle. 
 
 He is like some choleric, bottle-bellied old 
 spider, who has woven his web over a whole 
 chamber. Irving, Sketch-Book (John Bull). 
 
 BOTTLE-BOY, apothecary's assistant. 
 
 He . . . utterly fulfilled the ideal of a bottle- 
 boy, for of him too as of all things, I presume, 
 an ideal exists eternally in the supra-sensual 
 Platonic universe. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, 
 ch. i. 
 
 BOTTLE-COASTER, tray or carriage in 
 which the decanters were sent round 
 the table after dinner. 
 
 I wish you had seen the two Lady R.s, 
 sticking close to . one another ; their father
 
 BOTTLED-ALE 
 
 BOW 
 
 Pushing them on together, like two decanters 
 in a bottle-coaster, with such magnificent dia- 
 mond labels round their necks. Miss Edge- 
 icorth, Belinda, ch. v. 
 
 BOTTLED-ALE. See extract. Dean 
 Alexander Howell, the person referred 
 to, was born 1510, died 1601. 
 
 Leaving a Bottle of Ale (when fishing) in 
 the Grasse, he found it some dayes after, no 
 Bottle, but a Gun, such the sound at the 
 opening thereof ; aud this is believed (Casu- 
 alty is Mother of more Inventions than In- 
 dustry) the original of Bottled-ale in England. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Lancashire (i. 547). 
 
 BOTTLE-GREEN, the colour of the green 
 glass of which bottles are made. See 
 quotation s. v. MOUNTAIN DEW. 
 
 The bottle-green was a famous suit to wear, 
 and I bought it very cheap at a pawnbroker's. 
 . . . I'll be married in the bottle-green. 
 Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. li. 
 
 At the drawing-room he looked quite 
 handsome in his uniform of the Newcome 
 Hussars, bottle-green and silver lace. Thack- 
 eray, The Newcomes, ch. xxxii. 
 
 BOUGH, mouth (French). It was also 
 used for an allowance of meat or 
 drink to a servant in a palace. See N., 
 s. v. 
 Heere loa behold Boreas from bouch of north 
 
 bio Pelorus 
 Oure ships ful chargeth. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 702. 
 
 BOUCHERUS, butcherly. 
 Much lyke as a fat bul beloeth, that setled 
 
 on altar 
 Half kild escapeth thee missing boucherus 
 
 hatchet. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 236. 
 
 BOUGHED, covered or shaded with 
 boughs. 
 
 Up through that wood behind the church, 
 There leads from Edward's door 
 
 A mossy track, all over boughed 
 For half a mile or more. 
 
 Coleridge, Three Graves. 
 
 BOULT, a narrow piece of stuff. See 
 II., s. v. bolt. 
 
 Though you be crossbites, foys, and nips, 
 yet you are not good lifts ; which is a great 
 helpe to your faculty, to filch a boult of satten 
 or velvet. Greene, Theeves Falling Out, 1615 
 (Harl. Misc., viii. 389). 
 
 BOUNDAL, bound. 
 
 It was well for all sides that the best 
 divine, in my judgement, that ever was in 
 that place, Dr. Davenant, held the rains of the 
 disputation ; he kept him within the even 
 boundalt of the cause. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 26. 
 
 BOUNDANB, boundary* 
 
 They overranne Lituauia, Podolia, Polonia, 
 and those countreys which are the East 
 boundanes of Europe. Fuller, Holy War, 
 Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 BOUNDIFY, to bound. 
 Vntill this day (deer Muse) on euery side 
 "Within straight lists thou hast been boundifid. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 2. 
 
 BOUNG-KNIFE. Boung is an old slang 
 word for purse ; boung-knife may 
 therefore be the knife in the purse or 
 girdle. Cf. CATTLE-BONG. 
 
 One of them had on ... a skeine like a 
 brner's boung-knife. Greene, Quip for Upstart 
 Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 407). 
 
 BOUNNIES, swellings or tumours : an 
 East Anglian word. Cf. bunion, and 
 see N. and Q., V. viii. 113. 
 
 There be no vices in the world whereof you 
 male not see great buddes, or rather great 
 bounnies and bunches in them. Traheron's 
 Warning to England, 1558 (Maitland's Re- 
 formation, p. 137). 
 
 BOURREAU, executioner. Several 
 French words were introduced at the 
 Eestoration (see Trench, Eng. Past 
 and Present, p. 122) ; some of these 
 did not survive, or perhaps ever go be- 
 yond the author who first employed 
 them. 
 
 No sooner said, but it was done, 
 
 The Bourreau did his worst ; 
 
 Gaphny, alas ! is dead and gone, 
 
 And left his judge accursed. 
 
 Prior, The Viceroy. 
 
 BOUT, a circuit. 
 
 I love not to fetch any bouts where there 
 is a nearer way. Adams, ii. 14. 
 
 Bow. To draw or pull the long bow = 
 to lie or exaggerate. Cf. the extract 
 from Fuller, s. v. LOOSE. 
 If on your head some vengeance fell, 
 M[oir]a, for every tale you tell 
 
 The listening Lords to cozen ; 
 If but one whisker lost its hue, 
 Changed (like Moll Coggin's tail) to blue, 
 
 I'd hear them by the dozen. 
 But still, howe'er you driw your bow, 
 Tour charms improve, your triumphs grow. 
 Poetry of Antijacobin, p. 63. 
 
 King of Corpus (who was an incorrigible 
 wag) was on the point of pulling some dread- 
 ful long bow, and pointing out a half dozen 
 of people in the room as R. and H. and L. &c., 
 the most celebrated wits of that day. 
 Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. i. 
 
 Bow. To have a double string, or two 
 strings to one's bow = to have two re- 
 sources or alternatives.
 
 BOWERLY 
 
 ( 77 
 
 BRADOON 
 
 The Conqueror, finding himself quitted of 
 this obstacle, takes upon him the regiment 
 of this kingdom with a double string to his 
 bow; the one of antient title, the other of 
 conquest. Hist, of Edward II., p. 36. 
 
 A man in Amsterdam is suffer'd to have 
 but one religion, whereas in London he may 
 have two strinys to his bow. T. Brown, 
 Works, iv. 115. 
 
 Miss Bertram . . . might be said to have tico 
 strings to her bow. She had Rush worth-feelings 
 and Crawford-feelings, and in the vicinity of 
 Sotherton the former had considerable effect. 
 Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. viii. 
 
 BOWERLY, large ; burly (?). 
 
 He had seene in the citee of Miletus 
 many and the same right greate and bowerly 
 images and porturatures. UdaPs Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 208. 
 
 The bowerly hostess, for a cart-horse fit, 
 Scorns Daphne's reed-like shape, and calls 
 
 her chit. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 186. 
 
 BOWET, lamp, or lamp-frame ? 
 
 For a bowet to her light in upon the Sacra- 
 ment. Leverton, Chwardens Accts., 1535 
 (Arch., xli. 353). 
 
 BOWIE, a large clasp-knife, so called 
 from Col. James Bowie, a native of 
 Georgia. 
 
 I took the precaution of bringing my 
 lowie and revolver with me, in case the 
 worst came to the worst. C. Kingsley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. xxvii. 
 
 "No stakes, no dungeons, no blocks, no 
 racks, no scaffolds, no thumbscrews, no 
 pikes, no pillories, " said Chollop. " No- 
 thing but revolvers and boicie knives," re- 
 turned Mark; ''and what are they? not 
 worth mentioning." Dickens, M. Chuzzlewit, 
 ch. xxxiii. 
 
 BOWSE. Bailey says bowse among 
 sailors is "to hale or pull the tackle." 
 Commodore Trunnion uses it meta- 
 phorically. See quotation s. v. GUM ; 
 also from Ingoldsby Legends, s. v. 
 PIGEON-TOED. 
 My eyes ! how she did pitch ! 
 
 And wouldn't keep her own to join no line, 
 Thp' I kept bowsing, bowsing at her bow- 
 line. 
 
 Hood, Sailor's Apology for Bow-legs. 
 
 BOW-STRING, to strangle with a bow- 
 string. 
 
 A sultan, having bow-stringed his vizier? 
 promotes some one else to the post. Savage, 
 E. Medlicotf., Bk. I. ch. ix. 
 
 Bow-wow, a dog. 
 Let my obedience then excuse 
 
 My disobedience now ; 
 Nor some reproof yourself refuse, 
 From your aggrieved bow-wow. 
 
 Cowper, Beau's Reply. 
 
 It's all up with its handsome friend ; he 
 has gone to the demnition bow-wows. Dick- 
 ens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 Box. To box the compass = to go 
 round to all quarters of the compass. 
 
 After a week or so, the wind would regu- 
 larly box the compass (as the sailors call it) in 
 the course of every day, following where the 
 sun should be, as if to make a mock of him. 
 Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. xlii. 
 
 Box. To be in the wrong box is to 
 be mistaken. L. gives the expression 
 with a quotation from Sala, but it is 
 much older. 
 
 Sir, quoth I, if you will hear how St. 
 Augustine expoundeth that place, you shall 
 perceive that you are in a wrong box. Ridley, 
 p. 163 (1554). 
 
 I perceive that you and I are in a wrong 
 box.J. Udall, Diotrephes, p. 31 (1588). 
 
 But Socrates said, Laugh not, Zophirtis is 
 not in a wrong box. Optick Glasse of Humors 
 (1639). 
 
 BOXAGE, boscage ; shrubbery. 
 
 The rest of the ground is made into seve- 
 rall inclosures (all hedge worke or rowes of 
 trees) of whole fields, meadows, boxagcs, some 
 of them containing divers acres. Evelyn, 
 Diary, Ap. i. 1644. 
 
 BOX-KEEPERESS, woman who keeps 
 the boxes at a theatre. 
 
 Every time the box-keeperess popped in her 
 head, and asked if we would take any refresh- 
 ment, I thought the interruption odious. 
 Thackeray, Miscellanies, ii. 346. 
 
 BOY, to provide with boys ; spoken 
 of a wife who had male offspring : also 
 to guard with boys. L. has the verb in 
 the sense of "treat as a boy." Bre- 
 ton's Mavillia (p. 38), when attended 
 merely by a page, speaks of herself as 
 " manned but with a poore boye," which 
 illustrates the second extract. 
 Nor hast thou in his nuptial arms enjoy'd 
 Barren embraces, but wast girl'd and boy'd. 
 Corbet, Death of Lady Haddington. 
 
 The gates were shut, and partly man'd, 
 partly boy'd against him. Fuller, Hist, of 
 Cambridge, vi. 16. 
 
 BOYKIN, an endearing diminutive of 
 boy. In the quotation Anchises is 
 speaking to ^Eneas. H. says the word 
 is to be found in Sir John Oldcastle 
 and Palsgrave's Acolastus, but he gives 
 no extract. 
 
 But now I'm fixt to go along 
 
 With thee, my boykin, right or wrong. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 80. 
 
 BRADOON, snaffle (?).
 
 BRAG 
 
 BRANDLET 
 
 I have always made it a rule to feel his 
 [the horse's] mouth lightly, and generally 
 more with the bradoon than with the curb. 
 Nimrod on Condition of Hunters, 17. 
 
 BRAG, to challenge : this use is a 
 Scotticism : see Jamieson. 
 
 That was one of the famous cups of Tours, 
 wrought by Martin Dominique, an artist who 
 might bray all Paris. Scott, Quentin Dur- 
 icard, i. 60. 
 
 BRAGGARTLY, boastful. 
 
 Who ever saw true learning, wisdom, or 
 wit, vouchsafe mansion in any proud, vain- 
 glorious, and broffgartly spirit? Chapman, 
 Iliad, iii., Comment. 
 
 BRAGGLE. See extract. 
 
 There is a way to catch eels by "brag- 
 ffliny ;" thus: Take a rod small and tough, 
 of sallow, hazel, or such like, a yard long, as 
 big as a bean-stalk. In the small end thereof 
 make a nick or cleft with a knife ; in which 
 nick put your strong but little hook baited 
 with a red worm, and made sure to a line of 
 ten or twelve good hairs, but easily, that the 
 eels may pull it out. Go into some shallow 
 place of the river among the great stones, 
 and brayyle up and down till you find holes 
 under the stones. There put in your hook 
 so baited at your rod's end, and the eel under 
 the stone will not fail to take it. Give her 
 time to put it over ; and then, if your strength 
 will serve, she is your own. Laicson, Com- 
 ments on Secrets of A nyliny (Eny. Garner, i. 
 195). 
 
 BRAGGON, a species of drink. I sup- 
 pose the same as bragget, mentioned by 
 N. and L. 
 
 Beside ale and beer, the natural drink of 
 part of this isle may be said to be metheglin, 
 bray yon, and mead. Ho well, Letters, ii. 54. 
 
 BRAIN-FOOLERY, folly. 
 
 The very essence of his soule is pure vil- 
 lany ; the substance of his brain-foolery ; one 
 that beleeues nothing from the starres vp- 
 ward. Chapman, Mons. D'Olive, Act V. 
 
 BRAIN-MILL, brain-pan. 
 
 Had the Gensdarmery of our great writers 
 no other enemy to fight with? nothing to 
 grind in their brain-mill but orts? Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, i. 102. 
 
 BRAIN-SICK, a fool or madman (usually 
 an adj.). 
 
 Even so, some brainsicks liue there now-a- 
 
 daies, 
 
 That lose themselues still in contrary waies. 
 Sylvester, fourth day, first iceeke, 150. 
 
 BRAIN-WRIGHT, creator of the brain. 
 In this part of the Brayn the Bravn-tcriqht's 
 
 skill 
 And wisdome infinite do most appeare. 
 
 Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 7. 
 
 BRAKE. H. says " an instrument 
 for dressing hemp or flax. See Holly- 
 band, s. v. brosse." In the extracts it 
 is a verb or participle. 
 
 It [flax] must be watered, dried, braked, 
 tew-tawed, and with much labor driuen and 
 reduced in the end to be as soft and tender 
 as wooll. Holland, Pliny, Bk. xix. (proem). 
 
 There must be planting, cutting down, 
 bundling, watring, rippling, brakiny, wing- 
 ling, and heckling of hemp. Howell, Parly 
 of Heasts, p. 14. 
 
 The sad-yeHow-fly made with the buzzard's 
 wings, bound with black braked hemp. Miss 
 Edyeicorth, Absentee, ch. viii. 
 
 BRAKE, a snare : the idea being con- 
 nected with the tangles of a thicket (?). 
 
 Alas what should I doe 
 With that enchanted glasse ? See diuels 
 
 there ? 
 
 Or (like a strumpet) learne to set my lookes 
 In an eternal brake, or practise juggling, 
 To keepe my face still fast, my hart still 
 
 loose ? Chapman, Eussy D'Ambois, Act I. 
 
 BRAN, slang for a loaf. See quotation 
 s. v. LUSH. 
 
 He purchased a sufficiency of ready-dressed 
 ham, and a half-quartern loaf, or, as he him- 
 self expressed it, " a fourpenny bran." 
 Dickens, Oliver Ttcist, ch. viii. 
 
 BRANDED, spotted. H. says " a mix- 
 ture of red and black." The word in 
 the original is aloXov. 
 
 They saw a branded serpent sprawl 
 So full amongst them from above. 
 
 Cliapman, Iliad, xii. 217. 
 
 BRANDER, a gridiron. 
 
 A frying-pan, two branders, a flesh-hook 
 and flaming spoon. Inventory, 1708 (Dun- 
 bar, Social Life in Former Days, p. 212). 
 
 BRANDISH, to shine, twinkle. Syl- 
 vester uses the word in this sense, per- 
 haps as referring to the gleam of a 
 brandished weapon ; so Heath in his 
 translation of Horace, 1638, speaks of 
 "the ray of a brandished sword." 
 Thine eys already (now no longer eys, 
 But new bright stars) doe brandish in the 
 
 skyes. Sylvester, Handy-crafts, 729. 
 Though waxen old in his long weary night, 
 He see a friendly Sun to brandish bright. 
 
 Ibid., The Arke, 393. 
 
 BRANDLET, a bird, probably so called 
 from being branded or marked in a 
 peculiar way ; perhaps the mountain- 
 tinch. See N. and Q., V. x. 409. 
 The brandlet saith, for singing sweete and 
 
 softe, 
 (In hir conceit) there is none such as she. 
 
 Gascoiyne, Philomene.
 
 BRAND Y 
 
 ( 79 ) 
 
 BRAT 
 
 BRANDY, to drink brandy. The verb, 
 which, however, is not given in the 
 Diets., is usually applied to mixing 
 brandy with wine. 
 
 He surely had been brandying it or beeriiig, 
 That is, in plainer English, he was drunk. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 138. 
 
 BRANDY-BALL, a sweetmeat in favour 
 with boys. 
 
 On one side was the gaudy riband making 
 its mute appeal to rustic gallantry ; on the 
 other, the delicious brandy-ball and alluring 
 lollipop compounded after the most approved 
 receipt in the True Gentlewoman's Garland, 
 and " raising the waters " in the mouth of 
 many an expectant urchin. Inyoldsby 
 Legends (Leech of Folkestone). 
 
 BRANDY is LATIN FOR A GOOSE, pro- 
 bably because people took a dram after 
 eating goose. There may be a catch in 
 this way. " What is the Latin for a 
 goose ? " " Ans(w)er, Brandy ; " anser 
 being the Latin word for goose. 
 
 Lord Sm. "Well, but after all, Tom, can you 
 tell me what's Latin for a goose ? 
 
 Nev. O my lord, I know that ; why, brandy 
 is Latin for a goose, and Tace is Latin for a 
 candle. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 BRANDY-PAWNEE, Anglo-Indian for 
 brandy and water. 
 
 " I'm sorry to see you, gentlemen, drinking 
 brandy-pawnee," says he ; " it plays the deuce 
 with our young men in India." Thackeray, 
 JVetccomes, ch. i. 
 
 I took up natural history in India years 
 ago to drive away thought, as other men 
 might take to opium or to brandy-paicnee. 
 Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xv. 
 
 BRANK. H. says "to hold up the 
 head affectedly ; to put a bridle or re- 
 straint on anything." In the extracts 
 it seems = to clatter, to come in with a 
 noise. Jamieson has it = to prance. 
 
 There was a rattle of horses' feet on the 
 stones, and the clank of a sabre, and Lieu- 
 tenant Hornby of the 140th Hussars (Prince 
 Arthur's Own) came branking into the yard 
 with two hundred pounds' worth of trappings 
 on him. H. Kinysley, JRavenshoe, ch. xxxii. 
 
 They came branking into some pot-house, 
 half a dozen of them, and talked loud about 
 this and that. Ibid., ch. xlvii. 
 
 BRANK. See extract. There is a pic- 
 ture of the brank in the work cited. 
 
 At the [Newcastle] town-hall I was shown 
 a piece of antiquity called a brank. It con- 
 sists of a combination of iron fillets, and is 
 fastened to the head by a lock fixed to the 
 back part of it ; a thin plate of iron goes into 
 the mouth, sufficiently strong, however, to 
 
 confine the tongue, and thus prevent the 
 wearer from making any use of that restless 
 member. The use of this piece of machinery 
 is to punish notorious scolds. I am pleased 
 to find that it is now considered merely as a 
 matter of curiosity. Life of J. Lackinyton, 
 Letter xliii. 
 
 BRANTLE, the brawl. N., L., and R. 
 have bransle, all with the same quota- 
 tion from the faerie Qneene, III. x. 8. 
 Pepys spells it bransle, Nov. 15, 1666. 
 
 The King takes out the Duchess of York ; 
 and the Duke the Duchess of Buckingham ; 
 the Duke of Monmouth my Lady Castle- 
 maine ; and so other lords other ladies ; and 
 they danced the Brantle. Pepys, Dec. 30, 
 1662. 
 
 BRASH, eruption ; rash. 
 
 He is a churl with a soft place in his heart, 
 whose speech is a brash of bitter waters, but 
 who loves to help you at a pinch. Emerson, 
 quoted in Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. ii. 
 
 BRASMATIAS, an earthquake consisting 
 in violent perpendicular upheavings of 
 the earth (Ppaaauv , to boil). Arist. 
 Mund., iv. 30. See Jf. and Q., V. x. 
 409. 
 
 That kinde of earthquake which as I deeme 
 naturall Philosophers call Brasmalias. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 620. 
 
 BRASS, money. In the first quotation 
 from Bp. Hall it may mean copper 
 money, as it does in St. Matt. x. 9, &c., 
 but in the other extracts it = money 
 generally. 
 Shame that the muses should be bought and 
 
 sold 
 For every peasant's bi*ass on each scaffold. 
 
 Hall, Satires, I. iii. 58. 
 Hirelings enow beside can be so base, 
 Tho' we should scorn each bribing variet's 
 
 brass. Ibid., IV. v. 12. 
 
 " There'll be Fosters i' th' background, as 
 one may say, to take t' biggest share oil t' 
 profits," said Bell. " Ay, ay, that's but as it 
 should be, for I reckon they'll ha' to find the 
 brass the first." Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's 
 Lovers, ch. xx. 
 
 BRASS, impudence. 
 
 She in her defence made him appear such a 
 rogue upon record, that the Chief Justice 
 wondered he had the brass to appear in a 
 court of justice. North, Examen, p. 256. 
 
 BRASSY, like brass, and so, impudent. 
 In Merchant of Venice, IV. i. it = 
 hard. 
 
 No, Mister Gattle Betty was too brassy. 
 
 We never keep a servant that is saucy. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 73. 
 
 BRAT, a north-country word for
 
 BRATHEL 
 
 ( So ) BREAD AND CROW 
 
 apron or pinafore. Chaucer has bratt 
 = cloak (Cant. Tales, 16, 349). 
 
 "We had nought on but our hats, an' bits 
 o' blue bedgowns, an' brats; see ye may 
 think we cuddent be varra heeat. Southey, 
 The Doctor, Interchapter xxiv. 
 
 T BKATHEL, same as brothel, which was 
 sometimes used for a harlot, and so 
 generally as a term of reproach for a 
 woman. Xantippe is the brathel referred 
 to in the extract. 
 
 The scoldyng of brothels is no more to bee 
 passed on then the squeking of wel wheles. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 26. 
 
 BRATTICE, to board up. See L., 5. v. 
 bretage. 
 
 He led me in and out the marshy places 
 to a great round hole or shaft bratticed up 
 with timber. -Blackinore, Lorna Doone, ch. 
 Iviii. 
 
 ' BRAVADA, a boast or fanfaronade. 
 Bravado is more usual. Ital. and Span. 
 bravata. 
 
 And yet all this but a mere flourish, a 
 faint and feigned bravada. Sanderson, ii. 340. 
 
 BRAVADE, a boast, or show of courage. 
 Anglicized form of preceding. 
 
 My blood has often curdled in my veins, 
 when I heard gentlemen magnify their in- 
 famous conquests, and raise cruel trophies 
 on the ruins of women's honour: I had not 
 patience to hear the bravades, nor power to 
 hinder 'em. Gentleman Instructed, p. 65. 
 
 Some, however, with outward bravade, but 
 inward tremblings, went searching along the 
 walls, and behind the posts, for some lurcher. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 101. 
 
 BRAVADO, a braggart. 
 
 We will march about like bravadoes, 
 Huffing, and puffing, 
 
 And snuffing, and calling the Spaniard. 
 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 16. 
 
 Several letters in the House about the 
 Fanatickes in several places, coming in great 
 bodies, and turning people out of the 
 churches, . . . which makes them stark mad, 
 especially the hectors and bravadoes of the 
 House, who show all the zeal on this occa- 
 sion. Pepys, Feb. 28, 1667-68. 
 
 BRAVER, boaster. 
 
 Our countrimen . . . would carrie the buck- 
 lers full easilie from all forreine brauers. 
 jYashe, Pref. to Greene's Menaphon, p. 16. 
 
 BRAVERY, chivalry. 
 
 The Grandees also, and others of the Cas- 
 tilian Lravery that conducted the Prince to 
 the Seas, were feasted in our Admiral at a 
 true English table, free, pleasant, luxuriously 
 bountiful. Hacket, Life of Williami, i. 162. 
 
 BRAVEUR, courage. Fr. bravoure. 
 
 It was want of judgment not to know that, 
 if the matter of the proclamation was not 
 defensible, as it was manifestly, yet the 
 braveur of the carriage had made him friends. 
 North, Examen, p. 555. 
 
 The conversation and ordinary discourse 
 of the club was chiefly upon braveur in de- 
 fen ding the cause of liberty and property. 
 Ibid. p. 572. 
 
 BRAVO, a brave man : usually em- 
 ployed opprobriously of a swaggering 
 ruffian or hired assassin. 
 
 Can you therefore think that those bravoes 
 who tremble more at the shadow of a dis- 
 grace than at all the terrors of damnation 
 will buy pardon at the expense of their 
 honour? Gtntleman Instructed, p. 67. 
 
 BRAWL, a bravo. A jurgiis in the 
 original. 
 
 I am his swabber, his chamberlain, his 
 footman, his clerk, his butler, his book- 
 keeper, his brawl, his errand boy. Bailey's 
 Erasmus, p. 42. 
 
 BRAWN-FALLEN, lean ; skinny. 
 Where brawn-falne cheeks, heart-scalding 
 
 sighs, and dimmed eyes with teares, 
 Doe shewe in Life's anatomy what burthen 
 
 Sorrowe beares. 
 
 Breton, Melancholike Humours, p. 8. 
 
 Poore braion-falne begger, whereon dost 
 thou feede ? Ibid., Pilgrimage to Paradise, 
 p. 12. 
 
 For our women here in France, they are 
 such lean brawn-fall'n jades. Farquhar, The 
 Inconstant, Act I. 
 
 BRAY, applied to the roaring of a lion, 
 and the noise made by a buck. 
 
 A horse neigheth. a lyon brayes, a swine 
 grunts. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, 
 Bk. III. ch. xvii. 
 
 If I did not hear a bow go off and the buck 
 bray, I never heard deer in my life. Merry 
 Devil of Edmonton (Dodsley, O. Pl.,xi. 156). 
 
 BREAD-AND-BUTTER, used contempt- 
 uously of young and shy girls : the ex- 
 pression probably owes its currency to 
 what Byron says of "your budding 
 Miss": 
 
 The Nursery still lisps out in all they utter 
 Besides, they always smell of bread-and- 
 butter. Beppo, st. 39. 
 
 One was a middle-aged clergyman, and the 
 other a lady at any rate past the wishy- 
 washy bread-and-butter period of life. Trol- 
 lope, Bare/tester Towers, ch. xli. 
 
 BREAD AND CROW seems to be used 
 proverbially for "everyone." Perhaps 
 there is some allusion to ^Esop's fable,
 
 BREAD-BASKET ( 81 ) 
 
 BREDE 
 
 as though the fox ate not only the 
 crow's bread, but the crow herself. 
 
 The gods and goddesses, all on a rowe, 
 bread and crow, from Ops to Pomona (the 
 first apple-wife), were so dumpt with this 
 miserable wracke that they beganne to 
 abhorre all moysture for the sea's sake. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuff (Harl. Misc., vi. 168). 
 
 BREAD-BASKET, the stomach. Smol- 
 lett uses bread-room (which seems to 
 have been sea slang) in the same sense. 
 See extract s. v. SLING. 
 
 Another came up to second him, but I let 
 drive at the mark, made the soup-maigre 
 rumble in his bread-banket, and laid him 
 sprawling. Foote, Englishman, in Paris, 
 Act I. 
 
 A heavy blow was struck on the panel 
 from the inside, and the point of a sharp 
 instrument driven right through, close to 
 my knees, with the exclamation, " "What do 
 you think o' that now in a policeman's 
 bread-basket?" C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. 
 xxxiii. 
 
 When you can't fill the bread-basket, shut 
 it. Go to sleep till the Southern Cross comes 
 out again. Reade, Never too Late to Mend, 
 ch. Ixx. 
 
 BREADLINESS, eating together, and 
 consequent intimacy ; what Sir T. 
 Browne calls commensation. 
 
 If yo''ve any love for me because of yo'r 
 dead mother's love for me, or because of any 
 fellowship or daily breadliness between us 
 two, put the hard thoughts of Philip away 
 from out yo'r heart. Mrs. Gatkell, Sylvia's 
 Lovers, ch. xxxix. 
 
 BREAD-ROOM, stomach. 
 
 The waiter . . returned with a quartern 
 of brandy, which Crowe, snatching eagerly, 
 started into his bread-room at one cant. 
 Smollett, L. Greaves, ch. xvii. 
 
 BREADSTITCH, braidstitch. Cf. BREDE. 
 The extract from Taylor is quoted from 
 Southey' s Doctor, ch. ciii. 
 
 Brave bred-stitch, fisher-stitch, Irish-stitch, 
 and Queen-stitch. Taylor (the water poet). 
 
 They understand their needle, breadstitch, 
 cross and change, and all manner of plain 
 work. Goldsmith, Vicar of Wakefield, ch. xi. 
 
 BREADY, of bread. Breaden is more 
 usual. 
 
 Honorius the third, bishop of Rome, com- 
 manded this new bready god to be honoured. 
 Hooper, i. 527. 
 
 BREAK- BACK, over- weighty. Cf . BACK- 
 BREAK. 
 
 All breake-backe Crosses which we vndergo 
 Are cast vpoa us by this Euill still. 
 
 Davies, Sunima Totalis, p. 21. 
 
 BREAK-LEAGUE, a covenant-breaker. 
 L. has break-promise and break-vow- 
 Dido, in Stanyhurst's version (^En., iv. 
 557), invokes Divine vengeance on *'al 
 faythlesse break leages" 
 
 BREAMBACKED, with a high-ridged 
 back like a bream. It is a horse that 
 is spoken of in the extract. 
 
 He was not . . . hollow-backed, bream- 
 backed, long-backed, or broken-backed. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxciii. 
 
 BREAST. In a breast = abreast. 
 
 He then commanded his general ... to 
 draw up the troops in close order, and march 
 them under me ; the foot by twenty-four 
 in a breast, and the horse by sixteen. Sicift, 
 Voyage to Lilliput, ch. iii. 
 
 BREAST. To make a clean breast = to 
 tell everything. 
 
 You know all about it ; ... I made a clean 
 breast to you. G.Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. Ixvi. 
 
 BREATH. To keep one' s breath to cool 
 one's broth or porridge = to desist 
 from useless argument or remonstrance. 
 In the extract from Bailey the original 
 is laterem lavat, he washes a tile, i. e. 
 loses his labour. 
 
 My lord, save your breath for your broth ; 
 I am not now at leisure to attend you. 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act II. 
 
 Truly, sir, you may please, as the proverb 
 runs, to keep your breath to cool your pottage, 
 and spend it no longer upou me. Howell, 
 Parly of Seasts, p. 85. 
 
 You have no reason to fear a peace for 
 these ten years : the pope is the only man 
 that persuades them to come to an agree- 
 ment among themselves, but he had as good 
 keep his breath to cool his porridge. Hailey's 
 Erasmus, p. 312. 
 
 BREATHY SWORDS, swords of thy 
 breath, i. e. killing words. The Rev. 
 J. Mitford pronounces this " more bar- 
 baric than anything we have met with 
 in Peele," and suggests "breathed 
 words," but cf. Ps. Iv. 22. Latham 
 has breathy = sending out as breath. 
 
 O help, my David, help thy Bethsabe, 
 Whose heart is pierced with thy breathy 
 swords. Peele, David and Bethsabe, p. 485. 
 
 BREDE, braid. L. marks this word 
 .is obsolete ; it has been revived by 
 Keats and Tennyson. See quotation 
 s. v. VOLCANIAN, and cf. BREADSTITCH. 
 
 Psyche ever stole 
 
 A little nearer, till the babe that by us, 
 Half-lapt in glowing gauze and golden brede,
 
 BREECHLOADER ( 82 ) BRIDEWELLING 
 
 Lay like a new-fall'n meteor on the grass 
 Uiicared for, spied its mother. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, vi. 
 
 BREECHLOADER, a rifle that is loaded 
 at the breech instead of the muzzle. 
 
 There are two herons just round the point, 
 and I have my breechloader and a dozen car- 
 tridges here. Mack, Princess of Thule, ch. 
 xxiii. 
 
 BREEDLING, a native of the fen country. 
 L. has the word, but only with quota- 
 tion from Macaulay. Pepys, describ- 
 ing a journey from Parson's Drove to 
 Wisbeach, writes : 
 
 Over most sad fenns, all the way observ- 
 ing the sad life which the people of the place 
 which, if they be boru there, they do call 
 the Breedliiigs of the place do live. Sept. 
 17, 1663. 
 
 BREEZE, to blow. 
 
 At this moment the noise of the distant 
 fight breezed up louder than ever. H. Kings- 
 ley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xliv. 
 
 BRENEAGE, payment for burning reeds 
 in the fen (?). 
 
 To Wyllm Cortys for breneage in the fen. 
 Leverton Chwardens. Accts., 1535 (Arch., 
 xli. 345). 
 
 BREPHOPHAGIST, eater of children. 
 The writer's brother made the acquaintance 
 in California, not a year ago, of a gentleman 
 who affirmed that babies were excellent eat- 
 ing. . . . This Brephophayist was a well- 
 dressed and nicely-mannered man. E. Rae, 
 Land of the N. Wind, p. 265 (1875). 
 
 BRETHREED, brotherhood. 
 
 He had a certain breethreed which vsed to 
 resorte and gather together at his hous. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 377. 
 
 BREWERS, briars (?). Fuller, in the 
 margin, calls it "an old English word." 
 
 Willhelmus Brewer. His mother, unable 
 (to make the most charitable constructions) 
 to maintain, cast him in brewers (whence he 
 was so named) or in a bed of brakes in New 
 Forrest. Fuller, Worthies, Devon (i. 295). 
 
 BRIBBLE-BRABBLE, chattering or quar- 
 relling. 
 
 You are a foolish bribble-brabble woman, 
 that you are. The Committee, Act III. 
 
 BRIBE-GROPING, corrupt; bribe-seek- 
 ing. 
 
 The bribe-groping officer, in what court 
 soever his dition lies, is an oppressing rider 
 Adams, i. 87. 
 
 BRIBERYNG, robbing. 
 
 God gene her a shamefull repreefe, 
 For it is the moost briberynge thefe 
 That euer was, I make God a vowe. 
 Dyaloge betirene a Gentleman and 
 a Husbandman, p. 137. 
 
 BRIBES-WALKING, bribery. 
 
 There was bribes-walking, money-making, 
 making of hands, quoth the prophet. 
 Latimer, i. 156. 
 
 BRIBRESS, female briber. 
 
 Now, Belford, see us all sitting in judge- 
 ment, resolved to punish the fair brilress. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 66. 
 
 BRIC-A-BRAC (Fr.), odds and ends. A 
 bric-a-brac shoj) = old curiosity shop. 
 
 Two things only jarred on his eye in his 
 hurried glance round the room : there was 
 too much bric-a-brac, and too many flowers. 
 H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. xxxi. 
 
 " Haven't an affair in the world," said 
 Hans, in a flighty way ; " except a quarrel 
 with a bric-a-brac man." G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. Ixvii. 
 
 BRICCOLL, a species of warlike engine. 
 Here bends the Briccoll, while the cable 
 
 cracks, 
 Their Crosbowes were vprent with yron 
 
 Backs. Hudson's Judith, iii. 109. 
 Here th' Enginer begins his Ham to rear ; 
 Here mounts his Trepan, and his Scorpion 
 
 there ; 
 Bends here his Bricol, there his boysterous 
 
 Bow. Sylvester, Bethulia's Rescue, iii. 109. 
 
 BRICK, a good fellow ; rtrpaywvoc 
 avjp? (Aristotle, Etli., i. 10). This is 
 the derivation suggested in the first 
 quotation. 
 
 In brief I don't stick to declare Father Dick, 
 So they called him for short, was a regular 
 
 brick ; 
 
 A metaphor taken, I have not the page aright, 
 Out of an ethical work by the Stagyrite. 
 Inyoldsby Leg. (Brothers of Birchington). 
 
 " I may say," continued Mr. Peacock em- 
 phatically, " that he was a regular trump 
 trump ! " he reiterated with a start, as if the 
 word had stung him " trump ! he was a 
 brick.'' Lyiton, The Cantons, Bk. XI. ch. v. 
 
 Never mind me, but mind yourself, and 
 mind that curate ; he is a noble brick. C. 
 Kingsley, Ttco Years Ago, ch. xvii. 
 
 BRICKS. Like bricks = vehemently, 
 quickly. See quotation s. v. MIDSHIP- 
 MAN. 
 
 Bump they comes agin the post, and out 
 flies the fare like bricks. Sketches by Boz, 
 The Last Cab-Driver. 
 
 BRIDEWELLING, imprisoning in house 
 of correction. Cf. NEWGATED. 
 Here is bridewelling, banishing, and selling
 
 BRIDGELESS ( 83 ) 
 
 BRISTLE 
 
 of people to slavery. H. Care's Draconica. 
 A.D. 1688. 
 
 BRIDGELESS, without a bridge, or that 
 cannot be bridged. 
 Alone unchanged, a free and bridgeless tide, 
 
 Euphrates rolls along. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. v. 
 
 BRIDGEMASTER, proprietor of a bridge. 
 
 The Bridyemasters were obliged to exact 
 at the Ferry there exorbitant rates for con- 
 veying passengers over the Thames, in order 
 the better to support the said [Staines] bridge. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 233. 
 
 BRIDLE-CULL, a highwayman, who 
 was usually mounted (thieves' cant). 
 See quotation from same work, s. v. 
 BUTTOCK. Cf. SNAFFLING-LAY. 
 
 A booty of 10 looks as great in the eye 
 of a bridle-cull, and gives as much real hap- 
 piness to his fancy, as that of as many thou- 
 sands to the statesman. Fielding, Jonathan 
 Wild, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 BRIDLELESS, without a bridle. 
 
 Far over the plain 
 Away went the bridleless steed. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. vi. 
 
 BRTDPORT DAGGER. See extract. 
 
 " Stab'd with a Brydport Dagger." That is, 
 hang'd or executed at the Gallowes ; the best, 
 if not the most, hemp (for the quantity of 
 ground) growing about Brydport. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Dorset (i. 310). 
 
 BRIEF, to shorten. R. says, " Dr. 
 Jamieson gives instances of the use of 
 brief as a verb. It is common among 
 English lawyers, as to brief the plead- 
 ings." R. gives no example, and Jamie- 
 eon's are from Scotch writers. 
 
 Thy power is confined, thy time is limited ; 
 both thy latitude and extension are briefed 
 up. Adams, ii. 135. 
 
 BRIG, bridge. 
 Look thou theer wheer Wrigglesby beck 
 
 comes out by the 'ill. 
 Feyther run up to the farm, an' I runs up to 
 
 the mill ; 
 
 An' I'll run up to the brig ; an' that thou'll 
 live to see. 
 
 Tennyson, Northern Farmer, 
 New Style. 
 
 BRIGADIER WIG, a species of wig used 
 apparently by elderly men of good 
 position worn perhaps by senior 
 officers in the army. 
 
 I ... had no conception that a man of so 
 respectable an appearance, in a brigadier wig 
 and grave habit, that looked more like a 
 justice of peace or high sheriff than a de- 
 bauched rake, could be guilty of any rudeness 
 
 or indecent behaviour. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. III. ch. xiii. 
 
 BRIGADO, brigade. The form in the 
 extract is due to the rhyme. 
 Where once they form'd their troops, 
 
 Briyados, 
 Their horn-works, rampires, pallizados. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 6. 
 
 BRILLIANT, to make brilliant by 
 polishing. 
 
 Thank you a thousand times, dear Madam, 
 for your obliging letter and the new Bristol 
 stones you have sent me, which would pass 
 on a more skilful lapidary than I am for 
 having been brillianted by a professed artist, 
 if you had not told me that they came shin- 
 ing out of a native mine, and had no foreign 
 diamond dust to polish them. Walpole, 
 Letters, iv. 377 (1784). 
 
 BRIMSE, gadfly. See H., s. v. 
 
 I vnderstand they are all in a fustian fume, 
 they runne to and fro with a nettle in their 
 noses, and lashe out their heeles, as they had 
 caught the brimse, which is a plaine token 
 that the gawle is rubbed, the canker toucht. 
 Gosson, Apologie of Schools of Abuse, p. 64. 
 
 BRIMSTONE, a bad, shrewish woman. 
 
 I hate the law damnably ever since I lost 
 a year's pay for hindering our boatswain's 
 mate's brother from beating his wife. The 
 brimstone swore I beat her husband, and so 
 I paid for meddling. Johnston, Chrysal, ii. 
 190. 
 
 BRINCE, to pledge in drinking, or to 
 offer drink. N., s. v. brinck, quotes that 
 word from Lyly, and says, " An unusual 
 word having some reference to drinking. 
 If an error of the press, I know not 
 what the reading should be." See also 
 H., s. v. 
 
 Luther first brinced to Germany the poi- 
 soned cup of his heresies, blasphemies, and 
 satanisms. Jewel, iii. 265. 
 
 BRINE-SEETH, a brine-pit, from the 
 salt water of which salt is extracted by 
 boiling. 
 
 From Chester we kept directly on East to 
 Middlewich, . . . chiefly noted for making 
 salt, where are two excellent brine-seeths. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 385. 
 
 BRINGING, being brought : for a simi- 
 lar use of the participle see carrying, 
 drawing, searching. 
 
 She only came on foot to leave more room 
 for the harp which was bringing in the car- 
 riage. Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. vi. 
 
 BRISTLE, brisk : which is the reading 
 in some copies. 
 
 <5 2
 
 BRISTOL MILK ( 84 ) 
 
 The bristle mouse may feed her selfe with 
 
 crumms, 
 Till that the greene-eyed kitling comes. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 459. 
 
 BRISTOL MILK. See extracts. Pepys 
 (June 13, 1668) enjoyed " plenty of 
 brave wine, and above all Bristol milk.' 1 
 Ld. Braybrooke quotes from the first 
 edition of Byron's Eng. Bards and 
 Scotch Reviewers (the lines are altered 
 in later editions) : 
 
 Too much in turtle Bristol's sons delight, 
 Too much o'er bowls of rack prolong the night. 
 
 " Bristol Milk" Though as many Ele- 
 phants are fed as Cows grased within the 
 Walls of this City, yet great plenty of this 
 metaphorical Milk, whereby Xeres or Sherry 
 Sack is intended. Fuller, Worthies, Bristol. 
 
 The repast was dressed in the furnace, and 
 was accompanied by a rich beverage made of 
 the best Spanish wine, and celebrated over 
 the whole kingdom as Bristol milk. Ma- 
 caiday, Hist, of Eny., Vol. I. ch. iii. 
 
 BRITTANY, Britain : now confined to 
 the district so named in France. 
 
 The isle of Albion, or great Brittany, 
 Howell, Letters, ii. 55. 
 
 BROACH-TURNER, turnspit. Of. TURN- 
 
 BROACHER. 
 
 Dish-washer and broach-turner, loon ! to me 
 
 Thou smellest all of kitchen as before. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 BROAD. See first extract. 
 
 A broad is the spread of a river into a 
 sheet of water, which is certainly neither 
 lake nor lagoon. Southey, Letters (1812), ii. 
 307. 
 
 Then across the mill-pool, and through 
 the deep crooks, out into the broads, and 
 past the withered beds of weeds which told 
 of coming winter. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, 
 ch. viii. 
 
 BROAD BOTTOM. See quotation. 
 
 The Tories declare against any further 
 prosecution, if Tories there are, for now one 
 hears of nothing but the Broad Bottom ; it is 
 the reigning cant word, and means, the tak- 
 ing all parties and people indifferently into 
 the ministry. Walpole to Mann, i. 93 
 (1741-2). 
 
 BROAM, apparently some sort of spirit 
 or goblin. 
 
 The approach of the sun's radiant beams 
 expelleth goblins, bugbears, hob-thrushes, 
 broams, screech-owl mates, night- walking 
 spirits, and tenebrions. Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. III. ch. xxiv. 
 
 BROCADO. Swift in the annexed quot- 
 ation uses the Spanish form of this 
 word to suit his metre ; elsewhere he 
 lias brocade. 
 
 Brocados, and damasks, and tabbies, and 
 
 gawses, 
 
 Are by Robert Ballantine lately brought over. 
 Sicift, Song on a Seditious Pamphlet. 
 
 BROCATALL. See extract. 
 
 The Vice Chancellor, Heads of Houses, 
 and Doctors, being seated in magisterial 
 seates, the Vice Chancellor's chaire and 
 deske, Proctors, &c., cover'd with Brocatall 
 (a kind of brocade) and cloth of gold, the 
 Universitie Register read the founder's grant. 
 Evelyn, Diary, July 9, 1689. 
 
 BROCH STEEPLE, a pyramidical spire. 
 H. gives the reference, but not the words 
 of the subjoined. Broche by itself is 
 also used for steeple. See N. 
 
 Acuminato erat capite, his [Thersites'] head 
 was made like a broch steeple, sharpe and 
 high crown'd, which among all physiogno- 
 mers imports an ill affected minde. Optick 
 Glasse of Humors, p. 41 (1639). 
 
 BROGGER. In the Commons Journals, 
 i. 108 (1575), mention is made of a 
 " Bill against broggers and drovers." 
 H. explains brogger as " a badger [i. e. 
 a huckster or hawker] who deals in 
 corn." He refers to Holinshed ; but in 
 the extract it may mean one who brogs 
 or prods on cattle ; another name for 
 drover. See N. and Q., V. x. 410. 
 
 BROKE, breach. 
 
 Broke for broke, eye for eye, and tooth for 
 tooth. Becon, ii. 94. 
 
 BROKERESS, a female broker or go- 
 between. 
 
 Now beldam Brokresse must bee with 
 moouye rewarded. Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 
 140. 
 
 BRONSEWING, a small insect. 
 
 You know you've no more fight in you 
 
 than a bronsemny. H. Kingsley, Geoff ry 
 Ilamlyn, ch. xxvi. 
 
 BRONZIFY, to bronze, or cast in bronze. 
 
 St. Michael descending upon the Fiend has 
 been caught and bronzijied, just as he lighted 
 on the castle of St. Angelo. . . . He is as 
 natural as blank verse, that bronze angel, 
 set, rhythmic, grandiose. Thackeray, New- 
 comes, ch. xxxv. 
 
 BROOM, to sweep. 
 
 He had . . to yell at the woodman for 
 clearing not enough or too much, to rail at 
 the poor old work-people brooming away the 
 fallen leaves. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. Iviii. 
 
 BROOM. The proverb in the extract 
 is still in constant use to express the 
 zeal of one new to an office.
 
 BROOM-SQUIRE ( 85 ) 
 
 BR UCKLE 
 
 I will hence to the court with all liast I may, 
 I think the king be stirring, it is now bright, 
 
 day; 
 
 To wayte at a pinch, still in sight I meane, 
 For wot you what ? a new Iroome sweepes 
 cleane. 
 
 Edwards, Damon and Pithias 
 (Dodsley, 0. PL, i. 233). 
 
 BROOM-SQUIRE. See quotation. 
 
 " Did you ever," said Tom, " hear the story 
 of the two Sandhurst broom - squires 1 " 
 " Broom-squires ? " " So we call in Berkshire 
 squatters on the moor who live by tying 
 heath into brooms." C. Kingsley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. xiv. 
 
 BROOMSTICK. To be married over 
 the broomstick = to live as man and 
 wife without being married. In some 
 parts of England this is called " jump- 
 ing the besom." 
 
 Young ladies had fain single women re- 
 main, 
 And unwedded dames to the last crack of 
 
 doom stick, 
 Ere marry by taking a jump o'er a broomstick. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (S. Romwold). 
 This woman in Gerrard-street here had 
 been married very young, over the broomstick 
 (as we say), to a tramping man. Dickens, 
 Great Expectations, ch. xlviii. 
 
 BROTHER, to stand in the relation 
 of brother, or to address a person as 
 brother. 
 
 Had it not been for the prudent advice of 
 that admirable somebody (whose principal 
 fault is the superiority of her talents, and 
 whose misfortune to be brother'd and sister'd 
 by a couple of creatures who are not able to 
 comprehend her excellences), I might at one 
 time have been plunged into difficulties. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 407. 
 
 By such missions and such brothering and 
 sistering he kept up his influence among his 
 people. Southey, Letters, 1818 (iii. 97). 
 
 BROW, effrontery. Cf. CHEEK. 
 
 They were men of more brow than brain, 
 being so ambitious to be known, that they had 
 rather be hiss ? d down than not come upon 
 the stage. Fuller, Holy State, Bk. IV. ch, xi. 
 
 Some of them . . . have . . audacious brows 
 and seared consciences. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 162. 
 
 BROW-BENDING, frowning. 
 
 "With matrimonie cometh . . . the soure 
 browbendyng of your wifes kinsfolkes, the 
 tattelyng toungue of your wifes mother. 
 UdaVs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 18. 
 
 BROWN, a penny (slang). 
 Two or three chimney-sweeps, two or three 
 
 clowns, 
 
 Playing at pitch and toss, sport their broicns. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Netley Abbey} 
 
 BROWN BESS, the old regulation 
 musket with a brown barrel : it is no 
 longer in use. 
 
 Religion Jack did never profess, 
 
 Till he had shoulder'd old Brown Bess. 
 
 Combe. Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. ii. 
 
 BROWN-BREAD, ordinary ; homely. 
 
 He's a very idiot and brown-bread clown, 
 and one I know the wench does deadly hate. 
 Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., iii. 
 313). 
 They drew his brown-bread face on pretty 
 
 gins, 
 
 And made him stalk upon two rolling-pins. 
 Bp. Corbet on Great Tom of Ch. Ch. 
 
 BROWNETTA, a brunette. 
 In bodye fine f ewterd, a brave Brownetta. 
 Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 141. 
 
 BROWN GEORGE. See extract, and 
 cf. L., s. v. George. 
 
 He looked disdainfully at the wig ; it had 
 once been a comely jazey enough, of the 
 colour of over-baked ginger-bread, one of 
 the description commonly known during the 
 latter half of the last century by the name 
 of a brown George. Ingoldsby Legends (Jar- 
 ms's Wig). 
 
 BROWN GEORGE, a brown loaf. See 
 L., s. v. George, and the extract he- 
 gives from Dryden. The original in 
 the extract is boussin de pain. 
 
 The devil of one musty crust of a brown 
 George the poor boys had to scour their 
 grinders with. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. iv. 
 Author's Prologue. 
 
 BROWN GEORGE. See extract, and 
 L., s. v. George. 
 
 He . . stood behind his oak, holding his 
 brown George, or huge earthenware recept- 
 acle, half full of dirty water, in which his 
 bedmaker had been washing up his tea-things. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxiv. 
 
 BROWNIE, an elf or sprite of a bene- 
 volent character. 
 
 You talk of my being a fairy, but I am 
 sure you are more like a brownie. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 BROWNING, perhaps a form of 
 Brownie : winds were supposed to be 
 raised by witches. See s. v. LAPLAND. 
 
 Man is so wicked and vngratious, his wit 
 so inventiue, that he will be sowing, tending, 
 and plucking that with his own hand that 
 calls for nothing else at sea but winde ; and 
 neuer rests till Browning be come. Holland, 
 Pliny, Bk. xix. (proem). 
 
 BRUCKLE, brittle (?). Brickie is used 
 in Auth. Vers., 1611. H. has " BrucMed, 
 wet and dirty;" and Herrick, i. 96,
 
 BUCKEEN 
 
 speaks of "bnLckeld children." It is 
 just possible that the word in Putten- 
 hara may bear this meaning, but the 
 other seems more likely. 
 Goe now and giue thy life vnto the winde, 
 
 Trusting unto a piece of bruckle wood, 
 Foure inches from thy death, or seaman good, 
 The thickest planke for shipboord that we 
 find. 
 
 Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, 
 Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 BRUMMAGEM, applied to what is false, 
 Birmingham having a reputation for 
 spurious manufactures. In the first 
 quotation halfpenny is understood. 
 
 He picked it up, and it proved to be a 
 Brummejam of the coarsest and clumsiest 
 kind, with a head on each side. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. cxl. 
 
 Uncle Sam . . . had the brutality to tell 
 his nephew in very plain terms, that if ever 
 he found that Brummagem gent in Poole's 
 rooms again, Poole would never again see the 
 colour of Uncle Sam's money. Lytton, What 
 will he do mth it ? Bk. IV. ch. xvi. 
 
 BRUSH. See extract, which is given 
 at greater length, s. v. PIMP. 
 
 Small light bavins . . . are called in the 
 taverns a Brush. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, i. 138. 
 
 BRUSH, hasty departure. 
 
 I reminded him, not without blushing, 
 of my having no money. He answered, 
 " That signifies nothing ; score it behind the 
 door, or make a bold brush, and take no 
 notice." Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VIII. 
 ch. xii. 
 
 BRUSHMAN, a painter. 
 How difficult in artists to allow 
 
 To brother brushmen even a grain of merit ! 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 138. 
 
 BRUSQUE, abrupt. A French word 
 now naturalized. See L., s. v. brusk. 
 
 You rap out a round rejoinder, which, if 
 not blunt, is at least brusque. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xiv. 
 
 BRUSQUERIE, bluntness. A Fr. word 
 Anglicized. 
 
 Dorothea looked straight before her, and 
 spoke with cold brusquerie. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. ii. 
 
 BRUTE, applied without any ill mean- 
 ing to a human being. See extract s. v. 
 HEELS IN NECK. Friar Bacon, having in 
 his magic glass seen two scholars kill 
 each other, soliloquizes 
 Bacon, thy magic doth effect this massacre: 
 This glass prospective worketh many woes ; 
 And therefore seeing these brave lusty 
 
 Unites, 
 
 These friendly youths, did perish by thine 
 
 art, 
 End all thy magic and thine art at once. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 175. 
 
 BRUTERER, prophesier, or soothsayer. 
 This is Tyndale s explanation of the 
 word (i. 445), which he uses in Deut. 
 xviii., where " a bruterer, or a maker of 
 dismal days " = " that useth divination, 
 or an observer of times," in our version. 
 Bruterer, I suppose, therefore = one 
 who sends forth, under real or pretended 
 inspiration, reports or bruits. " Who 
 hath believed our report ? " (Isa. liii. 1). 
 
 BUBBLEABLE, capable of being duped. 
 
 If the winner is bubbleable, they will in- 
 sinuate themselves into his acquaintance. 
 The Nicker Nicked, 1669 (Harl. Misc., ii. 
 109). 
 
 BUBBLE AND SQUEAK, fried beef and 
 cabbage ; used also contemptuously, 
 like gammon and spinach. 
 
 Such is the sound (the simile's not weak) 
 Formed by what mortals bubble call and 
 
 squeak, 
 
 When midst the frying-pan in accents savage, 
 The beef so surly quarrels with the cabbage. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 29. 
 
 Bank and title ! bubble and squeak ! No ! not 
 half so good as bubble and squeak ; English 
 beef and good cabbage. But foreign rank 
 and title ! foreign cabbage and beef ! foreign 
 bubble and foreign squeak. Lytton, My Novel, 
 Bk. VIII. ch. viii. 
 
 BUBONIC, swollen ; inflated. 
 Rouse opposition, roared a tipsey cook, 
 "With hands a-kimbo, and bubonic look. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 29. 
 
 BUCCINATORY, blowing or trumpeting. 
 
 My uncle Toby instantly withdrew his 
 hand from off my father's knee, . . . and 
 then directing the buccinatory muscles along 
 his cheeks, and the orbicular muscles around 
 his lips to do their duty, he whistled Lilla- 
 bullero. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, ii. 121. 
 
 BUCK. 
 
 Half the river fell over a high weir, with 
 all its appendages of bucks, and hatchways, 
 and eel-baskets, into the Nun's-pool. C. 
 Kingsley, Yeast, ch. iii. 
 
 BUCKEEN, an inferior sort of squireen, 
 q. v. 
 
 There were several squireens or little 
 squires, a race of men who have succeeded 
 to the buckeens described by Young and 
 Crtimpe. Miss Edgeworth, Absentee, ch. vii. 
 
 The spalpeen ! turned into a buckeen, that 
 would be a squireen, but rau't. Ibid., Love 
 and Lair. i. 4.
 
 BUCKET ( 
 
 BUCKET, to use a bucket ; also to 
 drench. 
 
 Like Danaides' Sieve-like Tub is filling ever, 
 But never full for all their bucketing. 
 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st. 23. 
 
 "Wo be to him whose head is bucketed with 
 waters of a scalding bath. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 194. 
 
 BUCKET. To kick the bucket = to 
 die (slang). 
 
 Chieftain, if thou canst at all 
 
 For a shipwreck'd Lady angle, 
 Clew me up thy Castle wall ; 
 
 Near thee doth a Bucket dangle. 
 Chieftain, leave me not to drown ; 
 Save a Maid without a smicket. 
 If the Bucket come not down, 
 Soon shall I be doom'd to kick it. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 55. 
 " Fine him a pot," roared one, " for talking 
 about kicking the bucket ; he's a nice young 
 man to keep a cove's spirits up, and talk 
 about 'a short life and a merry one.' " C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. ii. 
 
 BUCKET. To give the bucket = to 
 dismiss, or give the sack. In the ex- 
 tract it refers to the rejection of an 
 offer of marriage. 
 
 He were sore put about because Hester 
 had gi'en him the bucket. Jfi-s. Gaskell, Syl- 
 via's Lovers, ch. xxi. 
 
 BUCKING, jumping up high and sud- 
 denly. 
 
 "He can sit some bucking horses which 
 very few men will attempt to mount." 
 " And that same bucking. Miss Brentwood," 
 said Halbert,"is just what puzzles me utterly. 
 
 1 got on a bucking horse in Sydney the other 
 day, and had an ignominious tumble in the 
 sale-yard, to everybody's great amusement." 
 H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xxviii. 
 
 BUCKISH, dandified. 
 Mr. Musgrave, a buckish kind of young 
 man of fashion. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, ii. 
 182. 
 
 But it so hap'd, among the rest 
 The farmer's landlord was a guest ; 
 A buckish blade, who kept a horse 
 To try his fortune on the course. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xvii. 
 
 BUCKLE, to submit ; to bend (see 
 
 2 Hen. IV., I. i., quoted by L.) : still 
 in use among shipwrights, &c. 
 
 Teach this body 
 
 To bend, and these my aged knees to buckle 
 In admiration and just worship to you. 
 
 Jonson, Staple of Neics, II. i. 
 
 The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin 
 to buckle. Pepys. Dec. 17, 1664. 
 
 [I] took up, which I keep by me, a piece of 
 
 r ) BUFF 
 
 glass so melted and buckled" iriih the heat of 
 the fire like parchment. Ibid. Sept. 5, 1666. 
 A brave man scorns to buckle to fortune. 
 T. Brown, Works, ii. 171. 
 
 BUCKLERS. To bang, snatch, take, 
 or hold up bucklers = to fight or con- 
 tend ; to yield bucklers = to submit ; 
 to carry bucklers from = to conquer. 
 See s. v. BRAVER. Cf. L. and N., s. v. 
 
 These great undertakers have snatched up 
 the bucklers, as if they would make it good 
 against all comers. Sanderson, i. 289. 
 
 Let any Papist or Precisian in the world give 
 instance but in any one single thiug doc- 
 trinally maintained by the Church of Eng- 
 land, which he can with any colour of truth 
 except against as a commandment of men, 
 .... we will yield the bucklers, and confess 
 her guilty. Ibid. ii. 159. 
 
 A rank coward may take up the bucklers, 
 and brave it like a stout champion. Ibid. 
 ii. 339. 
 
 "Were it not for God's marvellous blessing 
 on our studies, and the infinite odds of truth 
 on our side, it were impossible, in human 
 probability, that we should hold up the buck- 
 lers against [the Papists]. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 X. iii. 20. 
 
 They found the king to be well affected 
 [to Bp. Andrewes] for taking up the bucklers 
 for him against Cardinal Bellarmine. Heylin, 
 Life of Laud, Bk. i. p. 64. 
 
 Their servants at market, or where they 
 met (in that slashing age), did commonly 
 bang one another's bucklers. Aubrey, Misc., 
 p. 214. 
 
 BUCK-LOG, a beech log. See L., s.v. 
 buckwheat. Beech is the best firing- 
 wood, and is called in France bois du, 
 Seigneur. 
 
 A brutal cold country this for a man to 
 camp out in ; never a buck-log to his fire, no, 
 nor a stick thicker than your finger for seven 
 mile round. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. v. 
 
 BUCKRAM, to stiffen or swell out. 
 
 His most holy Book . . . 
 "Was never meant, was never used before, 
 To buckram out the memory of a man. 
 
 Cotrper, Winter Walk at Noon, 652. 
 
 BUCKRAMIZE, to stiffen, as with buck- 
 ram. 
 But who would then have heard of, by the 
 
 by, 
 
 The Vice-suppressing starch'd Society ? 
 That tribe of self-erected Prigs, whose 
 
 leaven 
 Consists in buckramizing souls for Heaven. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 126. 
 
 BUFF. In buff = naked. 
 
 The slaves . . had stripped the commis- 
 sary to his fmff. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. 
 Bk. III. ch. viii.
 
 BUFF 
 
 BULK 
 
 " I have got as many clothes and things of 
 all kinds as would serve to set up a Mon- 
 mouth-street merchant: if the place had 
 held out but a few days longer, the poor 
 devils must have done duty in their buff; 
 ha ! ha ! ha ! " " And the properest dress 
 for them," returned the admiral ; " who wants 
 any clothes in such a climate as this ? " 
 Johnston, Chrysal, ii. 235. 
 Titian's famed Goddess, in luxurious huff, 
 Was the first piece the Parson thrust his nose 
 
 on. Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 145. 
 
 BUFF, fellow, or, as we now say, 
 buffer. 
 
 Mayhap old buff has left my kinsman 
 here his heir. Smollett, Roderick Random, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 BUFF-COAT, a soldier ; or, as an adjec- 
 tive, military. 
 
 Schismatical pravity will grow up under 
 the licentiousness of war ; some profane 
 huff-coats will authorize such incendiaries. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 170. 
 
 Tis a buff-coat objection that his Majesty 
 consum'd as much in embassies to settle 
 differences by accord, and did no good, as 
 would have maintain'd a noble war, and 
 made him sure of his demands. Ibid. ii. 224. 
 
 BUFFER, fellow (slang). Of. BUFF. 
 I'll merely observe as the water grew roughen 
 The more my poor hero continued to suffer, 
 Till the sailors themselves cried in pity 
 
 "Poor buffer!" 
 
 Inyoldsby Let/ends (Bar/man* 's Dog}. 
 
 BUFFOONISH, like a buffoon ; ridicul- 
 ous. 
 
 All their actions are so bitffoonish and ini- 
 mical, that any would judge they had learned 
 all their tricks of mountebanks and stage- 
 players. Kennel's Erasmus, Praise of Folly, 
 p. 120. 
 
 BUFF-STOP. See extract. 
 Fat flattens the most brilliant thoughts, 
 Like the buff-stop on harpsichords or 
 
 spinnets 
 
 Muffling their pretty little tuneful throats, 
 That would have chirped away like linnets. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 122. 
 
 BUGABOO, a hobgoblin ; but in the 
 extract it seems = a magistrate, as 
 being a terror to evil-doers. 
 
 We have done many a mad prank together, 
 which I should not like the bugaboos and 
 bulkies to know. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixxix. 
 
 BUGGISH, terrifying. 
 Of father Anchises thee goast and grislye 
 
 resemblaunce, 
 When the day dooth vannish, when lights eke 
 
 starrye be twinckling, 
 In sleep mee monisheth, with visadge hinj- 
 
 yish he feareth. Stanyhurst, &n.,iv. 372. 
 
 BUGLE. This word is explained in 
 the Diets, a bull or buffalo, and this 
 seems to be its proper meaning; but 
 Fuller uses it for fallow deer, which is 
 also the word in our Bible in Deut. xiv. 
 5 ; 1 Kings iv. 23, where the older 
 version gives bugle. For more about 
 bugle, especially as an Isle of Wight 
 word and tavern-sign, see If. and Q-, 
 II. viii. 423, 461 ; x. 493. 
 
 Venison both red and fallow, for so we find 
 in Solomon's bill of fare, harts, bucks, and 
 bugles. Fuller, Pisyah Sight, I. v. 2. 
 
 BUGLE, a ghost. See Jamieson, s. v. 
 bogill. The extract occurs in a letter 
 to Aubrey from " a learned friend in 
 Scotland." 
 
 They assigned it [second sight] to Bugies 
 or Ghosts. Aubrey, Misc., p. 192. 
 
 BUGLE-BEARD, shaggy beard, like a 
 buffalo. N. has bugle-browed. 
 Who with his bristled, hoarie, bugle-beard, 
 Comming to kiss her, makes her lips afeard. 
 Sylvester, fourth day. first iceeke, 708. 
 
 BUGS. To swear by no bugs = to 
 swear earnestly, i. e. by no mere empty 
 things. N., s. v. beggars, gives the 
 phrase "to swear by no beggars." 
 
 Caligula . . . bid his horse to supper, gave 
 him wine to drink in cups of estate, set 
 barly graines of golde before him to eate, and 
 swore by no buys that hee would make him a 
 Consul. Gossan, Schoole of Abuse, p. 33. 
 
 BUILDRESS, female builder. 
 
 Sherah, the daughter of Ephraim the 
 younger, the greatest Imildresf in the whole 
 Bible. Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, II. ix. 8. 
 
 BULIMY, a diseased craving for food ; 
 hunger like that of an ox ; or, as Bailey 
 also explains it, hunger keen enough to 
 eat an ox. Sylvester has boulime. See 
 extract, s. v. ANOREXIE. 
 
 I do not mean the helluo librorum, .... nor 
 those first cousins of the north who labour 
 under a bulimy for black letter. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. xvii. 
 
 BULK, to be prominent ; to occupy 
 space. L. has it as an active verb. 
 
 At the date when Johnson was a poor 
 rusty-coated scholar . . . were there not chan- 
 cellors and prime-ministers enough ; graceful 
 gentlemen, the glass of fashion ; honour- 
 giving noblemen, dinner-giving rich men ; 
 renowned fire-eaters, swordsmen, gownsmen ; 
 quacks and realities of all hues; any one of 
 whom bitlkid much larger in the world's eye 
 than Johnson ever did? (.'tir'yle, Ji'/.sr. 
 iii. 57.
 
 BULK 
 
 BULLOCK 
 
 BULK, to belch. 
 
 His own commendation rumbles within 
 him, till he hath bulked it out, and the air 
 of it is unsavoury. Adams, i. 500. 
 
 BULKER, prostitute. 
 He is the treasurer of the thieves' ex- 
 chequer, the common fender of all bidkers 
 and shop-lifts in the town. Four for a 
 Penny, 1678 (Harl. Misc., iv. 147). 
 
 For all your majors scarce will make 
 Me think what's past for Virtue's sake ; 
 Or that this bulker of the town 
 Came only here to rub ye down. 
 
 D' Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 4. 
 In comparison of whom (cheating game- 
 sters) the common bulkers and pickpockets 
 are a very honest society. T. Brown, Works, 
 iii. 60. 
 
 BULKY, a constable (thieves' cant). 
 
 We have done many a mad prank together, 
 which I should not like the bugaboos and 
 bulkies to know. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixxix. 
 
 BULL, a blunder. The earliest ex- 
 ample of this word in the Diets, is 
 from Milton's Apology for Smectym- 
 nuus, 1642. The following, from 
 Selden's Table Talk, p. 230, might 
 possibly be a little earlier, though of 
 course its exact date cannot be assigned. 
 
 Predestination is a point inaccessible, out 
 of our reach ; we can make no notion of it, 
 'tis so full of intricacy, so full of contra- 
 diction ; 'tis in good earnest, as we state it, 
 half a dozen buffs one upon another. 
 
 BULL, a crown (slang). 
 
 " But what did he do with you ? " " Put 
 me in a horsepittle," replied Jo, whisperiug, 
 " till I was discharged ; then giv' me a little 
 money, four half bulls, wot you may call 
 half-crowns, and ses, ' Hook it ! ' " Dickens, 
 Bleak House, ch. xlvi. 
 
 BULL, a bubble. 
 
 This life is as a vapour, as a shadow passing 
 and fleeing away, as a fading flower, as a 
 bull rising on the water. Dean Noicell (Litur- 
 gical Services, Eliz. Parker Soc., p. 501). 
 
 BULL- DOG, a pistol. Cf. BARKER. 
 Beau Clincher provides himself with a 
 case of pocket pistols when meaning 
 to go to the Jubilee, and thus anti- 
 cipates a rencontre with an Italian 
 bravo ; 
 
 He whips out his stiletto, and I whips out 
 my bull-dog. Farquhar, Constant Couple, 
 iii. 2. 
 
 " I have always a brace of bull-dogs about 
 me." ... So saying, he exhibited a very hand- 
 some, highly-finished, and richly-mounted 
 pair of pistols. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 
 191. 
 
 BULL-DOGISM, the bull-dog character, 
 such as tenacity, courage, &c. 
 
 He possessed the element of bull-doyism 
 also. Savage, E. Medlicott, Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 BULL-DOGS, bailiffs ; also the men who 
 attend upon the Proctors at the Uni- 
 versities when making their rounds, 
 and who pin unruly undergraduates. 
 
 Mock. But pray what's the matter, Mr. 
 Lyric ? 
 
 Lyric. Nothing, sir, but a shirking book- 
 seller that owed me about forty guineas for 
 a few lines. He would have put me off, so I 
 sent for a couple of bull-days, and arrested 
 him. Farquhar, Love and a Bottle, iii. 2. 
 
 "We unworthier told 
 
 Of college : he had climb'd across the spikes, 
 And he had squeezed himself betwixt the 
 
 bars, 
 And he had breath'd the Proctor's dogs. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, Prologue. 
 
 BULLETED, hard and rounded like a 
 bullet. 
 
 Thee clowne stout standeth with a leshe 
 of bulleted hard stoans. Stanyhursl, Con- 
 ceites, p. 143. 
 
 BULLET-HEADEDNESS, stolid obstinacy ; 
 a quality usually found with a. head of 
 that shape. 
 
 The great defect of " Ellen Middleton," 
 lies in the disgusting sternness, captious- 
 ness, and bullet-headed ness of her husband. 
 E. A. Poe, Marginalia, Ixxiv. 
 
 BULLFINCH, a corruption of bull- 
 fence ; a stiff fence able to keep bulls 
 in or out of a field. 
 Sit down in your saddles and race at the 
 
 brook, 
 Then smash at the bullfinch. 
 
 C. Kingsley (Life, ii. 56). 
 
 BULLION, a measure of capacity ; an 
 English form of bouillon, a boiling. 
 Each boiling in a salt-pan was limited 
 to twenty-four gallons, which were ex- 
 pected to produce three and a half peel a 
 of suit. See N. and Q., V. x. 410. 
 
 In the very King's booke which we call 
 Domesday we read thus. In Wich the King 
 and Earle have eight salt pits, which in the 
 whole weeke wherein they boiled andwrought, 
 yeelded on the Friday sixteene Bullions. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 575. 
 
 BULLOCK, used derisively for a papal 
 brief. 
 
 I send you here a bullock which I did find 
 amongst my bulls, that you may see how 
 closely in time past the foreign prelates did 
 practise about their prey. Latimcr, ii. 378.
 
 BULLOCK 
 
 B VMMER Y 
 
 BULLOCK, to bully. 
 
 You have charged me with bullocking you 
 into owning the truth ; it is very likely, an't 
 please your worship, that I should bullock 
 him ; I have marks enow about my body to 
 show of his cruelty to me. Fielding, Tom 
 Jones, Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 BULL PLUM, prunus spinosa. 
 
 "We own it was a plum-tree indeed, but not 
 of the kind Mr. Sergeant sets forth, a dama- 
 scen plum ; our proofs say loudly a bull- 
 plum. Foote, The Lame Lover, Act III. 
 
 BULL'S-EYE, a policeman's lantern. 
 
 We don't see but half the bull's-eye yet, 
 and don't see at all the policeman which is 
 a-going on his beat behind the bull's eye. C. 
 Kingsley, Letter, May 1856. 
 
 BULL'S-EYE, a coarse sweetmeat. 
 
 He had just arranged a master-piece ; half- 
 a-dozen of the prettiest children sitting be- 
 neath a broken boat, . . . while the black- 
 bearded sea-kings round were promising them 
 rock and bull's-eyes, if they would only sit 
 still like " gude maids." C. Kingsley, Two 
 Years Ago, ch. xv. 
 
 BULL'S FEATHER, a horn. To bestow 
 the bull's feather = to make a cuckold. 
 One of the pieces in Merrie Drollerie, p. 
 264, is called Th^e Bulls Feather. Cuck- 
 olds are styled " knights of the bulls 
 feather " in Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. 
 JV. ch. vii. 
 
 A good whimsical instrument, take it alto- 
 gether! But what, thinkest thou, are the 
 arms to this matrimonial harbinger? . . . Three 
 crooked horns, smartly top-knotted with 
 ribands ; which being the ladies' wear, seem to 
 intimate that they may very probably adorn, 
 as well as bestow, the bull's feather. Richard- 
 son, C'l. Harlowe, v. 295. 
 
 BULLY, some sort of fish. 
 
 On a narrow spit of sand between the rocks 
 a dozen little girls are laughing, romping, and 
 pattering about, turning the stones for 
 " shannies" and "bullies" and other luckless 
 fish left by the tide. C. Kinysley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. ii. 
 
 BULLY, a name given to the larger 
 floe. 
 
 ' Dick and I be come hither to pick haws 
 and bullies? ..." I found them plucking haws 
 and sloes to appease their hunger. " Smollett, 
 Sir L. Greaves, ch. iii. 
 
 BULLY, used adjectivally, fine ; he- 
 roic. " That's bully " is an American- 
 ism, and means " that's grand, or fine." 
 So when Troy chairmen bore the wooden 
 
 steed, 
 
 Pregnant with Greeks, impatient to be freed 
 (Those Imfly Greeks, who, as the moderns do, 
 Instead of paying chairmen, run them thro'), 
 
 Laocoon struck the outside with his spear, 
 Aud each imprison'd hero quak'd for fear. 
 
 Sicift, Description of a City Shower. 
 
 BULLY DAWSON. See quotations. 
 The references to this worthy in Tom 
 Brown are numerous. One of the 
 Letters from the dead to the living is 
 from Bully Dawson to a kindred spirit. 
 
 Homer not only makes Achilles invulner- 
 able everywhere but in his heel, but likewise 
 bestows a suit of impenetrable armour upon 
 his invulnerable body. Bully Dawson would 
 have fought the Devil with those advantages. 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 72. 
 
 I never saw such a bouncing, swaggering 
 puppy since I was born ; Bully Daicson was 
 but a fool to him. Goldsmith, She Stoops to 
 Conquer, III. i. 
 
 "What is remembered now of Bully Dair- 
 son ? all I have read of him is that he lived 
 three weeks on the credit of a brass shilling, 
 because nobody would take it of him. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 BUMB BLADES, heavy or large swords. 
 
 My little rapier 
 
 Against your bumb blades! I'll one by one 
 dispatch you. 
 
 Massinger, City Madam, i. 2. 
 
 BUMBELOES. See extract ; the country 
 referred to is India. 
 
 "We were met by above a hundred girls 
 carrying on their heads to market baskets of 
 dried fish, which in this country are called 
 lumbeloes. Archteol., viii. 262 (1787). 
 
 BUMBLE FOOT, a club foot. 
 
 She died mostly along of Mr. Malone's 
 tumble foot, I fancy. Him and old Biddy 
 were both drunk a-fighting on the stairs, and 
 she was a step below he ; and he, being drunk 
 and bumble-footed too, lost his balance, and 
 down they came together. H. Kingsley, 
 Ravenshoe, ch. xli. 
 
 BUMBO is explained by Smollett in a 
 note to be " a liquor composed of rum, 
 sugar, water, and nutmeg." 
 
 [He] returned to his messmates, who were 
 making merry in the ward-room, round a 
 table well stored with bumbo and wine. 
 Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 BUM-BRUSHER, an elegant name for a 
 schoolmaster. 
 
 I [Dionysius] was forced to turn bum- 
 brusher in my own defence, a condition which 
 best suited with a man that delighted in 
 tyranny and blood. T. Brown, Wurks, ii. 86. 
 
 BUMMERY BOND, bottomry bond ; 
 bond of insurance on a ship's bottom. 
 
 There was a scrivener of "Wapping brought 
 to hearing for relief against a biimmery-bond. 
 yortli, Life of Lord Gxitford, ii. 118'.
 
 BURKE 
 
 BUMPTIOUS, conceited. See quota- 
 tion s. v. GUMPTION. 
 
 No, my dearest Padre ; bumptious ! no, I 
 deny the charge in toto ; I had not such a 
 thought, or rather such a feel, in the world. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 324. 
 
 BUM-TRAP, bailiff. 
 
 The noble bum-trap, blind and deaf to every 
 circumstance of distress, greatly rises above 
 all the motives to humanity, and into the 
 hands of the jailor resolves to deliver his 
 miserable prey. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. 
 VII. ch. iii. 
 
 BUN, a dried stalk. 
 
 Bat what shall be done with all the hard 
 refuse, the long buns, the stalks, the short 
 shuds or shives ? Holland, Pliny, xix. 1. 
 
 BUNGALOW, a one-storied house is so 
 called in India. 
 
 He had found her so friendless that he 
 took her into the vacant place, and installed 
 her there, as he would have received a 
 traveller into his bungaloic. Tttackeray, The 
 JYewcomes, ch. v. 
 
 BUNGERLY, clumsy ; slow. 
 
 Oftentimes the more shallow in knowledge 
 the more bunrierly in wickedness. Adams, 
 ii. 43. 
 
 BUNK, berth. 
 
 If I knew my business properly, I should 
 at this point represent Charles as falling 
 down the companion-ladder and spraining 
 his ankle, or as having over-eaten himself, 
 and so pass over the rest of his voyage by 
 saying that he was confined to his bunk, and 
 saw no more of it. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, 
 ch. li. 
 
 BUNKUM, empty declamation, an 
 American expression said to be derived 
 from an orator who persisted in speak- 
 ing, though he had few or no listeners, 
 alleging that he was speaking to Bun- 
 combe, a place in N. Carolina, which he 
 represented. 
 
 Talk plain truth, and leave bunkum for 
 right honourables who keep their places 
 thereby. C. Kingsley, Tico Years Ago, ch. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 BUNTING LAMB. To bunt is to push 
 with the head as a ram. See N. and 
 Q., V. x. 410. 
 
 And I have brought a twagger for the nones 
 A bunting lamb. 
 
 Peele, Arraignment of Paris, I. i. 
 
 BUR, twang, or roughness. 
 
 Their honest and ingenuous natures com- 
 ing to the universities to store themselves 
 with good and solid learning, and there un- 
 fortunately fed with nothing else but the 
 
 scragged and thorny lectures of monkish and 
 miserable sophistry, were sent home again 
 with such a scholastic bur in their throats as 
 hath stopped and hindered all true and gener- 
 ous philosophy from entering, [and] cracked 
 their voices for ever with metaphysical gar- 
 garisms. Milton, Reason of Ch. Govt., Con- 
 clusion. 
 
 I have a damned fine original for tbee, an 
 aunt of my own, just come from the North, 
 with the true Newcastle bur in her throat. 
 Foote, The Minor, Introduction. 
 
 BUR, sweetbread of a calf. The ex- 
 tract is from a bill which Lackington 
 says was put up in a shop in Petticoat- 
 lane. 
 
 Rumps and burs sold here, and baked 
 sheep's-heads will be continued every night, 
 if the Lord permit. Life of J. Lackington, 
 Letter xxviii. 
 
 BURDOCK, a weed, belonging to the 
 genus Arctium. See quotation from 
 H. Kingsley s. v. BUT. 
 
 I had lain so many nights 
 A bedmate of the snail, and eft, and snake, 
 In grass and burdock. 
 
 Tennyson, The Holy Grail, p. 67. 
 
 BUREAUCRAT, an administrative official ; 
 a red-tapist. See quotation s.v. PLUTO- 
 CRAT. 
 
 It was whispered that he had in old times 
 done dirty work for Dublin Castle bureau- 
 crats. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xx. 
 
 BURGUNDY, a species of head-dress. 
 
 Sir, I was running to Mademoiselle Furbelo, 
 the French milliner, for a new burgundy for 
 my lady's head. . . . Oh, sir. that's the pret- 
 tiest fashion lately come over! so airy, so 
 French, and all that ! The pinners are dou- 
 ble ruffled with twelve plaits of a side, and 
 open all from the face ; the hair is frizzled 
 all up round the head, and stands as stiff as 
 a bodkin. Then the favourites hang loose 
 upon the temples, with a languishing lock in 
 the middle. Then the caul is extremely wide, 
 and over all is a coronet raised very high, and 
 all the lappets behind. Farquhar, Sir Harry 
 Wildair, i. 1. 
 
 BURKE, to stifle : from Burke, who 
 was hung in 1829 for various murders 
 by suffocation of people, whose bodies 
 lie afterwards sold to the surgeons. See 
 s. v. BISHOP. 
 
 Although neither Burke nor Bishop had 
 then [A.D. 1800 J gained a horrible notoriety, 
 his own observation might have suggested to 
 him how easily the atrocities to which the 
 former has since given his name might be 
 committed. Sketches by Boz (The Black 
 Veil).
 
 BURN DAYLIGHT ( 92 
 
 BUSHEL 
 
 The last new novel seem'd tame and flat, 
 The leg, a novelty newer than that, 
 
 Had tripp'd up the heels of fiction, 
 It burked the very essays of Burke. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegy. 
 
 BURN DAYLIGHT, said of having can- 
 dles in before it is dark. Scott makes 
 it = take a long time. I do not under- 
 stand Neverout's remark. 
 
 Hearsay. Her nose the candle . . . 
 
 Shape. How bright it flames! Put out 
 your nose, good lady, you burn daylight. 
 Carticright, The Ordinary, i. 2. 
 
 Lady Sm. Here, take away the tea-table, 
 and bring up candles. 
 
 Lady Ans. O, Madam, no candles yet, I 
 beseech you ; don't let us burn daylight. 
 
 Nev. I dare swear, Miss for her part will 
 never burn daylight, if she can help it. 
 Sicift, Polite Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 
 "Your story," said the stalwart Church- 
 man ; " burn not daylight about it ; we have 
 short time to spare." Scott, Ivanhoe, ii. 364. 
 
 BURN-GRAIN, destructive of grain. 
 
 Turning our seed-wheat-kernel 
 To burn-grain thistle and to vapourie darnel. 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 165. 
 
 BURNOUS, a long cloak with a hood 
 at the back, like that worn by Arabs. 
 
 She immediately moved towards her seat, 
 saying, " I want to put on my burnous.'" No 
 sooner had she reached it than Mr. Lush was 
 there, and had the burnous in his hand. G. 
 Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xi. 
 
 BURR, an onomatopoeous word = to 
 murmur. See another instance from 
 Wordsworth, s. v. DOR-HAWK. 
 
 Burr, burr, now Johnny's lips they bun', 
 As loud as any mill, or near it. 
 
 Wordsworth, The Idiot Boy. 
 
 BURREL, a kind of coarse cloth. See 
 II., s. v. borel, and N. and Q., V. x. 
 409. Fr. bure or bureau ; the termin- 
 ation eau is frequently found as el 
 in old Fr. : cf. agnel, agneau ; Span. 
 Muriel ; Ital. burello. 
 
 His white mantle was shaped with severe 
 regularity, according to the rule of Saint 
 Bernard himself, being composed of what 
 was then called burrel cloth. Scott, Ivanhoe, 
 ii. 213. 
 
 BURST, a stretch ; expanse. 
 Here is a fine burst of country. Miss 
 Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. viii. 
 
 BUSBY, cap worn by hussars, ar- 
 tillery, &c. 
 
 The gleaming helmet or the imposing 
 bufby may surmount the feeblest sort of 
 brain that could with decency have been put 
 
 within a human skull. Black, Adventures of 
 a Phaeton, ch. xxiv. 
 
 BUSH. The bush is the box of the 
 nave of a wheel ; to bush is to put in 
 or renew this. 
 
 Nay, a new pair of wheels are made 
 (The old ones being much deeay'd), 
 For which he makes such lasting tire 
 As all the Black-Smiths do admire : 
 Hushes the naves, clouts th' Axle-trees, 
 And twenty finer things than these. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 233. 
 
 BUSH, to beat about as for game ; 
 unless it be the same as busk (q. v.), 
 to make ready (as in dressing). 
 
 They are forced to bush about for ways 
 and means to pay their rent and charges. 
 North, Life of Ld. Gnilford, ii. 81. 
 
 BUSH. To beat about the bush = to 
 go to work in a rourdabout way ; the 
 metaphor is taken from shooting. 
 Stand not too long in beating of a bush. 
 For feare the bird beguile thee with her 
 
 flight. Breton, Mother's Blessing, st. 12. 
 
 Then have ye the figure Periphrasis ... as 
 when we go about the bush, and will not in 
 one or a few words expresse that thing 
 which we desire to have knowen, but do 
 choose rather to do it by many words. 
 Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, Bk. HI. ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 You must know I went round the bush, and 
 round, the bush, before I came to the matter. 
 Vanbrugh, Confederacy, iii. 2. 
 
 BUSH-DRAINING. In some parts of 
 England, as in the fen-land of Norfolk, 
 when a road is made, large bushes are 
 thrown down some few feet below the 
 level, and then covered with earth and 
 stones, thus making a rough sort of 
 drain. 
 
 These last cold and wet lands have been 
 within these forty years greatly iinprov'd by 
 draining off the rain-water, which stagnated 
 on the clayey surface as in a cup, and chilled 
 the roots of the corn ; an invention called 
 Bush-draining. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 ii. 173. 
 
 BUSHED, wigged. 
 Pan. A hall thrust full of bare heads, 
 
 some bald, some bush'd, 
 Some bravely branch 'd. 
 
 Ron. That's the university, 
 
 Larded with townsmen. 
 
 Allumazar, i. 3. 
 
 BUSHEL, used adjectivally for large. 
 "When judges a campaigning go, 
 
 And on their benches look so big, 
 "What gives them consequence, I trow, 
 
 Is nothing but a bushel wig. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 226.
 
 BUSHING 
 
 ( 93 ) 
 
 BUTTER 
 
 The snowy linen and delicate pantaloon 
 alternates with the soiled check-shirt and 
 bushel breeches. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. 
 Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 BUSHING. Bushes are sometimes 
 planted at irregular distances in places 
 where game is preserved, so that poach- 
 ers cannot draw a net over the ground. 
 
 With what degree of wholesome rigour 
 bis rents were collected, we hear not ; still 
 less by what methods he preserved his game, 
 whether by " bushing " or how. Carlyle, 
 Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 BUSHLESS, bare ; free from bushes. 
 Meanwhile the new companions past away 
 Far o'er the long backs of the bushless downs. 
 Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
 
 BUSK. See extract. 
 This fly, and two links, among wood, or 
 close by a bush, moved in the crust of the 
 water, is deadly in an evening, if you come 
 close [i.e. hidden]. This is called Busking 
 for trout. Lawson, Comments on Secrets of 
 Angling, 1653 (Eng. Garner, i. 194). 
 
 BUSK, to prepare or make ready (as 
 in dressing), and so to beat about. See 
 BUSH. 
 
 The ship was found busking on the seas 
 without a mast or rudder. The Successful 
 Pyrate, i. 1. 
 
 Go busk about, and run thyself into the 
 next great man's lobby. Wycherley, Plain 
 Dealer, iii. 1. 
 
 "When this shew of suicide had in their 
 minds filled the place of a defence, . . . the 
 parties would be less industrious to busk 
 about for any other. North, Examen, p. 203. 
 
 My lord Rochester was frighted, and was 
 inclined to fall off from this, and to busk 
 for some other way to raise the supply. 
 Ibid., Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 198. 
 
 Buss, omnibus : oftener spelt now 
 with a single s, as in extract from 
 Barham s. v. SLIP-SLOPPY. 
 
 Rumours were rife on the hackney-coach 
 stands that a buss was building to run from 
 Lisson-Grove to the Bank % down Oxford 
 Street and Holborn. Sketches by os ( The 
 Last Cabdriver). 
 
 BUSTLE, to dispute. 
 
 Above 200 yeeres since when Edward the 
 Third King of England and Philip Valois 
 bustled for the very kingdome of France. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 261. 
 
 BUSTUARY, incendiary. 
 
 They are the firebrands and bustuaries of 
 kingdoms. Adams, ii. 32. 
 
 The kiudler of this fire is principally Satan. 
 . . . He is the great bustuary himself, and 
 hath other deputed iuflamers under him. 
 llrid. ii. 157. 
 
 BUSY-BODINESS, meddling disposition. 
 
 If I chance to make an excursion into the 
 matters of the Commonwealth, it is not out 
 of curiosity or busylodinesse to be medling 
 in other men's lines. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. 
 ix. 23. 
 
 BUSY-HEAD, a busy-body. 
 
 Many a busie-head by words and deeds 
 Put in their heads how they may compasse 
 crownes. Davies, Microcosmos, p. 57. 
 
 BUT, a conical basket used for catch- 
 ing fish. 
 
 The old gentleman had got hold of a fish, 
 and a big one. The next twenty minutes 
 were terrible. The old gentleman gave him 
 the but. and moved slowly down along the 
 camp-shooting. . . After a time the old gentle- 
 man began to wind up his reel, and then the 
 lad, topboots and landing-net and all, slipped 
 over the camp-shooting (will anybody tell 
 me how to spell that word ? camps-heading 
 won't do, my dear sir, all things considered), 
 and lifted the fish (he was nine pound) up 
 among the burdocks at the old gentleman's 
 feet. H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe,ch. Ixii. 
 
 BUTCH, to butcher or kill. 
 
 Go, pudding-heart ! 
 
 Take thy huge offal and white liver hence, 
 Or in a twinkling of this true-blue steel 
 I shall be butchinq thee from nape to rump. 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. iii. 1. 
 
 BUTCHERESS, female butcher. 
 
 At length the butcheress informed ns . . . 
 that she still had a leg of veal. Havard's 
 Dead Cities of Zuyder Zee, translated by A. 
 AVood, p. 75. 
 
 BUTCHER-WOMAN, female butcher. 
 
 A woman that goes much to market told 
 me t'other day that the butcher-women of 
 London, those that sell fowls, butter, eggs, 
 &c., and in general most trades-people, have 
 a particular esteem for what they call Hand- 
 sel ; that is to say. the first money they 
 receive in a morning, they kiss it, spit upon 
 it, and put it in a pocket by itself. Misson, 
 Travels in England, p. 130. 
 
 BUTLEE, to act as butler. 
 
 Nobody is more a gentleman than my 
 master ; but the calling he is of allows of 
 no catering nor butleriny. Jarvis's Don 
 Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. vii. 
 
 BUTT, a hassock. See s. v. BUTT- 
 WOMAN. 
 
 BUTTER, to flatter. 
 
 I'll butter him, trust me. Nothing com- 
 forts a poor beggar like a bit of praise when 
 he's down. C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 BUTTEB. One who looks as if butter 
 would not melt in his mouth = a de-
 
 BUTTER-WEIGHT ( 94 ) 
 
 BY-JOB 
 
 mure or (sometimes) hypocritical per- 
 son. N. gives the phrase with extract 
 of the date of 1687, but he does not 
 notice the fuller form illustrated in the 
 extracts. 
 
 She looks as if butter would not melt in her 
 mouth, but I icarrant cheese won't choak her. 
 S-ipift, Polite Conversation (Conv. L). 
 
 I am beginning to think ye are but a queer 
 ane ye look as if butter icadna melt in your 
 mouth, but I sail 'icarrant cheese no choke ye. 
 Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 153. 
 
 BUTTER-WEIGHT, over full weight. It 
 
 Avas, perhaps still is, the custom in many 
 
 places to allow eighteen ounces, or even 
 
 more, to the pound in weighing butter. 
 
 They teach you how to split a hair, 
 
 Give and Jove an equal share ; 
 
 Yet why should we be lac'd so strait, 
 
 I'll give my M butter-ireiyht. 
 
 Swift, Rhapsody on Poetry. 
 
 BUTTOCK AND FILE, a shop - lifter 
 (thieves' cant). 
 
 The same capacity which qualifies a mill- 
 ben, a bridle-call, or a buttock and fie to arrive 
 at any degree of eminence in his profession 
 would likewise raise a man in what the world 
 esteem a more honourable calling. Fielding, 
 Jonathan Wild, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 BUTTWOMAN. See quotation. 
 
 A buttwoman is one who cleans the church, 
 and in service time assists the verger or 
 pew-opener in showing persons into seats. . . 
 In the west of England butt is an old word 
 for hassock ; hence the woman who has 
 charge of these butts and other such furniture 
 of the pews is known as the buttwoman. 
 Free and Open Church Advocate, June 1, 1878. 
 
 BUYABLE, capable of being bought ; 
 to be obtained for money. 
 
 The spiritual fire which is in that man, 
 which, shining through such confusions, is 
 nevertheless conviction, and makes him 
 strong, and without which he had not 
 strength, is not buyable nor saleable. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 BUZ-WIG, big- wig, q. v. ; perhaps the 
 idea of pompous stupidity is also con- 
 veyed by the word. Cf. Buzz. 
 
 All was upset by two witnesses, whom the 
 reader . . . will at once know to be false wit- 
 nesses, but whom the old Spanish buz-rrigs 
 doated on as models of all that could be 
 looked for in the best. De Quincey, Spanish 
 .A'an, sect. 21. 
 
 Buzz, to pour out the last drops from 
 u decanter. 
 
 "Get some more port, Bowls, old boy, 
 whilst I buzz this bottle here. What was I a 
 saying?" "I think you were speaking of 
 
 dogs killing rats," Pitt remarked mildly, 
 handing his cousin the decanter to buzz. 
 Thackeray, Vanity Fair, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 Buzz. See extract. The Antijacobin 
 having spoken of " P r's [Parr's] buzz 
 prose," adds in a note 
 
 The learned reader will perceive that this 
 is an elegant metonymy, by which the quality 
 belonging to the outside of the head is trans- 
 ferred to the inside. Buzz is an epithet 
 usually applied to a large wig. It is here 
 used for swelling, burly, bombastic writing. 
 Poetry of Antijacobin, p. 58. 
 
 BUZZARD, a coward : more usually 
 applied to a blockhead. Breton prays 
 to be delivered 
 
 From a conspiracie of wicked knaues, 
 A flight of buzzards, and a denne of theeues. 
 Pasquil's Precession, p. 8 
 
 An old wise man's shadow is better than a 
 young buzzard's sword. G. Herbert, Jacula 
 Prudentum. 
 
 BUZZE-MIXT, confused noise. 
 
 The noyse in it is like that of bees, a strange 
 humming or buzze-mixt of walking, tongues, 
 and feet. Earle, Microcosmographie (Paul's 
 Walk). 
 
 BYCHOP, a bastard ; one who chops in 
 on the bye, or in an irregular fashion. 
 Cf . BY-SLIP ; the Diets, have by-bloio. 
 
 First I have sent 
 By-chop away ; the cause gone, the fame 
 
 ceaseth. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, IV. ii. 
 
 BY-FOUNDER, a second founder, or 
 one who has something, but not all, 
 of the credit attaching to the actual 
 founder. 
 
 As for the bounty of Sir Francis Clerk, it 
 exceeded the bounds of Benefaction, and 
 justly entitled him to be a By-founder. 
 Fuller, Hist, of Camb., vii. 27. 
 
 BYGONES, the past. L. notices the 
 substantival use of this word in the 
 phrase, " Let bygones be bygones" but 
 gives no example. 
 
 " Don't let us rake up bygones," said Tom ; 
 "if I ever offended you, forgive me."- 
 Dickens, M. Chuzzlewit, ch. xxxvii. 
 Nor is it 
 
 Wiser to weep a true occasion lost, 
 
 But trim our sails, and let old bygones be. 
 Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
 
 I told Kew that bygones had best be bygones. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. lii. 
 
 BY-JOB, a job out of the ordinary 
 course of business. 
 
 Dorothy kept the cash, and by that means 
 kept Jerry within tolerable bounds, unless 
 when he could secrete a tester for some }<>/- 
 job. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. II. ch. ii.
 
 B Y-NAMED 
 
 ( 95 ) 
 
 CABRIOLET 
 
 BY-NAMED, nicknamed. 
 
 Sir Henry Percy, for his overf orward spirit 
 and youthf ull heat by - named Hot-Spurre, 
 who had the leading of the English. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 803. 
 
 BY-PAPER, a slip of paper. 
 
 His manner was, as any abuse or regula- 
 tion came in his mind ... he set it down 
 upon some by-paper, or book, used for not- 
 ing. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 209. 
 
 BY- PLACE, a secluded place. 
 
 Theirs was but a by-place, and no great 
 thoroughfare. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. 
 II. ch. xii. 
 
 BY-POINT, a side issue. 
 
 The Court of Eome meddled not with the 
 merits of the cause, but fell upon by-points 
 therein of lesser concernment. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., V. ii. 7. 
 
 BY-SLIP, a bastard. Cf. BY-CHOP ; 
 SIDE-SLIP. 
 
 As Pope Paul the third carried himself to 
 his ungracious by-slips (an Incubus could not 
 have begot worse), who made no further in- 
 quisition after their horrid facts but to say, 
 They learnt it not of him. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 37. 
 
 BY- WIT, craft. 
 
 She neuer taught him how to crowch, nor 
 
 creepe, 
 
 Nor scorn, nor scoffe, nor hang the head aside, 
 Nor sigh, nor sob, nor wipe the eye, and 
 
 weepe, 
 Nor hatefull thoughts in louing lookes to 
 
 hide : 
 
 No, no, she is of a more heuenly nature, 
 Then with such by-wit to abuse a creature. 
 Breton, Soul's Immortal Crowne, 1st day. 
 
 c 
 
 CAB, a cavalier. 
 
 Shall not his bloud be doubly avenged up- 
 on the heads of such barbarious, worse than 
 bruiting villaines ? But the misery is there 
 is no bloud amongst the Cabs worthy to be 
 named in the same day ... as the gallant 
 Rainsborough's bloud. Mercurius Militaris, 
 Nov. 8, 1648. 
 
 CABBY, a trowel, or small spade. 
 
 Little mattocks, pick-axes, grubbing hooks, 
 cabbies (bcches), pruning knives, and other 
 instruments requisite for herborising. 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxiii. 
 
 CABINET, secret or confidential. In 
 this sense cabinet council was in use 
 long before what we now understand 
 by that word. Milton, Eikonoklastes, ch. 
 iv., speaks of a cabinet letter of Charles 
 I., i. e. a private letter. 
 
 Those are cabinet councils, 
 And not to be communicated. 
 
 Massinyer, Duke of Milan, ii. 1. 
 You are still my cabinet counsellors, my bosom 
 Lies open to you. Ibid., Guardian, ii. 3. 
 
 These persons [in 1640] made up the com- 
 mittee of state, which was reproachfully after 
 called the junto, and enviously then in the 
 Court, the Cabinet Council. Clarendon, Hist, 
 of Rebellion, i. 211 (ed. 1849). 
 
 He was one of the Cabinet Council, and privy 
 to the Prince's going into Spain. Heylin, 
 Life of Laud, p. 105. 
 
 Others (being only of Truth's Councell) 
 had not received such private instructions as 
 themselves, being Cabinet Historians. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., I. v. 28. 
 
 Others still gape t' anticipate 
 The Cabinet Designs of Fate. 
 
 Hudibras, II. iii. 24. 
 
 CABLEGRAM, a message by the electric 
 cable : the word, it may be hoped, is 
 not likely to be generally adopted. 
 
 Mr. George Francis Train writes to us 
 from the Langham Hotel under date "Wed- 
 nesday : " This libel appears in your journal 
 as a cablegram : ' New York, 20th. George 
 Francis Train has been sent to a lunatic 
 asylum. ' Will you please make the amende 
 honorable. GEOHGE FKANCIS TRAIN, the 
 coming Dictator." In answer to this appeal, 
 we can only say we have pleasure in admit- 
 ting that the fact of Mr. Train being now in 
 London is complete evidence that he is not 
 in an American lunatic asylum. The Times, 
 1873. 
 
 CABLE - HANGER. See extract. Ro- 
 chester is the place spoken of. 
 
 Persons who dredge or fish for oysters, not 
 being free of the fishery, are called Cable- 
 hanc/ers, and are presented and punished by 
 the Court. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, i. 
 150. 
 
 CABOOSE, the cooking cabin of a boat. 
 
 Fog creeping into the cabooses of collier- 
 brigs ; fog lying out on the yards, and hover- 
 ing in the rigging of great ships. Dickens, 
 Bleak House, ch. i. 
 
 CABRIOLET, a sort of cap. 
 
 All we hear from France is that a new 
 madness reigns there, as strong as that of 
 Pantins was. This is la fureur des cabriolets
 
 CACAM 
 
 CADGER 
 
 A nylice, one-horse chairs, a mode introduced 
 by Mr. Child. They not only universally go 
 in them, but wear them ; that is, everything 
 is to be en cabriolet. The men paint them on 
 their waistcoats, and have them embroidered 
 for clocks to their stockings ; and the women, 
 who have gone all the winter without auy- 
 thing on their heads, are now muffled up in 
 great caps with round sides, in the form of, 
 and scarce less than, the wheels of chaises. 
 Walpole to Mann, iii. 100 (1755). 
 
 I nave bespoken two cabriolets for her in- 
 stead of six, because I think them very dear, 
 and that she may have four more if she likes 
 them. Ibid., Letters, iii. 376 (1771). 
 
 CACAM, a wise man (Heb. D?n), syno- 
 nymous with Rabbin, and still current 
 among the Jews as an official design- 
 ation. 
 
 They have it [the Law] stucke in the jambs 
 of their doores, and couered with glasse ; 
 written by their cacams, and signed with the 
 names of God. Sandys, Travels, p. 146. 
 
 The Talmud is stuffed with the traditions 
 of their Rabbins and Cacams. Howell, Let- 
 ters, ii. 8. 
 
 CACODEMONISE, to turn into an evil 
 demon. 
 
 Take the most beautiful angel that ever 
 painter designed, or engraver copied, put him 
 on a beard, and the celestial character will be 
 so entirely destroyed that the simple append- 
 age of a tail will cacodemonise the Eudemon. 
 Southey, The Doctor, Fragment on Beards. 
 
 CACOGASTRIC, having a deranged 
 stomach. 
 
 Diderot writes to his fair one that his 
 clothes will hardly button, that he is thus 
 stuffed, and thus ; and so indigestion succeeds 
 indigestion. Such narratives fill the heart of 
 sensibility with amazement ; nor to the woes 
 that chequer this imperfect cacogastric state 
 of existence is the tear wanting. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iii. 221. 
 
 CACO-ZELOT, a wicked zealot. 
 
 Some spitefull Caco-zelots . . . have not so 
 much modesty as to conceale their malice. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 62. 
 
 CACOZELOTRY, evil zeal. 
 
 Those holy Bishops . . have been cast upon 
 Dunghills, as Lazarus and Job, by the caco- 
 zelotry of some men in our times. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 623. 
 
 CAD, a low person ; a menial ; espe- 
 cially an omnibus conductor. Some 
 make it an abbreviation of cadger, others 
 of cadet, others refer it to the Scotch 
 cadie. The weakest of a brood or a 
 litter or a flock is called a cad provin- 
 cially. Cf. CADE-LAMB. 
 
 The spirited proprietor, knowing Mr. 
 Barker's qualifications, appointed him to the 
 vacant office of cad on the^very first applica- 
 tion. The buss began to run. Sketches by 
 Bo: ( The First Omnibus Cad). 
 
 Not to forget that saucy lad 
 
 (Ostentation's favourite cad), 
 
 The page, who looked so splendidly clad, 
 Like a page of the " Wealth of Nations." 
 Hood, Miss JKilmansegy. 
 
 Thirty years ago, and even later, the young 
 men of the labouring classes were " the cads," 
 " the snobs," " the blackguards," looked on 
 with a dislike, contempt, and fear which they 
 were not backward to return. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, Preface (1862). 
 
 CADATOB, a beggar who assumes the 
 character of a decayed gentleman. 
 
 You . . sot away your time in Mongo's 
 fumitory among a parcel of old smoak-dry'd 
 cadators. T. Brown, Works, ii. 179. 
 
 CADDLE, fuss. 
 
 Ther wur no sich a caddie about sick folk 
 when I wur a bwoy. Hughes, Tom Brown at 
 Oxford, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 CADDOWE, a coverlet. 
 
 They have . . . many goodly flockes of 
 sheepe, which they sheare twice a yeere, and 
 make of their course wool], rugges or shagge 
 mantles, caddowes also or coverlets, which are 
 vented into forraiue countries. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 63. 
 
 CADE, to barrel or put in a cask : the 
 word is given in the Diets, as a sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 The rebel, Jack Cade, was the first that 
 devised to put redde-herrings in cades, and 
 from hym they have their name. Nowe as 
 wee call it the swinging of herrings when hee 
 [we ?] cade them, so in a halter was hee 
 swung, and trussed uppe as hard and round 
 as any cade of herring he trussed uppe in his 
 tyme ; and perhaps of his being so swung 
 and trussed up, havyug first founde out the 
 trick to cade herring, they woulde so much 
 honour him in his death as not onely to call 
 it swinging but cading of herring also. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 179). 
 
 CADE-LAMB, a house lamb, and so a 
 pet child. See CAD. 
 
 Eh, she'd fine work wi' ye, I'll warrant, 
 bringin' ye up from a babby, an' her a lone 
 woman ; it's ill bringin' up a cade lamb. G. 
 Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. x. 
 
 CADGE, to beg. 
 
 I've got my living by casting fortins, and 
 begging, and cadging, and such like. //. 
 Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xv. 
 
 CADGER, the bearer or carrier of 
 hawks. Bailey, and after him H., g've
 
 CADUCAL 
 
 ( 97 ) 
 
 CALENDS 
 
 " Cadye, a circular piece of wood on 
 which hawks are carried when exposed 
 to sale." 
 
 The expected pleasure of the first day's 
 hawking was now bright in his imagination ; 
 the day was named, the weather promised 
 well, and the German cadyers and trainers 
 who had been engaged . . . came down. 
 Miss Edgeworth, Helen, ch. xvii. 
 
 CADUCAL, liable to fall. 
 
 Nought therefore but vain sensibles we see 
 caducall. H. More, Immortality of the Soul, 
 I. iii. 24. 
 
 CADUCE, a rod or caduceiis. 
 
 Heralds in blew velvet sem6e with flours 
 de lys, caduces in their hands aud velvet caps 
 on their heads. Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 7, 1651. 
 
 (LESAR, to make like Csesar ; to raise 
 to supreme power. 
 
 Crowned, he villifies his own kingdom for 
 narrow bounds, whiles he hath greater 
 neighbours ; he must be Casared to a uni- 
 versal monarch. Adams, i. 491. 
 
 ZE, to rule. 
 This pow'r hath highest vertue of Desire, 
 And Ctesarizeth ore each appetite. 
 
 Dames, Microcosmos, p. 25. 
 
 CAGE-WORK, a defence to conceal or 
 protect men in time of action. See 
 quotation, s. v. COBRIDGE-HEAD. 
 
 CAGELING, small cage-bird. 
 At last she let herself be conquered by him, 
 And as the cageling newly-flown returns, 
 The seeming-injured simple-hearted thing 
 Came to her old perch back and settled there. 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 Am I as a child perhaps, chasing a flown 
 cageling, who among the branches free plays 
 and peeps at the offered cage (as a home not 
 to be urged on him), and means to take his 
 time of coming, if he come at all ? Black- 
 more, Lorna Doone, ch. xx. 
 
 CAIRNED, crowned with a cairn. 
 "When the lake whiten'd, and the pinewood 
 
 roar'd, 
 
 And the cairn'd mountain was a shadow. 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 CAITIFF, stingy. 
 
 To be reserved and caitiff in this part of 
 goodness is the sordidest piece of covetous- 
 ness, and more contemptible than the pe- 
 cuniary avarice. Brown, Rel. Med., Pt. ii. 
 sect. 3. 
 
 CAJOLE. The foreign form of this 
 word in the extract seems to intimate 
 that in 1660 it was not naturalized, and 
 the earliest instance of the verb in the 
 Diets, is from Hudibras (1674). L., 
 
 however, has cajolery, with a quotation 
 from Montagu' s Devout Essays (1654). 
 I can neither cogg,cageule, nor complement. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 76. 
 
 CALAIS MARKET. 
 
 He that bids most (like Calais market), 
 whatsoever be the cause, shall be sure of the 
 sentence. W. Patten, Exped. to Scotl., 1548 
 (Eng. Garner, iii. 70). 
 
 CALANDER, a kind of lark. H. gives 
 the word with one or two references, 
 but no extract. 
 
 He was a Triton of his time, and a sweete- 
 siuging calander to the state. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 176). 
 
 CALCINIZE, to calcine ; reduce to 
 ashes. 
 God's dread wrath, which quick doth cal- 
 
 cinize 
 
 The marble mountains, and the ocean dries. 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 1200. 
 
 CALCITRATE, to kick. 
 
 The filly was soon scared out of her seven 
 senses, and began to . . calcitrate it, to wince 
 it, to frisk it. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 CALCULATE, calculation. 
 
 Nor were these brothers mistaken in their 
 calculates, for the event made good all their 
 prognostics. North, Examen, p. 602. 
 
 They, as was noted, had calculates of elec- 
 tions, and knew by their rule of progression 
 how much the next sessions of Parliament 
 must be more averse to the Court than the 
 last w&s.Ibid. p. 609. 
 
 CALEFACTORY, perhaps the silver ball 
 filled with hot water, placed on the altar 
 in winter for the priest to warm his 
 hands on, lest from their being numbed 
 any accident should happen : it was 
 also called the pome. 
 
 A calefactory silver and gilt, with leaves 
 graven, weighing nine ounces and half. 
 Inventory of Lincoln Cath., 1536. 
 
 CALENDS. The Greeks did not reckon 
 by calends ; Greek Calends therefore 
 = never. Suetonius mentions that it 
 was a favourite expression with the 
 Emperor Augustus, to denote, as in the 
 second quotation, the period when some 
 people might be expected to pay their 
 debts (Octavivs, cap. 87). 
 
 The judgment or decree shall be given 
 out and pronounced at the next Greek Ca- 
 lends, that is, never. Urquhart's Ralelais, 
 Bk. I. ch. xx. 
 
 " But," quoth Pantagruel, " when will you 
 be out of debt ? " " At the next ensniug 
 term of the Greek Kalends," answered Pan-
 
 CALF ( c 
 
 urge, " when all the world shall be content." 
 Ibid. Bk. III. ch. iii. 
 
 CALF. To eat the calf in tJie cow's 
 belly = to count one's chickens before 
 they are hatched. 
 
 I ever made shift to avoid anticipations : 
 I never would eat the calf in the coir's belly, 
 as Lord M.'s phrase is. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, iii. 135. 
 
 Til have no more such doings, let me tell ye ; 
 No, no, no eating calves in the cow's belly. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 258. 
 
 CALF-BED, a word formed jocosely on 
 the model of child-bed. 
 
 Tom has lost a cow in calf-bed. Southey, 
 Letters, iii. 305 (1822). 
 
 CALF-LOLLY, a term of reproach. 
 
 Jobbinol goosecaps, foolish loggerheads, 
 flutch calf-lollies. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 I. ch. xxv. 
 
 CALF-LOVE, a youthful fancy, as dis- 
 tinguished from a serious attachment. 
 
 It's a girl's fancy, just a kind o' calf-love; 
 let it go by. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. xx. 
 
 CALICO, thin. Cf. TIFFANY, 
 
 In such a place as that your callico body 
 (tenui corpusculo) had need have a good fire 
 to keep it warm. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 37. 
 
 CALIGINOSITY, darkness. Sir T. 
 Browne has caligation. 
 
 I dare not ask the oracles ; I prefer a 
 cheerful caliyinosity, as Sir Thomas Browne 
 might say. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. 
 xxx vii. 
 
 CALIGEAPHER, a good writer. 
 
 I would have taught him in three weeks a 
 firm, current, clear, and legible hand ; he 
 should have been a caliyrapher. Scott, Guy 
 Mannering, i. 260. 
 
 An affection sprung up between the old 
 painter and the young caliyrapher. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. i. 
 
 CALIGULISMS, extravagances like those 
 of Caligula. Walpole says of Fred- 
 erick Prince of Wales 
 
 Alas! it would be endless to tell you all 
 his Caliyulisms. Letters to Mann, ii. 103 
 (1745). 
 
 CALINO. Bailey gives call as an old 
 word for bravery : it is just possible 
 that calino may be connected with 
 this, and = a gallant. 
 
 Amongst our English harmonious calinos, 
 one is up with the excellence of the brown 
 bill and the long bowe ; another playes his 
 prizes in print in driving it home with all 
 weapons in right of the noble science of de- 
 fence ; a third writer passing enamorately of 
 
 * ) - CAMELIONIZE 
 
 the nature of white-meates. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 158). 
 
 Hor. O, oh! 
 
 Tul. Nay, your o, oh's! nor your callin-oes 
 cannot serve your turn. Dekker, Satiromas- 
 tix (Hawkins, Eny. Dr., iii. 191). 
 
 CALOR (Lat), heat. 
 
 The one dries up the Humour Radicall, 
 
 The other drowns the Color Naturall. 
 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 517. 
 
 CALOTYPIST, a photographer: the 
 calotype is a particular photographic 
 process. See L. 
 
 Having and holding, till 
 I imprint her fast 
 On the void at last, 
 As the sun does whom he will 
 By the calotypisfs skill. 
 
 Browning, Mesmerism. 
 
 CALUMNIZE, to calumniate. 
 And tho' he strips us to our skins, 
 We'd have it thought 'tis for our sins, 
 And make Heav'n guilty of the thing, 
 Kather than calumnize the king. 
 
 D'Urfey, Athenian Jilt. 
 
 CALUMNY, to calumniate. 
 
 Whereas before he was an enemy, and 
 almost a persecutor of Christ, he was now 
 an earnest seeker after him, changing his 
 old manner of calumnying into a diligent 
 kind of conferring both with Master Bilney 
 and others. Foxe, Acts and Monuments, p. 
 1298, ed. 1563. 
 
 CALVAR, a large ship. 
 Calvars and magars, hulks of burden great, 
 Which Brandimart rebated from his coast, 
 And sent them home, ballass'd with little 
 
 wealth. Greene, Orl. Fur., i. 1. 
 
 CALVINISTICATE, to imbue with Cal- 
 vinism. 
 
 Cotton Mather is such an author as Fuller 
 would have been, if the old English worthy, 
 instead of having been from a child trained 
 up in the way he should go, had been Calvin- 
 isticated till the milk of human kindness with 
 which his heart was always ready to overflow 
 had turned sour. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 xlvi. 
 
 CAMBIO (Ital.), bill of exchange. 
 
 I commend them for their plain downright 
 dealing, and punctuality in payment of cam- 
 bios, contracts, and the souldiers' salary. 
 Hoicell, Dodona's Grove, p. 20. 
 
 CAMELIONIZE, to change colour, like 
 the chameleon. 
 
 In your kingshipe I must leave you, and 
 repeate how from white to redde you catne- 
 lionized. Nashe, Lenten Stvffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 171).
 
 CAMEL-KNEED ( 99 ) 
 
 CANDLE 
 
 CAMEL-KNEED, having knees hardened 
 like those of a camel. Southey remarks 
 in a note, that when he used this epithet 
 he was not aware that the likeness had 
 been seriously applied to St. James, of 
 whom Hegesippus says, " His knees 
 were after the guise of a camel's knee, 
 benumbed and bereft of the sense of 
 feeling by reason of his continual kneel- 
 ing in supplication to God, and petition 
 for the people." 
 
 I have led 
 Some camel-kneed prayer-monger through 
 
 the cave. Southey, Thalaba, Bk. v. 
 
 CAMELLER, camel-driver. 
 
 Our Companions had their cradles strucke 
 downe through the negligence of the Camel- 
 lers. Sandys, Travels, p. 137. 
 
 CAMENES, Muses ; the Ccimcence. 
 Deuyne Camenes, that with your sacred food 
 Haue fed and f osterde vp from tender yeares 
 A happye man that in your fauour stoode. 
 
 Gooye, Sonette of Edwardes of the Chappell. 
 
 CAMISOLE (Fr.), a loose jacket. 
 Spenser and others have camis. 
 
 Mrs. O'Dowd, the good housewife, arrayed 
 in curl-papers and a camisole, felt that her 
 duty was to act, and not to sleep, at this 
 juncture. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, ch. xxx. 
 
 CAMPAIGNED, employed in campaigns. 
 
 " Here," said I, to an old soldier with one 
 hand, who had been campaiyn'd, and worn 
 out to death in the service, " here's a couple 
 of sous for thee." Sterne, Sent. Journey, 
 Montriul. 
 
 CAMPANALIAN, pertaining to a bell. 
 Panurge's fancy sometimes hears the 
 bells bidding him marry, and some- 
 times dissuading him. 
 
 This campanalian oracle fretteth me to 
 the guts. Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. 
 xxviii. 
 
 CAMPE-SQUIRE, groom. 
 
 ... a base campe-squire that sometimes 
 
 knowne to be, 
 Had now usurped five yeares past, and ruled 
 
 with tyrannic. Holland's Camden, p. 83. 
 
 CANAGLIA (Ital.), dregs of the people : 
 the French form canaille has become 
 naturalized among us. See quotation, 
 s. v. RATTLE-HEADED. 
 
 And what is the subject matter? Low 
 plebeian invention, proper only for a canaa- 
 lia of poltroons over ale to babble one to 
 another. North, Examen, p. 306. 
 
 CANASTER, a kind of tobacco ; pro- 
 perly, the rush basket in which it was 
 packed. 
 
 But a plain leg of mutton, my Lucy, 
 
 I pr'ythee get ready at three ; 
 Have it smoking, and tender, and juicy, 
 And what better meat can there be 'f 
 And when it has feasted the master, 
 'Twill amply suffice for the maid ; 
 Meanwhile I will smoke my canaster, 
 And tipple my ale in the shade. 
 
 Thackeray, Imitation of Horace 
 
 (Misc. i. 76). 
 
 CANCER, to crawl like a crab. 
 Other things advance per saltum they do 
 not silently cancer their_way onwards. De 
 Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 CANCERED, eaten as by cancer. 
 
 The strulbrug of Swift . . . was a wreck, 
 a shell, that had been burned hollow and 
 cancered by the fierce furnace of life. De 
 Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 95. 
 
 CANCRO, an -Italian imprecation ; the 
 cancer take you. 
 
 Not a word but ah and oh, and now and 
 then rise off his bed in a rage, knitting his 
 brows with cancro, and then he spake Italian. 
 Breton, Phisition's Letter, p. 63. 
 
 Agn. I haue a bodie here which once I 
 
 lou'd 
 And honour'd above all ; but that time's 
 
 past . . . 
 That shall supply at so extreme a need the 
 
 vacant gibbet. 
 
 Lys. Cancro ! what, thy husband's bodie ? 
 Chapman, Widdowes Teares, Act V. 
 
 CANDID, usually = fair, unprejudiced ; 
 in extract, however, it means favourable. 
 
 King Charles and Queen Mary came to 
 Cambridge, were entertained at Trinity Col- 
 lege with comedies, and expressed candid 
 acceptance thereof. Fuller, Hist, of Camb., 
 viii. 22. 
 
 CANDIDATE, white. 
 
 See'st thou that cloud that rides in state, 
 
 Part ruby-like, part candidate ? 
 
 It is no other than the bed 
 
 Where Venus sleeps, half smothered. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 288. 
 
 CANDLE. To light a candle to the 
 devil is to be a subservient assistant in 
 some evil. The expression refers to a 
 belief that witches used to burn candles 
 in token of adoration before an image 
 of the devil. See N. and Q., II. ix. 29. 
 Though not for hope of good, 
 
 Yet for the feare of euill, 
 Thou maist find ease so proffering up 
 A candell to the deucll. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 148. 
 Some will offer to kisse the hands which 
 they wish were cut off, and would be con- 
 tent to light a candle to the devil, so they 
 may compasse their owne ends. Howell, 
 Forraine Travell, sect. 8. 
 
 H 2
 
 CANDLE 
 
 ( 100 ) CANDLESTICK 
 
 Here have I been holding a candle to the 
 devil, to show him the way to mischief. 
 Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, ii. 213. 
 
 CANDLE. Not to be able to hold a 
 candle to another = to be far inferior. 
 
 I used to say no one could hold a candle to 
 our Grace, but she she looked like a born 
 queen all the time. C. Kinysley, Two Years 
 Ayo, ch. xv. 
 
 A Frenchman is conceited enough, but, by 
 George, he can't hold a candle to a Scotch- 
 man. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. 
 xxx ii. 
 
 CANDLE. To burn the candle at both 
 ends = to expend strength or life or 
 money, &c., recklessly. 
 Pay the debts that you owe, keep your 
 
 word to your friends. 
 But don't set your candles alight at both ends. 
 
 Ingoldsly Legends. (St. Cuthbert). 
 To double all your griefs, and burn life's 
 
 candle, 
 As village gossips say, at either end. 
 
 Kingsley, Saint's Tragedy, iii. 1. 
 
 CANDLE. The proverb in the extract 
 explains itself. Compare the expres- 
 sion, "The game is not worth the 
 candle." Gosson confesses that in 
 times past he had written comedies, 
 but adds 
 
 I gaue myself to that exercise in hope to 
 thriue, but I burnt one candle to seek another, 
 and lost both my time and my trauell, when 
 I had doone. School of Abuse, p. 41. 
 
 CANDLE. Not worth the candle = not 
 worth the cost or trouble : the proverb 
 is a French one. 
 
 Let him not trot about to view rare col- 
 lections of coclde-shells, or skeletons, or 
 tadpoles and spiders ; for, after all, these 
 discoveries are not worth the candle. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 556. 
 
 CANDLE-FLY, Bailey's translation of 
 pyralis, a winged insect supposed to 
 live in fire. Bailey, no doubt, was 
 thinking of the moth attracted by the 
 candle. 
 
 "Why should an owl be an enemy to small 
 birds, a weasel to a crow, a turtle-dove to a 
 candle-fly ? Jjailey's Erasmus Colloq., p. 392. 
 
 CANDLE - BENTS, perhaps originally 
 some tenure under which certain altars 
 or shrines were to be supplied with 
 candles (?). 
 
 The Dean and Chapter of Paul's in giving 
 up their accounts to the King's Commis- 
 sioners pretended themselves yearly losers by 
 some of these chanteries. For generally they 
 were founded on candle-rents (houses are 
 London's land), which were subject to caeu- 
 
 altie, reparations, and vacations. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., VI. vi. 16. 
 
 The redeeming and restoring of [Lay im- 
 propriations] was these Feoffees' designe, and 
 it was verily believed (if not obstructed in 
 their endeavours) within fifty yeers rather 
 purchases than money would have been 
 wanting unto them, buying them generally 
 (as candle - rents) at or under twelve yeers' 
 valuation. Ibid. XI. ii. 6. 
 
 CANDLE, SALE BY INCH OF. The bid- 
 dings were made while the inch of 
 candle was burning ; the last bidder at 
 the time of its going out was the pur- 
 chaser. The custom is not altogether 
 obsolete (see N. and Q., IV. xi. 276). 
 
 Pleasant to see how backward men are at 
 first to bid ; and yet when the candle is going 
 out how they bawl, and dispute afterwards 
 who bid the most first. And here I observed 
 one man cunninger than the rest that was 
 sure to bid the last man, and to carry it ; and 
 inquiring the reason, he told me that just 
 as the flame goes out the smoke descends, 
 which is a thing I never observed before, 
 and by that he do know the instant when to 
 bid last. Pepys, Sept. 3, 1662 (see also 
 Nov. 6, 1660). 
 
 On a sudden it turns exchange, or a ware- 
 house for all sorts of commodities, where 
 fools are drawn in by inch of candle, as we 
 betray and catch larks with a glass. Cha- 
 racter of a Coffee-house, 1673 (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 469). 
 
 Sell not favours by inch of candle ; there 
 is no depending on bought friendship. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 211. 
 
 I intend to sell my pains by inch of candle ; 
 I'll not venture one single pulse but upon 
 good security and high interest. Ibid, p. 
 526. 
 
 CANDLES, a term for the pendulous 
 produce " madidi nasi." 
 
 The inveterate culprit was a boy of seven, 
 vainly contending against candles at his nose 
 by feeble sniffing. G. Eliot, Amos Barton, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 CANDLESTICK. Breton seems to mean 
 that some will say he is sworn to the, 
 candlestick because he praises women, 
 though I do not understand the connec- 
 tion. A page was said to be " sworn to 
 the pantofle" (see N.) because he had 
 to carry his master's slippers. Can 
 " sworn to the candlestick " mean ad- 
 dicted to flattery, shedding brightness 
 and light on objects ? 
 
 Some will say that I am strorne to the candle- 
 stick ; such I wish their noses in the socket. 
 And this I say further, my faith was not yet 
 so much had in question to bee called to the 
 candlesticke ; but if he that say so have been
 
 CAND Y 
 
 CANTALOON 
 
 brought to the like booke oath, I wish hee had 
 eaten the strings for his labour. Breton, 
 Praise of Vertuous Ladies, p. 57. 
 
 CANDY, to whiten : generally used of 
 ice, or snow, or sugar. 
 
 The end of all is to shew that his party 
 were not so much to blame in seeking to 
 cover and protect such an egregious offender 
 as Fitzharris was', and thereby to candy them 
 up to posterity. North, Examen, p. 305. 
 
 CANE, a telescope. 
 
 Them not transpiercing, lest our eyes should 
 
 be 
 As theirs that Heav'n through hollow Canes 
 
 doe see, 
 
 Yet see small circuit of the Welkin bright, 
 The Cane's strict compass doth so clasp their 
 
 Sight. 
 
 Sylvester, sixth day, first weeke, 545. 
 
 CANEL COAL. See extracts. L. has it 
 with quotations from Encyclopaedias. 
 
 He staid some days with Sir Roger Brad- 
 shaw, whose lordship is famous for yielding 
 the Canel (or Candle) coal. It is so termed, as 
 I guess, because the manufacturers in that 
 country use no candle, but work by the light 
 of their coal fires. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 278. 
 
 Between Wigan and Bolton is found great 
 Plenty of what they call Canel or Candle Coal, 
 the like of which is not to be seen in Britain, 
 or perhaps in the "World. By putting a 
 lighted Candle to them they are presently in 
 a Flame, and yet hold Fire as long as any Coals 
 whatever, and burn more or less as they are 
 placed in the Grate, flat or edgewise. They 
 are smooth and sleek where the pieces part 
 from one another, and will polish like Ala- 
 baster. A Lady may take them up in a 
 Cambrick Handkerchief, and they will not 
 soil it, tho' they are as black as the deepest 
 Jet. They make many curious Toys of them. 
 Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Brit., iii. 248. 
 
 CANGEANT. N. gives this word with 
 the extract, and explains it " chang- 
 ing " (?) ; but there is no question about 
 it, as Sylvester himself explains it in 
 the margin " changeable." He may 
 have meant it as a French word, chan- 
 geant. 
 
 The vpper garment of the stately Queen 
 Is rich gold tissu, on a ground of green ; 
 "Where th' artfull shuttle rarely did encheck 
 The canyeant colour of a mallard's neck. 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 107. 
 
 CANK, to cackle. 
 
 The canking of some Spanish geese .... 
 threw poor Jerry into the utmost conster- 
 nation. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. IV. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 CANKER-EAT, to eat as a canker. 
 
 Those corruptions which Tyme has brought 
 forth to fret and canker-eate the same. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eny., p. 222. 
 
 CANNELL, kennel. 
 
 It was pretty to see how hard the woman 
 did work in the cannells, sweeping of water, 
 but then they would scold for drink, and be 
 as drunk as devils. Pepys, Sept. 6, 1666. 
 
 CANNIBALIC, pertaining to eaters of 
 human flesh. 
 
 Tom's evil genius did not lead him into the 
 dens of any of those preparers of cannibalic 
 pastry, who are represented in many standard 
 country legends as doing a lively retail busi- 
 ness in the metropolis ; nor did it mark him 
 out as the prey of ring-droppers, pea and 
 thimble riggers, duffers, touters, or any of 
 those bloodless sharpers, who are perhaps a 
 little better known to the police. Dickens, 
 M. Chuzzlewit, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 CANNING, power. 
 
 Why would I not but because I could not ? 
 I mean because my canning is taken away by 
 sin. Bradford, ii. 28. 
 
 CANT, to toss up or upset. 
 
 The inn-keeper, who was here this very 
 day, held a corner of the blanket, and canted 
 me toward heaven with notable alacrity. 
 Jarvis's Don Quixote, ii. 140. 
 
 The best swimmer canted out of a boat 
 capsized must sink ere he can swim. Eeade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxvii. 
 
 A mischievous black imp canted her over, 
 and souse she went into the river. H. 
 Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xx. 
 
 CANT, a turn over. 
 
 The waiter . . . returned with a quartern 
 of brandy, which Crowe, snatching eagerly, 
 started into his bread-room at one cant. 
 Smollett, L. Greaves, ch. xvii. 
 
 CANTAB, a Cambridge man. 
 As for the young Cantabs, they, as was 
 said, had wandered a little over the south 
 border of romantic Spain. Carlyle, Life of 
 -Sterling, Pt. I. ch. xiii. 
 
 CANTABANK. a common ballad singer : 
 used disparagingly. Cf. MOUNTEBANK, 
 SALTIMBANK. 
 
 He was no tavern cantabank that made it, 
 But a Squire minstrel of your Highness' 
 court. Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. I. iii. 2. 
 
 CANTABRIZE, to imitate Cambridge. 
 
 Know also that this university [Dublin] 
 did so Cantabrize, that she imitated her in 
 the successive choice of her Chancellours. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. vii. 47. 
 
 CANTALOON, some species of stuff. 
 
 Western Goods had their share here also ; 
 and several booths were filled with Serges, 
 Duroys, Druggets, Shalloons, Cantalooiis,
 
 CANTANKEROUS (102) CAPE-MERCHANT 
 
 Devonshire Kersies, &c. Defoe, Tour thro 1 
 G. Britain, i. 94. 
 
 CANTANKEROUS, ill-natured ; cross- 
 grained. See extract, s. v. JOWDER. 
 
 I hope, Mr. Faulkland, as there are three of 
 us come on purpose for the game, you won't 
 be so cantankerous as to spoil the party by 
 sitting out. Sheridan, The Rivals, v. 3. 
 
 I never knew such a cantankerous fellow 
 as you are ; you are always fancying I am 
 finding fault with Sheila. Black, Princess 
 of Thule, ch. xv. 
 
 CANTERBURY RACK, a gentle pace, like 
 that used by Canterbury pilgrims ; hence 
 canter. See s. v. RACK. 
 
 For his grace at meat, what can I better 
 compare it to than a Canterbury rack, half 
 pace, half gallop. Character of a Fanatic, 
 1675 (Hurl. Misc., vii. 637). 
 
 CANTERBURY TALE, an idle story. See 
 first extract ; also s. v. FULL-MOUTH. 
 
 Canterbury Tales. So Chaucer calleth his 
 Book, being a collection of several Tales pre- 
 tended to be told by Pilgrims in their passage 
 to the Shrine of Saint Thomas in Canter- 
 bury. But since that time Canterbury Tales 
 are parallel to Fabulce Milesiee, which are 
 characterized, nee vera, nee verisimiles. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Canterbui-y (i. 527). 
 
 What, to come here with a Canterbury tale 
 of a leg and an eye, and Heaven knows what, 
 merely to try the extent of his power over 
 you ! Colman, The Dsuce is in him, ii. 1. 
 
 CANTICK, a canticle. 
 
 [He] gave thanks unto God in some fine 
 canticks made in praise of the Divine bounty. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxiii. 
 
 CANTING HERALDRY. See quotation. 
 
 Sir Hew Halbert .. . was so unthinking as 
 to deride my family name, as if it had been 
 quasi, Bear-warden ; a most uncivil jest, since 
 it ... seemed to infer that our coat-armour 
 had not been achieved by honourable actions 
 in war, but bestowed by way of paronomasia, 
 or pun, upon our family appellation, a sort 
 of bearing which the French call armoires 
 parlantes, the Latins, arma cantantia, and 
 your English authorities canting heraldry, 
 being indeed a species of emblazoning more 
 befitting canters, gaberlunzies, and such like 
 mendicants, whose gibberish is formed upon 
 playing upon the word, than the noble, hon- 
 ourable, and useful science of heraldry. 
 Scott, Waverley, i. 141. 
 
 CANTONERS, Swiss, as living in can- 
 tons. 
 
 Those poor cantoners could not enjoy their 
 own in quiet. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 
 67. 
 
 CANTY, cheerful. 
 
 Then at her door the canty dame 
 Would sit as any linnet gay. 
 
 Wordsworth, Goody Blake. 
 
 CANVASSAD, a fencing term (see H.); 
 but in the extract it clearly stands for 
 camisado (q. v. in N.), a sudden assault. 
 To marke the ordering of a court de garde, 
 To note the rules in walking of the rounde, 
 The scintenils, and euery watch and warde, 
 And of the mines, and working vnder grouude: 
 To marke the planting of their ambuscados, 
 And in the night their sodaine canuassados. 
 Breton, Pilgrimage to Paradise, p. 19. 
 
 CAP. A woman is said to set her cap 
 at a man when she shows an inclina- 
 tion to marry him before she has been 
 asked ; the allusion perhaps is to her de- 
 sire to look her best when the favoured 
 one is present. 
 
 I know several young ladies who would be 
 very happy in such an opportunity of setting 
 their caps at him. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, 
 Bk. III. ch. xi. 
 
 When Lord Buckram went abroad to finish 
 his education, you all know what dangers he 
 ran, and what numbers of caps were set at 
 him. Thackeray, Book of Snobs, ch. v. 
 
 CAP, to pay respect to, or to be ob- 
 sequious. The word is common in this 
 sense, but the following is curious, 
 from being applied to the knee : 
 But if a smoothing tongue, a fleering face, 
 A capping knee, with double diligence 
 By close colloging creepe into thy grace. 
 
 Breton, Mother's Blessing, st. 62. 
 
 CAP. To fall under the cap = to 
 come into the head. 
 
 It fell not under every one's cap to give so 
 good advice. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 84. 
 
 If the reasons of his decree were special, 
 and such as came not under every cap, he 
 cared not to leave the expression of them 
 to the precipitate dispatch of a blundering 
 registrar. Ibid. ii. 32. 
 
 CAP THE GLOBE, to beat everything, 
 i. e. to be extremely surprising. 
 
 " Well," I exclaimed, using an expression 
 of the district, " that caps the globe, however." 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxxii. 
 
 CAPE-MERCHANT, wholesale dealer; 
 one who had vessels of his own which 
 went round the Cape in the way of 
 trade. 
 
 [I] in this history have fetch'd my wares 
 from the storehouse of that reverend pre- 
 late [Usher], the Cape-merchant of all learn- 
 ing, and here in little remnants deliver them 
 out to petty country chapmen. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., II. vi. 43.
 
 CAPERNAITICAL ( 103 ) 
 
 CAPTE 
 
 CAPERNAITICAL, belonging to Caper- 
 naum. Bp. Hall, I suppose, is referring 
 to St. John vi. 52, 59, 60. It is ob- 
 servable that, if the reprint be correct, 
 he does not begin the word with a 
 capital letter. 
 
 "What an infatuation is upon the Eomish 
 party, that, rather than they will admit of 
 any other than a gross, literal, capernaitical 
 seuse in the words of our Saviour's sacra- 
 mental supper, This is my body, will con- 
 found heaven and earth together. Bp. Hall, 
 Works, v. 521. 
 
 CAPEB-WITTED, flighty. 
 
 Surely then, whatsoever any caper-tritted 
 man may ohserve, neither was the king's 
 chastity stained, nor his wisdom lull'd 
 asleep. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 227. 
 
 CAPILOTADE, a hash. This French 
 word has not been naturalized among 
 us, yet Vanbrugh puts it into the mouth 
 of a valet in the first extract, and of a 
 waiting-woman in the second, as though 
 it were then common. 
 
 Ah, the traitor! what a capilotade of 
 damnation will there be cooked up for him. 
 The False Friend, iii. 2. 
 
 "What a capilotade of a story's here ! The 
 necklace lost, and her son Dick, and a for- 
 tune to marry, and she shall dance at the 
 wedding ! The Confederacy, iii. 2. 
 
 CAPITALISM, possession of capital. 
 
 The Prince de Montcoutour took his place 
 with great gravity at the Paris board, 
 whither Barnes made frequent flying visits. 
 The sense of capitalism sobered and dignified 
 Paul de Florae. Thackeray, The Neiccomes, 
 ch. xlvi. 
 
 CAPITALLED, headed. 
 
 Beauteous as the white column, capitalled 
 with gilding, which rose at her side. C. 
 Bronte, Villette, ch. xx. 
 
 CAPON, to geld. 
 
 Had I been discover'd 
 I had been capon'd. 
 
 Massinger, Renegado, I. i. 
 
 CAPON. This bird, like the goose, is 
 taken for an emblem of stupidity. 
 
 Metellus was so shuttle brained that euen 
 in the middes of his tribuneship he left his 
 office in Rome, and sailled to Pompeius into 
 Syria, and by then he had ben with him 
 in a whyle, came flynging home to Rome 
 again as wyse as a capon. UdaFs Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 341. 
 
 CAPON JUSTICE, a corrupt magistrate, 
 as bribed by gifts of capons, &c. 
 Shakespeare perhaps is alluding to the 
 venality as well as the good living of 
 "the justice with fair round belly with 
 
 fat capon lined" (As You Like It, 
 II. vii.). 
 
 Judges that judge for reward, and say 
 with shame, " Bring you," such as the 
 country calls 'capon justices. Ward, Sermons, 
 p. 128. 
 
 They have many things of value to truck 
 for which they always carry about 'em ; as 
 justice for fat capons to be delivered before 
 dinner. Tom Broken, Works, iii. 26. 
 
 In England, during the reign of Elizabeth, 
 a member of Parliament defined & justice of 
 peace to be " an animal who for half a dozen 
 chickens will dispense with half a dozen penal 
 statutes." Miss Edgeworth, Ennui, ch. viii. 
 
 CAPON'S FEATHERS. See quotation. 
 Heylin had previously said that Salcot 
 was otherwise called Capon. 
 
 Salcot of Salisbury, knowing himself ob- 
 noxious to some court displeasures, redeems 
 his peace, arid keeps himself out of such 
 danger, by making long leases of the best 
 of his farms and manors ; known afterwards 
 most commonly by the name of Capon's 
 feathers. Heylin, Reformation, \. 212. 
 
 CAPRICORN, chamois. The Diets, only 
 give the word as signifying the zodiacal 
 sign. 
 
 He shew'd two heads and homes of the 
 true capricorne, which animal, he told us, 
 was frequently kill'd among the mountaines. 
 Evelyn, Diary, 1646 (p. 189). 
 
 CAPRINY, goatish. L. has caprine. 
 
 This moment I am as grave and formal in 
 my gate as a Spanish Don, or a Reader of a 
 Parish marching in the front of a Funeral ; 
 the next, as frolicksome as a capriny Mon- 
 sieur, leaping and frisking about. Cotton, 
 Scarronides, Preface. 
 
 CAPS. To pull caps = to quarrel. 
 Behold our lofty duchesses pull caps, 
 And give each other's reputation raps, 
 As freely as the drabs of Drury's school. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 140. 
 
 CAPTAINESS, a female captain. 
 . . . darest thou counsel me 
 From my dear Captainess to run away ? 
 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, 88. 
 
 CAPTATE, to catch, ensnare. 
 
 Condescending oft below himself in order 
 to captate the love and civil favour of people. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 255. 
 
 CAPTE, capacity. 
 
 To some apophthegmes (where Erasmus 
 saied nothing) in case my so doyng might 
 anything helpe the weake and tender capte 
 of the vnlearned reader, I have put addicions. 
 Udal's Erasnms's Apophth. (Translator's 
 Pref., p. vi.). 
 
 A mery conceipt to those that are of capte 
 to take it Ibid. p. 357.
 
 CARANT 
 
 ( 104) 
 
 CARKLE 
 
 CABANT, to run. See extract, s. v. 
 APPLEURANE, where the word is spelt 
 currant. Both extracts are in the 
 Devonshire dialect. 
 
 If everybody's carantiny about to once 
 each after his own men, nobody '11 find 
 nothing in such a scrimmage as that. C. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. xxx. 
 
 CABBAGE, shreds and clippings of 
 cloth : usually spelt cabbaye. 
 Lupes for the outside of his suite has paide ; 
 But, for his heart, he cannot have it made ; 
 The reason is. his credit can not get 
 The inward carbage for his cloathes as yet. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 324. 
 
 CARBONATED, reduced to carbon ; 
 burnt. 
 
 Antiepiscopall Preachers . . being loth to 
 be Carbonated or Crucified Christians, if 
 they can help it. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 580. 
 
 CARBONED, broiled. 
 
 Supped with them and Mr. Pierce the 
 purser, and his wife and mine, where we had 
 a calf's head carboned ; but it was raw; we 
 could not eat it. Pepys, Jan. 1, 1660-61. 
 
 CARBUNCULAR, liable to or productive 
 of carbuncles. 
 
 He returned more distempered, and fell 
 into a succession of boils, fevers, and St. 
 Anthony's fire ; indeed, I think, into such a 
 carbuncidar state of blood as carried off my 
 brother. Walpole to Mann, iii. 67 (1754). 
 
 CARCASS, a hollow bomb or vessel 
 filled with combustibles. L. has car- 
 cass-shell. 
 
 Here also is the House where the Firemen 
 and Engineers prepare their Fire-works, 
 charge Bombs, Carcasses, and Granadoes for 
 the public service. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, i. 135. 
 
 CARD, a character (slang). 
 
 Mr. Thomas Potter, whose great aim it was 
 to be considered as a " knowing card," a 
 " fast goer," and so forth, conducted himself 
 in a very different manner. Sketches by Boz 
 (Mftldmj a Niyht of it). 
 
 " The fact is," said Lavender, with good- 
 natured impatience, " you are the most 
 romantic card I know." Black, Princess of 
 Thule, ch. x. 
 
 CARDER. This name was applied to 
 some Irish rebels because they cruelly 
 punished their victims by driving a 
 card or hackle into their backs, and 
 dragging it down the spine. See 
 Wilde's Irish Popular Superstitions, 
 p. 79. In i. 4 of the drama quoted, a 
 woman is spoken of as sure not to be- 
 tray a secret, even if she was carded. 
 
 It's in terror of his life he lives, continu- 
 ally dramiug day and night, and croaking of 
 carders, and thrashers, and oak boys, and 
 white boys, and peep-o'-day boys. Jfiss 
 Edyeworth, Love and Law, ii. 3. 
 
 This shall a Carder, that a Whiteboy be, 
 Ferocious leaders of atrocious bands. 
 
 Hood, Irish Schoolmaster. 
 
 CARDINAL. R. and L. have a quota- 
 tion from Ayliffe, who says they are so 
 called as being the hinges of the Church, 
 but Fuller, agreeing in the derivation 
 from cardo, differs as to the applica- 
 tion. 
 
 Cardinals are not so called because the 
 hinges on which the Church of Rome doth 
 move, but from Cardo, which siguifieth the 
 end of a tenon put into a mortals, being ac- 
 cordingly fixed and fastened to their respect- 
 ive Churches. Fuller. Worthies, ch. iv. 
 
 CARDINALIZE, to redden like the hat 
 or stockings of a cardinal. L. has the 
 word as meaning to make a cardinal. 
 
 The redness of meats being a token that 
 they have not got enough of the fire, whether 
 by boiling, roasting, or otherwise, except 
 shrimps, lobsters, crabs, and cray-fishes, 
 which are cardinalized with boiling. Ur- 
 quhart's Rabdais, Bk. I. ch. xxxix. 
 
 CARDOPHAGI, thistle-eaters, i. e. don- 
 keys. 
 
 Kick and abuse him, you who have never 
 brayed ; but bear with him. all honest fellow- 
 cardophayi ; long-eared messmates, recognize 
 a brother donkey! Thackeray, Virginians, 
 ch. xix. 
 
 CARE, mountain ash. 
 
 You must know that of old Dart Moor 
 was a forest its valleys filled with alder and 
 hazel, its hill-sides clothed with birch, oak, 
 and ' care' mountain ash. C. Kimisleu, 1849 
 (Life, i. 173). 
 
 CAREAWAY, a reckless person. In the 
 extract from Adams there is a pun on 
 carraway. 
 
 But as yet remayne without eyther forcast 
 or consideration of any thinge that may after- 
 ward turn them to benetite, playe the wan- 
 ton yonkers, and wilfull Careaicayes. Touch- 
 stone of Complexions, p. 99. 
 
 If worldly troubles come too fast upon a 
 man, he hath a herb called care-atcay. 
 Adams, ii. 466. 
 
 CARKLE, to crinkle. 
 
 The blades of grass . . turned their points 
 a little way, and offered their allegiance to 
 wind instead of water. Yet before their 
 carkled edges bent more than a driven saw, 
 down the water came again. lilackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. xix.
 
 CARLINGS 
 
 ( 105 ) 
 
 CARP-FISH 
 
 CARLINGS. " Timbers lying fore and 
 aft, along from one beam to another, 
 bearing up the ledges on which the 
 planks of the deck are fastened" 
 (Bailey's Diet.). 
 
 There are curlings at the sides and scores 
 in the beams in midships. Archteol., xx. 556 
 (1824). 
 
 CABLING SUNDAY. See extracts ; 
 though H. gives Palm Sunday as Curl- 
 ing Sunday, but says the dish referred 
 to is sometimes eaten on the previous 
 Sabbath. 
 
 Passion Sunday was that which intervened 
 between mid Lent and Palm Sunday. It is 
 called to this day, in the north of England, 
 Carting Sunday. Archteol., XT. 356 (1806). 
 
 Carting Sunday or Carl Sunday. Carlings 
 or Carls are gray peas steeped in water, and 
 fried the next day in butter or fat. . . They 
 are eaten on the second Sunday before 
 Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday. The 
 origin of the custom seems forgotten. 
 Robinson's Whitby Glossary, 1875 (E. D. S.). 
 
 CARLIP, a species of firearm. 
 
 The carlip is but short, wauting some 
 inches of a yard in the barrel. The Unhappy 
 Marksman, 1659 (Harl. Misc., iv. 7). 
 
 CARMOSEL. Bailey gives " Car- 
 mousal, a Turkish merchant-ship." 
 
 I and six more . . . were sent forth in a 
 galliot to take a Greek Carmosel. Sanders, 
 Voyage to Tripoli, 1587 (Eng. Garner, ii. 20). 
 
 CARNAGED, bearing the marks of 
 carnage or slaughter. 
 
 Look yonder to that carnaged plain. 
 Southey, Joan of A re, Bk. ix. 
 
 CARNATE, in the flesh. In the ex- 
 tract incarnate is used as though the 
 in were privative. 
 
 I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or 
 incarnate can fairly do against a virtue so 
 established. Richardson, Cl. Harloice, v. 46. 
 
 CAROSSE (Fr.), carriage. 
 The number of carosses is incredible that 
 are in this city. Sandys, Travels, p. 259. 
 
 CARPENTER, to do carpenter's work. 
 
 He drew, he varnished, he carpentered, he 
 glued. Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. xi. 
 
 The Salle des Menus is all new carpentered, 
 bedizened for them. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. 
 Bk. IV. ch. iii. 
 
 Here he took to gardening, planting, fish- 
 ing, carpentering, and various other pursuits 
 of a similar kind. . . . On all such occasions 
 Mr. Grimwig plants, fishes, and carpenters 
 with great ardour. Dickens, Oliver Twist, 
 ch. liii. 
 
 CARPESE. "The stifning Carpese" 
 
 is mentioned by Sylvester among " ve- 
 neinous plants" (The Furies, 172). 
 
 CARPET. When a subject or plan is 
 mooted, it is sometimes said to be 
 brought upon the carpet, i. e. on the 
 table : carpet was formerly used for 
 table-cloth. 
 
 This is the family relation of these three 
 brothers whose lives are upon the carpet 
 before me. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 Preface, p. xv. 
 
 A word unluckily dropping from one of 
 them introduced a dissertation on the hard- 
 ships suffered by the inferior clergy ; which, 
 after a long duration, concluded with bring- 
 ing the nine volumes of sermons on the 
 carpet. Fielding, Jos. Andrews, Bk. I. ch. 
 xvi. 
 
 He shifted the discourse in his turn, and 
 (with a more placid air) contrived to bring 
 another subject upon the carpet. Graves, 
 Spiritual Quixote, Bk. X. ch. xi. 
 
 CARPET-BAGGER, a slang term, intro- 
 duced from America, for a man who 
 seeks election in a place with which he 
 has no connection. 
 
 Other "carpet-baggers" as political knights- 
 errant unconnected with the localities are 
 called, have had unpleasant receptions. 
 Guardian Newspaper, April 7, 1880. 
 
 CARPET GENTRY, effeminate gentry. 
 
 "Which [strength and manhood] our strait- 
 buttoned, carpet, and effeminate gentry want- 
 ing, cannot endure to hold out a forenoon or 
 afternoon sitting without a tobacco bait, or a 
 game at bowls. Ward, Sermons, p. 119. 
 
 CARPETLESS, without a carpet. 
 The well-scoured boards were carpetless. 
 Miss Bronte, I'illette, ch. xli. 
 
 CARPET-MONGER, a carpet knight. 
 
 To any other carpet-munr/er or primerose 
 knight of Primero bring I a dedication. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Earl. Misc., vi. 144). 
 
 CARPET-SWAB, carpet-bag (slang). 
 
 That sailor-man he said he'd seen that morn- 
 ing on the shore 
 
 A sou of something 'twas a name I'd never 
 heard before; 
 
 A little gallows-looking chap dear me ! what 
 could he mean ? 
 
 AYith a carpet-swab and mucking togs, and a 
 hat turned up with green. 
 
 Ingoldsly Legends (Misadv. at Margate). 
 
 CARP-FISH, a punning name for a 
 critic or caviller. 
 
 But I waigh it not, since the tongue of 
 an adversary cannot detract from verity. If 
 any the like carp-fsh whatsoever chance to 
 nibble at my credite, hee may perchauiu:e 
 swallow down the sharp hook of reproach
 
 CARRIAGEABLE ( 106 ) 
 
 CASE 
 
 and infamie ere he be aware. Optick Glasse 
 of Humours, p. 10 (1639). 
 
 CARRIAGEABLE, fit for carriages. 
 
 The mules would do four or five times as 
 much work if they were set to draw any 
 kind of cart, however rough, on a carriageable 
 road. E. Tylor, Mexico and Mexicans, p. 84 
 (1861). 
 
 CARRIAGE-COMPANY, people who keep 
 their carriages ; so in the first quota- 
 tion carriage-lady. 
 
 No carriage-lady, were it with never such 
 hysterics, but must dismount in the mud 
 roads, in her silk shoes, and walk. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. v. 
 
 There is no phrase more elegant and to my 
 taste than that iu which people are described 
 as " seeing a great deal of carriage-company." 
 Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. ix. 
 
 CARRIAGED, behaved. 
 
 The mistress of the house a pretty, "well- 
 carriaged woman, and a fine hand she hath. 
 Pepys, June 20, 1662. 
 
 One that hath not one good feature in her 
 face, and yet is a fine lady, of a fine taille, 
 and very well carriayed, and mighty discreet. 
 Ibid. June 14, 1664. 
 
 CARRIAGES, behaviour: the plural is 
 peculiar. 
 
 My carriages also to your father in his 
 distress is a great load to my conscience. 
 Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, Pt. ii. p. 11. 
 
 CARRIONERE, stinkard. 
 Fie, quoth my lady, what a stink is here ! 
 When 'twas her breath that was the car- 
 
 rionere. Herrick, Hesperides, p. 227. 
 
 CARROTS, red hair. 
 
 In our village now, thoff Jack Gauge the 
 exciseman has ta'en to his carrots, there's 
 little Dick the farrier swears he'll never for- 
 sake his bob, though all the college 'should 
 appear with their own heads. Sheridan, 
 liivals,\. 1. 
 
 CARROTY, red : applied to hair. See 
 quotation from Scott, s. v. PEERY. 
 
 Kitty. This is a strange head of hair of 
 thine, boy ; it is so coarse and so carotty. 
 
 Lovel. All my brothers and sisters be red 
 in the poll. Townsend, High Life Below 
 Stairs, Act I. 
 
 Tom is here with a fine carrotty beard, 
 and a velvet jacket cut open at the sleeves, 
 to show that Tom has a shirt. Thackeray, 
 A'eiccomes, ch. xxii. 
 
 CARRY-CASTLE, an elephant 
 The scaly dragon being else too lowe 
 For th' Elephant, vp a thick tree doth goe, 
 So, closely ambusht almost every day, 
 To watch the Carry-Castle in his way. 
 
 Sylvester, sixth day, first iceeke, 65. 
 
 CARRYING, being carried. Cf. BRING- 
 ING, SEARCHING for similar construction. 
 
 [Wolsey] died at Leicester Abbey, as he 
 was carrying to London, where he was 
 buried. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, i. 29. 
 
 How Don Quixote set at liberty several 
 unfortunate persons, who were carrying, 
 much against their wills, to a place they did 
 not like. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. 
 III. ch. viii. (heading). 
 
 The trunks were fastened upon the car- 
 riages, the imperial was carrying out. Miss 
 Edgeworth, Belinda, ch. xxv. 
 
 CART. To put the cart before the 
 horse = to reverse the proper order. 
 
 "While she liued she had a school and 
 taughte ; and when she was dedde, she had 
 maisters her self. . . The tale in appar- 
 ence bothe is standyng against all naturall 
 reason, and also setteth the carte before the 
 horses. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 359. 
 
 CARTED, drawn in a cart to execution ; 
 it was usually applied to those who 
 were flogged at the cart's tail. 
 Nor as in Britain let them curse delay 
 Of law, but borne without a form away, 
 Suspected, tried, condemned, and carted in 
 
 a day. Crabbe, Tale i. 
 
 CARTERLY, pertaining to the cart, 
 and so rustic, clownish. 
 
 Thence sprouteth that obscene appellation 
 of Sarding Sandes, with the draffe of the 
 carterly hoblobs thereabouts. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 CARYATID, a female figure dressed in 
 long robes, supporting an entablature. 
 When the Greeks subdued the Carians 
 they introduced these architectural 
 figures, dressed after the Cariatic man- 
 lier, in memory of their triumph. 
 
 Two great statues, Art, 
 And Science, Caryatids, lifted up 
 A weight of emblem. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
 
 CASCADE, to fall in a cascade. 
 
 In the middle of a large octagon piece of 
 water stands an obelisk of near seventy feet, 
 for a Jet-d'-Eau to cascade from the top of 
 it. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 218. 
 
 CASE, suppose ; in case. 
 "What if he staggers ? nay, but case he be 
 
 Foil'd on his knee ? 
 
 That very knee will bend to Heav'n, and woo 
 For mercy too. Quarles, Emblems, ii. 14. 
 
 CASE, a garment. 
 
 Doubtless [Job] had his wardrobe, his 
 change aud choice of garments. Yet now 
 how doth his humbled soul contemn them, 
 as if he threw away his vesture, saying, I
 
 CASEINE 
 
 CAT 
 
 have worn thee for pomp, given countenance 
 to a silken case. Adams, i. 57. 
 
 Finding thirty Philistines, he [Samson] 
 bestowed their corps on the earth, and their 
 cases on their fellow countrymen. Fuller, 
 Pisaah Sight, II. xi. 21. 
 
 Their shooes waxed not old, but their feet 
 did ; their cases were spared, and persons 
 spilled. /taf. IV. iii. 8. 
 
 CASEINE. Kingsley more than once 
 uses the expression in the extract = the 
 correct tiling, the cheese, caseine being 
 the basis of cheese. 
 
 Horn minnow looks like a gudgeon, which 
 is the pure caseine. C. Kinqsley, Letter, 
 May, 1856. 
 
 CASQUETEL, small casque or helmet. 
 
 She to her home repair 'd, 
 And with a light and unplumed casquetel 
 She helm'd her head. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. ix. 
 
 CASSAKIN, a little cassock. 
 
 Inhumane soules, who toucht with bloudy 
 
 Taint, 
 111 Shepheards, sheare not, but even flay 
 
 your fold, 
 To turn the Skin to Cassakins of Gold. 
 
 Sylvester, St. Leiris, 544. 
 
 CASSATION, annulling. See N., s. v. 
 casse, which verb is used a few lines 
 lower down in the place whence the 
 first extract is taken. 
 
 "Who sees not in this overture an utter 
 cassation of that Liturgy which is pretended 
 to be left free.p. Hall, Works, x. 302. 
 
 The first election for being made in the 
 night, out of due time, and without solemne 
 ceremony, is oppugned by the king's pro- 
 curators: the last was argued by some of 
 the monkes to be ill by reason there was no 
 cassation of the first. Daniel, Hist, of Enq.. 
 p. 112. 
 
 CASSINO, a game at cards. 
 
 Lady Middleton proposed a rubber of 
 Cassino. Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 
 ch. xxiii. 
 
 " Two whist, cassino, or quadrille tables 
 will dispose of four couple." . . " Great cass, 
 little cass, and the spades, Ma'am." Nares, 
 Ihinks I to myself, ii. 132. 
 
 CASSOCK, now confined to ecclesi- 
 astical dress, but once applied to the 
 dress not only of soldiers, but of 
 women. 
 
 Who would not thinke it a ridiculous thing 
 to see a lady in her milke-house with a veluet 
 gown, and at a bridall in her cassock of 
 mockado;* Puttenlutm, Art. of Eny. Poesie, 
 Book III. ch. xxiv. 
 
 Her taff'ta cassock might you see 
 Tucked up above her knee. 
 
 Greene, p. 302. 
 
 She wore a chaplet on her head, 
 Her cassock was of scarlet red. 
 
 Ibid. p. 305. 
 
 CASSON, cant term for beef. 
 Here's ruffpeck and casson, and all of the 
 
 best, 
 And scraps of the dainties of gentry cofe's 
 
 feast. Eroome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 CAST, " a second swarm of bees from 
 one hive " (H). 
 
 Such as hope that Mariners will hold up if 
 Fishermen be destroyed, may as rationally 
 expect plenty of hony and wax, though only 
 old stocks of Bees were kept, without either 
 casts or swarmes. Fuller, Worthies, ch. viii. 
 
 CAST, to throw the thrashed corn 
 from one side of the barn to the other, 
 so as to cleanse it from dust, &c. 
 
 Some winnow, some fan, 
 Some cast that can. 
 In casting provide, 
 For seede lay aside. 
 
 Tusser, Hv.sbandrie, p. 53. 
 
 CAST, a portion of bread : perhaps 
 applied to the loaves joined together 
 on being taken out of the oven. See 
 H. 
 
 An elephant in 1630 came hither ambassa- 
 dor from the great Mogul (who could both 
 write and read), and was every day allowed 
 twelve cast of bread, twenty quarts of Canary 
 sack, besides nuts and almonds B. Jonson, 
 Discoveries (Hear-say news). 
 
 CASTELLAR, pertaining to a castle. 
 
 It was a curious sample of ancient castellar 
 dungeons, which the good folks the founders 
 took for palaces. Walpole, Letters, iv. 480 
 (1789). 
 
 CASTELLET, a little castle. 
 
 The erection of a castellet at this point 
 would then become desirable. Archteol., 
 xxix. 30 (1841). 
 
 CASTLE-MONGER, a builder or pro- 
 pi ietor of castles. 
 
 His subjects, but especially the Bishops 
 (being the greatest castle-monyers in that age), 
 very stubborn, and not easily to be ordered. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. ii. 53. 
 
 CASURE, cadence. 
 
 Some of the Catholics, allured with the 
 pleasant casure of the metre, and sweet 
 sound of their rhyme, should go to their 
 assemblies. Calfhill, p. 298. 
 
 CAT. See quotation. 
 At the edge of the moat opposite the 
 wooden tower, a strong pent-house, which
 
 CAT 
 
 ( 1 08 ) CATCHPOLE-SHIP 
 
 they called a <vtf, might be seen stealing to- 
 wards the curtain, aiid gradually filling up 
 the moat with fascines and rubbish, which 
 the workmen flung out of its mouth. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xliii. 
 
 CAT. Enough to make a cat speak 
 = something astonishing or out of 
 the way : often applied, as in three of 
 the subjoined extracts, to astonishingly 
 good liquor. 
 
 Come on your ways, open your mouth 
 here is that which will give language to you, 
 cat. Tempest, ii. 2. 
 
 I have spoken for ale that will make a cat 
 speak. Breton, Packet of Mad Letters, p. 50. 
 A spicy pot, 
 
 Then do's us reason, 
 "Would make a cat 
 
 To talk high treason. 
 D'Urfey, Two Queens of Brentford, Act I. 
 
 Then I came to large ropes stretched out 
 from the mast, so that you must climb them 
 with your head backwards. The midshipman 
 told me these were called the cat-harpings, 
 because they were so difficult to climb that a 
 cat would expostulate if ordered to go out by 
 them. Marry att, Peter Simple, ch. vii. 
 
 Talk, miss ! it's enough to make a Tom cat 
 speak French grammar, only to see how she 
 tosses her head. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, 
 ch. xii. 
 
 CAT, cat of nine tails ; the lash. 
 
 Rash coalised kings, such a fire have ye 
 kindled ; yourselves fireless, your fighters 
 animated only by drill-sergeants, mess-room 
 moralities, and the drummer's cat. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VII. ch. iii. 
 The cat was purring about the mat, 
 But her mistress heard no more of that 
 Than if it had been a boatswain's cat. 
 
 Hood, Tale of a Tempest. 
 
 CATACLYSMIC, pertaining to a cata- 
 clysm or deluge. 
 
 What if the method whereon things have 
 proceeded since the Creation were, as geology 
 as well as history proclaims, a cataclysmic 
 method? C. Kinjsley, Yeast (Epilogue). 
 
 CATAMARAN (Tamil. Katta, tied ; 
 maram, trees), properly a small raft, 
 in which sense, i. e. a floating stage, it 
 is sometimes employed even in England. 
 It seems also to have been used at the 
 beginning of this century for a sort of 
 tire-ship ; hence perhaps its application 
 to a cross or cantankerous old woman ; 
 or perhaps this use was simply suggest- 
 ed by the First syllable. See N. and O., 
 V. vi. 318, 437, from which the first 
 and last extracts are taken. 
 
 Great hopes had been formed at the Ad- 
 miralty [in 18C4] of certain vessels which 
 
 were filled with combustibles and called 
 catamarans. Lord Stanhope, Life of Pitt, iv. 
 218. 
 
 " The cursed drunken old catamaran" cried 
 he ; " I'll go and cut her down by the head." 
 jfarryatt, Peter Simple, ch. vi. 
 
 " What a woman that Mrs. Mackenzie is ! " 
 cries F. B. ; " what an infernal tartar and 
 catamaran.'' Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. Ixxv. 
 
 The fan of her screw propeller came in 
 contact with a floating catamaran, and both 
 blades of her screw were bent. Times, Oct. 
 25, 1876. 
 
 CAT AND DOG LIFE, a quarrelsome life. 
 
 He that compareth our instruments with 
 those that were vsed in ancient times, shall 
 see them agree like dogges and cattes, and 
 meete as jump as Germans lippes. Gosson, 
 School of Abuse, p. 27. 
 
 They keep at Staines the old Blue Boar, 
 
 Are cat and dog, and rogue and whore. 
 
 Swift, Phyllis. 
 
 Married he was, and to as bitter a precisian 
 as ever eat flesh in Lent ; and a cat and dog 
 life she led with Touy, as men said. Scott, 
 Kenilworth, ch. ii. 
 
 CATA-PHYSICAL, infra-natural. 
 
 A visual object, falling under hyper- 
 physical orcata-physical laws, loses its shadow. 
 De Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 337. 
 
 CATA-PRESBYTER, one opposed to the 
 priesthood, or an opposition preacher. 
 Gauden seems to apply the term to the 
 ministers of dissenting sects who were 
 opposed to the Anglican priesthood, 
 and to each other. 
 
 Various factions . . have each their Anti- 
 Ministers, their Cata-Presbyters, or counter- 
 preachers bandying one against the other. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 429. 
 
 CATAPULTIER, the worker of a cata- 
 pult. 
 
 The besiegers . . sent forward their sappers, 
 pioneers, catapultiers, and crossbowmen. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xliii. 
 
 CATCH, a strongly -built vessel of 
 small burden : now more often spelt 
 ketch. 
 
 One of the ships royal with the catch were 
 sent under the command of Captain Love. 
 Ho well, Letters, I. iv. 1. 
 
 The fleete did sail, about 103 in all, besides 
 small catches. Pepys, April 25, 1665. 
 
 CATCHER, one who sings a catch. 
 
 " But where be my catchers ? Come, a 
 round, and so let us drink." (Stay e Direction: 
 This catch sung and they drink about.) 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act IV. 
 
 CATCHPOLE-SHIP, office of a publican 
 or tax-collector.
 
 CATCH SHILLING ( 109 ) 
 
 CAUDATION 
 
 This catchpole-ship of Zacchasus carried ex- 
 tortion in the face. Bp. Hall, Works, ii. 386. 
 
 CATCH SHILLING, something of no 
 great value, but meant to be of a popular 
 character, so as to sell. 
 
 The other article is upon a catch penny or 
 rather catch shilling " Life of Wellington." 
 Southey, Letters, ii. 402 (1815). 
 
 CATECHISE, to chastise or reprove : 
 often so used by the poor, not without 
 some authority for it in literature. Per 
 contra, I have been informed by a 
 Gloucestershire clergyman that there 
 chastise sometimes = to question. 
 Your father has deserved it at my hands, 
 Who, of mere charity and Christian truth, 
 To bring me to religious purity, 
 And as it were in catechising sort, 
 To make me mindful of my mortal sins, 
 Against my will, and whether I would or no, 
 Seized all I had. 
 
 Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2. 
 
 They might have been reclaimed, if used 
 with gentle means, not, catechised with fire and 
 fagot. Fuller, Holy War, Bk. III. ch. xx. 
 
 He did not fail of catechizing his young 
 friend on this occasion. He said he was 
 sorry to see any of his gang guilty of a breach 
 of honour ; that without honour priggery was 
 at an end. Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. III. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 CATECHISE, catechism : the word 
 occurs frequently in Gauden, e. g. pp. 
 316, 549. 
 
 The Articles, Creeds, Homilies, Catechise, 
 and Liturgy, with which they were, or might 
 have been, well acquainted. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 55. 
 
 CATERBRALL, a sort of dance ; a 
 brawl danced by four persons. In 
 Davies's Wit's Bedlam, p. 3, the word is 
 spelt guarter-braules, and is applied to 
 the music appropriated to the dance. 
 Angell-fac'd fairies (clad in vestures white) 
 Shal come in tripping blithsom Madrigalls 
 And foote fine home-pipes, jigges, and eater- 
 brails, Dames, An Extasie, p. 94. 
 
 CATERPILLAR, an extortioner. 
 
 They that be the children of this world, as 
 covetous persons, extortioners, oppressors, 
 caterpillars, usurers, think you they come to 
 God's storehouse ? Latimer, i. 404. 
 
 Near of kin to these caterpillars [pawn- 
 brokers] is the unconscionable tallyman. 
 Four for a Penny, 1678 (Ilarl. Misc., iv. 148). 
 
 Burton in his sermon on Prov. xxiv. 22 ... 
 abused the text and the Bishops sufficiently, 
 calling them instead of fathers, step-fathers, 
 for pillars, caterpillars. Barnard, Life of 
 Heylin, sect. 61. 
 
 CATHEDRATICALS, dues paid by the 
 clergy to the Bishop. 
 
 You do not pay your procurations only, 
 but your cathedraticals and synodals also. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 54. 
 
 CATHOOD, the state of being a cat. 
 
 Were I endowed with the power of sus- 
 pending the effect of time upon the things 
 around me, . . . decidedly my kitten should 
 never attain to cathood. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 We have a face with a certain piquancy, 
 the liveliest glib-snappish tongue, the liveliest 
 kittenish manner (not yet hardened into cat- 
 hood), with thirty pounds a year and prospects. 
 Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. v. 
 
 CATS AND DOGS. To rain cats and 
 dogs = to pour with rain. Two or 
 three derivations of this phrase have 
 been suggested, but perhaps the true 
 one is still to seek: icard 6%a = surpris- 
 ingly, or corruption of Fr. catadoupe, 
 waterfall ? 
 
 I know Sir John will go, though he was 
 sure it would rain cats and dogs. Swift, 
 Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 It was as dark as pitch, and metaphorically 
 rained cats and dogs. Ingoldsby Legends 
 (Grey Dolphin). 
 
 CAT'S-PELLET, a game, perhaps the 
 same as tip-cat. 
 
 Who beats the boys from cat' 's-pellet and 
 stool-ball ? British Bellman, 1648 (Harl. 
 Misc., vii. 625). 
 
 CATTERY, an establishment of cats. 
 
 An evil fortune attended all our attempts 
 at re-establishing & cattery. Southey, The 
 Doctor, p. 684. 
 
 CAUCUS. See quotation, though I 
 think Lord Lytton has not given the 
 usual meaning of the word, which sig- 
 nifies a meeting of one particular party 
 to select candidates, &c. The term 
 appears to have arisen in America in 
 the earlier half of the last century. The 
 first meetings of this kind were held 
 in ship-yards in Boston ; hence called 
 caulker's meetings. See N. and Q., 
 1st S., vol. xi. ; 3rd S., vols. xi., xii. 
 
 " I think of taking a hint from the free and 
 glorious land of America, and establishing 
 secret caucuses : nothing like 'em." " Cau- 
 cuses ? " " Small sub-committees that spy 
 on their men night and day, and don't suffer 
 them to be intimidated to vote the other 
 way." Lytton, My Novel, Bk. XII. ch. xii. 
 
 CAUDATION, the possession of a tail. 
 Crawley ... no sooner felt his hand en- 
 counter a tail, slight in size, but stiff as a
 
 CAULIFLOWER ( no ) 
 
 pug's and straight as a pointer's, than he 
 uttered a dismal howl, and it is said that for 
 a single moment he really suspected prema- 
 ture caudation had been inflicted on him for 
 his crimes. Reade, Never too late to mend, 
 ch. Ixxvi. 
 
 CAULIFLOWER, a name given to a wig 
 which resembled that vegetable. 
 Of battles fierce and warriors big, 
 
 He writes in phrases dull and slow, 
 And waves his cauliflower wig, 
 
 And shouts, " St. George for Marlborow ! " 
 Thackeray, The Drum. 
 
 CAULKER, a dram, as distinguished 
 from the heavy, which is beer or porter. 
 
 Take a caulker! Summat heavy then? 
 No? Tak a drap o' kindness yet for auld 
 langsyne. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. xxi. 
 
 CAUPONATION, tricks of adulteration, 
 such as innkeepers (caupones) prac- 
 tised with their liquors. 
 
 Better it were to have a deformity in 
 preaching, so that some would preach the 
 truth of God, and that which is to be 
 preached, without cauponation and adulter- 
 ation of the word, .... than to have such 
 a uniformity that the silly people should 
 be thereby occasioned to continue still in 
 their lamentable ignorance. Latimer, ii. 347. 
 
 CAUSEWAY, to pave. 
 
 The stripped hawthorn and hazel bushes 
 were as still as the white worn stones which 
 causewayed the middle of the path. C. 
 Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xii. 
 
 CAUSEY, to pave as a causey or 
 causeway. 
 
 These London kirkyards are causeyed with 
 through-stanes. Scott, Niyel, i. 54. 
 
 CAUTIONER, bail. Among the canons 
 approved by Charles I. for the Church 
 of Scotland was the following : 
 
 That no Presbyter should hereafter become 
 surety or cautioner for any person whatso- 
 ever, in civil bonds and contracts, under pain 
 of suspension. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 299. 
 
 CAVALCADE, to go in procession. 
 
 He would have done his noble friend better 
 service than cavalcading with him to Oxford. 
 North, Examen, p. 112. 
 
 CAVE IN, to sink in or give in, like an 
 abandoned mining-shaft. 
 
 A puppy, three weeks old, joins the chase 
 with heart and soul, but caves in at about 
 fifty yards, and sits him down to bark. //. 
 Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xxviii. 
 
 CAVIES, cavaliers. 
 
 In the meane while . . . were at least 
 sixty great gunnes shot off, which beat up 
 the dirt bravely about the Cavies eares. 
 
 True Relation of a brave defeat given by the 
 forces in Plimouth to Skellum Greenvile, 1645, 
 p. 4. 
 
 CELIBATAIRE, bachelor. 
 
 His hard-hearted betrayer seemed to drop 
 tears, while the despairing celilataire de- 
 scanted on his "whole course of love." 
 Godwin, Mandeville, ii. 268. 
 
 CELICAL, heavenly. 
 By stars I craue you, by the ayre, by the 
 
 celical houshold, 
 Hoyse me hence. Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 610. 
 
 CELLAR, a case or box (we still have 
 salt-cellar) ; more especially a case for 
 liquors ; a cellaret. 
 
 Run for the cellar of strong waters quickly. 
 Jonson, Magnetic Lady, III. i. 
 
 His wife afterwards did take me into my 
 closet, and give me a cellar of waters of her 
 own distilling. Pepys, April 1, 1668. 
 
 CELLAROUS, belonging to a cellar. 
 
 A little side-door, which I had never ob- 
 served before, stood open, and disclosed 
 certain cellarous steps. Dickens, Uncom- 
 mercial Traveller, ix. 
 
 CENSORESS, female censor. 
 
 " This is not very politic in us, Miss Bur- 
 ney ; to play at cards and have you listen to 
 our follies." " There's for you ! I am to pass 
 for a censoress now." Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 i. 157. 
 
 CENTENARY, a centenarian ; it usually 
 means a period of a hundred years, or a 
 hundredth anniversary. 
 
 Centenaries, he thought, must have been 
 ravens and tortoises. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. cxxxii. 
 
 CENTRE BIT, a tool for boring large 
 circular holes : much used by house- 
 breakers. 
 
 And Sleep must lie down arm'd, for the vil- 
 lainous centre-bits 
 
 Grind on the wakeful ear in the hush of 
 the moonless nights. 
 
 Tennyson's Maud, I. i. 11. 
 His intelligence bored like a centre-bit into 
 the deep heart of his enemy. Reade, Never 
 too late to mend, ch. ii. 
 
 CENTRICAL, central. 
 
 I knew the church, however ; it had occa- 
 sionally formed a centrical point in my ram- 
 bles. Godwin, Mandeville, i. 186. 
 
 To me wealth and ambition would always 
 be unavailing ; I have lived in their most 
 centrical possessions, and I have always seen 
 that the happiness of the richest and the 
 greatest has been the moment of retiring 
 from riches and from power. Mad. D'Ar- 
 blay, Diary, v. 431. 
 
 " It is time then," said Fitzurse, " to draw
 
 CENTRONEL 
 
 CHALK 
 
 our party to a head, either at York, or some 
 other centrical place." Scott, Ivanhoe, i. 202. 
 
 CENTRONEL, a sentinel. 
 
 These milk-white doves shall be his centronels, 
 "Who, if that any seek to do him hurt, 
 Will quickly fly to Cytherea's fist. 
 
 Marlowe, Dido, II. i. 
 
 CENTUMVIRATE, a body of a hundred 
 men. 
 
 A cause . . . might reasonably have lasted 
 them as many years, finding food and rai- 
 ment all that term for a centumvirate of the 
 profession. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, ii. 198. 
 
 CENTURIE, I suppose the common and 
 corrupt pronunciation of sanctuary. 
 
 Sanctuarium or the Centurie, wherein 
 debtours taking refuge from their credi- 
 tours, malefactours from the judge, lived, 
 the more the pity, in all security. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., vi. 286 (Hist, of Abbeys). 
 
 CEREBROSITY, brain : the word is put 
 into the mouth of an ignorant pedant. 
 
 Attend and throw your ears to mee . . . till 
 I have endoctrinated your plumbeous cere- 
 brosities. Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 622. 
 
 CEREMONIZE, to practise ceremonies. 
 
 They suspected lest those who formerly 
 had outrunne the canons with their addi- 
 tionall conformitie (ceremoniziny more than 
 was enjoyned) now would make the canons 
 come up to them, making it necessary for 
 others what voluntarily they had preprac- 
 tised themselves. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. 
 iii. 14. 
 
 CEREMONY, to marry ; to join by a 
 ceremony. 
 
 Or if thy vows be past, and Hymen's bands 
 Have ceremonied your unequal hands, 
 Annul, at least avoid, thy lawless act 
 "With insufficiency, or pre-contract. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, v. 8. 
 
 CERTS, certainly : usually written 
 certes. 
 
 But certs I know that such mistake their 
 ground. 
 
 Fuller, David's Heavie Punishment, st. 27. 
 For certs I know their labour was but lost. 
 Ibid. st. 38. 
 
 CEST, a girdle ; or, as Sylvester ex- 
 plains it in the margin, "spouse-belt." 
 Kichardson and Latham have the same 
 single quotation from Collins. 
 
 Thou trimm'st the trammels of thy golden 
 
 hair 
 With myrtle, thyme, and roses ; and thy 
 
 brest 
 Gird'st with a rich and odoriferous cent. 
 
 Sylvester, The Maynijkence, 949. 
 
 CESTON, girdle ; especially the girdle 
 of Venus. 
 
 Mer. Venus, give me your pledge. 
 V'en. My ceston, or my fan, or both? 
 
 Peele, Arraignment of Paris, iii. 2. 
 As if love's sampler here was wrought, 
 Or Citherea's ceston, which 
 All with temptation doth bewitch. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 177. 
 
 CHAFF, to banter. 
 
 A dozen honest fellows grinned when their 
 own visages appeared, and chaffed each other 
 about the sweethearts who were to keep 
 them while they were out at sea. C. Kinys- 
 ley, Tico Years Ago, ch. xv. 
 
 CHAINLESS, free ; unfettered. 
 If the free Switzer yet bestrides alone 
 His chainless mountains, 'tis but for a time. 
 Byron, Ode, 130. 
 
 CHAINLET, little chain. 
 
 " If you condemn a bow of ribbon for a 
 lady, monsieur, you would necessarily dis- 
 approve of a thing like this for a gentle- 
 man," holding up my bright little chainlet of 
 silk and gold. Miss .Bronte, J'illette, ch. 
 xxviii. 
 
 CHAIRED, installed or enthroned. The 
 word more usually applies to that 
 ceremony formerly undergone by a 
 newly-elected M.P., of being carried 
 in procession in a chair, as depicted by 
 Hogarth. 
 
 Aldwyth. And when doth Harold go? 
 
 Morcar. To-morrow first to Bosham, 
 then to Flanders. 
 
 Aldw. Not to come back till Tostig shall 
 
 have shown 
 And redden'd with his people's blood the 
 
 teeth 
 
 That shall be broken by us, yea, and thou 
 Chaired in his place. Tennyson, Harold, i. 2. 
 
 CHALDER, a chauldron. 
 
 The quantity of coals which, one year with 
 another, are burnt and consumed in and 
 about this City, is supposed to be about 
 500,000 Chalders, every Chalder containing 
 thirty-six bushels, and generally weighing 
 3000 weight. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 ii. 144. 
 
 CHALK, to run up a score, that being 
 marked with chalk. 
 
 I shall be better than my word, and pro- 
 secute you more constantly than a city vint- 
 ner does a country parliament man that 
 chalk'd it plentifully last winter session. 21 
 Brown, Works, i. 182. 
 
 CHALK. Old maids who wished to be 
 married were said to eat chalk, which, 
 with oatmeal, lime, &c., seems to have 
 been a remedy for the green-sickness.
 
 CHALKS 
 
 CHANCEL 
 
 How can any man in his right wits believe 
 that ten thousand green-sickuess maidens . . 
 would rather die martyrs to oatmeal, loam, 
 and chalk than accept such able doctors and 
 such pleasant physick for their recoveries in 
 that only elixir vita, man and matrimony ? 
 Reply to Ladies' and Bachelors 1 Petition, 1694 
 (Harl. Misc., iv. 438). 
 
 As for your part, Madam, you might have 
 had me once ; but now, Madam, if you should 
 by chance fall to eatiny chalk or gnawing the 
 sheets, 'tis none of my fault. Farquhar, 
 Constant Couple, v. 3. 
 
 Before that any young, lying, swearing, 
 flattering, rakehelly fellow should play such 
 tricks with me, I would wear my teeth to 
 the stumps with lime and cJialk. Ibid., The 
 Inconstant, ii. 1. 
 
 Discouler'd, pale, as bastard pearl, 
 Or oyster, or chalk-eating girl 
 That oatmeal with it chew'd. 
 
 D'Urfey, Plague of Impertinence. 
 
 CHALKS. By long chalks = by many 
 degrees. 
 They whipp'd and they spurr'd, and they 
 
 after her press'd, 
 But Sir Alured's steed was by long chalks 
 
 the best. Ingoldsby Ley. (S. Romwold). 
 
 As regards the body of water discharged 
 . . . the Lidus ranks foremost by a lonff chalk. 
 De Quincey, System of the Heavens. 
 
 CHALKS. To walk ones chalks is a 
 slang expression to signify going away. 
 Corruption of calx (?). 
 
 In a few minutes Tom came in. " Here's 
 a good riddance! The prisoner has fabri- 
 cated his pilgrim's staff, to speak scientific- 
 ally, and perambulated his calcareous strata." 
 " What ? " " Cut his stick, and walked his 
 chalks, and is off to London." C. Kingsley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. i. 
 
 CHALOUPE, a shallop ; a small craft. 
 Bailey here uses the French form of 
 the word, though in his Diet, he only 
 gives the English one. 
 
 There was a pretty many of us upon the 
 shore of Calais, who were carried thence in a 
 chalonpe to a large ship. Bailey's Erasmus, 
 p. 255. 
 
 CHAMBER is used adjectivally for 
 effeminate or wanton : so chambering 
 (roiraif) in Rom. xiii. 13. 
 
 The good Kalander ; . . loved the sport of 
 hunting ; ... in the comparison thereof he 
 disdained all chamber-deliyhts. Sidney, Ar- 
 cadia, p. 33. 
 
 Will you 
 
 Forbear to reap the harvest of such glories, 
 Now ripe and at full growth, for the embraces 
 Of a slight woman,or exchange your triumphs 
 For chamber-pleasures ? 
 
 Malinger, Bashful Lover, v. 3. 
 
 Thou shalt not neede to fear the chamber' 
 
 scapes, 
 The sinnes 'gainst Nature, and the brutish 
 
 rapes. Dames, An Extasie, p. 92. 
 
 CHAMBER, home ; dwelling-place. 
 
 London .... the seat of the British Em- 
 pire, and the kings of England's chamber. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 421. 
 
 CHAMBER-STEAD, a place for a cham- 
 ber. Cf. GIRDLE-STEAD, MARKET-STEAD, 
 &c. 
 But if love be so dear to thee, thou hast a 
 
 chamber-stead, 
 Which Vulcan purposely contriv'd with all 
 
 fit secrecy ; 
 There sleep at pleasure. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xiv. 286. 
 
 CHAMBRIER, a chamberlain. 
 And thou shalt have with thee the Graces, 
 
 For they, to grace thee not despising, 
 Shall daily wait upon thy rising, 
 (And never Asian cavaliers 
 Could boast they had such chamlriers). 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 270. 
 
 CHAMPERTOUS. Champerty, a legal 
 term, is in the Diets. : it refers to parting 
 or dividing the land. In the extract 
 Bp. Hall refers to his controversy with 
 five dissenting ministers, who wrote 
 under the name of Smectymnuus. He 
 probably calls their combination cham- 
 pertous on account of this division of 
 labour. 
 
 This champertoits combination hath gone 
 about by mere shews of proof to feed the 
 unquiet humours of men. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 x. 372. 
 
 CHAMPION, the tenant of open, un- 
 enclosed land, who by custom allows 
 the incoming tenant to summer-fallow 
 such ground as is meant for wheat. 
 The occupier of woodland or enclosures 
 keeps the whole until the end of his 
 term. 
 
 New fermer may enter (as champions say 1 * 
 On all that is fallow at Lent ladie day : 
 In woodland, old fermer to that will not 
 
 yeeld, 
 For loosing of pasture, and feede of his 
 
 feeld. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 34. 
 
 CHAMPIONIZE, to play the champion. 
 With reed-like lance, and with a blunted 
 
 blade, 
 To championize vnder a tented shade. 
 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 359. 
 
 CHAXCEL, applied to a sacred division 
 in a heathen temple.
 
 CHANCY 
 
 CHAPMANR Y 
 
 The priest went iuto the priue chauncell, 
 and (as though he had spoken with God) 
 came forth agaiae, and aunswered that 
 Jupiter did by assured promisse make him a 
 graunt of his boune that he asked. Udal's 
 JSratmuft Apophth., p. 233. 
 
 Fierce Mars flew through the air, 
 
 .... and then his own hands wrought, 
 Which from his fane's rich chancel, cur'd, the 
 true uEneas brought. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, v. 507. 
 
 CHANCY, uncertain. 
 
 By a roundabout course even a gentleman 
 may make of himself a chancy personage, 
 raising an uncertainty as to what he may do 
 next. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxviii. 
 
 CHANGE. To put the chancre upon a 
 person = to deceive or mislead. 
 
 I have so contriv'd that Mellefont will 
 presently in the chaplain's habit wait for 
 Cynthia in your dressing-room ; but I have 
 put the change upon her, that she may 
 be otherwise employed. Congreve, Double 
 Deafer, v. 17. 
 
 Those enchanters who persecute me are 
 perpetually setting shapes before me as they 
 really are, and presently putting the change 
 upon me, and transforming them into what- 
 ever they please. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pi. 
 II. Bk. II. ch. ix. 
 
 You cannot put the change on me so easy 
 as you think, for I have lived among the 
 quick-stirring spirits of the age too long to 
 swallow chaff for grain. Scott, Kenilicorth, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 CHANGE-CHURCH, one who holds vari- 
 ous ecclesiastical preferments in suc- 
 cession. 
 
 Boso . . . was a great Change-Church in 
 Rome. Fuller, Worthies. Hertfordshire (i. 
 429). 
 
 CHANGE-HOUSE, a Scotch public-house. 
 
 When the Lowlanders want to drink a 
 cheerupping cup, they go to the public- 
 house called the change-house, and call for 
 a chopin of twopenny. Smollett, Humphrey 
 Clinker, ii. 69. 
 
 CHANGES. To ring changes is to 
 direct or regulate variations, or to re- 
 peat certain formulas in various order. 
 L. has illustrations of the literal use of 
 this phrase in regard to bells, but not 
 of its metaphorical meaning. 
 
 She considereth how quickly mutable all 
 things are in this world, God ringing the 
 changes on all accidents, and making them 
 tunable to His glory. Fuller, Holy State, 
 IV. xiii. 12. 
 
 If it had been necessary to exact implicit 
 and profound belief by mysterious and 
 horisonant terms, he could have amazed the 
 
 listener, . . . and have astounded him by 
 ringing changes upon Almugea, Cazimi, &c. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. Ixxxvi. 
 
 CHANNELLIZE, to hold as in a channel. 
 His Vaines and Nerues that channellize His 
 
 Blood, 
 By violent conuulsions all confracted. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 20. 
 
 CHANT, to deal dishonestly in horses. 
 
 Jack Firebrace and Tom Humbold of 
 Spotsylvania was here this morning chant- 
 ing horses with 'em. Thackeray, Virginians, 
 ch. x. 
 
 CHAP, a fellow : an abbreviation of 
 chapman : merchant was used in the 
 same contemptuous way. Bonner 
 speaks of Latiiner and Hooper as mer- 
 chants (see Maitland's Essays on the 
 Reformation, p. 369, note). The ear- 
 liest authority for chap in the Diets, is 
 Byrom. 
 
 Those crusty chaps I cannot love, 
 The Diuell doo them shame. 
 Breton, Toyes of an Idle Head, p. 55. 
 
 CHAPEL is THE KITCHEN, ".Ganeo, &c., 
 a glutton, such an one whose chappel 
 is the kitchen, and his bellye his god " 
 (Nomendator, p. 526). 
 
 CHAPERON, to take charge of a young 
 unmarried lady at balls or in public 
 places. Fr. chaperon, hood. 
 
 I shall be very happy to chaperon you at 
 any time, till I am confined, if Mrs. Dash- 
 wood should not like to go into public. 
 Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ch. xx. 
 
 My godmother, knowing her son, and 
 knowing me, would as soon have thought of 
 chaperoning a sister with a brother as of keep- 
 ing anxious guard over our incomings and 
 outgoings. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxi. 
 
 CHAPLETED, garlanded ; filleted. 
 His forehead chapleted green with wreathy 
 hop. Browning, Flight of the Duchess. 
 
 CHAPLINARY, chaplaincy. 
 
 There also passed some other Acts .... 
 for enabling Lay-Patrons to dispose of their 
 Prebendaries and Chaplinaries unto Stu- 
 dents. Htylin, Hist, of the Preslyterians, p. 
 297. 
 
 CHAPMANABLE, marketable ; fit for 
 selling. 
 
 In the craft of catching or taking it, and 
 smudging it (marchant and chapnuinalle as 
 it should be), it sets a worke thousands. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 159). 
 
 CHAPMANRY, traffic or custom. 
 
 He is moderate in his prices, . . . which 
 gets him much chapmanry. Document 
 dated 1691 (Archaol., xii. 191). 
 
 I
 
 CHAPTER 
 
 CHART 
 
 CHAPTER, to divide into chapters. 
 
 Notwithstanding this general tradition of 
 Laugton's chaptering the Bible, some learned 
 men make that design of far ancienter date. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Canterbury (i. 528). 
 
 CHAPTER, head. L. has the verb 
 chapter = to take to task, bring to 
 chapter and verse. Fr. chapitrer. In 
 the first three extracts the noun seems 
 to have something of this meaning. 
 
 He forgetting all playes fast and loose with 
 me to y 6 sum of 350 1. ... an hard chapter, 
 you'll say, for me. Up. Frampton, 1699 (Life 
 of Ken, p. 766). 
 
 This was yet a harder chapter (concio) than 
 the former. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 144. 
 
 Necessity is a hard chapter (telum). Ibid. 
 p. 209. 
 
 There are some chapters on which I still 
 fear we shall not agree. Walpole, Letters, 
 iii. 150 (1766). 
 
 On that charming young woman's chapter 
 I agree with you perfectly. Ibid. iv. 508 
 (1791). 
 
 CHARACTER, a cipher: in the extract 
 from Richardson it = short-hand. 
 
 I interpreted my lord's letter by his 
 character. Pepys, Jan. 18, 1660. 
 
 Sir H. Bennet's love is come to the height, 
 and his confidence, that he hath given my 
 lord a character, and will oblige my lord to 
 correspond with him. Ibid. July 15, 1664. 
 
 She found no other letter added to that 
 parcel ; but this, and that which I copied 
 myself in character last Sunday whilst she 
 was at Church, relating to the smuggling 
 scheme, are enough for me. Eichardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, iv. 296. 
 
 CHARACTERISTIC. See quotation. But 
 does it not mean the mention of the 
 reigning sovereign by name? When 
 Lord Weymouth at last took the oaths 
 to Queen Anne, and had her prayed for 
 by name in his chapel, Ken ceased to 
 attend there. 
 
 In another letter addressed to Lloyd, he 
 [Ken] says, " I never use any characteristic 
 in the prayers myself, nor am present when 
 any is read." By this expression he meant 
 that he never attended any solemn days of 
 thanksgiving or public fasts appointed by 
 the Government. Life of Ken by a Layman, 
 p. 653. 
 
 CHARE -FOLK, people hired to do 
 domestic work by the day. See B., 
 s. v. chare. 
 
 Such who, instead of their own servants, 
 use chair-folke in their houses, shall find 
 their work worse done, and yet pay dearer 
 for it. Fuller, Worthies, Kent (i. 481). 
 
 CHARI CHRIST. See extract. 
 
 They [the Irish] take unto them "Wolves 
 to be their godsibs, whom they tearme Chari 
 Christ, praying for them and wishing them 
 well, and so they are not afraid to be hurt 
 by them. Holland's Camden, p. 146. 
 
 CHARIOTEER, to drive a chariot. 
 
 Therefore to me be given 
 To roam the starry path of Heaven, 
 
 To charioteer with wings on high, 
 And to rein-in the Tempests of the sky. 
 
 Southey, Ode to Astronomy. 
 
 CHARIVARI, rough music ; disturbance ; 
 riot : a French word, but almost natural- 
 ized among us. 
 
 We . . . played a charivari with the ruler 
 and desk, the fender and fire-irons. C. 
 Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 CHARLEY, a fox. 
 
 A nice little gorse or spinney where 
 abideth poor Charley, having no other cover 
 to which to betake himself for miles and 
 miles, when pushed out some fine November 
 morning by the Old Berkshire. Hughes, Tom 
 Urown's Schooldays, ch. i. 
 
 " And all after a poor little fox ! " " You 
 don't know Charley, I can see," said Halbert. 
 " Poor little fox indeed ! why it's as fair a 
 match between the best-tried pack of hounds 
 in England and an old dog-fox as one would 
 wish to see." H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. xxviii. 
 
 CHARLEY. The old watchmen were 
 called Charlies ; some say because 
 Charles I. in 1640 extended and im- 
 proved the watch system in the metro- 
 polis. 
 
 No bumpkin makes a poke the less 
 At the back or ribs of old Eleanor S. 
 
 As if she were only a sack of barley ; 
 Or gives her credit for greater might 
 Than the Powers of Darkness confer at night 
 
 On that other old woman, the parish 
 Charley. Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 Bludyer, a brave and athletic man, would 
 often give a loose to his spirits of an even- 
 ing, and mill a Charley or two, as the phrase 
 then was. Thackeray, Sketches in London 
 (Friendship). 
 
 CHARMER, some sort of fashionable 
 dance. 
 
 "We march'd up a body of the finest, 
 bravest, well-dressed fellows in the Uni- 
 verse ; our commanders at the head of us, 
 all lace and feather, and like so many beaux 
 at a ball. I don't believe there was a man 
 of 'em but could dance a charmer. Farquhar, 
 The Inconstant, i. 2. 
 
 CHART, to map out.
 
 CHART 
 
 CHEAT 
 
 What ails us who are sound 
 That we should mimic this raw fool the 
 
 world, 
 Which charts us all in its coarse blacks or 
 
 whites. Tennyson, Walking to the Mail. 
 
 CHART, the mariner's compass. Card 
 is so used by Shakespeare, &c., from 
 the card on which the various points 
 are marked. 
 
 The discovery of the chart is but of late 
 standing, tho' of great importance. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 412. 
 
 CHASED. A man was said to be 
 chased when the bottle was pushed 
 towards him that he might help him- 
 self. 
 
 Why, when I fill this very glass of wine, 
 cannot I push the bottle to you, and say, 
 " Fairford.you are chased?" Scott, Redgaunt- 
 let, Letter i. 
 
 CHASTED, kept chaste. 
 
 Ah, chasted bed of mine, said she, which 
 never heretofore couldest accuse me of one 
 defiled thought, how canst thou now receive 
 this disastred changling? Sidney, Arcadia, 
 Bk. II. p. 160. 
 
 CHASTELING, one who is chaste. 
 Becon says (iii. 568) that in St. Matt. 
 xix. we are told of " three kinds of 
 chastelings." 
 
 CHASULE, chasuble. See CHESIL. 
 Fuller says a priest was formally de- 
 graded 
 
 By taking from him the patin, chalice, 
 and plucking the chasule from his back. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. ii. 6. 
 
 CHAT, point ; state of the case (slang). 
 
 Has the gentleman any right to be in this 
 room at all, or has he not? Is he com- 
 mercial, or is he miscellaneous ? That's 
 the chat, as I take it. Trollope, Orley Farm, 
 ch. vi. 
 
 CHATMATE, companion ; one who 
 chats with another. 
 
 The toothlesse trotte her nurse . . was her 
 only chatmate and chambermaide. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 167). 
 
 CHATTATION, chat ; conversation. 
 
 Miss Baldwin would have dinner served 
 according to order, and an excellent dinner 
 it was, and our chattation no disagreeable 
 sauce. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 219. 
 
 CHATTERIST, chatterer. The extract 
 occurs in a letter supposed to be written 
 by Hugh Peters, from the other world, 
 to Daniel Burgess both being dissent- 
 ing preachers of note and fluency. 
 
 You are the only modern cltatterist that I 
 hear has succeeded me. T. Hrown. Works, 
 ii. 204. 
 
 CHATTERY, light conversation. 
 
 She then would not sit herself, but came 
 and stood by me at the window, and entered 
 into an easy and cheerful chattery, till the 
 return of the Queen. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 iii. 273. 
 
 All Windsor, and almost all Berkshire, 
 assembled on this occasion ; of course there 
 was no lack of chattery and chatterers. 
 Jbid. v. 17. 
 
 Her continued and unmeaning chattery 
 made the short term of her stay appear long. 
 Ibid., Camilla, Bk. VIII. ch. ii. 
 
 CHAUCERISMS, expressions such as 
 were used by Chaucer. 
 
 The many Chaucerisms used (for I will not 
 say affected by him [Spenser]) are thought 
 by the ignorant to be blemishes. Fuller, 
 Worthies, London (ii. 80). 
 
 CHAUD, heat : a French word em- 
 ployed as English, one would think, 
 unnecessarily. 
 
 The over-hot breathings of Ministers, like 
 the chaud of Charcoale, stifle and suffocate 
 the vital spirits of true Religion. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 574. 
 
 CHAUMBERDAKYNS. See quotation. 
 
 At the Commons' petition to the King in 
 Parliament that all Irish begging-priests 
 called Chaumberdakyns should avoid the 
 Realm before Michaelmas next, they were 
 ordered to depart. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. ii. 
 29. 
 
 CHAVEL, to chew. 
 
 Disarm'd of teeth, this chavells with his 
 gnms. Stapylton's Juvenal, x. 231. 
 
 CHAWBACON, peasant, or country la- 
 bourer. Cf. BACON-SLICER. 
 
 The chawbacons, hundreds of whom were 
 the Earl's tenants, raised a shout that well- 
 nigh brought down the roof of the Court- 
 house. Savage, R. Medlicott, Bk. II. ch. x. 
 
 CHEAP JACK, an itinerant vendor of 
 hardware, &c., who puts up his articles 
 at a certain price, and gradually cheap- 
 ens them until he gets a purchaser. 
 He also recommends his wares with a 
 good deal of patter or oratory. 
 
 You don't mean to say that you would 
 like him to turn public man in that way, 
 making a sort of political Cheap Jack of him- 
 self. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. vi. 
 
 CHEAT, the gallows (thieves' cant). 
 
 Cf. NUBBING-CHEAT. 
 
 See what your laziness is come to ; to the 
 cheat, for thither will you go now, that's 
 I 2
 
 CHE A TEE 
 
 CHERR Y 
 
 infallible. Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. IV. 
 ch. ii. 
 
 CHEATEE, a dupe. 
 
 In this city 
 
 (As in a fought field, crows and carkasses) 
 No dwellers are but cheaters and cheateez. 
 
 Albumazar, I. i. 
 
 CHECKLE, to chuckle. 
 
 Some things are of that nature as to make 
 One's fancie checkle while his heart doth ake. 
 JBunyan, Pile/rim's Progress, Pt. ii., Introd. 
 
 CHECK-STRING, a string held by the 
 coachman, the end of which passes into 
 the carriage, and so enables any one in- 
 side to signal the driver to stop. 
 
 The young man was in the high road to 
 destruction, and driving at such a rate that 
 he must soon have overset the whole under- 
 taking it was time to pull the check-string. 
 Cohnan, Man of Business, Act III. 
 
 CHEEK, impudence. So we speak of 
 having the face to do a thing. In the 
 old play or Morality called HycJce- 
 Scorner (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., i. 101), 
 Freewill says to Perseverance, who has 
 rebuked him, " I take hyt in full grete 
 scorne that thou shouldest thus cheke 
 me ; " perhaps, however, cheke in this 
 place = check. Cf. BROW. 
 
 "You don't happen to know why they 
 killed the pig, do you ? " retorts Mr. Bucket, 
 with a steadfast look, but without loss of 
 temper. " No ! " " Why, they killed him," 
 says Mr. Bucket, " on account of his having 
 so much cheek : don't you get into the same 
 position." Dickens, Bleak House, ch. liv. 
 
 She told him, with a raised voice and flash- 
 ing eyes, she wondered at his cheek, sitting 
 down by that hearth of all hearths in the 
 world. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xlviii. 
 
 CHEEK BALL, " Gena, Mala, the clieeke 
 balle " (Nomenclator, p. 28). 
 
 Large balls of cheeks, taper to chin, 
 From ear to ear she's mouth'd. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 cant. i. p. 13. 
 
 CHEEKY, impudent. 
 
 " You will find, Sir," said Lee, " that these 
 men in this here hut are a rougher lot than 
 you think for ; very like they'S be cheeky." 
 H. Kinysley, Geoft'ry Hamlyn, ch. xxvi. 
 
 " I will say this for you," remarked In- 
 gram slowly, "that you are the cheekiest 
 young beggar I have the pleasure to know." 
 Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xvii. 
 
 CHEESE. See first extract, and so any 
 low curtsey. 
 
 What more reasonable thing could she do 
 than amuse herself with making cheeses ? that 
 ifl, whirling round . . . until the petticoat is 
 
 inflated like a balloon, and then sinking into a 
 curtsey. De Quincey, Autob. Sketches, ch. vi. 
 It was such a deep ceremonial curtsey as 
 you never see at present : she and her sister 
 both made these " cheeses " in compliment to 
 the new-comer, and with much stately agility. 
 Thackeray, Virginians, ch. xxii. 
 
 CHEESE. The cheese = the right or 
 best thing. Cf. CASEINE. Some have 
 thought it a corruption of la chose = the 
 thing. There is, however, an old pro- 
 verb. " After cheese comes nothing " - 
 cheese being the crown and completion 
 of dinner. 
 
 " You look like a prince in it, Mr. Lint," 
 pretty Rachel said, coaxing him with her 
 beady black eyes. " It is the cheese," replied 
 Mr. Lint. Thackeray, Codlinysby. 
 
 CHEESE-TOASTER, a jocular name for 
 a sword. See quotation from Smollett, 
 s. v. FLUSTRATION. Cf. TOASTING-IRON. 
 
 I'll drive my cheese-toaster through his body. 
 Thackeray, The Virginians, ch. x. . 
 
 CHEQUER, to pay in, as into the ex- 
 chequer ; to treasure up. 
 There stayed Wisdom's matcht to nimble 
 
 Wit, 
 And Nature chequers up all gifts of grace. 
 
 Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 32. 
 
 There were some dawniugs of this in the 
 question which was not carried for chequering 
 the disbanding money into the Chamber of 
 London. North, E.vamen, p. 506. 
 
 CHEQUIN, a sequin. The Turkish 
 sequin is worth from six to seven shil- 
 lings ; it appears, however, from the 
 second quotation that coining among 
 the Turks is of late introduction. 
 
 I am sorry to hear of the trick that Sir 
 John Ayres put upon the Company by the 
 box of hail-shot, . . . which he made the world 
 believe to be full of chequins and Turkey 
 gold. Hoicell, Letters, I. iv. 28. 
 
 In Turkey . . the government coins only 
 pence and halfpence, which they call par- 
 raws, for the use of the poor in their 
 markets ; and yet vast sums are paid and 
 received in trade, and dispensed by the 
 government ; but all in foreign money, as 
 dollars, chequeens, pieces of eight, and the 
 like. North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 14. 
 
 CHERMEZ, Coccus ilicis, an insect from 
 which a scarlet dye is procured. 
 There lives the Sea-Oak in a little shell, 
 There grows untill'd the ruddy Cochinel ; 
 And there the Chermez, which on each side 
 
 arms 
 
 With pointed prickles all his precious arms. 
 Sylvester, Eden, 600. 
 
 CHERRY, to redden. 
 Close in her closet, with her best complexions,
 
 CHERR YLET 
 
 CHIFFONIERS 
 
 She mends her face's wrinkle-full defections ; 
 Her cheek she cherries, and her ey she cheers, 
 And faiiis her (fond) a wench of fifteen yeers. 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 122. 
 
 CHERRYLET, little cherry. 
 What fresh Buds of scarlet Rose 
 Are more fragrant sweet then those, 
 Then those Twins thy Strawberry teats, 
 Curled-purled Cherrylets ? 
 
 Sylvester, Ode to Astraa. 
 Then Nature for a sweet allurement setts 
 Two smelling, swelling, bashful cherelettes.' 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 434. 
 
 CHERDBIMIO, pertaining to cherubs : 
 the adjective cherubic formed from the 
 singular is the usual form. 
 So saying, Mr. Robinson he quitted 
 
 With cherubimic smiles and placid brows. 
 Wolcot, Peter Pindar, p. 6. 
 
 CHERDBINS. To be in the cherubins 
 = to be in the clouds ; unsubstantial. 
 
 Diogenes mocking soch quidificall trifles, 
 that were al in the cherubins, said, Sir Plato, 
 your table and your cuppe I see very well, 
 but as for your tabletee and your cupitee I 
 see none soche. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 139. 
 
 CHESHIRE CAT. I have not met with 
 any satisfactory explanation of the 
 phrase. 
 Lo ! like a Cheshire cat our court will grin. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 91. 
 
 Mr. Newcome says to Mr. Pendennis in 
 his droll, humorous way, " That woman grins 
 like a Cheshire cat." Who was the naturalist 
 who first discovered that peculiarity of the 
 cats in Cheshire ? Thackeray, JVewcomes, ch. 
 xxiv. 
 
 CHESIL, chasuble or chesible. See 
 CHASULE. 
 
 How is it meet or comely that those shave- 
 lings with their stoles and chesils should 
 have mere souldiers or richer armour and 
 artillery than we? Fuller, Holy State, Bk. 
 I. ch. xiii. 
 
 CHEST- WORM, angina pectoris (?). 
 
 How then wilt thou bear universal tortures 
 . . . such as of which the pangs of childbirth, 
 burnings of material fire and brimstone, 
 gnawings of chest-icorms, drinks of gall and 
 wormwood, are but shadows ? Ward, Ser- 
 mons, p. 60. 
 
 The approof s and reproofs of it [conscience] 
 are so powerful and terrible, the one cheering 
 more than any cordial, the other gnawing 
 more than any chest-irorm, tormenting worse 
 than hot pincers. Ibid. p. 98. 
 
 CHEVAL-GLASS, a large swing-glass in 
 a frame. 
 
 In the places of business of the great 
 tailors, the cheval-glasses are dim and dusty 
 
 for lack of being looked into. Dickens, Un- 
 commercial Traveller, xvi. 
 
 CHICANEUR, a dishonest or shifty 
 man. An attempt has been made to 
 introduce this word in an English form, 
 and chicaner is used by Locke and 
 Burke, but it cannot be said to be 
 naturalized. 
 
 His lordship was sensible of the prodigious 
 injustice and iniquitable torment inflicted 
 upon suitors by vexatious and false adver- 
 saries, assisted by the knavish confederating 
 oificers, and other chicaneurs that belong to 
 the court. North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 
 73. 
 
 CHICKEN. To be no chicken = to be 
 old. 
 
 Then, Cloe, still go on to prate 
 
 Of thirty-six and thirty-eight ; 
 
 Pursue your trade of scandal picking, 
 
 Your hints that Stella is no chicken. 
 
 Swift, Stella's Birthday, 1720. 
 
 I swear she's no chicken ; she's on the 
 wrong side of thirty if she be a day. Ibid., 
 Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 CHICKEN-PECKED, under the rule of a 
 child, as hen-pecked = under the rule 
 of a woman. 
 
 What am I the better for burying a jealous 
 wife ? To be chicken-peck' d is a new perse- 
 cution more provoking than the old one. 
 Burgoyne, The Heiress, Act III. sc. i. 
 
 CHICKEN STAKE, a small stake. 
 
 These dignified personages seem to have 
 played for what would not at present be 
 called a chicken stake. Archaol., viii. 133 
 (1787). 
 
 CHIEFKRY, body of chiefs. 
 
 Much about this time, he, together with 
 the chiefery or greatest men of Ulster, by 
 secret parties combined in an association 
 that they would defend the Romish religion. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 123. 
 
 CHIEFLET, a petty chief. 
 
 The Chief or chiejlet . . came out and inter- 
 changed a few words of masonic laconism 
 with Salem. W. G. Palgrave, Arabia, i. 22 
 (1865). 
 
 CHIEFNESS, superiority. 
 
 Some have said that the first in the seni- 
 oritie of admition was accounted the princi- 
 pall ; but . . . their chiefnesse was penes Eegis 
 arbitrium. Fuller, Worthies, ch. vi. 
 
 CHIFFONIERE, a cupboard (etymolo- 
 gically where rags may be stowed away, 
 but usually applied to an ornamental 
 cupboard in a drawing-room). A French 
 word, but naturalized. 
 
 Adele was leading me by the hand round
 
 CHILD 
 
 ( 
 
 CHIPEENER 
 
 the room, showing me the beautiful books 
 and ornaments on the consoles and chiffon- 
 ieres. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xiii. 
 
 The box was found at last under a chiffon- 
 ier. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 CHILD. To be with child is used for 
 being eager or longing for anything. 
 
 I sent my boy, who, like myself, is with 
 child to see any strange thing. Pepys, May 
 14, 1660. 
 
 I went to my lord and saw his picture, 
 very well done, and am vrith child till I get it 
 copied ovA.IMd. Oct. 9, 1660. 
 
 I am with child to hear what it was he said 
 (" Aveo scire quid dixerit "). Bailey's Eras- 
 mus, p. 355. 
 
 CHILDKIND, children spoken of col- 
 lectively. 
 
 During the Carnival all mankind, woman- 
 kind, and childkind think it not unbecoming 
 to play the fool. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, 
 Pt. II. ch. vii. 
 
 CHILDLY, in a child-like manner. R., 
 L., and H. give the word as an adjective, 
 with reference to Gower, Lydgate, and 
 Hoccleve respectively. Latimer used 
 it later on (i. 537) : " a childly love." 
 In the extract it is an adverb. 
 
 Then she smiled around right childly, then 
 she gazed around right queenly. Mrs. 
 Browning, Lady Geraldine's Courtship. 
 
 CHILDSHIP, relationship as a child. 
 
 Concluding Christ as the first effect of 
 God's ordination, a mediator, in some sort of 
 God's actual choice, and our potential child- 
 ship. Adams, iii. 101. 
 
 CHILD'S PART, portion of inheritance 
 pertaining to a child. 
 
 A hospital] which one of the said sisters 
 built and enriched with her own patrimony 
 and child's part. Holland's Camden, p. 574. 
 
 CHILL-COLD, icy cold. 
 
 A chill-cold Bloud (still flowing from Dismay) 
 Fleets through my veines. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 49. 
 
 CHIM-CHAM, crooked ; awkward. In 
 all the examples in the Diets, the word 
 is kim-kam ; but see L. , s. v. cam. 
 
 The reason of all this chim-cham stuff is 
 the ridiculous undertaking of the author to 
 prove Oates's plot (before he comes at it) out 
 of Coleman's papers, that are nothing to the 
 purpose. North, Examen, p. 151. 
 
 CHIN, to put chin to chin, and so to 
 embrace. 
 
 She shewed me a troupe of faire ladies, 
 every one her lover colling and kissing, chin- 
 ning and embracing, and looking babies in 
 one another's eyes. Breton, Dreanie of 
 Strange Effects, p. 17. 
 
 CHINCLOTH, a muffler or band round 
 the chin. The Diets, have chinclout. 
 
 Upon the head they put a cap, which they 
 fasten with ju very broad chincloth. Misson, 
 Travels in Eng., p. 90. 
 
 CHIN-CUSHION, a name given to cra- 
 vats which were puffed out under the 
 chin. See extract, s. v. BID AND BEADS. 
 
 CHINK, to chuckle. 
 
 He chinked and crowed with laughing 
 delight. Mrs. Gaskell, Ruth, ch. 18. 
 
 CHINK, the sound of the grasshopper. 
 
 Because half a dozen grasshoppers under a 
 fern make the field ring with their importu- 
 nate chink, whilst thousands of great cattle 
 reposed beneath the shadow of the British 
 oak, chew the cud, and are silent, pray do 
 not imagine that those who make the noise 
 are the only inhabitants of the field. Burke, 
 Fr. Revolution, p. 68. 
 
 CHINK, fit or burst (of laughter). 
 
 My lord and lady took such a chink of 
 laughing that it was some time before they 
 could recover. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 35. 
 
 His kind face was all agape with broad 
 smiles, and the boys around him were in 
 chinks of laughing. Mrs. Gaskell, Cranford, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 CHINKERS, money ; coins. 
 Are men like us to be entrapp'd and sold 
 And see no money down, Sir Hurly-Burly? 
 "We're vile crossbow-men, and a knight are 
 
 you, 
 
 But steel is steel, and flesh is still but flesh, 
 So let us see your chinkers. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Artevelde, Pt. II. iii. 1. 
 
 CHIP, tasteless. See next entry. 
 
 His appetite was gone, and cookeries were 
 provided in order to tempt his palate, but all 
 was chip. North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 
 205. 
 
 CHIP IN PORRIDGE. See second ex- 
 tract ; also preceding word. 
 
 If Porridge were my only cheer, 
 
 Thy Praise or Blame must both appear 
 Two tasteless chips thrown in't. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 5. 
 
 The Burials Bill . . will be passed if 
 passed at all because it is thought by the 
 majority to resemble the proverbial chip in 
 porridge, which does neither good nor harm. 
 Church Times, June 25, 1880. 
 
 CHIPEENER, a high-heeled shoe. See 
 N., s. v. chioppine, who gives several 
 forms of the word, but not this. 
 
 I do not love to endanger my back with 
 stooping so low ; if you would wear chipeen- 
 ers, much might be done. Revenge ; or, A 
 Match in Newgate, Act III.
 
 CHIQUANCERY ( 119 ) 
 
 CHOOSE 
 
 CHIQUANCERV, chicanery. 
 
 I shall not advise this honourable house to 
 use any chiqiiancery or pettifoggery. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 151. 
 
 CHIROGRAPHOSOPHIC, a judge of hand- 
 writing. 
 
 " But what sort of handwriting was it ? " 
 asked I, almost disregarding the welcome 
 coin. " Ou then aiblins a man's, aiblins a 
 maid's: he was no chiroyraphosophic himsel'." 
 C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xxiv. 
 
 CHIROMACHY, a hand-to-hand fight. 
 
 Things came to dreadful Chiromachies, such 
 scufflings and fightings with hands and arms 
 of flesh. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 544. 
 
 CHISELMANSHIP, carving or sculpture 
 of an unartistic sort. Mr. Peacock 
 tells me that he got the word out of 
 one or other of Mr. Ruskin's books. 
 
 No climbing plant was permitted to defile 
 this elaborate piece of chiselmanship. Pea- 
 cock, Ealf Skirland, i. 86 (1870). 
 
 CHIT, to chirp. N. has chitler. 
 He soars like an eagle, not respecting the 
 chitting of sparrows. Ward, Sermons, p. 108. 
 
 CHITTERLING, a little chit, or child. 
 For Theseus, like a boist'rous Suiter, 
 To spirit her away made bold, 
 When she was but poor ten years old, 
 A little snotty chitterling, 
 But now she's quite another thing. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 268. 
 
 CHITTES. See extract. 
 
 Lenticula is a poultz called chittes, whiche 
 (because wee here in England haue not in 
 vse to eate) I translate peason. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 101. 
 
 CHIVALRESQUE, pertaining to chivalry. 
 Godwin uses it as a French word, ital- 
 icizing it. 
 
 His misanthropy, therefore, had a strange 
 mixture in it of the gallant and the chevale- 
 resque. Godwin, Mandeville, ii. 71. 
 
 His account of the Duke of "Wellington 
 might almost have seemed an exaggerated 
 panegyric, if it had painted some warrior in 
 a chivalresque romance. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, vii. 169. 
 
 CHIVY, to chase (slang). 
 
 I've been a chivied and a chivied, fust by 
 one on you and nixt by another on you, till 
 I'm worritted to skins and bones. Dickens, 
 Bleak House, ch. xlvi. 
 
 CHOCK, quite. Chock full is common 
 = quite full, or choke full. 
 
 I drew a shaft 
 Chock to the steel. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. iii. 1. 
 
 CHOICE-FULL, offering plenty of 
 choice. 
 
 For costly toys, silk stockings, cambrick, 
 
 lawn, 
 Heer's choice-full plenty. 
 
 Sylvester, The Colonies, p. 681. 
 
 CHOIRED, assembled in choir. 
 Then, his eye wild ardours glancing, 
 From the choired gods advancing, 
 The Spirit of the Earth made reverence meet. 
 Coleridge, To the Departing Year. 
 
 CHOISED, selected ; chosen. 
 Choised seede to be picked and trimly well 
 
 fide, 
 For seede may no longer from threshing 
 
 abide. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 133. 
 
 CHOKE-BAIL, a choke-bail action = 
 one in which bail was not admissible ? 
 
 Bailiff. We arrest you in the King's name, 
 at the suit of Mr. Freeman, guardian to Jere- 
 miah Blackacre, Esquire, in an action of ten 
 thousand pounds. 
 
 Widow. How ? how ? in a chokebail action. 
 Wycherley, Plain Dealer, v. 3. 
 
 CHOKEY, causing to choke ; also in- 
 clined to choke, as 'one who is ready to 
 cry. 
 
 It is the Heart but not the core of Eng- 
 land, having nothing course or choaky therein. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Warwick (ii. 402). 
 
 The allusion to his mother made Tom feel 
 rather chokey. Hughes, Tom Brown's School 
 Days, Pt. I. ch. iv. 
 
 CHOOSE, as you like ; an expression 
 of indifference. 
 
 Boy. They will trust you for no more 
 drink. 
 
 Mer. Will they not? let 'em choose. 
 Beaum. and Fl., Knight of B. Pestle, iv. 5. 
 
 Nev. Miss, Pray be so kind to call a serv- 
 ant to bring me a glass of small beer : I know 
 you are at home here. 
 
 Miss. Every fool can do as they're bid: 
 make a page of your own age, aud do it 
 yourself. 
 
 Nev. Chuse, proud fool ; I did but ask you. 
 Smft, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 Nev. Miss, shall I help you to a pigeon? . . . 
 
 Miss. No, Sir, I thank you. 
 
 Nov.. Why then you may chuse. 
 
 Ibid. (Conv. ii.). 
 
 CHOOSE. To choose = by choice. 
 
 The sluggard saith, There is a lion in the 
 way, and then he steppeth backward, aud 
 keepeth aloof off. But the worthy magis- 
 trate would meet with such a lion, to choose, 
 that he might win awe to God's ordinance, 
 and make the way passable for others, by 
 tearing such a beast in pieces. Sanderson, 
 ii. 260.
 
 CHOP 
 
 ( 120 ) CHREMATISTIC 
 
 The Scots, to clutse, prefer a monarchy be- 
 fore any other government, so they may 
 govern their monarch. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 222. 
 
 Widow. Wilt thou choose him for guardian, 
 whom I refuse for husband ? 
 
 Jerry. Ay, to choose, I thank you. Wych- 
 erley, Plain Dealer, iv. 1. 
 
 Ben. One of two things I must choose 
 either to be a lord or a beggar. 
 
 Mrs. M. Be a lord to choose though I 
 have known some that have chosen both. 
 Farquhar, Twin Rivals, ii. 2. 
 
 " Oh then," said Miss Darnford, " pray let 
 us hear it, to choose." Richardson, Pamela, 
 ii. 136. 
 
 CHOP, an exchange. 
 
 The Duke had made it his humble request, 
 and drew on the King hardly to make a 
 chop with those demeasues. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 187. 
 
 Cnor. First chop = first-rate. A 
 slang expression, which seems to come 
 from the Anglo-Chinese, in which lan- 
 guage chop is a word of very varied 
 meaning. 
 
 " As for poetry, I hate poetry." " Pen's 
 is not first chop," says Warrington.- Thack- 
 eray, The Newcomes, ch. iv. 
 
 You like to be master, there's no denying 
 that ; you must be first chop in heaven, else 
 you won't like it much. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. xiii. 
 
 CHOP. At the first chop = imme- 
 diately, or, as we say, at a blow. 
 
 Let them look on God's word, and compare 
 their judgment with the Scripture, and see 
 whether it be right or no, and not believe 
 them at the first chop, whatever they say. 
 Tyndale, i. 241. 
 
 While Philippus in the daye time toke his 
 reste and slepe, a sorte of the Grekes (whiche 
 had in a great nombre assembled about his 
 doore) toke peper in the nose, and spake 
 many wordes of reproch by the King, for 
 that by reason of his slugging they might 
 not at the first chop be brought to his speche. 
 UdaVs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 199. 
 
 CHOPLOGE, chopper of logic, and so, 
 sharp answerer. 
 
 Mei-y. Well, dame distance, if he heare 
 you thus play choplorje ; 
 
 Oust. What will he ? 
 
 Mery. Play the deuill in the horologe. 
 Udal, Roister-Doisler, iii. 2. 
 
 He . . with lacke of vitailles brought those 
 choploi/es or greate pratlers as lowe as dogge 
 to the bow. Ibid., Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 250. 
 
 CHOP-LOGIC, argument. 
 
 Cloth-Breeches, as breefe as he was proud 
 swore by the pike of his staffe that his chop- 
 
 loyicke was not worth a pinne, and that he 
 would turne his own weapon into his bosome. 
 Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier (Harl. 
 Misc., v. 399). 
 
 Your chop-locjike hath no great subtilty, 
 for simply you reason of foysting, and ap- 
 propriate that to yourselves (to you men I 
 mean) as though there were not women- 
 foysts and nips as neate in that trade as 
 you. Ibid., Theeves Falling Out (Ibid. viii. 
 385). 
 
 CHOPOLOGICAL, a contemptuous and 
 ludicrous substitute for tropological. 
 Cf. CRAZIOLOGIST, FUTILITARIAN. 
 
 So, say they, the literal sense killeth, and 
 the spiritual sense giveth life. We must 
 therefore, say they, seek out some chopoloyi- 
 cal sense. Tyndale, i. 308. 
 
 CHOPPIMOR, same as chipeener, q. v. ? 
 
 Which judges, upon every encounter, gave 
 reward to the best deserver, as scarfs, gloves, 
 choppimors, ribbons, and such like. Journey 
 of E. of Nottingham, 1605 (Harl. Misc., iii. 
 433). 
 
 CHORIC, like or belonging to a chorus 
 (in a Greek tragedy). 
 
 He painted to himself what were Dorothea's 
 inward sorrows, as if he had been writing a 
 choric wail. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. 
 xxxvii. 
 
 CHORUS, to speak together ; to join 
 in chorus. 
 
 Let ev'ry song be chorust with his name ; 
 And music pay her tribute to his fame. 
 
 Defoe, True-Born Englishman, Pt. II. 
 
 Then they all chorus'd upon me " Such a 
 character as Miss Harlowe's," cried one " A 
 lady of so much generosity and good sense," 
 another. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 228. 
 
 CHOUSE, to cheat. De Quincey pro- 
 poses a curious etymology for this 
 word. See extract s. v. JOWSER. The 
 correct derivation is given in the Diets. 
 
 CHOWDER. The Imp. Diet, says : 
 " In New England, a dish of fish boiled 
 with biscuit, &c. In Spanish, chode is 
 a paste made with milk, eggs, sugar, 
 and flour. In the West of England 
 chowder-beer is a liquor made by boil- 
 ing black spruce in water, and mixing 
 with it molasses." It is probably the 
 last that is referred to in the extract. 
 
 My head sings and simmers like a pot of 
 chowder. Smollett, L. Greaves, ch. xvii. 
 
 CHREMATISTIC. "The art of getting 
 wealth is so called by Aristotle in his 
 Polities'" (note by Fielding in loc.). 
 See L. s. v. chrematistics.
 
 CHRESTOMATHIC ( 121 ) 
 
 CHUCKLE 
 
 I am not the least versed in the chre- 
 matistic art, as an old friend of mine called 
 it. I know not how to get a shilling, nor 
 how to keep it in my pocket if I had it. 
 Fielding, Amelia, Bk. IX. ch. v. 
 
 CHRESTOMATHIC, learning good things. 
 
 The second belongs to a science which 
 Jeremy, the thrice illustrious Bentham, calls 
 Phthisozoics, or the art of destruction ap- 
 plied to noxious animals, a science which 
 the said Jeremy proposes should form part 
 of the course of studies in his Chrestomathic 
 school. Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxxviii. 
 
 CHRIST-CROSS-ROW TO MALACHI. Was 
 there some primer beginning with the 
 alphabet, and ending with a list of the 
 Old Testament books ? 
 
 Five years with a bib under his chin ; four 
 years in travelling from Christ-cross-row to 
 Malachi. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iv. 133. 
 
 CHRISTDOM, the rule of Christ " whose 
 service is perfect freedom." 
 They know the grief of men without its 
 
 wisdom ; 
 They sink in man's despair without its 
 
 calm ; 
 
 Are slaves without the liberty in Cliristdom, 
 Are martyrs, by the pang without the palm. 
 Mrs. Browning, Cry of the Children. 
 
 CHRISTED. Made one with Christ is, 
 I suppose, the meaning. Gauden says 
 that the sectaries amused the silly vul- 
 gar " with their new notions and strange 
 expressions of being Godded with God, 
 Christed with Christ, Spirited with the 
 Spirit, and the like affectations " (Tears 
 of the Church,?. 196). 
 
 CHRISTENTEE, Christendom. 
 
 Would God this same word might not be 
 without a lye saide of some publique officers 
 of Christentee, by whome sometimes is trussed 
 vp and hanged on the galoes a poore sely 
 soule that hath percase pielfed away tenne 
 grotes, where theimselfes by great pielage 
 ... do growe daily and encrease in welth 
 and richesse, no manne saying blacke is their 
 eyen. UdaVs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 118. 
 
 CHRISTIANIZE, to adopt in part the 
 Christian religion. This neuter sense 
 of the verb L. notes as rare, but gives 
 no example. 
 
 Prester John (though part he Judaize) 
 Doth in some sort devoutly Christianize. 
 
 Sylvester, Colonies, 379. 
 
 CHRISTLE, to cry. 
 
 " And I've seed mun do what few has ; 
 I've seed mun christle like any child.'' 
 " What ! cry ? " said Amyas ; " I shouldn't 
 have thought there was much cry in him." 
 C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xxx. 
 
 CHROMOLITHIC (Gr. xp&pa, colour ; 
 Xi'Oof. stone). See extract. 
 
 An impression of a drawing on stone, 
 printed at Paris in colours, by the process 
 termed Chromolithic. Proc. of Soc. of Antiq., 
 i. 22 (1844). 
 
 CHRONICLER, to chronicle. 
 
 Take the original thereof out of an ano- 
 nymal cronicleriny manuscript. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Lincoln (ii. 9). 
 
 CHRYSELEPHANTINE, formed of gold 
 and ivory. 
 
 She stood motionless, gazing upon the sky, 
 like some exquisite chryselephantine statue, 
 all ivory and gold. C. Kinysley, Hypatia, ch. 
 ix. 
 
 CHRYSOCOLL, carbonate of copper (Gr. 
 xpuffoe icoXXa), as found with or adhering 
 to gold. 
 Now as with Gold grows in the self-same 
 
 Mine 
 
 Much Chrysocholle, and also Silver fine, 
 So supreme Honour and Wealth (matcht by 
 
 none) 
 Second the Wisdom of great Salomon. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 601. 
 
 CHUBBED, chub-faced ; fat. 
 
 Young Skinker, eldest son to a wealthy 
 squire, a chubbed unlucky boy, about the age 
 of Lord Richard, put one band within the 
 other, and desired Harry to strike thereon. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 22. 
 
 CHUCK, to throw. 
 Yes, faith, as I've a soul to save, 
 I will for nothing dig her grave ; 
 Yes, I would do it too as willing 
 As if her hand had chucked a shilling. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. i. 
 Her toilet was simple. She had merely to 
 " chuck " her bonnet and shawl upon the bed. 
 Dickens, Chuzzleurit, ch. xlix. 
 Opinions gold or brass are null. 
 We chuck our flattery or abuse 
 Called Caesar's due, as Charon's dues, 
 I' the teeth of some dead sage or fool, 
 To mend the grinning of a skull. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, " Died." 
 
 CHUCK-FARTHING, trifling. 
 
 Two neighbouring sovereigns were at war 
 together about some pitiful chuck- farthing 
 thing or other. Richardson, Cl. Harloice, iv. 
 340. 
 
 CHUCKLE. Chuckle chin = double 
 chin. 
 
 The dewlaps from his chuckle chin 
 That had with gorging pampered been. 
 
 D'Urfey, Athenian Jilt. 
 
 CHUCKLE, to mix, throw together. 
 Between eight and nine in comes my lady's
 
 CHUCKLEHEAD ( 122 ) 
 
 CICHPEASE 
 
 woman to range in order and method all the 
 little trinkets of the toilet. She chuckles to- 
 gether a whole covy of essences and per- 
 fumes. Gentleman Instructed, p. 117. 
 
 CHDCKLEUEAD, a fool. 
 
 Is not he much handsomer and better 
 built than that great chucklehead. Smollett, 
 Rod. Random, ch. iii. 
 
 CHUFFINESS, churlishness ; morose 
 clownishness. 
 
 In spite of the chujfiness of his appearance 
 and churlishness of his speech, this wag- 
 goner's bosom being " made of penetrable 
 stuff," he determined to let the gentleman 
 pass. Miss Edaeicorth, Absentee, ch. xvi. 
 
 CHUM, properly a chamber-fellow, 
 and so an intimate friend. 
 
 As it was plain that the person who had 
 robbed him had possessed himself of his key, 
 he had no doubt, when he first missed his 
 money, but that his chum was certainly the 
 thief. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VIII. ch. xi. 
 
 CHUMP-END, thick end : usually ap- 
 plied to the thick end of a joint of meat. 
 
 Biddy . . . distributed three defaced bibles 
 (shaped as if they had been unskilfully cut 
 off the chump-end of something),more illegibly 
 printed at the best than any curiosities of 
 literature I have since met with. Dickens, 
 Great Expectations, ch. x. 
 
 CHUMPISH, sullen ; ill-tempered. 
 He made the simple wench his wrath abide ; 
 With chumpish looks, hard words, and secret 
 
 nips, 
 Grumbling at her when she his kindness 
 
 sought. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 391. 
 
 CHURCH. This verb is only used 
 now in regard to a woman returning 
 public thanks after childbirth ; she is 
 then said to be churched, and the offici- 
 ating clergyman is said to church her ; 
 but Gauden, speaking of the schisms 
 made by sectaries, calls them " strange 
 methods of new churching men and 
 women " (Tears of the Church, p. 39). 
 
 CIENT, scion. Did this spelling come 
 from a)i idea that the word was derived 
 from Lat. ciens, moving, and so shooting 
 forth ? 
 
 He had a numerous and beautiful female 
 kindred, so that there was hardly a noble 
 stock in England into which one of these his 
 dents was not grafted. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Leicester (i. 567). 
 
 CHURCHLKSS, without a Church. 
 
 I confess no such place as Trekingham 
 appeareth at this day in any Catalogue of 
 English Towns ; whence I conclude it a Parish 
 some years since depopulated, or never but a 
 
 Churchlesse Village. Fuller, Worthies, Lin- 
 coln (ii. 19). 
 
 CHURCHLET, little church. 
 
 I shall not need to instance in the many 
 defects . . incident to these (Ecclesiolte and 
 Conyreyatiuncula) little Churchlets and scat- 
 tered Conventicles. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 32. 
 
 CHURCHLY, ecclesiastical. The 
 proeme from which the extract is taken 
 is written with a jocose affectation of 
 archaism. 
 
 Diverse grave points also hath he handled 
 of churchly matters, and doubts in religion 
 daily arising, to great clerks only apper- 
 taining. Gay, Proeme to Shepherd's Week. 
 
 CHURCHSCOT, payment due to the 
 Church. 
 
 [Knute] also charges them to see all 
 Churchscot and Romescot fully cleered before 
 his returne. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 18. 
 
 CHURL, to grudge. 
 
 A traveller coming into a certain house 
 desired some meat : the mistress being some 
 thing nice and backward to give him victuals, 
 " You need not," says he, " churle me in a 
 piece of meat." Aubrey, Miscellanies,p.l82. 
 
 CHURN-BOOTS, boots like a churn in 
 shape. In H alii well's Nursery Rhymes 
 of England, No. 477, one couplet runs 
 " She churns her butter in a boot, 
 
 And instead of a churn-staff she puts in 
 
 her foot." 
 
 There is also a Scotch song to the same 
 effect. 
 
 Here is the sleeping hamlet of Bondy: 
 chaise with waiting-women ; horses all ready, 
 and postilions with their churn-boots im- 
 patient to be gone. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 
 II. Bk. IV. ch. iii. 
 
 CHURN-STAFF, the stick or pole used 
 in churning. See extracts, s. w. CHURN- 
 BOOT, PANDOLA. 
 
 CHYME, to extract by chemical pro- 
 cess. 
 
 What antidote against the terror of con- 
 science can be chymed from gold? Adams, 
 i. 153. 
 
 CICATRINE, scarring ? 
 
 'Tis not like thy aloe, cicatrine tongue 
 bitter: no, 'tis no stabber, but like thy 
 goodly and glorious nose, blunt, blunt, blunt. 
 Dekker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, Eng. Dr. 
 
 III. 170). 
 
 CICHPEASE, dwarf pea or vetch. See 
 L., s. v. chich; and extract, s. v. FENU- 
 GREEK.
 
 CIDER-AND 
 
 ( 123 ) CIRC UMAMB AGIO US 
 
 A certain dapper fellow . . did before the 
 kings presence, cast or throw a kind of smal 
 pulse, called a Cichpease, through a needles 
 eye. Touchstone of Complexions, Preface. 
 
 CIDER-AND, cider mixed with spirits 
 or some other ingredient. Cf. HOT 
 
 WITH, COLD WITHOUT. 
 
 Barnabas, the surgeon, and an exciseman 
 were smoking their pipes over some cider- 
 and. Fielding, Jos. Andrews, Bk. I. ch. xvi. 
 
 CIGARETTE, diminutive of cigar ; mild 
 tobacco rolled in paper. 
 
 If you forgive me we shall celebrate our 
 reconciliation in a cigarette. Black, Princess 
 of Thule, ch. x. 
 
 CILICE, hair-cloth. Sir T. Browne has 
 the adj. cilicious. 
 
 "We have heard so much of monks . . . 
 with their shaven crowns, ~b&\r-cilices, and 
 vows of poverty. Carfyle, Fast and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch.i. 
 
 CINQUE AND QUATRE, one who has 
 entered his fiftieth year. See H., s. v. 
 cincater. 
 
 (Prometheus.) 
 
 Oh Jupiter, I'm glad to see thee, 
 And now thou'rt here, take pity, prithee, 
 Upon a poor old Cinque and Quater, 
 Had paid for playing the Creator. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 173. 
 
 CINQUE AND SICE. The phrase in the 
 extract seems to mean being fearless or 
 desperate ; the idea perhaps being that 
 of a player who counts on having the 
 highest throws of the dice. Caius in 
 his Essay on Eng. Dogs, transl. by 
 Fleming, 1576, says that our country- 
 men love mastiffs " for their careless- 
 ness of life, setting all at cinque and 
 sice" {Eng. Garner, iii. 253). 
 
 CINQUE-OUTPOSTS, the five senses. 
 
 I was fallen soundly asleep; the cinque- 
 out-posts were shut up closer than usually, 
 and my senses so treble-locked, that the 
 moon, had she descended from her watery 
 orb, might have done much more to me than 
 she did to Endymion. A Winter Dream, 
 1649 (Harl. Misc., vii. 203). 
 
 I had fallen into so sound a sleep, as if the 
 cinq-posts (my five outward senses) had been 
 trebly lockt up. Ho well, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 32. 
 
 CIPER, cypress. 
 
 A ciper by the churche seat abydeth 
 
 By oure old progeuiotours long tyme de- 
 
 voutJye regarded. Stanyhurst, ^n., ii. 740. 
 
 CIPHERS, shorthand. Cf. CHARACTER. 
 His speeches were much heeded, and taken 
 
 by divers in ciphers. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 82. 
 
 CIRCUITEER, to go circuit ; also, one 
 who does so. L. has the noun, which 
 is sometimes spelt circuiter. 
 
 Here we drop our circuiteer ; which charac- 
 ter lasted till his lordship was made solicitor- 
 general. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 92. 
 But now to return to his lordship, and his 
 circuiteering. Ibid. i. 261. 
 
 Those infinitely grander Drudges, 
 The big-wigg'd circuiteering Judges. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 125. 
 
 CIRCUITY. L. defines this, " tendency 
 to assume a circular form," and this 
 definition accords with the use of the 
 word in the extract that he gives, but 
 the word has other meanings, though 
 all of course having in them the idea 
 of something circular. Thus in Udal 
 it = extent or round ; in Andrewes it = 
 beating about the bush. 
 
 Alexander . . . conferred vnto the same 
 besides his owne former royalme a dominion 
 of muche more large and ample circuitee then 
 the same whiche he was Lorde of before. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 220. 
 
 Very clear it is, the prophecy, without all 
 circuity, noting, naming, and in a manner 
 pointing to it. Andrewes, i. 157. 
 
 CIRCULARNESS, roundness, circularity. 
 
 In forme, at the first view, in a mass, it 
 doth pretend to some Circularness. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Warwick (ii. 402). 
 
 CIRCULATOR, a juggler, one who goes 
 round showing tricks. 
 
 I could never yet esteem these vapouring 
 Seraphicks, these new Gnosticks, to be other 
 than a kind of Gipsy- Christians, or a race 
 of Circulators, Tumblers, and Taylers in the 
 Church. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 200. 
 
 CIRCULIZE, to encircle. 
 It was vnsow'd, and made with buttons fast 
 Of orient pearle of admirable size 
 "Which loopes of azur'd silk did circulize. 
 
 Davies, A n Extasie, p. 90. 
 Mother of pearle their sides shal circulize. 
 Ibid. p. 93. 
 
 CIRCUMAMBAGES, indirectnesses, beat- 
 ings about the bush. 
 
 From you I shall not meet with . . . the de- 
 preciating indifferences, the affected slights, 
 the female circumamhages, if I may be allowed 
 the words. Ricliardson, Grandison, iii. 165. 
 
 CIRCUMAMBAGIOUS, round about, not 
 keeping to the point. 
 
 Reader, thou mayest have thought me at 
 times disposed to be circumambagimis in my 
 manner of narration. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. xl.
 
 CIRCUMBIND ( 124 ) 
 
 CIVETED 
 
 CIRCUMBIND, to bind round. 
 The fringe that circumtrinds it too 
 Is spangle-work of trembling dew. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 96. 
 
 CIRCUM-CROSS, to mark round with a 
 cross : in shaking hands a sort of rude 
 cross is formed. 
 
 I am holy while I stand 
 Circum-crost by thy pure hand ; 
 But when that is gone, again 
 I, as others, am profaue. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 243. 
 
 CIRCUMFERENT, surrounding. 
 As this is soft and pliant to your arme 
 In a circumferent flexure, so will I 
 Be tender of your welfare and yonr will. 
 Chapman, Gentleman Usher, Act IV. 
 
 CIRCUMGYRATORY, revolving. 
 
 That functionary, however, had not failed 
 during his circumgyratory movements, to 
 bestow a thought upon the important object 
 of securing the epistle. E. A. Poe, Hans 
 Pfaal (i. 5). 
 
 CIRCUMJACENCIES, suburbs. 
 
 All the mongrel curs of the circumjacencies 
 yelp, yelp, yelp, at their heels, completing 
 the horrid chorus. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 iv. 16. 
 
 CIRCUM-MORTAL, surrounded by mor- 
 tality. 
 I've paid thee what I promis'd ; that's not 
 
 all; 
 
 Besides I give thee here a verse that shall 
 ( When hence thy circum-mortall part is gone) 
 Arch-like hold up thy name's inscription. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 179. 
 
 CIRCUMROUNDABOUT, a beating about 
 the bush (a tautologous hybrid). 
 
 You must now come with your hums and 
 your haws, and the whole circumroundabouts 
 of female nonsense, to stave off the point 
 your hearts and souls are set upon. Richard- 
 son, Grandison, vi. 155. 
 
 CIRCDMSCRIPTIBLE, capable of being 
 confined or limited. Cf. incomprehen- 
 sible in Ath. Creed. 
 
 He that sits on high and never sleeps, 
 Nor in one place is circumscriptiMe. 
 
 Marlowe, 2 Tamtrurlaine, ii. 2. 
 
 CIRCUMSPACIOUS, large in circumfer- 
 ence. 
 
 When Cato the severe 
 Eutred the circumspacious theater ; 
 In reverence of his person, every one 
 Stood as he had been turn'd from flesh to 
 stone. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 323. 
 
 CIROUMSPANGLE, to surround with 
 spangles ; to illumine. 
 
 I've travail'd all this realm throughout 
 To seeke and find some few immortals out 
 To circumspanyle this my spacious sphere, 
 (As lamps for everlasting shining here). 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 286. 
 
 CIRCUMSTANT, one standing round ; 
 a spectator. 
 
 Apollo's curse 
 Blast these-like actions, or a thing that's 
 
 worse, 
 
 When these circumstants shall but live to see 
 The time that I prevaricate from thee. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 82. 
 
 CIRCUMSTIPATED, surrounded. 
 
 He was well lodged at Whitehall, pen- 
 sioned, and circumstipated with his guards. 
 North, Examen, p. 223. 
 
 CIRQUE-COUCHANT, lying coiled up. 
 Until he found a palpitating snake, 
 Bright, and cirque-couchant in a dusky brake. 
 Keats, Lamia. 
 
 CITHERON, a cittern or guitar. 
 
 Others who more delighted to write songs 
 or ballads of pleasure, to be sung with the 
 voice, and to the harpe, lute, or citheron, and 
 such other musical instruments, they were 
 called melodious poets. Puttenham, Eny. 
 Poesie, Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 CITIZENRY, townspeople. 
 
 He . . sided with the magistracy, not with 
 the citizenry. Taylor, Survey of Germ. 
 Poetry, i. 185. 
 
 No Spanish soldiery nor citizenry showed 
 the least disposition to join him. Carlyle, 
 Life of Sterling, ch. xiii. 
 
 CITRON, a liquor distilled with the 
 rinds of citrons : it is also called citron- 
 water. 
 Now deep in Taylor and the books of 
 
 martyrs, 
 
 Now drinking citron with his Grace and 
 Charteris. 
 
 Misc. by Swift,^ Pope, and 
 Arbuthnot, iv. 222. 
 
 ClTYNESS, political matter. Gr. iroXic, 
 = city or state, iro\irtia. 
 
 They take exception at the very Title 
 thereof, " Ecclesiastical Politic," as if un- 
 equally yoked ; Church with some mixture of 
 Citynesse. Fuller, Worthies, Devon (i. 290). 
 
 CIVANTICK. Cervantic ? 
 
 I heard Jervas Fulwood, now their chap- 
 lain, preach a very good and civantick kind 
 of sermon, too good for an ordinary congre- 
 gation. Pepys, May 24, 1668. 
 
 CIVETED, perfumed.' 
 
 Fops at all corners, ladylike in mien, 
 
 Civtted fellows, smelt ere they are seen. 
 
 Cowper, Tirocinium, 830.
 
 CIVILITY 
 
 CLARET 
 
 CIVILITY, a civil office. 
 
 What an enormity is this in a christiaa 
 realm, to serve in a civility, having the profit 
 of a provostship, and a deanery, and a parson- 
 age. Latimer, i. 122. 
 
 CIVILIZE, to behave with decency. 
 I civilize, lest that I seem obscoene, 
 But Lord (Thou know'st) I am vnchaste, 
 
 vnclean. 
 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, p. 1100. 
 
 CLACK, punctually ; exactly. 
 
 The only infelicity of the whole matter is, 
 as I said, that the money was not got ; if that 
 had fallen in clack, the King had compleated 
 a negotiation of as great difficulty, and with- 
 al utility for the people of England as had 
 been done in any King's reign. North, Ex- 
 a<nen, p. 535. 
 
 CLAD, to clothe. 
 
 The lamenting of deathes was chiefly at the 
 very burialls of the dead, . . . which was done 
 not onely by cladding the mourners their 
 f riendes and seruauutes in blacke vestures of 
 shape dolefull and sad, but also by wofull 
 countenaunces and voyces, and besides by 
 poeticall mournings in verse. Puttenham, 
 Eny, Poesie, Bk. I. ch. xxiv. 
 
 What, shall I clad me like a country maid ? 
 Greene, James IV., iii. 3. 
 
 The inlanders . . . live of milke and flesh, 
 and clad themselves in skins. Holland's 
 Caniden, p. 29. 
 
 CLAIK-GEESE, s. = barnacles. See 
 BAR-GEESE. 
 
 Concerning those claik-yeese, which some 
 with much admiration have beleeued to grow 
 out of trees ... I would gladly thinke that 
 the generation of these birds was not out of 
 the logges of wood, but from the very ocean. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 48. 
 
 CLAIR OBSCURE, distribution of light 
 and shade. See L., s. v. chiaroscuro. 
 As masters in the clair obscure 
 With various light your eyes allure. 
 Prior, Alma, ii. 25. 
 
 CLAM, cold moisture ; clamminess. 
 
 Around you is but starvation, falsehood, 
 corruption, and the clam of death. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 CLAM, clammy (?). More is speaking 
 of the Egyptian darkness, such as men 
 might feel, and handle with their hands, 
 and he says that it 
 
 The hand did smite 
 
 With a clam pitchie ray shot from that 
 Centrall Night. 
 
 H. More, Sleep of the Soul, iii. 33. 
 
 CLAMJAMFERY, a mob or assembly. 
 See Jamieson, s. v. 
 
 I only know the whole damjamfery of them 
 
 p 
 h 
 
 were there. Huyhes, Tom Brown at Oxford, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 CLAMORODSNESS, loud talking ; clam- 
 our. 
 
 The obstinate maintainers of errour come 
 with their tongues tipt with clamorousnesse, 
 as their proselyte Auditors do with eares 
 stopt with prejudice. Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. 
 v. 7. 
 
 CLAMPER, to put together clumsily (?). 
 
 He weueth up many brokenended matters, 
 and fettes out much rifraffe, pelfery, trump- 
 ery. baggage and beggerie ware clamparde vp 
 of one that would seme to be fitter for a shop 
 in dede than to write any boke. Ascham, 
 Toxophilus, p. 83. 
 
 CLAMPRING, clamouring. 
 The people, already tired with their own 
 divisions (of which his clampriny had been a 
 rincipal nurs), and beginning now to espie a 
 aven of rest, hated anything that should 
 hinder them from it ; asking one another 
 whether this were not hee, whose evil tongue 
 to [no ?] man could escape ? Sidney, A rcadia, 
 Bk. v. p. 446. 
 
 CLANGOUR, to clang. 
 
 At Paris all steeples are clangouring, not for 
 sermon. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. I. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 CLAPBREAD, oatmeal cake clapped or 
 beaten thin and hard. Defoe (Tour 
 thro' G. Brit., iii. 254) speaks of " sour 
 oat-cakes for bread, or clapat-bread, as 
 it is called." He is referring to the 
 borders of Lancashire and Westmore- 
 land. 
 
 The great rack of clapbread hung overhead, 
 and Bell Robson's preference of this kind of 
 oatcake over the leavened and partly sour 
 kind used in Yorkshire was another source 
 of her unpopularity. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's 
 Lovers, ch. iv. 
 
 CLAP-STICKS. See quotation. 
 
 He was not disturbed ... by the watch- 
 men's rappers or clap-sticks. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. 1. 
 
 CLARET, blood (pugilistic slang). 
 
 The words are a pound of flesh that's clear 
 
 as mud. 
 Slice away then, old fellow, but mind ! if you 
 
 spill 
 
 One drop of his claret that's not in your bill, 
 I'll hang you like Haman, by Jingo, I will ! 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Mer. of Venice). 
 
 " You be all covered wi' blood, sir." . . . 
 Drysdale joined in assurances that it was no- 
 thing but a little of his friend's "claret," 
 which he would be all the better for losing. 
 Huyhes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xii.
 
 CLA VERS 
 
 CLER UM 
 
 CLAVERS, keys. 
 
 Where as by art one selfly blast breath'd out 
 From pauting bellowes, passeth all about 
 Winde - instruments ; enters by th' vnder 
 
 cl avers, 
 "Which with the keys the Organ - master 
 
 quavers. Sylvester, The Columnes, 732. 
 
 CLAVESTOCK, a chopper for cleaving 
 wood. 
 
 A clauestock and rabetstock carpenters craue, 
 And seasoned timber for pinwood to haue. 
 
 Tusser, p. 38. 
 
 CLAWER, a flatterer. 
 
 But few, if dead, are flattered, if their friends 
 Liue not iu wealth or greatnesse ; so the 
 
 scopes 
 
 Of all such clairers scratch for priuate ends. 
 Davies, Muse's Teares, p. 9. 
 
 CLEANISH, rather clean. 
 
 A bed at one corner with coarse curtains, 
 . . . but a coverlid upon it with a cleanish look. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 303. 
 
 CLEAR, undetected. 
 
 Among the Lacedemonians, a clear theft 
 pass'd for a vertue. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 75. 
 
 CLEARCAKE, some sort of cake or 
 sweetmeat, the qualities of which are 
 described in the quotation. 
 
 I used to call him the clearcake; fat, fair, 
 sweet, and seen through in a moment. 
 Walpole to Mann, ii. 153 (1746). 
 
 GLEET. See extract. In Arch.,-x\\n. 
 352, mention is made of an urn " with 
 four small bowed handles or cleats." 
 
 The four corners [of the coffin] were 
 strengthened by iron handles or cleets. Arch., 
 xxxi. 252 (1845). 
 
 CLEOPATRICAL, profusely luxurious, 
 after the manner of Cleopatra. Cf. 
 BABILONICAL. 
 
 I went, then saw, and found the great expense, 
 The fare and fashions of our citizens. 
 Oh Cleopatrical ! what wanteth there 
 For curious cost, and wondrous choice of cheer. 
 Hall, Sat., III. iii. 17. 
 
 CLERGY, ministers of heathen reli- 
 gion. 
 
 The Druidae (for so they call their diviners, 
 wisemen, and estate of clen/ie) esteem no- 
 thing in the world more sacred than Misselto. 
 .... Their priests or clergie men chuse of 
 purpose such groves for their divine service. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 14. 
 
 CLERGY, applied to women. 
 
 I took her to be one of the cleraywomen 
 that belong to the place. Foote, Trip to 
 Calais, ii. 1. 
 
 I found the clergy in general persons of 
 
 moderate minds and decorous manners ; I 
 include the seculars and regulars of both 
 sexes. Burke, Fr. Revolution, p. 118. 
 
 From the clergywomen of Windham down 
 to the charwomen the question was dis- 
 cussed. Mrs. Oliphant, Agnes, i. 10. 
 
 CLERGY, used adjectivally. L. gives 
 one instance from a living writer. 
 The first half day they rode they light upon 
 A noble cleargy host, Kitt Middleton. 
 
 Up. Corbet, Iter Boreale. 
 
 Not fearing lest he should meet with some 
 outward holy thing in religion which his lay 
 touch or presence might profane ; but lest 
 something unholy from within his own heart 
 should dishonour and profane in himself that 
 priestly unction and clergy- right whereto 
 Christ hath entitled him. Milton, Reason of 
 Ch. Government, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 A corslet is no canonical coat for me, nor 
 suits it with my cfeyy-profession to proceed 
 any further in this warlike description. 
 Fuller, Holy State, Bk. IV. ch. xvii. 
 
 Observe those clergy-si\c\i\ers on the civil 
 stage, and you shall seldom find them 
 crowned with a quiet death. Ibid. Bk. V. 
 ch. xviii. 
 
 CLERGY OF BELLY, respite claimed by 
 a pregnant woman. 
 "Who therefore in a sfcreight may freely 
 Demand the clergy of her belly. 
 
 Butler, Hudibrasjlll. i. 884. 
 
 CLERK-ALE, a feast for the benefit of 
 the clerk. See L., s. v. In the second 
 extract it seems to be the actual liquor 
 perhaps some benefaction for the 
 clerk on Easter Sunday. 
 
 At the summer assizes held in Exon, anno 
 1627, an order was made by Walter then 
 Chief Baron, and Denham one of the puisne 
 barons of the court of Exchequer, for sup- 
 pressing all revels, Church-ales, Clerk-ales 
 which had been used upon that day. Hey- 
 lin, Life of Laud, Bk. iv. p. 256. 
 
 He, and some other frolicksome fellows, 
 being one Easter Sunday morning at the 
 clerk's house at Langford, near Wellington, 
 drinking (as it is called) clerk' s-ale, they over- 
 heard the old man rehearsing the verses of 
 the Psalms. Life of J. Lackington, Letter iii. 
 
 CLERO-MASTIC, a scourger of the 
 clergy. 
 
 These Clero-masticks and Church-destroyers 
 still maintain a most implacable war against 
 the Church of England. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 49. 
 
 CLERUM, a visitation or convocation 
 sermon ; a concio ad clerum, or an ex- 
 ercise for a divinity degree. 
 
 This I heard in a clerum from Dr. Collings. 
 Fuller, Hist, of Camb. Univ., vi. 5.
 
 CLEVER 
 
 CLOCK 
 
 On Saturday following, immediately after 
 the clerum, he should go up into the pulpit 
 of St. Mary's. Ibid. vii. 17. 
 
 CLEVER, handsome. 
 There is a clever (nitiduni) neat Church. 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 242. 
 CLICK, to snatch. 
 " I take 'em to prevent abuses," 
 Cants he, and then the Crucifix 
 And Chalice from the Altar clicks. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 cant. iv. p. 397. 
 
 CLICK, a sharp noise. The Diets, only 
 give it as a verb. 
 
 To the billiard-room I hastened ; the click 
 of balls and the hum of voice resounded 
 thence. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxi. 
 
 CLIENTAGE, following ; clientele. 
 
 They sent unto him their disciples, together 
 with them which were of the faction and 
 clientage of Herod. Bp. Hall, Works, iv. 168. 
 
 CLIENTELE, patronage : an unusual 
 sense of this word. 
 
 Our laws, said I, against those whose 
 clientele you undertake have been disputed 
 both by Churchmen and Statesmen. 
 Bucket, Life of Williams, i. 213. 
 
 CLIMACTERIAN, one who is fond of a 
 climax. 
 
 Observe the author's steps continually 
 rising ; we shall find him on many occasions 
 a great climacterian. North, Examen, p. 23. 
 
 CLIMACTERY, the working up to a 
 climax. 
 
 He wrought upon the approaches to Oates's 
 plot with notable disposition and climactery, 
 often calling before he came at it. North, 
 Examen, p. 233. 
 
 He is an artist at disposition and climactery 
 for the setting off his positions. Ibid. p. 478. 
 
 CLIMBABLE, capable of being climbed. 
 
 I , . climbed everything climbable, and eat 
 everything eatable. Savage, E. Medlicott, 
 Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 CLING, to make cling ; to fasten or 
 clinch. The original is " Hcerent 
 parietibus scales." 
 
 They clinye thee scalinges too wals. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 412. 
 
 CLINT, to clench or make fast. 
 
 This grievance did continue, and was com- 
 plained of all this and most of the next 
 king's reign, till the statute of praemunire 
 was made, which dinted the naile which now 
 was driven in. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. ix. 28. 
 
 GLINTING, a noise or thud, as of a 
 horse's foot. 
 
 Mountains stretch'd around, 
 Gloomy was their tinting, 
 
 And the horse's hoofs 
 Made a dismal dinting. 
 
 Thackeray, Peg of Limavaddy. 
 
 CLIP, to fly, from cutting the air or 
 waves. A swift-sailing ship is called a 
 clipper, though other derivations have 
 been proposed for this (N. and Q., 5th 
 S., vols. vi., vii.). The idea of cutting 
 is perhaps connected with the old mean- 
 ing of clip, to embrace, and so to press, 
 squeeze, nip. L. has one example of 
 clip = fly, from Dryden, Ann. Mir., 
 st. 86. 
 If profit's golden-finger'd charm inveigles 
 
 "VVe clip more swift than eagles. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, i. 13. 
 The wings of vengeance clip as fast as they. 
 
 Ibid. iii. 12. 
 Oh that the pinions of a clipping dove 
 
 Would cut my passage through the empty 
 
 air. Ibid. iv. 2. 
 
 Had my dull soul but wings as well as they, 
 How I would spring from earth, and clip 
 
 away. Ibid. v. 13. 
 
 CLIP, to embrace. The latest example 
 in the Diets, of the word in this sense 
 is from Ray the naturalist. In some 
 parts of the country the custom still 
 prevails on certain days of " clipping 
 the Church," i. e. a number of people 
 surround the church with joined hands. 
 Another example of clip = embrace 
 will be found in Kingsley's, Saint's 
 Tragedy, ii. 1. 
 
 Yon fair sea 
 That clips thy shores had no such charms 
 
 for thee. Cowper, Expostulation, 551. 
 
 The Northmen, led 
 
 By Sweyne and Olaf, landed yesternight 
 In Porlock Bay, and clipped us round at 
 Stoke. Taylor, Edwin the Fair, v. 5. 
 
 Like a fountain falling round me, 
 "Which with silver waters thin 
 Clips a little water Naiad sitting smilingly 
 within. Mrs. Browning, Lost Bower. 
 
 CLIQUEISM, party exclusiveness. " 
 Their system is a sort of worldly-spiritual 
 cliqueism : they really look on the rest of 
 mankind as a doomed carcase which is to 
 nourish them for heaven. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. xvii. 
 
 CLOATH, skin(?). 
 
 I also did buy some apples and pork, by 
 the same token the butcher commended it 
 as the best in England for cloath and colour. 
 Pepys, Nov. 1, 1666. 
 
 CLOCK, beetle. 
 
 The Brize, the black-arm'd Clock, the
 
 CLOCK LESS 
 
 ( 128 
 
 CLOTH 
 
 Gnat, the Butterflie. H. More, Life of the 
 Soul, i. 41. 
 
 CLOCKLESS, without a clock. 
 
 learned, Nature-taught Arithmetician, 
 Clockless so just to measure time's par- 
 tition. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first weeke, 379. 
 
 CLODDER, to coagulate. 
 
 He took the blood of calves and goats, 
 mixing it with water that it might not dod- 
 der and congeal together. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 iv. 500. 
 
 CLODHOPPER, a country fellow ; a 
 clown. 
 
 1 heard one of your clodhoppers say the 
 other day, " The squire is a good gentleman, 
 he often gives me a day's work." Now I 
 should think it was the clodhopper gave the 
 gentleman the day's work. Reade, Never too 
 late to mend, ch. i. 
 
 CLODHOPPING, clumsy ; loutish ; heavy- 
 treading, as one who is accustomed to 
 go over ploughed fields. 
 
 "What a mercy you are shod with velvet, 
 Jane ! a clodhoppiny messenger would never 
 do at this juncture. C. route, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xx. 
 
 CLOD-PATE, thick head. In Cymbe- 
 line, IV. ii., clot-pole is used in the same 
 sense. 
 
 There is more logic in that remark . . . 
 than I expected from your clod-pate. Smol- 
 lett, L. Greaves, ch. viii. 
 
 CLOG, an old-fashioned wooden al- 
 manac. See H., s. v. 
 
 The lineal descendant of that rimstoke was 
 still in use in the middle of England at the 
 close of the seventeenth century, though it 
 was then, says Plot, a sort of antiquity so little 
 known that it had hardly been heard of in 
 the southern parts, and was understood but 
 by few of the gentry in the northern. Cloyy 
 was the English name, whether so called 
 from the word log, because they were gener- 
 ally made of wood, and not so commonly of 
 oak or fir as of box ; or from the resemblance 
 of the larger ones to clogs " wherewith we 
 restrain the wild, extravagant, mischievous 
 motions of some of our dogs," he knew not. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. xc. 
 
 CLOGDOGDO, an incumbrance, like a 
 clog tied to a dog. See quotation s. v. 
 CLOG. 
 
 A wife is a scurvy clogdogdo, an unlucky 
 thing. Jonson, Silent Woman, IV. i. 
 
 CLOKE-FATHER, a cover or stalking- 
 horse. 
 
 Some suspect him to be little better than 
 a counterfeit, and a cloke-father for a plot of 
 
 the Pope's begetting. Fuller, Holy War, I. 
 viii. 2. 
 
 Audronicus the Emperour cunningly de- 
 rived the whole hatred hereby on young 
 Alexius (whose power he never used or 
 owned, but onely to make him the cloak- 
 father for odious acts). Ibid., Holy State, V. 
 xviii. 9. 
 
 The book goes under the name of Car- 
 dinal Allen, though the secular priests say he 
 was but the cloak-father thereof, and that 
 Parsons the Jesuite made it. Ibid., Ch. Hist., 
 IX. vii. 24. 
 
 CLOME, earthenware. The first extract 
 is supposed to be in the Devonshire 
 dialect. 
 
 Now, zester Nan, by this yow zee 
 What zort of vokes gert people be ; 
 What's cheny thoft is dome. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 159. 
 
 In your account of the ceremonies now 
 practised in Devon at Christmas regarding 
 the apple-trees, you are wrong in calling it a 
 clayen cup ; it should be a dome or clomen 
 cup : thus all earthenware shops and china 
 shops are called by the middling class and 
 peasantry dome or clomen shops, and the 
 same in markets where earthenware is dis- 
 played in Devon are called dome standings. 
 Correspondent, Jan. 12, 1825, in Hone's 
 Every-day Book, ii. p. 1652. 
 
 The King's Grace looked but sourly upon 
 me, and said it should go hard but that the 
 pitcher which went so oft to the well should 
 be broke at last. Thereto I making answer 
 that that should depend on the pitcher, 
 whether it were iron or clomb, he turned on 
 his heel, and presently departed from rne. 
 H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. i. 
 
 CLOSE-FIGHTS, things used to conceal 
 or protect men in time of action. See 
 quotation s. v. COBRIDGE-HEAD. 
 
 After the dose -fyhts were made ready 
 above, ... up comes the master. John 
 Reynard's Delivei'ance (Harl. Misc., i. 188). 
 
 CLOSE-TIME, the time during which it 
 is unlawful to shoot game, or to fish. 
 
 He had shot in the course of his walk some 
 young wild-ducks, as, though close-time was 
 then unknown, the broods of grouse were 
 yet too young for the sportsman. Scott, 
 Waverley, i. 197. 
 
 They came on a wicked old gentleman 
 breaking the laws of his country, and catch- 
 ing perch in close-time out of a punt. H. 
 Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 CLOTH. The doth = the clerical 
 profession, or the clergy. In Tom 
 Jones it is used of the military profes- 
 sion. See extract s. v. ANOTHER. 
 
 Much civility passed between the two 
 clergymen, who both declared the great 
 honour they had for the cloth. Fielding, 
 Jos. A)idrews, Bk. I. ch. xvi.
 
 CLOTHED 
 
 CL UMME 
 
 Another black sheep in the Church ? 
 thought I, with a little sorrow ; for I don't 
 care to own that I have a respect for the 
 cloth. Thackeray, Book of Snobs, ch. xxvii. 
 
 If there is one epithet I hate more than 
 another, it is that execrable word cloth used 
 for the office of a clergyman. I have no 
 time to set forth its offence now. If my 
 reader cannot feel it, I do not care to make 
 him feel it. Only I am sorry to say it over- 
 came my temper. " Madam," I said, " I owe 
 nothing to my tailor." G. Macdonald, An- 
 nals of a Quiet Neighbourhood, ch. xiii. 
 
 CLOTHED. This, I suppose, means 
 that the figure of our Lord was repre- 
 sented as clothed. 
 
 Henry Portman, Esq. also .placed at the 
 East End a cloathed Resurrection-piece, 
 painted by Sir James Thornhill. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Brit., ii. 245. 
 
 CLOTHES-HORSE, a stand on which 
 clothes are hung to dry. 
 
 "We keep no horse but a clothes-horse. 
 Sketches by Boz (Hackney-coach Stands). 
 
 If she were not healthier by God's making 
 than ever she will be by yours, her charity 
 would be by this time double-distilled selfish- 
 ness ; the mouths she fed, cupboards to store 
 good works in ; the backs she warmed, clothes- 
 horses to hang out her wares before God. 
 Kingsley, Saint's Tragedy, iv. 2. 
 
 CLOTH-MARKET, a cant term for bed. 
 
 Nev. Miss, your slave ; I hope your early 
 rising will do you no harm ; I find you are 
 but just come out of the Cloth-market. 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 CLOTH OF PLEASANCE, a napkin where- 
 with to wipe the cup after drinking (?), 
 or a cloth held under a person's chin 
 while drinking, like the houselling- 
 cloth (?). 
 
 To-day when as I filled into your cups, 
 And held the cloth of pleasance whiles you 
 
 drank, 
 She reached me such a rap. 
 
 Marlowe, Dido, I. i. 
 
 CLOUD. Under a cloud = in diffi- 
 culties, or, sometimes, with a slur on 
 one's character. 
 
 I have known him do great services to 
 gentlemen under a cloud. Fieldiny, Amelia, 
 Bk. V. ch. iv. 
 
 I will say that for the English, if they were 
 deils, that they are a ceeveleesed people to 
 gentlemen that are under a cloud. Scott, 
 Eedgauntlet, ii. 285. 
 
 Coavinses', the sheriff's officer's, . . coffee- 
 room is at the back, and the shadows of 
 several gentlemen under a cloud loom cloudily 
 upon the blinds. Dickens, Bleak House, 
 ch. x. 
 
 CLOUDLET, small cloud. 
 
 Over the whole brilliant scene Vesuvius 
 rising with cloudlets playing round its summit. 
 Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. xxxix. 
 Sire, I replied, joys prove cloudlets, 
 Men are the merest Ixions. 
 
 Browning, The Glove. 
 
 CLOWNIFY, to make dull or clownish. 
 
 I wish you would not so clotcnifie your wit 
 as to bury yoyr vnderstanding all vnder a 
 clod of earth. Breton, Courtiei' and Country- 
 man, p. 7. 
 
 Is not the Cloionyfyiny of wit the Foolify- 
 ing of understanding ? Ibid. p. 8. 
 
 CLOWNIST, an actor of clowns' parts. 
 
 We are, sir, comedians, tragedians, tragi- 
 comedians, comi-tragedians, pastorists, hu- 
 morists, clownists, satirists. Middleton, 
 Mayor of Quinborough, v. 1. 
 
 CLOYNING, cheating. 
 
 Such texts as agree not with the cloyninys of 
 your conjurors, and the conveyances of your 
 sorcerers, must needs be seasoned with Aris- 
 totle's physics, and sauced with John Donse's 
 subtleties. Bale, Select Works, p. 170. 
 
 CLUB, a clown. 
 
 The fair flatte truthe that the vplaudishe 
 or homely and playn clubbes of the countree 
 dooeu vse, nameth eche thing by the right 
 names. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 289. 
 
 CLUBBERS, associates ; those who club 
 together. 
 
 Tap. Humbled myself to marriage with 
 my Froth here, 
 
 Gave entertainment 
 
 Well. Yes, to whores and canters, 
 
 Clubbers by night. 
 
 Massinger, New way to pay old debts, I. i. 
 
 CLUBSTER, a frequenter of clubs, and 
 BO a boon companion. In the second 
 quotation, and in the third s. v. SPEND- 
 ITORE, North applies the word to mem- 
 bers of the Green-Ribbon Club. 
 
 He was no clubster listed among good fel- 
 lows. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 145. 
 
 The house was doubly balconied in the 
 front, as may be yet seen, for the clubsters 
 to issue forth in fresco with hats and perukes. 
 Ibid., Examen, p. 572. 
 
 CLUE. In the full clue, as applied 
 to sails, seems to mean spread to full 
 extent. 
 
 The next day following, if it were fine, they 
 would cloud the whole skie with canvas by 
 spreading their drabled sailes in the full clue 
 abroad a drying. Nashe, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 149). 
 
 CLUMME. Bailey in his Diet, has clum, 
 a note of silence : perhaps this is the
 
 CLUMPY 
 
 ( 130 ) COADVENTURE 
 
 meaning in the extract ; the punctua- 
 tion favours the idea of its being an 
 interjection. 
 
 He is as freckled about the gils, and lookes 
 as red as a fox, clumme, and is more surly 
 to be spoken with than ever he was before. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stvffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 165). 
 
 CLUMPY, in clumps. 
 
 Leaning about among the clumpy bays, 
 
 Look at the clear Apollo while he plays. 
 
 Leigh Hunt, Foliage, p. 6. 
 
 CLUMS, dull ; clumsy. 
 "Wherefore the prudent Law-givers of old, 
 Even in all Nations, with right sage foresight 
 Discovering from farre how clums and cold 
 The vulgar wight would be to yield what's 
 
 right 
 
 To virtuous learning, did by law design 
 Great wealth and honour to that worth 
 divine. H. More, Cupid's Conflict, st. 61. 
 
 CLUNCH, stumpy ; thick-set. 
 
 I found him [Dr. Beattie] pleasant, un' 
 affected, and unassuming, and full of con- 
 versible intelligence, with a round, thick, 
 clunch figure, that promises nothing either 
 of his works or his discourse. Mad.D'Arblay, 
 Diary, iii. 397. 
 
 She is fat, and clunch, and heavy, and ugly ; 
 otherwise, they say, agreeable enough. Ibid. 
 iv. 272. 
 
 CLUNCH, to clench. 
 
 His fingers are not long and drawn out to 
 handle a fiddle, but his fist is cluncht with 
 the habit of disputing. Earle, Microcosmo- 
 yraphie (A Downright Scholar). 
 
 CLUNCHFIST, a miser; one who is 
 close-fisted. 
 
 Who though your chests 
 Vast sums of money should to you afford, 
 "Would ne'ertheless add more unto that hoard, 
 And yet not be content, you clunchjists, das- 
 tards. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. liv. 
 
 CLUSTEROTTS, thronging ; gathered in 
 a cluster. See extract s. v. GATE. 
 
 CLUTTERMENT, noise ; turmoil. 
 The philosopher . . . thought most seriously 
 to have withdrawn himself unto a solitary 
 privacy, far from the rustling clutterments of 
 the tumultuous and confused world. Ur- 
 quhart's Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xiii. 
 
 CLY, to take : a cant term. See ex- 
 tract in H., s. v. pannam. 
 Here safe in our skipper let's cly off our 
 
 peck, 
 
 And bowse in defiance o' th' Harman-beck. 
 Browne, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 CLYFAKER, pickpocket (thieves' cant). 
 
 They were gentlemen sharpers, and not 
 vulgar cracksmen and clyfakers. Lytton, 
 Pelham, ch. Ixxxii. 
 
 CLYFAKING. See extract. 
 
 ' ; Harry was on the cross." " On the 
 cross ? " said Charles. " Ah ! " the boy 
 said ; " he goes out clyfakiny, and such. 
 He's a prig, a.nd a smart one too ; he's fly, is 
 Harry." "But what is clyfakiny ?" said 
 Charles. ""Why, a prigging of wipes, and 
 sneeze-boxes, and ridicules, and such." H. 
 Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. xxxv. 
 
 CLYSTER-PIPE, a contemptuous name 
 for an apothecary. Cf. the less oppro- 
 brious " GALLIPOT." 
 
 John Haselwood, a proud, starch'd, formal, 
 and sycophantizing clister-pipe, who was the 
 apothecary to Clayton when he practiced 
 physick. Life of A. Wood, May 3, 1661. 
 
 COACH, a tutor or instructor ; also, as 
 a verb, to instruct : a slang word which 
 has now almost attained to a recognized 
 place in the language. 
 
 He had already been down several times in 
 pair-oar and four-oar boats, with an old oar 
 to pull stroke, and another to steer and coach 
 the young idea. Hughes, Tom Brown at 
 Oxford, ch. ii. 
 
 Warham was studying for India with a 
 "Wancester coach. G. Eliot, Deronda, ch. vi. 
 
 I coached him before he got his scholarship ; 
 he ought to have taken honours last Easter, 
 but he was ill. Ibid. ch. xxxvii. 
 
 COACHFULNESS, abundance of coaches. 
 
 My purpose was fitly inaugurated by the 
 Dolphin's Head, which everywhere expressed 
 past coachfulness and present coachlessness. 
 Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, xxii. 
 
 COACHLESSNESS, want of coaches. See 
 extract s. v. COACHFULNESS. 
 
 COACHLET, little coach. 
 
 In my light little coachlet I could breathe 
 freer. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Ft. III. Bk. I. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 COADJUTANT, a helper. 
 
 Gates or some of his coadjutants being 
 touched (not in conscience, but) with the 
 disappointment of their work, and sensible 
 of a better trade on the other side, might 
 have made a short turn, and like elephants 
 have overrun their own party. North, Ex- 
 amen, p. 198. 
 
 COADJUTATOR, assistant : coadjutor is 
 the usual form. 
 
 I do purpose ... to act as a coadjutator 
 to the law, and even to remedy evils which 
 the law cannot reach. Smollett, Lancelot 
 Greaves, ch. ii. 
 
 COADVENTURE, to share in a venture. 
 L. has coadventurer from HowelVs 
 Letters. 
 
 This hee shall observe better in Italy, where
 
 CO- AGENCY 
 
 ( '3O 
 
 COB-HOUSE 
 
 the Prince holdeth it no disparagement to 
 co-adventure, and put in his stake with the 
 Marchant. Howell,Forraine Travell, sect.vii. 
 
 CO-AGENCY, co-operative power. 
 
 Now therefore began to open upon me 
 those fascinations of solitude which, when 
 acting as a co-agency with unresisted grief, 
 end in the paradoxical result of making out 
 of grief itself a luxury. De Quincey, Autob. 
 Sketches, i. 22. 
 
 COAL-CARRIERLY, servile ; black- 
 guardly. See N. on carrying coals. 
 
 I heard your father say that he would 
 marry you to Peter Ploddall, that pack-fist, 
 that smudge-snout, that coal-carrierly clown. 
 Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eny. D)\m. 302). 
 
 COALESCENCY, coalescence ; aggre- 
 gation. Gauden speaks of the primi- 
 tive Churches growing " by an happy 
 diffusion and holy coalescency to such 
 great and goodly combinations" (Tears 
 of the Church, p. 34). 
 
 COALISE, to coalesce. See quotation 
 s. v. CAT. 
 
 Swedish Gustav, sworn Knight of the 
 Queen of France, will lead coalised armies. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 COAL-KINDLER, a stirrer-up of burning 
 questions. See next entry. 
 
 It may be a coal-kindler would think such 
 counsel as this not worth the hearing. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 104. 
 
 COALS. To stir coals = to quarrel, or 
 incite to quarrel. The third extract is 
 supposed to occur in a letter from a 
 servant. 
 
 He gaue counsaill that nothing was to 
 be denied vnto Alexander on their behalf, 
 onlesse thei had assured trust and confidence, 
 if he would take peper in the nose, or stiere 
 coles, to wrynge hym to the wurse with 
 dynte of sworde. UdaVs Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 328. 
 
 After soche sorte did he vpbraid to the 
 people their rashe and vnaduised stieriny of 
 coles, and arisinges to warre. Ibid. p. 382. 
 
 "What, as I sed to him. Cuzzen Titus, signi- 
 fies stirring up the coles, and macking strife, 
 to make rich gentilfolkes live at varience ? 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 252. 
 
 COAL-SCUTTLE BONNET, a bonnet 
 shaped like a coal-scuttle. 
 
 There was Miss Snevellici .... glancing 
 from the depths of her coal-scuttle bonnet at 
 Nicholas. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. 
 xxiii. 
 
 She knew Miss Lydia was passing, and 
 though Hetty liked so much to look at her 
 fashionable little coal-scuttle bonnet, with the 
 wreath of small roses round it, she didn't 
 
 mind it to-day. G. Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 COAL-WHIPPER, one engaged in load- 
 ing and unloading collier vessels. 
 
 The young ladies exhibited a proper dis- 
 play of horror at the appearance of the coal- 
 whippers and ballast-heavers. Sketches by 
 Boz (Steam Excursion). 
 
 He had such a pair of legs as a painter 
 would have given to an Irish chairman, or 
 one of the swarthy, demon-like coal-u-hippers 
 to be seen issuing from those black arches in 
 the Strand. Savage, Reuben Medlicott, Bk. I. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 COAST MAN, master of a coasting 
 vessel ; a fisherman. The extract re- 
 fers to the month of February, when 
 Lent usually begins. 
 
 To coast man ride, 
 Lent stuffe to prouide. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 86. 
 
 COATLESS, without a coat. 
 
 Seven or eight sallow starved beings, . . 
 coatless, shoeless, and ragged, sat stitching, 
 each on his truckle bed. C. Kinysley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. xxi. 
 
 COAT-MONEY, an exaction levied by 
 Charles I. on the pretext of providing 
 clothing for troops. Cf. CONDUCT- 
 MONEY, with which it is always joined. 
 
 Such illegal actions, and especially to get 
 vast sums of money, were put in practice by 
 the King and his new officers, as monopolies, 
 compulsive knighthoods, coat, conduct, and 
 ship-money, ... as gave evident proof that 
 the King never meant ... to recall parlia- 
 ments. Milton, Eikonoklastes, ch. i. 
 
 He was put into such a good condition, 
 that he was able both to raise and maintain 
 an army with no charge to the common 
 subject, but only a little coat and conduct 
 money at their first setting out. Heylin, Life 
 of Laud, Bk. iv. p. 382. 
 
 COAX, an enticement ; a wheedling : 
 the usual noun is coaxing. 
 
 He held out by turn coaxes and threats ; in 
 short everything but an amnesty. Marryat, 
 Fr. Mildmay, ch. i. 
 
 COB, to beat. 
 
 I was sentenced to be cobbed with a wor- 
 sted stocking filled with wet sand. Marryat, 
 Fr. Mildmay, ch. ii. 
 
 COB-HOUSE, or WALLS, a house or 
 walls built of co6, i. e. marl mixed with 
 straw. 
 
 The subject of the cob-icalls of the western 
 counties, and of the use of concrete gener- 
 ally in all ages, . . . has been curiously illus- 
 trated in the Quarterly Review, vol. Iviii. 
 Arcfueol., xxx. 495 (1844). 
 K 2
 
 COBRIDGE-HEAD ( 132 ) COCK-FIGHTING 
 
 The main village . . . consisted of a nar- 
 row street of cob-houses white-washed and 
 thatched. H. Kingsley, Geojfry Handy n, 
 ch. vi. 
 
 COBRIDGE-HEAD. See quotation. 
 
 The English fashion was to heighten the 
 ship as much as possible at stem and stern, 
 both by the sweep of her lines and also by 
 stockades (" close-fights and cage-works ") on 
 the poop and forecastle, thus giving to the 
 men a shelter, which was further increased 
 by strong bulk-heads (" cobridge - heads ") 
 across the main-deck below, dividing the ship 
 thus into a number of separate forts, fitted 
 with swivels (" bases, fowlers and murder- 
 ers") and loop-holed for musketry and arrows. 
 C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xx. 
 
 COBWEBBERY, flimsy intricacy. 
 
 Welcome is his word, there where he 
 speaks and works, and growing ever wel- 
 comer ; for it alone goes to the heart of the 
 business ; logical cobwebbery shrinks itself to- 
 gether, and thou seest a thiny, how it is, how 
 it may be worked with. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 COCK, a familiar form of address 
 fellow ; and usually has " old " pre- 
 fixed. In Erasmus there seems to be a 
 pun ; the French being polite and liberal 
 in their entertainments. 
 
 He has drawn blood of him yet : well done, 
 old cock. Massinyer, Unnatural Combat, II. i. 
 
 I am going to an old club of merry cocks 
 (vetustissimum Gallorum contuberniuni) to 
 endeavour to patch up what I have lost. 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 378. 
 
 He was an honest old cock, and loved his 
 pipe and a tankard of cyder as well as the 
 best of us. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. 
 VIII. ch. xxiv. 
 
 COCK. That cock won't fight that 
 will not do. 
 
 I tried to see the arms on the carriage, but 
 there were none ; so that cock wouldn't fiyht. 
 C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xxiv. 
 
 COCKADOODLE, to crow like a cock 
 (onomatopoeous). 
 
 The peacocks, with their spotted coates 
 and affrighting voyces, for heralds, they 
 prickt and enlisted ; and the cockadoodling 
 cocks for their trumpeters. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 170). 
 
 COCK-A-DOODLE BROTH. See quota- 
 tion. 
 
 He complains that "he can't peck," yet 
 continues the cause of his infirmity, living 
 almost entirely upon cock-a-doodle broth, 
 eggs beat up in brandy and a little water. 
 Reade, Never too late to mend, ch. Ixxxv. 
 
 COCK-BREAD, food for fighting cocks. 
 You squall at us on Shrove-Tuesday ; you 
 
 feed us with cock-bread and arm us with 
 steel spurs that we may mangle and kill each 
 other for your sport ; you build cock-pits, 
 you make us fight Welsh maius, and give 
 subscription cups to the winner. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. clxiv. 
 
 COCKER, a dog of the spaniel kind, 
 used in raising woodcocks, &c. 
 
 I myself was acquainted with a little Blen- 
 heim cocker, one of the smallest, beautif ullest, 
 and wisest of lapdogs or dogs . . . Shandy, 
 so hight this remarkable cocker, was ex- 
 tremely shy of strangers. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 171. 
 
 The worthy old gentleman, having finished 
 his oration, settled himself on a great bench 
 inside the chimney, and put his hawk on a 
 perch over his head, while his cockers coiled 
 themselves np close to the warm peat-ashes. 
 C. Kingslty, Westward Ho, ch. v. 
 
 COCKER, cock-fighter. 
 
 He was the greatest cocker in England ; he 
 said Duke John won him many battles, and 
 never lost one. Steele, Conscious Lovers, Act 
 IV. 
 
 If the king was content a man should 
 out. he made a mark at his name ; but if he 
 would not part with him, he found some 
 jocular reason to let him stand, as that he 
 was a good cocker, understood hunting, kept 
 a good house. North, Examen, p. 78. 
 
 COCKERXOSE, a term of jxbuse, applied 
 in the quotation to hermits ; it means, 
 I suppose, stuck-up persons. 
 
 And also by these prelates these cocker- 
 noses are suffered to live in pride and hy- 
 pocrisy, and to defoul themselves both bodily 
 and ghostly. Testament of W. Thorpe (Sale's 
 Select Works, p. 130). 
 
 COCKET. H. says, " To joyne or 
 fasten in building as one joyst or stone 
 is cocketted within another." Thomasii 
 Diet., 1644. 
 In brest of the Godesse Gorgon was cocketed 
 
 hardlye 
 With nodil vnjoyncted by death. 
 
 Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 138. 
 
 COCK-FIGHTING. To beat cock-fighting 
 = to surpass everything. In the first 
 extract there is a literal reference to 
 cock-fighting. 
 
 Ministers' scufflings and contests with one 
 another is beyond any Cock-Jiff htiny or Bear- 
 baiting to the vulgar envy, malice, profane- 
 nesse and petulancy. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 228. 
 
 I fear the contradiction of no man alive or 
 dead, when I assert that my friend Chevy 
 Slime being held in pawn for a bill, beats any 
 amount of cock- fighting with which I am 
 acquainted. Dickens, Martin Chuzzleidt, ch. 
 vii.
 
 COCKHORSE 
 
 ( '33) 
 
 COCKSHY 
 
 The Squire faltered out, " Well, this beats 
 cockfighting ! the man's as mad as a March 
 hare, and has taken Dr. Rickeybockey for 
 little Lenny. Lytton, My Novel, Bk. III. 
 ch. xi. 
 
 COCKHORSE, on high, and so, elated. 
 
 The ladies sit on cockhorse upon scaffolds 
 in open view. Gentleman Instructed, p. 167. 
 
 My gentlemen return'd to their lodgings 
 on cockhorse, and began to think of a fund 
 for a glorious equipage. Ibid. p. 215. 
 
 COCKING, shooting, as of wood-cock, 
 &c. 
 
 "You shoot?" "No." "Pity; there 
 ought to be noble cocking in these woods." 
 C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xi. 
 
 COCKING, sparring or disputing, as 
 between fighting-cocks. 
 
 Betwene Aristippus and Diogenes the 
 Cynike there was moche good cocking and 
 striuiug whether of them should win the 
 spurres and beare the bell." UdaVs Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 45. 
 
 COCKLE, whimsical, maggotty. Jamie- 
 son gives cockle-headed as meaning 
 this. There is no corresponding word 
 in the original. 
 
 His cockle brains were dashed out near the 
 Osanna or high-cross. Uryuhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. IV. ch. xiii. 
 
 COCKLEA, a screw ; more properly 
 spelt cochlea, so called from its spiral 
 fonn, like a cockle. 
 
 Inventions for drawing off the waters out 
 of the fenns about it being by bucketts, 
 mills, cockleas, pumps, and the like. Evelyn, 
 Diary, Sept. 12, 1641. 
 
 COCKLE-DEMOIS, half cockle-shells ? 
 
 Next . . marcht a moek-maske of Baboons 
 . . . casting Cockle-demois about in courtesie, 
 by way of lardges. Chapman, Masque of 
 Mid. Temple. 
 
 COCKLES, ringlets ; cockle means to 
 twist or wrinkle. 
 
 The Queen had inkling ; instantly she sped 
 To curl the cockles of her new-bought head. 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 97. 
 
 COCKLES. Cockles of the heart = the 
 inmost recesses of the heart. L.,who 
 gives the phrase, but without example, 
 says, "The most probable explanation 
 lies (1) in the likeness of a heart to a 
 cockleshell ; the base of the former be- 
 ing compared to the hinge of the latter ; 
 (2) in the zoological name for the 
 cockle and its congeners being Car- 
 dium, from the Greek, icapSia = heart." 
 
 The sight . . . after near two months ab- 
 
 sence rejoiced the very cockles of Jerry's 
 heart. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. XII. 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 Polyglot toss'd a bumper off ; it checr'd 
 
 The cockles of his heart. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 147. 
 
 COCKLET, young cock. 
 
 "Were I to stop praying and remembering 
 my own sins daily, I could become a Demo- 
 critus Junior, and sitting upon the bench of 
 contemplation, make the world my cockpit, 
 wherein main after main of cocklets the 
 " shell " alas ! " scarce off their heads " come 
 forth to slay and be slain mutually, for no 
 quarrel, except " thou-cock art not me-cock, 
 therefore fight." C. Kingsley, 1845 (Life, i. 
 103). 
 
 COCKNYED, cockered ; in original 
 fotum. 
 But Venus enfuseth sweet sleepe to the 
 
 partye resembled, 
 Too woods Idalian thee child nice cocknyed 
 
 heauing 
 In seat of her boosom. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 677. 
 
 COCKNEYISM, that which belongs to 
 or denotes a cockney or Londoner. 
 
 Tom . . recognised the woman's Berkshire 
 accent beneath its coat of cockneyism. (7. 
 Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xxiv. 
 
 COCK OF THE CIRCUIT. See quota- 
 tions. The second shows that it was a 
 title for leading counsel generally, not 
 for one in particular, and so far the 
 phrase differs from cock of the school, 
 cock of the walk, &c. 
 
 And here I am to shew what great appli- 
 cation and industry he used in that branch 
 of his practise, which in a few years raised 
 him to the post, as they call it, of cock of the 
 circuit, which supposeth him (as truly he 
 was) a counsel of one side or other in every 
 cause of value to be tried. North, Life of 
 Lord Gvilford, i. 68. 
 
 He was exceedingly careful to keep fair 
 with the cocks of the circuit. Ibid. p. 69. 
 
 COCK-ROOD, i. e. cock -road, a net for 
 catching birds, especially woodcocks. 
 See N., s. vv. cockshut, and glade. 
 Thou hast thy cockrood, and thy glade 
 To take the precious phesant made. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 247. 
 
 COCKSHY, something put up as a 
 mark to be thrown at. 
 
 This was as if the great geologists . . . had 
 invited two rival theorists to settle the ques- 
 tion of a geological formation by picking 
 up the stones and appealing to the test of 
 a cockshy. Lord Strangford, Letters and 
 Papers, p. 215.
 
 COCK-STRIDE ( 134 ) 
 
 GOGGLED Y 
 
 COCK-STRIDE, a curious measure of 
 length. There is an old saying 
 At New Year's tide 
 The days lengthen a cock's- stride. 
 It is now February, and the Sun is gotten 
 up a cocke-stride of his climbing. JJreton, 
 Fantastickes (February). 
 
 COCK-TAIL, a drink. 
 
 James, my fine fellow, jist look alive, and 
 breng me a small glass of brandy, will ye ? 
 Did ye iver try a brandy cock-tail, Cornel V 
 Thackeray, The Ne wcomes, ch. xiii. 
 
 COCK-THRAPPLED, applied to a hunt- 
 ing horse whose windpipe bends like a 
 bow when he bridles. See N., s. v. 
 cock-tliroppled. 
 
 He was not . . . restiff, vicious, neck-re- 
 versed, or cock - thrappled , ewe -necked or 
 deer-necked, high on the leg, broken-kneed, 
 ... or sickle-hammed. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch.cxliii. 
 
 COCK-TREADING. The extract seems 
 to distinguish this both from the yolk 
 and white. 
 
 Then beat the yolks of six new laid eggs, 
 and put them into the wine on the fire ; then 
 take the cock-treading of twelve eggs and the 
 white of one egge, and beat them into an 
 oyl. Queen's Closet Opened, p. 47. 
 
 COCKWATER. The extract is part of 
 a humane receipt for "cock-water for 
 a consumption." Southey {Doctor, ch. 
 xxiv.) refers to it. 
 
 Take a running cock, pull him alive, then 
 kill him, cut him abroad by the back, take 
 out the entrails, and wipe him clean, then 
 quarter him and break his bones, then put 
 him into a rose-water still with a pottle of 
 sack. Queen's Closet Opened, p. 14 (1655). 
 
 COCKYOLY BIRDS, little birds. 
 
 Major Campbell prepares the charming 
 little cocky oly birds, and I call the sun in to 
 immortalise them. C. Kingsley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. xv. 
 
 CODD, the name given by the Charter- 
 house boys to the old pensioners ; per- 
 haps an abbreviation of codger. 
 
 Yonder sit some threescore old gentlemen 
 pensioners of the hospital. You hear them 
 coughing feebly in the twilight the old 
 reverend blackgowus. Is Codd Ajax alive, 
 you wonder ; the Cistercian lads called these 
 old gentlemen Codds, I know not wherefore. 
 Thackeray, TJie Newcomes, ch. Ixxv. 
 
 CODGER, old fellow. (See L., s. v. 
 cozier) : in the first extract it seems = 
 a precise person, a Sqnaretoes. 
 
 He gave himself the airs of an old justice 
 of the peace, and said if he did not find the 
 
 affair given up, nothing should induce him 
 ever to help me again. What a mere codger 
 that lad has turned out! Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Camilla, Bk. IX. ch. iv. 
 
 He's a rum codyer you must know, 
 At least we poor folk think him so. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. i. 
 " I haven't been drinking your health, my 
 codger," replied Mr. Squeers. Dickens, Nicho- 
 las Nickleby, ch. Ix. 
 
 My uncle Sam is more anxious about my 
 sins than the other codgers, because he is my 
 godfather. Lytton, What will he do with it ? 
 Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 CCELEST, celestial ; blew cosiest = sky- 
 blue. 
 
 Her vtmost robe was colour blew Coziest. 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 58. 
 
 COEMBODY, to unite in one body. 
 
 Father, Son, and Holy Spirit will then 
 become coembodied in this Divine body. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 252. 
 
 COFFIN, in the extract = bier, not 
 what we now call coffin. 
 
 For mendynge of coffen that carrys the 
 corsses to church. Churchwardens' Accounts 
 of S. Michael's, Cornhill, ed. by Overall, p. 
 112. 
 
 CO-FOUND, to found at the same time. 
 Fuller {Worthies, London, ii. 58), says 
 that the steeple of St. Paul's "wasorigin- 
 ally co-founded by King Ethelbert with 
 the Body of the Church. " Go-founder = 
 joint founder, is in the Diets. 
 
 COG-BOAT, a small boat or cock-boat. 
 
 As for the "Western Scottish, he so over- 
 awed them, as that no man who built ship 
 or cog-boat durst drive into it above three 
 nailes. Holland's Camden, ii. 206. 
 
 Olave fled in a little cog-boat unto his 
 father-in-law, the Earle of Rosse. Ibid. 
 p. 210. 
 
 COGFOIST, a cheat. 
 
 I had thought you would have had a sack 
 to have put this law-cracking coyfoist in 
 instead of a pair of stocks. Wily Beguiled 
 (Hawkins, Eng. Dr. iii. 307). 
 
 GOGGLE, a round stone. " Goggles, a 
 large gravel stone used for paving" 
 (Peacock's Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary}. 
 
 A flint is sooner broken with a gentle 
 stroke upon a feather-bed, than strucken 
 with all the might against a hard coggle. 
 Sanderson, i. 207. 
 
 COGGLEDY, rickety ; coggly in this 
 sense is in Jamieson. 
 
 Take care of that step-ladder though ; it is 
 coggledy, as I observed when you came down. 
 Miss Edgeicorth, Helen, ch. xxv.
 
 COGITABUND 
 
 ( 135 ) 
 
 COGITABUND, thoughtful. 
 
 These gentlemen with very cogitabund 
 aspects made up the three degrees of com- 
 parison amongst 'em. Tom Brown, Works, 
 iii. 15. 
 
 " I do think Latin words sound very odd. 
 I dare say, Miss Buruey, you know Latin 
 very well ? " I assured her to the contrary. 
 " Well," said the little fool, " I know one 
 word." " Do you ? Pray, what is it ? " 
 " Why, it's cogitabund ; it's a very droll 
 word." Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 313. 
 
 Bosch, hi a clerical dress, is seated in an 
 easy-chair, cogitabund, with a manuscript 
 open before him. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 cxii. 
 
 COGNOMINATE, to sirname or nick- 
 name. See extract s. v. DIPHRELATIC. 
 
 COGS, false dice. 
 
 It were a hard matter for me to get my 
 dinner that day wherein my master had not 
 Bold a dozen of devices, a case of cogs, and 
 a suit of shifts in the morning. Greene, 
 James IV., ii. 1. 
 
 COGUE, a keg. 
 
 Their drink is ale made of beer-malt, and 
 tunned up in a small vessel called a cogue; 
 after it has stood a few hours, they drink it 
 out of the cogue, yest and all. Modern Ac- 
 count of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. Misc., vi. 141). 
 
 A cogue of true orthodox Nantz would have 
 corrected the crudity of the custard. T. 
 Brown, Works, ii. 304. 
 
 COHABITATE, to dwell together. 
 
 Shall the graces of God cohabitate with the 
 vices of Satan ? Adams, ii. 306. 
 
 COHIBIT, to restrain. 
 It was scarce possible to cohibite people's 
 talk. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 298. 
 
 COHORN, a brass cannon, so named 
 from Cohorn, the celebrated engineer. 
 
 It was determined in a council of war that 
 five of our largest ships should attack the 
 fort on one side, while the battery played it 
 on the other, strengthened with two mortars 
 and twenty-four cohoms. Smollett, Eod. 
 Random, ch. 
 
 COINLESS, penniless ; poor. 
 
 You thought me poor and friendless too, 
 And look'd for homage you deem'd due 
 From coinless bards to men like you. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. vii. 
 
 COIN-MADE, mercenary, or simoniacal. 
 Coyne-made Pastors let the flock decay. 
 Davies, Muse's Teares, p. 13. 
 
 COINQUINATION, pollution. Cf. CONIN- 
 QUINATE. 
 
 Vntil I make a second inundation 
 
 To wash thy purest Fame's coinquination, 
 
 And make it fit for fin all conflagration. 
 
 Davies, Commendatory Poems, p. 14. 
 
 COKAGHEE, a liquor. See quotation 
 s. v. STIRE. 
 
 COLD ROSTE. H., who gives this 
 expression without example, explains 
 it "nothing to the point or purpose;" 
 in the extract it means insignificant. 
 
 He passed by a beggerie little toune of 
 cold roste in the mountaines of Sauoye. 
 UdaFs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 297. 
 
 COLD WITHOUT, spirits mixed with 
 cold water, and without sugar. 
 
 I laugh at fame. Fame, sir ! not worth a 
 glass of cold without; and as for a glass of 
 warm with sugar, and five shillings in one's 
 pocket to spend as one pleases, what is there 
 in Westminster Abbey to compare with it? 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. VI. ch. xx. 
 
 COLE, slang term for money. Wai- 
 pole gives a ballad, 1741, in which the 
 following occurs : 
 This our captain no sooner had finger'd the 
 
 cole, 
 
 But he hies him aboard with his good Madam 
 Vole. Letters to Mann, i. 22. 
 Come, my soul, 
 Post the cole ; 
 I must beg or borrow. 
 Burgoyne, Lord of the Manor, Act III. 
 Moreover, the whole of the said cash or cole 
 Shall be spent for the good of said old woman's 
 soul. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Old Woman in Grey}. 
 
 COLE-FISH, a species of gadus. 
 Cole-fish and poore-John I haue no need 
 off. Breton, Packet of Letters, p. 24. 
 
 COLIBRI, humming-bird. 
 
 "Look, Frank, that's a colibri ; you've 
 heard of colibris ? " Frank looked at the 
 living gem which hung, loud humming, over 
 some fantastic bloom, and then dashed away, 
 seemingly to call its mate, and whirred and 
 danced with it round and round the flower- 
 starred bushes, flashing fresh rainbows at 
 every shifting of the lights. C. Kingsley, 
 Westward Ho, ch. xvii. 
 
 COLICKY, pertaining to the colic. 
 See L., who, however, has no example. 
 
 I have the pleasure to hear that my mother 
 is already better a colicky disorder to which 
 she is too subject. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 ii. 256. 
 
 COLLATION, conference. 
 
 Baronius and Binnius will in no case allow 
 this for a Councill (though elsewhere ex- 
 tending that name to meaner meetings) onely
 
 COLLATIONER 
 
 ( 136 ) 
 
 COLTSTA VES 
 
 they call it a Collation, because (forsooth 1 ) ifc 
 wanted some Councill-formalities. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., II. ii. 90. 
 
 COLLATIONER, one who partakes o a 
 repast. 
 
 We, meanwhile, untitled attendants, stood 
 at the other end of the room, forming a 
 semicircle, and all strictly facing the royal 
 collationers. Mad. D'ArUay, Diary, iii. 99. 
 
 COLLATITIOUS, contributing. 
 
 Neither would he impatrouize his name to 
 the credit of that work which should be 
 raised up by other men's collatitimis liber- 
 ality. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 46. 
 
 COLLEGIAN, same as COLLEGIATE, q. v. 
 
 It became a not unusual circumstance for 
 letters to be put under his door at night 
 enclosing half-a-crown . . . for the Father 
 of the Marshalsea, "with the compliments 
 of a collegian taking leave." Dickens, Little 
 Dorrit, ch. vi. 
 
 COLLEGIATE, an inmate of a debtor's 
 prison. 
 
 His beginnings were debauched, and his 
 study and first practice in the goal. For 
 having been one of the fiercest town-rakes, 
 and spent more than he had of his own, his 
 case forced him upon that expedient for a 
 lodging, and there he ... busied himself 
 with the cases of his fe\\ow-collegiates. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 123. 
 
 COLLEPIXIE, a will o' the wisp ; also 
 called collepiskie. 
 
 I shall be ready at thine elbow to plaie the 
 parte of Hobgoblin or Collepixie, and make 
 thee for feare to weene the demll is at thy 
 polle. Udell's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 125. 
 
 COLLIFLORY, cauliflower. Gerard 
 spells it cole-flory. 
 
 There grow out of the same colewort other 
 fine colliflories (if I may so say), or tendrils. 
 Holland, Pliny, xix. 8. 
 
 COLLIGENER, caenobite, one living in 
 a monastery or college. 
 
 St. Augustine in his book entitled De operd 
 monachorum crieth out against idle colliyeners. 
 Hutchinson, Image of God, p. 203. 
 
 I shoke the dust of my fete against those 
 wicked colliyyners and prestes, accordinge to 
 Christe's commaundement. Vocacyon of 
 Johan Bale, 1553 (Harl. Misc., vi. 454). 
 
 COLLIONS. See quotation. A Hert- 
 fordshire word. 
 
 I am told that coitions is another term for 
 the same gateway flitch gate], but I never 
 heard it used. A'ir G. C. Leicis, Letters (1840), 
 p. 111. 
 
 COLLIPINT. 
 Take a handful of hysop, of figs, raisins, 
 
 dates, of each an ounce, of Collipint half a 
 handfull, French barley one ounce. Queen's 
 Closet Opened, p. 206 (1655). 
 
 COLLOCUTORY, conversational. 
 
 We proceed to give our imitation, which is 
 of- the Amaebean or Collocutory kind. Poetry 
 of A ntijacobin, p. 10. 
 
 COLLOQUING, conversing. Perhaps a 
 misprint for colloguing. 
 
 What will the ghosts of your grandfathers 
 to the seventh generation say to this, Alton ? 
 Colloguing in Pagan picture galleries with 
 shovel - hatted Philistines ? C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. vi. 
 
 COLLOQUISE, to converse. 
 
 All I had now to do was to obey him in 
 silence ; no need for me to colloquise further. 
 C. Bronte, Jam Eyre, ch. xxii. 
 
 COLONER, colonist. 
 
 [A certain tract of land] they made over 
 to coloners and new inhabitants. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 138. 
 
 COLOURY, fond of, or adorned with, 
 colour. 
 
 Behold there starts up a little man . . . 
 roundly charging you with being too airy 
 and cheery too volatile and versatile too 
 flowery and colour y. Miss Bronte, Villette, 
 ch. xxviii. 
 
 COLT, a cheat or slippery fellow. 
 L. has the verb in this sense. 
 
 Potiphar's wife accused Joseph, and the 
 Elders Susannah, of such crimes as they 
 were innocent of and themselves guilty. An 
 old trick, by which C. Verres, like a cunning 
 colt often holpe himself at a pinch. Sander- 
 son, ii. 224. 
 
 COLT. To have a colt's tooth = to 
 be fond of youthful pleasures, to be 
 wanton ; hence Marlowe uses colt for 
 tooth. 
 
 Nay, we will break the hedges of their mouths, 
 And pull their kicking colts out of their 
 
 pastures. 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. 
 
 COLTSTAVES, a coltstaff, or cowlstaff, 
 is a long pole used for carrying loads 
 suspended therefrom. A man who had 
 been beaten by his wife was set astride 
 on this, and carried in a derisive pro- 
 cession ; it was sometimes called riding 
 skimmingfon, or riding the stang, or, as 
 in the second extract, simply riding. 
 See N., s. A T . skimmington. 
 
 I know there are many that wear horns 
 and ride daily upon coltstaves, but this pro- 
 ceeds not so often from the fault of the 
 female as the silliness of the husband who 
 knows not how to manage a wife. Hmcell, 
 Letters, iv. 7.
 
 COL UMBINE 
 
 ( '37 ) 
 
 COME DOWN 
 
 Down to Greenwich, where I find the 
 stairs full of people, there being a great 
 riding there to day for a man, the constable 
 of the town, whose wife beat him. Pepys, 
 June 10, 1667. 
 
 COLUMBINE, a plant, so called from 
 the Lat. columba, a pigeon, as when its 
 outer petals are pulled off it resembles 
 that bird ; others say, because pigeons 
 are fond of it. 
 
 Next we will act how young men wooe, 
 And sigh, and kiss, as lovers do ; 
 And talke of brides, and who shall make 
 That wedding-smock, this bridal-cake ; 
 That dress, this sprig, that leaf, this vine ; 
 That smooth and silken columbine. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 231. 
 
 And the wild hop fibred closely, 
 And the large-leaved columbine. 
 Arch of door and window-mullioii 
 Did right sylvanly entwine. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, The lost bower. 
 
 COLDMEL, column. 
 
 We have in a distinct columel assigned the 
 places of their habitation. Fuller, Worthies, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 The cathedral . . . challengeth the pre- 
 cedency of all in England for a majestick 
 "Western front of columel work. Ibid. 
 Northampton (ii. 159). 
 
 COLUMNAL, of the form of a column. 
 Columnar is the commoner word. 
 Crag overhanging, nor columnal rock 
 Cast its dark outline there. 
 
 Souihey, Thalaba, Bk. xii. 
 
 COMATABILITY, accessibility. 
 
 " If a man was to sit down coolly and con- 
 sider within himself the make, the shape, 
 the construction, comatability, and conveni- 
 ence of all the parts which constitute the 
 whole of that animal, woman, and compare 
 them analogically " "I never understood 
 rightly the meaning of that word," quoth 
 my uncle Toby. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 212. 
 
 COMB-BRUSH, a ladies' maid, or under 
 ladies' maid. In Foote's Bankrupt, a 
 waiting-woman is called Kitty Comb- 
 brush. In the first extract it is a ladies' 
 maid who is addressed. 
 
 'Tis very well, Mrs. Flipflap, 'tis very 
 well ; but do you hear Tawdry, you are not 
 so alluring as you think you are Comb-brush, 
 nor I so much in love. Vanbrugh, False 
 Friend, iii. 2. 
 
 The maid who at present attended on 
 Sophia was recommended by Lady Bellaston, 
 with whom she had lived for some time in 
 the capacity of a comb-brush. Fielding, Tom 
 Jones, Bk. XVII. ch. viii. 
 
 COMB-FEAT, a dressing or thrashing ; 
 
 to comb the head of a person has the 
 same meaning. 
 
 "Come hither, I must show thee a new 
 trick, and handsomely give thee the comb- 
 feat" (un tour de peigne). With this he 
 took him by the throat, saying to him, " Thou 
 flayest the Latin, by Saint John I will make 
 thee flay the fox, for I will now flay thee 
 alive." Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 Die Joan and Will ; give Bess to Ned, 
 
 And every day she combs his head. 
 
 Swift, Joan cudgels Ned. 
 
 I'll carry you with me to my country-box, 
 and keep you out of harm's way, till I find 
 you a wife who will comb your head for you. 
 Lytton, What will he do with it ? Bk. IV. 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 COMBIND, to bind together. 
 It ... their wills combinds 
 To belch their hates, vow'd murdrers of thy 
 fame. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir E. Grinuile, 
 p. 51. 
 
 COMBINEMENT, combination. 
 
 Having no firme combinements to chayue 
 them together in their publique dangers, 
 they lay loose to the advantage of the com- 
 mon enemy. Daniel, Hist, of Eng. p. 2. 
 
 COMBURGESS, a fellow-burgess. The 
 Diets, give comburgher. 
 
 The Government of this Town is by a 
 Mayor and Aldermen, and not, as some 
 write, by an Alderman and twelve Corn- 
 burgesses. Defoe, Tour thro" G. Britain, iii. 
 37. 
 
 COME-AT-ABLE, attainable ; accessible. 
 
 The poultry was not so come-at-able as 
 their neighbours desired. T. Brown, Works, 
 iv. 133. 
 To be sure the best beer of all did not 
 
 appear, 
 For I've said 'twas in June, and so late in 
 
 the year 
 
 The Trinity Audit Ale is not come-at-able, 
 As I've found to my great grief, when dining 
 
 at that table. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (S. Dunstan). 
 
 COMEDIENT, comedian. 
 
 This doth the Comedy handle so in our 
 private and domestical matters, as with 
 hearing it, we get as it were an experience 
 what is to be looked for of a niggardly 
 Demea, . . . and not only to know what 
 effects are to be expected, but to know who 
 be such by the dignifying badge given them 
 by the comedient. Sidney, Defence of Poesie, 
 p. 552. 
 
 COME DOWN, to pay. 
 
 Do you keep the gentleman in discourse, 
 while I speak to the prisoner, and see how 
 he can come down. Johnston, Chrysal., i. 139.
 
 COME DOWN ( 138 ) COMMERCIALISM 
 
 COME DOWN, used substantially for 
 a fall. 
 
 "Why, you are the unlicensed doctor." 
 " I was," said she, " but now I'm your wor- 
 ship's washerwoman." The dignitary col- 
 oured, and said that was rather a come doicn. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. lii. 
 
 COME-OFF, evasion ; escape. 
 
 Had e'er disorders such a rare come-off? 
 Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, Act V. 
 
 It would make one grin to observe the 
 author's come-off from this and the rest of 
 the charters in this time. North, Examen, 
 p. 644. 
 
 COME OUT. When a young lady be- 
 gins to enter into society, she is said to 
 be out, or to come out. See OUT. 
 
 She has seen nothing at all of the world, 
 for she has never been presented yet, so she 
 is not come out, you know ; but she's to come 
 out next year. Mad. D'Arulay, Cecilia, Bk. 
 VI. ch. ii. 
 
 COMET, a game, long since obsolete, 
 but mentioned by Southerne (see L. ) 
 about fifty years before the subjoined 
 notice of it ; also by Farquhar in Sir 
 Harry Wildair, ii. 2. It was some- 
 thing like speculation, and was a favour- 
 ite with Frederick, Prince of Wales. 
 
 The evenings, we walk till dark ; then 
 Lady Mary, Miss Leneve, and I play at comet. 
 Walpole to Mann, i. 203 (1742). 
 
 Southey names it among other old 
 games at cards, and adds 
 
 Is there any one, I say, who has ever heard 
 of these games, unless he happens to know, 
 as I do, that rules for playing them were 
 translated from the French of the Abbe 
 Bellecour, and published for the benefit of 
 the English people, some seventy years ago, 
 by Mr. F. Newbery. The Doctor, ch. cxlii. 
 
 COME YOU SEVEN, I suppose a phrase 
 used in some game, like " seven's the 
 main," and so a gambler. 
 
 Shall I be made 
 
 A foolish nouice, my purse set a broch 
 By euerie cheating come you seauen ? 
 
 Chapman, All Fooles, II. i. 
 
 COMFORTATIVE, that which ministers 
 comfort ; the Diets, have it as an adj. 
 
 The two hundred crowns in gold ... as a 
 cordial and comfortative I carry next my 
 heart. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 COMIC, a comic writer. (L. gives a 
 quotation from the Taller where it 
 means comsedian.) 
 
 Thus did he study some paltry half hour 
 with his eyes fixed upon his book, but as the 
 
 comic saith, his mind was in the kitchen. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xx. 
 
 COMITIAL. The comitiall ill or disease 
 is the epilepsy or falling-sickness, so 
 called because if any one were seized 
 with it during the comitia or public 
 assemblies, the meeting was broken up, 
 the omen being considered bad. 
 So melancholy turned into madnes, 
 Into the palsie deep-affrighted sadnes ; 
 Th' il-habitude into the dropsie chill, 
 And Megrim growes to the Comitial-ill. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, p. 583. 
 
 Our [asses] liver, hoofs, or bones being 
 reduc'd to powder are good, as the naturalists 
 note, against the epilepsy or comitiall sick- 
 nesse. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 26. 
 
 COMMACERATE, to make lean. 
 
 They are the most traytours themselves to 
 his life, health, and quiet, in continual corn- 
 macerating him with dread and terror. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 177). 
 
 COMMEND, compliment. L. says this 
 word is only found in the plural, but 
 the extract shows this to be a mistake. 
 The singular also occurs in Pericles, ii. 
 2 (quoted by R.), but there it means 
 praise. 
 
 Phy. Thanks, master jailer, and a kind 
 commend. 
 
 Jail. As much unto your ladyship. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Kniyht, Act V. 
 
 COMMENDS, a commendation. 
 You give yourself a plausible commends. 
 Marmion, Antiquary, Act I. 
 
 COMMENTATION, comments or notes. 
 I suspect North means the word for 
 commentition lie : though he may 
 use the word = gloss. Milton has 
 commentitious. 
 
 His papers of long study, and much com- 
 mentation, with his choice books, were either 
 rifled, or, it may be, burnt with Cawood 
 Castle. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 207. 
 
 At this rate he works to cover the real 
 truth of the proceedings of those times, and 
 in their room sets up mere inventions and 
 commentations of faction. North, Examen, p. 
 234. 
 
 COMMENTY, community. The extract 
 is a quotation from Prov. xxiv. 24 ; 
 nations is the word in the Auth. Version. 
 
 Him shall the people curse, yea, the com- 
 menty shall abhor him. Becon, ii. 307. 
 
 COMMERCIALISM, trading spirit. 
 
 And this was the consistent Nemesis of all 
 poor George's thrift and cunning, of his 
 determination to carry the buy-cheap-and- 
 sell-dear commercialism, in which he had been
 
 COMMEROUS 
 
 ( 139 ) 
 
 COMPASSL Y 
 
 brought up, into every act of life. C. Kings- 
 ley, Alton Locke, ch. xxxix. 
 
 COMMEROUS, cumbrous. 
 
 If your honour will hear these challenges, 
 ye shall hear such commerouse trifles and 
 brabbles that ye shall be weary. Abp. 
 Parker, p. 249. 
 
 COMMIXATION, mingling. 
 
 The trim commixation 
 Of confus'd fancies, full of alteration, 
 Makes th' understanding dull. 
 
 Sylvester, Eden, 700. 
 
 COMMODE, a procuress. 
 
 A pretty lodging we have hit upon ; the 
 mistress a commode, and the master a but 
 who can this ward be? Foote, Englishman 
 in Paris, Act I. 
 
 COMMODE, accommodating. 
 So, sir, am I not very commode to you ? 
 Gibber, Prov. Husband, Act IV. 
 
 COMMODELY, conveniently. 
 
 You found the whole garden filled with 
 masks, and spread with tents, which remained 
 al 1 night very commodely. Walpole to Mann, 
 ii. 289 (1749). 
 
 I don't mean to treat you with a rowing for 
 a badge, but it will fall in very commodely 
 between my parties. Ibid., Letters, ii. 103 
 (1759). 
 
 COMMONER, a sharer. L. has it in 
 the sense of one having rights of com- 
 mon with others, but Fuller uses the 
 word in a more general sense. 
 
 Lewis would not leave them, that they 
 might not leave him, but resolved to be a 
 commoner with them in weal and wo. Fuller, 
 Holy War, IV. xvi. 
 
 COMMONERESS, wife of a commoner. 
 
 Peers, commoners, and counsel, peeresses, 
 commoneresses and the numerous indefinites 
 crowded every part. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 v. 197. 
 
 COMMONPLACENESS, ordinariness ; an 
 absence of anything striking or re- 
 markable. 
 
 Our Vicar . . . happens to be rather drowsy 
 and even depressing in the monotony of his 
 commonplaceness. Black, Adventures of a 
 Phaeton, ch. xix. 
 
 COMMORANT, a resident. 
 
 Rabbi Jacob, a Jew born, whom I remem- 
 ber for a long time a commorant in the Uni- 
 versity. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 10. 
 
 I never heard a respondent better hunted 
 in all my time that I was a commorant in 
 Cambridge. Ibid. i. 32. 
 
 COMMOTION, to move, disturb; the 
 extract will be found at more length 
 . v. UPBRAID. 
 
 He felt it commotion a little and upbraid 
 him. JVasfo, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc. vi. 
 166). 
 
 COMOGRAPHIO, description of a KUfjuj. 
 (See quotation.) 
 
 Condemn not this our Como-yraphic or 
 description of a country-town as too low and 
 narrow a subject. Fuller, Hist, of Waltham, 
 Abbey, p. 17. 
 
 COMPACK, pack together. 
 But th' art of man not only can compack 
 Features and forms that life and nature lack, 
 But also fill the aire with painted shoals 
 Of flying creatures. 
 
 Sylvester, sixth day, first weeks, 888. 
 Them giuing children moe than in the 
 
 heauen 
 
 Are starrie circles light as firie leauen : 
 And mo then Northren windes (that driues 
 
 the rack) 
 Of Cyrene sands in numbers can compack. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, i. 318. 
 
 COMPACT, to agree. 
 
 Saturne resolued to destroy his male chil- 
 dren, either hauing so compacted with his 
 brother Titan, or to preuent the prophesie, 
 which was that his sonne should depose him. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 225. 
 
 COMPACTILE, fastened together. 
 
 These [garlands] were made up after all 
 ways of art, compactile, sutile, plectile. Sir 
 T. Brown, Tract II. 
 
 COMPANIONED, accompanied. 
 
 He bowed to the ground, and would have 
 taken my hand, his whip in the other : I did 
 not like to be so companioned ; I withdrew 
 my hand. Richardson, Cl. Harloice, ii. 5. 
 
 COMPANIONLESS, solitary. 
 
 There she sat and sewed, and probably 
 laughed drearily to herself, as companionless 
 as a prisoner in his dungeon. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 COMPANY-KEEPER, a'reveller, or rake. 
 
 Yet be it acknowledged that at the age of 
 sixteen I became a company-keeper, being led 
 into idle conversation by my extraordinary 
 love to singing. Memoirs of P. P., Clerk of 
 this Parish. 
 
 COMPASS, in a circular fashion. Cf. 
 "COMPASSED window" (Trail, and 
 Cress, i. 2). A few lines below the 
 extract Sandys speaks of " a compast 
 roofe." 
 
 The other part . . . doth containe within 
 a concaue about three yards square, the roofe 
 hewne compasse. Sandys, Travels, p. 167. 
 
 COMPASSLY, fittingly ; in good order. 
 Th' Eternall-Trine who made all compassly, 
 Makes the vnder waues the vppers want 
 
 supply. Sylvester, The Lawe, p. 540.
 
 COMPETITIONER ( 14 ) 
 
 CON-ARGUER 
 
 COMPETITIONER, a fellow-petitioner. 
 
 They spake to the Saints . . . moving them 
 to be competitioners with us to the throne of 
 grace. Bp. Hall, Works, ix. 365. 
 
 COMPILE, accumulation. 
 Hence sprang the loves of Joue, the Sonne's 
 
 exile, 
 
 The shame of Mars and Venus in a net, 
 Juno's forsaken bed, Saturn's compile 
 Of frantike discontentment, which beset 
 All heauen with armes. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of 
 Sir R. Grinuile, p. 51. 
 
 COMPITOB, competitor ; for which it 
 is perhaps a misprint. 
 
 Harald, being at hand, carried it ; the first 
 act of whose raigne was the banishment, and 
 surprizing all the treasure of his stepmother, 
 Queen Emma ; then the putting out the eyes 
 of Alfried her soune his compitor. Daniel, 
 Hist, of Eng., p. 18. 
 
 COMPLAIN, complaint. 
 
 He sick to lose 
 
 The amorous promise of her lone complain, 
 Swoon'd murmuring of love, and pale with 
 
 pain. Keats, Lamia. 
 
 COMPLECT, to weave together. Ster- 
 ling blames Carlyle for using this word. 
 See extract s. v. ENVIRONMENT. 
 
 By what chains, or indeed infinitely com- 
 plected tissues, of meditation, this grand 
 theorem is here unfolded ... it were per- 
 haps a mad ambition to attempt exhibiting. 
 Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 COMPLEXIONLESS, without a complex- 
 ion ; colourless. 
 
 In those four male personages, although 
 complexionless and eyebrowless, I beheld four 
 members of the Family P. Salcy. Dickens, 
 Uncommercial Traveller, xxv. 
 
 COMPLIANT, a complier ; the word is 
 usually an adj. Fuller reckons among 
 the objections to the Liturgy 
 
 It being a compliant with the Papists in a 
 great part of their service doth not a little 
 confirm them in their superstition and idol- 
 atry. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. x. 8. 
 
 COMPLICACY, complex nature. 
 
 Among the earliest tools of any complicacy 
 which a man-of-letters gets to handle are his 
 class-books. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. II. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 COMPLY, to bend, or, perhaps, to em- 
 brace. 
 
 Witty Ovid by 
 
 Whom faire Corinna sits, and doth comply 
 With yvorie wrists his laureat head. 
 
 Herrick, Hesjterides, p. 221. 
 
 COMPOUNDABLE, capable of being 
 compounded. 
 
 A penalty of not less than forty shillings 
 or more than five pounds compoundable for a 
 term of imprisonment. Dickens, Uncommer- 
 cial Traveller', xii. 
 
 COMPRESBYTER, fellow - presbyter. 
 Milton, in the same book, but two or 
 three pages earlier, has the adj. com- 
 presbyterial, and this is given by R. 
 and L. 
 
 Cyprian in many places . . . speaking of 
 presbyters calls them his compresliyters, as 
 if he deemed himself no other, whereas by 
 the same place it appears he was a bishop. 
 Milton, Of Reformation in Eng., bk. i. 
 
 COMPULSE, to compel. 
 
 Many parents constrain their sons and 
 daughters to marry where they love not, and 
 some are beaten arid compulsed Latimer, i. 
 170. 
 
 Before calamity she is a tigress ; she rends 
 her woes, shivers them in compulsed abhor- 
 rence. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxiii. 
 
 COMPDRSION, drawing together. 
 
 He deemed it most prudent, in the situ- 
 ation he was in at present, to bear it, if pos- 
 sible, like a Stoick ; which, with the help of 
 some wry faces and compursions of the mouth, 
 he had certainly accomplished, had his im- 
 agination continued neuter. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, iii. 210. 
 
 COMPUTATE, to compute. 
 
 Garisons disposed in seuerall limits of the 
 land with their companies, consisting of 
 sundry strange nations, computated in all to 
 be fifty-two thousand foote, and three hun- 
 dred horse. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 4. 
 
 COMPUTATOR, computer. 
 
 The intense heat ... is proved by compu- 
 tators, from its vicinity to the sun, to be 
 more than equal to that of red hot iron. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 153. 
 
 COMRADESHIP, intimate fellowship. 
 
 Some of his Madeira acquaintanceships 
 were really good ; and one of them, if not 
 more, ripened into comradeship and friend- 
 ship for him. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. 
 II. ch. v. 
 
 CON, to direct the course of a ship. 
 See CON. 
 
 Con the ship, so ho ! mind your steerage. 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xx. 
 
 I could con or fight a ship as well as ever. 
 Hughes, Tom Erown at Oxford, ch. viii. 
 
 CON-ARGUER, an opposer ; an arguer 
 on the contrary side. 
 
 This method put the con-aryiiers and ob- 
 jectors straight into the midst of the plot. 
 North, Examen, p. 234.
 
 CONCEDENCE ( 141 ) CONCUPISCENTIAL 
 
 CONCEDENCE, concession. 
 
 All I had to apprehend was that a daughter 
 so reluctautly carried off would offer terms 
 to her father, and would be accepted upon a 
 mutual concedence ; they to give up Solmes, 
 she to give up me. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 iii. 116. 
 
 CONCEITEB, fancier. Greene (Mena- 
 jdion, p. 23) calls Dolphins " sweete 
 conceipters of Musicke." 
 
 CONCELEBRATE, to celebrate together. 
 
 Here I could breake out into a boundlesse 
 race of oratory, in shrill trumpetting and 
 concelebratiny the royall magnificence of her 
 government. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 149). 
 
 Wherein the wives of Amnites solemnly 
 Concelebrate their high feasts Bacchanall. 
 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 231. 
 
 CONCERNED, Irish expression for in- 
 toxicated ; or, flustered with drink. 
 Which, and I am sure I have been his serv- 
 ant four years since October, 
 And he never call'd me worse than sweet- 
 heart, drunk or sober ; 
 Not that I know his .Reverence was ever 
 
 concern'd to my knowledge, 
 Tho' you and your come-rogues keep him 
 out so late in your wicked college. 
 Swift, Mary, the cook-maid, to Dr. Sheridan. 
 Oh, she's a light-skirts! yea, and at this 
 
 present 
 A little, as you see, concerned with liquor. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. iii. 3. 
 
 CONCERNER, one who belongs to or 
 has concerns with another (?). 
 
 He had 
 
 His loves too and his mistresses ; was enter' d 
 Among the philosophical Madams, was 
 As great with them as their concerners ; and 
 
 I hear 
 Kept one of them in pension. 
 
 Maine, City Watch, i. 1. 
 
 CONCESSIBLE, capable of being granted. 
 
 It was built upon one of the most con- 
 cessible postulatums in Nature. Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, vi. 157. 
 
 One could pity this poor Irish people ; 
 their case is pitiable enough. The claim 
 they started with in 1641 was for religious 
 freedom. Their claim, we can now all see, 
 was just ; essentially just, though full of 
 intricacy ; difficult to render clear and con- 
 cessible. Carlyle, Cromwell's Letters, &c., ii. 
 44. 
 
 CONCINNE, neat ; elegant. 
 
 Beauty consists in a sweet variety of col- 
 ours, and in a concinne disposition of different 
 parts. Adams, i. 398. 
 
 CONCIPIENT, conceiving. 
 
 Here many a fetus laugh and half encore, 
 Clings to the roof, or creeps along the floor ; 
 By puffs concipient some in ether flit, 
 And soar in bravos from the thundering pit. 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 140. 
 
 CONCORD, to set at one ; to bring into 
 harmony. 
 
 He lived and died with general councils 
 in his pate, with windmills of union to con- 
 cord Rome and England, England and Rome, 
 Germany with them both. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 102. 
 
 The king was now at Whitehall, and the 
 French agents plied it to concord conditions 
 for the royal marriage. Ibid. i. 212. 
 
 CONCORD, a legal instrument, defined 
 by Bailey, " an agreement between par- 
 ties who intend the levying of fines 
 upon lands one to another." 
 
 One John Throkmorton, a justicer of 
 Cheshire in Queen Elizabeth's days, for not 
 exhibiting a judicial concord with all the de- 
 fects of the same, but supplying or filling 
 up what was worn out of the authentical 
 original, was fined for being over officious. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. i. 9. 
 
 After the licence actually obtained, and 
 the king's silver paid, without which the 
 concord is no fine, the fine is perfected, 
 though in some other respects deficient. 
 Hence, as I take it, the concord is called a 
 fine levied, and not because it is Jlnis litium. 
 Nm-th, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 204. 
 
 CONCORDIOUS, harmonious. 
 
 The King found himself at more leisure 
 and freedom in the absence of the Lord 
 Marquess to study the calling of a comfort- 
 able and concordious Parliament. Hackct, 
 Life of Williams, i. 109. 
 
 CONCORDIOUSLY, harmoniously. 
 
 The business was concordiously despatched. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 22. 
 
 CONCORRUPT, to corrupt together. 
 His foule contagion concorrupted all 
 His fellow-creatures. 
 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 4. 
 
 CONCREDE, to entrust : perhaps mis- 
 print for concredit. 
 
 [I] did not all this time imagine or conceit 
 that he intended in any way to defraud the 
 trust concreded to him by the Parliament. 
 Sir Hugh Cholmley's Revolt, 1643, p. 4. 
 
 CONCUBINIZE, to take as a concubine. 
 The extract is quoted by Southey in 
 The Cid, p. 29. 
 
 If thou beholdest a beautiful woman, con- 
 cubmize her. though she seem coy ; thou 
 wilt be a better man. Owen's transl. of 
 Mabinoc/ion. 
 
 CONCUPISCENTIAL, lustful.
 
 CONCUPISCIBLE ( 142 ) CONFORMITAN 
 
 By the practise of these austerities I 
 thought you had quench'd those concupiscen- 
 tiall&amea. Hoicell, Parly of Beasts, p. 134. 
 
 CONCUPISCIBLE, to be desired ; it 
 usually means desiring, lustful, as in 
 Meas. for Meas. V. i. 
 
 Never did thy eyes behold or thy concu- 
 piscence covet anything in this world more 
 concupiscible than widow Wadman. Sterne, 
 2V. Shandy, v. 47. 
 
 CONCURRENT, an opponent ; a Latin- 
 ism. 
 
 After him, Gratian took upon him the 
 Empire . . . : whereat Maximus, a Spaniard 
 borne, his concurrent, and withal descended 
 in right line from Constantinus the Great, 
 . . . was . . highly discontented. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 82. 
 
 Whose sonne Patrick was by the Barrets 
 his concurrents murdered in feud. Ibid. ii. 
 40. 
 
 Therefore proceedes he by all meanes to 
 vexe and disgrace him, and to advance his 
 concurrent the Archbishop of Yorke. Daniel, 
 Hist, of Em/., p. 72. 
 
 CONCUTIENT, meeting together with 
 violence. 
 
 The negroes on the maternal estate . . 
 would meet in combat like two concutient 
 cannonballs. Thackeray, Virginians, ch. xl. 
 
 CONDIDDLE, to purloin. H. gives it 
 (but without example) as a Devonshire 
 word. " 
 
 "Twig the old connoissceur," said the 
 Squire to the Knight, " he is condiddlincj the 
 drawing." Scott, S. Ronan's Well, i. 71. 
 
 CONDITURE, a seasoning. 
 
 Halec or Alec . . . was a conditure and 
 sawce much affected by antiquity. Sir T. 
 Brown, Tract iv. 
 
 CONDUCT, or CONDUCT MONEY, an ex- 
 action levied by Charles I. on the pre- 
 text of paying travelling expenses of 
 troops. Cf . COAT-MONEY, with which it 
 is always joined. The second extract 
 is furnished in the notes to Hales's 
 Areopagitica, 2nd ed. 
 
 "Who shall then sticke closest to ye, and 
 excite others ? Not he who takes up urines 
 for cote and conduct and his four nobles of 
 Danegelt. Milton, Areopagitica, p. 50. 
 
 He will join as many shields together as 
 would make a Roman testudo or Macedonian 
 phalanx, to fortify the nobility of a new 
 made lord that will pay for the impresting 
 of them, and allow him coat and conduct 
 money. Butler, Characters (Tfte Herald). 
 
 CONFAB, an abbreviation of confabu- 
 late. L. has it as a substantive. 
 
 Mrs. Thrale and I were dressing, and as 
 usual confabbing. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 
 120. 
 
 CONFECTIONARY, store-room, the place 
 where confections are kept. 
 
 Here, ladies, are the keys of the stores, of 
 the confectionary, of the wine-vaults. Rich- 
 ardson, Grandison, ii. 226. 
 
 CONFER, to confer on. 
 I tell them all that high Jove bowed his 
 
 head, 
 As first we went aboard our fleet for sign we 
 
 should confer 
 These Trojans their due fate and death. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, ii. 307. 
 
 CONFESSAL, confession. 
 
 "When the matter is so plaine that it can 
 not be denied or traversed, it is good that it 
 be justified by confessal and auoidance. 
 Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. 
 xix. 
 
 CONFESSIONAIRE, a penitent ; one who 
 has made confession. 
 
 By means of this supposed ingenuity, 
 Lovelace obtains a praise instead of a merited 
 dispraise, and, like an absolved confessionaire, 
 wipes off, as he goes along, one score, to begin 
 another. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, ii. 153. 
 
 CONFESSIONARY, a place for hearing 
 confessions. 
 
 "We concur in opinion that these stalls, of 
 which kind there are many in good preserv- 
 ation, have been improperly termed confes- 
 sionaries or confessionals. Archaol. x. 299 
 (1792). 
 
 CONFINE, a neighbour. (L. marks 
 this word as rare and obsolete, and sup- 
 plies a single instance ; it seems worth 
 while to add another. Sylvester is 
 speaking of the confusion of languages.) 
 Or if we talk, but with our neer confines, 
 We borrow ruontb.es, or else we work by 
 
 signes. 
 
 Babylon, 260. 
 
 CONFISCATE, in the extract is applied 
 to the man. though of course it is his 
 goods that are really referred to. 
 
 For which notorious crimes, ... he was 
 committed unto ward, and breaking prison, 
 was confiscated and proclaimed traytor. 
 Heylin, Hist, of the Presbyterians, p. 331. 
 
 CONFLAGRATE, to burn. 
 
 Popularity is as a blaze of illumination, 
 or alas ! of conflagration kindled round a man 
 . . . conjlagrating the poor man himself into 
 ashes and caput mortuum. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 144. 
 
 CONFORMITAN, conformist. Cf. NON- 
 
 CONFORMITANT.
 
 CONFRAIR Y 
 
 CONN ATI VM 
 
 With God, I dare boldly say, there is 
 neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, Protestant 
 nor Puritan, Conformitan or Non-conform- 
 itan, but faith and love in Christ is all in all. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 8. 
 
 CONFRAIRY, a fraternity. 
 
 The confrairies are fraternities of devotees 
 who inlist themselves under the banners of 
 particular saints. Smollett, France and Italy, 
 Letter xxvii. 
 
 CONFEIGERATE, to freeze together. 
 There stands He shaking in a feauer-flt, 
 "While the cold aire His wounds confriyerates. 
 Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 16. 
 
 CONFRONT, an opposition. 
 
 He finds the Parliament professing hos- 
 tility against him by their command and 
 overt act, denying him way into the town of 
 Hull, and the use of his Magazine ; a confront 
 no less outrageous than if they had given 
 him battel. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 
 187. 
 
 CONGREDIENTS, things that come 
 together ; component parts. 
 
 The conyredients, the preparations . . . are 
 so held as to be conveyed to a cleanly mind 
 by no language. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, vi. 
 201. 
 
 CONGREGATIONER, Congregationalist 
 or Independent. 
 
 O how these blasphemed the name, and 
 slander'd the footsteps of God's Anointed, 
 who laid our good King forth as a Papist 
 to their rabble, since he would neither be 
 for the Consistorians nor Congregationers. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 197. 
 
 CONGRESSION, meeting ; contact ; col- 
 lision. 
 
 Not perplexing you in first or last with 
 anything handled in any other interpreter, 
 further than I must conscionably make con- 
 yression with such as have diminished, man- 
 gled, and maimed my most worthily, most 
 tendered author. Chapman, Comment on II. i. 
 
 CONINQUINATE, to pollute together. 
 O let these wounds, these woundes inde- 
 
 prauate 
 
 Be holy sanctuaries for my whole Man ; 
 That though sinnes sores it oft coninquinate, 
 Yet there it may be made as white as 
 swanne. Davies, Holy Eood, p. 28. 
 
 CONJUGACY, marriage. 
 
 Every History of England shews at large 
 what good and great works Bishops and 
 other Church-men in England did, not onely 
 in their Papal Celibacy, but in their Primi- 
 tive and later Conjuyacy. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 355. 
 
 CONJUGATION, marriage. 
 Dick heard, and tweedling, ogling, bridling, 
 
 Turning short round, strutting and sidleing, 
 Attested glad his approbation 
 Of an immediate conjugation. 
 
 Cotrper, Pairing Time anticipated. 
 
 CONJDGIAL. See quotation. 
 
 Conjugial for conjugal, though allowed by 
 a few Latin examples, is a pedantry on 
 Swedenborg's part. C. Kinysley, Lett, and 
 Mem., ii. 259. 
 
 CONJURING, solemn entreaty: con- 
 juring usually = leger-de-main from 
 the idea of the dealer in magic con- 
 juring spirits to assist him : the penult- 
 imate of the word in this sense is 
 short ; in the extract most people would 
 pronounce it long. Gauden is speaking 
 of the exhortations in the New Test, 
 to peace and charity. 
 
 These holy charms, these pious and pa- 
 thetic conjurings, these Divine prayings and 
 charitable beseechings are much forgotten. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 132. 
 
 CONJUROR. To say that a man is no 
 conjuror implies that he is not very 
 wise ; this sense is given in L., but the 
 quotation appended hardly illustrates 
 it. Cf. WITCH. 
 
 Sir Sampson has a son that is expected to- 
 night ; and by the account I have heard of his 
 education can be no conjuror. Conyreve, Love 
 for Love, ii. 9. 
 I was never taken for a conjuror before, I'd 
 
 have you to know. 
 Lord! said I, don't be angry, I am sure I 
 
 never thought you so : 
 You know, I honour the cloth ; I design to 
 
 be a Parson's wife ; 
 I never took one in your coat for a conjuror 
 
 in all my life. 
 
 Swift, Petition of Frances Harris. 
 
 CONKS. See quotation. 
 
 " Well yo' lasses will have your conks " 
 (private talks), " I know ; secrets 'bout 
 sweethearts and such like." Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. vi. 
 
 CONN, the steerage. See CON. 
 
 He only discovered my departure by the 
 tittering of the other midshipmen and the 
 quartermaster at the conn. Marryat, Fr. 
 Mildmay, ch. iv. 
 
 CONNATIONAL, belonging to the same 
 nation. 
 
 It is a sanction of nature to spare the 
 blood of citizens, connatural, collateral, con- 
 national with ourselves. Adams, i. 183. 
 
 CON NATIVE, fellow - native. The 
 meaning of the extract seems to be 
 that the heathen have some excuse for
 
 CONNIVE 
 
 CONSORTIER 
 
 using tobacco, it being indigenous to 
 
 their country. 
 
 Yet th' Heathen have with th' ill some good 
 
 withall, 
 
 Sith their [there ?] connative 'tis connatural!. 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 40. 
 
 CONNIVE ON, to connive at. 
 
 Pray you connive 
 On my weak tenderness. 
 
 Massinger, The Picture, iii. 2. 
 
 CONNIVE WITH, to tamper with or to 
 pass over. 
 
 And for those statutes made for the pre- 
 servation of religion, they are all ... in full 
 force, and in free execution ; nor were they 
 ever intended to be connived with in the 
 least syllable. Racket, Life of Williams, i. 
 178. 
 
 CONNIXATION, swallowing up in snow. 
 
 As we have never had a rainbow to assure 
 us that the world shall not be snowed to 
 death, I thought last night was the general 
 connixation. Walpole, Letters, ii. 337 (1762). 
 
 CONQUERLESS, invincible. 
 The damned Nauie did a glimmering send, 
 By which Sir Kichard might their power 
 
 reueale, 
 "Which seeming conquerlesse did cenquests 
 
 lend. 
 G. Markham, Tracj. of Sir R. Grinuile, 57. 
 
 CONQUEST, to conquer. 
 
 To conquest these fellowes the man I wil 
 play. Preston, King Cambises (Hawkins, Ena. 
 Dr., i. 261). 
 
 CONSACRE, to consecrate. 
 Lo here these Champions that have (bravely- 
 bold) 
 
 Withstood proud Tyrants, stoutly consacring 
 Their lives and soules to God in suffering. 
 
 Sylvester, Triumph of Faith, iii. 5. 
 There was a Peach-Tree growing there amid 
 God-Camosh Temple, to him consacred. 
 
 Ibid. Maiden's Blush, 672. 
 
 CONSCIUNCLE, applied contempt- 
 uously to an over - scrupulous con- 
 science. Cf. PASSIUNCLE. 
 
 The canonists are good bone-setters for a 
 bone that was never broken ; their rubrics 
 are filled with punctilios not for consciences, 
 but for consciuncles. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 66. 
 
 CONSENTIENTLY, with full consent ; 
 ex animo. 
 
 Mentally, spiritually, charitably, cordially, 
 and consentiently he still adhered to the 
 Catholick Conformity and Unity. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 4. 
 
 CONSEQUENCES, a game, something 
 like cross-readings. 
 
 They met for the sake of eating, drinking, 
 and laughing together, playing at cards or 
 consequences, or any other game that was 
 sufficiently noisy. Miss Austen, /Sense and 
 Sensibility, ch. xxiii. 
 
 CONSEQUENTIAL, an inference or re- 
 sult. 
 
 It may be thought superfluous to spend so 
 many words upon our author's precious 
 observations out of the Lord Clarendon's 
 History, and some consequential as I have 
 done. North, Examen, p. 29. 
 
 CONSEQUENTIALNESS, pompOUS EITO- 
 
 gance. 
 
 Let 
 
 Her pamper'd lap-dog with his fetid breath 
 In bold bravado join, and snap and growl, 
 With petulant consequentialness elate. 
 
 Southey, To A. Cunningham. 
 
 CONSERVATORY, preservative. Jer. 
 Taylor has the word in this sense as a 
 substantive. 
 
 She transmits a souvrain and conservatory 
 influence through all the members, without 
 which the whole man must in the fleetest 
 article of time be but a cadaver. Howell, 
 Parly of Beasts, p. 143. 
 
 CONSIDERABLES, things of import- 
 ance ; for similar uses, see s. v. OB- 
 
 SERVABLES. 
 
 He had a rare felicity in speedy reading of 
 books, and as it were but a turning them 
 over would give an exact account of all 
 considerables therein. Fuller, Holy State, 
 
 II. x. 7. 
 
 The passages behind the curtain (consider-' 
 ables concealed from us) might much alter 
 the case. Ibid., Ch. Hist., II. ii. 34. 
 
 Few considerables in that age (which was 
 the crisis of regal and papal power in this 
 land) will escape our discovery herein. Ibid. 
 
 III. iii. 29. 
 
 CONSOLATE, consolatory. 
 
 Both my love and my gratitude would 
 make a visit now and then from my dear 
 Miss Howe the most consolate thing in the 
 world to me. Richardson, Cl. Harloice, vii. 
 40. 
 
 CONSOLATRIX, female consoler. 
 Love, the consolatrix, met him again. 
 Mrs. Oliphant, Salem Chapel, ch. xxvi. 
 
 CONSOLE, a pier-table or bracket ; a 
 French word, but naturalized with us. 
 
 Adele was leading me by the hand round 
 the room, showing me the beautiful books and 
 ornaments on the consoles and chiffonieres. 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xiii. 
 
 CONSORTIER, taker of a part in a con- 
 cert. 
 
 His lordship had not been long master of
 
 CONSPIRACY 
 
 ( 145 ) CONTEMPTUOUS 
 
 the viol, and a sure^wBOJi 
 composer. North. Life of 
 273. 
 
 j>tit he turned 
 ord Guilford, ii. 
 
 CONSPIRACY, combination (physical). 
 
 If she sit still, that is best, for so is the 
 conspiracy of her several graces, held best 
 together to mak^ne perfect figure of beauty. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, Bk. III. p. 382. 
 
 CONSPIS|ATE, to thicken together. 
 For that which doth conspissate active is. 
 H. More, Infinity of Worlds, st. 14. 
 
 CONSTABILITY, office of a constable. 
 
 The King still creates a Constable for the 
 ceremony of the coronation ; but his Con- 
 stability ceases immediately after the cere- 
 mony is over. Misson, Travels in Eng., p. 
 128. 
 
 CONSTABLE. To outrun the constable 
 = to get into pecuniary difficulties. 
 
 Afterwards there was another trick found 
 out to get money, and after they had got 
 it, another Parliament was called to set all 
 right, &c., but now they have so outrun the 
 constable. Selden, Table Talk (Money). 
 
 " Harkee, my girl, how far have you over- 
 run the constable ? " I told him that the debt 
 amounted to eleven pounds, besides the ex- 
 pence of the writ. Smollett, Roderick Ran- 
 dom, ch. xxiii. 
 Poor man ! at th' election he threw t' other 
 
 day, 
 
 All his victuals, and liquor, and money away ; 
 And some people think with such haste he 
 
 began, 
 That soon he the constable greatly outran. 
 
 Anstey,New Hath Guide, Letter vii. 
 
 CONSTITUTIONALITY, adherence to the 
 constitution ; constitutionalism. 
 
 Rule afterwards with utmost constitution- 
 ality ; doing justice, loving mercy, being 
 shepherd of this indigent people, not shearer 
 merely, aid shepherd's similitude. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 CONSULAGE, consulate. 
 
 At Council we debated the buisinesse of 
 the Consulate of Leghorne. Evelyn, Diary, 
 Nov. 8, 1672. 
 
 CONSULT, a person consulted ; a 
 doctor. 
 
 " Has she taken the dose of emetick ? " 
 says the doctor. " Yes," answered the maid, 
 " but it had no effect." " Bon," cries the con- 
 sult, " a happy prognostic." " It cast her into 
 convulsions," continued the maid. " Better 
 yet," says the consult." Gentleman Id- 
 structed, p. 543. 
 
 CONSULTIVELY, purposely. 
 
 I f eare it would be a theame displeasant to 
 the grave modesty of the discreet present 
 magistrates, and therefore consultivefy I over- 
 
 slip it. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 149). 
 
 CONSULTO, council. 
 
 I troubled his Highness with a long rela- 
 tion of the consulto we had about His 
 Majesty's taking the oaths. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 144. 
 
 Scarce any in all the consulto did vote to 
 my Lord Duke's satisfaction. Ibid. i. 169. 
 
 CONSUMEDLY, excessively. 
 
 I believe they talk'd of me, for they 
 laugh'd consumedly. Farquhar, Beaux Stra- 
 tagem, III. i. 
 
 " Have you seen his new carriage ? " says 
 Snarley. " Yes," says Yow, " he's so consum- 
 edly proud of it, that he can't see his old 
 friends while he drives." Thackeray, Shabby 
 Genteel Story, ch. iii. 
 
 "We might, if we chose, go into a small 
 parlour smelling consumedly of gin and coarse 
 tobacco. Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, 
 ch. xviii. 
 
 CONSUMELESS, unconsumable ; inde- 
 structible. 
 Look, sister, how the queasy - stomach 'd 
 
 graves 
 
 Vomit their dead, and how the purple waves 
 Scald their consunieless bodies. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, iii. 14. 
 
 CONSUMPTUOUS, consumptive. 
 
 This vitall and natural Balsam of piety 
 once decayed, dried up, or exhausted by un- 
 christian calentures, no wonder if the whole 
 constitution of Religion grow weak, ricketty 
 and consumptuous. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 262. 
 
 CONTAINMENT. L. has this word as 
 competence ; in the subjoined passage 
 it seems to mean substance, that which 
 was contained in the estate. 
 
 Twenty pounds a moneth, a vast sum . . . 
 enough to shatter the conteinment of a rich 
 man's estate. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. iv. 9. 
 
 CONTEJIPLANT, meditative ; observant. 
 Contemplant Spirits ! ye that hover o'er 
 With untired gaze the immeasurable fount 
 Ebullient with creative Deity. 
 
 Coleridge, Religious Musings. 
 
 CONTEMPT, to contemn ; for which, 
 perhaps, it is a slip of the pen or of 
 the press. 
 
 I regretted that the Swedes and Danes 
 should so much contempt each other. Southey, 
 Letters, 1822 (iii. 356). 
 
 CONTEMPTUOUS, despised. 
 
 The preste to shewe no compassion, the 
 levite to ministre no mercye, and, last of all, 
 the contemptuouse Samaritaue to exercise all 
 L
 
 CONTESTATION ( 146 ) 
 
 CONTJIA- YER VA 
 
 the offices of pitye. Vocacyon of Johan Bale, 
 1553 (Harl. Misc., vi. 451). 
 
 CONTENTATION, usually = content ; but 
 in the extract means contention. It 
 may be a misprint, but N. gives an in- 
 stance of contention being employed, 
 where contentation, i. e. content, seems 
 to be meant. 
 
 There is no weak contentation between 
 these, and the labour is hard to reconcile 
 them. Adams, i. 454. 
 
 CONTENTFULNESS, satisfaction. 
 
 "With great content all the day, as I think 
 I ever passed a day in my life, because of 
 the contentfulness of our errand, and the 
 nobleness of the company, and our manner 
 of going. Pepys, July 24, 1665. 
 
 CONTENUMENT, continuance. 
 
 The worst I wish our Euglish Gentry is, 
 that, by God's blessing on their thrift, they 
 may seasonably out-grow the sad impres- 
 sions which our Civil Wars have left in their 
 Estates, in some to the shaking of their con- 
 temunent. Fuller, Worthies, Yorkshire (ii. 
 523). 
 
 CONTEXTURE, to weave. 
 
 Round his mysterious Me there lies, under 
 all these wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or 
 of Senses) contextured in the Loom of Heaven. 
 Carlyle, Sartor Kesartus, Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 CONTICENT, silent. 
 
 The servants have left the room, the guests 
 sit conticent. Thackeray, Virginians, ch. li. 
 
 CONTINENT, applied by Fuller to the 
 inland part of our own island ; in the 
 second quotation it signifies the limit 
 or boundary ; that which contains. 
 
 The Danes not only assailed the skirts 
 and outsides of the laud, but also made in- 
 rodes many miles into the continent thereof. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. iv. 45. 
 
 Nor do we forget, though acted out of the 
 continent of England, that cruel murder in 
 the isle of Garnsey. Ibid. VIII. ii. 24. 
 
 CONTINENT, earth. 
 
 Stay, Sigismund, forget'st thou I am he 
 That with the cannon shook Vienna wall, 
 And made it dance upon the continent? 
 
 Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, I. i. 
 
 CONTINUANDO, continuation. 
 
 He . . makes a very lacquey of Fitzharris, 
 whose plot was to be only a continuando of 
 that which he held forth. North, Examen, 
 p. 233. 
 
 CONTINUATIONS, one of the numerous 
 euphemisms for trousers. Cf. INDE- 
 SCIUBABLES, INEXPLICABLES, INEXPRES- 
 SIBLES, UNMENTIONABLES. 
 
 A sleek man ... in drab shorts and con- 
 tinuations, black coat, neck-cloth and gloves. 
 Sketches by oz ( Winglebury Duel). 
 
 CONTRABANDED, smuggled ; contra- 
 band. 
 
 Christian shippes . . . are there also searched 
 for concealed Slaues, and goods contrabanded. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 87. 
 
 CONTRACONSCIENT, repugnant to con- 
 science. 
 
 The most reprobate wretch doth commit 
 some contraconscient iniquities, and hath the 
 contradiction of his own soul by the rem- 
 nants of reason left in it. Adams, i. 249. 
 
 CONTRACTLY, by contraction. 
 The family of D'Alanson, now contractly 
 called Dalison. Hollands Camden, p. 544. 
 
 CONTRAIR, contrary. 
 
 So Amram's sacred sonne, in these projects, 
 Made one selfe cause have two contrair 
 
 effects. Hudson's Judith, ii. 224. 
 
 CONTRAST. This word is of some- 
 what late introduction (Howell uses the 
 Italian form), and at first it meant a 
 dispute. Modern Diets, do not give 
 this meaning, and indeed the earliest 
 authority for the noun furnished there 
 is from Bp. Law about the middle of 
 the last century. In V index Anglicus, 
 1644 (Harl. Misc., ii. 41), contrast is 
 reckoned among that " ridiculous mer- 
 chandise" which verbal innovators 
 " seek to sell for current . . and I am 
 deceived if they will not move both 
 your anger and laughter." Daniel, how- 
 ever, had used it in 1617. 
 
 He married Matilda the daughter of 
 Baldouin, the fift Earl of Flaunders, but 
 not without contrast and trouble. Daniel, 
 Hist, of Eng., p. 26. 
 
 In open consistory when there was such 
 a contrasto 'twixt the cardinals for a supply 
 from St. Peter, he declar'd that he was well 
 satisfy'd that this war in Germany was no 
 war of religion. Howell, Letters, I. vi. 8. 
 
 There was tough cauvassiug for voices, 
 and a great contrasto in the conclave 'twixt 
 the Spanish and French faction. Ibid. I. 
 vi. 53. 
 
 In all these contrasts the Archbishop 
 prevailed, and broke through mutinies and 
 high threats. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 
 209. 
 
 CONTRA-YERVA, a species of birth- 
 wort which grows in Jamaica, and is 
 used as an antidote against poison or 
 infection. 
 
 No Indian is so savage but that he knows 
 the use of his tobacco and coiitra-ycrva. 
 Bp. Hall, Works, viii. 167.
 
 CONTRIST 
 
 ( 147 ) 
 
 CONVE Y 
 
 CONTEIST, to sadden. 
 
 He heard the litanies and the mementos 
 of the priests that carried his wife to be 
 buried, upon which he left the good pur- 
 pose he was in, and was suddenly ravished 
 another way, saying, Lord God, must I again. 
 contrist myself? Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 'Twould be as much as my life was worth 
 to deject and contrist myself with so bad 
 and melancholy an account. Sterne, Irist. 
 Shandy, ii. 198. 
 
 CONTROL, a ruler. 
 
 Men formed to be instruments, not con- 
 trols. Burke, Fr. Revolution, p. 34. 
 
 CONTROVERTISTICAL, controversial. 
 
 Eudoxus told him in controvertistical de- 
 bates, there was no appeal from reason to 
 the sword. Gentleman Instructed, p. 350. 
 
 CONTRUTH, to agree in truth; a hybrid 
 word coined by Hall. 
 
 All the holy doctrines of Divine Scripture 
 do, as that Father said aright, avvaXtfiivtiv, 
 " contruth with " each other. p. Hall, 
 Works, viii. 552. 
 
 CONTUMACE, seems to be a legal term ; 
 a declaration that a person is contu- 
 macious or in contempt. 
 
 That no man's name should be expressed 
 in the pulpit, except the fault be notorious 
 and publick, and so declared by an assize, 
 excommunication, contumace, and lawful ad- 
 monition. Heylin, Hist, of the Presbyterians. 
 p. 358. 
 
 CONTUMACITY, perversity ; contiimacy 
 is more common. 
 
 A solemn high-stalking man ; with such a 
 fund of indignation in him, or of latent 
 indignation ; of contumacity , irrefragability. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 80. 
 
 CONTUMAX, contumacious. 
 
 The more, sir, that ye busy for you to 
 draw him towards you, the more contumax 
 he is made, and the further fro you. Exam, 
 of W. Thorpe (Bale's Select Works, p. 121). 
 
 She was pronounced to be contumax for 
 defect of appearance. Heylin, Reformation, 
 ii. 64. 
 
 CONTUSIVE, bruising. 
 Ye Imps of Murder, guard her angel form, 
 Check the rude surge, and chase the hovering 
 
 storm ; 
 
 Shield from contusive rocks her timber limbs, 
 
 And guide the sweet Enthusiast as she swims. 
 
 Poetry of AntijacoMn, p. 150. 
 
 CONVEL, to tear or mangle. 
 
 They ought and must repute, hold, and 
 take all the same things for the most holy, 
 most sure, and most certain and infallible 
 words of God, and such as neither ought or 
 
 can be altered or convelled by any contrary 
 opinion or authority. Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. 
 iii. 35. 
 
 CONVENIENCE, a vehicle ; though in 
 this sense it seems always to be joined 
 with leathern. 
 
 Now I consider thy face, I remember thou 
 didst come up in the leathern conveniency 
 with nae.Centlivre, Bold Stroke for a Wife, 
 Act V. 
 
 A rascally slave of a chairman takes me 
 upon the north side of my outward man with 
 one of the poles of his leathern conveniency. 
 T. Brown, Works, iii. 117. 
 
 "What sport would our old Oxford acquaint- 
 ance make at a man packed up in this 
 leathern convenience with a wife and chil- 
 dren. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. XII. 
 ch. xi. 
 
 CONVENTICAL, conventual, derived 
 from or belonging to a convent. 
 
 The gardener . . . had mortgaged a month 
 of his conventical wages in a borachio or 
 leathern cask of wine. Sterne, Trist. Shandu. 
 V. 115. 
 
 CONVENTICLE. The quotation refers 
 to the A nimadversions upon Sir Richard 
 Baker's Chronicle by Thomas Blount 
 of the Inner Temple. The earliest quota- 
 tion that I have found in any Diet, 
 under "conventicle" is from Hall's 
 Chronicle, about, 160 years after Wic- 
 lif's death. 
 
 The said Animadversions were called in 
 and silenc'd in the beginning of January, by 
 Dr. Mews, the vice-chancellour, because 
 therein, p. 30, 'tis said that the word conven- 
 ticle was first taken up in the time of Wick- 
 liff. A. Wood, Life, Jan. 1671-2. 
 
 CONVERSABLENESS, readiness to con- 
 verse. 
 
 The women of the family of Porretta par- 
 ticularly, he says, because of their learning, 
 freedom, and conversableness,h&ve been called, 
 by their enemies, Frenchwomen. Richard- 
 son, Grandison, iii. 251. 
 
 CONVERSATION, conversazione. 
 Lady Pomfret has a charming conversation 
 once a. week. Walpole, Letters, i. 71 (1740). 
 
 CONVERSIONER, missioner. 
 
 The Conversioner (understand Parsons the 
 Jesuite) mainly stickleth for the Apostle 
 Peter to have first preached the gospel here. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. i. 7. 
 
 CONVEY, conveyance or transfer. 
 
 A clown's sonne must be clapt in a velvet 
 pantophle, and a velvet breech ; though the 
 presumptuous asse be drowned in the mer- 
 cer's booke, and make a convey of all his 
 L'2
 
 CONV1VAL 
 
 ( 
 
 lands to the usurer. Greene, Quip for an 
 Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 403). 
 
 CONVIVAL, a guest. 
 
 The number of the comtiuals at priuate 
 entertainments exceeded not nine, nor were 
 vnder three. Sandys, Travels, p. 78. 
 
 CONVOLUTE, that which is rolled up, 
 as in a ball. 
 
 But the lower lip which is drawn inwards 
 with the curve of a marine shell oh, what 
 a convolute of cruelty and revenge is there ! 
 De Quincey, System of the Heavens. 
 
 CONVULNERATE, to join in wounding. 
 For as thornes did His head convulnerate, 
 So rods all round Him did excoriate. 
 
 Davies, Holy lioode, p. 13. 
 
 CONY-GAT, a rabbit-burrow. 
 
 This weasel-monger, who is no better than 
 a cat in a house, or a ferret in a cony-yat, 
 shall not dissuade your majesty from a 
 gardener, whose art is to make walks plea- 
 sant for princes. Peele, The Gardener's 
 Speech, p. 579. 
 
 CONYNGRY, a rabbit-warren. 
 
 There is a conyngry called Milborowe heth 
 granted by the King to John Honteley. 
 Document, circa 1521 (Archaol., xxv. 313). 
 
 COOKERIES, dainties. 
 
 His appetite was gone, and cookeries were 
 provided in order to tempt his palate, but all 
 was chip. North, Life of Lord Guilfwd, ii. 
 205. 
 
 COOL. This word is sometimes used 
 in speaking of a sum of money : it 
 usually implies that the sum is large. 
 See extract from Smollet, s. v. SHAKE- 
 BAG. 
 
 Suppose you don't get sixpence costs, and 
 lose your cool hundred by it, still it's a great 
 advantage. Miss Edgeworth, Love and Law, 
 i. 2. 
 
 " She had wrote out a little coddleshell in 
 her own hand a day or two afore the accident, 
 leaving a cool four thousand to Mr. Matthew 
 Pocket." ... I never discovered from whom 
 Joe derived the conventional temperature of 
 the four thousand pounds, but it appeared to 
 make the sum of money more to him, and 
 he had a manifest relish in insisting on its 
 being cool. Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. 
 Ivii. 
 
 COOLTH, coolness ; a word formed 
 like Walpole's blueth, gloornth, greenth. 
 
 In the evening my father and Mrs. Thrale 
 seated themselves out of doors, just before 
 the Blue-room windows, for coolth and chat. 
 Mad. D'Arllay, Diary, ii. 77. 
 
 COOME, a measure containing four 
 bushels. See L., s. v. comb. 
 
 His Majesty measured out his accumulated 
 
 ) COPPERS 
 
 gifts, not by the bushel or by the coome, but 
 by the barn-full. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 63. 
 
 COON, shortened form of racoon, and 
 applied to a person : it is an American- 
 ism that has been adopted in England ; 
 a gone coon is one who is in extremity. 
 
 If you start in any business with an empty 
 pocket, you are a yone coon. Beade, Never 
 too late to mend, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 COOPERAGE, the place where coopers' 
 work is done. 
 
 [The Ipswich people have] room for erect- 
 ing their magazines, warehouses, roap-walks, 
 cooperayes, &c., on the easiest terms. Defoe, 
 Tour thro 1 G. Britain, i. 26. 
 
 COP, to throw. 
 
 Then clatter went the earthen plates, 
 
 " Mind. Judie ! " was the cry ; 
 I could have cop't them at their pates, 
 
 " Trenchers for me," said I. 
 
 Bloomfield, The Horkey. 
 
 COPARCENY, equal partnership. 
 
 The English exiles . . . had a church 
 granted unto them, yet so as they were to 
 hold the same in co-parcenie with the French 
 Protestants, they oue day, and the English 
 another. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VIII. ii. 43. 
 
 COPE, now always an ecclesiastical 
 vestment ; but, as Wheatley remarks, 
 not formerly so invariably. 
 
 Xantippe had pulled awaie her house- 
 baiides cope from his backe, even in the open 
 strete, and his familiar companions gaue 
 hym a by warnyng to auenge soche a 
 naughtie touche or pranke with his tenne 
 commandements. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 27. 
 
 The side robe or cope of homely and course 
 clothe soche as the beggerie philosophiers, 
 and none els vsen to weare. Ibid. p. 47. 
 
 COPE, an exchange or bargain. 
 Thomas, maids when they come to see the 
 
 fair, 
 
 Count not to make a cope for dearth of hay. 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 157. 
 
 COPE. Gain cope = to attain equality. 
 
 If I should set the mercies of our land to 
 run along with Israel's, we should yain cope 
 of them, and outrun them. Adams, i. 350. 
 
 COPPERS. Hot coppers is a slang ex- 
 pression for a mouth parched through 
 excessive drinking. 
 
 "We were playing Van John in Blake's 
 rooms till three last night, and he gave us 
 devilled bones and mulled port. A fellow 
 can't enjoy his breakfast after that without 
 something to cool his cop2>ers. Huyhes, Tom 
 Brown at Oxford, ch. iii.
 
 COPPIL 
 
 ( r 49 ) 
 
 CORNET 
 
 CorriL. Bailey has " Coppel, Cup- 
 pel, a pot in which goldsmiths melt 
 and fine their metal : also, a sort of 
 crucible used by chymists in purifying 
 gold or silver." In the extract it is a 
 verb = to refine. 
 
 Both which (as a most noble Knight, Sir 
 K. D., hath it) may be illustrated in some 
 measure by what we find passeth in the cop- 
 pilling of a fixed metall, which, as long as 
 any lead, or drosse, or any allay remains 
 with it, continueth still melting, flowing, 
 and in motion under the muffle. Hoicell, 
 I'arly of Beasts, p. 148. 
 
 COPWEBLESS, without cobwebs. Prof. 
 Skeat \_Etymol. Diet.] says that "cob- 
 web" is derived "either (1) from W. 
 cob, a spider, and E. web, or (2) a 
 shortened form of alter cop-web, from 
 the M. E. attercop, a spider. Cf. the 
 spelling copwebbe, Golden Boke, c. 
 xvii." Another and later instance of 
 this spelling is subjoined. 
 
 Amongst the Civil Structures, "Westminster 
 Hall is eminent . . . built with copwelless 
 beams, conceived of Irish wood. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Westminster (ii. 103). 
 
 Cory, a legal instrument, or the pro- 
 perty held thereby (cf. Macbeth, III. ii, 
 quoted by L., s. v.). 
 I am the lande-lord, Keeper, of thy holds, 
 By copy all thy living lies in me. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 170. 
 
 What poor man's right, what widow's copy, 
 or what orphan's legacy would have been 
 safe from us? Andrewes, Sermons, v. 27. 
 
 I finde that Waltham Abbey (for Benedic- 
 tines at the first) had its copie altered by 
 King Henry the Second, and bestowed on 
 Augustinians. Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. 1. 
 
 COPY OF COUNTENANCE, a flam or 
 humbug. 
 
 "Whatsoever he prateth of a rigorous de- 
 monstrative way as being only conclusive, it 
 is but a copy of his countenance. He cannot 
 be ignorant, or if he be, he will find by ex- 
 perience that his glittering principles will 
 fail him in his greatest need, and leave him 
 in the dirt. Bramhall, ii. 367. 
 
 Now he saw all that scheme dissolved, he 
 returned to his integrity, of which he gave 
 an incontestible proof, by informing "Wild of 
 the measures which had been concerted 
 against him ; in which, he said, he had pre- 
 tended to acquiesce, in order the better to 
 betray them ; but this, as he afterwards con- 
 fessed on his death-bed, i. e. in the cart at 
 Tyburn, was only a copy of his countenance ; 
 for that he was at that time as sincere and 
 hearty in his opposition to "Wild as any of 
 his companions. Fielding, Jonathan Wild, 
 Bk. III. ch. xiv. 
 
 If this application for my advice is not a 
 copy of your countenance, a mask, if you are 
 obedient, I may yet set you right. Foote, 
 The Author, Act II. 
 
 GORAN TREE, currant tree. 
 
 The borders of which grass plots are coran 
 trees. Survey of the Manor of Wimbledon, 
 1649 (Arch., x. 424). 
 
 CORDUROY, a thick ribbed cotton stuff. 
 Prof. Skeat (Etymol. Diet. s. v. cord) 
 says that the word is not easily traced, 
 but is said, without evidence, to be a 
 corruption of corde du roi or king's 
 cord. Cf . DUROY. 
 
 Clad in a tight suit of corduroy, spangled 
 with brass buttons of a very considerable 
 size, he at the first stood at the door as- 
 tounded. Pickicick Papers, ch. xii. 
 
 CORELESS, weak, without pith. 
 I am gone in years, my Liege, am very old, 
 Careless and sapless, weak, and needs must 
 
 crave 
 Support of secular force. 
 
 Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, II. i. 
 
 CORK SHOES, seem to have been worn 
 by the wealthy or fashionable. See 
 extract s. v. CUT-FINGERED. 
 Strip off my Bride's array, 
 
 My corke-shoes from my feet, 
 And, gentle mother, be not coy 
 To bring my winding-sheet. 
 
 Eoxluryhe Ballads, i. 249. 
 
 CORNALINE, cornelian. 
 
 For tablet fine 
 About his neck hangs a great cornaline. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 919. 
 
 CORNELIUS, a cornuto, a cuckold. 
 
 Who can deride me 
 But I myself ? Ha, that's too much ! I know 
 
 it, 
 And spight of these tricks am a Cornelius. 
 
 Shirley, The Gamester, Act V. 
 
 CORNER-CAP, a square cap. 
 
 It was my hap in a little field neere unto a 
 church in a countrey towne to overtake a 
 little old man in a gowne, a wide cassock, a 
 night-cap, and a cwner-cap, by his habit 
 seeming to be a Divine. Breton, A Mad 
 World, p. 8. 
 
 CORNER-MIOHING, skulking or sneak- 
 ing. See quotation s. v. BLOOMSBURY, 
 and H. s. v. mich. Bp. Hall (Works, 
 ix. 260) speaks of some one as " spider- 
 catcher, corner-creeper, C. E., pseudo- 
 catholic Priest." 
 
 CORNET, to play on the cornet. 
 
 Here's a whole chorus of Syluans at hand 
 cornetting and tripping th' toe. Chapman, 
 Widdowes Teares, Act III.
 
 CORNIFICATION ( 150 ) CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 CORNIFICATION, formation of horn. 
 
 The short and straight horns were stunted 
 in their growth ; their natural tendency was 
 to twist like a sheep's horn ; and the habit of 
 cornijication is more likely to have been 
 formed nearer home than in the interior of 
 Africa. Southty, The Doctor, ch. cxxviii. 
 
 CORNISH, cornice. 
 
 The hinder part, being something more 
 eminent than the other, is surrounded with 
 ten small pillars adjoyning to the wall, and 
 sustaining the cornish. Sandys, Travels, p. 
 166. 
 
 CORNISH DIAMONDS, transparent 
 quartz. See extract s. v. CUT-FINGERED. 
 The Cornish Boy in the last extract 
 is Opie, the artist. Fuller, Worthies 
 (Cornwall Proverbs), quotes 
 " Hengsten Down well ywrought, 
 
 Is worth London Town dearly bought " 
 and adds, "The Cornish diamonds 
 found therein may be pure and orient 
 . . . the coarsest in this kind are higher, 
 and the purest still the lowest." 
 
 Not far from hence is Hengeston Hill, 
 which produces a great plenty of Cornish 
 diamonds. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Brit., ii. 5. 
 Speak, Muse, who form'd that matchless 
 
 The Cornish Boy in tin-mines bred ; 
 
 "Whose native genius, like his diamonds, shone 
 
 In secret, till chance gave him to the sun. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 129. 
 
 CORNISH-HUG, a peculiar lock in 
 wrestling. " It is figuratively applic- 
 able to the deceitful dealing of such 
 who secretly design their overthrow 
 whom they openly embrace." filler, 
 Worthies (Cornish Proverbs). 
 
 And a prime wrestler as e'er tript, 
 E'er gave the Cornish-hug, or hipt. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 202. 
 His St. Maw's Muse has given the French 
 troops a Cornish hug, and flung them all 
 upon their backs. Character of a Sneaker, 
 1705 (Harl. Misc., ii. 354). 
 
 CORNLESS, without corn. 
 
 He seemed fully alive to the corniest state 
 of the parson's stable. Lytton, Pelham, ch. 
 Ixiv. 
 
 CORN-RIG, corn-rick. 
 
 Joe "Washford had himself been found, 
 when the hue-and-cry was up, hid in a corn- 
 rig at no great distance from the scene of 
 slaughter. Ingoldsby Legends (Jarvis's Wig). 
 
 CORNUTE, a horned person, a cuckold. 
 The Diets, have it as a verb. Shake- 
 speare (Merry Wives, III. v) uses the 
 Italian form comulo. 
 
 Your best of friends, your dearest Phylocles, 
 Usurps your bed, and makes you a cornute. 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act III. 
 
 CORONAL OATH, coronation oath. L. 
 has the word as an adjective, but only 
 as a term in anatomy. 
 
 The law and his coronal oath require his 
 undeniable assent to what laws the parlia- 
 ment agree upon. Milton, Eikonoklastes, ch. 
 vi. 
 
 CORONET, cornet ; this spelling is not 
 infrequent in Civil War Literature. 
 
 "We found means to steale upon [them] 
 with Vrries party . . . taking two coronets 
 and killing forty or fifty men. Battaile near 
 Newlwry in Berkshire, Sept. 20, 1643, p. 2. 
 
 CORONIS, in the Greek means some- 
 thing curved, and so the curved line or 
 flourish at the end of a book or chapter, 
 and then for the end generally. The 
 word had a place in Latin, but Racket's 
 precedent has not been followed by 
 English writers. 
 
 The coronis of this matter is thus ; some 
 bad ones in this family were punish'd strictly, 
 all rebuk'd, not all amended. Racket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 38. 
 
 CORPS, substance, income. 
 
 He added ... to the Doctor of the Chair 
 for Law, the corps of a good prebend in the 
 church of Salisbury. Heylin, Life of Laud, 
 p. 130. 
 
 CORPSLET, corslet. 
 While th' Armorers with hammers hard and 
 
 great 
 On stithies strong the sturdy steele doth 
 
 beate, 
 And makes thereof a corpslet or a jacke. 
 
 Hudson's Judith, i. 369. 
 
 CORREPT, chiding, abusive. 
 
 If these corrept and corrupt extasies or 
 extravagancies be not permitted to such 
 fanatick triflers . . . they presently medi- 
 tate the most desperate separations. Gau- 
 den, Tears of the Church, p. 212. 
 
 CORREPTORY, rebuking. Gauden 
 (Tears of the Church, p. 430) speaks of 
 " the Epistles correptory or consolatory 
 to the Seven Asian Churches." 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE. The derivation in 
 the extract seems to be meant seriously. 
 
 I loved familiar letter-writing, as I had 
 more than once told her, above all the species 
 of writing: it was writing from the heart 
 (without the fetters prescribed by method 
 or study) as the very word cor-respondence 
 implied. Richardson, Cl. Harfawe, iv. 291.
 
 CORROBORANT ( 151 ) 
 
 COSTUME 
 
 CORROBORANT, a support ; more com- 
 mon as an adjective. See another ex- 
 ample from Southey, s. v. SIMPLES. 
 
 Next to this it imported to comfort the 
 stomach, and to cherish the root of man, 
 that is to say, the brain, with its proper 
 corroborants, especially with sweet odours 
 and with music. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 217. 
 
 CORROBORATIC, strengthener. 
 
 Get a good warm girdle, and tie round you ; 
 tis an excellent corroboratick to strengthen 
 the loins. T. Broicn, Works, ii. 186. 
 
 CORRODY. See quotation from Fuller, 
 and s. v. SOLVABLE. 
 
 There be small corrodies in Cambridge for 
 cooks decayed. Bp. Gardiner (Alp. Parker's 
 Correspondence, p. 20). 
 
 Nor must we forget the benefit of corrodies, 
 so called a conradendo, from eating together : 
 for the heirs of the foresaid founders (not by 
 courtesie, but composition for their former 
 favours) had a priviledge to send a set num- 
 ber of their poor servants to Abbeys to diet 
 therein. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VI. iv. 
 
 CORROL, wrinkle ? 
 Spring with the larke, most comely bride, 
 
 and meet 
 
 Your eager bridegroome with auspitious feet. 
 The morn's farre spent ; and the immortal! 
 
 Sunne 
 
 Corrals his cheeke to see those rites not done. 
 Herrick, He.iperides, p. 231. 
 
 CORSARY, a pirate. 
 
 I will not presume to prie into the secrets 
 of the Almighty disposer of all things, whose 
 handmaid Nature is, how farre he lets loose 
 the reins to the ill spirit of the aire, to cause 
 such sudden impressions upon the elements, 
 whereof there are daily wonderfull examples 
 amongst this crue of corsaries. Howell, Do- 
 dona's Grove, p. 83. 
 
 CORVY, some engine or instrument 
 used in a siege. 
 
 Here croked Coruies, fleeing bridges tal, 
 Their scathful Scorpions that ruynes the wall. 
 Hudson's Judith, iii. 111. 
 
 COSMOCRAT, "Prince of this world." 
 You will not think, great Cosmocrat, 
 That I spend my time in fooling. 
 
 Southey, Devil's Walk. 
 
 COSMOPOLITE, usually means a citizen 
 of the world, one who is equally at 
 home in all countries. Adams, how- 
 ever, always uses it of a worldling. He 
 has a sermon (ii. 123) on the rich fool, 
 entitled The Cosmopolite, or World's 
 Favourite. 
 
 The vanity of carnal joys, the variety of 
 
 vanities, are as bitter to us as pleasant to 
 the cosmopolite or worldling. Adams, i. 229. 
 
 COSMOPOLITISM, citizenship of the 
 world ; the condition or attitude of a 
 person who feels no special ties to one 
 place or circle more than another. 
 
 Indulgent to human nature in general, and 
 loving it, but not with German cosmopolitism 
 first and best loving her daughter, her 
 family. Miss Edffeworth, Patronage, ch. xiv. 
 
 COSMORAMA, a view of the world. 
 "A species of picturesque exhibitions. 
 It consists of eight or ten coloured 
 drawings laid horizontally round a 
 semi-circular table, and reflected by 
 mirrors placed diagonally opposite to 
 them. The spectator views them 
 through convex lenses placed immedi- 
 ately in front of each mirror. The 
 exhibition takes place by lamp-light 
 only" (Imp. Diet.). 
 
 The temples, and saloons, and cosmoramas, 
 and fountains glittered and sparkled before 
 our eyes. Sketches by Boz ( Vauxhatt by day}. 
 
 COSSET, to nurse or coddle ; in use in 
 Sussex. Spenser has cosset for a pat- 
 lamb. Breton (Fantastickes, April) 
 uses the word adjectivally ; " the cosset 
 lamb is learned to butt." It is also 
 used for a pet of any sort, or (dispar- 
 agingly) = a minion. See extract s. v. 
 TANTANY. 
 
 In the beginning of the late King's dayes, 
 Episcopacy and the state of the Church was 
 even pampered and cosetted by so excessive a 
 favour and propensity as made it seem his 
 chief favourite. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 375. 
 
 I have been cosseting this little beast up, in 
 the hopes you'd accept it as a present. H. 
 Kinysley, G. Hamlyn, ch. xxvi. 
 
 COSTELET (Fr.), cutlet. 
 
 At night he desired the company of some 
 known and ingenious friends to join in a 
 costelet and a sallad at Chattelin's. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, i. 91. 
 
 It had a fire-place and grate, with which 
 he could make a soup, broil costeletts, or roast 
 an egg. Ibid. ii. 270. 
 
 COSTER-BOY, a boy selling costards, 
 fruit, vegetables, &c., in the streets. 
 
 The girl found for them the man they 
 wanted . . . laying down the law to a group 
 of coster-boys, for want of better audience. 
 C. Kinysley, Tico Years Ago, ch. xxiv. 
 
 COSTUME, to dress. 
 
 They are all costumed in black. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xvii.
 
 COSTUOUS 
 
 ( 152 ) COUNTER-CURSE. 
 
 COSTUOUS, costly. 
 
 Nor in costuous pearls in their copes, per- 
 rours, and chasubles, when they be in their 
 prelately pompous sacrifices. Hale, Select 
 Works, p. 5~26. 
 
 COTEMPORAN, a contemporary. 
 
 I am not out of hopes that, when times 
 will bear it, some of the cotemporans, faithful 
 historians (at present not unprepar'd for it), 
 will suffer their labours to come forth. 
 North, Examen, p. 187. 
 
 COTEREL. See extract. 
 
 Here [Sheppey-isle] are several Tumuli in 
 the marshy parts all over the island, some 
 of which the inhabitants call Coterels ; these 
 are supposed to have been cast up in memory 
 of some of the Danish leaders who were 
 buried here. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 
 153. 
 
 COTHURN, tragic buskin. 
 How the cothurns trod majestic, 
 
 Down the deep iambic lines, 
 And the rolling anapaestic 
 
 Curled like vapour over shrines. 
 
 Jlfrs. Browning, Wine of Cyp/rus. 
 
 COTLOFT, cockloft ; garret. 
 
 These [idle heirs] are the tops of their 
 houses indeed, like cotlofts highest and 
 emptiest. Fuller, Holy State, I. xiv. 2. 
 
 COTTON, to cocker ; some things are 
 carefully preserved in lavender and 
 cotton. 
 
 " It is the most infernal shame," said 
 Losely, between his grinded teeth, " that I 
 should be driven to these wretched dens for 
 a lodging, while that man, who ought to 
 feel bound to maintain me, should be rolling 
 in wealth, and cottoned up in a palace : but 
 he shall fork out." Lytton, What icill he do 
 with it ? Bk. vi. ch. v. 
 
 COUNTABLE, accountable. 
 
 If we be countable, and we are countable at 
 the day of judgment for every idle word we 
 speak . . . what less than damnation can they 
 expect that . . . blaspheme God and His holy 
 truth ? Sanderson, ii. 49. 
 
 COUNTENANCE. The phrase in the 
 extract is rather peculiar ; it means that 
 the two armies drawn up opposite each 
 other passed the day in this confront- 
 ation without actually engaging. 
 
 Both armies furnished with braue men of 
 warre, and circumspect, depart without in- 
 counter . . . and so they passed the day in 
 countenances, and nothing was done. Daniel, 
 Hist.ofEng.,p. 191. 
 
 COUNTER, to encounter or meet in 
 opposition ; it is also a technical term 
 in pugilism. See last extract. 
 
 Then Diogenes again countreyng saied, If 
 
 Aristippus had learned to be contented with 
 rawe herbes, he should not nede to be the 
 Kinges hound. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 46. 
 
 A lie. Falcons that tyrannize o'er weaker 
 
 food, 
 Hold peace with their own feathers. 
 
 Har. But when they counter 
 
 Upon one quarry, break that league as we do. 
 Allmmazar, V. i. 
 
 His answer countered every design of the 
 interrogations. North, Examen, p. 246. 
 
 " Braudy-and-water in the morning ought 
 not to improve the wind," said Tom to him- 
 self, as his left hand countered provokingly, 
 while his right rattled again and again upon 
 Trebooze's watch-chain. C. Kinysley, Two 
 Years Ago, ch. xiv. 
 
 COUNTERBAND, contraband. 
 
 I have not seized any ships of yours ; you 
 carry on no counterland trade. Walpole to 
 Mann, iii. 309 (1759). 
 
 Plate of all earthly vanities is the most 
 impassable ; it is not counterland in its 
 metallic capacity, but totally so in its per- 
 sonal. Ibid., Letters, iii. 305 (1769). 
 
 COUNTERBANDED, contraband. 
 
 If there happen to be found an irreverent 
 expression or a thought too wanton, they are 
 crept into my verses through my inadvert- 
 ency ; if the searchers find any in the cargo, 
 let them be staved or forfeited like counter- 
 banded goods. Dryden, Preface to Fables. 
 
 COUNTERBANE, antidote ; the refer- 
 ence in the second extract is to the Tree 
 of Life. 
 
 Th' inchanting Charms of Syren's blandish- 
 ments, 
 
 Contagious Aire ingendring Pestilence, 
 Infect not those that in their mouthes have 
 
 ta'en 
 Angelica that happy counter-baen. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, 721. 
 
 Strong counter-bane, O sacred plant divine. 
 
 Ibid., Eden, 228. 
 
 COUNTERBIAS, to set against. 
 
 Nor was it so much policy or reason of 
 State, as strength of true Reason, and the 
 prevalencies of true Religion which so counter- 
 biassed that King's judgement against Pres- 
 bytery. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 604. 
 
 COUNTERBRAVE, boast or challenge 
 against another. 
 Nor thy strength is approv'd with words, 
 
 good friend, nor can we reach 
 The body, nor make th' enemy yield with 
 
 these our counter tiraves. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvi. 580. 
 
 COUNTER-CURSE, reciprocal cursing. 
 
 Uncharitable arrogancies have . . . filled 
 and inflamed men's minds with cruell 
 counter-curses and angry Anathemas against
 
 COUNTERFORCE ( 153 ) 
 
 COUPLET 
 
 each other. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 407. 
 
 COUNTERFORCE, opposing or counter- 
 balancing power. 
 
 Men began to see the necessity of an ade- 
 quate counterforce to push against this over- 
 whelming torrent. De Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 COUNTERGUARD, a small rampart to 
 protect a bastion. 
 
 Furiously playing off his two Cross bat- 
 teries at the same time against the counter- 
 yuard wliioh faced the counterscarp. Sterne, 
 Tr. Shandy, v. 17. 
 
 COUNTER-JUMPER, a shopman. 
 
 " Sir, you should know that my cheek is 
 not for you." "Why," said he, stifling his 
 anger, " it seems free enough to every counter- 
 jumper in the town." C. Kinysley, Westward 
 Ho, ch. x. 
 
 COUNTERLEAGUE, to confederate a- 
 gainst. 
 
 This king . . . (upon this defection of King 
 Baliol, and his league made with France) 
 counterleayues with all the princes he could 
 draw in, eyther by gifts or allyance, to 
 strengthen his partie abroad. Daniel, Hist, 
 of Eng., p. 163. 
 
 Wise men thought a peace could not well 
 be concluded between those crowns, without 
 somewhat privately agreed to the prejudice 
 of the Protestant princes or their interests ; 
 but not publicly, lest they should take the 
 alarm and counterleacjue it. North, Examen, 
 p. 21. 
 
 COUNTERLY, belonging to the counter 
 or prison (?). 
 
 Ye stale counterly villain ! Preston, K. 
 Camlises (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., i. 305). 
 
 COUNTERPLEAD, to enter counterpleas. 
 There is a tale that once the Hoast of Birds, 
 And all the Legions of grove - haunting 
 
 Heards, 
 
 Before the Earth ambitiously did strive, 
 And counterplead for the Prerogative. 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 261. 
 
 COUNTER-POLE, opposite pole. 
 
 This " prandium," this essentially military 
 meal, was taken standing .... Hence the 
 posture in which it was taken at Rome, the 
 very counter-pole to the luxurious posture of 
 dinner. De Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 COUNTERPUFF, opposing breeze. 
 The lofty Pine that's shaken to and fro 
 With Counter-puffs of sundry winds that 
 
 blow. Sylvester, The Fathers, 246. 
 
 COUNTERPUSH, to thrust against ; op- 
 pose. 
 
 On th' other side the Towns-men are not slow 
 With counterplots to counterpush their foe. 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 961. 
 
 COUNTERPUSH, a thrust against. 
 
 Neither of them had regard to save himself, 
 so he might wound and mischief his enemy, 
 but were both with a counterpush that quite 
 pierced their targets, run into the sides, 
 and thrust through. Holland, Livy, p. 39. 
 
 COUNTER-REFER, to refer back inter- 
 changeably. 
 
 The sincerity of any business may be known 
 by the means used to accomplish it ; for if 
 either be false and perfidious, the other will 
 be so also ; and they counter-refer to each 
 other. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 102. 
 
 COUNTER-SCARF, counterscarp ; the 
 rhyme shows that it is not a misprint, 
 though it may be the cause of a mis- 
 spelling. 
 
 See, see, quoth he, these dust-spawn, feeble 
 dwarfs, 
 
 See their huge castles, walls, and counter- 
 scarfs. Sylvester, Babylon, 179. 
 
 COUNTER-SEAS, cross-seas. 
 
 [The Irish Sea] rageth all the yeer long 
 with surging billows and counter-seas, and 
 never is at rest nor navigable, unlesse it be 
 in some few summer daies, Holland's Cam- 
 den, ii. 60. 
 
 COUNTER-SERVICE, reciprocal service. 
 One cannot use th' ayde of the Powrs below 
 Without some Pact of Counter-services, 
 By Prayers, Perfumes, Homage, and Sacri- 
 fice. Sylvester, The Trophies, 716. 
 
 CPUNTERSET, to match or parallel. 
 In all thy writings thou hast such a vaine, 
 As but thy selfe thy selfe canst counterset. 
 B. Cox to Davies (Davies, 
 Humour's Heaven, p. 5). 
 
 COUNTER-TUNE, musical part answering 
 to another, as the tenor with the treble 
 or bass, &c. Sylvester (Columnes, 
 743) speaks of "the sweet-charming 
 counter-tunes " formed by the humors, 
 seasons, and elements. 
 
 COUPEE, to cut or bow as in dancing ; 
 also, a subst. 
 
 Fleers, cringes, nods, and salutations, 
 From lords in debt to purple judges, 
 And coupees low from panper drudges. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, c. 3. 
 Here's one ne're cares who th' nation's ruling, 
 So daughter be not kept from schooling ; 
 Would lose his freedom like a puppy, 
 Bather than she not learn to coupee. IMd. 
 
 You shall swear, I'll sigh ; you shall sa ! 
 sa ! and I'll coupee, and if she flies not to my 
 arms like a hawk to its perch, my dancing- 
 master deserves to be damned. Farquhar, 
 Constant Couple, iv. 1. 
 
 COUPLET, to compose couplets.
 
 COURAGEMENT ( 154 ) 
 
 COUSIN 
 
 Methinks, quoth Sancho, the thoughts 
 which give way to the making of couplets 
 can not be many. Couplet it as much as your 
 worship pleases, and I will sleep as much as 
 I can. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 COURAGEMENT, encouragement. 
 This made the Eebell rise in strength and 
 
 pride, 
 From Sov'raigne's weaknesse taking couraye- 
 
 ment 
 T" assault their gates. 
 
 Domes, Microcosmos, p. 62. 
 
 COURANT. See extract. 
 
 I my selfe have seene so fine and small a 
 thread, that a whole net knit thereof, to- 
 gether with the cords and strings called 
 Courants, running along the edges to draw it 
 in and let it out, would passe all through 
 the ring of a man's linger. Holland, Pliny, 
 Bk. XIX. ch. i. 
 
 COURSES, sails. 
 
 My uncle ordered the studding-sails to be 
 hoisted, and the ship to be cleared for en- 
 gaging, but finding that (to use the seamen's 
 phrase) we were very much wronged by the 
 ship which had us in chace, and which by 
 this time had hoisted French colours, he 
 commanded the studding-sails to be taken 
 in, the courses to be clewed up, the main- 
 topsail to be backed, the tompions to be 
 taken out of the guns, and every man to 
 repair to his quarters. Smollett, Rod. Ran- 
 dom, ch. Ixv. 
 
 COURSING, disputing in the schools. 
 See L., s. v. courser. 
 
 180 bachelors this last Lent, and all things 
 carried on well, but no coursing, which is very 
 bad. A. Wood, Life, Mar. 23, 1678. 
 
 COURT-ELEMENT, flattery. Cf. N., s.v. 
 court-holy-water. 
 
 For the rest I refer me to that famous 
 testimony of Jerome . . . whose interpreta- 
 tion we trust shall be received before this 
 intricate stuff tattled here of Timothy and 
 Titus, and I know not whom their successors, 
 far beyond court element, and as far beneath 
 true edification. Milton, Eikonoklastes, ch. 
 xvii. 
 
 COURTESY. To make courtesy = to 
 raise scruples. 
 
 When Dionysius at a banket had com- 
 manded that all the companie should ad- 
 dresse themselfes to maske ech man in 
 purple . . . Plato refused to doe it ... but 
 Aristippus made no courtesie at the matter. 
 Vdafs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 69. 
 
 So said King Alexander very like himselfe 
 to one Paulina, to whom he had geuen a 
 very great gift, which he made curtesy to 
 accept, saying it was too much for such a 
 
 mean pei-son, What, quoth the King, if it he 
 too much for thyselfe, hast thou ueuer a 
 friend or kinsman that may fare the better 
 by it? Puttenham, English Poesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 COURTIERISM, aspect or behaviour of 
 a courtier. 
 
 Prince Schwartzenberg in particular had a 
 stately aspect . . . beautifully contrasted 
 with the smirking saloon-activity, the perked- 
 up cottrtierism, and pretentious nullity of 
 many here. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 196. 
 
 COURTLEDGE, an appendage to a 
 house; usually written curtilage: a 
 legal term. 
 
 At the back, a rambling cmirtledye of barns 
 and walls, around which pigs and bare-foot 
 children grunted in loving communion of 
 dirt. C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xiv. 
 
 COURT-OF-GUARD, the place where the 
 guard musters. See quotation s. v. 
 canvassado : also the watch itself. 
 
 Maugre the watch, the round, the court-of- 
 
 guard, 
 I will attend to abide the coward here. 
 
 Greene, Orl. Furioso, p. 94. 
 
 They keepe a court-of-guard nightly ; and 
 almost every minute of the night the watch 
 of one sort giues two or three knoles with a 
 bell, which is answered by the other in order. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 233. 
 
 COURT-WATER, flattery: usually court- 
 holy-water, q. v. in N. Cf . COURT-ELE- 
 MENT. 
 
 He is after the nature of a barber, and first 
 trims the head of his master's humour, and 
 then sprinkles it with court-water. Adams, 
 i. 503. 
 
 COUSIN. To have no cousin = to 
 have no equal ; to be cousin = to be 
 like. See quotation, from Chaucer's 
 Prologue in R. 
 
 Of the same Pirrhus he saied at an other 
 time that if he had had the feacte to hold 
 and kepe an empire, as well as he could achiue 
 and winne it, he had had no cousin. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth.. p. 248. 
 
 The same author (p. 292) says of Augustus 
 Caesar, who would only have his deeds re- 
 corded by good and grave writers, that he 
 was " in deede in this behalf cousin to Alex- 
 ander," of whom a similar trait had been 
 previously related. 
 
 Lo heer are pardons half a dosen, 
 
 For ghostely riches they have no conen. 
 
 Heyirood, Four Ps (Dodsley, 
 O. PI. i. 101). 
 
 COUSIN. My dirty cousin, or my 
 cousin the tveaver, is a contemptuous
 
 CO USIN BETTY (155) 
 
 CO W-HIDE 
 
 address, usually preceded by " rnarry 
 come up." 
 
 Miss. Come, here's t' ye to stop your mouth. 
 Nev. I'd rather you would stop it with a kiss. 
 Miss. A kiss ! marry come up, my dirty cousin. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conv. (Conv. ii.). 
 Marry come up ! I assure you, my dirty 
 cousin, thof his skin be so white, and to be 
 sure it is the most whitest that ever was seen, 
 I am a Christian as well as he. Fielding, 
 Tom Jones, Bk. IV. ch. xiv. 
 
 COUSIN BETTY, a half-witted person. 
 
 I dunnot think there's a man living or 
 dead for that matter as can say Foster's 
 wronged him of a penny, or gave short 
 measure to a child or a Cousin Betty. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xiv. 
 
 COUSINRY, kindred. 
 
 The family was of the rank of substantial 
 gentry, and duly connected with such in the 
 counties round for three generations back. 
 Of the numerous and now mostly forgettable 
 cousinry we specify farbher only the Mashams 
 of Otes in Essex. Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 21. 
 
 COUSINS. To call cousins = to claim 
 relationship. 
 
 He is half-brother to this "Witword by a 
 former wife, who was sister to my lady 
 "Wishfort, my wife's mother ; if you marry 
 Millamaut, you must call cousins too. Con- 
 greve, Way of the World, i. 5. 
 
 Over the great drawing-room chimney is 
 the coat armour of the first Leonard, Lord 
 Dacre, with all his alliances. Mr. Chute was 
 transported, and called cousin with ten thou- 
 sand quarterings. Walpole, Letters, i. 262 
 (1752). 
 
 My new cottage ... is to have nothing 
 Gothic about it, nor pretend to call cousins 
 with the mansion-house. Ibid. iii. 48 (1765). 
 
 Unluckily Sir Ingoldsby left no issue, or 
 we might now be calling cousins with (ci- 
 devant) Mrs. Otway Cave, in whose favour 
 the abeyance of the old barony of Bray has 
 recently been determined by the Crown. 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Ingoldsby Penance). 
 
 COVENTRY. One with whom others 
 refuse to associate is said to be sent to 
 Coventry. Two explanations are given 
 in N. and Q., I. vi. 318, 589. (1) That 
 formerly in Coventry the citizens would 
 not mingle with the military stationed 
 there. (2) That in 1642, when Charles 
 I. was marching from Birmingham to 
 Shrewsbury, the Parliamentary party 
 seized on all suspected persons that 
 they met with in those parts and sent 
 them to Coventry. 
 
 Though he frequently in the course of the 
 evening repeated, " I depend upon your 
 promise, I build upon a conference, I sent his 
 dependance and his building to Coventry by 
 
 not seeming to hear him." Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, iii. 434. 
 
 Lord Etherington would find him, bodily 
 indeed at St. Ronan's, but so far as society 
 was concerned, on the road towards the 
 ancient city of Coventry Scott, St. Ronan's 
 Well, i. 201. 
 
 COVER, to lay the table, or prepare a 
 banquet. 
 
 These scholars know more skill in axioms, 
 How to use quips and sleights of sophistry, 
 Than for to cover courtly for a King. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 169. 
 
 COVER-SHAME, savin, as producing 
 abortion. 
 
 Those dangerous plants called cover-shame, 
 alias savin, and other anti-conceptive weeds 
 and poisons. Eeply to Ladies and Batchelors 
 Petition (Harl. Misc., iv. 440). 
 
 COVERSLUT, a covering worn to con- 
 ceal dirt or untidiness. L. marks it 
 rare, and gives quotation from Burke. 
 
 Those women that can purchase plads need 
 not bestow much upon other clothes, these 
 cover-sluts being sufficient. Modern Account 
 of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. Misc., vi. 139). 
 
 COVIN-TREE. In a note to the sub- 
 joined extract Scott says, " The large 
 tree in front of a Scottish castle was 
 sometimes called so. It is difficult to 
 trace the derivation ; but at that dis- 
 tance from the castle the laird received 
 guests of rank, and thither he conveyed 
 them on their departure." May it not be 
 connected with convenio, as being the 
 place of meeting ? 
 
 I love not the castle when the covin-tree 
 bears such acorns as I see yonder. Scott, 
 Quentin Durward, i. 38. 
 
 COW-BABE, a coward. 
 
 Peace, lowing cow-babe, lubberly hobberde- 
 hoy. Davies of Hereford, Scourge of Folly, 
 Epiy. 212. 
 
 COW-DAB, same as COWSHED, q. v. 
 Let but a cow-dab show its grass-green face, 
 They're up without so much as saying grace, 
 
 And lo ! the busy flock around it pitches. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 141. 
 
 COWHEARTED, cowardly. 
 
 A thousand devils seize the cuckoldy cow- 
 hearted mongrel. Urquhart's Eabelais, Bk. 
 IY. ch. xix. 
 
 The Lady Powis, not prevailing with him 
 to go again to the Earl of Shaftsbury, patted 
 him with her fan, and called him a coichearted 
 fellow. North, Examen, p. 258. 
 
 COW-HIDE, a whip ; also to thrash.
 
 CO W-ITCH 
 
 ( 
 
 And what might be their aim ? 
 
 To rescue Afric's sable sons from fetters, 
 To save their bodies from the burning shame 
 
 Of branding with hot letters ; 
 Their shoulders from the cole-hide's bloody 
 strokes, 
 
 Their necks from iron yokes ? 
 
 Hood, A Blade Job. 
 
 He got his skin well beaten coic-hided, as 
 we may say by Charles XII. the rough 
 Swede, clad mostly in leather. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iv. 356. 
 
 COW-ITCH, cowage (see L. s. v. and 
 Grey's note in loc.J ; a sort of kidney- 
 bean belonging to E. Indies, the pod of 
 which is covered with down of an irri- 
 tating nature when applied to the skin. 
 With coic-itch meazle like a leper, 
 And choak with fumes of Guiney-pepper ; 
 Make lechers and their punks with dewtry 
 Commit phantastical advowtry. 
 
 Hudibras, III. i. 319. 
 
 COWMEAT, fodder ; pasture ; horse- 
 meat is a common expression. 
 Som cuntries lack plowmeat, 
 And som doe want cotcmeat. 
 
 Tusser, p. 102. 
 
 COWSHED, cow-dung. 
 Queen. O dismall newes ! what, is my soue- 
 
 raigne blind ? 
 Lemot. Blind as a beetle, madam, that a while 
 
 houering aloft, at last in coicsheds fall. 
 
 Chapman, Humerous dayes mirth, p. 96. 
 
 COWSLIPED, covered with cowslips. 
 Cf. PEIMROSED. 
 
 Rich with sweets, the western gale 
 Sweeps along the coirslip'd dale. 
 
 Southey, Wat Tyler, Act I. 
 
 COW'S THUMB. 
 
 What need I bring more topicks for illus- 
 tration, since you see 'tis as plain as a co-id's 
 thumb? T. Brown, Works, i. 40. 
 
 Want you old cloaks, plain shoes, or formal 
 gravity? You may fit yourself to a cow's 
 thumb among the Spaniards. Ibid. iii. 26. 
 
 COW-THISTLE. " ' The seeds of the 
 great Cow-thistle dryed and made in 
 powder' are recommended as a cattle 
 medicine in Mascal's Government of 
 Cattel (1662). We do not know what 
 plant is intended ; it is perhaps a mis- 
 print for Sow-thistle" (Britten and 
 Hollands Eny. Plant Names, E. D. 
 S-). It is not, however, a misprint, as 
 the word occurs also in the following 
 extract of the date 1605. 
 
 You should have a wife that . . would . . 
 bridle it in her countenance like a mare that 
 were knapping on a coic-thistle. Breton, I 
 pray you be not anyry, p. 6. 
 
 6 ) COZZE 
 
 COWTHER, to cower. 
 
 Plantus in his Rudens bringeth in fishermen 
 coicthriny and quaking. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 180). 
 
 COXCOMB, a species of silver lace 
 frayed out at the edges. 
 
 It was as necessary to trim his light grey 
 frock with a silver edging of coo-comb, that he 
 might not appear worse than his fellows. 
 Johnston, Chrysal, ch. xi. 
 
 COY, a decoy. See N. s. v., who seems 
 to regard it as very rare. 
 
 They must couragiously accuse themselves 
 in their examination, that they may be more 
 forcible witnesses against the Bishop ; but 
 shall be as so many coy-duks to cry a little in 
 the ears of the world, until the great mallard 
 be catch 't in the coy. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, ii. 133. 
 
 COY-DUCK, decoy-duck. See quot- 
 ation s. v. COY. 
 
 No man ever lost by keeping a coy-duck. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 43. 
 
 His main scope is to show that Grotius 
 tinder a pretence of reconciling the Protestant 
 Churches with the Roman Church, hath 
 acted the part of a coy-duck, willingly or 
 unwillingly, to lead the Protestants into 
 Popery. Bramhall, iii. 504. 
 
 COYTINGE, throwing (?), perhaps in 
 some peculiar way. 
 
 If they be true dise, what shyfte wil they 
 make to set ye one of them with slyding, 
 with cogging, with foysting, with coytinge, 
 as they call it. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 54. 
 
 COZE or COSE, to be snug. 
 
 He is in no temper to meet his fellow- 
 creatures even to see the comfortable gleam 
 through the windows, as the sailors cose 
 round the fire with wife and child. C. 
 Kinysley, Tico Years Ago, ch. iii. 
 
 COZE, a snug conversation. 
 
 Miss Crawford . . . proposed their going 
 np into her room, where they might have a 
 comfortable coze. Miss Austen, Mansfield 
 Park, ch. xxvi. 
 
 COZLING, a little cousin. 
 For money had stuck to the race through life, 
 (As it did to the bushel when cash so rife 
 Posed Ali Baba's brother's wife), 
 
 And down to the cousins and cozlint/s, 
 The fortunate brood of the Kilmanseggs, 
 As if they had come out of golden eggs, 
 
 Were all as wealthy as " Goslings." 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 COZZE, a fish. 
 
 The cod and cozze that greedy are to bite. 
 Dennys, Secrets of Angling (Eng. Garner, 
 \. 166).
 
 CRAB 
 
 ( 157 ) CRADLE-TOMBED 
 
 CRAB. To catch a crab = to fall 
 backwards by missing a stroke in row- 
 ing; to this of course the rower is more 
 liable in rough weather. In the ex- 
 tract the fisherman puns on the two 
 sorts of crabcatching. 
 
 Harold. Fellow, dost thou catch crabs ? 
 
 Fisherman. As few as I may in a wind, 
 and less than I would in a calm. Tennyson, 
 Harold, ii. 1. 
 
 CRABBISH, cross ; sour. 
 
 Sloth . . regards not the whips of the most 
 crabbish Satyristes. Decker, Seven Deadly 
 Sins, ch. iv. 
 
 CRAB-FACED, sour-looking. 
 
 Such crabfaced, cankerd, carlish chuffs, 
 
 Within whose hateful! brestes 
 Such malice hides, such rancour broyles, 
 
 Such endles enuy rests, 
 Esteame them not. 
 
 A . Neuyll, Verses prefixed to 
 Gooye's Eyloys. 
 
 CRABSIDLE, to go sideways like a crab. 
 
 Some backwards like lobsters, and others 
 crabsidling along, and all toiling with a waste 
 of exertion. Southey, Letters (1800), i. 105. 
 
 CRABSNOWTED, same as CRAB-FACED, 
 q. v. 
 
 But as for those crabsnoicted bestes, 
 
 Those ragyng feends of hell, 
 "Whose vile, malicious, hatefull mindes 
 With boyling rancour swell. 
 
 A. Neuyll, Verses prefixed 
 to Googe's Eglogs. 
 
 CRACK, to break into a house ; thieves' 
 cant. See quotation s. v. CRIB. 
 
 If any enterprising burglar had taken it 
 into his head to crack that particular crib 
 known as the Bridge Hotel, and got clean 
 off with the swag, he might have retired on 
 the hard-earned fruits of a well-spent life 
 into happier lands. H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, 
 ch. xxxvii. 
 
 CRACK, a lie. 
 
 Miss JV". There's something generous in 
 my cousin's manner. He falls out before 
 faces to be forgiven in private. 
 
 Tony. That's a damned confounded crack. 
 Goldsmith, She stoops to conquer, Act II. 
 
 CRACKHALTER, a rogue : applied to a 
 mischievous boy. Shakespeare (Taming 
 of Shrew, V. i.) has crack-hemp. 
 
 You crackhalter, if I catch you by the ears, 
 I'll make you answer directly. Gascoiyne, 
 Supposes, i. 4. 
 
 Plutarch with a caueat keepeth them out, 
 not so much as admitting the litle crackhalter 
 that carieth his maister's pantouffles to set 
 f oote within those doores. Gossan, Schoole of 
 Abuse, p. 30. 
 
 CRACKHEADED, crazy. 
 
 I believe, in my conscience, she likes our 
 crackheaded old doctor as well as e'er a young 
 gentleman in Christendom. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Camilla, Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 CRACKLESS, whole ; without flaw. 
 
 Then sith good name's (like glasse) as frail 
 
 as clear, 
 
 All care should keep it cracklesse in thy Dear. 
 Dairies, 'Sir T. Overbury's Wife, p. 6. 
 
 CRACKROPE, a rogue, fit to be hung. 
 Cf . CRACKHALTER. 
 
 Away, you crackropes, are you fighting at 
 the court gate? Edwards, Damon and 
 Pitheas (Dodsley, O. PI., i. 270). 
 
 Robin Goodfellow is this same cogging, 
 pettifogging, crackropes, calves'-skins com- 
 panion. Wily Beyuiled (Hawkins, Ena. 
 Dr., iii. 307). 
 
 CRACKSMAN, a burglar. 
 
 Some mortals disdain the calm blessings of 
 rest, 
 
 Your cracksman, for instance, thinks night- 
 time the best. 
 
 Ingoldsby Let/ends (S. Aloys). 
 
 Whom can I play with ? whom can I 
 herd with? Cracksmen and pick-pockets. 
 Lytton, Wliat will he do with it? Bk. VII. 
 ch. v. 
 
 I have heard him a hundred times if I 
 have heard him once, say to regular cracks- 
 men in our front office, You know where I 
 live ; now, no bolt is ever drawn there ; why 
 don't you do a stroke of business with me ? 
 Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. xxv. 
 
 CRADLE. Tusser Redivivus defines 
 this " A three-forked instrument of wood 
 on which the corn is caught as it falls 
 from the sithe." Tusser reckons among 
 " Husbandlie Furniture" 
 
 A brush sithe and grass sithe, with rifle to 
 
 stand, 
 
 A cradle for barlie, with rubstone and sand. 
 Husbandrie, p. 37. 
 
 CRADLEHOOD, infancy. 
 
 A chronographical latine table, which they 
 have hanging up in their Guildhall of all 
 their transmutations from their cradlehoode 
 infringeth this a little. Nashe, Lenten Stvffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 151). 
 
 CRADLE-PRACTICE, an easy cure, such 
 as the speaker could effect when he 
 began his career. 
 
 The cure of the gout a toy, without boast 
 be it said, my cradle-practice. Massinyer, 
 Emp. of East, iv. 4. 
 
 CRADLE-TOMBED, still-born, or dead in 
 infancy.
 
 CRADLE-WALK ( 158 ) 
 
 CRAVAT 
 
 One in the feeble birth becomming old, 
 Is cradle-toomb'd. 
 
 Sylvester, Babylon, p. 511. 
 
 CRADLE-WALK, a walk over which the 
 trees meet in ail arch, like the top of a 
 cradle. 
 
 The cradle-walk of hornebeame in the 
 garden is, for the perplexed turning of the 
 trees, very observable. Evelyn, Diary, June 
 9, 1662. 
 
 The garden is just as Sir John Germain 
 brought it from Holland ; pyramidal yews, 
 treillages, and square cradle-walks with win- 
 dows clipped in them. Walpole, Letters, ii. 
 451 (1763). 
 
 CRAGGUE, seems to be used in extract 
 for a lean scraggy person. 
 
 Anaxiinenes the rhetorician had a panche 
 as fatte and great as he was able to lugge 
 away withall, to whome Diogenes came, and 
 spake in this mauer, I pray you geue to vs 
 lene crayyues some bealy to. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 147. 
 
 CRAMBE, cabbage. Calfhill and Gau- 
 den seem to use this word as an English 
 one the reference of course is to the 
 crambe repetita of Juvenal, vii. 154. 
 
 I marvel that you, so fine a feeder, will fall 
 to your crambe. Calfhill, p. 320. 
 
 No repeated Crambes of Christ's discipline, 
 of Elders and Elderships ... no engine was 
 capable to buoy up Presbytery. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 17. 
 
 CRAMOISY, crimson (Fr. cramoisi). 
 
 A blustering, dissipated human figure with 
 a kind of blackguard quality air, in cramoisy 
 velvet or other uncertain texture. Carlyle, 
 Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 He gathered for her some velvety cra- 
 moisy roses that were above her reach. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, North and South, ch. iii. 
 
 CRAMPON (Fr.), an iron hook. 
 
 Man with his crampons and harping-irons 
 can draw ashore the great Leviathan. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 7. 
 
 CRAMP - STONE . Cramp - rings were 
 formerly consecrated on Good Friday, 
 and supposed to be efficacious in cramp. 
 See N., s. v. CRAMP-RING. 
 
 Ric. I have the cramp all over me. 
 
 llil. What do you think 
 
 Were best to apply to it ? A cramp-stone, 
 as I take it, 
 
 Were very useful. 
 
 Massinyer, The Picture, v. 1. 
 
 CRANE'S-BILL. See quotation. 
 
 Is there any blue half so pure, and deep, 
 and tender, as that of the large crane's-bill, 
 th Geranium pratense of the botanists? 
 Llack, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. xx. 
 
 CRANK, applied to a ship which from 
 overloading cannot keep a steady course. 
 See quotation from Cook's Voyages in 
 K. In the subjoined it is applied meta- 
 phorically to a drunken man. 
 
 I have heard as how you came by your 
 lame foot by having your upper decks over- 
 stowed with liquor, whereby you became 
 crank, and rolled, d'ye see, in such a manner 
 that by a pitch of the ship your starboard 
 heel was jammed in one of the scuppers. 
 Smollett, Peregrine Pickle, ch. ii. 
 
 CRANKY, cross. 
 
 I would like some better sort of welcome 
 in the evening than what a cranky old brute 
 of a hut-keeper can give me. H. Kingsley, 
 Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xxvii. 
 
 CRANOK, or CORNOOK is the same as 
 the coomb, or half a quarter. 
 
 In the same yeere [1318] corne and other 
 victuals were exceeding deere. A cranok of 
 wheate was sold for three-and-twenty shil- 
 lings, and wine for eight denires. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 175. 
 
 GRANTS, crown or chaplet (German, 
 Krantz). The word occurs in Hamlet, 
 V. i. ; though in some editions "rites" 
 has been substituted. L. says, " This 
 word, which never became English, 
 seems to have been used by Shake- 
 speare on the strength of his having 
 learned that rose-crown is the trans- 
 lation of the name of one of his charac- 
 ters, jRosencrantz." But if 1603 be the 
 date of Hamlet the extract shows that 
 the word had been used eleven years 
 before. See also Jamieson, s. v. crance. 
 
 The filthy queane wears a craunce, and is 
 a Frenchwoman forsooth. Greene, Quip for 
 Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 419). 
 
 CRAPE, to crisp, or friz : from the 
 French creper. 
 
 The hour advanced on the Wednesdays 
 and Saturdays is for curling and craping the 
 hair, which it now requires twice a week. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, I>iary, iii. 29. 
 
 CRATES. 
 
 He descends as low as his beard and asketh 
 . . . whether he will have his crates cut low 
 like a juniper bush, or his suberches taken 
 away with a rasor? Greene, Quip for Upstart 
 Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 406). 
 
 CRAVAT, to wear a cravat. 
 
 I redoubled my attention to my dress ; 
 I coated and cravatted. Lytton, Pelham, 
 ch. xxxiii. 
 
 So nicely dressed, so nicely curled, so 
 booted and gloved and cravated, he was 
 charming indeed. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch.
 
 CRAVAT-STRING ( 159 ) CREEP-MOUSE 
 
 CRAVAT-STRINQ, the ends of the 
 cravat were of a great length, and came 
 down over the chest. Brown refers to 
 it several times as a prominent part in 
 a beau's dress. 
 
 Come, Dick, says I (to a brother of the 
 orange and cravat-string) d me, let us to 
 the play. T. Brown, Works, ii. 314. 
 The ruffling pantaloon declares the flame, 
 And the well-ty'd cravat- string wins the 
 
 fame Ibid. iv. 223. 
 
 CRAVEN. To cry craven = to give 
 in ; to fail. 
 
 "When all humane means cry craven, then 
 that wound made by the hand of God is 
 cured by the hand of His Vicegerent. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. vi. 33. 
 
 CRAWL, to growl : so growl q. v. = 
 crawl. 
 
 My guts they yawle, crawle, and all my 
 belly rumbleth. Gammer Gurton's Needle, 
 II. i. 
 
 CRAW-THUMPER, a beater of the breast ; 
 
 a name given to Romanists from their 
 
 doing so at confession. 
 
 With purer eyes the British vulgar sees, 
 We are no craw-thumpers, no devotees. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 138. 
 
 CRAYSE. H. says the crow's-foot ; 
 but it is distinguished from this in the 
 extract : it probably = buttercup. See 
 Eng. Plant Names (E. D. .). 
 The little larke-foot shee'd not passe 
 Nor yet the flowers of three-leaved grasse, 
 With milkmaids Hunney-suckle's phrase, 
 The crow's-foot, nor the yellow crayse. 
 
 Roxb. Ballads, i. 340. 
 
 CRAZYOLOGIST, a contemptuous cor- 
 ruption of craniologist. Cf. FOTIU- 
 
 TARIAN, FOOLOSOPHER. 
 
 The feeling of local attachment was pos- 
 sessed by Daniel Dove in the highest degree. 
 Spurzheim, and the crazyologists would have 
 found out a bump on his head for its local 
 habitation. Southey, The Doctor, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 CREAM, to pour in cream. 
 
 He sugared, and creamed, and drank, and 
 thought, and spoke not. Miss Edgeworth, 
 Helen, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 CREASE, a Malayan dagger. 
 And on the tables every clime and age 
 Tumbled together, celts and calumets 
 
 The cursed Malayan crease, and battle-clubs 
 From the isles of palm. 
 
 Tennyson, The Princets, Prologue. 
 
 CREASY, creased, as when the skin is 
 wrinkled up. 
 
 From her lifted hand 
 Dangled a length of ribbon and a ring 
 To tempt the babe, who reared his creasy 
 
 arms, 
 Caught at and ever miss'd it, and they 
 
 laugh 'd. Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
 
 CREATURE, drink. In the first ex- 
 tract Mrs. Day finds her puritanical 
 servant, who had been drinking with 
 an Irish footman, intoxicated ; in the 
 last extract it means food generally. 
 The Irish call whisky "the creature." 
 
 Oh fie upon't! who would have believ'd 
 that we should have liv'd to have seen 
 Obadiah overcome with the creature? The 
 Committee, Act IV. 
 
 The confusion of Babel was a parcel of 
 drunkards, who fell out among themselves 
 when they had taken a cup of the creature. 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 32. 
 
 Come, master, let us go and get something 
 to eat ; you will never be able to hold out as 
 Mr. Whitfield does. He seems to like a bit 
 of the good cretur as well as other folks. 
 Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. VII. ch. ii. 
 
 CREDE. In Bailey's Diet, there is, 
 "To Cree (wheat or barley), to boil 
 it soft." 
 
 Take rie and crede it as you do wheat for 
 Furmity, and make a cawdle of it. Queen's 
 Closet Opened, p. 159, 1655. 
 
 CREEK, to form a creek or creeks. 
 
 The towne is ... fortified by Art and 
 Nature. . . . The salt water so creeketh about 
 it, that it almost iusulateth it Holland's 
 Camden, p. 451. 
 
 CREEPERS, " small low irons in a 
 grate between the andirons " (Halli- 
 well). The extract is said to be the 
 answer given by a curate to Archbishop 
 Laud, who asked him what he thought 
 of the Bishops. 
 
 I can no better compare you than with the 
 huge brass andirons that stand in great men's 
 chimneys, and us poor ministers to the low 
 creepers ; you are they that carry it out in a 
 vaiu-glorious show ; but we, the poor curates, 
 undergo and bear the burthen. Rome for 
 Canterbury, 1641 (Harl. Misc., iv. 379). 
 
 CREEPIE, a stool. 
 
 Methinks some of ye might find her a 
 creepie to rest her foot. Reade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. Iv. 
 
 The three-legged creepie-siools, that were 
 hired out at a penny an hour to such market- 
 women as came too late to find room on 
 the steps, were unoccupied. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. ii. 
 
 CREEP-MOUSE, quiet. 
 It will not much signify if nobody hears a 
 word you say, so you may be as creep-mouse
 
 CREEPY 
 
 ( 160 ) 
 
 CROAKY 
 
 as you like, but we must have you to look at. 
 Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. xv. 
 
 CREEPY, crawling as with fear. 
 One's whole blood grew curdling and 
 creepy. Browning, The Glove. 
 
 CRENELET, an embrasure or loop-hole. 
 
 From [these structures] the besieged de- 
 livered their missiles with far more freedom 
 and variety of range than they could shoot 
 through the oblique but immovable loop- 
 holes of the curtain, or even through the 
 sloping crenelets of the higher towers. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xliii. 
 
 CRENELLATION, an embrasure. 
 
 All the professions are so book-lined, book- 
 hemmed, book-choked, that wherever these 
 strong hands of mine stretch towards action, 
 they find themselves met by octavo ramparts 
 flanked with quarto creneUatians. Lytton, 
 The Cartons, Bk. XII. ch. vi. 
 
 CREPDNDIO (?). 
 
 Our quadrant crepundios . . spit ergo in 
 the mouth of euerie one they meete. Nashe, 
 Pref. to Greene's Menaphon, p. 8. 
 
 CRIB, cant term for stomach. Cf. 
 BREAD-BASKET. 
 
 Here's pannum and lap, and good poplars of 
 
 Yarrum, 
 To fill up the crib, and to comfort the 
 
 quarron. JSroome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 CRIB, a house (thieves' cant). See 
 quotation s. v. CRACK. 
 
 There were two young brothers made it 
 up to rob the squire's house down at Gidleigh. 
 They separated in the garden after they 
 cracked the crib, agreeing to meet here in 
 this very place, and share the swag. H. 
 Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. v. 
 
 CRIMINATIVE, accusatory. 
 
 The courtiers are often furious and (ac- 
 cording to the doctrines there) criminative 
 against the judges that are not easy, as being 
 morose, ill-bred, and disrespectful. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, i. 200. 
 
 CRIMP. See extract. H. gives this 
 as a Norfolk word, but in the quotation 
 London is spoken of. 
 
 The brokers of these coals are called 
 crimps; the vessels they load their ships 
 with at Newcastle, keels. Defoe, Tour thro 1 
 G. Britain, ii. 144. 
 
 CRIMP, to decoy into the army, navy, 
 or other service. 
 
 To the reverend fathers it seemed that 
 Denis would make an excellent Jesuit, where- 
 fore they set about coaxing and courting, 
 with intent to crimp him. Carl-ale, Misc., 
 iii. 197. 
 
 CRINIPAROUS, hair-producing. 
 Bears' grease or fat is also in great request, 
 being supposed to have a criniparous or hair- 
 
 ? reducing quality. Poetry of Antijacobin. 
 lote), p. 83. 
 
 CRINITAL, having hair : as applied to 
 a star, it refers to a train of light left 
 by it. 
 
 He the star crinital adoreth. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 726. 
 
 CRIPPLEDOM, state of being a cripple. 
 
 "What with my crippledom and thy piety, 
 a wheeling of thy poor old dad, we'll bleed 
 the bumpkins. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. Iv. 
 
 CRIPPLY, crippled. 
 
 Because he's so cripply, he beant to work 
 no more. Mrs. Trollope, Michael Armstrong, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 CRISP, a fine lace or lawn : in the 
 extractsilver = (Isuppose)embroidered 
 with silver. 
 
 Vpon her head a siluer crisp she pind 
 Loose wauing on her shoulders with the wind. 
 Hudson, Jiidith, iv. 51. 
 
 CRITICASTER, a contemptuous word 
 for critic. Cf. POETASTER. See also 
 quotation s. v. CRITICKIN. 
 
 That people which is a God in intellect 
 and in heart, compared with the criticasters 
 that try to misguide it with their shallow 
 guesses and cant. Reade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. xxvii. 
 
 The rancorous and reptile crew of poet- 
 icules who decompose into criticasters. 
 Swinburne, Under the Microscope, p. 36. 
 
 CRITICISM, minute point. 
 
 Was it because he stood on this punctilio 
 or criticisme of credit, that he might not 
 hereafter be charged with cruelty for exe- 
 cuting his wife, that first he would be 
 divorced from her? Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. iv. 
 25. 
 
 CRITICKIN, small critic. 
 
 Mr. Critickin, for as there is a diminutive 
 for cat, so should there be for critic, I defy 
 you. Southey, TJie Doctor, ch. Ixxii. 
 
 Many are the attempts which have been 
 made, and are making in America too as well 
 as in Great Britain, by critics, critickins, and 
 criticasters (for these are of all degrees), to 
 take from me the lynotum, and force upon 
 me the Magnificum in its stead. Ibid. lu- 
 terchapter xix. 
 
 CROAKY, hoarse. 
 
 His voice was croaky and shrill, with a tone 
 of shrewish obstinacy in it, and perhaps of 
 sarcasm withal. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, 
 Pt. II. ch. iv.
 
 CROCHET 
 
 ( 161 } 
 
 CROPPIE 
 
 CROCHET, apparently a vestment ; 
 misprint for rochet (?) : linea vestis in 
 original. Erasmus is speaking of the 
 garb of popes, cardinals, and bishops. 
 
 Their upper crochet of white linen is to 
 signify their unspotted purity and innocence. 
 Kennel's Erasmus's Praise of Folly, p. 126. 
 
 CROCK, to dirty ; also, as a substan- 
 tive, dirt. In the quotation from Miss 
 Bronte crock seems to be used = a pot 
 covered with dirt : thus combining the 
 two meanings of the word given in L., 
 s. v. 
 
 Do you think, ma'am, that I was very fond 
 of such dirt beneath my feet, as I couldn't 
 condescend to touch with kitchen tongs with- 
 out blacking and crocking myself by the con- 
 tact ? Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. xlii. 
 
 Here I stand talking to mere mooncalfs 
 with Uncle Pumblechook waiting, and the 
 mare catching cold at the door, and the boy 
 grimed with crock and dirt from the hair of 
 his head to the sole of his foot. Ibid., Great 
 Expectations, ch. vii. 
 
 A shocking ugly old creature, Miss ; almost 
 as black as a crock. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xviii. 
 
 CROCKETED, ornamented as with 
 crockets. 
 
 I had been long by the waterside at this 
 lower end of the valley, plaiting a little 
 crown of woodbine crocketed with sprigs of 
 heath. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. xxi. 
 
 CROCKETS, knobs on a stag's head. 
 
 You will carry the horns back to London, 
 and you will have them put up, and you will 
 discourse to your friends of the span and the 
 pearls, of the antlers and the crockets. 
 Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xxv. 
 
 CROCK-SAW, a long-toothed iron plate 
 like a saw, which hangs at the back of 
 the fire-place to carry the pots and 
 crocks ; this can be held by when the 
 fire is low. 
 
 Master Huckaback stood up, without much 
 aid from the crock-saw, and looked at mother 
 and all of us. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. 
 xiv. 
 
 CROFT, a corruption of carafe (Fr.), 
 a glass bottle for water. 
 
 The Bishop crowned his glass, quoting 
 Pindar in praise of the virtues of cold water 
 with a jovial air, and pushed the croft to the 
 Vicar. Savage, R. Medlicott, Bk. III. ch. xiii 
 
 CROFTER, the holder of a croft or 
 small piece of ground. 
 
 Now there is no more tacksmen to be the 
 masters of the small crofters, and the crofters 
 they would think they were landlords them- 
 
 selves if there were no dues for them to pay. 
 Black, Princess of Thule, ch. iv. 
 
 CROISEE, a crusader ; one marked 
 with the cross. 
 
 When the English croisees went into the 
 East in the first Crusade, A.D. 1096, they found 
 St. George ... a great warrior-saint amongst 
 the Christians of those parts. Archaol., v. 
 19 (1779). 
 
 CROME, hook or pincer. 
 
 What shall I speak of the other blessed 
 martyrs whereof some were . . . rent a pieces 
 with hot burning iron cromes. Becon, ii. 150. 
 
 CROMMELL, cromlech ; a monument 
 formed by two large upright stones with 
 a third placed transversely on the top. 
 
 Up sprang the rude gods of the North, 
 and the resuscitated Druidism passing from 
 its earliest templeless belief into the later 
 corruptions of crommell and idol. Lytton, 
 Caxtons, Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 CROODLE, to cuddle. 
 
 " There," said Lucia, as she clung croodling 
 to him, " there is a pretty character of you, 
 sir." C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. x. 
 
 CROON, to murmur softly. 
 
 Any other woman would have been melted 
 to marrow at hearing such stanzas crooned 
 in her praise. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxiv. 
 
 Along the lonely highway this was the 
 devil's dirge he had been crooning to himself. 
 Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. xxiv. 
 
 CROP. See quotation. 
 
 Who was Crop the Conjuror, famous in 
 trivial speech, as Merlin in romantic lore, or 
 Doctor Faustus in the school of German 
 extravagance? Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 CROP-DOUBLET, a short doublet. 
 
 Hospitality went out of fashion with crop- 
 doublets and cod pieces. Love trill find out 
 the way, I. i. 
 
 GROPE, crept. The Diets, give no 
 later example of this form than from 
 Chaucer and Gower. 
 
 Another witness crope out against the 
 Lord Stafford. North, Examen, p. 217. 
 
 The Captain was just crope out of Newgate, 
 and, as was observed, began his fire at a 
 distance. Ibid. p. 273. 
 
 CROPPER, a heavy fall ; a tumble 
 neck and crop. 
 
 This is the man that charged up to my as- 
 sistance when I was dismounted among the 
 guns, and kept by me, while I caught another 
 horse. What a cropper I went down, didn't 
 I ? H. Kingsley, Bavenshoe, ch. Ivii. 
 
 CROPPIE. Irish rebel. 
 Wearing the hair short and without 
 powder was, at this time, considered a mark of 
 M
 
 CROPSHIN 
 
 ( 162 ) 
 
 CROUP 
 
 French principles. Hair so worn was called 
 a " crop." Hence Lord Melbourne's phrase, 
 "crop imitating wig" [Poetry of Anti-jaco- 
 bin, p. 411. This is the origin of " croppies " 
 as applied to the Irish rebels of 1789. Letters 
 of Sir G. C. Lewis, p. 410. 
 
 CROPSHIN. See extract. 
 
 There was a herring, or there was not, for 
 it was but a cropshin (one of the refuse sort 
 of herrings). Nashe, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 176). 
 
 CROSS. To be on the cross = to be a 
 thief. See quotation s. v. CLY- FAKING. 
 
 The young woman is Bess, and perhaps she 
 may be on the cross, and I don't go to say 
 that what with flimping and with cly-faking, 
 and such like, she mayn't be wanted some 
 day .... Flimping is a style of theft which 
 I have never practised, and consequently of 
 which I know nothing. Cly-faking is stealing 
 pocket-handkerchiefs. H. Kinysley, Ravens- 
 hoe, ch. lx. 
 
 CROSS AS TWO STICKS, extremely cross. 
 
 "We got out of bed back'ards, I think, for 
 we're as cross as tico sticks. Dickens, Martin 
 C'huzzlemt, ch. xxix. 
 
 When her chamber-door was closed, she 
 scolded her maid, and was as cross as tico 
 tticks. Thackeray, The Netccomes, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 CROSS-BARS, bars sinister, the heraldic 
 mark of illegitimacy. 
 
 Few are in love with Cross-bars, and to be 
 brother to a by-blow is to be a bastard once 
 removed. Gentleman Instructed, p. 11. 
 
 CROSSBARS, misfortunes. " Hence 
 grew my crossbars " is Stanyhurst's 
 version (Jgn., ii. 108) of " Hinc mihi 
 prima mali lobes" 
 
 CROSSBITINQ, cheat. 
 
 I grant that affronts, tergiversations, cross- 
 bitinys, personal reflections, and such like, 
 might make the King and the Duke angry 
 with him. North, Examen, p. 55. 
 
 CROSS-BUTTOCKS, blows across the 
 back or loins. 
 
 Many cross-buttocks did I sustain, and pegs 
 on the stomach without number. Smollett, 
 Roderick Random, ch. xxvii. 
 
 CROSS-INVITE, to return an invitation. 
 
 His lordship chose to be so far rude as not 
 to cross-invite, rather than bear the like con- 
 sequences of such another intercourse of his 
 own designing. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 ii. 142. 
 
 CBOSSISH, rather cross. 
 
 Jane, who sometimes used to be a little 
 mmt/i,and Cicely too, wept sadly. Richard- 
 son, Pamela, i. 128. 
 
 CROSS-JINGLING, antithetical. See 
 quotation from Milton s. v. AFRICANISM. 
 
 CROSS-PATCH, a peevish person. Cf. 
 PATCHY. 
 
 Cross-patch, draw the latch, 
 Sit by the fire and spin. 
 
 Old Nursery Rhyme. 
 
 Thou's fitter to be about mother than me ; 
 I'm but a cross-patch at best, an' now it's 
 like as if I was no good to nobody. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xxvi. 
 
 CROSS-POINT, a step in dancing. 
 
 Nay but, my friends, one hornpipe further, 
 a refluence back, and two doubles forward : 
 what, not one cross-point against Sundays ? 
 Greene, James IV., IV. iii. 
 
 CROSS-WEEK, Rogation-week. The 
 editor of Pilkington says because the 
 invention of the Cross occurred at that 
 time (May 3), but it is only occasion- 
 ally that that festival occurs in Rogation 
 week. Might it not be so called from 
 the Cross being carried about the parish 
 in the Rogation processions ? 
 
 From whence came all the gang-days to be 
 fasted in the cross-week? Pilkinyton, p. 556. 
 
 The parson, vicar, or curate, and church- 
 wardens . . shall in the days of the rogations 
 commonly called Cross-week or Gang-days 
 walk the accustomed bounds of every parish 
 Grindal, p. 141. 
 
 CROTCHETEER, a man who has whims 
 or crotchets. 
 
 In every large constituency there are bands 
 of crotcheteers, and a candidate who cares to 
 attach these crotcheteers to him by lavish 
 promises will generally find his account, at 
 any rate for the time being, in so doing. 
 London, Dec. 21, 1878, p. 580. 
 
 CROTELLS, the ordure of a hare. N. 
 has crott for ordure generally, with a 
 quotation from Howell. The speaker 
 in the extract is supposed to be a man 
 who has been turned into an otter. 
 
 The fewmets of a deer, the lesses of a fox, 
 the crotells of a hare, the dung of a horse, 
 and the spraints that I use to void backward, 
 are nothing so foetid [as the excrement of 
 man]. Hmcell, Parly of lieasts, p. 8. 
 
 CROUP, to croak. 
 
 Then as in time of spring the water is warme, 
 And crouping frogs like fishes there doth 
 
 swarme ; 
 But with the smallest stone that you can 
 
 cast 
 To stirre the streame, their crouping stayes 
 
 as fast. Hudson's Judith, III. 48.
 
 CROUP 
 
 CRUP 
 
 CROUP, a gambling term (see quota- 
 tion). The superintendent of the play 
 at a gambling table is called a croupier. 
 
 I have a game in my baud, in which if 
 you'll croup me, that is, help me to play 
 it, you shall go five hundred to nothing. 
 Gibber, Provoked Husband, II. i. 
 
 CBOWDER, a fiddler. This word is in 
 the Diets. : but Fuller's jocular deriva- 
 tion may be noticed. 
 
 There is a company of pretenders to 
 Musick, who are commonly called Croicdfrs, 
 and that justly too, because they croicd into 
 the company of gentlemen both uuseut for 
 and unwelcome. Fuller, Worthies, ch. x. 
 
 CROWDES, an underground vault. 
 
 Within the Church, Saint Wilfride's Needle 
 was in our grandfathers' remembrance very 
 famous : a narrow hole was this, in the Croicdes 
 or close vaulted roome under the ground. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 700. 
 
 CROWN. The poem which follows 
 the extract is in ainsebean stanzas of 
 ten lines, each stanza beginning with 
 the last line of the preceding one. 
 
 Stephen again began this dizain, which 
 was answered unto him in that kind of verse 
 which is called the Crown. Sidney, Arcadia, 
 p. 217. 
 
 CRQWNED, high-crowned. 
 
 A poor decrepit old woman, however, in 
 her crowned hat, .... was terribly battered 
 and burnt. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. 
 III. ch. xx. 
 
 CROW-TREE. 
 
 I like Thornfield, its antiquity, its retire- 
 ment, its old crow-trees and thorn-trees. 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xv. 
 
 CROW-TRODDEN, having crow's feet 
 or wrinkles under the eyes, and so, 
 aged. Breton prays to be delivered. 
 From a stale peece of flesh that is twice 
 
 sodden, 
 
 And from a bloud-raw roasted peece of beefe, 
 And from a crauen hen that is croic-trodden. 
 Pasquil's Precession, p. 9. 
 
 CRUCIADA, the Spanish cruzada, which 
 meant both a crusade, and a papal bull 
 giving privileges to those who joined 
 therein. It bears the latter sense in the 
 extract. 
 
 The Pope's Cruciada drew thousands of 
 soldiers to adventure into the Holy War. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 196. 
 
 CRUCIATORY, torturing. 
 
 These cruciatory passions do operat some- 
 times with such a violence that they drive 
 him to despair. Howell, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 7. 
 
 CRUCIFIXION, torture. 
 Say, have ye sense, or do ye prove 
 What crucifixions are in love r 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 169. 
 
 CRUCIFY, to pillory. 
 
 So Bruin fared, 
 
 But tugg*d and pull'd on th' other side, 
 Like scriv'ner newly crucify 1 d. 
 
 Hudibras, I. iii. 152. 
 Is't possible that you whose ears 
 Are of the tribe of Issachar's, 
 And might (with equal reason) either 
 For merit or extent of leather, 
 With William Pryn's before they were 
 Retrench'd and crucify'd compare. 
 
 Ibid., Letter to Sidrophel, 14. 
 
 CRUD, curdle. 
 
 Barbarous nations who lived of milke, .... 
 had the feat of cruddiny it to a pleasant 
 tartnesse and to fat butyr. Holland's Cam- 
 den, p. 601. 
 
 CHUG, the commons of bread at 
 Christ's Hospital. 
 
 He had his tea and hot rolls in a morning, 
 while we were battening upon our quarter 
 of a penny loaf our crug moistened with 
 attenuated small beer in wooden piggins, 
 smacking of the pitched leather jack it 
 was poured from. Lamb, Essays (Christ's 
 Hospital). 
 
 CRUMP, a deformed or crooked per- 
 son. It was more used as an adjective, 
 and the diminutive crumpled is still 
 common, though not applied to the 
 body. 
 
 That piece of deformity ! that monster ! 
 that crump! Vanbrugh, JEsop, Act II. 
 
 If I stand to hear this crump preach a 
 little longer, I shall be fool enough perhaps 
 to be bubbled out of my livelihood. Ibid., 
 Act III. 
 
 CRUMPLER, cravat, from the creases 
 in which it is folded. 
 
 If I see a boy make to do about the fit of 
 his crurnpler, and the creasing of his breeches, 
 and desire to be shod for comeliness rather 
 than for use, I cannot 'scape the mark that 
 God took thought to make a girl of him. 
 Elackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. iii. 
 
 CRUNCH, to crush. 
 
 A crunching of wheels and a splashing 
 tramp of horse-hoofs became audible on the 
 wet gravel. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xviii. 
 
 CRUP, abbreviated form of crupper ; 
 from stress of rhyme. 
 
 Alarum'd thus from sleep I rouse, 
 And got a-strid the ridge of house, 
 Deeming it politick and proper 
 T'avoid the scandal of Eves-dropper ; 
 M 2
 
 CR UP-SHOULDERED ( 164 ) 
 
 CULPABLE 
 
 And listening sate where I got up, 
 Till I had almost gauled my crup. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 37. 
 
 CRUP-SHOULDERED. 
 
 Hee hath almost no hayre on his head, 
 and he hath lost one of his eares ; hee goes 
 crup shouldered, and sits downe by leisure. 
 Breton, Miseries of Mavillia, p. 49. 
 
 CRUSADO, a Portugese coin ; those 
 referred to by Pepys were received in 
 payment of Queen Catherine's dowry. 
 
 Spoke to my Lord about exchange of the 
 crusados iuto sterling money. Pepys, June 2, 
 1662. 
 
 CROTCH-BACK, a crooked back. 
 
 jEsope, for all his crutch-lack, had a quick 
 wit. Nine Worthies of London, 1592 (Harl. 
 Misc., viii. 437). 
 
 CRYING-OUT, confinement. The verb 
 is more common (Hen. VIII., V. i. ; 
 Pepys, July 12, 1668, &c.). 
 
 Aunt Nell who, by the way, was at the 
 crying-out, and was then so frighted, so 
 thankful to God, and so happy in her own 
 situation (no, not for the world would she be 
 other than she was), now grudges the nurses 
 half their cares. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 
 323. 
 
 CUCK, to cuckoo. 
 
 Clucking of moorfowls, cucking of cuckoos, 
 bumbling of bees. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. xiii. 
 
 CUCK, to duck on the cucking-stool. 
 What think you of Alee that sells butter ? 
 
 Her neighbour's head clothes she off pluck't, 
 And she scolded from dinner to supper, 
 
 Oh such a scold would be cuckt. 
 
 Roxburgh Ballads, i. 54. 
 
 CUDDY, a lout ; it is one of the nick- 
 names of the donkey. 
 
 It cost more tricks and troubles by half, 
 Than it takes to exhibit a six-legged calf 
 To a boothful of country Cuddies. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 CUE-BALL, piebald ; skewbald. 
 
 A gentleman on a cue - ball horse was 
 coming slowly down the hill. Blackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. xxxix. 
 
 CUFF, an old fellow or miser. 
 
 Gi. You must know I boarded with An- 
 tronius. 
 
 Ja. What with that rich old cuff? 
 
 Gi. Yes, with that sordid hunks. 
 
 Bailey's Erasmus Colloq., p. 371. 
 
 Zounds ! they are just here ; ten to one 
 the old ewjf may not stay with her; I'll pop 
 into this closet. Colman, Polly Honeycombe, 
 Scene III. 
 
 CUIT, a kind of sweet wine. See H. 
 
 Infused also it is many waies, and after- 
 wards either preserved in cuit, or incorporab 
 with houy. Holland, Pliny, xix. 5. 
 
 CULE, fundament. 
 Then foloweth my lord on his mule, 
 Trapped with gold under her cule, 
 In every point most curiously. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me 
 and be nott wrothe, p. 56. 
 
 CULL, a fool ; cully is the more usual 
 form. 
 
 The old put wanted to make a parson of 
 me, but d n me, thinks I to myself, I'll 
 nick you there, olrl cull ; the devil a smack of 
 yonr nonsense shall you ever get iuto me. 
 Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VII. ch. xii. 
 
 I will show you the way to empty the 
 pocket of a queer cull, without any danger of 
 the nubbing cheat. Ibid. Bk. VIII. ch. xii. 
 
 I never had a better run of company in 
 my life than to enquire iuto that affair ; and 
 they all of the right sort your secret, grave, 
 old rich culls, just fit to do business with. 
 Johnston, Chrysal, ii. 17. 
 
 CULM EN, height or acme (Latin). 
 
 He had the advantage of the common tend- 
 ency of things to change, which from a cul- 
 men at the Restoration went continually de- 
 clining towards the Vale of bitterness to the 
 Crown, sedition, and rebellion. North, Ex- 
 amen, p. 118. 
 
 The copying these shameless and barbarous 
 practices of that age is the culmen of the his- 
 torian's art and invention. Ibid. p. 145. 
 
 CULOTTIC, having breeches, and so 
 belonging to the more respectable 
 classes as opposed to the Sansculottes. 
 See quotation s. v. HABILATORY. 
 
 Young Patriotism, Culottic and Sansculot- 
 tic, rushes forward emulous. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. VI. ch. iii. 
 
 Let the guilty tremble therefore, and the 
 suspect, and the rich, and in a word all 
 manner of Culottic men. Ibid. Pt. III. Bk. 
 V. ch. ii. 
 
 CULOTTISM, the opposite of SANSCU- 
 LOTTISM, q. v.; the rule or influence of 
 the more respectable classes ; literally, 
 breechedness or inexpressibleness. 
 
 Sansculottism, anarchy of the Jean-Jacques 
 Evangel, having now got deep enough, is to 
 perish in a new singular system of Culottism 
 and arrangement. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. VII. ch. i. 
 
 He who in these epochs of our Europe 
 founds on garnitures, formulas, culottisms of 
 what sort soever, is founding on old cloth 
 and sheepskin, and cannot endure. Ibid. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 CULPABLE, a culprit. 
 
 One thing more is to be remembered which
 
 CULT 
 
 CURABLE 
 
 was talked in coffee-houses concerning his 
 lordship ; but by those only who were the 
 culpaUes. North. Life of Lord Gv.il ford, II. 
 246. 
 
 CULT, worship. 
 
 Yet how distinguish what our will may 
 wisely save in its completeness, from the 
 heaping of cat-mummies and the expensive 
 cult of enshrined putrefactions? G. Eliot, 
 Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxii. 
 
 CULTCH. See extract; "they" = 
 people of Colchester. 
 
 The Spat cleaves to Stones, old Oyster- 
 shells, pieces of wood, and such-like things 
 at the bottom of the sea which they call 
 Cultch. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Brit., i. 9. 
 
 CULVERTAGE, forfeiture of vassal's 
 land to the lord. When the King of 
 France was about to invade England 
 King John summoned ' 
 
 All earles, barons, knights, and who else 
 could bear armes of any condition, to bee 
 ready at Douer presently upon Easter, furn- 
 ished with horse, armour, and all military 
 prouision . . . vnder paine of Culuertage and 
 perpetuall servitude. Daniel, Hist, of Enq., 
 p. 116. 
 
 CUMFORY, a plant ; bellis perennis. 
 
 To restore and well flesh them, they com- 
 monly gave them hog's flesh, with oil, butter, 
 and honey ; and a decoction of Cumfory to 
 bouze. Sir T. Brown, Tract V. 
 
 CUM- TWANG, a term of abuse or re- 
 proach, apparently = miser. See quot- 
 ation at large s. v. HUDDLE-DUDDLE. 
 
 Gray-beard huddle-duddles and crusty 
 cum-twangs. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 147). 
 
 GUN, to give directions. Cf. CON ; 
 and see H. s. v. cund. 
 
 I must confess you did not steer, but how- 
 sornever you cunned all the way, and so, as 
 you could not see how the land lay, being 
 blind of your larboard eye, we were fast 
 ashore before you knew anything of the mat- 
 ter. Smollett, Peregrine Pickle, ch. ii. 
 
 CUNICULAR, pertaining to the cradle, 
 childish. 
 
 They might have observed, even in his 
 cunicular days, in this Lodowick Muggleton, 
 an obstinate, dissentious, andopposive spirit. 
 Account of Lodowick Muyyleton, 1676 (Harl. 
 Misc., i. 610). 
 
 CUNNY-BERRY, rabbit-hole. 
 
 Swearing . . . that the walls should not 
 keep the coward from him, but he would 
 fetch him out of his Cunny-berry . Sidney, 
 Arcadia, p. 277. 
 
 CUP, to drink. The verb occurs in 
 Ant. and Cleop., II. vii.=to supply with 
 
 drink, and N. gives the past participle 
 cupped, intoxicated, with extract from 
 Taylor. To cup usually means to draw 
 blood by means of a cupping-glass, as 
 in the second extract. 
 
 The former is not more thirsty after his 
 cupping than the latter is hungry after his 
 devouring. Adams, i. 484. 
 
 The pleurisy ... is helped much by cupping : 
 I do not mean drinking. Ibid. i. 487. 
 
 CUPBOARD. To cry cupboard = to 
 be hungry. 
 
 Footman. Madam, dinner's upon the table. 
 Col. Faith I'm glad of it ; my belly began to 
 
 cry cupboard. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 CUPIDITY, is now almost confined to 
 the sense of avarice, but in the sub- 
 joined it means that love over which 
 Cupid is supposed to preside. 
 
 Love, as it is called by boys and girls, shall 
 ever be the subject of my ridicule. Does it 
 not lead us girls into all manner of absurd- 
 ities, inconveniences, undutifulness, dis- 
 grace ? Villainous cupidity ! it does. 
 Richardson, Grandison, vi. 105. 
 
 She calls her idle flame love a cupidity 
 which only was a something she knew not 
 what to make of. Ibid. vi. 179. 
 
 CUP-MOSS, Lecanora Tartarea. t 
 
 Crowd close, little snipes, among the cup- 
 moss and wolf's-foot, for he who stalks past 
 you over the midnight moor, meditates a 
 foul and treacherous murder in his heart. 
 H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. vi. 
 
 CUPPING-HOUSE, a tavern. 
 
 How many of these madmen ramble about 
 this city ! that lavish out their short times in 
 this confused distribution of playing, dicing, 
 drinking, feasting, beasting ; a cupping-house, 
 a vaulting-house, a gaming-house, share their 
 means, lives, souls. Adams, i. 277. 
 
 CUPRITE, libation. 
 Juppiter almighty, whom men Maurusian, 
 
 eating 
 On the tabils varnisht, with cuprits magni- 
 
 fye dulye. Stanyhurst, jn., iv. 214. 
 
 CUP-SHOTTEN, drunken. 
 
 This is no part of that sober wisdom which 
 St. Paul commendeth to you, but of that 
 cup-shotten wisdom which he there condemn- 
 eth. Andrewes, v. 15. 
 
 The spring-tide of their mirth so drowned 
 their souls that the Turks coming in upon 
 them cut every one of their throats, to the 
 number of twenty thousand ; and quickly 
 they were stabbed with the sword that were 
 cup-shot before. Fuller, Holy War, Bk. III. 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 CURABLE, curative ; not, as now, 
 capable of being cured.
 
 CURACY ( 1 66 ) CURTEL 
 
 The owlets hoot, the owlets curr, 
 
 And Johnny's lips they burr, burr, burr, 
 
 As on he goes beneath the moon. 
 
 Wordsworth, The Idiot Boy, 
 
 CURRICLE, to drive as in a curricle. 
 
 Who is this that comes curricliny through 
 the level yellow sunlight, like one of respect- 
 ability keeping his gig? Carlyle, Misc.. iv. 
 98. 
 
 CURRIER, a candle ; same as quarter, 
 q. v. in N. Lights were used in catch- 
 ing birds. 
 
 The Currier and the lime-rod are the death 
 of the fowle, and the faulcon's bels ring the 
 death of the mallard. Breton, Fantastickts 
 (January). 
 
 CURTAINLESS, without curtains. 
 
 I rose up on my curtainless bed, trembling 
 and quivering. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. 
 xxxii. 
 
 CURTALIZE, to curtail or crop. 
 
 He spake much of his own abilities . . . and 
 therefore how unworthy it was to curtalize 
 his eares, generally given out by the Bishop's 
 servants as the punishment intended unto 
 him. Fuller, Ch. Hist, XI. ii. 64. 
 
 CURTANA, a sword without an edge, 
 borne before our Sovereigns at their 
 coronation, typifying mercy. It is said 
 to have belonged to Edward the Con- 
 fessor. 
 
 Homage denied, to censures you proceed ; 
 But when Curtana will not do the deed, 
 You lay that pointless clergy-weapon by, 
 And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly. 
 
 Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 419. 
 
 CURTED, curt, laconic. 
 Bee your words made (good 'Sir) of Indian 
 
 ware, 
 
 That you allow mee them by so small rate : 
 Or do you curled Spartans imitate, 
 Or do you mean my tender ears to spare ? 
 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, 92. 
 
 CURTEL. " Double curtel, a musical 
 instrument that plays the bass " 
 (Bailey). Brown used the word in 
 another place. See extract s. v. OUT- 
 GRUNT. In the first extract it seems = 
 a measure (of liquor). 
 
 The poore prisoners complaine how cruel 
 they [gaolers] be to them : extorting with 
 extraordinary fees, selling a duble curtail, as 
 they call it, with a duble juge of beere for 
 2 pence, which contains not above a pint 
 and a halfe. Greene, Quip for an Upstart 
 Courtier, 1592 (Harl. Misc., v. 409). 
 
 I knew him by his hoarse voice, which 
 sounded like the lowest note of a double 
 cmirtel. T. Brown, Works, ii. 182. 
 
 Nicephorus and the Tripartite History re- 
 port of a miraculous fouutaine by the high- 
 way side, where Christ would have departed 
 from the two disciples : who, when Hee was 
 conversant upon earth, and wearied with a 
 long journey, there washed His feet ; the 
 water from thenceforth retaining a curable 
 vertue against all diseases. Sandys, Trauels, 
 Bk. III. p. 174. 
 
 CURACY, guardianship. 
 
 Perhaps the republican party concluded 
 such issue must come to the Crown young, 
 and then they had a game de integro by way 
 of curacy and protectorship. North, Examen, 
 p. 260. 
 
 CURATESS, a female curate, or curate's 
 wife. 
 
 A very lowly curate I might perhaps essay 
 to rule ; but a curatess would be sure to get 
 the better of me. Trollope, Barchester 
 Towers, ch. xxi. 
 
 CURB, to swindle or rob in some way. 
 N. gives an instance of the word = to 
 cringe ; it may refer therefore to those 
 who for the purposes of fraud attack 
 their victims with flattery and compli- 
 ment. 
 
 Though you can foyst, nip, prig, lift, curbe, 
 and use the black art, yet you cannot cross- 
 bite without the helpe of a woman. Greene, 
 Theeves falling out, 1615 (Harl. Misc., viii. 
 389). 
 
 CURELESS, unrestrained. 
 
 That beck itself was then a torrent, turbid 
 and curbless. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. ix. 
 
 CURDLE, curd, coagulation. 
 
 There is a kind of down or curdle on his 
 wit, which is like a gentlewoman's train, 
 more than needs. Adams, i. 501. 
 
 CURIOUS, to work curiously or elabor- 
 ately. 
 
 For tablet fine 
 
 About his neck hangs a great cornaline, 
 Where some rare artist curiousing upon't 
 Hath deeply cut Time's triple-formed front. 
 Sylvester, Magnijicence, p. 920. 
 
 CURMUDGEL, a form of curmudgeon, 
 adopted apparently from stress of 
 rhyme. 
 
 Would one 
 
 Be so ungrateful a Curmudgel 
 To steal away his Age's Cudgel ? 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 185. 
 
 CURNING, churning, grinding. 
 
 Flie where men feele 
 
 The earning axel-tree ; and those that suffer 
 Beneath the chariot of the snowy beare. 
 
 Chapman, Bussy D'Ambois, Act V. 
 
 CURR, an onomatopceous word, to ex- 
 press the noise of owlets.
 
 CURTSE Y 
 
 ( 167 ) CUT AND COME AGAIN 
 
 CURTSEY. The Editor of Ward ex- 
 plains this as "a short cut," which 
 makes sense, but is there any authority 
 for this use of the word ? 
 
 The whole shire must be troubled to hear 
 and judge of a curtsey made out of the path, 
 or a blow given upon the shoulder, upon 
 occasion of a wager, or such like bauble-tres- 
 passes which I shame to mention. Ward's 
 Sermons, p. 131. 
 
 CUBTSIE-CAPPING, low salutations. 
 
 If they do so admire me in silks, how would 
 they cap me and curtsey me, and worship me, 
 if I were in velvets. H. Smith, Sermons, i. 
 206. 
 
 Great Scipio sated with fain'd curtsie-capping, 
 With court eclipses, and the tedious gaping 
 Of golden beggars. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first weeke, 1060. 
 
 CUSHION, the seat of justice. 
 
 [Chief Justice Hales] became the cushion 
 exceedingly well. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 114. 
 
 The Court of Common Pleas had been out- 
 witted by the King's Bench, till his lordship 
 came upon the cushion. Ibid. i. 123. 
 
 CUSHION, to put aside or suppress ; a 
 metaphor taken from billiards. 
 
 The apothecary trotted into town, now in 
 full possession of the Vicar's motives for 
 desiring to cushion his son's oratory. Savage, 
 E. Medlicott, Bk. II. ch. x. 
 
 CUSHION. Queen Mary was often mis- 
 takenly believed by herself and others 
 to be pregnant ; hence Queen Mary ' s 
 Cushion = protuberance, that produces 
 nothing. Some suspected Mary of an 
 attempt to palm off a supposititious 
 child on the nation. 
 
 Thus his pregnant motives are at last 
 proved nothing but a tympany, or a Queen 
 Mary's cushion. Milton, Eikonoklastes,ch.iii. 
 
 It is an hyperbole, beyond the conception 
 of humanity, that a King pretending to 
 so much reason, religion, and piety, should 
 praise (or rather mock) God for a child, 
 whilst his Queen had only conceived a pillow, 
 and was brought to bed of & cushion. . . . This 
 was the old contrivance of another Mary- 
 Queen. Letter from the Pope, 1689 (Harl. 
 Misc., i. 370). 
 
 CUSHIONY, like a cushion. 
 
 The merchant was a bow-legged character, 
 with a flat and cushiony nose, like the last 
 new strawberry. Dickens, Uncommercial 
 Traveller, ch. x. 
 
 CUSTODIAL, the tabernacle in which 
 the Host is reserved. 
 
 The priest . . . then took the custodial, 
 and showed the patient the Corpus Domini 
 within. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Ixii. 
 
 CUSTOM, to frequent as a customer ; 
 to deal at. 
 Did we here find you out, custom'd your 
 
 house, 
 And help'd away your victuals, which had 
 
 else 
 Lain mouldy on your hands ? 
 
 Maine, City Match, ii. 5. 
 
 CUSTOMER, a country customer = a 
 simple fellow, a yokel ; customer is also 
 used in an opposite sense, as meaning 
 sharp or able ; this latter is noticed 
 byL. 
 
 The country fellow . . . picked a quarrel 
 with the map, because he could not find 
 where his own farm stood. And such a 
 country customer I did meet with once. 
 Heylin, Cosmographie, Preface. 
 
 CUT, to run ; common as a slang ex- 
 pression, but the subjoined are early 
 instances of its use in this sense. 
 
 Caligula lying in Fraunce with a greate 
 armie of fighting menne, brought all his 
 force on a sudden to the sea side, as though 
 hee intended to cutte ouer and inuade Eng- 
 land. Gosson, Schoole of Abuse, Ep. Ded. 
 
 I fear to faint if (at the first) too fast 
 
 I cut away, and make too hasty haste. 
 
 Sylvester, first day, first weeke, p. 841. 
 
 CUT, to ignore an acquaintance. L. 
 has the word with quotation from 
 Disraeli's Young Duke. The subjoined 
 is many years earlier. 
 
 That he had nit me ever since my mar- 
 riage, I had seen without surprise or resent- 
 ment. Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 
 ch. xliv. 
 
 CUT, the act of purposely ignoring an 
 acquaintance. 
 
 We met and gave each other the cut direct 
 that night. Thackeray, Snobs, ch. ii. 
 
 CUT. To cut the grass from under a 
 person is to disconcert him, to leave 
 him without any plea or stand-point. 
 We usually say ground instead of grass. 
 
 My lord Clifford, under pretence of making 
 all his interest for his patron my Ld. Arling- 
 ton, cutt the yrasse under his feet, and pro- 
 cur'd it for himself, assuring the king that 
 Lord Arlington did not desire it. Evelyn, 
 Diary, Aug. 18, 1673. 
 
 CUT AND COME AGAIN, a vulgar ex- 
 pression to signify that there is abund- 
 ance. 
 
 Col. I vow 'tis a noble sirloyn. 
 
 Nev. Ay, here's cut and come again, Miss. 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 Something of bold and new design 
 Dug from the never-failing mine,
 
 CUT- A WA Y 
 
 ( 168 ) 
 
 CYULE 
 
 That's work'd within your fertile brain, 
 Where all is cut and come ayain. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. ch. iv. 
 Cut and come ayain was the order of the 
 evening, as it had been of the day ; and I 
 had no time to ask questions, but help meat 
 and ladle gravy. Blackmore, Lorna Doom, 
 ch. xxix. 
 
 CUT-AWAY, a coat, the skirts of which 
 are cut away, so that they do not hang 
 down as in a frock-coat : also used as 
 an adjective. 
 
 He had ... a brown cut-away coat with 
 brass buttons, that fitted tight round a spider 
 waist. Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. 
 viii. 
 
 " The hounds ! " calls out a fifth-form boy, 
 clad in a green cut-away, with brass buttons 
 and cord trousers. Hughes, Tom Brown's 
 Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. vi. 
 
 CUTE, vulgar abbreviation of acute ; 
 sharp, clever. See extract from Foote, 
 
 S. V. MlSCHIEFFUL. 
 
 Truly, Madam, I write and indite but 
 poorly ; I never was kute at my learning. 
 Goldsmith, Good-natured Man, iv. 2. 
 
 " I believe," continued this candid per- 
 sonage (who had never been in any of the 
 States) " they [Yankees] are the cruellest set 
 on the face of the earth, but then they are 
 the 'cutest (that.is their own word), and they 
 are a precious sight too 'cute to disable the 
 beast that carries the grist to the mill. 
 JKeade, Never too late to mend, ch. xxiii. 
 
 CUTENESS, the quality indicated by 
 the preceding word. 
 
 "Who could have thought so innocent a face 
 could cover so much cuteness? Goldsmith, 
 Good-natured Man, II. i. 
 
 CUT-FINGERED. Cork shoes (q. v.^ 
 were fashionable ; "cut-fingered pumps," 
 whatever these may be, seem to have 
 been the reverse. It may mean pumps 
 the worse for wear, with a gash in them 
 here and there like a cut finger. 
 
 Tis as good to go in cut-fingered pumps as 
 cork shoes, if one wear Cornish diamonds on 
 his toes. Nashe, 1591 (Eng. Garner, i. 501). 
 
 CUT-THROATERY, murder. 
 
 To let my house before my lease be out is 
 eut-throatcry. Wily Beguiled (Ha whin's Ena. 
 Dr., iii. 300). 
 
 CUTTLE-BONG, a knife used for cutting 
 purses : or, perhaps, a knife carried in 
 the purse or girdle. Boung is a cant 
 term for purse. 
 
 [He] unsheathed his cuttle-bony, and from 
 the nape of the necke to the taile dismem- 
 bered him. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 172). 
 
 CUTTY PIPE, a short pipe. 
 
 I was whiling away my leisure hours with 
 the end of a cutty pipe. Scott, Introduction 
 to Count Robert of Paris. 
 
 That was the only smoke permitted during 
 the entertainment, George "Warrington him- 
 self not being allowed to use his cutty pipe. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xxiii. 
 
 CUT UP, grieved. 
 
 Poor fellow, he seems dreadfully cut up. 
 Hughes, Tom rown at Oxford, ch. xxxii. 
 
 CUT-WATER, the fore part of a ship's 
 prow. 
 
 One tree was sold for 43 ; eighteen horses 
 were had to draw one part of it when slit, 
 and out of it the cut-water to the Royal 
 Sovereign was made. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, ii. 196. 
 
 CYCLOP.EDY, circle of knowledge. 
 
 If respect be had to the severall arts there 
 professed, Sigeberfc founded schools in the 
 plurall ; but if regard be taken of the cy- 
 clopttdy of the learning resulting from those 
 severall sciences, he erected but one grand 
 school. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. ii. 56. 
 
 CYMBAL-DOCTORS, teachers givingf orth 
 an empty sound ; the allusion, of course, 
 is to 1 Cor. xiii. 1. 
 
 These petty glosses and concerts .... are 
 so weak and shallow, and so like the quibbles 
 of a court sermon, that we may safely reckon 
 them either fetched from such a pattern, or 
 that the hand of some household priest 
 foisted them in, lest the world should forget 
 how much he was a disciple of those cymbal- 
 doctors. Milton, Eikonoklastes, ch. viii. 
 
 CYPHER-TUNNELS. See quotation. 
 
 Peter-pence . . . was a penny paid for 
 every chimney that smoaked iu England, 
 which in that hospitall age had few smoak- 
 lesse ones; the device of cypher-tunnels, or 
 mock-chimneys merely for uniformity of 
 building, being unknown in those days. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. iii. 46. 
 
 CYULE, a sort of boat. 
 
 Who being embarqu'd in forty cyides or 
 pinnaces, and sailing about the Picts' coasts 
 . Holland's Camden, p. 128. 
 
 After that came three Sonnes of a Spanish 
 knight with thirtie ciules with them, and in 
 every ciule thirtie wives. Ibid. ii. 66.
 
 DAB 
 
 ( 169 ) DAMAGEMENT 
 
 DAB, a contemptuous term for a trifle. 
 See extract s. v. PUSHERY. 
 
 The Count may have procured for her 
 some dirty dab of a negotiation about some 
 acre of territory more for Hanover. Wai- 
 pole to Mann, ii. 53 (1745). 
 
 Cutting the leaves of a new dab called 
 Anecdotes of Polite Literature, I found my- 
 self abused for defending my father. Ibid., 
 Letters, ii. 337 (1762). 
 
 DAB, a pinafore. The word is in 
 Peacock's Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary (E. D. ). 
 
 Beckon with my washerwoman ; making 
 her allow for old shirts, socks, dabbs, and 
 markees, which she bought of me. Hue and 
 Cry after Dr. Swift, p. 9, 2nd ed. 1714. 
 
 DAB-WASH. See extract. 
 
 That great room itself was sure to have 
 clothes hanging to dry at the fire, whatever 
 day of the week it was ; some one of the 
 large irregular family having had what was 
 called in the district a dab-trash of a few 
 articles forgotten on the regular day. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. vi. 
 
 DACHA-SALTEE, a franc or tenpence, 
 from the Italian died soldi. Of. SALTEE 
 (slang). 
 
 What with my crippledom and thy piety, 
 a wheeling of thy poor old dad, we'll bleed 
 the bumpkins of a dacha-saltee. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. Iv. 
 
 DADDLE, hand (slang). 
 "Werry unexpected pleasure! tip us your 
 doddle. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. 21. 
 
 DAEMONIC, pertaining to a daemon. 
 
 He may even show sudden impulses which 
 have a false air of damonic strength, because 
 they seem inexplicable. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. xv. 
 
 D.EMONOCRACY, a rule of dasmons. 
 A demonocracy of unclean spirits 
 Hath governed long these synods of your 
 
 Church. Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, ii. 3. 
 
 DJEMONOLOGER, one skilled in dsemon- 
 ology. 
 
 If the Devil himself, black accuser as he 
 is, could, out of his infernal copia, have sup- 
 plied more livid defamation of a departed 
 prince than this, I am no damonoloyer. 
 North, Examen, p. 652. 
 
 DAGGER-CHEAP, dirt cheap. The 
 Dagger was a low ordinary in Holborn, 
 referred to by Ben Jonson and others ; 
 the fare was probably cheap and nasty. 
 See my note in N. and Q., V. iii. 395. 
 
 "We set our wares at a very easy price ; he 
 [the Devil] may buy us even daf/yer-cheap as 
 we say. Andrews, Sermons, v. 546. 
 
 DAGONALS, orgies in honour of Dagon. 
 
 A banquet worse than Job's children's, or 
 the Dayonals of the Philistines (like the 
 Bacchanals of the Msenades) when for the 
 shutting up of their stomachs, the house fell 
 down and broke their necks. Adams, i. 160. 
 
 DAINTIFICATION, dandyism. 
 
 He seems a mighty delicate gentleman ; 
 looks to be painted, and is all daintijlcation 
 in manner, speech, and dress. Mad. D'Ar- 
 blay, Diary, i. 327. 
 
 DAINTIFY, to make dainty ; to refine 
 away. 
 
 My father charges me to give you his 
 kindest love, and not to daintify his affection 
 into respects or compliments. Mad. D'Ar- 
 blay, Diary, i. 414. 
 
 DAINTIHOOD, nicety ; daintiness. 
 
 It is no little difficulty to keep pace with 
 her refinement, in order to avoid shocking 
 her by too obvious an inferiority in dainti- 
 hood and ton. Mad. D'Arblay, Diaru, i. 
 356. 
 
 DAINTY. To make dainty usually 
 means to scruple, or to be particular 
 (see N.), but here = to feast, or to pre- 
 pare a delicacy. 
 
 The Arcadians lived on acorns, the Argives 
 On apples . . . and Jacob here made dainty 
 of lentils. Adams, i. 5. 
 
 DAINTY -CHAPPED, particular as to 
 eating. 
 
 You dainty -chapped fellow, you ought to 
 be fed with hay, if you had such commons as 
 you deserve. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 42. 
 
 DAINTY-MOUTH, an epicure. 
 
 The word Cimbri no more signifieth a 
 thiefe than .... Sybarita a delicate dainty- 
 mouth. Holland's Camden, p. 10. 
 
 DAISY-CUTTER, a trotting horse. 
 
 The trot is the true pace for a hackney ; 
 and, were we near a town, I should like to 
 try that daisy-cutter of yours upon a piece 
 of level road (barring canter) for a quart of 
 claret at the next inn. Scott, Eob Roy, i. 44. 
 
 DAMAGEMENT, injury. 
 And the more base and brutish pleasures bee, 
 The more's the paine in their accomplish- 
 ment, 
 
 And the more vs'd they are excessiuely, 
 The more's the soule and bodie's damaye- 
 ment. Dames, Microcosmos, p. 44.
 
 DANCERS 
 
 ( 170 ) DARING-GLASS 
 
 DANCERS, stairs (slang or thieves' 
 cant). 
 
 Come, my Hebe, track the dancers, that is, 
 go up the stairs. Lytton, What will he do 
 with it ? Bk. III. ch. xvi. 
 
 DANCE UPON NOTHING, an euphemism 
 for hanging. 
 
 Just as the felon condemned to die, 
 
 With a very natural loathing, 
 Leaving the Sheriff to dream of ropes, 
 From his gloomy cell in a vision elopes, 
 To caper on sunny greens and slopes, 
 Instead of the dance upon nothing. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegy. 
 
 DANDIFIED, smart, like a dandy. 
 
 These two were at first more than usually 
 harsh and captious with Clive, whose pros- 
 perity offended them, and whose dandified 
 manners, free-and-easy ways, and evident 
 influence over the younger scholars, gave 
 umbrage to these elderly apprentices. 
 Thackeray, Neiocomes, ch. xviii. 
 
 DANEWEED, Eryngium campestre. 
 See H. s. v. Danes-blood, and L. s. v. 
 Danewart. 
 
 Everything hereabouts is attributed to the 
 Danes, because of the neighbouring Daventry, 
 which they suppose to have been built by 
 them. The road hereabouts too being over- 
 grown with Daneweed, they fansy it sprung 
 from the blood of the Danes slain in battle ; 
 and that if upon a certain day in the year 
 you cut it, it bleeds. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Brit., ii. 416. 
 
 DANGER. To make danger = to 
 hesitate. 
 
 I was commanded ... to swear that I 
 should truly answer unto such articles and 
 interrogatories as I should be by them ex- 
 amined upon. I made danger of it awhile at 
 first, but afterwards being persuaded by them 
 ... I promised to do as they would have me. 
 Dalaber, 1526 (Maitland on the Reformation, 
 p. 13). 
 
 DANGERFUL, dangerous. 
 They'll talk like learn'd astronomers, 
 Of living creatures m:ide of stars, 
 As Lion, Scorpion, Bear, and Bull, 
 And other things less dangerful. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. ii. p. 172. 
 
 DANGLEMENT, act of dangling. 
 
 It was an infaust and sinister augury for 
 Austin Caxton, the very appearance, the very 
 suspension and danylement of any puddings 
 whatsoever right over his ingle-nook, when 
 those puddings were made by the sleek 
 hands of Uncle Jack. Lytton. Caxtons, Bk. 
 VII. ch. i. 
 
 DAP. H. says, " a hop or turn ; hence 
 the habits of any one. West." The 
 
 original is. Sola viri molles aditus et 
 tempora noras. 
 
 His daps and sweetening good moods to 
 the soalye were opued. Stanyhurtt, 2En., 
 iv. 446. 
 
 DARBIES, handcuffs (slang). In the 
 first extract the reference is to a man 
 involved in difficulties by usurers, &c. 
 
 They tie the poore soule in such Darbies 
 bands. Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier, 
 1592 (Harl. Misc., v.405). 
 
 " Stay," cried he, " if he is an old hand, he 
 will twig the officer." " Oh, I'm dark, Sir," 
 was the answer : " he won't know me till I 
 put the darbies on him." Reade, Never too 
 late to mend, ch. i. 
 
 DARBYSHIRIAN. H. gives darby = 
 ready money, and the passage seems to 
 admit of some such interpretation, but 
 it is obscure. Hall describes himself 
 as asked to a feast, and accepting at 
 once, for if he had shown the least 
 reluctance, his host would have been 
 glad to excuse him. He counsels men 
 therefore to take immediately whatever 
 is offered. But though I suppose this 
 to be the general sense of the passage, 
 I cannot interpret it word by word. I 
 give it as in Mr. Singer's edition, punc- 
 tuation and all, though that can hardly 
 be right ; in the notes it is passed over 
 sicco pede, after the manner of many 
 commentators where the text is really 
 difficult. 
 
 Two words for money, Darbyshirian icise ; 
 (That's one too many) is a naughty guise. 
 
 Hall, Sat. III. iii. 11. 
 
 DARDANIUM, a bracelet. The wealth 
 of the Dardani or Trojans struck the 
 simpler Greeks with wonder ; hence 
 Dardanian became an epithet of gold, 
 and so a golden ornament is called 
 Dardanium. 
 
 A golden ring that shines upon thy thumb, 
 About thy wrist the rich Dardanium. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 28. 
 
 DAREDEVIL, a bold, reckless man. L. 
 gives it as substantive and adjective, 
 but has only example of the latter. 
 I deem myself a daredevil in rhymes. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 189. 
 I know a set of exiles over there, 
 Dare-devils, that would eat fire and spit it out 
 At Philip's beard. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, III. i. 
 
 DARING-GLASS. Larks were dared or 
 fascinated in various ways (see N. s. v. 
 dare) ; one mode was by mirrors which,
 
 DARKLE 
 
 DAVY'S SOW 
 
 I suppose, dazzled and confused them, 
 making it easy to capture them. 
 
 New notions and expressions . . are many 
 times . . the daring-glasses or decoy es to 
 bring men into the snares of their dangerous 
 or damnable doctrines. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 197. 
 
 DARKLE, to grow dark. 
 
 " I am inclined to think, sir," says he, his 
 honest brows darkling as he looked towards 
 me, " that you too are spoiled by this wicked 
 world." Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. Ixvi. 
 
 The chapel is lighted, and Founder's Tomb 
 with its grotesque carvings, monsters, her- 
 aldries, darkles and shines with the most 
 wonderful shadows and lights. Ibid., ch. 
 Ixxv. 
 
 DARKLINGS, in the dark ; usually, 
 darkling ; it may be that the word is, 
 in the extract, in apposition with serv- 
 ants and = people in the dark. 
 
 Thou wouldest fain persuade me to do like 
 some idle wanton servants, who play and 
 talk out their candle-light, and then go dark- 
 lings to bed. Bp. Hall, Works, vii. 344. 
 
 DARN, a euphemism for damn. 
 
 " My boy," said another, " was lost in a 
 typhoon in the China sea ; darn they lousy 
 typhoons." H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. vi. 
 
 DARTLE, to dart a frequentative 
 form. 
 
 All that I know 
 
 Of a certain star 
 Is, it can throw 
 
 (Like the angled spar) 
 Now a dart of red, 
 
 Now a dart of blue ; 
 Till my friends have said 
 
 They would fain see too 
 My star that dartles the red and the blue. 
 Br&wning, My Star. 
 
 DARTMAN, javelin-thrower. 
 "Without an aim the dartman darts his spear, 
 And chance performs th' eff ect of valour there. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 304. 
 
 DASHER, one who is extravagant, os- 
 tentatious, or fast. 
 
 She was astonished to find in high life a 
 degree of vulgarity of which her country 
 companions would have been ashamed ; but 
 all such things in high life go under the 
 general term dashing. These young ladies 
 were dashers. Alas ! perhaps foreigners and 
 future generations may not know the mean- 
 in'g of the term. Miss Edgeicorth, Almeria, 
 p. 292. 
 
 A club 
 
 Yclept Four-horse is now the rage, 
 And fam'd for whims in equipage. 
 Dashers ! who once a month assemble, 
 Make creditors and coachmen tremble ; 
 
 And dress'd in colours vastly fine, 
 Drive to some public-house to dine. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. 18. 
 
 DASTARDICE, cowardice. 
 
 I was upbraided with ingratitude, dastard- 
 ice, and all my difficulties with my angel 
 charged upon myself, for want of following 
 my blows. Richardson, Cl. Harlotce, vi. 49. 
 
 DATARY, chronologer. 
 
 Die quinto Elphegi. I am not datary 
 enough to understand this. I know Elphegus 
 to be Archbishop of Canterbury, and Martyr, 
 and his day kept the nineteenth of April. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. iv. 8. 
 
 DAUGHTERLING, little daughter. 
 
 What am I to do with this daughter or 
 dauyhterling of mine ? She neither grows in 
 wisdom nor in stature. Miss Bronte, Villette, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 DAUK, Hindustani dak, a post for 
 letters, also a relay of horses or palan- 
 quin bearers. The telegraph is called 
 tar dak or wire post. 
 
 After the sea voyage there isn't much 
 above 1000 miles to come by dauk. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xliv. 
 
 DAUKIN, a fool ; diminutive, perhaps, 
 of daw, and coined by Calf hill to rhyme 
 with Maukin. 
 
 If mother Maukin had been such a daukin 
 as to think every minister to be a minstrel, 
 as you do every mystery to be a sacrament, 
 then Martiall and Maukin, a dolt with a 
 daukin, might marry together. Calf hill, p. 
 236. 
 
 DAUNTINGNESSE, fear. 
 
 Claudius .... foresends Publius Ostorius 
 Scapula, a great warrior, pro-praetor into 
 Brittaine, where he met with many tur- 
 bulencies, and a people hardly to be driuen, 
 howsoeuer they might be led ; yet as one 
 who well knew his mestier, and how the first 
 euents are those which incusse a daungting- 
 nesse or daring, imployed all means to make 
 his expeditions sodaine, and his executions 
 cruell. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 4. 
 
 DAVY'S sow. David Lloyd, a Welsh- 
 man, had a sow with six legs ; on one 
 occasion he brought some friends and 
 asked them whether they had ever seen 
 a sow like that, not knowing that in his 
 absence his drunken wife had turned 
 out the animal, and gone to lie down in 
 the sty. One of the party observed 
 that it was the drunkest sow he had 
 ever beheld. The proverb in the second 
 quotation is a gratuitous addition of 
 Bailey's ; the original simply has temu- 
 lentus.
 
 DAVY JONES ( 172 ) 
 
 DEAD 
 
 He came to us as drunk as Davy's soir. 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 
 When he comes home, after I have been 
 waiting for him till I do not know what time 
 at night, as drunk as David's soic, he does 
 nothing but lie snoring all night long by my 
 side. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 127. 
 
 DAVY JONES. To go to Davy Jones 
 or his locker is nautical English for to 
 die or perish. It has been ingeniously 
 conjectured that the sea, which is so 
 often the sailor's cemetery, was called 
 Jonah's locker (Jonah ii. 5, 6), that the 
 prophet's name was corrupted into 
 Jones, and Davy prefixed as being a 
 common name in Wales (N. and Q., I. 
 iii. 509). 
 
 I have a consort off these islands, and be 
 cursed to her. She'll find me out some- 
 where, though she parted company in the 
 bit of a squall, unless she is gone to Davy 
 Jones too. Scott, Pirate, ch. viii. 
 
 You thought, I suppose, I had gone to 
 Davy's locker. . . I read the account of the 
 shipwreck of the Dauntless. Miss Ferrier, 
 The InJieritance, Vol. III. ch. xix. 
 
 Even in the appellations given him [the 
 Devil] by familiar or vulgar irreverence, the 
 same pregnant initial prevails, he is the 
 Deuce, and Old Davy, and Davy Jones. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. clxxv. 
 
 DAWBING. See extract. 
 
 At this period [16th cent.] the ancient 
 process of forming walls by means of in- 
 durated earth was still extensively employed ; 
 in the eastern counties this was called dawb- 
 ing, and the term is still retained in Norfolk 
 and Suffolk. ArcJueol. xxx. 495 (1844). 
 
 DAWN LIGHT, morning light. 
 
 The return of the beautiful dairn light, 
 whom the powers of darkness had borne 
 away. Cox, Aryan Mythology, ii. 5. 
 
 DAY, credit ; a distant day being fixed 
 for payment. Gascoigne reckons it 
 among the signs of the Millennium. 
 When drapers draw no gaines by giuing day. 
 Steele Glas., p. 50. 
 
 Faith then I'll pray you 'cause he is my 
 
 neighbour, 
 
 To take a hundred pound, and give him day. 
 Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 1. 
 
 If a mean man . . . have something to 
 sell to his necessitous neighbour that must 
 buy upon day ... it is scarce credible, did 
 not every day's experience make proof of it, 
 how such a man will skrew up the poor man 
 that falleth into his hands. Sanderson, ii. 
 354. 
 
 DAY-FEVER. The sweating sickness 
 was, I suppose, so called from the short 
 
 time of its duration : it was mortal in a 
 few hours. 
 
 Fracastorius also writing how that pestilent 
 day-fever in Britaine, which we commonly 
 call the British or English swet, hapned by 
 occasion of the soile. Holland's Camden, p. 
 24. 
 
 DAY-LIGHTS, eyes (slang). 
 
 Good woman ! I do not use to be so 
 treated. If the lady says such another word 
 to me, d n me, I will darken her day- 
 lights. Fielding, Amelia, Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 DAY NET, a net for small birds : 
 another instance from Burton will be 
 found, p. 469. 
 
 As larks come down to a day net, many 
 vain readers will tarrie and stand gazing 
 like silly passengers, at an an tick picture in 
 a painter's shop, that will not look at a 
 judicious peece. Burton, Democ. to Reader, 
 p. 5. 
 
 Madam, I would not have you with the lark 
 Play yourself into a day net. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act II. 
 
 DAYSHINE, daylight. 
 
 Wherefore waits the madman there 
 Naked in open dayshine ? 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 DAY'S-MAN, usually an umpire, but 
 here a worker by the day. 
 
 He is a good day's-man, or journeyman, or 
 tasker, which is an excellent mystery of well- 
 living and redemption of time, a working 
 up our salvation in holiness and righteous- 
 ness all the days of our lif e. Ward, Sermons, 
 p. 105. 
 
 DAY-TALL, hired for the day ; work- 
 ing by the job. 
 
 Holla ! you chairman, here's sixpence ; do 
 step into that bookseller's shop, and call me 
 a day-tall critick. Sterne, Trist. Shand., iii. 
 143. 
 
 DEACON, minister. In the extract it 
 is used generally, not of the third order 
 of the ministry. 
 
 They whom God hath set apart to His 
 ministry are by Him endued with an ability 
 of prayer ; because their office is to pray for 
 others, and not to be the lip-working deacons 
 of other men's appointed words. Milton, 
 Apol.for Smectymnuus. 
 
 DEAD, a dead heat. 
 
 Mammon well follow'd, Cupid bravely led ; 
 Both touchers ; equal fortune makes a dead ; 
 No reed can measure where the conquest lies ; 
 Take my advice ; compound, and share the 
 
 prize. Quarles, Emblems, Epig. x. 
 
 DEAD, in a faint. 
 
 Sir J. Miunes fell sick at Church, and going
 
 DEAD-EYE 
 
 ( '73 ) 
 
 DEAR 
 
 down the gallery stairs, fell down dead, but 
 come to himself again, and is pretty well. 
 Pepys, Sept. 11, 1664. 
 
 Talking with my brother ... I looking 
 another way, heard him fall down, and turned 
 my head, and he was fallen down all along 
 upon the ground dead, which did put me into 
 a great fright ... he did presently come to 
 himself. Ibid. Feb. 7, 1666-67. 
 
 I presently fell dead on the floor, and it 
 was with great difficulty I was brought back 
 to life. Fielding, Amelia, Bk. I. ch. ix. 
 
 We there beheld the most shocking sight 
 in the world, Miss Bath lying dead on the 
 floor Miss Bath was at length re- 
 covered, and placed in her chair. Ibid., Bk. 
 III. ch. ix. 
 
 DEAD-EYE, " A round flattish wooden 
 block, encircled by a rope or an iron 
 band, and pierced with holes, to receive 
 the laniard, . . used to extend the 
 shrouds and stays, and for other pur- 
 poses " (Imp. Diet.) : but in the extract 
 it seems to be put for dead-light. 
 So I lay and wondered why light 
 Came not, and watched the twilight, 
 And the glimmer of the sky-light 
 
 That shot across the deck ; 
 And the binnacle pale and steady, 
 And the dull glimpse of the dead-eye, 
 And the sparks in fiery eddy 
 
 That whirled from the chimney neck. 
 
 Thackeray, The White Squall. 
 
 DEAD LIFE, the memory of one that 
 is dead : so in some parts of England 
 the dead year of a person = the year 
 following his decease. 
 
 The king .... was slain upon the tomb 
 of their two true servants, which they caused 
 to be made for them with royal expenses and 
 notable workmanship, to preserve their dead 
 lives. Sidney, Arcadia, Bk. II. p. 130. 
 
 DEAD-LIGHTS, strong wooden ports 
 made to fit the cabin windows in a 
 ship, so as to keep out the waves in a 
 storm. 
 
 The timbers are straining, and folks are com- 
 plaining, 
 The dead-lights are letting the spray and the 
 
 rain in. 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Brothers of Birchington). 
 
 DEAD MEN. See extract. 
 
 Lord Sm. Coine, John, bring us a fresh 
 bottle. 
 
 Col. Ay, my lord, and pray let him carry 
 off the dead men, as we say in the army 
 (meaning the empty bottles). Sirift, Polite 
 Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 DEADS. See extract. 
 
 I got into a great furze-croft, full of deads 
 (those are the earth-heaps they throw out of 
 the shafts) where no man in his senses dare 
 
 go forward or back in the dark, for fear of 
 the shafts. C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. xiii. 
 
 DEADY, a slang name for gin. Jon 
 Bee's Slang Diet. 1823, says, " so called 
 after the rectifier's name in reality 
 without slangery. Deady is dead now, 
 and this word must be transferred to 
 our addenda in the next edition " [where 
 obsolete slang is placed]. Southey, 
 however, seems to mean beer by the 
 word in the following 
 
 Some of the whole-hoggery in the House 
 of Commons he would designate by Deady, 
 or Wet and Heavy ; some by weak tea, 
 others by Blue-Ruin. Southey, The Doctor, 
 Interchapter xvi. 
 
 DEAF (applied to nuts), without a 
 kernel. 
 
 These inward dispositions are as the kernel ; 
 outward acts are as the shell ; he is but a 
 deaf nut therefore, that hath outward service 
 without inward fear. Up. Hall, Works,\. 81. 
 
 Every day, it seems, was separately a blank 
 day, yielding absolutely nothing what chil- 
 dren call a deaf nut, offering no kernel. 
 De Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 91. 
 
 DEAF AS A DOOR, stone-deaf: we 
 usually say, deaf as a post. 
 
 He is as deafe as a doore ; I must tell him a 
 tale in his eare, that all the towne must be 
 privie to, or else hee can not heare mee. 
 Breton, Miseries of Mavillia, p. 49. 
 
 DEAL. See N., s. v. dele-wine, who 
 says, " Said to be a species of Rhenish ; 
 certainly a foreign wine, but I know 
 not whence named, unless it was im- 
 ported at Deal, and then it should be 
 spelt accordingly. But Ben Jonson, 
 who was a correct man, spelt it Dele." 
 But Shirley, quoted by N., spells it Deal. 
 So does Adams. " Dutch " in the ex- 
 tract of course = German. 
 
 He . . . calls for wine that he may make 
 known his rare vessel of deal at home ; not 
 forgetting to [tell ?] you that a Dutch mer- 
 chant sent it him for some extraordinary 
 desert. Adams, i. 500. 
 
 DEAN, deacon. 
 Eke praye (my Priests) for them and for 
 
 yourselues, 
 For Bishops, Prelats, Archdeans, deans, and 
 
 priests, 
 
 And al that preach or otherwise professe 
 God's holy word, and take the cure of soules. 
 Gascoigne, Steele Glas, p. 76. 
 
 DEAR, to endear. 
 
 Nor should a Sonne his Sire loue for reward, 
 But for he is his Sire, in nature dear'd. 
 
 Dames, Microcosmos, p. 64.
 
 DEATH 
 
 DECANTATE 
 
 DEATH AND THE COBBLER ; in the 
 original nuptice Mortis ciim Morte. 
 
 Pe. Whence is our Gabriel come with this 
 sour look ? What, is he come out of Tro- 
 phonius's cave ? 
 
 Ga. No, I have been at a weddiug. 
 
 Pe. "What wedding is it that you have 
 been at ? I believe at the wedding of Death 
 and the Cobbler. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 316. 
 
 DEATHINESS, an atmosphere of death. 
 Look ! it burns clear ; but with the air around 
 Its dead ingredients mingle deathiness. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. V. 
 
 DEATHLING, applied by Sylvester to 
 Adam and Eve, as subject to death ; 
 in Swift deathlings = children of Death 
 personified. 
 
 Alas fond death-linys ! O behold how cleer 
 The knowledge is that you have bought so 
 deer. Sylvester, The Imposture, p. 375. 
 The int'rest of his readme had need 
 That Death should get a num'rous breed ; 
 Young deathlings, who by practice made 
 Proficients in their father's trade, 
 With colonies might stock around 
 His large dominions underground. 
 
 Swiift, Death and Daphne. 
 
 DEATHY, pertaining to death. 
 The cheeks were deathy dark, 
 Dark the dead skin upon the hairless skull. 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. II. 
 
 DEAURATE, golden. 
 
 Of so eye-bewitching a deaurate ruddie dy 
 is the skin-coat of this landtgrave. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stiiffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 164). 
 
 DEAVE, to deafen, stun, or bewilder. 
 
 Indeed we were deaved about the affa- 
 bility of old crabbit Bodle of Bodletone- 
 brae, and his sister Miss Jenny, when they 
 favoured us with their company at the first 
 inspection ball. Gait, The Provost, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 '* You know my name ; how is that ? " 
 " White magic ; I am a witch . . . foolish 
 boy, was it not cried at the gate loud enough 
 to deave one." Reade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 DEBARRASS, to rid ; disembarrass. 
 
 But though we could not seize his person, 
 said the captain, we have debarrassed ourselves 
 tout a fait from his pursuit. Mad. TfArllay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. VII. ch. v. 
 
 I was debarrassed of interruption ; my 
 half-effaced thought instantly revived. C. 
 Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. x. 
 
 Clement had time to debarass himself of 
 his boots and his hat before the light streamed 
 in upon him. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. Ixxxiv. 
 
 DEBARKMENT, disembarkation. 
 Our troops ought not to have shut them- 
 selves up in the Goleta, but have met the 
 
 enemy in the open field at the place of de- 
 barkment. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. 
 IV. ch. xii. 
 
 DEBATE, to fall off, to abate. 
 
 Artes are not bothe begunne and perfected 
 at once, but are increased by time and studie, 
 which notwithstanding when they are at the 
 full perfection doo debate and decrease agaiue. 
 Webbe, Eng. Poetrie, p. 94. 
 
 DEBADCHNESS, dissipation ; riotous 
 living. R. has debaucliedness and de- 
 bauchtness. 
 
 Those are commonly least patient of Phy- 
 sitians or Chirurgeons hands, who need them 
 most, cryiug out of other men's severities ; 
 which are occasioned, yea, necessitated, by 
 their own debauchnesse and distempers. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 390. 
 
 DEBELLATION, a putting a stop to 
 war. B. and L. have the word with 
 the same quotation from Sir T. More, 
 where it signifies, conquest. 
 
 Here is a two-fold army, one marching 
 against another, seditio et sedatio ; an insur- 
 rection and a debellation; a tumult and its 
 appeasement. Adams, iii. 281. 
 
 DEBORDMENT, excess (Fr. deborder). 
 
 They have almost made this Church an 
 Augean stable, so that it is an Herculean 
 work to cleanse it of all those debordments 
 and defilements fain upon Christian Reli- 
 gion. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 214. 
 
 DEBOSHMENT, excess ; debauchedness. 
 
 An ordinarie honest fellow is one whom it 
 concernes to be call'd honest, for if he were 
 not this he were nothing ; and yet he is not 
 this neither ; but a good dull vicious fellow 
 that complyes well with the deboshments of 
 the time, and is fit for it. Earle, Microcos- 
 moyraphie, No. 77. 
 
 It is an otter whom I remember to have 
 transmuted from a mariner or seaman for 
 his deboshments here ; and I observe there 
 are no people so given to excesses as seamen 
 when they come ashore. Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 5. 
 
 DEBOUCHE, to turn out of. 
 
 We sat and watched them debouche from 
 the forest into the broad river meadows. 
 H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xviii. 
 
 DEBT-BIND, to oblige. 
 Behold Camillus, he that erst reviv'd 
 The state of Eome, that dying he did find, 
 Of his own state is now, alas, depriv'd, 
 Banish'd by them whom he did thus debt-bind. 
 Sackville, Duke of Buckingham, st. 43. 
 
 DECANTATE, to chant, or sing out. 
 
 If every one of us, as Virgil saith, had an 
 hundred tongues and an hundred mouths, 
 yet were we not able sufficiently to decantate, 
 sing, and set forth His praises. Becon, i. 182.
 
 DEC A Y 
 
 ( '75 ) 
 
 DEDALIAN 
 
 These men . . . impertinently decantatt 
 against the Ceremonies of the Church of Eng- 
 land. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 99. 
 
 DECAY, to slacken. 
 
 One giueth the start speedily, and perhaps 
 before he come half way to th' other goale, 
 decayeth his pace as a man weary and faint- 
 ing. Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 DECAYABLE, capable of decay. 
 
 "Were His strength decayable with time 
 there might be some hope in reluctation ; 
 but never did or shall man contest against 
 God without coming short home. Adams, 
 iii. 111. 
 
 DECEDE, to depart or secede. 
 
 Three things are essential to justifie the 
 English Reformation from the scandal of 
 schisme, to shew that they had, 1. just cause 
 for which, 2. true authority by which, 3. due 
 moderation in what they deceded from Eome. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. iii. 25. 
 
 DECEMBERLY, like December ; win- 
 terly. 
 
 The many bleak and decemberly nights 
 of a seven years widowhood. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, v. 208. 
 
 DECENTISH, fair. 
 Fair sir, you are welcome: do, pray, stop 
 
 and dine, 
 
 You'll take our potluck, and we've decentish 
 wine. 
 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Account 
 of a new play). 
 
 DECHBISTIANISE, to make unchristian, 
 to heathenise. 
 
 The next step in de-Christianising the poli- 
 tical life of nations is to establish national 
 education without Christianity. Disraeli, 
 Lothair, ch. Ixxxiv. 
 
 DECIDE, to cut off. The quotation 
 is from verses spoken by a child when 
 Queen Elizabeth visited Norwich, 1579 ; 
 in modern editions of Fuller it is printed 
 " divides." 
 
 Again, our seat denies us traffick here, 
 The sea too near decides us from the rest. 
 Fuller, Holy State, Bk. II. ch. xx. 
 
 DECIMAL, relating to tithes : decimal 
 arithmetic, is applied by Milton to the 
 reckoning of tithes by the clergy. 
 
 I see them still so loath to unlearn their 
 decimal arithmetic, and still grasp their tithes 
 as inseparable from a priest. Milton, Means 
 to remove Hirelings. 
 
 An offer was also made for regulating the 
 jurisdiction of Ecclesiastical Courts in causes 
 testamentary, decimal, and matrimonial. 
 Heylin, Hist, of Presbyterians, p. 469. 
 
 DECINEB, tithing man. 
 
 [This hath been spoken] to all from the 
 highest and greatest to the lowest and least 
 instrument of justice, from the governor of 
 the thousand to the centurion, from him to 
 the tithing man or deciner. Ward, Sermons, 
 p. 128. 
 
 DECIPHER, the character given of a 
 man ; that which shows what he is. 
 
 He was a Lord Chancellour of France, 
 whose decipher agrees exactly with this great 
 prelate, sometimes Lord Keeper of the Great 
 Seal. Bucket, Life of Williams, ii. 220. 
 
 DECLAIM, to cry down. 
 
 This banquet then . . . is at once declared 
 and declaimed, spoken of and forbidden. 
 Adams, i. 175. 
 
 DECLINATORY, a refusal, or evasion. 
 
 This matter came not to the judges to 
 give any opinion ; and if it had, they had a 
 declinatory of course, viz. that matters of 
 Parliament were too high for them. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 10. 
 
 DECONCOCT, to decompose, or separate. 
 
 I doubt not but since these Benedictines 
 have had their crudities deconcocted, and have 
 been drawn out into more slender threads of 
 subdivision. Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 267. 
 
 DECBESCENT, waning. 
 
 The good Queen, 
 
 Repentant of the word she made him swear, 
 And saddening in her childless castle, sent, 
 Between the increscent and decrescent moon, 
 Arms for her son, and loosed him from his 
 vow. Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 DECUMANE, tenth : the decumane 
 wave or billow = the tenth or largest 
 wave. 
 
 That same decumane wave that took us 
 fore and aft somewhat altered my pulse. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xxiii. 
 
 Out of a vain hope to make many little 
 skiffs and cock-boats in which to expose 
 themselves ... to be overwhelmed and quite 
 sunk by such decumane billowes as those 
 small vessels have no proportion to resist. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 30. 
 
 DECURRENCE, lapse ; running down. 
 
 The erratas which by long decurrence of 
 time, through many men's hands have befaln 
 it, are easily corrected. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 536. 
 
 DECURTATE, to shave. 
 
 Hee sends for his barber to depure, decur- 
 tate, and spunge him. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 144). 
 
 DEDALIAN, varied. See L., s. v. dedal. 
 
 From time to time in various sort 
 Dedalian Nature seems her to disport. 
 Sylvester, The Arke, 425.
 
 DEDECORATE ( 176 ) 
 
 DELIGNATE 
 
 DEDECORATE, to disgrace or disfigure. 
 "Why lett'st weake Wormes Thy head de- 
 decorate 
 
 With worthlesse briers, and flesh-trans- 
 piercing thornes ? 
 
 Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 13. 
 
 DEED-DOER, perpetrator. 
 
 rhe deed-doers Matrevers and Gourney . . . 
 durst not abide the triall. Daniel, Hist, of 
 Eng.,p. 185. 
 
 DEEDY, active or efficient. 
 
 In a messenger sent is required celerity, 
 sincerity, constancy ; that he be speedy, that 
 he be heedy, and, as we say, that he be 
 deedy. Adams, ii. 111. 
 
 Who praiseth a horse that feeds well, but 
 is not deedy for the race or travel, speed or 
 length ? Ward, Sermons, p. 165. 
 
 The appearance of the little sitting-room 
 as they entered was tranquillity itself ; Mrs. 
 Bates deprived of her usual employment, 
 slumbering on one side of the fire, Frank 
 Churchill at a table near her most deedily 
 occupied about her spectacles, and Jane Fair- 
 fax, standing with her back to them, intent 
 on her pianoforte. Miss Austen, Emma, vol. 
 II. ch. x. 
 
 DEEP-THOUGHTED, having deep 
 thoughts. 
 
 I am strong in the spirit deep-thovyhted, 
 clear-eyed. Mrs. Browning, Ehapsody of 
 Life's Progress. 
 
 DEFAMATOR, a slanderer. 
 
 We should keep in pay a brigade of hunters 
 to ferret our defamators, and to clear the 
 nation of this noxious vermin, as once we 
 did of wolves. Gentleman Instructed, p. 66. 
 
 DEFIANTNESS, defiance. 
 . He answered, not raising his voice, but 
 speaking with quick defutntness. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. Ixi. 
 
 DEFRAY, to pay : we only speak of 
 defraying expense or charges, and the 
 Diets, give no instance of any other 
 use. 
 
 Therefore (defraying the mariners with a 
 ring bestowed upon them) they took their 
 journey together. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 6. 
 
 Suddenly a dart (none knew to whose hand 
 the honour of it was due) did wound him in 
 the thigh, which he (doubtful to whom he 
 stood debtor) did pay back to many (an 
 extraordinary interest) ; with the death of 
 some one striving to defray every drop of 
 his blood. Ibid. p. 328. 
 
 The Queen had gained the thirds of all 
 Church Rents . . . upon condition of making 
 some allowance out of it to defray the minis- 
 ters. Heylin, Hist, of Presbyterians, p. 176. 
 
 DEGENERIZE, to degenerate. Sylves- 
 ter says that the idolatrous Israelites 
 
 Deyeneriz'd, decay'd, and withered quight. 
 The Vocation, 104. 
 
 DEGLUTINATE, to unstick. 
 See, see, my Soule (ah, harke how It doth 
 
 cracke!) 
 
 The Hand of Outrage that deglutinates 
 
 His Vesture, glu'd with gore-blood to His 
 
 backe. Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 16. 
 
 DEGREE, to advance step by step. 
 An example of this verb is given from 
 Heywood by R., who says it rests on 
 that authority. The subjoined passages 
 show that this is a mistake. 
 
 Thus is the soul's death degreed up. Sin 
 gathers strength by custom, and creeps like 
 some contagious disease in the body from 
 joint to joint. Adams, i. 230. 
 
 I will degree this noxious neutrality one 
 peg higher. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 189. 
 
 DEGUST, to taste. The Diets, quote 
 Bp. Hall for degustation. 
 
 A soupe au vin, madam, I will degi/.st, and 
 gratefully. Eeade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. ii. 
 
 DEJECTLY, dejectedly ; the adj. de- 
 ject is in N. 
 
 I rose dejectly, curtsied, and withdrew 
 without reply. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 ii. 237. 
 
 DEJERATION, protestation ; misprint 
 or error for dejuration (?). 
 
 Doubtless with many vows and tears and 
 dejerations he labours to clear his intentions 
 to her person. Bp. Hall, Works, ii. 258. 
 
 DELAYABLE, capable of delay, or of 
 being delayed. 
 
 Law thus divisible, debateable, and delay- 
 able, is become a greater grievance than all 
 that it was intended to redress. H. Brooke, 
 Fool of Quality, i. 250. 
 
 DELAYED, mixed ; alloyed. 
 
 Wine delayed with water, as we read in 
 Athenus, the Gaules called Dercoma. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 20. 
 
 The eye, for the upper halfe of it of a 
 darke browne, for the nether somewhat yel- 
 lowish, like delayed gold. Ibid. p. 476. 
 
 DELEGATORY, holding a delegated or 
 dependent position. 
 
 Some politique delegatory Scipio . . they 
 would single forth, if it might bee, whom 
 they might depose when they list, if he 
 should begin to tyranize. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 1-70). 
 
 DELIGNATE, to deprive of wood. 
 
 It moves me much, his accusation of covet- 
 ousness, dilapidating, or rather delitjnating 
 his bishoprick, cutting down the woods 
 thereof, for which he fell into the Queen's 
 displeasure. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. iii. 34.
 
 DELINE 
 
 ( 177 ) DENDRA'NTHOPOLOGY 
 
 DELINE, to mark out. 
 
 A certain plan had been delined out for a 
 farther proceeding to retrieve all with help 
 of the Parliament. North, Examen, p. 523. 
 
 DELITESCENCY, retirement. 
 
 1669 and 1670 I sold all my estate in 
 Wilts. From 1670 to this very day (I thank 
 God) I have enjoyed a happy delitescency. 
 Aubrey, Life, p. 13. 
 
 If I am asked further reasons for the con- 
 duct I have long observed, I can only resort 
 to the explanation supplied by a critic as 
 friendly as he is intelligent ; namely, that 
 the mental organization of the Novelist must 
 be characterized, to speak craniologically, by 
 an extraordinary development of the passion 
 for delitescency. Scott, General Pref. to 
 Waverley Novels, p. 26. 
 
 DELUCE FLOWER, fleur de lis. 
 Kyng cuppe and lillies so beloude of all men, 
 And the deluce fowre. 
 Webbe, Eng. Poetrie, p. 84. 
 
 DEMAGOGICAL, factious ; exciting the 
 rabble. 
 
 There is a set of demagogical fellows who 
 keep calling out, " Farmer this is an oppress- 
 or, and Squire that is a vampyre." Lytton, 
 My Novel, Bk. XI. ch. ii. 
 
 DEMAGOGISM, the work of dema- 
 gogues ; stirring up the mob. 
 
 The last five years, moreover, have cer- 
 tainly been years of progress for the good 
 cause. The great drag upon it namely, 
 demegogiam has crumbled to pieces of its 
 own accord. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, Pre- 
 face (1854). 
 
 DEMANDATE, to delegate or com- 
 mission. Bp. Hall (Works, x. 186) 
 contends for a Bishop "exercising 
 spiritual jurisdiction out of his own 
 peculiarly demandated authority." 
 
 DE-MATERIALISATION, destruction or 
 evaporation of matter. 
 
 Miss Jemima's dowry . . . would suffice to 
 prevent that gradual process of dematerialisa- 
 tion which the lengthened diet upon min- 
 nows and sticklebacks had already made 
 apparent in the fine and slow-evanishing 
 form of the philosopher. Lytton, My Novel, 
 Bk. III. ch. xvii. 
 
 DEMILASS, a woman of doubtful 
 character (?) a demirep (?). 
 
 At this hole then this pair of demilasses 
 planted themselves. Jarvis's Don Quixote, 
 Pt. I. Bk. IV. ch. xvi. 
 
 DEMILUNE, a crescent. 
 
 It is an immense mass of stone of the 
 shape of a demilune, with a bar in the middle 
 of the concave. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 228. 
 
 These stately figures were planted in a 
 demilune about an huge fire. Ibid., Examen, 
 p. 578. 
 
 He laid his hand, as Drayton might have 
 said, on that stout bastion, horn-work, rave- 
 lin, or demilune which formed the outworks 
 to the citadel of his purple isle of man. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. viii. 
 
 DEMISE, to free. 
 
 The Atheniens he commaunded to be laied 
 fast in shaccles and fetters . . . but the The- 
 banes he demised and let go at their libertee. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 215. 
 
 DEMOCRITICAL. There were some 
 writings of Democritus on the lan- 
 guage of birds, &c. ; hence stories 
 connected with natural history that 
 were incredible were called Fabuloe 
 Democriticce. It is observable that 
 Bailey spells it with a small d. 
 
 Not to mention democritical stories, do we 
 not find by experience that there is a mighty 
 disagreement between an oak and an olive- 
 tree ? Bailey's Erasmus's Colloq., p. 394. 
 
 DEMOLITIONIST, demolishes 
 Lafayette has saved Vincennes, and is 
 marching homewards with some dozen of 
 arrested demolitionists. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. v. 
 
 DEMOUNT, fall down. 
 
 Beautiful invention ; mounting heaven- 
 ward so beautifully, so unguidably ! . . . Well 
 if it do not Pilatre-like explode, and demount 
 all the more tragically ! Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. I. Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 DEMURITY, demureness. L. has the 
 word, with extract from Charles Lamb, 
 but it had been used before. 
 
 They pretend to such demurity as to form 
 a society for the Regulation of Manners. 
 T. Brown, Works, ii. 182. 
 
 DEMY, a close-fitting garment. 
 
 He . . stript him out of his golden demy 
 or mandillion, and flead him. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 166X 
 
 DEMY-CANNON, a cannon of four 
 inches bore. 
 
 Presently does the demy-cannon and cul- 
 verin strive to drown that noise. J. Rey- 
 nard's Deliverance (Harl. Misc., i. 188). 
 
 DENDRANTHOPOLOGY, study based on 
 the theory that man had sprung from 
 trees. 
 
 Although the Doctor traced many of his 
 acquaintance to their prior allotments in the 
 vegetable creation, he did not discover such 
 symptoms in any of them as led him to infer 
 that the object of his speculations had existed 
 in the form of a tree. . . . He formed, there-
 
 DENE 
 
 ( 178 ) 
 
 DERAY 
 
 fore, no system of dendranthopoloyy. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. ccxv. 
 
 DENE, a sandy tract near the sea. 
 
 Mrs. Leigh . . went to the rocky knoll out- 
 side the churchyard wall, and watched the 
 ship glide out between the yellow denes, and 
 lessen slowly hour by hour into the bound- 
 less west. C. Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. xvi. 
 
 DENNING, place where beasts make 
 their lair. 
 
 Where God hath raised up zealous preach- 
 ers, in such towns this serpent hath no nest- 
 ling, no stabling, or denning. Ward, Ser- 
 mons, p. 158. 
 
 DENOUNCE, to proclaim (in a good 
 sense). Cf. Fr. accuser. 
 
 In Spaine, under the leading and name of 
 his sonue Coustans, whom of a Monk he had 
 denounced Augustus or Emperor, he warred 
 with fortunate successe. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 85. 
 
 DENOVEMENT, a revolution. 
 
 I intend now to present a denovement of 
 affairs, a new turn which happened upon 
 certain rectifications brought about in the 
 City of London in the year 1682. North, 
 Examen, p. 595. 
 
 DENTISTICAL, having to do with the 
 teeth or dentistry. 
 
 Even the crocodile likes to have his teeth 
 cleaned ; insects get into them, and, horribls 
 reptile though he be, he opens his jaws in- 
 offensively to a faithful dentistical bird, who 
 volunteers his beak for a toothpick. Lytton, 
 My Novel, Bk. IV. ch. i. 
 
 To know that he is always keeping a secret 
 from her ; that he has, under all circum- 
 stances, to conceal and hold fast a tender 
 double tooth, which her sharpness is ever 
 ready to twist out of his head, gives Mr. 
 Snagsby, in her dentistical presence, much of 
 the air of a dog who has a reservation from 
 his master. Dickens, Bleak House, ch. xxv. 
 
 DENUNCIANT, denouncing. 
 
 Of all which things a poor Legislative 
 Assembly and Patriot France is informed, 
 by denunc-iant friend, by triumphant foe. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 DEODATE, a gift from God. L. has the 
 word, with a quotation from Hooker, 
 but it means there a gift to God. 
 
 He observed that the Dr. was born of 
 New- Year's Day, and that it was then pre- 
 saged he would be a deodate, a fit new-year's 
 gift for God to bestow on the world. Letter 
 from H. Paman, 1653 (D'Oyly's Life of San- 
 croft, ch. ii.). 
 
 DEPABOCHIATE, to leave the parish. 
 The culture of our lands will sustain an 
 infinite injury if such a number of peasants 
 
 were to deparochiate. Foote, The Orators 
 Act I. 
 
 DEPORTATOR, one who carries away 
 or banishes others. 
 
 This island of ours, within these late days, 
 hath bred a great number of these field- 
 briers, . . . oppressors, euclosers, depopulat- 
 ors, deportators, depravators. Adams, ii. 481. 
 
 DEPOULSOUR, expeller. 
 
 Hercules was in olde time worshipped 
 vnder the name of a\i iKa.Ko?, that is, the 
 depoulsour and driuer awaye of all euills. 
 UdaCs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 130. 
 
 DEPRAVATE, to malign, disparage. 
 "Whereat the rest, in depth of scorne and 
 
 hate, 
 
 His Diuine Truth with taunts doe deprauate. 
 Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 7. 
 
 DEPRECATORY, deprecation. 
 
 There the author strutted like an Hector, 
 now he is passive, full of deprecatories and 
 apologetics. North, Examen, p. 343. 
 
 DEPRESSIVENESS, depression. 
 
 To all his ever- varying, ever - recurring 
 troubles, moreover, must be added this con- 
 tinual one of ill-health, and its concomitant 
 depressiveness. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 88. 
 
 DEPUTABLE, fit to be deputed. 
 
 All these fitted Baillie to be a leader in 
 General Assemblies and conclaves, a man 
 deputable to the London Parliament and 
 elsewhither. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 224. 
 
 DEPUTATION, authority to shoot game. 
 
 The squire declared if she would give 
 t'other bout of old Sir Simon, he would give 
 the game-keeper his deputation the next 
 morning. . . In the morning Sophia did not 
 fail to remind him of his engagement, and 
 his attorney was immediately sent for, and 
 ordered to stop any further proceedings in 
 the action, and to make out the deputation. 
 Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. IV. ch. v. 
 
 He . . had inquired about the manor; 
 would be glad of the deputation, certainly, 
 but made no great point of it ; said he some- 
 times took out a gun, but never killed. 
 Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. iii. 
 
 DEPUTIZE, to act as deputy. This 
 strange word appears in an advertise- 
 ment in the Church Times, April 18, 
 1879: "Organist. An amateur wishes 
 to deputize in return for practice." 
 
 DERANGEABLE, liable to derangement; 
 delicate. 
 
 The real impediment to making visits is 
 that derangeable health which belongs to old 
 age. Sydney Smith, Letters, 1843. 
 
 DERAY, disorder. See quotation *. v. 
 HIGH TIDE.
 
 DERBY 
 
 ( 179 ) DETESTAB1LITY 
 
 So amid glitter of illuminated streets and 
 Champs Elysees, and crackle of fireworks, 
 aud glad deray has the first National Assem- 
 bly vanished. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 DERBY. N. has Derby-ale, and says 
 that it seems to have been a popular 
 drink in the time of Elizabeth. It con- 
 tinued so long after. Tom Brown 
 repeatedly refers to it, often using 
 Derby or Darby by itself as a syno- 
 nym for ale. 
 
 Can't their Darby go down but with a 
 tune, nor their tobacco smoak without the 
 harmony of a Cremona fiddle ? Works, ii. 
 162. 
 
 DERISIONARY, derisive. There was a 
 club that ate a calf's head on January 
 30 in ridicule of the commemoration 
 of Charles I.'s death. This is spoken 
 of as "that derisionary festival" (T. 
 Broum, Works, ii. 215). 
 
 DERIVATE, derived. 
 
 Ye swear ! If peril of your lands or life 
 Should stand between, ye swear of life and 
 
 land 
 
 To take no count ; but putting trust in Him 
 From whom the rights of kings are derivate, 
 In its own blood to trample treason out. 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, i. 7. 
 
 DERN, a door or gate-post. 
 
 I just put my eye between the wall and 
 the dern of the gate, and I saw him come up 
 to the back-door. C. Kinysley, Westward 
 Ho, ch. xiv. 
 
 DERNIER, last ; as in many other 
 cases, this French word is used by 
 Nortli as though it were English. 
 
 After the dernier proof of him in this 
 manner ... he was dismissed. North, 
 Examen, p. 620. 
 
 DKROGANT, derogatory, disrespectful. 
 The other is both arrogant in man, and 
 deroyant to God. Adams, i. 12. 
 
 DEROGATE TO, derogate from. 
 
 All this fell into a harsh construction, 
 deroyati)ty much to the Archbishop's credit. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 218. 
 
 DERRICK, a piece of timber to sustain 
 a pulley for raising weights. 
 
 I chanced to see a year ago men at work 
 on the substructure of a house in Bowdoin 
 Square, in Boston, swinging a block of 
 granite of the size of the largest of the 
 Stonehenge columns with an ordinary der- 
 rick. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. xvi. 
 
 DESCENDENTALISM, lowering, depre- 
 ciation. 
 
 With all this Descendentalism, he continues 
 a Transcendentalism no less superlative ; 
 whereby if on the one hand he degrade 
 man below most animals, except those 
 jacketed Gouda cows, he on the other 
 exalts him beyond the visible heavens, al- 
 most to an equality with the gods. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 DESERVELESS, undeserving. 
 Like to a bride, come forth, my book, at last, 
 With all thy richest jewels overcast ; 
 Say, if there be 'mongst many gems here one 
 Deserveless of the name of Paragon. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 79. 
 
 DESIROUS, desirable. H. s. v. says, 
 " It sometimes seems to be used for 
 desirable," but gives no example. 
 
 So desirous were the terrible torments 
 unto Vincent, as a most pleasant banquet. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 586. 
 
 DESPICABILITY, despicableness. 
 
 Such courage we indeed esteem an exceed- 
 ing small matter, capable of co-existing 
 with a life full of falsehood, feebleness, pol- 
 troonery, and despicability . Carlyle, Misc., 
 iii. 94. 
 
 DESPOTIST, supporter of despotism. 
 
 I must become as thorough a despotist and 
 imperialist as Strafford himself. C. Kinysley 
 (Life, ii. 66). 
 
 DESPOTOCRACY, the rule of despots. 
 
 Despotocracy, the worst institution of the 
 middle ages the leprosy of society came 
 over the water; the slave survived the priest, 
 the noble the king. Theod. Parker, Works, 
 v. 262. 
 
 DESTATE, to divest of state or gran- 
 deur. 
 
 The king of eternal glory, to the world's 
 eye destatiny himself (though indeed not by 
 putting off what he had, but by putting on 
 what he had not) was cast down for us that 
 we might rise up by him. Adams, i. 430. 
 
 DETERGENCY, cleansing or purifying 
 power. 
 
 Bath water . . . possesses that milkiness, 
 deterc/ency, and middling heat, so friendly 
 adapted to weakened animal constitutions. 
 Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, ii. 290. 
 
 DETERMINATENESS, resolvedness. 
 
 His detwminateness and bis power seemed 
 to make allies unnecessary. Miss Austen, 
 Mansfield Park, ch. xiv. 
 
 DETEST ABILITY, odiotisness. 
 
 As young ladies are to mankind precisely 
 the most delightful in those years [19 25], 
 so young gentlemen do then attain their 
 maximum of detestalility. Carlyle, Sartor 
 Resartus, Bk. ii. ch. iv.
 
 DETESTANT 
 
 ( 180) 
 
 DEVILDOMS 
 
 DETESTANT, a detester. 
 
 The Prince and Buckingham were ever 
 Protestants ; those their opposites you know 
 not what to term them, unless detestants 
 of the Romish idolatry. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 121. 
 
 DETINY, detention, holding back what 
 is due. See L. s. v. detimie. 
 
 There are that will restore some, but not 
 all ; to this they have posse, but no velle ; let 
 the creditors be content with one of four. 
 But this little detiny is great iniquity. 
 Adams, i. 145. 
 
 DEVASTITATION, destruction, laying 
 waste. 
 
 "Wherefore followed a pitiful devastation 
 of Churches and church-buildings in all 
 parts of the realm. Heylin, Hist, of the 
 Presbyterians, p. 164. 
 
 DEVAUNT, to boast. The Prior of 
 Northampton in his surrender to Henry 
 VIII. confesses that he and his fellows 
 had done much 
 
 To the most notable slaunder of Christ's 
 holy evangely, which in the forme of our 
 professyon, we did ostentate and openly 
 devaunt to keep moost exactly. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., vi. p. 320. 
 
 DEVIATE, to turn out of the way, to 
 mislead. 
 
 A wise man ought not so much to give 
 the reins to human passions as to let them 
 deviate him from the right path. Cotton, 
 Montaigne, ch. xisv. 
 
 DEVIL, is much used as an expletive. 
 The devil he is ! is an exclamation of 
 surprise or alarm ; the devil of, or the 
 devil a bit = nothing, or not at all. 
 
 The Deuill of the one chare of good werke 
 they doen. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 132. 
 
 Mess. My lord, Musgrove is at hand. 
 
 K. James. Who ? Musgrove ? the devil he 
 is! Come, my horse ! Green, Geo.-A-Greene, 
 p. 257. 
 
 Why then, for fear, the devil a bit for love, 
 I'll tell you, sir. 
 
 Lord Digby, Elvira, iv. 1. 
 Within. Sir Giles, here's your niece. 
 HOT. My niece ! the devil she is ! 
 
 Love tall find out the way, Act IV. 
 
 We have an English expression, " The Devil 
 he doth it, the Devil he hath it," where the 
 addition of Devil amounteth only to a strong 
 denial, equivalent to, " He doth it not, he hath 
 it not." My opinion is, if the phrase took 
 not the original form, yet it is applyable to 
 our common and causeless accusing of Satan 
 with our own faults, charging him with 
 th > v .e temptations wherein we ourselves are 
 always chiefly, and sometimes solely, guilty. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Gloucestershire. 
 
 DEVIL. To play the devil. L. gives 
 this phrase, but no example. 
 Thus far, my lords, we trained have our camp 
 For to encounter haughty Arragon, 
 Who with a mighty power of straggling 
 
 mates 
 
 Hath traitorously assailed this our land, 
 And burning towns, and sacking cities fair, 
 Doth play the devil wheresome'er he comes. 
 Greene, Alphonsus, Act I. 
 
 Whether, sir, you did not state upon the 
 hustings, that it was your firm and deter- 
 mined intention to oppose everything pro- 
 posed, . . . and, in short, in your own memor- 
 able words, to play the very devil with 
 everything and everybody ? Dickens, Nicho- 
 las Nicklely, ch. xvi. 
 
 DEVIL. Scott, in a note to the first 
 extract, says, " The villanous character 
 given by history to the celebrated 
 Goodwin, Earl of Kent, in the time of 
 Edward the Confessor, occasioned this 
 proverb." Great of course = intimate. 
 
 I was well satisfy'd, gave him his sword, 
 and we became as great friends as the Devil 
 and the Earl of Kent.T. Brown. Works, ii. 
 194. 
 
 Lady Sm. Miss, I hear that you and Lady 
 Couplers are as great as cup and can. 
 
 Lady Ans. Ay, as great as the Devil and 
 the Earl of Kent. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. iii.). 
 
 DEVIL. When the devil is blind = 
 never. 
 
 They will bring it [abolition of beggars] 
 when the devil is blind (id fiet ad Calendas 
 Grcecas). Bailey's Erasmus, p. 216. 
 
 Nev. I'll make you a fine present one of 
 these days. 
 
 Jfiss. Ay, when the Devil is blind, and his 
 eyes are not sore yet. 
 
 Nev. No, Miss, I'll send it you to-morrow. 
 
 Miss. Well, well, to-morrow's a new day, 
 but I suppose you mean to-morrow come 
 never. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 DEVIL AND NINE-PENCE. See extract. 
 The devil and nine-pence go with her, that's 
 money and company, according to the laud- 
 able adage of the sage mobility. T. Jirmcn, 
 Works, iii. 245. 
 
 DEVIL-DODGER, a ranting preacher. 
 
 These devil-dodgers happened to be so very 
 powerful (that is, noisy) that they soon sent 
 John home, crying out, he should be damn'd. 
 Life of J. Lackinyton, Letter vi. 
 
 DEVILDOMS, dealings with the devil. 
 
 I'll defy you to name us a man half so 
 famous 
 
 For devildoms Sir, it's the great Nostra- 
 damus. 
 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Lord of Thoulouse).
 
 DE VI LESS 
 
 DEVILTRY 
 
 DEVILESS, she devil. 
 
 There was not angel, man, devil, nor 
 deviless upon the place. Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. III. ch. xxvii. 
 
 Though we should abominate each other 
 ten times worse than so many devils and 
 devilesses, we should nevertheless, my dear 
 creatures, be all courtesy and kindness. 
 Sterne, Tr. Shandy, ii. 188. 
 
 DEVILET, imp ; little devil. 
 And pray now what were these deviled call'd? 
 These three little fiends so gay ? 
 
 Inc/oldsby Legends (The Truants). 
 
 DEVILKIN, little devil. 
 
 No wonder that a Beelzebub has his devil- 
 kins to attend his call. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, vi. 14. 
 
 Blue Artillery men, little pow&er-devilkins, 
 plying their hell-trade there through the uot 
 ambrosial night. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. IV. ch. v. 
 
 DEVIL LOOKING OVER LINCOLN. See 
 quotation from Fuller, the first part of 
 which is from the Oxfordshire Proverbs, 
 and the latter, beginning " The Devil 
 is the map," &c., from those of Lin- 
 colnshire. 
 Than wold ye looke ouer me with stomoke 
 
 swolne 
 Like as the diuel lookt ouer Lincolne. 
 
 Heywood, Dial., Pt. II. ch. ix. 
 (Spenser Soc., p. 75). 
 
 Some filch the original of this proverb 
 from a stone picture of the Devil, which 
 doth (or lately did) overlook Lincoln College. 
 Surely the architect intended it no further 
 than for an ordinary autick, though behold- 
 ers have since applied those ugly looks to 
 envious persons, repining at the prosperity 
 of their neighbours, and jealous to be over- 
 topt by their vicinity. . . It is conceived of 
 more antiquity than the fore - mentioned 
 College, though the secondary sense thereof 
 lighted not unhappily, and that it related 
 originally to the Cathedral Church in Lin- 
 coln. . . . The Devil is the map of malice, 
 and his envy (as God's mercy) is over all his 
 works. It grieves him whatever is given to 
 God, crying out with that flesh devil, Ut quid 
 h(ec perditio ? what needs this waste ? On 
 which account he is supposed to have over- 
 looked this church when first finished with a 
 torve and tetrick countenance, as maligning 
 men's costly devotion. Fuller, Worthies. 
 Heathcote himself, and such large-acred men, 
 Lords of fat Ev'sham, or of Lincoln fen, 
 Buy every stick of wood that lends them 
 
 heat, 
 
 Buy every pullet they afford to eat ; 
 Yet these are wights who fondly call their 
 
 own 
 Half that the Devil overlooks from Lincoln 
 
 town. 
 
 Pope, Imit. of Horace, Epist. II. ii. 246. 
 
 Lord Sp. Has your ladyship seen the 
 dutchess since your falling out? 
 
 Lady Sin. Never, my lord, but orice at a 
 visit ; and she looked at me as the Devil 
 look'd over Lincoln. Swift, Polite Conversa- 
 tion (Conv. i.). 
 
 DEVIL-MAY-CARE, reckless. Lord Lyt- 
 ton always writes it devil - me - care, 
 which comes to the same meaning by a 
 different road. 
 
 Toby Crackit, seeming to abandon as 
 hopeless any further effort to maintain his 
 usual devil - may - care swagger, turned to 
 Chitling and said, ""When was Fagin took 
 then ? "Dickens, Oliver Tun'st, ch. 1. 
 
 He had blue eyes, a blonde peruke, a care- 
 less profligate smile, and looked altogether 
 as devil-me-care, rakehelly, handsome, good- 
 for-nought as ever swore at a drawer. 
 Lytton, What will he do irith it? Bk. II. 
 ch. ii. 
 
 DEVIL'S BOOKS, cards. Bailey, in his 
 translation of Erasmus's Colloquies, p. 
 181, calls dice "the devil's bones." 
 There is no corresponding expression 
 in the original. 
 
 The ladies there must needs be rooks, 
 For cards we know are Pluto's books. 
 
 Swift, Death and Daphne. 
 The ladies and Tom Gosling were propos- 
 ing a party at quadrille, but he refused to 
 make one. Damn your cards, said he. they 
 are the Devil's books. Ibid., Polite Conversa- 
 tion (Conv. iii.). 
 
 DEVIL'S DUST. The teazing machine 
 through which cotton or wool is passed 
 to prepare it for carding is called a 
 devil. The refuse thus torn out is 
 worked sometimes into cheap cloth, 
 hence called devil's dust. 
 
 Does it beseem thee to weave cloth of 
 devil's dust instead of true wool, and cut and 
 sew it as if thou wert not a tailor, but the 
 fraction of a very tailor ? Carlyle, Misc., iv. 
 239. 
 
 DEVIL'S COACH-HORSE. Mr. Black- 
 more (note in loc.) says, ''The cock- 
 tailed beetle has earned this name in 
 England." H. has " Devil's cow, a kind 
 of beetle (Somerset)." 
 
 As this atrocious tale of his turned up 
 joint by joint before her, like a devil's coach- 
 horse, mother was too much amazed to do 
 any more than look at him, as if the earth 
 must open. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. iv. 
 
 DEVILTRY, diabolical act ; devilry, 
 which is the more usual form. 
 
 The rustics beholding crossed themselves 
 and suspected deviltries. Reade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. xcv.
 
 DEVIL UPON DUN ( 182 ) 
 
 DEWLE 
 
 DEVIL UPON DUN, an expression signi- 
 fying that matters are worse and worse. 
 Dun was a common name for a horse ; 
 hence the devil on horseback = the 
 devil or mischief with increased powers 
 of activity. The phrase in the extract 
 is one of Urquhart's many enlargements 
 on the original. 
 
 Poor Panurge began to cry and howl worse 
 than ever. " Babillebabou," said he, shrug- 
 ging up his shoulders, quivering all over with 
 fear, " there will be the devil upon dun. This 
 is a worse business than that the other day." 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xxxiii. 
 
 DEVISE, to imagine, suppose. 
 
 He deviseth first that this Brutus 
 
 was a Consul of Rome. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 8. 
 
 DEVITATION, a warning off ; the oppo- 
 site of invitation. 
 
 If there be any here that . . . will venture 
 himself a guest at the devil's banquet, 
 maugre all deviation, let him stay and hear 
 the reckoning. Adams, i. 177. 
 
 DEVOCATE, to call away from, and so, 
 to rob. 
 
 The Commons of you doo complain, 
 From them you devocate. 
 
 Preston, K. C'ambises (Hawkins, 
 Eng. Dr., i. 269). 
 
 DEVONSHIRE, To Devonshire land. 
 See extract. 
 
 To Devonshire land is to pare off the sur- 
 face or top-turffe thereof, then lay it together 
 in heaps and burn it, which ashes are a 
 marvailous improvement to battle barren 
 ground . . . An husbandry which, wherever 
 used, retains the name of the place where it 
 was first invented, it being usual to Devon- 
 shire land in Dorsetshire, and in other 
 counties. Fuller, Worthies, Devon (i. 273). 
 
 DEVOTERER, adulterer. In some edi- 
 tions of Becon advouterer is the word 
 used. 
 
 He that breaketh wedlock with his neigh- 
 bour's wife let him be slain, both the devoterer 
 and the advouteress. Becon, i. 450. 
 
 DEVOTIONAIR, a devotee. 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice Hales, a profound 
 common lawyer, and both devotionair and 
 moralist, affected natural philosophy. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 264. 
 
 DEVOTIONALS, forms of devotion. 
 
 Nor have they had either more cause for, 
 or better success in, their disputing* against 
 the devotionals of the Church of England. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 87. 
 
 DEVOTIONS, objects of devotion. Cf. 
 Acts xvii. 23, "As I passed by- and 
 
 beheld your devotions" (atpdnfiara) (see 
 Trench on Auth. Ver. of N. T., p. 41). 
 Dametas began to speak his loud voice, to 
 look big, . . . swearing by no mean devotions 
 that the walls should not keep the coward 
 from him. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 277. 
 
 DEVOUR, to overcome : a Gallicism. 
 So perhaps the phrase devour distance 
 to make little of it ; to be intrusive 
 or familiar. 
 
 He that setteth forth for the goal, if he 
 will obtain, must resolve to devour all diffi- 
 culties, and to run it out. Sanderson, i. 413. 
 
 Wat was woundly angry with Sir John 
 Newton, Knight (Sword-bearer to the King 
 then in presence), for devouring his distance, 
 and not making his approaches mannerly 
 enough unto him. Fuller, Worthies, Suffolk 
 (ii. 346). 
 
 DEVOUT. L. has this as meaning 
 devotee ; here, however, it signifies 
 devotion. 
 
 This is the substance of his first section 
 till we come to the devout of it, modelled 
 into the form of a private psalter. Milton, 
 Eikonoklastes, ch. i. 
 
 DEWBEATERS, according to H. oiled 
 shoes, but in Hacket early walkers. 
 
 It is not equity at lust and pleasure that is 
 moved for, but equity according to decrees 
 iud precedents foregoing, as the dew-beaters 
 have trod their way for those that come 
 after them. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 57. 
 
 DE-WITT, to lynch. John De Witt, 
 Grand Pensionary of Holland, and his 
 brother Cornelius, were massacred by 
 the mob at Amsterdam in 1672. 
 
 It is a wonder the English nation . . have 
 not in their fury De-Witted some of these 
 men who have brought all this upon us. 
 And I must tell them that the crimes of the 
 two unhappy brothers in Holland (which 
 gave rise to that word) were not fully so 
 great as some of theirs. Modest Enquiry 
 into the Present Disasters, 1690 (Life of Ken, 
 p. 561). 
 
 He barbarously endeavours to raise in the 
 whole English nation such a fury as may end 
 in De- Witting us (a bloody word but too well 
 understood). Declaration of ps. in answer 
 to Modest Enquiry, 1690 (Ibid. p. 566). 
 
 To her I leave thee, gloomy peer. 
 Think on thy crimes committed ; 
 
 Repent, and be for once sincere, 
 Thou ne'er wilt be De- Wilted. 
 
 Prior, The Viceroy. 
 
 DEWLE, lamentation. 
 But when I saw no end that could apart 
 The deadly dewle which she so sore did 
 make,
 
 DEW-RAKE 
 
 ( 183 ) 
 
 DICKINS 
 
 With doleful voice then thus to her I 
 spake. 
 
 Sackville, The Induction, st. 14. 
 
 DEW-RAKE, rake used for the surface 
 of a lawn, on which of course the dew 
 lies, to take off the daisies, &c. (?). 
 
 Like dew-rakes and harrowes armed with 
 so many teeth, that none great or small 
 should escape them. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 381. 
 
 DEWTRY, the Datura plant, which has 
 narcotic qualities. 
 
 Make leeches and their pnnks with detrtry 
 Commit phantastical advowtry. 
 
 Hvdibras, III. i. 319. 
 
 DEY-WOMAN, farm or dairy woman. 
 
 The dey or farm- woman entered with her 
 pitchers to deliver the milk for the family. 
 Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, ii. 288. 
 
 DIABOLARCH, ruler of devils. 
 
 Supposing, however, this Satan to be meant 
 of a real angel, there will be no need to ex- 
 pound it of the Diabolarch. J. O.vlee, Con- 
 futation of the Diabolarchy, p. 9. 
 
 DIABOLARCHY, rule of the devil. 
 
 The final and concluding argument . . . 
 against the received dogma of the Diabol- 
 archy. J. Oxlee, Confutation of the Diabol- 
 archy, p. 30. 
 
 DIALECT, to speak a dialect. 
 
 By corruption of speech they false dialect 
 and misse-sound it. Nathe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 166). 
 
 DIAL OF ALEXANDER. The conquests 
 of Alexander the Great always tended 
 eastward ; hence, perhaps, the expres- 
 sion in the extract. 
 
 I conclude it [the morning] is in itselfe a 
 blessed season, a dispensing of the first dark- 
 nesse, and the diall of Alexander. Breton, 
 Fantastickfs (Morning). 
 
 DIAMANTIFEROUS, diamond-bearing or 
 producing. Diamondiferous, it would 
 seem, has been hazarded. The Aca- 
 demy is quoting from the Notth China 
 Herald. 
 
 Men with thick straw shoes go on walking 
 about in the diamantiferous sands of the 
 valleys. Academy, Sept. 14, 1878. 
 
 One of the latest creations of pretentious 
 sciolism which I have noticed is diamondifer- 
 ous, a term applied to certain tracts of coun- 
 try in South Africa. Adamantiferous, ety- 
 mologicaily correct, would never answer ; 
 but all except pedants or aff ectationists would 
 be satisfied with diamond-producing. Dr. 
 Hall, Modern Eng., p. 177. 
 
 DIAPHANAL, transparent : diaphanous 
 is more common. 
 
 If in a three-square glasse as thicke, as cleere, 
 (Being but dark earth, though made dia- 
 
 phanall) 
 Beauties diuine that rauish sence appeare, 
 
 Making the soule with joy in trance to fall, 
 What then, my soule, shalt thou in Heau'n 
 
 behold, 
 In that cleare mirror of the Trinity ? 
 
 Da-vies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 21. 
 To thee my whole man is dyaphanall, 
 The raies of whose witt's eyes pierce through 
 mee quite. Ibid. p. 38. 
 DIAPRY, variegated. 
 The diapry mansions where man-kinde doth 
 
 trade 
 Were built in six dayes. 
 
 Sylvester, The Handy Crafts, 654. 
 They ly neerer the diapry verges 
 Of tear-bridge Tigris swallow-swifter surges. 
 Ibid., The Colonies, 428. 
 
 DIAVOLARIAS, devilries ; North applies 
 it to the effigy-burnings of Jesuits by 
 the mob. 
 
 Thus ended these diavolarias never to ap- 
 pear again till like mischiefs are hatching. 
 North, Examen, p. 580. 
 
 DICACITY, licence in speech. R. says 
 the word was coined by B3'rom, and L.'s 
 quotation from Sp. Quixote does not 
 necessarily contradict this, but the sub- 
 joined passage is earlier by a good 
 many years than Byrom, and the word 
 is in Cockerams Eng. Diet., 1632, and 
 is defined " much babbling or scolding, 
 scoffing or prating." 
 
 Lucilius, a centurion in Tacitus Annal.,lib. 
 i., had a scornful name given him by the 
 military dicacity of his own company. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 133. 
 
 DICKEY. It's all dickey ivith Mm = 
 it's all over with him (slang). 
 'Tis all dickey with poor Father Dick ; he's 
 
 no more. 
 Inaoldsby Legends (Brothers of Birchinyton). 
 
 DICKEY-BIRDS, little birds. 
 
 'Twas, I know, in the spring-time when Na- 
 ture looks gay, 
 
 As the poet observes, and on tree-top and 
 spray 
 
 The dear little dickey-birds carol away. 
 
 Ingoldsby Lei/ends (Kniyht and Lad}/.} 
 Gladly would I throw up history to think 
 
 of nothing but dickey-birds, but it must not 
 
 be yet. C. Kim/sley (Life, ii. 41). 
 
 DICKINS. See quotation. 
 
 Cook. What for the bride-cake, Gnotho ? 
 
 Gnotho. Let it be mouldy now 'tis out of 
 
 season, 
 
 Let it grow out of date, currant, and reason ; 
 Let it be chipt and chopt, and given to 
 chickens,
 
 DICK'S HATBAND ( 184 ) DIFFRACTION 
 
 No more is got by that than William Dickim 
 Got by his wooden dishes. 
 
 Massinger, Old Law, Act V. 
 "Who was William Dickins, whose wooden 
 dishes were sold so badly, that when any one 
 lost by the sale of his wares, the said Dickins 
 and his dishes were brought up in scornful 
 comparison ? Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 DICK'S HATBAND. See quotation. 
 
 Who was that other Dick who wore so 
 queer a hatband that it has ever since served 
 as a standing comparison for all queer 
 things? . . . Nothing, said the Doctor, is 
 remembered of him now, except that he was 
 familiarly called Dick, and that his queer 
 hatband went nine times round, and would 
 not tie. Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 DICKY, a donkey. 
 But now, as at some nobler places, 
 
 Amongst the leaders 'twas decreed 
 Time to begin the Dicky races, 
 
 More famed for laughter than for speed. 
 Bloomfteld, Richard and Kate. 
 
 DlCT, saying, report. 
 What, the old diet was true after all ? 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 DICTERY, a saying. 
 
 I did heap up all the dicteries I could 
 against women, but now recant. Burton, 
 Anatomy, 584. 
 
 DICTORIAL, dictatorial. I should have 
 thought this a misprint, but it occurs 
 twice in Clarissa Harlmve, though I 
 have not the reference to the first pas- 
 sage, as I supposed it to be only a 
 printer's error. 
 
 Sally was laying out the law, and prating 
 in her usual dictorial manner. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, vi. 107. 
 
 DIDDER, to shake. See H. 
 
 He did cast a squinting look upon Goats- 
 nose diddering and shivering his chaps. 
 Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xx. 
 
 DIDDLE - DADDLE nonsense, fiddle- 
 faddle. 
 
 Mrs. Thrale. Oh, a propos, now you have a 
 new edition coming out, why should you not 
 put your name to it ? 
 
 Miss Burney. O, ma'am, I would not for 
 the world. 
 
 Mrs. T. And why not ? come let us have 
 done now with all this diddle-daddle. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, i. 108. 
 
 DIDPLEDOMES, trifles, kickshaws ? 
 
 When thou findest a goose for thy diet 
 feede him with a dish of diddledomes, for I 
 have done with thee. Breton, Dreame of 
 Stranije Effects, p. 17. 
 
 DIDLE, to dredge. 
 
 I should despair of patience to didle in 
 their mud for pearl-muscles. W. lai/lor, 
 1803 (Robberd's Memoirs, i. 471). 
 
 DIE-AWAY, languishing. 
 
 As a girl she had been ... so romantic, 
 with such a soft, sweet, die-away voice. Miss 
 Edgeworth, Helen, ch. xix. 
 
 Pray do not give us any more of those die- 
 away Italian airs. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 DIET. See quotation. 
 
 I din'd at the Comptroller's [of the House- 
 hold] with the Earle of Oxford and Mr. Ash- 
 burnham ; it was said it should be the last of 
 the public diets or tables at Court, it being 
 determined to put down the old hospitality, 
 at which was great murmuring, considering 
 his Majesties vast revenue and the plenty of 
 the nation. Evelyn, Diary, Aug. 20, 1663. 
 
 DIETIC, a system of diet. 
 
 All sudden skinning over or closing of the 
 orifices, by which those sharp humours are 
 obstructed, but not purged, is very dangerous 
 and diffusive of the mischief, making the 
 source of the malignity to flow higher, if it 
 be not drawn away by ... gentle dietics or 
 healing applications. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 397. 
 
 DIEU-GARD, the oath, " So help me 
 God : " at least this I suppose to be the 
 meaning. " Beck " perhaps signifies 
 tacit assent notified by an inclination o 
 the head. 
 
 His master Harding could not produce so 
 much as a probability of any vow anciently 
 required or undertaken, whether by beck or 
 Dieu-gard. Bp. Hall, Works, ix. 278. 
 
 DIFFAMOUSLY, injuriously ; defama- 
 torily. The speaker in the extract is 
 Ralph Allerton when on his trial before 
 Bonner, 1557. 
 
 Whereupon should your lordship gather or 
 say of me so diffamously ? Maitland on Re- 
 formation, p. 556. 
 
 DIFFERENCE, a part or division. 
 
 There bee of times three differences : the 
 first from the creation of man to the Floud 
 or Deluge, . . . the second from the Floud to 
 the first Olympias. . . . Holland's Camden, 
 p. 34. 
 
 DIFFRACTION, a breaking in pieces : 
 the word is applied to the modifications 
 which light undergoes when turned 
 from its straight course by passing by 
 the edge of an opaque body. 
 
 It was the ring of Necessity whereby we 
 are all begirt ; happy he for whom a kind 
 heavenly Sun brightens it into a ring of Duty, 
 and plays round it with beautiful prismatic 
 diffractions, yet ever, as basis and as bourne
 
 DIGGINGS 
 
 ( 185 ) 
 
 DIMMERING 
 
 for our whole being, it is there. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 DIGGINGS, used for any place, from a 
 continent to a man's lodgings. The 
 slang Diet, says, " probably imported 
 from California or Australia with refer- 
 ence to tlie gold diggings ; " but gold 
 was discovered in the first of these 
 piaces in 1847, and in the second in 
 1851, while the date of the extract is 
 1843. The expression, however, very 
 likely came from some mines, or per- 
 haps from settlers digging and excavat- 
 ing in a new country. It seems to be 
 of American origin, and an American 
 is supposed to be the speaker in the 
 extract. 
 
 She won't be taken with a cold chill when 
 she realises what is being done in these dig- 
 yinys ? Dickens, M. Chuzzlewit, ch. xxi. 
 
 DIGHTLY, handsomely. 
 
 Though you- depart with grief from or- 
 chards full of fruits, grounds full stocked, 
 houses dightly furnished, purses richly stuffed, 
 from music, wine, junkets, sports, yet go, you 
 must go, every man to his own home. 
 Adams, i. 27. 
 
 DIGITAL, a finger. 
 
 Nor, be it here observed, was Mr. Losely 
 one of those beauish brigands who wear 
 tawdry scarfs over soiled linen, and paste 
 rings upon unwashed digitals. Lytton, What 
 will he do with it ? Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 DIGITIZE, to finger. 
 
 None but the devil, besides yourself, could 
 have diyitiz'd a pen after so scurrilous a 
 manner. T. Brown, Works, ii. 211. 
 
 DIGEESS, a digression. 
 Nor let any censure this a digress from my 
 history. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. x. 43. 
 
 DILANIATION, a tearing in pieces. 
 
 Blessed Ignatius could profess to challenge 
 and provoke the furious lions to his dilania- 
 tion.Bp. Hall, Works, vi. 341. 
 
 DIL/TOUY, delay. 
 
 Criminals of that sort should not have any 
 assistance in matters of fact, but defend 
 upon plain truth which they know best, 
 without any dilatories, arts, or evasions. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 285. 
 
 Causes of this nature are brought, before 
 them by juries or informers, and (bating some 
 dilatories in form, and for reasons to be given) 
 they have no means to connive or stop pro- 
 ceedings at all. Itnd.,Examen, p. 444. 
 
 DILEMMAED, placed in a dilemma. 
 
 Like a novel-hero dilemma'd, I made up my 
 mind to be "guided by circumstances." E. 
 A. Poe, Marginalia, Introd. 
 
 DILETTANTISH. One fond of art, &c., 
 or practising it, but not following it as 
 a profession, is called a dilettante (Ital.). 
 Dilettantish therefore means very much 
 the same as the word with which it is 
 coupled in the extract. 
 
 You are dilettantish and amateurish. G. 
 Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xix. 
 
 DILIGENCE, a sort of stage coach: the 
 name is common in France, but seems 
 to have obtained in England also at one 
 time. 
 
 If it were possible to send me a line by the 
 diligence to Brighton, how grateful I should 
 be for such an indulgence ! Mad.D'Arblay, 
 Diary, i. 401 (1780). 
 Now Madam says (and what she says must 
 
 still 
 
 Deserve attention, say she what she will) 
 That what we call the diligence, be-case 
 It goes to London with a swifter pace, 
 "Would better suit the carriage of your gift, 
 Returning downward with a pace as swift. 
 Cowper, To Mrs. Newton. 
 
 The driver of the diligence from Darlirgton 
 to Durham happened to be much inebriated. 
 Life of J. Lackinyton, Letter xliv. 
 
 DILLY-DALLY, to hesitate ; also hesi- 
 tating. 
 
 What you do, sir, do ; don't stand dilly- 
 dallying. Richardson, Pamela, i. 275. 
 
 If I had suffered her to stand shilly-shally, 
 dilly-dally, you might not have had that 
 honour yet awhile ; I was forced to use a 
 little fatherly authority to bring her to. 
 Fieldiny, Tom Jones, Bk. XVIII. ch. xii. 
 
 I knew it could not last knew she'd dilly- 
 dally with Clary till he would turn upon his 
 heel and leave her there. Miss Edyeworth, 
 Belinda, ch. xvii. 
 
 DILOGICAL, having a double meaning. 
 
 Some of the subtler have delivered their 
 opinions in such spurious, enigmatical, dilo- 
 gical terms as the devil gave .his oracles. 
 Adams, i. 10. 
 
 DIMENSION, to measure or space out. 
 
 I propose to break and enliven it by com- 
 partments in colours, according to the en- 
 closed sketch, which you must adjust and 
 dimension. Walpole, Letters, i. 335 (1754). 
 
 DIMENSIONS. A death of dimensions 
 = a protracted death. 
 
 In pain we know the only comfort of yravis 
 is brevis ; if we be in it, to be quickly out of 
 it. This the Cross hath not, but is mors pro- 
 lixa, a death of dimensions, a death long in 
 dying. Andrewes, Sermons, ii. 170. 
 
 DIMMERING, growing dimmer. 
 He takes an affecting farewell of the sur- 
 rounding scenery of nature, on which his
 
 DIMMY 
 
 ( 186 ) 
 
 DISALTERN 
 
 dimmeriny eyes are preparing to close for 
 ever. W. Taylor, Survjy of Germ. Poetry, i. 
 301. 
 
 DIMMY, dim. 
 You dimmy clouds, which well employ your 
 
 staining 
 
 This chearful Air with your obscured chear, 
 "Witness your woful tears with daily raining. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 441. 
 
 DIMPLEMENT, dimpling. 
 
 Thou sitting alone at the glass, 
 Remarking the bloom gone away, 
 
 Where the smile in its dimplement was. 
 Mrs. Browning, A False Step. 
 
 DING, to beat into a person ; to con- 
 stantly reiterate. 
 
 If I'm to have any good, let it come of 
 itself ; not to keep dinging it, dinging it into 
 one so. Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, 
 Act II. 
 
 DING-DONG, to ring. 
 
 First dinner bell rang out its euphonious 
 
 clang 
 At five folks kept early hours then and 
 
 the last 
 
 Diny-donyed, as it ever was wont, at half-past. 
 Ingoldsby Let/ends (Kniyht and Lady). 
 
 DINGILY, forcibly, as one that dings a 
 thing down. 
 
 These be so manifest, so plain, and do con- 
 fute so dingily the sentence and saying of 
 Floribell. Philpot, p. 370. 
 
 DINGING, ringing (of a bell). 
 
 The din of carts, and the accursed dinging 
 of the dustman's bell. Irving, Sketch itook 
 (Boar's Head Tavern). 
 
 DINNEBY, pertaining to dinner. 
 
 I ... disliked the dinnery atmosphere of 
 the salle a manger. Mrs. Gaskell, Curious if 
 True. 
 
 DIOCESANS, people in .a diocese: its 
 usual meaning is the bishop of a dio- 
 cese. 
 
 The bishops sold to the curates, and other 
 ecclesiastics their diocesans, this liberty [to 
 keep concubines], which indeed had hitherto 
 been granted them by the first council of 
 Toledo. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. II. ch.vii., 
 note. 
 
 Middlefcon is said to bear his mitre high in 
 India, where the regni novitas (I dare say) 
 sufficiently justifies the bearing. A humility 
 quite as primitive as that of Jewel or Hooker 
 might not be exactly fitted to impress the 
 minds of those Anglo- Asiatic diocesans with 
 a reverence for home institutions. Lamb, 
 Essays of Elia (Christ's Hospital). 
 
 Faithful lovers who . . . are content to 
 rank themselves humble diocesans of old 
 Bishop Valentine. Ibid. ( Valentine's Day). 
 
 DIOGENICALLY, cynically ; after the 
 manner of Diogenes. 
 
 Their other qualities are to despise riches, 
 not Diogemcally, but indolently, to be sober, 
 &c. Misson, Travels in Eny., p. 154. 
 
 DIPHRELATIC, chariot -driving (Gr. 
 SlippoQ e\avvtii). 
 
 Under this eminent man, whom in Greek 
 I coguominated Cyclops diphrelates (Cyclops 
 the charioteer), I, and others known to me, 
 studied the diphrelatic art. De Qziincey, Eny. 
 Mail Coach. 
 
 DIRECT, direction. 
 
 " Behold ! " is like John Baptist in Holy 
 Writ, evermore the avant-courier of some 
 excellent thing It is a direct, a refer- 
 ence, a dash of the Holy Ghost's pen. 
 Adams, ii. 110. 
 
 DIRECTORIZE, to bring under the 
 Presbyterian Directory for Public 
 Worship. 
 
 These were to do the Journey-work of 
 Presbytery, . . . undertaking to Directorize, 
 to Unliturgize, to Catechize, and to Disci- 
 plinize their Brethren. Gaiulen, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 609. 
 
 DlRGEFUL, moaning ; lamenting. 
 And there, soothed sadly by the dirgeful 
 
 wind, 
 Muse on the sore ills I had left behind. 
 
 Coleridge, Monody on Chatterton. 
 
 DISABLENESS, impotence. 
 
 When his life's sun is ready to set, he 
 marries, and is then knocked with his own 
 weapon ; his own disahleness and his wife's 
 youthfulness. like bells, ringing all in. 
 Adams, i. 493. 
 
 DISACCOMPANIED, unaccompanied. 
 
 To dismisse his forces he was content, or 
 any thing else the King would command 
 him, so it were with the safety of his life 
 and honour ; but to come disaccompanied 
 was for neither. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 10. 
 
 DISAGREEABILITY, unpleasantness. 
 
 He, long-sighted and observant, had seen 
 through it sufficiently to read all the depres- 
 sion of countenance which some immediate 
 disagreeability had brought on. Mad. D'Ar- 
 blay, Diary, iii 334. 
 
 DISAGREEABLES (used as a subst.), 
 annoyances. 
 
 I had all the merit of a temperance mar- 
 tyr without any of its disagreeables. C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xiv. 
 
 DIRALTERN, to change for the worse. 
 But must I ever grind? and must I earn 
 Nothing but stripes ? O wilt Thou di saltern 
 The rest Thou gav'st? 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, iii. 4.
 
 DISAPRONED 
 
 ( 187 ) 
 
 DISCIPLINE 
 
 DISAPRONED, without an apron. 
 
 I entered the main street of the place, and 
 saw . . . the aproned or disaproned Burghers 
 moving-in to breakfast. Carlyle, Oartor 
 Resartus, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 DISARCHBISHOP, to deprive of the 
 status of archbishop. 
 
 So after that 
 
 "We had to disarchbishop and unlord, 
 And make you simple Cranmer once again. 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, iv. 2. 
 
 DISASINATED, deprived of the asinine 
 nature. 
 
 I saw you somewhat earnest in banding 
 arguments with that asse, but how have you 
 sped ? doth he desire to be disasinated and 
 become man again ? Howell, Parly of 
 Iteasts, p. 28. 
 
 DISASSENT. disagree from ; deny : 
 the Diets, have the word as a subst. 
 
 I disassent that this example and the like 
 ought to bee drawen in consequence. Hud- 
 soil's Judith (To the Reader). 
 
 DISATTUNE, to put out of harmony. 
 
 Thus ever bringing before the mind of the 
 harassed debtor images at war with love and 
 with the poetry of life, he disattuned it, so 
 to speak, for the reception of Nora's letters, 
 all musical as they were with such thoughts 
 as the most delicate fancy inspires to the 
 most earnest love. Lytton, My Novel, Bk. 
 XI. ch. xvi. 
 
 DISAUGMENT, to decrease. 
 There should I find that everlasting treasure, 
 Which force deprives not, fortune disauy- 
 
 ments not. Qiuirles, Emblems, v. 13. 
 
 DISAVAIL, to be of no service. 
 
 Avail you ! dear Miss Byron ! I have pride, 
 madam, . . . but give me leave to say (and 
 he reddened with anger) that, my fortune, 
 my descent, and my ardent affection for you 
 considered, it may not disavail you. Rich- 
 ardson, Grandison, i. 124. 
 
 " I am an Euglishman, gentlemen," said I, 
 judging, if Austrians, as I supposed they 
 were, that plea would not disavail me. Ibid. 
 ii. 54. 
 
 DISAVAIL, loss. 
 
 If subjects' peace and glorie be the King's, 
 And their disgrace and strife his disavaile, 
 Then O let my weake words strongly prevaile. 
 Dames, Microcosmos, p. 11. 
 
 DISEASE, to debase, for which Mr. 
 Dyce thinks it may be meant. 
 First will I die in thickest of my foe, 
 Before I will disease mine honour so. 
 
 Greene, Alphonsus, Act V. 
 
 DISBURSE, payment. 
 
 Come, there is 
 Some odd disburse, some bribe, some gratu- 
 
 lance, 
 "Which makes you lock up leisure. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Kniyht, Act V. 
 The annual rent to be received for all 
 those lands, after 20 years would abundantly 
 pay the public for the first disburses. Defoe, 
 Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 342. 
 
 DISCAGED, uncaged. 
 
 Iu me put force 
 To weary her ears with one continuous 
 
 prayer, 
 
 Until she let me fly discayed to sweep 
 Iu ever-highering eagle-circles up 
 To the great Sun of Glory. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 . DISCARD. In the extracts discard is 
 used in a peculiar construction. 
 
 I only discard myself of those things that 
 are noxious to my body, and scandalous to 
 my nature. Gentleman Instructed, p. 293. 
 
 The old man's avarice discarded him of all 
 the sentiments of a parent. Ibid. p. 492. 
 
 DISCASK, to turn out of a cask. 
 
 No Tunny is suffered to be sold at Venice, 
 vnlesse first discaskt, and searcht to the bot- 
 tome. Sandys, Travels, p. 239. 
 
 DISCEDE, to depart. 
 
 I dare not discede from my copy a tittle. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. iv. 16. 
 
 I doe highly approve, that there should be 
 a certain form of prayer and ecclesiasticall 
 rites, from which it should not be lawf ull for 
 the pastors themselves to discede. Ibid. 
 VII. ii. 18. 
 
 DISCENTINE, lineal; in regular descent. 
 
 [I will] also acquaint you with the notable 
 immunities, franchises, and privileges she is 
 endowed with, beyond all her confiners, by 
 the discentine line of Kings from the Con- 
 quest. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 
 149). 
 
 DISCIPLINATE, to discipline. The 
 word is put in the mouth of a pedantic 
 schoolmaster. 
 
 A pedagogue, one not a little versed in the 
 disciplinating of the Juvenal frie. Sidney, 
 Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 DISCIPLINE. The name given by the 
 Puritans to their regimen. See extract 
 from Heylin s. v. DISSENT. 
 
 This heat of his may turn into a zeal, 
 And stand up for the beauteous discipline 
 Against the menstruous cloth and rag of 
 Rome. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 1. 
 
 Now the blaze of the beauteous discipline 
 fright away this evil from our house. Ibid., 
 Bart. Fair, i. 1.
 
 DISC1PLINIZE ( 1 88 ) DISEMBRUTE 
 
 DISCIPLINIZE, to bring under dis- 
 cipline. See extract s. v. DIRECTORIZE. 
 
 DISCLOISTERED, released from the 
 cloister, or from monastic vows: the 
 extract refers to nuns. 
 
 They fell a murmuring and a humming at 
 the solitude and hardships of that holy pro- 
 fession, and to think too often on man with 
 inordinat desires to be diacloysterd, and lead 
 a more dissolut and free unbridled life. 
 Howell, Parly of easts, p. 134. 
 
 DlSCOLORlSATlON, discoloration ; stain. 
 
 The shadow of the archway, the discolorisa- 
 tions of time on all the walls, . . . made St. 
 Quentin's Castle a wonderful and awful 
 fabric in the imagination of a child. Car- 
 lyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. I. ch. iii. 
 
 DlSCOLOURATE, to discolour. 
 
 The least mixture of civil concernment in 
 religious matters so discolourated the Chris- 
 tian candor and purity hereof, that they ap- 
 peared in a temporal hue. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 III. iii. 31. 
 
 DISCONCERT, disturbance = discon- 
 certion is in the Diets. 
 
 The waltzers perforce ceased their evolu- 
 tions, and there was a brief disconcert of the 
 whole grave company. E. A. Poe, Masque 
 of the Red Death. 
 
 DISCONFORM, to differ from. 
 
 Judge more charitably than to think that 
 they do it only out of crossness to disconform 
 to your practise. Racket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 212. 
 
 DISCONTENTEE, a discontented person. 
 
 The priests and Jesuits, especially the 
 latter, traded much in conventicles and 
 among the discontentees, the very party his 
 Lordship headed. North, Examen, p. 55. 
 
 DISCORPORATE, disembodied. 
 
 Instead of the seven corporate selfish 
 spirits, we have the four and twenty millions 
 of discorporate selfish. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 
 193. 
 
 DISCOURAGE, to lose courage. 
 
 Because that poore Churche shulde not 
 utterly discourage, in her extreme adversitees, 
 the Sonne of God hath taken her to His 
 spowse. Vocaeyon of Johan Hale, 1553 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 464). 
 
 DISCOURT, to dismiss from Court or 
 Court favour. R. gives a quotation 
 from Speed, to whom he seems to think 
 the word is peculiar. 
 
 It behoves his Majesty to uphold the 
 Duke against them, who, if he be but dis- 
 courted, it will be the corner-stone on which 
 the demolishing of his monarchy will be 
 builded. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 151. 
 
 DISCREATE, to uncreate, reduce to 
 chaos. 
 
 But both vniting their diuided zeals, 
 Took up the matter, and appeas'd the brail, 
 Which doubtless else had discreated all. 
 
 Sylvester, second day, first weeke, 318. 
 
 DISCREET, separate. 
 
 What the Halls in Cambridge wanted of 
 Oxford in number, they had in greatness ; so 
 that what was lost in discrete was found in 
 continued quantity. Fuller, Hist, of Camb. 
 ii. 22. 
 
 DISCRETE, apparently an official title. 
 Though they have no worldly honours, 
 Yet nether kynges ne emperonrs, 
 
 Nor wother states of the temperalte, 
 Have soche stryfe in their provision 
 As observauntes in their religion, 
 
 With dedly hatred and enmyte 
 To be made confessors and preachers, 
 Wardens, discretes, and ministers, 
 
 And wother offices of prelacy. 
 
 Hoy and Barlow, Eede me and be 
 nott wroth, p. 90. 
 
 DISCRETION. To yield or surrender 
 at discretion is a common phrase ; to 
 be at discretion is not so usual, though 
 of course it means the same thing, i. e. 
 to be at the disposal of the conqueror, 
 as he may think fit. 
 
 If she stays to receive the attack, she is in 
 danger of being at discretion. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 154. 
 
 DISCRIMINATION, a quarrel (a Latin- 
 ism). 
 
 Eeproaches and all sorts of unkind dis- 
 criminations succeeded. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 16. 
 
 DISCRUCIATE, to torture. 
 Sorrowes divided amongst many, lesse 
 Discruciate a man in deep distresse. 
 
 Herrick. Hesperides, p. 257. 
 
 Discuss, to shake off, and so, to finish. 
 
 I make no doubt but that in a day or two 
 this troublesome business may be discussed ; 
 and in this hope we are preparing for our 
 journey. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, i. 177. 
 
 DISCUSTOMED, unaccustomed. 
 If now no more my sacred rimes distil 
 With artless ease from my disntstom'd quill : 
 If now the laurell that but lately shaded 
 My heating temples, be disleav'd and vaded ; 
 
 Blame these sad times. 
 
 Sylvester, Tlie Arke, 2. 
 
 DISEMBRUTE, to humanise. 
 
 Friend. According to your notion of hero- 
 ism, that boor and barbarian, Peter Alexio-
 
 DISENCOURAGE ( 189 ) DJSHERBAGE. 
 
 witz of Russia, was the greatest hero that 
 ever lived. 
 
 Author. True, my friend, for of a numerous 
 people he disembruted every one except him- 
 self. if. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 71. 
 
 DISENCOURAGE, to discourage ; R. has 
 disencouragement. 
 
 Come on then, poor Fan ! the world has 
 acknowledged you my offspring, and I will 
 disencouraye you no more. Mad. D'Arblay's 
 Diary, vi. 243. 
 
 DISFAME, ill reputation. 
 
 And what is Fame in life but half disfame, 
 And counterchanged with darkness ? 
 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 DISFERTILE, to make barren. 
 O chastisement most deadly-wonderf all ! 
 Th' Heaven-cindred cities a broad standing 
 
 pool 
 Ore-flowes (yet flowes not) whose infectious 
 
 breath 
 Corrupts the age. and earth disfertileth. 
 
 Sylvester, The location, 1347. 
 
 DISFLOWERED, stript of. flowers. Cf. 
 
 DlSLEAVE. 
 
 Our disflowred trees, our fields hail-torn, 
 Our empty ears, our light and blasted corn, 
 Presage us famine. 
 
 iSylvestei; The Magnificence, 1238. 
 
 DEFORESTATION, clearing forest- 
 ground of trees, and throwing it into 
 open country or cultivation. The word 
 occurs again in Daniel's Hist., p. 118, 
 margin. 
 
 The allowance of what disforrestation had 
 heretofore been made was earnestly urged. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 167. 
 
 DISFRAUGHT, to unf reight, discharge. 
 
 Having disfrauyhted and unloaded his lug- 
 gage, to supper he sets himself downe like a 
 lorde. Naahe, Lenten Stuff (Harl. Misc., vi. 
 179). 
 
 DISFURNISHMENT, bareness, stripping. 
 
 And so the State (having all the best 
 strength exhausted, and none, or small sup- 
 plies from the Romans) lay open to the 
 rapine and spoyle of their northern enemies, 
 who taking the advantage of this disfurnish- 
 ment, never left till they had reduced them 
 to extreme miseries. Daniel, Hist, of Eny., 
 p. 5. 
 
 DISGOUTED, released from gout. 
 
 Lord M. looked horribly glum ; his fingers 
 claspt, and turning round and round, under 
 and over, his but just disyouted thumb. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 227. 
 
 DISGOWN, to throw off a gown, and 
 so to renounce Holy Orders. 
 
 Then, desiring to be a convert, he was 
 reconciled to the Church of Rome ; so he 
 disyawned and put on a sword. North, Ex- 
 atnen, p. 222. 
 
 DISGRACE, to put out of countenance, 
 to cause another to appear inferior. 
 
 In thee [Countess of Pembroke] the Les- 
 bian Sappho with her lyric harpe is disyraced. 
 Nashe, 1591 (Eny. Garner, i. 500). 
 
 DISGRACIATELY, disgracefully. 
 All this he would most disyraciately ob- 
 trude. North, Examen, p. 28. 
 
 DISHABITABLE, uninhabitable. 
 
 I know I can expresse my duty in nothing 
 more then iutreatiug your lordship not to 
 beleeve those false reports, which do as much 
 make London dishabitable as the plague wont 
 to do. Ld. Falkland to Earl of Cumberland, 
 1642, p. 5. 
 
 DISHALLOW, to make unholy, to pro- 
 fane. 
 
 As the altar.cannot 'sanctify the priest, so 
 nor can the unholiness of the priest dishallow 
 the_altar. Adams, ii. 289. 
 
 Ye that so dishallow the holy sleep, 
 Your sleep is death. 
 
 Tennyson, Pelleas and Ettare. 
 
 DISHAUNT, to shun. 
 
 So wisely she dishaunted the resort 
 
 Of such as were suspect of light report. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 125. 
 
 DISHEART, to dishearten. 
 When, therefore, divine justice sinne wil 
 
 scurge, 
 
 He doth dishart their harts in whom it 
 raignes. Davies, Microcosmos, p. 42. 
 
 DISHED, done for (slang). 
 
 He was completely dished he could never 
 have appeared again the rest of his days 
 must probably have been passed in the 
 King's Bench. Nares, Thinks I to Myself, i. 
 208. 
 
 I would advise her blackaviced suitor to 
 look out ; if another comes with a longer or 
 clearer rent-roll, he's dished. C. ISronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xix. 
 
 !J? DISHERBAGE, to deprive of grass or 
 herbage. The first part of the quota- 
 tion is portion of an inflated speech 
 made by a rhetorician to Antigonus, 
 wholturned it into ridicule. Perhaps 
 Udal uses disherbage as a strange term, 
 representing the affectedness of the 
 original. 
 
 " The "snowe casting season nowe coming 
 in place hath made this climate vtterly.desti- 
 tute of herbage, or hath brought this climate 
 to clene disherbayeiny." . . . These wordes, 
 XtnrofioTuvflv iiroirjfftt that is,"hath brought
 
 D1SHERO 
 
 ( 19 ) 
 
 DISMEMBER 
 
 this climate to clene disherbayeiny." smellen 
 all of the iukehorue. Udcil's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 243. 
 
 DlSHERO, to make unheroic. 
 
 Thfre is a hypothesis now current, due 
 probably to some man of name, for its own 
 force would not carry it far, that Mr. Lock- 
 hart at heart has a dislike to Scott, aud has 
 done his best in an underhand, treacherous 
 manner, to dish era him. Carlyle, Misc., IV. 
 143. 
 
 DISHWASH, dishwater. 
 
 Their fathers, their grandfathers, and their 
 great-grandfathers . . . were scullions, dish- 
 trash, and durty draffe. NasJie, Lenten Stitjfe 
 (Marl. Misc., vi. 180). 
 
 DISIMFRISON, to set at liberty. 
 
 French Eevolution means here the open, 
 violent rebellion and victory of disimprisoned 
 anarchy against corrupt, worn-out authority. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VI. ch. j. 
 
 Probably there is much light waiting us in, 
 these notes of his, were they once disim- 
 prisoned into general legibility. Hid., Misc., 
 iv. 312. 
 
 DISINDIVIDUALIZE, to deprive of in- 
 dividuality, to divest of character. 
 
 He was answered by Miss de Bassompierre 
 in quite womanly sort ; with intelligence, 
 with a manner not indeed wholly disindividn- 
 alized : a tone, a glance, a gesture . . . still 
 recalled little Polly. Miss JJ route, 1'illette, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 DISINVIGORATE, to weaken or relax. 
 This soft, aud warm, and disinviyoratiny 
 climate. Sydney Smith, Letters, 1844. 
 
 DISJUNE, breakfast = a corruption of 
 the French dejeuner. See extract from 
 Nashes Lenten Stuffe s. v. ORENGE. 
 
 I remember his sacred Majesty King 
 Charles when he took his disjune at Tillie- 
 tudlem. Scott, Old Mortality, ch. iii. 
 
 DISKNOW, to disown, fail to recognize. 
 And when He shall (to light thy siufull load) 
 Put manhood on, disknow him not for God. 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 851. 
 
 DISLAWYER, to deprive of the status 
 of a lawyer ; to deny a man's legal 
 ability. 
 
 In the meantime vilifications plenty ; those 
 were at their tongue's end. He was neither 
 courtier nor lawyer ; which his lordship hear- 
 ing, he smiled saying, That they might well 
 make him a whore master when they had 
 dislaicyered him. A'orth, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, if. 237. 
 
 DISLEAVE, to strip of leaves. See 
 quotation s v. DISCUSTOMED. 
 
 There Auster never roars, nor hail disleaues 
 Th' immortal groue, nor any branch bereaues. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 666. 
 
 DISLIKE, unlike. 
 
 Two states then there be after death, and 
 these two disjoined in place, dislike in con- 
 dition. Andrewes, Sermons, ii. 82. 
 
 DISLINK, to disjoin, to separate. 
 
 And there a group of girls 
 In circle waited, whom the electric shock 
 Dislink'd with shrieks and laughter. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, Prologue. 
 
 DISLOKE, to dislocate. 
 His bones and joints from whence they 
 
 whilom e stood 
 
 With rackings quite dislokcd and distracted. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 20. 
 
 DISMAL, to feel dismal or melancholy. 
 
 Miss L. sung various old elegies of Jack- 
 son, Dr. Harrington, and Linley, and O! how 
 I dismalled in hearing them. Mad. VAr- 
 llay, Diary, i. 344. 
 
 DISMALITY, a melancholy thing. 
 
 Hang dismality, leave that to parsons. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 164. 
 
 What signifies dwelling upon such dismal- 
 ities ? If I think upon my ruin beforehand, 
 I am no nearer to enjoyment now than then. 
 Mad. D'Arllay, Camilla, Bk. VI. ch. xiv. 
 
 DlSJIALNESS, gloom. 
 
 Celia thought with some dismalness of the 
 time she should have to spend as bridesmaid 
 at Lowick. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. ix. 
 
 DISMALS. In the first two extracts = 
 mourning garments ; in the other = 
 melancholy. 
 
 What a charming widow would she have 
 made ! how would she have adorned the 
 weeds ! . . . Such pretty employment in new 
 dismals, wheu she had hardly worn round 
 her blazing joyfuls. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 loire, vii. 171. 
 
 As my lady is decked out in her dismals, 
 perhaps she may take a fancy to faint. 
 Foote, Trip to Calais, Act III. 
 
 He comes, and seems entirely wrapt up in 
 the. dismals : what can be the matter now ? 
 Ibid., The Liar, Act II. 
 
 DISMEMBER, to deprive of a seat in 
 Parliament. The word is used pun- 
 ningly in the first extract. 
 
 O House of Commons, House of Lords, 
 
 Amend before September : 
 For 'tis decreed your souldiers' swords 
 Shall then you all dismember. 
 
 Needham, Enq. Rebellion, 1661 (Harl. 
 
 Misc., ii. 522). 
 
 The parliament met, and at the very first 
 the new members were attacked ; for one 
 stood up and recommended it to their
 
 DISMINISTERED ( 191 ) DISPENSATIVE. 
 
 modesty to withdraw while the state of 
 their election was under debate ; as they did, 
 and were soou dismembered by vote of the 
 house. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 163. 
 Since I have dismembered myself, it is 
 incredible how cool I am to all politics. 
 Walpole, Letters, iii. 290 (1769). 
 
 DISMINISTERED, freed from the habits 
 of a minister. 
 
 Can you think . . . him [Lord Orford] so 
 totally ditminiitered as to leave all thoughts 
 of what he has been, and ramble like a boy 
 after pictures and statues ? Walpole to 
 Mann, i. 280 (1743). 
 
 DISNATURALISE, to make strange or 
 foreign. 
 
 There is this to be said in favour of retain- 
 ing the usual form and pronunciation of this 
 well-known name [JobJ, that if it were dis- 
 naturalised and put out of use, an etymology 
 in our language would be lost sight of. For 
 a job in the working or operative sense of 
 the word is evidently something which it 
 requires patience to perform ; in the physical 
 and moral sense, as when, for example, in 
 the language of the vulgar, a personal hurt 
 or misfortune is called a bad job, it is some- 
 thing which it requires patience to supporb ; 
 and in the political sense it is something 
 which it requires patience in the public to 
 endure ; and in all these senses the origin of 
 the word must be traced to Job, who is the 
 proverbial exemplar of this virtue. This 
 derivation has escaped Johnson ; nor has 
 that lexicographer noticed the substantives 
 jobing and jobation, and the verb to jobe, all 
 from the same root, and familiar in the 
 mouths of the people. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. cxv. 
 
 DISNOUNCE, to tell thoroughly : prob- 
 ably meant for a blunder = announce, 
 the speaker being an old shepherd. 
 
 Here is a substantial school-master can 
 better disnounce the whole foundation of the 
 matter. Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 DISOBEDIENTIABY, a rebel. 
 
 I pray God amend them, or else I fear 
 they be ... sly, wily disobedientiaiies to all 
 good orders. Latimer, ii. 389. 
 
 DISOFFICE, to turn out of office. 
 
 O very wise Parliament! can you teach 
 one how to piece liberty and this covenant 
 together;* for all that refuse it must be 
 sequestred, imprisoned, disqfficed. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ir. 200. 
 
 DISPACK, to open or unpack. 
 Whether when God the mingled lump dis- 
 
 packt, 
 From fiery element did light extract. 
 
 Sylvester, first day, first weeke, 518. 
 
 DISPANGLE, to spangle (distribu- 
 tively). The extract is from an edi- 
 
 tion of the poem published with the 
 thirteenth edition of the Arcadia, 
 1674. But in the edition of 1698, 
 reprinted in Arber's Eng. Garner, 
 vol. i., the last line begins, " But for 
 to spangle." 
 Though dusky wits dare scorn Astrologie, 
 
 And fools can think those Lamps of purest 
 
 light, 
 Whose numbers, waies, greatness, eternity, 
 
 Promising wonders, wonders do inuite ; 
 To have for no cause birthright in the skie, 
 
 But to dispanyle the black weeds of night. 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, st. 26. 
 
 DISPARENT, variable ; of diverse ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Nor useth our most inimitable imitator of 
 nature this cross and deformed mixture of 
 his parts more to colour and avoid too broad 
 a taxation of so eminent a person, than to 
 follow the true life of nature, beiug often or 
 always expressed so disparent in her crea- 
 tures. Chapman, Iliad, Bk. II., Comment. 
 
 DISPARPLE, to disperse. H. gives the 
 word as occurring in Lydgate, but 
 without further reference. It. has dis- 
 perpled. 
 
 Her wav'ring hair disparpling flew apart 
 
 In seemly shed. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 339. 
 
 DISPATHY, difference of feeling ; the 
 reverse of sympathy, but not so strong 
 a word as antipathy. 
 
 He was a cruel experimentalist, and the 
 dispathy which this must have excited in our 
 friend, whose love of science, ardent as it 
 was, never overcame the sense of humanity, 
 would have counteracted the attraction of 
 any intellectual powers, however brilliant. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. Ixxxv. 
 
 It is excluded from our reasonings by our 
 dispathies. Pali/rave, Hist, of Norm, and 
 Eng. (1857), ii. 110. 
 
 DISPENCE, to make use of, as one who 
 dispenses abroad what he has ac- 
 quired (?) ; or, dispense with (?) ; but 
 this last hardly seems the meaning. 
 
 Excellent devices being used to make even 
 their sports profitable ; images of battels and 
 fortifications being then delivered to their 
 memory, which after, their stronger judge- 
 ments might dispence. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 
 122. 
 
 DISPEND WITH, to dispense with. 
 
 If a present punishment be suspended, the 
 future shall never be dispended icith. Adams, 
 i. 185. 
 
 DISPENSATIVE, a preservative. The 
 Diets, only have it as an adj., but 
 Fuller (Worthies, Norfolk, ii. 140)
 
 DISPERSED 
 
 ( 192 ) DISSATISFACTORY 
 
 mentions a book by Henry Howard, 
 afterwards E. of Northampton, called, 
 " A Despensative against the Poyson of 
 supposed Prophesies." 
 
 DISPERSED, dishevelled. 
 Come, mournful dames, lay off your broid- 
 
 er'd locks, 
 
 Aiid 011 your shoulders spread dispertkd hairs. 
 Greene, Looking Glass for Eny., p. 142. 
 
 DISPIKIT, to disperse ; cause to per- 
 vade. 
 
 Proportion an houres meditation to an 
 houres readiag of a staple authour. This 
 makes a man masti-r of Ids learning, and 
 dispirits the book iuto the Scholar. Fuller, 
 Holy State, III. xviii. 5. 
 
 DISPIRITMENT, despondency. 
 
 Ah! what faiut broken quaver is that in 
 the shout ; as of a mau that shouted with 
 the throat only, and inwardly was bowed 
 down with dispiritment. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 
 219. 
 
 DISPOPE, to deprive of popedorn. 
 
 Dost thou scorn me, 
 Because I had my Canterbury pallium 
 From one whom they dispoped ? 
 
 Tennyson, Harold, III. i. 
 
 DISPOSITIONS!), disposed. 
 
 Lord Clinton was icdeed sweetly disposi- 
 tioned by nature. H. Brooke, Fool of (quality, 
 ii. 150. 
 
 DISPOSORIES, espousal. 
 
 The Princess also had begun to draw the 
 letters which she intended to have written 
 the day of her disposories to the prince her 
 husband, and the King her father in law. 
 Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 115. 
 
 DISPOST, to drive from a post or 
 position. 
 Now, thinke thou see'st this Soule of sacred 
 
 zeale, 
 
 This kindling Cole of flaming Charitie 
 Disposted all in post. 
 
 Dames, Holy Roode, p. 12. 
 
 DISPRAISABLE, blamable ; illaudable. 
 It is dispraisfible either to be senseless or 
 fenceless. Adams, ii. 462. 
 
 DISPRINCED, deprived of princely 
 honour or appearance. 
 For I was drenched with ooze, and torn with 
 
 briers, 
 
 More crumpled than a poppy from the sheath, 
 And all one rag, disprinred from head to heel. 
 Tennyson, Princess, v. 
 
 DISPULVKRATE, scatter in dust. 
 
 Confusion shall dispulverate 
 All that this round Orbiculer doth beare. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 13. 
 
 DISPUTE, contest in warfare. 
 
 Chichester . . . had received some soldiers 
 of His Majesty's party, who either were too 
 few to keep it, or found it not tenable enough 
 to make any resistance. "\Valler presents 
 himself before it, and without any great dis- 
 pute, becomes master of it. Heylin, Hist, of 
 the Presbyterians, p. 451. 
 
 The four men of war made sail for the 
 forts, against which we anchored about one 
 in the afternoon ; and after four hours' dis- 
 pute went to the westward. ftetakimj of St. 
 Helena, 1673 (Arber, Eny. Garner, i. 61). 
 
 DISQUISITION, search ; usually only 
 applied to mental investigation. 
 
 On their return from a disquisition as fruit- 
 less as solicitous, nurse declared her appre- 
 hensions that Harry had gone off with a 
 little favourite boy whom he had taken into 
 service. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 82. 
 
 DISRANGE, throw out of rank. 
 
 The Norman horsmen . . . retired. . . . The 
 Englishmen, supposing them to flie, presently 
 disranyed themselves, and in disray pressed 
 hard upon the enemies. Holland's Camden. 
 p. 317. 
 
 DISRAIE, to throw into confusion. 
 
 The English men, supposing now that they 
 turned backe and fled, . . . display their ranks, 
 and being thus disraied,presse hard upon their 
 enemies. . . . The Normans casting them- 
 selves suddenly againe into array, charge the 
 English afresh, and thus setting upon them 
 being scattered, and out of order, . . . made 
 an exceeding great slaughter of them. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 151. 
 
 Have these so yong and weak 
 
 Disrayed their ranks. 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 1124. 
 
 DISRELISHABLE, distasteful. 
 
 That the match with the Spanish princess 
 should be intended no more was disrelishable, 
 because he esteemed her nation above any 
 other to be full of honour in their friendship. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 78. 
 
 DISRESPECTABILITY, that which is dis- 
 reputable ; blackguardism. 
 
 Her taste for disrespectability grew more 
 and more remarkable. Thackeray, Vanity 
 Fair, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 DISRESPECTABLE, a mild word for con- 
 temptible. 
 
 It requires a man to be some disrespectable, 
 ridiculous Boswell before he can write a 
 tolerable life. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, 
 ch. i. 
 
 DISSATISFACTORY, unsatisfactory. 
 She then a little embarrassed me by an 
 inquiry, " why Major Phillips went to Ire-
 
 DI&SAVAGE 
 
 ( '93 ) 
 
 DISTRAIT 
 
 land ? " for my answer . . . seemed dissatisfac- 
 tory. Mad. IfArblay, Diary, vi. 146. 
 
 DISSAVAGK, to civilize. 
 
 Those wilde kingdomes 
 Subdued to Rome by my vnwearied tpyles ; 
 "Which I dissavag'd and made nobly ciuilL 
 
 Chapman, Casar and Pompey, Act I. 
 
 DISSEASON, to spoil the flavour of 
 something. 
 
 That sea was found to be higher then 
 Egypt, which made them misdoubt that it 
 would either drowne the countrey, or else by 
 mixing with the Nilus disseason his waters. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 106. 
 
 DISSECTION, dissected portion, seg- 
 ment. 
 
 All his kindnesses are not only in their 
 united form?, but in their several dissections 
 fully commendable. Sidney, Defence of 
 Poesie, p. 554. 
 
 DISSELF, to put one beside oneself, to 
 stupefy. 
 
 Whence comes 
 
 This shivering winter that my soule benums, 
 Freezes my senses, and disselfs me so 
 "With drousie poppy, not myself to knowe S* 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 1116. 
 
 DISSEMBLEABLE, having a deceptive 
 appearance. 
 
 As he that said by himselfe and his wife, I 
 thanke God in fortie winters that we haue 
 liued together, neuer any of our neighbours 
 set us at one, meaning that they neuer fell 
 out in all that space, which had bene the 
 directer speech and more apart, and yet by 
 intendment amounts all to one, being neuer- 
 thelesse dissembleable, and in effect contrary. 
 Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. xix. 
 
 DISSENT, to differ in opinion from ; 
 possibly the omission of the preposition 
 may be a printer's error. 
 
 "Which makes it seem the greater wonder 
 in our English Puritans, that following him 
 so closely in pursuit of the discipline, . . . and 
 pertinaciously adhering to his doctrine of 
 predestination, they should so visibly dissent 
 him in the point of the Sabbath. Heylin, 
 Hist, of the Presbyterians, p. 27. 
 
 DISSENTERISM, nonconformity. 
 
 He . . . tried to lay plans for his campaign 
 and heroic desperate attempts to resuscitate 
 the shop-keeping Dissenterism of Carlingford 
 into a lofty Nonconformist ideal. Mrs. Oli- 
 phant, Salem Chapel, ch. iii. 
 
 DISSEVERMENT, sundering. 
 
 He who is taken out to pass through a fair 
 scene to the scaffold, thinks not of the flowers 
 that smile on his road, but of the block and 
 axe-edge, of the disseverment of bone and 
 vein. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxvii. 
 
 DISSHIVER, to break in pieces. 
 And shieldes disshyueriny cracke. 
 
 Webbe, Eng. Poetrie, p. 50. 
 
 DISSIMULATE, to dissemble, conceal. 
 
 Public feeling required the meagreness of 
 nature to be disiimulated by tall barricades of 
 frizzed curls and bows. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. iii. 
 
 DISSIMULATOR, dissembler. 
 
 Dissimulator as I was to others, I was like 
 a guilty child before the woman I loved. 
 Lytton, Pelhani, ch. Ixvii. 
 
 DISSITE, distant. 
 Britaine . . . 
 Far dissite from this world'of ours, wherein 
 
 we ever dwelt. Holland's Camden, p. 46. 
 
 DISSOCIAL, divisive ; one who breaks 
 up sociality. 
 
 A dissocial man ? Dissocial enough ; a 
 natural terror and horror to all phantasms, 
 being himself of the genus reality. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VII. ch. ii. 
 
 DISSOLVE, to kill ; to produce dissolu- 
 tion. 
 
 His death came from a sudden catarrh 
 which caused a squinancy by the inflamma- 
 tion of the interiour muscles, and a shortness 
 of breath followed which dissolved him in the 
 space of twelve hours. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 227. 
 
 DISTANCELESS, dull ; without any dis- 
 tant prospect. 
 
 The weather that day . . was truly national ; 
 a silent, Aim,distanceless,rottiQg day in March. 
 C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. i. 
 
 DISTILLATION, cold in the head (?), 
 from the running that accompanies it. 
 
 It [exercise injudiciously used] bredeth 
 Rheumes. Catarrhs and distillations, it maketh 
 heavye, and bringeth oppilation to the lyeuer. 
 Touchstone of Complexions, p. 104. 
 
 DISTINCTIFY, to make distinct. The 
 passage is quoted by W. Proctor from 
 "an American pamphlet." 
 
 So could the same artificial light, passed 
 through the faintest focal object of a tele- 
 scope, both distinctify (to coin a new word 
 for an extraordinary occasion) and magnify 
 its feeblest component members. Proctor, 
 Myths and Marvels of Astronomy, p. 247. 
 
 DISTRAIN, restraint. 
 
 The King's highness (God save his grace !) 
 did decree that all admitted of universities 
 should preach throughout all his realm as 
 long as they preached well, without distrain 
 of any man. Latimer, ii. 329. 
 
 DISTRAIT, absent; distracted in 
 thought : a French word that may be 
 o
 
 DISTRIBUTIONIST ( 194 ) 
 
 DIVISIONATE 
 
 considered naturalized, and is so used 
 in the extract. 
 
 And then she got Grace supper, and tried 
 to make her talk ; but she was distrait, re- 
 served. C. Kiiiysley, Two Years Ago, ch. xxvi. 
 
 DISTRIBUTIONIST, one employed in 
 distribution. 
 
 The distributionists trembled, for their 
 popularity was at stake. . . The popularity 
 of the distribution society among the ladies 
 of our parish is unprecedented. Sketches by 
 Boz (Ladies' Societies). 
 
 DISTROUBANCE, disturbance. 
 
 They that come to the Church for to pray 
 devoutly to the Lord God, may in their in- 
 ward wits be the more fervent, that all their 
 outward wits be closed from all outward see- 
 ing and hearing, and from all distroubance 
 and lettings. Exam, of W. Thorpe (Bale, 
 Select Works, p. 96). 
 
 DISTROUBLER, troubler ; disturber. 
 
 After thy knowledge and power thou shalt 
 enforce thee to withstand all such distroublers 
 of Holy Church. Exam, of William. Thorpe 
 (Bale, Select Works, p. 75). 
 
 DISVELOPE, disclose, unwrap. 
 
 Which bloody resolution, since the time 
 wherein those black thoughts disveloped 
 themselves by action, she hath under her 
 hand confirmed. The Unhappy Marksman, 
 1659 (Harl. Misc., iv. 3). 
 
 DISVENTUROUS, disastrous. 
 
 The whole mischief comes upon us to- 
 gether, like kicks to a cur; and would to 
 God this disventurous adventure that threat- 
 ens us may end in no worse. Jarvis's Don 
 Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. xvi. 
 
 DISWHIPPED, deprived of a whip. 
 
 Is it peace of a father restored to his 
 children, or of a taskmaster who has lost his 
 whip ? . . . Or, alas ! is it neither restored 
 father, nor diswhipped taskmaster that walks 
 there, but an anomalous complex of both 
 these? Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 DISWINDOWED, with the windows'de"- 
 stroyed. 
 
 Ghastly chateaus stare on you by the way- 
 side, disroofed, disieindowed. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. vii. 
 
 DISWINGED, deprived of wings. 
 
 But indeed what of Du Barry? A foul 
 worm, hatched by royal heat, on foul com- 
 posts, into a flaunting butterfly; now dis- 
 winyed, and again a worm. Carlyle, Diamond 
 Necklace, ch. iii. 
 
 DITE, saying. 
 
 Which dite Paul seemeth to have taken 
 out of the prophecies of Daniel. Philpot, p. 
 
 DITTON, ditty. 
 
 Pantagruel for an eternal memorial wrote 
 this victorial ditton. Urquharts Rabelais, 
 Bk. II. ch. xxvii. 
 
 DITTOS, a suit of the same colour 
 throughout. 
 
 A sober suit of brown or snuff-coloured 
 dittos such as beseemed his profession. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. Ivi. 
 
 DIVE-DOPPEL, the dive-dapper or dab- 
 chick. 
 
 Then once again kneel ye down, and up 
 again like dive-doppels. Becon, iii. 276. 
 
 DIVELLICATE, to tear or lacerate. 
 The speaker is Colonel Bath, of whom 
 it is said (Bk. III. ch. viii.) "all his 
 words are not to be found in a dic- 
 tionary." 
 
 My brother told me you had used him 
 dishonestly, and had divellicated his character 
 behind his back. Fielding, Amelia, Bk. V. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 DIVERBERATE, to strike through. 
 These cries for blamelesse blood diuerberate 
 The high resounding Heau'n's convexitie. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 14. 
 
 DIVERTMENT, avocation. 
 
 The prosequution of a full establishment 
 thereof was neither by him or his successors 
 (hauing other diuertments) euer throughly 
 accomplished. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 83. 
 
 DIVESTED, vested. The word, of 
 course, has usually the opposite mean- 
 ing ; it may be a misprint, or it may 
 refer to God transferring part of His 
 authority to kings as His vicegerents. 
 
 Insurrections against that authority which 
 was divested by God in His Majesty's person. 
 Heylin, Hist, of the Presbyterians, p. 333. 
 
 DIVESTITURE, putting off; depriva- 
 tion. 
 
 He is sent away without remedy, with a 
 divestiture from his pretended Orders. Bp. 
 Hall, Works, x. 226. 
 
 DlVEXITY. 
 
 His haire, gold's quintessence, ten times re- 
 
 fin'd, 
 
 (In substance far more subtill than the wind) 
 Doth glorifie that Heau'n's Divexity, 
 His head, where Wit doth raigne inuincibly. 
 Davies, Wittes Pilyrimaye, p. 30. 
 
 DIVISIONATE, to divide: a pedantic 
 schoolmaster is the speaker. 
 
 First, you must divisionate your point [of 
 argument], quasi you should cut a chees into 
 two particles, . . . which must also be sub- 
 divisionated into three equal species. Sidney, 
 Wanstead Play, p. 622.
 
 DIVISIVENESS ( 195 ) DOCTRINARITY 
 
 DIVISIVENESS, tendency to division. 
 
 So invincible is man's tendency to unite, 
 with all the invincible divisiveness he has. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. i. 
 
 DIZAIN, a poem of ten stanzas, each 
 of ten lines. 
 
 Strephon again began this dizain. Sidney, 
 Arcadia, p. 217. 
 
 Do, a cheat or fraud (slang). 
 I thought it was a do to get me out of the 
 house. Sketches by Boz (Brokers Man). 
 
 Do, trouble ; fuss. Ado is not un- 
 common. 
 
 Lord, what is man, either Adam or Abra- 
 ham, that Thou shouldest be thus mindful of 
 him, or the seed or sons of either, that Thou 
 shouldest make this do about him? An- 
 drewes, Sermons, i. 14. 
 
 What a deal a do was here to bring one 
 innocent man to his grave ! Fuller, Pisyah 
 Siffht, IV. ii. 27. 
 
 To my accounts, but Lord ! what a deal of 
 do I have to understand any part of them. 
 Pepys, March 31, 1666. 
 
 To Gresham College, where a great deal of 
 do and formality in choosing of the Council 
 and officers. Ibid. April 11, 1666. 
 
 DOABLE, possible ; capable of being 
 done. 
 
 John Holies indignantly called it political 
 simony, this selling of honours; which in- 
 deed it was ; but what then ? It was doable, 
 it was done for others. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 
 316. 
 
 DOATING-PIECE, a darling. 
 
 " Pride and perverseness," said he, " with a 
 vengeance ! yet this is your doating-piece." 
 Richardson, Pamela, i. 68. 
 
 DOCK, properly the stump left when 
 a tail has been docked, and so the seat 
 of honour. 
 
 A breech close unto his dock, 
 Haudsom'd with a long stock. 
 
 Greene, Description of Gmcer, p. 320. 
 Their crupper is a stick of a yard's length 
 put across their docks. Modern, Description 
 of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. Misc., vi. 137). 
 
 DOCTOR, to adulterate. 
 She doctor'd the punch, and she doctored the 
 
 negus, 
 Taking care not to put in sufficient to 
 
 flavour it. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Housewarming). 
 
 The Cross Keys . . . had doctored ale, an 
 odour of bad tobacco, and remarkably strong 
 cheese. G. Eliot, Felix Holt, ch. xxviii. 
 
 DOCTOR, to call or make a doctor. 
 Honor. He never was a raal counsellor, 
 sure, nor jantleman at all. 
 Phil. Oh, counshillor by courtesy he was 
 
 an attorney once jurt as we doctor the 
 apotecary. Miss Edgeworth, Love and Law, 
 i. 1. 
 
 I am taking it into serious deliberation 
 whether I shall or shall not be made a 
 Doctor, and ... I begin to think that no 
 man who deliberates is likely to be Doctored. 
 Southey, Letters, 1820 (iii. 196). 
 
 DOCTOR. To p^^t the doctor on an- 
 other = to cheat him. The allusion, 
 perhaps, is to false dice, which are 
 called doctors. 
 
 Perhaps ways and means may be found to 
 put the doctor upon the old prig. T. Brown, 
 Works, i. 236. 
 
 DOCTORS. The three doctors in the 
 extracts were proverbially famous. 
 
 After those two, Doctor Diet and Doctor 
 Quiet, Doctor Merriman is requisit to pre- 
 serve health. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 23. 
 
 Col. Well, after all, kitchen physick is the 
 best physick. 
 
 Lord Sm. And the best doctors in the 
 world are Doctor Diet, Doctor Quiet, and 
 Doctor Merriman. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. ii.). 
 
 DOCTORS, false dice. 
 
 Now, Sir, here is your true dice, a man 
 seldom gets anything by them ; here is your 
 false, Sir ; hey, how they run ! Now, Sir, 
 those we generally call doctors. Centlivre, 
 Gamester, Act I. 
 
 Here, said he, taking some dice out of his 
 pocket, here's the stuff ; here are the imple- 
 ments ; here are the little doctors which cure 
 the distempers of the purse. Fielding, Tom 
 Jones, Bk. VIII. ch. xii. 
 
 DOCTOR'S STUFF, medicine : in the 
 extract from Barham, poison. 
 
 The man said, " Then it must be as it 
 pleased God, for he could not take Doctor's 
 stuff, if he died for it." Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. X. ch. xvii. 
 I know not what she heard or saw, but fury 
 
 fill'd her eye, 
 She bought some nasty doctor 1 s-stujf, and put 
 
 it in a pie. 
 
 Ingoldsly Legends (Nell Cook). 
 
 He always remembers when I've got to 
 take my doctor's stuff, and I'm taking three 
 sorts now. G. Eliot, Mill on the Floss, Bk. I. 
 ch. ix. 
 
 DOCTRINARITY, stiff pedantry or dog- 
 matism. Little says that doctrinaire 
 was " terme politique introduit sous 
 la Restauration (1814 30). Homme 
 politique dont les idees subordonnees a 
 un ensemble de doctrines etoient semi- 
 liberales et semi-conservatives. Guixot 
 is cited as an example of a doctrinaire, 
 o 2
 
 DOCUMENTATION ( 196 ) 
 
 DOG-MAN 
 
 The word is now always used disparag- 
 ingly. 
 
 Excess in doctrinarity and excess in ear- 
 nestness are threatening to set their mark 
 on the new political generation. Lord 
 Stranyford, Letters and Papers, p. 235 
 
 DOCUMENTATION, instruction ; advice. 
 
 " I am to be closeted, and to be document- 
 ized," proceeded he ; " not another word of 
 your documentations, dame Selby, I am not in 
 a humour to bear them ; I will take my own 
 way." Richardson, Grandison, vi. 157. 
 
 DOCUMENTISE, to instruct. See ex- 
 tract s. v. DOCUMENTATION. 
 
 The Attorney General . . . desired the wife 
 would not be so very busy, being as he said 
 well doaimentised, meaning by this White- 
 acre. North, Examen, p. 294. 
 
 DOD, see extract. 
 
 Our husbandmen in Middlesex make a dis- 
 tinction between doddiny and threshing of 
 wheat, the former being only the beating out 
 of the fullest aud fairest grain, leaving what 
 is lean and lank to be threshed out after- 
 wards. Our comment may be said to have 
 dodded the Sheriffes of several Counties, in- 
 sisting only on their most memorable actions. 
 Fuller, Worthies, ch. xv. 
 
 DOD, see extract. 
 
 Eobert Dodford was born in a Village so 
 called in this County, ... so named, as I 
 take it, from a Ford over the river Avon, and 
 Dods, Water-weeds (commonly called by 
 children Cats-Tails), growing thereabouts. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Northampton (ii. 170). 
 
 DODDLE, to shake. 
 
 He got up on an old mnle which had served 
 niue Kings, and so, mumbling with his mouth, 
 nodding and doddling his head, would go see 
 a coney ferreted. Urguharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. 
 ch. xxii. 
 
 DOG, to furnish with dogs. Cf. 
 Fuller's use of boy. 
 
 Surely had Brittain been then known to 
 the ancient Romans, when first (instead of 
 manning) they dogged their Capitol, they 
 would have furnished themselves with Mas- 
 tiffes fetched hence for that purpose. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Somerset (ii. 276). 
 
 DOG, cock, as of a gun, from a sup- 
 posed resemblance to a dog with its 
 head raised. 
 
 This was a contrivance . . . for producing 
 fire by the friction of the grooved edges of a 
 steel wheel . . . against a piece of iron 
 pyrites . . . held in a cock or dog which 
 pressed upon it. Arch., xxxi. 492 (1846). 
 
 DOGBOLT. An iron hook or bar with 
 a sharp fang is called a dog or dogbolt. 
 Dogbolt is a term of reproach in Ben 
 
 Jonsonand'other old writers, though why 
 this should be so is not clear. See N. 
 
 The beams are . . . fastened to the sides 
 with bolts not unlike our doy-bolts. Arch., 
 xx. 555 (1824). 
 
 DOG-COOK, a man-cook (?). 
 
 A cellar admirably stocked, a first-rate dog- 
 cook and assistants, a set of horses for town, 
 hunters at Melton, and racers at Newmarket, 
 practically sounded his merits and virtues. 
 Th. Hook, Man of many Friends. 
 
 DOGGESS, a bitch. 
 
 Pretty dogs and doggesses to quarrel and 
 bark at me. and yet, whenever I appear, afraid 
 to pop out of their kennels. Ricliardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, vii. 131. 
 
 DOGGREL. The verb is unusual, and 
 should mean to write doggrel verses ; 
 here it seems to refer to an argument 
 constantly repeated. The freethinker 
 boasts that his religion is practised by 
 the world ; Eusebius replies 
 
 If general practice hits right with the pre- 
 cepts of your religion, they are fly-blown, 
 and were I disposed to doggrel it, I would 
 only gloss upon that text. . . When the 
 question is about good and evil, practice 
 stands on the wrong side. Gtnt'eman In- 
 structed, p. 43. 
 
 DOGGY, like dogs : a reproachful epi- 
 thet. 
 
 Pack hence, doygye rakhels! Stanyhurst, 
 jEn,., i. 145. 
 
 DOG-LOGIC, a word formed in imita- 
 tion of dog-latin. The quotation occurs 
 in Swift's lines " upon the horrid plot 
 discovered by Harlequin, the B p of 
 E ch r's French dog." 
 
 I own it was a dangerous project, 
 And you have prov'd it by dog-logick. 
 
 DOG-LOOKED, disreputable - looking ; 
 hang-dog. 
 
 We saw a wretched kind of a dog-looVd 
 fellow with a tippet about his neck. L'Es- 
 trange, Visions of Quevedo, ch. i. 
 
 DOG-MAD, quite mad ; rabid. 
 
 He was troubled with a disease reverse to 
 that called the stinging of the tarantula, and 
 would run dog-mad at the noise of music, 
 especially a pair of bagpipes. Swift, Tale 
 of Tub, sect. 11. 
 
 DOG-MAN, a man having to do with 
 dogs. 
 You think he could barter and cheat, 
 
 And filch the dorj-marfs meat 
 To feed the offspring of God. 
 Mrs. Browning, Napoleon III. in Italy.
 
 DOGMAOLATRY ( 197 ) DOMESTICATE 
 
 DOGMAOLATBY, worship of dogma. 
 
 How has the " religious world " fallen into 
 the notion that no one believes in Christ 
 who does not call Him by the same appella- 
 tion as themselves? 1. From the dogma- 
 olatry of the last two centuries (Popish and 
 Protestant). C. Kingsley, 1852 (Life, i. 268). 
 
 DOGS. To go to the dogs is to be 
 ruined or destroyed ; the reference is 
 to a worn-out horse sent to the knack- 
 er's. See quotation from Dickens *. v. 
 Bow-wow. 
 
 "Writs are out for me to apprehend me for 
 my plays, and now I am bound for the isle 
 of dogs. 'Return from Parnassus, v. 3 (1606). 
 
 I should soon hope to see that accom- 
 plished, if that mischievous Ate that has en- 
 gaged the two most mighty monarchs in the 
 world in a bloody war were sent to her place, 
 i. e. to the dogs (is KopaKas). Bailey's Eras- 
 mus, p. 266. 
 
 DOG-SHORES, pieces of timber used to 
 prevent a vessel from starting while the 
 keel-blocks are being taken out, pre- 
 paratory to launching. 
 
 Go over the side again, and down among 
 the ooze and wet to the bottom of the dock, 
 in the depths of the subterranean forest of 
 dog-shores and stays that hold her up. 
 Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, xxiv. 
 
 DOG-SLEEP. L. defines this "pre- 
 tended sleep," and gives an extract 
 from Addison in which it bears this 
 meaning ; but it usually signifies, I 
 think, a light, fitful sleep disturbed by 
 the slightest sound. 
 
 My sleep was never more than what is 
 called dog-sleep ; so that I could hear myself 
 moaning, and was often, as it seemed to me, 
 wakened suddenly by my own voice. De 
 Quincey, Opium-eater, p. 35. 
 
 DOG'S-TONGUE, a plant; cynoglossum 
 officinale. 
 
 I think he killed nobody, for his remedies 
 were " womanish and weak." Sage and 
 wormwood, sion, hyssop, borage, spikenard, 
 doy's-tongue, our Lady's mantle, feverfew, and 
 Faith, and all in small quantities except the 
 last. Eeade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xciv. 
 
 DOG-TIRED, tired as a dog. Shake- 
 speare (Taming of Shrew, IV. ii.) has 
 dog-weary. 
 
 Tom Is carried away by old Benjy, dog- 
 tired and surfeited with pleasure. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. ii. 
 
 DOG TO THE BOW, a dog used in shoot- 
 ing : such dogs, being well trained and 
 obedient, were taken to typify humble 
 or subservient people. 
 
 And eke to January he goth as lowe, 
 As ever did a doygefor the bowe. 
 
 Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 9888. 
 He . . with lacke of vitailles brought those 
 choploges or greate pratlers as lowe as dogi/e 
 to the bow. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 250. 
 
 DO-LITTLE, idle. L. has the word as 
 a substantive. 
 
 What woman would be content with such 
 a do-little husband? Rennet's Erasmus's 
 Praise of Folly, p. 45. 
 
 DOLLARLESS, poor ; without dollars. 
 
 The Norrises, deceived by gentlemanly 
 manners and appearances, had, falling from 
 their high estate, received a doUarless and 
 unknown man. Dickens, M. Chuzzlewit, ch. 
 xvii. 
 
 DOLLOP, a lump. 
 
 The great blunderbuss, moreover, was 
 choked with a dollop of slough-cake. .Black- 
 more, Lorna Doone, ch. ii. 
 
 DOLLSHIP, a contemptuous title given 
 to women, implying that they are pup- 
 pets to be fondled and played with. 
 
 Yet I am so true to the freemasonry my- 
 self, that I would think the man who should 
 dare to say half I have written of our doll- 
 ships ought not to go away with his life. 
 Richardson, Grandison, vi. 102. 
 
 DOLLY, a doxy, or mistress. 
 Drink, and dance, and pipe, and play, 
 Kisse our dollies night and day. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 38. 
 
 DOLPHINATE, Dauphiny. 
 
 One Bruno first founded them [Carthu- 
 sians] in the Dolphinate in France, anno 1080. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. 269. 
 
 DOLTEFY, to make dull and stupid. 
 
 Such as women be of the warst sort, fond, 
 f olish, wanton, . . . and in euerye wise doltefied 
 with the dregges of the Deuil's dounge hill. 
 Aylmer, Harborough for Faithful Subjects, 
 1559, sig. G. III. 
 
 DOLY, gloomy. H. gives doley, with 
 this meaning, as a Northumberland 
 word. 
 
 This dolye chaunce gald us. Stanyhurst, 
 ^En., ii. 431. 
 
 DOMESTICATE, to live at home : usu- 
 ally an active verb = to tame, render 
 familiar. One of Coleridge's poems is 
 addressed "To a young friend, on his 
 proposing to domesticate with the 
 author." 
 
 I would rather, I say, see her married to 
 some honest and tender-hearted man, whose 
 love might induce him to domesticate with 
 her, and to live peaceably and pleasingly
 
 DOMESTICISE ( 198 ) 
 
 DOR-HAWK 
 
 within his family circle, than to see her mated 
 with a prince of the blood. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, i. 305. 
 
 DOMESTICISE, to render domestic. 
 
 I have some observations to make concern- 
 ing both the tea and the tea-service, which 
 will clear the Doctor from any imputation 
 of intemperance in his use of that most 
 pleasant, salutiferous, aud domesticising be- 
 verage. Southey, The Doctor, ch. xxix. 
 
 DOMINICAL. Dominical letter = usu- 
 ally Sunday letter, but in the first ex- 
 tract "the dominicall or great letters " 
 refer to the memorials of events in our 
 Saviour's life, such as Christmas, Easter, 
 &c. In the second extract as a noun it 
 seems = the Lord's house. 
 
 The wisdome and piety of the Church 
 having in all ages written in Dominicall or 
 great letters those most remarkable Histories 
 of our Saviour's transactions on earth in order 
 to our redemption. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 111. 
 
 Then began Christian Churches, Oratories, 
 or Dominicals to outshine the Temples of the 
 Heathen Gods. Ibid. p. 351. 
 
 DONAKER, a cattle-stealer : mentioned 
 among other names for thieves of va- 
 rious sorts in The Nicker Nicked, 1669 
 (Harl. Misc., ii. 108). 
 
 DONE, exhausted. Sometimes done 
 for is used in the same sense. 
 Not so the Holland fleet, who, tired and done, 
 
 Stretch'd on their decks like weary oxen 
 lie. Dryden, Ann. Mir., st. 70. 
 
 She is rather done for this morning, and 
 must not go so far without help. Miss 
 Austen, Persuasion, ch. xxiii. 
 
 DONE, done to death. 
 
 The Lord Cobham said, I believe that in 
 the sacrament of the altar is Christ's very 
 Body in form of bread, the same that was 
 born of the Virgin Mary, done on the Cross, 
 dead, and buried. Bale, Select Works, p. 30. 
 
 DONKEY, an ass. The word is modern. 
 Grose says, " Perhaps from the Spanish 
 or don-like gravity of the animal, en- 
 titled also the King of Spain's trump- 
 eter." L., who cites no example, con- 
 nects it with German dickkopf, thick 
 head. Prof. Skeat says that the root 
 of the word is dun, a common name 
 for horse or asa, and that the affix is 
 a diminutive, quasi dunnakie (see his 
 Etymol. Diet.). It will be seen that 
 Wolcot gives it as a London word. 
 Pegge cites it as an Essex provincial- 
 ism. 
 
 Thou think 'st thyself on Pegasus so steady, 
 But, Peter, thou art mounted on a Neddy ; 
 Or in the London phrase, thou Devonshire 
 
 monkey, 
 Thy Pegasus is nothing but a donkey. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 116. 
 
 DONKEYDROME, course for a donkey- 
 race : an imitation of hippodrome. To 
 avoid hybridism it should be onodrome. 
 
 The long-eared beasts were named after 
 the horses of the sun. This aspiring enter- 
 prise naturally ended in the two charioteers 
 being left sprawling in the dust of the 
 donkeydrome. Savage, R. Medlicott, Bk. I. 
 ch. v. 
 
 DONNISH, pertaining to a don. Uni- 
 versity tutors, heads of houses, &c. 
 are called dons, and donnish is gener- 
 ally used in reference to this. 
 
 Unless a man can get the prestige and in- 
 come of a don, and write donnish books, it's 
 hardly worth while for him to make a Greek 
 and Latin machine of himself. G. Eliot, 
 Daniel Deronda, ch. xvi. 
 
 DO-NOTHING, idle ; also a substantive. 
 
 Why haven't you a right to aspire to a 
 college education as any do-nothing canon 
 there at the abbey, lad? C. Kinysley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. iv. 
 
 Curse them, sleek, hard-hearted, impotent 
 do-nothings. Ibid. ch. xxxii. 
 
 DO-NOTHING-NESS, indolence. 
 
 A situation of similar affluence and do- 
 ilothing-ness would have been much more 
 suited to her capacity than the exertions 
 and self-denials of the one which her im- 
 prudent marriage had placed her in. Miss 
 Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. xxxviii. 
 
 DOORLESS, without a door. 
 
 Through the doorless stone archway he 
 could see a long vista of the plain below. 
 C. Kingsley, Hypatia, ch. xiii. 
 
 DORADO, a rich man (Spanish). 
 
 As in casting account three or four men 
 together come short in account of one man 
 placed by himself below them, so neither are 
 a troop of these ignorant Doradoes of that 
 true esteem and value as many a forlorn 
 person whose condition doth place him be- 
 neath their feet. Brown, Reliyio Medici, 
 Pt. II. sect. 1. 
 
 DORFLY, cockchafer. 
 
 This forest was most horribly fertile and 
 copious in dorjlies, hornets, and wasps. 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xvi. 
 
 DOR-HAWK, night-hawk. 
 
 The dor-hawk, solitary bird, 
 
 Round the dim crags on heavy pinions wheel- 
 ing, 
 
 "With untired voi( e sin^s an unvaried tune ;
 
 DORME 
 
 DOULCURE 
 
 Those burring notes are all that can be heard 
 
 In silence deeper far than that of deepest 
 
 noon. Wordsworth, The Wayyoner, c. i. 
 
 DORME, a doze. 
 
 Not a calm and soft sleep like that which 
 our God giveth His beloved ones, but as the 
 slumbering dormes of a sick man, very short, 
 and those also interrupted with a medley of 
 cross and confused fancies. Sanderson, i. 
 146. 
 
 DORMER, demurrer (?). 
 
 These lawyers have such delatory and 
 forren pleas, such dormers, such quibs 
 [quips ?] and quiddits. Greene, Quip for 
 Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 407). 
 
 DORMIENT, dormant. 
 
 Books were not published then so soon as 
 they were written, but lay most commonly 
 dormient many years. Bramhall, ii. 142. 
 
 DORMITION, slumber. 
 
 Wert thou disposed ... to plead, not so 
 much for the utter extinction as for the dor- 
 mitione of the soul. Bp. Hall, Works,\\i. 295. 
 
 DOTEL, dotard. 
 
 For so false a doctrine so foolish unlearned 
 a drunken dotel is a meet schoolmaster. 
 Pilkinyton, p. 586. 
 
 DOTES, endowments. Sidney himself 
 puts the word into the mouth of a pe- 
 dantic schoolmaster. 
 
 Corydon. Sing then, and shew these goodly 
 
 dotes in thee, 
 With which thy brainless youth can equal 
 
 me. 
 Menalcas. ..... 
 
 The dotes, old dotard, I can bring to prove 
 My self deserv's that choice, are onely love. 
 E. .ff.'s Continuation of Sidney's 
 
 Arcadia, p. 516. 
 
 Now the thunder-thumping Jove trans- 
 fund his dotes into your excellent formositie. 
 Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 DOTTLE, " the refuse of a pipe of 
 tobacco which is left at the bottom of 
 the pipe " (Jamieson). This meaning 
 scarcely seems to suit the second ex- 
 tract. 
 
 A snuffer-tray containing scraps of half- 
 smoked tobacco, " pipe dottles," as he called 
 them, which were carefully resmoked over 
 and over again, till nothing but ash was left. 
 C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. vi. 
 
 Just when you wake from a dreamless 
 sleep beneath the forest boughs, as the east 
 begins to blaze, and the magpie gets musical, 
 you dash to the embers of last night's fire, 
 and after blowing many firesticks, find one 
 which is alight, and proceed to send abroad 
 on the morning breeze the scene of last 
 night's dottle. H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamhjn, 
 ch. six. 
 
 DOUBLE. To double ears to close 
 them (as with wearisome talk). 
 
 This that I tell you is rather to solace your 
 eares with pretie conceits after a sort of long 
 scholasticall preceptes which may happen 
 have doubled them, rather then for any other 
 purpose. Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 DOUBLE-JOE. The Portuguese coin 
 Joannes is worth about 36s. A double- 
 Joe would = in value a Spanish doub- 
 loon. 
 
 Haply he deems no eye can see 
 The shining store of glittering ore, 
 The fair rose-noble, the bright moidore, 
 And the broad Double- Joe from ayont the sea. 
 Jnyoldsby Let/ends (Hand of Glory). 
 
 DOUBLET, a false jewel. See Hudi- 
 bras, II. i. 601, with note in Grey's 
 edition. 
 
 You may have a brass ring gilt with a 
 doublet (yemmd facticid) for a small matter. 
 Hailey's Erasmus, p. 330. 
 
 DOUBT, redoubt. 
 
 Forward be all your hands, 
 Urge one another. This doubt down that 
 
 now betwixt us stands, 
 Jove will go with us to their walls. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xii. 286. 
 
 DOUCENESS, sweetness. 
 
 Some luscious delight, yea, a kind of ravish- 
 ing douceness there is in studying good books. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 166. 
 
 DOUGH-BAKED, imperfectly baked, and 
 so, deficient in intellect. Cf. HALF- 
 BAKED. 
 
 [Love can] make these douyli-baked, sense 
 less, indocile animals, women, too hard for 
 us their politic lords and rulers. Wyclierley, 
 Country Wife, iv. 4. 
 
 The devil take thee for an insensible 
 dough-baked v&flei \-Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 loice, vii. 131. 
 
 As to your milksops, your douyli-laked 
 lovers, who stay at home and strut among 
 the women, when glory is to be gained in 
 the martial field, I despise them with all my 
 heart. Hid., Grandison, i. 89. 
 
 DOUKE. " The yellow douke or carot " 
 is Holland's parenthetical explanation 
 of the plant which " the Latines name 
 the French parsnip, but the Greekes 
 Daucus " {Pliny, xix. 5). 
 
 DOULCURE, sweetness, gentleness. L. 
 has dulcour as a rare word, with ex- 
 ample from Addison. 
 
 I have given special order to the judges 
 for sweetness and doulcure to the English 
 Catholicks Racket, Life of Williams, i. 116.
 
 DO UP 
 
 ( 200 ) 
 
 DOUP, bottom, or broad end (Scotch). 
 The word in the original is coque, or 
 shell. 
 
 Was not Minerva born of the brain, even 
 through the ear of Jove ? Adonis of the 
 bark of a myrrh tree, and Castor and Pollux 
 of the doupe of that egg which was laid and 
 hatched by Leda? Vrquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 I. vi. 
 
 DOVE-MONGER, a seller of doves. 
 
 We first fix our eyes on this purging of 
 the temple from dove-mongers, money-chang- 
 ers, and such as sold sheep and oxen therein. 
 Fuller, Pisyah Sight, III. ix. 9. 
 
 DOVER COURT. N., after quoting 
 from Ray the proverb, " Dover-court, 
 all speakers and no hearers," doubts 
 whether the reference is to Doyercourt 
 in Essex, or to some court at Dover 
 rendered tumultuous by the numerous 
 resort of seamen. North certainly un- 
 derstood it of Dover. 
 
 They were at variance before the sheriff, 
 as in the proverbial court at Dover, all speak- 
 ers and no hearers. liorth, Examen, p. 517. 
 
 I thought the whole room was a very per- 
 fect resemblance of Dover-court, where all 
 speak, but nobody heard or answered. T. 
 Brown, Works, III. 66. 
 
 DOWDE, a slatternly woman. 
 
 Except Phoebus (which is the sonne) had 
 oughed Voconius a shame, he would neuer 
 haue suffreed him to begette soche foule 
 babies and oule faced doudes as all the worlde 
 should afterward wondre at. UdaFs Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 344. 
 
 Doest thou, being faire, murmure at the 
 preferment of a foule one, and in thy rage 
 calle her foule dowde? Breton, A Murmurer, 
 p. 9. 
 
 DOWGATE. The devil of Dowgate. 
 In Dekkers Satiromastix (Hawki)is, 
 Hi. 140), Tucca, addressing a woman 
 by various names out of old story- 
 books, calls her, among the rest, " My 
 little devil a 1 Dowgate" 
 
 He does so raffle before my mistress with 
 his barbarian eloquence, and strut before her 
 in a pair of Polonian legs, as if he were a 
 gentleman-usher to the Great Turk, or the 
 devil of Dowgate. Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, 
 Eng. Dr., iii. 342). 
 
 DOWL. See extract. H. gives " doul, 
 a wooden pin or plug to fasten planks 
 with." 
 
 These boards are glued together and dowled 
 (fastened to each other by plugs like the 
 head of a cask) to prevent warping. Arch., 
 xxxvi. 458. 
 
 DOWL, a great blotch. Jamieson 
 
 gives, " Dowl, a large piece, as dowles 
 of cheese." 
 
 His hat (though blacke) lookes like a medley 
 
 hat, 
 For black's the ground, which sparingly ap- 
 
 peares, 
 
 Then heer's a dowle, and there a dabb of fat, 
 Which as vnhansom hangs about his eares. 
 Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 19. 
 
 DOWN, to be down upon ones luck 
 = to despond. 
 
 _ Mr. Eden, on the contrary, wore a sombre 
 air. Hawes noticed it, mistook it, and pointed 
 it out to Fry. " He is down upon his luck ; 
 he knows he is coming to an end." Reade, 
 Never too late to mend, ch. xxiii. 
 
 DOWNBEARD, the winged seed of the 
 thistle or sow-thistle. 
 
 It is frightful to think how every idle 
 volume flies abroad like an idle globular 
 downleard, embryo of new millions ; every 
 word of it a potential seed of infinite new 
 downbeards and volumes. Carlvle, Misc.. iv. 
 263. 
 
 DOWNCOME, heavy fall ; often used 
 colloquially of a pouring rain. 
 
 Whenever the pope shall fall, if his ruin 
 be not like the sudden downcome of a tower, 
 the bishops, when they see him tottering, 
 will leave him. Milton, Reformation in Eny., 
 
 DOWN-SET, nadir or lowest point. 
 
 The rebels . . . thought it their best and 
 safest course straightly to besiege it : for the 
 Earle supposed it was the most important 
 place to offend and annoy them, as that both 
 his honour and his fortunes were for ever at 
 their doicn-set if he might not recover it. 
 Holland's Camden, vol. ii. p. 128. 
 
 DOWN-WEIGHT, full weight. 
 
 For every ounce of vanity they shall receive 
 downweight a pound of sorrow. Adams, i. 
 310. 
 
 It was not possible that one should be more 
 liberal than Dean Williams was in attributing 
 due and down-weight to every man's gifts. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 59. 
 
 DOWNY, having downs ; the word 
 usually = soft as down. 
 
 Halldown . . . seems to be the same vein 
 of land of which the Forest of Dartmore, 
 and the downy part of Ashburton, Islington, 
 Bridford, &c., consist. Defoe, Tour thro' Gt. 
 Britain, i. 382. 
 
 Do WORD, to tell. 
 
 Assure thyself that when we come to the 
 King, we will do him word of this thy be- 
 haviour. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, i. 176. 
 
 DOWSEPER, one of the douzepairs of 
 Charlemagne. H. has examples of it
 
 DO WSING 
 
 ( 201 ) DRAMATURGIST 
 
 in this literal meaning, s. v. dozeper. 
 Bale uses it contemptuously for a 
 champion. 
 
 No wise man will think that Christ will 
 dwell in a mouse, nor yet that a mouse can 
 dwell in Christ, though it be the doctrine of 
 these doughty dowsepers. Hale, Select Works, 
 p. 155. 
 
 DOWSING, a thrashing. The word 
 is more often applied to putting out a 
 candle ; " dowse the glim " is slang or 
 thieves' cant for this. Some of the 
 quotations in R., s. v. doivse, show that 
 the word was in use before Mr. Dows- 
 ing's time (Aug. Sax., dwcesean, to 
 extinguish). 
 
 A certain William Dowsing, who during 
 the Great Rebellion was one of the Parlia- 
 mentary visitors for demolishing superstitious 
 pictures and ornaments of churches, is sup- 
 posed by a learned critic to have given use to 
 an expression in common use among school- 
 boys and blackguards. For this worshipful 
 commissioner broke so many " mighty great 
 angels " in glass, knocked so many apostles 
 and cherubims to pieces, demolished so many 
 pictures and stone crosses, and boasted with 
 such puritanical rancour of what he had done, 
 that it is conjectured the threat of giving 
 anypne a dowsing preserves his rascally name. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 DOZZLED, dazed, bewildered. 
 
 In such a perplexity every man asks his 
 fellow, What's best to be done ? and, being 
 dazzled with fear, thinks every man wiser 
 than himself. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 
 142. 
 
 DRABBLE. H. has drabble, to draggle 
 in the mire ; the noun probably means 
 much the same as rabble. 
 
 He thought some Presbyterian rabble 
 In test-repealing spite were come to flout 
 
 him, 
 Or some fierce Methodistic drabble. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 54. 
 
 DRABLED, draggled, limp with moist- 
 ure. 
 
 The next day following, if it were faire, 
 they would cloud the whole skie with can- 
 vas by spreading their drabled sailes in the 
 full clue abroad a-drying. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 149). 
 
 DRACONICALLY, severely, after the 
 manner of Draco. 
 
 They were also in their judicial courts 
 equally tyrannous ; the one in the Chancery, 
 the other in the High Commission ; both of 
 them at the Council-board and in the Star- 
 chamber alike draconically supercilious. 
 Wolsey and Laud, 1641 (Harl. Misc., iv. 
 509). 
 
 DRAFFLE-SACKED, filled with draff, or 
 hogs wash. 
 
 Wo be to that glutton which, enfarcing his 
 own stinking and drafflesacked belly with all 
 kind of pleasant and dainty dishes, suflfer- 
 eth his poor needy neighbour to perish for 
 hunger. Becon, ii. 591. 
 
 DRAFFSACK, a sack full of hog's wash, 
 so a gross, greedy fellow. See H. s. v. 
 
 I bade menne to approche, and not donnge- 
 hylles or draffesackes. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 93. 
 
 DRAFTY, pertaining to a draught or 
 jakes. 
 
 Are there not diuerse skauingers of draftye 
 poetrye in this cure age? Stanyhurst, Virgil, 
 Dedic. 
 
 DRAGSMAN, driver of a drag or coach. 
 
 He had a word for the hostler about " that 
 grey mare," a nod for the shooter or guard, 
 and a bow for the drac/sman. Thackeray, 
 Shabby Genteel Story, ch. i. 
 
 DRAGSTAFF, a brake or scotcher. 
 
 The coach wanting a dragstaff, it ran back 
 in spite of all the coachman's skill. Defoe, 
 Tour thro' G. Brit., ii. 297. j 
 
 DRAIN, a drink (slang). 
 
 Those two old men who came in " just to 
 have a drain " finished their third quartern 
 a few seconds ago. Sketches by Boz (Gin- 
 shops). 
 
 DRAM, to indulge in or ply with 
 drams. 
 
 It is loving melancholy till it is not strong 
 enough, and he grows to dram with horror. 
 Walpole, Letters, Aug. 28, 1752. 
 
 Matron of matrons, Martha Baggs ! 
 Drain your poor newsman clad in rags. 
 Warton, JVeicsman's Verses for 1770. 
 
 He will soon sink ; I foresaw what would 
 come of his dramming. Foote, The Bankrupt, 
 iii. 2. 
 
 The parents in that fine house are getting 
 ready their daughter for sale, . . . praying 
 her, and imploring her, and dramming her, 
 and coaxing her. Thackeray, The Newcomes, 
 ch. xxviii. 
 
 DRAMATURGIC, histrionic, and so un- 
 real. 
 
 Our Assembly of Divines sitting earnestly 
 deliberative ever since June last will direct 
 us what form of worship we are to adopt ; 
 some form, it is to be hoped, not grown 
 dramaturgic to us, but still awfully symbol- 
 ical for us. Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 145. 
 
 DRAMATURGIST, contriver of a drama. 
 
 How silent now ; all departed, clean gone ! 
 The 'World.- Dramaturgist has written, Exeunt. 
 Carlyle, Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. ii.
 
 DRAMATURGY ( 202 ) 
 
 DRICKS2E 
 
 DRAMATURGY, histrionism ; theatri- 
 calness. 
 
 The Millenary petition . . . and various 
 other petitions to his Majesty by persons of 
 pious straitened consciences had been pre- 
 sented ; craving relief in some ceremonial 
 points, which, as they found no warrant for 
 them in the Bible, they suspected, with a 
 very natural shudder in that case, to savour 
 of idol-worship and mimetic dramaturgy. 
 Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 29. 
 
 DRASH. to thrash. H. gives it as a 
 Somerset word, but the extract is in the 
 dialect of the next county, Devon. 
 Now Hawtry took a world of pain, 
 He did zo drash about his brain, 
 That was not over-stored. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 157. 
 
 DRATTLE, a mild imprecation. H. 
 suggests that it may be a corruption of 
 throttle ; perhaps, however, it is a fre- 
 quentative form of drat. 
 
 Drattle 'em ; thaay be mwore trouble than 
 they be wuth. Hughes, Tom Brown at Ox- 
 ford, ch. xxiii. 
 
 DRAUGHTS, draught-cattle (?). 
 
 The officers and soldiers . . . shall be 
 accomodate with draughts in their march. 
 Rushworth, Hist. Coll. (1644), v. 649. 
 
 DRAW, a feeler ; something designed 
 to draw on a person to show or reveal 
 what otherwise might be hidden. 
 
 This was what in modern days is called a 
 draw. It was a guess put boldly forth as 
 fact, to elicit by the young man's answer 
 whether he had been there lately or not. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. v. 
 
 DRAWGLOVE. Drawyloves was a 
 game something like talking on the 
 fingers : it is frequently referred to by 
 Herrick. See N. The subjoined is a 
 late instance, even if we take, not the 
 date of the book, but the time in which 
 the scene is laid, viz., subsequent to the 
 Revolution of 1688. The singular 
 form is also noticeable. 
 
 After dinner the children were set to 
 questions and commands ; but here our hero 
 was beaten hollow, as he was afterward at 
 drawglove and shuffle the slipper. H. Brooke, 
 Fool of Quality, i. 21. 
 
 DRAWING, being drawn. For a similar 
 use of the participle by Miss Austen, 
 see BRINGING, CARRYING. 
 
 Precedents are searching and plans drawing 
 up for that purpose. Walpole, Letters, i. 94 
 (1741). 
 
 DKAWLATCH. This word as a substan- 
 tive = thief is in the Diets. ; but it is 
 
 used by Nashe as a verb = to creep in 
 furtively. See extract s. v. BAWWAW. 
 
 DREADNOUGHT, see quotation. 
 
 Look at him in a great-coat of the closest 
 texture that the looms of Leeds could fur- 
 nish one of those dreadnoughts the utility 
 of which sets fashion at defiance. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. Ivii. 
 
 Her pleasant face peeped over the collar 
 and capes of a stout dreadnought. Lytton, 
 My Novel, Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 DREARYSOME, dreary. 
 Who roams the old ruins this drearysome 
 night? 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends ( Witches' Frolic). 
 
 DREDGERMAN, one engaged in dredg- 
 ing. 
 
 In these courts they appoint . . . the quan- 
 tity [of oysters] each Dredyerman shall take 
 in a day, which is usually called Setting the 
 Stint. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Brit., i. 150. 
 
 DRESSER, a hospital student or attend- 
 ant who dresses wounds. 
 
 The magistrate and clerk were bowed in 
 by the house-surgeon and a couple of young 
 men who smelt very strong of tobacco- 
 smoke ; they were introduced as " dressers." 
 Sketches by Boz (The Hospital Patient). 
 
 DRESSING, scolding ; chastisement. 
 
 If ever I meet him again, I will give him 
 such a dressing as he has not had this many 
 a day. Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ch. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 DRIBBET, driblet. 
 
 Their poor pittances are injuriously com- 
 pounded, and slowly payd by dribbetx, and 
 with infinite delayes. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 143. 
 
 DRIBBLEMENT, a trifle. 
 
 To shun spight I smothered these dribble- 
 ments. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 
 153). 
 
 DRIBBLER, one who weakly maun- 
 ders ; a driveller. 
 
 The aspirants and wranglers at the bar, 
 the dribblers and the spit-fires (these are of 
 both sorts), . . . what opinion will they pro- 
 nounce in their utter ignorance of the author? 
 Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter vii. 
 
 DRIBLETING, coming drop by drop, 
 and so meagre, scanty. 
 
 That biting poverty or tenuity of their 
 worldly condition . . . hardly to be relieved 
 by those driblt'ting pittances. Gauden, Tears 
 of (lie Church, p. 276. 
 
 DRICKSIE, dwarfish : stunted (?). 
 Dreich or Droich is a Scotch word for 
 dwarf. See Jamieson.
 
 DRIGE 
 
 ( 203 ) 
 
 DROWNDED 
 
 "We liken a young childe to a greene 
 twigge which ye may easi.ie bende euery 
 way ye list: or an old man who laboureth 
 with continuall infirmities to a drie and 
 dricksie oke. Puttenltam, Eny. Poesie, Bk. 
 III. ch. xix. 
 
 DRIGE, drag (?). 
 
 Suppose the gentleman wants pence, he 
 [the sergeant] will eyther have a pawue, or 
 else driije him to the counter. Greene, Quip 
 for Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 408). 
 
 DRINGLE. John Dringle seems to 
 belong to the same family as Tom 
 Noddy. To dringle is to dawdle. 
 
 O but (sayth another John Dringle) there 
 is a booke of the Ked Herring's Taile printed 
 four terms since, that made this stale. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 145). 
 
 DRIRIMANCY. 
 
 There learned I dririmancy, scatomancy, 
 pathology, therapeusis, and, greater than all, 
 anatomy. lieade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. 
 xx vi. 
 
 DRIZZLE, light, small rain. 
 Besides why could you not for drizzle pray ? 
 "Why force it down in buckets on the hay j* 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 160. 
 
 DROIT, a due. 
 
 The pilferings of the orchard and garden 
 I confiscated as droits. Marryat. Fr. Mild- 
 may, ch. i. 
 
 DROLLIC, pertaining to a droll or 
 puppet-show. 
 
 "Wild . . took forth . . . one of those 
 beautiful necklaces with which at the fair of 
 Bartholomew they deck the well-whitened 
 neck of Thalestris, Queen of the Amazons, 
 Anna Bullen, Queen Elizabeth, or some 
 other high princess in drollic story. Field- 
 ing, Jonathan Wild, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 DRONE, drone-pipe or bagpipe. 
 
 The harmony of them that pipe in record- 
 ers, flutes, and drones, and the shrill shout 
 of trumpets, waites, and shawms, shall no 
 more be heard in thee to the delight of men. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 536. 
 
 DROOL, to drivel. H. gives it as a 
 Somersetshire word. 
 
 There the slave-holder finds the chief 
 argument for his ownership of men, and in 
 Africa or New England kidnaps the weak, 
 his mouth drooling with texts. Theod. Parker 
 (Life by Dean, p. 159). 
 
 DROP. A foal is technically said to 
 be dropped when it is born. 
 
 I will allow my aunt to be the most polite, 
 intellectual, delicate - minded old lady in 
 creation, my dearest father, if you wish it ; 
 only, not having been born (I beg her par- 
 don, dropped^ in a racing-stable as she was 
 
 herself, I can hardly appreciate her conversa- 
 tion always. H. Kinystey, Ravenshoe, ch. v. 
 
 Who but Tom could have lit the old man's 
 face up with a smile with the history of a 
 new colt that my lord's mare Thetis had 
 dropped last week ? Ibid., Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 DROP. To have a drop in the eye = 
 to be drunk. 
 
 Nev. O faith, Colonel, you must own you 
 had a drop in your eye, for when I left you 
 you were half seas over. Sirift, Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv. i.). 
 
 DROPLESS, seems applied in the ex- 
 tract to damp which comes insensibly 
 in the air, as distinguished from that 
 caused by rain. 
 
 You, O ye wingless Airs, that creep between 
 The rigid stems of heath and bitten furze, 
 "Within whose scanty shade, at summer-noon, 
 The mother-sheep hath worn a hollow bed 
 Ye that now cool her fleece with dropless 
 
 damp, 
 Now pant and murmur with her feeding 
 
 lamb. Colei-idye, The Picture. 
 
 DROPLING, little drop. 
 Kightly to speak, what Man we call and 
 
 count, 
 
 It is a beamling of Diuinity, 
 It is a dropling of th' Eternall Fount 
 It is a moatling hatcht of th' Vnity. 
 
 Sylvester, Quadrains of Pibrac, st. 13. 
 
 DROP-RIPE, so ripe as to be ready to 
 drop off the tree. 
 
 The fruit was now drop-ripe we may say, 
 and fell by a shake. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 274. 
 
 DROPSY-DRY, thirsty through dropsy. 
 Many dropsy-drie forbeare to drinke 
 Because they know their ill 'twould aggra- 
 vate. Dames, Microcosmos, p. 25. 
 
 DROWL, to utter in a mournful man- 
 ner ; perhaps connected with drawl. 
 
 O sons and daughters of Jerusalem, drotcl 
 out an elegy for good King Josias ! Racket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 224. 
 
 DROWNAGE, submersion. 
 
 An example to us all, not of lamed misery, 
 helpless spiritual bewilderment, and sprawl- 
 ing despair, or any kind of drownage in the 
 foul water of our so called religious or other 
 controversies and confusions, but of a swift 
 and valiant vanquisher of all these. Carlyle, 
 Life of Sterling, Pt. I. ch. i. 
 
 DROWNDED, a common vulgarism for 
 drowned. 
 
 In my own Thames may I be drownded, 
 If e'er I stoop beneath a crown'd head. 
 
 Stcift, Pastoral Dialogue.
 
 DROWNER 
 
 ( 2 4 ) 
 
 DUCK 
 
 Take pity upon poor Miss ; don't throw 
 water on a drownded rat. Ibid., Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv. i.). 
 
 " My brother Joe was his father," said Mr. 
 Peggotty. " Dead, Mr. Peggotty ? " I hinted, 
 after a respectful pause. " Drmcndead," said 
 Mr. Peggotty. Dickens, David Copperjield, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 DROWNER. See extract. 
 
 In June last a further discovery was made 
 by Robert Wallau, the drowner or person in 
 charge of the water meadows. Archceol., 
 xxriv. 259 (1851). 
 
 DROWSE, a slumber. 
 
 On a sudden many a voice along the street, 
 And heel against the pavement echoing, 
 
 broke 
 Their drowse. Tennyson, Geraint and Enid. 
 
 DROWSY-EVIL, lethargy. 
 
 If a man or woman be brought to extreme 
 oblivion, as they be that have the disease 
 called Lethargus or the drowsy e-evill. Touch- 
 stone of Complexions, p. 126. 
 
 DROY, to labour ; usually written 
 droil. 
 
 He which can in office drudge and droy. 
 
 Gascoigne, Steele Glasse, p. 68. 
 
 DRUDGER, a drageoir or bonbon box 
 in which comfits (dragees) were kept. 
 See Lord Braybrooke's note in loc. 
 
 To London, and there among other things 
 did look over some pictures at Cade's for my 
 house, and did carry home a silver drudger 
 for my cupboard of plate. fepys, Feb. 2, 
 1665-6. 
 
 DRUGGEL, a term of reproach. 
 
 Slapsauce fellows, slabberdegullion drug- 
 gels, lubbardly louts. Urquharfs Ralelais, 
 Bk. I. ch. xxv. 
 
 DRUM, a drummer. 
 
 I was brought from prison into the town 
 of Xeres by two drums and a hundred shot. 
 Peake, Three to One, 1625 (Arber, Eny. 
 Garner, i. 633). 
 
 DRUM. Drunk as a drum = very 
 drunk ; for similar comparisons see s. v. 
 DRUNK. We say tight as a drum, re- 
 ferring to the tension of the skin : 
 tight is also slang for drunk, but per- 
 haps there is no connection between 
 the two phrases. See extract from 
 Cotton, s. v. WHEELBARBOW. 
 
 You must know that the fellow got pre- 
 sently as drunk as a drum; so I had him 
 tumbled into a chair, and ordered the fellows 
 to carry him home. Farquhar, Sir Henry 
 Wildair, iv. 2. 
 
 DRUMBLE-DRONE, a drone. 
 
 Oh, Mr. Gary, we have all known your 
 
 pleasant ways, ever since you used to put 
 drum ble - drones into my desk to Bideford 
 school. C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xviii. 
 
 DRUM-ROOM, ball-room. 
 
 The bonny housemaid begins to repair the 
 disordered drum-room. Fielding, Tom Jones, 
 Bk. XI. ch. ix. 
 
 DRUNK, see s. w. DAVID'S sow, DRUM, 
 FISH, LORD, PIPER, RAT, WHEELBARROW. 
 
 DRY, bloodless. The extract refers 
 to a war carried on by excommunica- 
 tions and the like. 
 
 Thus are both sides busied in this drie 
 warre, wherein, though there were no sword, 
 yet it gave vexation ynough. Daniel, Hist, 
 of Eng., p. 75. 
 
 DRY-DITCH, to labour without result, 
 as those who vainly dig for water. 
 
 There would be no end to repeat with how 
 many quarrels this unfortunate Bishop was 
 provok'd, yet his adversaries did but dry- 
 ditch their matters, and digged in vain, 
 though they still cast up earth. Socket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 98. 
 
 How many offers of accordance did he 
 make in that very instant ! how many mes- 
 sengers were posted to London ! which was 
 no better than to dry-ditch the business, for 
 every offer of grace made his enemies 
 haughty./^., ii. 188. 
 
 DUALIST, one who holds two offices. 
 
 He was a Duallist in that Convent (and if 
 a Pluralist no ingenious person would have 
 envied him) being Canter of that Church, 
 and Library-Keeper therein. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Wilts (ii. 448). 
 
 DUARCHY, the rule of two persons. 
 Cf. TRIARCHY. 
 
 A duarchie in the Church (viz. two Arch- 
 bishops equal in power) being inconsistent 
 with a mouarchie in the state, they have 
 ever countenanced the superiority of Canter- 
 bury. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. ii. 3. 
 
 DUBITATE, to doubt. 
 
 What dubitating, what circumambulating ! 
 These whole six noisy months (for it began 
 with Brienne in July) has not Report fol- 
 lowed Report, and one proclamation flown in 
 the teeth of the other? Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. I. Bk. IV. ch. i. 
 
 Much in these two hours depends on Bou- 
 il!6 ; as it shall now fare with him, the whole 
 future may be this way or be that. If, for 
 example, he were to loiter dubitating and not 
 come ; if he were to come and fail. Ibid., 
 Pt. II. Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 DUCK. A lame duck is Stock Ex- 
 change slang- for a defaulter. The two 
 first quotations belong to the same 
 year.
 
 DUCK AND DRAKE ( 205 ) DULCETNESS 
 
 I may be lame, but I shall never be a duck, 
 nor deal in the garbage of the alley. Wai- 
 pole, Letters, iii. 377 (1771). 
 The gaming fools are doves, the knaves are 
 
 rooks, 
 Change-alley bankrupts waddle out lame 
 
 ducks. 
 Garrick, Prologue to Footers Maid of Bath. 
 
 Unless I see Amelia's ten thousand down 
 you don't marry her. I'll have no lame 
 duck's daughter in my family. Thackeray, 
 Vanity Fair, ch. xiii. 
 
 DUCK AND DRAKE, to waste idly ; to 
 throw away anything, as children do 
 the stones in the game of that name. 
 
 I would neither fawn on money for 
 money's sake, nor duck and drake it away 
 for a frolick. Gentleman Instructed, p. 18. 
 
 Is it then no harm to saunter away our 
 lives, and like children, duck and drake away 
 a treasure able to buy Paradise ? Ibid. p. 
 116. 
 
 DUCK'S-MEAT, a term of reproach, 
 ducks not being clean feeders. 
 
 Here's your first weapon, ducksmeat! 
 Massinger, Old Law, III. ii. 
 
 DUDDLE. H. says "to make luke- 
 warm," it may therefore in the extract 
 = to check or repulse, but perhaps it 
 is meant for dudder, to shake. See E., 
 who, however, has it only as a neuter 
 verb. Patton says that the Scots were 
 provided with rattles to frighten the 
 horses of the English cavalry ; 
 
 Howbeit because the riders were no babies, 
 nor their horses any colts, they could neither 
 duddle the one nor affray the other. Exped. 
 to Scott., 1547 (Eng. Garner, iii. 129). 
 
 DUDDLE, nipple (of the breast). 
 
 Then to his lips Madge held the bottle, 
 On which he suckt as child at duddle. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, p. 242. 
 
 DUDDLES, rags. 
 
 So good men now, searching the festered 
 cankers, and ripping the stinking duddles of 
 popery for a time, smell evil in the noses of 
 the wicked. Pilkington, p. 212. 
 
 DUELSOME, given to duelling. 
 
 Incorrigibly duelsome on his own account, 
 he is for others the most acute and peaceable 
 counsellor in the world. Thackeray, Paris 
 Sketchbook, ch. ii. 
 
 DUE-TIMELY, in good time. 
 I have for both been carefull to provide ; 
 Their extreme thirst due-timely to refresh, 
 Conducting them vnto a fountaine fresh. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 1002. 
 
 DUFFER, a fool or blunderer: pro- 
 perly a pedlar; then, a hawker of 
 
 sham jewellery, watches without 
 works, &c. The Slang Diet, says, " It 
 is mentioned in the Frauds of London 
 (1760) as a word in frequent use in the 
 last century to express cheats of all 
 kinds." An example of its use in this 
 last sense by Dickens will be found s, v* 
 CANNIBALIO. 
 
 "And do you get 800 for a small pic- 
 ture ? " Mackenzie asked severely. " Well, 
 no," Johnny said, with a laugh, " but then I 
 am a duffer." Black, Princess of Thule, ch. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 DUKER. The Diet. Rusticum (1704) 
 says " Ducker or Doucker is a kind of 
 cock that in fighting will run about the 
 clod [i. e. pit] almost at every blow he 
 gives." This term seems in the ex- 
 tract to be transferred to a fidgetty, 
 restless horse. 
 
 Do you love a spurr'd horse better than a 
 duker that neighs and scrapes. Killigrew, 
 Parson's Wedding, V. iv. 
 
 DUKERY, duchy. E. has ducliery, 
 with a quotation from Fabyan. A 
 certain district in Nottinghamshire is 
 called the Dukery from having had 
 several ducal residences in the vicinity. 
 See second extract. 
 
 The Albertine line, electoral though it now 
 was, made apanages, subdivisions, unintel- 
 ligible little dukes and dukeries of a similar 
 kind. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 359. 
 
 The Dukeries still exist, but they are little 
 more than a geographical expression. Wei- 
 beck Abbey is the last of those palaces for 
 which this part of England was formerly 
 famous. Thoresby, indeed, remains, but it 
 is not the Thoresby of old. Nor has it now 
 a ducal occupant, and the successor of their 
 Graces of Kingston is Earl Manvers. Clum- 
 ber continues under the shadow of a domestic 
 eclipse. Worksop Manor has changed hands 
 more than once in the last fifty years, and is 
 now the property of a Commoner. Of Kive- 
 tou Hall, where once the Duke of Leeds 
 dwelt, not one stone is left standing upon 
 another. Standard, Dec. 8, 1879. 
 
 DULCE, to soothe. 
 
 Severus, . . . (because he would not leave 
 an enemie behind at his backe) . . . wisely 
 with good foresight dulceth and kindly in- 
 treateth the men. Holland's Camden, p. 68. 
 
 DULCET, sweet-bread. 
 Thee stagg upbreaking they slit to the 
 dulcet or inchepyn. Stanyhurst, _J?., i. 218. 
 
 DULCETNESS, sweetness. 
 
 Be it so that there were no discommodities 
 mingled with the commodities ; yet as I be- 
 fore have said, the brevity and short time
 
 DULLER Y 
 
 ( 206 ) 
 
 DUNG-FARMED 
 
 that we have to use them should assuage 
 their dulcetness. Bradford, i. 338. 
 
 DULLERY, dulness ; stupidity. 
 
 Master Antitus of Cresseplots was licen- 
 tiated, and had passed his degrees in all 
 dullery and blockishness. Urquhart's Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. II. ch. xi. 
 
 DULLISH, rather dull or phlegmatic. 
 
 They are somewhat heavy in motion and 
 dullish, which must be imputed to the quality 
 of the clime. Howell, Parly of JSeasts, p. 12. 
 
 DULLY, dull. 
 
 Far off she seem'd to hear the dully sound 
 Of human footsteps fall. 
 
 Tennyson, Palace of Art. 
 
 DUMBLEDORE, humble bee. 
 
 Betsey called it [monk's-hood] the dumble- 
 dore's delight, and was not aware that the 
 plant in whose helmet rather than cowl 
 shaped flowers that busy and best-natured of 
 all insects appears to revel more than in any 
 other is the deadly aconite of which we read 
 in poetry. Southey, The Doctor, ch. cviii. 
 
 DUMB WAITER, a revolving tray on 
 which various articles are placed. 
 
 A number of servants then vanished on 
 the instant, leaving a dumb waiter of silver 
 behind them. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 
 260. 
 
 DUMP, to grieve ; to sulk. 
 
 With choloricque fretting I dumpt and 
 ranckled in anguish. Stanyhurst, ^En., ii. 
 103. 
 
 DUMPING, dulness. 
 
 Diogenes had more phansy to note the 
 brutish grossenesse and dumping of the 
 minde. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 128. 
 
 DUMPS, money (slang). 
 May I venture to say when a gentleman 
 
 jumps 
 In the river at midnight for want of the 
 
 dumps, 
 He rarely puts on his knee-breeches and 
 
 pumps. Inyoldsby Legends (Sir Rupert). 
 
 DUMPS, marbles. The second sense 
 of low spirits or surliness on which 
 Hood's pun is founded is very common. 
 Thy taws are brave, thy tops are rare, 
 Our tops are spun with coils of care, 
 Our dumps are no delight. 
 
 Hood, Ode on Prospect of Clapham 
 Academy. 
 
 DUMPS. Gay's third Pastoral is en- 
 titled " Wednesday, or the Dumps," on 
 which he has the jocose note which 
 forms the extract. 
 
 Dumps or Diimls, made use of to express a 
 fit of the Sullens. Some have pretended 
 that it is derived from Dumops, a King of 
 
 Egypt that built a Pyramid, and dy'd of 
 Melancholy. So Mopes after the same 
 manner is thought to have come from 
 Merops, another Egyptian King that dy'd 
 of the same distemper; but our English 
 Antiquaries have conjectured that Dumps, 
 which is a grievous heaviness of spirits, 
 comes from the word Dumplin, the heaviest 
 kind of pudding that is eaten in this coun- 
 try, much used in Norfolk, and other 
 counties of England. 
 
 DUMPTY, short and thick. Dumpy 
 is more usual. 
 
 Mary comes in ; a little dumpty body with 
 a yellow face and a red nose. C. Kingsley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. xxv. 
 
 DUNCICAL, stupid. See DUNSLY. 
 
 Many godly-minded persons ... by the 
 persuasions of certain discreet and modest 
 brothers have been made of Eomish idolaters 
 and diligent students of duncical dregs, dis- 
 ciples of great hope in the sincere and true 
 evangelic doctrine. Coverdale, i. 426. 
 
 This neck-question as I may term it, the 
 most dull and duncicall Commissioner was 
 able to aske. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VIII. ii. 26. 
 
 I have no patience with the foolish dun- 
 deal dog. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, viii. 100. 
 
 DUNPERBOLT, a celt or fossil belem- 
 nite. 
 
 For " the reumatis " boiled dunderbolt is 
 the sovereign remedy, at least in the West of 
 Cornwall. I knew an old woman who used 
 to boil a celt (vulgarly a dunderbolt or thun- 
 derbolt) for some hours, and then dispense 
 her water to the diseased. Polwhele, Tradi- 
 tions and Recollections, ii. 607 (1826). 
 
 DUNE, ridge ; mound. See R. s. v. 
 doton, and L. s. v. dun. 
 
 The Spaniards neared and neared the fatal 
 dunes which fringed the shore for many a 
 dreary mile. C. Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. 
 xxxi. 
 
 Out beyond them flush'd 
 The long low dune, and lazy-plunging sea. 
 Tennyson, Last Tournament. 
 
 DUNGEONER, gaoler. 
 
 Where shall I learn to get my peace again ? 
 To banish thoughts of that most hateful land 
 Dunyeoner of my friends, that wicked strand 
 Where they are wrecked, and live a wrecked 
 
 life. Keats, To . 
 
 DUNG-FARMER, one who has to do 
 with dirt or dung. The lady referred 
 to is S. Helena, who was said to be a 
 stabularia, or ostleress. See quotation, 
 s. v. OSTL KRESS. The allusion in the 
 extract is to Phil. iii. 8. 
 
 They say that this lady was at first an in- 
 holder or hostesse. . . . This good hostesse 
 chose to be reputed a duny-farmer that she
 
 DUNG- WET 
 
 ( 207 ) 
 
 DUST 
 
 might thereby gaine Christ. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 74. 
 
 It's the stinkingest dung-farmer, fob upon 
 him! Dekker, Satiromastix (Hatckins, Eny. 
 Dr., iii. 168). 
 
 DUNG-WET, thoroughly wet, having 
 been out in dirty weather. Dung in 
 this compound seems merely intensa- 
 tive. 
 
 Plautus in his Rudens bringeth in fishermen 
 cowthring and quaking, dung-wet after a 
 storme. JYashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 180). 
 
 DONNOCK, hedge-sparrow. See H. 
 Haretou has been cast out like an unfledged 
 durmock. Miss E. JSronte, ch. iv. 
 
 DUNSLY. A man dunsly learned is 
 one read in the scholastic theology of 
 which Duns Scotus was a great doctor. 
 Latimer also no doubt means a play on 
 the word, and would insinuate that this 
 man was a learned dunce, which last is 
 derived from Duns Scotus, as the school- 
 men discouraged classical study. 
 
 He is wilfully witted, Dunsly learned, 
 Moorly affected, bold not a little, zealous 
 more than enough. Latimer, ii. 374. 
 
 DUNSTABLE, plain, downright. See 
 N. and H. 
 
 Your uncle is an odd, but a very honest, 
 Dunstable soul. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 
 177. 
 
 DUNSTABLE, plain Dunstable is illus- 
 trated in N., but in the following it 
 appears as a place to which women of 
 bad character might be sent against 
 their will. 
 
 I am so glad you are so pleasant, Kate ; 
 you were not so merry when you went to 
 Dunstable. Greene, Theeves falling out, 1615 
 (Harl. Misc.,\iii. 389). 
 
 DUNSTERY, stupidity. See DUNSLY. 
 
 Let every indignation make thee zealous, 
 as the dunstery of the monks made Erasmus 
 studious. Ward, Sermons, p. 83. 
 
 DUNTLE, to dint. 
 
 His cap is duntled in ; his back bears fresh 
 stains of peat. C. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, 
 in trod. 
 
 DUOPOLIZE, to engross between two. 
 
 Some rigid Presbyterians and popular In- 
 dependents affect with great magistery to 
 duopolize all Church power. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 440. 
 
 DUPEABLE, gullible. 
 Man is a dupeable animal. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. Ixxxvii. 
 
 DUPLAB, DUPLE. See quotation. 
 
 "Whether their armatures [= cavalry sol- 
 diers] were duplar or simplar it is doubtfull. 
 Duplar or duple armaturae they were called 
 in those daies who had double allowances of 
 corue ; simplar, that had but single. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 783. 
 
 DUPLICATE, a pawn-broker's ticket. 
 
 This elegantly attired individual is in the 
 act of entering the duplicate he has just 
 made out, in a thick book. Sketches by Boz 
 (Pawnbroker's shop). 
 
 DURETTA, a coarse kind of stuff, so 
 called from its wearing well. 
 
 I never durst be seen 
 
 Before my father out of duretta and serge : 
 But if he catch me in such paltry stuffs, 
 To make me look like one that lets out 
 
 money, 
 Let him say, Timothy was born a fool. 
 
 Maine, City Match, i. 5. 
 
 DUROY, a species of stuff, corduroy ? 
 q. v. 
 
 Western Goods had their share here also, 
 and several booths were filled with Serges, 
 Duroys, Druggets, Shalloons, Cantaloons, 
 Devonshire Kersies, &c. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Britain, i. 94. 
 
 DUST, a dead body, or one of the 
 atoms that compose it. 
 
 The bodies of the saints, what part of the 
 earth or sea soever holds their dusts, shall 
 not be detained in prison when Christ calls 
 for them. . . . Not a dust, not a bone can be 
 denied. Adams, ii. 106. 
 
 DUST, disturbance. 
 
 The Bishop saw there was small reason to 
 raise such a dust out of a few indiscreet 
 words. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 61. 
 
 Such a dust was raised about the bill of 
 tonnage, &c., that the way could not be seen 
 for that cloud, to come to a quiet end. 
 Ibid. ii. 83. 
 
 Our lay and ecclesiastical champions for 
 arbitrary power . . . have raised such a dust, 
 and kept such a coil about the divine, here- 
 ditary, and indefeasible right of kings. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 41. 
 
 Not expect me ! that's a good one ! And 
 what a dust you would have made if I had 
 not come. Miss Austen, Northanyer Abbey, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 DUST. Down with the dust = down 
 with the money. L. gives this with 
 an example from a farce by O'Keefe, 
 but the two first extracts are older. 
 
 My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit 
 your hundred pounds in gold, or else no 
 going hence all the daies of your life. . . . 
 The abbot down with his dust, and glad he
 
 DUTCH COURAGE ( 208 ) 
 
 DYSPYCION 
 
 escaped so, returned to Beading. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist, vi. 299. 
 
 Amongst the collectors for the Holy Club 
 there must be one fellow that eat King 
 William's bread . . . one of his arts was to 
 persuade silly old women to tell down their 
 dust for carrying on so pious a work. Modest 
 Enquiry into Present Disasters, 1690 (Life of 
 Ken, p. 560). 
 
 "Tie horrible to die 
 
 And come down with our little all of dust, 
 That dun of all the duns to satisfy. 
 
 Hood, Hianca's Dream. 
 
 DUTCH COURAGE, courage inspired by 
 drink. 
 
 A true Dutchman never fights without his 
 head full of brandy. T. Brown, Works, ii. 
 311. 
 
 He added further insult by saying that he 
 supposed his antagonist wanted Dutch cour- 
 age, and that if he did not get wine enough 
 in the cabin, he would not fight at all. 
 Marry at, Fr. Mildmay, ch. iv. 
 
 Pull away at the usquebaugh, man, and 
 swallow Dutch courage, since thine English is 
 oozed away. C. Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xi. * , 
 
 DUTCH-DEFENCE, a sham defence, 
 " male pertinaci." 
 
 I am afraid Mr. Jones maintained a kind 
 of Dutch defence, and treacherously delivered 
 up the garrison without duly weighing his 
 allegiance to the fair Sophia. Fielding, Tom 
 Jones, Bk. ix. ch. v. 
 
 DUTCH GOLD, a baser metal having 
 the appearance of gold ; it is mentioned 
 by Repton (1832) in Archceol. xxiv. 175. 
 Of. GERMAN SILVER. 
 
 DUTY, when applied to money due 
 now always means the custom-house 
 duties. It once had a wider significa- 
 tion. The mention of the " duty to the 
 priest and clerk " first appears in the 
 Prayer-book of 1552. 
 
 They neither regarded to sette him to 
 schole, nor while he was at schoole to paie 
 his schoolemaister's duetie. UdaPs Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 369. 
 
 The man shall give unto the woman ajing, 
 laying the same upon the book, with the 
 accustomed duty to the Priest and Clerk. 
 Rubric in Marriage Service. 
 
 DUTY, the performance of the services 
 of the Church by a clergyman. 
 
 Edmund might, in the common phrase, do 
 the duty of Thornton, that is, he might read 
 
 prayers and preach, without giving up Mans- 
 field Park. Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 DUUMVIRACY, union of two in author- 
 ity. 
 
 A cunning complicating of Presbyterian 
 and Independent principles and interests 
 together, that they may rule in their Duum- 
 viracy. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 438. 
 
 DWINDLEMENT, dwindling, coming 
 down. 
 
 It was with a sensation of dreadful dvnndle- 
 ment that poor Vincent crossed the street 
 again to his lonely abode. Mrs. Oliphant, 
 Salem Cfiapel, ch. i. 
 
 DYINGNESS, languishing, as though 
 dying : a die-away air. 
 
 Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of 
 dyingness. Conyreve, Way of the World, iii. 5. 
 
 DYKE. Burke applies this word to 
 the Eng. Channel between Dover and 
 Calais. 
 
 I have often been astonished, considering 
 that we are divided from you but by a slen- 
 der dyke of about twenty-four miles ... to 
 find how little you seem to know of us. 
 Reflections on Fr. Revolution, p. 68. 
 
 DYSLOGY, dispraise. 
 
 In the way of eulogy and dyslogy, and 
 summing up of character, there may doubtless 
 be a great many things set forth concerning 
 this Mirabeau. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 117. 
 
 DYSPEPSY, indigestion ; more common 
 in its Latin form, dyspepsia. 
 
 " Confound Sowerbrowst," thought the 
 Doctor, " if I had guessed he was to come 
 across me thus, he should not have got the 
 better of his dyspepsy so early." Scott, St. 
 Ronan's Well, ii. 11. 
 
 His friends asked him what the Doctor 
 had said, "Why, said the squire, he told me 
 that I've got a dyspepsy. I don't know what 
 it is, but it's some damn'd thing or other, I 
 suppose. Southey, The Doctor, ch. xciii. 
 
 DYSPNEUMONY, difficulty of breathing. 
 
 I have rather I think from dyspepsia 
 than dyspneumony been often and for days 
 disabled from doing anything but read. J. 
 Stei'ling, 1839 (Carlyle's Life, Pt. III. ch. i.). 
 
 DYSPYCION, disputation. 
 
 Great dyspyryons were among the Jewes 
 at Rome concerning Paule. Vocacyon of 
 Johan Bale, 1553 (Harl. Misc., vi. 440).
 
 EAR 
 
 EARSHRIFT 
 
 E 
 
 EAR. At first ear = at first hear- 
 ing ; immediately. 
 
 A third cause of common errors is the 
 credulity of men, that is, an easie assent to 
 what is obtruded, or a believing at first ear 
 what is delivered by others. Brown, Vulgar 
 Errors, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 EAR. Wine of one ear = good wine. 
 One of the annotators of Rabelais says, 
 " I have introduced the same with good 
 success in some parts of Leicestershire, 
 and elsewhere, speaking of good ale, 
 ale of one ear ; bad ale, ale of two ears. 
 Because when it is good we give a nod 
 with one ear ; if bad, we shake our 
 head, that is, give a sign with both ears 
 that we do not like it." Another sug- 
 gests, " Wine which a man will drink 
 without need of persuasion, it draws 
 him on only by one ear." Scott, it 
 will be seen, makes the two ears = 
 good ; but Chambaud's Fr.-Enf). Diet. 
 gives, " Du vincfune oreille (vin excel- 
 lent), Good wine. Du vin de deux 
 oreilles (mauvais mn qui fait secouer 
 les oreilles), Bad wine." 
 
 the fine white wine ! upon my con- 
 science it is a kiud of taffatas wine ; hiu, 
 bin, it is of one ear (il est a une oreille). 
 Urtfuhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 1 trust ye will applaud my Bordeaux ; c'est 
 des deux oreilles, as Captain Yiusauf used to 
 say. Waverley, i. 97. 
 
 EAR- CONFESSION, private or auricular 
 confession. 
 
 Peter of Milan, with other of the pope's 
 martyrs, . . . died for the pope's power, 
 pardons, pilgrimages, ear - confession, and 
 other popish matters. Bale, Select Works, 
 p. 57. 
 
 EAR-DEEP, reaching the ear only. 
 
 I should ill deserve 
 
 Thy noblest gift, the gift divine of song, 
 If so content with ear-deep melodies 
 To please all profit-less, I did not pour 
 Severer strains. 
 
 Southey, Triumph of Woman, 376. 
 
 EAR-DROPPER, eaves-dropper. 
 
 It is possible an ear-dropper might hear 
 such things talk'd at cock-pits and dancing 
 schools. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 81. 
 
 EARISH, auricular. 
 
 His [Antichrist's] idolatrous altars, his 
 
 earish confession, his housel in one kind for 
 the lay, . . . and all his petting pedlary is 
 utterly banished and driven out of this land. 
 Becon, iii. 4. 
 
 EARN, a Scottish eagle. 
 They gleamed on many a dusky tarn, 
 Haunted by the lonely earn. 
 
 Scott, Lay of Last Minstrel, c. iii. 
 
 EAR-REACH, hearing ; earshot. 
 
 Some invisible eare might be in ambush 
 within the ear-reach of his words. Fuller, 
 Holy State, V. xviii. 
 
 The Bishop's chief care herein was the 
 setting up of compleat Roods, commonly 
 called (but when without his ear - reach) 
 Bonner's Block-Almightie. Ibid., Waltham 
 Abbey, p. 18. 
 
 EARS. To hang ears = to incline 
 ear ; to listen. 
 
 Hang your ears 
 This way, and hear his praises. 
 
 Jonson, Majestic Lady, I. i. 
 
 EARS. To shake the ears = to nod 
 or shake the head, and so, as Wai pole 
 seems to use it, to chuckle. Howell 
 refers to the gesture, as indicating dis- 
 comfiture. 
 
 But I my selfe 
 
 Broke fleame some twice or thrice, then 
 
 shooke mine eares 
 
 And lickt my lipps, as if I begg'd attention. 
 Chapman, Mons. I? Olive, Act II. 
 
 They shut their gates against him, and 
 made him to shake his ears, and to shift for 
 his lodging. Hoicell, Letters, I. i. 21. 
 
 How merry my ghost will be, and shake its 
 ears, to hear itself quoted as a person of 
 consummate prudence. Walpole, Letters, i. 
 166 (1747). 
 
 EARS. To sleep upon both ears = to 
 sleep soundly. The proverb is a Latin 
 one. See Terence., ffeaut., II. iii. 100. 
 
 Let him set his heart at rest ; I will re- 
 move this scruple out of his mind that he 
 may sleep securely upon both ears. Bramhall, 
 iii. 518. 
 
 EARSHRIFT, private or auricular con- 
 fession. 
 
 And upon this either contempt or super- 
 stitious fear drawn from the papists lenten 
 preparation of forty days, earshrift, displing, 
 &c., it cometh to pass that men receiving the 
 Supper of the Lord but seldom, when they 
 P
 
 EARSORE 
 
 ECONOMY 
 
 fall sick must have the Supper ministered 
 unto them in their houses. Cartwriyht's 
 Admonition, quoted in Whityift, ii. 556. 
 
 Your eareshrift (one part of your penance) 
 is to no purpose. Calf hill, Answer to Mar- 
 Hall, p. 243. 
 
 EARSORE, an annoyance to the ear. 
 Eyesore is common. 
 
 The perpetual jangling of the chimes too 
 in all the great towns of Flanders is no small 
 ear-sore to us. T. -Broicn, Works, i. 306. 
 
 EARWIG, a secret counsellor. A 
 favourite word with Hacket: in addi- 
 tion to the subjoined, see ii. 152, 195. 
 
 O hearken not to Rehoboam's earwigs. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 50. 
 
 If all counsels offer'd to princes were 
 spread out before many witnesses, ear-iriyys 
 that buzz what they think fit in the retir d 
 closet, durst not infect the royal audience 
 with pernicious glozing. Ibid. i. 85. 
 
 EAR-WORM, a secret counsellor. 
 
 There is nothing in the oath to protect 
 such an ear-worm, but he may be appeached. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 152. 
 
 EASEMENT, a legal term for an accom- 
 modation, such as a right of way, &c., 
 which one man has of another ; also, a 
 house of office : hence the equivoque 
 in the following. 
 
 They [the Scotch] should not go for to 
 impose upon foreigners ; for the bills in their 
 houses say they have different easements to 
 let ; and behold there is nurro geaks in the 
 whole kingdom. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, 
 ii. 48. 
 
 EASTERLING. L. defines this " a na- 
 tive of any country Eastward of an- 
 other," but the word had also a nar- 
 rower signification. See extracts. 
 
 Then shall the easterlinyes (vpon hope to 
 recover their olde and greater priuileges) 
 aide him with men, money, and shippes. 
 Bp. Ponet (Maitland on Reformation, p. 170). 
 
 The merchants of the East-Land parts of 
 Almain or High Germany (well known in 
 former times by the name of Easterlies'). 
 Heylin, Reformation, i. 230. 
 
 The High-Dutch of the Hans Towns an- 
 tiently much conversed in our Land (known 
 by the name of Easterlim/s). Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, ch. xxiv. 
 
 EASY, indifferent : perhaps as being 
 easy to get, not recherche. H. has, as 
 provincialisms, easy-beef lean cattle, 
 easy-end = cheap. 
 
 The maister of the feast had set vpon the 
 table wine that was but easie and so-so. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 348. 
 
 EATON, see extract. 
 
 The common sort of people doe plainly 
 say, these Roman Workes were made by 
 Giants, whom in the North parts they uss 
 to call in their vulgar tongue Eatons, for 
 Heathens (if I be not deceived) or Ethnicks. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 63. 
 
 EAVE, to shelter, as under eaves. 
 His hat shap't almost like a cone, 
 Taper at top, the wide end down ; 
 With narrow rim scarce wide enough 
 To eave from rain the staring ruff. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, c. i. 
 p. 102. 
 
 EAVER. H. gives it, s. v. Ever, as a 
 Devonshire word for rye-grass, and 
 Devonshire is the county referred to 
 in the extract. 
 
 Neither doth it fall behind in meadow- 
 ground and pasturage, clover, eaver, and 
 trefoil grass, and turneps. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Brit., i. 362. 
 
 EBAFTIZATION, cutting off from the 
 benefits of baptism (?). 
 
 Presbytery began to hasten its march in 
 its might, furiously enough, . . . trying the 
 metal and temper of its Censures by Ebap- 
 tizations, Correptions, Abstentions, Excom- 
 munications. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 16. 
 
 EBRIETY, is used in the extract for 
 sobriety, its real meaning being drunk- 
 enness. Hook's mistake probably arose 
 from the fact that inebriety also = 
 drunkenness, and so, regarding the in 
 as privative, he supposed ebriety to 
 mean the reverse. 
 
 This amiable abstemiousness was joked 
 upon in various ways by the rest of the 
 party, but the Colonel, who was quite aware 
 of his men, set their ebriety down to the 
 right cause. Th. Hook, Man of many friends. 
 
 EBUCCINATOR, trumpeter. 
 
 The ebuccinator, shewer, and declarer of 
 these news, I have made Gabriel, the angel 
 and ambassador of God. Becon, i. 43. 
 
 ECLIPTICAL, elliptical. 
 
 He conceives this word, On mine honour, 
 wraps up a great deal in it, which unfolded 
 and then measured, will be found to be a 
 large attestation, and no less than an eclip- 
 tical oath. Fuller, Holy State, IV. xii. 10. 
 
 ECONOMY, management of a house- 
 hold. The word is now so often used 
 for frugality, that the following quota- 
 tion seems worth noting. 
 
 Fain. He keeps open house for all comers. 
 
 Wid. He ought to be very rich, whose 
 aeconomy is so profuse. Centlivre, The Arti- 
 fice, Act IV.
 
 ECSTATIC ( 21 
 
 ECSTATIC, enthusiast. 
 
 Old Hereticks and idle Ecstaticks, such as 
 the very primitive times were infinitely pes- 
 tred withal. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 201. 
 
 EDACIOUS, voracious. 
 
 Let us glance . . . into that ancient manse 
 of Kilwinning ; all vanished now to the last 
 stone of it long since ; swallowed in the 
 depths of edacious Time. Carlyle, Misc.. iv. 
 236. 
 
 EDENTATE, toothless creature. 
 
 I tried to call to him to move, but how 
 could a poor edentate like myself articulate a 
 word ? C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 EDGE. Out of edge = on edge. 
 
 Dentium stupor. A bluntness of the teeth, 
 when with eating soure and sharpe things, 
 they be out of edge. Higen's Nomenclator, 
 1585 (p. 428). 
 
 EDGINGLY, gingerly. To edge in = 
 to slide in, is a common expression. 
 
 In came my uncle . . . while the new beau 
 awkwardly followed, but more edyinyly, as I 
 may say, setting his feet mincingly, to avoid 
 treading upon his leader's heels. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, ii. 220. 
 
 EDIBILATORY, having to do with edi- 
 bles or eating. 
 
 Edibilatory Epicurism holds the key to all 
 morality. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Iviii. 
 
 EDIFIE, to rise in the estimation of. 
 
 Nor did he edifte better with the Queen, 
 than he did with the subjects. Heylin, Hist, 
 of the Presbyterians, p. 191. 
 
 But little did this edijie with the Leading- 
 part in the House of Commons. Ibid. p. 
 439. 
 
 EDUCATION, publishing. 
 
 Most of this Doctor's posthume-books. 
 have been happie in their education, I mean 
 in being well brought forth into the world. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. i. 66. 
 
 EELSKINS. These not being very 
 valuable, a merchant of eelskins = 
 one who has nothing left him worth 
 having. 
 
 He that wyll at all aduentures vse the 
 seas, knowinge no more what is to be done 
 in a tempest than in a caulme, shall soone 
 becumme a marchant of eele skinnes. Aschain, 
 Toxophilus, p. 151. 
 
 EERIE, wild. 
 
 It's like those eerie stories nurses tell. 
 Browniny, Bp. Blougram's Apology. 
 
 EERILY, in a strange, unearthly way. 
 
 It was the voice of a human being . . . 
 and it spoke in pain and woe ; wildly, eerily, 
 urgently. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxxv. 
 
 i ) EFFORT 
 
 EERINESS, weirdness. 
 
 We all know what a sensation of loneliness 
 or " eeriness " (to use an expressive term of 
 the ballad poetry) arises to any small party 
 assembling in a single room of a vast deso- 
 late mansion. De (Juincey, Modern Supersti- 
 tion. 
 
 EFFECTRESS, female worker or cause. 
 
 They haue ... a Chappel dedicated to the 
 Virgin Mary called Madonna del Scojio, re- 
 puted effectresse of miracles, and much inuo- 
 cated by sea-faring men. Sandys, Travels, 
 p. 8. 
 
 EFFECTUALLY, actually ; in fact ; en 
 effet. 
 
 Although his charter can not be produced 
 with the formalities used at his creation . . . 
 yet that he was effectually Earle of Cam- 
 bridge by the ensuing evidence doth suffi- 
 ciently appear. Fuller, Hist, of Comb. Univ., 
 i. 21. 
 
 Nor would any thing check me from going 
 the greatest lengths with your sister, whom 
 I think effectually, though perhaps not mali- 
 ciously, a most wicked thing. Walpole to 
 Mann,ii\. 157 (1756). 
 
 I perceived that something darkened the 
 passage more than myself, as I stepped along 
 it to my room ; it was effectually Mons. 
 Dessin, the master of the hotel. Sterne, 
 Sentimental Journey (Calais). 
 
 EFFICACE, efficacy. 
 
 Yet 'tis not he with whom I mean to knit 
 Mine inward covenant ; th' outward seal of it 
 Ismael may bear, but not the efficace, 
 (Thy sou, but after flesh, not after grace). 
 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 1026. 
 [Angels] by the touch of their Hue efficace, 
 Containing bodies which they seem t' em- 
 brace. Ibid. 1116. 
 
 EFFICIAT, efficient ; causative. 
 The poniard that did end their fatal lives 
 Shall break the cause efficiat of their woes 
 
 (breaks the glass). 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 175. 
 
 EFFIGIATION, image. 
 
 No such effiyiation was therein discovered, 
 which some nineteen weeks after became 
 visible. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. ii. 53. 
 
 EFFLORESCE, to blossom forth. 
 
 Cities, especially cities in revolution, are 
 subject to these alternations ; the secret 
 course of civic business and existence effer- 
 vescing and efflorescing in this manner as a 
 concrete phenomenon to the eye. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. i. 
 
 EFFORT, to stimulate. 
 
 He efforted his spirits with the remem- 
 brance and relation of what formerly he had 
 been, and what he had done. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Cheshire (i. 189). 
 
 P 2
 
 EFFORTLESS ( a 
 
 EFFORTLESS, without an effort. 
 
 But idly to remain 
 
 Were yielding effortless, and waiting death. 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. IV. 
 
 Self-abandoned, relaxed, and effortless, I 
 seemed to have laid me down in the dried- 
 tip bed of a great river. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xxvi. 
 
 EFFRONTUOUSLY, impudently. 
 
 He most effrontuously affirms the slander. 
 North, Examen, p. 23. 
 
 If these other clergy had carried it unduly, 
 effrontuously, or authoritatively only towards 
 the Dissenters without any reasons alledged 
 or pious invitations, had not all the kingdom 
 rang of the matter ?Ibid., p. 326. 
 
 EFFULMINATION, denunciation. 
 
 The Popes medled so far beyond their 
 own bounds, attempting to send out effulmin- 
 ations against Christian kings in all countries. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 32. 
 
 EFREET, an imp or devil. It is the 
 Arabic word for the devil. 
 
 " Wadna ye prefer a meeracle or twa ? " 
 asked Sandy, after a long pull at the whisky- 
 toddy. " Or a few efreets ? " added I. C. 
 Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. xxi. 
 
 EGELIDATE, to thaw. 
 Then should my teares egelidate His Gore, 
 That from His Blood-founts for me flow'd 
 
 before. Davies, Holy Roodc, p. 20. 
 
 EGG. To break the egg in the pocket 
 = to spoil the plan. 
 
 This very circumstance of so many and 
 considerable persons ranking themselves 
 among the Tories, broke the eyy, as they say, 
 in the pockets of the Whigs, and soon re- 
 duced them to the terms of compounding to 
 be rid of the distinction. North, Examen, 
 p. 324. 
 
 EGG-BALD, completely bald ; smooth 
 as an egg. 
 
 His chin was as smooth as a new-laid egg 
 or a scraped Dutch cheese. Dickens, Martin 
 Chuzzlewit, ch. xxix. 
 If thou blurt thy curse among our folk, 
 I know not I may give that egy-bald head 
 The tap that silences. 
 
 Tennyson, Harold, v. 1. 
 
 EGGS. To come in with five eggs 
 to make a foolish remark or suggestion. 
 The second and third extracts are taken 
 from Mr. Roberts's notes on the first. 
 I do not, however, think that his ex- 
 planation of the " five eggs " as a silly 
 rumour or mare's-nest is quite correct, 
 for it does not suit the passages. Sylla 
 had really resigned the dictatorship ; it 
 was no invention or error of the egg- 
 merchants. 
 
 2 ) ELBOW 
 
 To certain persons comyng in with their 
 ftue eyyes, how that Sylla had geuen ouer his 
 office of Dictature, as he shuld do, wher as 
 Caesar kept it still ... he aunswered, &c. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 303. 
 
 Whiles another gyueth counsell to make 
 peace wyth the Kynge of Arragone . . . 
 Another cummeth in wyth hys v. eggs, and 
 aduyseth to howke in the Kynge of Castell. 
 Robinson's More's Utopia (1551). sig. E. vi. 
 One sayd, a well favoured olde woman she is ; 
 The diuell she is, saide another ; and to this 
 In came the third with his five eyyes, and 
 
 sayde, 
 
 Fiftie yere a goe I knew her a trym mayde. 
 Heywood, Proverbs, Pt. II. cap. i. 
 
 E ( ;GS. To tread upon eggs = to 
 walk warily, as on delicate ground. 
 
 A prince's Ganimede, with every day new 
 suits, as the fashion varies, going as if he 
 trod upon eyyes. Burton, Anatomy, p. 531. 
 
 This gave him occasion to ruminate all the 
 whole proceeding, to find if any slip had been 
 made (for he all along trod upon eyys), and 
 he could find nothing possible to be cavilled 
 upon. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 245. 
 
 EGGS. Sure as eggs is eggs, an ele- 
 gant asseveration, perhaps derived from 
 the proverbial likeness of one egg to 
 another (see next entry) ; but Prof. 
 De Morgan (N. and Q., III. vi. 203) 
 suggests that this is a corruption of the 
 logician's announcement of identity, 
 x is x, and hence the ungrammatical 
 form in which the proverb appears. 
 
 If she lives to Lammas-day next she will 
 be but fourteen years old, as sure as eygs is 
 eyys. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. VII. 
 ch. xi. 
 
 And the bishop said, " Sure as eggs is eygs 
 This here's the bold Tnrpin." 
 
 Dickens, Pickwick, ch. xliii. 
 
 EGGS. The likeness of one egg to 
 another was proverbial. 
 
 Lod. What am I fitted, gallants? am I 
 
 fitted ? 
 Jasp. To the life ; able to cheat suspicion, 
 
 and so like 
 
 Father Antony the confessor, that I protest 
 There's not more semblance in a pair of eygs. 
 Davenport, City Night-Cap, Act III. 
 
 EKE-NAME. See extract. 
 
 We have thousands of instances . . of 
 such eke - names or epithet - names being 
 adopted by the person concerned. Archceol., 
 xliii. 110 (1871). 
 
 ELABOUR, to elaborate ; work out. 
 
 The marrow . . is a nourishment most 
 perfectly elahoured by nature. Uryuharl's 
 Rabelais, Author's Prologue. 
 
 ELBOW. To shake the elbow = to
 
 ELBOW-POLISH ( 213 ) 
 
 EL1GENT 
 
 gamble. Tom Brown ( Works, ii. 46) 
 
 uses "Knight of the elbow " = gamester. 
 He's always shaking his heels with the 
 
 ladies and his elbows with the lords. Van- 
 
 bruyh, Confederacy, Act I. 
 
 There's yet a gang to whom our spark sub- 
 mits, 
 
 Your elbow-shaking fool that lives hy 's wits. 
 Prologue by a friend to Farquhar^s 
 Constant Couple. 
 
 ELBOW- POLISH, polish on furniture 
 produced by rubbing. 
 
 Nowhere else could an oak clock-case and 
 an oak table have got to such a polish by the 
 hand ; genuine elboic-polish, as Mrs. Poyser 
 called it, for she thanked God she never had 
 any of your varnished rubbish iu her house. 
 G. Eliot, Adam ede, Bk. I. ch. vi. 
 
 ELBOWS. The saying in the extract 
 is a mode of expressing that there is no 
 traceable relationship ; as we sometimes 
 say, They are both descended from 
 Adam. 
 
 Ld. Sp. Pray, my Lady Smart, what kin 
 are you to Lord Pozz ? 
 
 Lady Sm. "Why, his grandmother and mine 
 had four elbows. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. i.). 
 
 ELBOWS. Out at elbows = poor, in 
 difficulties. L. has the phrase in its 
 literal sense, applied to dress : in at 
 elbows comfortable, or respectable ; 
 a less common phrase than the other. 
 
 Fellow in arms, quoth he? he may well 
 call him fellow in arms ; I am sure they are 
 both out at elbows. Middleton. Mayor of 
 Quinborouyh, Act V. 
 
 It is a fervour not very frequent ... to 
 embrace Religion in rags, and virtue when it 
 is vagrant and mendicant, out at heels and 
 elbows. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 257. 
 
 Sneak into a corner, . . . down at heels and 
 out at elbows. Gentleman Instructed, p. 212. 
 
 I don't suppose you could get a high style 
 of man ... for pay that hardly keeps him in 
 at elboics. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch.xxxviii 
 
 ELDERN, of the elder tree. 
 
 Weeds are counted herbs in the beginning 
 of the spring ; nettles are put in pottage, 
 and sallats are made of eldern-buds. Fuller, 
 Holy State, I. v. 2. 
 
 ELECTIONEER, to canvass, or to be busy 
 in an election. 
 
 He ... took care to engage in his interest 
 all those underlings who delight in galloping 
 round the country to electioneer. Miss Edye- 
 u-orth, Eosanna, ch. iii. 
 
 ELECTIONEERER, a person busy in an 
 election ; an agent or canvasser. 
 
 Her urgent entreaties were now joined to 
 
 those of Lord Glistonbury, and of many 
 loud-tongued electioneered, who proved to 
 Vivian, by everything but calculation, that 
 he must be returned if he would but stand. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Vivian, ch. ii. 
 
 ELEGIZE, to lament as in an elegy. 
 
 I had written thus far, and perhaps should 
 have elegized on for a page or two farther, 
 when Harry, who has no idea of the dignity 
 of grief, blundered in. Walpole, Letters, i. 
 329 (1754). 
 
 ELEMENT, the air. 
 
 And soflenly he loked upe into the elyment 
 and said, God saue hir grace ! Petition 
 circa 1553 (Archaol., xxiii. 31). 
 
 ELEUTHEROMANIA, madness for free- 
 dom. 
 
 Our peers have in too many cases laid aside 
 their frogs, laces, bag-wigs ; and go about in 
 English costume, or ride rising in the stirrups 
 in the most headlong manner ; nothing but 
 insubordination, eleutheromania, confused, un- 
 limited opposition in their heads. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 ELEUTHEROMANIAC, mad for freedom. 
 
 Eleutheromaniac philosophedom grows ever 
 more clamorous. Carlyle, Fr. Eev., Pt. I. Bk. 
 II. ch. v. 
 
 ELEVATED, intoxicated. 
 
 I went and was very plentifully entertained 
 . . . with a capacious vessel of this most noble 
 Diapente, insomuch that we were all elevated 
 above the use of our legs as well as our 
 reason. T. Broicn, Works, ii. 194. 
 
 His depth of feeling is misunderstood ; he 
 is supposed to be a little elevated, and no- 
 body heeds him. Dickens, Martin Chuzzle- 
 wit, ch. ix. 
 
 ELEVATION. See quotation. 
 
 " They as dinnot tak' spirits down thor, 
 tak' their pennord o' elevation then women- 
 folk especial." " "What's elevation ?" . . . 
 " Opium, bor' alive, opium." C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xii. 
 
 ELKISH, intractable, like an elf ; 
 generally applied to human beings, or 
 else to fairies, &c. 
 
 The Cypres tree ... is elfishe and frowarde 
 to spring vp. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 329. 
 
 ELF-LOCKED, having elf-locks or 
 tangled hair. 
 
 The elfe-lockt fury all her snakes had shed. 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, vii. 83. 
 
 ELIGENT, an elector. 
 
 The eliaents, who make the king by their 
 vote, are tyed fast by their own oaths and 
 faith to their own act. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 201.
 
 ELIGHT 
 
 EMBOSS 
 
 ELIGHT, to alight. 
 
 As sone as he had brought the horse backe 
 again and had eliyhted down, his father moste 
 louingly kissing his cheeke, said, O my dere 
 sonne, go serche out some other kingdom 
 meete for thee, for Macedonia is already all 
 too litle for thee. Udafs Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 225. 
 
 ELINGUATE, to deprive of the tongue. 
 The damned Doomes-man hath Him judg'd 
 
 to death, 
 
 The Diu'll that Diu'll elinguate for his doome. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 14. 
 
 ELOPER, one who elopes. 
 
 Nothing less, believe me, shall ever urge 
 my consent to wound the chaste propriety 
 of your character, by making you an eloper 
 with a duellist. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia,ch.ii. 
 
 ELOQUIOUS, eloquent. 
 
 Eloquious hoarie beard, father Nestor, you 
 were one of them ; and you, M. Ulisses, the 
 prudent dwarf e of Pallas, another ; of whom 
 it is Illiadized that your very nose dropt 
 sugarcandie. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., \i. 162). 
 
 ELRITCH, strange, weird. 
 
 The little man laughed a little laugh, 
 sharp and elritch, at the strange cowardice of 
 the stalwart daredevil. Lytton, What will he 
 do viith it? Bk. VI. ch. v. 
 
 ELUCIDATIVE, explanatory. 
 
 Such a set of documents may hope to be 
 elucidative in various respects. Carlyle, 
 Cromwell, i. 10. 
 
 ELUCTATE, to struggle out. 
 
 They did eluctate out of their injuries 
 with credit to themselves. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 36. 
 
 ELVER-CAKE. See extract ; and L. 
 s, v. elver. 
 
 Cainsham River is noted for producing 
 multitudes of little eels in the spring of the 
 year ; these the people catch when they are 
 about two inches long ; and, having boiled 
 them, they make them into small cakes for 
 sale. These elver-cakes they dispose of at 
 Bath and Bristol ; and when they are fried 
 and eaten with butter, nothing can be more 
 delicious. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 
 306. 
 
 EMANUENSIS, one who writes from 
 the dictation of another ; it may be 
 only a misprint for amanuensis. 
 
 All their clerks, emanuenses, notaries, ad- 
 vocates, proctors, secretaries, . . . would all 
 lose their several employments. Kennet's 
 Erasmus, Praise of Folly, p. 129. 
 
 EMBARGED, in a barge. R. has em- 
 Large = to lay an embargo on. 
 
 Triumphall musick from the floud arose, 
 As when the Soueraigne we embarg'd doe see, 
 And by faire London for his pleasure rowes. 
 Drayton, Robert of Normandy. 
 
 EMBARREL, to pack in a barrel. 
 
 Our emlarreld white-herrings . . . last in 
 long voyages. Nashe, Lenten Stuffs (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 179). 
 
 EMBASSATORIAL, pertaining to an am- 
 bassador. 
 
 "Why should an ambassador desire that his 
 embassatorial letters to his master should be 
 burnt before witness? North, Exatnen, p. 
 581. 
 
 EMBASSATRIX, ambassadress. 
 
 Here was not only a message by word of 
 mouth from the King of France by a great 
 princess sent oil that errand, but an embassa- 
 trix resident to pursue the point of raising 
 the grandeur of France. North, Examen, p. 
 479. 
 
 EMBENCHED, banked up. 
 
 Cerdicus . . . was the first May-lord or 
 captaine of the Morris-daunce that on those 
 embenched shelves stampt his footing. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 EMBERED, strewn with embers or 
 
 ashes. 
 
 On the -white-ember' d hearth 
 Heapt up fresh fuel. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. II. 
 
 EMBLANCH, to whiten. 
 
 It was impossible that a spot of so deep a 
 dye should be emblanched.^Heylin, Life of 
 Laud, p. 260. 
 
 EMBLOODY, to make bloody or san- 
 guinary. 
 
 Oh the unmatchable cruelty that some 
 men's religion (if I may so call it) hath em- 
 bloodied them to ! Adams, ii. 146. 
 
 EMBOGGED, plunged in a bog. 
 
 General Murray . . . got into a mistake 
 and a morass, attacked two bodies that were 
 joined when he hoped to come up with one 
 of them before the junction, was enclosed, 
 embogaed, and defeated. Walpole to Mann, 
 iii. 392 (1760). 
 
 EMBOLISMIC, intercalated. They who 
 used the lunar year of 354 days ad- 
 justed it to the solar year by the occa- 
 sional intercalation of a year of thirteen 
 months. 
 
 The signs and symbols of the thirteen 
 months of the Anglo-Saxon emlolismic year. 
 Arch., xliv. 146 (1871). 
 
 EMBOSS, boss ; protuberance. 
 
 In this is a fountaiue out of which gushes
 
 EMBRACIVE ( 21 
 
 a river rather than a streeme, which ascend- 
 ing a good height breakes upon a round 
 embosse of marble into millions of pearles. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 1 7, 1644. 
 
 EMBRACIVE, caressing in a demon- 
 strative way. 
 
 Not less kind in her way, though less 
 expansive and embracive, was Madame de 
 Montcontour to my wife. Thackeray, The 
 Newcomes, ch . Ivii. 
 
 EMBRAKE, entangle. See ENBRAKE. 
 
 Revenged hee would bee by one chimera 
 of imagination or other, and hamper and 
 embrake her in those mortal straights for hir 
 disdaine. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 176). 
 
 EMBRAWN, to harden. The extract is 
 given at greater length s. v. ITINERATE. 
 
 It will embrawne and iron-crust his flesh. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 165). 
 
 EMBRING DAYS, Ember Days. 
 
 They introduced, by little and little, a 
 general neglect of the Weekly Fasts, the 
 holy time of Lent, and the Embring-dai/s. 
 Heylin, Hist, of the Presbyterians, p. 389. 
 
 EMBROIL, disturbance. 
 
 It was well for him that the Parliament 
 was dissolved, else they had pursued their 
 impeachment against him, and what an em- 
 broil it had made in Parliament is not easy 
 to conjecture. North, Examen, p. 568. 
 
 EMBRYOLOGICALLY, according to the 
 rules of embryology, which science 
 studies the fetal development of crea- 
 tures. 
 
 Is the hyppolais a warbler embryologically, 
 or is he a yellow finch, connected with serins 
 and canaries, who has taken to singing ? C. 
 Kingsley, 1867 (Life, ii. 203). 
 
 EMBRYOTIC, pertaining to an embryo. 
 See extract s. v. UNMECHANIZE. 
 
 EMERGEMENT, an unexpected occur- 
 rence. 
 
 Go it would, as fast as one man could con- 
 vey it in speech to another all the town over ; 
 it being usually observed that such emerge' 
 ments disperse in rumor unaccountably. 
 North, Examen, p. 401. 
 
 EMERGENCIES, casual profits; wind- 
 falls. 
 
 And now he is actually possessed not only 
 of the jurisdiction, but of the rents, profits, 
 and emergencies belonging to a Bishop of 
 Bath and Wells. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 
 159. 
 
 EMOTIVENESS, susceptibility to emo- 
 tion. The adj. emotive is given by R. 
 with a quotation from Brooke ; it is of 
 frequent occurrence in Daniel Deronda. 
 
 5 ) ENARM 
 
 The more exquisite quality of Deronda's 
 nature that keenly perceptive, sympathetic 
 emotiveness which ran along with his specu- 
 lative tendency was never more thoroughly 
 tested. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xl. 
 
 EMPANOPLIED, fully armed. 
 The lists were ready. Empanoplied and 
 
 plumed 
 
 We entered in, and waited, fifty there 
 Opposed to fifty. Tennyson, Princess, v. 
 
 EMPIEM, an imposthume in the breast. 
 The spawling empiem, ruthless as the rest, 
 With foul impostumes fils his hollow chest. 
 Sylvester, The Fairies, 402. 
 
 EMPIRE, to assume authority over. 
 
 They should not empire over Presbyteries, 
 but be subject to the same. Heylin, Hist, 
 of the Presbyterians, p. 217. 
 
 EMPLUMED, adorned as with feathers. 
 E. UB implumed = featherless, with 
 extracts from Drayton. 
 
 Angli anijeli (resumed 
 
 From the mediaeval story) 
 Such rose angelhoods, emplumed 
 In such ringlets of pure glory. 
 Mrs. Browning, Song for Ragged Schools. 
 
 EMPORTMENT, passion ; indignation : 
 a French word used by North as though 
 it were English. 
 
 His lordship, being provoked would warm, 
 as I could discern by the air of his counten- 
 ance, but few less acquainted with him could 
 perceive anything of it ; and he was the 
 more silent as he discerned any such emport- 
 ment in himself. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, ii. 53. 
 
 To lay aside emportments so justly pro- 
 voked, and come to the two papers which I 
 had almost forgot. Ibid., Examen, p. 653. 
 
 EMPRISE, to undertake. 
 In secret drifts I liuger'd day and night, 
 All how I might depose this cruel king, 
 That seem'd to all so much desired a thing, 
 As thereto trusting I emprised the same. 
 
 Sackville, The Duke of Buckingham, st. 58. 
 
 ENAIR, to air or employ. It in the 
 extract is the lady's tongue. 
 Who, when she lists (with balm-breath's 
 
 ambrosie) 
 Shee it enaires in prose and poesy. 
 
 Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 31. 
 
 EN ARCH, to arch in. 
 
 God . . . caused the blacke cloudes to poure 
 down vpon them store of funerall teares, 
 enarching the ayre with a spatious rainebow. 
 Speed, History, Bk. IX. ch. xii. 
 
 ENARM, to arm. 
 
 While shepherds they enarme vnus'd to dan- 
 ger. Hudson's Judith, i. 371.
 
 ENBASTE 
 
 ENDAMN1FY 
 
 ENBASTE, to steep or embue. 
 
 It is not agreeable for the Holy Ghost, 
 which may not suffer the Church to err in 
 interpreting the Scriptures, to permit the 
 same notwithstanding to be oppressed with 
 superstition, and to be enbasted with vain 
 opinions. Phifpot, p. 375. 
 
 ENBRAKE, to ensnare, entangle. See 
 EMBRAKE. 
 
 Being enbraked and hampered in the middes 
 of those mortalle streightes, he might even 
 in his life time begin to lacke the vse of all 
 the elementes. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 286. 
 
 ENCAPTIVE, to take captive. 
 She sent all her Jewells to the Jewish 
 Lumbarde to pawn, to buy and encaptive him 
 to her trenchour, but her purveyour came a 
 day after the faire. Nashe, Lenten Stujf'e 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 174). 
 
 ENCARN ALIZE, to make gross or 
 fleshly. 
 
 "We shudder but to dream our maids should 
 
 ape 
 Those monstrous males that carve the living 
 
 hound, 
 And cram him with the fragments of the 
 
 grave, 
 
 Or in the dark, dissolving human heart, 
 And holy secrets of this microcosm, 
 Dabbling a shameless hand with shameful 
 
 jest, 
 Encarnalize their spirits. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iii. 
 
 ENCHAIRED, seated in the chair, pre- 
 siding. 
 
 But thou, Sir Lancelot, sitting in my place 
 Enchair'd to-morrow, arbitrate the field. 
 
 Tennyson, The Last Tournament. 
 
 EXCHEQUER, to checker, to arrange in 
 chequered pattern. 
 
 For to pave 
 
 The excellency of this cave, 
 Squirrels' and children's teeth late shed 
 Are neatly here enchequered. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 177. 
 
 ENCLARITED, mixed with claret. 
 Lips she has all rubie red, 
 Cheeks like creame enclarited. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 146. 
 
 ENCLASP, to clasp round. 
 O Union, that enclaspest in thyne armes 
 All that in Heau'n and Earth is great or good. 
 Dames, Bien Venn, p. 5. 
 
 ENCLITICAL. An enclitical is a par- 
 ticle which throws back the accent, 
 on the foregoing syllable ; hence in the 
 quotation it is used of a lean-to. 
 
 The barrel . . . stood in a little shed or 
 
 enclitical penthouse. Graves, Spiritual Quix- 
 ote, Bk. II. ch. vii. 
 
 ENCOACHED, borne in a coach. 
 
 Great Tamburlaine 
 
 (Like Phaeton) drawne, encoacht in burnisht 
 gold. Daisies, Wittes' Pilgrimage, p. 22. 
 
 ENCOLURE. This is a French word, 
 meaning the neck of an animal, applied 
 also to the way in which the neck is 
 set on the shoulders ; a " crisped en- 
 colure " would be a neck with a short, 
 cropped mane, or perhaps a curly -haired 
 neck. 
 
 Hair in heaps lay heavily 
 
 Over a pale brow spirit-pure, 
 Carved like the heart of the coal-black tree, 
 
 Crisped like a war-steed's encolure. 
 
 Browning, The Statue and the Bust. 
 
 EXCOMIONIZE, to praise. 
 
 You would prefer him before tart and 
 galingale which Chaucer preheminentest en- 
 comionizeth above all junquetries or confec- 
 tionaries whatsoever. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 158). 
 
 ENCOMY, praise ; encomium. 
 
 Many popish parasites and men-pleasing 
 flatterers have written large commendations 
 and encomies of those. 
 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 7. 
 
 ENCOURAGE, to strengthen: used 
 quaintly in the extract. 
 
 Erasmus had his Lagena or flagon of wine 
 (recruited weekly from his friends at London) 
 which he drank sometimes singly by it selfe, 
 and sometimes encouraged his faint Ale with 
 the mixture thereof. Fuller, Hist, of Camb., 
 v. 48. 
 
 ENCUMBROUS, troublesome. The ex- 
 tract is from a letter of Bp. Gardiner to 
 the Protector Somerset, 1547. 
 
 To avoid many encumbrous arguments, 
 which wit can devise against the truth, I 
 send to your grace the copy of mine answer. 
 Strype, Cranmer, Bk. II. ch. iii. (note). 
 
 ENCURLED, twisted ; interlaced. 
 
 Implye 
 
 Like streames which flow 
 Encurlld together, and noe difference show 
 In their siluer waters. 
 
 Heii'ick, Appendix, p. 450. 
 
 END. To get the better end of=to 
 get the better of. We speak of having 
 hold of the right or wrong end of the 
 stick. 
 
 By all which it should seem we have rather 
 cheated the devil than he us, and have gotten 
 the better end of him. Sanderson, i. 183. 
 
 ENDAMNIFY, to injure.
 
 ENDEARANCE ( 217 ) ENGASTROMITH 
 
 Those who hired the fishing of that lake 
 adjoining, were endamnified much by the 
 violent breaking in of the seas. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 276. 
 
 ENDEARANCE, affection. 
 
 But my person and figure you'll best under- 
 stand 
 
 From the picture I've sent by an eminent 
 hand; 
 
 Show it young Lady Betty, by way of en- 
 dearance, 
 
 And to give her a spice of my mien and 
 appearance. 
 
 Anstey, New Bath Guide, Letter 10. 
 
 ENDIABLEE, possess, as with a devil. 
 
 Such an one as might best endiablee the 
 rabble, and set them a bawling against 
 popery. North, Examen, p. 571. 
 
 ENDIABLEMENT, diabolical possession. 
 
 There was a terrible rage of faces made at 
 him, as if an endiablement had possessed them 
 all. North, Examen, p. 608. 
 
 ENDIRONS, andirons. Ezek. xl. 43, 
 margin, " endirons or the two hearth- 
 stones ; " the text has hooks. Perhaps 
 this form of the word arose from the 
 supports at each end of the fire- 
 place on which the logs rested. End- 
 iron has, however, nothing to do ety- 
 mologically with end or iron. See 
 Wedgewood. 
 
 ENDOME, to cover as with a dome. 
 And here among the English tombs, 
 
 In Tuscan ground we lay her; 
 
 While the blue Tuscan sky endomes 
 
 Our English words of prayer. 
 
 Mrs. Brmcniny, Child's Grave 
 at Florence. 
 
 ENDOTE, to endow. 
 
 Their own heirs do men disherit to endote 
 ihem.Tyndale, i. 249. 
 
 ENDS. To make both ends meet = to 
 live within one's income. 
 
 "Worldly wealth he cared not for, desiring 
 onely to make both ends meet ; and as for that 
 little that lapped over, he gave it to pious 
 uses. Fuller, Worthies, Cumberland. 
 
 If I can but make both ends meet, that's all 
 I ask for. 
 
 Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. iii. 
 
 ENDUNGEON, to imprison. 
 
 It, being a sweaty loggerhead, greasie 
 sowter, endunc/eoned in his pocket a twelve- 
 month, stunk so over the pope's palace, that 
 not a scullion but cried, " Fob ! " Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 172). 
 Were we endungeorfd from our birth, yet wee 
 Would weene there were a sunne. 
 
 Dawes, Mirum in Modum, p. 26. 
 
 ENEMY, a synonym for time, as that 
 which is constantly enfeebling us, and 
 bringing us to our end ; it is also an 
 enemy which many people try to kill. 
 
 " How goes the enemy, Snobb ? " asked Sir 
 Mulberry Hawk. "Four minutes gone." 
 Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. xix. 
 
 ENFAROE, to stuff. 
 
 Therefore have I now prepared for you a 
 godly potation worthy this time, that you 
 may go home again from me, not with 
 mouths, but with minds, not with bellies, 
 but with souls, replenished andew/ 'arced with 
 celestial meat. Becon, Potation for Lent, i. 
 91. 
 
 ENFAVOUR, favour. 
 
 If any shall enfavour me so far as to con- 
 vince me of any error therein, I shall in the 
 second edition (God lending me life to set it 
 out) return him both my thanks and amend- 
 ment. Fuller, Pisgah Sight, V. i. 
 
 ENFEAR, to frighten. 
 
 But now a woman's look his hart enfeares. 
 Hudson, Judith, v. 33. 
 
 ENFERTILE, to fertilize. 
 
 From the sea ... it swelleth np with 
 mountaines, unless it bee where the rivers 
 Dee . . . and Done make way for themselves 
 and enfertile the fields. Holland's Camden, 
 ii. 46. 
 
 ENFESTER, to fester in. 
 His Vesture glu'd with gore-blood to His 
 
 Backe, 
 Which His enfettered sores exulcerates. 
 
 Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 16. 
 
 ENFRAME, to enclose. 
 
 But all the powers of the house of Godwin 
 Are not enframed in thee. 
 
 Tennyson, Harold, i. 1. 
 
 ENFRENZIED, maddened. 
 With an enfrenzied grasp he tore the jasey 
 from his head. Ingoldsby Legends (Jarvis's 
 Wig). 
 
 ENFUME, to blind or obscure with 
 smoke. Davies says that " perturba- 
 tions " 
 
 Gainst their Guides doe fight, 
 And so enfume them that they cannot see. 
 Microcosmos, p. 38. 
 
 ENGAGE, engagement, bargain. 
 No man can say it's his by heritage, 
 Nor by legacie or testatour's device, 
 Nor that it came by purchase or engage, 
 Nor from bis Prince for any good service. 
 Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 ENGASTROMITH, ventriloquist, and so 
 magician. Cf. Isaiah xliv. 25 (Sep- 
 tuagint), and my Bible English, p. 24.
 
 ENGINE 
 
 ( 218) 
 
 ENORME 
 
 So all incenst the pale engastromith 
 
 (Kul'd by the furious spirit he's haunted with) 
 
 Speakes in his womb. 
 
 Sylvester, The Imposture, p. 230. 
 
 ENGINE, gin or trap. 
 The hidden engines, and the snares that lie 
 So undiscovered, so obscure to th' eye. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, iii. 9. 
 
 ENGINE, to assault. 
 
 "We fear not Taurus, the bull, that shoots 
 his horns from Rome, nor Scorpio that sends 
 his venomous sting from Spain, nor the un- 
 christened Aries of infidels, profane and pro- 
 fessed enemies to engine and batter our walls. 
 Adams, i. 29. 
 
 ENGORE. The Diets, give this word 
 = to pierce, but in the extract it = to 
 make bloody, and also at xii. 212. Cf. 
 INGORE. 
 A most unmanly noise was made with those 
 
 he put to sword, 
 Of groans and outcries. The flood blush'd 
 
 to be so much engor'd 
 With such base souls. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xxi. 22. 
 
 ENGRAND, to make great, aggrandize. 
 
 The Duke ... by all means endeavoured 
 to engrand his posterity. Fuller, Hist, of 
 Camb., vii. 42. 
 
 ENGRAVEN, to engrave. 
 
 As our Maker has stamp'd His image in 
 our foreheads, so He has also engraven'd the 
 knowledge of Himself in our souls. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 250. 
 
 ENHAVACING, destruction. 
 
 The earth hath not scanted her fruits, but 
 our concealings have been close, our enhavac- 
 ings ravenous, our transportations lavish. 
 Adams, i. 87. 
 
 ENHEARTEN, to encourage. 
 
 When their agents came to him to feel his 
 pulse, they found it beat so calm and even, 
 that he sent them messages to enhearten 
 them. Hacket, Life of Williams, II. 141. 
 
 ENHUILE, to anoint. 
 
 Then they used ... to kill, and offer their 
 sacrifices ; yea, and their manner was to 
 enhuile or anoint their very altars all over. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 771. 
 
 ENJOY, joy, happiness. 
 As true love is content with his enjoy, 
 And asketh no witnesse nor no record. 
 Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 ENKENNELLED, shut in a kennel. 
 Davies speaks of Diogenes as "the 
 Dog," 
 
 That alwaies in a tub enkennelFd lies. 
 Microcosmos, p. 84. 
 
 ENKERXELLED, enclosed in a kernel. 
 
 When I muse 
 
 Upon the aches, anxieties, and fears 
 The Maggot knows not, Nicholas, methinks 
 It were a happy metamorphosis 
 To be enkernell'd thus. 
 
 Southey, Nondescripts, vi. 
 
 ENLAWRELLED, crowned with laurels. 
 For Swaines that con no skill of holy rage 
 Bene foe-men to faire skil's enlawrell'd 
 
 Queen. Davies, Eclogue, p. 20. 
 
 ENLURING, enticement. 
 
 They know not the detractions of slander, 
 underminings of envy, provocations, heats, 
 enlurings of lusts. Adams, i. 311. 
 
 ENMINGLE, to immingle. 
 
 Love embitter'd with tears 
 Suits but ill with my years, 
 When sweets bloom enmingled around, 
 
 Hurgoyne, Lord of the Manor, I. i. 
 
 ENMONTERY. 
 
 He was shot through the enmontery of the 
 left arm, and the arrow dividing those grand 
 auxiliary vessels, he died of the flux of blood 
 immediatly. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. v. 12. 
 
 ENNEAL. 
 
 In those to shew himselfe rather artificiall 
 then natural! were no lesse to be laughed at 
 than for one that can see well inough to vse 
 a paire of spectacles, or not to heare but by 
 a trunke put to his eare, nor feele without 
 a paire of ennealed glooues, which things in 
 deed helpe an infirme sence, but annoy the 
 perfit. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. 
 xxv. 
 
 ENNEALOGUE. See quotation. 
 
 In the aforesaid ten commandments as 
 exemplified in the council of Alfred, the 
 second commandment is wholly expunged. 
 . . . The worst is, when this was wanting 
 the Decalogue was but an Ennealogue. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. iv. 42. 
 
 ENNICHE, to place in a niche or con- 
 spicuous position. 
 
 Slawkenbergius, . . . indeed, in many re- 
 spects, deserves to be ennich'd as a prototype 
 for all writers, of voluminous works at least, 
 to model their books by. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, 
 III. 29. 
 
 ENORME, to make monstrous : this 
 verb is often used by Davies, who also 
 spells it with an i. 
 
 Then lets hee friends the fantacie enorme 
 With strong delusions and with passions dire. 
 Davies, Mi rum iu Modum, p. 9. 
 
 They stand still falling whom He doth vphold, 
 And who goes carelesse, curelesse He enormes. 
 Ibid., Mine's Sacrifice, p. 50.
 
 ENOUGH 
 
 ( 219 
 
 ENTER-KNOW 
 
 Thy Hands that form'd, reform'd, and me 
 
 conformed, 
 
 Were to a Crosse transfixed for my sake, 
 To help my hatefull hands that sinne inorm'd. 
 Ibid., p. 12. 
 
 ENOUGH AND ENOUGH, more than 
 enough. The second quotation is from 
 a letter of " Daddy Cripps " to Miss 
 Burney. 
 
 Every one of us, from the bare sway of his 
 own inherent corruption, carrying enoiujli and 
 enough about him to assure his final doom. 
 South, Sermons, vi. 126. 
 
 The play has wit enough and enough, but 
 the story and the incidents don't appear to 
 me interesting enough to seize and keep hold 
 of the attention and eager expectations of 
 the generality of audiences. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, i. 300. 
 
 ENPOVER, impoverish. 
 
 Lest they should theym selves enpover 
 
 And be brought into decaye, 
 Pover oilly shepperdis they gett, 
 "VVhome into their farmes they sett 
 Lyvynge on mylke, whyg, and whey. 
 
 Ray and Barlow, Rede me and 
 be nott wrothe, p. 100. 
 
 ENRAGE, to rage : usually an active 
 verb. 
 
 My father, I am certain by his letter, will 
 now hear neither petition nor defence ; on 
 the contrary, he will only enrage at the 
 temerity of offering to confute him. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. IX. ch. vii. 
 
 ENSAINT, to canonize. 
 
 For his ensatnting, looke the almanack in 
 the beginning of Aprill, and see if you can 
 finde out such a saint as Saint Gildarde, 
 which in honour of this gilded fish, the pope 
 so ensainted. Naske, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 174). 
 
 ENSHORE, to enharbour. 
 Then Death (the end of ill unto the good) 
 Enshore my soule neer drownd in flesh and 
 
 bloud. Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 40. 
 
 ENSHORED, received on shore. De- 
 venere locos, in original. 
 
 Theare they were enshoared, wheare thow 
 shalt shortlye see townwals. Stanyhurst, 
 jEn., i. 350. 
 
 EXSINDON, to wrap in a sindon or 
 linen cloth. aivSovt is the word in 
 Matt, xxvii. 59. 
 
 Now doth this loving sacred Synaxie 
 (With diuine orizons and deuout teares) 
 Ensindon Him with choicest draperie. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 28. 
 ENSOROELL. 
 
 Not any one of all these honor'd parts 
 Your princely happes and habites that do 
 moue, 
 
 And as it were ensorcell all the hearts 
 Of Christen kings to quarrel for your loue. 
 Sir T. Wyat, quoted in Puttenham, 
 Bk. HI. ch. xix. 
 
 ENSPANGLE, to cover with spangles. 
 One more by thee, love and desert have sent 
 T' enspangle this expansive firmament. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 204. 
 
 EMTASK, to lay a task upon. 
 Yet sith the Heav'ns haue thus entaskt my 
 layes, 
 
 It is enough, if heer-by I invite 
 Som happier spirit to do thy Muse more right. 
 Sylvester, 4 day, 1st weeke, 56. 
 
 ENTEMPEST, to visit with storm. 
 Such punishment I said were due 
 
 To natures deepliest stained with sin 
 For aye entempesting anew 
 
 The unfathomable hell within ; 
 The horror of their deeds to view, 
 To know and loathe, yet wish and do. 
 
 Coleridge, Pains of Sleep. 
 
 ENTER, to set on game. 
 
 No sooner had the northern carles begun 
 their hunts-up but the Presbyterians flock'd 
 to London from all quarters, and were like 
 hounds ready to be entred. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 143. 
 
 ENTERBATHE, to bathe mutually ; to 
 intermingle tears. 
 
 Lo at thy presence, how who late were prest 
 To spur then: steeds, and couch their staues 
 
 in rest 
 
 For fierce incounter, cast away their spears, 
 And rapt with joy, them enterbathe with tears. 
 Sylvester, Handicrafts, 21. 
 
 ENTERBRAID, to lace together. 
 Their shady boughs first bow they tenderly, 
 Then enterbraid, and bind them curiously. 
 Sylvester, Handicrafts, 209. 
 
 ENTERFLOW, channel. Holland also 
 uses the verb interfloio, q. v. 
 
 These Hands .... are severed one from 
 another by a narrow enterjloio of the Sea 
 betweene. Holland's Camden, ii. 215. 
 
 ENTERKISS, to kiss mutually ; to come 
 in contact. 
 And water 'nointing with cold-moist the 
 
 brims 
 
 Of th' enter-kissing turning globes extreams, 
 Tempers the heat. 
 
 Sylvester, 2nd day, 1st weeke, 1050. 
 
 ENTER - KNOW, to be mutually ac- 
 quainted. 
 
 I have desired ... to enter-knmo my good 
 God, and his blessed Angels and Saints. 
 Bp. Hall, Inv. World, Pref .
 
 ENTERMEWER ( 220 ) ENVIRONMENT 
 
 ENTERMEWER. H., who gives no 
 quotation, defines it " a hawk that 
 changes the colour of its wings." 
 
 Nor nmst you expect from high antiquity 
 the distinctions of Eyass and Kamage Hawks, 
 of Sores and Entermeicers. Sir T. rown. 
 Tract 5. 
 
 ENTERMINE, an intervening mine, or 
 entrance of a mine (?). 
 While hotly thus they skirmish in the vault, 
 Quick Ebedmelech closely hither brought, 
 A dry-fat sheath'd in latton plates without, 
 Within with feathers fill'd, and round about 
 Bor'd full of holes (with hollow pipes of 
 
 brass) 
 Save at one end, where nothing out should 
 
 pass ; 
 
 Which (havig first his Jewish troops retir'd) 
 Just in the mouth of th' entermine he fir'd. 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 949. 
 
 ENTERSPLIT, to split in two. 
 There's not a shaft but hath a man for 
 
 white, 
 Nor stone but lightly in warm bloud doth 
 
 light ; 
 
 Or if that any fail their foes to hit 
 In fall, in flight themselves they enter-split. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 301. 
 
 ENTHWITE, to chide. See ENTWITE. 
 
 By that word he means to enthmte them, 
 and, as I may say, to cry them down. An- 
 drewes, Sermons, v. 20. 
 
 ENTILTMENT, shed ; tent. 
 
 The best houses and walls there were of 
 mudde, or canvaz, or poldavies entiltments. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. Misc., vi. 171). 
 
 ENTIRE, used as a subst. for entirety. 
 
 I am narrating as it were the Warrington 
 manuscript, which is too long to print in 
 entire. Thackeraq, Virginians, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 ENTIRE HORSE, a stallion. 
 
 One of these old soldiers was what the 
 Spaniards, with the gravity peculiar to their 
 language, call a Caballo Padre, or what some 
 of our own writers, with a decorum not less 
 becoming, appellate an entire horse. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. cxxxvi. 
 
 ENTOMOLOGISE. to pursue the study of 
 insects, or to collect specimens. 
 
 It is too rough for trawling to-day, and too 
 wet for entomoloyisiny.C. Kitwsley, 1849 
 (Life, i. 171). 
 
 ENTRADAS (Spanish), revenues ; in- 
 come. See ENTRATES. 
 
 His own revenues of a large extent, 
 But in the expectation of his uncle' 
 And guardian's entradas, by the course 
 
 Of nature to descend on him, a match 
 For the best subject's blood. 
 
 Massinyer, Guardian, V. iii. 
 
 ENTRAIN, to draw on. 
 The Mutineers were grown so weak, 
 They found 'twas more than time to squeak: 
 
 They call for work, but 'twas too late : 
 The Stomach (like an aged maid, 
 Shrunk up for want of human aid) 
 The common debt of nature paid, 
 
 And with its destiny entrained their fate. 
 Vanbruyh, JEsop, Act II. 
 
 EXTRATES, revenues. See ENTRADAS. 
 
 The Lord Treasurer Cranfeild,a good hus- 
 band of the entrates of the Exchequer, com- 
 plain'd against him to the King. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, i. 83. 
 
 ENTRELICE, trellis work (?). 
 
 I observ'd that the appearing timber 
 punchions, entrelices, &c., were all so cover'd 
 with scales of slate, that it seemed carv'd in 
 the wood and painted, the slate fastened on 
 the timber in pretty figures that has, like a 
 coate of armour, preserv'd it from rotting. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Jan. 3, 1666. 
 
 ENTWITE, twit; blame. See EN- 
 THWITE. 
 
 Thou doest naught to entinte me thus, 
 And with soche wordes opprobrious 
 To vpbraid the giftes amorous 
 Of the glittreyug Goddesse Venus. 
 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 165. 
 
 ENUMERATE is used in the extract for 
 innumerable. " Things creeping innu- 
 merable" is the reading both in the 
 Bible and Prayer-Book versions. 
 
 And as Thy wealth the Earth do's bound, 
 
 So wondrous is the spacious Sea, 
 Where fish enumerate are found, 
 
 And small and great depend on Thee. 
 D'Urfey, Poem on Psalm CIV. 
 
 ENUNCIATOR, declarer. 
 
 The inquisitive servants . . . were all 
 questioning her about the news of which she 
 wast he first, and not very intelligible enunci- 
 ator.Miss Edaeworth, Ennui, ch. xv. 
 
 ENUNIED, united. 
 
 Neither can any man at all be made clean 
 . . . except by faith they be enunied and 
 joined together in the body of Him which 
 without any carnal enticement and morti- 
 ferous delectation was conceived. Becon, i. 
 79. 
 
 ENVAPOUR, to surround with vapour. 
 On a still-rocking couch lies blear-ey'd Sleep< 
 Snorting alowd, and with his panting breath 
 Blowes a black fume, that all envapoureth. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 555. 
 
 ENVIRONMENT, surrounding. This 
 word is now not uncommon. The
 
 EN WRITE 
 
 ( 221 ) 
 
 EPISCOPIZE 
 
 second extract is from a letter from 
 Sterling to Carlyle about the Sartor 
 fiesartus of the latter (1835). R., 
 however, quotes Philemon Holland for 
 the word. 
 
 Man's whole life and environment have 
 been laid open and elucidated. Cartyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 First as to the language. A good deal of 
 this is positively barbarous. " Environment," 
 " vestural," " stertorous," " visualised," "com- 
 plected," and others, to be found, I think, in 
 the first twenty pages, are words, so far as I 
 know, without any authority ; some of them 
 contrary to analogy ; and none repaying by 
 their value the disadvantage of novelty. 
 Ibid., Life of Sterling, Pt. II. ch. ii. 
 
 A shape hitherto unnoticed, stirred, rose, 
 came forward ; a shape inharmonious with 
 the environment, serving only to complicate 
 the riddle further. Miss Bronte, Fillette, ch. 
 xvi. 
 
 ENWRITE, to inscribe. 
 
 What wild heart histories seemed to be en- 
 written 
 
 Upon those crystalline celestial spheres. 
 
 E. A. Poe, To Helen (ii. 18). 
 
 EOAN, eastern ; pertaining to the 
 dawn. 
 
 Armenian girls 
 
 Call him the Mithra of tLe middle world, 
 That sheds Eoan radiance on the West. 
 Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, iii. 5. 
 
 EPARCH, a commander. 
 The prefects and the eparchs will resort 1 
 To the Bucoleon with what speed they may. 
 Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, ii. 3. 
 
 EPHEMERALITIES, transient trifles. 
 
 This lively companion .... chattered 
 ephemeralities while Gerard wrote the im- 
 mortal lives. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. 
 Ixi 
 
 EPICHORIAL, belonging to the country. 
 
 Local or epichorial superstitions from 
 every district of Europe come forward by 
 thousands. De Quincey, Modern Supersti- 
 tion. 
 
 EPICURE, to live like an epicure ; to 
 epicurize. 
 
 They did Epicure it in daily exceedings, as 
 indeed where should men fare well, if not in 
 a King's HiJl ? Fuller, Hist, of Camb., ii. 48. 
 
 EPICURELY, delicately ; luxuriously. 
 
 His horses (quatenus horses) are proven- 
 dered as epicurely. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 179). 
 
 EPIGRAMMATARIAN, epigrammatist. 
 Onr epiyrammatarians, old and late, 
 Were wont be blamed for too licentiate. 
 Hall, Satires, I. ix. 29. 
 
 EPIGRAM MATISM, epigrammaticul 
 character. 
 
 The latter [derivation] would be greedily 
 seized by nine philologists out of ten, for no 
 better cause than its epiyrammatism. E. A . 
 Poe, Marginalia, Ixvii. 
 
 EPIGRAPH, an inscription. L. (who 
 gives no example) quotes from Todd : 
 " Dr. Johnson gives the Greek angli- 
 cised in epigraphe, a word of four syl- 
 lables, as he places the accent on the 
 second. But I take epigraph to be an 
 old English word, merely with the 
 superfluous final e, as was formerly 
 common, and intended like paragraph 
 or autograph to be pronounced in 
 three syllables." 
 
 Dr. Meret, a learned man and Library- 
 Keeper shew'd me . . . the statue and epi- 
 graph under it of that renowned physitiaii 
 Dr. Harvey, discoverer of the circulation of 
 the blood. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 3, 1662. 
 
 EPIKY (IjTwiieaa) "expresses exactly 
 that moderation which recognises the 
 impossibility cleaving to formal law of 
 anticipating and providing for all cases 
 that will emerge, and present them- 
 selves to it for decision; which, with 
 this, recognises the danger that ever 
 waits upon the assertion of legal rights 
 lest they should be pushed into moral 
 wrongs, lest the sumimimjus should in 
 fact prove the summa injuria ; which, 
 therefore, pushes not its own rights to 
 the uttermost, but going back in part 
 or in the whole from these, rectifies 
 and redresses the injustices of justice" 
 (Trench, New Test. Synonyms, sect. 43). 
 
 I am provoked of some to condemn this 
 law, but I am not able, so it be but for a 
 time, and upon weighty considerations ; so 
 that it be used rarely, seldomly : for avoiding 
 disturbance in the commonwealth, such an 
 epiky and moderation may be used in it. 
 Latimer, i. 182. 
 
 EPIPHONEME, an exclamation. This 
 Anglicised form is not common. 
 
 [The wise man] in th' ende cryed out with 
 this Epyphoneme, Vanitas vanitatum et omnia 
 vanitas. Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. II. ch. 
 xii. 
 
 EPISCOPANT, a bishop. 
 
 The intercession of all these apostolic 
 fathers could not prevail with them to alter 
 their resolved decree of reducing into order 
 their usurping and over-provendered episco- 
 pcnits. Milton, Prelatical Episcopacy. 
 
 EPISCOPIZE, to consecrate to the epis-
 
 EPISTAL 
 
 ( 222 ) 
 
 ESCRITOIRE 
 
 copal office. The word usually signifies 
 to exercise that office. 
 
 They alleged that he had even pressed the 
 Greek to consecrate him a bishop also. . . . 
 There seems reason to believe that "Wesley 
 was willing to have been episcopized upon 
 this occasion. Southey, Life of Wesley, ch. 
 xx vi. 
 
 EPISTAL, epistyle or architrave. R. 
 gives epistyle, but his only extract is 
 from Evelyn, who uses the Latin epis- 
 tylium. 
 
 The walls and pauement of polished mar- 
 ble, circled with a great Corinthian wreath, 
 with pillars and Epistals of like workman- 
 ship. Sandys, Travels, p. 287. 
 
 EPITAPHER, a writer of epitaphs. 
 
 Epitaphers . , . swarme like Crowes to a 
 dead carcas. Nashe, Pref. to Greene's Mena* 
 phon, p. 14. 
 
 EPITAPHIC, epitaph. 
 
 An epitaphic is the writinge that is sette on 
 deade mennes toumbes or graues in memory 
 or commendacion of the parties there buried. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 221. 
 
 EPOPffiiST, a writer of epics. 
 
 It is not long since two of our best-known 
 epopceists, or, to use the more common term, 
 of our novel-writers, have concluded each a 
 work published by instalments. Phillips, 
 Essays from the Times, ii. 321. 
 
 EPOSCULATION, kissing. 
 
 I pass over your . . . incurvations and 
 eposculations. your benedictions and humilia- 
 tions. Hecon, iii. 283. 
 
 EQUESTRIAL, equestrian : for which 
 it may be a misprint. 
 
 There are two others of the same King, 
 one equestrial, and most furiously ugly, in 
 Stocks-market, and the other in Soho-square. 
 Misson, Travels in Eny., p. 309. 
 
 EQUINOCTIA, equinoxes. Shakespeare 
 had already used the English form 
 equinox (Othello, ii. 3). 
 
 Shepherds of people had need know the 
 calenders of tempests in state, which are 
 commonly greatest when things grow to 
 equality, as natural tempests about the equi- 
 noctia. Bacon, Essays (Seditions). 
 
 EQUIPAGE, equality. This sense, as 
 Bp. Jacobson observes, clears up the 
 passage in the Merry Wives of Wind- 
 sor, which has perplexed commentators. 
 See N., . v. The expression only oc- 
 curs in the quarto, and is not found in 
 the best modern editions. 
 
 Faht. I will not lend thee a penny. 
 
 Pint. I will retort the sum in equipage. 
 
 ii. 2. 
 
 Nor doth it sound well that the examples 
 of men, though never so godly, should, as to 
 the effect of warranting our actions, stand in 
 so near equipage with the commands of God, 
 as they are here placed jointly together, 
 without any character of difference so much 
 as in degree. Sanderson, Preface, 1655, ii. 10. 
 
 EQUITAL, requital. 
 
 [A besieged general] rather used the spade 
 than the sword, . . . referring the revenge 
 rather to the end, than to a present equital. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 266. 
 
 EQUIVALUE, to put on a par. 
 
 He has the fault of all our antiquaries, 
 to equivalue the noble and the rabble of 
 authorities. W. Taylor, 1803 (Robberd? 
 Memoir, i. 470.) 
 
 EREMITAL, belonging to a hermit ; 
 eremitish, or eremitical, are the more 
 usual adjectives. 
 
 "Would or would not this godfather general 
 have been happier in a convent or hermitage 
 than he was in thus following his own hu- 
 mour ? It was Dr. Dove's opinion that upon 
 the whole he would ; not that a conventual, 
 and still less an eremital way of life would 
 have been more rational. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. Ixviii. 
 
 ERISTIC, a controversialist. See ex- 
 tract from Gauden, s. v. Euchiie. L. 
 has the word as an adjective, with a 
 quotation from a work published in 
 1698 ; Gauden's book appeared nearly 
 forty years earlier. 
 
 ERRABUND, wandering. 
 
 "While I have listened and looked on ... 
 have you with your errabund guesses, veering 
 to all points of the literary compass, amused 
 the many-humoured yet single-minded Pau- 
 tagruelist, the quotationipotent mottocrat. 
 Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter xiii. 
 
 ESCLANDRE, disturbance ; this French 
 word is almost naturalised. Mr. Kings- 
 ley does not italicise it nor apparently 
 mark it as foreign. 
 
 Scoutbush, to avoid esclandre and misery, 
 thought it as well to waive the proviso, and 
 paid her her dividends as usual. C. Kingsley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. xi. 
 
 ESCRIPT, writing. 
 
 Ye have silenced almost all her able guides, 
 and daily burn their escripts. British Hell- 
 man, 1648 (Harl. Misc., vii. 625). 
 
 ESCRITOIRE, a desk or bureau. 
 
 A hundred guineas will buy you a rich 
 escritoir for your billets-doux. Farquhar, 
 Constant Couple, v. 1. 
 
 Sir Charles . . . broke the seals that had
 
 ESMAYLE 
 
 ( 22 3 ) 
 
 EUNUCH 
 
 been affixed to the cabinets and escritores. 
 Richardson, Grandison, ii. 223. 
 
 ESMAYLE, or EMAYLE, enamel. The 
 second extract is from N. and Q., I. v. 
 467. 
 
 Set rich rubie to red esmayle, 
 
 The raven's plume to peacock's tail. 
 
 Lay me the larkes to lizard's eyes. 
 
 The duskie cloud to azure skies ; 
 
 There shall no lesse an ods be seene 
 In mine from euery other Queen. 
 Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 It is reported that the Pope long since 
 gaue them [Icelanders] a dispensation to 
 receiue the Sacrament in ale, insomuch as 
 for their vncessaut frosts there, no wine but 
 was turned to red emayle as soon as euer it 
 came amongst them. Nashe, Terrors of the 
 Night (1594), D. iii. 
 
 ESPINETTE. L. defines spinet (the 
 more usual form), a small harpsichord, 
 but Pepys distinguishes between the 
 two. 
 
 Called upon one HaywarcT, that makes 
 virginalls, and there did like of a little espi* 
 nette, and will have him finish it for me ; for 
 I had a mind to a small harpsichon, but this 
 takes up less room. Pepys, Ap. 4, 1668. 
 
 At noon is brought home the espinette I 
 bought the other day of Hayward ; cost me 
 5. Ibid., July 15. 
 
 To buy a rest for my espinette at the iron- 
 monger's. Ibid., July 20. 
 
 ESPOUSAGE, marriage. 
 
 Such one as the King can find in his heart 
 to love, and lead his life in pure and chaste 
 espousage. Latimer, i. 94. 
 
 ESQUIEEESSE, female esquire. The 
 extract is of the date 1596. 
 
 The principal mourueress apparelled as an 
 esquieresse. Fosbroke, Smyth's Lives of the 
 Herkeleys, p. 211. 
 
 ESTBAIT, to narrow or confine. 
 
 So that at this day the Turk hath estrayted 
 us very nere, and brought it within a right 
 narrow compass, and narrower shall do, say 
 thay, as long as we go about to defend 
 Crystendome by the sword. Sir T. More, 
 Dialoge, p. 145. 
 
 ESTRANGFULL, foreign. 
 
 And over these (being on horse backe) they 
 drew greaues or buskins embrodered with 
 gould, and enterlac't with rewes of fethers ; 
 altogether estrangfull and Indian like. 
 Chapman, Masque of Mid. Temple. 
 
 ESTRANGE TO, estrange from. 
 Mr. Meekly had long estranged himself to 
 Enfield. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 152. 
 
 ETCH, to eke, augment. H. gives it 
 as a Kentish word. 
 
 Where the lion's skin is too short, we must 
 etch it out with the fox's case. Cotton's 
 Montaigne, ch. v. 
 
 ETERNE, to eternise or render im- 
 mortal. 
 Then thus I spake, O spirits diuine and 
 
 learned, 
 Whose happy labours haue your lands 
 
 eterned. Sylvester, Babylon, 697. 
 O idiot's shame, and envy of the learned ! 
 O verse right-worthy to be ay eterned. 
 
 Ibid., The Trophies, 977. 
 
 ETHEREALITY, airiness ; spirituality. 
 
 Fire, energy, ethereality have departed. I 
 am the soil without the sun, the cask with- 
 out the wine, the garments without the man. 
 Lytton, Pelham^ ch. Ixxiii. 
 
 ETIOLATED, debilitated. 
 
 I had the pleasure of encountering him ; 
 left a bullet in one of his poor etiolated arms, 
 feeble as the wing of a chicken in the pip, 
 and then thought I had done with the whole 
 crew. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xv. 
 
 ETTLE, a nettle. In the Chwardens 1 
 Accounts of Minchinghampton, 1688, 
 one shilling appears as paid "for 
 cutting ettles" (Archceol., xxxv. 451). 
 
 EUCHITE, one who prays. 
 
 Fanatick Errour and Levity would seem 
 an Euchite as well as an Eristick, Prayant 
 as well as predicant, a Devotionist as well as 
 a Disputant, insinuating itself with no less 
 cunning under a Votary's Cowle than in a 
 Doctor's Chair, in Prayers, Sacraments, and 
 Euchologies as well as in Preachings, Dis- 
 putations, and Writings. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 93. 
 
 EUCLIONISM, stinginess: from Euclio, 
 a miser, in^-the Aulularia of Plautus. 
 See quotation more at length, s. v. 
 
 HUDDLE-DUDDLE. 
 
 Their miserable euclionisme and snudgery. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 147). 
 
 EuDjEMON, a good angel. See quota- 
 tion more at length, s. v. CACODEMONISE. 
 
 The simple appendage of a tail will caco- 
 demonise the Eudemon. Southey, The Doctor, 
 Fraym. on Beards. 
 
 EUD^EMONISM, a system which attri- 
 butes happiness to good luck or destiny; 
 
 Ethics, braced up into stoical vigour by 
 renouncing all effeminate dallyings with Eu- 
 damonism, would indirectly have co-operated 
 with the sublime ideals of Christianity. De 
 Quincey, Last Days of Kant. 
 
 EUNUCH, as an adj., = unproductive. 
 He had a mind wholly eunuch and un-
 
 EUNUCHISE 
 
 ( 224 ) 
 
 EVICKE 
 
 generative in matters of literature and taste. 
 Godicin, Mandeville, iii. 96. 
 
 EUNUCHISE, to emasculate. 
 
 Never thinking them or their Religion 
 sufficiently circumcised, till they are quite 
 excoriated, exsected, eunuchised,th&t is, made 
 so poor and dispirited. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 321. 
 
 EUPEPTIC, having a good digestion ; 
 healthful. See quotation s. v. Eu- 
 PRACTIC. 
 
 The eupeptic right-thinking nature of the 
 man, his sanguineous temper with its vivacity 
 and sociality, .... all these fitted Baillie to 
 be a leader in General Assemblies and con- 
 claves, a man deputable to the London Par- 
 liament and elsewhither. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 224. 
 
 EUPRACTIC, acting well. 
 
 An easy laconic gentleman of grave polite- 
 ness ; apt to lose temper at play, yet on the 
 whole good - humoured, eupeptic, and eu- 
 practic. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 215. 
 
 EUTHANASIA. The Diets, give this 
 word with a quotation from Bp. Hall, 
 but it does not seem to have been quite 
 naturalized in 1678, when Abp. Sun- 
 croft, writing to Bp. Morley, says 
 
 There is no man, I think, who, observing 
 you to make to land, and ready to put into 
 port, did not follow you wibh his good wishes 
 that your anchors and cable might hold ; that 
 you might ride safe there from all harms, 
 and enjoy a long and an easy old age, and 
 at last find that happy tvQavaaia that always 
 attends a life led according to the rules of 
 our great and common Master. D'Oyley's 
 Life of Sancroft, ch. iv. 
 
 EVACUATORY, a purge. 
 
 An imposthume calls for a lance, and op- 
 pletion for unpalatable evacuatories. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 309. 
 
 EVACUITY, a vacancy. 
 
 Fit it was, therefore, so many evacuities 
 should be filled up, to mount the meeting to 
 a competent number. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. 
 ix. 7. 
 
 EVANESCE, to vanish in a subtle or 
 imperceptible way. 
 
 I believe him to have evanesced or evapor- 
 ated. De Quincey, Conf. of an Opium-eater, 
 p. 79. 
 
 EVANGELICALISM, the teaching and 
 habits of those who styled themselves 
 Evangelical ; low-Churchism. 
 
 Evangelicalism had cast a certain suspicion 
 as of plague-infection over the few amuse- 
 ments which survived in the provinces. G. 
 Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xvi. 
 
 EVAPOR, to evaporate. The word 
 occurs again in Sandys, p. 268. 
 JStna here thunders with an horrid noise ; 
 Sometimes blacke clouds euaporeth to skies. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 243. 
 
 EVASIVE, an evasion. 
 
 The party took courage, and fallowed their 
 game full cry, like hounds in view, without 
 much trouble about precautions and evasives : 
 they stuck at nothing. North, Examen, p. 
 90. 
 
 But what may not be said and wrote, if 
 this author's evasives may pass? Ibid. p. 
 399. 
 
 EVE-DROPPER, a thief ; one who loiters 
 about a house for an unlawful purpose. 
 It is usually applied to a spy or listener, 
 and spelt eaves or eves-dropper; eaves 
 is both sing, and plural. 
 
 Soldiers may come within the statute of 
 murder, as well as pads on the highway, and 
 may be as guilty of thefts as eve-droppers or 
 cut-purses. Gentleman Instructed, p. 181. 
 
 EVEISH, curious, like Eve. 
 
 I saw it was a long letter; I felt very 
 Eveish, my dear ; Lucy said afterwards that 
 I did so leer at it ; an ugly word, importing 
 slyness. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 210. 
 
 EVEN-DOWN, downright, plain, simple. 
 The rain, whick had hitherto fallen at 
 intervals, in an undecided manner, now burst 
 forth in what in Scotland is emphatically 
 called an even-down pour. Miss Ferrier, In- 
 heritance, vol. II. ch. xvi. 
 Oh what a moody moralist you grow ! 
 Yet in the even-down letter you are right. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. I. i. 10. 
 
 EVERLASTING, a strong sort of cloth. 
 H. says " formerly much worn by serv- 
 ants." 
 
 From the quickset hedge aforesaid he now 
 raised, with all due delicacy, a well-worn and 
 somewhat dilapidated jacket, of a stuff by 
 drapers most pseudonymously termed " ever- 
 lasting." Inyoldsby Let/ends (Jarvis's Wig). 
 
 EVERSIVE, destructive, subversive, 
 which is the commoner word. 
 
 No man or nations of men can possibly be 
 bound by any consents or contracts eversive 
 of the laws of God and of their own nature. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 39. 
 
 Such a strange medley of fighting incon- 
 sistencies and self-evident absurdities . . . are 
 wholly eversive of every principle of right, 
 reason, and common sense. Ibid. ii. 133. 
 
 EVICKE, ibex. 
 The evicke skipping from a rock into the 
 
 breast he smote, 
 And headlong fell'd him from his cliff . 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, iv. 122.
 
 E VIDENCER 
 
 ( 225 ) EXCURSIONER 
 
 EVIDENCER, a witness. 
 
 Gates wrought, as it seems, for his good, 
 to bring him into the preferment of an 
 evidence's place. North, Examen, p. 238. 
 
 Means were made that he should have an 
 allowance and his pardon, to capacitate him 
 for swearing all this, and no body knows 
 what more. The King granted the former 
 for some time, but would not carry the latter 
 so far as to restore him to the state of an 
 evidence?. Ibid. p. 259. 
 
 EVIDIBLE, capable of giving evidence. 
 
 Every of which particulars will be justif yd, 
 if need should require, by the othes of divers 
 evidible witnesses. Yorkshire Diaries, 1647 
 (Surtees Soc.), p. 21. 
 
 EvULGE, to publish. 
 
 I made this recueil meerly for mine own 
 entertainment, and not with any intention 
 to evulffe it. Pref. to A nnot. on Sir T. Browne's 
 Reliyio Medici. 
 
 EWE-NECKED, having a hollow in the 
 neck. 
 
 The animal he bestrode was a broken-down 
 plough-horse . . . gaunt and shagged, with a 
 ewe-neck, and a head like a hammer. Irving, 
 Sketch Book (Sleepy Hollow). 
 
 Such a courser ! all blood and bone, short- 
 backed, broad-chested, and, but that he was 
 a little ewe-necked, faultless in form and 
 figure. Ingoldsby Lee/ends (Grey Dolphin). 
 
 EWRIE, the place where the ewers for 
 washing the hands before and after 
 meals were kept. See H., s. v. ewery. 
 
 " No," says the King, " shew me the way, 
 I'll go to Sir Richard's chamber," which he 
 immediately did, walking along the entries 
 after me, as far as the ewrie, till he came up 
 into the roome where I also lay. Evelyn, 
 Diary, March 1, 1671. 
 
 EXAGGERATIVE, hyperbolical. 
 
 Hear Vicars, a poor human soul zealously 
 prophesying as if through the organs of au 
 ass, in a not mendacious, yet loud-spoken, 
 exaggerative, more or less asinine manner. 
 Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 142. 
 
 EXAM, examination (a common ab- 
 breviation). 
 
 Things may be altered since the writer of 
 this novelette went through his exam. 
 Driven to Rome (1877), p. 67. 
 
 EXASPERATE, to increase in severity ; 
 usually an active verb. 
 
 The distemper exasperated, till it was mani- 
 fest she could not last many weeks. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, i. 158. 
 
 EXCATHEDRATE, to condemn authori- 
 tatively or ex cathedrd. 
 
 Whom sho'd I feare to write to, if I can 
 Stand before you, my learn 'd diocesan ? 
 And never shew blood-guiltinesse or feare 
 To see my lines excathedrated here. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 66. 
 
 EXCELSITUDE, height. 
 
 Rouze thy spirites out of this drowsie 
 lethargic of mellancholly they are drencht 
 in, and wrest them up to the most out- 
 stretched ayry straine of elevation, to chauut 
 and carroll forth the alteza and excelsitvde of 
 this monarchall fludy induperator. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 157). 
 
 EXCEREBRATE, to cast out from the 
 brain. 
 
 Hath it [faith] not sovereign virtue in it to 
 excerebrate all cares, expectorate all fears and 
 griefs ? Ward, Sermons, p. 25. 
 
 EXCISE, duty on certain articles con- 
 sumed at home. Howell fixes the 
 Great Rebellion as the time when this 
 word became familiar. The only in- 
 stance supplied by the Diets, of an 
 earlier date is one from Sir J. Hay ward. 
 
 We have brought those exotic words plun- 
 dring and storming, and that once abomin- 
 able word excise, to be now familiar among 
 them. Hoicell, Parly of Beasts, p. 37. 
 
 EXCISEMAN, the extract shows that 
 this word was not in literary use at the 
 time. 
 
 A certain number of Gangers, called by 
 the Vulgar, Excise-men. Defoe, Tour thro 1 
 G. Britain, ii. 108. 
 
 EXCRUCIAMENT, anguish. 
 
 To this wild of sorrowes and excruciament 
 she was confined. Nashe, Lenten Stujj'e 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 177). 
 
 EXCURSE, to digress : excur is in the 
 Diets. 
 
 But how I excurse! Yet thou usedst to 
 say thou likedst my excursions. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, iii. 71. 
 
 EXCURSION, projecting addition to a 
 building. 
 
 Sure I am that small excursion out of 
 gentlemen's halls in Dorcetshire (respect it 
 East or West) is commonly called an orial. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 285. 
 
 Let the model of countrey Churches be well 
 observed, wherein such excursions of building 
 as present themselves beyond the old fabrick 
 (from which ofttimes they differ as neater 
 and newer) were since erected, and added, as 
 intended and used for chauteries. Hid. p. 
 354. 
 
 EXCURSIONER, one who goes on r.n 
 excursion. Excursionist is more usual 
 Q
 
 EXCURSIVENESS ( 226 ) EXPECTORATE 
 
 now, and is marked "recent" by L., 
 who gives no example. 
 
 The royal excursioners did not return till 
 between six and seven o'clock. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, III. 111. 
 
 EXCURSIVENESS, a running out. The 
 extract seems to imply that the word 
 was a new one. The only example in 
 the Diets, is of the date 1798. 
 
 Remember that your excursiveness (allow 
 me the word, I had a rasher in my head) 
 upon old maids and your lord, can only please 
 yourself. Richardson, Grandison, v. 313. 
 
 EXCUTIFIDIAN, one who believes that 
 saving faith or grace can be wholly 
 lost or shaken off. 
 
 I am sorry that any of our new Excutifidi- 
 ans should pester your Suffolk. Up. Hall, 
 Works, x. 499. 
 
 EXECRATIOUS, cursing. 
 
 Off went his hat to one corner of the 
 room, his wig to the other. D n n seize 
 the world ! and a whole volley of such like 
 execrations wishes. Richardson, Cl. Rarlmce, 
 viii. 99. 
 
 EXECRATIVE, vilifying, cursing. 
 
 Foul old Koine screamed execratively her 
 loudest, so that the true shape of many 
 things is lost for us. ... Into the body of 
 the poor Taters, execrative Roman history 
 intercalated an alphabetic letter ; and so 
 they continue Tartars of fell Tartarean 
 nature to this day. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 III. Bk. i. ch. i. 
 
 EXECRATORY, abusive, denunciatory. 
 
 I shall take the liberty of narrating Lance- 
 lot's fanatical conduct without execratory 
 comment, certain that he will still receive 
 his just reward of condemnation. C. Kings- 
 ley, Yeast, ch. xiv. 
 
 EXECUTANT, one who executes or 
 performs. 
 
 Rosamond, with the executant's instinct, 
 had seized his manner of playing. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xvi. 
 
 EXELTERED, furnished with an axle- 
 tree. In his catalogue of " husbandlie 
 furniture " Tusser reckons, 
 Strong exeltered cart that is clouted and shod. 
 Husbandrie, p. 36. 
 
 EXEMPT, taken out of the common 
 herd, excellent. 
 
 Of whose fair sex we come to offer seven, 
 The most exempt for excellence. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, ix. 604. 
 
 EXHILARANT, that which exhilarates. 
 
 To Leonard it was an exhilarant and a 
 cordial which rejoiced and strengthened 
 him. Southey, The Doctor, ch. kxvii. 
 
 EXIGENT, requiring, standing in need 
 of ; the word is not uncommon as a 
 substantive = necessity, and L. has 
 one instance of it as an adjective from 
 Burke, but rather in the sense of press- 
 ing or critical, " this exigent moment." 
 But now this body, exigent of rest, 
 "Will needs put in a claim. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. i. 2. 
 
 This age 
 
 Shall aptly choose as answering best its own, 
 A love that dims not, nor is exigent, 
 Encumbers not the active purposes, 
 Nor drains their source. 
 
 Ibid., Edirin the Fair, ii. 2. 
 EXIGEXTER, " an officer of the Com- 
 mon Pleas who makes out exigents and 
 proclamations in all actions in which 
 process of outlawry lies " (Bailey}. 
 
 The cursitors are by counties ; these are 
 the Lord Chancellor's. The philizers and 
 exiyenters are by counties also, and are of the 
 Common Pleas. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 186. 
 
 EXOCULATION, putting out eyes. 
 
 The history of Europe during the dark 
 ages abounds with examples of exondation, 
 as it was called by those writers who endea- 
 voured, towards the middle of the seven- 
 teenth century, to introduce the style-ornate 
 into our prose, after it had been banished 
 from poetry. Southey, Roderick, ii. note. 
 
 EXPANSIVITY, expansiveness. 
 
 In a word offences (of elasticity or expans- 
 ivity) have accumulated to such height in 
 the lad's fifteenth year, that there is a deter- 
 mination taken on the part of .Rhadaman- 
 thus-Scriblerus to pack him out of doors. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 87. 
 
 EXPECTEDLY, in conformity with ex- 
 pectation. 
 
 Lord Mansfield . . . unexpectedly is sup- 
 ported by the late Chancellor, the Duke of 
 Newcastle, and that part of the Ministry, 
 and very expectedly by Mr. Fox. Walpole to 
 Mann, iii. 277 (1758). 
 
 EXPECTLESS, unexpected. 
 But when hee saw mee enter so expecilesse, 
 To heare his base exclaimes of murther, mur- 
 
 ther, 
 
 Made mee thinke noblesse lost, in him quicke 
 buried. 
 
 Chapman, Revenge of JSussy D'Ambois, 
 Act II. 
 
 EXPECTORATE, to clear the breast, 
 and so to confide. Now only used of 
 spitting. See quotation s. v. EXCEBE- 
 
 BRATE. 
 
 Sir George came hither yesterday to ex- 
 pectorate with me, as he called it. Think
 
 EXPEDIENCY ( 227 ) 
 
 EXSCRIPT 
 
 how I pricked up my ears, as high as King 
 Midas, to hear a Lyttelton vent his griev- 
 ances agaiust a Pitt arid Grenvilles. Wai- 
 pole, Letters, i. 370 (1754). 
 
 EXPEDIENCY, expedient. 
 
 The Doctor was chosen by the college of 
 Westminster their clerk to sit in convoca- 
 tion, where he proposed a most excellent 
 expediency (which would be of happy use if 
 still continued), for the satisfaction of some 
 scrupulous members in the House of Com- 
 mons, about the ceremonies of our Church. 
 Barnard, Life of Heylin, p. cxvii. 
 
 EXPEDIENTIALLY, for the sake of ex- 
 pediency. 
 
 Whenever we deviate though we should 
 never deviate save expedinntially from 
 accepted usage, a strict observance of ana- 
 logy, and of analogy taken in its most com- 
 prehensive acceptation, is invariably indis- 
 pensable. Hall, Modern English, p. 39. 
 
 EXPENDITRIX, a woman who dis- 
 burses money. 
 
 Mrs. Celier was the go-between and ex- 
 penditrix in affairs, which lay much in 
 relieving of Catholics, and taking them out 
 of prisons. North, Examen, p. 257. 
 
 EXPERGEFACTION, awaking ; arous- 
 ing. 
 
 Having, after such a long noctivagation 
 and variety of horrid visions, returu'd to my 
 perfect ex peryef action, I began, by a serious 
 recollection of myself, to recall to my 
 thoughts by way of reminiscence those dis- 
 mall and dreadf ull objects that had appeared 
 unto me. Hoicell, Parly of Beasts, p. 45. 
 
 EXPERT, one who has had special 
 experience in some branch of study. 
 This noun is now in frequent use, but 
 is not in the Diets. 
 
 How bountifully have Providence and the 
 wisdom of our ancestors provided us with 
 popes, priests, philologists, and other pro- 
 curators, specialists, and experts. Hall, 
 Modern English, p. 38. 
 
 EXPISCATORY, fishing out. 
 
 By innumerable confrontations and expis- 
 catory questions, through entanglements, 
 doublings, and windings that fatigue eye 
 and soul, this most involute of lies is finally 
 winded off. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. 
 xvi. 
 
 EXPLEAT, satisfy. 
 
 Nothing under an Infinite can expleat and 
 satiate the immortal minde of man. Fuller, 
 Pisyah Siyht, IV. vii. 2. 
 
 EXPLETIVE. In ordinary use, and in 
 all the quotations given in the Diets., 
 this substantive has reference to words 
 which fill up a line or speech, but are 
 
 in themselves superfluous: perhnps its 
 most frequent application at present is 
 to oaths, but in the extract it means 
 diddledomes (q. v.) or kickshaws. 
 
 There were three fine grown pullets, an 
 excellent Yorkshire ham, a loin of veal, and 
 the custard-pudding which Mrs. Quick had 
 tossed up, adorned with currant-jelly, a 
 gooseberry tart, with other ornamental ex- 
 pletives of the same kind. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. IX. ch. xv. 
 
 EXPRESSIONAL, belonging to expres- 
 sions ; phraseological. 
 
 To enumerate and criticize all the verbal 
 and expressional solecisms which disfigure 
 our literature would be an undertaking of 
 enormous labour. Hall, Modern Enylish, 
 p. 36. 
 
 EXPRESSIONLESS, devoid of expression. 
 
 For their depth of expressionless calm, of 
 passionless peace, a polar snow-field could 
 alone offer a type. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. 
 xx. 
 
 He was a small man, with an impenetrable, 
 expressionless face, who never was known to 
 unbend himself to a human being. H. 
 Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xiii. 
 
 The hard, glittering, expressionless eyes 
 were watching her. Black, Princess of Thule, 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 EXPRESSLESS, inexpressible. 
 I may pour forth my soul into thine arms, 
 With words of love, whose moaning inter- 
 course 
 Hath hitherto been stayed with wrath and 
 
 hate 
 Of our expressless bann'd inflictions. 
 
 Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, V. ii. 
 
 EXPUGNANCE, capture. 
 If he that dreadful .^Egis bears, and Pallas, 
 
 grant to me 
 Th' expuynance of well-builded Troy, I first 
 
 will honour thee 
 Next to myself with some rich gift. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, viii. 247. 
 
 EXQUIFITIVENESS, exquisiteness. 
 
 If this specimen of Slawkenbergius's tales, 
 and the exquisitiveness of his moral, should 
 please the world, translated shall a couple of 
 volumes be. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iii. 118. 
 
 EXSCRIPT, extracted writing. Davies 
 describes our Lord's Passion as the poll- 
 deed by which we are discharged from 
 our liabilities. " The speare the pen, 
 His pretious blood the inke." He does 
 not insert the s when it follows ex. 
 There are two examples of this in the 
 extract. See also EXSTERCORATE. 
 Ah, might it please Thy dread Exuperance 
 To write th'excript thereof in humble hearts. 
 Davies, Holy Jtoode, p. 13. 
 Q 2
 
 EXSIBILATION ( 228 ) 
 
 EYE 
 
 EXSIBILATION, hissing off ; condemn- 
 ation. 
 
 Who can choose but blush to hear those 
 who would go for Orthodox Christians, now, 
 at the latter end of the day, after so many 
 ages of exsibilation, to take upon them the 
 defence of a noted heretic ? Bp. Hall, 
 Works, x. 237. 
 
 EXSTERCORATE, to dung out. For the 
 spelling see EXSCRIPT. 
 Shall fleshlesse frailtie, O shall euer flesh 
 Extercorate her filth Thee to annoy ? 
 
 Lames, Holy Roode, p. 20. 
 
 EXSUFFLE, to breathe upon. 
 
 At Easter and Whitsontide .... they 
 which were to be baptized were attired in 
 white garments, exorcised, and exsuffled, with 
 sundrie ceremonies, which I leave to the 
 learned in Christian antiquities. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 768. 
 
 EXTENUATIVE, extenuating plea or 
 circumstance. 
 
 The Author brings in the matter by way 
 of euormity, one of those that is to extenuate 
 the intended rebellion and massacre at the 
 Bye, where we shall arrive as soon as these 
 extenuatives are dismissed. North, Examen, 
 p. 320. 
 
 Enter then a concise character of the 
 times, which he puts forward as another 
 extenuative of the intended rebellion. Ibid. 
 p. 370. 
 
 EXTERIALL, external. 
 Fyrst beware in especiall 
 Of the outwarde man exteriall, 
 
 Though he shewe a fayre aperaunce. 
 Roy and Barlow, Read me and 
 be nott wroth, p. 123. 
 
 EXTERMINION, extermination. See 
 H. s. v. 
 
 To whom she werketh vtter confusion and 
 exterminion, the same persones she doeth 
 firste laughe upon and flatre with some vn- 
 quod prosperitee of things. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 182. 
 
 EXTERNITY, outwardness. 
 
 The internity of His ever-living light 
 kindled up an externity of corporeal irradi- 
 ation. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 249. 
 
 EXTRACTABLE, able to be extracted. 
 
 No more money was extractalle from his 
 pocket. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, 
 zxviii. 
 
 EXTRAVAGANZIST, extravagant or 
 eccentric person. 
 
 Cornelius "Webbe is one of the best of 
 that numerous school of extravagan:ists who 
 spraug from the ruins of Lamb. E, A. Foe, 
 Marginalia, cxv. 
 
 EXTBUMPERE, extempore: a jocose 
 perversion of the word. 
 
 Sir Thomas More in lyke case gybeth at 
 one that made vaunt of certeyn pild verses 
 clowted vp extrumpere. Startyhurst, Virgil, 
 Dedic. 
 
 EXTRINSECALS, outward accidents or 
 circumstances ; things not pertaining 
 to the substance. 
 
 Kuox and "Whittingham were as much 
 bent against the substance of the book as 
 against any of the circumstantials and ex- 
 trinsecals which belonged unto it. Heylin, 
 Reformation, ii. 179. 
 
 EXUL, exile. The Latin word pro- 
 bably got into the text inadvertently. 
 
 Seeing his soldiers somewhat distressed, lie 
 sendeth for the regiment of the Roman exuls. 
 Holland, Livy, p. 46. 
 
 EXUSTIBLE, capable of being burnt up. 
 
 Contention is like fire, for both burn so 
 long as there is any exustible matter to con- 
 tend with. Adams, ii. 149. 
 
 ETE, a window. 
 
 All the nobility had contracted themselves 
 to live in coops of a diniiig-room, a dark 
 back-room with one eye in a corner, and a 
 closet. Walpole to Mann, i. 318 (1743). 
 
 EYE. At eye = at a glance, very 
 plainly. 
 
 We trust that He whose cause it is, and 
 who hath begun this notable work in you, 
 shall perform it to the glory of God, . . . and 
 to the comfort of the whole Christian world, 
 which, as may appear daily at eye, laboureth 
 universally to be disburdened from that old 
 tyrannical yoke. Alp. Parker to Q. Eliz. 
 (Correspondence, p. 130). 
 
 EYE. All my eye = nonsense ; un- 
 true. Sometimes, " all my eye and 
 Betty Martin ; " the explanation that it 
 was the beginning of a prayer, " 
 mild beate Marline" will not hold 
 water. Dr. Butler, when head-master 
 of Shrewsbury (he became Bp. of Lich- 
 field in 1836), told his boys that it arose 
 from a gipsy woman in Shrewsbury 
 named Betty Martin giving a black eye 
 to a constable, who was chaffed by the 
 boys accordingly. The expression must 
 have been common in 1837, as Dickens 
 gives one of the Brick-lane Temperance 
 testimonials as from " Betty Martin, 
 widow, one child, and one eye " (Pick- 
 wick, ch. xxxiii.) ; it occurs also in St. 
 Ronan's Well, ch. xxxi. All my eye 
 may have come from the phrase used 
 by Bramhall and Brown, which Fuller
 
 EYE 
 
 ( 229 ) 
 
 E YE- WAITER 
 
 says was used proverbially of him who 
 made a bargain detrimental to himself 
 ( Worthies, Anglesey, ii. 571). 
 
 You have had conferences arid conferences 
 again at Poissy and other places, and gained 
 by them just as much as you might put in 
 your eye, and see never the worse, Bram- 
 hall, i. 68. 
 
 Bating Namure, he might have put all the 
 glorious harvests he yearly reap'd there into 
 his eye, and not have prejudiced his royal 
 sight in the least. T. Brown, Works, ii. 329. 
 The tenderness of spring is all my eye, 
 And that is blighted. Hood,, Spring. 
 
 EYE. To have by the eye, i. e. in 
 abundance, so that it should satisfy the 
 eye as well as the stomach. 
 
 Ith. Troth, master, I'm loth such a pot of 
 pottage should be spoiled. 
 Bar. Peace, Ithamore, 'tis better so than 
 
 spared ; 
 Assure thyself thou shalt have broth by the 
 
 eye; 
 My purse, my coffer, and myself is thine. 
 
 Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4. 
 
 Here's money and gold by th' eye, my boy. 
 
 Beaum. and Fl., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2. 
 
 EYE-BKEIS, eye-lashes (?). 
 
 They die their eye-breis and eye-browes: 
 (the latter by art made high, halfe circular, 
 and to meete, if naturally they do not.) 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 67. 
 
 EYE-BRINE, tears. 
 The Judge that would be lik'st Him, when 
 
 he giues 
 His doome on the delinquent most that 
 
 grieues 
 Powders his words in Eye-brine. 
 
 Dames, Sir T. Overbury, p. 13. 
 
 EYEBROWLESS, without eyebrows. 
 
 In those four male personages, although 
 complexionless and eyebrowless, I beheld four 
 subjects of the Family P. Salcy. Dickens, 
 Uncommercial Traveller, xxv. 
 
 EYE-RETORTING, looking backward. 
 And a third rode upon a rounded rack, 
 As on the eye-retorting dolphin's back, 
 That let Arion ride him for the pleasure 
 Of his touched harp. 
 
 Leigh Hunt, Foliage, p. 28. 
 
 EYES. " To cry one's eyes out," to 
 
 weep excessively. Fuller puns on this 
 expression. 
 
 The face of the Church was so blubber'd 
 with teares, that she may seem almost to 
 have wept her eyes out, having lost her seers 
 and priucipall pastours. Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. 
 v. 22. 
 
 EYE-SORROW, eye-sore ; a grievance 
 to the sight. 
 
 Saint Antoine turns out, as it has now 
 often done, and, apparently with little super- 
 fluous tumult, moves eastward to that eye- 
 sorrow of Vincennes. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 II. Bk. III. ch. v. ^ 
 
 These hungry magnificent individuals, of 
 whom Sardanapalus Hay is one, and supreme 
 Car another, are an eye-sorrow to English 
 subjects. Ibid., Misc., iv. 319. 
 
 EYE-SPOT, a k'ind of lily of a violet 
 or black colour, with a red spot in the 
 midst of each leaf. See note in loc. 
 
 And here amid her sable cup 
 Shines the red eye-spot, like one brightest star 
 The solitary twinkler of the night. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. VI. 
 
 EYE-STAR, the centre of the eye-spot, 
 q.v.(?). 
 
 The episodes and digressions fringe [the 
 story] like so many featherlets leading up to 
 that catastrophe, the gem or eye-star, for 
 which the whole was formed, and iu which 
 all terminate. Southey, The Doctor, Preface. 
 
 EYE - WAGES, specious but unsub- 
 stantial payment. 
 
 If sometimes He temporally reward hypo- 
 crites, is it not either for their own or for 
 their work's sake, as if He either accepted 
 their persons or approved their obedience? 
 No ; it is but lex talionis, He dealeth with 
 them as they deal with Him. They do Him 
 but eye-service, and He giveth them but eye- 
 wages. Sanderson, iii. 28. 
 
 EYE - WAITER, an eye - servant ; one 
 who is only careful while the master's 
 eye is on him. 
 
 His lordship's indulgence to servants cost 
 him very dear ; for most of them were but 
 eye-waiters, and diligent only for fear of los- 
 ing their places, otherwise negligent and 
 wasteful. North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 
 316.
 
 FABULATE 
 
 ( 230 ) 
 
 FAIR 
 
 FABULATE, to fable. 
 
 [The tongue is] so guarded ... as if it 
 were with giants in an enchanted tower, as 
 they fabulate, that no man may tame it. 
 Adams, i. 10. 
 
 FAC, faith ; a word that appears in 
 oaths in slightly varied forms as below. 
 
 Dap. Ffac I do not, yon are mistaken. 
 
 Face. How ! swear by your fac, and in a 
 thing so known unto the doctor ? . . . 
 
 Dap. Tfac's no oath. 
 
 Jonson, Alchemist, I. i. 
 
 E. Know. No, no, you shall not protest, coz. 
 
 Step. By my fackinys but I will, by your 
 leave. Ibid., Ev. Man in his Hum., i. 2. 
 
 I suppose he has left me mourning ; but 
 i\fackins if that be all, the devil shall wear 
 it for him for me. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. 
 V. ch. viii. 
 
 Pfags the gentleman has caught a Tartar, 
 says Mr. Towwouse. Ibid., Joseph Andretcs, 
 Bk. I. ch. xiv. 
 
 FACER, a braggadocio ; one who pos- 
 sesses cheek. 
 
 Shall the adversaries of the truth be dumb ? 
 Nay, there be no greater talkers, nor boasters, 
 and facers than they be. Latimer, i. 263. 
 
 FACER, a blow in the face. See 
 another extract from Barhain, s. v. FIB. 
 
 As the knife gleam'd on high, bright and 
 
 sharp as a razor, 
 
 Blogg, starting upright, tipped the fellow a 
 facer. Inyoldsby Legends (Bagman's Dog}, 
 I should have been a stercoraeeous mendi- 
 cant if I had hollowed when I got a. facer. 
 C. Kingsley, Letter, May 1856. 
 
 FACIATE, front, f.^ade (Ital. facci- 
 atd). 
 
 Thefaciate of this Cathedral is remarkable 
 for its historical carving. Evelyn, Diary, 
 June 27, 1654. 
 
 FACSIMILE, an exact copy ; this word 
 does not seem to have been common in 
 North's time. 
 
 He took a paper, and made what they call 
 a fac simile of the marks and distances of 
 those small specks, as were not scraped out. 
 Worth, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 109. 
 
 FACTOR, to trade or act as agents. 
 Send your prayers and good works to factor 
 there for you, and have a stock employed in 
 God's banks to pauperous and pious uses. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 173. 
 
 FACTORAGE, agent's commission. 
 
 He put 1000 into Dudley's hands to trade 
 for him, to the end that his brother Montague 
 might have the benefit of the factorage. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 292. 
 
 FAD, whim, fancy. 
 
 " It is your favourite fad to draw plans." 
 " Fad to draw plans ! Do you think I only 
 care about my fellow-creatures' houses in 
 that childish way ? " G. Eliot, Middlemarch, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 FADOODLES, trifles, nonsense. 
 
 And when all the stuff in the letters are 
 scann'd what fadoodfes are brought to light. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 131. 
 
 FAG, to work hard, to labour. E., 
 who gives this sense with no example, 
 says, ' The verb and noun, though 
 common in speech (especially at our 
 public schools), are not so in writing." 
 
 I am sure I fay more for fear of disgrace 
 than for hope of profit. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, i. 235. 
 
 "When Mr. Minns had fagqed up the shady 
 side of Fleet-street, Cheapside, and Thread- 
 needle-street, he had become pretty warm. 
 Sketches by Boz {Mr. Minns). 
 
 FAG, a boy in the lower part of the 
 school who has to perform various 
 offices for a senior lad who is said to 
 fag him. 
 
 Oh for that small, small beer anew, 
 And (heaven's own type) thab mild sky-blue 
 
 That wash'd my sweet meals down ; 
 The master even ! and that small Turk 
 That fagged me ! worse is now my work. 
 
 A fay for all the town. 
 
 Hood, Retrospective Review. 
 
 FAG, fatigue. 
 
 Mr. Allen says it is nine, measured nine, 
 but I am sure it can not be more than eight, 
 and it is such a fay, I come back tired 
 to death. Miss Austen, Northanger Abbey, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 FAGGERY, the system of fagging at 
 public schools. 
 
 Faggery was an abuse too venerable and 
 sacred to be touched by profane hands. De 
 Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 210. 
 
 FAIR, to prosper. IIwc non successit, 
 alia aggrediendum est via . that is, 
 
 This waie it will ne frame ne faie, 
 Therefore must we proue an other waie. 
 UdaVs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 373.
 
 FAILER 
 
 FALLTRAP 
 
 FAILER, failure. 
 
 Granting that Philip was the younger; 
 yet on the fader or other legal interruption 
 of the Line of Margaret, . . . the Queen of 
 England might put in for the next Succession. 
 Heylin, Hist, of the Presbyterians, p. 131. 
 
 FAINEAXCE, sloth, indolence. 
 
 The mask of sneering faineance was gone ; 
 imploring tenderness and earnestness beamed 
 from his whole countenance. C. Kingsley, 
 Hypatia, ch. xxvii. 
 
 FAINTFULL, faint, languishing. 
 
 Gather all in one 
 
 Those fluent springs of your lamenting tears, 
 And let them stream along my faintfull 
 looks. Greene, Orl. Fur., p. 98. 
 
 FAIR. After the fair = too late. 
 The subjoined, which is of the date 
 1597, shows the origin of this expres- 
 sion. See another early instance from 
 Nashe, s. v. ENCAPTIVE. 
 
 A ballad, be it neuer so good, it goes a 
 begging after ike faire. Breton, Wit's 
 Trenchmour, p. 9. 
 
 FAIRWEATHER, delicate. See quota- 
 tion from Smollett, s. v. WISHY-WASHY. 
 
 No, master, I would not hurt you ; me- 
 thinks I could throw a dozen of such fair- 
 weather gentlemen as you are. H. Brooke, 
 Fool of (Duality, ii. 165. 
 
 FAIRYISM, that which resembles or is 
 suggestive of fairies. 
 
 The duchess of Grafton, who had never 
 happened to be here before . . . perfectly 
 entered into the air of enchantment and 
 fairyism which is the tone of the place. 
 Walpole, Letters, ii. 431 (1763). 
 
 FAIRY-MONEY, money given by the 
 fairies was said after a time to change 
 into withered leaves or rubbish. H. 
 gives fairy-money = found treasure. 
 
 In one day Scott's high-heaped money- 
 wages became fairy-money and nonentity. 
 Carlyle, Misc. iv. 181. 
 
 Pisistratns draws the bills warily from his 
 pocket, half-suspecting they must already 
 have turned into withered leaves like fairy- 
 money. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XVII. ch. vi. 
 
 FAIRY PAVEMENTS, cubes used in 
 Roman pavements. The country people 
 referred to in the extract are those of 
 Nottinghamshire. 
 
 Some small stone cubes about an inch 
 square, which the country people called 
 fairy pavements. Archaol., viii. 364 (1787). 
 
 FAITHFUL, a trusty-adherent. See 
 extract from the same paper, s. v. 
 PURSE-LEECH. 
 
 We likewise call to mind your other bill 
 for his majesty's referring the choice of his 
 privy-council unto joti, coloured by your 
 outcries against those his old faithfuls. 
 British Bellman, 1648 (Harl. Misc., vi'i. 626). 
 
 FAITHFULLIST, a believer. 
 
 You have not long ago seen, read, and 
 understood the great and inestimable Chron- 
 icles of the huge and mighty giant Gargan- 
 tua, and like upright faithfullists (fideles}, 
 have firmly believed all to be true that is 
 contained in them. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 II. (Prologue). 
 
 FAKE, to rob (thieves' cant). 
 All who in Blois entertain honest views 
 Have long been in bed, and enjoying a snooze, 
 Nought is waking save Mischief and Faking 
 And a few who are sitting up brewing or 
 baking. Ingoldsby Legend* (S. Aloys). 
 
 There the folk are music-bitten, and they 
 molest not beggars, unless they fake to boot, 
 and then they drown us out of hand. Eeade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. Iv. 
 
 FAKEMENT, any dishonest practice 
 (thieves' cant). 
 
 I cultivated his acquaintance, examined his 
 affairs, and put him up to the neatest little 
 fakement in the world ; jnst showed him how 
 to raise two hundred pounds and clear him- 
 self with everybody, just by signing his 
 father's name. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. v. 
 
 FAL-LAL, finicking. 
 
 The family-plate too in such quantities, of 
 two or three years' standing, must not be 
 changed, because his precious child, humour- 
 ing his old fal-lal taste, admired it, to make 
 it all her own. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, i. 
 322. 
 
 FALLALISHLY. I suppose the word 
 = sentimentally ; the o!d maid referred 
 to had had a love disappointment in 
 former years. 
 
 Some excuse lies good for an old soul whose 
 whole life has been but one dream a little 
 fallalishly varied. Richardson, Grandison, v. 
 300. 
 
 FALLALS, showy dress or ornaments. 
 
 Mrs. Prim. And thou dost really think 
 those fallals become thee ? 
 
 Mrs. Lov. I do indeed. Centlivre, Bold 
 Stroke for a Wife, Act II. 
 
 He found his child's nurse, and his wife, 
 and his wife's mother, busily engaged with a 
 multiplicity of boxes, with flounces, feathers, 
 fallals, and finery. Thackeray, Nevcomes, 
 ch. Ixxi. 
 
 FALLTRAP, a trap to lead to a fall, or 
 perhaps a trap that falls from under one. 
 
 "VYe walk in a world of plots ; strings uni- 
 versally spread of deadly gins and falltrap s
 
 FAMEFUL 
 
 ( 232 ) FARCE AND LADLE 
 
 baited by the gold of Pitt. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. III. Bk. VI. ch. i. 
 
 FAMEFOL, famous. 
 Whose foaming stream strives proudly to 
 
 compare 
 (Even in the birth) with fame-fulPst floods 
 
 that are. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first weeke, 377. 
 If many worlds ye seek, or ages line, 
 Perhaps ye should not find occasion such 
 As now rich Opportunity doth giue 
 To make you famefull, though it empt 
 
 your pouche. Davies, Bien Venu, p. 6. 
 
 FAMILISTIC, pertaining to the sect 
 called the Family of Love. 
 
 And such are, for ought that ever I could 
 discern, those Seraphick, Anabaptistick, and 
 Famillstick Hyperboles, those proud swelling 
 words of vanity and novelty with which those 
 men use to deceive the simple and credulous 
 sort of people. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 195 
 
 FAN is used very curiously in the 
 subjoined ; probably it is a mistake for 
 fantasy. There is a marginal reference 
 to Acts xxv. 23, where Agrippa and 
 Bernice are described as coming fura 
 iroXXrjc Qavraffiac.. Even then the use of 
 fantasy for pomp or show is, in Eng- 
 lish, remarkable. 
 
 All the power of all the princes on the 
 earth have not power over one silly soul to 
 destroy it. All the glory of them is called 
 but a great big fan or pomp. Andrewes, Ser- 
 mons, v. 553. 
 
 FANATICISE, to act as a fanatic. 
 
 A man once committed headlong to re- 
 publican or any other transcendentalism, 
 and fighting and fanaticisiny amid a nation 
 of his like, becomes as it were enveloped in 
 an ambient atmosphere of transcendentalism 
 and delirium. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. 
 III. ch. ii. 
 
 FANCICAL, fanciful. The extract is 
 quoted in Southey's Doctor, ch. xciv. 
 
 After they have completed their tuning, 
 they will (if they be masters) fall into some 
 kind of voluntary or fancical play more in- 
 telligible. T. Mace, 1676. 
 
 FANCIFY, to fancy for which it is 
 perhaps a misprint. 
 
 The good she ever delighted to do, and 
 falsified she was born to do. Richardson. 
 Cl. Hmrlowe, vi. 344. 
 
 FANCY, the prize ring, or pugilism. 
 See quotation from Sonthey, . v. FIB. 
 
 They hurried to be present at the ex- 
 pected scene with the alacrity of gentlemen 
 of the fancy hastening to a set-to. Scott. St. 
 Eon*),'* Well, ii. 211. 
 
 The clients were proud of their lawyers' 
 unscrupulousness, as the patrons of the fancy 
 are proud of their champion's condition. G. 
 Eliot, Janet's Repentance, ch. ii. 
 
 FANFARONADING, flourishing ; display. 
 The Diets, have fanfaron and fan- 
 faronade. 
 
 There, with ceremonial evolution and ma- 
 noeuvre, with fanfaronailiny, musketry sal- 
 voes, and what else the Patriot genius could 
 devise, they made oath and obtestation to 
 stand faithfully by one another under law 
 and king. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 FANFAROON, a flourish, or show. 
 
 To Sir G. Carteret; and, among other 
 things, he told me that he was not for the 
 fanfaroone, to make a show with a great title, 
 as he might have had long since, but the main 
 thing to get an estate. Pepys, Aug. 14, 1665. 
 
 FANGLE, to fashion. The participle 
 is not uncommon with " new " prefixed. 
 
 He that thinks it the part of a well-learned 
 man to have read diligently the ancient 
 stories of the Church, and to be no stranger 
 in the volumes of the Fathers, shall have all 
 judicious men consenting with him ; not 
 hereby to control and new f angle the Scrip- 
 ture, God forbid ! but to mark how corrup- 
 tion and apostasy crept in by degrees. 
 Milton, Of Prelatical Episcopacy. 
 
 FANTAILED. The hat usually worn 
 by coalheavers, dustmen, &c. is so 
 called from having a flap at the back, 
 spreading out like a fan. 
 
 Amazed she stands, 
 
 Then opes the door with cinder-sabled hands, 
 And " Matches " calls. The dustman,bubbled 
 
 flat, 
 
 Thinks 'tis for him, and doffs his fan-taiFd 
 hat. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 142. 
 
 FANTAST, a fanciful person. 
 
 Somewhat too little of afantaat, this J'ates 
 of ours ! Carlyle, Misc., iv. 159. 
 
 It is not easy for me to write, without a 
 strong sense of loathing, the name of this 
 acrid fantasl, and idolizer of brute force. 
 Hall, Modern English, p. 19. 
 
 FANTASTICALITY, fantasticalness. 
 
 No affectation, fantasticality, or distortion 
 dwelt in him ! no shadow of cant. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iv. 146. 
 
 FAR, to remove to a distance. 
 
 I'm sure I wish the man was farred who 
 plagues his brains wi' striking out new words. 
 Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. x. 
 
 FARCE AND LADLE, a nonsensical 
 story. The writer quoted by Swift
 
 FARCICAL 
 
 ( '33 ) 
 
 FASTISH 
 
 (W. Wotton) refers to the story of the 
 Ladle versified by Prior. 
 
 It is grievous to see him in some of his 
 writings going out of his way to be waggish, 
 to tell us of " a cow that pricked up her tail ; " 
 and in his answer to this discourse, he says, 
 " it is all a farce and ladle." /Swift, Tale of 
 a Tub ; Apol. for Author. 
 
 A ladle for our silver dish 
 
 Is what I want, is what I wish. 
 
 A ladle, cries the man, a ladle! 
 
 'Odzooks. Corisca, you have prayed ill : 
 
 "What should be great you turn to farce. 
 Prior, The Ladle. 
 
 FARCICAL. The farcy is a disease in 
 horses which Sterne imprecates on the 
 " imitatorum servum pecus," and so 
 farcical house is one to receive such 
 people ; perhaps there is some sort of 
 allusion to the more ordinary meaning 
 of farcical, 
 
 I scorn to be as abusive as Horace upon 
 the occasion, but if there is no catachresis in 
 the wish, and no sin in it, I wish from my 
 soul that every imitator in Great Britain, 
 France, and Ireland, had the farcy for his 
 pains ; and that there was a good farcical 
 house large enough to hold, aye, and sub- 
 limate them shag-rag and bobtail, male and 
 female, all together. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, 
 iv. 4. 
 
 FAREWELL, to bid farewell to. 
 
 Till she brake from their arms 
 
 And fare-welling the flock did homeward 
 
 wend. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 91. 
 
 FARFALLA, a fire-fly ; an attempt to 
 introduce an Italian word into the 
 language. 
 
 Lord giue her me ; alas ! I pine, I die ; 
 Or if I Hue, I Hue her flame-bred flie ; 
 And (new Farfalld) in her radiant shine 
 Too bold I burne these tender wings of mine. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 362. 
 
 FAR-FETCHT, well-stored, with many 
 things fetched from far ? 
 
 . . . Nature making her beauty and shape 
 but the most fair Cabinet of a far-fetcht 
 minde. Sidney's Arcadia, p. 506. 
 
 FARMAGE, the management of farms. 
 
 They do by farmaye 
 Bryuge the londe into a rearage, 
 Contempnynge the state temporall. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and 
 
 be nott wroth, p. 102. 
 But now their ambicious suttlete 
 Maketh one fearme of two or thre, 
 
 Ye some tyme they bringe vi. to one, 
 "Which to gentillmen they let in farmage, 
 Or elles to ryche marchauntes for avauntage, 
 To the vndoynge of husbande man ech one. 
 Dyaloge betwene a Gentillman and 
 a husbandman, p. 139. 
 
 FARMSTEAD, farm house or place. 
 
 He takes possession of the farmstead 
 (Ingles, the place is called) ; barricades him- 
 self there. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. I. 
 ch. xiii. 
 
 I ... then went wandering away far along 
 chausees, through fields, beyond cemeteries, 
 Catholic and Protestant, beyond farmsteads, 
 to lanes and little woods. Miss Bronte, 
 Villette, ch. xv. 
 
 FASHION, a corruption of farcy, a 
 disease in horses. 
 
 If he have outward diseases as the spavin, 
 splent, ring-bone, wind-gall, or fashion, or, 
 sir, a galled back, we let him blood. Greene, 
 Looking Glass for London, p. 120. 
 
 His gouty hocks with fleshy Sashoons, 
 
 Like horses lookt that has the Fashions. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 34. 
 
 FASHIONABLES, people of fashion. L. 
 notices this substantival use, but gives 
 no example. 
 
 Here was a full account of the marriage, 
 and a list of all the fashionables who attended 
 the fair bride to the hymeneal altar. Miss 
 Edgeworth, Helen, ch. ii. 
 
 FAST. Calfhill uses the word as 
 signifying a holy time, and applies it 
 to the Easter feast. 
 
 To begin with that which bred in the 
 Church a miserable schism for many years 
 together, the Easter fast ; was it always and 
 in every place -uniformly observed ? Calfhill, 
 Answer to Martiall, p. 269. 
 
 FAST-FANCIED, bound by love ; the 
 opposite to fancy-free. 
 Thou com'st in post from merry Fressingfield, 
 Fast-fancied to the keeper's bonny lass. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 160. 
 
 FASTING-SPITTLE, was supposed to be 
 specially efficacious, whether for good 
 or evil. Adams uses the term in a sort 
 of punning way, to signify fasting. 
 
 Delicates to excite lust are spurs to post a 
 man to hell. It is fasting spittle that must 
 kill his tetter. Adams, i. 494. 
 
 Let him but fasting spit upon a toad, 
 And presently it bursts and dies. 
 
 Massinger, Very Woman, iii. 1. 
 They have their cups and chalices, 
 Their pardons and indulgences ; 
 Their beads of nits, bels, books, and wax 
 Candles forsooth, and other knacks ; 
 Their holy oyle, their fasting-spittle, 
 Their sacred salt here not a little. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 98. 
 
 FASTISH, rather fast or dissipated. 
 
 The intercourse has commenced under the 
 auspices of Harry Foker, son of Foker's 
 Entire, an old school-fellow, a short, stout,
 
 FAT 
 
 ( 234) 
 
 FAVOUROUS 
 
 empty, good-natured, and over-dressed in 
 other words a "fastish " young man. Phil- 
 lips, Essays from the Times, ii. 330. 
 
 FAT. The fat is in the fire = all is in 
 confusion, or has failed. The speaker 
 in the first extract is a pedantic school- 
 master. 
 
 O face, face, or all the fat will be iffnified. 
 Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 623. 
 
 Ger. Here's a woman wanting. 
 
 Count. "We may go whistle ; all the fat's 
 i' the fire. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 
 
 One would have thought that the examina- 
 tion failing, and no vote passed tending that 
 way, all this fat had been in the fire. North, 
 Examen, p. 623. 
 
 FAT, now spelt vat, and applied to a 
 tub or vessel of large size, but formerly 
 = any case. 
 
 A London alderman . . . sold a Jew five 
 fatts of right-handed gloves without any 
 'fellows to them.- T. Brown, Works, iii. 23. 
 
 FATAMORGANA, an optical illusion 
 which presents a vision of men, palaces, 
 &c., seen sometimes in the water, some- 
 times in the air, and most frequently 
 visible in the Strait of Messina. See 
 extract from Miss Edgeworth,s. v. BEAU- 
 IDEAL. 
 
 He [Coleridge] says once he had skirted 
 the howling deserts of Infidelity ; this was 
 evident enough ; but he had not had the 
 courage, in defiance of pain and terror, to 
 press resolutely across said deserts to the new 
 firm lands of Faith beyond ; he preferred to 
 create logical fatamorganat for himself on 
 this hither side, and laboriously solace him- 
 self with these. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, 
 ch. viii. 
 
 FATHER-IN-LAW, the father of one's 
 husband or wife ; but sometimes used 
 (though it is a vulgarism) as meaning 
 step-father. It has this sense in the 
 extracts, yet the speaker in the first is 
 Mrs. Howe, who is represented as in a 
 fair social position, and in the second 
 is Mrs. Grandcourt, a lady of birth and 
 education. Cf. MOTHER-IN-LAW. 
 
 I know Nancy could not bear a father-in- 
 law : she would fly at the very thought of 
 my being in earnest to give her one. Rich- 
 ardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 186. 
 
 I did not like my father-in-law to come 
 home. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. Ivi. 
 
 FATHER-SICK, pining after a father. 
 Cf. MOTHER-SICK, HOME-SICK. 
 
 An angel in some things, but a baby in 
 othi-rs ; so father-sick, so family-foud. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 316. 
 
 FATHOM, to engulf. 
 
 Instead of his lascivious Delilahs that 
 fathomed him in the arms of lust, behold 
 adders, toads, serpents, crawling on his 
 bosom. Adams, i. 241. 
 
 FATIDICENCT, divination. 
 
 Let us make trial of this kind of fatidi- 
 cency. Uryuhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 FATIGDESOME, fatiguing, laborious. 
 The Attorney-General's place is very nice 
 and fatiguesome. North, Ejcamen, p. 515. 
 
 FATILOQUENT, fate - speaking, pro- 
 phetic. 
 
 In such like discourses of fatiloquent sooth- 
 sayers interpret all things to the best. 
 Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xxii. 
 
 FATLING, diminutive of fat ; unusual 
 as an adjective. 
 
 The babe . . . 
 
 Uncared for, spied its mother and began 
 A blind and babbling laughter, and to dance 
 Its body, and reach its failing innocent arms 
 And lazy, lingering fingers. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, vi. 
 
 FAUTERER, favourer. 
 
 Be assured thy life is sought, as thou art 
 the fauterer of all wickedness. Heylin, Life 
 of Laud, p. 198. 
 
 FAUXETY, a play on the word falsity. 
 In Nuttall's edition the word in the first 
 extract is givenfaussetes; in the second, 
 falsities. 
 
 I cannot therefore but sadly bemoan that 
 the Lives of these Saints are so darkened 
 with Popish Illustrations, and farced with 
 Fau.veties to their dishonour. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies,ch. iii. (i. 8). 
 
 God forbid that this author's fauxities 
 should make us undervalue this worthy King 
 and Martyr. Hid. Suffolk (ii. 327). 
 
 FAVOURITES, short curls on the top 
 of the head : they came in in the reign 
 of Charles II. 
 
 The favourites hang loose upon the temples, 
 with a languishing lock in the middle. Far- 
 quhar, Sir H. Wildair, I. i. 
 
 What's here ? all sorts of dresses painted 
 to the life ; ha ! ha ! ha ! head-cloaths to 
 shorten the face, favourites to raise the fore- 
 head. Centlivre, Platonick Lady, iii. 1. 
 
 Sooner I would bedeck my brow with lace, 
 And with immodest favorites shade my face. 
 Gay, The Espousals. 
 
 FAVOUROUS, apt to win favour. 
 
 "When women were wont to be kindharted, 
 conceits in men were verie favouroits. Bre- 
 ton, Wifs Trenchmour, p. 9.
 
 FAIVNINGNESS ( 235 ) 
 
 FEE-FARMER 
 
 FAWNINGNESS, smoothness, syco- 
 phancy. 
 
 I'm for peace, and quietness, and fawning- 
 ness. De Quiitcey, Murder as a Fine Art. 
 
 FAX, hair. 
 
 The Englishmen dwelling beyond Trent 
 called the haire of the head Fax. "Whence 
 also there is a family . . . named Faire-fax, 
 of the faire bush of their haire. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 692. 
 
 FEANSER, fernshaw ? q. v. 
 The lady is a hunting gone 
 Over feanser that is so high. 
 
 Roxburgh Ballads, ii. 352. 
 
 FEASE, to sneeze. Robin Goodfellow 
 is the speaker in the extract. 
 
 Yet now and then the maids to please, 
 I card at midnight up their wool : 
 
 And while they sleep, snort f t and fease, 
 With wheele to shreds their flax I pull. 
 
 Roxburgh Ballads, ii. 380. 
 
 FEASIBLE, probable. 
 
 " As you say, James," cried Mr. Fenton, 
 " this account seems pretty feasible. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 2. 
 
 FEAT, employment. 
 
 The feat of merchandizing is nowhere 
 condemned throughout the holy Scriptures. ' 
 Bullinyer, Dec. III. Serm. i. (ii. 31). 
 
 FEATHERBED, used adjectivally = 
 effeminate. 
 
 Each featherbed warrior who rides from 
 Knigbtsbridge to Whitehall and from White- 
 hall to Kuightsbridge is gifted with the 
 glorious traditions of great armies and in- 
 numerable campaigns. Black, Adventures 
 of a Phaeton, ch. xxiii. 
 
 FEATHER-BRAINED, giddy. 
 To a feather-brained school-girl nothing is 
 sacred. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. 20. 
 
 FEATHER-GLORY, light and transitory 
 glory. 
 
 And it is no light matter, but, as St. Paul 
 calleth it, alwuiov ftapo?, " an everlasting 
 weight of glory." Glory, not like ours here, 
 feather-glory, but true, that hath weight and 
 substance in it. Andrews, Sermons, i. 31. 
 
 FEATHERHEAD, a light frivolous per- 
 son. 
 
 Show the dullest clodpole, show the 
 haughtiest featherhead that a soul higher 
 than himself is actually here ; were his 
 kuees stiffened into brass, he must down 
 and worship. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 136. 
 
 Philip. Courtney, belike. 
 
 Mary. A fool and featherhead ! 
 
 Tennyson, Q. Mary, V. i. 
 
 FEATHER-HEADED, giddy ; foolish. 
 Cf. FEATHER-PATED. 
 
 Ah thou hast miss'd a man (but that he 
 is so bewitch'd to his study, and knows no 
 other mistress than his mind) so far above 
 this feather - headed puppy. Gibber, Love 
 makes a man, Act II. 
 
 You're too feather-headed to mind if any- 
 body was dead, so as you could stay upstairs 
 a-dressing yourself for two hours by the 
 clock. G. Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. viii. 
 
 FEATHERLET, small feather. 
 
 The episodes and digressions fringe [the 
 story] like so many featherlets. S-juthey, The 
 Doctor (Preface). 
 
 FEATHER-MONGER. Birds are so called 
 in the extract. 
 
 Some fowler with his nets, as this host 
 of feather-mongers were getting up to ride 
 double, involved or intangled them. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 170). 
 
 FEATHER-PATED, giddy; fickle. Cf. 
 FEATHER-HEADED. 
 
 " The villains," he said, " the base treach- 
 erous villains, to desert me at this pinch ! " 
 
 " Nay, say rather the feather-pated, giddy 
 madmen," said Waldemar, "who must be 
 toying with follies, when such business was 
 in hand." Scott, Ivanhoe, ii. 195. 
 
 FEATURE, to resemble. 
 
 Mrs. Vincy in her declining years, and in the 
 diminished lustre of her housekeeping, was 
 much comforted by her perception that two at 
 least of Fred's boys were real Vincys, and 
 did not "feature" the Garths. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. last. 
 
 FEE, a gratuitous treat. 
 
 Take my purse, fetch me 
 A stand of ale, and set it in the market-place, 
 That all may drink that are athirst this day ; 
 For this is for & fee to welcome Eobin Hood 
 To Bradford town. 
 
 Greene, Geo-a-Greene, p. 267. 
 
 FEEDER, often means servant (see 
 N. s. v.), but in the first of the subjoined 
 passages it signifies master or em- 
 ployer, in the second parasite ; cf. 
 "feeder of my riots" (77. Hen. IV. 
 v. 5). 
 
 His feeders still not thinking this enough, 
 have, of late, put him upon another jobb. 
 The Loyal Observator, 1683 (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 70). 
 
 Mr. Thornhill came with a couple of 
 friends, his chaplain and feeder. Vicar of 
 Wakefield, ch. vii. 
 
 FEE-FARMER, one who holds land 
 from a superior lord in fee-simple.
 
 fEELER 
 
 ( 236 ) 
 
 FENOUILLET 
 
 As when bright Phebus (Landlord of the 
 
 Light.) 
 
 And his fee-farmer Luna most are parted, 
 He sets no sooner but shee comes iii sight. 
 
 Dames, Holy Roode, p. 13. 
 
 FEELER, something tentative. 
 
 After putting forth his right leg now and 
 then as & feeler, the victim who dropped the 
 money ventures to make cue or two distinct 
 dives after it. Dickens, Sketches by oz, oh. i. 
 
 FEGUE, to discomfit or injure. 
 No treat, sweet words, good mien, but sly 
 
 intrigue, 
 That must at length the jilting widow feyue. 
 
 Wycherley, Love in a Wood, 1. 1. 
 For Man of war as wanton was 
 At fifty, as a colt at grass ; 
 And had not th' times his honour fegu'd 
 As often now had been iutriug'd. 
 
 D' Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. i. 
 When Cataline a league 
 Had made, the Senators tofegue. 
 
 Ibid. cant. ii. 
 FELL, earnest ; intent. 
 I am so fell to my business, that I, though 
 against my inclination, will not go. fepys, 
 Jan. 15, 1666-67. 
 
 FELL, to hem down a joined piece of 
 work. 
 
 Each taking one end of the shirt on her knee, 
 Again began working with hearty good-will, 
 Felling the seams, and whipping the frill. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Aunt Fanny). 
 
 FELLOWESS, contemptuous for a 
 woman. 
 
 "Who can have patience with such fellows 
 and fellowesses? Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 iii. 117. 
 
 Your bachelor uncles and maiden aunts are 
 the most tantalizing fellows and felloicesses 
 in the creation. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, 
 Bk. ix. ch. v. 
 
 FELON, stolen. 
 
 Thus hee that conquer'd men, and beast 
 
 most cruell, 
 (Whose greedy pawes with/eWon goods were 
 
 found) 
 Answer'd Goliah's challenge in a duell. 
 
 Fuller, David's Hainovs Sinne, si. 19. 
 
 FELONESS, female felon. 
 And what was the pitch of his mother's 
 
 yellowness ? 
 How she turned as a shark to snap the 
 
 spare-rib 
 Clean off, sailors say, from a pearl-diving 
 
 Carib, 
 When she heard what she called the flight 
 
 of the feloness. 
 
 Browning, Flight of the Dufhess. 
 
 FEMALITY, female nature ; applied 
 disparagingly. Sir. T. Browne has 
 
 feminality. Femality is also used 
 adjectivally in Grandison. See s. v. 
 INFANGLEMENT. 
 
 No doubt but he thought he was obliging 
 me, and that my objection was all owing to 
 femality as he calls it ; a word I don't like ; 
 I never heard it from Sir Charles. Richard- 
 son, Grandison, vi. 154. 
 
 FEMINILE, feminine. 
 
 Perhaps it might have been well if I had 
 resolved upon a further designation of chap- 
 ters, and distributed them into masculine 
 and feminine ; or into the threefold arrange- 
 ment of virile, feminile, and puerile. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. xix. 
 
 FEMININEITY, womanliness; that 
 which is characteristic of a woman: the 
 Diets, have feminality and feminity. 
 
 Margaret made excuses all so reasonable 
 that Catherine rejected them with calm con- 
 tempt ; to her mind they lacked feminineity. 
 Eeode, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Ixviii. 
 
 FENCE, a receiver of stolen goods. 
 Cl FENDER. 
 
 " What have you got to say for yourself, 
 you withered old fence, eh ? " "I was away 
 from London a week and more, my dear, on 
 a plant," replied the Jew. Dickens, Oliver 
 Twist, ch. xxxix. 
 
 FENDER, defender. Cf . FENCE. R. , 
 who gives no example, says, "A com- 
 mon word in speech, though not in 
 writing." L. has it in two senses, viz., 
 the ordinary one of an iron plate laid 
 before the fire to prevent the coals from 
 fulling into the room, and the pieces of 
 cable, &c. which are hung over a ship's 
 side to act as buffers to prevent her 
 from rubbing against the wharf or 
 other ships. 
 
 He is the treasurer of the thieves' ex- 
 chequer, the common fender of all bulkers 
 and shop-lifts in the town. Four for a Penny, 
 1678 (Harl. Misc., iv. 147). 
 
 FENLANDER, inhabitant of the fens. 
 
 Laurence Holebeck was born, saith my 
 Author, apud Girvios ; that is, amongst the 
 Fenlanders. Fullei; Worthies, Lincoln (ii. 
 
 12). 
 
 FEN-MAN, an inhabitant of the fens. 
 
 If you ask how you should rid them, I will 
 not point you to the fen-men, who, to make 
 quick dispatch of their annoyances, set fire 
 on their fens. Adams, ii. 480. 
 
 FENOUILLET (Fr.fenouillette), fennel- 
 water. 
 
 Dined with Lord P 1. He's a silly 
 
 fellow. Went home to take some fenou ill 'et
 
 PENSIVE 
 
 FETE 
 
 I was so sick of him. Resolved never to be 
 a Lord. Dr. Swift's Real Diary, p. 5 (1715). 
 
 FENSIVE, defensive. The spirit of 
 Hector speaks of his hand " that fensiue 
 seruice had eended " {Stanyhurst, jEn., 
 ii. 301). 
 
 FENUGREEK, a plant, the Trigonella. 
 See quotation from Sterne more at 
 length, s. v. SWEET CECILY. 
 
 To preserue nauewes, it is a singular medi- 
 cine for them to haue feni-yreek sowed among, 
 as also for beets to do the like with cich 
 pease. Holland, Pliny, xix. 10. 
 
 Poultices of marsh-mallows, mallows, bonus 
 Henricus, white lilies, and fenugreek Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, v. 111. 
 
 FEOFFER, a trustee. 
 
 He and his patrimonie was committed to 
 certain execntours or feo/ers. Udat's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 369. 
 
 FER (?). In Gibson's translation 
 "sea-commodities" is the correspond- 
 ing expression. 
 
 Hantshire ... is ... rich in plenteous 
 pasture, and for all commodities of fer most 
 wealthy and happie. Holland's Camden, p. 
 259. 
 
 FEELING, ward [in a borough]. 
 
 In King Edward the Confessor's time (that 
 I may note so much out of domesday booke), 
 there were in this Borough foure Ferlinys, 
 that is, Quarters or Wards. Holland's Cam- 
 den, p. 497. 
 
 FERMENTATE, to leaven. 
 
 The largest part of the Lords were fer- 
 nentated with an anti-episcopal sourness. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 179. 
 
 FERNSHAW, fern-brake or fern-thicket. 
 He bade me take the Gipsy mother, 
 And set her telling some story or other 
 Of hill or dale, oak wood orfernshaw. 
 
 Browning, Flight of tlie Duchess. 
 
 FEROCIENT, ferocious. 
 
 Nothing so soon tames the madnesse of 
 people as their own fierceness and extrava- 
 gancy; which at length, as S. Cyprian ob- 
 serves, tires them by taking away their 
 breath, and vainly exhausting their ferocient 
 spirits. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 142. 
 
 FERRANDIN, a stuff made of silk 
 mixed with some other material, like 
 what is now called poplin. See Lord 
 Braybrooke's note on the first quotation 
 for further particulars. 
 
 My wife came home, and seeming to cry ; 
 for bringing home in a coach her new fer- 
 randin waistcoate, in Cheapside, a man asked 
 her whether that was the way to the Tower, 
 and while she was answering him, another 
 
 on the other side snatched away her bundle 
 out of her lap. Pepys, Jan. 28, 1662-3. 
 
 After long resolution of having nothing 
 but black, I did buy a coloured silk fer' 
 ranrlin. Ibid. June 8, 1665. 
 
 I know a great lady that cannot follow her 
 husband abroad to his haunts because her 
 ferrandine is so ragged and greasy whilst his 
 mistress is as fine as fi'pence in embroidered 
 satins. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 2. 
 
 FERRIVOROUS, iron eating. 
 
 The idiot at Ostend . . died at last in con- 
 sequence of his appetite for iron. . . . This 
 poor creature was real \yfen-ivorous. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. cxxviii. 
 
 FERTILY, plenteously ; in a fertile 
 manner. 
 
 Who, being grown to man's age, as our 
 own eyes may judge, could not but fertily 
 requite his Father's Fatherly education. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, Bk. ii. p. 155. 
 
 FERULE, to strike with the ferule or 
 cane. 
 
 I shoulde tel tales out of the schoole, and 
 bee ferruled for my faults or hyssed at for a 
 blab, yf I layde al the orders open before 
 your eyes. Gossan, Schoole of Abuse, p. 24. 
 
 FESTRAWE, a festue or fescue, a 
 pointer used in teaching children their 
 letters, &c. 
 
 Then to the fourth, the Westerne world she 
 
 came, 
 And there with her eyes festrawe paints a 
 
 storie 
 
 Stranger then strange, more glorified then 
 glorie. 
 
 G. Markham, Trayedie of Sir 
 B. Grinuile, p. 49. 
 
 I had past out of Crosse-rowe, speld and 
 put together, read without afestraw. Breton, 
 Grimello's Fortunes, p. 6. 
 
 FETCHLIFE, a prognostication of 
 death ; perhaps a misprint for fetch- 
 light, q. v. in N. 
 Also on thee turrets the skrich howle, lyke 
 
 fetchliefe ysetled, 
 Her burial roundel doth ruck. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 486. 
 
 FETCH-WATER, a drawer of water. 
 
 But spin the Greek wives' webs of task, 
 and their fetch-water be. Chapman, Iliad, 
 vi. 495. 
 
 FETE, to entertain at a feast. L. 
 notes the word as naturalized, but only 
 gives example of the substantive. 
 The murder thus out, Hermann's feted and 
 
 thanked, 
 "While his rascally rival gets tossed in a 
 
 blanket. Inyoldsby Legends (Hermann).
 
 FETICHISM ( '. 
 
 FETICHISM, degraded superstition. 
 The negroes of West Africa make fetish 
 of any object that strikes their fancy, 
 as a stone, or tree, and the like, and 
 worship it. 
 
 [They] descended deeper and deeper, one 
 after the other, into the realms of confusion, 
 . . . craving after signs and wonders, dabbling 
 in magic, astrology, and barbarian fetichisms. 
 C. Kingsley, Hypatia, ch. xxx. 
 
 FETICHISTIC, belonging to or con- 
 nected with fetish worship. 
 
 Our resuscitated Spirit was not a pagan 
 philosopher, nor a philosophizing pagan poet, 
 but a man of the fifteenth century, inherit- 
 ing its strange web of belief and unbelief, 
 of Epicurean levity and fetichistic dread. 
 G. Eliot, Romola (Proem). 
 
 FETISH. See FETICHISM. 
 
 You are always against superstitions, and 
 yet you make work a fetish. You do with 
 work just as women do with duty ; they carry 
 about with them a convenient little god, and 
 they are always worshipping it with small 
 sacrifices. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. x. 
 
 FETTLE, good condition. 
 
 It's a fine thing ... to have the chance of 
 getting a bit of the country into good fettle, 
 as they say, and putting men into the right 
 way with their farming. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. xl. 
 
 FETURE, birth, or offspring. 
 
 Some of them engendered one, some other 
 such fetures, and every one in that he was 
 delivered of was excellent politic, wise. 
 Latimer, i. 50. 
 
 FEUAGE, a tax on every hearth or 
 chimney. See FOWAGE. 
 
 The Prince of "Wales . . . imposing a new 
 taxation upon the Gascoignes, of Feuaye or 
 Ohymney mony, so discontented the people, 
 as they exclaime against the government of 
 the English. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 214. 
 
 FEW. A few (i. e. some) broth or 
 pottage is an expression used in Scot- 
 land and the north of England ; also 
 in Devonshire. 
 
 They be content with a penny piece of 
 beef among four, having a. few pottage made 
 of the broth of the same beef. Lever, Ser- 
 mons, 1550. 
 
 They had sold their birthright ... to the 
 Pope for a few pottage. Adams, i. 6. 
 
 There are some excellent family broth 
 making below, and I'll desire Tibby to bring 
 & few. Miss Ferrier, Marriage, ch. iii. 
 
 Here's a rahm, . . . it's weel enengh to ate 
 a/eic porridge in. Miss E.Bronte, Wuthtring 
 Heights, ch. xiii. 
 
 38 ) FIDDLE 
 
 FEW, a few, used ironically for "a 
 good deal." 
 
 I trembled a few, for I thought ten to one 
 but he'd say. " He ? not he, I promise you." 
 Mad.D'Arllay, Diary, i. 28. 
 
 If one man in a town has pluck and money, 
 he may do it ; it'll cost him a few ; I've had 
 to pay the main part myself. C. Kingsley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. xxv. 
 
 FEWSTY, mouldy ; fusty. 
 
 Yf a feaste beynge neuer so great lacked 
 bread, or had fewsty and noughty bread, all 
 the other daynties shulde be vnsauery and 
 litle regarded. Ascham, Toxophllus, p. 76. 
 
 FEWTRILS, trifles ; little things. 
 
 I ha' paid to keep her awa' fra' me ; these 
 five year I ha' paid her ; I ha' gotten decent 
 fetvtrils about me agen. Dickens, Hard 
 Times, ch. xi. 
 
 FIB, to hit repeatedly when the 
 adversary's head is " in chancery " 
 (pugilistic slang). 
 
 I have been taking part in the controversy 
 about " Bell and the Dragon," as you will see 
 in the Quarterly, where I have filbed the 
 Edinburgh (as the fancy say) most com- 
 pletely. Southey, Letters, 1811 (ii. 236). 
 
 There would come on 
 A sort of fear his spouse might knock his 
 
 head off, 
 
 Demolish half his teeth, or drive a rib in, 
 She shone so much in facers and in fMring. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (The Ghost). 
 
 FIBBER, petty liar. L. has fibstei', 
 with quotation from Thackeray. 
 Your royal grandsire (trust me, I'm no fiber) 
 Was vastly fond of Colley Cibber. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 137. 
 
 FICTION, fashioning. 
 
 The king having made positive laws and 
 decrees, . . . disdains that a groom should 
 contradict and annul those to dignify and 
 advance other of his own fction. Adams, 
 ii. 90. 
 
 "We have never dreamt that parliaments 
 had any right whatever to violate property, 
 to overrule prescription, or to force a currency 
 of their own fction in the place of that which 
 is real, and recognised by the law of nations. 
 Burke, Refections on Fr. Revolution, p. 124. 
 
 FIDDLE. To play first or second 
 fiddle is to take the chief or subordinate 
 part respectively. 
 
 To say that Tom had no idea of playing 
 first fddle in any social orchestra, but was 
 always quite satisfied to be set down for the 
 hundred and fiftieth violin in the band, or 
 thereabouts, is to express his modesty in 
 very inadequate terms. Dickens, Martin 
 Chuzzlewit, ch. xii.
 
 fIDDLE 
 
 ( 2 39) 
 
 FIGURELESS 
 
 It was evident that since John Marston's 
 arrival he had been playing, with regard to 
 Mary, second fiddle, if you can possibly be 
 induced to pardon the extreme coarseness of 
 the expression. H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. 
 Iviii. 
 
 FIDDLE, a fool or trifler. 
 
 He that walkes wanton with his head aside, 
 And knowes not well how he may see his 
 
 feete, 
 
 And she that minceth like a maiden bride, 
 And like a shadow slideth through the 
 
 streete ; 
 
 Howeuer so their mindes in money meete, 
 Measure their humours justly by the 
 
 middle, 
 
 He may be but a fcole, and she & fiddle. 
 Breton, Pasquil's Madcappe, p. 9. 
 
 As his rank and station often find him in 
 the best company, his easy humour, whenever 
 he is called to it, can still make himself the 
 fiddle of it. Gibber, Apology, ch. i. 
 
 FIDDLE. The quotation from Fuller 
 may perhaps explain the phrase in 
 Smollett. 
 
 This man could not fidle, could not tune 
 himself to be pleasant and plausible to all 
 Companies. Fuller, Worthies, Lancashire. 
 
 Your honour's face is made of a fiddle ; 
 every one that looks on you loves you. 
 Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch.'viii. 
 
 FIDDLECOME, nonsensical. 
 
 Do you think such a fine proper gentleman 
 as he cares for a fiddlecome tale of a draggle- 
 tailed girl ? Vanbruyh, The Relapse, iv. 1. 
 
 FIDDLE-HEADED. The handles of 
 forks and spoons are sometimes made 
 after a pattern which bears some re- 
 semblance to a fiddle ; these are called 
 fiddle-headed, or fiddle-patterned. 
 Try him wherever you will, you find 
 His mind in his legs, and his legs in his mind, 
 All prongs and folly, in short a kind 
 Of fork that is fiddle-headed. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyg. 
 
 I could not see my table-spoons, I looked, 
 
 but could not see 
 
 The little fiddle-pattern 'd ones I use when 
 I'm at tea. 
 
 Ingoldsly Legends (Misadventures at 
 Margate). 
 
 FIDDLER'S FARE. See quotations from 
 Howell and Swift. 
 
 Let the world know you have had more 
 than fidler 's fare, for you have meat, money, 
 and cloth. Machin, JJuml Kniyht, Act IV. 
 
 He was dismissed fidler-like, with meat, 
 drink, and money. Howell, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 128. 
 
 Miss. Did your ladyship play ? 
 
 Lady Sm. Yes. and won ; so I came off 
 with fidler's fare, meat, drink, and money. 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 
 FIDDLESTICK. See quotation. Fiddle- 
 sticks taper away to a point ; hence 
 used of nonsense which ends in nothing. 
 This s Grose's explanation. 
 
 At such an assertion he would have ex- 
 claimed, A fiddlestick! "Why and how that 
 word has become an interjection of contempt 
 I must leave those to explain who can. 
 Soutliey, The Doctor, ch. clxxxix. 
 
 She wanted to marry her cousin, Tom 
 Poyntz, when they were both very young, 
 and proposed to die of a broken heart when I 
 arranged her match with Mr. Newcome. A 
 broken fiddlestick! she would have ruined 
 Tom Poyntz in a year. Thackeray, JVeiocomes, 
 ch. x. 
 
 FIERIZE, to burn or kindle. 
 But aire turn water, earth may fierize, 
 Because in one part they do symbolize. 
 Sylvester, second day, first iceeke, 264. 
 
 FIFTY- WEIGHT, half a hundred- 
 weight. 
 
 Packing on my back about fifty-weight qt 
 iron bolts. Mayo, Kaloolah (1840), p. 140. 
 
 FIGHT, bulwark ; propugnaculum. 
 N. has several examples of the word, 
 but only as belonging to ships. 
 They fiercely set upon 
 The parapets, and pull'd them down, raz'd 
 
 every foremost fight, 
 And all the buttresses of stone that held 
 
 their towers upright 
 They tore away with crows of iron, and 
 
 hoped to ruin all. 
 The Greeks yet stood, and still repair'd the 
 
 fore-fiyhts of their wall. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xii. 271. 
 
 FlGHTLESS, without fighting. 
 
 Say that the God of "\Varre, Father of 
 Chinalrie, 
 
 The "Worthies, Heroes, all famed Conquer- 
 ours, 
 
 Centaurs, Gyants, victorious Victorie, 
 
 "Were all this Grinuil's hart-sworne para- 
 mours, 
 
 Yet should we fightlesse let our shyp's force 
 flie? 
 
 G. Markham, Trag. of Sir B. Grinuile, 
 p. 69. 
 
 FlGLESS, without figs. 
 The fie/less fig-tree, the graceless Christian, 
 is good for nothing. Adams, ii. 184. 
 
 FIGURELESS, shapeless. 
 I write (detested) on the tender skins 
 Of time-les infants, and abortive twins, 
 (Torn from the wombe) these figures fiyure- 
 
 les. Sylvester, The Trophies, 682.
 
 FIGURIE 
 
 FIREBOOTE 
 
 FlQUBIE, embroidery. 
 
 That worthy Emperonr 
 "Which rulde the world, and had all welth 
 
 at wil, 
 
 Could be content to tire his wearie wife, 
 His daughters, and his niepces euerychone, 
 To spin arid worke the clothes that he shuid 
 
 weare, 
 
 And neuer carde for silks or sumptuous cost, 
 For cloth of gold, or tinsel fiyurie. 
 
 Gascoiyne, Steel Glas, p. 71. 
 
 FIGURIST. See extract. 
 
 The Symbolists, Fiyurists, and Significatists 
 . . . are of opinion that the faithful at the 
 Lord's Supper do receive nothing. but naked 
 and bare signs. Rogers on 39 Articles, p. 289. 
 
 FIL, a filly or foal. 
 
 A kind of a second Nag's-head fable, a fil 
 of the same race, both sire and dam, begotten 
 by the father of lies upon a slanderous 
 tongue, and so sent post about the world to 
 tell false tidings of the English. Sancroft, 
 Consecration Sermon, 1660 (D'Oyly's Life, p. 
 345). 
 
 FILE, a pickpocket (thieves' cant). 
 
 The greatest character among them was 
 that of a pickpocket, or, in their language, a 
 fie. Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. IV. ch. 
 xiii. 
 
 FILIATE, to connect as by descent. 
 Affiliate is the usual form. Filiation 
 will be found in R. and L., but it ap- 
 pears to be only a technical term in 
 theology. 
 
 Master Rabelais says that the Bishop called 
 the mother of the Three Kings St. Typhaine ; 
 it is certain that such a Saint was made out 
 of La Sainte Epiphanie, and that the three 
 kings of Cologne were filiated upon her. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. xci. 
 
 Many parts indeed authenticate them- 
 selves, bearing so strong a likeness that no 
 one can hesitate at filiatiny them upon the 
 ipsissimus Luther. Ibid, ch. ccxxxi. 
 
 FILING-LAY, picking pockets (thieves' 
 cant). 
 
 I am committed for the fling-lay, man, 
 and we shall be both nubbed together. I' 
 faith, my dear, it almost makes me amends 
 for being nubbed myself, to have the pleasure 
 of seeing thee nubbed too. Fieldiny, Jona- 
 than Wild, Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 FINDABLE, discoverable. 
 
 Such persons . . have nothing more to be 
 said of them finddble by all my endevours. 
 Fuller, Worthies, ch. xxv. 
 
 A man's ideal 
 Is high in heaven, and lodged with Plato's 
 
 God, 
 Notfindable here. Tennyson, The Sisters. 
 
 FINE. Fine as fivepence = very 
 smart. Cf. CLEAN AS A PENNY, s. v. 
 PENNY. 
 
 Be not, Jug, as a man would say, finer 
 than fivej>ence, or more proud than a peacock. 
 Grim the Collier, Act II. 
 
 His mistress is as fine as fipence in em- 
 broidered satins. Wycherley, Love in a 
 Wood, v. 2. 
 
 Miss. Pray, how was she drest ? 
 
 Lady Sm. "Why, she was as fine as five- 
 pence ; but truly I thought there was more 
 cost than worship. Swift, Polite Conversa- 
 tion (Conv. iii.). 
 
 FINEER, to veneer. 
 
 The Italians c;vll it [^marquetry] pietre com- 
 messe, a sort of inlaying with stones, analo- 
 gous to the fineerino of cabinets in wood. 
 Smollett, France and Italy, Letter xxviii. 
 
 FINE-NOSED, delicate ; fastidious. 
 
 The monks themselves were too fine-nosed 
 to dabble in tan-fatts. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VI. 
 ii. 1. 
 
 FINQENT, forming ; fashioning. 
 
 Ours is a most fictile world, and man is 
 the most finyent, plastic of creatures. Car- 
 lyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 FINGERS' ENDS. To arrive at one's 
 fingers' ends = to be brought to great 
 poverty, when one gnaws one's fingers' 
 ends; to live by ones. fingers' ends 
 by industry or manual labour. 
 
 If any parte of Musick haue suffred ship- 
 wrack, and ariued by fortune at their fingers 
 endes, with shewe of gentilitie they take vp 
 faire houses, receiue lusty lasses at a price 
 for boorders, and pipe from morning to 
 eueniug for wood and coale. Gosson, Schoole 
 of Abuse,^. 36. 
 
 How many goodly cities could I reckon up 
 that thrive wholly by trade, where thousands 
 of inhabitants live singular well by their 
 fingers' ends. Burton, Democ. to Reader, p. 
 55. 
 
 FINKLE, fennel. The heading of 
 ch. ix. in Bk. XX. of Holland's Pliny 
 is, " Of Finkle or Fennell, and Hernpe." 
 
 FIREBOOTE, " fuel for necessary occa- 
 sions, which by common law any tenant 
 may take out of the lands granted to 
 him" (Bailey's Diet.). 
 
 There are a great number of pollard trees 
 standing and growing upon the commons 
 aforesaid, the crops whereof as they grow 
 are usually cut by the copiehoulders of the 
 sayd maner, and taken and converted by 
 them for fireboote according to the custom 
 thereof ; but the bulkes and bodies of those 
 pollards belonging to the lords of the sayd 
 maner. Survey of Maner of Wimbledon, 10-19
 
 FIRE-EATER ( 
 
 FIRE-EATER, a fierce fellow: gener- 
 ally used rather contemptuously. See 
 quotation from Tennyson s. v. DARE- 
 DEVIL, and from Carlyle s. v. BULK. 
 
 Barnes need not get up in the morning to 
 punch Jack Belsize's head. I'm sorry for 
 your disappointment, you Fenchurch-street 
 fire-eater. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xxix. 
 
 FIRE-HOOK, a hook used for pulling 
 down burning houses. See N., whose 
 only quotation is from the Nomenclator. 
 God will plague thee, and those teeth that 
 tare my harmlesse face will the divel teare 
 out with a hot fire-hooke. Breton, Miseries 
 of Mauillia, p. 51. 
 
 The engines thunder'd through the street, 
 Fire-hook, pipe, bucket, all complete. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected 
 Addresses, p. 80. 
 
 FIREHOUSE, hearth. 
 
 The constant rent he settled were the 
 Peter-pences to the Pope of Rome to be 
 paid out of every firehouse in England. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. iii. 13. 
 
 FIRESHIP, prostitute, especially one 
 who is diseased. 
 
 Nev. "Well, but, Sir John, are you ac- 
 quainted with any of our fine ladies yet, any 
 of our famous toasts ? 
 
 Sir John. No, damn your fireships ; I have 
 a wife of my own. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. ii.). 
 
 This wit advised him to keep clear of me, 
 for I was a fireship. " A fireship ! (replied 
 the sailor) more like a poor galley in distress 
 that has been boarded by such a fireship as 
 you." Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xxiii. 
 
 FIREWORK, work wrought in the fire : 
 not, as now, pyrotechnics. 
 
 His heart the anuile wheron the deuill 
 frames his fireicorke. Breton, A Murmurer, 
 p. 10. 
 
 FIREWORK, a display of fireworks. 
 
 We have not yet done diverting ourselves : 
 the night before last the Duke of Richmond 
 gave a fireicork ; a codicil to the peace. 
 Walpole to Mann, ii. 297 (1749). 
 
 FIRMAMENT, strength ; confirmation. 
 
 By surveying over hastily he did quite 
 oversee all our principal evidence, and the 
 chief est firmaments of our cause. ramhall, 
 ii. 24. 
 
 FIRMLESS, unsteady ; shifting. 
 It [Astronomy] leaues swift Tigris, and to 
 
 Nile retires, 
 
 And, waxen rich, in Egypt it erects 
 A famous School, jeifirmless in affects, 
 It falls in loue with subtle Grecian wits. 
 Sylvester, The Columnes, 607. 
 
 ?4i ) nSH 
 
 Past the Red Sea, heer vp and down we float 
 Onfirmless sands of this vast desert here. 
 Ibid., The Lawe, 926. 
 
 FIRMORIE, infirmary. 
 
 Infirmarium, or the Firmorie (the Curatour 
 whereof Infirmarius), wherein persons down- 
 right sick (trouble to others, and troubled by 
 others, if lodging in the dormitorie) had the 
 benefit of physiek, and attendance private to 
 themselves. Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 286. 
 
 FIRRET, to ferret, " nearer to the 
 Latin viverra and the Italian fierretto 
 than the more modern form, ferret " 
 (Jacobson, note in loc.). 
 
 If Israel turn their backs upon their 
 enemies, up, Joshua, and make search for tha 
 troubler of Israel, firret out the thief, and 
 do execution upon him. Sanderson, iii. 88. 
 
 FIRRY, of the fir-tree. 
 And oft I heard the tender dove 
 In firry woodlands making moan. 
 
 Tennyson, Miller's Daughter. 
 
 FIRST. At first = immediately. 
 
 He bids them put the matter in adventure 
 and then but whistle for an angel, and they 
 will come at first. Andrewes, Sermons, v. 523. 
 
 FIRSTLY, in the first place. R. has 
 no example of this word, and De 
 Quincey (Spanish Nun, sect. 5) writes, 
 " First (for 1 detest your ridiculous and 
 most pedantic neologism of firstly) 
 first the shilling for which I have given 
 a receipt ; secondly two skeins of suit- 
 able thread.' ' L. quotes from Sylves- 
 ter' s Du Bartas, "the wound the old 
 serpent firstly gave us." 
 
 FIRSTSHIP, beginning. 
 
 Two Firstships met in this man, for he 
 handselled the House-Convent. . . . Secondly, 
 he was the first Carmelite who in Cambridge 
 took the degree of Doctor in Divinity. Ful- 
 ler, Worthies, Suffolk (ii. 340). 
 
 Fisc, exchequer. L. marks this word 
 as rare, and gives a single example from 
 Burke ; an earlier and later instance are 
 subjoined. Daniel also, Hist, of Eng., 
 p. 169, speaks of informers as " fruitful! 
 agents lor tne fisicc. 
 Peru, they say (supposing Ophir so), 
 By yeerly fleets into his fisk doth flow. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 609. 
 The streams were perennial which fed his 
 fisc. When new supplies became necessary, 
 the first person that had the felicity to fall 
 in with him, friend or stranger, was sure to 
 contribute to the deficiency. Lamb, Essays 
 of Elia (Two Races of Men). 
 
 FISH. Drunk a* a fish = very druuk
 
 FISHABLE 
 
 ( 242 ) 
 
 FIZZ 
 
 'Gad, my head begins to whim it about. 
 Why dost thou not speak ? thou art both as 
 drunk and as mute as a fish. Congreve, Way 
 of the World, iv. 9. 
 
 FISHABLE, capable of being fished. 
 
 There was only a small piece of fishable 
 water in Engleboura. Hughes, Tom Brown 
 at Oxford, ch. xlvii. 
 
 FISH-BROTH, water. 
 
 The churlish frampold waves gave him his 
 belly-full of fish-broath. Nashe, Lenten Stu/e 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 168). 
 
 FISHER'S KNOT, a slip-knot, the ends 
 of which lie horizontally, and will not 
 become untied. 
 
 Then end to end, as falleth to their lot, 
 Let all your links, in order as they lie, 
 Be knit together with th&t fisher's knot 
 That will not slip, nor with the wet untie ; 
 And at the lowest end, forget it not, 
 To leave a bout or compass like an eye, 
 The lint that holds your hook to hang 
 
 upon, 
 
 "When you think good to take it off and on. 
 Dennis, Secrets of Any ling (Arber, 
 Eng, Garner, i. 150.) 
 
 FISH-FAG, a disparaging name for a 
 female fish-hawker. 
 
 "Who deemed himself of much too high a 
 
 rank, 
 
 With vulgar fish-fags to be forced to chat. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 106. 
 
 FISHMONGERS' FAIR, Lent. In Mars- 
 ton's Malcontent one of the characters 
 says, " Then we agree ? " the other 
 replies, "As Lent and fishmongers." 
 And Nashe in his Lenten Stujfe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 161) says that if it were not 
 for the herring "fishmongers might 
 keepe Christmasse all the yeere," t. e. 
 would have no trade. 
 
 It was at a time when it is the fishmongers' 
 
 {air (tempus quo regnant piscatores) and the 
 utchers' time to be starved. Bailey's Eras- 
 mus, p. 219. 
 
 FISTIC, pugilistic. 
 
 In fistic phraseology, he had a genius for 
 coming up to the scratch, wherever and what- 
 ever it was, and proving himself an ugly 
 customer. Dickens, Hard Times, ch. ii. 
 
 FITCHY, pointed. In heraldry a cross 
 is said to be fitchee when the lower part 
 ends in a point. 
 
 Each board had two tenons fastned in 
 their silver sockets, which sockets some con- 
 ceive made fitchy or picked, to be put into 
 the earth. Fuller, Pisgah Sight, IV. iv. 14. 
 
 FlTTY, subject to fits. 
 
 They . . . turned out so sickly and fifty that 
 there was no rearing them anyhow. Nares, 
 Thinks I to Myself, ii. 168. 
 
 FITTY, suitable. 
 
 Cicero, Varro, Quintilian, and others 
 strained themselues to giue the Greek wordes 
 Latin names, and yet nothing so apt a.ndfitty. 
 Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. ix. 
 
 FIVE-FINGER, also called the crow- 
 fish, a species of Asterias or star-fish. 
 
 There are great penalties by the Admiralty- 
 Court laid upon those that ... do not tread 
 under their feet, or throw upon the shore, a 
 fish which they [people of Colchester] call a 
 Five-finger, resembling the rowel of a spur, 
 because that fish gets into the Oysters when 
 they gape, and sucks them out. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Britain, i. 10. 
 
 FIVER, a five-pound note (slang). Cf. 
 TENNEB. 
 
 I'll trot him . . . against any horse you can 
 bring for a fiver. Hughes, Tom Brown at 
 Oxford, ch. vi. 
 
 FIVES, fist, as being formed of the 
 
 five fingers : a slang term. 
 
 Whereby, altho' as yet they have not took to 
 use their fives, 
 
 Or, according as the fashion is, to sticking 
 with their knives, 
 
 I'm bound there'll be some milling yet, and 
 shakings by the collars, 
 
 Afore they choose a chairman for the Glori- 
 ous Apollers. 
 
 Hood, Row at the Oxford Arms. 
 
 Then let's act like Count Otto, and while one 
 survives, 
 
 Succumb to our she-saints, videlicet wives ; 
 
 That is, if one has not a good bunch of fives. 
 Ingoldsby legends (S. Odille). 
 
 FIVES, a game something like tennis, 
 but the ball is played by the hand ; 
 hence its name. See preceding entry. 
 Or as you may see in the Fleet or the Bench, 
 
 (Many folks do in the course of their lives) 
 The well-struck ball rebound from the wall, 
 
 When the gentlemen jail-birds are playing 
 at fives. Ingoldsby Legends (S.Medard). 
 
 The little man was playing at fives against 
 the bare wall. . . . He had no ball to play 
 with, but he played with a brass button. H. 
 Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. xxxv. 
 
 Fix, a difficulty (slang). 
 It's " a pretty particular Fix," 
 
 Bloudie Jacke, 
 She is caught like a mouse in a trap. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Bloudie Jacke). 
 We were now placed in an uncommonly 
 awkward^*. Block, Adventures of a Phaeton, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 Fizz, to make a hissing or sputtering 
 sound.
 
 FIZZLE 
 
 ( 243) 
 
 FLANNEL 
 
 Thou oft hast made thy fiery dart 
 Fizz in the hollow of his heart. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 249. 
 
 FIZZLE, an onomatopoeous word, sig- 
 nifying the sound of singeing hair, or of 
 hot iron plunged into water, or the like. 
 Whose beards this a black, that inclining 
 
 to grizzle 
 
 Are smoking, and curling, and all in a fizzle, 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Auto-da-fe). 
 
 FLABELL, to fan. 
 
 It is continually flabelled, blown upon, and 
 aired by the north winds. Urquhart's Ra- 
 ' tis, Bk. I. ch. xxxix. 
 
 FLAG, a pinion. 
 
 The haggard cloister'd in her mew 
 To scour her downy robes, and to renew 
 Her broken flags, preparing to o'erlook 
 The tim'rous mallard at the sliding brook, 
 Jets oft from perch to perch. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, III. i. 
 
 FLAGGED. The admiral in the quota- 
 tion is the ship which carries the ad- 
 miral's flag. See L. . v. ADMIRAL. 
 
 At thy firmest age 
 
 Thou hadst within thy bole solid contents 
 That might have ribb'd the sides and plank'd 
 
 the deck 
 Of some flagged admiral. 
 
 Cowper, Yardley Oak. 
 
 FLAGMAX, an admiral. Cf. FLAGGED. 
 
 To Mr. Lilly's the painter's, and there saw 
 the heads, some finished, and all begun, of 
 the Flaggmen in the late great fight with the 
 Duke of York against the Dutch. Pepys, 
 April 18, 1666. 
 
 He was a kind of Flagman, a Vice-Admiral, 
 in all those expeditions of good fellowship. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 535. 
 
 FLAGONET, small flagon. 
 
 And in a \>\ams\ti flayonet stood by 
 
 Beere small as comfort, dead as charity. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 281. 
 
 FLAGRE. 
 
 Tarre, mistresse (quoth shee), we commonly 
 use when the wound is not deepe ; but, ber- 
 lady, for this I can tell you what we will doo, 
 a little flagre, and the white of a new laid 
 egge mingled with a little honey, you shall 
 see I will make a medicine for him. Breton, 
 Miseries of Mauillia, p. 40. 
 
 FLAIL, to strike as with a flail. 
 And in an od corner for Mars they be stern- 
 
 f ulye flayling 
 Hudge spoaks and chariots. 
 
 Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 138. 
 
 FLAM, humbugging. The word is 
 given in the Diets, as verb and sub- 
 
 stantive, but in the extract it is used 
 adjectivally. 
 
 To amuse him the more in his search, she 
 addeth a flam story that she had got his 
 hand by corrupting one of the letter-carriers 
 in London. Sprat, Relation of Young's Con- 
 trivance, 1692 (Harl. Misc., vi. 224). 
 
 FLAMAN, a flamingo (the description 
 of the bird is not in the original). 
 
 Others grew in the legs, and to see them 
 you would have said they had been cranes, 
 or the reddish-long-billed-storklike-scrank- 
 legged sea-fowls, called flamans, or else men 
 walking upon stilts or scatches. Urquharfs 
 Rabelais, II. i. 
 
 FLAMBOYANT. This French word, as 
 an architectural term, may be considered 
 naturalized among us. 
 
 Mons. de Caumont's name is Flamboyant, 
 alluding to the waving of a flame, and the 
 tracery of the windows of this style . . gives 
 very forcibly the idea of this waving in its 
 dividing lines. Archceol., xxiv. 179 (1834). 
 
 FLAME, sweetheart. 
 
 How will she outshine all our Caermarthen 
 ladies : and yet we have charming girls in 
 Caermarthen. Am I, or am I not right, Mr. 
 Reeves, as to my nephew's flame, as they 
 call it? Richardson, Grandison, i. 46. 
 
 I suppose she was an old flame of the 
 Colonel's, for their meeting was uncom- 
 monly ceremonious and tender. Thackeray, 
 Newcomes, ch. xxii. 
 
 FLAMEFUL, burning. 
 
 Pale phlegm, or saffron-coloured choler, 
 In feeble stomacks belch with divers dolor, 
 And print vpon our vnderstanding's tables, 
 That water - wracks, this other flamefull 
 
 fables. Sylvester, Eden, 401. 
 
 FLAMFEWS, kickshaws ; trifles. 
 Voyd ye fro these flamfews, quoa the God. 
 Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 138. 
 
 FLANKER, pavement at the side of 
 a road. 
 
 In July and August was the high way from 
 near the end of St. Clement's Church to the 
 way leading to Marston pitched with pebbles, 
 and the paths or flankers with hard white 
 stones. Life of A. Wood, 1682. 
 
 FLANNEL, soft or warm. In the 
 second extract it seems = flaccid. 
 
 About this time of year I have little fevers 
 every night, which bid me repair to a more 
 flannel climate. Walpole, Letters, iii. 9 
 (1764). 
 
 Some old duchess, as a badger gray, 
 (Her snags by Time, sure dentist, snatched 
 
 away) 
 With long, l&uk, flannel cheeks. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 152. 
 R 3
 
 PLANT AD OE 
 
 FLA UNT 
 
 FLANTADOE, a word coined, I sup- 
 pose, by Stanyhurst : the original is 
 spumas salis cere ruebant. 
 Tward Sicil Isle scantly thee Trojan nauye 
 
 dyd enter, 
 And the sea salte foaming wyth br&neflan- 
 
 tadoe dyd harrow. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 44. 
 
 FLAPDOODLE. See extracts. H. gives 
 it, without example, as a West country 
 expression. 
 
 " It's my opinion, Peter, that the gentle- 
 man has eaten no small quantity of flap- 
 doodle in his lifetime." " What's that, 
 O'Brien ? " replied I ; "I never heard of it." 
 " "Why, Peter," rejoiaed he, " it's the stuff 
 they feed fools on." Marry at, Peter Simple, 
 ch. xxviii. 
 
 " I shall talk to our regimental doctors 
 about it, and get put through a course of 
 f ool's-diet before we start for India." >l Flap- 
 doodle, they call it, what fools are fed on." 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xli. 
 
 FLAPPER, a young wild duck. 
 
 Lightbody happened to be gone out to 
 shoot flappers. Miss Edyeworth, Manoeu- 
 vring, ch. xiv. 
 
 FLAPPE r, a flap or ledge. 
 
 "What brave spirit could be content to sit 
 in his shop with a flappet of wood, and a 
 blue apron before him, . . that might pursue 
 feats of arms? B. and Fl., Knight of Burn- 
 ing Pestle, i. 3. 
 
 FLAPPISH, careless or untidy, as 
 having things loose and flapping about. 
 
 I see your keys ! see a fool's head of your 
 own : had I kept them I warrant they had 
 been forthcoming : you are so flappish, you 
 throw 'em up and down at your tail. The 
 Committee, Act IV. 
 
 FLAPPITS, finery ; fallals. 
 
 The sign of the Golden Ball, it's gold all 
 over, where they sell ribbands, and flappits, 
 and other sort of geer for gentlewomen. 
 Cibber, Provoked Husband, Act I. 
 
 FLASH, flashy ; showy but unsub- 
 stantial. 
 
 Loath I am to mingle philosophical cor- 
 dials with Divine, as water with wine, lest 
 my consolations should be flash and dilute. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 63. 
 
 FLASH. H. says, " A common word 
 for a pool." In the extract it seems to 
 mean a sufficient depth of water. 
 
 I was gone down with the barge to London ; 
 and for want of a flash, we lay ten weeks 
 before we came again. Dialogue on Oxford 
 Parliament, 1631 (Harl. Misc., ii. 116). 
 
 FLASH, slang. 
 
 " His checks no longer drew the cash, 
 Because, as his comrades explain 'd 'mjlash, 
 He had overdrawn his badger." 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 FLASHER, a showy or fashionable 
 person. 
 
 They are reckoned the flashers of the place, 
 yet everybody laughs at them for their airs, 
 affectations, and tonish graces and imper- 
 tinences. Mad. D'Arllay, Diary, i. 260. 
 
 Dr. Harrington, I find, is descended in a 
 right line from the celebrated Sir John Har- 
 rington, who was godson of Queen Elizabeth, 
 and one of the gayest writers and flashers of 
 her reign. Ibid. i. 333. 
 
 FLASHMAN, rogue. 
 
 " You're playing a dangerous game, my 
 flashman, whoever you are," said Lee, rising 
 savagely ; " I've shot a man down for less 
 than that." H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. v. 
 
 FLAT, a fool ; opposite of sharp. 
 
 "Why your face is as black as your hat ! 
 
 Your fine Holland shirt is all over dirt, 
 
 And so is your point-lace cravat. 
 "What a Flat , 
 
 To seek such an asylum as that. 
 
 Ingoldiby Legends (Bloudie Jacke). 
 
 " You did not seek a partner in the peerage, 
 Mr. Newcome." " No, no, not such a con- 
 founded flat as that," cries Mr. Newcome. 
 Thackeray, Neiecomes, ch. xvi. 
 
 FLATCHET, an instrument of some 
 kind : the original is cuspide. The word 
 occurs again (^En., iii. 241) where 
 Virgil has enses. 
 This sayd, with pojnted flatchet thee moun- 
 
 tan he broached, 
 Rush do the winds forward through perst 
 
 chinck narrolie whizling. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 91. 
 
 FLATS, some kind of false dice. 
 
 What false dise vse they ! as disc stopped 
 with quicksiluer and heares, dise of a vaunt- 
 age, Jlattes, gourdes to chop and chaunge 
 whan they lyste to lette^the trew dise fall 
 vnder the table, and so take vp the false. 
 Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 54. 
 
 FLATTERABLE, open to flattery. 
 
 He was the most flatterable creature that 
 ever was known. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 118. 
 
 FLAT-TIRING, downright fatigue (?). 
 
 Having already past over the greatest part 
 of Arcadia, ... his Horse (nothing guilty of 
 his iuquisitiveness) with flat-tiring taught 
 him that discreet stays make speedy journies. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, Bk. i. p. 42. 
 
 FLAUNT A FLAUNT, streaming.
 
 FLAY-FLINT 
 
 ( 245 ) 
 
 FLE YKE 
 
 What be they? women masking in men's 
 
 weedes, 
 With dutchkin dublets and with jerkins 
 
 With Spanish spangs, and ruffes set out of 
 
 France, 
 
 With high copt hattes, and f ethers flaunt a 
 flaunt ? Gascoigne, Steel Glas (Epiloyus). 
 Thy fethers flaunt a flaunte 
 
 Are blowne awaie with winde. 
 Breton, Floorish vpon Fancie, p. 18. 
 
 FLAY-FLINT, a miser ; one who would 
 skin a flint. 
 
 There lived a, flay- flint near, we stole his fruit. 
 Tennyson, Walking to the Mail. 
 
 FLAYSOME, frightful ; terrifying : a 
 North country word. 
 
 Shoo'l not oppen't an ye mak yerflaysome 
 dins till neeght. Hiss E. Bronte, Wuthering 
 Heights, ch. ii. 
 
 FLEAK, a hurdle. Cf. FLEYKE ; and 
 see Peacock's Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 The painful pioners wrought against their 
 
 will, 
 
 With fleaks and fagots ditches vp to fill. 
 Hudson's Judith, iii. 116. 
 
 DAMAGING FLEAKS. E. W and G. W 
 were charged . . . with damaging a.fleak, the 
 property of Lord Foley. . . . Police-sergeant 
 Hind . . . found they had broken the fence. 
 He matched the pieces, and they fitted to- 
 gether. Gainsburgh News, June 27, 1868. 
 
 FLEAWORT, inula conyza. Sylvester 
 reckons among " pernicious plants ; " 
 The dropsie-breeding, sorrow-bringing psylly, 
 Heer called Flea-wurt, 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 177. 
 
 FLEBILE, lachrymose. 
 
 Alackaday! a flebile style this upon a 
 mournful occasion. North, Examen, p. 49. 
 
 His voice falters, and he is let down from 
 his touring tragics, and takes to the more 
 calm and moderate style, not without a tinct 
 of the flebile, as under some mortification, or 
 rather utter despair. Ibid. p. 374. 
 
 FLECKLESS, spotless. 
 O hard when love and duty clash ! I fear 
 My conscience will not count mejleckless. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, ii. 
 
 Children demand that their heroes should 
 be feckless, and easily believe them so. G. 
 Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xvi. 
 
 FLEDGY, newly fledged; also, fea- 
 thery. 
 Lyke bees ..... 
 
 When they do foorth carry theyre young 
 swarme Jtedgyie to gathring. Stanyhvrst, 
 JEa., i. 415. 
 
 Where a fledyy sea-bird choir 
 Soars for ever. Keats, Fingafs Cave. 
 The swan soft leaning on \\erfledgy breast. 
 Ibid., Otho the Great, ii. 2. 
 
 FLEECE, a snatch ; an endeavour to 
 fleece. 
 
 There's scarce a match-maker in the whole 
 town, but has had a fleece at his purse. 
 Centlivre, The Beau's Duel, ii. 2. 
 
 FLEMISH, to wave ; flourish. 
 
 Here on this alder stump, not an hour old ; 
 I thought they beauties starns weren't flem- 
 ishing for nowt. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 ' FLEMISH BOND, a method of laying 
 bricks. 
 
 Workmen began to vise what they call the 
 Flemish bond, which is the strongest as well 
 as the oldest regular bond used in building. 
 Archaol., iv. 106 (1777). 
 
 FLESH, to clothe with flesh. 
 
 This bare sceleton of time, place, and per- 
 son must be fleshed with some pleasant pas- 
 sages. Fuller, Worthies, ch. i. 
 
 FLESH-BIRD, a carrion bird, as the 
 vulture, &c. 
 
 O'er his uncoffined limbs 
 The flocking flesh-birds screamed. 
 Coleridge, To a Young Man of Fortune. 
 
 FLESHHOLD, flesh enough for teeth to 
 seize on. 
 
 There was fleshhold enough for the rhym- 
 ing Satirists and the wits of those times, 
 whereon to fasten the sorest and the strong- 
 est teeth they had. Sanderson, iii. 106. 
 
 FLESH-SPADES, nails. 
 
 My landlady, highly resenting the injury 
 done to the beauty of her husband by the 
 flesh-spades of Mrs. Honour, called aloud for 
 revenge and justice. Tom Jones, Bk. XI. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 FLETCHER. " Jack Fletcher and his 
 bolt " seems a proverbial expression for 
 things dissimilar. Fletcher = arrow- 
 maker ; hence the reference is to the 
 distinction between the intelligent work- 
 man and the dead product of his skill. 
 
 We are as like in conditions as Jack Fletcher 
 
 and his boiclt, 
 
 I brought up in learning, but he is a very dolt. 
 Edwards, Damon and Pithias (Dodsley, 
 0. PI., i. 232). 
 
 FLEYKE, a gate, or paling, or part of 
 a stall. See H. s. v. FLAKE, and cf. 
 FLEAK.
 
 FLICT 
 
 ( 246 ) 
 
 FLOCKERS 
 
 To discuss divinity they nought adread, 
 More meet it were for them to milk kye at 
 &fleyke. 
 
 Song of John Nobody (Strype, Cranmer, 
 Vol. II. App., p. 636). 
 
 FLICT, to afflict. Stanyhurst spells 
 the word two different ways in the 
 same line, unless flighted = forced to 
 
 fly. 
 
 My self erst flighted to reliue thee Jlicted I 
 learned. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 615. 
 
 FUDGE, to become fledged. 
 
 They every day build their nests, every 
 houre flidge, and in tearme-time especially 
 flutter they abroad in flocks. Greene, Theeves 
 falling out, 1615 (Harl. Misc., viii. 383). 
 
 FLIGHT, to scold. 
 
 Then pardou me for these uncourteons words 
 The which I in my rage did utter forth, 
 Prick'd by the duty of a loyal mind ; 
 Pardon, Alphonsus, this my first offence, 
 And let me die if e'er I flight again. 
 
 Greene, Alphonsus, Act II. 
 
 FLIMP, to hustle ; to rob. See quota- 
 tion more at length, s. v. CROSS. 
 
 Flimping is a style of theft which I have 
 never practised, and consequently of which 
 I know nothing. H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, 
 ch. i. 
 
 FLIMSY, bank-notes or other paper- 
 money (slang). 
 
 In English Exchequer-bills full half a million, 
 Not kites manufactured to cheat and inveigle, 
 But the right sort of flimsy, all signed by 
 
 Mouteaglo. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Mer. of Venice). 
 
 FLING, a dance. 
 
 So he stept right up before my gate, 
 And danced me a saucy fling. 
 
 Hood, The Last Man. 
 
 FLING. Full fling = headlong, vio- 
 lently. 
 
 A man that hath taken his career, and 
 runs full fling to a place, cannot recoil him- 
 self, or recall his strength on the sudden. 
 Adams, i. 237. 
 
 FLING AWAY, or OUT, or FROM, to 
 leave hastily (in anger). Holland uses 
 it = escape. Udal (see quotation s. v. 
 SHUTTLE-BRAINKD) has the word in this 
 sense without any preposition attached. 
 
 His towne was not far off, . . . which as he 
 assaulted in two severall places, the Britons 
 flung out at a back way: but many of them 
 in their flight were taken. Holland?* Cam- 
 den, p. 37. 
 
 With this he flings away in discontentment, 
 as if he meant with speed to quit the king- 
 dom. Hid. of Edw. II., p. 153. 
 
 He flung from her and went out of the 
 room. Richardson, Grandison, iv. 209. 
 
 FLINGBBAND, quarrelsome ; polemical. 
 
 I would to God some amongst us had one 
 dram of this grace [discretion] mingled with 
 their whole handfuls of zeal. It would a 
 little cool the preternatural heat of the fling- 
 brand fraternity, as one wittily calleth them. 
 Adams, i. 125. 
 
 FLINT. The common phrase to skin 
 a flint assumes in the extract a some- 
 what different shape. 
 
 For their fare, it was course in the quality, 
 and yet slender in the quantity thereof ; in- 
 somuch that they would in a manner make 
 pottage of a flint. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. vi. 37. 
 
 FLINTED, hardened ; cruel. 
 Also we the byrthplace detest of flinted 
 Vlisses. Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 279. 
 
 FLIPFLAP, a flighty person. 
 The light airy fipflap, she kills him with 
 her motions. Vanbruyh, False Friend, I. i. 
 
 FLIPPER, the finlike arm and deterior- 
 ated hand of the seal, and so applied 
 (in slang) to a man's fist. 
 Thus limb from limb they dismembered him 
 So entirely, that e'en when they came to 
 
 his wrists, 
 "With those great sugar-nippers they cut off 
 
 his flippers, 
 
 As the Clerk very flippantly termed his 
 fists. Ingoldsby Legends (Gengulphus). 
 
 A fist like a seal's flipper proclaimed 
 him the prize-fighter. H. Kingsley, Geoffry 
 Hamlyn, ch. xiv. 
 
 FLITCH, buttock : usually applied 
 only to a beast, especially a pig. 
 Although he has no riches, 
 But walks with dangling breeches, 
 And skirts that want their stiches, 
 And shewes his naked fitches, 
 Yet he'll be thought or seen 
 So good as George-a-Green. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 278. 
 
 FLOCCINAUCITIES, worthless things. 
 
 He did not suppose that trifles andflocci- 
 naucities, of which neither the causes nor 
 consequences were of the slightest import, 
 were predestined. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 clxxx. 
 
 FLOCK, to hold in scorn (flocci ?) 
 
 "We do hym loute &ndflocke, 
 And make him among vs our common sport- 
 ing-stocke. Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 
 
 FLOCKERS, those who flock or crowd 
 to a place. 
 
 The earth was overlaid 
 "With flackers to them. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad,u. 71.
 
 FLOCK LESS 
 
 ( 247 ) 
 
 FLOWER 
 
 FLOOKLESS, without a flock. 
 
 You must remove the flockless pastors, or 
 the payment of the priesthood will be use- 
 less. Sydney Smith, Letters, 1843. 
 
 FLOCK - FATED, silly. Cf . FEATHER- 
 HEADED. 
 
 And he that would be a poet 
 
 Must in no ways be flock-pated : 
 His ignorance, if he show it, 
 He shall of all schollers be hated. 
 
 Roxburgh Ballads, ii. 496. 
 
 FLOG - MASTER, one who wields the 
 lash. 
 
 Busby was never a greater terror to a 
 blockhead, or the Bridewell flog-master to a 
 night-walking strumpet. T. Brown, Works, 
 ii. 205. 
 
 FLOODLESS, arid. 
 
 A fruit-lea, fiood-les, yea, a land-les land. 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 1197. 
 
 FLOOKE, a flounder. 
 Nor would I be a byrd within a cage, 
 
 Nor dogge in kennell, nor a bore in stye ; 
 Nor crab-tree-staffe to leane vpon for age, 
 Nor wicked Hue to leade a youth awrye ; 
 Nor like a Jlooke that floates but with the 
 
 fludde, 
 
 Nor like an eele that liues but in the mudde. 
 Breton, I would and I would not, st. 122. 
 
 FLOORCLOTH, a cloth made of hemp 
 and flax, prepared in a particular way : 
 usually employed for backstairs, pas- 
 sages, &c. 
 
 I've heard our front that faces Drury Lane 
 Much criticised ; they say 'tis vulgar brick- 
 work, 
 A mimic manufactory of floor-cloth. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected 
 
 Addresses, p. 121. 
 
 It was a neat, dull little house on the shady 
 side of the way, with new narrow floorcloth 
 in the passage. Sketches by Boz (Our Next- 
 Door Neighbour). 
 
 FLOOR-CLOTH, to cover with floor- 
 cloth. 
 
 The drawing-room at Todgers's was out of 
 the common style ; ... it was floor-clothed 
 all over, and the ceiling, including a great 
 beam in the middle, was papered. Dickens, 
 Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. ix. 
 
 FLOPPY, loose ; flapping about. 
 
 In those days even fashionable caps were 
 large and floppy. G. Eliot, Amos Barton, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 FLORENCE, a wine or liqueur. 
 
 The chest of Florence which puzzled James 
 and me so much proves to be Lord Hert- 
 ford's drams. Walpole to Mann, iii. 255 
 (1757). 
 
 I told Mr. Fox of the wine that is coming, 
 and he told me what I had totally forgot, 
 that he has left off Florence, and chooses to 
 have no more. Ibid. iii. 329 (1759). 
 
 FLORENT, flourishing. 
 
 Sinopa (o long) was ... a fiorent citee, 
 and of greate power. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 77. 
 
 Scandal has our florent glory spoil'd. 
 D'Urfey, Two Queens of Brentford, Act II. 
 
 FLORISHES, flowers (in women). 
 As childe-great women, or green maids (that 
 
 miss 
 
 Their terms appointed for their florishes) 
 Pine at a princely feast, preferring far 
 Bed herrings, rashers, and (som) sops in tar. 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 897. 
 
 FLOSCULET, a bud. Herrick, writing 
 on a lady who died in childbed, leaving 
 a daughter, says, 
 
 But when your own faire print was set 
 
 Once in a virgin flosculet 
 
 Sweet as yourself, and newly blown, 
 
 To give that life resign'd your own. 
 
 Hesperides, p. 133. 
 
 FLOTESS, scum. 
 
 If thou burnest blood and fat together to 
 please God, what other thing dost thou make 
 of God, than one that had lust to smell to 
 burnt flotess? Tyndale, ii. 215. 
 
 FLOTTER, to flutter or falter. 
 
 Ah ! how sick am I ! my strength is gone, 
 my sight faileth me, my tongue flottereth in 
 my mouth. Becon, iii. 94. 
 
 FLOURISHABLE, blooming ; attractive. 
 
 The devil doth but cozen the wicked with 
 his cates : as before in the promise of deli- 
 cacy, eo here of perpetuity. He sets the 
 countenance of continuance on them, which 
 indeed are more fallible in their certainty 
 than flourishable in their bravery. Adams, 
 i. 217. 
 
 FLOUTING-STOCK, a butt. In the 
 second extract it seems rather = jests, 
 hoaxes. 
 
 This is well ; he has made us his vlouting- 
 stoy. Mery Wives of Windsor, III. i. 
 
 You are wise and full of gibes and vlouting- 
 stocks, and 'tis not convenient you should be 
 cozened. Ibid. IV. v. 
 
 I was treated as nothing, a flouting-stock 
 and a make-game, a monstrous and abortive 
 birth, created for no other end than to be 
 the scoff of my fellows. Godwin, Mandeville, 
 i. 263. 
 
 FLOWER. " The flower of youth " is 
 a common expression, but flower by 
 itself = prime. It will be seen that 
 the two elder writers quoted use the 
 plural.
 
 FLOWER AGE ( 248 ) 
 
 FLUNKY 
 
 Fyrst whan englonde was in hisfloures, 
 Or.lred by the temporall gouernoures, 
 
 Knowenge 110 spirituall jurisdiccion; 
 T.iau was ther in eche state and degre 
 Haboundance and pleutuous prosperite, 
 Peaceable welthe without affliccion. 
 
 Dyaloge between a Gentillman 
 
 and a husbandman, p. 138. 
 If he be young and lusty, the devil will put 
 in his heart, and say to him, What ! thouart 
 iu thy flowers, man ; take thy pleasure. 
 Latimer, i. 431. 
 
 The virgin in her floivr, 
 The fresh young youth, the sucking children 
 
 small, 
 And hoary head dead to the ground shall fall. 
 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 1449. 
 Dr. Playfere departed out of this world, 
 iu the 46 year of his life, in his flower, and 
 prime. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 18. 
 
 " Being formed for society, and being cut 
 off in your flower, you know." " I say," in- 
 terposed the other quickly, " what are you 
 talking of? Don't! Who's a going to be 
 c it off in their flowers? " Dickens, Barndby 
 Hu lye, ch. Ixxiv. 
 
 FLOWERAGE, flowers ; blossoms. 
 
 O, as that evening Sun fell over the Champ- 
 de-Mars . . . saw he on his wide zodiac road 
 other ,stii'h sight? A living garden spotted 
 aud dotted with such floweraye ; all colours 
 of the prism, the.beautif ullest blent friendly 
 with the usefullest. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 
 II. Bk. I. ch.ri. 
 
 St. Edmund's shrine glitters now with 
 diamond^ojcera/es, with a plating of wrought 
 gold. Ibid., Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 FLOW RETRY, decoration in imitation 
 of flowers. 
 
 The cedar wa; so curiously carved with 
 imagery of flowers, palms, and Cherubims, 
 that the walls of the house seemed at the 
 same time a garden of flowers, a grove of 
 trees, yea, and a paradise of angels. Nor 
 was all this flowretry, and other celature on 
 the cedar, lost labour. Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, 
 
 III. v. 4. 
 
 FLUCTUANCY. fluctuation ; wavering. 
 
 They may have their storms and tossings 
 sometime, partly by innate fluctua ncy, as the 
 rollings and tidings of the sea, and partly by 
 outward winds and tempests. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 222. 
 
 FLUCTUATE, to unsettle: usually a 
 verb neuter. 
 
 The younger sisters are bred rebels too, but 
 the thought of guiding their mother, when 
 such royal distinction was intended her, flat- 
 tered and fluctuated them. Mad. IfArUay, 
 Diary, iv. 204. 
 
 FLUCTUOUS, flowing ; pertaining to 
 the waves. See quotation more at 
 length *. v. IMBRISTLE. 
 
 Madona Amphitrite's^weZMous.demeans. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 151). 
 
 FLUDY, pertaining to the sea or flood. 
 Nashe calls the herring " this monarch- 
 all fludy induperator." See quotation 
 
 S. V. EXCELSITDDE. 
 
 FLUE, influenza. 
 
 I have had a pretty fair share of the flue, 
 and believe I am now well rid of it at last. 
 Southey, Letters, 1839 (iv. 574). 
 
 FLUENCE, stream. The Diets, only 
 give the word = fluency. 
 
 That he first did cleanse 
 With sulphur, then with faiences of sweetest 
 
 water rense. Chapman, Iliad, xvi. 224. 
 
 FLUKE, a hydatid, or parasitical in- 
 testinal worm, so called from its like- 
 ness to a flounder. 
 
 Like sheep-boys stuffing themselves with 
 blackberries, while the sheep are licking up 
 flukes in every ditch. Kingsley, Saint's Tra- 
 gedy, ii. 8. 
 
 FLUKE, something unexpected ; a 
 chance (slang). 
 
 These conditions are not often fulfilled, I 
 can tell you ; it is a happy fluke when they 
 are. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. six. 
 
 FLUMMOX, to confound. 
 
 My 'pinion is, Sammy, that if your governor 
 don r t prove a alleybi, he'll be what the 
 Italians call reg'larly flummoxed. Pickwick 
 Papers, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 FLUMP, to put down with violence. 
 
 Bellows went skimming across the room, 
 chairs were flumped down on the floor, and 
 poor Gambouge's oil and varnish-pots went 
 clattering through the windows. Thackeray, 
 Paris Sketch-Book, ch. v. 
 
 FLUNKEYDOM, the domain of flunkeys 
 or servile people. See quotation s. v. 
 OBSCURANTISM. 
 
 Can you deny that you've been off and on 
 lately between flunkeydom and the Cause, 
 like a donkey between two bundles of hay ? 
 C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. xxvii. 
 
 FLUNKY, a livery servant ; hence ap- 
 plied to a servile person. L. has the 
 word with quotations from Thackeray. 
 I add the following as showing that 
 Carlyle in 1838 regarded the term as a 
 Scotticism. The word occurs two or 
 three times in Miss Ferrier's Inheritance 
 (1824). 
 
 In all this who sees not sensuality, preten- 
 sion, boisterous imbecility enough ; much 
 that could not have been ornamental in the 
 temper of a great man's over-fed great man 
 (what the Scotch name flunky), though it had
 
 FLUSH 
 
 ( 249 ) 
 
 FLY 
 
 been more natural there? Carlyle, Misc., 
 iii. 55. 
 
 FLUSH, a term at primero, when the 
 cards were of a suit ; also at cribbage. 
 Gifford says that five and fifty was the 
 highest number to stand on at primero, 
 and if a flush accompanied this, the 
 hand was irresistible. 
 
 I bring you 
 
 No cheating Clim o' the doughs, or Claribels, 
 That look as big as five and fifty and flush. 
 
 Jonson, Alchemist, I. i. 
 
 There was nothing silly in it [whist], like 
 the nob in cribbage nothing superfluous. 
 No flushes, that most irrational of all pleas 
 that a reasonable being can set up ; that any 
 one should claim four by virtue of holding 
 cards of the same mark and colour, without 
 reference to the playing of the game, or 
 the individual worth or pretensions of the 
 cards themselves. Lamb, Essays of Elia 
 (Mrs. Battle). 
 
 FLUSHENIZE, to make like the men of 
 Flushing ; to adopt the drinking habits 
 of the Dutch. 
 O that these healthes that makes so many 
 
 sicke, 
 
 Were buried in the lake of Leathe quicke ! 
 For since our English (ah !) were Flusheniz'd, 
 Against good manners and good men they 
 
 kicke. Danes, Mirum in Modum, p. 10. 
 
 FLUSHING, a woollen material, so 
 called from the place where it is manu- 
 factured. 
 
 He walked his battlements under fire, as 
 some stout skipper paces his deck in a suit of 
 Flushing, calmly oblivious of the April drops 
 that fall on his woollen armour. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xliii. 
 
 FLUSTBATED, tipsy. Flustered is more 
 common. 
 
 "We were coming down Essex Street one 
 night a little foist rated, and I was giving him 
 the word to alarm the watch. Spectator, No. 
 493. 
 
 FLUSTRATION, confusion ; flurry. 
 
 " Bless me," said she, " how soon these fine 
 young ladies will be put mtojlusterations." 
 Richardson, Cl. Harloice, ii. 204. 
 
 A fine gentleman with a pig's tail and a 
 golden sord by his side came to comfit me. 
 . . . My fellow survaut Umphry Klinker bid 
 him be sivil, and he gave the young man a 
 dowse in the chops, but I fackins Mr. Klin- 
 ker wa'n't long in his debt ; with a good 
 oaken sapling he dusted his doublet for all 
 his golden chease-toaster, and fipping me 
 under his arm, carried me huom, I nose not 
 how, being I was in such a fustration. 
 Humphrey Clinker, i. 126. 
 
 He felt, all over him, a mix'd sensation, 
 A kind of shocking, pleasing, queer foistration. 
 Colman, I'ottical Vagaries, p. 146. 
 
 FLUSTRUM, agitation. 
 
 We may take the thing quietly without 
 being in a fotstrum. Miss Edgeicorth, Ab- 
 sentee, ch. v. 
 
 FLUTUH, adjective, a reproachful 
 term. 
 
 Jobbinol goose-caps, foolish loggerheads, 
 futch calfrlollies. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. 
 I. ch. xxv. 
 
 FLUTE, to sound as a flute. See 
 quotation s.v. LUTE. 
 So said he, and the barge with oar and sail 
 Moved from the brink, like some full-breasted 
 
 swan, 
 
 That, jlvti ng a wild carol ere her death, 
 Ruffles her pure cold plume, and takes the 
 
 flood 
 With swarthy webs. 
 
 Tennyson, Passing of Arthur. 
 
 FLUTE-DOUX, a species of flute : the 
 latter part of the word intimating its 
 sweetness. 
 
 Trick. There's five-and-twenty couple of 
 bears are to dance a dance in Paris-garden 
 before the king ; and f our-and-twenty couple 
 of French apes play to them upon th&Jlute- 
 doux. 
 
 Dash. . . . Four-and-twenty bears dance to 
 jlute-douxes ! 
 
 Revenge, or A Match in Newgate, Act II. 
 
 FLUTENIST, flute-player. 
 These village-known cheeks that in country 
 
 listes 
 
 Were fencers' men, these sometimes jlutenists 
 Beare office now. Stapylton, Juvenal, iii. 42. 
 
 FLY, to travel by a fly. Coach was 
 employed as a verb in the same way. 
 See also LITTER. 
 
 We then feed to Stogursey just to see the 
 Church. . . . Tuesday, Poole jlied us all the 
 way to Sir T. Ackland's Somersetshire seat. 
 Southey, Letters, 1836 (iii. 478). 
 
 FLY, wide awake ; sharp. See quota- 
 tion s. v. CLYFAKINQ. 
 
 " Do what I want, and I will pay you well." 
 . . . " I am fly," says Joe ; " but fen larks, you 
 know: stow hooking it." Dickens, Bleak 
 House, ch. xvi. 
 
 FLY, a carriage for hire : it seems at 
 first to have been applied to carriages 
 drawn by men. 
 
 A nouvelle kind of four-wheel vehicles 
 drawn by a man and an assistant are very 
 accommodating to visitors and the inhabit- 
 ants ; they are denominated Jtys, a name 
 given by a gentleman at the Pavilion upon 
 their t'rst introduction in 1816 ; and as they
 
 FOB US 
 
 ( 250 ) 
 
 FOLLY 
 
 have superseded the sedan chairs, we have 
 given a list of fares for the use of these 
 vehicles at the end of the work. Wright's 
 Brighton Ambulator, 1818. 
 Legs the tightest that ever were seen, 
 The tightest, the lightest that danced on the 
 green, 
 
 Cutting capers to sweet Kitty Clover. 
 Shatter'd, scatter 'd, cut, and bowl'd down, 
 Off they go, worse off for renown, 
 A line in the Times or a talk about town, 
 
 Than the leg that &fy runs over. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegy. 
 
 FOBUS, a term of reproach. 
 
 Ay, you old fobus, and you would have 
 beeii my guardian, would you, to have taken 
 care of my estate, that half of 't should 
 never come to me, by letting long leases at 
 pepper-corn rents? Wycherley, Plain Dealer, 
 II. i. 
 
 FCEDIFRAGOUS, covenant-breaking. 
 
 "We see it [adultery] plagued to teach us 
 that the sin is of a greater latitude than some 
 imagine it ; unclean, f&difragous, perjured. 
 Adams, i. 250. 
 
 FOG, gross ; bloated. Foggy is the 
 usual adjective. 
 
 A fovilefog monster, great swad, depriued 
 of eyesight. Stanyhurst, JEn,, iii. 672. 
 
 FOGLE, slang for a silk handkerchief ; 
 foyle-hunter is a stealer of such. 
 
 " What's the matter now ? " said the man 
 carelessly. " A young foyle-hunter" replied 
 the man who had Oliver in charge. "Are 
 you the party that's been robbed, sir? " en- 
 quired the man with the keys. " Yes, I am," 
 replied the old gentleman, "but I am not 
 sure that this boy actually took the hand- 
 kerchief." Dickens, Oliver Ticist, ch. xi. 
 
 " If you don't take fogies and tickers" 
 M What's the good of talking in that way? " 
 interposed Master Bates ; " he don't know 
 what you mean." " If you don't take pocket 
 handkechers and watches,' 1 said the Dodger, 
 reducing his conversation to the level of 
 Oliver's capacity, " some other cove will." 
 Ibid. ch. xviii. 
 
 FOGBAMITY, stupidity. See FOGRUM. 
 
 Nobody's civil now, you know ; 'tis a fo- 
 gramity quite out. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, 
 Bk. II. ch. v. 
 
 FOGRUM, fogeyish ; stupid. L. has 
 fogrum as a substantive = fogy, in 
 which sense also it occurs elsewhere in 
 Camilla. 
 
 Father and mother are but a couple of 
 fntjrum old fools. Foote, Trip to Calais, 
 Act I. 
 
 Do you think I come hither for such 
 foijrnm stuff as that? Mad. D'Arblay, Ca- 
 milla, Bk. II. ch. v. 
 
 FOIL. To give foil = to discomfit ; 
 to take a foil = to accept discomfiture. 
 Lose, gentle lords, but not by good King 
 
 Edward ; 
 A baser man shall give you all the foil, 
 
 Greene, Geo-a-Greene, p. 261. 
 Bestir thee, Jaques, take not now the foil. 
 Lest thou didst lose what foretime thou 
 
 didst gain. Ibid., Friar Bacon, p. 168. 
 
 [The devil] is not only content to take a 
 foil, but even out of the same thing wherein 
 he was foiled maketh he matter of a new 
 temptation, a new ball of fire. Andre wes, 
 Sermons, v. 513. 
 
 FOIL, the track of an animal. To 
 run foil is to run over the same track, 
 to double ; to take foil (see extract 
 s. v. FOOTE SATJNTE) seems to have the 
 same meaning. 
 
 No hare when hardly put to it by the 
 hounds, and running foil, makes more doub- 
 lings and redoublings than the fetcht com- 
 pass, circuits, turns, and returns in this their 
 intricate peregrination. Fuller, Pisyah Sight, 
 IV. iii. 6. 
 
 I think I was hard run enough by your 
 mother for one man ; but after giving her a 
 dodge, here's another follows me upon the 
 foil. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VII. ch. iv. 
 Safe from the fury of the critic hounds, 
 O Bruce, thou treadest Abyssinian grounds, 
 
 Nor can our British noses hunt thy foil. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 187. 
 
 FOLDEDLY, in folds. 
 
 The habite of her Priest was ... a pentacle 
 of siluered stuffe about her shoulders, hang- 
 ing foldedly down. Chapman, Masque of 
 Mid. Temple. 
 
 FOLLY. See quotations. 
 
 They saw an object amidst the woods on 
 the edge of the hill, which upon enquiry they 
 were told was called Sh en stone 's folly. This 
 is a name which, with some sort of propriety, 
 the common people give to any work of 
 taste, the utility of which exceeds the level 
 of their comprehension. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. IX. ch. vii. 
 
 There is nothing in this world which so 
 provokes scorn as the utterly wasted ex- 
 penditure on some proud building which, 
 after a vast outlay, he who planned it, having 
 totally miscalculated his means, is compelled 
 to leave unfinished. . . . We know indeed how 
 this scorn will often embody itself in a name 
 given to the unfinished structure. It is called 
 this man's or that man's "folly ; " and the 
 name of the foolish builder is thus kept alive 
 for long after-years on the lips of men. Ahp. 
 Trench, Westminster Abbey Sermons, p. 130. 
 
 FOLLY, to fool. 
 
 Let me shun 
 Such follyiny before thee. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. i.
 
 FONTAL 
 
 ( 251 ) 
 
 FOOTY 
 
 FONTAL, belonging to the font. 
 This day among the faithful placed, 
 
 And fed with fontal manua, 
 O with maternal title graced 
 
 Dear Anna's dearest Anna. 
 Coleridge, Christening of a Friend's Child. 
 
 FONTANGE, a head-dress introduced 
 at the Court of Louis XIV. about 1680 
 by Mademoiselle Fontange. L. says 
 " rare, obsolete, if ever naturalised," 
 and quotes Spectator, No. 98. 
 Now had the goddess of the year 
 Long flourish'd in her summer geer, 
 And envious autumn in revenge 
 With dust had spoil'd her green fountange. 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, canto 2. 
 
 The Duchess of Burgundy immediately 
 undressed, and appeared in a fontange of the 
 new standard. Gentleman Instructed, p. 105. 
 
 It edifies, I am sure, and would become 
 Quality, and fits as genteely on ladies as 
 French fontanges. Ibid. p. 152. 
 
 FONT-NAME, Christian name. 
 
 Some presume Boston to be his Christian, 
 of Bury his Sirname. But . . Boston is no 
 Font-name. Fuller, Worthies, Lincoln (ii. 
 20). 
 
 FOOL- FAT, to the full, and more (?). 
 Or is it a substantive = bloated folly ? 
 Nay, we must now have nothing brought on 
 
 stages, 
 
 But puppetry, and pide ridiculous antickes ; 
 Men thither come to laugh, and feede fool- 
 fat. 
 
 Chapman, Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois, 
 Act I. 
 
 FOOLOCBACT, rule of fools : a hybrid 
 word ; morocracy would be more cor- 
 rect. 
 
 Yet this is better than the old infamous 
 jobbing, and the foolocracy under which it 
 has so long laboured. Sydney Smith, Letters, 
 1832. 
 
 FOOLOSOPHER, a contemptuous cor- 
 ruption of philosopher. Cf. CRAZY- 
 
 OLOGIST, FUTILITARIAN. 
 
 Some of your philosophers (or foolosophers 
 more properly) have had the faces to affirm 
 that we [women] were not of the same 
 species with men. Howell, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 4. 
 
 FOOT seems to mean "trip" in the 
 extract. 
 
 Harry, giving him a slight foot, laid him 
 on the broad of his back. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, ii. 166. 
 
 FOOT. 
 
 Now trust me not, readers, if I be not 
 already weary of pluming and footing this 
 
 sea-gull, so open he lies to strokes. Milton, 
 Apol.for Smectymnuus, p. 125. 
 
 FOOT. To put one's best foot forward 
 or foremost = to make haste. 
 
 But put your lest foot forward, or I fear 
 That we shall miss the mail. 
 
 Tennyson, Walking to the Mail. 
 
 FOOTBACK. N. gives an extract from 
 Taylor, who speaks of "footback trot- 
 ting travellers," and observes that it is 
 singularly used ; it is not, however, 
 peculiar to Taylor ; it refers, of course, 
 to pedestrians carrying a bundle or 
 knapsack on their backs. 
 
 Tolossa hath forgot that it was sometime 
 sackt, and beggars that euer they caried their 
 fardles onfootback. Nashe, Pref. to Greene's 
 Menaphon. 
 
 FOOTE SAUNT. Halliwell says, " A 
 game at cards mentioned in the School 
 of Abuse" Saunt or cent (q. v. in N.) 
 was a game at cards ; but in the sub- 
 joined there seems to me some double 
 entendre, though I know not what; for 
 how could people play a game at cards 
 without cards? moreover, isfuote joined 
 with saunt or cent anywhere else ? 
 
 In our assemblies at playes in London you 
 shall see . . . suche playing at foote Saunt 
 without cardes,such ticking, such toying, such 
 smiling, such winking, and such manning 
 them home when the sportes are ended, that 
 it is a right comedie to marke their be- 
 hauiour, to watch their conceites, as the 
 catte for the mouse, and as good as a course 
 at the game itselfe to dogge them a little or 
 followe aloofe by the print of their feete, 
 and so discouer by slotte where the deare 
 taketh foyle. Gosson, Schools of Abuse, p. 35 
 
 FOOT-FOLK, infantry. 
 
 A favourite book of his grandfather had 
 been the life of old George Frundsberg of 
 Mindelheim, a colonel of foot-folk in the Im- 
 perial service at Pavia fight. Tliackeray, The 
 Virginians, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 FOOTMAN, lazy tonrgs? 
 
 They were to me like a dumb waiter, or 
 the instrument constructed by the smith, 
 and by courtesy called a "footman ; " they 
 did what I required, and I was no further 
 concerned with them. Godwin, Mandeville, 
 iii. 67. 
 
 FOOTY, poor ; mean. 
 
 I think it would be a very pretty bit of 
 practice to the ship's company to take her 
 out from under Vna&footy battery. Marryat, 
 Peter Simple, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 Nobody wants you to shoot crooked ; take 
 good iron to it, and not footy paving-stones. 
 C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. ix.
 
 POPPER L Y 
 
 ( 252 ) 
 
 FOR ED EL E 
 
 FoPPERLY, foppish ; foolish. 
 
 I'll set my foot to his, and fight it out 
 with him, that their fopperly god is not so 
 good as a Red-herriug. Nashe, Lenten Stujfe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 167). 
 
 FOP'S ALLEY, a passage up the centre 
 of the pit in the old Opera House, 
 where dandies congregated. 
 
 During the last dance she was discovered 
 by Sir Robert Floyer, who, sauntering down 
 fop's alley, stationed himself by her side. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 FORANIZE, to speak or act as a 
 foreigner. Fuller, remarking that Pits 
 called a certain private gentleman no- 
 bilis, says that the word out of England 
 does not imply more than gentle birth, 
 and adds in the margin, " Our country- 
 man, Pits, didforanize with long living 
 beyond the seas." Worthies, Warwick 
 (ii. 417). 
 
 FORBEARANT, patient ; forbearing. 
 
 Whosoever had preferred sincerity, earnest- 
 ness, depth of practical rather than theoretic 
 insight, . . . must have come over to London, 
 and with forbearant submissiveness listened 
 to our Johnson. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 237. 
 
 FORBID, to defy, or challenge. 
 
 To them whom the mist of envy hath so 
 blinded that they can see no good at all done 
 but by themselves, I forbid them, the best of 
 them, to show me in Rheims or in Rome, or 
 any popish city Christian, such a show as we 
 have seen here these last two days. An- 
 drewes, Sermons, v. 36. 
 
 FORBIDDINGNESS, that which repels. 
 
 If she has near her a person to whom she 
 might communicate her whole mind without 
 doubt of her fidelity, yet there may be a/or- 
 biddingness in the person, a difference in 
 years, in degree. Richardson, Grandison, iii. 
 264. 
 
 FORCELET, a linen cloth (?). 
 
 Our doctrine taketh no authority of private 
 folk, of women, of forcelets, of napkins 
 [linteis atqve lineis]. Jewel, i. 260. 
 
 FORE. To the fore = in a prominent 
 position ; ready at hand. According to 
 Barham this is an Irish phrase, but it 
 is now common in England. 
 
 Two or three score 
 Of magnificent structures around, perhaps 
 
 more, 
 As our Irish friends have it, are there to the 
 
 fore. Ingoldsby Ley ends (Auto-da-Fe). 
 
 FOREACQUAINT, to get knowledge be- 
 fore! innd. 
 
 Walk every day a turn or two with death 
 
 in thy garden, and well foreatquaint thyself 
 therewithal. Ward, Sermons, p. 53. 
 
 Even foxes, and hares, and other such 
 vermin, foreacquaint themselves with muses, 
 thickets, and burrows, into which, when they 
 are chased and hunted, they may repair for 
 safety. Ibid. p. 67. 
 
 FORE-AGES, time past. 
 
 In fore-ages men of great titles would 
 patronize the writing of good studies. 
 Breton, Wit's Private Wealth (Dedic.). 
 
 FORE-BACKWARDLY, preposterously ; 
 putting cart before horse. 
 
 Exercise indeed we do, but that very fore- 
 baekwardly ; for where we should exercise to 
 know, we exercise as having known. Sidney, 
 Defence of Poesie, p. 561. 
 
 FORE-BUTTOCK, breast. 
 
 Now with a modern matron's careful air, 
 
 Now her fore-buttocks to the navel bare. 
 
 Misc. by Sicift, Pope, and Arbuthnot, 
 iv. 222 (ed. 1733). 
 
 FORECHACE, the hunt forwards. The 
 Trojans were in pursuit of the Greeks 
 that they might seize the body of 
 Patroclus 
 But when th' Ajaces turn'd on them, and 
 
 made their stand, their hearts 
 Drunk from their faces all their bloods, and 
 
 not a man sustain'd 
 The forechace nor the after-fight. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 637. 
 
 FORECONCLUDE, to conclude previ- 
 ously. 
 
 They held the same confederation fore- 
 concluded by Alfred. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., 
 p. 12. 
 
 FORECONDEMN, to condemn before- 
 hand. 
 
 What can equally savour of injustice and 
 plain arrogance as to prejudice and forecon- 
 demn his adversary in the title for " slander- 
 ous and scurrilous " ? Milton, Apol. for 
 Smectymnuus, p. 103. 
 
 FORE COURT, front court. 
 
 Englishmen in ancient time called in their 
 language an Entry, and fore Court or Gate- 
 house, Inbopou. Holland's Camden, p. 815. 
 
 FOREDECREE, to preordain. 
 
 God had fore-decreed to make it His owne 
 worke by a cleaner way. Daniel, Hist, of 
 Eng., p. 162. 
 
 FOREDEEM, to presage. 
 
 Of a frende it was more standing with 
 humanitee and gentlenesse to hope the best 
 then to foredeme the worste. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 3i'0. 
 
 FOREDELE, advantage. See H. &. v. 
 To one demaunding what auantage he had
 
 FOREDOXE 
 
 ( 353 ) FOREIMAGINATION 
 
 by his philosophic, " Though nothing els," 
 saied he, " yet at lestwise Ihisforedele I haue, 
 that I am readie prepared to al maner for- 
 tune, good or badde." Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 157. 
 
 FOREDONE, previous. 
 
 And then behoveth us to take upon us 
 sharp penance, continuing therein, for to 
 obtain of the Lord forgivness of our fore- 
 done sins, and grace to abstain us hereafter 
 from sin. Exam, of W. Thorpe (Hale, Select 
 Works, p. 67). 
 
 FORE-DOOR, front door. See extract 
 
 S. V. SCBTERRESTRIAL. 
 
 The tiger-hearted man . . by force carried 
 me through a long entry to the fore-door. 
 Richardson, Grandison, i. 248. 
 
 FOREFAINT, very languishing. 
 And with that word of sorrow, allforefaint 
 She looked up. 
 
 Sackmlle, Induction, st. 15. 
 
 FORE FATCHE, forethought or sub- 
 tlety. Fetch is a common word for 
 contrivance. 
 
 I thought that a forrener and a straunger 
 had bene all one. But bylike it includeth 
 som great mistery knowne only to his Lord- 
 shyppes politicke wisdome that they be here 
 reckned two, as he is a man of a great fore 
 fatche. Bale, Declaration of Banner's Articles, 
 1554 (Art. xi.). 
 
 FOREFEEL, to feel beforehand. 
 
 "With unwieldy waves the great sea 
 
 forefeels winds 
 That both ways murmur. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xiv. 13. 
 
 FOREFIT, to prepare. 
 
 Mark such as, sentenced by judges and 
 physicians, foreknow their death, yet with- 
 out special grace forefit themselves never the 
 more carefully. Ward, Sermons, p. 54. 
 
 FOREFORM, to prepare. 
 
 They will have no reserve upon them, 
 no foreformed evasions or contrivances for 
 escape. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 176. 
 
 FOREGATE, entrance gate. 
 The nether towne . . . fensed with a wall, 
 with a castle also thereto, and a foregate at 
 the entrance into it. Holland's Camden, 
 ii. 81. 
 
 Beare vp the Crosse ; and euer looke vpon't 
 As on the only key of Heav'n's fore-gate. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Teares, p. 15. 
 
 Some postern or back-door for a gift to 
 come in when the broad fore- gates are shut 
 against it. Adams, ii. 259. 
 
 FOREGATHER, to hold close inter- 
 course with. 
 
 And he waggled his tail, as much as to say, 
 " Mr. Blogg, we've fwegathered before to- 
 day." Inyoldsby Legends {Bagman's Dog). 
 "I am ... a man of my word." "Ay, 
 and a man who is better than his word," 
 cried Catherine ; " the only one I ever did 
 foregather." Reade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. liv. 
 
 Instead of foregathering with an old friend, 
 you discover that you have to make a new ac- 
 quaintance. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. vii. 
 
 FOREGROWN, overgrown. 
 
 To be quiet from the inward, violent, 
 injurious oppressors, the fat and foregrown 
 rams within our own fold, is a special bless- 
 ing. Andrewes, v. 137. 
 
 FOREHEAD. Forehead of the morning 
 is Chapman's rendering of 77,01 /zaXa, very 
 early. Cf. "top of the morning," though 
 that rather refers to the best part of the 
 morning. 
 
 I'll launch my fleet, and all my men 
 
 remove ; 
 "Which (if thou wilt use so thy sight, or 
 
 think'st it worth respect) 
 In forehead of the morn thine eyes shall see, 
 
 with sails erect 
 Amidst the fishy Hellespont. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, ix. 347. 
 
 FJOREHEADED, headstrong"; tender- 
 foreheaded gentle, meek. 
 
 The Gnosticks, Valentinians, Cataphry- 
 gians, . . . were tender-foreheaded and simple- 
 spirited people compared to those high- 
 crested and Seraphick Sophisters. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 47. 
 
 Our zeal to God's glory (saith he), our love 
 to His Church, and the due planting of the 
 same in this For-headed age, should be so 
 
 warm Heylin's Hist, of the Presbyterians, 
 
 p. 278. 
 
 FOREHEADLESS, brazen ; impudent. 
 
 If Jethro called for courage in those 
 modest, primitive times, and among a people 
 newly tamed with Egyptian yokes, what do 
 our audacious and foreheadless swaggerers 
 require ? Ward, Sermons, p. 121. 
 
 FOREHEARSE (?). Love is the 
 wounder referred to. 
 Ay me poore man, with many a trampling 
 
 teare 
 
 I feele him wound the forehearse of my heart. 
 Greene, Menaphon, p. 87. 
 
 FOREIMAGINATION, anticipation. 
 
 If any of us had but half the strength of 
 Paul's faith, or life of his hope, or cheerful 
 foreimayinations, which he had of this feli- 
 city, we could not but have the same desires 
 and longings for our dissolution, and fruition 
 of them. Ward, Sermons, p. 68.
 
 FOREKING 
 
 ( 254 ) 
 
 FORESHAPE 
 
 FOREKING, a predecessor on the 
 tli rone. 
 
 "Why didst thou let so many horsemen hence ? 
 Thy fierce forekings had clench'd their pirate 
 
 hides 
 To the bleak church doors, like kites upon a 
 
 barn. Tennyson, Harold, iv. 3. 
 
 FORELITTER, to litter or bring forth 
 prematurely. Cf. extract from Greere, 
 s. v. PUPPY. 
 
 As forelittring bitches whelp blynd pup- 
 pies, so I may bee perhaps entwighted of 
 more haste then good speede. Stanyhurst, 
 Virgil, Dedic. 
 
 FOREMELT, to melt beforehand. 
 
 Loue's vshering fire 
 
 Foremelting beautie, and loue's flame itselfe. 
 Chapman, Gentleman Vsher, Act IV. 
 
 FOREMIND, to intend. 
 Neauer I foremynded (let not mee falslye be 
 
 threpped) 
 For toe slip in secret by flight. 
 
 Stanyhurst, 2En., iv. 354. 
 
 FORE-NAME, Christian name. 
 
 His soune, carrying the same fore-name, 
 not degenerating from his father, lived in 
 high honour. Holland's Camden, p. 320. 
 
 FORENIGHT, previous night. Cf. 
 AFTER-MORN in Tennyson. 
 And I that in foreniyht was with no weapon 
 
 agasted, 
 And litel esteemed thee swarms of Greekish 
 
 assemblye, 
 Now shiuer at shaddows. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 753. 
 
 FORENSIVE, legal. 
 
 One thing remains that is purely of epis- 
 copal discharge, which I will salute and go 
 by, before I look upon his forensive or poli- 
 tical transactions. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 97. 
 
 FOREPAYMEXT, prepayment. 
 
 I had 100 of him in forepayment for the 
 first edition of Espriella, or rather in part of 
 'forepayment. Southey, Letters, 1807 (ii. 9). 
 
 FOREPLAN, to prearrange. 
 
 She had learnt very little more than what 
 had been already foreseen and foreplanned in 
 her own mind. Miss Austen, Sense and Sens- 
 ibility, ch. xxxviii. 
 
 FOREPOINT, to predestine ; foreshow. 
 
 These three (as distressed wrackes), pre- 
 serued by some further forepoynting fate, 
 coueted to clime the mountaiue. Greene, 
 Menaphon, p. 27. 
 
 This (as forepointing to a storme that was 
 gathering on that coast) began the first dif- 
 ference with the French nation. Daniel, 
 Hist, of Eng., p. 10. 
 
 FOREQUOTE, to cite beforehand. 
 As publik and autentik rowles forequoti ng 
 Couf used th' events most worthy noting 
 In His deer Church, His darling and delight. 
 Sylvester, The Columnes, 454. 
 
 FORE-REPORT, to declare beforehand. 
 
 Fame falls most short in those transcend- 
 ents which are above her predicaments, . . . 
 but chiefly in fore-reporting the happinesse 
 in heaven. Fuller, Holy State, Bk. III. ch. 
 xxiii. 
 
 FORE-REQUEST, to ask beforehand. 
 
 Whereas Papists plead that Offa had fore- 
 requested the granting of these priviledges 
 from the Pope, no mention at all thereof 
 appears in the charter of his foundation 
 (here too large to insert), but that all was 
 done by his own absolute authority. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., II. iii. 38. 
 
 FORE- RESEMBLE, to prefigure. 
 
 He . . . stiffly argues that Christ being as 
 well king as priest was as well fore-resembled 
 by the kings then as by the high priest ; so 
 that if his coming take away the one type, it 
 must also the other. Milton, Reason of Ch. 
 Government, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 FORE-RESOLUTION, previous resolve. 
 
 Men that want this fore-resolution are like 
 a secure city, that spends all her wealth in 
 furnishing her chambers and furbishing her 
 streets, but lets her bulwarks fall to the 
 ground. Adams, iii. 26. 
 
 FORESEND, to send beforehand. 
 
 Claudius . . . foresends Publius Ostorius 
 Scapula, a great warrior, propraetor into 
 Britaine. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 4. 
 
 FORESENTENCE, prophetic doom. 
 When wine had wrought, this good old man 
 
 awook, 
 
 Agniz'd his crime, ashamed, wonder-strook 
 At strength of wine, and toucht with true 
 
 repentance, 
 With prophet mouth 'gan thus his son's 
 
 fore-sentence. Sylvester, The A rke, p. 599. 
 
 FORESHADOW, a shadowing before ; an 
 anticipatory sketch. The verb is com- 
 mon. 
 
 It is only in local glimpses and by signifi- 
 cant fragments . . . that we can hope to 
 impart some outline or foreshadow of this 
 doctrine. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 Dubious on the distracted patriot imagin- 
 ation wavers, as a last deliverance, some 
 foreshadow of a National Guard. Ibid., FT. 
 Rev., Pt. I. Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 FORESHAPE, to prepare ; to mould 
 beforehand. 
 
 But let it be propounded on his part, 
 Or by the seculars before the Synod,
 
 FORESL1P 
 
 ( 255 ) 
 
 FORKED 
 
 And we shall so foreshape the minds of meii 
 That by the acclaim of most, if not of all, 
 It shall be hailed acceptable. 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, iii. 3. 
 
 FORESLIP, to lose previously. 
 
 You shall have them burnish, and grow 
 thicke, yea, and then make hast for amends 
 of the former timeforeslipt. Holland, Pliny, 
 xix. 6. 
 
 FORESNAFFLE, to restrain by anti- 
 cipation. 
 Had not I foresnaffled my mynde by votarye 
 
 promise 
 Not toe yoke in wedlock ? 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 17. 
 
 FORESPEAK, to bewitch, and so to 
 invoke evil. Cf. BESPEAK, and see H. 
 The sly Enchanter, when to work his will 
 And secret wrong on someforespoken wight, 
 Frames wax in form to represent aright 
 The poor unwitting wretch he means to kill ; 
 And pricks the image, framed by magic's skill, 
 Whereby to vex the party day and night. 
 
 Daniel, Sonnet X. (Arber's 
 Eny. Garner, i. 585). 
 
 I doe not forespeak or imprecate a further 
 evil day upon any. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 337. 
 
 FORESPEAKER, an introducer; one who 
 prepares the way for another. 
 
 "Wee must get him . . . gloues, scarfes, 
 and fannes to bee sent for presents, which 
 might be as it were forespeakers for his 
 entertainment. Breton, Grimello's Fortunes, 
 p. 10. 
 
 FOREST. The Antiquary referred to 
 for this curious derivation is stated in 
 a note to be " Sir Robert Cotton (under 
 the name of Mr. Speed) in Huntington- 
 shire." 
 
 Now was the South-west of this County 
 made a Forest indeed, if, as an Antiquary 
 hath observed, a Forest be so called, quia 
 foris est, because it is set open and abroad. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Hayits (i. 399). 
 
 FORETEAM, front shaft or pole (Latin 
 temo). 
 
 Their chariots in their foreteams broke. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvi. 352. 
 
 FORETHREATEN, to threaten before- 
 hand. 
 
 Druina's monarch himself, when all his 
 great sages were at a stand, hit right upon 
 it ; for it being forethreatned, and advertise- 
 ment being fortunately lighted upon, that a 
 sudden blow should be given, which should 
 be no sooner doing than a piece of paper 
 burning, His Majesty . . . positively avouched 
 that it must be some project of nitre. 
 Howell, Dodona's Grove, p. 44. 
 
 FOREWEEP, to weep before ; to usher 
 in with weeping. 
 
 The sky in sullen drops of rain 
 Forewept the morn. 
 
 Churchill, The Duellist, i. 155. 
 
 FOREWITHERED, withered away. 
 Her body small, foreidther'd, and forespent, 
 As is the stalk that summer's drought 
 
 oppress'd. Sackville, Induction, st. 12. 
 
 FORE-WORLD, the antediluvian world. 
 It were as wise to bring from Ararat 
 The fore-world's wood to build the magic pile. 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. ix. 
 
 FORFEITMENT, penalty. 
 
 Then many a Lollard would in forfeitment 
 
 Bear paper-faggots o'er the pavement. 
 
 Hall, Sat., II. i. 17. 
 
 FORGALDED, thoroughly galled. 
 But sure that horse which tyreth like a roile, 
 And lothes the grief e of \nsforgalded sides, 
 Is better much than is the harbrainde colte. 
 
 Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, p. 117. 
 
 FORGETTABLE, obscure ; unremark- 
 able. 
 
 Of the numerous and now mostly forget- 
 table cousinry we spe ify farther only the 
 Mashams of Otes in Essex. Carlyle, Crom- 
 well, i. 21. 
 
 FORGIVINGNESS, placability. 
 
 Sir Charles . . was always happy in making 
 by his equanimity, generosity, and foryiving- 
 ness, fast friends of inveterate enemies. 
 Richardson, Grandison, vi. 115. 
 
 FORTSFAMILIATION, the establishment 
 of a son away from the father's house, 
 with a certain sum, beyond which he is 
 to expect nothing. R. has the verb, 
 q. v. ; it is a legal term. 
 
 My father could not be serious in the 
 sentence of foris-familiation which he had so 
 unhesitatingly pronounced. Scott, Rob Roy, 
 i. 37. 
 
 FORISTELL, breach of the forest 
 laws (?) 
 
 The inhabitants, as we read in King 
 "William the Conqueror's booke, were . . . 
 quitte and quiet from all custom e, beside 
 for robbery, peace-breach, and Foristell. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 350. 
 
 FORKED. To fork out = to give 
 money is a common slang phrase. See 
 quotations.?;. CoTTON.but query whether 
 this is the meaning in the first extract. 
 Sooner the inside of thy hand shall grow 
 Hisped and hairie, ere thy palm shall know 
 A postern -bribe took, or a. fo?-ked-fee 
 To fetter Justice, when she might be free. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 216.
 
 FORLORN ( a 
 
 If I am willing to/orfc out & sum of money, 
 he may be willing to give up his chance of 
 Diplow. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxviii. 
 
 FORLORN, a forlorn hope. 
 The squadron nearest to your eye 
 Is his Forlorn of infantry. 
 
 The Forlorn now halts for the van, 
 The Bearguard draws up to the main. 
 
 Cotton, Winter, 1689 (E,ig. Garner, 
 i. 219). 
 
 FORMABLE, shapely. In the second 
 extract it = plastic. 
 
 Thys profit is gott by trauelling, that what- 
 soeuer he wryteth he may so expresse and 
 order it, that hys narrative may be formable. 
 
 Webbe, Enylish Poetrie, p. 90. 
 
 The Papists . . . call that sacred writ a 
 nose of wax, formable to any construction. 
 Adams, ii. 338. 
 
 FORMALISER, formalist; a man of 
 routine. 
 
 It was notorious that after this secretary 
 retired the king's affairs went backwards; 
 wheels within wheels took place ; the minis- 
 ters turned formalisers, and the court mys- 
 terious. North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 144. 
 
 FORMALITIES, special dress. In the 
 subjoined quotations it is applied to 
 academical, municipal, sacerdotal, and 
 Quaker's garb ; also, as by Earle, to 
 what would now be called the get up 
 of an affected man. 
 
 You find him in his slippers, and a pen in 
 his eare, in which formality he was asleep. 
 
 Earle, Microcosmoyraphie (Pretender to 
 Learning). 
 
 She took her leave of the University, . . . 
 the Doctours attending her in their formali- 
 ties as far as Shotover. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 IX. i. 73. 
 
 Egg - Saturday, Edward Bagshaw, M.A., 
 and student of Ch. Ch., presented his bache- 
 laurs ad determinandum, without having on 
 him any formalities, whereas every deane 
 besides had formalities on. Life of A. Wood, 
 Feb. 12, 1658-9. 
 
 Requiring . . . the several companies in 
 the City to attend solemnly in their formali- 
 ties as she went along. Heylin, Life of 
 Laud, Bk. III. p. 241. 
 
 The priests went before in their formali- 
 ties. Aubrey, Misc., p. 218. 
 
 Mrs. Lov. I hop'd to have been quiet, 
 when once I had put on your odious for- 
 mality here. 
 
 Col. Then thou wearest it out of compul- 
 sion, not choice, friend. 
 
 Mrs. Lov. Thou art in the right of it, 
 friend. 
 
 Centlivre, Bold Stroke for a Wife, Act V. 
 
 FORMER, a predecessor. 
 
 56 ) FORRELL 
 
 "We must be content in common speech to 
 use the terms of our formers devised. W. 
 Patten, Erped. to Scotland, 1547 (Arber, Eng. 
 Garner, iii. 59). 
 
 FORMIC, pertaining to formicce or 
 ants. In the extract the word is em- 
 ployed generally. In ordinary use it 
 only occurs in the phrase formic acid, 
 a pungent acid supplied by, or similar 
 to that supplied by, ants. 
 
 When we are told to go to the ant and 
 the bee, and consider their ways, it is not 
 that we should borrow from them formic 
 laws or apiarian policy. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. xcvi. 
 
 FORMIDABILITY, power of causing 
 fear. 
 
 A Mackintosh has been taken who reduces 
 their formidahility by being sent to raise two 
 clans, and with orders, if they would not 
 rise, at least to give out they had risen, for 
 that three clans would leave the Pretender 
 unless joined by these two. Walpole to 
 Mann, ii. 98 (1745). 
 
 FORMOSITIE, beauty. The speaker is 
 a pedantic schoolmaster. 
 
 The thunder-thumping Jove transfused his 
 dotes into your excellent, formositie. Sidney, 
 Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 FORMULARY, formal. 
 
 An English workman should have been 
 called in to assist to have here mended the 
 formulary part, which is grossly mistaken, 
 and shows plainly the romance of a foreigner. 
 North, Reflections on Le Clerc, p. 675. 
 
 There is . .in the incorruptible Sea-green 
 himself, though otherwise so lean and formu- 
 lary, a heartfelt knowledge of this latter fact. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 FORNE, former. 
 
 Gangameli is as much as to saye the 
 Camel's hous ; whiche it is saied that a 
 certain king in forne yeares, when he had on 
 a dromedarie camele escaped the haudes of 
 his enemies, builded there. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 210. 
 
 FORNESSE, foreland. 
 
 "Whiles I looked round . . . Fornesse the 
 other part of this shire appeared in sight, 
 which the sea hath after a sort violently 
 rent apart from the rest. ... So much, that 
 thereupon it tooke the name. For with us 
 in our language, For-nesse and Foreland is all 
 one with the Latine Promontorium anterius 
 (that is, a Fore-promontory). Holland's 
 Camden, p. 754. 
 
 FORRELL, to bind. The cover of a 
 book is still called in Devonshire the 
 farrol (cf. Fr. fourreau). At present 
 book-binders call an inferior kind of
 
 FOXS AND AGAJNSTS ( 257 ) FOUR-IN-HAND 
 
 vellum forrel, probably because used 
 in covering books. 
 
 As for Jooephus his conceit, that the 
 second edition of the temple by Zerobabel, 
 as it was new forrelled and filletted with 
 gold by Herod, was a statelier volume then 
 the first of Solomon ; it is too weak a sur- 
 mise to have a confutation fastned to it. 
 Fuller, Holy State, Bk. III. ch. xxiv. 
 
 FORS AND AGAINSTS, advantages and 
 disadvantages. The Anglo-Latin pros 
 and cons is more usual. 
 
 I knew all about it at the time ; I was 
 privy to all the fors and ayainsts. Miss 
 Austen, Persuasion, ch. xxi. 
 
 FOBSLIP, suffer to escape. 
 
 Hee . . . shifted off and dallied with them 
 still, untill they had forslipt the opportunitie 
 of pursuing him. Holland's Camden, ii. 127. 
 
 FORT, brave ; strong. In the second 
 extract it perhaps = tipsy, fortified 
 with liquor. 
 
 O goodly man at arms, 
 In fight a Paris, why should fame make thee 
 
 fort 'gainst our arms, 
 Being such a fugitive ? 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 112, 
 But if he come home fort to bed, 
 
 te ra la tal da ral de ra do, 
 I will not strive to wrong his head, 
 Tho' by the foretop he is led. 
 
 Roxlurgh Ballads, ii. 422. 
 
 FORTHDEAL, step in advance ; pro- 
 gress. Udal says that to begin well is 
 
 As good aforthdeale and auantage towards 
 thende of the werke as if a good porcion of 
 the same wer alredie finished. Erasmus, 
 Apophth., p. 41, note. 
 
 FORTH-FARE, passing-bell. 
 
 Item, that from henceforth there be no 
 knells or forth-fares rung for the death of 
 any man. Hooper, Injunctions, 1551. 
 
 FORTITUDINOUS, endowed with forti- 
 tude. The term is used by Colonel 
 Bath, of whom it is said (Bk. III. ch. 
 viii.), "All his words are not to be 
 found in a dictionary." 
 
 He rose immediately, and having heartily 
 embraced Booth, presented him to his friend, 
 saying he had the honour to introduce to 
 him as brave and as fortitudinous a man 
 as any in the king's dominions. Fielding, 
 Amelia, Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 FORTUNE, to provide with a fortune ; 
 to dower. 
 
 I must go to him and to his as an obliged 
 and half-fortuned person. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harloice.'i. 299. 
 
 He is to fortune her out to a young lover 
 Ibid. ii. 163. 
 
 FOSSICKING. H. gives this as a 
 Warwickshire word = troublesome. In 
 the extract it seems to mean persistent, 
 and persistency is often troublesome. 
 Is this word connected with Fussock, a 
 provincial name for the ass ? 
 
 They [the Chinese] are more suited by 
 habit, characteristics, and physique to plod- 
 ding, fossicking, persevering industry than 
 for hard work. Eraser's Mag., Oct. 1878, 
 p. 449. 
 
 FOSTER, a fosterer or cherisher. 
 He plays the serpent right, describ'd in 
 
 Esop's tale, 
 That sought the f aster's death, that lately 
 
 gave him life. 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, p. 131. 
 
 FOUNTAINEER, manager or director of 
 a fountain. 
 
 On one of these walks, within a square of 
 tall trees, is a basilisc of copper, which, 
 managed by the fountainere, casts water 
 neere 60 feet high. . . . The fountaineere 
 represented a showre of raine from the topp. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 27, 1644. 
 
 FOUNTAINLET, a little fountain. 
 
 In the aforesaid Village there be two 
 Fountainelets, which are not farre asunder. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Huntingdon (i. 468). 
 
 FOURB, to cheat ; also a swindler. It 
 is a frequent word in North's Examen. 
 
 I ask then how those who f curbed others 
 become dupes to their own contrivances. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 370. 
 
 If a lawyer . . . has the foresight to lay 
 in a provision for age and accidents, he must 
 be dubb'd a cheat, and posted up for afourb 
 and impostor. Hid. p. 525. 
 
 The referring these fourbs to the secre- 
 tary's office to be examined always frustrated 
 their designs. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, ii. 40. 
 
 FOURBERY, cheat ; deception. See 
 
 FURBERY. 
 
 A child will scream out at its nurse under 
 the disguise of a vizard, but take it off. and 
 he turns the very object of fear into play and 
 diversion ; you have unmask'd the fourbery, 
 you have discover'd the imposture ; why 
 have you less assurance than a child ? 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 373. 
 
 FOUR-EARED, ass ; a double ass. 
 I would I were the gallant Courtizan 
 
 That euer put a four-ear 'd asse to schoole. 
 Breton, I would and I -would not, st. 82. 
 
 FOUR - IN - HAND, with four horses 
 driven from the box. 
 
 It is excessively pleasant to hear a couple 
 of these four-in-hand gentlemen retail their 
 exploits over a bottle. Irving, Salmagundi, 
 No. iii.
 
 FOUR-LANE-END ( 258 ) 
 
 FRANKIFY 
 
 Thus off they went, and, four-in-hand, 
 Dash'd briskly tow'rds the promis'd land. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xx. 
 
 FOUR-LANE-END, a place where four 
 roads meet. 
 
 He being also anathematized, was interred 
 at & four-lane-end without the city. Archaol., 
 viii. 203 (1787). 
 
 FOUR-POSTER, a large bed with four 
 posts to it. 
 
 " Will you allow me to in-quire why you 
 make up your bed under that 'ere deal 
 table ? " said Sam. " 'Cause I was always 
 used to a four-poster afore I came here, and 
 I find the legs of the table answer just as 
 well," replied the cobbler. Pickwick Papers, 
 ch. xliv. 
 
 Nobody mistook their pew for their four- 
 poster during the sermon. Reade, Never too 
 late to mend, ch. vii. 
 
 FOURTEENTH NIGHT, fortnight. 
 
 It was agreed that there shuld be a truce : 
 .... yet so as it might be free for both 
 sides, after fourteen daies waring given 
 
 aforehand, to begin warre afresh 
 
 The queen was highly 
 
 offended .... that hee had agreed upon 
 such a cessation as might every fourteenth 
 night be broken. Holland's Camden, ii. 131. 
 
 FOUR-WHEELER, a four-wheeled cab, 
 as distinguished from a hansom. 
 
 He, having sent on all their luggage by a 
 respectable old four - wheeler, got into the 
 hansom beside her. 
 
 Black, Princess of Thule, ch. x. 
 
 FOWAGE, hearth-money. See FEU- 
 AGE. 
 
 Bethink ye, Sirs, 
 
 "What were thefowage and the subsidies 
 When bread was but four mites that's now a 
 
 groat? Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. I. ii. 6. 
 
 Fox, to make tipsy, is plentifully 
 illustrated by N. ; but he does not give 
 the phrase flay the fox = be sick after 
 drinking (escorcher le regnard) ; either, 
 says Cotgrave, because in spewing one 
 makes a noise like a fox that barks, or 
 else (from the subject to the effect) 
 because the flaying of so unsavoury a 
 beast will make any one spew. See 
 quotation a. v. COMB- FEAT. 
 
 Which made all these good people there 
 to lay up their gorges, and vomit what was 
 upon their stomachs before all the world, as 
 if they h&d flayed the fox. Urquhart's Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. II. ch. xvi. 
 
 Fox AND GEESE, a game played with 
 pegs or draughtsmen. 
 
 " Can you play at no kind of game, Master 
 Harry? " " A little sAfox and geese, madam." 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 367. 
 
 Fox WHELP, a liquor. See quotation 
 more at length s. v. STIRE. 
 
 Fox whelp, a beverage as much better than 
 champagne as it is honester, wholesorner, 
 and cheaper. Southey, The Doctor, Inter- 
 chapter xvi. 
 
 FOT, some sort of cheat or swindler. 
 
 Though you be crossbites, foys, and nips, 
 yet you are not good lifts. Greene, Theeves 
 falling out, 1615 (Harl. Misc., viii. 389). 
 
 FRAB, to harass ; scold. 
 
 I was not kind to you ; I f robbed you and 
 plagued you from the first, my lamb. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Ruth, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 FRAGMENTARINESS, brokenness; 
 want of continuity. 
 
 This stupendous fragmentariness height- 
 ened the dream-like strangeness of her bridal 
 life. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xx. 
 
 FRAGROUS, fragrant, which is the 
 reading in other copies. 
 
 Oh doe not fall 
 Fowle in these noble pastimes, least you call 
 
 Discord in, and so divide 
 The gentle bridegroome and the fragrous 
 bride. Herrick, Appendix, p. 453. 
 
 FRAME, to move (N. country). 
 
 Frame upstairs, and make little din. Miss 
 E. Bronte, Wutheriny Heights, ch. v. 
 
 An oath, and a threat to set Throttler on 
 me if I did not frame off, rewarded my per- 
 severance. Ibid. ch. xiii. 
 
 FRAME, a raft. 
 Out, people, out vppon them, follow fast 
 
 with fires and flames, 
 Set sayles aloft, make out with oares, in 
 
 ships, in boates, in frames. 
 
 Phaer's &neid, Bk. iv. 
 
 FRAME-HOUSE, a place in which things 
 are framed or fashioned. Bradford 
 uses the word again, pp. 54, 86. 
 
 The cross . . is the frame-house in which 
 God frameth His children like to His Son 
 Christ. Bradford, ii. 78. 
 
 FRANCISED, Frenchified. 
 
 He was an Englishman Francised, who, 
 going over into France a young man, spent 
 the rest of his life there. Fuller, Worthies 
 (Hertford), i. 435. 
 
 FRANKIFY, to give a Frank dress to. 
 Cf. FRENCHIFY. 
 
 As for Frankifyiny their own names, the 
 Greeks do it worse than we do. Lord Strang- 
 ford, Letters and Papers, p. 150.
 
 FRANSICAL 
 
 ( 259 ) FRENCH LEA VE 
 
 FRANSICAL, frantic. 
 A certain fransical maladie they call Love. 
 Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 FRANTIC, a madman. 
 Fantastik frantiks that would innovate, 
 And every moment change your form of 
 
 state. Sylvester, The Captaines, 1194. 
 
 So madly do these frantics spend their 
 time and strengths by doing and undoing, 
 tying hard knots and untying them. Adams, 
 i. 275. 
 
 [The hypocrite] is a frantic too, for he 
 incurs the world's displeasure in making a 
 shew of godliness, God's double displeasure 
 in making but a shew. Ibid. i. 280. 
 
 FKANTIC, to act like a madman. 
 The Arctic needle that doth guide 
 The wand'ring shade by his magnetic pow'r, 
 And leaves his silken gnomon to decide 
 
 The question of the controverted hour. 
 First frantics up and down from side to side. 
 Quarles, Emblems, v. 4. 
 
 FRANZY, cross. 
 
 I dare say ye warna franzy, for ye look as 
 if ye'd ne'er been angered i' your life. G. 
 Eliot, Adam ede, ch. x. 
 
 FRAPPING, fretting ; chafing. Cf . 
 Hor. p., I. i. 9. 
 
 The horse ... is sometimes spurred on to 
 battle so long till be draw his guts after him 
 for frappi ng, and at last falls down, and bites 
 the ground instead of grass. Kennefs Eras- 
 mus, Praise of Folly, p. 53. 
 
 FRATCH, a quarrel. 
 
 I ha' never had no fratch afore sin ever I 
 were born wi' any o' my like ; Gonnows I 
 ha' none now that's o' my makin'. Dickens, 
 Hard Times, ch. xx. 
 
 FRAUDSMAN, cheat. 
 
 You shall not easily discern between ... a 
 tradesman and afraudsman. Adams, ii. 240. 
 
 FRAY, a rubbing, so as to make bare 
 or shabby : the verb is common. 
 "Tis like a lawnie firmament, as yet 
 Quite dispossest of either fray or fret. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 86. 
 
 FREAKING, eccentric ; fantastic. 
 
 Visited Sir J. Minnes, who continues ill, 
 but he told me what a mad freaking fellow 
 Sir Ellis Layton hath been, and is, and once 
 at Antwerp was really mad. Pepys, Jan. 25, 
 1664-65. 
 
 FREAM, to roar, or cry out. H. gives 
 " Freaming, the noise made by the 
 boar at rntting-time." C. FROAM. It 
 is possible that Stanyhurst formed the 
 word from the Latin fremere, and that 
 in the extracts it means to rage. The 
 
 person referred to in the first quotation 
 is Laocoon in the folds of the serpent. 
 
 Hee freams, and skrawling to the skye 
 brays terribil hoyseth. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 
 234. 
 
 Hudge fluds lowdlye f reaming from moun- 
 tayns loftye be trowlling. Ibid., Jfcn., iv. 
 169. 
 
 FRECHON, freckles. 
 
 Wrinkles, pimples, redde streekes, f reck- 
 ons, haires, warts, neves, inequalities. Bur- 
 ton, Anatomy, p. 558. 
 
 FRECKLY, freckled. 
 Thus on tobacco does he hourly feed, 
 And plumps his freckly cheeks with stinking 
 
 weed. T. Brown, Works, i. 117. 
 
 FREDERIZE, to take the part of the 
 Emperor Frederick. 
 
 But upon the Pope's . . . dispising the 
 king's message (who, he said, began to 
 Frederize), it was absolutely here ordayned, 
 vnder great penalty, that no contribution of 
 money should be given to the Pope by any 
 subject of England. Daniel, Hist, of Eny., 
 p. 138. 
 
 FREE-BOOT, robbery. 
 
 Julius Tutor, who robbed his fellow- 
 theeves, for he pillaged the Cilicians, that 
 lived themselves upon free boote. Stapylton, 
 Juvenal, viii. 124, note. 
 
 FREEDSTOOL, a stool or chair placed 
 near the altar to which offenders fled 
 for sanctuary. See H. The Freed- 
 Stool of Beverley is described in Defoe 's 
 Tour thro' G. Brit., iii. 189. 
 
 Athelstan his son succeeded King Edward> 
 being much devoted to St. John of Beverley, 
 on whose church he bestowed a f reed-stool 
 with large priviledges belonging thereunto. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. v. 9. 
 
 FREMESCENT, raging. Cf. FREAM. 
 Carlyle has the noun also,fremescence, 
 in the fourth chapter of the same book, 
 but this is given in Latham. 
 
 Thuriot shows himself from some pin- 
 nacle, to comfort the multitude becoming 
 suspicious, fremescent. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 I. Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 FRENCH LEAVE. A person who dis- 
 appears without leave or notice, or who 
 helps himself to something unasked, is 
 said to take French leave. The expres- 
 sion has been repeatedly canvassed in 
 N. and Q., but nothing quite satisfac- 
 tory arrived at. 
 
 I felt myself extremely awkward about 
 
 going away, not choosing, as it was my 
 
 first visit, to take French leave, and hardly 
 
 knowing how to lead the way alone among 
 
 S 2
 
 FRENETICALLY ( 260 ) 
 
 FR1TILLAR Y 
 
 so many strangers. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 ii. 199. 
 
 You are going to quit me without warning 
 French leave is that British conduct? 
 Lytton, What will he do with it ? Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 FRENETICALLY, madly. 
 
 All mobs are properly frenzies, and work 
 frenetically with mad fits of hot and cold. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 FRENZIE, mad. 
 
 That frenzie merchant that would make 
 and strike up matches of hundreds and 
 thousands with parties absent, as if they 
 were present. Ward, Sermons, p. 54. 
 
 All these sharpers have but & frenzy man's 
 sleep. Ibid. p. 100. 
 
 FREQUENTLY, populously. 
 
 The place became frequently inhabited on 
 every side : as approved both healthfull and 
 delightfull. Sandys, Travels, p. 279. 
 
 FRESH. Fresh as butter, or paint, a 
 punning simile. 
 
 There are the marks cut by the old fellows 
 horse-hoofs, hatchets, initials, &c. as fresh 
 as paint. C. Kingsley, 1864 (Life, ii. 177). 
 
 Brewer says to his driver, " Now is your 
 horse pretty fresh ? " . . . Driver says he's as 
 fresh as butter. Dickens, Mutual Friend, Bk. 
 II. ch. iii. 
 
 FRESH, excited with wine (slang). 
 
 Drinking was not among my vices. I 
 could get "fresh," as we call it, when in 
 good company and excited by wit and mirth ; 
 but I never went to the length of being 
 drunk. Jfarryat, Fr. Mildmay, ch. xiii. 
 
 FRESHISH, rather fresh or new. 
 
 If the mould should look a little freshish, 
 it won't be so much suspected. Richardson, 
 Pamela, i. 174. 
 
 FRETTATION, annoyance ; discom- 
 posure. 
 
 I never knew how much in earnest and in 
 sincerity she was my friend till she heard of 
 my infinite frettation upon occasion of being 
 pamphleted. Mad. D Arblay, Diary, i. 144. 
 
 FRETTISHED, numbed. 
 
 Some other trifles ... I durst not let come 
 abroad in the chill criticall aire, lest hap they 
 mought have been frettisht for want of 
 learning's true cloathing. Optick Glasse of 
 Humors, To the Reader (1639). 
 
 FRETTY, with fret-work. 
 But, Oxford, O I praise thy situation, 
 Passing Pernassus, Muses' habitation ! 
 Thy bough-deckt dainty walkes, with brooks 
 
 beset, 
 
 Fretty, like Christall knots, in mould of jet. 
 Davies, Sonnet to Oxford Univ. 
 
 FBIARY, the institution of friars ; it 
 
 commonly means the house in which 
 friars live. Cf. the same author's use 
 of NUNNERY. 
 
 When John Milverton his successour began 
 (in favour of Friery) furiously to engage 
 against bishops and the secular clergy, the 
 Carmelites' good masters and dames began 
 to forsake them. Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 272. 
 
 FRIDAY- FACED, mortified ; melancholy- 
 looking. 
 
 Marry, out upon him ! what &.friday-fac'd 
 slave it is! I think in my conscience his 
 face never keeps holiday. Wily ec/uiled 
 (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., iii. 356). 
 
 FRIDGE, to fray or fret. L. has it 
 as meaning to move quickly. There 
 seem to have been two words ; one 
 fridge from A. S. frican to dance ; the 
 other frig, from Latin fricare, Italian 
 fregare to rub. Fridge is still used in 
 Lincolnshire : " he has fridged his 
 clothes ; " " this collar fridges my 
 neck." 
 
 All pretended that their jerkins were made 
 after this fashion ; you might have rumpled 
 and crumpled, and doubled and creased, and 
 fretted and fridged the outside of them all 
 to pieces. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, ii. 116. 
 
 FRIGGLING, wriggling ; rubbing to 
 and fro. 
 
 How was the head of the beast cut off at 
 the first in this nation ? Is it harder for us 
 to cut off ihefriyyling tail of that hydra of 
 Rome ? Ward, Sermons, p. 173. 
 
 FRIGOT, (?) Erasmus has been speak- 
 ing of a contented cuckold. 
 
 And indeed it is much better to be such 
 a hen-pecked fnoot (sic errare), than always 
 to be racked and tortured with the grating 
 surmises of suspicion and jealousy, Ktn- 
 net's Erasm., Praise of Folly, p. 28. 
 
 FRIMBED, strange ; usually written 
 fremd, q. v. in H. 
 But of a stranger mutual help doth take : 
 As perjur'd cowards in adversitie 
 With sight of fear from friends to frimb'd 
 
 do flic. Sidney, Arcadia, -p. 88. 
 
 FRISKIN, a gay frisky person. 
 Sir Q. I gave thee this chain, manly Tucca. 
 Tuc. Ay, say'st thou so,friskin ? 
 Dekker, Satiromastix 
 
 (Hawkins Eng. Dr., iii. 138). 
 
 FRITILLARY, a species of butterfly ; 
 it also is the name of a plant. See 
 quotation s. v. LADY'S SLIPPER : the 
 name in both cases comes from the 
 marking on the plant or insect being 
 like those on the boards for chess,
 
 FRIVALL 
 
 ( 261 ) 
 
 FRUBBER 
 
 backgammon, &c. (fritillus, a dice- 
 box). 
 
 The white admirals and silver-washed 
 f ritillaries flit round every bramble-bed. C. 
 Kinysley, Two Fears Ago, ch. xxiii. 
 
 FRIVALL, shortened form of frivolous. 
 Cf. SCURRIL, SCURRILOUS, FUTILE, 
 FUTILOUS. 
 'Sfoote, hee's not ashamde besides to charge 
 
 mee 
 
 With a late promise ; I must yeeld indeed. 
 I did (to shift him with some contentment) 
 Make such &frivall promise. 
 
 Chapman, All Fooles, II. i. 
 
 FRIXE, frisky. 
 
 Fain would she seem all frixe and frolic 
 still. Hall, Sat. VI. i. 294. 
 
 FRIZ, hair curled or roughed up ; 
 usually a verb. 
 
 Before the curls are well confin'd, 
 The tails fall gracefully behind ; 
 While a full wilderness of friz 
 Became the lawyers cunning phiz. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour, II. c. 2. 
 
 FRIZADO, to border irregularly. 
 While on a day by a clear brook they trauell, 
 Whose gurgling streams frizadoed on the 
 
 gravell, 
 He thus bespake. 
 
 Sylvester, The Handy-Crafts, 591. 
 
 FRIZURE, hair-dressing. 
 
 His hair was of a dark brown, and though 
 it had not received the fashionable frizure, 
 it was grown thick enough to shade his face, 
 and long enough to curl. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 FRIZZY, rough. 
 
 Mr. Lush's prominent eyes, fat though 
 not clumsy figure, and strong black grey- 
 besprinkled hair of frizzy thickness . . . 
 created one of the strongest of her anti- 
 pathies. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xi. 
 
 FROAM, to growl, or grunt ; fream, 
 q. v., is according to H. the proper verb 
 to use of the noise made by a boar at 
 rutting-time. The extract refers to a 
 boar who had once been a man. 
 
 He did in a manner grind his razers and 
 tusks, and extreamly/roaOT at his own coun- 
 trymen, taxing them of divers vices. Howell, 
 Parly of Beasts, p. 113. 
 
 FROG, part of a horse's foot. 
 
 His hoofs black, solid, and shining ; his 
 instep high, his quarters round, the heel 
 broad, ike frog thin and small, the sole thin 
 and concave. Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxliii. 
 
 FROG-CLOCK, frog-hopper (?) of the 
 tribe Cicadiadce. 
 
 The flood washing down worms, flies' 
 frog-clocks, &c. Lauson, Comments on Secrets 
 of Angling, 1653 (Eng. Garner, i. 196). 
 
 FROGLING, little frog, tadpole. 
 
 He does not fail the gnats of the air, the 
 wormlings of the earth, nor the froglings of 
 the water. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. 
 III. ch. iv. 
 
 FROLIC, a plaything or ornament. 
 Cf . TOY. 
 
 The name [Eimmon] signifieth a pome- 
 granate, as one will have it, who thereupon 
 concludes it to be Venus, because apples 
 were dedicated unto her, and her image 
 commonly made with such fruit as a frolick 
 in her hand. Fuller, Pisyah Sight, IV. vii. 
 40. 
 
 FROLICKY, merry, frolicking. 
 
 There is nothing striking in any of these 
 characters, yet may we, at a pinch, make a 
 good frolicky half-day with them. Rich- 
 ardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 348. 
 
 FRONDENT, leafy. See quotation 
 *. v. PARASOL. 
 
 Near before us is Versailles, New and 
 Old ; with that broad, frondent Avenue de 
 Versailles between, stately frondent, 
 broad, three hundred feet as men reckon, 
 with its four rows of elms. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. vi. 
 
 FROST, to rough a horse's shoes in 
 frosty weather by turning up the end. 
 Smollett (France and Italy, Letter 38) 
 speaks of his mules being frost-shod. 
 
 Up before day to dress myself to go toward 
 Erith, which I would do by land, it being a 
 horrible cold frost to go by water ; so bor- 
 rowed two horses of Mr. Howell and his 
 friend, and with much ado set out, after my 
 horses being frosted, which I know not what 
 it means to this day. Pepys, Nov. 26, 1665. 
 
 FROYTER, fratry or refectory of a 
 monastery. H., s. v.f rater-house, says, 
 that it is " spelt froyter in Bale's Kynge 
 Johan, p. 27." Another instance is 
 subjoined. 
 
 Concern ynge the fare of their froyter 
 I did tell the afore partly. 
 
 Roy and arlow, Rede me and 
 be nott wroth, p. 83. 
 
 FRUBBER, a rubber. In the annexed 
 quotation it is a term of reproach ad- 
 dressed to a waiting-woman, whom the 
 speaker suspects of aiding his sister- 
 in-law in an intrigue. It is perhaps 
 applied to an unprincipled attendant in 
 the same way that a flatterer was some- 
 times called a stroker or a claivback.
 
 FRUCTIFIABLE ( 262 ) FULIGINOSITY 
 
 Well said, f rubber, was there no souldier 
 here lately V Chapman, Widdow's Teares, 
 v. ii. 
 
 FRUCTIFIABLE, capable of bearing 
 fruit. 
 
 Say the fig-tree does not bear so soon as it 
 is planted . . . but now it is grown fructi- 
 Jiable. Adams, ii. 178. 
 
 FRUCTUAL, fruitful. 
 
 It is fructual ; let it be so in operation. 
 It gives us the fruit of life ; let us return it 
 the fruits of obedience. A dams, i. 362. 
 
 FRUITEN, to make fruitful. 
 Thou usest the influence of heaven to 
 fruiten the earth. Bp. Hall, Works, ii. 606. 
 
 FRDMPERY, reproach ; abuse. 
 Tyndarus attempting too kiss a fayre lasse 
 
 with a long nose 
 Would needs bee finish, with bitter frumperye 
 
 taunting. Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 145. 
 
 That which he doeth is only to conskite, 
 spoil, and defile all, which is the cause where- 
 fore he hath of men mocks, frumperies and 
 bastonadoes. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. 
 ch. xl. 
 
 FRUMPISH, cross. 
 
 Methought she looked very frumpish and 
 jealous. Foote, The Author, Act II. 
 
 FRUNDLE, two pecks. 
 
 A frundle of lyme. Leverton Chwardens 
 Accts. 1557 (Archasol. xli. 362). 
 
 FRUSHE. " Friishe and leauings " is 
 the rendering of one word in the origi- 
 nal (reliquiae). H. gives frush as a N. 
 country word for wood that is apt to 
 break or splinter ; so it seems here to 
 be used contemptuously for something 
 rotten or refuse. The wandering Tro- 
 jans are spoken of as 
 
 Al the frushe and leauings of Greeke, of 
 wrathful Achilles. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 39. 
 
 FRUST, a section or portion, though 
 in the subjoined it seems to adhere 
 more closely to the meaning of the 
 Latin, and to signify a crumb. 
 
 There is a soft aera in every gentle mortal's 
 life when such a story affords more pabulum 
 than all the f rusts, and crusts, and rusts of 
 antiquity, which travellers can cook up for 
 it. Trist. Shandy, V. 150. 
 
 FRUSTRE, to frustrate. Cf. ILLUSTRE. 
 
 Haue these that yet doo craul 
 Vpon all fowre, and cannot stand at all, 
 Withstood your fury, and repulst your powrs, 
 Frustred your rams, fiered your flying towrs ? 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 1127. 
 
 FRUZ-TOWER, a high frizzed head- 
 dress. 
 
 The father bought a powder-horn, and an 
 almanac, and a comb-case ; the mother a 
 great fruz-tower, and a fat amber necklace. 
 Congreve, Old Bachelor, iv. 8. 
 
 Fuc AGO, perhaps a misprint for 
 farrago. 
 
 He that would see more, it is his best 
 course to confer with their council, and look 
 over the large impertinencies of litigious 
 courts, than to expect them in this piece, 
 whose small bulk . . . when stuffed with 
 their fucagoes of tautologies, would be swelled 
 beyond its intended growth. The Unhappy 
 Marksman, 1659 (Harl. Misc., iv. 4). 
 
 FUDDLE, drink. 
 
 Don't go away ; they have had their dose 
 of fuddle (jam perpotarunt). Bailey's Eras- 
 mus, p. 125. 
 
 FUDDLE-CAP, a drunkard or boon 
 companion. 
 
 Having overnight carry'd my Indian friend 
 to the Tavern. ... I introduc'd his pagan 
 worship into a Christian society of true 
 protestant fuddle-caps. T. Brown, Works, 
 iii. 93. 
 
 FUDGE IN, to thrust in. See H., who 
 has it as a Suffolk word = to poke with 
 a stick, and cites an instance of fudge 
 up used metaphorically. 
 
 Now let us see your supposes . . . That 
 last suppose is fudged in, why would you 
 cram these upon me for a couple? Foote, 
 The Bankrupt, iii. 2. 
 
 FUELLAGE. H. gives fuel as a Here- 
 fordshire word for garden-stuff, and 
 this seems to be the meaning of fuel- 
 
 There is not an hearbe throughout the 
 garden that taketh vp greater compasse with 
 f milage than doth the beet. Holland, Pliny, 
 
 FUGLE, to act as guide or director. 
 See L., s. v. fugleman. 
 
 He has scaffolding set up, has posts driven 
 in ; wooden arms with elbow joints are jerk- 
 ing and fugling in the air, in the most rapid 
 mysterious manner. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 III. Bk. V. ch. vii. 
 
 FULGUROUS, flashing like lightning. 
 
 He heard him talk one day in nightgown 
 and slippers for the space of two hours con- 
 cerning earth, sea, and air, with a fulgurous 
 impetuosity almost beyond human. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iii. 194. 
 
 FULIGINOSITY, smokiness ; the allu- 
 sion in the quotation is to smouldering 
 passions. 
 
 In the old Marquis there dwells withal a 
 crabbedness, stiff cross - grained humour, a
 
 FULKER 
 
 ( 263 ) 
 
 FUNERALS 
 
 latent fury and fuliyinosity very perverting. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 79. 
 
 FULKER, a pawn-broker. 
 
 Cle, I lay thee my faith and honesty in 
 pawn. 
 
 Du. A pretty pawn; the fulkers will not 
 lend you a farthing upon it. Gascoiyne, 
 Supposes, ii. 3. 
 
 FULL MOUTH, a mouth full of words ; 
 a chatterer. 
 
 "Whosoeuer, Samela, descanted of that 
 loue, tolde you a Canterbury tale ; some 
 propheticall full mouth that, as he were a 
 Cobler's eldest sonne, would by the laste 
 tell where another's shooe wrings. Greene, 
 Menaphon, p. 54. 
 
 FULL MOUTH, eagerly ; in full cry. 
 
 She was coining full mouth upon me with 
 her contract. Farquhar, The Inconstant, 
 Act II. 
 
 FULL MOUTHED, having the mouth 
 full of food, and so festive. L. has 
 the word in its more usual meaning of 
 " loud-sounding." 
 Cheer up, my soul, call home thy sp'rits, 
 
 and bear 
 One bad Good-Friday ; full-mouthed Easter's 
 
 near. Quarles, Emblems, v. 7 (Epigram). 
 
 FULL OUT, quite ; altogether. 
 
 Sacrilege the Apostle ranks with idolatry, 
 as being full out as evil, if not worse than it. 
 Andrewes, ii. 351. 
 
 FULMINANT, fulminating. 
 'Twas then the Devotee his journey trod 
 In darkness and in terror, tow'rd his God, 
 "While the drear Clergy, fulminant in ire, 
 Flash 'd, through his bigot Midnight, threat- 
 
 'ning fire. 
 
 Colman, Vagaries Vindicated, p. 194. 
 
 FULSAMICK, fulsome ; disgusting. 
 
 Oh filthy, Mr. Sneer! he's a nauseous 
 figure, a most fulsamtck fop. Congreve, 
 Double Dealer, iii. 10. 
 
 FUMADO. See extracts. 
 
 Cornish pilchards, otherwise called fu- 
 mados, taken on the shore of Cornewall from 
 July to November. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 165). 
 
 They . . . invent new tricks as sawsages, 
 anchoves, tobacco, caveare, pickled oysters, 
 herrings, fumados, &c., innumerable salt 
 meats to increase their appetite. Bui-ton, 
 Anatomy, p. 74. 
 
 Their [pilchards] numbers are incredible, 
 imploying a power of poor people in polling 
 (that is, beheading), gutting, splitting, pow- 
 dering, and drying them, and then (by the 
 name of Fumadoes) with oyle and a lemon, 
 they are meat for the mightiest Don in 
 Spain. Fuller, Worthies (Cornwall). 
 
 FUME, to flatter. 
 
 Thus by degrees self-cheated of their sound 
 And sober judgement, that he is but man, 
 They demi-deify and fume him so, 
 That in due season he forgets it too. 
 
 Cowper, Winter Morning Walk, 266. 
 
 FUME, the incense of praise. 
 Pardon, great prelate, sith I thus presume 
 To sence perfection with imperfect fume. 
 
 Davies, To worthy persons, p. 52. 
 
 How would our Democritus have been 
 affected to see a wicked caitiffe or foole, a 
 very idiot, a funge, a golden asse, a monster 
 of men to have many good men ... to smo- 
 ther him with fumes and eulogies . . . because 
 he is rich. Burton, Democ. to Reader, p. 34. 
 
 FUME, a passionate person ; one apt 
 to get in a fume. 
 
 The notary's wife was a little fume of a 
 woman, and the notary thought it well to 
 avoid a hurricane by a mild reply. Stei'ne, 
 Sent. Journey, The Fragment. 
 
 FUMIFY, to impregnate with smoke. 
 
 "We had every one ramm'd a full charge of 
 sot-weed into our infernal guns, in order to 
 fumify our immortalities. T. Brown, Works, 
 ii. 190. 
 
 FUMITORY, smoking-room. 
 You . . . sot away your time in Mongo's 
 fumitory among a parcel of old smoak-dry'd 
 cadators. T. Brown, Works, ii. 179. 
 
 FUND. The first three quotations 
 offer examples of two Gallicisms in the 
 use of this word. In the fund = at 
 bottom (aufond) ; on his own fund = 
 on his own account (sur son propre 
 fond). In the fourth extract the sense 
 resembles that in the first, and = main 
 body or aggregate. 
 
 I know madam does fret you a little now 
 and then, that's true ; but in the fund she is 
 the softest, sweetest, gentlest lady breathing. 
 Vanbrugh, Confederacy, Act IV. 
 
 The translating most of the French letters 
 gave me as much trouble as if I had written 
 them out of my own fund. T. Brown, Works, 
 i. 171. 
 
 Your brother Gal. is extremely a favourite 
 with me ; I took to him for his resemblance 
 to you, but am grown to love him upon his 
 ownfund. Walpole to Mann, ii. 260 (1748). 
 
 [The people] are as a perpetual fountain, 
 from whence the three estates arise ; or 
 rather as a sea of waters, in which three 
 exalted waves should claim pre-eminence, 
 which yet shall not be able to depart from 
 their fund, but in relation are dissoluble and 
 resolvable therein. H. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, ii. 38. 
 
 FUNERALS, funeral sermon. In the 
 third extract the word is in the singular
 
 FUNGOID 
 
 ( 264 ) 
 
 FUSS 
 
 "We are almost at the end of books ; these 
 paper-works are now preaching their own 
 funerals. Goad, Preface to Dell's Works. 
 
 In the absence of Dr. Humfreys designed 
 for that service, Mr. Giles Laurence preached 
 his funerals. Fuller, CA. Hist., IX. iii. 2. 
 
 I could learn little from the minister which 
 preached \nsfuneral. Jbid., Worthies, Here- 
 ford (i. 454). 
 
 FUNGOID, fungus-like. 
 
 " The seed of immortality has sprouted 
 within me." " Only & fungoid growth I dare 
 say a crowing disease in the lungs," said 
 Deronda. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, eh. 
 xxx vii. 
 
 FUNK, fright. 
 
 If they find no brandy to get drunk 
 Their souls are in a miserable funk. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 59. 
 Nothing sobers a man so completely as 
 funk. Inyoldsby Legends (Baymarfs Dog). 
 
 FUNKY, frightened. Dickens calls 
 the nervous junior counsel for the 
 defendant in Bardell v. Pickwick, Mr. 
 Phunky. See also quotation s. v. MON- 
 KEY. 
 
 I do feel somewhat funky. Naylor, Rey- 
 nard the Fox, 46. 
 
 FUNNY BONE, that part of the elbow 
 over which the ulnar nerve passes ; 
 any blow on this gives a person a sort 
 of electric shock ; hence the name. 
 They smack and they thwack, 
 Till your funny bones crack, 
 As if you were stretched on the rack. 
 
 Ingoldshy Legends (Bloudie Jacke). 
 His arm was not broken ; he had merely 
 received a blow on that part which anatom- 
 ists call the funny-bone ; a severe blow which 
 sent the pistol spinning into the air, and 
 caused the gentleman to scream with pain. 
 Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. ix. 
 
 FURBERY, cheat. Cf. FOURBERY. 
 
 In the perambulation of Italy young tra- 
 vellers must be cautious, among diuers others 
 to avoyd one kind offurberyor cheat where- 
 unto many are subject. Howell, Instructions 
 for Forraine Travail. 
 
 FURIBUND, raging ; furious. 
 
 The brawny, not yet furibund figure, we 
 say, is Jacques Danton. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. I. Bk. IV. ch. iv. 
 
 Poor Louison Chabray . . . has a garter 
 round her neck, and furibund Amazons at 
 each end. Jbid. Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. vii. 
 
 FURICANO, a jocular corruption of 
 hurricnno. 
 
 They were altogether in a plumpe on 
 Christmasse eve was two yere, when the 
 groat flood was, and there stird up such ter- 
 
 nados and furicanos of tempests. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 164). 
 
 FURIOSO, a violent impetuous man. 
 
 A violent man and a furioso was deaf to 
 all this. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 218. 
 
 You would have thought this one-and- 
 twenty came in a direct line from Hercules, 
 he played the Furioso so lively. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 19. 
 
 FURNISH, equipage ; provision. L. 
 has the noun = sample, with extract 
 from Greene's Groatsworth of Wit. 
 
 Hee sends him a whole Furnish of all 
 vessels for his chamber of cleane gold. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 169. 
 
 FURNISHMENT, supply. Spenser (F. 
 Q., IV. iii. 38) has furniment = furni- 
 ture. In the second extract Hacket has 
 been speaking of many qualifications 
 for the post of Speaker possessed by 
 Sir T. Crew. 
 
 No other thing was thought or talked on, 
 but onely preparations and furnishments for 
 this businesse. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 93. 
 
 Yet with all this furnishment, out of a 
 custom which modesty had observ'd, Sir 
 Thomas deprecated the burthen. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, i. 176. 
 
 FURR, far. 
 As Venus Bird, the white, swift, lovely Dove, 
 
 Doth on her wings her utmost swiftness 
 
 prove, 
 
 Finding the gripe of Falcon fierce not/wrr. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 90. 
 
 FURT, theft. 
 
 Break not the sacred league 
 By raising civil theft ; turn not your furt 
 'Gainst your own bowels. Albumazar, V. i. 
 
 FURTHERSOME, advantageous. 
 
 In enterprises of pith a touch of stratagem 
 often proves furthersome. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. I. Bk. lit ch. vi. 
 
 FUSE, the track of a buck in the grass. 
 
 There wants a scholar like an hound of a 
 sure nose, that would not miss a true scent, 
 nor run upon a false one, to trace those old 
 Bishops in their fuse. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 14. 
 
 FUSILLADE, to shoot with guns or 
 fusils. 
 
 Military execution on the instant : give 
 them shriving if they want it : that done, 
 fusillade them all. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, 
 'Pt. I. ch. xiii. 
 
 Fuss, a term of reproach. Diana is 
 the fuss spoken of.
 
 FUSTY 
 
 ( 265 ) 
 
 GAD-FL Y 
 
 But that great ramping Fuss, thy Daughter, 
 A Mankiud-Trull iuur'd to slaughter, 
 To the soft sex's foul disgrace, 
 Kambles about from place to place. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 233. 
 
 FUSTY, moping. 
 
 At noon home to dinner, where my wife 
 still in a melancholy, fusty humour, and cry- 
 ing, and do not tell me plainly what it is. 
 Pepys, June 18, 1638. 
 
 FUTILITARIAN, one who pursues what 
 is worthless ; a skit on utilitarians. See 
 quotation s. v. GIGMANITY, where the 
 word is an adjective. Cf. CBAZYOLO- 
 
 GIST, FOOLOSOPHER. 
 
 As for tbe whole race of Political Econo- 
 mists, our Malthusites, Benthamites, Utili- 
 tarians, or Futilitarians, they are to the 
 Government of this country such counsellors 
 as the magicians were to Pharaoh. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. xxxv. 
 
 FUTIUZE, to make futile ; to fritter 
 away. 
 
 Her whole soul and essence \nfutilized and 
 extracted into show and superncials. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 218. 
 
 FUTURABLE. See quotation. 
 
 "What the issue of this conference con- 
 cluded would have been, is only known to 
 Him who knew what the men of Keilah 
 would doe, and whose prescience extends not 
 only to things future, but futurahle, having 
 the certain cognizance of contingents which 
 might, yet never actually shall, come to passe. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. iii. 51. 
 
 FUZD, fuddled ; probably an abbrevi- 
 ation of fuzzled. 
 
 The University troop dined with the E. of 
 Ab. at Eicot, and came home well fuzd. 
 Life of A. Wood, July 14, 1685. 
 
 GAB. Gift of the gab = power of 
 talking. 
 
 I always knew you had the gift of the gab 
 of course, but I never believed you were half 
 the man you are. Dickens, Martin Chuzzle- 
 viit, ch. xxvii. 
 
 GABBLEMENT, chattering. 
 
 They rush to the attack thousands strong, 
 with brandished cutlasses and fusils, with 
 caperings, shoutings, and vociferation, which, 
 if the Volunteer Company stands firm, dwin- 
 dle into staggeriugs, into quick gabblement, 
 into panic flight at the first volley, perhaps 
 before it.Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 GABELLEMAN, a tax-collector. 
 
 He flung gabellemen and excisemen into 
 the river Durance (though otherwise a most 
 dignified, methodic man) when their claims 
 were not clear. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 76. 
 
 GABERT, "a kind of lighter used in 
 the river Clyde, probably from the 
 French gabare" (Note by Scott on 
 second extract.) The first quotation is 
 from the Buckinghamshire Herald, 
 June 1, 1793, and is cited by Cowper 
 in a note to his poem, The Birds Nest. 
 
 Glasgow, May 23. In a block or pulley 
 near the head of the mast of a yabert, now 
 lying at the Broomielaw, there is a chaffinch's 
 nest and four eggs. 
 
 I swung and bobbit yonder as safe as a 
 gabbart that's moored by a three-plie cable 
 at the Broomielaw. Scott, Rob Roy, ii. 219. 
 
 GABY, a fool. 
 
 Now don't stand laughing there like a 
 great gaby, but come and shake hands. H. 
 Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. ix. 
 
 GAD. Shakespeare (Lear, I. ii.) has 
 "upon the gad" = upon the sudden. 
 In the extract it means restless, going 
 about. 
 
 I have no very good opinion of Mrs. 
 Charles's nursery - maid. I hear strange 
 stories of her ; she is always upon the gad. 
 Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. vi. 
 
 GADABOUT, a rambler; also as an 
 adjective. 
 
 Mr. Binnie woke up briskly when the 
 Colonel entered. " It is you, you gadabout, 
 is it?" cried the civilian. Thackeray, New- 
 comes, ch. viii. 
 
 "Why should I after all abuse the gadabout 
 propensities of my countrymen? Hughes, 
 Tom Brown's School-Days, ch. i. 
 
 GADBEE, gadfly. 
 
 You see an ass with a brizze or a gadbee 
 under his tail, or fly that stings him, run 
 hither and thither without keeping any path 
 or way. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xliv. 
 
 GAD-FLY, one who is constantly going 
 about ; a seeker after gaiety. 
 
 Your Harriet may turn gad-fly, and never 
 be easy but when she is forming parties. 
 Richardson, Grandison, i. 135. 
 
 You have a few good qualities ; are not a
 
 GAG 
 
 ( 266 ) 
 
 GALL1WASP 
 
 modern woman ; have neither wings to your 
 shoulders, nor gad-fly in your cap. Ibid. v. 
 83. 
 
 GAG. In theatrical slang an actor is 
 said to gag when he says more than is 
 set down for him in his part. 
 
 Little Swills in what are professionally 
 known as " patter " allusions to the subject 
 is received with loud applause ; and the same 
 vocalist " gays" in the regular business like 
 a man inspired. Dickens, Bleak House, ch. 
 xxx ix. 
 
 GAG, usually applied to that which 
 keeps the mouth open : here to the eye. 
 
 The eyelid is set open with the gags of 
 lust and envy. Adams, i. 73. 
 
 GAGE, cant term for a quart pot. See 
 H. 
 
 I bowse no lage, but a whole gage 
 Of this I bowse to you. 
 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 GAINISH, volatile (?). Gain = quick : 
 
 usually in a good sense. 
 
 This orator is not like others of his rank, 
 
 "Who from their gainish and fantastick 
 humours 
 
 Go through the streets, spotted with pea- 
 cocks' plumes, 
 
 "Wearing all colours, laces, broideries. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act V. 
 
 GAINSAY, contradiction. 
 
 He . . was the umpire in all disputes, 
 setting his hat on one side, and giving his 
 decisions with an air and tone admitting of 
 no gainsay or appeal. Irving, Sketch Book 
 (Sleepy Hollow). 
 
 GAINSOME, well-favoured or fascinat- 
 ing ; opposite of ungainly. 
 
 Thou whom oft I have seen 
 To personate a gentleman, noble, wise, 
 Faithful, and gainsome, and what virtues else 
 The poet pleases to adorn you with. 
 
 JUassinger, Roman Actor, iv. 2. 
 
 GALACTITE, a fossil substance which, 
 when immersed in water, makes it the 
 colour of milk. 
 
 And as base morter serveth to unite 
 Red, white, gray marble, jasper, galactite : 
 So, to connex my queint discourse, sometimes 
 I mix loose, limping, and ill-polisht rimes. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 51. 
 
 GALENITE, a physician, or disciple of 
 Galen. 
 
 Not much unlike a skilfull Galenite, 
 Who (when the crisis comes) dares even 
 
 fortell 
 Whether the patient shall do ill or well. 
 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 793. 
 
 GALIMATIAS. L. defines this "non- 
 sense, talk without meaning;" and 
 
 such is the signification of the word in 
 French, but it is sometimes used for 
 mixture or hodge-podge, as in the sub- 
 joined. 
 
 Lady Mary Wortley is arrived. . . . Her 
 dress, like her languages, is a galimatias of 
 several countries ; the groundwork rags, and 
 the embroidery nastiness. Walpole, Letters, 
 ii. 332 (1762). 
 
 GALLEGALAGHES, GALLOGLAGHES, 
 Gallowglasses (q. v. in N.), heavy- 
 armed Irish foot-soldiers. 
 
 Item, on the second day before the Ides 
 of November, the Lord Richard Clare slew 
 flue hundred of Gallegalaqhes. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 167. 
 
 Also in the same yeere Fennynghir 
 O'Coughir slew Cale-Rotte, and with him of 
 Galloglaghes and others about three hundred. 
 Ibid. p. 172. 
 
 GALLERIAN, galley slave (Fr. gale- 
 rieri). 
 
 The prerogative of a private centinel above 
 a slave lies only in the name, and the ad- 
 vantage, if any, stands for the yallerian. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 183. 
 
 GALLICISED. Frenchified, which latter 
 is an old word, and is used by Beau- 
 mont and Fletcher. 
 
 Being, since my travels, very much gal- 
 licised in my character, I ordered a pint of 
 claret. Sydney Smith, Letters, 1835. 
 
 GALLIPOT, a contemptuous name for 
 an apothecary. Cf . CLYSTERPIPE. 
 
 " One may ask one's medical man to one's 
 table certainly ; but his family, my dear Mr. 
 Snob ! " " Half a dozen little gallipots," inter- 
 posed Miss Wirt, the governess. Thackeray, 
 Book of Snobs, ch. xxvii. 
 
 " It's "Vidler the apothecary ! By heavens, 
 Lady Ann, I told you it would be so. Why 
 didn't you ask the Miss Vidlers to your 
 ball ?"...." Barnes scratched their names," 
 cried Ethel, " out of the list, mamma. You 
 know you did, Barnes ; you said you had 
 gallipots enough." Ibid., Neiccomes, ch. xiv. 
 
 GALLIVANT, to roam about pleasure- 
 seeking. 
 
 You were out all day yesterday, and galli- 
 vanting somewhere, I know. Dickens, Nich. 
 Nickleby, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 While we find God's signet 
 
 Fresh on English ground, 
 Why go gallivanting 
 
 With the nations round ? 
 
 C. Kingsley (Life, ii. 24). 
 
 GALLIWASP, Celestus occidmis, a 
 poisonous reptile of the W. Indies. 
 
 Then all, sitting on the sandy turf, defiant 
 of galliwatjis and jack-span iards, and all the
 
 GALLOWS 
 
 ( 267 ) 
 
 GAME 
 
 weapons of the insect host, partook of the 
 equal banquet. C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 GALLOWS, braces. H. has gallaces as 
 a Yorkshire word. 
 
 The Reverend John Bowie, Vicar of Id- 
 miston, "Wiltshire, was a thick-set man in gar- 
 ments which, though originally black, had 
 been tanned by many a summer's sun into a 
 russet brown ; his underclothes were unsup- 
 ported by those indispensable articles of 
 decent attire denominated gallows, and his 
 wig was a counterpart of Dr. Parr's. 
 Warner's Literary Recollections, i. 100. 
 
 GALLOWS, very. 
 
 The pleece come in, and got gallers well 
 kicked about the head. H. Kinysley, Ravens- 
 hoe, ch. xli. 
 
 GALLOWS-BIRD, a criminal ; one who 
 has suffered on the gallows, or deserves 
 to do so. 
 
 It is ill to check sleep or sweat in a sick 
 man, said he ; I know that far, though I 
 ns'er minced ape nor gallows-bird. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxviii. 
 
 GALLOWS - FACED, rascally - looking. 
 So Goldsmith (Good-natured Man, Act 
 V.), " Hold him fast, he has the gallows 
 in his face." Cf. gallows-looking in 
 extract from Ingoldsby Legends, s. v. 
 CARPET-SWAB. Irving in the Sketch 
 Book describes Rip van Winkle's dog 
 as sneaking about " with a gallows air," 
 i. e. a hang-dog air. 
 
 Art thou there, thou rogue, thou hang- 
 dog, thou gallows-faced vagabond ? H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 16. 
 
 GALLOWSNESS, badness. 
 
 Spinning indeed ! It isn't spinning as you'd 
 be at, I'll be bound, and let you have your 
 own way ; I never knew your equals for 
 gallowsness. G. Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. vi. 
 
 GALLOWS-RIPE, ready for hanging. 
 
 Jourdan himself remains unhanged ; gets 
 loose again as one not yet gallows-ripe. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 GALLOWS-STRINGS, a term of reproach. 
 Cf. CRACK-ROPE, HANG-STRING. 
 
 Ay, hang him, little Gallows-strings, 
 He does a thousand of these things. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 214. 
 
 GALLY, to frighten or bewilder. See 
 N. s. v. gallow. 
 
 The next day being Sunday, call'd by the 
 natives of this country [Devonshire] Maze- 
 Sunday (and indeed not without some rea- 
 son, for the people looked as if they were 
 gallied), I was wak'd by the tremendous sound 
 of a horse-trumpet. T. Brown, Works,iii.205. 
 
 GALOONED, trimmed with galoon lace. 
 
 Those enormous habiliments . . were not 
 only slashed and galooned, but artificially 
 swollen-out on the broader parts of the body 
 by introduction of bran. Carlyle, Sartor 
 Resartus, Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 GALOPIN, a street boy. Scott has 
 not marked the word as a foreign one, 
 (i. e. it is not in italics), though it is of 
 course French. 
 
 " He gave me half-a-crown yince, and for- 
 bade me to play it awa' at pitch and toss." 
 " And you disobeyed him, of course ? " " Na, 
 I didna disobeyed him : I played it awa' at 
 neevie-neevie-nick-nack." " "Well, there is 
 sixpence for thee ; lose it to the devil in any 
 way thou think'st proper." So saying he 
 gave the little ualopin his donation. Scott, 
 St. Ronan's Well, ii. 197. 
 
 GALRAVERGING, wandering about ; 
 gallivanting. 
 
 The elderly women . . . had their plays in 
 out-houses and by-places, just as the witches 
 lang syne had their sinful possets and galra- 
 vitchings. Gait, Annals of Parish, ch. ii. 
 
 She thinks as because she's gone yalra- 
 verging, I maun ha' missed her, and be 
 ailing. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. vi. 
 
 GALY HALFPENNY. Venetian mer- 
 chants who traded to England in their 
 gallies brought their own money, called 
 galley-halfpence, to trade with, to the 
 injury of our countrymen. They were 
 repeatedly forbidden by our sove- 
 reigns, Hen. IV., V., VI., and VIII. ; 
 and the holders of them were required to 
 send them to the Tower, to be changed 
 into English money. See N. and Q., 
 IV. ii. 344, 501, whence the first quot- 
 ation is taken. 
 
 1521-22. Resaved for ij vnces of galy- 
 halfepenys sold this yere vi iiij d . Church- 
 wardens' Account-Book. 
 
 He himself hath thousands lying by him 
 in store unoccupied, and will neither help 
 his poor neighbour, nor scarcely give a galy 
 halfpenny to a needy creature in extreme 
 necessity. Barlow's Dialoge, 1553 (Matt- 
 land's Ref., p. 307). 
 
 GAMBALOCKE. The word is explained 
 in the margin as " a kind of riding 
 gowne." 
 
 Clothed he [an Arab sheik] was in a 
 Gambalocke of scarlet ; buttened vnder the 
 chin with a bosse of gold. Sandys, Travels, 
 p. 153. 
 
 GAME, of good courage ; game for = 
 up to, ready for. 
 
 Hold up your head, and show 'em your 
 face ; I an't jealous, but I'm blessed if I an't 
 game. Sketches by Boz (Prisoners' Van).
 
 GAME 
 
 ( '68) 
 
 GANNYNG 
 
 If you dcm't stop your jaw about him, 
 you'll have to fight me ; and that's a little 
 more than you're game for, I'm thinking. 
 H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xrvi. 
 
 GAME, lame or crooked : a corruption 
 of cam or Team. 
 
 It was converted into an inn, and marked 
 by a huge sign representing on the one side 
 St. Ronan catching hold of the devil's game 
 leg with his episcopal crook, as the story 
 may be read in his veracious legend, and on 
 the other the Mowbray Arms. Scott, St. 
 Jionan's Well, i. 11. 
 
 The chair, which Bacon was requested to 
 take on entering, broke down with the pub- 
 lisher. Warrington burst out laughing, said 
 that Bacon had got the game chair, and 
 bawled out to Pen to fetch a sound one from 
 his bedroom. Thackeray, Pendennis, ch. xli. 
 
 GAMEFULL, adj. = full of game. 
 
 Thy long discourse 
 
 Of game/till parks, of meadowes fresh, ay- 
 spring-like pleasant fields. 
 
 Holland's Camden, p. 290. 
 
 GAMENESS, pluck ; spirit. 
 
 Whatever else you might think of Blake, 
 there was no doubt about his gameness. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxiv. 
 
 GAMESTER. See extract. The Vale 
 referred to is the Vale of White Horse. 
 
 I must tell you, as shortly as I can, how 
 the noble old game of back-sword is played ; 
 for it is sadly gone out of late, even in the 
 Vale, and may be you have never seen it. 
 The weapon is a good stout ash-stick with a 
 large basket-handle, heavier and somewhat 
 shorter than a common single-stick. The 
 players are called " old gamesters " why, I 
 can't tell you and their object is simply to 
 break one another's heads : for the moment 
 that blood runs an inch anywhere above the 
 eyebrow, the old gamester to whom it belongs 
 is beaten, and has to stop. Hughes, Tom 
 Brown's School-Days, ch. ii. 
 
 GAMESTRESS, female gambler. 
 
 To two characters, hitherto thought the 
 most contradictory, the sentimental and the 
 flirting, she writes yet a third, till now be- 
 lieved incompatible with the pleasures and 
 pursuits of either ; this, I need not tell you, 
 is that of &gamestress. Mad. IFArblay, 
 Camilla, Bk. X. ch. v. 
 
 GAMEY, brave (slang). 
 
 " You'll be shot, I see," observed Mercy. 
 " Well," cried Mr. Bailey, " wot if lam ; there's 
 something gamey in it, young ladies, ain't 
 there?" Dickens, Martin Chuzzleicit, ch. xi. 
 
 GAMMON, to wheedle with flattery ; to 
 deceive ; also as a substantive. 
 So then they pours him out a glass of wine, 
 
 and gammons him about his driving, and gets 
 him into a reg'lar good humour. Dickens, 
 Pickwick Papers, ch. xiii. 
 
 Lord bless their little hearts, they thinks 
 it's all right, and don't know no better, but 
 they're the wictims o' gammon, Samivel, 
 they're the wictims o' gammon. Ibid. ch. 
 xxvii. 
 
 In short the Pedler so beset her, 
 Lord Bacon couldn't have gammoned her 
 
 better. Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 GAMMER, a gambler. 
 
 Thoughe these verses be very ernestlie 
 wrytten, yet they do not halfe .so grisely 
 sette out the horyblenes of blasphemy which 
 suche gamners vse, as it is indede, and as I 
 have hearde my self. Ascham, Toxophilus, 
 p. 56. 
 
 GAMNING, gambling. 
 
 When the nyghte and lurking corners 
 giueth lesse occasion to vnthriftinesse than 
 lyghte daye and opennes, then shal shotynge 
 and such gamninge be in summe comparison 
 lyke. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 53. 
 
 Finding his conscience deepelye gauld 
 with thee owtragious oathes hee vsed too 
 thunder owt in gamening, hee made a few 
 verses as yt were his cygnea oratio. Stany- 
 hurst, Epitaphes, p. 153. 
 
 GAN, cant term for a mouth. 
 This bowse is better than rom-bowse, 
 It sets the gan a giggling. 
 
 Broome, A Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 GANDER, to ramble, gad. 
 
 Then she had remembered the message 
 about any one calling being shown up to 
 the drawing-room, and had gandered down 
 to the hall to give it to the porter; after 
 which she gandered upstairs to the dressing- 
 room again. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. 
 xlvii. 
 
 Who knows but what Nell might come 
 gandering back in one of her tantrums and 
 spoil everything? /fo'd., Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. x. 
 
 GANDERS' WOOL, feathers. Cf. 
 FEATHER-HEADED. 
 
 Such braiues belined with gander' s-icooll. 
 Breton, PasquiFs Foot 1 s-cappe, p. 23. 
 
 GANGER, foreman of a gang of 
 navvies. 
 
 On Saturday evening a man named Charles 
 Frost, a ganger in the employ of the Midland 
 Railway Company, was run over, about half 
 a mile from the Matlock Bridge Station, by 
 a special fish train from Manchester. Leeds 
 Mercury, May 8th, 1871. 
 
 GANNYNG, giving ? 
 
 Augustus . . after gannyng hym thanks, 
 commaunded a thousaude pieces of money 
 to be geuen him in reward. VdaPs Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 277.
 
 GAOL-BIRD 
 
 GARGANET 
 
 GAOL-BIRD, a criminal. L. lias jail- 
 bird, but with quotation from no earlier 
 source than T. Moore. Jail-bird occurs 
 in Davies's Sonnet to Lady Rich, and is 
 used adjectivally, lt a, jail-bird henuenly 
 nightingale." 
 
 It is the piety and the true valour of an 
 army, which gives them heart and victory ; 
 which how it can be expected out of ruffians 
 and gaol-birds, I leave to your consideration. 
 Hist, of Edward II., p. 146. 
 
 The poor innocent man had been in danger 
 of being hanged for a traitor to King James, 
 by the perjury of these two gaol-birds. 
 Sprat, Relation of Young's Contrivance, 1692 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 254). 
 
 A battle shall be more successfully fought 
 by serving men, posters, bailiffs, padders, 
 rogues, jail-birds, and such like tag-rags of 
 mankind than by the most accomplished 
 philosophers. Rennet's Erasmus, Praise of 
 Folly, p. 31. 
 
 GAOLERESS, female gaoler. 
 
 My saucy gaoleress assured me that all my 
 oppositions would not signify that pinch of 
 snuff. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, ii. 72. 
 
 GAPES. The gapes = a fit of yawn- 
 ing. 
 
 Another hour of music was to give delight 
 or the gapes, as real or affected taste for it 
 prevailed. Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. xx. 
 
 GAPING STOCK, object of open-mouthed 
 wonder. 
 
 I was to be a gaping stock and a scorn to 
 the young volunteers. Godwin, Mandeville, 
 ii. 40. 
 
 GAPPED, a slang term for getting the 
 worst of it. The second quotation 
 where the word = jagged, illustrates 
 the first. In the third extract it refers 
 to the thinning of the ranks of troops 
 under fire. 
 
 I will never meet at hard-edge with her ; 
 if I did (and yet I have been thought to carry 
 a good one) I should be confoundedly gapped, 
 I can see that (alluding to two knives, I 
 suppose, gapping each other). Richardson, 
 Grandison, i. 120. 
 
 My uncle Toby knew little of the world ; 
 and therefore when he felt he was in love 
 with widow Wadman, he had no conception 
 that the thing was any more to be made a 
 mystery of than if Mrs. Wadman had given 
 him a cut with a gap'd knife. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, vi. 65 
 
 Heady ! take aim at their leader their 
 masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson, 
 Defence of Lucknow. 
 
 GARB, to clothe. 
 
 These black dog-Dons 
 Garb themselves bravely. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, III. i. 
 
 GARBAGE, to gut, or clean (fish, &c.). 
 
 His cooke founde the same ring in the 
 bealy of a fyshe which he garbaiged to 
 dresse for his Lordes diner. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 182. 
 
 The cob had maunged the gobets foule 
 garbaged haulfe quick. Stanyhurst, jEn., 
 iii. 639. 
 
 Pilchards ... are then taken, garbaged, 
 salted, hanged in the smoake. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 180. 
 
 GARCION. See quotation and extract 
 s. v. GROMET. 
 
 It seemeth some of these Anti-Boreals 
 were men of Gentile extraction, especially 
 the two first (styled in the pardon Masters), 
 importing, I believe, more than the bare 
 universitie title ; as also Bartholomew de 
 Walton and William his brother, because 
 waited on by William de Merton, their gar- 
 don, that is, their servant. For it cometh 
 from the French Gargon,or the Italian, Gar- 
 zone, and is used even by the barbarous 
 Grecians of the middle ages, yap^ovviov 
 irapa ACCTM/OIS TO vuioiov. Fuller, Camb. 
 Univ., i. 48. 
 
 GARDENAGE, horticulture, also garden- 
 stuff. R. gives this word s. v. garden, 
 and quotes another passage from Hol- 
 land's Pliny, in which it occurs, but by 
 a misprint gardeninge is given in the 
 extract. 
 
 Since they be grown into so great request, 
 I must not ouer-passe the gardinage to them 
 belonging. Holland, Pliny, xix. 8. 
 
 He [Evelyn] read to me very much also of 
 his discourse he hath been many years and 
 now is about, about Gardenage, which will 
 be a most noble and pleasant piece. Pepys, 
 Nov. 5, 1665. 
 
 The street was also appropriated to the sale 
 of fish and gardenage. Man, Hist, of Reading 
 (1816), p. 147. 
 
 GARDEN-GOUT. See extract. Garden- 
 houses had a bad reputation, and in 
 Peele's Jests garden-whore = a very 
 common prostitute. 
 
 When young men by whoring, as it com- 
 monly falls out, get the pox, which, by way 
 of extenuation, they call the common garden- 
 gout (JYeapolitanam scabiem) ... do they not 
 epicurize gloriously ? Bailey's Erasmus, p. 
 405. 
 
 GARDENHOOD, the idea or aspect of a 
 garden. 
 
 Except some thousand more lamps and a 
 covered passage all round the garden which 
 took off from the gardenhood, there was 
 nothing better than on a common night. 
 Walpole, Letters, iii. 279 (1769). 
 
 GARGANET, jewelled collar; usually 
 written carcanet.
 
 GARGARISM 
 
 ( 
 
 Thee Pearle and gould crowns too bring 
 with yaryanet heauye. Stanyhurst, ^Eu., 
 i. 639. 
 
 GARGARISM, a gargle. In the extract 
 (which see more at length s. v. BUR) 
 it is used figuratively for something 
 that sticks in the throat. 
 
 They . . . cracked their voices for ever with 
 metaphysical yaryarisms. Milton, Reason of 
 Ch. Government, Conclusion. 
 
 GARGET, a swelling in the throat 
 (Fr. gargate, the windpipe) ; yet this 
 does not seem to be the meaning in the 
 two last extracts. 
 
 The drunkard is without a head, the 
 swearer hath a garget in bis throat. Adams, 
 i. 123. 
 
 If it were granted that the covetous were 
 mad, the world itself would run of a garget; 
 for who is not bitten with this mad dog ? 
 Ibid. i. 280. 
 
 The proud man is bitten of the mad dog, 
 the flatterer, and so runs on a garget. Ibid. 
 i. 486. 
 
 GARLANDRY, filleting. 
 
 The lavished yarlandry of woven brown 
 hair amazed me. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. 
 xiv. 
 
 GARNISH- MONEY, commission for 
 trouble taken ; garnish usually = 
 prisoner's fees. 
 
 You are content with the ten thousand pound, 
 Def alking the four hundred garnish-money ? 
 Jonson, Magnetic Lady, v. 6. 
 
 GARSTUN. See extract. 
 
 A small paddock or garstun, called from a 
 former owner of the land, Purbrick's Close. 
 Arch., xxxvii. 140 (1857). 
 
 GARTH, a small enclosure. 
 
 Few people are here buried in their kirks, 
 
 except of their nobility, but in the \Avk-garths. 
 
 Modern Account of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. 
 
 Misc., vi. 138). 
 
 The Cross made in the infant's forehead, 
 
 (All godly Protestants abhor it), 
 
 Is Superstition, so are Crosses 
 
 In JLvck-Garths, and in market-places. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, ch. iii. p. 260. 
 
 Then calling down a blessing on his head, 
 
 Caught at his hand, and wrung it passion- 
 ately, 
 
 And passed into the little garth beyond. 
 
 Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
 
 GASELIER, a pendent lamp lighted by 
 gas. 
 
 As we both entered the drawing-room, we 
 found Bell standing right under the central 
 gaselier, which was pouring its rays down 
 on her wealth of golden-brown hair. Black, 
 Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. iii. 
 
 3 ) GAUDY 
 
 GASHLY, ghastly ; now a vulgarism. 
 
 Their warm and wanton embraces of living 
 bodies ill agreed with their offerings Diis 
 manibus to yashly ghosts. Fuller, Pisgah 
 Sight, IV. vii. 27. 
 
 By all that is hirsute and yashly! I cry, 
 taking off my furr'd cap, and twisting it 
 round my finger, I would not give sixpence 
 for a dozen such. Tr. Shandy, v. 215. 
 
 GASSAMPINE, cotton cloth (?) ; gos- 
 sampine (Cotgrave) and gossampino 
 (Florio) = the cotton plant. 
 And on his altar's fume these Turkey cloths, 
 This gassampine and gold I'll sacrifice. 
 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London,p. 135. 
 
 GASTFULNESS, ghastliness. 
 
 ... A solitarie darkness : which as natur- 
 ally it breeds a kinde of irksome gastfulness, 
 so it was to him a most present terror. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 405. 
 
 GASTROLATER, one whose god is his 
 belly. 
 
 Pantagruel observed two sorts of trouble- 
 some and too officious apparitors, whom he 
 very much detested. The first were called 
 Engastrimythes, the others Gastrolaters. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. Iviii. 
 
 GASTROLATROUS, belly- worshipping. 
 
 The variety we perceived in the dresses of 
 the yastrolatrous coquillons was not less. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. Iviii. 
 
 GATE, to confine to college, i. e. within 
 the gates : a penalty sometimes inflict- 
 ed at the Universities. 
 
 The dean gave him a book of Virgil to 
 write out, and gated him for a fortnight after 
 hall. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xii. 
 
 GATE, to go. H. says, " the track of 
 an animal was called his gate." 
 
 Three stags sturdye were vnder 
 Neere the seacost gating, theym slot thee 
 
 clusterus heerdflock 
 In greene frith browsing. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 190. 
 
 GATELESS, without a gate or approach ; 
 inaccessible. 
 
 Some say that gold hath power 
 To enter without force a gateless tower. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, V. i. 
 
 GATETRIP, footstep ; mode of walk- 
 ing. 
 Too moothers counsayl thee fyrye Cnpido 
 
 doth harcken, 
 
 Of puts he his feathers, fauoring with gate- 
 trip lulus. Stanyhurst, jEn., i. 675. 
 
 GAUDY, gaiet}'. 
 
 Balls set off with all the glittering gaudy
 
 GAUM 
 
 ( 271 ) 
 
 GEESE 
 
 of silk and silver are far more transporting 
 than country wakes. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 553. 
 
 GAUM, sensible. 
 
 She were a poor friendless wench, a parish 
 prentice, but honest and gaum-\ike, till a lad 
 as nobody knowed come o'er the hills one 
 sheep-shearing fra' "Whitehaven. Mrs. Gas- 
 kell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xv. 
 
 GAUM, to paw about. 
 Don't be mauming and gauming & body so. 
 Can't you keep your filthy hands to your- 
 self ? Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 GAUMLESS, vacant ; half silly : a 
 North country word. Gaum (connect- 
 ed with GUMPTION, q. v.) = to under- 
 stand. A. S. gyman, to perceive. See 
 Robinson's Whitby Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 Did I ever look so stupid : so " gaumless " 
 as Joseph calls it? E. Bronte, Wutheriny 
 Heights, ch. xxi. 
 
 GAUNCH, impalement on a hook ; a 
 Turkish punishment : the verb is in the 
 Diets. 
 
 I swear by our prophet and the God of our 
 prophet, that I would rather suffer the gaunch 
 than put the smallest constraint on your 
 person or inclinations. H. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, ii. 289. 
 
 GAUNT, to make lean. 
 Lyke rauening woolfdams vpsoackt and 
 yaunted in hunter. Stanyhurst, JEn.* ii. 366. 
 
 GAUPUS, a gaby. H. has " gaups, a 
 simpleton. South." 
 
 The great yaupus never seed that I were 
 pipeclaying the same places twice over. 
 Mrs. Gaskell, Ruth, ch. xvi. 
 
 GAUR, a large animal of the ox 
 species. 
 
 The Major ^has stuck many a pig, shot 
 many a yaur, rhinoceros, and elephant. C. 
 Kinysley, Tico Years Ago, ch. xviii. 
 
 GAWISH. H. gives, " Gawish, gay : 
 it occurs in Wright's Display of Dutie, 
 4to, Lond., 1589 ; " but in the subjoined 
 it seems = foolish. 
 
 A gawish traveller that came to Sparta . . . 
 standing in the presence of Lacon a long time 
 upon one leg, that he might be observed 
 and admired, cried at the last, " O Lacon, 
 thou canst not stand so long upon one leg." 
 " True," said Lacon, " but every goose can." 
 Adams, i. 502. 
 
 GAWK, an awkward lounging fellow. 
 
 A certain gawk, named Chevalier de Gas- 
 saud, accustomed to visit in the house at 
 Manosque, sees good to commence a kind of 
 theoretic flirtation with the little brown wife. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 98. 
 
 A Duke of Weissenfels for instance : fool- 
 ish old gawk, whom Wilhelmina Princess 
 Eoyal recollects for his distracted_notions. 
 Ibid. iv. 359. 
 
 GAWKY, is only given as an adjective 
 in the Diets. The extract is quoted in 
 Archceol. xxiv. 188. 
 
 Some wear their hats on, pointed into the 
 air ; those are the Gaickies. London Chron- 
 icle, xi. 167 (1762). 
 
 GAWNE (apparently), to long after 
 or reach after. 
 I take not I, as some do take, 
 
 To gape and gawne for honours hye, 
 But Court and Cayser to forsake, 
 And lyue at home full quyetlye. 
 
 Googe, Sonnette to H. Cobham. 
 
 GAYITRY, finery. 
 
 A bride (though never so mean a person 
 or silly servant) is decked and dressed in all 
 yayitry lent unto her by her neighbours. 
 Fuller, Pisgah Sight, IV. vi. 5. 
 
 GAYS, usually means pictures (see L. 
 and N.), but here = gaiety or showy 
 things generally. Breton has it in the 
 singular. 
 
 And though perhaps most commonly each 
 youth 
 
 Is giuen in deede to follow euery gaye ; 
 And some of these are touched with vntruth, 
 
 Yet some there be that take a better waye. 
 
 Breton, Toyes of an Idle Head, p. 28. 
 
 O how I grieue deer Earth, that (given to 
 
 gays) 
 
 Most of best wits contemn thee now a days : 
 And noblest hearts proudly abandon quight 
 Study of hearbs, and country life's delight." 
 Sylvester, 3rd day, 1st weeke, 1040. 
 
 GAZEE, person gazed at. 
 
 Such a group would relieve both parties 
 gazer and gazee from too distressing a con- 
 sciousness. De Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 
 157. 
 
 GAZELESS, unseeing ; not looking. 
 Desire lies dead upon the gazeless eye. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 98. 
 
 GEE-HO. See first extract. A gee- 
 ho-coach seems to be a heavy coach 
 from the country. 
 
 They drew all their heavy goods here 
 [Bristol] on sleds or sledges, which they call 
 Gee-hoes, without wheels. Defoe, Tour thro 1 
 G. Britain, ii. 314. 
 
 Ply close at inns upon the coming in of 
 waggons and gee-ho-coa.chea. T. Brown, 
 Works, ii. 262. 
 
 GEESE. A man who thinks his own 
 geese sivans is one who over-estimates 
 what belongs to him. It will be seen
 
 GELASTIC 
 
 ( 272 ) GENSDARMERY 
 
 that Bailey, in substituting an English 
 proverb for the Latin, has somewhat 
 spoilt the appropriateness of the re- 
 joinder. 
 
 Ga. Every man's own geese are swans (sua 
 cuique sponsa videtur pulchei~rima). 
 
 Al. If that proverb held good, we should 
 not have so many adulteries. Bailey's Eras- 
 mus, p. 316. 
 Tygh high, tygh high, and sweet delight ! 
 
 He tickles this age who can 
 Call Tullia's ape a marmasite, 
 And Leda's goose a swan. 
 British Bibliographer, quoted in Southey's 
 Doctor, Interchapter vii. 
 
 And now as to Dr. Whately, I owe him a 
 great deal. He was a man of generous and 
 warm heart. He was particularly loyal to 
 his friends, and, to use the common phrase, 
 " all his geese were swans." Newman, Apolo- 
 gia, p. 68. 
 
 GELASTIC, something risible : both a 
 substantive and adjective. 
 
 My friendly pill . . . causes all com- 
 plexions to laugh or smile, even in the very 
 time of taking it, which it effects by dilating 
 and expanding the gelastic muscles. T. 
 Brown, Works, ii. 140. 
 
 Happy man would be his dole who, when 
 he had made up his mind in dismal resolu- 
 tion to a dreadful course of drastics, should 
 find that gelastics had been substituted, not 
 of the Sardonian kind. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. extraordinary. 
 
 GELT, tax. 
 
 All these the king granted unto them 
 cum Sacha et Socha, To! and Teum, &c., free 
 from all gelts and payments. Fuller, Wal- 
 tham Abbey, p. 7. 
 
 GEMMARY, knowledge of gems. Sir 
 T. Browne has gemmary as an adjec- 
 tive. 
 
 In painting and gemmary Fortunate, like 
 his countrymen, was a quack. E. A. Poe, 
 Cask of Amontillado. 
 
 G E M M E N , vulgar abbreviation of 
 gentlemen. 
 At home our Bow-street gemmen keep the 
 
 laws. Byron, Beppo, st. 86. 
 Here the new maid chimed in, " Ma'am, salts 
 
 of lemon 
 Will make it in no time quite fit for the 
 
 gemman." 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Aunt Fanny). 
 
 GENEALOGY, offspring ; generation. 
 
 The family consisted of an old grey-headed 
 man and his wife, with five or six sons and 
 sons-in-law, and their several wives, and a 
 joyous genealogy out of them. Sterne, Sent. 
 Journey, The Supper. 
 
 GENERALESS, female general. 
 
 He hastily nominates or sanctions gener- 
 alesses, captains of tens and fifties. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. v. 
 
 GENETHLIAC, a nativity caster. 
 
 Commend me here to all genethliacs, casters 
 of nativities, star-worshippers, by this token, 
 that they are all impostors, and here proved 
 fools. Adams, i. 9. 
 
 Do not the hist'ries of all ages 
 Relate miraculous presages 
 Of strange turns in the world's affairs 
 Foreseen by astrologers, soothsayers, 
 Chaldaeans, learn 'd genethliacks, 
 And some that have writ almanacks ? 
 Hudibras, II. iii. 689. 
 
 GENETIC, pertaining to the genesis 
 or origin of things. 
 
 All revolutions, articles, and achievements 
 whatsoever, the greatest and the smallest 
 which this world ever beheld, have not once, 
 but often, in their course of genesis depended 
 on the veriest trifles. ... So inscrutable is 
 genetic history ; impracticable the theory of 
 causation, and transcends all calculus of 
 man's devising. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 78. . 
 
 GENETICAL, having relation to the 
 genesis or origin. 
 
 A complete picture and Genetical History 
 of the Man and bis spiritual Endeavour lies 
 before you. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. 
 ch. xi. 
 
 GENEVA PRINT, sometimes applied to 
 drink (see quotation from Massinger in 
 L.), and this is also the meaning, I 
 suppose, of a passage in Chapman's 
 Mfms. D Olive, Act II., where a puri- 
 tanical weaver, whose " face was like 
 the ten of diamonds, pointed each- 
 where with pushes," is said to be 
 "purblind with the Geneva print;" 
 there being an equivoque intended 
 between his spiritual and spirituous 
 studies. In the subjoined, however, it 
 signifies a puritanical fashion in dress. 
 
 Shee is a nonconformist in a close sto- 
 macher and ruffle of Geneua print, and her 
 puritie consists much in her linen. Earle, 
 Microcosmographie (Shee precise Hypocrite). 
 
 GENSDARMERY, a corps or army. 
 
 Had the gensdarmery of our great writers 
 no other enemy to fight with ? Racket, Life 
 of Williams, i."l02. 
 
 The greater part of the gentry now dis- 
 persed ; the whimsical misfortune which had 
 befallen the gens d'armerie of Tillietndlem 
 furnishing them with huge entertainment. 
 Scott, Old Mortality, ch. iii.
 
 GENS D'ARMES 
 
 ( *73 ) 
 
 GERR1NG 
 
 GENS D'ARMES, soldiers. 
 We come not here, my lord, said they, with 
 
 armes 
 
 For to resist the chok of thy Gens d'annea. 
 Hudson, Judith, v. 538. 
 
 GENTEELIZE, to become or make gen- 
 teel. See GENTILIZE. 
 
 A man cannot dress but his ideas get 
 cloth'd at the same time ; and if he dresses 
 like a gentleman, every one of them stands 
 presented to his imagination genteelized along 
 with him. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, vi._138. 
 
 GENTILIZE, to raise to the rank of 
 gentleman. Milton, as quoted by R. 
 and L., has the participle = adopting 
 Gentile habits. See GENTEELIZE. 
 Dissembling breakers, made of all deceipts, 
 Who falsifie your measures and your weights 
 T' inrich your selues, and your vnthrifty Sous 
 To yentilize with proud possessions. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first weeke, 527. 
 
 GENTLE-HEART, a plant. 
 
 Strip her of spring-time, tender whimpring 
 
 maids, 
 Now autumne's come, when'all those flowrie 
 
 aids 
 
 Of her delayes must end ; dispose 
 That lady-smock, that pansie, and that rose 
 
 Neatly apart ; 
 
 But for prick-madam, and for yentle-heart 
 And soft maiden's-blush, the bride 
 Makes holy these ; all others lay aside. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 121. 
 
 GENTLEMANHOOD, qualities or con- 
 dition of a gentleman. L. has gentle- 
 manship. 
 
 In his family, gentle, generous, good- 
 humoured, affectionate, self - denying ; in 
 society, a delightful example of complete 
 gentlemanhood. Thackeray, Roundabout Pa- 
 pers, xx. 
 
 GEOGNOSIS, knowledge of the earth. 
 
 He has no bent towards exploration, or 
 the enlargement of our yeognosis. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. ix. 
 
 GEOGNOST, a person having know- 
 ledge of the earth's crust, &c. 
 
 The travellers, except to the volcano dis- 
 trict of Sinai, have been such bad yeoynosts, 
 that I cannot get enough from them. C, 
 Kinysley, 1863 (Life, ii. 141). 
 
 GEOGRAPHY. The earliest example 
 of this word given in the Diets, is 
 from Hackluyt (1589). Udal, in 1542, 
 thought the word needed explanation. 
 
 Strabo, in his werke of yeoyrapMe, that is 
 to saie, of the description of the earth, 
 wryteth, &c. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 
 GEOLATRY, earth-worship. 
 
 To this succeeded astrolatry in the East, 
 and yeolatry in the West. Cox, Mythol. of 
 Aryan Nations, i. 95. 
 
 GEOMETER, a gauger. 
 Instead of a quart-pot of pewter 
 I fill small jugs, and need no tutor ; 
 I quartridge give to the geometer 
 
 Most duly ; 
 And he will see, and yet be blind. 
 
 Robin Conscience, 1683 (Harl. 
 Misc., i. 52). 
 
 GEOMETRY. To hang by geometry = 
 angularly, out of shape, in confusion. 
 Cf. JOMMETRY. In the extract one of 
 the characters, who has been living 
 under the disguise of a servant by the 
 name of Jarvis, " enters like a gentle- 
 man very brave, with Jarvis's cloaths 
 in 's hand," and says 
 
 Look you, here's Jarvis hangs by geometry, 
 and here's the gentleman. Rowley, Match 
 at Midnight, Act. III. 
 
 I am a pander, a rogue that hangs together, 
 like a beggar's rags, by geometry. Davenport, 
 City Kiqht-Cap, Act IV. 
 
 GEORGE NOBLE, a gold coin worth 
 6s. Bd. current in Henry VIII. 's time ; 
 but can this be the coin referred to by 
 Cotton ? 
 
 Nor full nor fasting can the carle take rest, 
 Whiles his Georye-nobles rusten in his chest, 
 He sleeps but once, and dreams of burglary. 
 
 Hall, Satires, IV. vi. 31. 
 When having twelve ounces he bound up 
 
 my arm, 
 And I gave him two Georges which did him no 
 
 harm. Cotton, Voyage to Ireland, canto 2. 
 
 GEREMUMBLE, a comic word, having, 
 I suppose, no very definite meaning, 
 but = prepare in some way or other 
 for food. 
 
 He . . delivered him the king of fishes, 
 teaching hym how to geremumble it, sawce 
 it, and dresse it. Nashe, Lenten Stttffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 172). 
 
 GERMAN. See quotation. 
 
 German is by his very name Guerre-man, 
 or man that wars and gars. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 GERMANISE, to translate into German. 
 The Dutch hath him who Germanised the 
 
 story 
 Of Sleidan. Sylvester, Babylon, 624. 
 
 GERRING. N. has " Gerre, quarrelling, 
 evidently from the French guerre." 
 He quotes from R. Paynell, which is, 
 he says, the only passage where he has 
 found it, and he therefore considers it 
 
 T
 
 GERSUME 
 
 ( 
 
 " only as an affectation of the author." 
 It is possible that gerring in the extract 
 is connected with this substantive. 
 
 With the musicians also he found fault, for 
 that about their harpes and other musicall 
 instrumentes thei would bestowe greate 
 labour and diligence to set the strynges in 
 right tune, and had maners gerring quite and 
 clene out of al good accord or frame. Udal't 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 85. 
 
 GERSUME, a fine : at least in the mar- 
 gin is put "fine, as some take it." 
 
 Norwich, ... as wee reade in that Domes- 
 day Booke, . . . paide unto the king twenty 
 pounds ; . . . but now it paieth seventy 
 pounds by weight to the king, and an 
 hundred shillings for a gersume to the 
 queene. Holland's Camden, p. 474. 
 
 GERUND-GRINDER, a schoolmaster. 
 
 Here is the glass for pedagogues, pre- 
 ceptors, tutors, governours, gerund-grinders, 
 and bear-leaders to view themselves in. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iv. 112. 
 
 GERUND-GRINDING, teaching or learn- 
 ing of grammar technically. 
 
 Other departments of schooling had been 
 infinitely more productive for our young 
 friend than the gerund-grinding one. Car- 
 lyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. I. ch. iv. 
 
 Classicality . . . greatly distinguishable 
 from mere gerund-grinding, and death in 
 longs and shorts. Ibid. 
 
 GESTICULAR, full of action. 
 Electricity ... is passing, glancing, ges- 
 ticular. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. xiii. 
 
 GESTION. order ; good bearing. 
 
 Is she a woman that objects this sight, 
 able to worke the chaos of the world into 
 gestion? Chapman, Humerous Dayes Mirth, 
 p. 79. 
 
 GESTUREMENT, gesture. 
 Meanwhile our poets in high parliament 
 Sit watching every word and gesturement. 
 
 Hall, Satires, I. iii. 46. 
 
 GESTURER, actor. 
 
 [The poet] may likewise exercise the part 
 of gesturer, as though he seemed to meddle 
 in rude and common matters, and yet not so 
 deale in them as it were for variety sake, 
 nor as though he had laboured them 
 thoroughly, but tryfled with them, nor as 
 though he had sweat for them, but practised 
 a little. Webbe, Discourse of Eng. Poetrie, 
 p. 95. 
 
 GESTUROUS, full of gesture. 
 
 Some be as toyinge, gesturous, and counter- 
 feiting of anything by ymitation, as Apes. 
 Touchstone of Complexions, p. 97. 
 
 GETABLE, procurable. 
 
 I do not mean to plunder yon of any mor 
 
 4 ) GIBBET 
 
 prints, but shall employ a little collector to 
 get me all that are getable. Walpole, Letters, 
 iii. 283 (1769). 
 
 GET - NOTHING, an idler who earns 
 nothing. 
 
 Every get-nothing is a thief, and laziness is 
 a stolen water. Adams, i. 192. 
 
 GET-UP, dress ; appearance. 
 
 There is an air of pastoral simplicity about 
 their whole get-up. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, 
 ch. xliii. 
 
 GHAST, ghastly ; awful. 
 1st Lady. How ghast a train ! 
 2nd Lady. Sure this should be some 
 splendid burial. 
 
 Keats, Otho the Great, v. 5. 
 
 GHAUT. See extract. 
 
 I wrote this, remembering in long, long 
 distant days such a ghaut or river-stair at 
 Calcutta. Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, 
 xviii. 
 
 GHOSTESS, female ghost. 
 
 In the mean time that she. 
 The said Ghostess, or Ghost, as the matter 
 
 may be, 
 From impediment, hindrance, and let shall 
 
 be free 
 To sleep in her grave. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Old Woman in Grey). 
 
 GHYLL, "in the dialect of Cumber- 
 land and Westmoreland is a short and, 
 for the most part, a steep narrow valley, 
 with a stream running through it " 
 ( Wordsworth, The Idle Shepherd Boys, 
 or Dungeon Ghyll Force, note). See 
 L. s. v. gill. 
 
 I wandered where the huddling rill 
 Brightens with water-breaks the sombrous 
 
 ghyll. Wordsworth, Evening Walk. 
 
 GIANTISH, over tall. 
 Their stature neither dwarf nor giantish, 
 But in a comely well-dispos'd proportion. 
 
 Randolph, Muses Looking-Glass, v. 1. 
 
 GIANTRY, hugeness. 
 
 The flimsy giantry of Ossian has introduced 
 mountainous horrors. Walpole, Letters, iv. 
 380 (1784). 
 
 GIBBET, shoulder (gigot). Among 
 the false or blasphemous opinions com- 
 plained of by the Lower House of Con- 
 vocation in 1536 is the following 
 
 That the holy water is more savoury to 
 make sauce with than the other, because it 
 is mixt with salt ; which is also a very good 
 medicine for a horse with a gall'd back, yea, 
 if there be put an onyon thereunto, it is a 
 good sauce for a gibbet of mutton. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hi$t., V. iv. 28.
 
 GIFT 
 
 ( *75 ) 
 
 GIPSY 
 
 GIFT, to give. This verb is in the 
 Diets., but the examples are only of 
 the use of the past participle. 
 
 He was just the sort of wild, fierce, bandit 
 hero whom I could have consented to gift 
 with my hand. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. 
 xvii. 
 
 For the world must love and fear him 
 "Whom I gift wih heart and hand. 
 
 Mrs. Bro icning, Swan's Nest. 
 The Regent Murray gifted all the Church 
 property to Lord Sempill. /. Cameron Lees, 
 Abbey of Paisley, p. 201 (1868). 
 
 GlFTLlNG, little gift. 
 
 The kindly Christmas tree may 
 
 you have plucked pretty giftlings from it. 
 Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, x. 
 
 GIG. flighty person. See N. s. v. 
 giglet. 
 
 Charlotte L. called, and the little gig told 
 all the qnarrels and all les mallieurs of the 
 domestic life she led in her family, and made 
 them all ridiculous without meaning to make 
 herself so. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 390. 
 
 GlGANTESQUE, giant-like. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of a river-system so 
 awful of a mountain-system so unheard of 
 in Europe, there would probably, by blind, 
 unconscious sympathy, grow up a tendency 
 to lawless and gigantesque ideals of adventur- 
 ous life. De (Juincey, Spanish Nun, Post- 
 script. 
 
 GIGANTICIDE, giant-killer. 
 
 The exoteric person mingles, as usual, in 
 society, while the esoteric is like John the 
 Giganticide in his coat of darkness. Southey, 
 The Doctor, Interchapter, xii. 
 
 GIGANTOMACHY, battle of the Giants. 
 
 They looked more like that Gigantomachy, 
 the Giants assaulting Heaven and the Gods, 
 than that Good fight of faith. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 544. 
 
 GIGMANITY, a word coined by Carlyle 
 to signify a Philistine respectability. 
 See quotation s. v. SQUIRELET, where 
 the following note is subjoined. " Q. 
 What do you mean by respectable ? A. 
 He always kept a gig " (Thurtell's trial). 
 
 The word international introduced by the 
 immortal Bentham, and Mr. Carlyle's gig- 
 inanity to coin which by the way it was 
 necessary to invent facts are significantly 
 characteristic of the utilitarian philanthro- 
 pist and of the futilitarian misanthropist 
 respectively. Hall, Modern English, p. 19. 
 
 GIGXITIVE, productive of something 
 else. 
 
 There are at the commencement of the 
 third volume four Interchapters in succes- 
 sion, and relating to each other, the first 
 
 gigniti ve but" not generated, the second and 
 third both generated and yignitive, the 
 fourth generated but not giynitive. Southey, 
 The Doctor, Interchapter xiv. 
 
 GIM, fine ; spruce. See JIM. 
 
 He's as fine as a prince, and as gim as the 
 best of them. Vanbruyh, The Confederacy, 
 Act I. 
 
 GIMMON, a double ring : usually 
 written gimmal, q. v. in N. 
 
 A ring of a rush would tye as much Loue 
 together as a Gimmon of golde. Greene, 
 Menaphon, p. 88. 
 
 GIN, squaw, or wife of an Indian or 
 Australian native, and so an old woman 
 generally. See quotation s. v. MYALL- 
 BOUGH. 
 
 An Australian settler's wife bestows on 
 some poor slaving gin a cast-off French 
 bonnet ; before she has gone a hundred 
 yards, her husband snatches it off, puts it 
 on his own mop, quiets her for its loss with 
 a tap of the waddie, and struts on in glory. 
 C. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. xiii. 
 
 GINGERBREAD, used adjectivally and 
 in a disp-traging sense of showy adorn- 
 ment. 
 
 The rooms are too small, and too much 
 decorated with carving and gilding, which is 
 a kind of gingerbread work. Smollett, France 
 and Italy, Letter xxx. 
 
 GlNGLE-BOYS, coins. 
 
 Ang. You are hid in gold 
 
 O'er head and ears. 
 
 Hir. We thank our fates, the sign of the 
 ffingle-boys hangs at the door of our pockets. 
 Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2. 
 
 GINGLES, shingles. 
 
 It is observed of the gingles. or St. Anthony 
 his fire, that it is mortall if it come once 
 to clip and encompasse the whole body. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. i. 60. 
 
 GIPSOUS, clayey. 
 
 Others looked for it [cause of sweating 
 sickness] from the earth, as arising from an 
 exhalation in moist weather out of gipsous 
 or plaisterly ground. Fuller, Camb. Univ., 
 vii. 36. 
 
 GIPSY, as a term of reproach is gener- 
 ally applied to a woman, and usually 
 in a playful way ; the gipsy in the 
 extract is Spenser, Edw. I L's favourite. 
 
 This overture being come to the Queen's 
 ear, and withal the knowledge how this 
 Gipsie had marshall'd his cunning practice, 
 and had prescrib'd the way for her escape, 
 . . . she seemed woudrously well-pleas'd. 
 Hist, of Ed ic. II., p. 88. 
 
 X 2
 
 GIRD 
 
 ( 276 ) 
 
 GLED 
 
 GIRD, a spurt. N. gives an instance 
 from North's Plutarch of gird as a 
 verb = to leap or bound. 
 
 Like a haggard, you know not where to 
 take him. He hunts well for a gird, but is 
 Boon at a loss. Adams, i. 475. 
 
 GIRDING-HOOK, cutting or reaping- 
 hook. 
 The oats, oh the oats, 'tis the ripening of 
 
 the oats ! 
 All the day they have been dancing with 
 
 their flakes of white, 
 "Waiting for the girding-hook to be the nag's 
 
 delight. 
 
 Exmoor Harvest Song (Lorna 
 Doone, ch. xxix). 
 
 GIRDLE. To have under one's girdle 
 = to have in subjection. 
 
 Such a wicked brothell 
 "Which sayth vnder his girtkell 
 He holdeth Kyngs and Princes. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and 
 
 be not wroth, p. 114. 
 
 Let the magnanimous junto be heard, who 
 would try the hazard of war to the last, and 
 had rather lose their heads than put them 
 under the girdle of a presbyterian conventicle. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 215. 
 
 GIRL. See first extract : in the 
 second the speaker is supposed to be 
 a hind. 
 
 The roebuck is the first year a kid, the 
 second year a girl, the third year a hemuse. 
 Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (1606). 
 
 Those pretty fawns, prickets, sorrells, 
 hemuses and girls, whereof some are mine, 
 which I brought into the world without any 
 pain or help of midwife. Howell, Parly of 
 Jieasts, p. 62. 
 
 GlRSE. N. has " girse, a girth ? " 
 with a quotation from Taylor, 1630. 
 Subjoined is a somewhat earlier in- 
 stance : there can be no doubt that the 
 meaning is as conjectured. 
 
 One day, as the king was alone on the 
 shores, there sallies out of the fort a com- 
 pany of horse, whereof three ranne at him so 
 violently, and all strooke his horse together 
 with their launces as they brake pectorall, 
 qirses, and all, that the horse slips away, and 
 leaues the king and the saddle on the ground. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 46. 
 
 GIVEN-WAY, allowed. 
 
 Is this the price of all thy pains ? Is this 
 the reward of thy given-way liberty? Sid- 
 ney, Arcadia, p. 369. 
 
 GLACIARIUM, a place where ice ia 
 kept for skating purposes : a word 
 formed like aquarium. 
 
 The real ice at the Chelsea ylaciarium 
 
 was obtained by the use of liquid sulphnrons 
 acid. Nineteenth Century, March, 1878, p. 
 555. 
 
 GLADE. To go to glade, evidently 
 = to set is it from the sun sinking 
 behind the trees ? 
 
 Likening her Majestie to the Sunne for 
 his brightnesse, but not to him for his pas- 
 sion, which is ordinarily to go to glade, and 
 sometime to suffer eclypse. Puttenham, 
 Eng. Poesie, p. 116. 
 
 Phoebus now goes to glade ; then now goe wee 
 Vuto our sheddes to rest vs till he rise. 
 
 Davies, Eglogue, 255. 
 
 GLADIFY, rejoice ; become glad. 
 
 Have you Mr. Twining still ? oh that he 
 would come and mortify upon our bread 
 and cheese, while he would gladify upon 
 our pleasure in his sight. Mad. IfArblay, 
 Diary, vi. 193. 
 
 GLARINGNESS, floridness. 
 
 Among them all none pleased him so much 
 as those composed by the famous Feliciano 
 de Silva: for the glaringness of his prose, 
 and the intricacy of his style, seemed to him 
 so many pearls. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. 
 Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 GLASS, applied by rather a violent 
 metonymy to a stream " splendidior 
 vitro.' 1 
 Out of the stone a plentious stream doth 
 
 gush, 
 "Which murmurs through the plain, proud 
 
 that his glass, 
 
 Gliding so swift, so soon reyoungs the grass. 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, p. 954. 
 
 GLASSYNESS, glazed appearance. R. 
 gives the word without example. Smol- 
 lett seems to think it requires an apo- 
 logy, though perhaps this only refers 
 to the application of it in this passage. 
 
 The alassyness (if I may be allowed the 
 expression) of the surface, throws, in my 
 opinion, a false light on some parts of the 
 picture. Smollett, France and Italy, Letter 
 -\.\:.i. 
 
 GLAZIERS, gipsy cant for eyes. The 
 extract means, Look out with all your 
 eyes, I swear by the devil, a magis- 
 trate is coming. 
 Toure out with your glaziers, I swear by the 
 
 ruffin, 
 That we are assaulted by a queer cuffin. 
 
 Broonie, A Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 GLED. 
 
 Come, knave, it were a good deed to gled 
 
 thee, by cockes bones, 
 
 Seest not thy handi warke ? sir Eat, can you 
 forbear him. 
 
 Gammer Gurton's Needle (Hawkins' 
 Eng. Dr., i. 235).
 
 GLIB 
 
 ( 277 ) 
 
 GLORRE 
 
 GLIB, slippery. 
 
 Or colour, like their own 
 The parted lips of shells that are upthrown, 
 With which, and coral, and the glib sea 
 
 flowers, 
 They furnish their faint bowers. 
 
 Leigh Hunt, Foliage, p. 20. 
 
 GLIDDERY, slippery. See quotation s.v. 
 POPWEED, and Wedgewood, s. v. glidder. 
 
 Two men led my mother down a steep 
 and gliddery stair-way. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. iv. 
 
 GLIM, a light or candle: also an eye. 
 
 " Let's have a glim" said Sikes, " or we 
 shall go breaking ournecks." Dickens, Oliver 
 Tmst, ch. xvi. 
 
 It is not a farthing glim in a bedroom, or 
 we should have seen it lighted. It is some 
 one up ; we must wait till they roost. Reade, 
 Never too late to mend, ch. xlviii. 
 
 Harold escaped with the loss of a glim. 
 Jngoldsby Legends (Housewarminy). 
 
 GLIMFLASHY, angry; flaring up 
 (slang). 
 
 Don't be glimfashy ; why you'd cry beef 
 on a blater. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixxxii. 
 
 GLIMMER-GOWK, an owl. 
 
 'E sit like a graat glimmer-gowk wi' 'is 
 glasses athurt 'is noase. Tennyson, The Vil- 
 lage Wife. 
 
 GLIMMEBT, glimmering. 
 
 Shal wee, father heunlye, be carelesse 
 Of thy claps thundring ? or when fiers glim- 
 rye be listed 
 In clowds grim gloomming? 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 216. 
 
 GLINT, to glean ; also as a subst. 
 
 The sight of the stars glinting fitfully 
 through the trees, as we rolled along the 
 avenue. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xx. 
 
 The few persevering gnats, who were still 
 dancing about in the slanting glints of sun- 
 shine, that struck here aud there across the 
 lanes, had left off humming. Hughes, Tom 
 Brown at Oxford, ch. xlvii. 
 
 GLISTEN, a gleam : usually, a verb. 
 
 The sight of a piece of gold would bring 
 into her eyes a green glisten, singular to 
 witness. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xiv. 
 
 GLITTERANCE, glitter. 
 
 From the glitterance of the sunny main 
 He turii'd his aching eyes. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. XII. 
 
 GLOAM, twilight ; usually written 
 gloaming. 
 
 I saw their starved lips in the gloam, 
 With horrid warning gaped wide, 
 
 And I awoke and found me here, 
 On the cold hill's side. 
 
 Keats, La Belle Dame fans merci. 
 
 GLOBIST, one who understands the use 
 of the globes. 
 
 Before my traveller puts himself to such 
 peregrinations, 'tis requisit he should know 
 the use of the globe beforehand . . . Being 
 a good globist hee will quickly find the zenith, 
 the distances, the climes, and the parallels. 
 Howell, Instructions for Forraine Travel 
 (Appendix). 
 
 GLOOMISH, gloomy. 
 With toole sharp poincted wee boarde and 
 
 perced his owne light 
 That stood in his lowring front gloommish 
 
 malleted onlye. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 649. 
 
 GLOOMTH, gloom. 
 
 One has a satisfaction in imprinting the 
 gloomth of abbeys and cathedrals on one's 
 house. Walpole to Mann, iii. 40 (1753). 
 
 Strawberry, with all its painted glass and 
 gloomth, looked as gay when I came home as 
 Mrs. Cornelis's ball room. Walpole, Letters, 
 iii. 331 (1770). 
 
 GLORK, to stare. See H., who has 
 two instances of it, but the subjoined 
 is a comparatively late example. 
 Sometimes it hap't, a greedy gull 
 Would get his gullet cram'd so full 
 As t' make him glare and gasp for wind. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. ii. p. 222. 
 
 GLORIOSER, a boaster : Anglicized 
 form of, or perhaps misprint for, glo- 
 rioso. 
 
 Emptie vessells haue the highest sounds, 
 hollowe rockes the loudest ecchoes, and 
 prattling gloriosers the smallest performance 
 of courage. Greene, Menaphon, p. 82. 
 
 GLORIOSO, a boaster : cf. FURIOSO, 
 GRATIOSO, &c. 
 
 Some wise men thought his Holinesse did 
 forfeit a parcel of his infallibility in giving 
 credit to such a Glorioso, vaunting that with 
 three thousand Souldiers he would beat all 
 the English out of Ireland. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Devon (i. 284). 
 
 GLORRE. In Nuttall's edition the 
 word is printed glare. Any slimy or 
 ropy substance was called glere (see 
 N. ). Fr. glaire: perhaps this is what 
 is meant, and = fat. 
 
 Nothing but fulness stinteth their [hogs] 
 feeding on the Mast falling from the Trees, 
 where also they lodge at liberty (not pent 
 up, as in other places, to stacks of Pease) 
 which some assign the reason of the fineness 
 of their flesh ; which though not all glorre 
 (where no bancks of lean can be seen for the 
 deluge of fat) is no less delicious to the 
 taste, and more wholesome for the stomack. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Hants, (i. 400).
 
 GLORY 
 
 ( 278 ) 
 
 GO 
 
 GLORY, to make glorious, or glorify. 
 Her attendant train may pass the troop 
 That gloried Veuus on her wedding day. 
 
 Greene, Looking glass for England, p. 118. 
 
 See 
 
 How he that glories Heaven with an honour 
 Covets to glorify himself with honesty. 
 
 Davenport, City Night-cap, Act I. 
 
 GLORYLESS, bereft of glory. 
 
 He on whose glory all thy joy should stay 
 
 Is soulless, gloryless, and desperate. 
 
 Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 3. 
 
 GLOSSEM, gloss. I suppose meant 
 for gloss 'em. 
 
 The Church of Home shall vie strange 
 ylossems and ceremonious observations with 
 them. Bp. Hall, Works, v. 13. 
 
 GLOUCESTER. See extract. 
 
 The old proverb, As sure as God's at 
 Gloucester, certainly alluded to the vast 
 number of churches and religious founda- 
 tions here. Defoe, Tour thro' Great Britain, 
 ii. 322. 
 
 GLOUT, to sulk, to look heavily. JR. 
 says it is found as late as Milton and 
 Garth : the subjoined are more recent. 
 
 Jenny (turning away and glowting). " I 
 declare it, I won't bear it." Gibber, Pro- 
 voked Husband, Act IV. 
 
 When the fray was over, I took my friend 
 aside, aud asked him, how he came to be so 
 earnestly against me. To which with some 
 gloutiny confusion he replied, " Because you 
 are always jeering aud making a jest of me 
 to every boy in the school." Ibid., Apology, 
 ch. i. 
 
 When we came to the top behold the 
 fnows fallen ! aud such quantities, and con- 
 ducted by such heavy clouds that hung 
 yloutiny, that I thought we could never 
 have waded through them. Walpole, Let- 
 ters, i. 35 (1739). 
 
 She had been greatly therefore disap- 
 pointed in the morning . . . and had been 
 in what is vulgarly called a gloutiny humour 
 ever since. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VII. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 If I find Ins aspect very solemn, " Come, 
 come, no yloutiny, friend," I will say, and 
 perhaps smile in his face. Richardson, 
 Grandison, iv. 165. 
 
 GLOUT. In the glout = in the sulks ; 
 angry. 
 
 My mamma was in the glout with her poor 
 daughter all the way. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, ii. 140. 
 
 GLUTTONINO, gluttony. 
 
 Come, honest cook, let me see how thy 
 imagination has wrought as well as thy 
 fingers, aud what curiosity thou hast shown 
 
 in the preparation of this banquet, for glut- 
 toning delights to be ingenious. Marmion, 
 Antiquary, Act IV. 
 
 GLYG. H. says "glig, a blister," 
 which, used metaphorically, may be 
 the meaning in the following quatrain 
 made by a man whom Peele had swin- 
 dled. 
 
 Peele is no poet, but a gull and a clown, 
 To take away my clothes and gown ; 
 I vow by Jove, if I can see him wear it, 
 I'll give him a ylyg, and patiently bear it. 
 Peele's Jests, 1627, p. 117. 
 
 GNABBLE, nibble. Gnibling occurs 
 in Stanyhurst's Dedic. to his Virgil. 
 
 " Take us these little foxes," was wont to 
 be the suit of the Church, "for they gitabble 
 our grapes, and hurt our tender branches." 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 159. 
 
 GNARL, snarl. The word is used as a 
 verb by Shakespeare. See N. 
 
 My caress provoked a long guttural ynarl. 
 Miss E. Bronte, Wutheriny Heights, ch. i. 
 
 GXAT-SNAPPER, a term of abuse ; per- 
 haps = a stupid fellow with his mouth 
 always open. It is also the name of 
 the beccafico, and is sometimes written 
 "gnat-snap." 
 
 Grout - head gnat - snappers, lob-dotterels, 
 gapiug changelings. Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. I. ch. xxv. 
 
 GNOMED, haunted by gnomes. 
 Philosophy will clip an Angel's wings, 
 Conquer all mysteries by rule and line, 
 Empty the haunted air and ynomed mine. 
 Keats, Lamia, Pt. II. 
 
 GNOSTIC, knowing. 
 s. v. TOGGED. 
 
 See quotation 
 
 I said you were a d d gnostic fellow, 
 
 and I laid a bet you have not been always 
 professional. Scott, St. Ronan'i Well, i. 91. 
 
 Go, a measure of drink ; go-down 
 was the term in the seventeenth cen- 
 tury. See N. 
 
 And many more whose quality 
 Forbids their toping openly, 
 Will privately, on good occasion, 
 Take six go-downs on reputation. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, canto 4. 
 So they went on talking politics, puffing 
 cigars, and sipping whiskey-and-water, until 
 the goes, most appropriately so called, were 
 both gone. Sketches by Boz (Making a night 
 of it). 
 
 The goes of stout, the Chough and Crow, 
 the welsh rabbit, the Red Cross Kuight, . . . 
 the song and the cup, in a word, passed 
 round merrily. Tluicktray, Jfewcomes, ch. i.
 
 GO 
 
 ( 279 ) GODDESS-HOOD 
 
 Go, a proceeding (slang). 
 
 Well, this is a pretty go is this here ! an 
 uncommon pretty go. Dickens, Nicholas 
 Nicldely, ch. Ivii. 
 
 I see a man with his eye pushed out ; that 
 was a rum go as ever I see. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. vii. 
 
 GOAD-GROOM, a carter or ploughman ; 
 one who uses the goad. In the Divine 
 Weekes(Captaines, 710) Sylvester calls 
 Sangar or Snamgar a Goad-man, and in 
 the margin a Plough-swain. 
 [Thou] by one man, one Goad-groom, (silly 
 
 Sangar), 
 
 Destroy'dst six hundred in religious anger. 
 Sylvester, Little Bartas, 877. 
 
 GOADSTEB, a driver ; one who uses 
 the goad. 
 
 Voltaire's bones are by and by to be carried 
 from their stolen grave in the Abbey of 
 Seallieres to an eager stealing grave in Paris, 
 his birth-city : all mortals processioning and 
 perorating there ; cars drawn by eight 
 white horses, yoadsters in classical costume 
 with fillets and wheat-ears enough ; though 
 the weather is of the wettest. Carlyle, Fr, 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. vii. 
 
 GO-AHEAD, forward ; progressive. 
 
 You would fancy that the go-ahead party 
 try to restore order and help business on. 
 Not the least. C. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 GOAL, to imprison. 
 
 Trounce him, goal him, and bring him upon 
 his knees, and declare him a reproach and 
 scandal to his profession. South, Sermons, 
 vi. 52. 
 
 GOAR, to scoop or dig ; now usually 
 spelt gore, and = to pierce with the 
 horn (as of a bull, &c.). 
 
 I have ever dissented from their opinion 
 who maintain that the world was created a 
 levell champian, mountains being only the 
 product of Noah's flood, where the violence 
 of the waters aggested the earth yoared out 
 of the hollow valleys. Fuller, Ch'. Hist., Bk. 
 ix., Dedic. 
 
 GOB. 
 
 If you put into your furnaces a quantity 
 of stuff in which, for instance, alumina pre- 
 ponderates and silica preponderates, your 
 furnaces will not flux, but they gob. North 
 Line. Iron Co. v. Winn, Queen's Bench, Nov. 
 22, 1877. 
 
 GOBBER-TOOTH, a projecting tooth. 
 Burton (Anat. of Mel., p. 515) has 
 yubber-tushed. 
 
 Duke Eichard was low in stature, crook- 
 backed, with one shoulder higher than the 
 
 other, having a prominent gobber- tooth, a 
 war-like countenance which well enough be- 
 came a soldier. Fuller, Ch. Hist , IV. iii. 8. 
 That pen that reports her [Anna Boleyn] 
 lean - visaged, long - sided, gobber - toothed, 
 yellow - complexioued, with a wen in her 
 neck, both manifests his malice, and dis- 
 parageth the judgement of King Henry, 
 whom all knew well read in books, and 
 better in beauties. Ibid. V. iv. 20. 
 
 GO-BY-GROUND, low. Gauden, argu- 
 ing in favour of a sufficient provision 
 for the clergy, asks what would be 
 thought of making Judges, Mayors, &c. 
 of "hungry thred-bare wretches," and 
 whether anything could be more de- 
 spicable than " such mushroome magis- 
 trates, such go-by-ground Governours " 
 (Tears of the Church, p. 521). N. has 
 the word as a substantive. 
 
 GOD, to deify ; to treat as a God. 
 The first extract is given by E. and by 
 L., but it will be seen that it is not quite 
 peculiar to Shakespeare. See also s. v. 
 CHRIST. 
 
 This last old man 
 
 Lov'd me above the measure of a father, 
 Nay, godded me indeed. Coriolanus, V. iii. 
 Some 'gainst their king attempting open 
 
 treason, 
 Some godding Fortune (idol of ambition). 
 
 Sylvester, Miracle of Peace, sonnet 30. 
 
 GODDAM. It is to be feared that 
 Flanders was not the only country in 
 which our armies swore terribly. Lord 
 Stanhope, in his Essay on Joan of Arc, 
 quotes the subjoined from a con- 
 temporary chronicle, and adds that 
 though he had often heard the name 
 applied to an Englishman, he had 
 hitherto believed it to be modern, as 
 he had previously met with no earlier 
 instance than in Beaumarchais' Mariage 
 de Figaro. In the second extract God- 
 damme = rake. 
 
 "Joan, let us eat this shad-fish to dinner 
 before you set out." " In the name of God," 
 said she, " it shall not be eaten till supper, 
 by which time we will return by way of the 
 bridge, and bring back with us a prisoner, a 
 Goddam, who shall eat his share of it." 
 Stanhope's Essays, p. 30. 
 
 Others were of the town-cut, young God- 
 dammes that spoke ill, and lived worse. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 556. 
 
 GODDESS-HOOD, status of a goddess. 
 
 Should not my beloved, for her own sake, 
 descend by degrees from goddess-hood into 
 humanity ? Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 360.
 
 GODDIKIN 
 
 ( 280 ) 
 
 GOLILIA 
 
 GODDIKIN, a little god. 
 
 For one's a little Goddikin, 
 No bigger than a skittle-pin. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, 
 p. 281. 
 
 GOD-FULL, inspired. 
 Homer, Musseus, Quid, Maro, more 
 Of those god-full prophets longe before 
 Holde there eternall fiers. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 440. 
 
 GODS, a name given to those who sit 
 in the upper gallery of a theatre. The 
 French call this gallery Paradis. 
 Each one shilling god within reach of a nod 
 
 is, 
 
 And plain are the charms of each gallery 
 goddess. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 128. 
 
 GODSHOUSE, almshouse, which is the 
 explanation of the term given in the 
 margin. In Southampton there is 
 a chapel (now used for the Anglican 
 Service in French) dedicated to St. 
 Julien. It has almshouses attached to 
 it, and is usually called God's House. 
 
 Built, they say, it was by Sir Richard de 
 Abberbury, Knight, who also under it founded 
 for poore people a yodshouse. Holland's 
 Catnden, p. 284. 
 
 GOFFER, to crimp. 
 
 " What's the matter with your ruff ? " 
 asked Lady Betty ; " it looks very neat, I 
 think." " Neat ! . . . I'll have to get it all 
 goffered over again." Miss Ferrier, Inherit- 
 ance, ch. xxi. 
 
 GOGGLE, to roll about (the eyes). 
 The Diets, have no example of this as 
 an active verb. 
 
 In temple corners hee gogled his eyesight. 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 438. 
 
 He goggled his eyes, and groped in his 
 money - pocket. Walpole, Letters, iii. 174 
 (1766). 
 
 GOGGLES, spectacles made of coloured 
 glass, wire, or gauze, to protect the eyes 
 from light, dust, &c. 
 
 I nearly came down a-top of a little spare 
 man who sat breaking stones by the road- 
 side. He stayed his hammer, and said, re- 
 garding me mysteriously through his dark 
 goijrjles of wire, " Are you aware, sir, that 
 you've been trespassing ? " Dickens, Un- 
 commercial Traveller, xxii. 
 
 GOGMAGOG, a jocose term for a big 
 or strong person. N. has gogmagogical 
 = large, with quotation from Taylor, 
 the water poet. 
 
 Be valiant, my little goymayoyt, I'll fence 
 
 with all the justices in Hertfordshire. 
 Merry Devil of Edmonton (Dodsley, 0. PI., 
 xi. 140). 
 
 GOINGS ON, proceedings. The simple 
 word ' goings ' is used in this, sense, 
 Job xxxiv. 21. 
 
 The family did not, from his usual goings 
 on, expect him back again for many weeks. 
 Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. v. 
 
 GOLDEN EYE. L. defines it a species 
 of duck (Anas danguld), but Sylvester 
 in a marginal note explains it to be 
 the " Guilt-head," which was a fish, 
 the Aurata or Aurella. See Fuller, 
 Holy War, III. xxiii. 4. 
 The delicate, cud-chewing Golden-Eye, 
 Kept in a weyre, the widest space doth spy, 
 And, thrusting in his tail, makes th' Osiars 
 
 gape 
 "With his oft flapping, and doth so escape. 
 
 Sylvester, fifth day, first weeke, p. 313. 
 
 GOLDFINCH, a gold piece. Cf. 
 YELLOW-HAMMER. 
 
 Sir H. Don't you love singing-birds, 
 madam ? 
 
 Angel. (Aside.) That's an odd question for 
 a lover. (Aloud.) Yes, sir. 
 
 Sir. H. Why then, madam, here is a nest 
 of the prettiest goldfinches that ever chirped 
 in a cage. Farquhar, Constant Couple, ii. 2. 
 
 GOLDNY, the fish gilthead. 
 
 The oisters of Tarentum, fish of Helops, 
 
 The goldny of Cilicia, Chios scallops. 
 
 Davies, An Extasie, p. 94. 
 
 GOLES. By Goles, an oath ; a minced 
 version of By God. 
 
 Why then, by Goles ! I will tell you. I 
 hate you and I can't abide you. Fielding, 
 An old man taught insdom. 
 
 Hark, hark ! 'tis the signal ly goles I 
 
 It sounds like a funeral knell. 
 
 Oh, hear it not, Duncan ! it tolls 
 
 To call thee to heaven or hell. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 173. 
 
 GOLILIA. Spanish golilla, a little 
 starched band sticking out under the 
 chin, like a ruff. 
 
 Mons. Let me not put on that Spanish 
 yoke, but spare me my cravat, for I love 
 cravat furieusement. 
 
 Don. Off, off, off with it, I say ! Come, 
 refuse the ornaments principal of the Spanish 
 habit! (Takes him by the cravat, pulls it 
 off, and the Black puts on the golitia.) 
 
 Mom. Will you have no mercy, no pity ? 
 alas ! alas ! alas ! Oh, I had rather put on 
 the English pillory than that Spanish golilia. 
 JVyrherley, Gent. Dane. Mast., iv. 1. 
 
 I cannot well comprehend what those
 
 GOLL-SHEAVES ( 281 ) GOOD-NATURED 
 
 pretenders to science would be at who 
 fasten on the first notions, and will no more 
 part with them than a Spaniard with his 
 basket-hilt or golilia. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 254. 
 
 He wore about his neck ... a small run 5 , 
 which had serv'd him formerly instead of a 
 (jolille, when he liv'd at Madrid. T. Brown, 
 Works, iv. 210. 
 
 GOLL-SHEAVES. H. gives " gole, big, 
 fall, florid, prominent, rank as grass," 
 &c. Goll-sheaves perhaps = sheaves of 
 overgrown corn with empty ears. 
 
 The rest of the articles were gall-sheaves 
 that went out in a suddain blaze. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 92. 
 
 GOLOSHED, furnished with goloshes, 
 or, perhaps, made waterproof. 
 
 His boots had suffered in the wars : great 
 pains had been taken for their preservation ; 
 they had been soled and heeled more than 
 once ; had they been goloshed, their owner 
 might have defied Fate. Ingoldsly Legends 
 (Grey Dolphin). 
 
 GONOPH, a fool or lout. See H. s. v. 
 gno/e. 
 
 I am obliged to take him into custody ; 
 he's as obstinate a young gonoph as I know ; 
 he won't move on. Dickens, Bleak House, 
 ch. xix. 
 
 GOOD-BODIED, having a good figure. 
 
 Saw all my family up, and my father and 
 sister, who is a pretty good-bodied woman, 
 and not over thick, as I thought she would 
 have been, but full of freckles, and not 
 handsome in face. Pepys, May 31, 1666. 
 
 GOODFELLOW, a reveller ; it was also 
 used of a thief. See H. 
 
 This they said, because it was well known 
 that Sir Roger had been a Goodfellow in his 
 youth. But he answered them very wisely: 
 '' Indeed," saith he, " in youth, I was as you 
 are now, and I had twelve fellows like unto 
 myself, but not one of them came to a good 
 end." Ascham, Schoolmaster, p. 60. 
 
 I have been employed 
 
 By some the greatest statesmen of the king- 
 dom 
 
 These many years; and in my time conversed 
 With sundry humours, suiting so myself 
 To company, as honest men and knaves, 
 Goodfeliows, hypocrites, all sorts of people. 
 Jonson, Magnetic Lady, I. i. 
 \Ye must not only avoid sinne itself, 
 but also the causes and occasions thereof, 
 amongst which bad company (the lime twigs 
 of the devil) is the chiefest, especially to 
 catch those natures which, like the goodfellow 
 planet Mercuric, are most swayed by others. 
 Fuller, Holy State, III. v. 3. 
 
 GOOD- FOE-LITTLE, not worth much. 
 
 The little words in the republic of letters 
 are most significant. The trisyllables, and 
 the rumblers of syllables more than three, 
 are but the good-for-little magnates. Rich- 
 ardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 298. 
 
 GOOD-FOR-NOTHING, worthless. 
 
 I believe I may put it to your score that I 
 have not a guest to-day, nor any besides my 
 own family, and you yood-for-nothiny ones 
 (inutiles). Bailey's Erasmus, p. 187. 
 
 He is to be married very soon ; a good-for- 
 nothing fellow ! I have no patience with him. 
 Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ch. xxx. 
 
 GOOD - FOE - NOTHINGNESS, WOrtllleSS- 
 
 ness. 
 
 How do these gentry know that, supposing 
 they could trace back their ancestry for one, 
 two, three, or even five hundred years, that 
 then the original stems of these poor fami- 
 lies, though they have not kept such elaborate 
 records of their good-for-nothingness, as it 
 often proves, were not still deeper rooted. 
 Richardson, Pamela, ii. 54. 
 
 GOODISH, rather good, or large. 
 
 I fetched a goodish compass round by the 
 way of the Cloven Eocks. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. Iviii. 
 
 GOOD MORROWS, compliments or com- 
 monplaces : the expression refers, I 
 suppose, to the formal and empty 
 greetings exchanged when acquaint- 
 ances meet. 
 
 After this saiyng the commenaltie of 
 Athenes, which had afore condemned him, 
 were sodainly stricken againe in loue with 
 hym, and saied that he was an honest man 
 again and loued the citee, and many gaie 
 good morowes. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth. 
 p. 376. 
 
 She spoke of the domesticall kind of cap- 
 tivities and drudgeries that women are put 
 unto, with many such good morrows. Howell, 
 Parly of Beasts, p. 67. 
 
 Some might be apt to say, the devil's in a 
 man that grieves for the loss of a wife ; 
 that a dead wife is the best piece of house- 
 hold goods a man can have ; that it would be 
 as preposterous to shed tears at the interring 
 our left rib as to go into mourning for getting 
 out of prison, . , . and a thousand such good 
 morrows. T. Broicn, Works, iii. 245. 
 
 GOOD-NATURED is used by theological 
 writers of that goodness which a man 
 may have without having the grace of 
 God. The first quotation is borrowed 
 from Trench's DefaienciesofEng. Diets.; 
 in the second the word is not used in 
 its strict theological sense, and signifies 
 what we now call well-conditioned, but 
 conveys much higher eulogy than it 
 does at present. This inferior use of
 
 GOODY 
 
 GOSSAN 
 
 the word was, however, current in 
 Fuller's time, and South (vi. 109) has 
 some pungent remarks thereon. 
 
 Good nature, being the relics and remains 
 of that shipwreck which Adam made, is the 
 proper and immediate disposition to holiness. 
 When yood nature is heightened by the grace 
 of God, that which was natural becomes now 
 spiritual. Jeremy Taylor, Sermon at Funeral 
 of Sir J. Dalstone. 
 
 "We take our leaves of Tyndal with that 
 testimony which the Emperour's procurator 
 or attorney-general (though his adversary) 
 gave of him, " Homo fuit doctus, pius et 
 bonus : " He was a learned, a godly, and a 
 good-natured man. Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. iv. 41. 
 
 GOODY, a contemptuous word to 
 denote what is well intentioned, but 
 weak and mawkish. 
 
 All this may be mere goody weakness and 
 twaddle on my part. Sterling, in Carlyle's 
 Life, Pt. II. Ch. V. 
 
 One can't help in his presence rather try- 
 ing to justify his good opinion ; and it does 
 so tire one to be goody and to talk sense. 
 Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. ix. 
 
 GOOSE, to hiss (theatrical slang). 
 
 He was goosed last night, he was goosed the 
 night before last, he was goosed to-day. He 
 has lately got in the way of being always 
 goosed, aud he can't stand it. Dickens, Hard 
 Times, ch. vi. 
 
 GOOSE-HORNS. In the Queen's Closet 
 Opened, p. 77 (1655), there is a receipt 
 for " A Powder for the Wind in the 
 Body," which has, among other ingre- 
 dients, "pillings of goose-horns, of 
 capons, and pigeons." 
 
 GOOSE-SKIN, a creeping of the flesh is 
 so called. Cf. ANSERINE. 
 
 Her teeth chattered in her head, and her 
 skin began to rise into what is vulgarly 
 termed goose-skin. Miss Ferrier, Inheritance, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 GOB-BELLY, a big belly. See N. In 
 all the examples in the Diets, it is used 
 of a glutton, not of the stomach itself. 
 
 The devils of Crowland, with their crump 
 shoulders, side and gor-f>ellies, crooked and 
 hawmed legges. . . Holland's Camden, p. 530. 
 
 GOBDIAN, to knot ; also (as an adjec- 
 tive) knotted. 
 
 She had 
 
 Indeed locks bright enough to make me mad ; 
 And they were simply yordiarfd up and 
 braided. Keats, Endymion, Bk. I. 
 She was a yordian shape of dazzling hue. 
 Ibid., Lamia. 
 
 GORE is used rather peculiarly in 
 the extract = clotted mass. 
 
 From their foreheads to their shoes they 
 were in one gore of blood. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, i. 68. 
 
 GORGONIZE, to petrify as by the 
 glance of the Gorgon. 
 "What eies so Gorgoniz'd that can endure 
 To see the AU-vpholder forc'd to bow ? 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 15. 
 
 GORMAGON. The society of Gonna- 
 gons was one similar to that of Free- 
 masons : it was in existence from 1725- 
 38, when it was dissolved. See N. 
 and Q., V. vii. 152, and the extract 
 from Pope, s. v. GREGORIAN. 
 
 GOSLING. To shoe a goose or gosling 
 = to engage in a foolish or fruitless 
 task. See next extract, also N. and 
 Q., III. vii. 457. 
 
 As fit a sighte it were to see a goose shodde 
 
 or a sadled cowe, 
 As to hear the pratling of any soche Jack 
 
 Strawe. New Customs, I. i. (1573). 
 
 All this while, according to the old proverb, 
 I have bin shooing of aoslings ; I have spent 
 my labour and breath to little purpose. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 132. 
 
 "The smith that will meddle with all 
 things may go shoe the goslings," an old pro- 
 verb which, from its mixture of drollery and 
 good sense, became ever after a favourite of 
 mine. Miss Edgeworth, Lame Jervas, ch. iii. 
 
 GOSLING. The previous entry shows 
 that to shoe geese = to engage in a 
 foolish task ; hence perhaps the appli- 
 cation of the proverb as given by Put- 
 tenham to a woman's too easily moved 
 tears. The form of it used by Sir H. 
 Taylor is given in N., s. v. goose, from 
 WithaVs Diet., 1634 ; it will also be 
 found in BurtorisAnat. of Melancholy, 
 p. 494. 
 
 By the common prouerbe, a woman mil 
 weepe for pitie to see a gosling got barefoote. 
 Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. 
 xxiv. 
 
 Pity ! As great a pity to see a woman 
 weep as to see a gosling go barefoot. Taylor, 
 Virgin Widow, i. 3. 
 
 GOSPEL-SHOP, a Methodist chapel. 
 
 As soon as I had procured a lodging aud 
 work, my next enquiry was for Mr. "Wes- 
 ley's Gospel-shops. Life of J. Lackington, 
 Letter xix. 
 
 GOSSAN, yellow earth, just above a 
 vein of metal. 
 
 This gossan (as the Cornish call it) ... I 
 suspect to be not merely the matrix of the 
 ore, but also the very crude form and matcria 
 prima of all metals. Kingsley, Westvard Ho, 
 ch. xiii.
 
 GOTCH 
 
 ( 283 ) 
 
 GRAINER 
 
 GOTCH, a pitcher. 
 
 Once, passing by this very tree, 
 
 A yotch of milk I'd been to fill, 
 You shoulder'd me, then laugh'd to see 
 
 Me and my yotch spin down the hill. 
 
 JJloomfield, Richard and Kate. 
 
 GOTHIAN, a Goth. 
 
 Among their other worthy praises which 
 they have justly deserved, this had not been 
 the least, to be counted, among men of 
 learning and skill, more like unto the Gre- 
 cians than unto the Gothians in handling of 
 their verse. Ascham, Schoolmaster, p. 195. 
 
 GOTIRE, guitar. 
 
 Touch but thy lire, my Harrie, and I heare 
 From thee some raptures of the rare yotire. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 296. 
 
 GO-TO-MEETING, a slang expression 
 for best : usually applied to clothes, 
 such as people wear on a Sunday. 
 
 I want to give you a true picture of what 
 every-day school life was in my time, and not 
 a kid-glove and yo-to-meetiny-coat picture. 
 Hiujhes, Tom rown's School-Days, Pt. II. 
 ch. v. 
 
 Brave old world she is after all, and right 
 well made ; and looks right well to-day in 
 her go-to-meeting clothes. C. Kinysley, Two 
 Years Ago, ch. xiv. 
 
 GOUGER, one who gouges or stabs. 
 
 It is true there are gamblers and youyers 
 and outlaws. Flint, Recollections of the Mis- 
 sissippi, p. 176 (1826). 
 
 GOUL. H. gives this as a substantive 
 = gum of the eye : in the extract it is 
 a verb. 
 
 There is a kind of earthliness in the best 
 eye, whereby it is c/ouled up. p. Hall, 
 Works, vi. 317. 
 
 GOULAFRE (Fr. gouliafre), a greedy- 
 gut. 
 
 O howe all the substaunce of your Realme, 
 forthwith your swerde, power, crowne, dig- 
 nite, and obedience of your people, rynneth 
 hedlong ynto the insaeiabill whyrlepole of 
 these gredi youlafres to be swalowed and 
 devoured. Simon Fish, Supplication for the 
 Beyyars, p. 10. 
 
 GOURDER. a torrent. H. gives from 
 Elyot) 1559, " Aquilegium, a gourde of 
 water which commeth of rayne." The 
 extract is from N. and Q., I. i. 335 
 (see also pp. 356, 419). 
 
 Let the yourders of raiue come downe from 
 you and all other heretikes, let the floudes 
 of worldly rages thrust, let the windes of 
 Sathan's temptations blowe their worst, this 
 house shall not be ouerthrowen. Harding 
 against Jewel (Antw., 1565), p. 189. 
 
 GOWNESEPT is Stanyhurst's rendering 
 of gentem togatam. 
 
 [Juno] shal enter 
 In leage with Romans, and yownesept charelye 
 
 tender. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 269. 
 
 GOYAL. See extract. 
 
 "We were come to a long deep goyal, as they 
 call it on Exmoor, a word whose fountain and 
 origin I have nothing to do with. Only I 
 know that when little boys laughed at me at 
 Tiverton for talking about a goyal, a big boy 
 clouted them on the head, and said that it 
 was in Homer, and meant the hollow of the 
 hand. And another time a "Welshman told 
 me that it must be something like the thing 
 they call a pant in those parts. Still I know 
 what it means well enough, to wit, a long 
 trough among wild hills, falling towards the 
 plain country, rounded at the bottom per- 
 haps, and stiff more than steep at the sides 
 of it. Whether it be straight or crooked 
 makes no difference to it. Ulackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. iii. 
 
 GRACE-STROKE, finishing touch ; coup 
 de grace ; originally the merciful stroke 
 which put a wounded enemy or a tor- 
 tured prisoner out of his misery : the 
 dagger which did this was called the 
 misericorde ; hence grace - stroke, = 
 completion generally. 
 
 It was not without the greatest surprise in 
 the world that I heard from my lady your 
 mother your intentions led you to our neigh- 
 bouring kingdom of Scotland, to perfect and 
 give the grace-stroke to that very liberal edu- 
 cation you have so signally improved in 
 England. Scotland characterized,, 1701 (Harl. 
 Misc., vii. 377). 
 
 GRACY, full of teaching about grace ; 
 what would now be called " evangeli- 
 cal." 
 
 In the morning heard Mr. Jacomb at Lud- 
 gate upon these words, " Christ loved you, 
 and therefore let us love one another," and 
 made a yracy sermon like a Presbyterian. 
 Pepys, April 14, 1661. 
 
 GRADIONATELY, gradually. 
 
 To recount . . . how he came to be king of 
 fishes, and gradionately how from white to 
 red he changed, would require as massie a 
 toombe [tome] as Holliushead. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 167). 
 
 GRAFTLING, a little or tender graft. 
 In th' orchards at Monceaux or Blois 
 The Gardner's care over some Graftlings 
 
 choice, 
 
 The second year of their adoption there 
 Makes them as good and goodly fruits to 
 
 bear. Sylvester, St. Leu-is, 88. 
 
 GRAINER, garner. See GRANIER.
 
 GRAINS OF PARADISE ( 284 ) 
 
 GRAPH1ES 
 
 He wyll brynge the wheate into hys barne 
 or grayner. hale, Enterlude of Johan Bapt., 
 15-68 (Harl. Misc., i. 110). 
 
 GRAINS OF PARADISE, hot aromatic 
 seeds gathered on the Guinea coast, of 
 a cordial and stimulating quality. 
 
 Look at that rough o' a boy gaun out o' 
 the pawnshop, where he's been pledging the 
 handkerchief he stole this morning, into the 
 giushop, to buy beer poisoned wi' grains o 1 
 paradise and cocculus indicus. C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. viii. 
 
 GRAMMER, grandfather. I do not 
 know whether in the extract this word 
 is put by a slip of the pen or press for 
 gramfer, which is the provincial form 
 of grandfather given in H., and which 
 I have often heard. Grammer usually 
 = grandmother. 
 
 How different-looking the young ones are 
 from their fathers, and still more from their 
 grandfathers ! Look at those three or four 
 old (/rammers talking together there. For all 
 their being shrunk with age and weather, 
 you won't see such fine-grown men any- 
 where else rn this booth. C. Kingsley, Yeast, 
 ch. xiii. 
 
 GRANADIER. This word is in the 
 Diets., but the extract is an earlier 
 example than any there given, and 
 marks the introduction of the word. 
 
 Now were brought into service a new sort 
 of soldiers call'd Granadiers, who were 
 dextrous in flinging hand granados, every 
 one having a pouch full. Evelyn, Diary, 
 June 29, 1678. 
 
 GRAND, to make great. 
 But yet His justice to extenuate 
 To ground His grace is sacrilegious. 
 
 Dames, Summa Totalis, p. 6. 
 
 GRANDEZA, greatness ; honour. An 
 Italian and Spanish word used as Eng- 
 lish. 
 
 I can not denie but her dominions are 
 very spacious, that the Sunne never forsakes 
 her quite, perpetually shining in some part 
 or other above her hemisphere : a grandeza, 
 I confesse, that none of all the foure 
 monarchies could vaunt of. Hoicell, Do- 
 dona's Grove, p. 10. 
 
 He made semblance to be mightily taken 
 with it, saying that of all the grandezas he 
 had received since his coming to his royall 
 court, this surmounted all the rest. Ibid. 
 p. 101. 
 
 GRANDIOSE, grand, but rather with 
 the idea of pomposity connoted. See 
 extract s. v. BRONZIFY. "This word is 
 so much needed that its being a mal- 
 formation is the more to be deplored. 
 
 We took it from the French, before 
 whom, however, the Italians had 
 educed grandioso from grandis, a- 
 gainst all law " (Hall, Modern Eng- 
 lish, p. 289). 
 
 Mr. Urquiza entered first with a strut more 
 than VLSVLS\\J ^grandiose. De Quincey, Spanish 
 Nun, sect. xii. 
 
 This attenuated journal had ... an alder- 
 manic, portly, grandiose, Falstaffian title. 
 Lytton, Caxtom, Bk. X. ch. vi. 
 
 Hardly anything could seem more gran- 
 diose, or fitter to revive in the breasts of 
 men the memory of great dispensations by 
 which new strata had been laid in the history 
 of mankind. G. Eliot, Romola, ch. xxi. 
 
 GRAND-LEET, great assembly. 
 
 In the grand-leets and solemn elections of 
 magistrates, every man had not prerogative 
 alike. Holland, Livy, p. 25. 
 
 GRAND-MASTER, chamberlain. See 
 GREAT-MASTER. 
 
 God is the great Grand-master of the king's 
 house, and will take account of every one 
 that beareth rule therein. Latimer, i. 93. 
 
 GRAND-PANCH, a great-bellied fellow ; 
 a gourmand. 
 
 Our yrand-panches and riotous persons 
 haue deuised for themselues a delicat kind of 
 meat out of corn and grain. Holland, Pliny, 
 xix. 4. 
 
 GRANE, to strangle. 
 
 And off set John, with all his might, 
 
 To chase me down the yard, 
 Till I was nearly gran'd outright, 
 
 He hugg'd so woundy hard. 
 
 Bloomjfreld, The Horkcy. 
 
 GRANIER, garner. See GRAINER. 
 That other, if he in his Granier stores 
 What ever hath beene swept from Lybian 
 
 flores. Heath's Horace, Ode I. 
 
 GRANTLAND, Greenland. 
 Vast Grantland, compassed with the 
 frozen sea. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, I. i. 
 
 GRAPELET, a little grape. 
 
 I hold 
 Thy small head in my hand with its grape- 
 
 lets of gold 
 Growing bright through my fingers. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Rhapsody of Life's 
 Progress. 
 
 GRAPKRY, grape-house. 
 
 She led the way to a little conservatory. 
 and a little pinery, and a little grapery, and 
 a little aviary. Miss Edyeirorth, Absentee, 
 ch. vi. 
 
 GRAPHTES, studies such as 
 biography, clwlcography, &c. 
 ISM'S, OLOOIES. 
 
 Of.
 
 GRASPINGNESS ( 285 ) 
 
 GRAVE 
 
 Verbs, graphics, and, climax of intellectual 
 misery, the multiplication table. L. E. Lon- 
 don (Life by Blanchard, i. 49). 
 
 GBASPINGNESS, rapacity ; covetous- 
 ness. 
 
 To take all that good-nature, or indulgence, 
 or good opinion confers shews a want of 
 moderation, and a graspingness that is un- 
 worthy of that indulgence. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, i. 137. 
 
 GRASPLESS, relaxed ; not grasping. 
 
 From my graspless hand 
 Drop friendship's precious pearls, like hour- 
 glass sand. Coleridge, On a Friend. 
 
 GRASS, to bury in the grass ; also to 
 land a fish (on the grass). 
 
 One arrow must be shot after another, 
 though both be grast, and never found again. 
 Socket, Life of Williams, ii. 20. 
 
 "We'll away to Snowdon 
 
 For our ten days' sport, 
 
 Fish the August evening, 
 
 Till the eve is past, 
 
 Whoop like boys at pounders 
 
 Fairly played aud grassed. 
 
 C. Kingsley, 1856. 
 
 Who amongst you, dear readers, can appre- 
 ciate the intense delight of grassing your 
 first big fish after a nine months' fast? 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 GRASS. To give grass = to yield ; 
 it was an ancient form by which a con- 
 quered people yielded their soil to the 
 victor. See Pliny, Nat. Hist., Bk. 
 XXII. cap. iv. 
 
 Speak, ye attentive swains that heard me late, 
 Needs me give grass unto the conquerors ? 
 
 Hall, Defiance to Envy, prefixed to 
 Satires. 
 
 GRASS. To let no grass grow under 
 ones foot = to make haste, not to 
 loiter. 
 
 There hath grown no grasse on my heele 
 since I went hence. Udal, Roister Doister, 
 Hi. 3. 
 Maistresse, since I went no grasse hath growne 
 
 on my hele, 
 But maister Tristram Trustie here maketh 
 
 no speede. Ibid. iv. 5. 
 
 Mr. Tulkinghoru . . is so good as to act as 
 my solicitor, and grass don't grow under his 
 feet, I can tell ye. Dickens, Bleak House, 
 ch. xxxiii. 
 
 GRASS. To pluck grass. See quot- 
 ation. 
 
 No man could pluck the grass better to 
 know where the wind sat ; no man could 
 spie sooner from whence a mischief did rise. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 16. 
 
 GRASSANT, in progress ; in full swing. 
 Latin, grassari. 
 
 Those innovations aud mischiefs which 
 are now grassant in England. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 183. 
 
 Prejudices, as epidemical diseases, are 
 grassant. North, Examen, p. 131. 
 
 Can it be believed that a people ever were 
 willing or consented that thieves, malefac- 
 tors, and cheats everywhere grassant should 
 have liberty to ravage and destroy at their 
 pleasure 'i Ibid. p. 339. 
 
 GRATIOBO, a favourite ; in Spanish = 
 a buffoon. 
 
 The Lord Marquess of Buckingham, then 
 a great Gratioso, was put on by the Prince 
 to ask the King's liking to this amourous 
 adventure. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 114. 
 
 Our excellent Camden shifts in this an- 
 swer for Queen Elizabeth's sake, whose 
 affections were so strong to Robert. Earl of 
 Leicester, that he knew not whether it were 
 a synastria, a star which reigned at both 
 their births, that made him a Gratioso to so 
 brave a lady. Ibid. ii. 195. 
 
 At length the Gracioso presented himself 
 to open the scene. He was saluted on his 
 first appearance with a general clap, by which 
 I perceived that he was one of those spoiled 
 actors in whom the pit pardons everything. 
 Gil Bias, transl. by Smollet, Bk. VII. ch. vi. 
 
 GRATDLANCE, pecuniary compliment 
 or gratification ; a fee or bribe. 
 Come, there is 
 Some odd disburse, some bribe, some gratu- 
 
 lance, 
 Which makes you lock up leisure. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act V. 
 
 GRATTJLANT, congratulating. 
 The white-robed multitude of slaughtered 
 
 saints 
 
 At Heaven's wide-opened portals gratulant 
 Receive some martyred Patriot. 
 
 Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 GRAUNDCIES. The editor of the 
 ffarl. Misc. suggests that this word is 
 the same as craunces, used a little lower 
 down in the same passage. See N. s. v. 
 GRANTS. 
 
 Such brooches, such bracelets, such graund- 
 cies ... as hath almost made Euglande as 
 full of proud foppries as Tyre and Sidon 
 were. Greene, Quip for Upstart Courtier 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 419). 
 
 GRAVAMENTS, representations, grava- 
 mina. 
 
 Mr. Novell shall deliver to you a bill of 
 the gravaments of two or three of the fellows 
 most given to good letters. Latimer to 
 Cromwell, 1537 (Remains, p. 378). 
 
 GRAVE " signifieth but an Enrle: 
 but here it is vsurped for the chief
 
 GRA VE 
 
 ( 286 ) 
 
 GRECIAN 
 
 captain Josuah " (marginal note in 
 Sylvester). N. has the word, but only 
 in connection with Maurice of Nassau, 
 concerning whom, in addition to what 
 is stated there, see Howell, Letters, I. 
 iv. 15. 
 "When with the rest of all his hoast, the 
 
 Grave 
 
 Marcheth amain to giue the town a braue, 
 They straight re-charge him. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 362. 
 
 GRAVE. An involuntary shudder or 
 shiver without apparent cause is popu- 
 larly said to be caused by some one's 
 walking over the grave (i. e., I suppose,' 
 the ground that will hereafter form the 
 grave) of the person so affected. 
 
 Miss (shuddering). Lord, there's somebody 
 walking over my grave. Sunft, Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv. i.). 
 
 Sometimes somebody would walk over my 
 grave, and give me a creeping in the back, 
 which, as far as I can find out, proceeded 
 from not having my braces properly buttoned 
 behind. H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. 
 xxxi. 
 
 GRAVE- FELLOW, the sharer of a grave. 
 
 In Scripture we only meet with one Post- 
 hume - Miracle, viz., the Grave -fellow of 
 Elisha raised with the touch of his bones. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Bucks (i. 135). 
 
 GRAVEL. To gravel up = to choke 
 up with gravel. 
 
 O thou, the fountain of whose better part 
 Is earth'd and gravell'd vp with vain desire. 
 Quarles, Emblems, i. 7. 
 
 GRAVELLED, stranded : now only used 
 figuratively. See Trench, Select Glos- 
 sary, 8. v. 
 
 So long he drinks, till the black caravell 
 Stands still fast gravelled on the mud of hell. 
 Hall, Satires, III. vi. 14. 
 
 GBAVE-MAN, sexton. 
 The bold grave-man at the meeting 
 Gave the rude clown so sound a beating, 
 That he forsook his hop'd-for bride, 
 While with his spade the conq'ror plied, 
 Stroke after stroke, the seat of shame, 
 "Which blushing Muses never name. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. 2. 
 
 GRAVEPORER, one who pores or medi- 
 tates on his grave, as having one foot 
 in it already (?). Stanyhurst (jEn., iv. 
 641) calls Anchises ^Eneas's " bed red 
 graueporer old syre." The original is 
 confectum estate. 
 
 GRAVET, a grave person ; one of 
 weight ; pietate gravem. 
 
 In this blooddye riot they soomgrauet haplye 
 
 beholding 
 Of geason pifctee, doo throng and greedelye 
 
 listen. Stanyhurst, JZn,, i. 159. 
 
 GRAY, to make gray. 
 
 Thou hast ploughed 
 
 Upon my face, canst thou undo a wrinkle, 
 Or change but the complexion of one hair ? 
 Yet thou hast aray'd a thousand. 
 
 Shirley, Bird in a Cage, Act V. 
 
 GREASE. To melt his grease = to 
 perspire, to lose flesh, and so to pine 
 away. Cotton (Burlesque upon Bur- 
 lesque, p. 287) has ''melt my suet" 
 with the same meaning. 
 
 The adventurous Earl Henry of Oxford, 
 seeming to tax the Prince of Orange of 
 slackness to fight, was set upon a desperate 
 work, where he melted his grease, and so, being 
 carry 'd to the Hague, he died also. Howell, 
 Letters, I. iv. 15. 
 
 The day was exceedingly hot, and as the 
 hungry hunters followed the chase with great 
 ardour, Kubio ; s horse was overheated, aud, as 
 the phrase was, melted his grease. Soutliey, 
 The Doctor, ch. cxliv. 
 
 GREAT, to aggrandise. 
 O base ambition ! This false politick, 
 Plotting to great himself, our deaths doth 
 
 seek. Sylvester, The Lawe, 639. 
 
 GREAT GO, the final examination at 
 the University : the modern term is 
 " greats." 
 
 At school they never flogg'd him, 
 
 At college, though not fast, 
 Yet his little go and great go 
 He creditably pass'd. 
 
 Thackeray, King of Brentford's 
 Testament. 
 
 GREAT - MASTER, chamberlain. See 
 GRAND-MASTER. 
 
 I was very much troubled, even this time 
 twelvemonth, when I was in commission 
 with my Lord Great Master and the Earl of 
 Southampton, for altering the Court of Aug- 
 mentations. Gardiner to Duke of Somerset, 
 1547. 
 
 GREATS, the final University examin- 
 ation, or great go (slang). See extract 
 s. v. SMALLS. 
 
 GRECIAN, a gay fellow. " Merry as 
 a Greek," was a proverb which has 
 been corrupted into " merry as a grig.' 1 
 
 Amongst the horsemen whose curiosity had 
 drawn them to hear Wildgoose was a well- 
 booted Ch-ecian in a fustian frock and jockey 
 cap. Graves Spiritual Quixote, Bk. XI. 
 ch. xiv.
 
 GREDAL1NE 
 
 ( 287 ) 
 
 GREGS 
 
 GREDALINE, some sort of stuff. (?). 
 
 His love, Lord help us ! fades like my 
 gredaline petticoat. Killiyreic, Parson's 
 Wedding, ii. 4. 
 
 GREE, favour. The word is illustrated 
 in the Diets., but the following is a 
 comparatively late instance of its use. 
 
 History . . . (after the partial yree of the 
 late authors) has been to all good purposes 
 silent of him. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 6. 
 
 GREEK. R., after noticing what N. 
 says as to this word = boon companion, 
 adds, "Latterly a Greek has been applied 
 to a character of less openness ; not to 
 a bon vivant, but to a gambler." " Lat- 
 terly " is a vague term, but it was cer- 
 tainly so used in 1528. 
 
 In carde playinge he is a goode greke 
 
 And can skyll of post and glyeke, 
 Also a payre of dyce to trolle. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and be nott 
 icrothe, p. 117. 
 
 He was an adventurer, a pauper, a black- 
 leg, a regular Greek. Thackeray, Newcomes, 
 ch. xxxvi. 
 
 GREEK, to imitate the Greeks ; grce- 
 cari (ffor. Sat., II. ii. 11). The 
 fashion referred to is that of emptying 
 as many cups of wine as there were 
 letters in the name of the reveller's 
 mistress. 
 
 Those were prouerbially said to Greeke it 
 that quaft in that fashion. Sandys, Travels, 
 p. 79. 
 
 GREEN. This epithet is by metonymy 
 applied to the flame that issues from 
 green wood. 
 
 For this humour beinge enkindled and sette 
 on heate, maye well bee lykened to greene 
 flame or as wet woode, which sendeth out 
 nothing but stoare of thick moyst smoak. 
 Touchstone of Complexions, p. 117. 
 
 GREENERY, foliage ; shrubbery. 
 And here were forests ancient as the hills, 
 Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. 
 
 Coleridge, Kubla Khan. 
 Oh, the blessed woods of Sussex ! I can hear 
 
 them still around me, 
 With their leafy tide of greenery still rippling 
 
 up the wind. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Lady Geraldine. 
 
 The Archery Hall, with an arcade in front, 
 showed like a white temple against the 
 greenery on the northern side. G. Eliot, 
 Deronda, ch. x. 
 
 GREEN-FISH, cod. 
 
 A peece of Greene-fish with sorrell sauce 
 is no mean seruice in an ale-house. Breton, 
 Wit's Trenchmour, p. 10. 
 
 GREENIES, freshmen: the University 
 spoken of is that of Leyden. 
 
 It would not be convenient for me to enter 
 minutely . . . into the course of our student's 
 life from the time when he was entered 
 among the Greeniesof this famous university, 
 nor to describe the ceremonies which were 
 used at his ungreening. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. 1. 
 
 GREENLESS, not green. 
 But Beauty Gracelesse is a Saillesse Bark, 
 A greenlesse Spring, a goodly lightk-s.se 
 Room. 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st. 25. 
 
 GREEN RUSHES, a salutation to a per- 
 son whom the speaker had not seen for 
 a long time. When guests were ex- 
 pected fresh green rushes were strewed 
 on the floor, before carpets came into 
 use. Hence green rushes = You are 
 quite a stranger, and must be so treated. 
 
 Indeede, Doron, you saye well, it is long 
 since wee met; . . . when you come you shall 
 haue greene rushes, you are such a straunger. 
 Greene, Menaphon, p. 85. 
 
 Greene rushes! M. Francisco, it is a won- 
 der to see you heere in this country. Breton, 
 Merry Wonders, p. 5. 
 
 GREENTH, greenness. See BLTJETH. 
 
 I found my garden brown and bare, but 
 these rains have recovered the greenth. 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 304 (1753). 
 
 Neatness and greenth are . . . essential in 
 my opinion to the country. Ibid. iii. 320 
 (1769). 
 
 GREGARY, ordinary; belonging to the 
 qrex (?), or congregational (?). Hall 
 is extolling the martyrs, &c. of the 
 English Church in comparison with 
 sectaries. 
 
 Men that gave their blood for the Gospel, 
 and embraced their fagots flaming, which 
 many grec/ary professors held enough to 
 carry cold and painless. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 x. 270. 
 
 GREGORIAN. The Gregorians were a 
 society similar to the Freemasons. See 
 N. and Q., II. vi. 273. 
 Nor pass'd the meanest unregarded ; one 
 Rose a Gregorian, one a Gormagon. 
 
 Pope, Dunciad, iv. 576. 
 There is scarce an individual, whether 
 noble or plebeian, who does not belong to 
 one of these associations, which may be 
 compared to the free masons, gregoreans, and 
 antigallicans of England. Smollett, France 
 and Italy, Letter xxvii. 
 
 GREGS, narrow breeches or tights. 
 H. eays "wide, loose breeches," but
 
 GREMIAL 
 
 ( '88 ) 
 
 GRIPOLOUS 
 
 the subjoined quotation does not agree 
 with this. 
 
 His breeches . . . were not deep and large 
 enough, but round strait canuioned greys, 
 having in the seat a piece like a keeling's 
 tail, and therefore in French called de chausses 
 a queue de merlus. Uryuhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 II. ch. vi. 
 
 GREMIAL, one who resides in the 
 bosom (gremio) of the University. 
 
 A great Prelate in the Church did bear 
 him no great good-will for mutual animosities 
 betwixt them, whilest Gremials in the Uni- 
 versity. Fuller, Worthies, Kent (i. 509). 
 
 These things made him always cast a fa- 
 vourable aspect upon the universities, . . . 
 which the governors and the rest of the 
 qremials very well knew. Strype, Cranmer, 
 Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 GREY-HOUND. The two following 
 derivations of this word are worth 
 preserving as curiosities. The first is 
 from a Treatise on Eng. Dogs, by Dr. 
 Caius, written in Latin, 1536, and trans- 
 lated by A. Fleming, 1576. 
 
 The Greyhound, called Leporarius, hath 
 his name of this word Gre, which word 
 soundeth Gradus in Latin, in English degree. 
 Because among all dogs they are the most 
 principal, occupying the chief place ; and 
 being simply and absolutely the best of the 
 gentle kind of hounds. Eng. Garner, iii. 264. 
 
 I have no more to observe of these Grey- 
 hounds, save that they are so called (being 
 otherwise of all colours) because originally 
 imployed in the huntjng of Grays ; that is, 
 Brocks or Badgers. Fuller, Worthies (Lin- 
 coln, ii. 4). 
 
 GRIEF. To come to grief = to fail, 
 die, meet with misfortune, &c. 
 
 As for cominy to grief, old boy, we're on a 
 good errand, I suppose, and the devil him- 
 self can't harm us. C. Kinysley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. xxi. 
 
 GRIEFFULL, grievous ; melancholy. 
 This word occurs in the Faerie Queen, 
 VI. viii. 40. N. adds, ' Church says, 
 ' This, if I mistake not, is a compound 
 word of his own.' He did mistake, for 
 it is used by other writers as early," 
 and he quotes two passages from Sack- 
 villes Ferrex and Porrex ; but the sub- 
 joined is older stiil by about a quarter 
 of a century. 
 
 Soche pushes in the visages of men are 
 angrie things and yrefful. Udafs Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 79. 
 
 GRIEFLY, indicative of grief. 
 With dayly diligence and yriefly groans he 
 wan her affection. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 154. 
 
 GRIEVMENT, injury : a word perhaps 
 invented for the rhyme. 
 His battels won and great atchievments, 
 Wounds, bruises, bangs, and other grievments. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 cant. i. p. 90. 
 
 GRIFFIN, freshman in Indian service. 
 
 Pig-sticking is pretty very pretty, I may 
 say, if you have two or three of the right 
 sort with you: all the Ginfins ought to 
 hunt together though. H. Kinysley, Geoffry 
 Hamlyn, ch. xxviii. 
 
 GRIFFINISH, griffin-like ; fierce. 
 For me, thro' heathen ignorance perchance, 
 Not having knelt in Palestine, I feel 
 None of that yriffinish excess of zeal, 
 Some travellers would blaze with here in 
 
 France. Hood, Ode to Rae Wilson. 
 
 GRILL, a gridiron. 
 
 They have wood so hard that they cleave 
 it into swords, and make grills of it to broil 
 their meat. Cotton's Montaigne, ch. xxiv. 
 
 GRILLATALPA, mole-cricket. 
 
 Bats shrieked, and grillatalpas joined the 
 sound. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 44. 
 
 GRIM, to make grim. 
 
 Bailly and his Feuillants, long waning like 
 the moon, had to withdraw then, making 
 some sorrowful obeisance, into extinction, 
 or indeed into worse, into lurid half-light, 
 grimmed by the shadow of that Red Flag of 
 theirs. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 GRIND, hard work (slang). 
 
 We lost him [the fox] after sunset, after 
 the fiercest grind I have had this nine years. 
 C. Kinysley, 1852 (Life, i. 275). 
 
 GRINDER, a private tutor ; a coach : 
 usually applied to one who crams pupils 
 for a particular examination. 
 
 Put him into the hands of a clever grinder 
 or crammer, and they would soon cram the 
 necessary portion of Latin and Greek into 
 him. Miss Edyeworth, Patronage, ch. iii. 
 
 GRIPE, a drain. L. has grip in this 
 sense, with a quotation which speaks 
 of it as a Scotch word. 
 
 Up and down in that meadow for an hour 
 or more did Tom and the trembling youth 
 beat like a brace of pointer dogs, stumbling 
 into gnpes and over sleeping cows. C. 
 Kinysley, Tico Years Ago, ch. xxv. 
 
 GRIPOLOUS, grasping ; avaricious. 
 
 The labourer's hire cries in the gripolous 
 landlord's hand. Adams, i. 213. 
 
 What cosmopolite ever grasped so much 
 wealth in his yripulous fist as to sing to him- 
 self a Sufficit ?Hnd. i. 434.
 
 GUIPPINGNESS ( 289 ) 
 
 GROPPLE 
 
 GRIPPINGNESS, avarice. Bp. Hall has 
 grippleness. 
 
 One with an open-handed freedom spends 
 all he lays his fingers on ; another with a 
 logick - fisted grippingness catches at and 
 grasps all he can come within the reach of. 
 Rennet's Erasmus, f raise of Folly, p. 87. 
 
 X GRIT, an American expression = sub- 
 stance, pluck, staying-power, or the 
 like. 
 
 What a lovely girl she is ! and a real lady 
 Vair noble the real genuine grit, as Sam 
 Slick says, and no mistake. C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. vi. 
 
 Come and see the fighting, . . . and tell 
 people what it's all really like. . . Come 
 and give us the real genuine grit of it, for 
 if you can't, who can? H. Kingsley, Two 
 Years Ago, ch. xxiv. 
 
 They came to a rising ground, not sharp, 
 but long ; and here youth, and grit, and sober 
 living told more than ever. Reade, Cloister 
 and Hearth, ch. xxi. 
 
 GRIZEL, a meek woman, from the 
 well-known story of Griselda. Tlie 
 word in extract is not printed^with a 
 capital letter. 
 
 He had married five shrews in succession, 
 and made grizels of every one of them before 
 they died. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 15. 
 
 GRIZZLE, a species of wig. 
 Emerg'd from his grizzle, th' unfortunate 
 
 prig 
 Seems as if he was hunting all night for his 
 
 wig. Anstey, New Bath Guide, Letter xi. 
 
 Even our clergy when abroad moult their 
 feather'd grizzles, cast off their pudding- 
 sleeves, and put on white stockings, long 
 swords, and bag-wigs. Colman, The Spleen, 
 Act II. 
 
 GROAT. Grey groat is used for 
 something of no value, a brass farthing 
 as we now say. 
 
 I'll not leave him worth a grey groat. 
 
 Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4. 
 
 " It will be nonsense fining me," said An- 
 drew, doughtily, "that hasna a grey groat 
 to pay a fine wi' it's ill taking the breeks 
 aff a Hielandman." Scott, Rob Roy, ii. 146. 
 
 GROBIAN, a sloven. 
 
 Let them be never so clownish, rude and 
 horrid, Grolians and sluts, if once they be in 
 love, they will be most neat and spruce. 
 Burton, Anatomy, p. 530. 
 
 Be sure that he who is a Grobian in his 
 own company will sooner or later become a 
 Grobian in that of his friends. C. Kingsley, 
 Westward Ho, ch. ii. 
 
 GROCERLY, belonging to the grocery 
 trade. 
 
 Yet never since Scandal drank bohea, 
 Or sloe, or whatever it happen'd to be, 
 For some grocerly thieves 
 Turn over new leaves, 
 Without much amending their lives or their 
 
 tea; 
 
 No, never since cup was fill'd or stirr'd 
 Were such vile and horrible anecdotes heard. 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 GROG, to make into grog; to mix 
 water with spirits. 
 
 The Excise authorities found in a vault 
 135 empty spirit casks and 23 casks contain- 
 ing weak spirit or grog. It was set forth 
 for the prosecution that the defendants had 
 "yrogyed " the casks by putting in hot water, 
 and thereby had extracted 15 gallons of proof 
 spirit on which duty had not been paid. In 
 defence it was admitted that the casks had 
 been "grogged," but it was urged that the 
 defendants were not spirit dealers, and that 
 when duty was paid upon the whisky as it 
 left the bonded warehouse, those who bought 
 it could do with it what they pleased. 
 Lincoln, Rutland, and Stamford Mercury, 
 March 8, 1878. 
 
 GROGGY, shaky ; unsteady on the 
 legs ; confused. 
 
 He turned and gazed at Dolphin with the 
 scrutinising eye of a veterinary surgeon. 
 " I'll be shot if he is not groggy" said the 
 Baron. Ingoldsby Legends (Grey Dolphin). 
 
 " Since his last attack," Barnes used to 
 say, " my poor old governor is exceedingly 
 shaky, very groggy about the head." Thack- 
 eray, JVewcomes, ch. xxix. 
 
 GROIN, lust. 
 
 They set the sign of the Cross over their 
 outer doors, and sacrifice to their gut and 
 their groin in their inner closets. B. Jonson, 
 Discoveries (Impostura). 
 
 GROMET. Those who were employed 
 in servile offices on board ship, waiting 
 on the seamen, &c., were called grum- 
 metts : from Low Latin gromettus, the 
 original of our groom. In Sussex an 
 awkward boy is called a grummut. 
 See Parish's Sussex Dialect; also N. and 
 Q., I. i. 337, 358, where the following 
 is quoted from Jeakes' Charters of the 
 Cinque Ports, under date 1229. 
 
 Servicia inde debita domino regi xxi naves, 
 et in qualibet nave xxi homines, cum uno gar- 
 done qui dicitur gromet. 
 
 GROOMLESS, without a groom. 
 
 St. Aldegonde . . was lounging about on 
 a rough Scandinavian cob, as dishevelled 
 as himself, listless and (/roomless. Disraeli, 
 Lothair, ch. xxviii. 
 
 GROPPLE, to grope.
 
 GROSSFULL 
 
 ( 290 ) 
 
 GRUB-PEGASUS 
 
 The boys . . . had gone off to the brook 
 to "grapple" in the brook for cray-fish. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxx. 
 
 GROSSFULL, gross. 
 
 Let me heare 
 
 My grossest faults as grosse-full as they were. 
 Chapman, Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois, i. 2. 
 
 GROSSIE, gross. 
 
 "Wild-foule being more dainty and digest- 
 able than Tame of the same kind, as spend- 
 ing their grossie humours with their activity 
 and constant motion in flying. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Lincoln (ii. 2). 
 
 GROUD, troubled (?) See H. s. v. 
 GROW. 
 
 Asses and such like beasts that can not 
 stale or be groud and wrong in the bellie. 
 Holland, Pliny, xx. 6. 
 
 GROUND. To set on ground = to dis- 
 comfit, to floor, to gravel. 
 
 The Pharisees and Sadducees had no 
 further end but to set Him on ground, and 
 so to expose Him to the contempt of the 
 people. Andrewes, v. 127. 
 
 GROUND-FAST, sunk in the ground. 
 In Yorkshire they kneel on a ground-fast 
 stone and say 
 
 All hail to the moon, all hail to thee, 
 I prithee, good moon, reveal to me 
 This night who my husband shall be. 
 Defoe, Duncan Campbell, Introduction. 
 
 GROUNDSILL, to put down a thresh- 
 old. 
 
 The milder glances sparkled on the ground, 
 And yroundsttFd every door with diamond. 
 Quarles, Emblems, v. 14. 
 
 GROUPLET, little group. 
 
 This multitudinous French people, so long 
 simmering and buzzing in eager expectancy, 
 begins heaping and shaping itself into or- 
 ganic groups, which organic groups again 
 hold smaller organic grouplets. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Eev., Pt. I. Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 GROUTHEAD. H. says, "stupidly 
 noisy (Sussex) ; also large or great- 
 headed, stupid." We associate a large 
 head with intellect, but perhaps the idea 
 is not of length, as a long-headed man, 
 or breadth, as in a broad forehead, but 
 thickness blockheaded. The term 
 occurs in the volley of abuse poured 
 upon Gargantua's people by the cake- 
 bakers of Lerne. It is difficult to say 
 which of the two meanings given by 
 H. it bears in that place, nor does the 
 original help us to determine ; for, in 
 this as in several other places, Urqu- 
 hart in his translation has added con- 
 
 siderably to the already copious vocabu- 
 lary of Eabelais. Probably, however, 
 it means stupidly noisy, being asso- 
 ciated with gnatsnapper (see quotation 
 s. v.). 
 
 GROUZE, devour noisily : still in use 
 in Lincolnshire. 
 
 Like swine under the oaks, we grouze up 
 the akecorns, and snouk about for more, and 
 eat them too ; and when we have done, lie 
 wrouting and thrusting our noses in the 
 earth for more, but never lift up so much as 
 half an eye to the tree that shed them. 
 /Sanderson, iii. 187. 
 
 GROVECROP, a grove : lucus is the 
 word in the original. 
 
 In town's myd center theare sprouted a 
 groavecrop. Stanyhurst, jEn., i. 424. 
 
 GROWL seems in the extract = to 
 crawl. See CRAWL. 
 
 He died of lice continually growling out of 
 his fleshe, as Scylla and Herode did. UdaVs 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 178. 
 
 GROWLER, a cant name for a four- 
 wheel cab. It will be seen that Udal 
 uses growl = to craw r l ; this, however, 
 is probably not the origin of the name ; 
 it may perhaps refer to the creaking 
 noise made by an ill-built vehicle, or to 
 the murmurs of those inside evoked by 
 the slowness of their progress. 
 
 The London four-wheeled Cab, as actually 
 existing, is one of the worst public vehicles 
 in Europe ; and though, by a process of ex- 
 tremely natural selection, the so - called 
 " Growler" is gradually disappearing before 
 the more genial Hansom, yet there are grave 
 objections to urge against the Hansom itself. 
 The four-wheeler, meanwhile, may already 
 be looked upon as doomed beyond all chance 
 of redemption. Standard, Nov. 7, 1879. 
 
 GROYL, to growl ; in the second ex- 
 tract = growler or mutterer. The 
 Diets, give no example of growl earlier 
 than Pope and Gay. 
 
 His tusk grimlye gnashing, in seas far 
 waltred he groyleth. Stanyhurst, ^En., iii. 
 678. 
 
 Fame the groyl vngeutil then whom none 
 swifter is extant. Ibid., JEn., iv. 179. 
 
 GRUBBY, dirty. 
 
 They look'd so ugly in their sable hides ; 
 
 So dark, so dingy, like a grubby lot 
 Of sooty sweeps or colliers, 
 
 Hood, A Black Job. 
 
 GRUB-PEGASUS. Grub Street was the 
 abode of poor authors, and has become 
 a recognized word in the language ap-
 
 GRUDGMENT 
 
 GR YPHE 
 
 plied to literary performances of in- 
 ferior character. Swift, in the Intro- 
 duction to his Tale of a Tub, coins the 
 adjective Grubcean. 
 
 Nor could I mount my Pad for a Day's 
 journey, but strait some paultry poet, astride 
 his Grub-Pegasus, wrote at me, or rode, and 
 sent his Hue and Cry after me. Dr. Sicift's 
 Real Diary, Dedic. (1715). 
 
 GRUDGMENT, discontent. 
 
 This, see, which at my breast I wear, 
 Ever did (rather to Jacynth's yrudyment), 
 And ever shall, till the Day of Judgment. 
 Browning, Flight of the Duchess. 
 
 GRUEL. One who is killed or other- 
 wise punished is said to have got his 
 gruel (slang). 
 
 He gathered in general that they expressed 
 great indignation agaiust some individual. 
 " He shall have his gruel" said one. Scott, 
 Guy Manneriny, i. 287. 
 
 He refused, and harsh language ensued, 
 
 "Which ended at length in a duel, 
 "When he that was mildest in mood 
 Gave the truculent rascal his gruel. 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Sales in the Wood). 
 
 GRUELLED, done; exhausted (slang). 
 
 Wadham ran up by the side of that first 
 Trinity yesterday, and he said that they 
 were as well gruelled as so many posters 
 before they got to the stile. C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xii. 
 
 GRUELLER, a thing hard to get over; 
 a floorer or graveller (slang). 
 
 This 25 of his is a grueller, and I learnt 
 with interest that you are inclined to get the 
 fish's nose out of the weed. I have offered 
 to lend him 10. C. Kinqsley, Letter, May, 
 1856. 
 
 GRUESOME, terrible ; also terrified ; 
 shuddering. Awful and fearful have 
 the same twofold meaning. 
 
 What's in the Times? A scold 
 At the Emperor deep and cold ; 
 He has taken a bride 
 To his gruesome side 
 That's as fair as himself is bold. 
 
 Browning, A Lovers' Quarrel. 
 Nature's equinoctial night-wrath is weird, 
 grewsome, crushing. C. Kingsley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. iii. 
 
 These trees, and pools, and lonesome rocks, 
 and setting of the sunlight, are making a 
 gruesome coward of thee. Ulackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. vii. 
 
 GRUFFISH, rather gruff. See extract 
 from Colman s. v. BAKER-KNEED. 
 
 "How do you do?" said a short, elderly 
 gentleman with a grujfish voice. Sketches by 
 oz ( Watkins Tattle). 
 
 GRUFT, to begrime. 
 
 An' 'is nb'ase sa grufted wi' snuff es it 
 couldn't be scroob'd awaay. Tennyson, Vil- 
 lage Wife. 
 
 GRUMBLES, grime ; dirt. 
 
 "When these come once to stirring, and 
 trouble overtaketh them, as sooner or later 
 they must look for it, then the grumbles and 
 mud of their impatience and discontent be- 
 ginneth to appear, and becometh unsavoury 
 both to God and man. Sanderson, i. 150. 
 
 GRUMBLETONIAN, grumbler ; scolder. 
 
 Father-in-law has been calling me whelp 
 and hound this half year. Now, if I pleased, 
 I could be so revenged upon the old grumble- 
 tonian. Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, 
 Act I. 
 
 GRUMBOL, a term of reproach ; grum 
 = surly. 
 
 Come, grumlol, thou shalt mum with us ; 
 come, dog me, sneaksbill. Dekker, Satiro- 
 mastix (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., iii. 174). 
 
 GRUMNESS, sourness. 
 
 "Well, Jack, by thy long absence from the 
 town, the grumness of thy countenance, and 
 the slovenliness of thy habit, I should give 
 thee joy, should I not, of marriage? Wych- 
 erley, Country Wife, I. i. 
 
 GRUMPISH, cross : grumpy is more 
 common. 
 
 If you blubber or look grumpish, I'll have 
 you strapped ten times over. Mrs. Trollope, 
 Michael Armstrong, ch. vi. 
 
 GRUNTER, a pig. The first quotation 
 is part of a song full of gipsy cant 
 words, but Scott and Tennyson use 
 gntnter as an ordinary term for a pig. 
 Here's grunter and bleater, with tib of the 
 
 buttery, 
 And Margery Prater, all dress'd without 
 
 sluttery. Bromne, A Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 A sort of lurcher, half mastiff, half grey- 
 hound, . . ran limping about as if with the 
 purpose of seconding his master in collecting 
 the refractory grunters. Scott, Ivanhoe, i. 12. 
 
 A draggled mawkin thou, 
 That tends her bristled grunters in the sludge 
 Tennyson, Princess, v. 
 
 GRUTNOL, a term of abuse ; a great 
 noil or head; a blockhead. See GROUT- 
 HEAD. 
 
 Noddy meacocks, blockish grutnols, doddi- 
 pol-joltheads. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 GRYPHE, hieroglyph (?) 
 
 He appeals also to the laws of the land, 
 
 that if such letters had come to him like 
 
 Merlin's rhimes and Rosicrucian bumbast, 
 
 that no law or practice directs the subject to 
 
 U 2
 
 GRYPHONESQUE ( 292 ) GUILLOTINEMENT 
 
 bring such gryphes and oracles, but plain, 
 literal, grammatical notions of libels, to a 
 justice of peace, against a known and clearly 
 decipher'd magistrate. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, ii. 132. 
 
 GRYPHONESQUE, griffin-like. 
 
 Blanche had just one of those faces that 
 might become very lovely in youth, and 
 would yet quite justify the suspicion that 
 it might become yryphonesque, witrh-like, and 
 grim. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XVIII. ch. iii. 
 
 GUARD. De Quincey says in a note, 
 " I know not whether the word is a 
 local one in this sense. What I mean 
 is a sort of fender, four or five feet 
 high, which locks up the fire from too 
 near an approach on the part of chil- 
 dren." The word is, I think, common 
 all over England, and also designates 
 the much smaller and slighter protec- 
 tions used for fires in drawing-rooms, 
 &c. 
 
 My three sisters with myself sat by the 
 firelight round the guard of our nursery. 
 l)e (Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 13. 
 
 GUBBAHAWN. 
 
 When you can't catch salmon, you catch 
 trout, and when you can't catch trout, you'll 
 whip on the shallow for poor little yulla- 
 hawns. C.Kingsley, Two Years Ayo,ch. xiii. 
 
 GUBBE, lump ; same as gob, q. v. in L. 
 
 A bodie thinketh hymself well emended 
 in his substaunce and riches to whom hath 
 happened some good ffubbe of money. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 14. 
 
 GUDGEON. See L. s. v. for remarks 
 on the voracity ascribed to this fish : 
 the peculiarity in the extracts is the 
 adjectival use of the word. 
 
 This is a bait they often throw out to such 
 gudgeon princes as will nibble at it. T. 
 'J3rown, Works, i. 90. 
 
 In vain at glory gudyeon Boswell snaps. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 107. 
 
 GUDGEONS, the rings that bear up 
 the rudder of a ship. The extract is 
 a portion of a comparison between the 
 parts of a man's body and the parts of 
 a ship. 
 
 The keel is his back, the planks are his 
 ribs, the beams his bones, the pintal and 
 gudyeons are his gristles and cartilages. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 9. 
 
 GUFFAW, a loud laugh. 
 
 F. B. goes up to the draughtsman, looks 
 over his shoulder, makes one or two violent 
 efforts as of inward convulsion, and finally 
 explodes in an enormous guffaw. Thackeray, 
 A'eiccomes, ch. Ixv. 
 
 A smile is allowable, but an intelligent 
 smile tipped with pity, please, and not the 
 empty guffaw of the nineteenth century 
 jackass, burlesquing Bibles, and making 
 fun of all things except fun. Eeade, Cloister 
 and Hearth, ch. Iii. 
 
 GUGGLE, to catch in the throat, so as 
 to impede clear speaking. An onoma- 
 topoeous word. 
 
 Something rose in my throat, I know not 
 what, which made me for a moment guggle, 
 as it were, for speech. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, vi. 305. 
 
 All France is ruffled, roughened up (me- 
 taphorically speaking) into one enormous, 
 desperate-minded, red, guyyliny turkey-cock. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. iv. 
 
 Dobbin . . fell back in the crowd, crow- 
 ing and sputtering until he reached a safe 
 distance, when he exploded among the aston- 
 ished market-people with shrieks of yelling 
 laughter. " Hwat's that gawky guggling 
 about ? " said Mrs. O'Dowd. Thackeray, 
 Vanity Fair, ch. xxviii. 
 
 GUIDELESSNESS, want of guidance. 
 
 Hast thou too to fight with poverty and 
 guidelessness, and the cravings of an unsatis- 
 fied intellect ? C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 GUIERIE, deceit (?) Gue(fi'om French 
 gueux) =& sharper, and is not peculiar 
 to Brathivaites Honest Ghost, as N. 
 supposed. See H. 
 
 This pangue oryuierie of lone doth especi- 
 ally aboue all others inuade and possesse 
 soche persones as been altogether drouned 
 in idlenesse. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 131. 
 
 Metellus himself being of his mother's 
 condicions, was veray light and mutable, and 
 one that could none other but folowe euery 
 sodain yuerie or pangue that shotte in his 
 braine. Ibid. p. 341. 
 
 GUILE. H. gives no example, but 
 explains it " a guile of liquor, i. e. as 
 much as is brewed at once." 
 Thee best befits a lowly style, 
 Teach Dennis how to stir the auile ; 
 With Peggy Dixon thoughtful sit, 
 Contriving for the pot and spit. 
 
 Sirift, Panegyric on the Dean. 
 
 GUILLIAN, a follower of William III. 
 Grave bishops, barons, baronets, 
 The Guillians, and the Jacobites. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 3. 
 
 GUILLOTINEMENT, death by guillotine. 
 
 Phillipe Egalite, . . . before guillotinement, 
 begat the present King of the French. 
 Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. ix. 
 
 In this poor National Convention, broken, 
 bewildered by long terror, perturbations, and
 
 GUINEA-PIG 
 
 ( 293 ) 
 
 GUN 
 
 guillotinement, there is no pilot. Ibid., Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VII. ch. ii. 
 
 GUINEA-PIG, a term of reproach. 
 
 A good seaman he is as ever stept upon 
 forecastle, and a brave fellow as ever crackt 
 bisket none of your Guinea-pigs, nor your 
 fresh-water, wishy-washy, fair-weather fowls. 
 Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xxiv. 
 
 GUINEA-PIG, a name jocosely given 
 to those whose fee is a guinea. The 
 guinea-pig in the first extract was a 
 veterinary surgeon. 
 
 " Oh, oh," cried Pat, " how my hand itches, 
 Thou guinea pig, in boots and breeches, 
 To trounce thee well." 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iv. 
 
 Guinea-pigs. There is an order in the 
 Anglican Church which bears a certain ana- 
 logy to the mendicant friars of the middle 
 ages. The members thereof are styled 
 "guinea-pigs" and they are, for the most 
 part, unattached or roving parsons, who will 
 take any brother cleric's duty for the moder- 
 ate remuneration of one guinea. Chicago 
 Ch. Paper, quoted in Ch. Review, Jan. 2, 1880. 
 
 GUIRE COVE, queer cove (?), i. e. a 
 rogue. To nip a bounge is to cut a 
 purse. 
 
 You can lift, or nip a bounge, like a Guire 
 Cove, if you want pence. Greene, Quip for 
 Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 418). 
 
 GUISE, to disguise, or dress up. 
 To guise ourselues (like counter-faiting ape) 
 To th' guise of men that are but men in 
 
 shape. Sylvester, The Vocation, p. 192. 
 
 Abb4 Maury did not pull ; but the char- 
 coal men brought a mummer guised like him, 
 and he had to pull in effigy. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 GULE, gullet. H. has it = gluttony. 
 
 There are many throats so wide and gules 
 so gluttonous in England that they can swal- 
 low down goodly Cathedrals. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 323. 
 
 GULLERY, a pond for gulls. 
 
 Two other instances of such inland gulleries 
 exist in England. E. Trollope, Sleaford 
 (1872), p. 58. 
 
 GULLY. See quotation. 
 
 " Can you tell me with what instruments 
 they did it':"' "With fair gullies (gouets), 
 which are little haulch-backed demi-knives, 
 the iron tool whereof is two inches long, and 
 the wooden handle one inch thick, and three 
 inches in length." Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. 
 I. ch. xxvii. 
 
 The poor simple bairn himsell . . . had 
 nae mair knowledge of the wickedness of 
 human nature than a calf has of a flesher's 
 gully. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, i. 242. 
 
 GULY, red : gules (Fr. gueules) is an 
 heraldic term for that colour. 
 
 Such poor drifts to make a national war 
 of a surplice brabble, a tippet scuffle, and 
 engage the untainted honour of English 
 knighthood to unfurl the streaming red cross, 
 or to rear the horrid standard of those fatal 
 guly dragons for so unworthy a purpose. 
 Milton, Ref. in Eng., Bk. II. 
 
 GUM, chatter, or, as we still say, 
 jaw. 
 
 Pshaw ! pshaw ! brother, there's no occa- 
 sion to bowss out so much unnecessary gum ; 
 if you can't bring your discourse to bear on 
 the right subject, you had much better clap 
 a stopper on your tongue. Smollett, Pere- 
 grine Pickle, ch. xiv. 
 
 GUMMED, stiff or starched. 
 
 We hate the stiff and gummed deportment 
 of the Italian. Gentlcnan Instructed, p. 
 546. 
 
 GUMPTIOUS, proud. 
 
 " She holds her head higher, I think," said 
 the landlord, smiling. " She was always 
 not exactly proud like, but what I calls 
 gumptious" 
 
 " I never heard that word before," said the 
 Parson, laying down his knife and fork. 
 "Bumptious, indeed, though I believe it is 
 not in the dictionary, has crept into familiar 
 parlance, especially amongst young folks at 
 school and college." 
 
 " Bumptious is bumptious, and gumptious 
 is gumptious," said the landlord, delighted to 
 puzzle a parson. " Now, the town beadle is 
 bumptious, and Mrs. Avenel is gumptious" 
 
 " She is a very respectable woman," said 
 Mr. Dale, somewhat rebukingly. 
 
 " In course, sir ; all gumptious folks are ; 
 they value themselves on their respectability, 
 and looks down on their neighbours." 
 
 Parson (still philologically occupied). 
 Gumptious gumptious. I think I remember 
 the substantive at school -^notthat my master 
 taught it to me. " Gumption," it means 
 cleverness. 
 
 Landlord (doggedly). There's gumption 
 and gumptious ! Gumption is knowing ; but 
 when I say that sum un is gumptious, I mean 
 though that's more vulgar like sum un 
 who does not think small beer of hisself . 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. IV. ch. xii. 
 
 GUN. Son of a gun, a rather dis- 
 respectful synonym for a " man." 
 We tucked him in, and had hardly done 
 
 When, beneath the window calling. 
 We heard the rough voice of a son of a gun 
 
 Of a watchman, " One o'clock " bawling. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Cynotaph, note). 
 
 GUN. Great guns = great people. 
 
 What great pieces hath he [the devil] had 
 of bishops of Rome, which have destroyed 
 whole cities and countries, and have slain
 
 GUN 
 
 ( 294 ) 
 
 G YTRASH 
 
 and burnt many! What great guns were 
 those ! Latimer, i. 27. 
 
 GUN. Sure as a gun = quite sure. 
 Ccmiers with his dagger a promising 
 assassin ; the guns and firelocks dead-doing 
 things ; as sure, they say, as a gun. North, 
 Examen, p. 168. 
 
 I laid down my basin of tea, 
 
 And Betty ceased spreading the toast, 
 " As sure as a gun, sir," said she, 
 
 " That must be the knock of the post." 
 Macaulay, Country Clergyman's 
 Trip to Cambridge. 
 
 GUNNEBESS, female gunner. 
 
 The seized cannon are yoked with seized 
 cart-horses : brown-locked Demoiselle Th<- 
 roigne, with pike and helmet, sits there as 
 yunneress. Curly le, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. 
 ch. v. 
 
 GUBTIE. See extract. 
 
 It staies the gurtie or running out of the 
 belly in 4 footed beasts. Holland, Pliny, 
 xx. 5. 
 
 GUSHET, piece of armour in front of 
 the arm-pit : the name survives in the 
 gusset of a shirt. 
 
 Then every man amongst them with a fair 
 joy, and fine little country songs, set up a 
 huge big post, whereunto they hanged . . . 
 a horseman's mace, gushet-axmova (goussets) 
 for the armpits, leg-harness, and a gorget. 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxvii. 
 
 GUTLESS, disembowelled. 
 
 The falcon (stooping thunder-like) 
 
 With suddain souse her to the soyl shall 
 strike, 
 
 And with the stroak make on the senseless 
 ground 
 
 The gut-les quar once, twice, or thrice re- 
 bound. Sylvester, Tlie Laice, 643. 
 
 GUTLING, a glutton. N. has it, but 
 only refers to Withal' s Diet. 
 
 The poets wanted no sport the while, who 
 made themselves bitterly merry with de- 
 scanting upon the lean skulls and the fat 
 paunches of these lazy gutlings. Sanderson, 
 iii. 106. 
 
 GUTS. To have guts in the brains 
 = to have sense. 
 
 Quoth Ealpho, Truly that is no 
 Hard matter for a man to do 
 That has but any guts in 's brains. 
 
 Hudibras, I. iii. 1091. 
 His brother boars, I presume, will have 
 more guts in their brains for the future than 
 to pick a quarrel with such as preserve their 
 lives. T. Brown, Works, i. 278. 
 
 The fellow's well enough, if he had any 
 guts in his brains. Stcift, Polite Conversation 
 (Coiiv. i.). 
 
 GUY, a figure stuffed with straw 
 carried about by boys on Nov. 5, to 
 represent Guy Fawkes : the effigy is 
 afterwards burnt. Any odd-looking, 
 ugly, or ill-dressed person is sometimes 
 called a guy. 
 
 Once on a fifth of November I found a Guy 
 trusted to take care of himself there, while 
 his proprietors had gone to dinner. Dickens, 
 Uncommercial Traveller, xxi. 
 
 GUZZLE, drink. The Diets, give this 
 substantive as meaning an insatiable 
 person, also a ditch or drain. 
 
 Where [have you] squander'd away the 
 tiresome minutes of your evening leisure 
 over seal'd Winchesters of threepenny 
 guzzle? T. Brown, Works, ii. 180. 
 
 GUZZLER, excessive drinker. 
 
 Being an eternal guzzler of wine, his 
 mouth smelt like a vintner's vault. T. 
 Brown, Works, iii. 265. 
 
 GYN^ECEUM, the woman's part of the 
 house ; the harem. 
 
 Women up till this 
 Cramp'd under worse than South-Sea isle 
 
 taboo, 
 
 Dwarfs of the gynecteum, fail so far 
 In high desire. Tennyson, Princess, iii. 
 
 GYNETHUSIA, sacrifice of women. 
 
 The traces of a kind of Suttee gynethusia, 
 as it has been termed may be looked for 
 in the earlier tombs of the ancient Britons. 
 Archaol., xlii. 188 (1868). 
 
 GYNOPHAGITE, woman-eater. 
 
 He is worse than Polyphemus, who was 
 only an Anthropophagos ; he preys upon the 
 weaker sex, and is a Gynopliagite. Lytton, 
 My Novel, Bk. III. ch. xxii. 
 
 GYP, the Cambridge term for a college- 
 servant ; in Oxford called a scout. 
 
 Where's your portmanteau ? Oh, left it 
 at the Bull ? Ah, I see ; very well, we'll 
 send the gyp for it in a minute. C. Kings- 
 ley, Alton Locke, ch. xii. 
 
 GYBEFUL, revolving ; encircling. In 
 the original, ^En., viii. 432, sequacibus. 
 
 Theyre labor boat they folow ; toe the 
 flame fits yyrefid awarding. Stanyhurst, 
 Conceites, p. 138. 
 
 GYTBASH. See extract. 
 
 I remembered certain of Bessie's tales, 
 wherein figured a North-of-Eugland spirit, 
 called a " Gytrash ; " which, in the form of 
 horse, mule, or large dog, haunted solitary 
 ways, and sometimes came upon belated 
 travellers. C. If route, Jane Eyre, ch. xii.
 
 HABASSIA 
 
 ( 295 ) 
 
 HAG 
 
 H 
 
 HABASSIA, Abyssinia. 
 
 Thro' all the huge continent of Afric, 
 which is estimated to be thrice bigger than 
 Europe, there is not one region entirely 
 Christian but Habassia or Ethiopia. Howell, 
 Letters, ii. 9. 
 
 HABASSIN, an Abyssinian. 
 
 Hee made Prester John an African, and 
 placed him in Ethiopia, in the Habassins 
 countrey. Howell, Instructions for Forraine 
 Travell, sect. xii. 
 
 HABEBDASHEBESS, female huckster. 
 
 Thalestris the Amazonian ... is here be- 
 come a haberdaskeress of small wares. T. 
 Brown, Works, ii. 272. 
 
 HABILABLE, capable of being clothed. 
 
 Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower of 
 Babel to follow the dispersion of mankind 
 over the whole habitable and habilable globe. 
 Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 HABILATOBY, having to do with 
 habiliments or garments. 
 
 A small French hat . . was set jauntily in 
 the centre of a system of long black curls, 
 which my eye, long accustomed to penetrate 
 the arcaiia of habilatory art, discovered at 
 once to be a wig. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixxix. 
 
 For indeed is not the dandy culottic, 
 habilatory, by law of existence ; a cloth- 
 animal ; one that lives, moves, and has his 
 being in cloth ? Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. VII. ch. ii. 
 
 HABITUARY, habitual. 
 
 Too well he knew how difficult a thing it 
 was to invert the course of Nature, especially 
 being confirm'd by continuance of practice, 
 and made habituary by custom. Hist, of 
 Edward II., p. 3. 
 
 HACK AND MANGER = rack and 
 manger, q. v. Hack or HecTc = rack 
 is used in Lincolnshire, as well as in 
 Scotland. See Peacock's Manley and 
 Corringham Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 The servants at Lochmarlie must be living 
 at hack and manyer. Miss Ferrier, Marriage, 
 ch. xxvi. 
 
 Six stout horses . . had been living at heck 
 and manger. Ibid., Inheritance, ii. 237. 
 
 HACKLET, or HAGLET, a sea-bird. 
 
 The land -birds are left; gulls, haglets, 
 petrels, swim, dive, and hover around. 
 Emerson, English Traits, ch. ii. 
 
 Below them, from the Gall - rock, rose a 
 thousand birds, and filled the air with sound ; 
 the choughs cackled, the hacklets wailed, the 
 great black-backs laughed querulous defiance 
 
 at the intruders. C. Kingsley, Westward 
 Ho, ch. xx.xii. 
 
 BACKLOG, a chopping-block. 
 
 Out of my own earliest newspaper reading 
 I can remember the name Vetus as a kind of 
 editorial hacklog on which able editors were 
 wont to chop straw now and then. Carlyle, 
 Life of Sterling, Pt. I. ch. iii. 
 
 HACKNEY, a hackney coach. 
 
 To dinner by a hackney, my coachman be- 
 ing this day about breaking of my horses to 
 the coach. Pepys, Dec. 14, 1668. 
 
 I would more respect a General without 
 attendance in a hackney, that has oblig'd a 
 nation with a peace, than him who rides at 
 the head of an army in triumph, and plunges 
 it into an expensive war. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 195. 
 
 Nay, now, from what he saw last night, 
 The Doctor thought that Pat was right, 
 Who soon the traveling baggage bore 
 Straight to the hackney at the door. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iv. 
 
 HADLAND, a man who has owned 
 land and lost it. Davies, in a note to 
 one of his Commendatory Poems, p. 3, 
 says, "Few Hadlands take pleasure 
 to behold the land they had." 
 
 They dub him " Sir John had Land " before 
 they leave him, and share, like wolves, the 
 poore novice's welth betwixt them as a pray. 
 Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier, 1592 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 405). 
 
 HAKT, to drive up to the haft or hilt. 
 
 This mye blade in thye body should bee 
 with speedines hafted. Stanyhurst, Conceites, 
 p. 143. 
 
 HAG, hake, or poor John (?). 
 
 The hot pebbles at high-tide mark . . . are 
 beautifully variegated with mackerels' heads, 
 gurnets' fins, old hag, lob-worm, and mussel- 
 baits. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. ii. 
 
 HAG. See extract. 
 
 The brokers of these coals are called 
 crimps ; the vessels they load their ships 
 with at Newcastle, Keels ; and the ships 
 that bring them, Cats, and Hags or Hag- 
 boats, Fly-boats, and the like. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. .Britain, ii. 144. 
 
 HAG, now always applied to a female, 
 but Byron says to Labrosse 
 
 Curst be thy throte and soule, Rauen, 
 Schriech-owle, hag. Chapman, Byron's Con- 
 spiracie, Act III.
 
 HAG, TAG, AND RAG ( 296 ) 
 
 HALCYON 
 
 And so he stopt, but swelling with such pride, 
 As if his braine would haue with poison 
 
 burst, 
 
 To whom the pilgrime presently replied, 
 Avauut, foule fiende, and monster most 
 
 accurst ; 
 Thou hate of heauen, and greatest hagge of 
 
 hell, 
 
 What wicked tale hast thou presumde to 
 tell? 
 
 Breton, Pilgrimage to Paradise, p. 11. 
 
 HAG, TAG, AND RAG, rabble. Tag, 
 rag, and bobtail is the usual expression. 
 See N. s. v, TAG. H. gives "Hag, 
 idle disorder. Somersetshire." 
 
 Than was all the rable of the shippe, hag, 
 toy, and rag, called to the reckeniuge, rushe- 
 linge together as they had bene the cookes 
 of helle with their great Cerberus. Voca- 
 ci/on of Johan Bale, 1553 (Harl. Jlisc., vi. 
 459). 
 
 HAGWEED, besom-weed, q. v. 
 For awful coveys of terrible things, 
 With forked tongues and venomous stings, 
 On hat/weed, broomsticks, and leathern wings, 
 Are hovering round the hut. 
 
 Hood, Hie Forge. 
 
 HAIR, to catch ; to draw as by a hair. 
 
 Those who wish for what they have not 
 forfeit the enjoyment of what they have ; 
 when they desire eagerly they hope too fast, 
 and are haired by fear. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 218. 
 
 HAIR. To take a hair of the dog 
 that bit one = to take a dram when 
 suffering from the effects of over- 
 drinking; sometimes applied to other 
 homoeopathic proceedings. In the Life 
 of Sister Dora a case is mentioned of 
 a patient bitten by a dog, who had 
 literally plastered the sore with some 
 hairs of the animal. The first extract 
 is given in Peacock's Manley and Cor- 
 ringham Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 But be sure, over night if this dog do you 
 bite, 
 
 You take it henceforth for a warning, 
 Soon as out of your bed, to settle your head, 
 
 Take a hair of his tail in the morning. 
 Hilton, Catch that Catch can ^1652). 
 
 Lady Sin But, Sir John, your ale is terribly 
 strong and heady in Derbyshire, and will 
 soon make one drunk and sick ; what do you 
 then ? 
 
 Sir J. Why, indeed it is apt to fox one, 
 but our way is to take a hair of the same dog 
 next morning. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. ii.). 
 
 Elsley need not be blamed for pitying her 
 [Italy] ; only for holding with most of our 
 poets a vague notion that her woes were to 
 be cured by a hair of the dog who bit her ; 
 
 viz., by homoeopathic doses of that same 
 " art " which has been all along her morbid 
 and self-deceiving substitute for virtue and 
 industry. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. x. 
 
 HAIR. Both of a hair = both alike. 
 
 For the pedlar and the tinker, they are two 
 notable knaves, both of a haire, and both 
 cosen-germaines to the devill. Greene, Quip 
 for Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 417). 
 
 HAIRBUSH, head of hair. 
 A certeyn lightning on his headtop glistered 
 
 harmelesse, 
 His crisp locks frizeling, his temples prittelye 
 
 stroakiug, 
 Heer with al in trembling with speede wee 
 
 ruffled his hearebush. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 711. 
 
 HAIRLET, a little hair. 
 
 A stronger lens reveals to you certain 
 tiniest hairlets. G. Eliot, Middleware^, Bk. 
 I. ch. vi. 
 
 HAIRPATCH, hair-cloth (?). 
 
 They affirm these hyperthetical or super- 
 lative sort of expressions and illustrations 
 are too bold and bombasted ; and out of tliat 
 word is spun that which they call our fustian, 
 their plain writing being stuff nothing so 
 substantial, but such gross sowtege or hair- 
 patch as every goose may eat oats through. 
 Chapman, Iliad, xiv. (Comment.). 
 
 HAIR-SPLITTER, one who makes very 
 nice or minute distinctions. 
 
 It is not the cavilling hair- splitter, but, on 
 the contrary, the single - eyed servant of 
 truth, that is most likely to insist upon the 
 limitation of expressions too wide or too 
 vague. De Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 61. 
 
 HAKE, a weapon of some kind. H. 
 says "a small hand-gun." 
 He said we must Paul's swerde now take, 
 Splay the banner, strike vp the droonie, 
 Fall to array, pike and halfe hake, 
 Play now the men, the time is come. 
 
 T. E., 1555 (Maitland's Ref., p. 159). 
 
 HAKE, a sliding pothook. 
 On went the boilers, till the hake 
 Had much ado to bear 'em. 
 
 Hlooinfield, The Horkey. 
 
 HALCYON, calm ; quietude. The word 
 is often used adjectivally in this sense, 
 halcyon days, &c., but the substantive 
 is usually applied to the bird only. 
 
 He has been here these two hours, courting 
 the mother for the daughter, I suppose, yet 
 she wants no courting neither : 'tis well one 
 of us- does, else the man would have nothing 
 but halcyon, and be remiss and saucy of 
 course. Richardtoit, Cl. Jlarloire, ii. 4. 
 
 All is halcyon and security. Ibid. iii. 355.
 
 HALF 
 
 ( 297 ) 
 
 HAMMER 
 
 HALF, a term at school : there are 
 usually three halfs in the year. 
 
 It ... has completely stopped the boats 
 for this half. Sir G. C. Leiris, Letters, p. 3. 
 
 HALF-BAKED, raw ; inexperienced ; 
 silly. " Ephraim is a cake not turned " 
 (Hosea vii. 8). Cf. DOUGH-BAKED. 
 
 He must scheme forsooth, this half-baked, 
 Scotch cake ! He must hold off and on, and 
 be cautious, and wait the result, and try con- 
 clusions with me, this lump of natural dough ! 
 Scott, St. Ronans Well, ii. 221. 
 
 He treated his cousin as a sort of harmless 
 lunatic, and, as they say in Devon, half- 
 baked. C. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. iii. 
 
 " Clever ? " "A sort of half-baked body," 
 said Heale. Ibid., Two Years Ayo, ch. iv. 
 
 HALF-BAPTIZED, applied by the ignor- 
 ant to a child who has heen privately 
 baptized ; it is also used of a person 
 deficient in knowledge or acuteness. 
 In the extract from Southey it means 
 half-Christian. 
 
 Irish kernes, 
 
 Ruffians half-clothed, half-human, half-bap- 
 tized. Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. ii. 
 
 " Can such things be ? " exclaimed the 
 astouished Mr. Pickwick. " Lord bless your 
 heart, sir," said Sam, " why where was you 
 half-baptized that's nothin', that aint." 
 Pickwick Papers, ch. xiii. 
 
 " And now about business," said the beadle, 
 taking out a leathern pocket-book: "the 
 child that was half-baptized, Oliver Twist, is 
 nine years old to-day." Oliver Ttrist, ch. ii. 
 
 " If you please, sir, will you be so good as 
 to half-baptize the baby ? " " Oh, certainly, 
 but which half of him am I to baptize ? " 
 Parish, Diet, of Sussex Dialect, 1875, s. v. 
 
 HALFLING, halfpenny, i. e. a penny 
 cut in half, for halfpennies were not 
 coined until the time of Edward I., A.D. 
 1279. 
 
 " I warrant thee store of shekels in thy 
 Jewish scrip." " Not a shekel, not a silver 
 penny, not a haljliny, so help me the God of 
 Abraham ! " said the Jew, clasping his hands. 
 Scott, Ivanhoe, i. 76. 
 
 HALF-SAVED. See quotation. 
 
 William Dove's was not a case of fatuity. 
 Though all was not there, there was a great 
 deal. He was what is called half-saved. 
 Some of his faculties were more than ordin- 
 arily acute, but the power of self-conduct 
 was entirely wanting in him. Southey The 
 Doctor, ch. x. 
 
 HALF-SQUARE, a term in timber-mea- 
 suring, fully explained in an extract 
 from Lei/bourn s Complete Surveyor, 
 1674, given in Lord Braybrooke's note. 
 
 Pepys in his Diary wrote by mistake 
 off square. 
 
 Mr. Deane of Woolwich and I rid into 
 Waltham Forest, and there we saw many 
 trees of the King's a-hewing ; and he showed 
 me the whole mystery of off-square, wherein 
 the King is abused in the timber that he 
 buys, which I shall with much pleasure be 
 able to correct. Pepys, Aug. 18, 1662. 
 
 HALF-THICK, a sort of stuff. 
 
 I followed this Post-road from Liverpool 
 to Bury, both manufacturing towns in Lan- 
 cashire, and the last very considerable for a 
 sort of coarse goods called Half-thicks and 
 Kersies. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, iii. 135. 
 
 HALIFAX LAW, or INQUEST. See HOLY- 
 FAX. 
 
 HALL. This word is often used in 
 the sense of place with some other 
 prefixed which defines it : thus Liberty 
 Hall = a place where every one can do 
 as he likes. 
 Met you with Ronca? 'tis the cunning'st 
 
 nimmer 
 Of the whole company of cutpurse hall. 
 
 Albumazar, iii. 7. 
 Beat down their weapons ! my gate ruffians' 
 
 hall ! 
 What insolence is this ! 
 
 Massinyer, City Madam, i. 2. 
 
 Gentlemen, pray be under no restraint in 
 this house ; this is Liberty-hall, gentlemen ; 
 you may do just as you please here. Gold- 
 smith, Slie Stoops to Conquer, Act II. 
 
 " Bachelors' Hall, you know, cousin," said 
 Mr. Jonas to Charity. " I say, the other 
 one will be having-a laugh at this when she 
 gets home, won't she ? " Dickens, M. Chuz- 
 zleu-it. ch. xi. 
 
 HALO, to surround with a halo. 
 
 His grey hairs 
 Curl'd, life-like, to the fire, 
 That haloed round his saintly brow. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. ix. 
 I wiped my tears and hushed my sobs, 
 fearful lest any sign of violent grief might 
 waken a preternatural voice to comfort me, 
 or elicit from the gloom some haloed face 
 bending over me with strange pity. C. 
 Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. ii. 
 
 HALPER, to haggle (?). 
 
 Thereuppon they broke off ; the one urg- 
 ing that he had offered it him so before, and 
 the other that hee might have tooke him at 
 his proffer, which since he refused, and now 
 hafperd with him, as he eate up the first, so 
 would he eate up the second. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 172). 
 
 HAMMER, German ammer = bunt- 
 ing ; so yellow-hammer = yellow
 
 HAMMER 
 
 ( 298 ) 
 
 HANDJAR 
 
 bunting. Does " hammer of the right 
 feather " = bird of the right feather ? 
 S'light I euer tooke thee to be a hammer 
 of the riyht feather, but I durst haue layed 
 my life no man could euer haue . . . cramd 
 such a gudgeon as this downe the throate of 
 thee. Chapman, Mons. D'Olive, Act IV". 
 
 HAMMER AND TONGS, violently. 
 
 The noise you ladies have been making, 
 Mrs. Gamp! "Why these two gentlemen 
 have been standing on the stairs outside the 
 door, nearly all the time, trying to make you 
 hear, while you were pelting away hammer 
 and tongs. Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. xlix. 
 
 Mr. Malone, howling like a demon, and 
 horribly drunk, followed by thirty or forty 
 worse than himself, dashed out of a doorway 
 close by, and, before they had time to form 
 line of battle, fell upon them liammer and 
 tonys. H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. Ix. 
 
 HAMMER - CLOTH, cloth (originally a 
 skin, A.S. hama, a skin) thrown over 
 a coach-box. See L. s. v. The sub- 
 joined is given as an early instance of 
 the word. 
 
 Hamer clothes, with our arms and badges of 
 our colours,and all other things apperteininge 
 unto the same wagon. Document temp. Q. 
 Mary, i. (Archaol., xvi. 91). 
 
 HAMPERED, loaded with hampers. Cf . 
 PANNIERED. 
 
 One ass will carry at least three thousand 
 such books, and I am persuaded you would 
 be able to carry as many yourself, if you 
 were well hampered. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 
 325. 
 
 HAMPER UP, to conclude ; put the 
 finish to ; pack up. 
 
 Well, Lord of Lincoln, if your loves be knit, 
 And that yaur tongues and thoughts do 
 
 both agree, 
 To avoid ensuing jars, I'll liamper up the 
 
 match. 
 
 I'll take my portace forth, and wed you here. 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 162. 
 
 HANCKLE, to fasten tightly. 
 
 A third sort . . . walk not soberly, and 
 uprightly, and orderly in their calliug, like 
 an unruly colt that will over hedge and 
 ditch ; no ground will hold him, no fence 
 turn him. These would be well fettered 
 and side-hanclfled for leaping. Sanderson, 
 iii. 93. 
 
 HAND. See quotation. 
 
 Flitches of bacon and hands (i. e. shoulders) 
 of pork, the legs or hams being sold, as 
 fetching a better price) abounded. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. iv. 
 
 HAND. To stand in hand = to con- 
 
 Let their enemies know then that they 
 have to deal with God, not with them ; it is 
 His cause rather than theirs ; they but His 
 agents. It standeth Him in hand, it toucheth 
 Him in honour. Andrewes, iv. 14. 
 
 HANDBOOK, a manual (Germ, hand- 
 buch). This word, now so common, 
 does not seem to be as old as the cen- 
 tury. A writer in N. and Q. mentions 
 ' ' A Handbook for modelling wax 
 flowers." published in 1814. Sir H. 
 Nicolas, however, in 1833, thought 
 the word too exotic to appear in the 
 title of his work. 
 
 No labour has been spared to render the 
 volume what the Germans would term, and 
 which, if our language admitted of the ex- 
 pression, would have been the fittest title for 
 it, The Hand-ook of History. Nicolas, 
 Chronol. of Hist. (Preface). 
 
 HANDFAST, close-fisted. 
 
 Some will say women are covetous: are 
 not men as handfast ? Breton, Praise of 
 Vertuons Ladies, p. 57. 
 
 HAND-FAST-MAKER, marriage-maker ; 
 in extract, translation of pronuba. 
 Britona, hand-fast-maker shee, 
 All clad in Laurell greene. 
 
 Holland's Camden, p. 388. 
 
 HAND-GRIPE, seizure by the hand ; 
 close struggle. H. and L. have handy- 
 gripes. See quotation s. v. QUARTER- 
 STROKE. 
 Hee that both globes in His own hand-gripe 
 
 holds. Sylvester, Panaretus, 1258. 
 
 The last man of France, who could have 
 swayed these coming troubles, lay there at 
 hand-ijrips with the unearthly power. Car- 
 lyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. vii. 
 
 HAND-GYVE, to manacle. 
 
 A poor Legislative, so hard was fate, had 
 let itself be hand-ayved. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. III. Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 HANDICAP, a game, which is described 
 at length in N. and Q., 1st S., xi. 491. 
 
 Here some of us fell to handicap, a sport 
 that I never knew before, which was very 
 good. Pepys, Sept. 18, 1660. 
 
 HANDJAR, a dagger: it would be 
 more correctly written khan - djar : 
 the word is used in Arabic, Turkish, 
 Persian, and Hindustani. 
 
 A vast crowd of men in small caps and 
 jackets and huge white breeches, and armed 
 with all the weapons of Palikari, handjars and 
 yataghans, and silver - sheathed muskets of 
 uncommon length, and almost as old as the 
 battle of Lepanto, always rallied round his 
 standard. Disraeli, Lothair, ch. Ixxiii.
 
 HANDKERCHIEF ( 299 ) 
 
 HANGING 
 
 HANDKERCHIEF, to wipe the eyes ; to 
 use a handkerchief. 
 
 The servants entering with the dinner, we 
 hemmed, handkerchiefed, twinkled, took up 
 our knives and forks. Riclutrdson, Grandi- 
 son, ii. 180. 
 
 HANDLE. A person of title is said to 
 have a handle to his name. 
 
 Lord Highgate had turned to me : " There 
 was no rudeness, you understand, intended, 
 Mr. Peudennis; but I am down here on 
 some business, and don't care to wear the 
 handle to my name. Fellows work it so, 
 don't you understand? Never leave it at 
 rest in a country town." The Newcomes, ch. 
 Ivii. 
 
 HANDMAID, to act as an attendant. 
 
 Intolerable is the pride of natural philoso- 
 phy, which should handmaid it to Divinity, 
 when once offering to rule over it. Fuller, 
 Hist, of Camb. Univ., Ep. Ded. 
 
 HANDS. To hold up hands = to 
 give in ; either from holding up the 
 hands in supplication, or to show that 
 there is no weapon in them, and no 
 further resistance intended. 
 
 I yield vnto you this noble victorie, and 
 hold vp my handes. Traheron, Au7iswere to a 
 privie Papiste, 1558, Sig. B. iii. 
 
 HANDSAW. All the world to a hand- 
 saw = a thousand to one ; almost cer- 
 tain. 
 
 'Tis all the world to a handsaw but these 
 barbarous Rascals would be so ill-manner'd 
 as to laugh at us as confidently as we do at 
 them. Cotton, Scarronides, Preface. 
 
 HAND-SMOOTH, quite flat, so that the 
 hand could pass over it without en- 
 countering any obstacle. 
 
 His soldiours (although it were then a 
 greate raine to leat theim) sodainly with all 
 their might assailing the campe of their 
 enemies, wonne it, and beate it downe hande 
 smoothe. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 313. 
 
 HANDSOMEISH, rather handsome. 
 He is a fine, jolly, hearty, handsomeish man. 
 Richardson, Grandison, vi. 334. 
 
 HANDSPEAR, a short spear. 
 
 There was another manner of striking the 
 bull in the face with short spears, to the 
 which went divers lords and gentlemen very 
 well mounted, their pages following them 
 with divers hand-spears for that purpose. 
 Journey^ of E. of Nottingham, 1605 (Harl. 
 Misc., iii. 441). 
 
 HAND TO FIST, heartily or continu- 
 ously. 
 
 His landlord did once persuade him to 
 drink his ague away ; and thereupon going 
 
 to the alehouse an hour or two before it was 
 come, they set hand to fist and drunk very 
 desperatly. Life of A. Wood, March 4, 
 1652. 
 
 Honest Frank ! many, many a dry bottle 
 have we crack'd hand to fist. Farquhar, Re- 
 cruiting Officer, Act III. 
 
 HANDY COMBAT, hand-to-hand fight. 
 
 Her foes from handle combats cleane desist ; 
 Yet still incirkling her within their powers 
 From farre sent shot, as thick as winter's 
 showers. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir R. 
 Grinuile, p. 76. 
 
 HANDY-CUFFS, blows. 
 His rhetoric and conduct were at perpetual 
 handy-cuffs. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, ii. 206. 
 
 HANDYLABOUR, manual labour. 
 
 Eobert Abbat of Molisime per- 
 
 swaded his owne disciples to live with their 
 handylabour, to leave Tithes and Oblations 
 unto the Priests that served in the Diocese. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 110. 
 
 HANE. N. gives this word with a 
 quotation from Sandys s Travels, and 
 adds, " I presume inns or caravanserais ; 
 perhaps a Turkish word." The follow- 
 ing passage puts the meaning assigned 
 out of doubt. 
 
 They [Turks] are great founders of hospi- 
 talls, of Hams to entertain travellers, of 
 bridges, &c. Hoicell, Instructions for For- 
 raine Travell (Appendix). 
 
 HANG, a clump of weeds hanging 
 together (?). 
 
 It might be a hassock of rushes ; a tuft of 
 the great water-dock ; a dead dog ; one of 
 the " hanys " with which the club-water was 
 studded, torn up and stranded ; but yet to 
 Tom it had not a canny look. Kingsley, Two 
 Years Ago, ch. xxv. 
 
 HANGABLE, liable to be hung. 
 
 By Acts of Parliament and Statutes made 
 in the reign of Henry VIII. and his two 
 daughters, all those people calling them- 
 selves Bohemians or Egyptians are hangable 
 as felons at the age of 14 years, a month 
 after their arrival in England, or after their 
 first disguising themselves. Misson, Travels 
 in Eng., p. 122. 
 
 HANGER, handle. 
 
 On pulling the hanger of a bell, the great 
 door opened. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 
 225. 
 
 HANGING, unfixed ; shifting. 
 
 Some of the Inhabitants are of opinion 
 that the land there is hollow and hanging ; 
 yea, and that, as the waters rise, the same 
 also is heaved up. Holland's Camden, p. 690
 
 HANGING-SLEEVES ( 300 ) 
 
 HARATEEN 
 
 HANGING-SLEEVES, strips of the same 
 piece as the dress or gown hanging 
 down behind, like the leading-strings 
 on an undergraduate's gown. In the 
 extract it = backstring, q. v., which 
 Cowper associates with the bib. 
 
 Bellarmine and others do [excuse] the 
 Popes pristine submission to the Emperours 
 by reason of their minority, being then in 
 their bibs and hanging-sleeves. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 580. 
 
 HANG OUT, to reside (slang). 
 
 " I say, old boy, where do you hang out ? " 
 Mr. Pickwick replied that he was at present 
 suspended at the George and Vulture. 
 Pickwick Papers, ch. xxx. 
 
 I've found two rooms at Chelsea, not many 
 hundred yards from my mother and sisters, 
 and I shall soon be ready to hang out there. 
 G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 HANG - STRING, a term of reproach 
 implying that the person to whom it is 
 applied is likely to hang on a string 
 from the gallows. Cf. CRACKROPE, 
 GALLOWS - STRING. In the extract 
 Japhet is not the son of Noah, but 
 lapetus. 
 
 A child, thou little Rakehell thou ! 
 A pretty child thou art, I trow ; 
 Older than Japhet, little Hang-string, 
 Tho' one might wear thee iu his Band-string. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, 179. 
 
 HANGUM TUUM. This phrase evi- 
 dently = punishment by hanging. 
 Probably there is some story belonging 
 to it. 
 
 Tom. They shall not come and rob him by 
 a strong hand. 
 
 Will. They durst hardly do that ; for then 
 it had come to hangum-tuum. 
 
 Dialogue on Oxford Parliament 
 (Harl. Misc., ii. 127). 
 
 HANG-WORTHY, worthy to be hung. 
 
 Rebels, whose naughtier minds could not 
 trust so much to the goodness of their 
 prince, as to lay their hang-icorthy necks 
 upon the constancie of his promised pardon. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 426. 
 
 HANK FOR HANK, on equal terms ? 
 knot for knot ? Hanks are wooden 
 rings fixed on the ship's stays, but I 
 do not suppose there is any reference 
 to these. 
 
 I thought it best to take a bargain in this 
 stout ship, which I knew to be as good a 
 sea-boat as ever turned to windward, and 
 able to go hank for hank with anything that 
 swims the sea. Johnston, Chri/sal., ii. 189. 
 
 HANSOM, a two-wheeled cab, so called 
 from the inventor, open in front ; the 
 
 driver's seat is behind the cab, the reina 
 being passed over the roof. See extract 
 s. v. GROWLER. 
 
 He hailed a cruising hansom, which he had 
 previously observed was well horsed ; " 'Tis 
 the gondola of London," said Lothair, as he 
 sprang in. Disraeli, Lothair, ch. xxvi. 
 
 She did indeed glance somewhat nervously 
 at the hansom into which Lavender put her, 
 apparently asking how such a tall aud narrow 
 two-wheeled vehicle could be prevented 
 toppling over. Black, Princess of Thtde, 
 ch. x. 
 
 HAPPIFY, to make happy. 
 This Prince unpeerd for Clemency and 
 
 Courage, 
 Justly surnam'd the Great, the Good, the 
 
 Wise, 
 
 Mirour of Future, Miracle of Fore- Age, 
 One short mishap for ever hanpifies. 
 
 Sylvester, Henry the Great, 642. 
 
 HAPPY, to make happy. 
 By th' one beehappied his own soule with rest, 
 By th' other also, hee his People blest. 
 
 Sylvester, St. Lewis, 75. 
 
 They happy That that is insensible. 
 Davies, Humour's Heauen on Earth, p. 48. 
 
 HAPPY-GO-LUCKY, casual, unpremedit- 
 ated, careless. See quotation s. v. 
 neer-do-weel. In the first extract it is 
 an exclamation = all right. 
 
 If I get into Mrs. Martha's quarters you 
 have a hundred more: if into the widow's 
 fifty : happy-go-lucky. Wycherley, Love in 
 a Wood, I. i. 
 
 The first thing was to make Carter think 
 and talk, which he did in the hapjty-go-lucky 
 way of his class, uttering nine mighty simple 
 remarks, aud then a bit of superlative 
 wisdom, or something that sounded like it. 
 Eeade, Never too late to mend, ch. xv. 
 
 HARASSMENT, worry. 
 
 Little harassments ... do occasionally 
 molest the most fortunate. Lytton, Pelhatn, 
 ch. Ixiii. 
 
 I have known little else than privation, 
 disappointment, unkindness, and harassment. 
 L. E. London (Life of Blanchard, i. 56). 
 
 HARATEEN, a sort of stuff. Syrnpson 
 in his edition of Beaumont and Fletcher 
 (1750), says that Philip and Cheyney, 
 q. v., is "a sort of stuff at present in 
 common use, but goes now by the 
 appellation of harrateen" 
 
 You never saw such a wretched hovel, 
 lean, unpainted, and half its nakedness 
 barely shaded with harateen stretched till it 
 cracks. Wafpole, Letters, ii. 4 (1756). 
 
 Thick harateen curtains were close drawn 
 round the bed. Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch.
 
 HARBOUR 
 
 ( 301 ) HARLEQUINADE 
 
 HAEBOUR, to trace home, to earth. 
 
 I have in this short time made a great 
 progress 
 
 Towards your redress ; I come from harbour- 
 ing 
 
 The villains who have done you this affront. 
 Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, Act III. 
 
 HARDBEAM, hornbeam. See H. 
 
 Birche, hardbeme, some ooke, and some 
 asshe, beynge bothe stronge ynoughe to 
 stande in a bowe, and also lyght ynoughe to 
 flye far, are best for a meane. Ascham, 
 Toxophilus, p. 125. 
 
 HARD-BITTEN, weather-beaten. 
 
 Tardrew . . . was a shrewd, hard - bitten 
 choleric old fellow, of the shape, colour, and 
 consistence of a red brick. Kinysley, Two 
 Years Ayo, ch. ii. 
 
 HARD - EDGE, at hard edge = with 
 naked weapons or in serious conflict ; 
 without the gloves, as the boxer might 
 say. 
 
 By all that's good, I must myself sing 
 small in her company ; I will never meet at 
 hard-edge with her ; if I did (and yet I have 
 been thought to carry a good one) I should 
 be confoundedly gapped. Richardson, Gran- 
 dison, i. 120. 
 
 HARDEN, inferior flax. Cf. HARDS, 
 HERDEN. 
 
 A shirt he had made of coarse harden, 
 A collar-band not worth a farthing. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. ii. p. 235. 
 
 HARD-HEADED, sensible ; matter-of- 
 fact. 
 
 Mrs. Dickens is, in Mrs. Thrale's phrase, a 
 sensible hard-headed woman. Mad. VAr- 
 llay, Diary, i. 261. 
 
 HARDISH, hard ; the word now means 
 rather hard, as in the second quotation, 
 but not so in the first. 
 And for my pillow stuffed with down, 
 The hardish hillocks have sufficed my turn. 
 Greene, Alphonsus, Act IV. 
 
 "You are a cruel hard-hearted woman," 
 sobbed Margaret. " Them as take in hand 
 to guide the weak need be hardish." Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. Ixxix. 
 
 HARDS, the refuse of flax. 
 
 No such yron-fisted Ciclops to hew it out 
 of the flint, and run thorow any thing, as these 
 frost-bitten crab-tree fac't lads spunne out 
 of the hards of the towe, which are donsel 
 Herring's lackeys at Yarmout every fishing. 
 Nashe's Lenten Stuffe (Sari. Misc., vi. 161). 
 
 "What seems to you so easy and certain is 
 to me as difficult as it would be to work a 
 steel hauberk out of hards of flax. Scott, 
 Fair Maid of Perth, i. 97- 
 
 HARD UP, poor ; at the end of one's 
 resources. 
 
 He returned, and being hard up, as we say , 
 took it into his head to break a shop-window 
 at Liverpool, and take out some trumpery 
 trinket stuff. Th. Hook, The Sutherlands. 
 
 [He] produced a specimen of his hand- 
 writing, and gave her to understand that he 
 was in want of copying work to do, and was, 
 not to put too fine a point upon it, hard up. 
 Dickens, Bleak House, ch. xi. 
 
 HARE. To hunt for hares with a 
 tabor = to engage in a hopeless task 
 the noise of the tabor of course giving 
 the hare good warning. 
 
 The poore man that gives but his bare fee, 
 or perhaps pleads in formd pauperis he hunt- 
 eth for hares icith a taber, and gropeth in the 
 darke to find a needle in a botle of hay. 
 Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier (Harl. 
 Misc., v. 407). 
 
 HAREBRAIN, a silly or flighty person. 
 See extract s. v. NIDDIPOL ; the adjective 
 is not uncommon. 
 
 Ah foolish harebraine, 
 This is not she. 
 
 Udal, Roister Doister, i. 4. 
 She is mad by inheritance, and so are all 
 the kinred, an hare-braine, with many other 
 secret infirmities. Burton, Anatomy, p. 549. 
 No honest man shall be the better for a 
 Scotch reformation ; wherein the hare-brains 
 among us are engaged with them. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 137. 
 
 HARE-FOOT. I give the extract as 
 recording a proverb which I have not 
 elsewhere met with. I suppose that 
 hare-foot might = coward, one swift 
 to run away, and that the proverb is 
 equivalent to the well-known " He that 
 fights and runs away, may live to fight 
 another day." 
 
 And hence a third proverb, Betty, since 
 you are an admirer of proverbs, Better a 
 hare-foot than none at all ; that is to say, 
 than' not to be able to walk. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harloice, ii. 118. 
 
 HARK BACK, to draw back ; a person 
 who recurs to some subject that had 
 been previously mentioned is also said 
 to hark back to it ; the metaphor is 
 taken from the hunting-field. 
 
 There is but one that harks me lack. 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. I. i. 9. 
 
 HARLEQUINADE, extravaganza. 
 
 The Female Quixote is no exception. That 
 work has undoubtedly great merit, when 
 considered as a wild satirical harlequinade; 
 but if we consider it as a picture of life and 
 manners, we must pronounce it more absurd
 
 HARLEQUINERY ( 302 ) 
 
 HASH 
 
 than any of the romances which it was 
 designed to ridicule. Macaulay, Essays 
 (Mad. D'Arblay). 
 
 HARLEQUINERY, style of play or act- 
 ing in which Harlequin plays a promi- 
 nent part ; harlequinade. 
 
 The French taste is comedy and harlequin- 
 ery. EicJiardson, Pamela, iv. 89. 
 
 HARMAN-BECK, thieves' cant for con- 
 stable. See extract in H. s. v. pannam. 
 Here safe in our skipper let's cly off our 
 
 peck, 
 And bowse in defiance o' th' Harman-beck. 
 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 HARNESSEMENT, equipment ; the mar- 
 gin gives complements. 
 
 To every knight he allowed or gave 100 
 shillings for his harnessements. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 174. 
 
 HARP AND HARROW. The meaning of 
 this saying is obvious from the extracts, 
 but its origin is to me unknown. 
 
 The Lord's Supper and yonr peevish, 
 popish, private mass do agree together like 
 God and the devil, Christ and Belial, light 
 and darkness, truth and falsehood, and, as 
 the common proverb is, like harp and harrow, 
 or like the hare and the hound. Becon, iii. 
 283. 
 
 Bedlem . . . admits of two amusing queries, 
 whether the persons that ordered the build- 
 ing of it or those that inhabit it were the mad- 
 dest ? And whether the name and thing be 
 not as disagreeable as harp and harrow? 
 Tom Brown, Works, iii. 29. 
 
 HARQUEBUS, used as a plural, and 
 for harquebussiers. 
 He marcheth in the middle, guarded about 
 With full five hundred harquebuze on foot. 
 
 Peele, Battle of Alcazar, IV. i. 
 Eight thousand harquebuze that served on 
 
 foot. Ibid. V. i. 
 
 HARRAGE, to harass or harrow. 
 R. gives the word with a quotation 
 from the Worthies, and suggests that 
 it was perhaps meant for harass. The 
 following quotations show that it was a 
 regular word, at all events with Fuller; 
 not a misprint. 
 
 God therefore thought it fit that other 
 dioceses should now take their turnes, that 
 this of Lincoln, harraged out before, should 
 now lie fallow. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VIII. 
 ii. 16. 
 
 Of late the Danes . . . had harrayed all 
 this countrey. Ibid., Hist of Camb. Univ., 
 I. i. 
 
 Most miserable at this time was the con- 
 dition of Cambridge, for the Barons, to de- 
 spight King John, with their forces har- 
 
 raged and destroyed the Town and County 
 thereof. Ibid. i. 28. 
 
 HARRY- RUFF i AN, swaggerer. 
 
 When I past Paules, and travell'd in that 
 
 walke 
 Where all cure Brittaine-sinners swear and 
 
 talk; 
 
 Ould.ffarry-rtt$Kins ) bankerupts,southsayers, 
 And youth whose cousenage is as old as 
 
 theirs. Bp. Corbet, Elegy on Bp. Ravis. 
 
 HARSH, to sound harshly ; to crack. 
 Stanyhurst also uses harshing as a sub- 
 stantive ; see extract s. v. BEPOUNCE. 
 In the quotation a tree is spoken of 
 which wood-cutters strike again and 
 again. 
 
 At length with rounsefal from stock vn- 
 truncked yt harssheth. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 
 655. 
 
 HARSHEN, to harden, or make harsh. 
 
 Three years of prison might be some ex- 
 cuse for a soured and harshened spirit. C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xxxii. 
 
 His brow was wrinkled now ; his features 
 harshened. Hid., Westward Ho, ch. xi. 
 
 HARTFORDSHIRE KINDNESS. See first 
 extract, which, however, seems to offer 
 an insufficient explanation, for such an 
 act of courtesy could not have been 
 peculiar to this county. 
 
 This is generally taken in a good and 
 grateful sense for the mutual return of 
 favours received ; it being (belike) observed 
 that the people in this county at entertain- 
 ments drink back to them who drank to 
 them. Fuller, Worthies (Hartford shire). 
 
 Lord Sm. Tom, my service to you. 
 
 Nev. My Lord, this moment I did myself 
 the honour to drink to your lordship. 
 
 Lord Sin. Why, then, that's Hartfordshire 
 kindness. Swift, '^Polite Conversation (Conv. 
 ii.). 
 
 HARUM-SCARUM, wild ; thoughtless. 
 Mad. D'Arblay spells the word pecu- 
 liarly. 
 
 He seemed a mighty rattling harem- 
 scarem gentleman. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 i. 358 (1780). 
 
 She was one of the first who brought what 
 I call harum-scarum manners into fashion. 
 Miss Edaeworth, Belinda, ch. iii. 
 
 They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas New- 
 come's own sou, a harum scarum lad, who 
 ran away, and then was sent to India. 
 Thackeray, JVeiccomes, ch. v. 
 
 HARVESTLESS, barren. 
 
 These judgments on the land, 
 Harvestlesi autumns, horrible agues, plague. 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, v. 1. 
 
 HASH. To make a hash = to make
 
 HASKERDL Y 
 
 ( 33 ) 
 
 HAY 
 
 a mess, to destroy : a metaphor, of 
 course, taken from the kitchen. 
 A flourish trumpets ! sound again ! 
 
 He comes, bold Drake, the chief who made a 
 Fine hash of all the pow'rs of Spain. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Housewarming). 
 
 HASKERDLY, rough. H. has haskerde, 
 a rough fellow. 
 
 Some 'haskerdly peizaunts, & rascall per- 
 sons, havinge such coloured beards, be prat- 
 lers and praters. Touchstone of Complex-ions, 
 p. 130. 
 
 HATBAND. A gold hatband = a 
 nobleman at the University ; a tuft. 
 
 His companion is ordinarily some stale 
 fellow that has beene notorious for an ingle 
 to gold hatbands, whom hee admires at first, 
 afterwards scornes. Earle, Microcosmogra- 
 phie (Young Gentleman of the Universitie). 
 
 RATEABLE, capable of being hated. 
 Loveable is common. 
 
 Eeally a most notable, questionable, hate- 
 able, lovable old Marquis. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 78. 
 
 HATE SPOT, very pure ; shrinking 
 from pollution. It was supposed that 
 the ermine died if its skin were soiled. 
 
 Her shoulders be like two white Doves, 
 Pearching within square royal rooves 
 "Which leaded are with silver skin, 
 Passing the hate spot Emerlin. 
 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 141. 
 
 HATLESS, without a hat. 
 
 So much for shoeless, hatless Masaniello ! 
 Leigh Hunt, High and Low. 
 
 The whole mob rushed tumultuously, just 
 in time to see an old man on horseback 
 dart out and gallop hatless up the park. C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xxviii. 
 
 HAULCH-BACKED (?) 
 
 " Can you tell me with what instruments 
 they did it ? " " With fair gullies, which 
 are little haulch-backed demi-knives.'' Urqu- 
 harfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxvii. 
 
 HAUM, to lounge, which is the ex- 
 planation given by Mr. Tennyson in a 
 note to the extract. " Hawm, to move 
 about awkwardly," occurs in Peacock's 
 Manley and Corringham Glossary 
 (E. D. S.). Of. HAWMED. 
 
 Guzzlin' an' soakin' an' smoakin' an' 
 hawmin' about i' the laanes. Tennyson, 
 Northern Cobbler. 
 
 HAUNCE, to raise or advance. This 
 word is in R., with two extracts from 
 Chaucer. I should not therefore have 
 inserted it here were it not that L. and 
 Halliwell and Wright in their addi- 
 tions to N. give "hanced = (apparently) 
 
 intoxicated," with extract from Taylor. 
 The word is no doubt the same as that 
 used by Chaucer and Stanyhurst, and 
 applied figuratively to intoxication, as 
 " elevated " now is. 
 Yeet the tre stands sturdy: for as yt toe 
 
 the skytyp is haunced, 
 So far is yt crampornd with roote deepe dibled 
 
 at helgat's. Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 468. 
 
 HATTSTUEE, draught. 
 
 It is just matter of lamentation when 
 souls . . . fall to such apostacy as with 
 Demas to embrace the dunghill of this 
 world, and with an hausture to lick up the 
 mud of corruption. Adams, ii. 199. 
 
 HAUT, to raise on high (?) 
 Chiefe stays" vpbearing crocb.es high from the 
 
 antlier hauted 
 On trees stronglye fraying. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 193. 
 
 HAVING, covetous. 
 
 The apostles that wanted money are not 
 so having : Judas hath the bag, and yet he 
 must have more, or he will filch it. Adams, 
 ii. 249. 
 
 Jane, the elder sister, held that Martha's 
 children ought not to expect so much as 
 the young "Waules ; and Martha, more lax on 
 the subject of primogeniture, was sorry to 
 think that Jane was so " having." G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xxxv. 
 
 HAWBUCK, a clown. 
 Away, away ! down the dusty lane 
 They pull her, and haul her, with might and 
 
 main ; 
 
 And happy the hawbuck, Tom or Harry, 
 Dandy or Sandy, Jerry or Larry, 
 "Who happens to get a leg to carry. 
 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 Bless my heart ! excuse me, Sir Kichard 
 to sit down and leave you standing ! 'Slife, 
 sir, sorrow is making a hawbuck of me. C. 
 Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. v. 
 
 HAWKISH, pertaining to a hawk. See 
 quotation from Carlyle s. v. ACCIPITRAL. 
 
 She must have been very beautiful as a 
 young girl, but was fnow too fierce and 
 hawkish looking. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Ham- 
 lyn, ch. vi. 
 
 HAWMED, bandy. N. has "Haume- 
 legged, bandy-legged," with WithaVs 
 Diet, as an authority. Peacock {Man- 
 ley and Corringham Glossary) gives 
 " hawm, to move about awkwardly." 
 Cf. HAUM. 
 
 The Devils of Crowland with their crimp 
 shoulders, side and gor-bellies, crooked and 
 hawmed legges. Holland's Camden, p. 530. 
 
 HAY. To carry hay on the horn = to 
 be dangerous or aggressive. Oxen that
 
 HAY 
 
 ( 304 ) 
 
 HEADLONG 
 
 were fierce had hay wrapped round their 
 
 horns. The proverb was a Latin one. 
 
 " Fcenum habet in cornu " (Horace, Sat., 
 
 I. i. 34). 
 
 Lust has no eares ; he's sharpe as thorn, 
 And fretfull carries hay in 's home. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 176. 
 
 HAY. To make hay is to throw 
 everything into confusion. 
 
 Miss G. O, father, how you are making hay 
 of my things ! 
 
 Christy. Then I wish I could make hay 
 of them, for hay is much wanting for the 
 horses. Miss Edyeworth, Rose, Thistle, and 
 Shamrock, i. 2. 
 
 Every moveable article in the room fur- 
 niture, crockery, fender, fire-irons lay in one 
 vast heap of broken confusion in the corner 
 of the room. . . "What a devil that Welter 
 is when he gets drink into him, and Marlowe 
 is not much better. The fellows were mad 
 with fighting too. I wish they hadn't come 
 here and made hay afterwards." H. Kings- 
 ley, Eavenshoe, ch. vii. 
 
 HAY-ASTHMA, usually now called hay- 
 fever. 
 
 I escaped from the hay-asthma with a visit 
 of one month. Southey, Letters (1827). 
 
 HAY-CROME, hay-rake. 
 
 They fell downe on their mary-bones, and 
 lift up their hay-cromes unto him. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 166). 
 
 HAYN, a covetous man or a miser. 
 See another instance from Udal s. v. 
 PAUNCHED. Jamieson has Haiti as a 
 verb = to be penurious. 
 
 He signified that . . . who were soch a 
 niggarde or hayn that he coulde not finde in 
 his harte afore that daye to departe with an 
 halfpeny to any creature liuing, for soche 
 a feloe to be hyghe tyme ones in his life 
 to begin to departe with somewhat to the 
 poore. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 129. 
 
 Sparing, pinching, and plaiyng the 
 nygardes or haynes belonged to cookes and 
 not to kinges. Ibid. p. 241. 
 
 HEAD. A man whose intellects are 
 bewildered or disordered is said to be 
 off his head. 
 
 At present he is off his head : he does not 
 know what he says, or rather he is incapable 
 of controlling his utterances. Black, Adven- 
 tures of a Phaeton, ch. xiii. 
 
 HEAD. To lose one's head is a com- 
 mon expression, though Poe (comment- 
 ing on Lady G. Fullerton's Ellen 
 Middleton) censures it as a Gallicism : 
 it usually, however, = to become con- 
 fused, to lose presence of mind, rather 
 than to be crazy. 
 
 But the chief merit after all is that of the 
 style, . . . although it has now and then an 
 odd Gallicism snch as " she lost her head" 
 meaning she grew crazy. E. A. Poe, Mar- 
 ginalia, Ixxiv. 
 
 HEAD. To put one in the head of it 
 = to put it into one's head, to suggest 
 an idea. 
 
 The Bishops, vpon the permission of build- 
 ing castles, so outwent the Lords in magnifi- 
 cence, strength, and number of their erec- 
 tions, and especially the Bishop of Salisbury, 
 that their greatnesse was much maligned by 
 them, putting the king in head that all these 
 great castles . . . were onely to entertaiue the 
 partie of Maude. Daniel, Hist, of E/ia., 
 p. 60. 
 
 " Nay, nay, like enough," says Partridge, 
 " and now you put me in the head of it, I 
 verily and sincerely believe it was the devil, 
 though I could not perceive his cloven foot." 
 Tom Jones. Bk. IX. ch. vi. 
 
 HEAD-CLOTH, a covering for the head. 
 
 What's here? all sorts of dresses painted 
 to the life ; ha ! ha ! ha ! head-cloaths to 
 shorten the face, favourites to raise the fore- 
 head. Centlivre, Platonic Lady, iii. 1. 
 
 He gave me two suits of fine Flanders 
 laced head-clothes. Richardson, Pamela, i. 12. 
 
 HEADER, a plunge head foremost. 
 See extract from Dickens, s. v. BOBBY, 
 Avhere header is used (by a street-boy) 
 as a verb. 
 
 No time to go down and bathe ; I'll get 
 my header somewhere up the stream. C. 
 Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xviii. 
 
 HEADFAST, the rope at the head of a 
 ship by which it is fastened to wharfs, 
 &c. 
 
 The Ships ride here so close, as it were, 
 keeping up one another with their Head-fasts 
 on shore. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 64. 
 
 HEADHUNG, despondent. 
 Gentlemen, be not head-hunt/; droop not. 
 Shirley, Bird in a Cage, Act III. 
 
 HEADLJNGS, headlong: wrongly ex- 
 plained by editor of Parker Soc. ed. as 
 headlong persons. N. has this adverb, 
 but without the final s. 
 
 The foolish multitude everywhere, ... as a 
 raging flood (the banks broken down), run- 
 neth headlines into all blasphemy and devil- 
 ishness. Bale, Select Works, p. 508. 
 
 HEADLONG, to precipitate. 
 
 If a stranger be setting his pace and face 
 towards some deep pit or steep rock such a 
 precipice as the cliffs of Dover how do we 
 cry aloud to have him return ! yet in mean 
 time forget the course of our own sinful
 
 HEADLONGLY ( 35 ) HEARTHSTEAD 
 
 ignorance that heacltonys us to confusion. 
 Adams, iii. 93. 
 
 HEADLONGLY, in a headlong way. 
 So snatchingly or headlongly driven, flew 
 Juno. Chapman, Iliad, xv. (Comment.). 
 
 HEAD NOR FOOT. We say now " head 
 nor tail" 
 
 Is it possible that this gear appertain any 
 thing to my cause ? I find neither head nor 
 foot in it. Gaseoiyne, Supposes, ii. 1. 
 
 HEAKING-TIME, hooking time ; catch- 
 ing time (?). Herring fishing is spoken 
 of. 
 
 Now it is high heakiny-time, and bee the 
 windes never so easterly adverse, and the 
 tyde fled from us, wee must violently towe 
 and hale in our redoubtable sophy of the 
 floating kingdom of Pisces. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 156). 
 
 HEAP. A person much embarrassed 
 or surprised is said to be struck all of a 
 heap. 
 
 Now was I again struck all of a heap. 
 However, soon recollecting myself, " Sir," 
 said I, " I have not the presumption to hope 
 such an honour." Richardson, Pamela, i. 297. 
 
 I am very glad this passed before I came 
 down, for else I think I should have struck 
 him all of a heap. Mad. D'Arllay, Diary, 
 i. 234. 
 
 The interrogatory seemed to strike the 
 honest magistrate^ to use the vulgar phrase, 
 all of a heap. Scott, Rob Roy, ii. 100. 
 
 HEAPEFLOOD, a heavy sea. 
 
 One ship that Lycius dyd shrowd with faith- 
 ful Orontes 
 
 In sight of captayne was swasht wyth a 
 roysterus heapefiud. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 124. 
 
 HEAPE-MEALE, confusedly. 
 
 They got together spices and odours of all 
 sorts, . . . and thereon pour the same forth by 
 heape-meale. Holland's C'amden, p. 71. 
 
 HEART. With a heart and a half = 
 very readily or heartily. 
 
 Coz. Do you drink thus often, lady ? 
 
 Pet. Still when I am thirsty, and eat when 
 
 I am hungry ; 
 Such junkets come not every day ; once more 
 
 to you, 
 With a heart and a half, i' faith. 
 
 Massinyer, Grand Duke of Florence, 
 iv. 2. 
 
 HEART. Next the heart = fasting, 
 and is usually applied to drink taken 
 before breakfast ; wine, having greater 
 effect then, was supposed to go direct 
 to the heart. See N. and Q., V. vols. 
 vii., viii. The phrase occurs also in 
 Holland's Pliny, xx. 4, and Queen's 
 
 Closet Opened, p. 73. Stapylton's 
 note is on a passage where Juvenal 
 speaks of an 2Ethiop "nunquam tibi 
 mane videndus." 
 
 In his time was brought up a newe founde 
 diete, to drink wine in the morning nexte the 
 harte. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 359. 
 
 This was staying at Kingston with our 
 unlucky hostess that must be dandled, and 
 made drunk next her heart: she made us slip 
 the very cream o' th' morning. Rowley, 
 Match at Midnight, Act I. 
 
 The Romans held it ominous to see a 
 Blackamoore next their hearts in a morning. 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, vi. 637. 
 
 Queen Artemisia, . . . living chast ever 
 after her husband Mausolus his death, got 
 his ashes all put in wines, whereof she would 
 take down a dramm every morning, fasting 
 and next her heart. Howell, Parly of Heastx, 
 p. 60. 
 
 HEART. To have the heart in the 
 mouth to be frightened. 
 
 My heart is in my mouth ; my mouth is in 
 my hand. Grim the Collier, Act II. 
 
 As I was walking from the stable t'other 
 night without my lanthorn, I fell across a 
 beam that lay in the way, and faith my heart 
 was in my mouth ; I thought I had stumbled 
 over a spirit. Addison, The Drummer, I. i. 
 
 I'm a watching for my master ; my heart's 
 in my mouth ; if he was to catch me away 
 from home, he'd pretty near murder me. 
 Dickens, Bleak House, ch. viii. 
 
 HEART-BOUND, hard-hearted ; stingy. 
 
 The most laxative prodigals, that are lavish 
 and letting fly to their lusts, are yet heart- 
 bound to the poor. Adams, i. 169. 
 
 HEART-CERTAIN, thoroughly certain. 
 One felt heart-certain that he could not miss 
 His quick-gone love. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. i. 
 
 HEARTENING, encouragement. 
 
 The call 
 Of Mars to fight was terrible, he cried out 
 
 like a storm, 
 Set on the city's pinnacles; and there he 
 
 would inform 
 Sometimes his heart'ninys. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xx. 53. 
 
 HEARTHEN. Wolcot in a note says, 
 " Hearthen means a small bundle of 
 firewood ; it is now almost obsolete, 
 and seldom found but in old law- 
 books." 
 
 He told them that his master had mistook 
 A word in ancient Modus for a half hen, 
 Which meant a faggot that's to say, a 
 Hearthen. P. Pindar, p. 54. 
 
 HEARTHSTEAD, place of the hearth. 
 x
 
 HEART IN HOSE ( 306 
 
 Cf. GIRDLE-STEAD, KNEE-STEAD, MAR- 
 KET-STEAD, NOON-STEAD. 
 
 The most sacred spot upon earth to him 
 was his father's hearth-stead. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 HEART IN HOSE. The heart is said 
 to sink in one who is afraid or dis- 
 couraged ; hence it was spoken of as 
 going into some nether garment, as 
 boots or hose. Breton (Good and Bad, 
 p. 9) describes the untrained soldier as 
 ' hanging downe his head, as if his 
 heart were in his hose." 
 
 HEARTY, eminent. 
 
 Esay, that hearty prophet, confirmeth the 
 same. Latimer, i. 356. 
 
 We read how that Judas Machabeus, that 
 hearty captain, seudeth certain money to 
 Jerusalem, to make a sacrifice for the dead. 
 Ibid. i. 515. 
 
 HEATHENDOM, heathenism. 
 
 He trims his paletots, and adorns his legs, 
 with the flesh of men and the skins of 
 women, with degradation, pestilence, heathen- 
 dom, and despair. C. Kinysley, Cheap Clothes 
 and Nasty. 
 
 HEATHENRY, heathenism. 
 
 Are you so besotted with your philosophy, 
 and your heathenry, and your laziness, and 
 your contempt for God and man, that you 
 will see your nation given up for a prey, and 
 your wealth plundered by heathen dogs ? 
 C. Kinysley, Hypatia, ch. vi. 
 
 HEATHERY, heathy ; of the nature of 
 heather. 
 
 I found the house amid desolate heathery 
 hills. Emerson, Eng. Traits, ch. i. 
 
 He . . . threw himself on the heathery scrub 
 which met the shingle. Huyhes, Tom Brown's 
 School-Days, Pt. II. ch. ix. 
 
 HEAVE AT, to oppose ; to murmur 
 against. See quotation from Bale, s. v. 
 MAMMETROUS. 
 
 They did not wish government quite taken 
 away ; only the king's person they heaved 
 at ; him, for some purpose, they must needs 
 have out of the way. Andrewes, iv. 12. 
 
 In vain have some heaved at this office, 
 which is fastned to the state with so con- 
 siderable a revenue. Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. 
 iv. 8. 
 
 The Bishops' places of which they were so 
 anciently possest in Parliament were heaved 
 at. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 167. 
 
 HEAVEN, to place in heaven, and so 
 to make happy. See quotation from 
 Adams, . v. HELL. 
 
 He heavens himself on earth, and for a 
 little pelf cozens himself of bliss. Adams, 
 i. 194. 
 
 ) HEDERATED 
 
 HEAVEN-HIGH, very lofty. Cf. SKY- 
 HIGH. 
 
 Their Heav'n-hiyh roofes shal be embattelled 
 With adamant in gold enuelloped. 
 
 Davies, An Extasie, p. 93. 
 
 HEAVE-SHOULDERED, high-shouldered. 
 
 Captaines that wore a whole antient in a 
 scarf e, which made them goe heave-shouldered. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 157). 
 
 HEAVY, beer and porter mixed 
 (slang). 
 
 Here comes the heavy; hand it here to 
 take the taste of that fellow's talk out of my 
 mouth. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. ii. 
 
 HEAVYISH. rather heavy, whether 
 physically or mentally. 
 
 I solemnly assure you I am only heavyish, 
 not ill. Mad. D'Arllay, Diary, ii. 309. 
 Halloo! halloo! 
 They have done for two, 
 But a heavyish job remains to do. 
 
 Hood, The Forge. 
 
 HECATONTARCHY, rule of a hundred. 
 
 What would come to pass if the choice of 
 a governor or governors were referred to the 
 thousands and millions of England ? Beware 
 a Heptarchy again, beware a Hecatontarchy. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 202. 
 
 HECATONTOMES, hundreds of volumes. 
 
 Hypocrites ! the gospel faithfully preached 
 to the poor, the desolate parishes visited and 
 duly fed, loiterers thrown out, wolves driven 
 from the fold, had been a better confutation 
 of the pope and mass than whole hecaton- 
 tomes of controversies. Milton,Ani>nadv.on 
 Bemonst. (to the Postscript). 
 
 KECKING, wearing ; hacking. 
 
 He took himself to be no mean doctor, 
 who, being guilty of no Greek, and being 
 demanded why it was called an hective fever ; 
 because, saith he, of an hecking cough which 
 ever attendeth this disease. Fuller, Holy 
 State, Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 HECTASTYLE, having six pillars. 
 
 One of the largest and most correct hecta- 
 style porticoes in the kingdom. Defoe, Tour 
 thro 1 G. Britain, ii. 301. 
 
 HECTIC, a blush or high colour. 
 
 The poor Franciscan made no reply: a 
 hectic of a moment passed across his cheek, 
 but could not tarry Nature seemed to have 
 done with her resentments in him. Sterne, 
 Sent. Journey, The Monk. 
 
 HEDERATED, crowned or adorned with 
 ivy. 
 
 He appeareth there neither lanreated nor 
 luderated Poet (except the leaves of the 
 Bayes and Ivy be withered to nothing since 
 the erection of the Tomb), but only rosated,
 
 HEDGE 
 
 ( 37 ) 
 
 HEEL-TAPS 
 
 having a Chaplet of four Roses about his 
 head. Fuller, Worthies, Yorkshire (ii. 513). 
 
 HEDGE. To hang in the hedge = to 
 be at a stand-still. In the old Play or 
 Morality called Hycke-Scorner (Haw- 
 kins, Eng. Dr., i. 95) the reprobate, 
 offended at the reproof of Pity, says, 
 " Whan my soule hangeth on the hedge, 
 cast stones," and then orders Pity to be 
 put in the stocks. Here the meaning 
 seems to be, When I am dead you may 
 cast stones at me, if you will, but now 
 you shall be punished. 
 
 They presently voted that the king be 
 desired to put all Catholiques out of employ- 
 ment, and other high things ; while the 
 business of money hanys in the hedae. Pepys, 
 Oct. 27, 1666. 
 
 HEDGELESS, without hedges. 
 
 As they paced along the dreary hedyeless 
 stubbles, they both started. C. Kingsley, 
 Yeast, ch. xiii. 
 
 There was a dreamy sunny stillness over 
 the hedgeless fields. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. Ixiv. 
 
 HEDGE WINE, poor, cheap wine : wine 
 perhaps made of flowers or herbs, as 
 cowslip wine, &c. ; but hedge is often 
 used us a disparaging prefix hedge- 
 priest, hedge-tavern, &c. 
 
 Your wines be small hedge idnes, or haue 
 taken salt water. Breton, Wonders worth 
 Hearing, p. 10. 
 
 Holds her to homely cates and harsh hedge- 
 wine 
 That should drink Poesy's nectar. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, Ep. Ded., 111. 
 
 HEELS. Down at heels = slovenly, 
 like one who shuffles about in slippers 
 or old shoes. See quotation s. v. 
 ELBOWS. 
 
 HEELS. To throw up a man's heels 
 = to floor or conquer him. 
 
 Though Great-grace is excellent good at 
 his weapons, and has and can, so long as he 
 keeps them at sword's point, do well enough 
 with them ; yet if they get within him, even 
 Faint-heart, Mistrust, or the other, it shall 
 go hard but they will throw up his heels. 
 Pilgrim's Progress, Pt. i. p. 208. 
 
 HEELS. To turn up or topple up the 
 heels = to die ; toes up = dead, in 
 modern slang. Cf. TOPPLE UP TAIL. 
 
 The backewinter, the frostebiting, the 
 eclipse or shade, and sicknesse of Yarmouth, 
 was a great sicknesse or plague in it 1348, of 
 which in one yeare seaven thousand and 
 fifty people toppled up their heeles there. 
 Naslie, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 152). 
 
 The boye was somewhat sickly with fruite, 
 berries, plummes, and such geare that he had 
 eaten abroade, that when he came to good 
 lodging and good dyet, he even turned up his 
 heeles. Breton, Miseries of Mauillia, p. 42. 
 
 .Hi's heels he'll kick up, 
 Slain by an onslaught fierce of hiccup. 
 Browning, Flight of the Duchess. 
 
 HEELS. To take his heels = to run 
 away. We say take to his heels. As 
 Puttenham remarks, it is a colloquial 
 expression, not adapted for heroic sub- 
 jects. To get the heels of another = 
 to outstrip. 
 
 If an historiographer shall write of an 
 emperor or king, how such a day hee joyned 
 battel with his enemie, and being ouer-laide 
 ranne out of the fielde, and took his heeles. or 
 put spurre to his horse and fled as fast as hee 
 could, the termes be not decent, but of a 
 meane souldier or captaine it were not un- 
 decently spoken. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, 
 Bk. III. ch. xxiii. 
 
 If ye had seen him take his heeles, and run 
 away from you into the wildernesse, what 
 could ye haue said or done more ? Hall, 
 Contemplations (Golden Calfe). 
 
 " "What ! (cried I, astonished) a matrimo- 
 nial scheme ? O rare Strap, thou hast got 
 the heels of me at last." Roderick Random, 
 ch. xlvii. 
 
 HEELS. To cool or kick one's heels 
 = to wait ; to cool heels is noticed in N. 
 
 I suppose this is a spice of foreign breed- 
 ing, to let your uncle kick his heels in your 
 hall. Foote, The Minor, Act II. 
 
 In this parlour Amelia cooled her heels, as 
 the phrase is, near a quarter of an hour. 
 Fielding, Amelia, Bk. VI. ch. ix. 
 
 My Lord, the Jews 
 
 Have been these three hours in the outer hall, 
 Much kicking of their heels, and cursing 
 
 Meroz. Taylor, Virgin Widow, i . 2. 
 
 HEELS IN NECK, headlong. 
 
 One Cerdicus, a plashing Saxon, . . . leapt 
 aground like a sturdie bruite, and his yeomen 
 bolde cast their heels in their necke, and friskt 
 it after him. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 HEEL - TAPS, the small remains of 
 liquor lef fe in a glass, or the fag end of 
 a bottle. Different attempts to explain 
 this phrase may be seen in N. and Q., 
 5th S., vol. xii. 
 
 As there was a proper objection to drink- 
 ing her in heel-taps, said the voice, we'll give 
 her the first glass in the new magnum. 
 Nicholas Nicklely, ch. xxxii. 
 Nick took off his heel-taps, bow'd, smiled 
 
 with an air 
 
 Most graciously grim, and vacated the chair. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (St. Cvthbert). 
 X 2
 
 HEIGH-HO ( sc 
 
 HEIGH-HO, to sigh for ; an interjec- 
 tion turned into a verb. Cf. PISH, 
 PSHAW, &c. 
 
 It was just the sort of house which youth- 
 ful couples, newly united by Holy Church, 
 heiyh-ho'd for as they passed. Savage, B. 
 Medlicott, Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 HEIGHT, to exalt. 
 
 If He bore affection to us in our rags, His 
 love will not leave us when we are heiyhted 
 with His righteousness, and shining with His 
 jewels. Adams, i. 400. 
 
 Imagine .... numbers of people that 
 not many hours before had their several 
 chambers delicately heiyhted, now confusedly 
 thrust together into one close room. Ibid. 
 i. 421. 
 
 HELL, to place in hell. The passage 
 from Spenser is quoted by N. , who 
 says that hell has been supposed to be 
 another form of kele, to cover, but that 
 this is not satisfactory. Spenser, I 
 think, uses the verb in the same sense 
 as Adams (" lands " being the anteced- 
 ent to "them"). Cf. HEAVEN. 
 Else would the waters overflow the lands, 
 And fire devoure the ayre, and hell them 
 
 quight. F. Queene, IV. x. 35. 
 
 The dead to sin are heavened in this world, 
 the dead in sin are helled here by the tor- 
 menting anguish of an unappeasable con- 
 science. Adams, i. 231. 
 
 HELLNESS, hellishness, with an allu- 
 sion to the title, Hiyhness. 
 There's not a king among ten thousand kings, 
 
 But gildeth those that glorifie his folly, 
 That sooth and smooth, and call his Hell-ness 
 holy. Sylvester, The Captaines, 1007. 
 
 HELL- WAIN. H., who gives no ex- 
 ample, says, "A supernatural waggon, 
 seen in the sky at night." The extract 
 is quoted by Irving in a note to the 
 article in his Sketch-Book on Stratford- 
 on-Avon. 
 
 They have so fraid us with bull-beggars, 
 spirits, witches, urchins, . . . the man in the 
 oke, the hell-waine, the fierdrake, the puckle, 
 Tom Thombe, hobgoblins, Tom Tumbler, 
 boneless, and such other bugs, that we were 
 afraid of our own shadowes. Scot, Dis- 
 co verie of Witchcraft. 
 
 HELMLESS, rudderless. 
 
 Your National Assembly, like a ship water- 
 logged, helmless, lies tumbling. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. VI. ch. v. 
 
 HELP-TIRE, a curious compound : the 
 meaning is that a horse is a help to 
 those who are tired, but the speaker 
 
 8 ) HE MUSE 
 
 was still fresh. There is no corre- 
 sponding word in the original. 
 
 My pow'rs are yet entire, 
 And scorn the help-tire of a horse. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, v. 252. 
 
 HELTER-SKELTERINESS, hastiness ; im- 
 petuosity. 
 
 While the picturesqueness of the numerous 
 pencil-scratches arrested my attention, their 
 helter- skelter iness of commentary amused me. 
 E. A. Poe, Marginalia, Introduction. 
 
 HELVE. To throto the helve after the 
 hatchet = to go all lengths ; when part 
 has been lost, to throw away the rest. 
 The metaphor may be taken from 
 2 Kings vi. 5, 6. 
 
 If shee should reduce the Spaniard to that 
 desperate passe in the Netherlands, as to 
 make him throw the helve after the hatchet, 
 and to relinquish those provinces altogether, 
 it would much alter the case. Howell, In- 
 structions J or Forraine Travell, sect. 9. 
 
 HEMEROBAPTIST. See extract. The 
 sect was of Jewish origin. 
 
 In the Word of God . . . one Baptisme is 
 mentioned (which place the Hemerobaptists 
 or daily dippers slighted). Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 296. 
 
 HEMEROCALLIS, the day-lily. 
 
 The hemerocallis is the least esteemed, be- 
 cause one day ends its beauty. Bp. Hall, 
 Works, viii. 183. 
 
 HEMI-CIRCLE, half-circle. Ben Jon- 
 eon (quoted by L.) has the more cor- 
 rect hemi-cycle. 
 
 Her browes two hemi-circles did enclose,' 
 Of rubies ranged in artificiall roes. 
 
 Davies, An Extasie, p. 89. 
 
 HEMPSTRING, a term of reproach, like 
 crackhemp, or crackrope, implying that 
 the person so called deserves or is likely 
 to be hung. 
 
 If I come near you, hempstrina, I will teach 
 you to sing sol fa. Gascoiyne, Supposes, iv. 3. 
 
 Van. A perfect young hempstring ! 
 
 Van. Peace, least he overheare you. 
 Chapman, Mons. If Olive, v. 1. 
 
 HEMDSE. See first extract ; in the 
 second the speaker is supposed to be a 
 hind. 
 
 The roebuck is the first year a kid, the 
 second year a girl, the third year a hemv.se. 
 Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (1606). 
 
 Those pretty fawns, prickets, sorrells, he- 
 muses, and girls, whereof som are mine, which 
 I brought into the world without any pain 
 or help of midwife. Howell, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 62.
 
 IIENATRICE 
 
 ( 309 ) 
 
 HERITANCE 
 
 HENATRICE, jocularly for female 
 cockatrice. 
 
 It is affirmed that there is no female basil- 
 isk, that is, no henatrice, the cock laying only 
 male eggs. Southey, The Doctor, ch. cc. 
 
 HENCE, to send or go away. N. 
 gives the second extract, and says, 
 " Sylvester has unwarrantably made a 
 verb of to hence, in the sense of to go 
 away. I am not aware of any other 
 instance." 
 
 Go, bawling Cur, thy hungry maw go fill 
 On yon foul flock, belonging not to me. 
 
 With that his dog he henc'd, his flock he 
 
 cursed. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 93. 
 Herewith the Angell henc't, and bent his 
 
 flight 
 Tow'rds our sad Citie. 
 
 Sylvester, Panaretus, 128J . 
 
 HENGE. See extract. 
 
 The present name [Stonehenge] is Saxon, 
 though the work is, beyond all comparison, 
 older, signifying an hanging rod or pole, i. e. 
 a Gallows, from the hanging parts, archi- 
 traves, or rather imposts ; and pendulous 
 rocks are still in Yorkshire called Henges. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 305. 
 
 HENPECK, undue rule by a wife. Cf. 
 CHICKEN-PECKED. 
 
 Consider the . . . Saumaises now bully- 
 fighting for a hundred gold Jacobuses, now 
 closeted with Queen Christinas, . . . anon 
 cast forth (being scouted and confuted), and 
 dying of heartbreak coupled with henpeck. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iii. 208. 
 
 HEN-PECKERY, state of subjection to 
 a wife by a husband. 
 
 He had fallen from all the height and 
 pomp of beadleship, to the lowest depth of 
 the most snubbed hen-peckery. Oliver Ticist, 
 ch. xxxvii. 
 
 HERALDRY. See quotation. 
 
 Nothing sat heavier upon his spirits than 
 a great arrear of business, when it happened ; 
 for he knew well that from thence there 
 sprang up a trade in the register's office 
 called heraldry, that is, buying and selling 
 precedence in the paper of causes, than which 
 there hath not been a greater abuse in the 
 sight of the sun. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, ii. 86. 
 
 HERB, to graze ; to crop herbage. 
 The speaker in the extract is a boar. 
 
 So, sir, I bid you farewell, for I am going 
 to herb it among that tuft of trees. Hotcell, 
 Parly of .Beasts, p. 113. 
 
 HERB-JOHN, some tasteless pot-herb. 
 Britten and Holland give Hypericum 
 perforatum as the botanical name of 
 Herb-John, but do not think that this 
 
 is the plant referred to in Gurnall. 
 The thin -leaved mug -wort or clarie, 
 called by Cotgrave Ilerbe de Saint 
 Jean, has been suggested. See N. and 
 Q., II. vols. vii. ix. 
 
 Balm, with the destitution of God's bless- 
 ing, doth as much good as a branch of herb- 
 John in our pottage. Adams, i. 376. 
 
 Herb-John in the pot does neither much 
 good nor hurt. Gurnall, Christian Armour, 
 Pt. ii. p. 12. 
 
 HERDEN, flaxen ; made of hards, q. v. 
 
 You must haue an herden or wullen cloth 
 waxed, wherwith euery day you must rubbe 
 and chafe your bowe, tyll it shyne and glyt- 
 ter wythall. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118. 
 
 They are to be beaten and punned in a 
 great stone mortar, or vpon a stone floore, 
 with an hurden mallet or tow-beetle. Hol- 
 land, Pliny, xix. 1. 
 
 HERDFLOCK, a flock : one of Stany- 
 hurst's words. See extract s. v. PREDE. 
 
 HERD-MAID, shepherdess. Herdess 
 is in the Diets. 
 
 I sit and watch a herd-maid gay. Lyrics, 
 &c., ed. by W. Byrd, 1587 (Eng. Gar., ii. 76). 
 
 HEREHENCE, hence. " Written ' her- 
 ence ' (says Bp. Jacobson), it is still in 
 use in the counties of Somerset, Wilts, 
 and Hereford, as ' therence ' also is for 
 'thence.' " 
 
 "We are herehence resolved that we are not 
 to do any evil that good may come of it. 
 Sanderson, ii. 52. 
 
 The use that we may make herehence is, 
 that since he fell let us take heed that we 
 fall not. Ibid. v. 353. 
 
 HERETICATE, to class or denounce as 
 a heretic. 
 
 Let no one be minded on the score of my 
 neoterism to hereticate me as threatening to 
 abet some new - fangled form of religious 
 heterodoxy. Jupiter forbid that I should 
 think of setting up as a theologue. It is 
 just because I would not be confounded with 
 the patrons of neologism or neology, that I 
 prefer to use neoterism and its conjugates. 
 If human affairs were ruled by prudence, 
 the term ' innovation ' would be strictly 
 netitral ; but in common usage, as Bentley 
 justly remarks, thereby " expression is given 
 to the sentiment of displeasure." Neoterism, 
 as being a vocable still unfamiliar, possesses 
 the advantage of indifference, in not sug- 
 gesting either praise or dispraise. Hall, 
 Modern English, p. 19. 
 
 HERITANCE, heritage ; patrimony. 
 These were my heritance, 
 O God ! thy gifts were these. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. i.
 
 HERKINALSON ( 310 ) 
 
 HESTERNAL 
 
 HERKINALSON. a hermaphrodite. 
 
 Thus he thinketh it a great deal the safer 
 way to make the pope an herkinalson, or by 
 miracle to turn him from a man into a wo- 
 man, than simply and plainly to confess that 
 ever dame Joan was Pope in Rome. Jewel, 
 iv. 656. 
 
 HERLE. H. gives " Herle, a twist, 
 fillet, Gawayne" but this scarcely seems 
 the meaning in the extract. 
 
 The shell-fly for the middle of July, made 
 of greenish wool, wrapped about with the 
 herle of a peacock's tail. Miss Edgeicorth, 
 Absentee, ch. viii. 
 
 HEROIC, to celebrate in heroic verse. 
 Homer of rats and frogs hath heroiqut it. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 158). 
 
 HEROINE, to play the heroine. 
 
 "What lessened the honour of it somewhat 
 in my mother's case was that she could not 
 heroine it into so violent and hazardous an 
 extream as one in her situation might have 
 wished. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 92. 
 
 HERRING is a fish that dies as soon 
 as it is taken out of the water ; hence 
 the phrase in the quotation. 
 
 Bel. Constant ! and in mourning ? Pray, 
 who's dead ? 
 
 Const. One for whom I ought to grieve, 
 did it not smooth a passage to Belinda's 
 arms through the hearts of our inexorable 
 parents. 
 
 Bel. Your father, sir ? 
 
 Clinch. The same, madam ; he's as dead 
 as a herring, I promise you. 
 
 Cetttlitre, Man's Beicitched, Act I. 
 
 " Dead ! " (says my uncle, looking at the 
 body) " ay, ay, I'll warrant him as dead as a 
 herring." Smollett, Hod. Random, ch. iv. 
 
 HERRING. Never a barrel the better 
 herring = just as bad as some one else 
 to whom reference had been made, i. e. 
 the herrings in one barrel are of the 
 same quality as those in another. Cf. 
 extract*, v. BARREL. In Bailey's Colloq. 
 of Erasmus, p. 373, Similes habebant 
 labra lactucasis translated, " The devil 
 a barrel the better herring," though 
 the old English proverb, " Like lips, 
 like lettuce," would have given the 
 original literally. In the second extract 
 Gosson is comparing cooks and painters 
 on the one side, and dramatists on the 
 other. 
 
 Two feloes being like flagicious, and 
 neither barrel better herriny, accused either 
 other. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth.,Tp. 187. 
 
 Therefore of both barrelled I judge Cookes 
 and Painters tlie better hearing. Gosson, 
 Schoole of Abuse, p. 32. 
 
 I lyk not barrel or hearing. Stanyhurst, 
 -En., ii. 56. 
 
 " Never a barrel the better herring" cries 
 he ; " noscitur a socio is a true saying. It 
 must be confessed indeed that the lady in 
 the fine garments is the civiler of the two ; 
 but I suspect neither of them are a bit better 
 than they should be." Fieldinq, T. Jones, 
 Bk. X. ch. v. 
 
 Vive la reine Billingsgate ! the Thalestris 
 who has succeeded Louis Quatorze. A com- 
 mittee of those Amazons stopped the Duke 
 of Orleans, who, to use their style, I believe 
 is not a barrel the better herring. Walpole, 
 Letters, iv. 490 (1789). 
 
 HERRING-BONE, to work in a zigzag 
 pattern like herring-bones ; used also 
 as an architectural term for work of 
 that fashion. 
 
 For there, all the while, with air quite be- 
 witching, 
 
 She sat herring-boning, tambouring, or 
 stitching. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Knight and Lady). 
 The walls to this room were 3 feet thick, 
 
 with herring-bone masonry. Arch., xxxv. 384 
 
 (1853). 
 
 HERRINGER, one who goes herring- 
 fishing. 
 
 He would do anything in his contempt 
 for " a lot of long-shore merchant-skippers 
 and herringers, who went about calling them- 
 selves captains, and fancy themselves, Sir, as 
 good as if they wore the Queen's uniform." 
 C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xiv. 
 
 HERSED, formed like a hearse. 
 Southey explains in a note that the 
 bowmen were usually arranged in the 
 shape of a hearse, about two hundred 
 in front and but forty in depth. The 
 hearse referred to is not the carriage 
 now so called, but a triangular frame 
 of iron on which a number of lighted 
 candles were placed at funeral ob- 
 sequies. 
 
 From his hersed bowmen how the arrows 
 fled ! Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. ii. 
 
 HESITATORY, vacillating. 
 
 In the mean time his being suspicious, 
 dubious, cautelous, and not soon determined, 
 but Jiesitatory at unusual occurrences in his 
 office, made him pass for a person timidous, 
 and of a fickle, irresolute temper. North, 
 Examen, p. 596. 
 
 HESTERNAL, belonging to yesterday. 
 N. has hestern, with quotation from 
 Holinshed. 
 
 I rose by candle-light, and consumed, in 
 tho iutensest application, the hours which 
 every other individual of our party wasted
 
 HETAIRISM ( 3 
 
 in enervating slumbers from the hesternal 
 dissipation or debauch. Lytton, Pelham, 
 ch. Ivii. 
 
 HETAIRISM, promiscuous intercourse. 
 
 The primitive condition of man socially 
 was one of pure hetairism. Sir J. Lubbock, 
 Orig. of Civilization, p. 67. 
 
 HEWT, height (?). H. has hewt, high. 
 The word in the original is sedes. The 
 rendezvous spoken of is " tumulus 
 templumque vetustum desertoe Cereris." 
 
 From diuerse corners to that hewt wee wyl 
 make asemblye. Stanyhurst, ^3Sn., ii. 742. 
 
 HEY-DAY, joyous excitement. 
 
 Keep it up, jolly ringers, ding dong and 
 away with it again. A merry peal puts my 
 spirits quite in a hey-day. Burgoyne, Lord of 
 the Manor, I. i. 
 
 HEY-GO-MAD, without bounds ; as an 
 adjective, extremely anxious or desirous. 
 
 When they are once set a going, whether 
 right or wrong, 'tis not a halfpenny matter ; 
 away they go cluttering like hey-yo-mad. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 2. 
 
 'Tisn't Mr. Bounderby, 'tis his wife : yo'r 
 not fearfo' o' her ; yo was hey-go-mad about 
 her an hour sin. Dickens, Hard Times, ch. 
 xxii. 
 
 HEY-PASSE, a juggler's term : often 
 joined with repasse. 
 
 Ha' you forgotten me ? you think to carry 
 it away with your hey-passe and repasse. 
 Marlowe, Fausttis, v. 1. 
 
 The poets were triviall that set up Helen's 
 face for such a top-gallant summer may- 
 pole for men to gaze at, and strouted it out 
 so in their buskind braves of her beautie; 
 whereof the only Circe's heypasse and repasse 
 was that it drew a thousand ships to Troy 
 to fetch her back with a pestilence. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 162). 
 
 You wanted but key-pass to have made 
 your transition like a mystical man of Stur- 
 bridge. But for all your sleight of hand, 
 our just exceptions against liturgy are not 
 vanished. Milton, Animadv. on Eemonst., 
 sect. 3. 
 
 HIBERNOLOGIST, one learned in mat- 
 ters relating to Ireland. 
 
 We may fairly contrast his Hibernology 
 with that of the Hibernoloyists of the present 
 generation. Lord Strangford, Letters and 
 Papers, p. 231. 
 
 HIBERNOLOGY, teaching about Ire- 
 land : a word formed like ^Egyptology. 
 See preceding extract. 
 
 HICKOCK, hiccup. 
 
 The voice is lost in hickcocks, and the 
 breath is stifled with sighs. Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 23. 
 
 i ) HIGHBOY 
 
 Go to the stomack, it hath . . . singultus 
 or the hicock. Ibid. p. 78. 
 
 HIDAGE, a tax levied on every hide 
 of land. 
 
 All the king's supplies made from the 
 very beginning of his raigne, are particu- 
 larly againe and opprobriously rehersed, as 
 . . . Carucage, Hydage, Escuage, Escheates, 
 Amercements, and such like. Daniel, Hist, 
 of Eng., p. 136. 
 
 HIDE-BLOWN, gorged ; having the 
 skin stuffed out. 
 
 Ye slothful, hide-blown, gormandizing 
 niggards. Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. I. i. 3. 
 
 HIDE PARK ON THE WATER. The 
 Thames, as being a fashionable place 
 of resort formerly. 
 
 I promised to go this evening to Hide 
 Park on the water, but I protest I'm half 
 afraid. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 HIDING, a thrashing. 
 
 " La, Susan," said George, with a doleful 
 whine, " I wasn't going to shed the beggar's 
 blood ; I was only going to give him a hiding 
 for his impudence." Eeade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. i. 
 
 HIERAPICRA, aloes and canella bark 
 made into a powder with honey. In 
 the quotation from Ward reference is 
 made to the derivation of the word 
 wpoc, sacred, iritcpoc, bitter. 
 
 There is too much of this bitter zeal, of 
 this Hierapicra in all our books of contro- 
 versies. Ward, Sermons, p. 76. 
 
 Tugwell began to complain of being very 
 chill, and of the head-ache, and said " he 
 was certainly going to have a fit of the ague, 
 and should not be able to go any further." 
 He then heavily bemoaned himself, and said, 
 " If he were at home, . . . Madam Wildgoose 
 would send him some Higry pigry, which 
 would stop it at once." Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. VIII. ch. xix. 
 
 HIGGLERY GOODS, such goods as a 
 higgler or hawker sells. 
 
 Round the circumference is the Butter- 
 market, with all the sorts of Higglery goods. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 142. 
 
 HIGHBOY, a High Tory and Church- 
 man, supposed to favour Jacobitism. 
 North mentions Highmen as used in 
 this sense. See quotation s. v. MOB- 
 BIFY, and cf. LOW-BOY. 
 
 Sir Roy. I am amaz'd to find you in the 
 interest of the Hiyh-boys, you that are a 
 clothier ! What, can you be for giving up 
 trade to France, and starving poor weavers ? 
 
 Aid. Trade, pish, pish, our parson says
 
 HIGH-CO CK-A-LORUM ( 312 ) 
 
 HINCH 
 
 that's only the Whigs' cant. Centlivre, 
 Gotham Election. 
 
 Ray. Sly. Down with that frenchify'd dog, 
 Tickup. No High oy, no Hiyh Boy ! 
 
 Shal. No Worthy, no Worthy; a High 
 Boy, a High Boy ! [Exeunt fighting. 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 HIGH-COCK- A-LORUM, a game in which 
 one set of boys stoop down in a row, 
 and another set jump on their backs, 
 and then repeat three times " high-cock- 
 a-lorum jig, jig, jig.'' If the boys who 
 give the backs do not break down 
 under the weight till these words have 
 been said, they change parts with their 
 companions. 
 
 Prisoner's base, rounders, high- cock -a- 
 lorum, cricket, football, he was soon initiated 
 iuto the delights of them all. Hughes, Tom 
 Brown's School-Days, Pt. I. ch. iii. 
 
 HIGH-DAY, full vigour : hey-day is 
 more usual. 
 
 The bucks of Edinburgh . . . have a cer- 
 tain shrewdness and self-command that is 
 riot often found among their neighbours in 
 the high-day of youth and exultation. 
 Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, ii. 50. 
 
 Restless Brissot brings up reports, accusa- 
 tions, endless thin logic ; it is the man's 
 high-day even now. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 II. Bk. V. ch. vii. 
 
 HIGHERING, ascending. 
 
 In me put force 
 To weary her ears with one continuous 
 
 prayer, 
 
 Until she let me fly discaged to sweep 
 In ever-hiyhering eagle-circles up 
 To the great Sun of Glory. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 HIGHERMOST, highest. 
 
 The purest things are placed highermost. 
 The earth as grossest is put in the lowest 
 room, the water above the earth, the air 
 above the water. Adams, i. 244. 
 
 HIGHGATE, highway. In the quota- 
 tion Dunstable is used disparagingly ; 
 it usually is coupled with plainness and 
 downrightness. 
 
 Then should many worthy spirits get up 
 the hiahgate of. preferment, and idle drones 
 should not come nearer than the Dunstable 
 highway of obscurity. Adams, i. 46. 
 
 HIGH SHOES. The extract from 
 Breton purports to be from a " country- 
 man's letter to his beloved sweetheart." 
 High shoes were part of a rustic's dress 
 highlows(?). Cf. UPSTART. At p. 252 
 of Gauden's work he speaks of " hob- 
 nails and-high shoes." 
 
 Beleeve me I loue thee, and if my high 
 shooes come home on Saturday, lie see thee 
 on Sunday. Breton, Packet of Letters, p. 49. 
 
 Marvel not if a man of so lofty a spirit 
 could humble himself so far as to speak so 
 correctedly in such auditories full of ignoble 
 sectaries and high-shone clowns. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 165. 
 
 No ingenuous man or woman thought that 
 High Shoes and the Scepter of Government 
 . . . could well agree together. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 17. 
 
 The high Shoon of the Tenant payes for the 
 Spanish-leather Boots of the Landlord. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Hartford. 
 
 HIGHTIDE, great festival. 
 
 One may hope it will be annual and peren- 
 nial ; a Feast of Pikes, Fete des Piques, not- 
 ablest among the hightides of the year. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 So have we seen fond weddings (for indi- 
 viduals, like nations, have their hightides) 
 celebrated with an outburst of triumph and 
 deray at which the elderly shook their heads. 
 Ibid. ch. xii. 
 
 HILARY TERM. To keep Hilary 
 term = to be cheerful or merry (Lat. 
 hilaris). Fuller (Worthies, Yorkshire, 
 ii. 495) has a similar pun, writing, 
 "Mirth, ... if it doth not trespass 
 in time, cause, and measure, Heraclitus, 
 the sad philosopher, may perchance 
 condemn ; but Saint Hilary, the good 
 father, will surely allow." 
 
 When God speaks peace to the soul . . . 
 it gives end to all jars, and makes a man 
 keep Hilary term all his life. Adams, i. 68. 
 
 HILDEBRANDINE, pertaining to or like 
 Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII.). 
 
 They sought by Hildebrandine arts to exalt 
 themselves above all that is called God in 
 civil Magistracy. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 566. 
 
 HIMP, to limp. The first extract 
 occurs in a very free translation of 
 Iliad, ii. 212 219, containing the de- 
 scription of Thersites. The original is 
 simply \ia\fic, 5' ertpov irotia. 
 
 Lame of one leg, and himping all his 
 dayes. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 203. 
 
 He toke heauily that the deformitee and 
 disfigure of hymping on the one legge, which 
 had come to him by the saied wounde did 
 still remain. Ibid. p. 231. 
 
 HINCH, to be stingy ; to grudge. 
 
 These Romaines of whome I speake, being 
 stressed and almoste brought to the last cast 
 by the long and daungerous warres of Hani- 
 bal and the Frenche, did, lyke louing fathers 
 to their countrey, bring in their mony and 
 goodes, without hinching or pinching, to re-
 
 HIND-SHIFTERS ( 313 ) 
 
 HISN 
 
 liefe the charges of their common welth. 
 Aylmer, Harborough for faithful -subjects, 
 1559, Sig. O. iv. 
 
 HIND-SHIFTERS, heels. 
 
 Marry, for diving into fobs they [kan- 
 garoos] are rather lamely provided a priori ; 
 but if the hue and cry were once up, they 
 would show as fair a pair of hind-shifters as 
 the expertest loco-motor in the colony. 
 Essays of Elia (Distant Correspondents). 
 
 HINGE, hinj or hemp ; Cannabis 
 Indica : from this several drugs are 
 prepared. Cf. BENJ. 
 
 I went from Agra to Satagam in Bengal, 
 in the company of 180 boats laden with salt, 
 opium, hinge, lead, carpets, and divers other 
 commodities. R. Fitch, 1592 (Eng. Garner, 
 iii. 194). 
 
 HINGELESS, without a hinge. 
 'Tis a wondrous thing to see that mighty 
 
 Mound, 
 
 Hingeless and Axless, turn so swiftly round. 
 Sylvester, Little Bartas, 264. 
 
 HINT, used peculiarly here = after 
 that hint or example (?) ; or can it 
 mean condition ? 
 
 If you be seers of Christ's flock, do as 
 Jacob did, that thriving shepherd, look well 
 to your sheep when they are in conceiving. 
 What colour and tincture you give them in 
 that hint, you shall know them by it for 
 many years after. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 ii. 57. 
 
 HIP, to give a cross-buttock in wrest- 
 ling ; to throw one's adversary over the 
 hip. See N. on the phrase have on the 
 hip. The following extract rather 
 supports Johnson's first explanation of 
 the passage in the Merchant of Venice. 
 And a prime wrestler as e'er tript, 
 E'er gave the Cornish hug or hipt. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, 
 p. 202. 
 
 HIP, melancholy : abbreviation of 
 hypochondria. 
 
 A little while ago thou wast all hip and 
 vapour, and now thou dost nothing but 
 patronise fun. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. 
 VI. ch. x. 
 
 HIPPIATRY, horse-surgery. 
 
 The horse pulled out his foot ; and, which 
 is a wonderful thing in hippiatrie, the said 
 horse was thoroughly cured of a ringbone 
 which he had in that foot. Vrquhart's Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. I. ch. xxxvi. 
 
 HIPPOGONY, pedigree or origin of a 
 horse. 
 
 There was nothing supernatural in Nobs. 
 His hippogony, even if it had been as the 
 
 Doctor was willing to have it supposed he 
 thought probable, would upon his theory 
 have been in the course of nature, though 
 not in her usual course. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cxliv. 
 
 HIPPS or HIPPO for hypochondria 
 are among the " abbreviations exqui- 
 sitely refined " that Swift sneers at in 
 the introduction to Polite Conversation, 
 
 Her ladyship was plaguily bambed ; I war- 
 rant it put her into the Hipps. Swift, 
 Polite Conversation (Conv. L). 
 Heaven send thou hast not got the Hyps, 
 How ? Not a word come from thy lips ? 
 Ibid., Cassinus and Peter. 
 
 When his mind is serene, when he is 
 neither in a passion, nor in the hipps (sol- 
 licitus), nor in liquor, then being in private, 
 you may kindly advise him. Bailey's Eras- 
 mus, p. 130. 
 
 HIRABLE, " alias Gyraffa, alias Ana- 
 bula ; an Indian sheep or a wilde sheep " 
 (Sylvester in margin). 
 Neer th' elephant comes tli' horned Hirable, 
 Stream-troubling Camell, and strong-necked 
 
 bull. 
 
 Sylvester, sixth day, first tceeke, 104. 
 
 HIRCINE, goatish, and so strong- 
 smelling. 
 
 The landlady saw, calmly put down her 
 work, and coming up, pulled a hircine man 
 or two hither, and pushed a hircine man or 
 two thither, with the impassive countenance 
 of a housewife moving her furniture. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxiv. 
 
 HIRUNDINE, pertaining to swallows. 
 
 Why mention our Swallows, . . . swashing 
 to and fro with animated, loud, long-drawn 
 chirpings, and activity almost super-fa"?*!*??- 
 dine. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. II. ch. ii 
 
 HISH, explained by the editor {Par- 
 ker Soc. edit.) "to make an insulting 
 objection ; " it is only another form of 
 hiss. 
 
 The clear truth so manifestly proved that 
 they cannot once hish against it. Tyndale, 
 i. 432. 
 
 HISKE, to open the mouth. 
 
 To hiske against them [the Pope, &c.] was 
 counted to cut the coat of Christ that had 
 never a seam. Becon, i. 294. 
 
 HIS'N, a vulgarism for his. The 
 writer in the extract is supposed to be 
 Mr. Anthony Harlowe, a gentleman of 
 family and fortune. 
 
 Mr. Solmes will therefore find something 
 to instruct you in. I will not show him this 
 letter of yours, though you seem to desire it, 
 lest it should provoke him to be too severe a
 
 HISPANJCISM ( 314 ) 
 
 HOB 
 
 schoolmaster when you are his'n. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harloice, i. 242. 
 
 HISPANICISM, a Spanish idiom. 
 
 Temple had . . . gradually formed a style 
 singularly lucid and melodious, superficially 
 deformed indeed by gallicisms and hispani- 
 cisnis picked up in travel or in negotiation, 
 but at the bottom pure English. Macaulay, 
 Essays (Sir W. Temple). 
 
 HISTORIANESS, female historian. 
 
 She is a great historianess, a most charm- 
 ing, delightful woman. L. E. Landon (Life 
 by Blanchard, i. 48). 
 
 HISTOBIKTTE, little history. This 
 French word is almost or quite natural- 
 ized now. L. has it, but with no earlier 
 instance than from Disraeli' s Coningsby. 
 Tom Brown uses the Italian form. 
 
 She thus continued her tragical historietto. 
 T. Brown, Works, ii. 268. 
 
 It is not amiss to subjoin here &o.Jdstoriette 
 to shew the value of this minister. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 143. 
 
 HISTORIOGRAPH, a writer of history. 
 
 One might expect from an historiograph a 
 plain, honest, and full narration of the fact 
 drawn from the authorities. North, Examen, 
 p. 397. 
 
 HISTORIOGRAPHY, historical writing. 
 
 Haue you not beene a little red in Itistori- 
 otjraphie, or doo you not remember aiiie 
 pretty accident that hath fallne out in your 
 trauaile, which in the discourse of your 
 kiudnes might doe well to entertaine the 
 tyme with? Breton, Wifs Trenchmour p. 
 13. 
 
 HISTRIONICISM, theatrical or artificial 
 manner. The Diets, have histrionism. 
 
 How could this girl have taught herself, 
 in the solitude of a savage island, a species of 
 histrionicism which women in London circles 
 strove for years to acquire, and rarely ac- 
 quired in any perfection ? Black, Princess of 
 Thule, ch. vi. 
 
 HIT, thrown : a Berkshire provincial- 
 ism. 
 
 It was as neat a street as one ever sees in 
 a fishing village, that is to say, rather an un- 
 tidy one, for of all human employments, 
 fishing involves more lumber and mess than 
 any other. Everything past use was hit, as 
 they say in Berkshire, out iuto the street. 
 H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. xlii. 
 
 HITCH, to hobble. 
 
 When the water began to ascend up to 
 their refuged hills, and the place of their 
 hope became an island, lo, now they hitch 
 up higher to the tops of the tallest trees. 
 Adams, iii. 71. 
 
 Punishment this day hitches (if she stil 
 hitch) after Crime with frightful shoes-of- 
 swiftness. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. V. 
 ch. v. 
 
 HITCHELL, to tease, or heckle. 
 
 An hundred women, who sitting round in 
 a ring, with a good fire in the raids before 
 them, fell to hitchell and dresse hemp. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 819. 
 
 HITHERMORE, nearer. 
 The . . . part of the Citty that stood on the 
 hithermore Banke. Holland's Camden, p. 472. 
 
 HITY - TITY, bo - peep (?) ; Peacock 
 (Manley and Corringham Glossary, 
 E. D. S.) gives " Highty-tighty, a see- 
 saw ; " also off-hand, hoity-toity. 
 
 What wilt thou say now, if Rachel stand 
 now, aud play hity-tity through the keyhole, 
 to behold the equipage of thy person? 
 Jonson, Case is Altered, iv. 4. 
 
 You know very well what I mean, sir! 
 Don't try to turn me off in that hic/hty-ti<jhty 
 way ! Thackeray, Neiccoiues, ch. xlii. 
 
 HIZLING, whistling or hissing sound : 
 an onomatopo3ous word. 
 
 Then a prosperus hizling 
 Of south blast puffing on sayles doth sum- 
 mon us onward. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., iii. 369. 
 
 HOARSE, to become hoarse. 
 
 There is some hope of the sinner whiles he 
 can groan for his wickedness, and complain 
 against it, and himself for it ; but when his 
 voice \shoarsed I mean his acknowledgement 
 gone his case is almost desperate. Adams, 
 i. 355. 
 
 HOARSEN, to make or grow hoarse. 
 
 I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice, and 
 roughen my character. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, v. 79. 
 
 The last words had a perceptible irony in 
 their hoarsened tone. G. Eliot, Daniel De- 
 ronda, ch. xl. 
 
 , HOAST, COUgh. 
 
 They were all cracking like pen-guns ; but 
 I gave them a sign by a loud hoast that Pro- 
 vidence sees all. Gait, Annals of the Parish, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 I'll make him a treacle-posset ; it's a famous 
 thing for keeping off hoasts. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xxiv. 
 
 HOB. H. (who gives no example) 
 says, " A small piece of wood of a 
 cylindrical form, used by boys to set 
 up on end to put halfpence on, to 
 chuck or pitch at with another half- 
 penny, or piece made on purpose, in 
 order to strike down the hob, and by 
 that means throw down the halfpence ;
 
 HOBALL ( 3 
 
 and all that lie with their heads upwards 
 are the pitcher's, and the rest, or wo- 
 men, are laid on again to be pitched at." 
 Sailor. To tell your honour the truth, we 
 were at hob in the hall, and whilst my brother 
 and I were quarrelling about a cast, he slunk 
 by us. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, I. i. 
 
 HOBALL, a fool. 
 Ye are such a calfe, such an asse, such a 
 
 blocke, 
 
 Such a lilburne, such a hoball, such a lobcocke. 
 Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 
 
 HOBBEDYHOYISH, approaching the 
 time of life between boy and man. 
 When Master Daw full fourteen years had 
 
 told, 
 
 He grew, as it is term'd, holbedyhoyish ; 
 For Cupidons and Fairies much too old, 
 For Calibans and Devils much too boyish. 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 12. 
 
 HOBBLE, to tie an animal's fore or 
 back legs loosely round, so as to pre- 
 vent it from straying far. 
 
 What tramp children do I see here, attired 
 in a handful of rags, making a gymnasium 
 of the shafts of the cart, making a feather- 
 bed of the fliuts and brambles, making a toy 
 of the hobbled old horse, who is not much 
 more like a horse than any cheap toy would 
 be? Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, xi. 
 
 HOBBLE, a difficulty. 
 
 The army of the Spanish kings got out of 
 a sad hobble among the mountains at the 
 Pass of Losa by the help of a shepherd, who 
 showed them the way. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. 
 XIV. ch. i. 
 
 HOBBYHOBSICAL, connected with a 
 whim or hobby. 
 
 One single quaere of three words unseason- 
 ably popping in full upon him in his hobby- 
 horsical career. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iii. 46. 
 
 He . . . marched back to hide himself in 
 the manse with his crony, Mr. Cargill, or to 
 engage in some hobbyhorsical pursuit con- 
 nected with his neighbours in the Aultoun. 
 Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 137. 
 
 HOBGOBLIN, to frighten by bugbears. 
 
 We have been hobgoblin'd too long into 
 religion, but, God be thank'd ! the vizard is 
 torn off, and the cheat is unmask'd. Gen- 
 tleman Instructed, p. 348. 
 
 HOBLOB, clown ; lout. 
 
 The rustical hoblobs 
 Of Cretes, of Dryopes, and payncted clowns 
 
 Agathyrsi 
 Dooe fetch theyre gambalds. 
 
 Stanyhwrst, JEn., iv. 150. 
 
 Thence sprouteth that obscene appellation 
 of Sarding Sandes with the draffe of the 
 carterly hoblobs thereabouts. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stu/e (Harl. Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 ) 
 
 IIOBSON 
 
 HOBNAIL, rustic. 
 
 Hee thinks nothing to bee vices but pride 
 and ill husbandrie, for which hee wil grauely 
 disswade youth, and has some thriftie hob- 
 nayle prouerbes to clout his discourse. 
 Earle, Microcosmoyraphie (Plaine country 
 fellow). 
 
 HOBNAIL, to tread down roughly, as 
 by hobnailed shoes. 
 The Queen of England, or the rabble of 
 
 Kent? 
 
 The reeking dungfork master of the mace ! 
 Your havings wasted by the scythe and spade, 
 Your rights and charters hobnail'd into slush. 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, ii. 2. 
 
 HOB OR NOB. N. explains the word, 
 as now used convivially, to mean '' ask- 
 ing a person whether he will have a 
 glass of wine or not ; " but it rather 
 refers to two persons clinking their 
 glasses together, preparatory to drink- 
 ing each other's health ; hence it sig- 
 nifies to be on friendly or intimate 
 terms. In the first extract an affected 
 fop is sneering at English dinner- 
 parties. See extract s. v. BALDICOOT. 
 
 Then in solemn silence they proceed to 
 demolish the substantials, with perhaps an 
 occasional interruption of, " Here's to you, 
 friends," "Hob or nob," "Your love and 
 mine." Foote, The Author, Act I. 
 
 Having drunk hob or nob with a young 
 lady in whose eyes he wished to appear a 
 man of consequence, he hurried out into the 
 summer-house. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, 
 Bk. VIII. ch. xxi. 
 
 I have . . . seen him and his poor com- 
 panion hob-and-nobbing together, until they 
 could scarce hold the noggin out of which 
 they drank. Thackeray, Virginians, ch. Ii. 
 
 " Have another glass ? " ""With you ; 
 Hob and nob," returned the sergeant ; " the 
 top of mine to the foot of yours ; the foot 
 of yours to the top of mine ; ring once, ring 
 twice ; the best tune on the musical glasses 
 your health ! " Dickens, Great Expecta- 
 tions, ch. v. 
 
 HOBSON, a Cambridge carrier, who 
 died in 1630-1. He let out horses, and 
 is said k> have insisted on his customers 
 always taking the horse which hap- 
 pened to be next the door. Hence 
 Hobsoris choice = no choice at all. If 
 the phrase was in use among his con- 
 temporaries, it is curious that Milton, 
 who wrote two jocose epitaphs on Hob- 
 son, should make no allusion to it. 
 Brown refers to some piece of advice 
 which was current in Hobson's name, 
 but which, as he states it, does not 
 seem to be very recondite.
 
 HOB'S POUND ( 316 ) 
 
 HO CAN 
 
 "Where to elect there is but one, 
 
 Tis Hobson's choice, Take that or none. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. 4, p. 326. 
 
 There was no opposition, which was a dis- 
 gust to the common people, for they wanted 
 a competition to make the money fly ; and 
 they said, Hobson's choice was no choice. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 163. 
 
 As for those that are married, the best way 
 they can take, as I presume, is to live as easy 
 as they can ; and following the good counsel 
 of Hobson the carrier, so to manage them- 
 selves as not to tire before their journey's 
 end. T. Brown, Works, iv. 175. 
 
 HOB'S POUND, a fix : another form of, 
 or perhaps a misprint for, Lob's pound, 
 q. v. in N. 
 
 "What ! are you all in Hob's pound ? "Well, 
 they as will may let you out for me. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. IV. ch. iii. 
 
 HOCK, HOCKS, deep mire. 
 
 Hockly in the Hole, so named of the miry 
 way in winter time. . . . For the old English- 
 men our Progenitours called deepe myre hock 
 and hocks. Holland's Camden, p. 402. 
 
 HOCKI.EY IN THE HOLE, the bear-gar- 
 den at Clerkenwell, but applied by 
 Butler to the stocks, " alluding pro- 
 bably " (says Dr. Grey) "to the two old 
 ballads entitled, Ilockley i tJi Hole, to 
 the tune of the Fidler in the Stocks." 
 For he no sooner was at large, 
 But Trulla straight brought on the charge, 
 And in the self-same limbo put 
 The Knight and Squire, where he was shut. 
 Where leaving them at Hockley f th' Hole 
 Their bangs and durance to condole, &c. 
 
 Hudibras, I. iii. 1003. 
 
 Hocus, a conjurer. 
 
 Our pamphlet-monger (that sputters out 
 senseless characters faster than any hocus can 
 vomit inkle) will needs take upon him to he 
 dictator of all society. Coffee-Houses Vindi- 
 cated, 1675 (Harl. Misc., vi. 473). 
 
 Did you never see a little hocus, by sleight 
 of hand popping a piece several times first 
 out of one pocket, and then out of another, 
 persuade folks he was damnable full of 
 money, when one poor size was all his stock ? 
 Loyal Observator, 1683 (Harl. Misc., vi. 67). 
 
 Hocus, to drug liquor. 
 
 " Thft opposite party bribed the barmaid 
 at the Town Arms to hocus the brandy-and- 
 water of fourteen impelled electors as was a 
 stoppin' in the house." " "What do you 
 mean by hocussing bran dy-and-water ?" in- 
 quired Mr. Pickwick. " Puttin' laud'num in 
 it," replied Sam. Pickwick Papers, ch. xiii. 
 For once in the palace we find Lady Alice 
 Again playing tricks with her Majesty's 
 chalice, 
 
 In the way that the jocose in 
 Our days term hocussing. 
 
 Ingoldsby Lee/ends (Hauseicarming). 
 
 HOCUS-POCUSLY, by stratagem, or as 
 by a conjuring trick. 
 
 Many of their hearers are not only method- 
 istically convinced or alarmed, but are also 
 hocus-pocusly converted ; for as some of their 
 preachers employ all their art and rhetoric 
 to alarm and terrify, so others of them use 
 their utmost skill to give them assurance of 
 their sins being pardoned. Life of J. Lack- 
 ington, Letter vii. 
 
 HODDED, bearing a hod. 
 Workmen in olden times would mount a 
 
 ladder 
 With hodded heads. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 120. 
 
 HODGE, a peasant or countryman. 
 
 These Arcadians are giuen to take the 
 benefit of euerie Hodye, when they will sacri- 
 fice their virginitie to Venus, . . . and sure 
 this boy is but some shepheard's bastard. 
 Greene, Menaphon, p. 58. 
 
 HODGE-RAZORS. See quotation ; so 
 called because sold to country bump- 
 kins (?) 
 
 Hodge-ra:ors in all conceivable kinds were 
 openly marketed, which were never meant 
 to shave, but only to be sold. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 289. 
 
 HOG, a shilling : an old cant term, 
 not peculiar to Ireland. 
 
 " It's only a tester or a hog they want 
 your honour to give 'em, to drink your 
 honour's health," said Paddy. " A hog to 
 drink my health ? " " Ay, that is a thirteen, 
 plase your honour ; all as one as an English 
 shilling." Miss Edgetporth, Ennui, ch. vi. 
 
 HOG, to scrape a ship's bottom 
 under water. 
 
 A very bad world indeed in some parts 
 hogged the moment it was launched a 
 number of rotten timbers. Wolcot, P. Pin- 
 dar, p. 168. 
 
 HOG. Every hog his own apple = 
 every one for himself. 
 
 I let them have share and share while it 
 lasted ; howsomever, I should have remem- 
 bered the old saying, Every hog his men apple; 
 for when they found my hold unstowed, they 
 went all hands to shooling and begging ; and 
 because I would not take a spell at the same 
 duty, refused to give me the least assistance. 
 Smollett, Rod. Random, ch. xli. 
 
 HOG AN, some sort of liquor. Taylor, 
 the water poet, speaks of a " high and 
 mighty drink called Rug," and again 
 of " Hogen Mogen Rugs." Perhaps
 
 HOG AN MOGAN ( 317 ) 
 
 HOLLOW 
 
 some liquor was called Hogan from its 
 high or heady qualities. See N. and Q., 
 V. i. 14. 
 
 Those who toast all the family royal 
 
 In bumpers of Hogan and Nog, 
 Have hearts not more true or more loyal, 
 Than mine is to sweet Molly Mog. 
 
 Misc. by Swift, Pope, &c., iv., 222 
 (ed. 1733). 
 
 For your reputation we keep to ourselves 
 your not hunting nor drinking hoyan, either 
 of which here would be sufficient to lay your 
 honour in the dust. Gray to H. Walpole, 
 1737. 
 
 HOGAN MOGAN, high and mighty : a 
 corruption of ffoogmogende, the title 
 of the States of the Netherlands ; hence 
 sometimes = Dutch ; sometimes used 
 for any persons who are great, or think 
 themselves so. 
 
 But I have sent him for a token 
 To your low-country hogen-moyen. 
 
 Hudibras, III. i. 1440. 
 
 The poor distressed is become Hogan- 
 Moyan, and the servus servorum, dominus 
 dominantium. Character of a Fanatic, 1675 
 (Harl. Misc., vii. 636). 
 
 Are . . . our armies commanded by hogan- 
 mogan generals that hate our nation ? T. 
 Brown, Works, iv. 122. 
 
 I perceive that the Temple and Grey's Inn 
 have declar'd me a publick enemy to the 
 Hoghen-Moghen learned in the law. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 520. 
 
 HOGGET, a two-year old sheep. 
 
 Two or three of the weaklier hoggets were 
 dead from want of air. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. xlii. 
 
 HOGGISH, piggishness ; brutal excess. 
 At Corrachattachin's, in hoggism sunk. 
 I got with punch, alas ! confounded drunk. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 108. 
 
 HOGHOOD, the nature of a hog. 
 
 The reckless shipwrecked man flung ashore, 
 ... as hungry Parisian pleasure-hunter and 
 half-pay, on many a Circe island with tempo- 
 rary enchantment, temporary conversion into 
 beasthood and hoghood. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. III. Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 HOG IN ARMOUR, a simile for a person 
 accoutred very cumbrously. 
 
 There were abundant of those silken back, 
 breast, and potts made and sold that were 
 pretended to be pistol proof ; in which any 
 man dressed up was as safe as in a house, for 
 it was impossible any one could go to strike 
 him for laughing ; so ridiculous was the 
 figure, as they say of hoys in armour. North, 
 Examen, p. 572. 
 
 HOG-RUBBER, a clown. 
 
 The very rusticks and hoy-rubbers, ... if 
 once they tast of this Loue liquor, are inspired 
 in an instant. Burton, Anatomy, p. 536. 
 
 HOGS. To drive hogs = to snore. 
 
 I'gad he fell asleep, and snored so loud, 
 that we thought he was driving his hogs to 
 market. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 HOGSTEER, a boar in its third year. 
 See H. s. v. hoggaster. 
 Hee scornes theese rascal tame games, but a 
 
 sounder of hogsteers, 
 Or thee brownye lion too stalck fro the 
 
 mountain he wissheth. 
 
 Stanyhurst, &n., iv. 163. 
 
 HOICKS, to salute or encourage with 
 the hunting cry. 
 
 Our adventurer's speech was drowned in 
 the acclamations of the fox-hunters, who 
 now triumphed in their turn, and hoicksed 
 the speaker, exclaiming, " "Well opened, 
 Jowler; to 'un, to 'un again, Sweetlips." 
 Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. ix. 
 
 HOLD, holding, land or tenement. 
 I am the landlord, keeper, of thy holds, 
 By copy all thy li ving lies in me. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 170. 
 
 HOLDFAST, firm ; steady. 
 
 O Goodnesse, let me (Badnesse) thee em- 
 brace 
 
 With hold-fast armes of euer-lasting loue. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 12. 
 
 HOLE, a scrape (slang). 
 
 I should be in a deadly hole myself if all 
 my customers should take it into their heads 
 to drink nothing but water-gruel. Smollett, 
 Sir L. Greaves, ch. xvi. 
 
 I should take great pleasure in serving 
 you, and getting you out of this hole, but my 
 lord, you know, is a great man, and can, in a 
 manner, do what he pleases with poor people. 
 Johnston, Chrysal, i. 132. 
 
 HOLINIGHT, festal night. 
 "When the dusk holiday or holinight 
 Of fragrant-curtain'd love begins to weave 
 The woof of darkness thick for hid delight. 
 Keats, The Day is Gone. 
 
 HOLLANDERESS, woman of Holland. 
 
 Being a Hollanderess, she only sent me 
 most wretched food. Heine, Prose Misc., 
 transl. by Fleishman, p. 101. 
 
 HOLLOW, complete ; out and out, or 
 easily. L. notices this colloquialism, 
 but gives no example. 
 
 So, my lord, you and I are both distanced > 
 a hollow thing, damme. Colman, Jealous 
 Wife, Act V. 
 
 Wildfire reached the post, and Squire 
 Burton won the match holloic. Miss Edge- 
 worth, Patronage, ch. iii.
 
 HOLMEN 
 
 HONE 
 
 HOLMEN, belonging to the holm tree. 
 Hee makes a shift to cut an kolmen pole. 
 
 Sylvester, Maiden's Blush, 541. 
 The lad here loads the Asse with holmen 
 sprayes. Ibid. 1782. 
 
 HOLUS-BOLUS, all at once. See extract 
 8. v. SAR. 
 
 She appeared to lose all command over 
 herself, and making a sudden snatch at the 
 heap of silver, put it back holus-bolus in her 
 pocket. Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone, Pt. 
 I. ch. xv. 
 
 HOLY, to canonize. 
 Harp. I hug thee 
 
 For drilling thy quick brains in this rich plot 
 Of tortures 'gainst the Christians ; on ! I 
 
 hug thee. 
 Theoph. Both hug and holy me. 
 
 Massinyer, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2. 
 
 HOLYFAX LAW or INQUEST, to be hung 
 first and tried afterwards. It is sug- 
 gested (N. and Q., V. iv. 179) that this 
 may be the origin of the phrase, "Go 
 to Halifax; " also of the mention of this 
 town in the thieves' Litany: "From 
 Hell, Hull, and Halifax, Good Lord, 
 deliver us." The h'rst quotation is 
 from the same vol. of N. and Q., p. 
 16, and is part of an unpublished letter 
 from Wentworth, explaining his con- 
 duct in the matter of Lord Mount- 
 morris. 
 
 Alas! all this comes too late. Hallifax 
 lawe hath been executed in kinde ; I am 
 allready hanged, and now wee cum to ex- 
 amine and consider of the evidence. 
 More cruel than the craven satire's ghost, 
 That bound dead bones unto a burning post; 
 Or some more straight-laced juror of the rest 
 Impanel'd of an Holyfax inquest. 
 
 Hall, Sat., IV. i. 18. 
 
 HOME. To bring oneself home = to 
 recover what had been previously lost. 
 
 Her patroness had very different fortune, 
 having lost every rubber ; and, what was still 
 worse, several by-bets which she had made to 
 briny herself home. Johnston, Chrysal, \. 218. 
 
 He is a little out of cash just now, as you 
 may suppose by his appearance, so instead of 
 buying books, he comes to sell them. How- 
 ever, he has taken a very good road to bring 
 himself home again, for we pay very hand- 
 somely. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. VIII. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 HOMELY, rough ; rude. The word 
 might still be so applied to fare, ac- 
 commodation, &c., but not as in the 
 extract. 
 
 Homely playe it is and a madde pastime 
 where men by the course of the game go 
 
 together by the eares, and many times 
 murdre one an other. UdaTs Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 218. 
 
 HOMER, closer ; more home. 
 
 To put the affront the homer, [Prince 
 E;ipertJ resolv'd that very day to march 
 quite thorow the middle of the Quarters. 
 Prince Rupert's late beatiny up the rebels' 
 quarters at Post-comb and Chenner, 1643, p. 2. 
 
 HOME-SICKNESS, a pining for home. 
 Home-sickness is a wasting pang, 
 
 This feel I hourly more and more : 
 There's healing only in thy wings, 
 
 Thou breeze that play'st on Albion's shore! 
 Coleridge, Home-sick. 
 
 I firmly believe in the magnetic effect of 
 the place where one has been bred, and have 
 continually the true "heinuceh" home-sickness, 
 of the Swiss and Highlanders. C. Kinysley 
 (Life, i. 3). 
 
 HOMEWARDLY, in the direction of 
 home. 
 
 It was eve 
 "When homewardly I went. 
 
 Southey, Hannah. 
 
 HOMILISTICAL, belonging to or suited 
 for homilies : homiletical is the usual 
 word. 
 
 These were the grand Divines in all Times 
 and Places, not superficially armed with 
 light armour, onely for the preaching or 
 Homilisticall flourishes of a Pulpit, but with 
 the weighty and complete armour of veter- 
 aue and valiant souldiers. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 621. 
 
 HOMUNCULE, mannikin. 
 
 The giant saw the homuncule was irascible, 
 and played upon him. Eeade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. vii. 
 
 HOMY, home-like. 
 
 I saw . . . plenty of our dear English 
 "lady's smock" in the wet meadows near 
 here, which looked very homy. C. Kinysley, 
 1864 (Life, ii. 168). 
 
 HONE. See extract : the locality 
 referred to is Yorkshire. 
 
 Districts abounding in circular barrows, 
 or, as they are here called from the Norse 
 name, hones, and redundantly, lione-hills. 
 Archtnol., xlii. 170 (1868). 
 
 HONE, to lament. 
 
 Some of the oxen in driving missed their 
 fellows behind, and honing after them, bel- 
 lowed, as their nature is. Holland, Livy, 
 p. 6. 
 
 She brought a servant up with her (said 
 he), who hones after the country, and is actu- 
 ally gone, or soon will. Richardson, Grandi- 
 son, i. 264.
 
 HONEST WOMAN ( 319 ) 
 
 HOOK 
 
 Thou awakest to hone, and pine, and moan, 
 as if she had drawn a hot iron across thy 
 lips. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, i. 105. 
 
 He lies pitying himself, honing and moan- 
 ing over himself. Lamb's Essays (The Con- 
 valescent). 
 
 HONEST WOMAN. A woman who is 
 married after having been seduced is 
 said to be made an honest woman. 
 Kichardson calls it a Lancashire phrase, 
 but I fancy it is common in most parts 
 of England. 
 
 "You yourself was brought to bed of 
 sister there within a week after you was 
 married." "Yes, hussy," answered the en- 
 raged mother, " so I was, and what was the 
 mighty matter of that? I was made an 
 honest woman then ; and if you was to be 
 made an honest woman I should not be 
 angry." Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 The Lord grant, say I, that he may be laid 
 hold of, and obliged to make a ruined girl an 
 honest woman, as they phrase it in Lanca- 
 shire. Richardson, Grandison, iv. 275. 
 
 HONEY -BIRD, bee. 
 The world have but one God, Heav'n but one 
 
 Sun, 
 Quails but one chief, the Hony-Birds but 
 
 one, 
 One Master-Bee. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 1143. 
 
 HONEY-BLOB. See first extract. 
 
 As he returned to the Tower, he stopped 
 the coach at Charing Cross to buy honey- 
 blobs, as the Scotch call gooseberries. Wai- 
 pole, Letters, i. 144 (1746). 
 
 Rosey had done eating her pine-apple, 
 artlessly confessing (to Percy Sibwright's 
 inquiries) that she preferred it to the rasps 
 and hinny-blobs in her grandmamma's garden. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xxiii. 
 
 HONEYMOON, to spend a honeymoon. 
 
 As soon as I can get his discharge, and he 
 has done honeymooning, we shall start. 
 Huylies, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xlvii. 
 
 HONEY-PEOPLE, bees. 
 
 Nor never did the pretty little king 
 
 Of hony-people in a sunshine day 
 
 Lead to the field in orderly array 
 
 More busie buzzers, when he casteth (witty) 
 
 The first foundations of his waxen city. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 330. 
 
 HONEY-SOPS, a term of endearment. 
 Will. Ha, my sweet honey-sops, how dost 
 thou? 
 Peg. Well, I thank you, William. 
 
 Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eng. 
 Dr., iii. 330). 
 
 HONORIFICENCE, honour ; a doing of 
 honours. 
 
 There is honorijtcentia (rtatis, the honorifi- 
 cence of age. Bp. Hall, Works, x. 255. 
 
 HONOUR BRIGHT, a colloquial assur- 
 ance of truth or sincerity. 
 
 The phrase of the lowest of the people is 
 "honour bright" and their vulgar praise, 
 " His word is as good as his bond." Emerson, 
 Eng. Traits, ch. vii. 
 
 HONOURS, obeisance ; reverence. 
 
 We observ'd there a colonel and his agent, 
 upon whom a pretty brisk youth of about 
 seventeen attended at three or four yards' 
 distance in the rear, and made his honours 
 upon every occasion.!'. Brown, Works, iii. 
 121. 
 
 Caroline arose from her seat, made her 
 curtsey awkwardly enough, with the air of 
 a boarding-school miss, her hands before her. 
 My father let her make her honours, and go 
 to the door. Richardson, Grandison, ii. 190. 
 
 HOODWINK, disguise ; concealment. 
 N. quotes Drayton for this substantive, 
 but there it means a game (hoodman- 
 blind). 
 
 No more dooth she laboure too mask her 
 Phansye with hudwinck. Stanyhurst, ^En., 
 iv. 176. 
 
 HOOF. To beat or pad the hoof, or 
 to be upon the hoof = to walk ; to be 
 on the move. 
 
 A mischance befel the horse which lam'd 
 him as he went a wat'ring to the Seine, inso- 
 much that the Secretary was put to beat the 
 hoof himself, and foot it home. Howell, 
 Letters, I. i. 17. 
 
 These employments are laborious and 
 mortifying ; a man that is thus upon the hoof 
 can scarce find leisure for diversion. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 293. 
 
 Charley Bates expressed his opinion that 
 it was time to pad the hoof. This, it occurred 
 to Oliver, must be French for going out, for 
 directly afterwards the Dodger, and Charley, 
 and the two young ladies went away to- 
 gether. Oliver Tivist, ch. ix. 
 
 HOOFY, belonging to a hoof. Hip- 
 pocrene, a fountain near Helicon, is 
 said to have sprung up when the ground 
 was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. 
 Then parte in name of peace, and softly on 
 With numerous feete to Hoofy Helicon. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 441. 
 
 HOOK. To hook it is slang for to 
 depart, or ran away ; perhaps from the 
 practice referred to in the next entry. 
 See quotation s. v. FLY. 
 
 Every school-boy knows that the lion has 
 a claw at the end of his tail, with which 
 he lashes himself into fury. When the
 
 HOOK 
 
 ( 320 ) 
 
 HORN-MAD 
 
 experienced hunter sees him doing that, he, 
 so to speak, " hooks it." H.Kingsley, Ravens- 
 hoe, ch. Ix. 
 
 HOOK. Thieves used to steal things 
 hanging up in shops by dexterously 
 removing them with a hook. 
 
 Is not this braver than sneak all night in 
 danger, 
 
 Picking of locks, or hooking cloths at win- 
 dows. Allmmazar, iii. 3. 
 
 HOOKER, a thief ; one who snatched 
 things from a shop or stall with a hook. 
 See H. s. v. hoker. Cf . HOOK. 
 A false knaue needs no brokers, but a broker 
 Needs a false knaue (a hangman or a hooker). 
 Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 43. 
 
 These sly theeues and night-AooArers . . 
 committed such felonious outrages. Hol- 
 land, Pliny, xix. 4. 
 
 HOOKY, hooked. 
 
 And then the sordid bargain to close, 
 With a miniature sketch of his hooky nose, 
 And his dear dark eyes as black as sloes, 
 And his beard and whiskers as black as those, 
 The lady's consent he requited. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegy. 
 
 HOOSE, hose (?); clothe with hose (?). 
 
 Clothe cut ouerthwart and agaynste the 
 wulle can neuer hoose & manne cleane. 
 Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 124. 
 
 HOP, a dancing party of an unfashion- 
 able kind, though not always restricted 
 to such, especially in the present day. 
 
 Whilst the people of fashion seized several 
 places to their own use, such as courts, 
 assemblies, operas, balls, &c., the people of 
 no fashion, besides one royal place called his 
 Majesty's Bear-garden, have been in constant 
 possession of all hops, fairs, revels, &c. 
 Fielding, Jos. A ndreics, Bk. II. ch. xiii. 
 
 [The vulgar] now thrust themselves into 
 all assemblies, from a ridotto at St. James's 
 to a hop at Rotherhithe. Smollett, Hum- 
 phrey Clinker, i. 134. 
 
 I remember last Christmas, at a little hop 
 at the Park, he danced from eight o'clock 
 till four. Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 I guess this is a different sort of business 
 to the hops at old Levison's, where you first 
 learned the polka, and where we had to pay 
 a shilling a glass for negus. Thackeray, 
 Ntwcomes, ch. xxii. 
 
 HOP. The absurd etymology in the 
 extract may be worth preserving. 
 
 No commodity starteth so soon and sink- 
 eth so saddainly in the price, whence some 
 will have them [hops'] so named from hopping 
 in a little time betwixt a great distance in 
 valuation. Fuller, Worthies, Essex (i. 337). 
 
 HOPPER, a hop-picker. 
 
 Many of these hoppers are Irish, but many 
 come from London. Dickens, Uncommercial 
 Traveller, xi. 
 
 HOPPER-CROW. Hopper a seed- 
 basket, and crows follow the fanner 
 when he is sowing corn, picking up 
 what they can, yet this seems hardly 
 to explain "gather feathers" in the 
 extract. 
 
 What ! was I born to be the scorn of kin ? 
 To gather feathers like a hopper-crow, 
 And lose them in the height of all my pomp ? 
 Greene, James IV., \. 2. 
 
 HOPPER-HIPPED, lame in the hip. 
 
 She is bow-legged, hopper-hipped, and be- 
 twixt pomatum and Spanish red has a com- 
 plexion like Holland cheese. Wycherley, 
 Love in a Wood, ii. 1. 
 
 HOP -SCOT, a game, usually called 
 hop-scotch. A boy hopping on one 
 foot pushes therewith a stone from one 
 square to another in a plan marked on 
 the ground. 
 
 A very common game at every school 
 called hop-scot. Archaologia, ix. 18 (1789). 
 
 HORKEY, harvest-home feast. 
 Home came the jovial Horkey load, 
 
 Last of the whole year's crop ; 
 And Grace amongst the green boughs rode, 
 
 Kight plump upon the top. 
 
 Bloonifield, The Horkey. 
 
 HORMANGORGS, apparently = legs or 
 feet. 
 
 Without those gaiters I know not how my 
 poor hormanyorgs are to be kept warm. 
 Southey, Letters, 1811 (ii. 235). 
 
 HORNER, adulterer or cuckold-maker. 
 And many a Lawyer was painstaker 
 'Twixt cuckold and the cuckold-maker ; 
 Till th' Jury weighing the disgraces, 
 And that it might be their own cases, 
 Their favour gave with sense adorn 'd, 
 Not to the homer, but the horn'd. 
 
 WUrfey, Collins Walk, cunt. 3. 
 
 HORN-MAD, raving mad : generally 
 with some reference to cuckoldom. 
 All that I speak I mean, yet I'm not mad, 
 Not horn-mad, see you ? Go to, show yourself 
 Obedient, and a wife. Jonson, Fox, iii. 6. 
 
 Proud and vainglorious persons are cer- 
 tainly mad ; and so are lascivious : I can feele 
 their pulses beat hither, horne mad some of 
 them, to let others lye with their wives and 
 winke at it. Burton, Democ. to Reader, p. 74. 
 
 Death and Furies, will you not hear me 't 
 Why, by Heaven, she laughs, grins, points to 
 your back ; she forks out cuckoldom with her 
 fingers, and you're running horn mad after
 
 HORN-MADDED ( 321 ) HORSE AND FOOT 
 
 your fortune. Conyreve, Double Dealer, 
 Act IV. 
 
 HORN- MADDED, made very mad: 
 there is probably also a reference to 
 cuckoldorn. 
 
 The Houses know not what to think, 
 The Cits horn-madded be. 
 
 Needham, Eiig. Rebellion, 1661 
 (Harl. Misc., ii. 523). 
 
 HORN-SHEATH, scabbard of horn. 
 
 Among other customs they have in that 
 town [Genoa], one is, that none must carry a 
 pointed knife about him ; which makes the 
 Hollander, who is us'd to snik and snee, to 
 leave his horn-sheath and knife a shipboard 
 when he comes ashore. Ho well. Letters. I. 
 i.41. 
 
 HORRIFIGATION, something that 
 causes horror. 
 
 As the old woman and her miserable blue 
 light went on before us, I could almost have 
 thought of Sir Betrand, or of some German 
 horrifications. Miss Edgeworth, Belinda, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 HORHISONANT, terribly sounding. 
 
 If it had been necessary to exact implicit 
 and profound belief by mysterious and hori- 
 sonant (sic) terms, he could have amazed the 
 listener with the Lords of Decanats, the Five 
 Fortitudes, and the Head and Tail of the 
 Dragon. Southey, The Doctor, ch. Ixxxvi. 
 
 HORROR, awe, without any repug- 
 nance implied. 
 
 That super-coelestial food in the Lord's 
 Supper which a Christian ought not once to 
 think of without a sacred kind of horror and 
 reverence. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 56. 
 
 The Abbey of Westminster . . . struck a 
 sort of sacred horror into us, and inspir'd an 
 unsought devotion to the deity it was erected 
 to. T. Brown, Works, iii. 126. 
 
 HORRORS, extreme depression, especi- 
 ally that which follows on hard drink- 
 ing, or the terror suffered in delirium 
 tremens. 
 
 As you promise our stay shall be short, if 
 I don't die of the horrors, I shall certainly 
 try to make the agreeable. Miss Ferrier, 
 Marriage, ch. iii. 
 
 Give me the keys, dad, and let me get a 
 drink of brandy ; I've been vexed and had 
 nought to drink all night. I shall be getting 
 the horrors if I don't have something before 
 I go to bed. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. vi. 
 
 HORSE, a stand or framework on 
 which anything is placed or sup- 
 ported. Cf. CLOTHES-HORSE. The ex- 
 tract is from a description by a gentle- 
 man to an English friend of his passage 
 over M. Cenis. 
 
 A kind of horse, as it is called with you, 
 with two poles like those of chairmen, was 
 the vehicle ; on which is secured a sort of 
 elbow-chair in which the traveller sits 
 Richardson, Grandison, iv. 299. 
 
 HORSK, to ride ; also to mount a boy 
 on another person's back, for the con- 
 venience of flogging him. L. has an 
 instate where the word is used of a 
 man who was carrying a deer on his 
 back. 
 
 Up early, and my father and I alone talked 
 about our business, and then we all horsed 
 away to Cambridge. Pepys, Sept. 19, 1661. 
 
 Here, Jacky, down with his trousers, and 
 horse him for me directly. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, i. 104. 
 
 Andrew was ordered to horse, and Frank lo 
 flog the criminal. Ibid. i. 232. 
 
 HORSE, used as a term of reproach : 
 this I suppose to be the meaning of the 
 pun in the second extract. 
 
 If I tell thee a lie, spit in my face, call me 
 horse. 1 Hen. IV., II. iv. 
 
 Your mayor (a very horse, and a traitor to 
 our city) . . . must quarrel with the boys 
 at their recreations. British Bellman, 1648 
 (Harl. Misc., vii. 635). 
 
 Tell the old rascal that sent you hither 
 that I spit in his face, and call him horse. 
 Smollett, P. Pickle, ch. xiv. 
 
 HORSE. 
 
 After this we went to a sport called selling 
 of a horse for a dish of eggs and herrings, and 
 sat talking there till almost twelve at night. 
 Pepys, Feb. 2, 1659-60. 
 
 HORSE. To ride the high horse = to 
 take high ground ; to be proud. 
 
 She appeared to be on her high horse to- 
 night ; both her words and her air seemed 
 intended to excite not only the admiration, 
 but the amazement of her auditors. C. 
 Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 Rooster forsooth must ride the high horse 
 now he is married and lives at Chanticlere, 
 and give her warning to avoid my company 
 or his. Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. Ivii. 
 
 HORSE AND FOOT, right and left. 
 
 I made a dangerous thrust at him, and 
 violently overthrew him horse and foot. 
 Grim, The Collier, Act IV. 
 
 The house always found out who were 
 their guardians and sponsors to answer for 
 them ; and such never failed through their 
 indiscretions, presumptions, importunities, 
 subterfuges, or tricks, to give advantage 
 against themselves ; and in a few days com- 
 monly were routed horse and foot. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, i. 175. 
 
 She played at pharaoh two or three times 
 at Princess Craon's, where she cheats horse 
 and foot. Walpole, Letters, i. 87 (1740). 
 V
 
 HORSE AND HATTOCK ( 322 ) 
 
 HORSINESS 
 
 HORSE AND HATTOCK. See quotation 
 and H. s. v. 
 
 Being in the fields, he heard the noise of 
 a whirlwind, and of voices crying, Horse and 
 Hattock (this is the word which the fairies 
 are said to use when they remove from any 
 place), whereupon he cried Horse and Hattock 
 also, and was immediately caught up and 
 transported through the air by the fairies. 
 Letter to Aubrey, March 25, 169l(Misc., 
 p. 149). 
 
 Away with you, sirs, get your boots and 
 your beasts horse and hattock, I say, and let 
 us meet at the East Port. Scott, Fair Maid 
 of Perth, i. 140. 
 
 HORSE -GODMOTHER, a large coarse 
 woman. 
 
 In woman, angel-sweetness let me see, 
 No galloping horse-yodmothers for me. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 14. 
 
 HORSE-KOPER, horse-dealer. Cope = 
 to exchange. The place spoken of is 
 Penkrige in Staffordshire. 
 
 "We were told there were not less than an 
 hundred jockeys or horse-kopers, as they call 
 them there, from London, to buy horses for 
 sale. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 397. 
 
 HORSE-MEAL, food without drink. 
 
 Eating never hurt any one who washed 
 down his victuals with a glass of good wine ; 
 horse-meals indeed are enough to choak hu- 
 man creatures. Johnston, Chrysal, i. 220. 
 
 HORSE NEST, something ridiculous or 
 unfounded : mares nest is more com- 
 mon. 
 
 Soom grammatical pullet, hacht in Dis- 
 pater his sachel, would stand clocking agaynat 
 mee, as though hee had found an horse nest, in 
 laying that downe for a fait that perhaps I 
 dooe knowe better then hee. Stanyhurst, 
 Virgil (To the .Reader). 
 
 To laugh at a horse nest, 
 
 And whine too like a boy, 
 If anything do crosse his miude, 
 Though it be but a toy. 
 
 Breton, Schoole of Fancie, p. 6. 
 
 HORSE NIGHT-CAP. N., who cites the 
 first extract, explains it " a bundle of 
 straw," but it eeems to mean a night- 
 cap used at executions. 
 
 Those that clip that they should not, shall 
 have a horse niyht-cap for their labour. 
 Pennyless Parliament, 1608 (Harl. Misc., i. 
 181). 
 
 He better deserves to go up Holbonrn in a 
 wooden chariot, and have a horse niyht-cap 
 put on at the farther end. Dialogue on Ox- 
 ford Parliament, 1681 (Ibid. ii. 125). 
 
 HORSE-PLAY, rough sport. Horse in 
 composition of ten means large or course : 
 horse-lauyh, horse-godmother, &c. 
 
 They served you right enough ; will you 
 never have done with your horse-play? 
 (Jibber, Prov. Husband, Act II. 
 
 HORSEPONDED, ducked in a horsepond. 
 
 " Horsewhipt ! Miss Beverley, pray did 
 you say any such thing ? " " Ay," cried 
 Monctou again, " and not only horsewhipt, 
 but horseponded, for she thought when one 
 had heated, the other might cool you." 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. VI. ch. x. 
 
 If she had ordered me to be horseponded, 
 I do protest to you I would not have de- 
 murred. Ibid., Camilla, Bk. III. ch. x. 
 
 HORSE RUNNING, horse race. 
 
 The Forest of Galtres, . . . very notorious 
 in these daies by reason of a solemne horse 
 running, wherein the horse that outrunneth 
 the rest hath for his prise a little golden bell. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 723. 
 
 HORSES. To set up horses together = 
 to unite or agree. See another extract 
 from Brown, s. v. TUB-DRUBBER. 
 
 If the Spaniards and French set up their 
 horses no better in your world than they do 
 with us, 'tis easy to predict that the unna- 
 tural conjunction of the two kingdoms will 
 be soon shatter'd to pieces. T. Brown, 
 Works, ii. 288. 
 
 HORSE'S-LEG, a species of bassoon. 
 
 He was also taught . . . how to play pass- 
 ably upon several of those numerous instru- 
 ments which make up a complete country 
 choir ; that called the Horse 's-leg being 
 Asaph's favourite ; though, to speak the 
 truth, nearly as much music might have 
 been brought out of its prototype as he ever 
 produced from the Bassoon itself. Legends 
 of London, ii. 183 (1832). 
 
 HORSE-TRICK, a rough practical joke. 
 
 Make her leap, caper, jerk, and laugh, and 
 
 sing, 
 And play me horse-tricks. 
 
 Merry Devil of Edmonton (Dodsley, 0. 
 PL, xi. 136). 
 
 HORSEWOMAN, a woman who rides. 
 
 Nor did her attendant do her much good 
 by his comments on Miss Crawford's great 
 cleverness as a horsewoman. Miss Austen, 
 Mansfield Park, ch. vii. 
 
 HORSINESS, that which pertains to 
 horses, as the smell of a stable. 
 
 Eli:. Your boots are from the horses. 
 Bed. Ay, my lady. 
 
 "When next there comes a missive from the 
 
 Queen, 
 
 It shall be all my study for one hour 
 To rose and lavender my horsiness, 
 Before I dare to glance upon your Grace. 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, iii. 5.
 
 HORSY 
 
 ( 3*3 ) 
 
 HOT WATER 
 
 HORSY, connected with horses ; sport- 
 ing. 
 
 There was a gentleman with bandy legs 
 who was horsy. I strongly object to using a 
 slang adjective, if any other can be got to 
 supply its place ; but by doing so sometimes 
 one avoids a periphrasis, and does not spoil 
 one's period. Thus I know of no predicate 
 for a gentleman with a particular sort of 
 hair, complexion, dress, whiskers, and legs, 
 except the one I have used above. H. 
 Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. xxx. 
 
 HOSE. The hose are meant for the 
 feet or legs, hence perhaps a man with 
 a hose on his head = a fool, one with 
 the wrong side uppermost. 
 
 Well, come, a man's a man if he has but a 
 hose on his head. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. ii.). 
 
 HOSE, the outer covering of straw or 
 corn. 
 
 The hot Sun arising sealeth (to use the 
 Husbandman's phrase) the Mildew upon the 
 Straw, and so intercepteth the nourishment 
 betwixt the Root and the Ear, especially if 
 it falleth not on the Hoase (which is but 
 another case, and hath another Tunicle under 
 it), but on the stripped Straw near to the 
 top of the Stalk. Fuller, Worthies. Middle- 
 sex (ii. 48). 
 
 The honey-dews . . . close and glew up the 
 tender hose of the ear. Ellis, Modern Hus- 
 bandman, II. i. 2 (1750). 
 
 HOSE AND DOUBLET, Out and out (?) ; 
 
 or perhaps " hose and dublet stinck- 
 ard " = one who bewrays his clothes. 
 O tis a grave old louer that same Duke, 
 And chooses minions rarely, if you marke 
 
 him: 
 
 The noble Medice,that man, that Bobbadilla, 
 That foolish knaue, that hose and dublet 
 
 stinckard. Chapman, Gentleman Vsher,v. 1. 
 
 HOSELESS, without stockings. 
 
 She smiled, and calmly seating herself, 
 protruded her foot, shod, but hoseless and 
 scented. Eeade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxiv. 
 
 HOST. To reckon without one's host 
 = to be disappointed in a plan. Hey- 
 lin gives the proverb in a fuller form. 
 See also H. s. v. 
 
 He that hath to deale with that nation 
 [Spain] must have good store of phlegme 
 and patience, and both for his staye and suc- 
 cesse of businesse, may often reckon ttrithout 
 his host upon the businesse went about, and 
 for any one to prescribe a precise time to 
 conclude any businesse there, is to reckon 
 without one's host. Howell, Forraine Travell, 
 sect. 10. 
 
 The old English proverb telleth us that 
 "they that reckon without their host are to 
 
 reckon tmce ; " and so it fared with this in- 
 fatuated people. Heylin, Hist, of Reforma- 
 tion, i. 93. 
 
 HOT-BRAIN, an impetuous, fiery per- 
 son. 
 
 Orators' wives shortly will be known like 
 images on water-stairs, ever in one weather- 
 beaten suit, as if none wore hoods but monks 
 and ladies, . . . nor perriwigs but players and 
 hot-brains. Machin, Dumb Kniyht, Act I. 
 
 HOTEL. See extract. Ash's Diction- 
 ary (1775) has " Hostel, an inn, an 
 hotel;" Barclay (1792) has "Hostel, 
 pronounced Hotel ; " and Walker (1817) 
 gives " Hostel, Hotel, a genteel inn : 
 this word is now universally pronounced 
 and written without the ." In the 
 quotation from Combe the word requires 
 to be pronounced after the fashion of 
 Meg Dods. 
 
 This Gallic word (hotel) was first introduced 
 in Scotland during the author's childhood, 
 and was so pronounced \hottle] by the lower 
 class. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ch. i., note. 
 
 He a convenient sitting shar'd ; 
 
 Pat took his place beside the guard ; 
 
 And having safe arriv'd in town, 
 
 At Hatchett's Hotel were set down. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. vi. 
 
 HOT-FOOT, quickly ; eagerly : in the 
 form fote-hot it occurs in early writers. 
 SeeH. 
 
 The stream was deep here, but some fifty 
 yards below was a shallow for which he made 
 off hot-foot. Hughes, Tom Urown's School- 
 Days, Pt. I. ch. ix. 
 
 HOT-TOT. Grose, quoted by H., defines 
 it a mixture of ale and spirits made 
 hot, and it is still used in Sussex in this 
 sense (Parish's Glossary), but in the 
 subjoined extract it means some hot 
 edible. 
 
 The Colonel himself was great at making 
 hash mutton, hot-pot, curry, and pillau. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xvi. 
 
 HOTTENTOTISM. See extract. 
 
 The very name of Hottentots applied to 
 the Mamaques and other kindred tribes ap- 
 pears to be . . a rude imitative word coined 
 by the Dutch to express the clicking " hot en- 
 tot," and the term Hottentotism has been 
 thence adopted as a medical description of 
 one of the varieties of stammering. E. 
 Tyler, Primitive Culture, i. 172. 
 
 HOTTERING, raging. 
 Haply, but for her, I should ha' gone 
 hotteriny mad. Dickens, Hard Times, ch. xi. 
 
 HOT WATER, scrape, or state of quar- 
 relling. 
 
 y 2
 
 HOULLIES 
 
 (324) HO USE- TO-HO USE 
 
 " It is our battle he is describing." " Which 
 of 'em ? we live in hot-water." Readt, Never 
 too late to Mend, ch. Ixx. 
 
 Toin . . . was in everlasting hot water as 
 the most incorrigible scapegrace for ten 
 miles round. C. Kingsley, Two Years Ayo, 
 ch. i. 
 
 HOULLIES. See extract. 
 
 The occasion why I was mention'd was 
 from what I had said in my Sylva three 
 years before about a sort of fuell for a neede 
 which obstructed a patent of Lord Carling- 
 ford, who had been seeking for it himselfe. 
 ... In the meantime they had made an 
 experiment of my receipt of houllies, which I 
 mention in my booke to be made at Maes- 
 tricht with a mixture of charcoal dust and 
 loame, and which was tried with successe at 
 Gresham Colledge. Evelyn, Diary, July 2, 
 1667. 
 
 HOUND. The etymology in the text 
 is cited as curious, rot as correct. The 
 extract is from a Treatise on English 
 Dogs, written by Dr. Cains in Latin for 
 Conrad Gesner, 1536, and translated by 
 A. Fleming, 1576. 
 
 Hound is derived of our English word 
 " hunt." One letter changed into another, 
 namely, T into D, as " hunt," " hund : " whom 
 if you conjecture to be so named of your 
 country word Hunde, which signifieth the 
 general name " Dog," because of the simili- 
 tude and likeness of the words, I will not 
 stand in contradiction, friend Gesner ! . . . . 
 As in your language hunde is the common 
 word, so in our natural tongue dog is the 
 universal ; but hound is particular, and a 
 special ; for it signifieth such a dog only as 
 serveth to hunt, and therefore it is called a 
 hound. Eng. Garner, iii. 263. 
 
 HOUSE. L. illustrates Tke House = 
 House of Parliament, also theatre ; but 
 The House likewise = the Union work- 
 house. 
 
 We've had Larkins the baker coming to 
 inquire if there's parish pay to look to for 
 your bill, Mrs. Armstrong, and I have told 
 him No, not a farthing, not the quarter of a 
 farthing, unless you'll come into the house. 
 Mrs. Trollope, Michael Armstrong, ch. iv. 
 
 HOUSE-DOVE, a stay-at-home. 
 
 Then the home-tarriers and house-doves 
 that kept Home still began to repent them 
 that it was not their hap to go with him. 
 North's Plutarch, Coriolanus, p. 14 (ed. Skeat). 
 
 Tis as daintie to see you abroad as to eate 
 a messe of sweete milke in Italy ; you are 
 proude such a house done of late, or rather 
 so good a Huswife, that no man may see you 
 under a couple of Capons. Greene, Mena- 
 phon, p. 85. 
 
 I ... was not such a house-dove . . . but 
 that I had visited some houses in London. 
 
 Ibid., Theeves falling out, 1615 (Harl. Misc., 
 viii. 401). 
 
 He had two daughters that knew well how 
 to order a house : they were his house-doves, 
 but now they are flown. Broome, Jovial 
 Crew, Act IV. 
 
 HOUSELESSNESS, the condition of 
 having no house. 
 
 In the course of those nights I finished 
 my education in a fair amateur experience of 
 houselessness. Dickens, Uncommercial Travel- 
 ler, xiii. 
 
 HOUSELET, little house. 
 
 The style of building strikes as being 
 more roomy and gentlemanlike than the 
 squeezed cabin-parloured houselets of Dover. 
 W. Taylor, 1802 (Robberds, Memoir, i. 410.) 
 
 HOUSEMATE, one who resides with 
 another. 
 
 A stranger of reverend aspect entered, 
 and, with grave salutation, stood before the 
 two" rather astonished housemates. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 HOUSE-MOTHER, the mistress of a 
 family: housewife is the more usual 
 term. 
 
 Men know not what the pantry is when it 
 grows empty ; only house-mothers know. O 
 women, wives of men that will only calculate, 
 and not act! Patrollotism is strong; but 
 death by starvation and military onfall is 
 stronger. Patrollotism represses male pa- 
 triotism, but female patriotism ? Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. iii. 
 
 The house-mother comes down to her family 
 with a sad face. Thackeray, Roundabout Pa- 
 pers, xviii. 
 
 HOUSE OUT OF WINDOWS, a state of 
 confusion. 
 
 We are at home now ; where, I warrant 
 you, you shall find the house flung out of the 
 windows. JBeaum. and Fl., Knt. of B. Pestle, 
 iii. 5. 
 
 Who troubles the house? Not unruly, 
 headstrong, debauched children, that are 
 ready to throw the house out of windows, 
 but the austere father. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 v. 195. 
 
 " I rejoice yon are come," says she ; " did 
 you not meet the house in the square ? " 
 " What means my Emily ? " " Why, it has 
 been flung out of windows, as the saying is. 
 Ah, Madam, we are all to pieces.' ; Richard- 
 son, Grandison, iv. 219. 
 
 HOUSE-TO-HOUSE, a compound word 
 used adjectivally, and meaning that 
 every house in a place is visited or 
 canvassed or inspected, as the case 
 m iy be, in regular order. 
 
 I am struck more and more with the 
 amount of disease and death I see around
 
 HOUSE-WARM ( 325 ) 
 
 HUDDLE 
 
 me in all classes, which no sanitary legisla- 
 tion whatsoever could touch, unless you had 
 a complete house -to- house visitation of a 
 government officer, with powers to enter 
 every house, to drain and ventilate it, and 
 not only do that, but to regulate the clothes 
 and the diet of every inhabitant, and that 
 among all ranks. C. Kinysley, 1859 (Life, ii. 
 96). 
 
 HOUSE-WARM, to make a feast on 
 persons going into a new house. The 
 substantive house-warming is in com- 
 mon use. 
 
 Up, and was presented by Burton, one of 
 our smiths' wives, with a very noble cake, 
 which I preseutly resolved to have my wife 
 go with to-day, and some wine, and house- 
 warm my Betty Michell. Pepys, Nov. 1, 
 1666. 
 
 HOUSTY. See quotation. 
 
 Lady Grenvile . . had a great opinion of 
 Lucy's medical skill, and always sent for her 
 if one of the children had a housty, i. e. sore- 
 throat. C. Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. xv. 
 
 MOVABLE, suitable. In the edition 
 of 1555 the reading is behouable. 
 
 Vouchesaue to here our wretchednes, and 
 prouyde a convenyeut and houable remedy 
 for the same. Bp. Fisher, p. 51. 
 
 How AND ABOUT, full particulars. 
 
 Be good, and write me everything how 
 and about it ; and write to the moment ; you 
 cannot be too minute. Richardson, Grandi- 
 son, vi. 63. 
 
 HOWRY, filthy. See Glossary to the 
 Exmoor Scolding (E. D. S.), s. v. Jiorry. 
 
 I 'ears es 'e'd gie fur a howry owd book 
 thutty pound an' moor. Tennyson, Village 
 Wife. 
 
 HOWSOMDEVER, a common vulgarism 
 for however. Howsomever occurs in 
 a quotation from Smollett, s. v. HOG. 
 The countrymen referred to in the 
 second extract are Berkshire men. 
 I didn't like my burth tho', howsomdever, 
 Because the yarn, you see, kept getting 
 
 tauter. 
 
 Hood, Sailor's Apology for J3ow-lec/s. 
 
 Howsumdever, as your countrymen say, I 
 shall have a shy at him. Hughes, Tom Brown 
 at Oxford, ch. xliv. 
 
 HOYDENISH, romping. 
 
 She is very handsome, and mighty gay and 
 giddy, half tonish and half hoydenish. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, i. 306. 
 
 She would be the better for a little polish- 
 ing, wouldn't she, eh ? Too hoydenish and 
 forward, I am afraid ; too fond of speaking 
 the truth. H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. xxviii. 
 
 Has, abbreviation of husband. 
 Tell me the prattle of our town, 
 Of all that's passing and has past, 
 Since your dear Hub beheld it last. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. ix. 
 
 HUBBER-BUBBER, in a state of rage or 
 excitement. 
 
 But as the staircase he descended, 
 He found the passage well defended ; 
 There the hag stood, all hubber-bubber, 
 A half.-dress'd form of living blubber. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iv. 
 
 HUBBUBISH, noisy. 
 Better remain by rubbish guarded, 
 Than thus hubbubish groan placarded. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 58. 
 
 HUCK, hip. 
 
 Once of a frosty night I slithered and 
 hurted my huck. Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 HUCKABACK, a stout, coarse material ; 
 hence used by Walpole for permanent, 
 something that will stand wear and tear. 
 
 Campbell - goodness no more wears out 
 than Campbell-beauty ; all their good quali- 
 ties are huckaback. Walpole, Letters, ii. 121 
 (1759). 
 
 Madame Dunois in the Fairy Tales used 
 to tapestry them with jonquils, but as that 
 furniture will not last above a fortnight in 
 the year, I shall prefer something more 
 huckaback. Ibid. iii. 24 (1765). 
 
 HUCKLE-BONE, according to the Diets, 
 hip-bone, and in some places it means 
 this, but see extract. 
 
 'AcrrpdyaAos is in Latin talus, and it is 
 the little square huccle bone in the ancle place 
 of the hinder legge in all beastes, sauing man, 
 and soche beastes as haue fingers, as for ex- 
 ample, apes and mounkeis, except also beastes 
 that haue the houfe of the fote not clouen, 
 but whole. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 185. 
 
 HUCKSON, hock or ankle. 
 
 Or, sweet lady, reach to me 
 The abdomen of a bee ; 
 Or commend a cricket's hip, 
 Or his huckson to my scrip. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 239. 
 
 HUDDE, a husk ; and so a term of 
 reproach : an empty fellow. 
 
 What, ye brain-sick fools, ye hoddy-pecks, 
 ye doddy-pouls, ye huddes, do ye believe 
 Him ? are ye seduced also ? Latimer, i. 136. 
 
 HUDDLE, confusedly. 
 
 Ib is impossible to set forth either all that 
 was (God knoweth!) tumultuously spoken, 
 and like as of mad men objected of so many, 
 which spake oftentimes huddle, so that one 
 couldn't well hear another. Ridley, p. 304.
 
 HUDDLE 
 
 ( 326 ) 
 
 HUGMATEE 
 
 HUDDLE, a term at shovel-board. 
 
 The Earl of Kildare, seeing his writ of 
 death brought iu, when he was at shuffle- 
 board, throws his cast with this in his mouth, 
 " Whatsoever that is, this is for a huddle." 
 Ward, Sei'mons, p. 58. 
 
 HUDDLE AND KETTLE. Huddle = 
 an old person, is in N., but I do not 
 know what kettle means in this con- 
 nection. 
 
 Stro. O noble Crone, 
 
 Now such a huddle and kettle neuer was. 
 
 Chapman, Gentleman Vsher, ii. 1. 
 
 HUDDLE - DUDDLE, an old decrepit 
 person. 
 
 Those gray - beard huddle - duddles and 
 crusty cum-twaugs were strooke with such 
 stinging remorse of their miserable euclion- 
 isme and snudgery that hee was not yet cold 
 in his grave but they challenged him to be 
 borne amongst them. NasJie, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Marl. Misc., vi. 147). 
 
 HUDDLE UPON HUDDLE, all in a heap. 
 
 Randal's fortunes come tumbling in like 
 lawyers' fees, huddle upon huddle. Rowley, 
 Match at Midnight, Act IV. 
 
 HUE, beauty. 
 
 Nor do I come, as Jupiter did erst 
 Unto the palace of Amphitryon, 
 For any fond or foul concupiscence 
 Which I do bear to Alcumena's hue. 
 
 Greene, Alphonsus, Act III. 
 As thus I sat disdaining, of proud Love, 
 " Have over, ferryman," there cried a boy ; 
 And with him was a paragon for hue, 
 A lovely damsel beauteous and coy. 
 
 Ibid. p. 300 (from Never too late). 
 
 HUE AND CRY, to hunt. 
 
 But what is become of the rest of our 
 minor plots of the Sham ? We may hue and 
 cry all over his book, and hear no tidings of 
 them. North, Examen, p. 233. 
 
 HUELESS, colourless. 
 
 The wild expression of intense anguish 
 . . . dwelt on those hueless and sunken fea- 
 tures. Lytton, Pelham, ch. vi. 
 
 His face flushed ; olive cheek and hueless 
 forehead received a glow. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xxvi. 
 
 HUFF, a swaggerer. 
 
 There are many men in the world who, 
 without the least arrogance or self-conceit, 
 have yet so just a value both for themselves 
 and others, as to scorn to flatter and gloss, 
 to fall down and worship, to lick the spittle 
 and kiss the feet of any proud, swelling, 
 overgrown, domineering huff whatsoever. 
 South, vi. 107. 
 
 I was acquainted with a captain ; he was a 
 man of punctilio and ceremony, better at his 
 tongue than at his weapon ; he swore better 
 
 than he fought, and was more famous for 
 caning his company than for storming half- 
 moons. This young huff commanded a ser- 
 geant to pay him respect. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 185. 
 
 HUFFCAP, as meaning strong ale, is 
 given in N., but in the extract it is 
 used as an adjective. 
 
 In what towne there is the signe of the 
 three mariners, the huffe-cappest drink in that 
 house you shall be sure of alwayes. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Earl. Misc., vi. 180). 
 
 HUFFINESS, readiness to take of- 
 fence. The writer of a letter in TJie 
 Guardian newspaper, March 17, 1880, 
 speaks of " huffiness (if I may coin the 
 word)." 
 
 It would be time well spent that should 
 join professional studies with that degree of 
 polite culture which gives dignity and cures 
 huffiness. Lytton, What trill he do with it ? 
 Bk. IV. ch. xi. 
 
 HUFFLE. H. gives this as a West- 
 country word = to blow unsteadily or 
 rough. Juno addresses ^olus, as em- 
 powered by Jove, 
 
 Too swage seas surging, or raise by blus- 
 terus huffling. Stanyhurst, ^En., i. 75. 
 
 HUFF-PUFFED, swollen ; bloated. 
 Hvff-pufft Ambition, tinder-box of war, 
 Down-fall of angels, Adam's murderer ! 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 12. 
 
 HUFFY, ready to take offence. L. 
 has both huffy and huffiness, but in a 
 somewhat different sense. 
 
 Huffy ! decidedly huffy ! and of all causes 
 that disturb regiments and induce courts- 
 martial, the commonest cause is a huffy lad. 
 Lytton, What will he do with it? Bk. IV. 
 ch. xi. 
 
 HUGE, used as a substantive for bulk. 
 The Arke of God which wisedom more did 
 
 holde 
 In Tables two, then all the Greeks haue 
 
 tolde ; 
 
 And more than euer Rome could comprehend 
 In huge of learned books that they ypend. 
 
 Hudson's Judith, i. 102. 
 
 HUGGER, to wrap up ; conceaf. Cf. 
 HUGGER-MUGGER. 
 Goe, Muse, abroade, and beate the world 
 
 about, 
 
 Tell trueth for shame and hugger vp no ill. 
 Breton, Pasquil's Madcappe, p. 11. 
 
 HUGMATEE, apparently some sort of 
 drink. 
 
 No hugmatee nor flip my grief can smother, 
 I lov'd thee, Dobbin, better than my brother. 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 218.
 
 HULCHY 
 
 ( 327 ) 
 
 HUMBLING 
 
 HULCHY, humpy. 
 
 "What can be the signification of the uneven 
 shrugging of her hulchy shoulders ? 
 
 Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xvii. 
 
 HULDEB, alder (?). 
 
 Hulder, black thorne, serues tree, beche> 
 elder, aspe, and salowe, eyther for theyr 
 wekenes or lyghtenesse make holow, starting, 
 studding, gaddyuge shaftes. Aschain, Toxo- 
 philus, p. 125. 
 
 HULKING, huge ; unwieldy. Hulk is 
 a big ship, and is applied by Shake- 
 speare to Falstaff. 
 
 Why, Tom, you are grown a huge hulking 
 fellow since I saw you last. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, ii. 165. 
 
 HULKY, big ; loutish. 
 
 I want to go first and have a round with 
 that hulk}/ fellow who turned to challenge 
 me. G. Eliot, 3Iiddlemarch, ch. Ivi. 
 
 HULL, holly. 
 
 Oft did a left hand crow foretell these 
 things in her hull tree. Welbe, Discourse of 
 Eny. Poetrie, p. 74. 
 
 HULLABALOO, noise ; outcry. 
 
 Because some half-a-dozen farmers sent 
 me a round-robin to the effect that their 
 rents were too high, and I wrote them word 
 that the rents should be lowered, there was 
 such a hullabaloo, you would have thought 
 heaven and earth were coming together. 
 Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XIV. ch. v. 
 
 HULVE, pipe (?). 
 
 The trunk or hulve that should convey the 
 water. Giles Jacob, Complete Court-Keeper 
 (1781), p. 114. 
 
 HUMBER, hummer (?). The river 
 according to some is so called from its 
 noise. " Well may the Humber take 
 its name from the noise it makes, for 
 in an high wind it is incredibly great 
 and terrible " (Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, iii. 11). though at p. 60 of the 
 same volume another derivation is 
 given, viz., from Humber, a piratical 
 Northern chief. 
 
 The Nightingale, pearcht on the tender 
 
 spring 
 Of sweetest hawthorn, hangs her drowsie 
 
 wing, 
 The Swallow's silent, and the lowdest 
 
 Humber, 
 Leaning upon the earth, now seems to 
 
 slumber. Sylvester, The location, 606. 
 
 HUM, to humbug or deceive. 
 
 I don't mean to cajole you hither with the 
 expectation of amusement or entertainment ; 
 you and I know better than to hum or be 
 
 hummed in that manner. Mad. D'Arllay, 
 
 Diary, ii. 153. 
 
 "Come, gentle Spring, ethereal mildness, 
 
 come ! " 
 Oh, Thomson, void of rhyme as well as 
 
 reason, 
 How could'st thou thus poor human nature 
 
 hum ? 
 There's no such season. 
 
 Hood, Spring. 
 
 HUM AND HAW, to hesitate ; to beat 
 about the bush ; used also (in the first 
 quotation) as a substantive. 
 
 Peters more scurvily said the business was 
 so long doubtful, that God was brought to 
 his hums and haices, which way he should 
 fling the victory. Paman to Saticroft, March 
 5, 1652 (D'Oyley's Life of Sancroft, p. 49). 
 
 " Well, you fellow," says my lord, " what 
 have you to say ? Don't stand humming 
 and liamny, but speak out." Tom Jones, Bk. 
 VIII. ch. xi. 
 
 HUMAXIFY, to make man. 
 
 I will not dispute whether He could not 
 have received us again to favour by some 
 nearer and easier way than for His own Son 
 to be humanified, and being man to be cruci- 
 fied. Adams, iii. 211. 
 
 HUMBLED, galled (?). 
 
 If one lay them very hot to kibed or 
 humbled heeles, they will cure them. Hol- 
 land, Pliny, xx. 3. 
 
 HUMBLEFICATION, humility. 
 
 The Prospectus . . . has about it a sort of 
 unmanly humblefication which is not sincere. 
 Southey, Letters, 1809 (ii. 120). 
 
 HUMBLE-PIE. To eat humble-pie = 
 to submit or apologize. It is a pun on 
 umble-pie, a pie made of the umbles of 
 an animal. See L. 
 
 " You drank too much wine last night, and 
 disgraced yourself, sir," the old soldier said. 
 " You must get up and eat humble-pie this 
 morning, my boy." Thackeray, Newcomes, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 HUMBLESSO, an obeisance ; a jocular 
 form of humblesse. 
 
 He kissed his hand thrice and made as 
 many humblessos ere he would finger it. 
 A'ashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 172) . 
 
 HUMBLING. N., s. v. h^t,mble-bee, says 
 that Todd has produced from Chaucer 
 an instance of humbling in the sense 
 of humming or rumbling. An example 
 from a later writer is subjoined, and 
 another still later, i. e. from Stanyhurst, 
 will be found, s. v. MUTTEROUS. 
 
 It is better to say it sententiously one 
 time, than to run it over an hundred times
 
 HUM-BOX 
 
 ( 328 ) 
 
 HURL 
 
 with humbling and rumbling. Latimer. i. 
 344. 
 
 HUM -BOX, a pulpit (slang). See 
 extract s. v. JACKEY. 
 
 HUMBUGGABLE, gullible. 
 
 My charity does not extend so far as to 
 believe that any reasonable man (humbuggable 
 as the animal is) can have been so humbugged. 
 Southey, Letters, I8'2o (Hi. 488). 
 HUMBUGS. See extract. 
 
 He had provided himself with a paper of 
 humbugs for the child ; humbugs being the 
 north-country term for certain lumps of toffy 
 well flavoured with peppermint. Mrs. Gas- 
 kell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xliii. 
 
 HUMDRUM, a stupid fellow ; also pros- 
 ing, common-place talk : the word is 
 usually an adjective. 
 
 By gads-lid I scorn it, I, so I do, to be a 
 consort for every hum-drum. Jonson, Every 
 Man in his Humour, i. 1. 
 
 I am frequently forced to go to my harp- 
 sichord to keep me awake, and to silence his 
 humdrum. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 191. 
 
 HUMDURGEON, nervous illness ; hypo- 
 chondria (slang). 
 
 His ravings and humdiirgeon will unman all 
 our youngsters. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 HUMGRUFFIN, a terrible or repulsive 
 
 person. 
 
 All shrunk from the glance of that keen- 
 flashing eye, 
 
 Save one horrid Humgruffin, who seem'd by 
 his talk, 
 
 ind the airs he assumed, to be cock of the 
 walk. Inyoldsby Legends (St. Cuthbert). 
 
 HUMOROLOGY, the study of humour. 
 
 Oh men ignorant of hvmorology! more 
 ignorant of psychology ! and most ignorant 
 of Pantagruelism ! Southey, The Doctor, In- 
 terchapter xiii. 
 
 HUMORSOMENESS, caprice. 
 
 I never blame a lady for her humorsomeness 
 so much as, in my mind, I blame her mother. 
 Richardson, Grandison, iv. 25. 
 
 HUMPH, to mutter an inter jectional 
 sound like humph. Cf. to PISH, to 
 PSHAW, to TUT. 
 
 Fanny was first roused by his calling out 
 to her, after humphing and considering over a 
 particular paragraph, " What's the name of 
 your great cousin in town, Fau ? " Miss 
 Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. xlv. 
 
 HUNDREDS IN ESSEX. See extracts. 
 
 From hence [Tilbury Fort] there is nothing 
 for many miles together remarkable but a 
 continued level of unhealthy marshes called 
 T/ie Three Hundreds, till we come before 
 Leigh. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 7. 
 
 Some airs have been observ'd by natural- 
 ists to breed agues as the hundreds in Essex. 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 212. 
 
 The shadow of the theatre is starving, and 
 the air of it as naturally produces poverty as 
 that of the hundreds in Essex begets agues. 
 Ibid. iv. 198. 
 
 HUNFYSHSKIN, skin of the hound -fish 
 or dog-fish. 
 
 Many archers vse to haue summe place 
 made in theyr cote fitte for a lytle fyle, a 
 stone, a Hitnfyshskin, and a cloth to dresse 
 the shaft fit agayne at all nedes. Ascham, 
 Toxophilus, p. 161. 
 
 HUNGERLAND, connected with hnn- 
 gerlin (V); perhaps rather Hungarian, 
 as the ruffs are described as Spanish. 
 
 Your Hungerland bands, and Spanish quel- 
 lio ruffs. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4. 
 
 HUNGERWORM, insatiable hunger. 
 
 Hath any gentleman the hunger-worm of 
 covetousness ? here is cheer for his diet. 
 Adams, i. 161. 
 
 HUNKERS, hams ; haunches. H. gives 
 it as a North-country word, but the 
 speaker in the extract is an Irishwoman. 
 Hunkering is sometimes now used to 
 describe the practice of those who in 
 church bob their heads against the 
 bookboard, or sit upon their haunches 
 instead of kneeling properly. 
 
 My anshestors sat on a throne, when the 
 McBrides had only their hunkers to sit upon. 
 Miss Edgeworth, Love and Law, i. 4. 
 
 HUNT THE WHISTLE, a romping game 
 in which a blinded person has a whistle 
 fastened to him : the other players blow 
 this from time to time, and the blinded 
 one tries to catch the blower. 
 
 What pastimes be they ? we ben't enough 
 for hunt the whistle nor blind-man's buff. 
 Foote, The Author, ii. 1. 
 
 HURDLE seems to = heap in the 
 quotation, unless it be a misprint for 
 huddle. 
 
 Hard by was Absalom's tomb, consisting of 
 a great pit to hold, and a great heap of 
 stones to hide a great traitor under it. ... 
 No methodicall monument but this hurdle of 
 stones was fittest for such a causer of confu- 
 sion. Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, II. ii. 15. 
 
 HURL, to throw : the idea of great 
 force and violence, always associated 
 with the word now, is not conveyed in 
 the extracts. 
 
 A heavenly veil she hurls 
 On her white shoulders. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xiv. 150.
 
 HURLEMEttT ( 329 ) 
 
 HYPER 
 
 Since I was hurled among these walls [the 
 Fleet prison] I had divers fits of melancholy. 
 Hoieell, Letters, ii. 30. 
 
 IIURLEMENT, confusion. 
 
 King Edward, . . . discoiiering both this 
 accident and the hurlement made by the 
 change of place, slacks not to take adnantage 
 thereof. Daniel, Hist, of E>iy., p. 200. 
 
 HURRY. See extract. 
 
 The wrongful heir comes in to two bars of 
 quick music (technically called a hurry), and 
 goes on in the most shocking manner. 
 Sketches by Boz (Greenwich Fair). 
 
 HURRY-DURRY, rough ; hasty (?). 
 
 'Tis a hurry-durry blade : dost thou re- 
 member after we had tugged hard the old 
 leaky long-boat to save his life, when I wel- 
 comed him ashore, he gave me a box on the 
 ear, and called me fawning water-dog. Wy- 
 cherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1. 
 
 HDRTED, hurt. See extract s. v. 
 HUCK. 
 
 I am afraid he is hurted very sadly. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 273. 
 
 Randal. He's but little hurted. 
 
 Honor. Hurted ! and by who ? by you, is it ? 
 Miss Edyeworth, Love and Law, ii. 2. 
 
 HCRTLESSNESS, innocence. 
 
 The maids .... hoping that the goodness 
 of their intention, and the hurtlessness of 
 their sex, shall excuse the breach of the 
 commandment. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 235. 
 
 HUSBAND. The etymology in the 
 extracts is now exploded, but yet is 
 worth recording. 
 
 The name of a husband what is it to saie ? 
 Of wife and the hoitshold the band and the 
 
 staie. Tusser, p. 16. 
 
 See my guardian, her husband. Unfashion- 
 able as the word is, it is a pretty word : the 
 house-band that ties all together : is not that 
 the meaning ? Eichardson, Grandison, vi. 
 375. 
 
 HUSBANDLY, frugally. 
 
 The noble client reviewed his bill over and 
 over, for however moderately and husbandly 
 the cause was managed, he thought the sum 
 total a great deal too much for the lawyers. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 36. 
 
 HUSSY, hussif, q. v. in L. 
 
 I went towards the pond, the maid follow- 
 ing me, and dropt purposely my hussy ; and 
 when I came near the tiles I said, " Mrs. 
 Anne, I have dropt my hussy." Eichardson, 
 Pamela, i. 162. 
 
 HUZZA. This word is in the Diets. ; 
 but the extract from North is given as 
 seeming to show that huzza, as a com- 
 mon cheer, came in in Charles II. 's 
 
 reign ; nor do any of the quotations in 
 R. or L. contradict this. The last extract 
 supplies an absurd etymology. In the 
 quotations from Wycherley huzza is used 
 as a substantive and adjective = rake 
 or rakish. 
 
 "We are not so much afraid to be taken up 
 by the watch as by the tearing midnight 
 ramblers or huzza women. Wycherley, 
 Gentleman Dancing Master, i. 2. 
 
 You begin to be something too old for us ; 
 we are for the brisk huzzas of seventeen or 
 eighteen. Ibid. 
 
 It is not to be denied but at many meet- 
 ings good fellowship in way of healths ran 
 into some extravagance and noise, as that 
 which they call huzzaing, an usage then at its 
 perfection. It was derived from the marine, 
 and the shouts the seamen make when friends 
 come aboard or go off. . . So at all the Tory 
 healths, as they were called, the cry was 
 reared of Huzza ! which at great and solemn 
 feasts made a little noise. North, Examen, 
 p. 617. 
 
 This most learned monk [Coronelli] informs 
 us in his account of England that the Huzza, 
 which is the cry of the London mob when 
 they are pleas'd, comes from the Hebrew 
 word Hosanah. "What a charming thing it is 
 to understand etymology. Misson, Travels 
 in Eng., p. 43. 
 
 HYDRARGIRE, quicksilver. 
 For th' hidden loue that now-a-dayes doth 
 
 holde 
 The steel and loadstone, hydrargire and 
 
 golde, 
 Th' amber and straw. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 67. 
 
 HYDROPTIC, dropsical ; thirsty : hy- 
 dropic is the usual form. 
 
 He, soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst, 
 Sucked at the flagon. 
 
 Browning, Grammarian's Funeral. 
 
 HYMNISH, of the nature of a hymn. 
 
 Sonnets are carroled hymnish 
 By lads and maydens. 
 
 Stanyhurst, &n., ii. 248. 
 
 HYPER. See second quotation ; in the 
 first extract it of course stands for 
 Jiypercritic. 
 
 Critics I read on other men, 
 And hypei'S upon them again ; 
 From whose remarks I give opinion 
 On twenty books, yet ne'er look in one. 
 
 Prior, Ep. to Fleetwood Shepherd, 168. 
 
 I call you then Mr. Hyper not for the sake 
 of giving you a nickname, but for the sake of 
 distinguishing you from other religionists to 
 whom you do not belong. You know that 
 the term is simple enough, meaning nothing 
 more than beyond, and that it is the well- 
 known designation of those who go beyond
 
 HYPERDOLIN ( 330 ) 
 
 I G NO MI US 
 
 Calvin. Cater, Punch in the Pulpit (1863), 
 p. 110. 
 
 HYPERDOLIN, misprint for KNIPPER- 
 DOLLIN, q. v. (?). 
 
 And now he makes his doctrine suitable to 
 his text, and owns aboveboard .... that him- 
 self aud his hyperdolins are the only Israelites, 
 and all the rest Egyptians. Character of a 
 Fanatick, 1675 (Harl. Misc., vii. 636). 
 
 HYPERNATURAL, beyond nature ; a 
 caricature. 
 By way of contrast there is Keep, articled 
 
 clerk, articled out of charity, whom to de- 
 scribe description fails ; . . . him, too, we are 
 inclined to put in the category of the hyper- 
 naturals. Phillips, Essays from the Times, ii. 
 324. 
 
 HYPOCON, an abbreviation of hypo- 
 chondria : the first syllable only is the 
 more usual abbreviation. 
 
 You have droop'd within a few years into 
 such a dispirited condition that 'tis as much 
 as a plentiful dose of the best canary can do 
 to remove the hypocon for a few minutes. 
 T. Brown, Works, ii. 233. 
 
 IAMBICAL, connected with or belong- 
 ing to iambics. 
 
 Amongst us I name but two lamlrical 
 poets: Gabriel Harvey and Kichard Stany- 
 nurst, because I have seen no more in this 
 kind. Meres, Eny. Literature, 1598 (Eny. 
 Garner, ii. 100). 
 
 ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, fish-eating. 
 
 A wretched ichthyophagous people must 
 make shocking soldiers, weak as water. De 
 Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 78. 
 
 ICRE. " An icre is ten Bars " (Gibson's 
 Camden, margin, in loc."). 
 
 As we find in the Survey booke of Eng- 
 land, the king demanded in manner no other 
 tribute than certain lores of Iron, and Iron 
 barres. Holland's Camden, p. 361. 
 
 IDENTICALNESS, sameness. 
 
 She has an high opinion of her sex, to 
 think they can charm so long a man so well 
 acquainted with their identicalness. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 201. 
 
 IDLE, indolence. 
 And knowing Good becomes more good the 
 
 more 
 
 It is encommon'd, he applies therefore 
 T' instruct her in the faith, and (enuious- 
 
 idle) 
 His brains rich talent buries not in idle. 
 
 Sylvester, Magnifictnce, 1319. 
 
 IDOL, to idolize. 
 O happy people, where good princes raign, 
 
 Who idol not their pearly scepter's glory, 
 But know themselves set on a lofty story, 
 For all the world to see and censure too. 
 
 Sylvester, liabylon, 20. 
 
 IDOLANT, an idolater. 
 
 A countlesse hoast of craking Idolants 
 By Esay's faith is here confounded all. 
 
 Sylvester, Triumph of Faith, si. 3. 
 
 IDOLASTRR, idolatrous. 
 
 Her yv'ry neck and brest of alabastre, 
 Made heathen men of her more idolastre. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 358. 
 
 IDOLIFY, to make an idol of. 
 
 If it had been the fate of Nobs thus to be 
 idolijted, and the Itzacx had been acquainted 
 with his character, they would have com- 
 pounded a name for him. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cxliv. 
 
 IDOLISM, idolatry. The only instance 
 of this word in the Diets, is from 
 Paradise Regained, iv. 234, where, 
 however, " it means ' vain opinions,' 
 1 fancies,' from ilS<a\ov, a ' phantom ' of 
 the mind" (Jerram's edit., Longman's 
 London Series). 
 
 Much less permits he thorough all his land 
 One rag, one relique, or one signe to stand 
 Of idolism, or idle superstition 
 Blindely brought in without the Word's 
 commission. Sylvester, The Decay, 502. 
 
 A people wholly drown'd 
 In idolism, and all rebellious sins. 
 
 Ibid. 518. 
 
 IDOLOGRAPHICAL, writing about 
 idols. 
 
 I should have looked at some of the Lisbon 
 idols with more satisfaction if I had been 
 acquainted with their adventures, as recorded 
 in this extraordinary idoloyraphical work. 
 Southey, Letters, 1826 (iii. 539). 
 
 IGNOMIOUS, ignominious. Ignomy is 
 used by Shakespeare arid others for 
 ignominy, but the Diets, have no 
 instance of the adjective. 
 
 As lately lifting up the leaves of worthy 
 writers' works,
 
 IGNOTE 
 
 (33i ) 
 
 IMBRISTLE 
 
 Wherein, as well as famous facts, iynomious 
 placed are, 
 
 "Wherein the just reward of both is mani- 
 festly shown. 
 
 Peele, Prologue to Sir Clyomon. 
 
 IGNOTE, an unknown person. The 
 Diets, have the word as an adjective. 
 
 Their judgement was, the girts of peace 
 were slack, but not broken. This is couched 
 in the admonitions of an iynote unto King 
 James. Racket, Life of Williams, i. 169. 
 
 Such iynotes were not courted, but passed 
 over as a pawn at chess that stood out all of 
 [of all ?] play. Ibid. ii. 144. 
 
 ILIADIZED, related or celebrated in 
 the Iliad. 
 
 Ulysses, ... of whom it is Uliadized that 
 your very nose dropt sugarcandie. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 162). 
 
 ILLECEBRATION, allurement. 
 
 Modesty . . . restrains the too great free- 
 dom that youth usurps, the great familiarity 
 of pleasant illecebrations, the great continual 
 f requentations of balls and feasts. T. Brown, 
 Works, iv. 292. 
 
 ILLECT, to allure. 
 
 Theyre superfluous rychesse illected theym 
 to vnclene lust and ydelnesse. Simon Fish, 
 Supplication for the Beggars. 
 
 ILLFARINGLY, improperly ; awkwardly. 
 
 Another of our vulgar makers spake as 
 illfaringly in this verse. Puttenham, Eny. 
 Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xxiii. 
 
 ILLIQUEFACT, to moisten. 
 See how the sweat fals from His bloodlesse 
 
 browes, 
 "Which doth illiquefact the clotted gore. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 15. 
 
 ILLISH, indisposed. 
 
 If I find myself illish at any time, which 
 is seldom, I eat a little of the gumm of that 
 pine-tree, and it cures me. Howell, Parly 
 of Beasts, p. 100. 
 
 ILL-TEMPERED, in a bad state of 
 health or blood. 
 
 Put on a half shirt first this summer, it 
 being very hot ; and yet so ill-tempered I am 
 grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, 
 while all the world is afraid to melt away. 
 Pepys, June 28, 1664. 
 
 ILLUMINER, illuminator ; one who 
 illuminates books, MSS., &c. 
 
 He became the best Illumi-ner or Limner 
 of our age. Fuller, Worthies, Cambridge 
 (i. 167). 
 
 ILLDMINOUS, bright ; clear. 
 This life, and all that it contains, to him 
 Is but a tissue of illuminous dreams 
 
 Filled with book-wisdom, pictured thought, 
 
 and love 
 That on its own creations spends itself. 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, ii. 2. 
 
 ILLUSIONABLE, liable to illusions. 
 
 One who had been in the maturity of his 
 powers and reputation when those illusionable 
 youths were in their cradles. The Academy, 
 Sept. 6, 1879, p. 167. 
 
 ILLUSTRE, to make bright or glorious. 
 See quotation s. v. PASSE-MAN. 
 No sooner said He, Be there light, but lo 
 The formless lump to perfect form gan 
 
 growe ; 
 
 And all illustred with light's radiant shine, 
 Doft mourning weeds, and deckt it passing 
 
 fine. Sylvester, first day, first weeke, 534. 
 
 A husband's nobless doth illustre 
 A mean-born wife. 
 
 Ibid., fourth day, first weeke, 728. 
 
 IMAGILET, a small image. 
 
 Italy affords finer Alabaster, whereof those 
 Imaailets wrought at Ligorn are made. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Stafford (ii. 301). 
 
 IMBER, ember. 
 
 O gracious God, remove my great incumbers, 
 Kindle again my faith's ne'er-dying imbers. 
 Sylvester, The Arke, 29. 
 
 IMBOLISH, abolish, or infringe upon ; 
 perhaps it is meant as a specimen of 
 a cutpurse's English, yet there is no 
 other solecism in his short speech. A 
 female foist is the speaker in the second 
 quotation, and there imbollish seems = 
 embezzle. 
 
 Tush, (sayes another cutpurse) though the 
 man were so simple of himselfe, yet shall 
 he not offer the Church so much wrong as, 
 by yeelding to the mace, to imbolish Paul's 
 libertie, and therefore I will take his part. 
 Greene, Theeves falling out, 1615 (Harl. Misc., 
 viii. 387). 
 
 You poore theeves doe only steale and pur- 
 loyne from men, and the harme you doe is 
 to imbollish men's goods, and bring them to 
 poverty. Ibid. (Ib. p. 391). 
 
 IMBRAKE, to entangle as in a brake. 
 
 John .... imbraked the state and him- 
 selfe in those miserable iucombrances thorow 
 his violences and oppression as produced 
 desperat effects. Daniel, Hist, of Ena., p. 
 108. 
 
 IMBRIER, to entangle in a thicket. 
 
 Why should a gracious prince imbrier him- 
 self any longer in thorns and do no good, 
 but leave his wooll behind him? Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 192. 
 
 IMBRISTLE, to make rough. I give 
 the extract as printed and punctuated
 
 IMITANCY 
 
 ( 33* ) 
 
 IMPATRON 
 
 in the Harl. Misc., but I suppose it 
 should be " Madona Amphitrite's," the 
 commas after each of those words be- 
 ing deleted. 
 
 All the fennie Lerna betwixt, that with 
 reede is so imbristled, being (as I have fore- 
 spoke or spokeu tofore) Madona, Amphitrite, 
 fluctuous demeans or fee-simple. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 151). 
 
 IMITANCY, tending to imitate. 
 
 The servile imitancy, and yet also a nobler 
 relationship and mysterious union to one 
 another which lies in such imitancy, of man- 
 kind might be illustrated under the different 
 figure, itself nothing original, of a flock of 
 sheep. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 67. 
 
 IMMATCHLESS, incomparable. 
 Thou great Soveraigne of the earth, 
 Oaelie immatchlesse Monarchesse of hearts. 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir B. Grinuile 
 (Dedic. to the Fairest). 
 
 IMMENSIBLE, immeasurable. 
 For should I touch thy minde (intangible, 
 Fraught with whateuer makes or good or 
 
 great, 
 
 As learning, language, artes immensible, 
 Witt, courage, courtesie, and all compleat ;) 
 I should but straine my skill to do thee 
 
 wrong. Dames, To Worthy Persons, p. 52. 
 
 IMMENSIVE, huge. 
 
 Then this immensive cup 
 
 Of aromatike wine, 
 Catullus, I quaffe up 
 
 To that terce muse of thine. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 84. 
 
 IMMERD, to cover with dung. 
 
 Let daws delight to immerd themselves in 
 dung, whilst eagles scorn so poor a game as 
 flies. Quarles, Dedic. to Emblems. 
 
 IMMETRICAL, unmetrical ; unrhythm- 
 ical. 
 
 French and Italian most immetrical, 
 Their many syllables in harsh collision 
 Fall as they break their necks. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, To the Reader, 154. 
 
 IMMORTAL. The use of the word in 
 the quotation is noticeable ; mortal 
 enemy being the common phrase. 
 
 This I was glad of, and so were all the 
 rest of us. though I know I have made my- 
 self an immortal enemy by it. Pepys, Jan. 
 29, 1663-9. 
 
 IMMOUND, to dam in. 
 The straight and narrow streamed fennes, 
 And inland seas which many a mount im- 
 
 mounds. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first weeke, 218. 
 
 IMMOVEABLES, fixtures ; property that 
 
 cannot be moved : moveables is com- 
 mon to express the reverse of this. 
 
 The Jewes . . . stayed till this time, which 
 brought him a greater benefit by confiscating 
 all their Immovables, with their Tallies and 
 Obligations. Daniel, Hist, of Eny., p. 160. 
 
 The Judges consulted of the matter, and 
 in the end adjudged Segraue guilty of death, 
 and all his moueables and immovables forfeited 
 to the king. Ibid. p. 168. 
 
 IMMURE, to fortify ; its usual mean- 
 ing is to shut up within walls. 
 
 With stones soon gathered on the neighbour 
 
 strand, 
 
 And clayie morter ready there at hand, 
 Well trode aud tempered, he immures his 
 
 fort. Sylvester, Haadi-Crafts, 375. 
 
 For in the Heav'ns above all reach of ours 
 He dwels immured in diamantine towers. 
 
 Ibid., The Arke, 237. 
 
 These [walls] appeare to haue immured 
 but a part of the citie. Sandys, Travels, p. 
 114. 
 
 IMPANE, to embody with bread. 
 We must believe that He cometh down 
 again at the will of the priests to be impaned 
 or inbreaded for their belly's commonwealth, 
 like as He afore came down at the will of His 
 Heavenly Father to be incarnated or infleshed 
 for our universal soul's health. Hale, Select 
 Works, p. 206. 
 
 IMPARLEANCE, colloquy. E. has im- 
 parlance as a legal term, signifying 
 permission given to suitors to arrange 
 a matter before the court by private 
 conference between themselves. In 
 the extract, however, the word is used 
 generally. 
 
 She will have no imparleance, no discours- 
 ing ; if they desir'd their own peace, and her 
 assured favour, they then must entertain 
 
 and follow her conditions No more 
 
 imparleance is allow'd or will be heard, no 
 second motion. Hist, of Ed to. II., p. 124. 
 
 IMPASSIVITY, impassiveness. 
 
 We have cold aristocratic impassivity, faith- 
 ful to itself even in Tartarus. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. IV. ch. vii. 
 
 Have thy eye-glasses, opera - glasses, thy 
 Long-Acre cabs with white-breeched tiger, 
 thy yawning impassivities, pococurantisms. 
 Ibid., Fast and Present, Bk. II. ch. xvii. 
 
 IMPASTURE, to set to feed ; to turn 
 out to graze. 
 
 Adultery . . . sets paleness on his cheek 
 and impostures grief in his heart. Adams, i. 
 184. 
 
 IMPATRON, to furnish: impatronize 
 is more usual.
 
 IMPEACH WITH ( 333 ) IMPOSSIBILITATE 
 
 He . . . impatroned himselfe with three 
 peeces of ordinance which he caused to be 
 haled into the Tower. Remarkable Occur- 
 rences in the Northerne Parts (1642), p. 10. 
 
 IMPEACH WITH, to accuse or impeach 
 of. 
 
 I doubt not of your generosity, but people 
 unacquainted with your temper impeach you 
 with avarice. Gentleman Instructed, p. 535. 
 
 IMPERATORIAN, imperial. 
 
 He did so little bear up with an impera- 
 torian resolution against the method of their 
 ways who thrust his counsel out of doors, that 
 the flies suck'd him where he was gall'd, and 
 he never rub'd them off. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 167. 
 
 He professed not to meddle by any 7m- 
 peratorian or Senatoriau power with matters 
 of Religion. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 
 IMPERATORIOUS, imperial ; befitting a 
 ruler. 
 
 You have heard his Majesty's speech, 
 though short, yet full and princely, and 
 rightly imperatorious, as Tacitus said of 
 Galba's. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 9. 
 
 IMPERIAL, a large travelling trunk 
 made to fit the top of the carriage. 
 Imperiale in French is defined as le 
 dessus de carrosse, and the term is ap- 
 plied to the top of other things. 
 
 The trunks were fastened upon the car- 
 riages, the imperial was carrying out. Miss 
 Edgeicorth, Belinda, ch. xxv. 
 
 Couriers and ladies'-maids, imperials and 
 travelling carriages, are an abomination to 
 me. Huyhes, Tom Urown's School-Days, Pt. 
 I. ch. i. 
 
 IMPERIBLE, contracted form of im- 
 perishable. 
 
 O is there not another life imperible, 
 Sweet to the guiltlesse, to the guilty terrible ? 
 Sylvester, Little Bartas, 761. 
 
 IMPERSTJADABLENESS, inflexibility. 
 
 You break my heart, indeed you do, by 
 your impersuadableness. T. Brown, Works, 
 i. 3. 
 
 IMPERTINENCE, to treat with imper- 
 tinence. 
 
 I do not wonder that you are impertinenced 
 by Richcourt. Walpole to Mann, iii. 155 
 (1756). 
 
 IMPETRABLE, compliant ; easy to be 
 entreated. 
 
 How impetrable hee was in mollifying the 
 adamantinest tiranny of mankinde. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 157). 
 
 IMPLEADABLE, not to be pleaded 
 against or evaded. 
 
 An impenetrable judge, an impleadable in- 
 dictment, an intolerable anguish shall seize 
 upon them. Adams, i. 196. 
 
 IMPLEDGE, to pledge ; to entrust.* 
 
 The Lower Lis 
 
 They to the utmost will dispute, for there 
 Their Chief, who lacks aot capability, 
 Will justly deem their all to be impledc/ed. 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. v. 2. 
 The Earl inclines, but ere he shall impledye 
 Or the Lord Heretoch or himself, he looks 
 To be assured the synod, late convened 
 For other ends, will wisdom learn from you. 
 Ibid., Edwin the Fair, iii. 3. 
 
 IMPLIABLE, unaccommodating ; un- 
 fitting. 
 
 All matters rugged and impliable to the 
 design must be suppressed or corrupted. 
 North, Examen, p. 32. 
 
 IMPLICIT, obedient ; submissive. We 
 often speak of implicit obedience = 
 complete obedience, but the word is 
 not usually employed by itself in this 
 sense. 
 
 "When a parcel of silly implicit fools had 
 done the business for him, then forsooth he 
 must appear at the head of his court-harlots 
 and minstrels, and make a magnificent entry 
 thro' the breach. T. Brown, Works, ii. 30. 
 
 Cecilia was peremptory, and Mary became 
 implicit. Mad. VArMay, Cecilia, Bk. X. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 IMPLORATORY, imploring. 
 
 On the 21st of March goes off that long 
 exculpatory imploratory letter. Carlyle, 
 Diamond Necklace, ch. vii. 
 
 IMPORTANCE, matter of importance. 
 Quoth Ralph, Not far from hence doth dwell 
 A cunning man, hight Sidrophel, 
 That deals in destiny's dark counsels, 
 And sage opinions of the moon sells ; 
 To whom all people, far and near, 
 On deep importances repair. 
 
 Hudibras, II. iii. 110. 
 
 IMPORTUNE, an importunate person. 
 
 In Spaine it is thought very vndecent for 
 a courtier to craue, supposing that it is the 
 part of an importune. Puttenham, Eny. 
 Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xxiv. 
 
 If justice must stay till such importunes 
 are satisfied, there's a ne plus ultra of all 
 law. North, Examen, p. 644. 
 
 IMPOSABLE, gullible. See quotation 
 5. v. PRATTIQUE. 
 
 If he had been a dissolute ranting man, 
 as some were, or a weak imposable wretch, 
 they had liked him much better. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 54. 
 
 IMPOSSIBILITATE, to render impos- 
 sible.
 
 IMPOSSIBILITY ( 334 ) 
 
 IN AMOR ATE 
 
 How many accidents might for ever have 
 impossibilitated the existence of this incom- 
 parable work! Southey, The Doctor, Inter- 
 chapter vi. 
 
 IMPOSSIBILITY, helplessness. 
 
 When we say, Lead us not into temptation , 
 we learn to know our own impossibility and 
 infirmity ; namely, that we be not able of our 
 own selves to withstand this great and mighty 
 enemy the devil. Latimer, i. 432. 
 
 IMPOSTRIX, impostress. 
 
 I am heartily sorry that the gravity of 
 John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, should be 
 so light, and the sharp sight of Sir Thomas 
 More so blinde, as to give credit to so notori- 
 ous an impost rix. Fuller, Ch. Hist.,V. ii. 47. 
 
 IMPOSTURY, imposture. 
 
 All conjoyne (the Latins excepted) in cele- 
 bration of that impostury of fetching fire 
 from the Sepulcher upon Easter eue. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 173. 
 
 IMPREGNATE in the extract is used 
 for impregnable, or rather invulnerable. 
 Bring me the caitiff here before my face, 
 Tho' made impregnate as Achilles was. 
 
 D'Urfey, Two Queens of Brentford, Act II. 
 
 IMPROMPT, unready. 
 
 Nothing I think in nature can be supposed 
 more terrible than such a rencounter, so 
 imprompt, so ill-prepared to stand the shock 
 of it as Dr. Slop was. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, 
 i. 219. 
 
 IMPROPER, to appropriate, make over. 
 K., in reference to an extract which he 
 gives from Milton's Apol.for Smectym- 
 mius, says, "One of Milton's antagon- 
 ists appears to have used improper as a 
 verb." The subjoined show that the 
 word was not so strange as R. and 
 apparently also Milton thought it. 
 
 Man is impropred to God for two causes. 
 Bp. Fisher, p. 267. 
 
 That childe so impropreed to a wrong 
 mother may proprely in latin be called par- 
 tus supposititius. UdaFs Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 157. 
 
 The word of God being so universal, meet 
 for all diseases, for all wits, and for all 
 capacities, for M. Harding to improper the 
 same only unto a few, it is both far greater 
 dishonour unto God, and also far greater 
 injury unto God's faithful people, than if he 
 would in like manner improper and inclose 
 the sunbeams to comfort the rich and not the 
 poor. Jewel, ii. 671. 
 
 IMPROPERACION, impropriation. 
 Jef. Thou knowest nott, Watkyn felowe, 
 How they have brought to sorowe 
 
 In lykwyse the spritualte. 
 Wat. By what manner cavillacion ? 
 
 Jef. Surly through improperacion 
 Of innumerable benefices. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and be nott 
 urrothe, p. 100. 
 
 IMPROPERY seems to be used in the 
 sense of chiding or scoffing. 
 
 Sara, the daughter of Raguel, desiring to 
 be delivered from the impropery and im- 
 braiding, as it would appear, of a certain 
 default wherewith one of her father's hand- 
 maidens did irnbraid her and cast her in the 
 teeth, forsook all company. Becon, i. 131. 
 
 IMPROVISATION, an impromptu. 
 
 This speech . . . was not indeed entirely an 
 improvisation, but had taken shape in inward 
 colloquy. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xx. 
 
 IMPROVISATORY, impromptu ; unpre- 
 meditated. 
 
 "Write with or without rime, as happens to 
 accommodate best your improvisatory method 
 of composition. W. Taylor of Norwich, 1806 
 (Memoir, ii. 133). 
 
 IMPULSE, to impel. 
 
 I leave these prophetesses to God, that 
 knows the heart, . . . whether they were im- 
 pulsed like Balaam, Saul, and Caiaphas, to 
 vent that which they could not keep in, or 
 whether they were inspired like Esaias and 
 the prophets of the Lord. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 49. 
 
 IMPUNE, unpunished. 
 
 The breach of our national statutes can 
 not go impune by the plea of ignorance. 
 Adams, i. 235. 
 
 IMPURE, to grow impure. R. and L. 
 have an extract from Bp. Hall with 
 this verb, where, however, it = to make 
 impure. 
 
 The more the Body dures, Soule more 
 
 indures ; 
 
 Never too soon can shee from thence exile ; 
 Pure in shee came ; there living, shee im- 
 
 pures ; 
 
 And suffers there a thousand woes the while. 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st. 70. 
 
 INACCESSIBLE, unapproachable, and 
 so excelling in power. The word in 
 the original is aairrovc. The same 
 translation occurs xx. 450. Chapman 
 also renders it tough, desperate, too hot 
 to touch. 
 
 Curb your tongue in time, lest all the Gods 
 
 in heav'n 
 Too few be and too weak to help thy punish 'd 
 
 insolence, 
 
 "When my inaccessible hands shall fall on thee. 
 Chapman, Iliad, i. 550. 
 
 INAMORATE, enamoured.
 
 INAMORATELY ( 335 ) INCINDERMENT 
 
 His blood was framde for euerie shade of 
 
 vertue 
 To rauish into true inamourate fire. 
 
 Chapman, Mom. I)' Olive, iv. 1. 
 
 INAMORATELY, lovingly. Nashe also 
 has enamorately. See quotation s- v. 
 CALINO. 
 
 Of the neyboriug sands, . . . it is so inamor- 
 ately protected and patronized, that they 
 staud as a trench or guarde about in the ' 
 night to keep off their enemies. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stvffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 149). 
 
 INANIMADVERTENCE, inadvertence. 
 
 The like spirit did possess Optatus, who in 
 the treatise cited by K. C. doth continually 
 call the Donatists " brethren," not by chance 
 or inanitnadvertence, but upon premeditation. 
 Bramliall, ii. 31. 
 
 INAPOSTATE, attentive ; not standing 
 away from. 
 
 The man that will but lay his eares 
 As inapostate to the thing he heares, 
 Shall be [by ?] his hearing quickly come to see 
 The truth of travails lesse in bookes then thee. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 354. 
 
 INARKED, placed in the ark. 
 Greater and better then inarked he. 
 Which in the world's huge deluge did suruiue. 
 G. Markham, Tray, of Sir R. Grinuile, 
 p. 59. 
 
 INAUTHORITATIVENESS, want of com- 
 mission or authority. 
 
 I furnished them not with precarious 
 praters, ... in whom ignorance and impu- 
 dence, inability and inauthoritativeness, con- 
 tend which shall be greatest. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 53. 
 
 INBREAD, to embody with bread. 
 
 "We must believe that He cometh down 
 again at the will of the priests to be impaned 
 or inbreaded for their bellies' commonwealth. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 206. 
 
 INBREAK, irruption : outbreak is com- 
 mon. Cf. INBURST. 
 
 Deshuttes and Varigny, massacred at the 
 first inbreak, have been beheaded in the 
 Marble Court. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. 
 VII. ch. x. 
 
 INBURST, irruption : outburst is suffi- 
 ciently common. Cf. INBREAK. 
 
 Boundless chaos of insurrection presses 
 slumbering round the palace, like ocean 
 round a diving-bell, and may penetrate at 
 any crevice. Let but that accumulated in- 
 surrectionary mass find entrance, like the 
 infinite inJmrst of water. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. ix. 
 
 INCARESSING, cold ; harsh. 
 
 This incaressing humour 
 Hath taught my soul a new philosophy. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act III. 
 
 INCARNATE, in the flesh, but is used 
 in the extract as though the in were 
 privative, and the word meant " not in 
 the flesh." 
 
 I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or 
 incarnate can fairly do against a virtue so 
 established. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 46. 
 
 INCAUTELOUS, incautious. 
 
 All advantage of cavil at the expressions 
 of the Judges, if any had been incautelous, 
 was lost to the faction. JVorth, Examen, p. 
 288. 
 
 INCAVE, to shut up in a cave. Dray- 
 ton, quoted by R., has incavern. 
 
 The bristled Bore and Beare 
 Incaued rage. Sandys, Travels, p. 307. 
 
 INCEDINGLY, progressingly. 
 
 Even in the uttermost frenzy of energy is 
 each mcenad movement royally, imperially, 
 indeciiiyly upborne. Miss Bronte, Villette, 
 ch. xxiii. 
 
 INCENSE, to flatter. Cf. FUME. 
 
 He is dipp'd in treason and overhead in 
 mischief, and now must be bought off and 
 incensed by his Sovereign, as the Devil is by 
 the Indians, that he may do no more harm. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 212. 
 
 INCENSORY, altar of incense. 
 A cup of gold, crown'd with red wine, he 
 
 held 
 On th' holy incensory pour'd. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xi. 686. 
 
 INCENTRE, to centre. 
 
 Nor is your love incentred to me only in 
 your own breast, but full of operation. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 135 . 
 
 INCHASTE, unchaste. 
 
 Now you that were my father's concubines, 
 Liquor to his inchaste and lustful fire, 
 Have seen his honour shaken in his house. 
 Peele, David and Bethsabe, p. 476. 
 
 INCIDENTARY, incidental ; occasional. 
 
 He had been near fifty years from the 
 county of Carnarvon and the town of Con- 
 way, unless by incidentary visits. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 208. 
 
 INCIDENTLESS, uneventful. 
 
 My journey was incidentless, but the 
 moment I came into Brighthelmstone I was 
 met by Mrs. Thrale. Mad. IfArUay, Diary, 
 ii. 158. 
 
 INCINDERMENT, reduction to ashes : 
 incineration is the usual word.
 
 1NCITATIVE 
 
 ( 336 ) INCULCATE TO 
 
 Hee, like the glorious rare Arabian bird, 
 Will soon result from His incinderment. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 26. 
 
 INOITATIVE, a provocative or stimu- 
 lant. 
 
 They all carried wallets, which, as appeared 
 afterwards, were well provided with incita- 
 tives, and such as provoke to thirst at two 
 leagues' distance. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. 
 II. Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 INCOGNOSCIBILITY, the state of being 
 unknown. 
 
 If ... the imperial philosopher should 
 censure the still incognoscible author for still 
 continuing in incognoscibility for the same 
 reason that he blamed the Ancient of the 
 Deep, I should remind him of the Eleusinian 
 Mysteries. Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter 
 xix. 
 
 INCOGNOSCIBLE, unknowable. See 
 INCOGNOSCIBILITY. 
 
 Incognito I am and wish to be, and incog- 
 noscible it is in my power to remain. Southey, 
 The Doctor, Interchapter xx. 
 
 INCOMPLETION, incompleteness. 
 I have lost the dream of Doing, 
 And the other dream of Done, 
 The first spring in the pursuing, 
 
 The first pride in the Begun, 
 First recoil from incompletion, in the face of 
 what is won. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, The Lost Boicer. 
 
 INCOMPORTABLE, intolerable. 
 
 It was no new device to shove men out of 
 their places by contriving incomportable hard- 
 ships to be put upon them. North, Examen, 
 p. 39. 
 
 He took another course, and carried his 
 point by setting up what was called the 
 Country Party to an incomportable height. 
 .Ibid. p. 57. 
 
 INCONCRETE, abstract. 
 
 There is not in all the world a more pure, 
 simple, inconcrete procreation than that 
 whereby the mind conceiveth the word 
 within it. A ndrewes, Sermons, i. 88. 
 
 INCONFORM, disagreeing with. 
 
 A way most charitable, most comfortable, 
 and no way inconform to the will of God in 
 His Word. Gauden, Tears of tJte Church, 
 p. 291. 
 
 INCONSEQUENTIAL, of no consequence ; 
 usually = illogical. 
 
 As my time is not wholly inconsequential, 1 
 should not be sorry to have an early oppor- 
 tunity of being heard. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. IX. ch. iii. 
 
 INCONSIDERATE, a thoughtless person. 
 I was as willing as the gay inconsiderate to 
 
 call another cause, as he termed it. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harloice, iii. 168. 
 
 INCONSISTENTS, inconsistencies. 
 
 As for other inconsistents with truth, which 
 depend as retainers on this relation of King 
 Lucius, they prove not that this whole story 
 should be refused, but refined. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., I. ii. 4. 
 
 INCONSISTIBLE, variable ; unable to 
 - agree. 
 
 It hath a ridiculous phiz, like the fable of 
 the old man, his ass, and a boy, before the 
 inconsistible vulgar. North, Examen, p. 629. 
 
 INCONVERTIBLENESS, unchangeable- 
 ness. 
 
 The fixity or inconvertibleness of races, as 
 we see them, is a weak argument for the 
 eternity of these frail boundaries. Emerson, 
 Eng. Traits, ch. iv. 
 
 INCORPORING, joining in a body. 
 O where is then the Holy Flock, 
 Called in one Hope, built on one Rock, 
 Into one Faith incorporing ? 
 
 Sylvester, All is not gold that glitter t, 
 st. 16. 
 
 INCRASION, immingling (Gr. Kpaau;). 
 Sylvester inveighs against tobacco. 
 
 By whose incrasion 
 
 The Vitall Spirits in an unwonted fashion 
 Are bay'd and barred of their passage due 
 Through all the veins. 
 
 Tobacco Battered, 454. 
 
 INCREDITABLE, discreditable. 
 
 Hypocrisy and dissimulation are always 
 incr 'editable, but in matters of religion mon- 
 strous to a sacrilege. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 145. 
 
 INCREDITED, unbelieved. 
 
 He [Hazael] was brought to this self- 
 incredited mischief, as impossible as at first he 
 judged it, at last he performed it. Adams, 
 ii. 354. 
 
 INCRESCENT, waxing. 
 
 The good Queen, 
 
 Repentant of the word she made him swear, 
 And saddening in her childless castle, sent, 
 Between the increscent and decrescent moon, 
 Arms for her son. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 INCUBATION. See extract. 
 
 This place was celebrated for the worship 
 of ^Esculapius, in whose temple incubation, 
 i. e. sleeping for oracular dreams, was prac- 
 tised. .. Tt/lor, Primitive Culture, ii. 121. 
 
 INCULCATE TO, to inculcate on. 
 
 Some Leading-men, who . . . spared not to 
 inculcate to them the apparent dangers in 
 which Religion stood. Ileylin, Hist, of the 
 Presbyterians, p. 226.
 
 INCUMBENTESS ( 337 ) INDIFFERENCED 
 
 INCUMBENTESS, female incumbent or 
 possessor. 
 
 You may make your court to my Lady 
 Orford by announcing the ancient barony of 
 Clinton, which is fallen to her by the death 
 of the last incumbentess. Walpole to Mann, 
 iii. 371 (1760). 
 
 INCUMBITION, incubation. 
 
 The souls of connoisseurs themselves by 
 long friction and incumlrition have the happi- 
 ness at length to get all be-virtued,be-pictured, 
 be-butterflied, and be-fiddled. Sterne, Tnst. 
 Shandy, i. 181. 
 
 INCURRENCE, incursion. 
 
 We should no more think of the Blessed 
 Deity without the conceit of an infinite re- 
 splendence, than we cau open our eyes at 
 noon-day without an incurrence and admis- 
 sion of an outward light. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 v. 421. 
 
 INCDRTAINED, shaded by curtains. 
 Bright day is darkned by incurtained light. 
 G. Markham, Trayedie of Sir R. Grinuile, 
 
 p. 66. 
 
 INCUSSE, to strike in. See quotation 
 more at length s. v. DADNGTINGNESSE. 
 
 The first events are those which incusse a 
 dauntingnesse or daring. Daniel, Hist, of 
 Eng., p. 4. 
 
 INCUTE, to strike in. 
 
 This doth incute and beat into our hearts 
 the fear of God. Becon, i. 63. 
 
 INDEFINITY, vagueness : indefiniteness 
 or indefinitude are the more usual 
 forms. 
 
 He can insinuate the vilest falsehoods in 
 the world, and upon trial come off upon the 
 ambiguity or indemnity of his expressions. 
 North, Examen, p. 144. 
 
 INDELECTABLE, unpleasant. 
 
 Then stiffened and starched (let me add) 
 into dry and indelectable affectation, one sort 
 of these scholars assume a style as rough 
 as frequently are their manners. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, viii. 327. 
 
 INDELICATE, a coarse or indelicate 
 person. 
 
 "What strange indelicate! do these writers 
 of tragedy often make of our sex ! Richard- 
 ton, Pamela, iv. 59. 
 
 INDENT, a covenant : the verb is not 
 uncommon. 
 
 In negotiating with princes we ought to 
 seeke their fauonr by humilitie, and not by 
 sternnesse, nor to trafficke with them by way 
 of indent or condition, but frankly. Putten- 
 ham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xxiv. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE. See quotation. The 
 
 earliest example in the Diets, is from 
 Pope, except that in the translation 
 of Milton's Defence of tJie People of 
 England, we read of "the independency 
 of a king." 
 
 Every one who is conversant with the 
 Middle Ages, and with the literature of the 
 reigns of Elizabeth, James, and Charles I., 
 must have perceived in how much kindlier 
 relations the different classes of society 
 existed toward each other in those days than 
 they have since done. The very word in- 
 dependence had hardly found a place in the 
 English language, or was known only as de- 
 noting a mischievous heresy. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cxcii. 
 
 INDEPENDENTED, made independent, 
 or on the independent model. 
 
 The new titles or style of bodyed and con- 
 gregated, associated or indepenchnted and 
 new-fangled Churches. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 43. 
 
 INDEPENDENTISM, Independency. 
 
 Anabaptisme or Presbyterisme or Inde- 
 pendentisme . . . rudely justled Episcopacy 
 out of the Church of England. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 564. 
 
 INDEPRAVATE, pure. 
 O let these Wounds, these Woundes in- 
 
 depravate, 
 Be holy Sanctuaries for my whole Man. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 28. 
 
 INDESCRIBABLES, a euphemism for 
 trousers. Of. CONTINUATIONS, INEX- 
 FLICABLES, INEXPRESSIBLES, UNMENTION- 
 ABLES. 
 
 As a giant is not so easily moved, a pair of 
 indescribables of most capacious dimensions, 
 and a huge shoe, are usually brought out, 
 into which two or three stout men get all at 
 once, to the enthusiastic delight of the crowd, 
 who are quite satisfied with the solemn as- 
 surance that these habiliments form part of 
 the giant's every-day costume. Sketches by 
 Boz (Greenwich Fair). 
 
 INDICAL, connected with an index. 
 The extract recalls Pope's lines 
 How index-learning turns no student pale, 
 Yet holds the eel of Science by the tail. 
 
 Dimciad, i. 279. 
 
 I confess there is a lazy kind of Learning 
 which is onely indical ; when Scholars (like 
 Adders, which onely bite the Horse heels) 
 nible but at the Tables, which are calces 
 Itbrorum, neglecting the body of the Book. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Norfolk (ii. 135). 
 
 INDIFFERENCED, having an appear- 
 ance of indifference. 
 
 I again turned to her, all as indifferenced 
 over as a girl at the first long-expected ques- 
 Z
 
 INDIGESTIVE 
 
 ( 338 ) INESCAPABLE 
 
 tion, who waits for two more. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, iii. 186. 
 
 INDIGESTIVE, dyspeptic. 
 
 She was a cousin, an indigestive single 
 woman, who called her rigidity religion, and 
 her liver love. Dickens, Great Expectations, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 INDIGNANCY, indignation. Spenser 
 (F. Q., III. xi. 13) has indignance. 
 
 Engrossed by the pride of self-defence, 
 and the indie/nancy of unmerited unkind- 
 ness, the disturbed mind of Camilla had not 
 yet formed one separate reflection. Mad. 
 D'Arllay, Camilla, Bk. III. ch. i. 
 
 INDIVIDUITY. See quotation. 
 
 Zorobabel's temple, acquiring by Herod's 
 bounty more beauty and bigness, continued 
 the same temple, God's unintermitted service 
 (the life and soul thereof) preserving the 
 individuity or oneness of this temple with 
 the former. Fuller, Pisgah Sight, III. (pt. ii.) 
 vi. 9. 
 
 INDIVINE, unholy. Milton (quoted 
 by R.) has undivine = unlike a divine ; 
 in which sense also Daniel uses it, say- 
 ing that the Bishop of Hereford, from 
 the text, My head acheth, " concludes 
 most undevinely" that the head of a 
 kingdom might be removed (Hist, of 
 Eng., p. 182). 
 
 His brother Clarence (o crime capitall !) 
 He did rebaptize in a butt of wine, 
 Being jelous of him (how soere loiall) : 
 A Turkish providence most indivine. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 57. 
 
 INDREAD, to fear. 
 
 So Isaak's sonnes in/dreading for to feel 
 This tyrant, who pursued him at the heel, 
 Dissundring fled. Hudson, Judith, i. 57. 
 
 INDUCTILE, stiff. 
 
 After all, he is no inductile material in 
 some hands. Miss Bronte, ch. xxxv. 
 
 INDULGIATE, to indulge. 
 
 Sergius Oratus was the first that made pits 
 for them about his house here ; more for 
 profit than to indulyiate his gluttony. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 293. 
 
 INDULT, grant ; indulgence. 
 
 If the Bishops of Rome could have con- 
 tented themselves to enjoy these temporali- 
 ties, .... and to have acknowledged them, 
 as many of their fellow-bishops do, to have 
 issued not at all by necessary derivation 
 from their spiritual power, but merely and 
 altogether from the free and voluntary indult 
 of temporal princes, the Christian Church 
 had not so just cause of complaint. Sander- 
 ton, ii. 246. 
 
 INDUPEBATOB. This archaic form 
 
 of imperator is used by Nashe, not 
 apparently as a Latin word. See quota- 
 tion s. v. EXCELSITUDE, where he speaks 
 of the herring as "this monarchall 
 fludy induperator" 
 
 INDUSTRIALISM, industry. 
 
 Has he not seen the Scottish Brassmith's 
 Idea . . . preparing us, by indirect but sure 
 methods, Industrialism and the Government 
 of the Wisest ? Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, 
 Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 INDUSTRY. Of industry = on pur- 
 pose : a Latinism. 
 
 "When Homer made Achilles passionate, 
 Wrathfull, reuengefull, and insatiate 
 In his affections, what man will denie 
 He did compose it all of Industrie, 
 To let men see that, &c. 
 
 Chapman, Revenge of Bussy 
 D'Ambois, Act III. 
 
 INEARTH, to bury in the earth. 
 
 The Ethiop, keen of scent, 
 
 Detects the ebony, 
 That deep-inearth' d, and hating light, 
 A leafless tree, and barren of all fruit, 
 With darkness feeds her boughs of raven 
 grain. Southey, Tlialaba, Bk. i. 
 
 INEBRIOUS, intoxicating. 
 Whilst thou art mixing fatal wines below, 
 Such that with scorching fever fill our veins, 
 And with inebrious fumes distract our brains. 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 331. 
 
 INEFFECTUALLY, something power- 
 less. 
 
 Lope de Vega .... plays at best, in the 
 eyes of some few, as a vague aurora-borealis, 
 and brilliant ineffectually. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 144. 
 
 INELOQUENCE. See quotation. Mil- 
 ton has ineloquent. 
 
 To us, as already hinted, the Abbot's elo- 
 quence is less admirable than his ineloquence, 
 his great invaluable talent of silence. Car- 
 lyle, Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. xi. 
 
 INERTION, sluggishness : inertness, or 
 the Latin inertia, are more common. 
 
 Inaction, bodily and intellectual, pervading 
 the same character, cannot but fix disgust 
 upon every stage and every state of life. 
 Vice alone is worse than such double iner- 
 tion. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 INESCAPABLE, inevitable ; not to be 
 eluded. 
 
 The limit of resistance was reached, and 
 she had sunk back helpless within the clutch 
 of inescapable anguish. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 She was looking along an inescapable path 
 of repulsive monotony. Ibid., Daniel De- 
 ronda, ch. xxvi.
 
 INEXCELLENCE ( 339 ) 
 
 INFESTED 
 
 INEXCELLENCE, dishonour. 
 
 Blush, Heaven, to lose the honour of thy 
 
 name ! 
 
 To see thy footstool set upon thy head ! 
 And let no baseness in thy haughty breast 
 Sustain a shame of such inexcellence* 
 
 Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3. 
 
 INEXECUTABLE, that cannot bo car- 
 ried out. 
 
 The king has accepted this constitution, 
 knowing beforehand that it will not serve : he 
 studies it, and executes it in the hope mainly 
 that it will be found inexecutable. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 INEXPECTABLE, not to be looked for. 
 
 What loud cries did beat on all sides at the 
 gates of heaven ! and with what inexpectalle, 
 unconceivable mercy were they answered ! 
 lip. Hall, Works, v. 223. 
 
 INEXPECTANT, not expecting. See 
 UNEXPECTANT. 
 
 Loverless and inexpectant of love, I was as 
 safe from spies in my heart-poverty as the 
 beggar from thieves in his destitution of 
 purse. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xiii. 
 
 INEXPECTLY, unexpectedly. 
 
 I startled to meet so inexpertly with the 
 name of Bishop Hall disgracefully ranked 
 with Priests and Jesuits. Up. Hall, Works, 
 viii. 503. 
 
 INEXPERIENCEDNESS, inexperience. 
 
 The damsel has three things to plead in 
 her excuse: the authority of her parents, 
 the persuasion of her friends, and the inex- 
 periencedness of her age. Bailey's Erasmus, 
 p. 318. 
 
 INEXPLICABLES, a euphemism for 
 trousers. Cf. INEXPRESSIBLES, INDE- 
 
 SCRIBABLE3, UNMENTIONABLES. 
 
 He usually wore a brown frock-coat with- 
 out a wrinkle, light inexplicable* without a 
 spot, a neat neckerchief with a remarkably 
 neat tie, and boots without a fault. Sketches 
 by Boz (Mr. Minns). 
 
 INEXPOSABLE, not to be exposed ; 
 secure. 
 
 Those whom nature or art, strength or 
 sleight, have made inexposable to easy ruin, 
 may pass unmolested. Adams, i. 83. 
 
 INFALL, incursion. 
 
 Lincolnshire, infested with infalls of Cam- 
 deners, has its own malignancies too. 
 Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 115. 
 
 INFAME, infamous. 
 
 I believe it is the first time that a scan- 
 dalous infame state libel was honoured with 
 a direct encomium iu a solemn History that 
 titles itself compleat. North, Examen, p. 
 142. 
 
 INFAMIZE, to dishonour. 
 With scornfull Daughter (graceless) thus 
 
 To infamize the poor old drunken man. 
 
 Sylvester, The Arke, 577. 
 
 INFANCY, inexpressiveness ; silence : 
 used with strict etymological propriety. 
 
 Where canst thou show any word or deed 
 of thine which might have hastened her 
 peace? Whatever thou dost DOW talk, or 
 write, or look is the alms of other men's 
 active prudence and zeal. Dare not now to 
 say or do anything better than thy former 
 sloth and infancy. Milton, Season of Ch. 
 Government, Bk. ii. 
 
 So darkly do the Saxon Annals deliver 
 their meaning with more than wonted in- 
 fancy. Ibid., Hist, of Eny., Bk. v. 
 
 INFANGLEMENT, scheme. 
 
 Neither you nor your niece know how, 
 with your fine souls and fine sense, to go 
 out of the common femality path, when you 
 get a man into your gin, however superior 
 he is to common infanylements, and low 
 chicanery, and dull and cold forms. Rich- 
 ardson, Grandison, vi. 156. 
 
 INFAUST, unlucky. 
 
 It was an infaust and sinister augury for 
 Austin Caxton. Lytton, The Caxtons, Bk. 
 VII. ch. i. 
 
 INFEASIBILITY, impracticability. 
 
 The infeacibility of the thing they peti- 
 tioned for to be done with justice gave the 
 denyall to their petition. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 III. v. 42. 
 
 INFECT, to infest. 
 
 A ruler .... whose office was .... to 
 represse the depredations and robberies of 
 Barbarians, but of Saxons especially, who 
 grievously infected Britaine. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 325. 
 
 INFECTIBLE, capable of being infected. 
 
 Such was the purity and perfection of this 
 thy glorious guest, that it was not possibly 
 infectible, nor any way obnoxious to the 
 danger of others' sin. Up. Hall, Works, ii. 
 500. 
 
 INFELONIOUS, not felonious ; not liable 
 to legal punishment. 
 
 The thought of that infelonious murder 
 had always made her wince. G. Eliot, 
 Daniel Deronda, ch. iii. 
 
 INFESTED, become habitual. 
 
 Their vitious living shamefully increaseth 
 and augmenteth, and by a cursed custome so 
 grown and infested that a great multitude of 
 the religious persons in such small houses do 
 rather choose to rove abroad in apostasie than 
 to conform themselves to the observation of 
 good religion. Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 310. 
 Z 2
 
 INFESTIVE 
 
 ( 340 ) 
 
 INHVRL 
 
 INFESTIVE, annoying. N. gives the 
 word as not uncommon, but offers no 
 example ; the other Diets, do not 
 notice it. 
 For I will all their ships inflame, with whose 
 
 infestive smoke, 
 Fear-shrunk, and hidden near their keels, 
 
 the conquer'd Greeks shall choke. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, viii. 151. 
 
 INFILLING, that which is used to fill 
 up a hole or hollow. 
 
 The fragments [of pottery], not having 
 been deemed of any value by the workmen, 
 were wheeled away, and buried with the 
 infilling. Arch., xliii. 122 (1871). 
 
 INFINITION, infinitude ; boundless- 
 ness. Davies is speaking of the horror 
 caused by the thought of annihilation. 
 For what joy is so great, but the conceipt 
 
 Of falling to his Infinition 
 Of blacke Non-essence, will confound it 
 streight ? 
 
 Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 23. 
 
 INFINITIVES, endless quantities. 
 Great Lord, to whom inftnitiues of fame 
 Flock like night starres about the siluer 
 moone. 
 G. Markham (Dedic. to Earl of Sussex), 
 
 Tragedie of Sir R. Grinuile. 
 Fie, that the spyrit of a single man 
 Should contradict innumerable wills, 
 Fie, that infinitiues of forces can 
 Nor may effect what one conceit fulfills. 
 
 Ibid. p. 69. 
 
 INFLUING, influence. 
 Canst thou restrain the pleasant infiuing 
 Of Pleiades (the Ushers of the Spring) ? 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, iv. 451. 
 
 INFOREST, to turn into forest. 
 
 Twelve knights or legall men are chosen in 
 euery shire, vpon their oath, to disparte the 
 old forests from the new ; and all such as 
 were found to haue been inforested since 
 the first coronation of Henry the second to 
 be disafforested. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 
 128. 
 
 The South-West part of this County is 
 called the New Forrest . . . because the Junior 
 of all Forrests in England ; many having 
 been dis- none in- f arrested since the Con- 
 quest. Fuller, Worthies, Hants. 
 
 INFORM, allege. 
 
 Whatsoever hath been done, hath been 
 my only attempt, which, notwithstanding, 
 was never intended against her chastity. But 
 whatsoever hath been informed, was my fault. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, Bk. V. p. 461. 
 
 INFRINGIBLE, unbreakable : the word, 
 if used now, would rather mean capable 
 of being broken or infringed. 
 
 Hauing betwixt themselnes sealed with 
 their hands the infringible band of faith and 
 troth in the heart, . . . hee tooke leaue of his 
 faire lady. Breton, An olde man's lesson, 
 p. 13. 
 
 INFRUCTUOUS, fruitless ; unprofitable. 
 
 The wolf living is like Eumney Marsh : 
 hyeme mains, (estate molestus, nunquam bonus. 
 . . Thus every way is this wolf infructuous, 
 Adams, ii. 120. 
 
 INFUND, to pour in. 
 
 They are . . . only the ministers of Him 
 which infundeth and poureth into all men 
 grace. JJecon, ii. 562. 
 
 INGORE, to clot. Cf. ENGORE. 
 
 Cut out this arrow, and the blood, that is 
 
 ingor'd and dry, 
 Wash with warm water from the wound. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xi. 741. 
 
 INGRATUITY, ingratitude. 
 Did Curtius more for Rome than I for thee, 
 That willingly (to saue thee from annoy 
 Of dire dislike for ingratuitee) 
 Do take vpon me to expresse thy joy, 
 And so my Muse in boundlesse seas destroie? 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 19. 
 
 INGREDIENT, a person entering. 
 
 If sin open her shop of delicacies, Solomon 
 shews the trap-door and the vault; ... if 
 she discovers the green and gay flowers of 
 delice, he cries to the inyredients, Latet anyuis 
 in herbd, The serpent lurks there. Adams, 
 i. 159. 
 
 INHAUNT, to frequent or keep about. 
 
 This creeke with running passadge thee 
 
 channel inhaunteth. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 168. 
 
 INHERITANT, inherent. 
 
 By the light of grace wee feele in our 
 selues an apprehension or participation of 
 those graces that essentially doe onely dwell 
 and are inheritant in the Diuine Nature. 
 Breton, Divine Considerations, p. 8. 
 
 INHIATE, to gnpe upon ; to open the 
 mouth (with desire to seize). Bp. Hall 
 uses inhiation. 
 
 How like gaping wolves do many of them 
 inhiate and gape after wicked Mammon ! 
 Becon, i. 253. 
 
 INHOUSED, housed. 
 
 They follow her to hell, 
 And there, inhoused with their mother Night, 
 All foure deuise how heauen and earth to 
 spight. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir R. Grinuile, 
 p. 51. 
 
 INHURL, to drive or cast in." 
 Would God your captayn with sootherne 
 
 blastpuf inhitrled 
 Heere made his arriual. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 559.
 
 INIMICITIOUS ( 34i ) INOBLIGALITY 
 
 INIMICTTIOUS, hostile. 
 
 'Tis wrote ... to drive the gall and other 
 bitter juices from the gall-bladder, liver, and 
 sweet-bread of his majesty's subjects, with 
 all the inimicitious passions which belong to 
 them, down into their duodenums. Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, iii. 178. 
 
 IXIQDITABLE, Unjust. 
 
 Who ever pretended to gainsay or resist 
 an Act of Parliament, although, by natural 
 possibility, it may be as inir/uitable as any 
 action of a single person can be? North, 
 Exarnen, p. 333. 
 
 His lordship was sensible of the prodigious 
 injustice and inif/uitable torment inflicted 
 upon suitors by vexatious and false advers- 
 aries. Ibid., Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 73. 
 
 INIQCITABLY, unjustly. 
 
 He used to exaggerate the monstrous im- 
 pudence of counsel that insisted so iniquit- 
 ably. North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 58. 
 
 INJEALOUS, to make jealous. 
 
 They lined together in that amitie as on[e] 
 bed and boord is sayd to haue serued them 
 both, which so iniealosed the olde king as he 
 called home his soune. Daniel, Hist, of 
 EIUJ., p. 93. 
 
 IXJELLY, to bury in jelly. 
 
 A pasty costly-made, 
 
 Where quail and pigeon, lark and leveret lay, 
 Like fossils of the rock, with golden yolks 
 Imbedded and injellied. 
 
 Tennyson, Audley Court. 
 
 INKLE, to guess : inkling as a sub- 
 stantive is not uncommon. 
 
 " John," cried my mother, " you are mad ! " 
 And yet she turned as pale as death, for 
 women are so quick at turning, and she 
 inkled what it was. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, 
 ch. Iii. 
 
 INKLE-BEGGAR, a beggar that sells 
 cheap tape, &c. 
 
 From the courtier to the carter, from the 
 lady to the inkle-begrjar, there is this excess. 
 Adams, ii. 437. 
 
 INKLE-WEAVER, a weaver of inkle, a 
 sort of inferior tape. R. notices the 
 saying " as thick as inkle-ioeavers " as 
 being common in the North, but gives 
 no example. The manufacture of 
 inkle was introduced by foreign weav- 
 ers (refugees for religion in sixteenth 
 century) ; these of course consorted 
 much together ; hence the phrase. 
 
 Why, she and you were as great as two 
 inkle-weavers ; I am sure I have seen her hug 
 you as the devil hngg'd the witch. Swift, 
 Polite Conversation (Conv. L). 
 
 The clerk called the banes of marriage 
 betwixt Opauiah Lashmeheygo and Tapitha 
 
 Brample, spinster ; he niought as well have 
 called her inkle-weaver, for she never spun an 
 hank of yarn in her life. Smollett, Huwphny 
 Clinker, ii. 184. 
 
 INLECK, hole where water leaks in. 
 Graunt plancks from forrest too clowtoure 
 battered inlecks. Stanyhurst, jn., iii. 538. 
 
 INMEATS, entrails. The word is given 
 in Peacock's Manley and Cornngham 
 Glossary (E. D. S.) as meaning "the 
 edible viscera of pigs, fowls, &c." 
 
 Get tbee gone, 
 
 Or I shall try six inches of my knife 
 On thine own inmeats first. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Ft. II. iii. 1. 
 
 INMORE, inner. 
 
 Of these Angles, some part having passed 
 forward into the inmore quarters of Ger- 
 manie, . . . went as farre as Italic. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 131. 
 
 INNASCIBILITY, incapability of being 
 born or begotten ; an attribute of God 
 the Father. 
 
 Innasribility we must admitt 
 The Father. 
 
 Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 17. 
 
 INNECT, to join together. 
 
 He . . . gave (in allusion of his two Bishop- 
 ricks, which he successively enjoyed) two 
 annulets innected in his paternal coat. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Durham (i. 329). 
 
 INNODATE, to knot up ; to implicate. 
 
 Her subjects are declared absolved from 
 the oath of allegiance, and every other thing 
 due unto her whatsoever. And those which 
 from henceforth obey her are innodated with 
 the anathema. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. ii. 24. 
 
 INNOMINABLES, trousers ; inexpress- 
 ibles, q. v. 
 
 The lower part of his dress represented 
 innominables and hose in one. Southey, The 
 Doctor, p. 688. 
 
 INNOVATIVE, making changes, or in- 
 troducing novelties. 
 
 Some writers are, as to manner and diction, 
 conservative, while others are innovative. 
 Hall, Modern Etu/lish, p. 27. 
 
 INNOXIOUSNESS, harmlessness. 
 
 I should hold it wrong to make over to 
 any other judgement than my own the dan- 
 ger or the innoxiousness of any and every 
 manuscript that has been cast into my power. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vu. 373. 
 
 INOBLIGALITY, unbindingness. 
 
 So apparent is the repugnancy of the mat- 
 ter of this vow with the precepts of Christian 
 charity and mercy, that if all I have hitherto 
 said were of no force, this repugnancy aloiio
 
 INO1L 
 
 ( 342 ) INSEPARIZED 
 
 were enough, without other evidence, to 
 prove the unlawfulness, and consequently 
 the invalidity or inobliyality thereof. San- 
 derson, v. 67. 
 
 INOIL, to anoint. The extract is from 
 a speech of Cranmer's at the coronation 
 of Edward VI., 1546. 
 
 The oil, if added, is but a ceremony : if it 
 be wanting, that king is yet a perfect mon- 
 arch notwithstanding, and God's anointed, as 
 well as if he was inoiled. Strype, Cranmer. 
 Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 INOPINABLE, inconceivable. 
 
 These eight miles or days' journeys may 
 be called paradoxa, that is to say, inopinable, 
 incredible, and unbelievable sayings ; for if 
 Christ had not spoken it Himself, who should 
 have believed it ? Latimer, i. 476. 
 
 INORDINANCY, extravagance ; excess. 
 The Diets, give inordinacy. 
 
 In order to reform this inordinancy of his 
 desires, his patron addressed him in the fol- 
 lowing manner. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 12. 
 
 I scarce remember to have experienced the 
 smallest discontent, save what arose from the 
 inordinancy of my wife's affection for me. 
 Ibid. i. 328. 
 
 INPATH, an intricate way ; via invia. 
 Italy is hence parted by long crosse dan- 
 gerous inpaths. Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 396. 
 
 INPBAVABLE, incorruptible. 
 
 He . . . set before his eyes alway the eye 
 of the everlasting judge and the inpravable 
 judging-place. liecon, i. 105. 
 
 INQUIRIST, inquirer. 
 
 But the inquirist keeping himself on the 
 reserve as to his employers, the girl refused 
 to tell the day or to give him other particu- 
 lars. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 321. 
 
 INQUISITE, to inquire into. 
 
 He inquisited with justice and decorum, 
 and determined with as much lenity towards 
 his enemies as ever prince did. North, Life 
 of Lord Guilford, ii. 40. 
 
 It is a transcendent justification to be thus 
 inquisited, and in every respect acquitted. 
 Ibid., Examen, p. 621. 
 
 INQUISITRESS, female inquisitor. 
 
 The innocent intrigue, abetted by the 
 poetic Julia, is brought to light by that 
 black-haired inquisitress. Phillips, Essays 
 from the Times, ii. 326. 
 
 Little Jesuit inquisitres* as she was, she 
 could see things in a true light. Miss Bronte, 
 I'illette, ch. xxvi 
 
 INRODER, invader. 
 
 The Danes never acquired in this land a 
 long and peaceable possession thereof, living 
 
 here rather as inroders than inhabitants. 
 Fulltr, Worthies, ch. xxiv. 
 
 INRUSH, to rush in. 
 
 As the land draweth backward, the sea . . . 
 pirusheth upon a little region called Keimes. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 654. 
 
 INRUSH, irruption. 
 
 A long and lonely voyage, with its mono- 
 tonous days and sleepless nights, its sickness 
 and heart-loneliness, has given me oppor- 
 tunities for analysing my past history which 
 were impossible then amid the ceaseless in- 
 rush of new images, the ceaseless ferment of 
 their recombination in which ray life was 
 passed from sixteen to twenty-five. C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. vii. 
 
 In asking Deronda if he knew Hebrew, 
 Mordecai was so possessed by the new inrush 
 of belief, that he had forgotten the absence 
 of any other condition to the fulfilment of 
 his hopes. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. 
 xxxviii. 
 
 INS AND OUTS, windings; various 
 turns. 
 
 Follow their whimsies and their ins and 
 outs at the consulto when the Prince was 
 among them. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 
 152. 
 
 INSEA, to surround by the sea. 
 
 The sun cast many a glorious beam 
 On our bright armours, horse and foot insea'd 
 together there. Chapman, Iliad, xi. 637. 
 
 INSENSIBLE, a thoroughly apathetic or 
 hard-hearted person. 
 
 Nay, would'st thou believe it? those 
 brawny insensibles the chairmen take it to 
 heart, and threaten to renounce flip and all 
 fours since thou hast decreed to leave Eng- 
 land. T. Brown, Works, iv. 193. 
 
 His reason and the force of his resolutions 
 enabled him on all occasions to contain him- 
 self, and to curb the very first risings of pas- 
 sion, and that in such a degree that he was 
 taken almost for an insensible. North, Life 
 of Lord Guilford, ii. 53. 
 
 What an insensible must have been my 
 cousin, had she not been proud of being 
 Lady Grandison. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 
 405. 
 
 INSENSIBLIST, an apathetic man ; in 
 the extract = one who affects apathy. 
 
 Mr. Meadows, . . . since he commenced 
 insensiblist, has never once dared to be 
 pleased, nor ventured for a moment to look 
 in good humour. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, 
 Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 INSEPARIZED, inseparable. Sylvester 
 says that Diocletian 
 
 Knew well the Cares from Crowns in- 
 scpariz'd. Memorials of Mortalitie, si. 43.
 
 IN SEQUENT 
 
 ( 343 ) 
 
 INSURANCE 
 
 INSEQUENT, subsequent. 
 
 The debt was not cancell'd to that rigid 
 and hard servant, for if he had his Apocha 
 or quietance, to speak after the manner of 
 men, he were free from all insequent 
 demands. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 25. 
 
 The storm will gather, and burst out into 
 a greater tempest in all insequent meetings. 
 Ibid. i. 50. 
 
 INSERENE, to disturb. 
 
 Death stood by, 
 "Whose gastly presence inserenes my face. 
 
 Dames, Holy Roode, p. 18. 
 
 INSEVERABLE, not to be severed. 
 
 We had suffered so much together, and 
 the filaments connecting them with my 
 heart were ... so inseverable. De Quincey, 
 Autob. Sketches, i. 88. 
 
 INSIDIATION, guile. 
 
 Though heaven be sure and secure from 
 violent robbers, yet these by a wily insidia- 
 tion enter into it, and rob God of His honour. 
 Adams, i. 131. 
 
 INSIGHTED, possessed of insight. 
 
 Justus Lipsius, deepely insiyhted in under- 
 standing old authors. Hollands Camden, 
 p. 687. 
 
 INSOLENT, an insolent person. 
 
 "When the insolent saw that I did not dress 
 as he would have had me, he drew out his 
 face glouting to half the length of my arm. 
 Richardson, Grandison, iv. 284. 
 
 INSOLID, light. 
 
 The second defect in the eye is an insolid 
 levity. Adams, ii. 381. 
 
 INSOMNOLENCE, sleeplessness. 
 
 Twelve by the kitchen clock ! still restless ! 
 One ! O, Doctor, for one of thy comfortable 
 composing draughts ! Two ! here's a case of 
 insomnolence ! Southey, The Doctor, ch. vi, 
 A. 1. 
 
 Ambition's fever, envy's jaundiced eye. 
 Detraction that exulcerates, aguish fear, 
 Suspicion's wasting pale insomnolence, 
 With hatred's canker. 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, i. 2. 
 
 INSPECT INTO, to inspect ; examine : 
 inspicere in is sometimes used in Latin. 
 
 He had not more vigilantly inspected into 
 her sentiments than he had guarded his own 
 from a similar scrutiny. Mad. D'Arllay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 INSPECTRESS, female inspector or 
 overlooker. 
 
 Tnspectress General of the royal geer. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 36. 
 
 INSTANT, to urge. 
 
 Pilate would shed no innocent blood, but 
 laboured to mitigate the bishops' fury, and 
 
 instanted them, as they were religious, to 
 shew godly favour. Hale, Select Works, 
 p. 242. 
 
 INSTANT, instance ; pressing appli- 
 cation. 
 
 Upon her instant unto the Romanes for 
 aide, Garisons were set, Cohorts and wings of 
 foot and horse were sent, which after sundry 
 skirmishes with variable event, delivered her 
 person out of perill. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 687. 
 
 INSTANTER, instantly. 
 
 Ay, Beauty the Girl and Love the Boy, 
 Bright as they are with hope and joy, 
 
 How their souls would sadden instanter, 
 To remember that one of those wedding bells 
 Which ring so merrily through the dells 
 Is the same that knells 
 Our last farewells, 
 Only broken into a canter. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 INSTITUTION. " The institution " was 
 a common euphemism for slavery in 
 America. 
 
 I am not going into the slavery question, 
 I am not an advocate for " the institution" 
 Tliackeray, Eoundabout Papers, xvii. 
 
 INSTITUTIONARY, pertaining to insti- 
 tution to a preferment. 
 
 Dr. Grant had brought on apoplexy and 
 death by three great institutionary dinners 
 in one week. Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, 
 ch. xlvii. 
 
 INSTITDTRESS, foundress. 
 
 The queen was then lying in state in this 
 coffin at the convent at Chaillot, near Paris, 
 of which she had been the institutress and 
 patroness. Archaol., xxi. 549 (1827). 
 
 INSTREAMING, access ; flowing in. 
 
 He put out his ungloved hand. Mordecai, 
 clasping it eagerly, seemed to feel a new 
 instreaming of confidence. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. xl. 
 
 INSTRUMENTALISE, to make or build 
 up. 
 
 In the making of the first man, God first 
 instrumentalised a perfect body, and then 
 infused a living soul. Adams, iii. 147. 
 
 INSULPHURED, impregnated with 
 sulphur. 
 
 Meere heate 
 
 Of a.iie'insulphur j d makes the Patient sweate. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 265. 
 
 INSURANCE, engagement ; betrothal. 
 And dyd not I knowe afore of the insurance 
 Betweene Gawyn Goodlucke and Christian 
 
 Custanee? Udal, Roister Doister, iv. 6.
 
 INSURGENCE ( 344 ) INTERFRICTION 
 
 INSURGEXCE, rising on or against. 
 
 There was a moral insurgence in the minds 
 of grave men against the Court of Home. 
 G. Eliot, liomola, ch. Ixxi. 
 
 INSDRRECTIONER, a rebel. 
 
 What had the people got if the Parlia- 
 ment, instead of guarding the Crown, had 
 colleagued with Venner and other insur- 
 rectioners ? North, Examen, p. 418. 
 
 INSURRECTOR, insurgent; rebel. 
 
 They not onely sided with his Gherionian 
 insurrectors against him, but . . . they most 
 basely for a sum of mony delivered him 
 over to the plesure of his Gherionian. 
 enemies. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 129. 
 
 INSWATHE, to infold. 
 
 Hay 
 
 Pent in a roofless close of ragged stones ; 
 Inswathed sometimes in wandering mist. 
 
 Tennyson, St. Simeon Stylites^ 
 
 INTAKE, enclosure of land from a 
 common. See Peacock's Manley and 
 Corringham Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 After the Norman Conquest, when a great 
 part of the first City was turn'd into a 
 Castle by King "William I., it is probable 
 they added the last intake southward in the 
 angle of the Witham. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, iii. 4. 
 
 INTEMPERANT, intemperate. 
 
 Soche as be intemperaunt, that is, foloers 
 of their naughtie appetites and lustes, doe in 
 this poinct erre, that thei thinke those 
 thynges to be sweete and honest whiche are 
 iiothyng so. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 15. 
 
 INTENBATE, to strengthen or in- 
 tensify. 
 
 Poor Jean Jacques ! . . . with all misform- 
 ations of Nature intensated to the verge of 
 madness by unfavourable fortune. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iii. 211. 
 
 As if to intensate the influences that are 
 not of race, what we think of when we talk 
 of English traits really narrows itself to a 
 small district. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. iv. 
 
 INTENSATION, stretch; ascending 
 climax. 
 
 There are cooks too, we know, who boast 
 of their diabolic ability to cause the patient, 
 by successive intensations of their art, to eat 
 with new and ever new appetite, till he 
 explode on the spot, Carlyle, Misc., iii. 221. 
 
 INTERACT, to act reciprocally, one on 
 nnother. 
 
 The two complexions, or two styles of 
 mind the perceptive class, and the practical 
 finality class are ever in counterpoise, inter- 
 acting mutually. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. 
 xiv. 
 
 INTERCOMPLEXITY, entanglement. 
 
 Intercomplexities had arisen between all 
 complications and interweavings of descent 
 from three original strands. De Quincey. 
 Spanish Nun, sect. 20. 
 
 INTERCONNECTION, mutual connection. 
 
 There have been, and there are cases 
 where two stars dissemble an interconnection 
 which they really have, and other cases 
 where they simulate an interconnection which 
 they have not. De Quincey, System of the 
 Heavens. 
 
 INTERCURLED, enlaced. 
 
 Queen Helen, whose Jacinth-hair curled 
 by nature, but intercurled by art (like a fine 
 brook through golden sands), had a rope of 
 fair pearl. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 59. 
 
 INTERCUT, to intersect. 
 
 There was another reson which induced 
 me to this transmutation, for it related to 
 the quality of the countrey whence he 
 sprung, which is so inlayed and everywhere 
 so intercutt and indented with the sea or 
 fresh navigable rivers that one cannot tell 
 what to call it, either water or land. Howell, 
 Parly of Beasts, p. 5. 
 
 INTERDESTRUCTIVENESS, mutual de- 
 structiveness. 
 
 There are antipathies and properties inter- 
 changeably irreconcilable and destructive to 
 each other, that fit one human being to be 
 the source of another's misery. Beyond 
 doubt I had found this true opposition and 
 interdestnictiveness in Clifford. Godwin, 
 Mandeville, ii. 103. 
 
 INTERESSADO, an interested person. 
 
 Should not then these interessados resolve 
 upon some desperate fact, costa che costa, to 
 sustain the credit of Gates, which was 
 notoriously sinking? North, Examen, p. 
 198. 
 
 INTERESTEDNESS, a regard for one's 
 own private views or profit. Dis- 
 interestedness, to express the reverse of 
 this, is common. 
 
 I might give them what degree of credit I 
 pleased, and take them with abatement for 
 Mr. Solmes's interestedness, if I thought fit. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, ii. 243. 
 
 INTERFLOW, to flow in. Holland also 
 uses the substantive enterftow, q. v. 
 
 "What way the current cold 
 Of Northern Ocean with strong tides doth 
 interflow and swell. 
 
 Holland's Camden, p. 12. 
 
 INTERFRICTION, rubbing together. 
 
 Kindling a fire by interfriction of dry 
 sticks was a secret almost exclusively Indian. 
 De (Quincey, Spanish Nun, sect. 16.
 
 1NTERGERN 
 
 ( 345 ) INTOLERAB2LITY 
 
 INTERGERN, to interchange grins or 
 snarls. 
 
 The eager dogs are cheer M with claps aiid 
 
 cryes, 
 
 The angry beast to his best chamber flies, 
 And (angled there) sits grimly inter-yerning, 
 And all the earth rings with the terryes 
 
 yearning. Sylvester, The Decay, 938. 
 
 INTERLARUMENT, intermixture." In 
 the extract it means insertion of di- 
 gressions, reflections, &c. 
 
 I know thou cheerest the hearts of all thy 
 acquaintance with such detached parts of 
 mine [letters] as tend not to dishonour 
 characters or reveal names ; and this gives 
 me an appetite to oblige thee by interlard- 
 ment. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 89. 
 
 INTERLOCK, to lock or clasp together. 
 I felt my fingers work and my hands inter- 
 lock. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxvii. 
 
 INTERLOCUTEICE, a woman con- 
 versing. 
 
 Have the goodness to serve her as audi- 
 tress and inter locutr ice. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xiv. 
 
 INTERMINGLEDOM, mixture. 
 
 The case is filled with bits and ends to 
 ribbons, patterns, and so forth, of all manner 
 of colours, faded and fresh ; with intermingle- 
 doms of gold-beaters' skin plasters for a cut 
 finger. llichardson, Grandison, vi. 184. 
 
 INTERMISS, respite ; interval. 
 
 They think not fit to trust the care to 
 others, but do become themselves the super- 
 visors, which, for a time, of force enforc'd 
 their absence ; in which short intermiss the 
 king relapseth to his former errour. Hist, 
 of Edward II., p. 94. 
 
 INTERMISSION, intervention. 
 
 It was provided .... that such Contro- 
 versies . . . should be decided by the ordin- 
 ary course of Justice, or by some amicable 
 and friendly Composition amongst them- 
 selves ; and that no other . . . towns, whom 
 those Countries did no way concern, shall in 
 any part meddle by way of friendly inter- 
 mission tending to an accord. Heylin's Hist, 
 of the Presbyterians, p. 126. 
 
 INTERNITY, inwardness; interior 
 presence. 
 
 The internity of His ever-living light kin- 
 dled up an exteruity of corporeal irradiation. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 249. 
 
 INTERNUNCIESS, female envoy. 
 
 Iris, that had place 
 Of internunciess from the Gods. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xv. 140. 
 
 INTEBNUNCIOSHIP, agency as a mes- 
 senger. 
 
 Several billets passed between us before I 
 went out, by the inter nuncio ship of Dorcas. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, \. 6. 
 
 INTERPASS, to pass between. 
 
 Many skirmishes intenxuted, with surprise- 
 ments of castles, but in the end a treaty 
 of peace was propounded. Daniel, Hist, of 
 Eny., p. 47. 
 
 INTERPOLER. 
 
 Your ladies, after they have travell'd 
 thither with some liberal interpoler, carry 
 home with them more than their husbands 
 are worth. T. Brown, Works, iii. 64. 
 
 INTERPOLITY, exchange of citizenship. 
 
 You whose whole theory is an absolute 
 sermon upon emigration, and the transplant- 
 ing and tnterpohty of our species, you, sir, 
 should be the last man to chain your son, 
 your elder son, to the soil. Lytton, Caxtons, 
 Bk. XIII. ch. i. 
 
 INTERTRAFFIC, to trade together. 
 Through peace and perfect government this 
 
 land 
 
 May in her rich commodities abound ; 
 Which may confirm the neighbour-friend- 
 ship's band, 
 
 And intertrafficke with them tunne for 
 pound. Davies, Microcosmos, p. 61. 
 
 INTERTWINE, interweaving ; mixture. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Such intertwine beseems triumphal wreaths 
 Strewed before thy advancing. 
 
 Coleridge, To Wordsworth. 
 
 INTERVISIT, to exchange visits. 
 
 Here we trifled, and bathed, and inter- 
 visited with the company who frequent the 
 place for health. Evelyn, Diary, June 27, 
 1654. 
 
 INTERWOUND, to exchange wounds ; 
 to wound mutually. 
 
 The Captain chooses but three hundred out, 
 And arming each but with a trump and torch, 
 About a mighty pagan boast doth march, 
 Making the same, through their dead sodain 
 
 sound, 
 With their owne arms themselves to inter- 
 
 vound. Sylvester, The Captaines, 823. 
 
 INTEXT, contents. 
 
 Besides rare sweets, I had a book which none 
 Co'd reade the intext but my selfe alone. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 243. 
 
 INTIMADO, confidant ; close friend. 
 
 Did not I say he was the Earl's Intimado ? 
 North, Examen, p. 23. 
 
 There is a gentleman of no good character 
 (an intimado of Mr. Lovelace) who is a con- 
 stant visitor of her. Eichardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, vii. 359. 
 
 INTOLERABILITY, unbearableness ; ex- 
 cessive badness.
 
 INTOXICABLE , ( 346 ) 
 
 INVICT 
 
 The goodness of yonr true pun is in the 
 direct ratio of its intoler ability. E. A. Poe, 
 Marginalia, In trod. 
 
 INTOXICABLE, capable of being in- 
 toxicated. 
 
 If the powers they were to lean on were 
 not willing friends, and the people not so 
 intoxicable as to fall in with their brutal 
 assistance, no good could come of any false 
 plot. North, Examen, p. 314. 
 
 INTOXICATE, to poison. 
 
 What is to be looked for in a dispenser ? 
 This, surely : . . . that he give meat in time ; 
 give it, I say, and not sell it ; meat, I say, 
 and not poison. For the one doth intoxicate 
 and slay the eater, the other feedeth and 
 nourisheth him. Latimer, i. 35. 
 
 Because the poyson of this opinion does so 
 easily enter, and so strangely intoxicate,! 
 shall presume to give an antidote against it. 
 South, Sermons, iii. 144. 
 
 INTRACTED, drawn in. 
 For cruell thirst came out of Cyren land, 
 Where she was fostred on that burning sand, 
 With hote intracted tongue, and sonken een. 
 Hudson, Judith, iii. 299. 
 
 INTRADO, income. See ENTRADO and 
 ENTRATAS. In the third extract the 
 word = entry. 
 
 The Pope's income ran the highest in 
 England under King Henry the third and 
 King Edward the first, before the statute of 
 Mortmaine, and after it that of Premunire 
 was made, for these much abated his intrado. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. iii. 35. 
 
 The royal intrado was so much increased 
 in the late King's time, that for the better 
 managing of it the King erected first the 
 court of Augmentation, and afterwards the 
 court of Surveyors. Heylin, Hist, of Ref., i. 
 286. 
 
 And now my lady makes her intrado, and 
 begins the great work of the day. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 117. 
 
 INTRAIN, to draw on ; to beguile. 
 See s. v. ENTRAIN. 
 
 Th' Hebrew Captain then 
 Flies as affeard, and with him all his men 
 Disorderly retire, still faining so 
 Till (politik) he hath intrayn'd the foe 
 Bight to his ambush. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 379. 
 
 INTRICO, intricacy. 
 
 The potions of school divinity wrought 
 easily with him, so that he was not lost a 
 whit in their intricoes. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 12. 
 
 INTRIGUESS, a scheming woman. 
 
 His family was very ill qualified for that 
 place, his lady being a most violent intriyuess 
 in business. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 168. 
 
 The wife for her part . . . was a compleat 
 intriyuess. Ibid., Examen, p. 197. 
 
 It is to be regretted that a word used in 
 the days of Charles II., and still intelligible 
 in our times, should have become obsolete ; 
 viz., the feminine for intriguer an intriyuess, 
 See the Life of Lord Keeper North. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Manoeuvring, ch. i. 
 
 INTRIGUISH, connected with plot or 
 intrigue. 
 
 Considering the assurance and application 
 of women, especially to affairs that are in- 
 triyuish, we must conclude that the chief 
 address was to Mrs. "Wall. North, Examen, 
 p. 193. 
 
 INTRODUCT, to introduce. 
 
 The Chaplain's full and absolute parts did 
 introduct him to this love and liking. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 29. 
 
 INTDRN, a term in wrestling. See 
 Halliwell s. v. 
 
 When th' hardy Major, skilled in wars, 
 To make quick end of fight prepares, 
 By strength o'er buttock cross to hawl him, 
 And with a trip i' th' inturn mawl him. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 2. 
 
 INDSITATE, unusual. 
 
 I find some inusitate expressions about 
 some mysteries which are scarcely intelligible 
 or explicable. Brainhall, ii. 61. 
 
 INUSTION, burning. 
 
 A kingdom brought him to tyranny, 
 tyranny to ... inustion of other countries, 
 among which Israel felt the smart in the 
 burning of her cities and massacring her 
 inhabitants. Adams, ii. 354. 
 
 INVECTIYENESS, abusiveness. 
 Some wonder at his invectiveness ; I wonder 
 more that he inveigheth so little. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Hants (i. 414). 
 
 INVEIGH ON, to attack with re- 
 proaches. R. gives one example of 
 inveigh at; otherwise all the extracts 
 in the Diets, give the word with the 
 usual preposition, against. 
 
 I can hardly iuhold from inveiyhiny on his 
 memory. Fuller, Hist, of Camb., viii. 16. 
 
 INVESTION, investiture. 
 We knew, my lord, before we brought the 
 
 crown, 
 
 Intending your investion so near 
 The residence of your despised brother, 
 The lords would not be too exasperate 
 To injury or suppress your worthy title. 
 
 Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1. 
 
 INVICT, unconquered. 
 
 Who weens to vanquish him makes him 
 invict. Sylvester, Trophies of Hen. the 
 Great, 151.
 
 IN VI NATE 
 
 ( 347 ) IRREFRAGABILITY 
 
 INVINATE, incorporated with wine. 
 Christ should be impanate and invinate. 
 Crannter, i. 305. 
 
 INVITE, invitation. 
 
 The Lamprey swims to his Lord's invites. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 305. 
 
 Everybody bowed and accepted the invite 
 but me, and I thought fitting not to hear it, 
 for I have no intention of snapping at invites 
 from the eminent. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary. 
 i. 105. 
 
 Adepts in every little meanness or contriv- 
 ance likely to bring about an invitation (or, 
 as they call it with equal good taste, an 
 invite). Th. Hook, Man of Many Friends. 
 
 Guest after guest arrived : the invites had 
 been excellently arranged. Sketches by Boz 
 (Steam Excursion). 
 
 INVOLUBLE, immovable. Sylvester 
 speaks of God as 
 
 Infallible, involulle, insensible. Little 
 Bartas, 161. 
 
 INVOLUTE, involved : also used sub- 
 stantival ly. 
 
 The style is so involute that one cannot 
 help fancying it must be falsely constructed. 
 E. A. Poe, Maryinalia, cxvii. 
 
 Far more of our deepest thoughts and 
 feelings pass to us through perplexed com- 
 binations of concrete objects, pass to us as 
 involutes (if I may coin that word) in com- 
 pound experiences incapable of being disen- 
 tangled, than ever reach us directly, and in 
 their own abstract shapes. De Quincey, 
 Autob. Sketches, ch. i. 
 
 INWALL, inner wall. 
 The hinges piecemeal flew, and through the 
 
 fervent little rock 
 Th under 'd a passage ; with his weight th' 
 
 imvall his breast did knock. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xii. 448. 
 
 IN-YOAT, to pour in. See L. s. v. 
 yote. 
 
 O that my words (the words I now assever) 
 Were writ, were printed, and (to last for 
 
 ever) 
 
 Were grav'n in Marble with an yron pen 
 With Lead in-yoated (to fill up agen). 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, ii. 271. 
 
 I U, a promise to pay. 
 
 Hee teacheth od f ellowes play tricks with 
 their creditors, who instead of payments 
 write /OF, and so scoffe many an honest 
 man out of his goods. Breton, Courtier and 
 Countryman, p. 9. 
 
 IRACUND, passionate. 
 A spirit cross-grained, fantastic, iracund, 
 incompatible. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 87. 
 
 IRACUNDIOUSLY, angrily. 
 
 He, . . . drawing out his knife most iracun- 
 
 diously, at one whiske lopt off his head. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 166). 
 
 IRID, the circle round the pupil of 
 the eye : iris is more usual. 
 
 Brown eyes with a benignant light in their 
 irids, and a fine pencilling of long lashes 
 round, relieved the whiteness of her large 
 front. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. v. 
 
 Many a sudden ray levelled from the irid 
 under his well-charactered brow. Ibid., 
 Villette, ch. xvi. 
 
 IRONS. To have many irons in the 
 fire = to have many plans or occupa- 
 tions. To put every iron in the fire = 
 to try every means. 
 
 Elaiana . . . hath divers nurseries to supplie, 
 many irons perpetually in the Jire. Hotcell, 
 Dodona's Grove, p. 38. 
 
 They held it not agreeable to the rules of 
 prudence to have too many irons in the Jire. 
 Heylin, Reformation, i. 261. 
 
 You'll find that I have more irons i' th' 
 Jire than one ; I doan't come of a fool's errand. 
 Gibber, Provoked Husband, Aci III. 
 
 Anthony Darnel had begun to canvass, and 
 was putting every iron in the Jire. Smollett, 
 Sir L. Greaves, ch. iii. 
 
 IRREALIZABLE, that cannot be realized 
 or defined. 
 
 It may be that the constancy of one true 
 heart, the truth and faith of one mind ac- 
 cording to the light He has appointed, import 
 as much to Him as the just motion of satel- 
 lites about their planets, of planets about 
 their suns, of suns around that mighty, un- 
 seen centre, incomprehensible, irrealizable, 
 with strange mental effort only divined. 
 Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 IRRECLAIMABLENESS, incorrigible state. 
 
 Enormities . . . which are out of his power 
 to atone for, by reason of the death of some 
 of the injured parties, and the irreclaimable- 
 ness of others. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, viii. 
 407. 
 
 IRRECONCILABLE is often used now 
 as a substantive of any who will admit 
 no compromise on the point in which 
 they are interested. 
 
 Sleep and I have quarrelled ; and although 
 I court it, it will not be friends. I hope its 
 fellow-irreconctlables at Harlowe-place enjoy 
 its balmy comforts. Richardson, Cl.Harlowe, 
 iii. 178. 
 
 IRREFLECTIVE, thoughtless. 
 
 From this day I was an altered creature, 
 never again relapsing into the careless, irre- 
 fective miud of childhood. De Quincey, 
 Autob. Sketches, i. 362. 
 
 IRREFRAGABILITY, unbendingness ; 
 obstinacy. 
 
 A solemn, high-stalking man, with such a
 
 1RRELATION 
 
 ( 348 ) 
 
 fund of indignation in him, or of latent 
 indignation ; of contnmaoity, irrefraijability. 
 Carlyle, Mite., iv. 80. 
 
 IRRELATION, want of relation. 
 
 The utter irrelation, in both cases, of the 
 audience to the scene . . . threw upon each 
 a ridicule not to be effaced. De Quincey, 
 Aviob. Sketches, i. 190. 
 
 IREEPASSABLE, that cannot be re- 
 
 He had past already (miserable) 
 Of Styx so black the flood irrepassable. 
 Hudson, Judith, vi. 250. 
 
 IRRESUSCITABLY, in a completely dead 
 way; incapable of revival. 
 
 The inner man . . . sleeps now irresuscit- 
 ably at the bottom of his stomach. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Eesartus, Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 IRRETENTION, want of retaining 
 power. 
 
 From irretention of memory he could not 
 recollect the letters which composed his 
 name. De Quincey, Last Days of Kant. 
 
 IRREVITABLE, not to be evaded. 
 
 To conclude, for their force it is irreuitable, 
 for were they not irreuitable, then might 
 eyther propernesse of person secure a man, or 
 wisedome preuent am. Chapman, All Fooles, 
 ActV. 
 
 IRRITE, vain ; useless. 
 
 These irrite. forceless, bugbear excommuni- 
 cations, the ridiculous affordments of a mer- 
 cenary power, are not unlike those old night- 
 spells which blind people had from mongrel 
 witches. Adams, ii. 180. 
 
 IRY, angry. 
 
 For to be angery and not to sinne 
 
 Is an obligatorie heast divine ; 
 
 For whiles we are that holy anger in 
 
 (Not wholly angery), it is a signe 
 
 We flame with that which doth our soules 
 
 refine: 
 
 For in our Soules the iry pow'r it is 
 That makes vs at vnhallowed thoughts repine. 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 74. 
 
 ISLAND, to insulate. 
 
 She distinguished ... a belt of trees, such 
 as we see in the lovely parks of England, 
 but islanded by a screen of thick bushy under- 
 growth. De Quincey, Spanish Nun, sect. 18. 
 
 ISLANDISH, insular. Dr. Dee, Petty 
 Navey Royal, 1576 (Ena. Garner, ii. 
 65), speaks of "our Islandish Mon- 
 archy." 
 
 ISLE, to insulate ; to make an island ; 
 also to dwell on an isle. 
 
 And isleJ in smMen seas of light 
 
 My heart, pierc'd thro' with fierce delight, 
 
 Brrsts into blossom in his sight. 
 
 Tennyson, Fatima. 
 
 Lion and stoat have hied together, knave, 
 In time of flood. Ibid., Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 ISM, being the termination of many 
 words denoting forms of religious belief, 
 is used as a generic term for sects or 
 dogmas. 
 
 It has nothing to do with Calvinism nor 
 Arminianism nor any of the other isms. 
 Sotithey, Letters, 1809 (ii. 182). 
 
 This is Abbot Samson's Catholicism of the 
 twelfth century something like the Ism of 
 all true men in all true centuries, I fancy. 
 Alas, compared with any of the Isms current 
 in these poor days, what a thing ! Carlyle, 
 Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. xv. 
 
 ISTHIM, isthmus. 
 
 Logh Nesse, . . . from which, by a verie 
 small Isthim or partition of hils, the Logh 
 Lutea or Lonthia ... is divided. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 50. 
 
 ITALTSH, Italian. 
 
 All this is true, though the feat handling 
 thereof be altogether Italish. Bale, Select 
 Works, p. 9. 
 
 The book of conformities of Frances to 
 Christ written by an Italish friar called Bar- 
 tholomew Pisanus. Ibid. p. 205. 
 
 ITCHLESS. incorruptible ; not having 
 an itching palm (?). 
 
 But thou art just and itchlesse,&n& dost please 
 Thy genius with two strength 'ning buttresses. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 270. 
 
 ITEM, a hint ; admonition, or re- 
 minder. 
 
 Our neighbours' harms are items to the 
 wise. WJietstone, Life of Gascoiane, st. 13. 
 
 Every infirmity in our brother, which 
 should rather be an item to us of our frailty, 
 serveth as fuel to nourish this vanity. San- 
 derson, iii. 262. 
 
 A secret item was given to some of the 
 bishops by some of their well-wishers to 
 absent themselves in this licentious time of 
 Christmas. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XL iv. 15. 
 
 He that lives in such a place as this is, and 
 that has to do with such as we have, has need 
 of an item to caution him to take heed every 
 moment of the day. Pilgrim's Progress, Ft. 
 II. p. 150. 
 
 By many terrible items did the vengeance 
 of God remind them of it for many suc- 
 ceeding generations. South, Sermons, vi.222. 
 
 My uncle took notice that Sir Charles had 
 said he guessed at the writer of the note. 
 He wished he would give him an item, as 
 he called it, whom he thought of. Richard- 
 son, (Jrandison, vi. 292.
 
 ITENERATE 
 
 ( 349 ) JACK IN THE CELLAR 
 
 ITENERATE, tender (?). 
 
 But to thinke on a red-herring, such a hot 
 stirring meate it is, is enough to make the 
 cravenest dastard proclaime fire and sword 
 against Spaine ; the most itenerate virgine-wax 
 phisnomy that taints his throate with the least 
 ribbe of it, it will embrawne and iron-crust his 
 &esh.-Nashe,L6nten Stuffe (Hurl. Misc., vi. 165) . 
 
 IZZARD, Z. " As crooked as an izzart, 
 deformed in person, perverse in dis- 
 position. An oddity." Robinson's 
 Whitby Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 He ran . . . through the A's and B's and 
 C's, quite down to Izzard. Nares, Thinks I to 
 Myself, ii. 87. 
 
 JABELL. H. says, "A term of con- 
 tempt more usually applied to a woman 
 than a man." It is, however, addressed 
 to the latter in the following. 
 "What, thujabell, canst not have do? 
 Thu and th'i cumpauy shall not depart 
 Tyll of our distavys ye have take part. 
 
 Candlemas Day, 1512 (Hawkins, Eng. 
 Dr., i. 18). 
 
 JACATOO, cockatoo. 
 
 The Physick or Anatomie Schole adorn ? d 
 with some rarities of natural things, but 
 nothing extraordinary save the skin of a 
 jaccall, a rarely colour'd jacatoo, or pro- 
 digious huge parrot. Evelyn, Diary, July 
 11, 1654. 
 
 JACK, explained in a note in loc. to 
 be " a cant word for a Jacobite." 
 "With every wind he sail'd, and well cou'd 
 
 tack, 
 Had many pendents, but abhorr'd a Jack. 
 
 Swift, Elegy on Judge Boat. 
 
 JACK, knave. 
 
 If you were not resolved to play the Jacks, 
 what need you study for new subjects, pur- 
 posely to abuse your betters ? Beaum. and 
 Fl., Knight of Burning Pestle, Induction. 
 
 Going back again, Sir E. Brookes overtook 
 us coming to town ; who played the jacke 
 with us all, and is a fellow that I must trust 
 no more. Pepys, Feb. 23, 1667-68. 
 
 "Well, Mr. Neverout, take it as you please ; 
 but I swear you're a saucy Jack for using 
 such expressions. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. i.). 
 
 " He calls the knaves Jacks, this boy," 
 said Estella with disdain, before our first 
 game was out. Dickens, Great Expectations, 
 ch. viii. 
 
 JACK-ADAMS, a fool. 
 
 All the reward truly of my great services 
 was to be made Lucifer's jester, or fool in 
 ordinary to the devil ; a pretty post, thought 
 I, for a man of my principles, that from a 
 Quaker in the other world. I should be me- 
 tamorphosed into a jack-adams in the lower 
 one. T. Broirn, Works, ii. 220. 
 
 JACKANAPES COAT, dandy coat (?). 
 Cf. JESSIMY. 
 
 This morning my brother Tom brought 
 me my jackanapes coat with silver buttons. 
 Pepys, July 5, 1660. 
 
 JACKASSISM, stupidity. 
 
 Gently, gently, Miss Muse ! mind your Ps 
 and your Qs ; 
 
 Don't be malapert laugh, Miss, but never 
 abuse ! 
 
 Calling names, whether done to attack or to 
 back a schism, 
 
 Is, Miss, believe me, a great piece of jackass- 
 ism. Inyoldsby Lee/ends ( Wedding-Day). 
 
 JACK CAP, a helmet. 
 
 The several Insurance Offices . . have each 
 of them a certain set of men whom they 
 keep in constant pay, and furnish with tools 
 proper for their work, and to whom they give 
 Jack Caps of leather, able to keep them from 
 hurt, if brick or timber, or anything not of 
 too great a bulk, should fall upon them. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 148. 
 
 JACKET, gin (slang). Cf. OLD TOM. 
 The extract is translated in a note, 
 " Well, you parson thief, are you for 
 drinking gin or talking in the pulpit ? " 
 
 Well, you parish bull prig, are you for 
 lushing jackey or pattering in the hum-box ? 
 Lytton, Pelliam, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 JACK-IN-OFFICE, a consequential petty 
 official : used also adjectivally. 
 
 Some folks are Jacks - in - office, fond of 
 power. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 52. 
 
 I hate a Jack-in-office martinet. Ibid. p. 
 181. 
 
 " You're a Jack-in-office, sir." " A what ? " 
 ejaculated he of the boots. " A Jack-in-office, 
 sir, and a very insolent fellow." Sketches ly 
 Boz (Parliamentary Sketch). 
 
 JACK IN THE CELLAR, a child in the 
 womb ; a translation of Hans en Kel- 
 der, q. v. in N. 
 
 "When his companions drank to the Hans 
 en K elder, or Jack in the low cellar, he could 
 not help displaying an extraordinary com- 
 placence of countenance, and signified his 
 intention of sending the young dog to sea. 
 Smollett, Peregrine Pickle, ch. x.
 
 JACK NASTY 
 
 ( 35) 
 
 JAGHIRE 
 
 JACK NASTY, a term of reproach for 
 a sneak or a sloven. 
 
 Tom and his younger brothers, as they grew 
 up, went on playing with the village boys, 
 without the idea of equality or inequality 
 (except in wrestling, running, and climbing) 
 ever entering their heads, as it doesn't till 
 it's put there by Jack Nastys or fine ladies' 
 maids. Hughes, Tom Brown's School-Days, 
 Pt. I. ch. iii. 
 
 JACK OF ALL TRADES, one who can 
 put his hand to anything : often used 
 contemptuously of a smatterer " Jack 
 of all trades, and master of none." Cf. 
 
 JOHN OF ALL TRADES. 
 
 They [Jesuits] are Jacks-of -all-trades, and 
 creep into all sects, partly to conceal them- 
 selves, and partly to foment and stir up 
 division. Misson, Travels in Enq., p. 143. 
 
 He is a bit of a Jack of all trades, or, 
 to use his own words, a regular Robinson 
 Crusoe. Sketches by Boz, ch. ii. 
 
 JACK OF LANTHORN. This name of 
 the ignis fatuus is given to watchmen 
 in the extract, a lanthorn being part of 
 their equipment. 
 
 Who should come by before I could get 
 up again, but the constable going his rounds, 
 who quickly made me centre of a circle of 
 jack of lanthorns. T. Brown, Works, ii. 195. 
 
 JACKONET, usually spelt jaconet. L. 
 says. " [Fr. jaconas] kind of muslin so 
 called, of close texture (in opposition 
 to the book muslins, which are open or 
 clear) ; for example see muslin," where, 
 however, no instance of the word jaco- 
 net is to be found. 
 
 It would be mortifying to the feelings of 
 many ladies could they be made to under- 
 stand how little the heart of man is affected 
 by what is costly or new in their attire ; how 
 little it is biassed by the texture of their 
 muslin, and how unsusceptible of peculiar 
 tenderness towards the spotted, the sprigged, 
 the mull, or the jackonet. Miss Austen, 
 Norihanyer Abbey, ch. x. 
 
 JACK-PUDDINGHOOD, buffoonery. 
 
 Grossatesta, the Modenese minister, a very 
 low fellow, with all the jack-puddinghood of 
 an Italian. Walpole to Mann, ii. 295 (1749). 
 
 JACK-SAUCE, an impudent fellow. H. 
 says, " It occurs in How to choose a 
 good wife, 1634." The first extract is 
 not later than 1582. 
 Heere is a gay world ! boyes now set old men 
 
 to scoole : 
 I sayd wel inough ; what, Jack saicce, think'st 
 
 cham a fool ? 
 
 Edwards, Damon and Pitheas (Dodsley, 
 O. PI., i. 271). 
 
 If I wotted it would have made him such 
 a Jack-sauce as to have more wit than his 
 vora-fathers, he should have learn'd nothing 
 for old Agroicus, but to keep a talley. Ran- 
 dolph, Muses' Lookiny-Glass, iv. 4. 
 
 JACK-SPANIARD, scorpion. 
 
 Then all, sitting on the sandy turf, defiant 
 of galliwasps and jack- Spaniards, and all the 
 weapons of the insect host, partook of the 
 equal banquet. C. Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 JACKSTRAW, a light fellow ; a cox- 
 comb ; also, as an adjective, unregarded 
 or unsubstantial, like an effigy stuffed 
 with straw. Cf. man of straw, s. v. 
 STRAW. 
 
 You are a saucy Jack-straw to question 
 me, faith and troth. Wyclierley, Love in a 
 Wood, i. 2. 
 
 How now, madam ! refuse me ! I com- 
 mand you on your obedieuce to accept of 
 this ; I will not be a jackstraw father. 
 Richardson, Grandison, vii. 63. 
 
 JACKSTRAWS, a game like spillikins. 
 
 One evening Belinda was playiug with 
 little Charles Percival at jacKstravts, . . . 
 " You moved, Miss Portman," cried Charles. 
 " Oh, indeed the king's head stirred the very 
 instant papa spoke. I knew it was impos- 
 sible that you could get that knave clear off 
 without shaking the king. Now, papa, only 
 look how they were balanced." Miss EJye- 
 worth, Belinda, ch. xix. 
 
 JADE as a term of reproach is usually 
 applied to a woman. 
 And thus the villaine would the world per- 
 
 swade 
 To prowde attemptes that may presume 
 
 too high, 
 But earthly joies will make him prove a 
 
 jade, 
 
 When vertue speakes of loue's diuinity. 
 Breton, Pilgrimage to Paradise, p. 10. 
 
 JAGGER, a pedler. The word is in use 
 in Cheshire for one who sells coal in 
 small cartloads. 
 
 I would take the lad for &jaf/(/er, but he 
 has rather ower good haviugs, and he has no 
 pack. Scott, The Pirate, ch. v. 
 
 JAGHIRE. " In the East Indies an 
 assignment of the government share of 
 the produce of a portion of land to an 
 individual, either personal, or for the 
 support of a public establishment, par- 
 ticularly of a military nature " (Imp. 
 Diet.) ; but see second extract. 
 
 I say, madam, I know nothing of books ; 
 and yet, I believe, upon a land carriage 
 fishery, a stamp act or & jay-hire, I can talk 
 my two hours without feeling the want of 
 them. Goldsmith, Good-Natured Man, Act II.
 
 JAIL 
 
 (35' ) 
 
 JAUL 
 
 Thomas. Sir Matthew will settle upon Sir 
 John and his lady, for their joint lives, a 
 jaggktn. 
 
 Sir J. A.jagghire ? 
 
 Thomas. The term is Indian, and means an 
 annual income. Foote, The Nabob, Act I. 
 
 JAIL, to imprison. A writer in N. 
 and Q., IV. xi. 94, says, " I find in a 
 New York paper a very handy word 
 which we have not yet adopted 
 jailed." 
 And sith our Bodyes doe but Jaile our 
 
 Miude, 
 
 While we haue Bodyes, we can ne'er be free. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 81 (1612). 
 
 He that boasteth the strength of his body 
 doth but brag how strong the prison is 
 wherein he is jailed. Adams, i. 227 (1614). 
 
 Eriz. My jailor 
 
 Bedinyfield. One whose bolts, 
 
 That jail you from free life, bar you from 
 death. Tennyson, Q. Mary, iii. 5. 
 
 JAIL, goal. 
 
 There is no method for an arrival to 
 wisdom, and consequently no tract to the 
 jail of happiness, without the instructions 
 and directions of folly. Rennet's Erasmus, 
 Praise of Folly, p. 43. 
 
 JAIL-FEVER. In days when prisons 
 were crowded and ill ventilated, it was 
 very common for a fever to break out 
 among the prisoners, and sometimes 
 prove fatal to those before whom they 
 were brought for trial. 
 "We may be out, with all our skill so clever, 
 And what we think an ague prove jail-fever. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 266. 
 
 JANGLEBY, empty chatter. R. has the 
 word with quotation from Gower. In 
 the subjoined extract it is used adjec- 
 tivally. 
 
 But loa to what purpose do I chat such 
 janylerye trim trams? Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 
 113. 
 
 JAPAN, a black cane. 
 
 Like Mercury, you must always carry a 
 caduceus or conjuring japan in your hand, 
 capped with a civet - box. The Quack's 
 Academy, 1678 (Earl. Misc., ii. 33). 
 
 JAPANNISH, belonging to Japan. In 
 the extract it seems to refer to the 
 gaudy ornamentation on Japanese 
 work. 
 
 In some of the Greek delineations (the 
 Lycian painter, for example) we have already 
 noticed a strange opulence of splendour, 
 characterisable as half-legitimate, half-mere- 
 tricious, a splendour hovering between the 
 raffaelesque and the japannish. Carlyle, 
 Life of Sterling, ch. vi. 
 
 JAR. On the jar = on the turn, a 
 little way open. L., s. v., refers to ajar, 
 and says that jar in this sense is now 
 never found as a separate word, but I 
 think it is not uncommon colloquially. 
 
 The door was on the jar, and, gently 
 opening it, I entered and stood behind her 
 un perceived. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 
 oil. 
 
 " I see Mrs. Bardell's street door on the 
 jar." " On the what? " exclaimed the little 
 judge. " Partly open, my lord," said Sergeant 
 Snubbin. " She said on the jar," said the 
 little judge, with a cunning look. " It's all 
 the same, my lord," said Sergeant Snubbin. 
 Pickwick Papers, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 JARGONIST, one who uses a particular 
 jargon, or repeats by rote cant or 
 favourite phrases. 
 
 "And pray of what sect," said Camilla, 
 " is this gentleman ? " " Of the sect of 
 jargonists," answered Mr. Gosport ; " he has 
 not an ambition beyond paying a passing 
 compliment, nor a word to make use of that 
 he has not picked up at public places." 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 Nothing hi the language of the jargonists 
 at whom Mr. Gosport laughed, nothing in 
 the language of Sir Sedley Clarendel, ap- 
 proaches this new Euphuism. Macaulay, 
 Essays (Mad. D'Arllay). 
 
 JARL, to snarl ; quarrel. The extract 
 is addressed to a dog : Lelaps is another 
 dog. Cf. JAUL. 
 
 What if Lelaps a better morsel find 
 Than you earst knew? Kather take part 
 
 with him 
 
 ^. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 224. 
 
 JARRY, jarring ; reverberating. 
 Theese flaws theyre cabbans wyth stur 
 ye doe ransack. Stanyhurst, ./En., i. 
 
 63. 
 
 JARVIE, hackney coach-man. L. has 
 the word as signifying both the carriage 
 and its driver, but the extract from 
 Theodore Hook only illustrates the 
 former meaning. 
 
 The Glass-coachman waits, and in what 
 mood ! A brother jarvie drives up, enters 
 into conversation ; is answered cheerfully in 
 jarvie dialect ; the brothers of the whip 
 exchange a pinch of snuff, decline drinking. 
 together, and part with good night. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. iii. 
 
 JAUL, to grumble. Cf . JARL. 
 
 Well, I'll not stay with her : stay, quotha ? 
 To be yauld smdjauFd at, and tumbled and 
 thumbled, and tost and turn'd, as I am by an 
 old hag. Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., 
 iii. 317).
 
 JAUM 
 
 ( 352 ) 
 
 JEMMY 
 
 Her father o' th' other side, he yoles at her 
 &udjoles at her, and she leads such a life for 
 you, it passes. Ibid. (II. iii. 342). 
 
 JAUM, jamb or side-post. 
 
 The jaumes of the lights being all of well 
 wrought free stone. Survey of Maner of 
 Wimbledon, 1649 (Arch., x. 403). 
 
 JAUNTY, brisk ; smart. The earliest 
 example of this word in the Diets, is 
 from a work published in 1662, quoted 
 by L., and it occurs in the Tatler, 
 Spectator, and Guardian. The annexed 
 quotations, however, will show that it 
 was scarcely naturalized then, and still 
 often wore its foreign dress. Smart, 
 ^uoted by R, writes it as an English 
 word, but spells it jauntee; so does 
 Fielding. 
 
 Turn you about upon your heel with a 
 jante air, hum out the end of an old song ; 
 cut a cross caper, and at her again. Farquhar, 
 Tlie Inconstant, Act I. 
 
 Your vivacity and jantee mien assured me 
 at first sight that there was nothing of this 
 foggy island in your composition. Centlivre, 
 Bold Stroke for a Wife, ii. 1. 
 
 My jauntee sergeant was very early here 
 this morning. Fielding, Amelia, Bk. V. 
 ch. vii. 
 
 JAVELIN, to pierce as with a javelin. 
 Scarce had she ceased, when out of heaven a 
 
 bolt 
 (For now the storm was close above them) 
 
 struck, 
 
 Furrowing a giant oak, Ka&javelining 
 With darted spikes and splinters of the 
 
 wood 
 The dark earth round. 
 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 JAVIL. See extract. 
 
 Then must the foresaid jauils or stalkes 
 bee hung out a second time to be dried in 
 the sun. Holland, Pliny, xix. i. 
 
 JAW, to talk a good deal, especially 
 in scolding ; also a substantive. 
 
 He swore woundily at the lieutenant, and 
 called him lousy Scotch sou of a whore, . . . 
 and swab, and lubbard, whereby the lieu- 
 tenant returned the salute, and they jawed 
 together fore and aft a good spell. Smollett, 
 Rod. Random, ch. xxiv. 
 
 If you don't stop your jaw about him, 
 you'll have to fight me. H. Kingsley, 
 Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xxvi. 
 
 JAW-FALLEN, depressed, chop-fallen ; 
 in second extract, astonished ; open- 
 mouthed. 
 
 He may be compared to one so jaw-fallen 
 with over -long fasting that he cannot eat 
 meat when brought unto him. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Essex (i. 345). 
 
 The people who came about us, as we 
 alighted, seemed by their jair-f alien faces 
 and goggling eyes to wonder at beholding a 
 charming young lady. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, iii. 54. 
 
 JAWHOLE. See quotation. In Robin- 
 son's Whitby Glossary (E. D. S.) the 
 word is given as meaning "a fissure 
 or opening in the land, as the mouth 
 of a stream. The arched entrance to 
 a cavern." 
 
 Before the door of Saunders Jatip . . . 
 yawned that odoriferous gulf, ycleped in 
 Scottish phrase thejairhole; in other words, 
 an uncovered common sewer. Scott, St. 
 Ronarfs Well, ii. 141. 
 
 JAWLESS, without a jaw. 
 
 Thejawless bum by signs begged his par- 
 don, for speak he could not. Urquharfs 
 Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xv. 
 
 JAZERENT, a short coat of mail with- 
 out sleeves. See H. s. v. jesseraunt. 
 Ajazerent of double mail he wore. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. VII. 
 
 JEALOUS, to suspect : still used in 
 Scotland. 
 
 This unwonted coldness in youth is the 
 more to be jealoused that, previous to the 
 marriage, the man did express an eager 
 impatience to enjoy his yonng bride. The 
 Great Bastard, kc., 1689 (Harl. Misc., iv. 
 235). 
 
 JEHUP, to urge horses on, from the 
 sound made by drivers. . 
 
 May I lose my Otho, or be tumbled from 
 my phaeton the first time I jehup my sor- 
 rels, if I have not made more haste than a 
 young surgeon in his first labour. Foote, 
 Taste, Act II. 
 
 JELTRON, some piece of armour. 
 No armure so stronge in no dystresse, 
 Habergyon, helme, ne yet no Jeltron. 
 
 Hycke-Scorner (Hawkins, Ewj. Dr., i. 78). 
 
 JEMBLES, hinges. 
 
 For a pare of JeiMes for the stoole dore 
 x d - Leverton Chwardens Accts., 1588 (Arch., 
 xli. 366). 
 
 JEMMY, as an adjective = neat ; smart. 
 See L., who adds that the word is used 
 substantially, but gives no example. 
 In the extract it signifies a particular 
 sort of boot of a dandy description. 
 Smollett (//. Clinker, i. 148) speaks of 
 ' new jemmy boots." 
 
 Ituck. Haric'ee, Mr. Subtle, I'll out of my 
 tramels when I hunt with the king. 
 
 Subtle. Well, well.
 
 JEMMY 
 
 ( 353 ) 
 
 JEWS TIN 
 
 Buck. I'll on with my jemmys : none of 
 your black bags and jack-boots for me. 
 
 Foote, Englishman in Paris, Act I. 
 
 JEMMY, a sheep's head, said to be 
 so called because James V. break- 
 fasted on one before the battle of 
 Flodden ; also a crowbar (slang). 
 
 She presently returned with a pot of porter 
 and a dish of sheep's heads, which gave 
 occasion to several pleasant witticisms on the 
 part of Mr. Sikes, founded upon the singular 
 coincidence of "jemmies " being a cant name 
 common to them, and also to an ingenious 
 implement much used in his profession. 
 Dickens, Oliver Ticist, ch. xx. 
 They call for crow-bars jemmies is the 
 
 modern name they bear 
 They burst through lock, and bolt, and bar 
 
 but what a sight is there ! 
 
 Ingoldsby Let/ends (Nell Cook). 
 
 JEMMY, potato (?). This name is given 
 in slang to many articles : a great-coat, 
 a crowbar, a sheep's head. 
 
 The man in the shop perhaps is in the 
 b&ked jemmy line, or the firewood and hearth- 
 stone line, or any other line which requires a 
 floating capital of eighteen pence. Sketches 
 by Boz (Seven Dials). 
 
 JENTMAN, gentleman. 
 Bawawe what ye say (ko I) of such &jentman. 
 Nay, I f eare him not (ko she), % doe the best 
 
 he can. 
 Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (see also iii. 5). 
 
 JERICHO. From Jericho to June = 
 a great distance. 
 
 His kick was tremendous, and when he 
 had his boots on would to use an expres- 
 sion of his own, which he had picked up 
 in the holy wars would send a man from 
 Jericho to June. Ingoldsby Legends (Grey 
 Dolphin). 
 
 JERSSE is mentioned by Davies in 
 Humour's Heauen on Earth, p. 45, and 
 defined in a note to be 
 
 A beast neuer but feeding, and when he 
 hath eaten as much as his panch can hold, 
 goes to a forked tree, and there straines out 
 his foode vndigested betweane the twist of 
 the tree, and so againe presently falles to 
 feede, and being full, agaiue to the tree, and 
 so eftsoones to feede. 
 
 JERT, stretch; throw out, as a 
 cobbler does his elbows in pulling his 
 threads. 
 
 Such an other tower as one of our Irish 
 castles, that is not so wide as a belfre, and 
 a cobler can not jert out his elbowes in. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl.Misc., vi. 167).; 
 
 JERUSALEM LETTERS. There are per- 
 sons at Jerusalem who tattoo on the 
 
 arm of visitors, if they wish it, the 
 sign of the cross, with the name of the 
 city and the date of their visit. 
 
 " If heaven should ever bless me with more 
 children," said Mr. Fielding, " I have de- 
 termined to fix some indelible mark upon 
 them, such as that of the Jerusalem letters." 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 258. 
 
 JESS. See quotation. The metaphor 
 is taken from the jess or strap by which 
 the hawk was fastened to the hand. 
 
 A motion to a confession of our filthiness, 
 and the corrupt affections that dwell in us. 
 The first resting-place or jess in this pro- 
 gress. Norden's Progress of Piety, p. 47. 
 
 JESSIMY. dandy; delicate (?). Cf. JACK- 
 ANAPES COAT. 
 
 I did this day call at the New Exchange, 
 and bought her a pair of green silk stock- 
 ings, and garters, and shoe-strings, and two 
 pair of jessimy gloves, all coming to about 
 28s. Pepys, Feb. 15, 1668-9. 
 
 JESTEE, a butt. 
 
 The mortgager and mortgagee differ the 
 one from the other not more in length of 
 purse than the jester and jestee do in that of 
 memory. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 55. 
 
 JESUITOCRACY, rule of Jesuits. 
 
 If the state of Rome don't show his idea 
 of man and society to be a rotten lie, what 
 proof would you have? perhaps the charm- 
 ing results of a century of Jesuitocracy , as 
 they were represented on the French stage 
 in the year 1793? C. Kinysley, Yeast, ch. v. 
 
 JESUITRY, subtle argument ; special 
 pleading. 
 
 The poor Girondins, many of them, under 
 such fierce bellowing of Patriotism, say 
 Death ; justifying, motivant, that most miser- 
 able word of theirs by some brief casuistry 
 and Jesuitry. Vergniaud himself says Death ; 
 justifying by Jesuitry. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 III. Bk. II. ch. vii. 
 
 JETSTONE, jet. The allusions to jet 
 attracting straws, '&e. are frequent in 
 old writers. 
 
 It giues "Wits edge, and drawes them too 
 like jetstone. Davies, Commendatory Poems, 
 p. 13. 
 
 JEWELLY, jewel-like ; sparkling. 
 
 The jewelly star of life had descended too 
 far down the arch towards setting for any 
 chance of reascending by spontaneous effort. 
 De Quincey, Spanish Nun, sect. 19. 
 
 JEWS TIN. See extract, which is from 
 a letter to Prof. Max Miiller. 
 
 What you say about metamorphic language 
 is most true (even in my little experience). 
 You do not mention 'Jews tin.'' This is 
 A A
 
 JIB 
 
 ( 354 ) JOCKEV-CART 
 
 lumps of smelted tin (if I recollect right) 
 with a coating of hydrated oxide of tin, which 
 is caused by lying in water and bog. Jews 
 tin is found inside Jews' houses, or in the 
 diluvium of old stream works. May this 
 not be merely, according to your etymology, 
 ' house tin,' the tin found in the houses ? 
 C. Kingsley, 1866 (Life, ii. 106). 
 
 JIB. The cut of a mans jib = his 
 outward appearance, the metaphor being 
 taken from the jib-sail of a ship. 
 
 If she disliked what sailors call the cut of 
 their jib, . . . none so likely as they to give 
 them what in her country is called a sloau. 
 Scott, St. Ronan's Well, i. 22. 
 
 Not know an Avenel ! "We've all the same 
 cut of the jib, have not we, father ? Lytton, 
 My Novel', Bk. IV. ch. xxiii. 
 
 JIGGERED, an imprecation. The ex- 
 pression arose from the suffering caused 
 by the chigoe insect in the West Indies, 
 which burrows in the feet of the bare- 
 footed negroes. See JIGGERS. 
 
 " "Well, then," said he, " I'm jiggered if I 
 don't see you home." This penalty of being 
 jiggered was a favourite supposititious case 
 of his. He attached no definite meaning to 
 the word that I am aware of, but used it, 
 like his own pretended Christian name, to 
 affront mankind, and convey an idea of 
 something savagely damaging. When I was 
 younger I had had a general belief that if 
 he had jiygered me personally, he would 
 have done it with a sharp and twisted hook. 
 Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. xvii. 
 
 JIGGERS, the chigoes. See JIGGERED. 
 
 Numbers are crippled bythejigtfers, which 
 scarcely ever in our colonies affect any but 
 the negroes. Southey, Letters, 1810 (ii. 201). 
 
 JILLET, a contemptuous term for a 
 flighty girl : more familiar to us in the 
 contracted form jilt. 
 
 Were it not well to receive that coy jillet 
 with something of a mumming? Scott, Fair 
 Maid of Perth, ii. 264. 
 
 JIM, neat. See GIM. 
 Though Surry boasts its Oatlands, 
 
 And Claremout kept so Jim ; 
 And though they talk of Southcote's, 
 'Tis but a dainty whim. 
 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 422 (1755). 
 
 JIMP. H. says "slender." It seems 
 rather in the extract to mean the same 
 as JIM, q. v. 
 
 The kidnapping crimp took the foolish young 
 
 imp 
 
 On board of his cutter so trim and so jimp. 
 Ingoldshy Legends (Account of a 
 New Flay). 
 
 JOB. For a jocose etymology of this 
 word by Southey see quotation s. v. 
 
 DlSNATURALISE. 
 
 JOB. To job a carriage or horses = 
 to have them on hire, not as one's own ; 
 the word is also used adjectivally. 
 Whitbread, d'ye keep a coach, or job one, 
 
 pray? 
 Job, job, that's cheapest; yes, that's best, 
 
 that's best. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 21. 
 
 He made nothing by letting him have jo b 
 horses for 150 a year. Miss Edyeworth, 
 The Lottery, ch. i. 
 
 JOB'S COMFORTERS, people who, like 
 Job's friends, aggravate the sorrow 
 they pretend to console, or who say 
 disagreeable things. 
 
 Lady Sin. Indeed, Lady Answerall, pray 
 forgive me, I think your ladyship looks a 
 little thinner than when I saw you last. 
 
 Miss. Indeed, Madam, I think not; but 
 your ladyship is one of Job's comforters. 
 
 Sicift, Polite Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 
 JOB'S-NEWS, bad news, such as Job's 
 servants brought to him. 
 
 Poverty escorts him ; from home there can 
 nothing come except Job's - news. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 JOB'S-POST, a messenger of evil tid- 
 ings. Cf JOB'S-NEWS. 
 
 It was Friday the eighth of March when 
 this Job's-post from Dumouriez, thickly pre- 
 ceded and escorted by so many other Job's- 
 posts, reached the National Convention. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 JOCKEY, a contemptuous term for a 
 Scotchman, taken from their calling 
 Jack Jock. 
 
 What could Lesly have done then with 
 a few untrain'd, unarmed Jockeys if we had 
 been true among ourselves ? Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 142. 
 
 England deserv'd worse, and heard worse 
 than these Jocky - pedlars that chaffer 'd 
 away their king, and our countrymen are 
 received abroad in some places to this day as 
 the off-scouring of Europe. Ibid., ii. 223. 
 
 But now the Covenant's gone to wrack, 
 
 They say it looks like an old almanack ; 
 For Jackie is grown out of date 
 And Jenny is thrown out of late. 
 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 94. 
 
 JOCKEY-CART. 
 
 It was many years since the bones of Mr. 
 Parsons had been exposed to any conveyance 
 more rough and rude than Sir Matthew's 
 jockey - cart, which was constructed with 
 excellent and efficient springs. Mrs. Trol- 
 lope, Michael Armstrong, ch. xvii.
 
 JOCKEYISM 
 
 ( 355 ) JO1NTURELESS 
 
 JOCKEYISM, race-riding; horsiness. 
 
 He was employed in smoking a cigar, 
 sipping brandy and water, aud exercising his 
 conversational talents in a mixture of slang 
 '&udjockeyism. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixi. 
 
 JOCOLATTE, chocolate. 
 
 To a coffee house to drink Jocolatte, very 
 good. Pepys, Nov. 24, 1664. 
 
 They dranke a little milk and water, but 
 not a drop of wine ; they also dranke of a 
 sorbet &ndjacolatt. Evelyn, Diary, Jan. 24, 
 1682. 
 
 On Kursmas day at mworn they gav us 
 sum reed stuff to t' breakfast, I think it 
 maun ha' been Jocklat, but we dud not like 
 't at a', 't ommost puzzened us. Southey, The 
 Doctor, Iiiterchapter xxiv. 
 
 JOE, an old joke, such as is found 
 in the collection that goes under the 
 name of Joe Miller ; also, a fourpenny- 
 bit, a name derived from Mr. Joseph 
 Hume, who urged the issue of such 
 coin ; the coin, however, referred to in 
 the extracts was, as Wolcot explains in 
 a note, " a Portugal coin vulgarly 
 called a Johannes." Of. DOUBLE-JOE. 
 
 Of what use a story may be even in the 
 most serious debates may be seen from the 
 circulation of old Joes in Parliament, which 
 are as current there as their sterling name- 
 sakes used to be in the city some threescore 
 years ago. Southey, The Doctor, ch. xvi. 
 Be sure to make him glow 
 Precisely like a guinea or &jo. 
 
 P. Pindar, p. 132. 
 
 JOGGLE. See extract. 
 
 The excrescences in the sides of the stones 
 by which they are locked into each other, 
 aud which in masons' language would be 
 called AJoyyle. Arch., xxvii. 384 (1838). 
 
 JOHN-A-DUGK'S MARE. See quotation. 
 
 I am like John-a-Duck's mare, that will let 
 no man mount her but John-a-Duck. Scott, 
 Ivanhoe, ii.40. 
 
 JOHN BULLISM, English character. 
 Irving also uses Bullism by itself. 
 
 Little Britain may truly be called the 
 heart's core of the city ; the stronghold of 
 John BuHism. I rainy, Sketch Book (Little 
 Britain). 
 
 Unluckily, they sometimes make their 
 boasted Bullism an apology for their preju- 
 dice or grossiiess. Ibid. (John Bull). 
 
 JOHN CHEESE, a clown : this at least 
 I suppose to be the meaning. Ascham, 
 in the " little rude verse" made " long 
 ago," i. e. long before the Schoolmaster 
 was written, says that a man who could 
 not laugh, lie, &c. would never get on 
 at Court. 
 
 To laugh, to lie, to flatter, to face, 
 Four ways in Court to win men grace. 
 If thou be thrall to none of these, 
 Away good Peekgoose, hence John Cheese. 
 Schoolmaster, p. 48. 
 
 JOHN OP ALL TRADES, a smatterer : 
 used contemptuously. Cf . JACK OF ALL 
 
 TRADES. 
 
 "Why, you mungrel, 
 You John of all trades, have we been your 
 
 guests 
 Since you first kept a tavern ? 
 
 Maine, City Match, ii. 5. 
 
 JOHN TROT, a name for a clown ; 
 and so ordinary, commonplace. 
 
 Our travelling gentry either return from 
 the tour of Europe as mere English boors as 
 they went John Trot still or come home 
 at best mere French petit maitres. Colman, 
 Musical Lady, ii. 1. 
 
 The merest John Trot in a week you shall zee 
 Bien poli, Menfrize, tout a fait un Marquis. 
 
 Foote, Englishman in Paris, Epilogue. 
 As to his person and appearance, they are 
 much in the John-Trot style. Mad.D'Arblay, 
 Diary, i. 203 (1779). 
 
 What other powers of Pat's invention 
 It might have been our lot to mention, 
 If nought had stopp'd his tongue's career, 
 Or clos'd poor Lucy's curious ear, 
 This John-Trot verse does not profess 
 To tell, or e'en presume to guess. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iii. 
 
 JOIN, to enjoin. 
 
 And they join them penance, as they call 
 it, to fast, to go pilgrimages, and give so 
 much to make satisfaction withal. Tyndale, 
 i. 281. 
 
 JOINTLESS, stiff ; rigid. 
 
 " Let me die here," were her words, re- 
 maining jointless aud immovable. Richard- 
 son, C'l. Harlowe, vi. 38. 
 
 JOINT-SICK, suffering from pain in 
 the joints. 
 
 How from this joynt-sick Age to bite the 
 gowt. Dames, Wittes Pilyrimaye, p. 41. 
 
 JOINTURELESS, without jointure ; ap- 
 plied to a wife who had nothing settled 
 on her by her husband as provision after 
 his decease. 
 
 Three daughters in my well-built court un- 
 married are and fair : 
 Laodice, Chrysothemis that hath the golden 
 
 hair, 
 And Iphianassa; of all three the worthiest 
 
 let him take 
 All jointureless to Peleus' court ; I will her 
 
 jointure make, 
 
 And that so great as never yet did any maid 
 prefer. Chapman, Iliad, ix. 150. 
 A A 2
 
 JOKESMITH 
 
 356J 
 
 JUBILATE 
 
 JOKESMITH, a manufacturer of jokes. 
 
 I feared to give occasion to the jests of 
 newspaper jokesmiths. Southey, Letters, 1813 
 (ii. 336). 
 
 Myjokesmith Sidney, and all his kidney. 
 
 Ibid., Devil's Walk. 
 
 JOLLITRY, jollity. 
 
 No doubt it's an honourable employment 
 for a master to play the mimick and scara- 
 mouch before his men, . . . and to strain 
 jollitry not into annual (for once a year a 
 wise man may have leave to be mad), but 
 into a daily madness. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 537. 
 
 Most of those quarrels that end in blood 
 begin in wine ; jollitry drunk too high de- 
 generates into fury. ibid., p. 538. 
 
 JOMMETRY, geometry. In the quota- 
 tion it implies awkwardness, angularity. 
 See GEOMETRY. 
 
 Miss. Lord ! my pettycoat, how it hangs 
 bjjommetry. 
 
 Nev. Perhaps the fault may be in your 
 shape. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. L). 
 
 JORUM, a tumbler or other vessel full 
 of liquor. 
 
 The host smiled, disappeared, and shortly 
 afterwards returned with a steaming jorum, 
 of which the first gulp brought water into 
 Mr. Bumble's eyes. Dickens, Oliver Twist, 
 ch. xxsvii. 
 
 Joss, a Chinese idol. 
 Who dotes on pagods, and gives up vile man 
 For niddle-noddle figures from Japan ; 
 Critick in jars and josses, shews her birth 
 Drawn, like the brittle ware itself, from earth. 
 
 Colman, Jealous Wife, Epilogue. 
 Down with dukes, earls, and lords, those 
 
 pagan Josses, 
 False Gods ! Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 285. 
 
 JOT, to bump. 
 
 And then lay overthrown 
 Numbers beneath their axle-trees ; who, 
 
 lying in flight's stream, 
 
 Made th' after chariots jot and jump in 
 driving over them. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvi. 360. 
 
 JOURING. N. gives this word = 
 swearing ; and H. says jourings in 
 Devonshire dialect = scoldings ; in ex- 
 tract it has a third meaning : the place 
 referred to is Somersetshire. 
 
 As this way of boorish speech is in Ireland 
 called The Brogue upon the Tongue, so here 
 it is named Jouring. It is not possible to 
 explain this fully by writing, because the 
 difference is not so much in the orthography 
 as in the tone and accent ; their abridging 
 the speech, Cham for I am, Chill for I will, 
 Don for do on or put on, and Doff for do off 
 or put off, and the like. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Britain, \. 360. 
 
 JOVIALISE, to cheer ; make jovial. 
 
 The bishop did the honours with a spirit, 
 a gaiety, and an activity th&tjovialised us all, 
 and really we were prodigiously lively. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 364. 
 
 JOVIALIST, festive: the Diets, only 
 give the word as a substantive. 
 There shall thy Jouialist Mechanicalls 
 Attend this table all in scarlet cappes. 
 Davies, Commendatory Poems, p. 5. 
 
 JOWDER. See quotation. 
 
 Mr. Penruddock gave a spiteful hit, being, 
 as he said, of a cantankerous turn, to Mr. 
 Treluddra, principal joicder,i. e. fish-salesman 
 of Aberalva. Kinydey, Two Years Ayo, ch. 
 xiv. 
 
 JOWSER. See extract. The proposed 
 derivation of chouse is incorrect. 
 
 There are in England a class of men who 
 practise the Pagan rhabdomancy in a limited 
 sense. They carry a rod or rbabdos (pdflSof) 
 of willow : this they hold horizontally ; and 
 by the bending of the rod towards the ground 
 they discover the favourable places for sink- 
 ing wells ; a matter of considerable import- 
 ance in a province so ill-watered as the north- 
 ern district of Somersetshire. These people 
 are locally called jowsers; and it is probable 
 that from the suspicion with which their art 
 has been usually regarded amongst people of 
 education, as the mere legerdemain trick of 
 the professional Dousterswivel (see the An- 
 tiquary), is derived the slang word to chouse 
 for swindle. De Quincey, Modern Supersti- 
 tion. 
 
 JOYNED-PATENT, associated as a part- 
 ner. 
 
 [A king purposing to take a second wife in 
 the life-time of the first was] so incredibly 
 blinded, . . . that he could think such a queen 
 would be content to be joyned-patent with 
 another to have such a husband. Sidney, 
 Arcadia, p. 207. 
 
 JUBALTER, Gibraltar. 
 
 Even from Persepolis to Mexico, 
 
 And thence unto the straits of Jubalter. 
 
 Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3. 
 "We kept the narrow strait of Jubalter, 
 And made Canaria call us kings and lords. 
 
 Ibid., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 3. 
 
 JUBILATE, to rejoice. 
 
 The States-General ... is there as a thing 
 high and lifted up. Hope jubilating cries 
 aloud that it will prove a miraculous Brazen 
 Serpent in the wilderness. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. I. Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 The hurrahs were yet ascending from our 
 jubilatiny lips. De Quincey, A utob. Sketches, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 JUBILATE, joy, or perhaps it is an
 
 JUDAIZATION ( 357 ) JURAMENTALLY 
 
 expression of rejoicing, from tlie first 
 word of Psalm c. in Latin. 
 
 They were all in the highest triumph, and 
 would speedily be with us in a joint jubilate 
 on the banks of the Avon. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, ii. 244. 
 
 JUDAIZATION, conversion into a Jew. 
 Under the graver's hand Sir Smug became 
 Sir Smouch, a son of Abraham. . . . 
 
 Poor Smouch endured a worse judaization 
 Under another hand. 
 
 Southey, To A. Cunningham. 
 
 JUDASLY, Judas-like : also an adverb. 
 
 Jonas . . . hyred a shyppe to thentent he 
 myght Judasly flee from the face of our 
 lorde God. Bp. Fisher, p. 203. 
 
 Shall any of them prove a devil, as Christ 
 said of Judas ? or ever, as these with us of 
 late, have to do with any devilish or Judasly 
 fact? Andrewes, i. 15. 
 
 It must needs be barbarously covetous and 
 Judasly sacriligious. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 519. 
 
 JUG, a term of contempt applied to 
 women. 
 
 (Meretrix.) Doost thou think I am a six- 
 penny jug? Preston, King Cambises (Haw- 
 kins, Eng. Dr., i. 266). 
 
 Hark ye, don't you marry that ill-man- 
 ner'd Jug, the relict of a cheating old rogue 
 that has not left a foot of estate but what he 
 deserved to be hang'd for. Centlivre, Pla- 
 tonic Lady, Act III. 
 
 JUGULATE, to kill. 
 
 Let three years pass, and this clamorous 
 Parlement shall have both seen its enemy 
 hurled prostrate, and been itself ridden to 
 foundering (say rather, jugulated for hide 
 and shoes), and lie dead in a ditch. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. III. ch. vii. 
 
 JUKE, roost. The second extract is 
 given in Britten's Old Country and 
 Farming Words (E. D. S.). The first 
 edition of Worlidge was in 1669. 
 
 The beasts of the field take rest after their 
 feed, and the birds of the ayre are &ijuke in 
 the bushes. Breton, Fantastickes (Twelue of 
 the Clocke). 
 
 Imitating their [pheasants'] notes at their 
 juking-time, which is usually in the morning 
 and in the evening. Worlidye, Sy sterna Agri- 
 culture (3rd ed., 1681), p. 252. 
 
 JUMBLE, to make shift ; to manage, 
 though perhaps awkwardly. 
 
 I have forgotten my logic, but yet I can 
 jumble at a syllogism, and make an argument 
 of it to prove it by. Latimer, i. 247. 
 
 JUMPERS, a sect that arose in Wales 
 about the middle of the last century : 
 
 jumping and leaping under spiritual 
 excitement form part of their worship. 
 Jenny [was] a Welshwoman ; her rude 
 forefathers were goat -herds on week-days, 
 and Jumpers on Sundays. Savage, R. Med- 
 licott, Bk. III. ch. xii. 
 
 JUNGLE usually = a thickly-wooded 
 swamp, but a note to the extract ex- 
 plains it as " a kind of small bamboo." 
 
 The wild boar and royal tiger .... are 
 found here in great plenty, the woods and 
 thick junyles affording excellent shelter for 
 beasts of prey. Archaol., viii. 252 (1787). 
 
 JUNIPER, bitter: but see third ex- 
 tract, which is given in Old Country 
 and Farming Words (E. D. S.). 
 
 Bishop Grouthead, offended thereat, wrote 
 Pope Innocent the fourth . . & juniper letter, 
 taxing him with extortion and other vitious 
 practices. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. iv. 29. 
 
 She will read me a juniper lecture (haud 
 suave encomium) for coming home in such a 
 pickle. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 39. 
 
 When women chide their husbands for a 
 long while together, it is commonly said, 
 they give them a juniper lecture ; which, I 
 am informed, is a comparison taken from 
 the long lasting of the live coals of that 
 wood, not from its sweet smell ; but com- 
 parisons run not upon all four. Ellis, 
 Modern Husbandman, VII. ii. 142 (1750). 
 
 JUNKERY, sweetmeats. 
 Marchpaines or wafers, with other like 
 junkerie. UdaPs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 116. 
 
 JUNKETTACEOUS, fond of gaiety or 
 junketting. 
 
 Now you have a whole summer to your- 
 self, and you are as junkettaceous as my Lady 
 Northumberland. Pray, what horse-race do 
 you go to next? Walpole, Letters, ii. 156 
 (1760). 
 
 JUNONICAL, pertaining to Juno. 
 Yeet do I stil feare me theese fayre Junonical 
 
 harbours. 
 In straw thear lurcketh soom pad. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., i. 656. 
 
 JUNQUETRIES, sweetmeats. 
 
 You would prefer him before tart and 
 galingale, which Chaucer preheminentest 
 eucomionizeth above all junquetries or con- 
 fectionaries whatsoever. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 158). 
 
 JURAMENTALLY, with an oath. 
 
 The emperor . . heartily intreated him to 
 make choice of any whatsoever thing in 
 Eome was most agreeable to his fancy, with 
 a promise, juramentally confirmed, that he 
 should not be refused of his demand. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xix.
 
 JURANT 
 
 ( 353 ) 
 
 KANGAROO 
 
 JURANT, swearing ; also one who 
 takes an oath. 
 
 Not that such universally prevalent, uni- 
 versally jurant feeling of hope could be a 
 unanimous one. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. 
 Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 Jurant and Dissident with their shaven 
 crowns argue frothing everywhere. Ibid., 
 Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 JUROR, a swearer ; one who has taken 
 an oath. Bp. Ken uses the term in 
 contradistinction to nonjuror. 
 
 I am & juror in the holy league, 
 
 And therefore hated of the Protestants. 
 
 Marlowe, Massacre at Paris, ii. 6. 
 
 All the people that were there swore every 
 man by the Sancts of his parish ; the Paris- 
 ians, which are patched up of all nations, and 
 all pieces of countries, are by nature both 
 good jurors and good jurists, and somewhat 
 overweening. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. 
 xvii. 
 
 Frampton had "never interrupted com- 
 munion with the jurors" and would concur 
 in anything which tended to peace. Life of 
 Ken by a Layman, p. 691. 
 
 JUST (Fr. joute\ a game or tourna- 
 ment ; joutes sur Veau. 
 
 Round it are courts of treillage that serve 
 for nothing, and behind it a canal, very like 
 a horse-pond, on which there are fireworks 
 and justs. Walpole, Letters, iii. 375 (1771). 
 
 JUSTICIARY, legal. 
 
 The heart of the Jews is empty of faith ; 
 swept with the besom of hypocrisy, a justi- 
 ciary, imaginary, false-conceited righteous- 
 ness.- Adams, ii. 37. 
 
 JUSTITIAR, judge. 
 
 Of the Lord Keeper North no single word 
 slips from his pen, . . . and, considering the 
 value of this great justitiar, ... is not so 
 notorious partiality in such a pompous writer 
 of history wonderful ? North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 2. 
 
 All which were amply conceded to him, 
 even by his adversaries ; which they ex- 
 pressed by owning him an excellent justiciar, 
 and that includes all the rest. Ibid., ii. 62. 
 
 JUSTMENT, that which is due (?). 
 That for seven lusters I did never come 
 To doe the rites to thy religious tombe ; 
 That neither haire was cut or true teares 
 
 shed 
 
 By me o'er fhee&sjustments to the dead, 
 Forgive, forgive me. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 25. 
 
 JUT, a shove ; kick ; also a projec- 
 tion. 
 
 Mery. I will not see him, but giue him a 
 
 jutte indeed. 
 I cry your mastershyp mercie. 
 
 Roist. And whither now ? 
 
 As fast as I could runne, sir, in poste against 
 
 you. Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 
 The fiend, with a jut of his foot, may keep 
 off the old, from dread of the future. Mad. 
 jyArblay, Cecilia, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 The fowlers spread 
 Their gear on the rocks' barejwts. 
 
 Browning, By the Fireside. 
 
 JUVENILE, a young person. 
 
 " Yes, yes, yes," cried the juveniles, both 
 ladies and gentlemen ; " let her come, it will 
 be excellent sport." Miss Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xviii. 
 
 K 
 
 KA, quoth. Cf. Ko. 
 Enamoured, quod you ? have ye spied out 
 
 that? 
 Ah, sir, mary nowe, I see you know what is 
 
 what. 
 
 Enamoured, ka ? mary, sir, say that againe. 
 Udal, Roister Doister, I. ii. 
 
 JIuan. Her coral lips, her crimson chin, 
 Her silver teeth so white within. 
 
 Zan. By Gogs-bones thou art a flouting 
 
 knave: 
 
 " Her coral lips, her crimson chin ! " Ka, 
 wilshaw. Peele, Old Wives Tale, p. 455. 
 
 KADES, sheep's dung. H. gives it as 
 a Lincolnshire word. 
 
 I rather think the kades and other filth 
 that fall from sheep do so glut the fish that 
 
 they will not take any artificial bait. Lair- 
 son, Comments on Secrets of Any liny, 1653 
 (Eng. Garner, i. 197). 
 
 KALOTYPOGRAPHY, beautiful printing. 
 English words derived from raXoc 
 usually begin with c; kaleidoscope is 
 perhaps the only ordinary exception. 
 Since Southey used this word, Mr. Fox 
 Talbot has invented a photographic pro- 
 cess which he called the calotype, thus 
 adopting the commoner spelling. 
 
 Perfect therefore it shall be, as far as 
 kalotypoyraphy can make it. Southey, The 
 Doctor, eh. ii. A. 1. 
 
 KANGAROO, the name of a species of 
 chair which seems to have been fashion- 
 able in 1834, the date of the extract.
 
 KAROS 
 
 ( 359 ) 
 
 KEEP-OFF 
 
 It was neither a lounger, nor a dormouse, 
 nor a Cooper, nor a Nelson, nor a kangaroo : 
 a chair without a name would never do ; in 
 all things fashionable the name is more than 
 half. Such a happy name as kangaroo, Lady 
 Cecilia despaired of finding. Miss Edge- 
 worth, Helen, ch. xvi. 
 
 KAROS, headache ; drowsiness. 
 The Karos, th' Apoplexie, and Lethargic, 
 As forlorn hope assault the enemy 
 On the same side. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 356. 
 
 KARRAWAN, caravan. 
 
 The sentiment might easily have come . . 
 to Tor or Sues, towns at the bottom of the 
 gulf, and from thence by karrawans to Cop- 
 tos. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iv. 62. 
 
 KARUM-PIE. See quotation. 
 
 Athelstane . . swallowed to his own single 
 share the whole of a large pasty composed 
 of the most exquisite foreign delicacies, and 
 termed at that time a karum-pie. Scott, 
 Ivanhoe, i. 217. 
 
 KATHENOTHEISM. See extract. 
 
 Max Miiller, in a lecture on the Veda, has 
 given the name of kathenotheism to the doc- 
 trine of divine unity in diversity. E. Tyler, 
 Primitive Culture, ii. 254. 
 
 KECKLE, to chuckle ; to laugh ; also 
 a substantive. 
 
 The auld carles kecklet with fainness as 
 they saw the young dancers. Gait, Annals 
 of the Parish, ch. xlviii. 
 
 "I' gude faith," cried the bailie, with a 
 keckle of exultation, " here's proof enough 
 now." Ibid., Provost, ch. xii. 
 
 " Ah ! you're a wag, sir," keckled the old 
 man. C. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. iv. 
 
 KEDGE, brisk. 
 I'm surely growing young again, 
 
 I feel myself so hedge and plump, 
 
 From head to foot I've not one pain, 
 
 Nay, hang me if I couldn't jump. 
 
 Bloomfield, Richard and Kate. 
 
 KEEL, the name given to boats used 
 by the colliers at Newcastle. See H. 
 and extract s. v. CRIMP. In the extract 
 from Sylvester it = ship generally. 
 Thou and thy most renowned noble brother 
 Came to the Court first in a keele of Sea- 
 
 coale. 
 
 Chapman, Revenge of Bussy 
 D'Ambois, Act I. 
 
 Such is thy case 
 
 To have thy vessell full of Vertues split, 
 
 "Where lighter keels and empty never hit. 
 Sylvester, An Elegie. 
 
 He had come to Newcastle about a year 
 ago in expectation of journeyman work, 
 along with three young fellows of his ac- 
 
 quaintance who worked in the keels. Smol- 
 lett, Roderick Random, ch. viii. 
 
 KEELING, a small cod. See quota- 
 tion s. v. GREGS. 
 
 For the soling of them were made use of 
 eleven hundred hides of brown cows, shapen 
 like the tail of a keeling. Urquharfs Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 KEEP, the food that a person con- 
 sumes. 
 
 Euth's salary of forty pounds was gone, 
 while more of her " keep" as Sally called it, 
 was thrown upon the Bensons. Mrs. Gas- 
 kell, Ruth, ch. xxviii. 
 
 KEEP CUT. N. has this phrase 
 with a quotation from Cotgrave's Wit's 
 Interpreter, 1671, but no explanation. 
 "To keep within bounds "would suit 
 the sense both in that passage and in 
 all the subjoined, i. e. to keep in the 
 groove marked out. In the second ex- 
 tract Breton is describing " a graceless 
 grove that never did man good." 
 Good brother Philip, I have born you long, 
 I was content you should in favour creep 
 While craftily you seemed your cut to keep, 
 As though that fair soft hand did you great 
 
 wrong. 
 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, 85. 
 There might he see a monkey with an ape, 
 
 Climing a tree, and cracking of a nut : 
 One sparrow teache an other how to gape, 
 
 But not a tame one taught to keepe the cut. 
 Breton, Pilgrimage to Paradise, p. 8. 
 
 At the marriage of Sir Philip Herbert with 
 the Lady Susan Vere, . . . many great ladies 
 were made shorter by the skirts, . . . like the 
 Little Woman ; and Sir Dudley Carleton 
 says, " They were well enough served that 
 they could keep cut no better." If the reader 
 asks, What is keeping cut ? he asks a question ' 
 I cannot answer. Southey, TJie Doctor, Inter- 
 chapter xvii. 
 
 KEEPERESS, a woman who keeps a 
 man. 
 
 Hardly ever, I dare say, was there a keeper 
 that did not make a keeperess ; who lavished 
 away on her kept-fellow what she obtained 
 from the extravagant folly of him who kept 
 her. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 359. 
 
 KEEPING-ROOM, parlour. 
 
 Like many other buildings of the same 
 date and style, that which was designated as 
 the keeping-room or parlour was the passage 
 of the house. Freeman's Life of W. Kirby, 
 p. 219 (1852). 
 
 KEEP-OFF, long, and so adapted for 
 keeping foes at a distance : the original 
 
 is
 
 KEEP-WORTHY ( 360 ) KIBBLE-CHAIN 
 
 He fought not with a keep-off spear, or with 
 
 a far-shot bow, 
 But with a massy club of iron. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, vii. 121 
 
 KEEP-WORTHY, worth preservation. 
 
 Bodmer . . was the editor of the Zurich 
 Charter . . . and of other keep-worthy docu- 
 ments. Taylor, Survey of German Poetry, i. 
 182. 
 
 KELLUS " is the miner's name for a 
 substance like a white soft stone which 
 lies above the floor or spar, near to a 
 vein " (Note by Miss Edgeworth in 
 loc.). The scene of the story from 
 which the extract is taken is in Corn- 
 wall. 
 
 I also saw them secrete a, lump of spar in 
 which they had reason to guess there were 
 Cornish diamonds, as they call them, and 
 they carefully hid the bits of kellus which 
 they had picked out, lest the viewer should 
 notice them and suspect the truth. Miss 
 Edgeworth, Lame Jervas, ch. i. 
 
 KELTER in many dialects = rubbish ; 
 perhaps, therefore, in extract it means 
 poor, valueless. Peacock (Manley and 
 Corringham Glossary, E. D. S.) gives 
 " kelterly , rubbishy." 
 He put him on an old Keller coat, 
 Aud Hose of the same above the knee. 
 Roxburgh allads,\i. 350. 
 
 KEMBO, to crook ; to place akimbo. 
 
 " Oons, madam ! " said he, and he kemloed 
 his arms, and strutted up to me. ..." Kem- 
 boed arms! my lord, are you not sorry for 
 such an air ? " Richardson, Grandison, iv. 
 288, 290. 
 
 KEMPSTOCK. See quotation. 
 
 Panurge took two great cables of the ship, 
 and tied them to the kempstock or capstan 
 which was on the deck towards the hatches. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxv. 
 
 KEN, to lie within sight or ken of. 
 
 Pliny calleth a place in Picardy Portum 
 Morinorum Britanuicum, that is, The British 
 haven or port of the Morines, either for that 
 they tooke ship there to passe over into 
 Britain, or because it kenned Britaine over 
 against it on the other side of the Sea. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 221. 
 
 KEN, a house (thieves' slang). Bouking 
 in the first extract is no doubt misprint 
 for bouzing ; a bouzing-ken = a public- 
 house. 
 
 Then do I cry, Good your worship, 
 
 Bestow some small denier a, 
 And bravely then at the bouking ken 
 I'll bouze it all in beer a. 
 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 205. 
 
 To say nothing at all of those troublesome 
 
 swells, 
 "Who come from the play-houses, flash kens, 
 
 and hells. Ingoldsby Legends (St. Aloys). 
 
 KENNINU-PLACE, a prominent object. 
 In Gibson's translation the extract is 
 " a spectacle exposed to the eye of all 
 the world." 
 
 Chester .... standeth forth as a kenning- 
 place to the view of eyes. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 606. 
 
 KERNELL, to embattle (creneler). In 
 margin " kerneilare, what it is." H. 
 has the substantive with examples. 
 
 The king had given him License to fortifie 
 and kernell his mansion house ; that is, to 
 embatle it. Holland's Camden, p. 753. 
 
 These walls are kernelled on the top. 
 ArchtsoL, iii. 202 (1775). 
 
 KETTLE OF FISH, a mess or disturb- 
 ance. Kidellus or kiddle is a fishing 
 weir, and the keddle or kettle-nets are 
 large stake-nets used for catching fish 
 therein. Probably this is the origin of 
 the phrase. A kettle of fish is also 
 applied to a species of picnic described 
 in the second extract. 
 
 Fine doings at my house ! a pretty kettle 
 of fith I have discovered at last ! Who 
 the devil would be plagued with such a 
 daughter ? Fielding, T. Jones, Bk. XVIII. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 A kettle of fish is a fete champetre of a par- 
 ticular kind. . . A large caldron is boiled 
 by the side of a salmon river, containing a 
 quantity of water, thickened with salt to the 
 consistence of brine. In this the fish is 
 plunged when taken, and eaten by the com- 
 pany fronde super viridi. Scott, St. Ronaii's 
 Well, i. 210. 
 
 KEY OF THE STREET. A person who 
 has no house to go to at night, or is 
 shut out from his own, is said to have 
 the key of the street. 
 
 " There," said Lowten, " it's too late now : 
 you can't get in to-night ; you've got the key 
 of the street, my friend." Pickwick Papers, 
 ch. xlvii. 
 
 KEYLESS, unlocked ; without a key. 
 
 Faith and simplicity had guarded that 
 keyless door more securely than the houses 
 of the laity were defended by their gates 
 like a modern jail. Reade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. xciv. 
 
 KIBBLE-CHAIN, the chain that draws 
 up the kibble or bucket from a mine. 
 
 One day at the shaft's mouth, reaching 
 after the kibble-chain maybe he was in 
 liquor, maybe not, the Lord knows, but I
 
 KICKABLE 
 
 (361 ) 
 
 K1NGLIHOOD 
 
 didu't know him again, sir, when we picked 
 him up. C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. viii. 
 
 KICKABLE, capable of being kicked ; 
 or adapted for that process. 
 
 Rigg was a most unengaging kickable boy 
 G. Eliot, Midd.lemarch, ch. xli. 
 
 He was not unconscious of being held 
 kickable. Ibid., Daniel Deronda, ch. xii. 
 
 KICKEE, a person kicked. 
 
 He . . was seen . . . kicking him at the 
 same time in the most ignominious manner ; 
 and in return to all demands on the part of 
 the kickee to know the reason for such out- 
 rage, simply remarking, " You are Pigviggin." 
 Savage, R. Medlicott, Bk. III. ch. viii. 
 
 KID, a young child ; though this is 
 slang, kidnap is in ordinary use. 
 
 And at her back a kid that cry'd 
 
 Still as she pinch 'd it, fast was ty'd. 
 
 D'Urfey, Callings Walk, cant. iv. 
 
 A fig for me being drowned if the kid is 
 drowned with me, and I don't even care so 
 much for the kid being drowned, if I go 
 down with him. Reade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. xxiii. 
 
 KIDDERMINSTERED, covered with a 
 Kidderminster carpet. 
 
 " The hour when daylight dies " is equally 
 dear to shopkeeper and shepherd, and as 
 charming in the tradesman's contracted and 
 Kidderminstered parlour as in the rosiest 
 thatched cottage. Savage, R. Medlicott, Bk. 
 III. ch. i. 
 
 KIDDY, some piece of now obsolete 
 slang ; not in' the Slang Diet., which 
 has " Kiddily, fashionably," but this 
 does not seem the meaning here. 
 
 It was his ambition to do something in. 
 the celebrated " Kiddy " or stage-coach way. 
 Sketches by Boz (Making a night of it). 
 
 KIDDY-PIE, a pie made of goat's or 
 kid's flesh. 
 
 The goats furnished milk and Kiddy-pies. 
 Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. iv. 
 
 KIDNEY-LIPT, hare-lipped. 
 First, Jollie's wife is lame ; the next, loose- 
 
 hipt, 
 Sqnint-ey'd, hook-nos'd, and lastly kidney- 
 
 lipt. Her rick, Hesperides, p. 64. 
 
 KILBUCK, a term of contempt. 
 Thar. "Well, have you done now, Ladie ? 
 Art. O my sweet kilbuck. 
 Thar. You now in your shallow pate 
 thinke this a disgrace to mee. 
 
 Chapman, Widdowes Teares, Act I. 
 
 KILL-CROP. See quotation. 
 
 Concerning the kill-crops, as his country- 
 men the Saxons call them, whom the devil 
 leaves in exchange, when he steals children 
 
 for purposes best known to himself, Luther 
 does not express any definite opinion, farther 
 than that they are of a devilish nature .... 
 In Saxonia near unto Halberstad was a mail 
 that also had a killcrop, who sucked the 
 mother and five other women dry, and be- 
 sides devoured very much. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. ccxxx. 
 
 KILL-MAN, man slaughtering. " Kill 
 man Merion," is Chapman's highly con- 
 densed rendering of M?jp6i/7jc T' ard- 
 Xavroc 'Evva\i(f> avSpHQovTy. 
 "Whom war-like Idomen did lead, co-partner 
 
 in the fleet 
 With kill-man Merion. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, ii. 573. 
 
 KILL-TIME. See quotation. 
 
 That which as an occasional pastime he 
 might have thought harmless and even 
 wholesome, seemed to him something worse 
 than folly when it was made a kill-time, the 
 serious occupation for which people were 
 brought together, the only one at whir.h 
 some of them ever appeared to give them- 
 selves the trouble of thinking. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. Ixv. 
 
 KIL-MEN, brick-makers or kiln-men. 
 These busie Kil-men ply their occupations 
 For brick and tyle ; there for their firm 
 
 foundations 
 They dig to hell. Sylvester, Babylon, 164. 
 
 KILT, to turn up short, like a kilt. 
 She kilted up her gown to run. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 KIMBO, as a verb. See KEMBO. 
 
 KINCOB, brocaded work (Hindustani 
 Kimkhiuab). 
 
 He is the son of Colonel Newcome, C. B., 
 who sends her shawls, ivory chessmen, 
 scented sandal-wood work-boxes and kincob 
 scarfs. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. v. 
 
 KINDLE-FIRE, promoter of strife, fire- 
 brand. 
 
 Heere is he the kindle-fire between these 
 two mighty nations, and began such a flame 
 as lasted aboue an hundred yeeres after, and 
 the smoake thereof much longer. Daniel, 
 Hist, of Eny., p. 189. 
 
 KINDLING COAL, a coal left smoulder- 
 ing overnight for the purpose of light- 
 ing the fire in the morning. 
 
 Thou kindling cole of an infernall fire, 
 Die in the ashes of thy dead desire. 
 
 Breton, Pilgrimage to Paradise, p. 12. 
 
 KINGLIHOOD, royalty. 
 
 He neither wore on helm or shield 
 The golden symbol of his kinglihood, 
 But rode a simple knight among his knights. 
 Tennyson, Coming of Arthur.
 
 KIP 
 
 ( 362 ) KITCHEN-PHYSIC 
 
 KIP. To tatter a kip to wreck a 
 house of ill fame. 
 
 My business was to attend him at auctions, 
 to put him iu spirits when he sat for his 
 picture, to take the left hand in his chariot 
 when not filled by another, and to assist at 
 tattering a kip. as the phrase was, when we 
 had a mind for a frolic. Vicar of Wake jleld, 
 ch.xx. 
 
 KIPPERED, dried by smoking. Sal- 
 mon are said to be kipper after spawn- 
 ing when they are very thin ; hence 
 the term is applied to them when dried. 
 Mingling with scents of butter, cheese, and 
 
 gammons, 
 
 Tea, coffee, sugar, pickles, rosin, wax, 
 Hides, tallow, .Russia-matting, hemp, and 
 
 flax, 
 
 Salt-cod, red-herrings, sprats, and kippered 
 salmons. Hood, The Turtles. 
 
 KlRDLING, brandishing (?). 
 Now the youth grows mad, 
 The moon-man that was sad, 
 Starts up as wild as he, 
 With frowning angry look, 
 Stood kirdliny with his hook, 
 And demands what he might be. 
 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 41. 
 
 KISS-CHEEKS, an epithet of tears as 
 wetting the cheek. 
 Thus doubting clouds o'ercasting heav'nly 
 
 brain 
 At length in rows of kiss-cheeks tears they 
 
 rain. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 85. 
 
 KISSEE, a person kissed. 
 
 This Hebe Mr. Gordon greeted with a 
 loving kiss, which the kissee resented. 
 Lytton. Pelham, ch. 1. 
 
 KIT, a light woman. 
 Such foolish Kittes of such a skittish kinde 
 In Bridewell booke are every where to finde 
 Breton, Pasquil's Fooles-cappe, p. 21' 
 
 KIT HAD LOST HER KEY, miscarri- 
 age (?), or perhaps, diarrhoea. Perdre 
 la clef de ses f esses is a vulgar French 
 expression for the latter disorder. 
 
 Oblations and offerings of meats, of otes, 
 images of wax, bound pens and pins for 
 deliverance of bad husbands, for a sick cow, 
 to keep down the belly, and when " kit had 
 lost her key." W. Patten, Exped. to Scotl., 
 1547 (Eng. Garner, iii. 71). 
 
 KIT WITH THE CANSTICK, some sprite 
 or demon ; will o' the wisp (?). Can- 
 stick = candle-stick (see Hen- IV., III. 
 i.). The extract is quoted by Washing- 
 ton Irving in a note to his article on 
 Stratford on Avon in the Sketch Book. 
 
 They have so fraid us with bull-beggars, 
 spirits, witches, . . . kit with the cansticke, . . . 
 
 and such other bugs, that we were afraid of 
 our own shadowes. Scot, Discovei-ie of 
 Witchcraft (1584). 
 
 KITCHEN - CORDIALS, kitchen - physic, 
 q. v. 
 
 If nor a dram of treacle sovereign, 
 Or aqua-vitse, or sngar-candian, 
 Nor kitchen-cordials, can it remedy, 
 Certes his time is come, needs mought he die. 
 Hall, Sat., II. iv. 31. 
 
 KITCHENDOM, the domain of the kit- 
 chen. 
 
 "What Imowest thou of flowers, except belike 
 To garnish meats with ? hath not our good 
 
 king 
 
 "Who lent me thee, the flower of kitchendom, 
 A foolish love for flowers ? 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 KITCHENER, cook. 
 
 The industry of all crafts has paused ; 
 except it be the smith's fiercely hammering 
 pikes, and in a faint degree the kitchener's 
 cooking off-hand victuals. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. I. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 KITCHEN-GAIN, kitchen-stuff ; drip- 
 ping. 
 
 The sweat upon thy face doth oft appear 
 Like to my mother's fat and kitchen-yain. 
 Greene, p. 291. 
 
 KITCHENIST, a cook, as one whose 
 work lies in the kitchen. Sylvester 
 reckons among those whose lot it is to 
 live in smoke, 
 
 Brick-makers, Brewers, Colliers, Kitchin- 
 ists. Tobacco Battered, 427. 
 
 KITCHEN-LATIN, inferior latin. 
 
 Observe too what it is that he sees in the 
 city of Paris : no feeblest glimpse of those 
 D'Alemberts and Diderots, or of the strange 
 questionable work they did ; solely some 
 Benedictine priests, to talk kitchen-latin with 
 them about Editiones principes. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iii. 102. 
 
 KITCHEN-PHYSIC, nourishing diet, fit 
 for an invalid. Cf. KITCHEN-CORDIALS. 
 
 For myselfe, if I be ill at ease, I like kit- 
 chyn physicke ; I make my wife my doctor, 
 and my garden my apoticaries shop. Greene, 
 Quip for Upstart Courtier (Itarl. Misc.. v. 
 406). 
 
 Nothing will cure this man's understanding 
 but some familiar and kitchen-physic, which, 
 with pardon, must for plainness sake be ad- 
 ministered unto him. Call hither your cook. 
 Milton, A nimadv. on Remonst., sect. 2. 
 
 The cook's boy in the kitchen . . . was then 
 master cook for the whole family ; and he 
 performed his part so well in making their 
 broths and other necessaries, that he was the 
 best physician among the doctors ; for by his
 
 KITCHEN-POKERNESS ( 363 ) KNICKERBOCKERS 
 
 kitchen-physic the sick was cured. Barnard, 
 Life of Heylin, p. 113. 
 
 Col. Well, after all, kitchen-pliysick is the 
 best physick. 
 
 Ld.-S. And the best doctors in the world 
 Doctor Diet, Doctor Quiet, and Doctor 
 Merryman. Svrift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. ii.). 
 
 KITCHEN - POKEBNESS, extreme stiff- 
 ness. 
 
 He looked something like a vignette to one 
 of Richardson's novels, and had a clean- 
 cravatish formality of manner, and kitchen- 
 poker ness of carriage which Sir Charles Gran- 
 dison himself might have envied. Sketches 
 by Boz ( Waikins Tattle). 
 
 KITE. A man who raises money on 
 a bill is said to fly a kite (slang). 
 
 Here's bills plenty long bills and short 
 bills but even the kites, which I c&a. fly as 
 well as any man, won't raise the money for 
 me now. Miss Edge-worth, Love and Law, 
 i.2. 
 
 In English Exchequer-bills full half a million, 
 Not kites manufactured to cheat and inveigle, 
 But the right sort of flimsy, all signed by 
 
 Monteagle. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Mer. of Venice). 
 
 KITLING, sharp ; kitten-like. 
 His kitling eyes begin to run 
 Quite through the table, where he spies 
 The homes of paperie butterflies. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 126. 
 
 KITTENHOOD, state of being a kitten. 
 For thou art beautiful as ever cat 
 That wantoned in the joy of kittenhood. 
 
 Southey, Nondescripts, i. 
 
 KITTENISH, kitten-like. 
 
 Such a kittenish disposition in her I called 
 it ; for it is not so much the love of power 
 that predominates in her mind, but the love 
 of playfulness. Richardson, Grandison, iv. 
 115. 
 
 KITTLE, to tickle. 
 
 A man must hug, and dandle, and kittle, 
 and play a hundred little tricks with his bed- 
 fellow. Kennet's Erasmus, Praise of Folly, 
 p. 23. 
 
 KITTLE, ticklish ; difficult to deal 
 with. 
 
 "Women are kittle folk, manage them who 
 can. Reade, Never too late to mend, ch. viii. 
 
 KNACKING, downright (?). 
 distance. Tush, ye speake in jest. 
 
 Mery. Nay sure, the partie is in good knack- 
 ing earnest. 
 
 Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 2. 
 
 KNAPKNOB, swelling lump. Knan 
 = hill. 
 
 Enquyrye was eke made 
 For to snip, in the foaling, from front of 
 
 fillye the knapknob, 
 That the mare al greedy dooth snap. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 550. 
 
 KNATCH, to knock. 
 
 One day hee gathered all the sicke, lame, 
 and impotent people of Rome into one place, 
 where hee hamperd their feete with straunge 
 deuises, gavie them softe spunges in their 
 hands to throw at him for stones, and with a 
 great clubbe knatched them all on the bed as 
 they had been giauntes. Gosson, Schoole of 
 Abuse, p. 47. 
 
 KNAVE, to make a knave of. 
 
 At the first sight of a raw gentleman, they 
 fly at him like a vulture at the quarry, and 
 for the same end also, to prey first upon his 
 virtue, then upon his money: how many 
 nets do they lay to ensnare the squire and 
 knave themselves. Gentleman Instructed, p. 
 477. 
 
 KNAVING, abuse. 
 
 No comfortable scriptures, nor yet anything 
 to the soul's consolation, may come out of 
 the mouths of these spiritual fathers, but 
 dog's rhetoric and cur's courtesy, knavings, 
 brawlings, and quarrellings. Bale, Select 
 Works, p. 173. 
 
 KNEADINGLY, like one who kneads ; 
 pressing together. 
 
 And I perceived how she 
 "Who loosed it with her hands, pressed knead- 
 
 ingly, 
 
 As though it had been wine in grapy coats. 
 Leigh Hunt, Foliage, p. 30. 
 
 KNEES. To sit on one's knees = to 
 kneel. 
 
 His Majesty . . . calling me to him before 
 the whole company, I sitting upon my knees, 
 he gave me an especial charge. Life of 
 Phineas Pette, temp. James I. (Arch., xii. 254). 
 
 KNEZ, a prince, applied to the Czar. 
 Velikie Knez = Grand Duke, in the 
 present day. 
 
 There are above forty severall nations, 
 both in Europe and Asia, which have the 
 Slavonick for their vulgar speech ; it reacheth 
 from Mosco, the court of the great Knez, to 
 the Turk's Seraglio in Constantinople, and 
 so over the Propontey to divers places in 
 Asia. Howell, Forraine Travell, sect. 11. 
 The knez of them [letters] may know what 
 
 Prester John 
 Doth with his camels in the torrid zone. 
 
 Ibid., Verses prefixed to Familiar Letters. 
 
 KNICKERBOCKERS, loose trowsers, end- 
 ing at the knee, after the manner of 
 the Dutch, and met by a long stocking 
 much worn by children, sportsmen,
 
 KNICK-KNACK- A TORY ( 364 ) 
 
 The puffed trunk-hose of 15801600 co- 
 existed with the finest cap-a-pie armour of 
 proof. They gradually in the country, where 
 they were ill made, became slops, i. e. knick- 
 erbockers. C. Kingsley, 1859 (Life, ii. 94). 
 
 Knickerbockers, surely the prettiest boy's 
 dress that has appeared these hundred years. 
 Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, viii. 
 
 KNICK-KNACK-ATORY, a collection of 
 knick-knacks ; an old curiosity shop. 
 In the extract from Richardson the 
 initial lc in the first part of the word is 
 omitted, but retained in the second. 
 
 Cf. NlCK-NACKERY. 
 
 One Mr. "Webb, a rich philosopher, lived in 
 Bloomsbury. He was single, and his house 
 a sort of knick-knack-atory. North, Life of 
 Lord Guilford, ii. 252. 
 
 For my part, I keep a knicknackatory or 
 toy-shop. T. Brown, Works, ii. 15. 
 
 I know he has judgement in nick-knack- 
 atories, and even as much as I wish him in 
 what is called taste. Richardson, Grandison, 
 v. 71. 
 
 KNICK-KNACKER, a trifler. 
 
 Other kind of knick-ktiackers there are, 
 which betwixt knaue and foole can make an 
 ilfauord passage through the world. Breton, 
 Strange Newes, p. 6. 
 
 KNICK-KNACKERIES, curious or ele- 
 gant trifles. 
 
 He has attempted, in this instance, to be- 
 come ... a Writer of a short Epick Poem, 
 stuff'd with romantick knick-knackeries. 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 42. 
 
 KNICK - KNACKS, light refreshment ; 
 kickshaws. 
 
 He found me supporting my outward 
 tabernacle that was fatigued, starved, and 
 distempered, with some knick-knacks (deli- 
 ciis) at the confectioner's. Bailey's Erasmus, 
 p. 377. 
 
 KNIGHTHOOD-MONEY. See quotation. 
 
 He was fined in October, 1630, for refusing 
 the honour of knighthood, a matter then 
 lately brought up to obtain money for his 
 majestie's use. This money which was paid 
 by all persons of 40 Ii. per an. that refused 
 to come in and be dub'd knights, was called 
 kniyhthood-nwney. Life of A. Wood, 1642. 
 
 KNIPPERDOLLIN, a fanatical fool. 
 Knipperdollin was an Anabaptist leader 
 under John of Leyden ; he was executed 
 1536. See HYPERDOLIN. 
 
 Hold ! quoth Collin, 
 I am not such a Knipperdollin, 
 Not to allow, as the case stands, 
 That you are stronger of yoiir hands. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin' s Walk, cant. i. 
 
 KNOCK OFF 
 
 a small measure oE 
 drink. See N., s. v. Nipperldn. 
 
 Although I would not lose my credit 
 By letting the town know I quaff'd 
 A quart of claret at a draught, 
 Yet here with such a friend as you, 
 A brother, and in private too, 
 Myself a foe must needs profess 
 To all such knipperkins as this. 
 
 VUrfey, Collins Walk, cant. iv. 
 
 KNIT, compounded. 
 
 If the cakes at tea eat short and crisp, 
 they were made by Olivia ; if the gooseberry 
 wine was well knit, the gooseberries were of 
 her gathering. Vicar of Wakejield, ch. xvi. 
 
 KNITCH, a bundle. 
 
 If I dared break a hedge for a knitch of 
 wood, they'd put me in prison. C. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xxviii. 
 
 KN T ITTING-CUP, a cup of wine handed 
 round after a couple had been knit to- 
 gether in matrimony ; also called the 
 contracting-cup. 
 
 Mind 
 
 The parson's put to engage him in the busi- 
 ness; 
 A knitting-cup there must be. 
 
 Jonxon, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1. 
 
 KNIVE, to cut with a knife. 
 
 A brute who in cold blood knived and tor- 
 tured them with his own hand. F. Walpole, 
 The Ansayrii, ii. 8. 
 
 KNIVES, PAIR OF, scissors. 
 
 I pray, when you write next, to send me 
 . . . half a dozen of pair of knives. Howell, 
 Letters, I. i. 14. 
 
 I must desire you (as I did once at Rouen) 
 to send me . . half a dozen pair of knives by 
 the merchant's post. Ibid. I. ii. 20. 
 
 KNOCKING-UNDERXESS, submission. 
 
 I'm for peace, and quietness, and fawn- 
 in gness, and what may be styled knockiny- 
 underness. De Quincey, Murder as a Fine 
 Art. 
 
 KNOCK - KNEED, having the knees 
 turned somewhat in, and so knocking 
 together. 
 
 Once I thought my body was a church, 
 My head the belfry ; and you'd scarce believe 
 What clangour and what swinging to and fro 
 Went on, and how the belfry rock'd and 
 
 reel'd, 
 Till Death, the knock-kneed laggard, came to 
 
 Church. Taylor, St. Clement's Eve, iv. 2. 
 
 KNOCK OFF, to desist or give up ; and 
 so, to die. The expression is still in 
 common use among the working classes, 
 especially of leaving off work.
 
 KNOCK UNDER TABLE ( 365 ) 
 
 KNURLY 
 
 Iii noting of their nativities, I have wholly 
 observed the instructions of Pitseus, where 
 I knock off with his death, my light ending 
 with his life on that subject. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, ch. x. 
 
 My gentleman knocks off, and, like the 
 serpent, exposes his tail to save his head, 
 i. e. drops his titles, offices, and greatness, 
 and gives up his favouriteship with all its 
 appurtenances, to save his skin. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 211. 
 
 It was your ill fortune to live amongst 
 such a refractory, perverse people, . . that 
 would not knock off in any reasonable time, 
 hut lived long on purpose to spite their rela- 
 tions. T. Brown, Works, iv. 183. 
 
 KNOCK UNDER TABLE, to yield. 
 South has "knock under board." See 
 s. v. BOARD ; knock under is the more 
 usual expression. 
 
 If, therefore, after this " I go the way of 
 my fathers," I freely waive that haughty 
 epitaph, maynis tamen excidit ausis, and in- 
 stead knock under table that Satan hath be- 
 guiled me to play the fool with myself. 
 Asi/ill's Argument, &c., 1700, quoted in 
 Southey's Doctor, ch. clxxii. 
 
 I hope you'll be brought to knock under 
 the table, and own that you have given me 
 and yourself a great deal of unnecessary 
 trouble. T. JSroion, Works, ii. 296. 
 He that flinches his glass, and to drink is 
 
 not able, 
 Let him quarrel no more, but knock under 
 
 the table. Ibid., iv. 16. 
 
 KNOCK UP, to tire. 
 
 If Fanny would be more regular in her 
 exercise, she would not be knocked up so 
 soon. Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. vii. 
 
 KNOT, bud. 
 
 "Whose suits hung upon him like fruits on 
 the citron-tree ; it bore some ripe ones, and 
 some sour ones, some in the knot, and some 
 in the blossom altogether. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 88. 
 
 KNOT IN A RUSH. To seek a knot in 
 a rush = to look for a needle in a bottle 
 of hay. H. refers to Elyot s. v. scirpus. 
 
 Cf. A PIMPLE IN A BENT, S. V. PlMPLE. 
 
 I saw a great many women using high 
 wordes to their husbands ; some striving for 
 the breeches, others to have the last word ; 
 some fretting they could not find a knot in a 
 rush, others striving whether it were wooll or 
 hair the goat bare. Greene, Quip for Upstart 
 Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 397). 
 The bed of snakes is broke, the tricks come 
 
 out, 
 And here's the knot i' the rush. 
 
 Davenport, City Myht-Cap, Act III. 
 
 KNOWING, well-appointed ; fashion- 
 able. Cf. GNOSTIC. 
 
 Many young men who had chambers in 
 the Temple, made a very good appearance in 
 the first circles, and drove about town in 
 very knowing gigs. Miss Austen, Sense and 
 Sensibility, ch. xix. 
 
 KNOWLEDGEABLE, educated ; intel- 
 ligent. L. has the word, but in the 
 sense of " cognisable." 
 
 I'll noane deny that in a thing or two I 
 may be more knowledgeable than Coulson. 
 I've had a deal o' time on my hands i' my 
 youth, and I'd good schooling as long as 
 father lived. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. xxi. 
 
 KNOWLEDGE-BOX, head. 
 
 By Bedford's cut I've trimm'd my locks, 
 And coal-black is my knowledge-box, 
 Callous to all, except hard knocks 
 
 Of thumpers. 
 Poetry of Antijacolin, p. 116. 
 
 KNOWNEST, best known. 
 
 Death is the knownest and unknownest thing 
 in the world ; that of which men have the 
 most thoughts and fewest meditations. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 53. 
 
 KNOW THY MASTER. See extract, 
 which is taken from the Parish Regis- 
 ters of Loughborough, Leicestershire. 
 
 June, 1551. The Swatt called new ac- 
 quyntance, alles Stoupe Knave, and Know 
 thy Master, began the xxiiiith of this ruonethe 
 1551. Archceol. xxxviii. 107. 
 
 KNUCKLE-DEEP, considerably ; having 
 the whole hand in. 
 
 You shall find St. Paul (1 Cor. vi. 5) 
 offend against this bill, and intermeddle 
 knuckle-deep with secular affairs by inhibiting 
 the Corinthians very sharply for their chi- 
 canery, pettifoggery, and common barretry 
 in going to law one with another. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 170. 
 
 KNUCKLE DOWN or UNDER, to give 
 way, perhaps from bending the knee. 
 
 So he knuckled down again, to use his own 
 phrase, and sent old Hulker with peaceable 
 overtures to Osborne. Thackeray, Vanity 
 Fair, ch. xlii. 
 
 When the upper hand is taken upon the 
 faith of one's patience by a man of even 
 smaller wits . . . why it natnrally happens 
 that we knuckle under with an ounce of 
 indignation. Ulackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. 
 liv. 
 
 KNURLY, gnarled, knotted. 
 
 "Why, thus should statesmen doe 
 That cleave through knots of craggie pollicies 
 Use men like wedges, one strike out another, 
 Till by degrees the tough and knurly trunke 
 Be rived in sunder. 
 
 Marston, Antonio and Mellida, iii. 3.
 
 KNURRED 
 
 ( 366 ) LACHRYMENTAL 
 
 KNORRED, knotted or studded. 
 Thee gates of warfare wyl then bee man- 
 
 nacled hardly 
 
 With steele bunch chayne knob clingd, 
 knurd and narrolye liucked. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 281. 
 
 KNDRRY, knotty, contorted. L. has 
 the word as part of a compound, 
 " knurry - bulked oak " (Urayton). 
 Chaucer (Cant. Tales, 1979), has 
 Knarry. 
 
 Vnder the oaken bark 
 The knurry knot with branching veins we 
 
 mark 
 To be of substance all one with the tree. 
 
 Sylvester, fourth day, first weeke, 103. 
 .... The knurry knob oake tree, 
 Thogh craggy in griping, in strength sur- 
 passeth a smooth slip. 
 
 Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 143. 
 
 Ko, quoth. Cf. KA. Stanyhurst has 
 quoa. See s. v. FLAMFEWS. 
 Bawawe what ye say (Ko I) of such a jent- 
 
 man: 
 Nay, I feare him not (Ko she), doe the best 
 
 he can. Udal, Roister Bolster, iii. 3. 
 
 KIUTARCHY, the rule of the Judges. 
 
 Samson, Jepthah, Gideon, and other 
 heroes of the Kritarchy. Sou.th.ey, The 
 Doctor, Inter chapter xvii. 
 
 KUDOS, praise. This Greek noun is 
 almost naturalized. Southey uses it in 
 the extract as a verb. 
 Bepraised in prose it was, bepraised in verse, 
 Lauded in pious Latin to the skies, 
 Kudos'd egregiously in heathen Greek. 
 
 Southey, Nondescripts, I. 
 
 KORISEES. See extract. 
 
 The renegado Wogan with twenty-four of 
 Ormond's Kurisees. Letter of O. Cromwell, 
 Dec. 19, 1649. 
 
 What Kurisees are I do not know ; may be 
 cuirassiers in popular locution ; some nick- 
 name for Ormond's men, whom few loved. 
 Carlyle, Cromwell's Letters, &c., ii. 95. 
 
 KYE-BOSK, a street slang term ; now, 
 I think, obsolete. The slang Diet, 
 gives Kibosh, nonsense or palaver. 
 
 " Hooroar ! " ejaculates a pot-boy in paren- 
 thesis, " put the Kyebosk on her, Mary." 
 Sketches by Boz (Seven Dials). 
 
 LABEL, a tassel or pendant strip. 
 Fuller (Ch. Hist., III. iii. 13), calls 
 Dover " the utmost edge, brink, and 
 labell " of England. 
 
 And a knit night-cap made of coarsest twine, 
 With two long labels button'd to his chin. 
 
 Hall, Sat. IV. ii. 24. 
 
 Balak met Balaam, standing as it were on 
 his tiptoes, on the very last label of his land. 
 Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, IV. i. 19. 
 
 LABOUR-IN-VAIN, seems to have been 
 a favourite sign ; the picture was that 
 of a negro being washed to make him 
 white. I remember some thirty years 
 ago a large toy-shop in Southampton 
 that had this picture in the window, 
 with the legend, " Labour in vain, and 
 BO it will be to find a cheaper shop 
 than this." 
 
 Let nature do her best, we dwelt at the 
 sign of the Labour-in-vain, Only Christ 
 hath washed us. Adams, i. 398. 
 
 That Commission ended at Labour-in-vain; 
 not, as the old emblem is, to go about to 
 make a black-moor white, but to make him 
 that was white to appear like a black-moor. 
 Hacket,Life of Williams, II. 67. 
 
 LABOUROUS, industrious. 
 But sober, honest, wittie, thriftie, kinde, 
 Good shape, good face, expert, and labourous, 
 Good hand, good heart, good spirit and good 
 
 minde, 
 Discreetly careful, and not covetous. 
 
 Breton, Mother's Blessing, p. 9. 
 
 LABYRINTH, to shut up in a maze or 
 labyrinth. 
 
 How to entangle, trammel up, and snare 
 Your soul in mine, and labyrinth you there, 
 Like the hid sceut in au unbudded rose. 
 
 Keats, Lamia, Pt. II. 
 
 LACE, to open. Miss Edgeworth 
 suggests in a note "perhaps from 
 lacher, to loosen." 
 
 Larry . . drove . . over great stones left 
 in the road by carmen, who bad been driving 
 in the gudgeons of their axle-trees to hinder 
 them from lacing. Miss Edyeworth, Absentee, 
 
 ell. X. 
 
 LACHRYMENTAL, tearful ; lugubrious. 
 
 To see each wall and publike post defil'd 
 With diners deadly elegies, compil'd 
 By a foule swarme of Cuckoes of our times, 
 In lamentable lachrymentall rimes. 
 
 A . Holland (Davies 1 Scourye 
 of Folly, p. 81).
 
 LACK 
 
 ( 367 ) LADY OF PLEASURE 
 
 LACK, to rake. 
 
 " "We are lacking her through and through 
 every shot," said he ; " leave the small 
 ordnance alone yet awhile, and we shall 
 sink her without them. Kinysley, Westward 
 Ho, ch. xx. 
 
 Alongside ran bold Captain John [Haw- 
 kins], and with his next shot, says his son, 
 an eye-witness, " lacked the admiral through 
 aud through." Ibid., ch. xxviii, 
 
 LACK, blame. Cf. BELACK. 
 
 He did not stayne ne put to lacke or re- 
 buke his royall autoritie in geuing sentence. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p 197. 
 
 LACKSTOCK, a man without money 
 invested in the funds, &c. 
 
 We poor lacklands and lackstocks. Southey, 
 Letters, 1820 (iii. 212). 
 
 LACK-THOUGHT, vacant ; foolish. 
 
 An air 
 
 So lack-thought and so lackadaisycal. 
 
 Southey, To A. Cunningham. 
 
 LACQUEIAN, pertaining to a lackey : a 
 word coined to represent a coined word 
 in the original, lacayuna. 
 
 Love would not lose the opportunity 
 offered him of triumphing over a lacqueian 
 heart. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 LACRYMALS, tears. 
 
 Something else I said that made her 
 laugh in the midst of her lacrymals. Rich- 
 ardson, Grandison, vi. 317. 
 
 LACUNE, a gap. 
 
 It is plain that after them there is a lacune 
 or blauk which is to be filled up with the 
 king's death. North, Examen, p. 149. 
 
 LADAGE, boyhood. 
 
 Heer I have past my ladaye fair and good, 
 Heer first the soft down on my cheek did 
 bud. Sylvester, The Vocation, 170. 
 
 LADDER TO HEAVEN. There are two 
 plants to whicli this name is given : 
 Polemonium cceruleum, also called 
 Jacob's ladder ; and Polygonatum 
 multiflorum, sometimes styled Solo- 
 mon's seal. See Britten and Holland's 
 Eng. Plant Names (E. D. S.). 
 
 I ornamented it with a rich wreath of 
 roses, entwined with certain other flowers, 
 famed for their close connection with such 
 exploits, such as love and idleness, heart's 
 ease, ladder to heaven, lords and ladies, love 
 in a mist, none so pretty, true love of Canada, 
 and bachelor's buttons. Fares, Thinks-I-to- 
 myself, ii. 41. 
 
 LADDESS, a girl. 
 
 I know he is a very amiable lad, and I do 
 not know that she is not as amiable a laddess. 
 Walpole, Letters, iii. 243 (1768). 
 
 LADIES LOVE. This plant is not 
 noticed in Britten and Holland's Ewj. 
 Plant Names. 
 
 His cap was made of ladyes loue, 
 So wondrous light that it did nioue 
 If any humming gnat or flie 
 Buz'd the aire in passing by. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 481. 
 
 LADS-LOVE, southern-wood. Boy's- 
 love is given as a name of this plant in 
 Britten's Beauties of Wiltshire, 1825. 
 
 She gathered a piece of southern-wood, 
 and stuffed it up her nose by way of smell- 
 ing it. ""What.ten you call this in your 
 country ? " asked she. " Old man," replied 
 Ruth. ""We call it here lad's-love." Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Euth, ch. xviii. 
 
 LADY, to play the lady. 
 
 A Jacke will be a gentleman 
 A mistris Needens lady it at least. 
 
 Breton, PasquiVs Madcappe, p. 10. 
 
 LADY, wife : this vulgarism is not so 
 very modern. The extract is from a 
 letter of Ph. Skippon, 1644. 
 
 General Rutheu's lady was taken seven 
 or eight miles hence this day. Rushicorth, 
 Pt. III. Vol. II. p. 723. 
 
 LADY-CLOCK, lady-bird. 
 
 You're not turning your head to look after 
 some moths, are you ? That was only a lady- 
 clock, child, ' flying away home.' C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xxiii. 
 
 LADY-COW, a lady-bird : in the first 
 extract it is addressed as a term of 
 reproach by Goliath to David. 
 O Lady-cow, 
 
 Thou shalt no more bestar thy wanton brow 
 "With thine eyes rayes. 
 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, p. 274. 
 A pair of buskings they did bring 
 Of the coic-ladyes currall winge. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 475. 
 
 LADY OF PLEASURE, a courtesan. 
 North has "lady of diversion. 1 ' See 
 quotation s. v. SHAM. 
 
 Thence the king walked to the Dutchess 
 of Cleveland, another lady of pleasure and 
 curse of our nation. Evelyn, Diary, March 
 5, 1671. 
 
 Now I find that the strict pretences which 
 the ladies of pleasure make to strict modesty 
 is the reason why those of quality are 
 asham'd to wear it. Farquhar, Constant 
 Couple, Act III. 
 
 You may rig out a first rate ship at less 
 expense than a lady of pleasure : she mi st
 
 LADY OF THE LAKE ( 368 ) 
 
 LAITH 
 
 appear at Hyde Park with a glittering equip- 
 age, and shroud the scandal of her life under 
 a veil of embroidery. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 288. 
 
 LADY OF THE LAKE, a courtesan ; 
 from the old romance of Sir Lancelot 
 and the Lady of the Lake. 
 
 All women would be of one piece, 
 The virtuous matron and the miss ; 
 The nymphs of chaste Diana's train, 
 The same with those in Lewkner's Lane, 
 But for the difference marriage makes 
 Twixt wives and Ladies of the Lakes. 
 
 Hudibras, III. i. 868. 
 Our Lady of the Lake 
 In mistick praise of Collin spake. 
 
 D' Urfey, Collin' s Walk, cant, iv. 
 
 LADY'S FINGER, a species of potato; 
 also the kidney-vetch, the flowers of 
 which are yellow, but on some of the 
 Cornish cliffs and a few other places 
 they are crimson, purple, cream-coloured 
 and white. 
 
 They have buried the fingers and toes, 
 Bloudie Jacke, 
 
 Of the victims so lately your prey ; 
 
 From those fingers and eight toes 
 
 Sprang early potatoes, 
 
 ' Ladyes' Fynyers ' they'r called to this day, 
 So they say, 
 
 And you usually dig them in May. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Bloudie Jacke). 
 
 Each has . . its ridge of brown sand, bright 
 with golden trefoil and crimson lady's-Jinyer. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. vi. 
 
 LADY'S FINGERS, a species of biscuit, 
 BO called from the shape. See quota- 
 tion s. v. PARLIAMENT. 
 
 " Fetch me that ottoman, and prithe keep 
 Your voice low," said the Emperor, "and 
 
 steep 
 Some lady's fingers nice in Candy wine." 
 
 Keats, Cap and Bells, st. 48. 
 
 LADY'S SLIPPER. Cypripedium cal- 
 ceolus, an orchidaceous plant. 
 
 Charles . . . walked beside William across 
 the spring meadows, through the lengthen- 
 ing grass, through the calthas and the 
 orchises and the ladies slippers, and the 
 cowslips and the fritillaries, through the 
 budding garden which one finds in spring 
 among the English meadows. H. Kinysley, 
 Ravenshoe, ch. Ixv. 
 
 LAG, to steal : in the second extract 
 lagged = caught. 
 
 Some come away lag 
 In bottle and bag. 
 Some steele for a jest 
 Eggs out of the nest. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 54. 
 
 Poore cunnie so bagged 
 Is soone ouer lagged. 
 
 Ibid., p. 86. 
 
 LAG, to imprison or transport: also 
 a convict. Cf . preceding entry. 
 
 "He is my brother on one side of the 
 house at least," said Lord Etherington, " and 
 I should not much like to have him lagged 
 for forgery." Scott, S. Ronan's Well, ii. 201. 
 
 They'll ask no questions after him, fear 
 they should be obliged to prosecute, and so 
 get him lagged. Oliver Ttrist, ch. xvi. 
 
 At last he fell in with two old lays who 
 had a deadly grudge against the captain. 
 Reade, Never too late to mend, ch. Ix. 
 
 LAGE, cant term for wash, and so, 
 poor thin drink. 
 
 I bowse no lage, but a whole gage 
 Of this I bowse to you. 
 
 Broome, A Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 LAGGOOSE, laggard. 
 Beware of Gill laggoose, disordering the 
 
 house, 
 Mo dainties who catcheth than craftie fed 
 
 mouse. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 174. 
 
 LAID, laid down as to sleep. 
 Pol. The maids and her half-valentine have 
 
 plied her 
 With courtesy of the bride-cake and the 
 
 bowl, 
 
 As she is laid awhile. 
 Lady T. Oh, let her rest. 
 
 Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 5. 
 They that have drunk " the cup of slum- 
 ber" had need to be bidden "awake and 
 stand up," for they are sluggish and laid. 
 Adams, i. 169. 
 
 LAIR. Peacock (Manley and Cor- 
 ringham Glossary, E. D. S.) gives 
 Layer, i. e. lair, " the place where cattle 
 lie " hence perhaps applied in extracts 
 to rabbits of the same litter or stock ; 
 for this seems the meaning. 
 
 His bride and hee were both rabbets of 
 one laier. Breton, Merry Wonders, p. 8. 
 
 A warrener propounded to Thomas Earl of 
 Exeter, that he should have a burrough of 
 rabbets of what colour he pleased. " Let 
 them be all white-skinned," says that good 
 Earl. The undertaker killed up all the rest, 
 and sold them away, but the white lair. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 166. 
 
 LAIRED. See extract. 
 
 In Scotland also, cattle venturing in a 
 quaking moss are often mired or laired, as it 
 is called. Lyell, Princ. of Geoloyy, ii. 510 
 (12th ed.). ' 
 
 LAITH, a barn. See H. s. v. lathe. 
 T' maister's down i' t' fowld. Go round 
 by th' end of laith, if ye we went to spake
 
 LAKELET 
 
 ( 369 ) LANDFETHER 
 
 to him. E. Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 LAKELET, a little lake. 
 
 Around the lotus stem 
 
 It rippled, and the sacred flowers, that crown 
 The lakelet with their roseate beauty, ride 
 In easy waving rock'd from side to side. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, xiii. 6. 
 
 The Chateau de Versailles, ending in royal 
 parks and pleasances, gleaming lakelets, ar- 
 bours, labyrinths. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. 
 Bk. VII. ch. vi. 
 
 LAKISH, wet ; having lakes or tarns. 
 I'll pass the Alps, and up to Meroe, 
 I know he knows that watery lakish hill. 
 
 Greene, Orl. Fur., p. 104. 
 
 LAMB, the name formerly given to a 
 dupe ; pigeon is the term now employed. 
 "When a young gentleman or apprentice 
 comes into this school of virtue unskilled in 
 the quibbles and devices there practised, they 
 call him a lamb; then a rook (who is pro- 
 perly the wolf) follows him close and . . . 
 gets all his money, and then they smile and 
 say, "The lamb is bitten" The Nicker 
 Nicked, 1669 (Harl. Misc., ii. 109). 
 
 LAMB, to beat. See H. s. v. lam. 
 Bes. Gentlemen, you hear my lord is sorry. 
 Bac. Not that I have beaten you, but 
 beaten one that will be beaten ; one whose 
 , dull body will require a lamming, as surfeits 
 do the diet spring and fall. 
 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, King and no King, 
 
 Act V. 
 
 I once saw the late Duke of Grafton at 
 fisticufs in the open street with such a fellow 
 whom he lamVd most horribly. Misson, 
 Travels in Eng., p. 306. 
 If Mil wood were here, dash my wigs ! 
 Quoth he I would pummel and lam her well. 
 H. and J. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 183. 
 
 LAMBETH ALE, seems from the extract 
 to have been brisk and not heady. 
 
 Ha, ha, ha, faith she is pert and small like 
 Lambeth ale. The Successful Pyrate, ii. 1. 
 
 LAMBLING, lambkin. 
 For if of Nothing any thing could spring, 
 Th' earth without seed should wheat and 
 
 barley bring : 
 
 The Hart in Water should itself ingender, 
 The Whale on Land, in Aire the Lambling 
 tender. 
 
 Sylvester, second day, first week, 181. 
 
 LAMETER, a cripple. 
 
 He was for many a day after confined to 
 the house with two sore legs ; and it was 
 feared he would have been a lameter for life. 
 Gait, The Provost, ch. x. 
 
 Ay well ! they're out o' hearing o' my 
 moralities : I'd better find a lameter like my 
 sen to preach to, for it's not ivery body has 
 t' luck t' clargy has of saying their say out, 
 whether folks likes it or not. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. ii. 
 
 LAMMAS. Latter Lammas never ; 
 the Greek Calends. 
 
 I see many writers which draw their sent- 
 ences in length, and make an end at latter 
 Lammas: for commonly before they end, 
 the reader hath forgotten where he begon. 
 Gascoigne, Instruction, &c., p. 40. 
 This is the cause (beleue me now my lorde) 
 
 That courtiers thriue at latter Lammas day. 
 Ibid., Steele Glas, p. 55. 
 
 But where do those qualifications concur ? 
 The very expectation of them puts me in 
 mind of latter Lammas. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 4. 
 
 He is writing a treatise on the principles 
 of Beauty which will be published probably 
 about the time the Thames is purified, in 
 the season of latter Lammas, and the Greek 
 Kalends. Kingdey, Tico Years Ago, ch. vii. 
 
 LAMPFULL, starry. Sylvester speaks 
 of the rainbow as 
 
 A temporall beauty of the lampfull skies, 
 Where powerful 1 nature showes her freshest 
 
 dies. The Arke, 500. 
 
 LANCINATION, cutting. 
 
 Judah his portion made many incisures 
 and lancinations into the tribe of Simecn, 
 hindering the entireness thereof. Fuller, 
 Pisgah Sight, Bk. V. ch. xii. 
 
 LAND, the portion of land included 
 between two water - furrows in a 
 ploughed field. 
 
 Another [groom] who had a box, wherein 
 was money, apparell and other things of 
 value, left it in a land of standing corne. 
 Apprehension of Cavalliers at Brackley in 
 Northamptonshire, 1642, p. 7. 
 
 LANDAU, a carriage, the top of which 
 may be opened or shut at pleasure, so 
 named from a town in Germany where 
 these vehicles were manufactured. The 
 first extract is quoted in a note to the 
 Poetry of the Antijacobin. 
 So bright, its folding canopy withdrawn 
 Glides the gilt landau o'er the velvet lawn. 
 
 Darvrin, Loves of the Plants, c. i. 
 He came back again, bringing with him a 
 landau, which could be shut for the home- 
 ward journey at night. Black, Princess of 
 Thule, ch. x. 
 
 LANDFETHER, a bay. H. gives 
 " Landfeather, a bay of the sea ; " he 
 B B
 
 LANDSHARKS ( 370 ) 
 
 LAPIDATE 
 
 has no example: in the extract the 
 word is applied to a smaller inlet. 
 
 The south baye or land/ether of the great 
 since. Discourse of Dover Haven, temp. 
 Elizabeth* (Arch., xi. 236). 
 
 LANDSHABKS, grasping-men, cheats, 
 thieves. 
 
 Can't trust these landsharks ; they'll 
 plunder even the rings off a corpse's fingers. 
 Kinysley, Two Years Ayo, ch. iv. 
 
 LANDSLIDE, landslip, which is the 
 commoner word. 
 
 He will get himself . . . slain by a land-slide, 
 like the agricultural King Ouund. Emerson, 
 Eng. Traits, ch. iv. 
 
 LANE, the throat : more usually called 
 the red lane. 
 M. Mumb. And sweete malte maketh ioly 
 
 good ale for the nones ; 
 Tib Talk. Whiche will slide downe the lane 
 
 without any bones. 
 
 Udal. Roister Doister, i. 3. 
 
 Whole mainor places and also whole lord- 
 ships, thei make no bones ne sticke not quite 
 and clene to swallow downe the narrowe 
 lane, and the same to spve vp again. Ibid., 
 Erasmus's Apophth,., p. 133. 
 
 butter'd egg, best eaten with a spoon, 
 
 1 bid your yelk glide down my throat's red 
 lane. Colmar, Poetical Vagaries, p. 75. 
 
 LANGOLD, bound together. See H. 
 s. v. lanyele. 
 
 If one had angels daily ascending and de- 
 scending as Jacob had, to comfort him, it 
 were not so comfortable ; or if lanyold or 
 coupled to devils no more terrible. Ward, 
 Sermons, p. 98. 
 
 LANGOESCENT, growing languid or 
 tired. 
 
 The languescent mercenary Fifteen Thou- 
 sand laid down their tools. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 LANGUET, a tongue of land. 
 
 A little lanyuet of land like a tongue thrust 
 out .... Oa this lanyuet I saw standing 
 .... Yarmouth. Holland's Camden, p. 476. 
 
 LANGUIFY, to languish. 
 
 The plot . . . began to languify, and must 
 have gone out like a snuff, if this murder 
 had not happened. North, Examen, p. 197. 
 
 The zeal of the prosecution began to 
 lanyuefy. Ibid. p. 250. 
 
 LANK, thinness. R. gives lank as a 
 substantive, but no example. Fuller 
 writes that four colleges were founded 
 at Cambridge within seven years, and 
 that then nearly a century passed with- 
 
 out any being built. In the marginal 
 summary of this paragraph he puts, 
 
 A bank and a lank of charitie. Hist, of 
 Camb. Univ., iii. 16. 
 
 This Joseph collected from the present 
 plenty, that a future famine would follow ; 
 as in this kind a Lank constantly attends the 
 Bank. Ibid., Worthies, Salop (ii. 263). 
 
 He had neither a bank of wealth or lank 
 of want ; living in a competent condition. 
 Ibid., Somerset (ii. 288). 
 
 LANTERNMAN, used as a term of 
 reproach, apparently = a stinkard ; 
 perhaps as smelling of lamp-oil. 
 
 We will trownse him in a circle, and 
 make him tell what lanterneman or groome 
 of Hecate's close-stoole he is, that thus ne- 
 fariously and proditoriously profanes and 
 penetrates our holy father's nostrils. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stiiffe (Hart. Misc., vi. 173). 
 
 LANTHORNED, lighted, as with a lant- 
 horn. 
 
 Were it midnight, I should walk 
 $>Q\i-lanthorn'd, saturate with sunbeams. 
 
 Southey, Nondescripts, iii. 
 
 LANTHORN-STAIRS. See quotation. 
 
 In the midst of the said body of building 
 there was a pair of winding, such as we now 
 call lanthorn-stairs. Urquhart's Rabelais,!^. 
 I. ch. liii. 
 
 LAP, course. The word frequently oc- 
 curs in accounts of pedestrian mutches, 
 the lap being the length along which 
 the competitors have to go to and fro a 
 certain number of times. 
 
 When their lap is finished, the cautious 
 huntsman to this kennel gathers the nimble- 
 footed hounds. Fieldiny, Jonathan Wild, 
 Bk. I. ch. xiv. 
 
 LAP, porridge : a cant term. See 
 extract in H. s. v. pannam. 
 
 Here's pannam and lap, and good poplars 
 of Yarrum. Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 LAP-CHILD, a baby dandled in a lap. 
 Cf. LAPDOG. 
 
 In springs Roger of York, and finding 
 Canterbury so seated, fairly sits him down 
 on Canterburie's lap (a baby too big to be 
 danced thereon), yea, Cauterburie his ser- 
 vants dandled this lap-ehilde with a witness, 
 who plucked him thence and buffeted him to 
 purpose. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. iii. 3. 
 
 LAPIDATE, to stone. 
 
 A professorship at Hertford is well 
 imagined, and if he can keep clear of con- 
 tusions at the annual peltings, all will be 
 well. The season for lapidating the profess- 
 ors is now at hand. Sydney Smith to Lady 
 Holland, 1810.
 
 LAPLAND 
 
 LAUGH 
 
 I have been in the catacombs caves very 
 curious indeed we were lapidated by the 
 natives, pebbled to some purpose, I give you 
 my word. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 207. 
 
 LAPLAND. Lapland was famous for 
 witches ; they were supposed to be 
 able to sell winds to sailors. The first 
 extract is from some commendatory 
 verses prefixed to Lawes's Ay-res and 
 Dialogues, 1653. 
 
 Hence all the Ayres flow pure and unconfin'd, 
 Blown by no mercenary Lapland wind, 
 No stolen orplunder'd fancies, but born free, 
 And so transmitted to Posteritie. 
 
 F. Finch. 
 
 O enigmatical rod which, like the stick of 
 a Lapland charmer, after an hasty, dirty, em- 
 barrassed journey, most ungraciously throws 
 or destroys its rider. Hue and Cry after Dr. 
 Swift, p. 18 (1714). 
 
 LARCHEN, of larch. Cf. ELDERN ; 
 
 HOLMEN. 
 
 Her brothers were the craggy hills, 
 
 Her sisters larchen trees ; 
 Alone with her great family 
 She lived as she did please. 
 
 Keats, Meg Merrilies. 
 
 L ARCHER, larch. 
 
 TTIVKII, the larcher tree, whose gum is 
 exceeding bitter. Chapman, Iliad, xv., 
 Comment. 
 
 LARgoN, a filcher : used apparently as 
 an English word, except that it has the 
 cedille. 
 
 Strong thieves should live ; only some poor 
 petty larqons and pilferers should come to 
 execution. Bishop Hall, Works, v. 181. 
 
 LARDER, a washing-place ; perhaps a 
 misprint for launder. 
 
 Sins of a lesser size never trouble us ; we 
 mind not the washing of them with a few 
 sorrowful tears ; but when a great sin comes 
 and disquiets the conscience, then repent- 
 ance, that old laundress, is called for, and 
 in that larder we wash out both the great 
 offences and the rest. Adams, iii. 273. 
 
 LARG. Largo in music, slowly : larg 
 therefore, I suppose, is a slow note, 
 one to be dwelt upon. 
 
 O let the longest Largs be shortest Briefes 
 In this discordant note. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 81. 
 
 LARGITION, bounty. 
 
 As wise Spotswood says upon Malcolm the 
 Second, necessity is the companion of im- 
 moderate laryition. and forceth to unlawful 
 shifts. Racket, Life of Williams, i. 225. 
 
 LARRUP, to beat (slang). 
 
 There was no rope-dancing for me; I 
 danced on the bare ground, and was larruped 
 with the rope. Dickens, Hard Times, ch. v. 
 
 LASHLESS, without lashes. 
 
 His lashless eyelids stretch 
 Around his demon eyes. 
 
 Keats, Lamia, Pt. II. 
 
 LASK, to suffer from diarrhoea : un- 
 common as a verb. 
 
 So soft childhood puling 
 Is wrung with worms begot of crudity, 
 Are [and?] apt to laske through much hu- 
 midity. Sylvester, The Furies, 529. 
 
 LAST, endurance. 
 
 It's a fair trial of skill and last between 
 us, like a match at football or a battle. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown's Schooldays, Pt. II. ch, 
 vii. 
 
 LATIFDNDIAN, wide-spread. 
 
 The matters [were] openly transacted, and 
 never opposed or contradicted in any single 
 fact affirmed in it, although the interest of a 
 very latifundian faction was concerned. 
 North, Examen, p. 414. 
 
 LATIMER. See quotation ; also H. 
 and L. 
 
 Latimer is the corruption of Latiner ; it 
 signifies he that interprets Latin ; and though 
 he interpreted French, Spanish, or Italian, he 
 was called the King's Latiner, that is, the 
 King's interpreter. Selden, Table Talk, p. 
 179. 
 
 LATINLESS, without a knowledge of 
 Latin. 
 
 Latinlesse dolts, saturnine heavy-headed 
 blunderers, my invective hath relation to. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 176). 
 
 You remember it in Claudian, eh, Pelham ? 
 Think of its being thrown away on those 
 Latinless young lubbers. Lytton, Pelham, 
 ch. xxii. 
 
 LATION, "among philosophers, is the 
 translation or motion of the natural 
 body from one place to another in a 
 right line " (Bailey's Diet.). 
 
 Make me a heaven ; and make me there 
 Many a lesse and greater spheare ; 
 Make me the straight and oblique lines, 
 The motions, lotions, and the signs. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 48. 
 
 LATISH. rather late. 
 Dinner . . . will be a little latish to-day. 
 Richardson, Pamela, ii. 172. 
 
 LATTER-MINT, a later species of mint 
 
 (?) 
 
 Savory, latter-mint, and columbines. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. IV. 
 
 LAUGH. A person who is disap- 
 pointed, and so is sad when he had 
 
 B B 2
 
 LA UNCH 
 
 ( 372 ) 
 
 LAXITY 
 
 hoped to rejoice, is said to laiigh or 
 smile on the wrong side of his mouth or 
 face. 
 
 Little knowest thou, laughing Joaillier- 
 Bijoutier, great in thy pride of place, in thy 
 pride of savoir-faire, what the world ha in 
 store for thee. Thou laughest there ; by- 
 and-by thou wilt laugh on the icrony side of 
 thy face mainly. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 Ladies may smile, but they would smile on 
 the wrong side of their pretty little mouths, if 
 they had been treated as I have been. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xxvi. 
 
 LAUNCH, to lance ; also a lancing. 
 
 If I shal perceaue that it shal be to yonr 
 welth, I will not sticke to giue you a launch 
 or two. Traheron, 1558 (Maitland on Reform- 
 ation, p. 80). 
 
 Wherefore at my handes you shal loke to 
 haue your boils launched, and to haue cor- 
 rosies and smarting plaisters laied vpou them 
 vntil thei be cured. Ibid. (Ib. p. 82). 
 
 LAUBIZED, crowned with laurel. 
 Our humble notes, though little noted now, 
 JLauriz'd hereafter. 
 
 Sylvester, Posthumous Sonnets, III. 
 
 LAUTITIOUS, costly. 
 
 To sup with thee thou didst me home invite, 
 And mad'st a promise that mine appetite 
 Sho'd meet and tire on such lautitious meat, 
 The like not Heliogabalus did eat. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 281. 
 
 LAVENDER, to perfume with lavender. 
 See quotation s. v. HORSINESS. 
 
 The solemn clerk goes lavender'd and shorn, 
 Nor stoops his back to the ungodly pair. 
 Hood, Two Peacocks of Bedfont. 
 
 LAVISH, expenditure. 
 Such lavish will I make of Turkish blood, 
 That Jove shall send his winged messenger 
 To bid me sheathe my sword and leave the 
 
 field. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, i. 3. 
 
 "Would Atropos would cut my vital thread, 
 And so make lavish of my loathed life. 
 
 Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., 
 iii. 323). 
 
 LAVOLTO, to leap high as in the lavolta 
 dance. See N. s. v. 
 
 Do but marke him on your walles, any 
 morning at that season, how he sallies and 
 lavoltos. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 164). 
 
 LAW, a start, or an allowance of time. 
 In the first extract it = licence. Fuller, 
 more suo, puns upon that word. 
 
 Thou canst give such law 
 To thy detractive speeches. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 154. 
 
 This winged Pegasus posts and speeds 
 after men, easily gives them lair, fetches 
 them up again, gallops and swallows the 
 ground he goes. Ward, Sermons, p. 55. 
 
 These late years of our Civil Wars have 
 been very destructive unto them ; and no 
 wouder if no Law hath been given te Hares, 
 when so little hath been observed toward 
 men. Fuller, Worthies, Bucks. 
 
 LAW, to litigate. 
 
 Sir Samuel Bernardiston brought a writ of 
 error of this Exchequer chamber judgment 
 into the House of Lords, and there the 
 Knight lawed by himself, for no person 
 opposed him. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 103. 
 
 LAWDAUGHTER, daughter in law. 
 
 And Hecuba old Princesse dyd I see, with 
 
 number, an hundred 
 Lawdauyleters. Stanyhurst, ^En.,ii. 526. 
 
 LAWE, monumental tumulus of 
 stones. 
 
 [Certain hills in Northumberland] where- 
 upon (and that is wonderfull) there be many 
 very great heapes of stone, called La ices, 
 which the neighbour inhabitants be verily 
 perswaded were in old time cast up and layd 
 together, in remembrance of some there 
 slaiue. Holland's Camden, p. 802. 
 
 LAWFATHER, father in law. Chorae- 
 bus is spoken of as 
 
 Soon to King Priamus by law ; thus he laic- 
 father helping. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 354. 
 
 LAWINO, cutting claws off a dog's 
 foot to prevent him from hunting. 
 See quotation s. v. UNLAWED. L. has 
 lawing, but with meagre explanation. 
 
 LAWN (?), apparently some sort of 
 torture or punishment. 
 
 Here thou shrinkest to think of the gout, 
 colic, stone, or strangurian, shiverest to hear 
 of the strappado, the rack, or the lawn. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 60. 
 
 LAWN, to make into lawn. 
 Give me taste to improve an old family seat 
 By lawninc/ an hundred good acres of wheat. 
 Anstey, New Bath Guide, Conclusion. 
 
 LAX, to relax. 
 
 An extream fear and an extream ardour 
 of courage do equally trouble aud lax the 
 belly. Cotton's Montaigne, ch. xli. 
 
 LAXITY, roominess. 
 
 The hills in Palestine generally had in 
 their sides plenty of caves, and those of 
 such laxity and receipt that ours in England 
 are but conny-boroughs, if compared to the 
 palaces which those hollow places afforded. 
 Fuller, Pisgah Sight, II. v. 5.
 
 LAY 
 
 ( 373 ) 
 
 LEAN- TO 
 
 LAY. law. 
 
 'Tis churchman's lay and verity 
 To live in love and charity. 
 
 P eele, Edward I., p. 381. 
 
 LAY, a scheme or plan ; especially 
 applied to the projects of thieves, or to 
 the special line of dishonesty that they 
 adopt. 
 
 I have found them out to be sure, and 
 well I might ; for it was I first set them on 
 the lay. Johnston, Chrysal, ch. xxviii. 
 
 " The Kinchins, my dear," said Fagin, " is 
 the young children that's sent on errands by 
 their mothers with sixpences and shillings ; 
 and the lay is just to take their money away 
 they've always got it ready in their hands 
 then knock 'em into the kennel, and walk 
 off very slow, as if there were nothing else 
 the matter but a child fallen down and hurt 
 itself. Dickens, Oliver Ticist, ch. xlii. 
 
 LAYERY, growing in layers. 
 From thick to thick, from hedge to layery 
 beech. Leigh Hunt, Foliage, p. 9. 
 
 LAY-HOLDING, seizing ; apprehend- 
 ing. 
 
 Laid hold on him with most lay-holding 
 grace. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 89. 
 
 LAYSTOW, a dnngheap ; the place 
 where dirt is deposited : usually written 
 laystall. H. notices the spelling lay- 
 stoare. 
 
 In Cyclops kennel, thee laystow dirtye, the 
 foule den. Stanyhurst, jn., iii. 628. 
 
 LAZAROUS, leprous ; diseased. 
 
 Our godly sorrow for our sins is like the 
 pool of Bethesda ; when that angel from 
 heaven, gracious Repentance, hath troubled 
 the waters, the lazarous soul does but step 
 into them, and is cured. Adams, iii. 299. 
 
 LAZE, laziness ; inaction : the verb is 
 not uncommon. 
 
 Thus folded in a hard and mournful laze, 
 Distress'd sat he. 
 
 Greene (from Never too Late), p. 301. 
 
 LAZYBONES, slothful person. 
 Goe tell the labourers that the lazie bones, 
 That will not worke, must seeke the beggars 
 
 games. 
 
 Breton, Pasquil's Madcappe, p. 12. 
 
 Come on, can't yer? what a lazybones yer 
 are, Charlotte. Dickens, Oliver Tvrist, ch. 
 xlii. 
 
 " We want to get into your shop." " What 
 for in Heaven's name ? " " Shoon, lazybones." 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxiv. 
 
 LAZYBOOTS, same as lazybones ; the 
 word alludes, I suppose, to the lagging 
 tread of an indolent person. 
 
 Nancy, as might ha' watched, is gone to 
 her bed this hour past, like a lazyboots as she 
 is. Mrs. Gas/cell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xxxv. 
 
 LEADEN-SPIRITED, dull ; depressed. 
 Let leane-fac'd leaden-spirited Saturuists 
 (Who, madde with melancholy, mirth detest) 
 Prate what they list. 
 
 Davies, Humours Heaven on Earth. 
 p. 10. 
 
 LEADERS, the fore - horses ; as dis- 
 tinguished from the wheelers who are 
 next the carriage. 
 
 St. Foix takes a post-chaise, 
 With for wheelers two bays, and for leaders 
 two grays. 
 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Black Mousquetaire). 
 
 LEADS, a roof ; so a thanks, a pains, 
 a stews, &c. 
 
 If the mind of any man be so exalted that 
 he looketh down on his brethren as if he 
 stood on the top of a leads, and not on the 
 same ground they do, that man is high- 
 minded. Andrewes, Sermons, v. 13. 
 
 LEAF. To turn over a new leaf = 
 to reform. See extract s. v. MAT. 
 
 Except such men think themselves wiser 
 than Cicero for teaching of eloquence, they 
 must be content to turn a new leaf. Ascham, 
 Schoolmaster, p. 155. 
 
 Ye daily only consult how to delude and 
 abuse the country ; . . . but ye shall see now 
 it hath found your knavery, it will shortly 
 turn you over another leaf. British Bellman, 
 1648 (Harl. Misc., vii. 632). 
 
 Sir Charles Grandison's great behaviour, 
 as he justly called it, had made such impres- 
 sions, not only upon him, but upon Mr. 
 Merceda, that they were both determined to 
 turn over a new leaf. Richardson, Grandtson, 
 ii. 102. 
 
 LEAF, flap of a hat. 
 
 Harry let down the leaf of his hat, and 
 drew it over his eyes to conceal his emotions. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 129. 
 
 LEAFINESS, show of leaves. 
 
 But for these barren fig-trees, 
 With all their flourish and their leaftness, 
 We have been told their destiny and use. 
 
 Southey, Alderman's Funeral. 
 
 LEAN, to make lean. 
 
 The spiritual [dropsy] likewise, though it 
 leans the carcase, lards the conscience. 
 Adams, i. 481. 
 
 LEAN-TO, a shed attached to and 
 partly supported by another building : 
 used also adjectivally. 
 
 The poor leper approached the church 
 under an extended pent-house or lean-to. 
 Archaol., xxiii. 107 (1830). 
 
 Piety does not save the bed-ridden old
 
 LEAP 
 
 ( 374 ) 
 
 LEGIONED 
 
 dame, bed-ridden in the lean-to garret, who 
 moans, It is the Lord, and dies. Kingsley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. xvii. 
 
 She nodded her head in the direction of 
 the door opening out of the house-place into 
 the lean-to, which Sylvia had observed on 
 drawing near the cottage. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xliii. 
 
 LEAP, a weel or trap to catch fish. 
 
 The basket-makers now gather their rods, 
 and the fishers lay their leapes in the deep. 
 Breton, Fantastickes (October). 
 
 LEAP. To take a leap in the dark = 
 to die. Cf. Rabelais's dying speech, 
 Je men vay chercher un grand peut- 
 estre, which Motteux translates, " I am 
 just going to leap into the dark." The 
 phrase is now often applied to any 
 action of which the consequences can- 
 not be foreseen. 
 
 My fever had brought me to a very low 
 condition, so that I expected every moment 
 when I should takt a leap in the dark. T. 
 Brown, Works, iii. 212. 
 
 LEARNABLE, capable of being learnt. 
 
 These be mysteries, yet in some measure 
 learnable ; great depths, yet we may safely 
 wade in them. Adams, iii. 98. 
 
 When the lesson comes, if it does come, I 
 suppose it will come in some learnable shape. 
 Kinysley, Two Years Ayo, ch. xviii. 
 
 LEAT, an artificial water channel. 
 See MILL LEAT. 
 
 Plymouth Leat. This artificial brook is 
 taken out of the river Mew, towards its 
 source at the foot of Sheepston Tor in a 
 wild mountain dell. Leat, Late, or Lake, as 
 it is sometimes pronounced, is perhaps a 
 corruption of lead or conductor, being ap- 
 plied, I believe, to any artificial channel for 
 cond acting water. Marshall, Rural Economy 
 of W. ofEny., ii. 269 (1796). 
 
 I have a project to bring down a leat of 
 fair water from the hill-tops right into 
 Plymouth town. C. Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 LEATHER, to beat. Cf. to HIDE. 
 
 If you think I could carry my point, I 
 would so swinge and leather my lambkin ; 
 God ! I would so curry and claw her. Foote, 
 Mayor of Garret, Act I. 
 
 We shall hev a pretty house wi' him if 
 she doesn't come back ; he'll want to be 
 leatherin us, I shouldn't wonder. He must 
 hev somethin' fill-use when he's in a pas- 
 sion. G. Eliot, Janet's Repentance, ch. rxi. 
 
 LEBANONIAN, pertaining to Lebanon. 
 
 He the wisest man 
 
 Feasted the woman wisest then, in halls 
 Of Lebanonian cedar. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, II. 
 
 LECTURESS, a female lecturer. 
 
 " But," continued the animated lecturess, 
 " you must understand me." Th. Hook, Man 
 of many Friends. 
 
 LEE-GAGE, the lee or unexposed side. 
 Cf. WEATHER-GAGE. 
 
 He is a quick apprehensive knave, who sees 
 his neighbour's blind side, and knows how to 
 keep the lee-gage when his passions are blow- 
 ing high. Scott, Ivanhoe, ii. 295. 
 
 LEEK? 
 
 O magistrates, who (to contract the great) 
 Make sale of justice on your sacred seat ; 
 And, breaking laws for bribes, profane your 
 
 place 
 To leaue a leek to your vnthankfull race. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first weeke, 515. 
 
 LEER, to sneak away, to go oblique- 
 ly, usually applied to the glance. 
 
 I met him once in the streets, but he 
 leered away on the other side, as one 
 ashamed of what he had done. Pilgrim's 
 Progress, Pt. I. p. 117. 
 
 LEER, a leer-eye = an eye glancing 
 on all sides ; in the quotation from 
 Jonson leer = left. 
 
 Clay with his hat turn'd up o' the leer side 
 too. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 
 
 A suspitious or jealous man is one that 
 watches himselfe a mischiefe, and keepes a 
 leare eye still, for feare it should escape him. 
 Earle, Microcosmoyraphie, No. 78. 
 
 LEFT. Over the left, implies incredul- 
 ity or contradiction of what has been 
 said. 
 
 With Mr. Solmes you will have something 
 to keep account of, for the sake of you and 
 your children : with the other, perhaps you 
 will have an account to keep too ; but an 
 account of what will go over the left shoulder ; 
 only of what he squanders, what he borrows, 
 and what he owes, and never will pay. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, i. 242. 
 
 LEG, to make a leg or obedience. 
 
 The fool doth pass the guard now, 
 
 He'll kiss his hand and leg it. 
 
 Shirley, Bird in a Cage, v. 1. 
 
 LEG-BAIL. To give leg-bail = to run 
 away. Hood has it as a verb. 
 
 He has us now if he could only give us 
 ley-bail again ; and he must be in the same 
 boat with us. Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xix. 
 What a leg to leg-bail Embarrassment's serf! 
 What a leg for a Leg to take on the turf ! 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 LEGIONED, enrolled or formed in a 
 legion ; banded. Cf. REGIMENTED. 
 So once more days and nights aid me along 
 Like leijion'd soldiers. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk II.
 
 LEGIONIZE 
 
 ( 375 ) 
 
 LE VANT 
 
 LEGIONIZE, to form in a legion. 
 Descend, sweet Angels (leyioniz'd iu rankes), 
 And make your Heau'n on His Sepulcher's 
 
 bankes. Dames, Holy Roode, p. 28. 
 
 LEGS. To be on last legs = to be on 
 the point of collapse or dissolution. 
 
 I was on my last legs, gasping and giving 
 up the ghost, for want of the cordial of your 
 correspondence. T. Brown, Works, iii. 237. 
 
 She can't possibly last long, for she's quite 
 upon her last legs. Mad. D Arblay, Cecilia. 
 Bk. VII. ch. v. 
 
 LENGTHY. See quotation. L. does 
 not give the word ; R. says, "Length-y, 
 adj., has lately been introduced (from 
 America ?) ; it is regularly formed, but 
 not wanted : our word is longsome" 
 Pope has lengthful. 
 
 Sometimes a poet when he publishes what 
 in America would be called a lengthy poem 
 with lent/thy annotations, advises the reader 
 in his preface not to read the notes in their 
 places as they occur . . . but to read the 
 poem by itself at first. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. clx. 
 
 This gave so lengthy a look to his thin 
 person. Mrs. Trollope, Michael Armstrong, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 LENTIL-DEW. See extract. 
 
 lentil-dew, a name given to the duckweed, 
 a green mantle of the standing pool, in old 
 herbals. W. Taylor, 1800 (Robberds's Memoir, 
 i. 345). 
 
 LENT-LOVER, a cold platonic lover. 
 
 Leaving a rabble of long prologues and 
 protestations which ordinarily these dolent 
 contemplative lent-lovers (amoreux de quar- 
 esme) make, who never meddle with the 
 flesh. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxi. 
 
 LEPERIZE, to smite with leprosy. 
 Moses by Faith doth Miriam leperize. 
 
 Sylvester, Triumph of Faith, iv. 7. 
 
 LEPRY, leprosy. 
 Such are king's-euils, dropsie, gout, and 
 
 stone, 
 Blood-boyling lepry, and consumption. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 557. 
 
 LESSEN, to soar up or beyond: a tech- 
 nical term in falconry ; derived, I sup- 
 pose, from the fact of the hawk's 
 appearing smaller and smaller as it rises. 
 
 Our two sorrows 
 Work, like two eager hawks, who shall get 
 
 highest ; 
 
 How shall I lessen thine ? for mine, I fear, 
 Is easier known than cur'd. 
 
 Beaum. and Fl., King and No King, iv. 1. 
 In mounting up in Antiquity, like hawks, 
 they did not only lessen, but fly out of sight. 
 Fuller, Worthies, ch. xvi. 
 
 A flight of madness, like a faulcon's lessen- 
 ing, makes them the more gaz'd at. Collier, 
 Eng. Stage, p. 73. 
 
 LETCH, " an idle, foppish fancy" (H.), 
 but in the extract it = strong desire. 
 Robinson ( Whiiby Glossary, E. D. S. ) 
 gives " Lech, pron. letch, lust." 
 And surely if we, rather than revenge 
 The slaughter of our bravest, cry them 
 
 shame, 
 And fall upon our knees, and say we've 
 
 sinn'd, 
 
 Then will the Earl take pity on his thralls, 
 And pardon us our letch for liberty. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. I. ii. 6. 
 
 LETHARGISED, afflicted with lethargy. 
 
 The lethargised is not less sick because 
 he complains not so loud as the aguish. 
 Adams, i. 353. 
 
 LETHARGY, litharge ; white lead, 
 lie onely now emboss my book with brass, 
 Dye 't with vermilion, deck 't with coperass, 
 With gold and silver, lead and mercury, 
 Tin, iron, orpine, stibium, lethargy. 
 
 Sylvester, Third day, first weeke, 903. 
 There among her wreakf til baits she mixes 
 Quicksilver, lithargie and orpiment, 
 Wherewith our entrails are oft gnawn and 
 
 rent. Ibid., The Furies, p. 188. 
 
 LETIFICATION, rejoicing. N. has the 
 verb. 
 The last yeer we shewid you, aiid in this 
 
 place, 
 How the shepherds of Christ by thee made 
 
 letification. 
 Candlemas Day, Introduction (A.D. 1512). 
 
 LEVRIER, a grey-hound (Fr. levrier). 
 
 He hath your grey-hound, your mungrel, 
 your mastiff, your levrier, your spaniel. 
 Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (1606). 
 
 LEVANT. To throw or run a levant is 
 a term in gaming which, as Partridge 
 was not allowed to put his question, I 
 am unable certainly to explain ; it 
 seems from the quotations to mean play- 
 ing without paying, aiid so a man who 
 runs away from his creditors is said to 
 levant. 
 
 Crowd to the hazard table, throw a fa- 
 miliar levant upon some sharp lurching man 
 of quality, and, if he demands his money, 
 turn it off with a loud laugh, and cry you'll 
 owe it him to vex him. Gibber, Prov. Hus- 
 band, Act I. 
 
 " Never mind that, man " [having no money 
 to stake], " e'en boldly, run a levant " (Part- 
 ridge was going to inquire the meaning of 
 the word, but Jones stopped his mouth), 
 " but be circumspect as to the man." Tom 
 Jones, Bk. VIII. ch. xii.
 
 LE VEL 
 
 ( 376 
 
 LICK-PENXY 
 
 LEVEL, tax. H. gives " level, to tax 
 or assess." Breton prays to be de- 
 livered 
 From taking leuell by vnlawfull measure. 
 
 Pasquil's Precession, p. 8. 
 LEVETTIS, leavings. 
 They gave almes, but howe ? 
 "When they have eaten ynowe, 
 
 Their gredy paunches replennisshynge, 
 Then gadder they vp their levettis, 
 Not the best morsels, but gobbettis, 
 Which vnto pover people they deale. 
 
 Eoy and Barlow, Rede me and be 
 
 nott icroth, p. 80. 
 
 For the best meate awaye they carve, 
 Which for their harlottis must serve, 
 
 With wother f rendes of their kynne ; 
 Then proll the servynge officers, 
 With the yemen that be wayters 
 So that their levettis are but thynne. 
 
 Ibid., p. 93. 
 
 LEWIS-HOLE. The Imp. Diet, gives a 
 picture of a lewis, and describes it as 
 " an instrument of iron used in raising 
 large stones to the upper part of a 
 building. It operates by the dove- 
 tailing of one of its ends into an 
 opening in the stone, so formed that 
 no vertical force can detach it." 
 
 The wells are almost entire, and perhaps 
 the work of the Romans, except the upper 
 part, which seems repaired with the ruins of 
 Roman buildings, for the lewis-holes are still 
 left in many of the stones. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Britain, ii. 287. 
 
 LEXICOGRAPHIST, lexicographer. 
 
 It is a pious fancy of the good old lexico- 
 graphist, Adam Littleton, that our Lord took 
 up nis first lodging in a stable amongst the 
 cattle, as if He had come to be the Saviour 
 of them as well as of men. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. 184. 
 
 LIBBARD, leopard ; the word is in 
 the Diets., but with no such recent 
 examples. 
 
 The lion, and the likbard, and the bear 
 
 Graze with the fearless flocks. 
 
 Cowper, Winter's Walk at Noon, 773. 
 Twelve sphered tables by silk seats insphered, 
 High as the level of a man's breast rear'd 
 On libbard's paws. Keats, Lamia. 
 
 LIBEL. Fuller ( Worthies, Lancashire, 
 i. 544) suggests the following punning 
 etymology : " Many a Lyebell (' Lye ' 
 because false ; ' Bell, 1 because loud) 
 was made upon " [Bancroft]. 
 
 LICENTIATE, licentious. 
 
 Our epigrammatarians, old and late, 
 Were wont be blamed for too licentiate. 
 
 Hall, Sat., I. is. 29. 
 
 LICHKNED,- a word signifying the 
 effect produced by an overgrowth of 
 lichens. 
 And there they lay till all their bones were 
 
 bleach 'd, 
 And lichen'd into colour with the crags. 
 
 Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
 
 Under eaves of lichened rock she had a 
 winding passage, which none that ever I 
 knew of durst enter but herself. Black- 
 more, Lorna Doone, ch. xvii. 
 
 You can go close down to the water, and 
 find still pools reflecting the silvei-lichened 
 rocks. Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. 
 xvii. 
 
 LICHENOUS, covered with lichen. 
 
 Her partner's young richness of tint 
 against the flattened hues and rougher forms 
 of her aged head had an effect something 
 like that of a fine flower against a lichenous 
 branch. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 LICK, to thrash. L. has the word 
 with extract from Thackeray, and it is 
 common enough all over England, but 
 Wolcot seems to regard it as a Devon- 
 shire provincialism. 
 
 Who, if she darec 1 to speak or weep, 
 
 He instantly would kick her ; 
 And oft (to use a Devonshire phrase) 
 The gentleman would lick her. 
 
 P. Pindar, p. 305. 
 
 LICK-BOX, a glutton or epicure. 
 Epistemon, describing the occupations 
 and habits of some of the departed in 
 Elysian fields, says, 
 
 Agamemnon a lick - box (lichecasse). 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxx. 
 
 LICK-DISH, a parasite. H. says the 
 phrase liar liar lick-dish is an old one, 
 being found in the tragedy ef Hqfman, 
 1631. The subjoined is 80 years earlier, 
 according to Oldys, though the earliest 
 known edition is 1575. 
 
 Thou Her lickdish, didst not say the neele 
 wold be gitton? Gammer Gurton's Needle, 
 v.2. 
 
 LICKING, a thrashing. 
 
 In vulgar terms, he'd had his licking, 
 Not with Ma'am's cuffs, but by her kicking. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. ch. iii. 
 
 LICKING is used curiously in extract, 
 and seems = painting or anointing. 
 
 Jezebel, for all her licking, is cast out of 
 the window. Bishop Hall, Works, viii. 144. 
 
 LICK -PENNY, something expensive. 
 London Lick -penny is quoted as a 
 proverb in The Citrates Conference, 
 1641 (Harl Misc., i. 498), and in
 
 LICK-PLATTER ( 377 ) 
 
 LIFT 
 
 Fuller (Worthies, London), who re- 
 marks, " The best is ... it is also 
 London get Penny to those who live 
 here, and carefully follow their vo- 
 cations." 
 
 You talked of a law-suit law is a lick- 
 penny, Mr. Tyrrel, no counsellor like the 
 pound in purse. Scott, S. Roman's Well, ch. 
 xxviii. 
 
 LICK-PLATTER, a parasite. 
 
 He had a passion for independence, which, 
 though pushed to excess, was not without 
 grandeur. No lick-platter, no parasite, no 
 toad-eater, no literary beggar, no hunter after 
 patronage and subscriptions. Lytton, My 
 Novel, Bk. VI. ch. xxiii. 
 
 LICK-SPIGOT, a drawer or waiter at a 
 tavern. 
 
 Let the cunningest licke-spiggot swelt his 
 heart out, the beere shal never foame or 
 froath in the cuppe. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. ITS). 
 
 Gnotho. Fill, lick-spigot. 
 
 Drawer. Ad imum, sir. 
 
 Massinyer, Old Laic, IV. i. 
 
 LICK-TRENCHER, parasite. 
 
 Art hardy, noble Huon ? art magnanimous, 
 lick-trencher ? Dekker, Satiromastix (Haio- 
 kins, Eng. Dr., iii. 159). 
 
 LIDDED, covered by the lid, and so 
 
 downcast. 
 
 But the forgotteu eye is still fast lidded to 
 the ground, 
 
 As palmer's that with weariness mid-desert 
 shrine hath found. 
 
 Keats, Birthplace of Burns. 
 
 So said, one minute's while his eyes re- 
 mained 
 
 Half lidded, piteous, languid, innocent. 
 
 Ib., Cap and Bells, st. 20. 
 
 LIDLESS, as applied to the eye, un- 
 sleeping. 
 
 To an eye like mine, 
 A lidless watcher of the public weal, 
 Last night their mask was patent. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, IV. 
 
 LIE-A-BED, a sluggard. 
 
 If you had got up time enough you might 
 have secur'd the stage, but you are a lazy 
 lie-a-bed. Foote, Mayor of Garrett, Act I. 
 
 Where there are two lie-a-beds in a house, 
 there are a pair of ne'er-do-weels. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xlvi. 
 
 LIE AT or UPON, to importune or in- 
 stigate ; lay at to attack is a Surrey 
 provincialism. 
 
 The old dotard, he that so instantly doth 
 lie upon my father for me. Gascoiyne, Sup- 
 poses, I. i. 
 
 Dame Tullia lay ever upon him, and 
 
 pricked forward his distempered and troubled 
 mind. Holland, Livy, p. 27. 
 
 He told her because she lay sore wponhim. 
 Judyes xiv. 17. 
 
 His mother and brother had lain at him, 
 ever since he came into his master's service, 
 to help him to money. Evam. of Joan Perry, 
 &c., 1676 (Harl. Misc., III. 549). 
 
 LIEU, place. L. says this word is 
 only used in the phrase in lieu of, and 
 the examples given by him and R. do 
 not contradict this. Bp. Andrewes is 
 speaking of the offer of " all the king- 
 doms of the world " made by the 
 devil to our Lord, if He would worship 
 him. 
 
 One would think it a very large offer to 
 give so great a lieu for so small a service. 
 Andrewes, v. 544. 
 
 LIFEBLOOD. The involuntary quiver 
 in the lip or eyelid is vulgarly said to 
 be caused by the lifeblood. The second 
 extract is given in Peacock's Manley 
 and Gorringham Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 My upper lip had the motion in it, throb- 
 bing like the pulsation which we call the 
 lifeblood. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 241. 
 
 That curious muscular sensation or quiver, 
 to which the vulgar give the name of live 
 blood. B. W. Richardson, Diseases of Modern 
 Life, p. 163. 
 
 LIFE-LIKENESS, likeness to life. 
 
 I had found the spell of the picture in an 
 absolute life-likeness of expression, which, at 
 first startling, finally confounded, subdued, 
 and appalled me. E. A. Poe, Oval Portrait. 
 
 LIFER, one transported for life. 
 
 They know what a clever lad he is ; he'll 
 be a lifer ; they'll make the artful nothing 
 less than a lifer. Dickens, Oliver Twist, 
 ch. xliii. 
 
 LIFERENTRIX, woman having a life 
 rent interest in some property. 
 
 Lady Margaret Bellenden . . . liferentrix 
 of the barony of Tillietudlem. Scott, Old 
 Mortality, ch. ii. 
 
 LIFESOME, lively. 
 
 Edward, you are all to me, 
 
 1 wish for your sake I could be 
 More lifesome and more gay. 
 
 Coleridge, Three Graves. 
 
 LIFT, a shop-lifter. See quotation 
 
 S. V. BOULT. 
 
 "Women . . . are more subtile, more dan- 
 gerous in the commonwealth, and more full 
 of wiles to get crownes than the cunuingest 
 foyst, nip, lift, prigs, or whatsoever that lives 
 at this day. Greene, Theeves falling out, 1615 
 (Harl. Misc., viii. 384).
 
 LIFTINGS 
 
 ( 378) 
 
 LIL V-LIVER 
 
 LIFTINGS, attempts ; tentative at- 
 tacks. Cf. HEAVE AT. 
 
 There had been some liftings at him in the 
 Court by Sir John Cook, who had informed 
 against him to the Lord Treasurer then 
 being. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 180. 
 
 LIGGER. See extract. 
 
 The stones which composed these primi- 
 tive . . . mills . . were two ; an upper stone 
 or runner, and a nether, called in Derbyshire 
 a ligger, from the old word lig, to lie. 
 Archaol., vii. 20 (1785). 
 
 LIGHTERAGE, price paid for unloading 
 ships by lighters or boats. In a Re- 
 port to Lord Burleigh of the Cost of 
 delivering a Tun of Gascoigny Wine 
 in England,, in November, 1583 (Eng. 
 Gamer, i. 46), one item is 
 
 The liyhteraye, carriage, and porters' due, 
 Q2s.8d. 
 
 LIGHT-FINGERED, dishonest. 
 
 Is any tradesman light-fingered, and lighter- 
 conscienced ? Adams, i. 161. 
 
 He knew him to be a little light-fingered, 
 and given to lying and swearing. Dialogue 
 on Oxford Parliament, 1681 (Harl. Misc., ii. 
 124). 
 
 LIGHTFUL, glorious ; also, joyous. 
 R. has the word = full of light (Wic- 
 lif's translation of St. Matt. vi. 22). 
 Daily once they all should march the round 
 About the city with horn-trumpets sound, 
 Bearing about for only banneret 
 The lightful ark, God's sacred cabinet. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 199. 
 
 Tho' my heart was lightful and joyous be- 
 fore, yet it is ten times more lightsome and 
 joyous now. Pilgrim's Progress, Pt. II. 
 p. 60. 
 
 LlGHTHEADEDNESS, wandering ; de- 
 lirium. 
 
 So lovely a voice uttering nothing but the 
 incoherent ravings of lightheadedness. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. X. ch. ix. 
 
 LIGHTLY, to make light of; to dis- 
 dain. 
 
 The King of Peace would have a king of rest 
 To build His temple farre aboue the best ; 
 His House, whose front vpreard so high and 
 
 eaven, 
 That lightlied earth, and seemed to threat 
 
 the heaven. Hudson's Judith, i. 78. 
 
 I began to think John Rawson had per- 
 haps not been so very mad, and that I'd done 
 ill to lightly his offer as a madman. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Ruth, ch. xvi. 
 
 LIGHTMAN, linkman. 
 The stars might go to sleep a-nights. 
 And leave their work to these new lights ; 
 
 The midwife moon might mind her calling, 
 And noisy lightman leave his bawling. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 255. 
 
 LIKEABLE, pleasant ; capable of being 
 liked. 
 
 It is a very likeable place, being one of 
 the most comfortable towns in England. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 LIKED, was likely ; liked to have done 
 = nearly did. 
 
 He probably got his death, as he liked to 
 have done two years ago, by viewing the 
 troops for the expedition from the wall of 
 Kensington -Garden. Walpole, Letters, ii. 
 193 (1760). 
 
 LILAC. It would appear from the 
 extract that lilac trees were not very 
 familiar objects in the middle of the 
 seventeenth century. Bacon, however, 
 mentions "the lilach tree." The Per- 
 sian lilac was cultivated in England 
 about 1638, the common lilac about 
 1597. 
 
 A fountaine of white marble with a lead 
 cesterne, which fountaine is set round with 
 six trees called lelack trees. Survey of Non- 
 such Palace, 1650 (Archieol., v. 434). 
 
 LILBURNE, a stupid fellow. 
 Ye are such a calfe, such an asse, such a 
 
 blocke, 
 Such a lilburne, such a hoball, such a lob- 
 
 cocke. Udal, Roister DoisUr, iii. 3. 
 
 LILLY. See quotations. So called 
 from the N. pole in a compass being 
 distinguished by &fleur de Us. 
 As to the Pole the lilly bends 
 In a sea-compass, and still tends, 
 By a magnetic mystery, 
 Unto the Arctic point in sky. 
 Whereby the wandering piloteer 
 His course in gloomy nights doth steer. 
 
 Howell, Letters, iii 4. 
 
 If we place a needle touched at the foot 
 of tongs or andirons, it will obvert or turn 
 aside its lillie or north point, and conform 
 its cuspis or south extream with the andiron. 
 Brown, Vulgar Errors, Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 LILT, a song with " swing " or " go " 
 in it ; also, to sing in a spirited manner. 
 
 Which of Charles Mackay's lyrics can 
 compare for a moment with the ^Eschylean 
 grandeur, the terrible rhythmic lilt, of his 
 "Cholera Chant"? C. Kingsley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. ix. 
 
 Hech, but she would lilt that bonnily. 
 Ibid. ch. xxx iii. 
 
 LILY-LIVER, a coward. 
 
 When people were yet afraid of me, and 
 were taken in by my swagger, I always knew 
 that I was a lily-liver, and expected that I
 
 LIMBER 
 
 ( 379 ) 
 
 LIONESS 
 
 should be found out some day. Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, xii. 
 
 LIMBER, to make pliant. 
 
 Her stiff hams, that have not been bent to 
 a civility for ten years past, are now limbered 
 into courtesies three deep at every word. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 356. 
 
 LIME-FINGERED, thievish, applied to 
 those to whose fingers other people's 
 property sticks. Cf. BIRDLIME. 
 
 All my fynyers were arayed with lyme, 
 
 So I couvayed a cuppe manerly. 
 Hycke-Scorner (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., i. 99). 
 
 Who troubles the house? . . . Not care- 
 less, slothful, false, lime -fingered servants ; 
 but the strict master. Bp. Hall, Works, v. 
 195. 
 
 LIME-ROD, a stick smeared with bird- 
 lime, used ia catching birds ; more 
 usually called lime-twig. 
 
 The currier and the lime-rod are the death 
 of the fowle. Breton, Fantastickes (January). 
 
 LIMITARY, a beggar or canvasser 
 within certain limits or districts. 
 
 Great were the sums of money which the 
 piety of the design and the diligence of their 
 limitaries brought in from their several walks. 
 Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 210. 
 
 LIMPARD, a cripple. 
 
 What could that gouty limpard have done 
 with so fine a dog ? Urquhart's Ralelais, Bk. 
 I. ch. xxxix. 
 
 LIMPINGNESS, lameness. 
 
 Lord W. did hobble, and not ungracefully, 
 with Mrs. Selby . . . and both were applauded ; 
 the time of life of the lady, the limpingness 
 of my lord, considered. Richardson, Grandi- 
 son, vi. 376. 
 
 LINEATE, to delineate. 
 Life to the life the Chessboord lineates. 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st. 8. 
 
 LINER, a steam-ship belonging to one 
 of the great steam-lines. 
 
 The spinning - jenuy and the railroad, 
 Cunard's liners and the electric telegraph, 
 are to me, if not to you, signs that we are, 
 on some points at least, in harmony with the 
 universe. C. Kinyslry, Yeast, ch. v. 
 
 He caught the glimpse of the spars and 
 funnel of a great liner above the smoke to 
 the left. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. liv. 
 
 LINES. Hard lines = a hard lot : 
 so in Ps. xvi. 6, the Bible version has, 
 " The lines are fallen unto me in pleas- 
 ant places : " in the Prayer-book, the 
 word is " lot." 
 
 The old seaman paused a moment. " It is 
 hard lines for me," he said, " to leave your 
 
 honour in tribulation." Scott, Redgauntlet, 
 i. 290. 
 
 Gad, Sir, that was hard lines ! to have all 
 the pretty women one had waltzed with 
 every evening through the Trades, and the 
 little children one had been making play- 
 things for, holding round one's knees, and 
 screaming to the doctor to save them. 
 Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. iv. 
 
 LINGERLY, lingeringly ; slowly. 
 
 Sometimes, preoccupied with her work, 
 she sang the refrain very low, very lingerly. 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. iii. 
 
 LINGUAL, pertaining to the tongue : 
 the word is usually applied to those 
 sounds formed by the tongue, but as 
 L. s. v. observes, the term is too general. 
 
 Here indeed becomes notable one great 
 difference between our two kinds of civil 
 war ; between the modern lingual or Parlia- 
 mentary-logical kind, and the ancient or 
 manual kind in the steel battlefield. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 LINGY, heathy. 
 
 His cell was upon a lingy moor, about two 
 miles from Mulgrave Castle. Ward, Eng- 
 land's Reformation, p. 396 (margin). 
 
 LINHAY, an open shed attached to a 
 farm-yard. 
 
 Home side of the linhay, and under the 
 ashen hedge-row, where father taught me to 
 catch blackbirds, all at once my heart went 
 down. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. iii. 
 
 LINK, a kind of sausage, though 
 apparently distinguished from it in the 
 following quotations. See H. 
 
 He was ordinarily well furnished with 
 gammons of bacon . . . plenty of links, chit- 
 terlings, and puddings in their season, to- 
 gether with . . . great provision of sausages. 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 Then followed seven camels loaded with 
 links and chitterlings, hog's puddings and 
 sausages. Ibid., Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 LINO, a silk gossamer stuff. 
 
 He absolutely insisted upon presenting me 
 with a complete suit of gauze lino. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, i. 310 (1780). 
 
 LINT, fluff or flue. 
 
 He's brushing a hat almost a quarter of 
 an hour, and as long a driving the lint from 
 his black cloaths with his wet thumb. The 
 Committee, Act II. 
 
 LIONESS, a remarkable woman : the 
 term is also applied to ladies visiting 
 the University. 
 
 Bring Mr. Springblossom Mr. Winter- 
 blossom and all the lions and lionesses ; we 
 have room for the whole collection. Scott, 
 S. Ronan's Well, i. 129.
 
 LIONISE 
 
 ( 
 
 Mr. Tnpman was doing the honours of a 
 lobster salad to several lionesses. Pickicick 
 Papers, ch. xv. 
 
 For the last three months Miss Newcome 
 has been the greatest lioness in London, the 
 reigning beauty, the winning horse, the first 
 favourite out of the whole Belgravian harem. 
 Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. xli. 
 
 " Now, boys, keep your eyes open, there 
 must be plenty of lionesses about : " and thus 
 warned, the whole load, including the cor- 
 nopean player, were on the look-out for lady 
 visitors, profanely called lionesses. Huyhes, 
 Tom JBroicn at Oxford, ch. xxv. 
 
 LIONISE, to show the lions or objects 
 of interest. See extract s. v. PASTE- 
 BOARD. 
 
 He had lionised the distinguished visitors 
 during the last few days over the University. 
 Disraeli, Lothair, ch. xxiv. 
 
 LIONISM, celebrity ; the condition of 
 being a lion. . 
 
 An anecdote or two may be added to bear 
 out the occasional references to the honours 
 and humours of lionism which they contain. 
 Charley, Mem. of Mrs. Hemans, ii. 25. 
 
 LIP, to notch. 
 
 In these daies the maner is lightly to 
 barbe and pluck off with a sarding hook the 
 beards or strings of the root, that being thus 
 nipped and lipped (as it were) they might 
 nourish the body of the plant. Holland, 
 Pliny, xix. 6. 
 
 "Tis a brave castle," said the armourer 
 ... "it were worth lipping a good blade 
 before wrong were offered to it." Scott, Fair 
 Maid of Perth, i. 168. 
 
 LIP, to utter (Shakespeare, as quoted 
 in the Diets., uses it for a kiss). 
 
 Salt tears were coming, when I heard my 
 
 name 
 Most fondly lipp'd, and then these accents 
 
 came. Keats, Endymion, Bk. I. 
 
 LIP-BORN, merely verbal, not hearty. 
 
 "Why bad he brought his cheap regard and 
 his lip-born words to her who had nothing 
 paltry to give in exchange. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 LIP-COMFORT, consolatory words. 
 Lip -comfort cannot cure me. ..Pray you, 
 
 leave me 
 To mine own private thoughts. 
 
 Massinyer, Maid of Honour, iii. 1. 
 
 LIP -COMFORTER, one who consoles 
 with mere words. 
 
 Court-moralists, 
 
 Reverend lip-comforters that once a week 
 Proclaim how blessed are the poor. 
 
 Southey, Soldier's Funeral. 
 
 o ) LIQUOR 
 
 LIPE. 
 
 You shal se a weake smithe which wyl 
 wyth a lipe and turning of his arme take vp 
 a barre of yron yat another man thrise as 
 stronge can not stirre. Ascliam, Toxophilus, 
 p. 89. 
 
 LIPLICK, a kiss. 
 
 "When she shal embrace thee, when lyp- 
 licks sweetlye she fastneth. Stanyhurst, 
 jEn., i. 672. 
 
 LIPOGRAMMATIST, one who writes a 
 poem or other composition from which 
 he excludes some letter. 
 
 No author ever shackled himself by more 
 absurd restrictions, not even the lipoyram- 
 matists or those who built altars and hatched 
 eggs in verse, than Mr. Fox, when he resolved 
 to use no other words in his History than 
 were to be found in Dryden. Southey in 
 Quarterly Eeview, xv. 561. 
 
 LIP-POSITION, impracticable theory : 
 applied in extract to the philosophical 
 utterances of Seneca. 
 
 His house full 
 Of children, clients, servants, flattering 
 
 friends 
 Soothing his lip-positions. 
 
 Massinyer, Maid of Honour, iv. 3. 
 
 LIP- RE WARD, empty promises. 
 To euery act she giues huge lip-reward., 
 Lauish of oathes, as falsehood of her faith. 
 G. Markham, Trayedie of Sir R. Grinuile, 
 p. 56. 
 
 LIP-RIGHTEOUSNESS, a mere profes- 
 sion of righteousness. 
 
 Dost thou think 
 
 To trick them of their secret ? for the dupes 
 Of humankind keep this lip-riuhteousness. 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. V. 
 
 LIP-SALVE, flattering speech. 
 
 Spencer, that was as cunning as a serpent, 
 finds here a female wit that went beyond 
 him, one that with his own weapons wounds 
 his wisdome, and taught him not to trust a 
 woman's lip-salve, when that he knew her 
 breast was fill'd with rancour. Hist, of Edw. 
 II., p. 91. 
 
 LIQUESCENT, liquid ; moist. 
 At the end of our path a litfiiescent 
 
 And nebulous lustre was bora, 
 Out of which a miraculous crescent 
 
 Arose with a duplicate horn. 
 
 E. A. Poe, Ulalume (ii. 21). 
 
 LIQUOR. To liquor a mans boots = 
 to cuckold him. 
 
 He unfortunately happen'd to catch her 
 with a new relation, of whom he was a little 
 jealous, believing for some reasons he had an 
 underhand design of liquoring his boots for 
 him. T. Brown, Works, ii. 252.
 
 LIRIPIPIONATED ( 381 ) 
 
 LOAF 
 
 " LIRIPIPIONATED, hooded; wearing 
 the liripoop, q. v. in N. 
 
 Master Janotus . . . liripipionated with a 
 graduate's hood . . . transported himself to 
 the lodging of Gargantua. Urquhart's 
 Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xviii. 
 
 LISTENESS, attention; the opposite 
 to listlessness. 
 
 Then take me this errand, 
 And what I shal prophecy with tentiue 
 listenes harcken. 
 
 Stanyhurst, jn., iii. 254. 
 
 LIT^E, to make pliant. 
 
 The Grecians were noted for light, the 
 Parthians for fearful, the Sodomites for 
 gluttons, like as England (God save the 
 sample ! ) hath now suppled, lithed and 
 stretched their throats. Adams, i. 368. 
 
 LITHOCLAST, stone-breaker. 
 
 A party of horsemen . . . were ready at 
 the gates of the mosque to assist the litho- 
 clast as soon as he should have executed his 
 task. Eurckhardt, Travels in Arabia, i. 307- 
 
 LITHOGRAPHIZE, to lithograph. 
 
 This picture has been lithoyraphized from 
 a. drawing by Mr. Kerrich. Archteol., xxii. 
 452 (1829). 
 
 LITTER, to carry in a litter. 
 
 These Pagan ladies were litter'd to Cam- 
 pus Martius, ours are coached to Hyde-Park. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 112. 
 
 LITTLE-GO, the first examination at 
 the University ; the final one being the 
 great- go: these terms are now almost 
 obsolete ; " smalls " and " greats " have 
 taken their place. 
 
 He was busily engaged in reading for 
 the little-yo, and must therefore decline the 
 delight he had promised himself of passing 
 the vacation at Cinqbars Hall. Thackeray, 
 Shabby Genteel Story, ch. vii. 
 
 LIVEABLE, .fit for residence. 
 
 There will be work for five summers at 
 least before the place is liveable. Miss 
 Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. xxv. 
 
 LIVERER, a servant in livery. Patten, 
 Exped. to Scotl., 1548 (Garner, iii. 74), 
 praising the magnificence of the Eng- 
 lish nobles, speaks of " their sumptuous 
 suits of liverers." 
 
 LIVER-GROWN, having enlarged liver. 
 
 After six fits of a quartan ague with which 
 it pleased God to visit him, died my deare son 
 Richard ... I suffer'd him to be open'd, 
 when they found that he was what is vul- 
 garly call'd liver-grown. Evelyn, Diary, Jan. 
 27, 1658. 
 
 He had observed the same symptom, but 
 
 was informed by his friend that she was 
 only liver-groicn, and would in a few months 
 be as well in the waist as ever. Smollett, 
 Roderick Random, ch. xlvii. 
 
 LIVERSICK, sick at heart. 
 Demon, my friend, once liversick of love, 
 Thus learn 'd I by the signs his grief remove ; 
 
 But mark, when once it comes to Gemini, 
 Straightway fish-whole shall thy sick liver 
 be. Hall, Sat., II. vii. 47. 
 
 LIVERY, applied to a kept mistress. 
 
 Now 'cause I am a gamester and keep ordin- 
 aries, 
 
 And a livery punk or so, and trade not with 
 
 The money-mongers' wives, not one will be 
 
 Bound for me. 
 
 Massinger, City Madam, i. 3. 
 
 Ten livery whores, she assured me on her 
 credit, 
 
 With weeping eyes she spake it. 
 
 Ibid., A very Woman, ii. 2. 
 
 LIVERY. One of the livery = a 
 cuckold. 
 
 "Pis . . out of fashion now to call things 
 by their right names. Is a citizen a cuckold ? 
 no, he's one of the livery. Revenge, or a 
 Match in Newgate, Act I. 
 
 LIVERY-TABLE, a side-table or cup- 
 board. 
 
 If there were ten tables provided for that 
 purpose, the twelve cakes could not be 
 equally set upon them without a fraction. 
 I conceive therefore the other nine only as 
 side-cupboards or livery-tables, ministerial to 
 that principal one, as whereupon the shew- 
 bread elect was set before the consecration 
 thereof, and whereon the old shew-bread 
 removed, for some time might be placed, 
 when new was substituted in the room 
 thereof. Fuller, Pisyah Sight, Bk. V. ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 LIVETIDE, fortune ; property. 
 
 She . . . f ounded a house heere for maidens 
 that were lepers, and endowed the same 
 with her owne patrimony and livetide. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 245. 
 
 LIVISH, a herb of the genus Ligus- 
 ticum. 
 
 As for loueach or liuish, it is by nature 
 wild and savage. Holland, Pliny, six. 8. 
 
 LOADED, magnetised. 
 Great kings to war are pointed forth, 
 Like loaded needles to the North. 
 
 Prior, Alma, 747. 
 
 LOAF, to idle about : an American 
 expression. See WEDGWOOD, s. v. 
 
 Shoeblacks are compelled to a great deal of 
 unavoidable loajing ; but certainly this one 
 loafed rather energetically, for he was hot
 
 LOAFER 
 
 LOGGER 
 
 and frantic in his play. H. Kingsley, 
 Ravenshoe, ch. xli. 
 
 How can you go down to the beach by 
 yourself amongst all those loafing vaga- 
 bonds, who would pick your pocket or throw 
 stones at you!' Mack, Princess of Thule, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 LOAFER, idle lounger. 
 
 The loafer in moleskin stood at some little 
 distance, scowling and muttering scornful 
 observations at the same time. Black, Ad~ 
 ventures of a Phaeton, ch. xviii. 
 
 LOATHE, to disgust. 
 
 Let not the voice of Ithay loathe thine ears. 
 
 Peele, David and Bethsabe, p. 475. 
 
 There shall they heap their preys of carrion, 
 
 Till all his grave be clad with stinking bones, 
 
 That it may loathe the sense of every man. 
 
 Ibid., p. 482. 
 
 LOB BE YOUR COMFORT, go to the 
 
 deuce. Cf. LOB'S POUND in Nares, who, 
 however, offers no materials for a bio- 
 graphy of Lob. 
 
 Lob be your comfort, and cuckold be your 
 destiny. Peele, Old Wives Tale, p. 455. 
 
 LOBBISH, loutish. 
 
 Their lobbish guard, ... all night had kept 
 themselves awake with prating how valiant 
 deeds they had done when they ran away. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 430. 
 
 LOB-DOTTEREL, a loutish fool. 
 
 Grouthead gnat - snappers, lob - dotterels, 
 gaping changelings. Urquharfs Rabelais, 
 Bk. I. ch. xxv. 
 
 LOB-LIKE, clumsy ; loutish. 
 Four or five times he yawns, and leaning on 
 His (Lob-like) elbowe hears this message don. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 589. 
 
 LOBLOLLY, lubber. See extract from 
 Cotton, s. v. AMORING. 
 
 This lob-lollie with slauering lips would be 
 making loue. Breton, Grimello's Fortunes, 
 p. 9. 
 
 LOBLOLLY BOY, a ship-surgeon's mate. 
 
 I was not altogether without mortifications 
 which I not only suffered from the rude 
 insults of the sailors and petty officers, 
 among whom I was known by the name 
 of Loblolly Boy, but also from the disposition 
 of Morgan. Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. 
 xxvii. 
 
 LOBSCOURSE, or lobscouse ; a sea dish 
 of meat, onions, &c., stewed together. 
 
 The genial banquet was intirely composed 
 of sea-dishes ... a dish of hard fish swim- 
 ming in oil appeared at each end, the sides 
 being furnished with a mass of that savoury 
 composition known by the name of lob's 
 course, and a plate of salmagundy. Smollett, 
 Peregrine Pickle, ch. ix. 
 
 LOBSTER, soldier; generally supposed 
 to be in allusion to the red coat, but 
 probably the term originally referred 
 to the soldier's cuirass. In 1643, just 
 before the battle of Lansdown, Sir 
 Arthur Haslerig's regiment came down 
 from London with new bright iron 
 breast and back plates, and were called 
 Lobsters by the King's troops. German 
 Jrebs = lobster, and also cuirass. See 
 N. andQ.,V. v. 286. 
 
 The soldiers call them vagrants. . . . The 
 women, on the other hand, exclaim against 
 lobsters and tatterdemalions, and defy 'em to 
 prove 'twas ever known in any age or country 
 in the world that a red-coat died for religion. 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 73. 
 
 LOCALE, place. This French word is 
 naturalised ; the final e which belongs 
 to it in its English dress may be a 
 mistake, or perhaps designed to dis- 
 tinguish it from the adj. local. 
 
 But no matter lay the locale where you 
 
 may, 
 
 And where it is no one exactly can say, 
 There's one thing at least which is known 
 
 very well. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Old Woman in Grey). 
 
 LOCK-DP, a prison ; also used adjec- 
 tivally. 
 
 And bucks with pockets empty as their pate, 
 Lax in their gaiters, laxer in then- gait ; 
 Who oft, when we our house lock up, 
 
 carouse 
 "With tippling tipstaves in a lock-up house. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 164. 
 
 " We'll begin in some out-of-the-way place 
 till we get used to it." " And end in the 
 lock-up, I should say," said Tom. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. vi. 
 
 LOCUFLEATLY, richly. See extract 
 from Nashe, s. v. BEDOCUMEXTIZE. 
 
 LOCUST, to devour and lay waste, 
 like locusts. 
 
 This Philip and the black-faced swarms of 
 
 Spain, 
 
 The hardest, cruellest people in the world, 
 Come locust ing upon us, eat us up, 
 Confiscate lands, goods, money. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, II. i. 
 
 LOG-END, thick end. 
 
 The most heavy lotj-end of Christ's Cross 
 is laid upon many of them. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 122. 
 
 LOGGER, stupid. 
 
 My head too heavy was and logger 
 Even to make a Pettifogger. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 153.
 
 LOGGERHEAD 
 
 ( 383 
 
 LOMBARD 
 
 LOGGERHEAD, an inferior species of 
 turtle. 
 
 All the Mediterranean turtle are of the 
 kind called loyyerhead, which in the West 
 Indies are eaten by none but hungry seamen, 
 negroes, and the lowest class of people. 
 Smollett, France and Italy, Letter xix. 
 
 LOG- HEADED, stupid. Shakespeare 
 (Taming of /Shrew, iv. 1) has logger- 
 headed. 
 For well I knew it was some mad-headed 
 
 childe 
 
 That invented this name that the log-headed 
 knave might be begilde. 
 
 Edwards, Damon and Pitheas (Dodsley, 
 O. PL, i. 267). 
 
 LOGICALIZATION, the making logical. 
 The mere act of inditing tends, in a great 
 degree, to the logicalization of thought. 
 
 E. A. Poe, Marginalia, xvi. 
 
 LOGICALIZE, to make logical. 
 
 Thought is logicalized by the effort at 
 (written) expression. E. A. Poe, Marginalia, 
 xvi. 
 
 LOGIC-FISTED, consistently grasping ? 
 or, simply, close-fisted (?). The origi- 
 nal of the whole extract is " Hie fes- 
 tinat qtiidquid habet profundere; Me 
 per fas nefasqvie congerit." 
 
 One with an open-handed freedom spends 
 all he lays his fingers on ; another with a 
 logick - fisted grippinguess catches at and 
 grasps all he can come within the reach of. 
 Kennefs Erasmus, Praise of Folly, p. 87. 
 
 LOGICIONER, logician. 
 
 There is no good logicioner but would think, 
 I think, that a syllogism thus formed of such 
 a thieving major, a runaway minor, and a 
 traiterous consequent must needs prove, at 
 the weakest, to such a hanging argument. 
 Patten, Exped. to Scotl., 1548 (Eng. Garner, 
 iii. 137). 
 
 LOGOCRACY, government by words. 
 
 In this country every man adopts some 
 particular slang-whauger as the standard of 
 his judgment, and reads everything he writes, 
 if he reads nothing else ; which is doubtless 
 the reason why the people of this logocracy 
 are so marvellously enlightened. Irving, 
 Salmagundi, No. xiv. 
 
 LOIOLITE, a Jesuit. Cf . LOYOLIST. 
 
 The third uirE/oa<nri<rr^s that contended 
 with the Jesuit for the palm of victory, and 
 to bring eye-salve to the dim-sighted lady, 
 was Dr. Laud, then Bishop of St. David's, 
 who galled Fisher with great acuteness ; 
 which the false Loiolite traduced, and made 
 slight in his reports. Racket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 172. 
 
 LOLION. The editor (Parker Soc. 
 
 ed.) quotes from Eliot. Biblioth., " a 
 vicious grayne, called rine of darnell, 
 whiche commonlye groweth amonge 
 wheate." 
 
 They had no pleasure to hear the Scribes 
 and the Pharisees ; they stank in their nose ; 
 their doctrine was unsavoury ; it was of 
 lolions, of decimations of aniseed, and cum- 
 min, and such gear. Latimer, i. 200. 
 
 LOLL, one who lolls about ; a loafer. 
 Then let a knaue be known to be a knaue, 
 A thiefe a villaine, and a churle a hogge ; 
 A minkes a menion, and a rogue a slaue, 
 A trull a tit, an vsurer a dogge, 
 A lobbe a loute, a heavy loll a logge ; 
 And euery birde go rowst in her owne 
 
 nest, 
 
 And then perhaps my Muse will be at 
 rest. 
 Breton, PasquiVs Madcappe, p. 10. 
 
 LOLLARD, a loller, used in extract 
 punningly. 
 
 It is not necessary to the attainment of 
 Christian knowledge that men should sit 
 all their life long at the foot of a pulpited 
 divine ; while he, a lollard indeed over his 
 elbow cushion, in almost the seventh part of 
 forty or fifty years, teaches them scarce half 
 the principles of religion. Milton, Means to 
 remove hirelings. 
 
 LOLLER, one who lolls. See extract 
 from Stanyhurst, s. v. MDFFE MAFFE, 
 where it seems = lubber. R. has the 
 word, but only as = Lollard. 
 
 Griselda, who was . . one of the fashion- 
 able loiters by profession, established herself 
 upon a couch. Miss Edgeworih, Griselda, 
 ch. xi. 
 
 LOLLOP, to lounge or idle about. 
 
 Here's fine discipline on board, when such 
 sculking sons of b ches as you are allowed, 
 on pretence of sickness, to lollop at your 
 ease, while your betters are kept to hard 
 duty. Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 If one's ever so cold, he lollops so that one 
 is quite starved. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, 
 Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 She does so stoop and lollop, as the women 
 call it. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 219. 
 
 A superb Adonis rose with an injured look, 
 and led Gerard into a room where sat or 
 lolloped eleven ladies, chattering like mag- 
 pies. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. iii. 
 
 LOMBARD. N. gives this as meaning 
 a banker, but it also signifies a bank. 
 See extract s. v. ENCAPTIVE. 
 
 The royal treasure he exhausts in pride 
 and riot ; the jewels of the Crown are in the 
 Lumbard.Hist. of Edw. II., p. 27. 
 
 A Lombard unto this day signifying a bank 
 for usury or pawns. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. 
 v. 10.
 
 LOMBARDEER ( 384 ) 
 
 LOOT 
 
 LOMBARDKER, a banker. 
 
 By their profession they are for the most 
 part brokers and Lombardeers. Howell, Let* 
 ters, I. vi. 14. 
 
 LOMBARD - STREET. Lombard - Street 
 to a China Orange = very long odds. 
 
 Here I shall inform the small critic what 
 it is " a thousand pounds to a penny," as the 
 nursery song says, or as the newspaper re- 
 porters of the Ring have it, Lombard-Street 
 to a China Orange, no small critic already 
 knows, whether he be diurnal, hebdomadal, 
 monthly, or trimestral, that a notion of 
 progressive life is mentioned in Bishop 
 Berkeley's Minute Philosopher. Soiithey, The 
 Doctor, ch. ccx. 
 
 " It is Lombard-Street to a China Orange" 
 quoth Uncle Jack. " Are the odds in favour 
 of fame against failure really so great? 
 You do not speak, I fear, from experience, 
 brother Jack," answered my father. Lytton, 
 Caxtons, Bk. IV. ch. iii. 
 
 LONDON PRIDE, a common plant, 
 saxifraga umbrosa. 
 A pride there is of rank, a pride of birth, 
 
 A pride of learning and a pride of purse, 
 A London pride, in short, there be on earth 
 
 A host of prides, some better and some 
 worse. Hood, Ode to Eae Wilson. 
 
 LONG, two breves in music. See L. 
 
 Here, because our life is short, we sing it 
 in breves and semibreves ; hereafter we shall 
 sing it in longs for ever. Adams, iii. 122. 
 
 LONGANIMITY, foresight ; the word 
 usually = forbearance, long-suffering, 
 and in this sense is illustrated in the 
 Diets. 
 
 Mentally short-sighted as she affected to 
 be, none had more longanimity for their own 
 interest. Miss Edgeworth, Absentee, ch. vii. 
 
 LONG ARM, a person who reaches 
 across a table, &c., for anything is said 
 to make a long arm. 
 
 It divided them, and it divided them not ; 
 for over that arme of the sea could be made 
 a long arm. Nashe, Lenten Stuffie (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 167). 
 
 LONG-BULLETS, a game played by 
 casting stones. H. says, " a North- 
 country game," but the scene of the 
 extract is Ireland. 
 
 When you saw Tady at long-bullets play, 
 You sat and lous'd him all a sunshine day. 
 Swift, Dernwt and Sheelah. 
 
 LONGISH, pretty long. See quotation 
 from Hood s. v. BLUES. 
 
 The head was longish, which is always the 
 best sign of intellect. Carlyle, Life of Ster- 
 ling, Pt. II. ch. ii. 
 
 Farmer Robson left Haytersbank betimes 
 
 on a longish day's journey, to purchase a 
 horse. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. ix. 
 
 LONGITUDINARIAN, having to do with 
 longitude. 
 
 What was the centre of London for any 
 purpose whatever latitudinarian or longitu- 
 dinarian literary, social, or mercantile ? 
 De Quincey, Autob. Sketches, i. 188. 
 
 LONG-MINDED, patient 
 
 [A judge must be] long-minded to endure 
 the rusticity and homeiiuess of common 
 people in giving evidence, after their plain 
 fashion and faculty. Ward, Sermons, p. 120. 
 
 LONGSHORE, water side, applied to 
 those whose haunts are along shore ; 
 used also as a substantive. It is gener- 
 ally employed disparagingly. 
 
 Our captain said, The 'longshore thieves 
 
 Are laughing at us in their sleeves. 
 
 Browning, Waring. 
 
 I want none of your rascally lurching long- 
 shore vermin, who get five pounds out of this 
 captain, and ten out of that, and let him 
 sail without them after all, while they are 
 stowed away under women's mufflers and 
 in tavern cellars. Kingsley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. i. 
 
 Out of the way, you loafing longshores! 
 shouts the Lieutenant. Ibid., Ttco Years 
 Ago, ch. iii. 
 
 LOOSE. See first extract. 
 
 We call this figure [homoio teleuton] fol- 
 lowing the original, the like-loose, alluding to 
 th' Archers terne, who is not said to finish 
 the feate of his shot before he give the loose, 
 and deliver his arrow from his bow, in which 
 respect we vse to say marke the loose of a 
 thing for marke the end of it. Puttenham, 
 Arte of Eng. Poesie, ch. xvi. 
 
 Surely the poet gives a twang to the loose 
 of his arrow, making him [Robin Hood] 
 shoot one a cloth-yard long at full forty- 
 score mark, for compass never higher than 
 the breast, and within less than a foot of 
 the mark. Fuller, Worthies, A'otts. 
 
 LOOSE-KIRTLE, a woman of bad 
 character. See N. s. v. Loose-bodied 
 gown. 
 
 Here's a fellow calls himself the captain 
 of a ship, and her Majesty's servant, and 
 talks about failing, as if he were a Barbican 
 loose-kirtle trying to keep her apple-squire 
 ashore. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xxx. 
 
 LOOT, to plunder : an East Indian 
 word. 
 
 I cannot quite satisfy my mind whether 
 it was originally intended for the reception 
 of coals, or bodies, or as a place of temporary 
 security for the plunder " footed " by laun- 
 dresses. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, 
 xiv.
 
 LOPE 
 
 ( 385 ) 
 
 LOVE 
 
 LOPE, to leap : this use is noted both 
 by N. and H., but they give no ex- 
 ample, save of its use as the old per- 
 fect of leap : it is also a substantive. 
 Lope-off, to go away in a secret sly 
 manner, is still in use in Sussex (Parish's 
 Glossary). 
 
 This whinyard has gard many better men 
 to lope than thou. Greene, James IV. 
 Induction. 
 
 His malice lopes at a venture, and his 
 ignorance is no check to it. North. Examen, 
 p. 73. 
 
 I cannot do the author justice .... with- 
 out taking a large lope over the next reign. 
 Ibid., p. 618. 
 
 It is more than probable that in process 
 of time he had advanced himself by the 
 pure strength of his genius, but not by such 
 large strides as he made iu getting money 
 and loping into preferments as he did, with- 
 out the aid of friends and good fortune. 
 Ibid., Life of Lord Guilford, i. 60. 
 
 LORD. Drunk as a lord = very 
 drunk : for similar comparisons see 
 s. v. DRUNK. 
 
 If I, said he, remember right, 
 
 I was most lordly drunk last night. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour i. c. 7. 
 I took care to make him mix his liquors 
 well, and before 11 o'clock I finished him, 
 and had him as drunk as a lord, sir. 
 Thackeray, Misc., ii. 237. 
 
 LORD. " In Suffolk husbandry the 
 man who (whether by merit or by 
 sufferance I know not) goes foremost 
 through the harvest with the scythe 
 or the sickle, is honoured with the title 
 of Lord, and at the Horkey or Har- 
 vest-home feast collects what he can 
 for himself and brethren from the 
 f iriners and visitors to make a frolic 
 afterwards, called " the largess spend- 
 ing " (Preface by Bloomfield to the 
 Ballad in which the extract occurs). 
 My Lord begg'd round, and held his hat. 
 
 Says Farmer Gruff, says he, 
 There's many a lord, Sam, I know that, 
 Has begg'd as well as thee. 
 
 Bloomfield, The Horkey. 
 
 LORD HAVE MERCY UPON ME. See 
 extract. 
 
 The Illiake passion, or a paine and wring- 
 ing in the small guts, which the homelier 
 sort of phisicians doe call Lorde have mercy 
 upon vie. Nomenclator, 1585, p. 433. 
 
 LORDKIN, little lord. 
 
 Princekin or lordkin from his earliest days 
 has nurses, dependents, governesses, little 
 friends, schoolfellows . . . flattering him and 
 
 doing him honour. Thackeray, The New- 
 comes, ch. liii. 
 
 LORDS AND LADIES, the wild Arum. 
 
 There were great "lords and ladies" 
 (arums) there, growing in the bank, twice 
 as big as ours, and not red, but white and 
 primrose most beautiful. C. Kinuslev, 1864 
 (Life, ii. 171). 
 
 Even in the Lords and Ladies clumped in 
 the scoop of the hedgerow . . . there was 
 aching ecstasy, delicious pang of Lorna. 
 Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. xvii. 
 
 LORIC, breast-plate (Latin, lorica). 
 Each with his bay-leaf fillet, loose-thonged 
 
 vest, 
 
 Loric, and low-browed Gorgon on the breast. 
 Browning, Protus. 
 
 LOSE, loss. 
 
 Alms and good deeds are sacrifices pleasing 
 to God ; but without zeal the widow's mites 
 are no better than the rest ; it is the cheer- 
 ful lose that doubleth the gift. Ward, Ser- 
 inons, p. 78. 
 
 LOUD, showy = more so than good 
 taste would allow. 
 
 This Edward had picked up ... a 
 thoroughly Irish form of character ; fire and 
 fervour, vitality of all kinds in genial abund- 
 ance : but in a much more loquacious, osten- 
 tatious, much louder style than is freely 
 patronised on this side of the Channel. 
 Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. I. ch. ii. 
 
 LOUNDERER, an idler, a vagabond. 
 
 Lousengers and lounderers are wrongfully 
 made and named hermits, and have leave to 
 defraud poor and needy creatures of their 
 livelihood, and to live by their false winning 
 and begging in sloth and in other divers 
 vices. Testament of Wm. Thorpe (Bale, Select 
 Works, p. 130). 
 
 LOUNGE, a place where people pass 
 away idle time. 
 
 She went with Lady Stock to a bookseller's, 
 whose shop served as a fashionable lounge. 
 Miss Edgeicorth, Almeria, p. 278. 
 
 LOUVRE, a dance. The scene to 
 which the extract refers is laid at the 
 Court of William and Mary. 
 
 As soon as the minuet was closed, the 
 princess said softly to Harry in French, 
 "The Louvre, sir, if you please." This was 
 a dance of the newest fashion, and was cal- 
 culated to show forth and exhibit a graceful 
 person in all the possible elegances of move- 
 ment and attitude. H. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, ii. 99. 
 
 LOVE. To play for love = to play 
 
 for nothing. In reckoning a score, 
 
 that of the player who has counted 
 
 nothing is said to be love. This is the 
 
 c c
 
 LOVE 
 
 ( 386 ) 
 
 LOW -DAY 
 
 meaning of the word in the first quota- 
 tion. 
 
 You reckon your chickens before they are 
 hatched ; I have seen those lose the game 
 that have had so many for love ( Vidi qui 
 vincerent ah hoc numero, qui nihil habebant). 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 46. 
 
 "When I am in sickness, or not in the best 
 spirits, I sometimes call for the cards, and 
 play a game at piquet for love with my 
 cousin Bridget. Essays of Elia (Mrs. Battle 
 on Whist). 
 
 LOVE, a game in which one holds up 
 one or more fingers, and another, with- 
 out looking, guesses at the number. In 
 some editions of Erasmus the word in 
 the original is micatione. 
 
 If any unlearned person or stranger should 
 come in, he would certainly think we were 
 bringing up again among ourselves the 
 countrymen's play of holding up our fin- 
 gers (dimicatione diyitorum, i. e. the play of 
 love). Bailey's Erasm., Colloq., p. 159. 
 
 LOVE. No love lost, between people, 
 usually means that they dislike each 
 other ; in the first extract, however, it 
 signifies that their affection had never 
 been interrupted ; in the second, from 
 the same work, it bears the more com- 
 mon sense. 
 
 I kissed her : " And is it for me, my sweet 
 cousin, that you shed tears ? there never was 
 love lost between us : but tell me, what is de- 
 signed to be done with me that I have this 
 kind instance of your compassion for me." 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, ii. 217. 
 
 He must needs say there was no love lost 
 between some of my family and him. Ibid., 
 iii. 150. 
 
 LOVEABLE, amiable ; winning affec- 
 tion. The extract shows that the word 
 was not familiar, as it is now, in 1814. 
 L. gives only extract from Tennyson's 
 Elaine, but R. has a quotation from 
 Wiclif. 
 
 " There is something so soothing, so gentle, 
 so indulgent about Mrs. Percy, so loveable." 
 " She is ... very loveable that is the exact 
 word." " I fear it is not English," said Miss 
 Hauton. " II merite bien I'etre" said God- 
 frey. Miss Edgeicorth, Patronage, ch. v. 
 
 LOVEACH, a herb of the genus Ligus- 
 ticum. 
 
 As for loveach or liuish, it is by nature 
 wild and sauage. Holland, Pliny, xix. 8. 
 
 LOVE-BIRD, a small bird of the parrot 
 species. 
 
 Mr. Guppy going to the window tumbles 
 into a pair of love-birds, to whom he says in 
 his confusion, " I beg yonr pardon, I am 
 sure." Dickens, Bleak House, ch. xxix. 
 
 Unless they are two behind a carriage- 
 perch they pine away, I suppose, ... as one 
 love-bird does without his mate. Thackeray, 
 Lovel the Widower, ch. iv. 
 
 LOVE-CHILD, bastard. See quotation 
 from Miss Austen s. v. ALL TO ONE. 
 
 Nothing won't do us no good, unless we 
 all repent of our wicked ways, our drinking, 
 and our dirt, and our love-children, and our 
 picking and stealing. C. Kingsley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. xxviii. 
 
 "What a source of mischief in all our coun- 
 try parishes is the one practice of calling a 
 child born out of wedlock, a ' love-child ' in- 
 stead of a bastard. It would be hard to 
 estimate how much it has lowered the tone 
 and standard of morality among us ; or for 
 how many young women it may have helped 
 to make the downward way more sloping 
 still. A bp. Trench, Study of Words, ch. ii. 
 
 LOVEE, the person loved. 
 
 Violent love on one side is enough in con- 
 science, if the other party be not a fool or 
 ungrateful : the lover and lovee make gener- 
 ally the happiest couple. Richardson, Gran- 
 dison, vi. 47. 
 
 LOVEFULL, full of love. 
 
 Th' euerlasting Voice 
 
 Which now again reblest the lovefull choice 
 Of sacred wedlock's secret binding band. 
 Sylvester, The Colonies, 505. 
 
 LOVELINGS, little loves. 
 These frollike louelinys fraighted nests do 
 
 make 
 
 The balmy trees o'r-laden boughs to crack. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 692. 
 
 LOVE -LORNN ESS, state of desolation, 
 through desertion of a lover. 
 
 It was the story of that fair Gostanza who 
 in her love-lornness desired to live no longer. 
 G. Eliot, Romola, ch. Ixi. 
 
 LOVERLESS, without a lover. 
 
 Loverless and inexpectant of love, I was as 
 safe from spies in my heart-poverty, as the 
 beggar from thieves in his destitution of 
 purse. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xiii. 
 
 LOVE- WORTH, that which is worthy 
 of love. 
 
 Homer for himself should be belov'd, 
 Who ev'ry sort of love-worth did contain. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, To the Reader, 73. 
 
 LOW-BOY, a name for a Whig and 
 low churchman. 
 
 No fire and faggot ! no wooden shoes ! no 
 trade-sellers ! a loir-boy, a low-boy ! Cent- 
 livre, Gotham Election. 
 
 LOW-DAY, an ordinary day, as dis- 
 tinguished from a feast-day or high- 
 day.
 
 LOW1SH 
 
 ( 387 ) LUCK-PENNY 
 
 Such days as wear the badge of holy red 
 Are for Devotion marked and sage Delights, 
 The vulgar Low-days undistinguished 
 Are left for Labour, Games, and sportful 
 Sights. 
 
 Campion, Lyrics, &c., 1613, 
 Eng. Garner, iii. 285. 
 
 LOWISH, rather low. 
 Money runs a little fairish, after what I 
 have laid out. Richardson, Pamela, i. 82. 
 
 LOYALTY. Mr. J. S. Mill (Logic, Pt. 
 IV. ch. v. 1, quoted in L.) remarks 
 that though this word once signified 
 fair open dealing and fidelity to engage- 
 ments, it is now restricted to fidelity to 
 the throne. Mr. Mill adds that he is 
 not sufficiently versed in the history of 
 courtly language to be able to say by 
 what process this change came about. 
 " I can only suppose that the word was 
 at some period the favourite term at 
 court to express fidelity to the oath of 
 allegiance, until at length those who 
 wished to speak of any other, and, as it 
 was deemed, inferior sort of fidelity, 
 either did riot venture to use so digni- 
 fied a term, or found it convenient to 
 employ some other in order to avoid 
 being misunderstood." The extract 
 from North supports Mr. Mill's hypo- 
 thesis, and fixes the time of Charles II. 
 as the period ; though probably loyalty, 
 as understood in that reign or by .Roger 
 North, meant much more than simple 
 fidelity to the oath of allegiance, and 
 implied thorough partisanship in behalf 
 of the measures of the Court. 
 
 So few gentlemen of the law were noted 
 for loyalty (I use the word of that time) that 
 it was made a wonder at Court that a young 
 lawyer should be so. North, Examen,-p. 513. 
 
 LOYOLIST, a follower of Ignatius 
 Loyola. Howell, in the book cited, 
 frequently uses the term. Cf. LOIOLITE. 
 
 Of late years that super-politick and irre- 
 fragable society of the Loyalists have propt 
 up the ivy.Howell, Dodo'na's Grove, p. 60. 
 
 LOZE, praise. 
 
 And that thy loze ne name may neuer dye, 
 Nor thy state turne stayed by destinie. 
 
 Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 _ LOZENGE - COACH, a dowager's car- 
 riage ; a widow's arms being on a 
 lozenge. 
 
 I am retired hither like an old summer- 
 dowager ; only that I have no toad-eater to 
 take the air with me in the back part of my 
 lozenge-coach, and to be scolded. Walvole, 
 to Mann, ii. 172 (1746). 
 
 LOZEXGED, shaped like a lozenge. 
 
 There shot out the friendly gleam again 
 from the lozenyed panes of a very small 
 latticed window. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. 
 xxviii. 
 
 LUBBERLINESS, loutishness ; clumsy 
 weight. 
 
 You, like a lazy hulk, whose stupendous 
 magnitude is full big enough to load an ele- 
 phant with lubberliness. T. Uroicn, Works, 
 ii. 179. 
 
 LDBBER'S-HOLE, the vacant space be- 
 tween the head of a lower mast, and 
 the edge of the top ; it offers an easier 
 way of getting into the top than by the 
 futtock shrouds. 
 
 And yet, Sir Joseph, Fame reports you stole 
 To Fortune's top-mast through the lubber- 
 hole. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 232. 
 I was afraid to venture, and then he pro- 
 posed that I should go through lubber's hole, 
 which he said had been made for people 
 like me. I agreed to attempt it, as it appeared 
 more easy, and at last arrived ... in the 
 main-top. Marryatt, P. Sim^ile, ch. vii. 
 
 LUCENCY, brightness ; lustre. 
 
 These are the Septemberers (Septem- 
 briseurs) ; a name of some note aud lucency, 
 but lucency of the Nether-fire sort. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. I. ch. vi. 
 
 LDCIFEROUS, devilish. The Diets, 
 have the word in the sense of light- 
 bringing. 
 
 I must teach ye ones again to frame your 
 sentences, els wold ye couple your sorcerous 
 masmongers with God's maiestye in one 
 honour, which we wil not take at your luci- 
 ferus perswasyons. Bale's Decl. of Banner's 
 Articles, 1554 (Art. i.). 
 
 LUCKLEST, most unlucky. 
 
 Nay faith, mine is the luckiest lot, 
 That ever fell to honest woman yet. 
 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 202. 
 
 LUCKLY, prosperous. 
 
 Our first encounter by fortun lucklye was 
 ayded. Stanyhurst, ^En., II. 394. 
 
 The peaceable days of the wicked, and their 
 luckly proceedings in this world, by the tes- 
 timony of Job, enrageth their impudence 
 against Heaven. Adams, i. 308. 
 
 LUCK-PENNY, a small sum returned 
 by the vendor for luck on the comple- 
 tion of a bargain. H. gives it as a 
 North-country word ; it seems to be 
 current in Ireland also. Cf. LUCK- 
 
 STROKEN. 
 
 Didn't I give fifteen guineas for him, bar- 
 ring the luck-penny ? Miss Edyeworth, 
 Ennm,ch. vi. 
 
 CO 2
 
 L UCKS 
 
 ( 388 ) 
 
 LUNGE 
 
 LUCKS, locks of wool twisted on the 
 linger of a spinner at the distaff. Ken- 
 net defines lucks as." Locks and flocks 
 of coarse and refuse wool ; " also called 
 dag-wool. 
 She straight slipp'd off the wall and band, 
 
 And laid aside her lucks and twitches, 
 And to the hutch she reach'd her hand, 
 
 And gave him out his Sunday breeches. 
 
 loo>nfield, Richard and Kate. 
 
 LUCK-STROKEN, having received the 
 luck-penny, q. v. 
 
 Go, take possession of the church-porch door, 
 And ring thy bells, luckstroken in thy fist ; 
 The parsonage is thine or ere thou wist. 
 
 Hall, Satires, II. v. 17. 
 
 LUCKY. To make or cut one's lucky 
 = (in slang language) to run away. 
 
 That was all out of consideration for 
 Fagin, 'cause the traps know that we work 
 together, and he might have got into trouble 
 if we hadn't made our lucky. Oliver Twist, 
 ch. xviii. 
 
 LUCKY, handy ; unlucky in the oppo- 
 site sense is not uncommon. 
 
 Bellm. Perhaps I may have occasion to 
 use you, you used to be a lucky rogue upou 
 a pinch. 
 
 Mast. Ay, master, and I have not forgot 
 it yet. 
 
 Centlivre, Love's Contrivance, Act I. 
 
 LUCRATIVE, greedy of gain. 
 
 He requires no such diligence as the most 
 part of our lucrative lawyers do use, in defer- 
 ring and prolonging of matters and actions 
 from term to term. Latimer,i. 110. 
 
 LUCUBRATE, to study by candle-light; 
 hence generally, to discuss. 
 
 I like to speak and luculrate my fill. 
 
 Byron, Beppo, st. 47. 
 
 LUDDITES, machine- breakers ; so 
 called from Ned Lud, an idiot who'Jiad 
 a propensity for breaking frames. They 
 first rose towards the end of 1811, and 
 had a skirmish with the military in 
 1812. The Rejected Addresses pub- 
 lished in the following October refer 
 to them more than once. 
 "Who makes the quartern loaf and Luddites 
 
 rise? 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected 
 Addresses, p. 5. 
 
 A sanguinary plot has been formed by 
 some united Irishmen combined with a gang 
 of Luddites. Ibid., p. 150. 
 
 LUDLAM'S DOG. Cotton in a marginal 
 note to the first extract says, " "Tis a 
 proverb that Ludlams Dog lean'd his 
 head against a wall when he went to 
 
 bark." A correspondent of N. and Q., 
 I. i. 382, observes that the phrase is 
 very familiar in South Yorkshire, 
 especially in Sheffield ; another version 
 is that the dog laid himself down to 
 bark. 
 
 Squire JEneas, huge Tarpawlin, 
 Like Ludlam's Curr on truckle lolling. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 1. 
 
 Who was Ludlam whose dog was so lazy 
 that he leant his head against a wall to bark ? 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 LUE, to sift. 
 
 I had new models made of the sieves for 
 lueina, the box and trough, the huddle, 
 wreck, and tool. Miss Edyeworth, Lame 
 Jervas,ch. ii. 
 
 LUG-LOAF, heavy ; loutish. 
 
 She had little reason to take a cullian, lug- 
 loaf, milksop slave, when she may have a 
 lawyer, a gentleman that stands upon his 
 reputation in the country. Wily Beguiled, 
 (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., iii. 334;. 
 
 LUKET, window ; look-out (?). 
 
 Hope and feare . . made her . . to un- 
 loope her luket or casement, to looke whence 
 the blasts came. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl 
 Misc., vi. 168). 
 
 LUMMY, first-rate (slang). Robinson 
 (Whitby Glossary, E. D. S.) gives it 
 as a word used in that neighbourhood. 
 " A lummy lick = a delicious morsel." 
 
 To think of Jack Dawkins lummy Jack 
 the Dodger the artful Dodger going 
 abroad for a common twopenny-halfpenny 
 sneeze-box. Dickens, Oliver Ttrist, ch. xliii. 
 
 LUMPERS, militia-men. 
 
 He hath a cursed spite to us because we 
 shot his father. He was going to bring the 
 lumpers upon us, only he was afeared, last 
 winter. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. 
 xxxviii. 
 
 LUNARY, white as the moonlight (?). 
 
 Cause then your parlour to be kept carefully, 
 
 Wash'd, rubb'd, pcrf um'd, haug'd round from 
 top to bottom 
 
 With pure white lunary tap'stry, or needle- 
 work ; 
 
 But if 'twere cloth of silver, 'twere much 
 better. Albumazar, ii. 3. 
 
 LUNGE, to run a horse round in a 
 ring. 
 
 He came one day as the coachman was 
 lutiyiny Georgy round the lawn on the gray 
 pony. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, ch. xlvi. 
 
 The centre of this quad, in place of the 
 trim grass-plat, is occupied by a tan lunyiny 
 ring. //. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. iii.
 
 LUNG LESS 
 
 (389 ) 
 
 LYRIC 
 
 LUN'GTvESS, Without ItUlgS. 
 A body heartlesse, lunulesse, tonguelesse 
 too. Sylvester, Trophies, 760. 
 
 LURCH, a game at tables. See L., 
 who, however, gives no example. 
 
 By two of my table-men in the corner- 
 point I have gained the lurch. Urquhart's 
 Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xii. 
 
 My mind was only running upon the lurch 
 and tric-trac. Ilrid., Bk. III. ch. xii. 
 
 Lady has cried her eyes out on losing 
 
 a lurch, and almost her wig. Walpole, 
 Letters, iv. 371 (1784). 
 
 LURCH, a swindle. 
 
 The tapster having many of these lurches 
 fell to decay. Peelers Jests, p. 619. 
 
 LURCH. To lie at lurch = to lay wait. 
 
 Another Epicurean companie, lying at 
 lurch, as so many vultures, watching for a 
 prey of Church goods, and ready to rise by 
 the downfall of any. Burton, Democ. to 
 Reader, p. 29. 
 
 LURIPUPS, tricks ; antics (?). 
 
 I see you have little to doe that have so 
 much leisure to play your luripups. Breton, 
 Packet of Letters, p. 34. 
 
 LURK BACK, to snatch back. 
 
 Mine are those herbs, mine those charms, 
 that not only lurk lack (revocat) swift time 
 when past and gone, but, what is more to 
 be admired, clip its wing, and prevent all 
 farther flight. Rennet's Erasmus's Praise of 
 Folly, p. 18. 
 
 LUSH, intoxicating drink ; said to be 
 derived from Lushington, a brewer; 
 also, as a verb, to drink. 
 
 Two half - quartern brans, pound of best 
 fresh, piece of double Glo'ster, and, to wind 
 up all, some of the richest sort you ever 
 lushed. Oliver Tirist, ch. xxxix. 
 
 " He gave us a thundering supper ; lots of 
 lush." " What is lush ? " " Tea, and coffee, 
 and barley-water, my dear." Reade, Never 
 too late to mend, ch. 1. 
 
 LUSHEY, tipsy. 
 
 It was half-past four when I got to Somers- 
 Town, and then I was so uncommon lushey 
 that I couldn't find the place where the 
 latch-key went in. Pickicick Papers, ch. xx. 
 
 LUSKARD, a kind of grape. 
 
 It is a celestial food to eat for breakfast 
 hot fresh cakes with grapes, especially the 
 frail clusters, the great red grapes, the mus- 
 cadine, the verjuice grape, and the luskard. 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxv. 
 
 LUTE, to sound sweetly like a lute. 
 And in the air, her new voice luting soft, 
 Cried, " Lycius ! gentle Lycius ! " 
 
 Keats, Lamia. 
 
 Knaves are men 
 
 That lute and flute fantastic tenderness, 
 And dress the victim to the offering up. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
 
 LUTRIN, a lectern. 
 
 Sacristies, lutrins, altar-rails, are pulled 
 down ; the mass-books torn into cartridge 
 papers. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk V. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 LUTULENT, muddy. 
 
 These then are the waters, . . . the lutulent, 
 spumy, maculatory waters of sin. Adams, i. 
 166. 
 
 LUXATE, out of joint. R. and L. 
 have the word, but only with quotation 
 from Wiseman's Surgery. 
 
 Spotted we were, and nothing but naked- 
 ness was left to cover us ; sick, but without 
 care of our cure ; deformed and luxate with 
 the prosecution of vanities. Adams, i. 399. 
 
 LYDDERN, an idle fellow ; one who is 
 lither. 
 
 It is better (they say in Northfolke) that 
 younge Lyddernes wepe than olde men. 
 Vocacyion of John Bale, 1553 (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 439). 
 
 LYING TO, adjacent to. 
 
 Neither bee there wanting woods heere 
 . . . aud parkes ; for many there are lying to 
 Noblemen's and gentlemen's houses re- 
 plenished with game. Holland's Camden, p. 
 459. 
 
 LYNCE, a lynx (Bp. Hall, quoted by 
 R., has ' lyncean 1 ). 
 
 This prudent counsellor unto his prince, 
 Whose wit was busied with his mistress' heal, 
 Secret conspiracies could well convince ; 
 "Whose insight pierced the sharp-eyed lynce ; 
 He is dead. 
 
 Greene, Maiden's Dream (Prudence). 
 
 LYNCH, to punish without legal pro- 
 cess ; to take the infliction of punish- 
 ment into private hands. Some attri- 
 bute the origin of the term to a farmer 
 of this name in Virginia or Carolina, 
 who acted thus ; some to a commander 
 called Lynch, who in 1687-8 was sent 
 to suppress piracy on American coasts 
 (the term is said to have come into use 
 at end of 17th century), while others 
 refer it to a word lingeor lynch=tobeat, 
 still current in some parts of England. 
 
 The prison was burst open by the mob, 
 and George was lynched, as he deserved. 
 Emerson, Eng. Traits, ch. ix. 
 
 LYRIC, to sing in a lyrical way. 
 
 Parson Punch makes a very good shift still, 
 and lyrics over his part in an anthem very 
 handsomely. T. Brown, Works^ ii. 249.
 
 L YR1SM 
 
 ( 390 ) MACHICOLATED 
 
 LYRISM, musical performance. 
 
 The lyrism, which had at first only mani- 
 fested itself by David's sotto voce perform- 
 ance of " My love's a rose without a thorn," 
 had gradually assumed a rather deafening 
 and complex character. G. Eliot, Adam 
 ede, ch. liii. 
 
 LYTHE, a species of cod. 
 
 There is no need for good fishing when 
 
 you catch lythe ... It is only a big white 
 fly you will need, and a long line, and when 
 the fish takes the fly, down he goes, a great 
 depth. Then when you have got him, and 
 he is killed, you must cut the sides as you 
 see that is done, and string him to a rope 
 and trail him behind the boat all the way 
 home. If you do not that, it is no use at all 
 to eat. Ulack, Princess of Thule, ch. ii. 
 
 M 
 
 M. To have no M. under your 
 girdle = to be wanting in proper re- 
 spect, i. e. not to use the title, Mr. or 
 Madam. 
 Mery. Hoighdagh, if faire mistresse Cus- 
 
 tauce sawe you now, 
 Kalph Koyster Doister were hir owne I 
 
 warrant you. 
 
 Eoyster. Neare an M by your girdle ? 
 Mery. Your goode mastershyps 
 
 Maistershyp were her owne mistreshyp's 
 mistreshyp. 
 
 Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 
 Miss. The devil take you, Neverout, besides 
 all small curses. 
 
 Lady Ans. Marry come up, what, plain 
 Neverout ? methiuks you might have an M 
 under your girdle, Miss. Swift, Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv, i.). 
 
 MACARONI, a dandy. The Spectator 
 (No. 47) uses the word of a jack-pud- 
 ding. The earliest use of it in its 
 other sense that I have met with is in 
 an epilogue by Goldsmith ; the second 
 quotation assigns the origin of the 
 word 
 
 To this strange spot rakes, maccaronies, cits, 
 Come thronging to collect their scatter'd 
 
 wits. 
 Goldsmith, Epilogue to an uncertain play. 
 
 The Italians are extremely fond of a dish 
 they call Macaroni, composed of a kind of 
 paste ; and as they consider this as the sum- 
 mum bonum of all good eating, so they figura- 
 tively call every thing they think elegant 
 and uncommon Macaroni. Our young travel- 
 lers, who generally catch the follies of the 
 countries they visit, judged that the title of 
 Macaroni was very applicable to a clever fel- 
 low ; and accordingly, to distinguish them- 
 selves as such, they instituted a Club under 
 this denomination, the members of which 
 were supposed to be the standards of taste. 
 The infection at St. James's was soon caught 
 in the city, and we have now Macaronies of 
 every denomination, from the Colonel of the 
 Train 'd-Bands down to the Printer's Devil, 
 or errand-boy. They indeed make a most 
 
 ridiculous figure, with hats of an inch hi the 
 brim, that do not cover, but lie upon the 
 head ; with about two pounds of fictitious 
 hair, formed into what is called a club, hang- 
 ing down their shoulders, as white as a 
 baker's sack : the end of the skirt of their 
 coat reaches not down to the first button of 
 their breeches, which are either brown striped, 
 or white, as wide as a Dutchman's ; their 
 coat-sleeves are so tight they can with much 
 difficulty get their arms through the cuffs, 
 which are about an inch deep, aud their shirt- 
 sleeve, without plaits, is pulled over a bit of 
 Trolly Lace. Their legs are at times covered 
 with all the colours of the raiubow ; even 
 flesh-coloured and green silk stockings are 
 not excluded. Their shoes are scarce slip- 
 pers, aud their buckles within an inch of 
 the toe. Such a figure, essenced and per- 
 fumed, with a bunch of lace sticking out 
 under its chin, puzzles the common passen- 
 ger to determine the thing' 's sex ; and many 
 have said, by your leave, madam, without 
 intending to give offence. Pocketbook, 1773. 
 
 MACAROON, a sort of sweet cake or 
 biscuit. The word in this sense is 
 given in L. with a quotation from Miss 
 Acton's Cookery Book, 1850; the ex- 
 tract is nearly 240 years older. 
 If you chance meet with boxes of white 
 
 comfits, 
 Marchpane, and dry sucket, macaroons, and 
 
 diet- bread, 
 'Twill help on well. Albumazar, ii. 3. 
 
 MACCO, a gambling game. 
 
 The servant brought back word that the 
 play-party had not yet broken up ; his uncle 
 was still at the macco-isible. Th. Hook, Man 
 of many friends. 
 
 When the supper was done, and the 
 gentlemen as usual were about to seek the 
 na-0-table upstairs, Harry said he was not 
 going to play any more. Thackeray, The Vir- 
 ginians, ch. liii. 
 
 MACHICOLATED, furnished with machi- 
 colations, or holes made through the 
 roof of portals to the floor above, so 
 that molten pitch, &c., might be
 
 MACHINE 
 
 MADPASH 
 
 poured down on the heads of assail- 
 ants. 
 
 The oak-door is heavy and brown. 
 And with iron it's plated, and machicolated 
 To pour boiling oil and lead down. 
 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Bloudie Jacke). 
 The lofty walls of the old ballium still 
 stood, with their machicolated turrets, loop- 
 holes, and dark downward crannies for drop- 
 ping stones and fire on the besiegers. C. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. vii. 
 The wide-wing'd sunset of the misty marsh 
 Glared on a huge machicolated tower, 
 That stood with open doors. 
 
 Tennyson, The Last Tournament. 
 
 MACHINE, a carriage or coach : the 
 only vehicle now so called is a bathing 
 machine. 
 
 " Here, you my attendants," cried she, 
 stamping with her foot, " let my machine be 
 driven up ; Barbacela, Queen of Emmets, is 
 not used to contemptuous treatment." She 
 had no sooner spoken than her fiery chariot 
 appeared in the air. Goldsmith, Citizen of 
 the World, Letter xlviii. 
 E'en though I'd the honour of sitting 
 
 between 
 
 My lady Stuff-Damask and Peggy Moreen, 
 Who both flew to Bath in the nightly 
 
 machine. 
 
 Anstey, New Bath Guide, Letter xiii. 
 
 A pair of bootikins will set out to-morrow 
 morning in the machine that goes from the 
 Queen's Head in the Gray's Inn Lane. To 
 be certain, you had better send for them 
 where the machine inns. Walpole, Letters, 
 iv. 12 (1775). 
 
 " Coachman, if you don't go this moment, 
 I shall get out," said Mr. Minns ..." Going 
 this minute, sir," was the reply : and accord- 
 ingly the machine trundled on for a couple of 
 hundred yards. Sketches by Boz (Mr. Minns). 
 
 MACHINIZE, to fashion or form. 
 
 The traveller . . reads quietly The Times 
 newspaper, which, by its immense corre- 
 spondence and reporting, seems to have 
 machinized the rest of the world for his 
 occasion. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. iii. 
 
 MACKE, some species of bird. 
 
 One Curtius . . when he supped on a time 
 with Augustus toke vp a leane birde of the 
 kinde of blacke mackes out of the dishe, and, 
 holding it in his hand,he demaunded of Caesar 
 whether he might send it awaie. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 274. 
 
 MACKNINNY, puppet show (?). 
 
 He was good at draught and design, and 
 could make hieroglyphics of Popery and 
 arbitrary power ; and represent emblematic- 
 ally the downfall of majesty as in his raree- 
 show and mackninny, as I touched before. 
 North, Examen, p. 590. 
 
 MACULATORY, defiling. 
 
 These then are the waters . . . the lutu- 
 lent, spumy, maculatory waters of sin. 
 Adams, i. 166. 
 
 MADAM, to address as madam. See 
 extract from Southey, s. v. SIR. 
 
 I am reminded of my vowed obedience; 
 Madam'd up perhaps to matrimonial per- 
 fection. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, viii. 303. 
 
 MADBRAIN, a madcap. Shakespeare 
 has it as an adjective (Taming of the 
 Shrew, iii. 2) : so also has Davies 
 (Paper's Complaint, 1. 14). 
 
 Here's a madbrain o' th' first rate, whose 
 pranks scorn to have presidents. Middleton, 
 A mad uorld my Masters, Act I. 
 
 Brent, a wilde madbraine, wns at length 
 banished out of the realme. Holland's Cam- 
 den, p._812. 
 
 MADDER, a wooden vessel, mazer (?). 
 Usquebaugh to our feast 
 
 In pails was brought up, 
 An hundred at least, 
 And a madder our cup. 
 
 Swift, Irish Feast. 
 
 MADKFY, moisten. 
 
 The time was when the Bonners and 
 butchers rode over the faces of God's saints, 
 and madefied the earth with their bloods. 
 Adams, i. 85. 
 
 MADHEAD, mad fellow. 
 
 Some madhead in the world might have as 
 much leysure to read as I had [to] write. 
 Breton, Merry Wonders (To the Header). 
 
 MADHEADED, giddy ; crazy. 
 Hee that will put himselfe in needelesse 
 
 daunger 
 To followe a mad-headed companie. 
 
 Breton, Pasquil's Fooles-cappe, p. 23. 
 
 For a few mad-headed wenches, they seek 
 to bring all, yea, most modest matrons, and 
 almost all women in contempt. Ibid., Praise 
 of Vertuous Ladies, p. 56. 
 
 MADLING, mad or going mad ; also a 
 mad person : still used in neighbour- 
 hood of Whitby. See Robinson's Glos- 
 sary (E. D. S.). 
 Som takes a staf for hast, and leaues his 
 
 launce, 
 Some madlinti runnes, som trembles in a 
 
 traunce. Hudson, Judith, vi. 240. 
 
 Gooid-for-naught madling ! . . . flinging 
 t' precious gifts o' God under fooit. E. 
 Bronte, Wutheriny Heights, ch. xiii. 
 
 MADPASH, wild ; cracked. 
 
 Let us leave this madpash bedlam, this 
 hair-brained fop. Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. xxv.
 
 MADRIGALLER ( 392 ) MAGNIFICAT 
 
 MADRIGALLER, a composer of madri- 
 gals. L. has madrigaiist. 
 
 Sonneteers, songsters, satyrists, panegy- 
 rists, madriyallers, and such like impedi- 
 ments of Parnassus. Tom Broicn, Works, 
 ii. 155. 
 
 MAFFLED. See extract : maffle = to 
 stammer is in the Diets. 
 
 She was what they call in the country 
 muffled, that is, confused in her intellect. 
 Southey, Letters, 1820 (iii. 186). 
 
 MAG, an abbreviation of magazine. 
 And now of Hawkesbury they talked, 
 Who wrote iu mays for hire. 
 
 Wol'cot, P. Pindar, p. 309. 
 
 MAG, a halfpenny (slang). 
 
 If he don't keep such a business as the 
 present as close as possible, it can't be worth 
 a mag to him. Dickens, Bleak House, ch. liv. 
 
 As long as he had a " may " to bless him- 
 self with, he would always be a lazy, useless 
 humbug. H. Kinysley, Kavenshoe, ch. ix. 
 
 MAG, talk, chattering (?): the expres- 
 sion in the extract is Mrs. Thrale's. 
 
 " I can figure like anything when I am 
 with those who can't figure at all." 
 
 Mrs. T. " Oh, if you have any may in you, 
 we'll draw it out." Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, \. 
 100. 
 
 MAGAR, a great ship. 
 
 Filling our seas with stately argosies, 
 Calvars and mayars, hulks of burden great. 
 Greene, Orl. Fur., I. i. 
 
 MAGAZINE, to store. 
 
 He entered among the Papists only to get 
 information of persons and particulars, with 
 such secrets as he could spy out, that being 
 mayazined up in a diary might serve for 
 materials. North, Examen, p. 222. 
 
 MAGGOT, seems to be used in the 
 extract as we might use butterfly, a 
 careless, idle fellow. The original is 
 nihil fuerit te nngaciits. Akerman's 
 Wilts. Glossary (1842) gives magotty=- 
 frisky, playful. A man suffering from 
 rheumatism told me that in the fine 
 weather he went about " as peart as a 
 maggot." 
 
 To. I admire you had so much prudence, 
 when you were as great a mayynt as any in 
 the world when you were at Paris. 
 
 Gl. Then my age did permit a little wild- 
 ness. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 177. 
 
 MAGGS DIVERSIONS. One of the titles 
 thought of by Dickens for the book 
 which eventually was called David 
 QopperUdd was " Mag's Diversions, 
 being the personal history of Mr. 
 
 Thomns Mag the younger of Blunder- 
 stone House." It is to this he refers in 
 the second quotation. 
 
 "Who was Magy, and what was his diver- 
 sion ? was it brutal, or merely boorish ? the 
 boisterous exuberance of rude and unruly 
 mirth, or the gratification of a tyrannical 
 temper and a cruel disposition ? Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 I suppose I should have to add though by 
 way of motto, And in short it led to the very 
 May's Diversions. Old saying. Or would it 
 be better, there being equal authority for 
 either, And in short they all played May's 
 Diversions. Old Saying? Forster, Life of 
 Dickens, Vol. II. ch. xx. 
 
 MAGIAN, magician. L. has the word 
 as an adjective = pertaining to the 
 magi. 
 
 Leave her to me, rejoined the magian. 
 
 Keats, Cap and Bells, st. 60. 
 
 MAGISTERIALITY, domination. R. and 
 L. have the word in its technical 
 chemical sense. 
 
 "When these statutes were first in the state 
 or maaisteriality thereof, they were severely 
 put in practice. Fuller, Ch. Hist., Bk. IX. 
 iv. 11. 
 
 MAGISTRATICAL, pertaining to magis- 
 trates. 
 
 They are allowed the highest marks of 
 mayistraticat. honour; scarlet gowns, the 
 Sword, and Cap of Maintenance, and four 
 Sergeants at Mace. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, ii. 324. 
 
 MAGNANIMATE, to cheer; make great- 
 hearted. 
 
 Present danger maynanimates them, and 
 inflames their courage, but expectation makes 
 it languish. Howell, Dodona's Grove, p. 4. 
 
 MAGNIFICAT. The proverb is ex- 
 plained in the extract. 
 
 A swine to teache Miuerua was a proverbe 
 against soche . . . that wil take vpon theim 
 to be doctours in those thinges in whiche 
 theimselfes haue no skill at all, for whiche 
 we saie in Englishe, to correct Magnificat lie- 
 fare he h an e learned Te Deum. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 380. 
 
 MAGNIFICAT AT MATTINS, something 
 out of place : in the second quotation 
 it is the same expression in the original. 
 
 The note is here all out of place . . . and 
 so their note comes in like Maynificat at 
 mattins. Andreicef, Sermons, v. 49. 
 
 He shoed the geese, tickled himself to 
 make himself laugh, and was cook-ruffin in 
 the kitchen ; made a mock at the gods, would 
 cause sing Maynificat at matins, and found it
 
 MAGNILOQUENT ( 393 ) 
 
 MAIN 
 
 very convenient so to do. Urquhart's 
 Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 MAGNILOQUENT, high and mighty in 
 speech. R. and L. have magniloquence, 
 each with the same quotation from 
 Bentley. 
 
 She was a trifle more magniloquent than 
 usual, and entertained us with stories of 
 colonial governors and their ladies. Thacke- 
 ray, Neiccomes, ch. xxiii. 
 
 MAGNISONANT, great-sounding. 
 
 He was an anonymous cat ; and I having 
 just related at breakfast with universal ap- 
 plause, the story of Rumpelstilzcheu from a 
 German tale in Grimm's collection, gave him 
 that strange and maqmsoitaiit appellation. 
 Southey, The Doctor (Cats of Greta Hall). 
 
 MAGPIE, sixpence (slang). 
 
 I'm at low-water-mark myself only one 
 bob and a mac/pie ; but as far as it goes I'll 
 fork out and stump. Up with you on your 
 pins. There ; now then, Morrice. Dickens, 
 Oliver Twist, ch. viii. 
 
 MAGPIE, a name frequently applied 
 to bishops from the mingled black and 
 white of their robes ; it is now those 
 garments, not the wearers, which usu- 
 ally bear the name. Other references 
 will be found in N. and Q., IV. xi. 220. 
 Lawyers, as vultures, had soar'd up and 
 
 down, 
 
 Prelates, like magpies, in the air had flown, 
 Had not the eagle's letter brought to light 
 That subterranean horrid work of night. 
 
 Hovel I, Verses prefixed to Familiar Letters. 
 
 Root out of them all Anti-Christian 
 tyranny of most abominable Bishops ; let 
 not those Silkworms and Maypies have 
 dominion over us. T. Broicn, Works, i. 107. 
 
 MAHOGANY. See extract : the date 
 of the conversation is 1781. In 
 Haydn's Diet, of Dates (ed. Vincent) 
 it is stated of the wood, il Mahogany is 
 said to have been brought to England 
 by Raleigh in 1595, and to have come 
 into general use about 1720." Sonthey 
 refers to this liquor (The Doctor, Inter- 
 chapter xvi.) but his notice of it is 
 evidently taken from Boswell. 
 
 Mr. Eliot mentioned a curious liquor pecu- 
 liar to his country, which the Cornish fisher- 
 men drink. They call it mahogany ; and it 
 is made of two parts gin and one part treacle, 
 well beaten together. I begged to have 
 some of it made, which was done with proper 
 skill by Mr. Eliot. I thought it very good 
 liquor ; and said it was a counterpart of 
 what is called Athol porridfje in the High- 
 lands of Scotland, which is a mixture of 
 whiskey and honey. Johnson said, " that 
 must be a better liquor than the Cornish, for 
 
 both its component parts are better." He 
 also observed, ' Mahogany must be a modern 
 name ; for it is not long since the wood called 
 mahogany was known iu this country." 
 Jfoswell, Life of Johnson, viii. 53 (ed. 1835). 
 
 MAHOMETICAL, Mahometan. 
 
 Your understanding is drown'd in sensu- 
 ality, . . and you are stark mad with your 
 Mahometical happiness. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 282. 
 
 "What shall I say ... of those obscenities 
 that make up here the Mahometical Elysium 
 of libertines, and in good time will throw 
 them into the real hell of Christians ? Ibid., 
 p. 561. 
 
 MAHOMETIST, Mahometan; Turk. 
 The extract is from a translation of the 
 work quoted, made by W. T., 1604. 
 
 He [Charles the Great] became so great, 
 that the King of the Mahometists sought his 
 friendship. Pedro Mexia, Hist, of all the 
 Roman Emperors, p. 525. 
 
 MAHOMITK, Mahometan. 
 
 Christian cor'siue ! that the Mahomite 
 With hundred thousands in Vienna plaine, 
 
 His mooned standards hath already pight ; 
 Prest to join Austrich to his Thracian 
 raigne. 
 Sylvester, Miracle of Peace, Sonnet 38. 
 
 MAIDEN' S-BLUSH, a name for the gar- 
 den rose. 
 
 1 came, 'tis true, and lookt for fowle of price, 
 The bastard phenix, bird of paradice ; 
 
 And for no less than aromatick wine 
 Of may dens-blush, commixt with jessimine. 
 Herrick. Hesperides, p. 281. 
 
 MAIDLY, effeminate. 
 O cowards all, and maydly men, 
 Of courage faynt and weake. 
 
 Gooae. Epitaphe on M. Shelley. 
 
 MAID OF ALL WORK, a servant who 
 
 does all the work of the house. One 
 
 of the characters in Miss Austen's Sense 
 
 and Sensibility, ch. xxxviii., speaks of 
 
 " A stout girl of all u-orks." 
 
 MAIHBME, the offence of maiming 
 another. 
 
 Who is he (though he be greued never so 
 sore) for the murdre of his ancestre, rauisshe- 
 ment of his wyfe. of his doughter, robbery, 
 trespas, maiheme, dette, or eny other offence 
 dare ley it theyre charge by any wey of 
 accion. Simon Fish, Supplication of the JJey- 
 gars, p. 8. 
 
 MAIN, to furl. 
 
 When it is a tempest almost intolerable 
 for other ships, and maketh them main all 
 their sails, these hoist up theirs, and sail 
 excellently well. T. Stevens, 1579 (Eng. 
 Garner, i. 132).
 
 MAINPRISER 
 
 ( 394 ) MALEFACTOR 
 
 MAINPRISER, surety. 
 
 The same yeere [1317] the Potentates of 
 Ireland assembled themselves to the Parlia- 
 ment at Dublin : and there was the Earle of 
 Ulster enlarged, who tooke his oath, aud 
 found mainprisers or sureties to answer the 
 writs of law and to pursue the Kings enemies. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 176. 
 
 MAJOR, of age. 
 
 The young King (Louis XFV.) who had 
 lately been declared major, had gone through 
 the solemnity of his coronation. Godwin, 
 Mandeville, ii. 225. 
 
 MAJOR, to strut. 
 
 Can it be for the puir body M'Durk's 
 health to major about in the tartans like a 
 tobacconist's sign in a frosty morning ? 
 Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 11. 
 
 MAJORATE, to augment. Bacon has 
 maj oration. 
 
 Then the conformative and proper opera- 
 tions of the rationall soul begin upon the 
 embryo, who proceeds to majoration and 
 augmentation accordingly ; and it is no lesse 
 then an absurdity to think that the infant 
 after conception should be majorated by the 
 influence of any other soul than that from 
 whom he received his formation. Hoicell, 
 Parly of lieasts, p. 142. 
 
 MAJOR-DOMO. See quotation. 
 
 This word is borrowed of the Spaniard 
 and Italian, and therefore new aud not usuall, 
 but to them that are acquainted with the 
 affaires of court ; and so for his jolly magni- 
 ficence (as this case is) may be accepted 
 among courtiers, for whom this is specially 
 written. A man might haue said in stead of 
 Maior-domo the French word (maistre d' 
 hostell) but ilfauoredly, or the right English 
 word, Lord Steward. But methinks for my 
 owne opinion this word maiordomo, though 
 he be borrowed, is more acceptable than any 
 of the rest. futtenham, I'oesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 MAKE-GAME, a butt. 
 
 I was treated as nothing, a flouting-stock 
 and a make-game, a monstrous and abortive 
 birth, created for no other end than to be 
 the scoff of my fellows. Godwin, Mande- 
 ville, i. 263. 
 
 MAKE-KING, a name given to the E. 
 of Warwick, the king-maker. 
 
 Anne Beauchamp . . . married to Richard 
 Nevil, Earl of Salisbury and Warwick ; com- 
 monly called the Make-King, and may not 
 she then, by a courteous proportion, be 
 termed the Make-Queen. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Oxford (ii. 223). 
 
 MAKE-LAW, ordaining laws. " Make- 
 law Ceres " is Stanyhurst's translation 
 (yfire., iv. 61) of legiferce Cereri. 
 
 MAKESHIFT, an imperfect or rough 
 substitute for something better ; also 
 used adjectivally. 
 
 " When will life return to this cathedral 
 system ? " " When was it ever a living 
 system," answered the other ; " when was it 
 ever anything but a transitionary makeshift 
 since the dissolution of the monasteries ? " 
 C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. xvii. 
 
 One is apt to read in a makeshift attitude, 
 just where it might seem inconvenient to do 
 so. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xv. 
 
 I am not a model clergyman, only a decent 
 makeshift. Ibid., ch. xvii. 
 
 MAKE-UP, appearance produced by 
 dress, bearing, habits, &c. 
 
 Perhaps he owed this freedom from the 
 sort of professional make-up which penetrates 
 skin, tones, and gestures, and defies all 
 drapery, to the fact that he had once been 
 Captain Gaskin. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 MAKING, a poem. 
 
 For fro thy makings milk and mellie flowes, 
 To feed the songster-swaiues with Art's soot- 
 meats. Davits, Eclogue, 1. 20. 
 
 MALAPPROPRIATE, to misapply. 
 
 She thrust the hearth-brush into the grates 
 in mistake for the poker, and mal-appropri- 
 ated several other articles of her craft. Miss 
 E. jBronte, Wutheriny Heights, ch. xxxii. 
 
 MALAPROPOISM, unsuitable and blun- 
 dering conduct or speech. 
 
 Sadly annoyed he is sometimes by her 
 malapropoisms. Miss Edyeworth, Helen, ch. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 MALARIOUS, pertaining to or causing 
 malaria, i. e. impurity of air arising 
 from bad drainage, decomposing vege- 
 table matter. &c. 
 
 If it shall awaken the ministers of religion 
 to preach that [Sanitary Reform] I hardly 
 ought to doubt it till there is not a fever 
 alley or a malarious ditch left in any British 
 city, then, indeed, this fair and precious life 
 will not have been imperilled in vain. C'. 
 Kingsley, 1871 (Life, ii. 279). 
 
 MALEFACTOR, usually = criminal, 
 but sometimes = one who has injured 
 another, and is opposed to benefactor. 
 Fuller (Hist, of Cambridge, iv. 19) 
 mentions that Edward IV. took land 
 from King's College to the value of 
 1000 a year: the margin has, "King 
 Edward the fourth a malefactour to 
 this College." And again (Ibid. viii. 
 28), "Some Benefactors in repute are 
 Malefactors in effect." The malefactor 
 referred to by Brooke is a lawyer who
 
 MALEFIC ATE 
 
 ( 395 ) 
 
 MAMMON1TE 
 
 had led his client into long and useless 
 litigation. 
 
 George "Warmhouse was mounted on a 
 round ambling nag, and rode much at his 
 ease by the chariot of his malefactor. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 252. 
 
 MALEFICATE, to bewitch. The Diets, 
 have malificiate. 
 
 Exorcist. What will not a man do when 
 once he is malejlcated ! 
 
 Eunuch. Ay, and who could bring him 
 round without your help ? 
 
 Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, ii. 4. 
 
 MALEFICIAL, injurious. 
 
 The late mention of the prelate's advice 
 in passing a law so maleficial unto them, 
 giueth me just occasion to name some, the 
 principal persons of the Clergie present 
 thereat. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. vi. 14. 
 
 MALEVOLO (Ital.), a malicious person. 
 Cf . CORIOSO, FURIOSO, &c. 
 
 Many plots were discovered daily against 
 our religion and our laws, in which ye 
 Machiavels of Westminster, ye Malevolos, 
 might have claimed the chiefest livery, as 
 Beelzebub's nearest attendants. British 
 Bellman, 1648 (Harl. Misc., vii. 625). 
 
 MALIGNANT, a name given by the 
 Roundheads to the Cavaliers. R. gives 
 a quotation from Clarendon. 
 
 About this time [1641] the word Malign- 
 ant was first born (as to the common use,) in 
 Englaud ; the deduction thereof being dis- 
 putable, whether from malus ignis, bad fire ; 
 or, malum lignum, bad fewell ; but this is 
 sure, betwixt both, the name made a com- 
 bustion all over England. It was fixed as a 
 note of disgrace on those of the King's party. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. iv. 32. 
 
 MAL-INFLUENCE, evil influence. 
 
 Opium . . . left the body weaker and 
 more crazy, and thus predisposed to any 
 mal-influence whatever. De Quincey, Conf. 
 of Opium-eater (Appendix). 
 
 MALT, to drink beer (slang). 
 She drank nothing lower than cura9oa 
 Maraschino, or pink noyau, 
 And on principle never malted. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 MALT ABOVE WHEAT. To have the 
 malt above the wheat or the meal is a 
 proverbial expression = to be drunk. 
 The time to which Breton refers is 
 harvest. 
 
 Malt is now above wheat with a number of 
 mad people. Breton, Fantasticks, p. 7. 
 
 When the malt bee/ins to yet above the meal, 
 they'll begin to speak about government in 
 kirk and state. Scott, Old Mortality, ch. iv. 
 
 MALTEE. See extract. 
 
 The vulgar adjective from Malta used by 
 sailors and others in the island is Maltee. I 
 suppose they argued that as the singular of 
 bees is bee, so the singular of Maltese is 
 Maltee. Sir G. C. Lewis, Letters (1837), p. 
 77. 
 
 MALTMAN, maltster. It will be, ac- 
 cording to Gascoigne, among the signs 
 of the Millennium, 
 
 When colliers put no dust into their sacks, 
 When maltemen make us drink no firmentie. 
 Steel Glas, p. 79. 
 
 MALTMASTER, maltster. 
 
 The good sale of malt raiseth the price of 
 barley. ... If the poor cannot reach the 
 price, the malt-master will. Adams, ii. 246. 
 
 MALTY, pertaining to or connected 
 with malt. 
 
 Mysterious men with no names . . fly about 
 all those particular parts of the country, on 
 which Doodle is at present throwing himself 
 in an auriferous and malty shower. Dickens, 
 Bleak House, ch. xl. 
 
 MAMISH, foolish, effeminate, mammy- 
 ish (?). Bp. Hall, speaking of the 
 husband having rule over the wife, 
 
 says 
 
 But why urge I this ? None but some 
 mamish monsters can question it. Works, v. 
 464. 
 
 MAMMAMOUOHI, bufEoonish. 
 
 He drops his mammamouchi outside of 
 Oates's plot in the dark, no more to be heard 
 of in that reign. North, Examen, p. 233. 
 
 MAMMETBOUS, idolatrous. 
 
 John Frith is a great mote in their eyes 
 for so turning over their purgatory, and 
 heaving at their most monstrous mass or 
 mammetrous mazan, which signifieth bread 
 or feeding. Bale, Select Works, p. 165. 
 
 MAMMONISH, devotion to Mammon or 
 gain. 
 
 Alas ! if Hero-worship become Dilettant- 
 ism, and all except Mammonism be a vain 
 grimace, how much in this most earnest 
 earth has gone, and is evermore going, to 
 fatal destruction ! Carlyle, Past and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch. xvi. 
 
 MAMMONITE, a follower or acquirer 
 of gain. Tennyson, in Maud, uses it 
 as an adjective, as Kingsley had before 
 him, in Alton Locke, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 If he will desert his own class, if he will 
 try to become a sham gentleman, a parasite, 
 and, if he can, a Mammonite, the world will 
 compliment him on his noble desire to " rise 
 in life." C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. v.
 
 MAMMOTHREPT ( 396 ) MANY-SAINTS-DAY 
 
 MAMMOTHREPT, a spoilt child. 
 
 And for we are the Mammothrepts of Sinne, 
 Crosse vs with Christ to weane our joys 
 therein. Davie.i, Holy Roode, p. 15. 
 
 MAN, to brave, like a man. 
 
 Ant. "Well, I must man it out; what 
 would the Queen ? Dryden, All for Love, 
 Act II. 
 
 MANAGERIAL, of or belonging to a 
 manager. 
 
 Having providentially been informed, when 
 this poem was on the point of being sent off, 
 that there is but one hautboy in the band, I 
 averted the storm of popular and managerial 
 indignation from the head of its blower. J. 
 and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 158. 
 
 His hour of maxaqtrial responsibility past, 
 he at once laid aside his magisterial austerity. 
 Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xiv. 
 
 At that period of the day, in warm weather, 
 she usually embellished with her genteel 
 presence a managerial board-room over the 
 public office. Dickens, Hard Times, ch. xvii. 
 
 MAN-CASE, body. 
 
 He had an handsome man-case, and better 
 t had been empty with weakness than (as it 
 was) ill fill'd with vibiousness. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., III. vii. 13. 
 
 MANCH (in heraldry), the figure of 
 an ancient sleeve of a coat. 
 A rowle of parchment Clun about him beares, 
 Charg'd with the armes of all his ancestors : 
 And seems halfe ravisht when he looks upon 
 That bar, this bend, that fess, this cheveron, 
 That manch, that moone, this martlet, and 
 that mound. Herrick, Hesptrides, p. 316. 
 
 MANGONIST, a slave-dealer; one who 
 sells men or women. 
 
 I hate, I nauseate a common prostitute 
 who trades with all for gain ; one that sells 
 human flesh, a mamjonist. Revenue, or a 
 Match in Newyate, Act I. 
 
 MANGY, mange. 
 
 The dog whose manny eats away his haire. 
 Stapyltoits Juvenal, viii. 42. 
 
 MANIFESTO, to issue manifestos or 
 declarations. 
 
 I am to be manifestoed against, though no 
 prince ; for Miss Howe threatens to have the 
 case published to the whole world. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, viii. 2(51. 
 
 Serene Highnesses who sit there proto- 
 colliug, and manifestoiny, and consoling man- 
 kind. Carlyle, Pr. Rev., pt. II. Bk. VI. ch. iii. 
 
 MAX IN THE OAK, apparently some 
 sort of sprite or demon. See extract 
 . v. HELL-WAIN. 
 
 MANIPULAR, handling ; having to do 
 with the hands. 
 
 Mr. Squills seized the pen that Roland 
 had thrown down, and began mending it 
 furiously, thereby denoting symbolically how 
 he would like to do with Uncle Jack, could 
 he once get him safe and snug under his 
 manipular operations. Lytton, Uaxtons, Bk. 
 XI. ch. vii. 
 
 MANCEOVRKR, an intriguer. The Diets, 
 have manoeuvre as noun and verb, 
 though these words appear to be of 
 modern introduction, Burke being the 
 earliest authority cited. It will be seen 
 that manoeuwer was regarded by Miss 
 Edgeworth at the beginning of this 
 century as an exotic. 
 
 This charming widow Beaumont is a 
 manoeuvre)-. We can't well make an English 
 word of it. The species, thank Heaven ! is 
 not so numerous yet iu England as to require 
 a generic name. Miss Edyeicorth, Manoeu- 
 vring, ch. i. 
 
 MANSARD, a curb roof. More fully 
 described in a quotation from Gwilt in 
 L., but the subjoined extract gives the 
 period of its introduction. 
 
 Louis XIV. . . covered the roof [of Cham- 
 bord] with unsightly mansards, at the in- 
 stigation of his favourite architect, Mansard. 
 Feudal Castles of France, p. 232. 
 
 MANSIONARY. See extract. 
 
 They might be perhaps the habitations of 
 the mansionaries, or keepers of the Church. 
 Archaol., xiii. 293 (1800). 
 
 MANUARY, a consecrated glove. 
 
 Some brought forth canonizations, some 
 expectations, some pluralities and unions, 
 some tot-quots and dispensations, some par- 
 dons, and these of wonderful variety, some 
 stationaries, some jubilaries, some pocularies 
 for drinkers, some manuaries for handlers 
 of relicks, some pedaries for pilgrims, some 
 oscularies for kissers. Latimer, i. 49. 
 
 MANUFACT, manufacture. 
 And lay the ensigns of their pride, 
 Their silken ornaments, aside ; 
 Which would have been a wholesome act 
 T' encourage woollen maniifact. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 3. 
 
 MANY-FEET, Anglicized name for 
 polypi. 
 Som have their hands groveling betwixt their 
 
 feet, 
 As th' inky Cuttles and the Many-feet. 
 
 Sylvester, Fifth day, first week, 87. 
 
 MANY-SAINTS-DAY, Pentecost. 
 
 Of those three thousand gained (on Many- 
 Saints - Day) by Saint Peter at Jerusalem 
 with the preaching of one sermon, each one 
 might punctually and precisely tell the very
 
 MANY-WEATHERED ( 397 ) MARKS WOMAN 
 
 moment of their true conversion. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., iii.. Dedication. 
 
 MANY- WEATHERED, variable in 
 weather. 
 
 The day, 
 Changeful and many - weathered, seem'd to 
 
 smile. Smtthey, The Evening Rainbow. 
 
 MAPLE, mop. 
 
 Gales beards, as broade as scullers maples 
 that they make cleane their boates with. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, Dedic. (Harl. Misc., vi. 
 
 144). 
 
 MAPPIST, a maker of maps. 
 Yet learned Mappists on a paper small 
 Draw (in Abbridgement) the whole Type of 
 
 all; 
 
 And in their Chamber (painlesse, peril-lesse) 
 See in an hour, and circuit Land and Seas. 
 Sylvester, Little Hartas, 311. 
 
 MAPSTICKS. Cry mapsticks is an 
 apologetic expression ; mapsticks = 
 mopsticks, but it is difficult to trace 
 how the expression acquired the mean- 
 ing which it evidently has in the text. 
 Two conjectures, not very satisfactory, 
 will be found in N. and Q., 2nd S. ii. 
 315, 472. 
 
 Miss. You would not have one be always 
 upon the high grin. 
 
 Nev. Cry mapsticks, madam, no offence I 
 hope. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 MARCH. The proverb in the extract 
 is in common use. 
 
 Then came my lord Shaf tsbury like the 
 month of March, as they say, in like a lion 
 and out like a lamb. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, ii. 74. 
 
 MARCHER, one who marches; a 
 soldier. 
 Thirst, hunger, in th' oppressed joints, which 
 
 no mind can supply, 
 They take away a marcher's knees. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xix. 161. 
 
 MARCHMAN, a borderer ; one on the 
 marches. 
 Now Bowden Moor the marchman won, 
 
 And sternly shook his plumed head. 
 
 Scott, Lay of Last Minstrel, c. i. 
 
 MARE-LADY. May-lady (?). Cf. 
 MAT-LORD. 
 
 It is the part of an heathenish woman, 
 and not of a Christian matron, to be decked 
 and trimmed like a mare-lady or the queen 
 of a game. Becon, ii. 346. 
 
 How unseemly a thing then is it for 
 homely and base maids ... so to trick and 
 trim their bodies, as though they were mare- 
 ladies or puppets in a game. Ibid., ii. 370. 
 
 MARGERY PRATER, gipsy cant for a 
 hen from its constant clucking. Mar- 
 gery was also prefixed to howlet. See 
 H. 
 
 Here's grunter and bleater with tib of the 
 
 butt'ry, 
 And Margery Prater, all dress'd without 
 
 slutt'ry. Broome, A Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 MARIALS, hymns in honour of the 
 Blessed Virgin. 
 
 More tolerable of the two, and yet blas- 
 phemously enough, do they give it to the 
 Blessed Virgin in the closing of their rhym- 
 ing Marials. Ward, Sermons, p. 5. 
 
 MARINAL, salt ; bitter. 
 These here are festival, not marinal waters. 
 Adams, i. 168. 
 
 MARINERSHIP, seamanship. 
 
 Euery bodie without excepcion would crie 
 fie on him that would take vpon him to sitte 
 and holde the stierne in a shippe, hauing 
 none experience in the feate of mariner shippe. 
 Udal's Erasmus, Apophth., p. 6. 
 
 MARITORIOUS, fond of a husband. 
 Dames maritorious ne're were meritorious. 
 Chapman, Hussy D'Ambois, Act II. 
 
 MARITURIENT, wishing to become a 
 husband. 
 
 Mason . . . was notwithstanding, in his 
 fellow-poet's phrase, a long while mariturient, 
 and " praying to heaven to give him a good 
 and gentle governess." Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. cxxvi. 
 
 MARKEE, some article of clothing ; 
 misprint for market, which H. says is a 
 kind of night-cap ? 
 
 Reckon with my washerwoman ; making 
 her allow for old shirts, socks, dabbs, and 
 markees, which she bought of me. Hue and 
 Cry after D. Stcift, p. 9, 2nd ed. 1714. 
 
 MARKET, to send to market to sell ; 
 also to go to market to buy. R. gives 
 market as a verb, but no example. 
 Industrious merchants meet and market there 
 The "World's collected wealth. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. iv. 
 
 The crop of these two States is now being 
 marketed. The Standard, May 21, 1875. 
 
 MARKINGLY, attentively. 
 Pyrocles markingly hearkened to all that 
 Dametas said. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 417. 
 
 MARKSWOMAN, an archeress ; a wo- 
 man who aims at a mark. 
 
 The thought throbbed in many a fair 
 bosom that their ladyships might miss their 
 aim . . and that there might then be room 
 for less exalted, but perhaps not less skilful
 
 MARK WORTHY 
 
 ( 393 ) 
 
 MARTINET 
 
 marksiromen to try their chance. Scott, St. 
 Kalian's Well, i. 309. 
 
 MARKWORTHY, noteworthy. 
 
 To the commonest eyesight a markirorthy 
 old fact or two may visibly disclose itself. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 298. 
 
 MARL. See extract : marl now gener- 
 ally denotes a clay soil with some ad- 
 mixture of lime ; but on the Lincoln- 
 shire Wolds it still = chalk. See 
 Peacock's Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 Marlboroiigh, so called from its hills of 
 chalk, which antiently was called marl. 
 Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, ii. 52. 
 
 MARLOCK, to frolic ; also as a sub- 
 stantive. The marloclc referred to in the 
 second quotation is the taking off a 
 hat in the way of salutation. 
 
 Dost ta' mean to say as my Sylvie went 
 and demeaned hersel' to dance and marlock 
 wi' a' th' fair-folk at th' Admiral's Head ? 
 Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xi. 
 
 Ay, courtin' what other mak' o' thing is 't, 
 when thou's gaziu' after yon meddlesome 
 chap, as if thou'd send thy eyes after him, 
 and he making mat-locks back at thee ? 
 Ibid., ch. xxvii. 
 
 MARONIST, a Virgilian ; a disciple of 
 Virgil. 
 
 And he, like some imperious Maronist, 
 Conjures the Muses that they him assist. 
 Hall, Sat., I. iv. 7. 
 
 MARQUESAL, belonging to a marquess. 
 
 The countess . . had been accustomed to see 
 all eyes not royal, ducal, or marqvesal fall 
 before her own. Trollope, liarchester Towers, 
 ch. xxxvii. 
 
 MARQUESS. Lady Marquess = mar- 
 chioness. Sam Weller therefore had 
 some authority for his " female markis." 
 The lady in the first extract was Anne 
 Boleyn, a Marchioness in her own right : 
 there was no male marquess of Pem- 
 broke. 
 
 There came in a Masque my lady Marquess 
 of Pembroke. Triumph at Calais and ou- 
 loane, 1532 (Eng. Garner, ii. 39). 
 
 Up and by coach to the coach-maker's; 
 and there I do find a great many ladies sitting 
 in the body of a coach that must be ended 
 by to-morrow : they were my Lady Margins 
 of Winchester, Bella-sis, and other great 
 ladies, eating of bread and butter, and drink- 
 ing ale. Pepys, Ap. 30, 1669. 
 
 There's no daughters at my place, else o' 
 course I should ha' made up to vun on 'em. 
 As il is, I don't think I can do vith any thin' 
 under a fenude markis. Picknick Papers, 
 ch. xxxvii. 
 
 MARRIAGE LINES, marriage certificate. 
 
 And I took out of my bosom, where they 
 lie ever, our marriaye lines, and kissed them 
 again and again. Keade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. Iv. 
 
 MARSH-DIVER, some species of bird ; 
 the bittern (?). 
 
 My voice 
 Rang false ; but smiling, " Not for thee," 
 
 she said, 
 
 " O Bulbul, any rose of Gulistan 
 Shall burst her veil; marsh-divers, rather, 
 
 maid, 
 Shall croak thee sister." 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
 
 MARTELLO TOWER. L. says, " from 
 a fort in Corsica so named," but see 
 extracts. 
 
 The origin of Martello Towers I believe to 
 have been that when piracy was common in 
 the Mediterranean . . the Italians built towers 
 near the sea, in order to keep a watch and 
 give warning . . . This warning was given by 
 striking on a bell with a hammer ; and hence 
 these towers were called torri da martello. I 
 cannot remember where I read this explan- 
 ation, but I am sure that I found it in some 
 credible book. Sir G. C. Lewis, Letters 
 (1862), p. 412. 
 
 An attack was made on the tower of 
 Mortella in Corsica by the British forces 
 both by sea and land in February 1794. The 
 tower was taken after an obstinate defence, 
 but the two attacking ships were beaten off. 
 This circumstance is likely to have given 
 rise to the confusion between Martello Towere 
 generally, and this tower of Mortella. See 
 James's Naval Hist, of Great Britain (Lond. 
 1822) vol. i. p. 286, where the event is de- 
 scribed. Ibid., p. 417. 
 
 MART EN IST, a follower of Martin 
 Marprelate. 
 
 After such biting petitions and Satyrick 
 Pasquils (worthy of such Martenists) came 
 open menacings of Princes and Parliaments, 
 Priests and People too. Gaudtn, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 61. 
 
 MARTIAL, a martialist ; a soldier. 
 
 The Queen of martials 
 And Mars himself conducted them. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xviii. 469. 
 
 Others strive 
 
 Like sturdy Martials far away to drive 
 The drowsy Droanes that harbour in the hive. 
 Fuller, David's Sinne, st. 36. 
 
 MARTINET. 
 
 Old. Prithee, don't look like one of your 
 holiday captains now-a-days, with a bodkin 
 by your side, you martinet rogue. 
 
 Man. . . . What, d' ye find fault with 
 martinet ? let me tell you, sir, 'tis the best 
 exercise in the world ; the most ready, most
 
 MARTINET 
 
 ( 399 ) MATAFUNDA 
 
 easy, most graceful exercise that ever was 
 used, and the most 
 
 Old. Nay, nay, sir, no more ; sir, your 
 servant ; if you praise martinet once, I have 
 done with you, sir Martinet! Martinet! 
 
 TFycherley, Plain Dealer, III. i. 
 
 MAETINET, some military engine (?). 
 
 Him passing on, 
 
 From some huge martinet, a ponderous stone 
 Crush'd. Southey, Joan of Arc., Bk. viii. 
 
 MARTINGALE, a gambling term ; sig- 
 nifying the doubling of stakes, again 
 and again, until the player wins. 
 
 You have not played as yet ? Do not do 
 so ; above all avoid a martingale if you do. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xxviii. 
 
 MARTYRLY, martyr-like. 
 
 They flew in their very faces and eyes 
 without any respect to their Age, Learning, 
 Piety, Sanctity and Martyrly Constancy. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 15. 
 
 Martyrly fervencies are kept high and in- 
 tense by the Antiperistasis of persecution. 
 Ibid., p. 34. 
 
 MARVEL-MONGER, one who invents or 
 retails wonders. 
 
 The Marvel-mongers grant that He 
 "Was moulded up but of a mortal metal. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xviii. 92. 
 
 MASE, a term at basset. 
 
 I'll make a paroli ; I mase as much more ; 
 your card loses, Sir James, for two guineas, 
 yours, Captain, loses for a guinea more. 
 Centlivre, The Basset-Table, Act IV. 
 
 MASKARY, masquerade; profanely 
 applied by some of the less respectable 
 Reformers to the Mass. Cf. MASKING. 
 
 Such as have most wickedly called the 
 Mass a Maskarye, and the priests vestments 
 masking clothes, . . . may well be compared 
 with Pilate's men. Christopherson, 1554 
 (Jfaitland on Reformation, p. 303). 
 
 MASKED, bewildered : according to 
 H. mastered in this sense is still in 
 use. See quotation in N. ; also Bp. 
 Sanderson, iii. 20, with Jacobson's note. 
 
 He doth the benighted traveller a dis- 
 courtesie rather than a kindnesse, who 
 lendeth him a lantern to take it away, 
 leaving him more masked than he was be- 
 fore. Fuller, Holy War, Bk. III. ch. xii. 
 
 MASKING. See MASKARY. 
 
 They are also no followers of the Scrip- 
 tures ; but perad venture they never read 
 them but as they find them by chance in 
 their popish portifoliums and masking books. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 175. 
 
 William Plaine . . . was also charged, that 
 seeing a priest go to mass, he said, " Now 
 
 you shall see one in masking." Maitland on 
 Reformation, p. 293. 
 
 MAST, to feed on mast. 
 
 He was wont to rebuke the beneficed men 
 . . . being idle, and masting themselves like 
 hogs of Epicurus' flock. Becon, ii. 425. 
 
 MASTER, the jack at bowls : mistress 
 is the more common term. See N. 
 
 At diceplay euery one wisheth to caste 
 well ; at bowles euery one craues to kisse the 
 maister. Gossan, Schoole of Abuse, p. 60. 
 
 MASTERFAST, tied to a master. 
 
 Whoso hath ones married a wife is not 
 now from thensforthe all together his owne 
 man, but in maner half maisterfast. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 87. 
 
 MASTERHOOD, imperiousness. 
 
 I would . . . accommodate quietly to his 
 masterhood, smile undisturbed at his in- 
 eradicable ambition. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xxxiv. 
 
 MAST-HEAD, to send to the mast- 
 head for a certain time, as a punish- 
 ment. 
 
 The next morning I was as regularly mast- 
 headed, to do penance during the greater 
 part of the day for my deeds of darkness. 
 Marryat, Fr. Mildmay, ch. iv. 
 
 If you mast-head a sailor for not doing his 
 duty, why should you not weathercock a 
 parishioner for refusing to pay tithes? 
 Sydney Smith (Life, ch. ix.). 
 
 MAT, a mattress. 
 
 (Enter Careful, and tumbles over the mat.) 
 " A pox on your pride, we must have mats 
 with a vengeance, but I'll turn over a new 
 leaf with this house, I'll warrant you ; I'll 
 have no mats, but such as lie under the 
 feather-beds." Centlivre, Beau's Duel, iv. 1. 
 
 MAT^OLOGY, foolish words: the 
 words referred to in the extract are 
 such as astromancy, coscinomancy, &c., 
 &c. 
 
 The sapience of our forefathers and the 
 defectiveness of our dictionaries are simul- 
 taneously illustrated by the bead-roll of 
 mataology embodied in the extract here 
 following. Hall, Modern English, p. 37. 
 
 MAT^OTECHNIE, a useless or foolish 
 business. 
 
 A condign guerdon (doubtlesse) and very 
 fit to countervayle such a peevish practice & 
 unnecessarie Mataotechnie. Touchstone of 
 Complexions (Preface, p. 6). 
 
 MATAFUNDA. See extract. 
 
 That murderous sling, 
 
 The matafunda, whence the ponderous stone 
 Fled fierce. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. viii.
 
 MATCH 
 
 ( 400 ) 
 
 MATCH. A set match = a conspiracy. 
 
 They saw him anointed from God, and 
 (lest they should think this a set match 
 betwixt the brethren) they saw the earth 
 opening, the fire issuing from God vpon 
 their emulous opposites. Hall, Contempla- 
 tions (Aaron's Censer and Rod). 
 
 MATHEMATIC, a mathematician. 
 The Memphian priests were deep philoso- 
 phers, 
 
 And curious gazers on the sacred stars, 
 Searchers of Xature, and great mathematicks, 
 Yer any letter knew the ancient'st Attiks. 
 Sylvester, The Colonies, 294. 
 
 MATHEMATICAL, astrological ; also, an 
 astrologer. 
 
 Though I do by the authority of God's 
 laws and man's laws damn this damnable art 
 mathematical, I do not damn such other arts 
 and sciences as be associated and annexed 
 with this unlawful astrology. Hooper, i. 
 330. 
 
 The stars, the planets, and signs in the 
 firmament shall be strange gods, if we, being 
 deceived with the mathematicals, shall wholly 
 hang on them. Bullinyer, Dec. II., Serm. 2. 
 
 MATHOOK, a mattock. 
 Lyes and libels served as spades and mat- 
 hooks to work with. North, Examen, p. 592. 
 
 MATRIARCH, the mother and ruler of 
 a family ; wife of a patriarch. In 1873 
 the New York Times uses the word 
 " matriarch, if we may be allowed to 
 coin a feminine for patriarch." The 
 extract shows, however, that it had 
 been coined before. 
 
 Dr. Southey has classed this injured 
 Matriarch [Job's wife] in a triad with Xan- 
 tippe and Mrs. Wesley. Southey, The Doc- 
 tor, ch. cxvii. 
 
 MATTER. Much about the matter 
 pretty right. 
 
 De. Then you tell me your vessel is leaky ? 
 
 Er. You are much about the matter (hand 
 mvltnm aberras a scopo). Bailey's Erasmus, 
 p. 352. 
 
 MATTER. All is a matter = it is all 
 the same. 
 
 "Whether we make the common readers 
 to laugh or to lowre, all is a matter. Put- 
 tenham, Poesie, Bk. II. ch. xiii. 
 
 Our maker therfore at these dayes shall 
 not . . . take the termes of Northern-men, 
 such as they vse in dayly talke, whether 
 they be noblemen or gentlemen, or of their 
 best clarkes, all i$ a matter. Ibid., Bk III. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 MATTERKUL, pregnant; full of matter. 
 
 I turned to V. Bourne ; what a sweet, 
 
 unpretending, pretty-mannered, matterful 
 
 creature ! sucking from every flower, making 
 a flower of everything. C. Lamb to Words- 
 worth, 1815, p. 97. 
 
 MATTERLESS, immaterial in both its 
 senses, i. e. spiritual, and of no conse- 
 quence. Ben Jonson, as quoted by R. 
 and by L., has the word, but applies it 
 to verse which is void of matter or 
 substance. 
 
 Tis matterless in goodness who excels, 
 He that hath coin hath all perfections else. 
 
 May, The Old Couple, II. i. 
 Ye grizly ghosts that walk in shades of 
 
 night, 
 Like shades whose substance (though quite 
 
 matterlesse) 
 The dayly fowle offender doth affright. 
 
 Davies, Wittes Pilyritnaye, p. '35. 
 
 MATTER-OF-CODRSE, phlegmatic, in- 
 different. 
 
 I won't have that sort of matter-of-course 
 acquiescence. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, 
 ch. xxx:. 
 
 MATUTINES, matins. 
 
 Matutines [were] at the first hour or six of 
 the clock, when the Jewish morning sacrifice 
 was offered ; and at what time Christ's Ee- 
 surrection was by the angels first notified to 
 the women. Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 287. 
 
 MAUD, a shepherd's plaid. 
 
 Michael Armstrong, promoted to a place 
 of trust, might have been seen sitting upon 
 the hill-side in one of the most romantic 
 spots in Westmoreland, a shepherd's maud 
 wrapped round his person, a sheep-dog at 
 his feet. Mrs. Trollope, Michael Armstrong, 
 ch. xxviii. 
 
 MAUGRE. R. and L. give this only 
 as an adverb. H. says the substantive 
 = misfortune, while N. has it = harm. 
 In the subjoined it means unfriendli- 
 ness or grudge. 
 
 Pollio had afore tyme been angrie and 
 foule out with Timagines, and had none 
 other cause to surceasse his mauare, but 
 that Caesar begun to take displeasure with 
 the saied Timagines. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 289. 
 
 MADKIN, a cloth used by bakers in 
 cleaning out their oven. 
 
 Come forth, my lord, and see the cart 
 Drest up with all the country art ; 
 See here a maukin, there a sheet 
 As spotlesse pure as it is sweet. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 106. 
 
 MAUM, to paw about. 
 
 Nev. (takes Miss's hand). Come, Miss, let 
 us lay all quarrels aside and be friends. 
 
 Miss. Don't be mourning and gauming a 
 body so ! Can't you keep your filthy hands
 
 MA UNDING 
 
 ( 401 ) MEADOW-CRAKE 
 
 to yourself ? Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Coiiv. ii.). 
 
 MAUNDING, commanding; imperious- 
 ness. 
 
 He died untimely for our Bishop's good, 
 who acknowledged it under his hand, that 
 he dealt fairly with him ; not reckoning by 
 his maundings and rough lauguage, which 
 came from him to please the supervising 
 prelate. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 116. 
 
 MAUSOLE, tomb ; mausoleum. 
 No gorgeous mausole grac't with flattering 
 
 verse, 
 
 Eternizeth her trunk, her house, and herse. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 1424. 
 And if I fall in such a sea of praise, 
 What rarer mausole may my bones include? 
 Ibid., Sonnets on the Peace in France, xii. 
 
 MAX, gin (slang). Jon Bee [J. Bad- 
 cock] in Diet, of TURF, &c., says that 
 it is an abbreviation of Maxime, and 
 means properly the best gin, though 
 now used indiscriminately. 
 Who, doffiug their coronets, collars, and 
 
 ermine, treat 
 Boxers to Max at the One Tun in Jermyn 
 
 Street. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Bagman's Dog). 
 
 MAY-HILL. May is a trying month 
 for invalids ; hence the expression, to 
 climb up May-hill, i. e. to get through 
 that month safely. It appears from 
 the extract that in the early part of the 
 seventeenth century ale was little drunk 
 except in winter. 
 
 Whereas in our remembrance Ale went 
 out when Swallows came in, seldom appear- 
 ing after Easter; it now hopeth (haviug 
 climbed up May-hill) to continue its course 
 all the year. .fWfe 1 , Worthies, Derbyshire 
 (i. 252). 
 
 MAY-LORD, the leader of a frolic or 
 May-game. Burton, quoted by R., has 
 May-lady. Cf. MARE-LADY. 
 
 Cerdicns . . . was the first May -lord, or 
 captaine of the Morris-daunce that on those 
 embeuched shelves stampt his footing. 
 Nushe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 MAYORLET, petty mayor. 
 
 The patriotic mayor or mayorlet of the 
 village of Moret tried to detain them. Car- 
 lyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. HI. ch. iv. 
 
 MAYOR OF QUEENBOROUGH. " The 
 Mnyor of Quinborough " was the name 
 of a comedy by Middleton : " a simple 
 play" (Pepys, June 16, 1666). Some 
 clowns contend in it for the office of 
 mayor of Queenborough. 
 
 I 
 
 The recorder Howel appeared ; and to 
 avert the rule for an attachment, alledged . . . 
 the disorder that might happen in the city, 
 if the mayor were imprisoned. The chief 
 justice put his thumbs in his girdle, as his 
 way was, and, "Tell me of the mayor of 
 London ? " said he : " tell me of the mayor 
 of Queenborough. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 114. 
 
 MAXAN. See quotation. 
 
 John Frith is a great mote in their eyes, 
 for so turning over their purgatory, and 
 heaving at their most monstrous mass, or 
 mammetrous mazan, which signifieth bread 
 or feeding. Bale., Select- Works, p. 165. 
 
 MAZARD, cup ; usually written mazer 
 Mazard generally means head. 
 
 They lived skittishly in poor houses, where 
 they ate a great deal of beef and mutton, 
 and drank good ale in a brown mazard. 
 Aubrey, Misc., p. 213. 
 
 MAZARD, a species of cherry. H. 
 says, " in good esteem for making 
 cherry-brandy." 
 
 He . . . had no ambition whatsoever be- 
 
 ,ond pleasing his father aud mother, getting 
 y honest means the maximum of red qnar- 
 reuders and ma:ard cherries, and gcing to 
 sea when he was big enough. C. Kingsley, 
 Westward Ho, ch. i. 
 
 MAZARINE, a deep blue colour. 
 
 For the weather at once appear'd clear and 
 
 serene, 
 
 And the sky up above was a bright mazarine. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (S. JRomicold). 
 
 MAZARINE, a gown, which derived its 
 name from the Duchess of Mazarin 
 (Bailey speaks of a Mazarine hood 
 with this derivation) ; or perhaps the 
 word refers to the colour of the dress, 
 a mazarine blue. 
 
 Bring my silver'd mazarine, 
 Sweetest gown that e'er was seen. 
 
 Anstey, New Bath Guide, Letter ix. 
 
 MAZEFUL, bewildering. The com- 
 parison in the extract is between an 
 unsympathetic mistress and Night. 
 Silence in both displays his sullen might, 
 
 Slow heaviness in both holds one degree 
 
 In both a mazefnl solitariness. 
 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, 96. 
 
 MEADOW-CRAKE, " the corn-crake or 
 landrail : Ortygometra Crex." Pea- 
 cock's Manley and Corringham Glos- 
 sary (E. D. S.), where, however, it is 
 j-pelt meadow-creak. 
 
 D D
 
 MEAL 
 
 ( 402) 
 
 MEER 
 
 My voice 
 Rang talse ; but smiling, " Not for thee," 
 
 she said, 
 
 " O Bulbul, any rose of Gulistan 
 Shall burst her veil ; marshdivers, rather, 
 
 maid, 
 
 Shall croak thee sister, or the meadow-crake 
 Grate her harsh kindred in the grass." 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
 
 MEAL, sand-bank : a Norfolk word. 
 
 The cows, during the hot weather when 
 they are attacked by the fly, get over the 
 meales, the name given to the sandbanks. 
 Freeman's Life of W. Kirby, p. 147. 
 
 MEAL - HOUSE, place where meal is 
 stored. 
 
 Now hauing seene all this, 
 
 Then shall you see hard by 
 The Pastrie, Meale-house, and the roome 
 
 Whereas the Coales do ly. 
 
 The Meale-hoitse is a place 
 
 With set mischiefe fraught, 
 For sure the meale is made of corne 
 
 Y l is much worse then naught. 
 
 Breton, Forte of Fansie, p. 16. 
 
 MEANINGNESS, significance. 
 
 She met me at her dressing-room door, and 
 looked so lovely, so silly, and so full of un- 
 meaning meaninyness. Richardson, Grandi- 
 son, vi. 341. 
 
 MEANLESS, meaningless. 
 
 Fair sylphish forms who, tall, erect, and 
 
 slim, 
 Dart the keen glance, and stretch the length 
 
 of limb ; 
 To viewless harpings weave the meanless 
 
 dance, 
 Wave the gay wreath, and titter as they 
 
 prance. Poetry of Ant i jacobin, p. 126. 
 
 MEANOR, demeanour ; behaviour. 
 
 If the testimony of that lady be true (it is 
 but one, and a most domestick witness), I do 
 not shuffle it over as if his meanor to the 
 Lord Marquess were not a little culpable. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 108. 
 
 MEASURELESSNESS, unlimited 
 quantity. 
 
 Feigned and preposterous admiration . . 
 varied by a corresponding measurelessness in 
 vituperation made the woof of all learned 
 intercourse. G. Eliot, Roniola, ch. xix. 
 
 MEAT, to feed. The Diets, only give 
 the participle meated with extract from 
 Tusser. 
 
 Good husbandrie meateth 
 His friend and the poore. 
 
 Tusser. Husbandrie, p. 139. 
 
 Haste then and meat your men ; 
 Though I must still say my command would 
 
 lead them fasting forth. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xix. 196. 
 
 Think it therefore no disgrace in a city-inn 
 to see your horse every day yourself, and to 
 see him well meated. Peacham, Art of Living 
 in I^ndon, 1642 (Hart. Misc., ix. 88). 
 
 Carriers are so merciful to their horses ; 
 meat them well to prevent their tyriug. 
 Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, IV. v. 19. 
 
 MEDALLED, decked or presented with 
 a medal. 
 
 Irving went home medalled by the King, 
 diplomatized by the University, crowned, 
 and honoured, and admired. Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, xx. 
 
 MEDIATE, opposed to immediate. 
 There were three Abps. between Becket 
 and Langton. 
 
 To dispatch Beeket out of our ways, just 
 a jubilee of years after his death, Stephen 
 Langton his mediate successor removed his 
 body Fuller, Ch. Hist , III. ii. 69. 
 
 MEDICAL FINGER, the middle finger: 
 it is the only finger supplied by both 
 nerves of the ana ; possibly this may 
 be the reason for the name. 
 
 At last he, with a low courtesy, put on her 
 medical Jinc/er a pretty handsome golden ring. 
 Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xvii. 
 
 MEDITATIONIST, compiler of medi- 
 tations. 
 
 Jeremy Taylor's is both a flowery and a 
 fruitful stile: Hervey the Meditationisfs a 
 weedy one. Sout/tey, Tlie Doctor, Interchap- 
 ter xxii. 
 
 MEDITE, to meditate. 
 Her hand (vnbidden) in her sampler sets 
 The King of luda's name aiid counterfets : 
 Who, meditiiif/ the sacred Temple's plot, 
 By th' other twin at the same time is shot. 
 Sylvester, The Maynijicence, 770. 
 
 MEDLEY, cloth of a mixed colour. 
 
 This mystery [Clothing] is vigorously pur- 
 sued in this County ; and I am informed 
 that as Medleys are most made in other 
 shires, as good Whites as any are woven in 
 this County. Fuller, Worthies, Wilts (ii. 
 435). 
 
 MEDY, Mediolanum or Milan. 
 Ambrose, the bishop of the church of 
 Jlfedy. Philpot, p. 373. 
 
 MEER. The following note is ap- 
 pended to the subjoined extract. " This 
 word is used for want of a better. It 
 means the practice common in hil'y 
 countries of making a portion of the 
 hill, running along the surface of it,
 
 MEET-HELP 
 
 ( 403 ) MERCANTILITY 
 
 level for purposes of cultivation, leaving 
 it nearly perpendicular for a few feet, 
 and beginning another level at the 
 bottom." 
 
 No doubt it [a field] was formerly 
 ploughed, and in it are some mews. T. 
 Maker (1819), (Archaol., xix. 168). 
 
 MEET-HELP, help-meet ; wife. 
 
 I have been so fortunate in my discoveries 
 of him and his meet-help that now I look 
 upon the loathsome heap of scandalous 
 materials I have got together against him, 
 I am almost ashamed to make it public. 
 Sprat's Relation of Youny's Contrivance, 1692 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 217). 
 
 MEIPSEAD, an egotistical writing. 
 Southey coined this word on the model 
 of Iliad, &c. 
 
 My letters to you are such pure meipseads 
 that I have seldom room or leisure for any 
 but personal concerns. Southey, Letters, 
 1817 (III. 57). 
 
 MELLED, honied. 
 That hast the ayr for farm, and heav'n for 
 
 field, 
 Which sugred mel, or melled sugar yield. 
 
 Sylvester, The Latce, 841. 
 
 MELLIE, honey. 
 
 For fro thy makings milk and mellie 
 flowes. Dames, Ecloijue, 1. 20. 
 
 MELODIC, belonging to melody. 
 
 Herr Klesmer played a composition of 
 his own ... an extensive commentary on 
 some melodic ideas not too grossly evident. 
 G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. v. 
 
 MELODIST, a master of melody. 
 
 That predominance of the imaginative 
 faculty or of impassioned temperament which 
 is incompatible with the attributes of a sound 
 understanding and a just judgement, may 
 make a rhapsodist, a melodist, or a visionary 
 . . . but imagination aud passion thus unsup- 
 ported will never make a poet in the largest 
 and highest sense of the appellation. Sir 
 H. Tayler, Preface to Ph. van. Artevelde. 
 
 MELOPHONIST, a singer of melodies. 
 
 Here, as in the case of the Hebrew melo- 
 phonists. I would insinuate no wrong thought. 
 Thackeray, A Dinner in the City. 
 
 MELTABLE, fusible, capable of being 
 melted. 
 
 Iron . . is the most impure of all metals, 
 hardly meltable. Fuller, Worthies, Salop 
 (ii. 253). 
 
 MEMOIRISM, memoir-writing. 
 
 Have we not done what lay at our hand 
 towards reducing that same memoirism of 
 the eighteenth century into history, aud 
 weaving a thread or two thereof nearer to 
 
 the condition of a web? Carlyle, Misc., ii 
 242. 
 
 MEMORABILITY, remarkableriess. 
 
 The first years of Daniel's abode in Don- 
 caster were distinguished by many events of 
 local memorability. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. xlvii. 
 
 MEMORABLES, remarkable things; for 
 similar uses see s. v. OBSERVABLES. 
 
 He employed John Lelalid, a most learned 
 antiquary, to perambulate and visit the ruins 
 of all abbeys, and record the memorables 
 therein. fuller, Ch. Hist., X. vi. 24. 
 
 Hundreds of memorable* haue met in your 
 lordship's life. Ibid., Ch. Hist., vi. p. 339. 
 
 MEMORANDUMMER, a taker of notes. 
 
 He had lately, he told me, had much con- 
 versation concerning me with Mr. Boswell. 
 I feel sorry to be named or remembered by 
 that biographical anecdotical memorandum- 
 mer, till his book of poor Dr. Johnson's life 
 is finished and published. Jfad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, iii. 335. 
 
 MEMPH, an Egyptian. Sylvester uses 
 Memphytist and Memphian in the 
 same wyy, first day, first iveek, 312, 
 783. 
 Thou mak'st th' Ichneumon (whom the 
 
 Memphs adore) 
 To rid of poysons Nile's manured shoar. 
 
 Sylvester, sixth day, first iceeke, 260. 
 
 MENISE, minnow. See II. s. v. 
 mengy. 
 
 And speak of such as in the fresh are found, 
 The little roach, the menise biting fast. 
 
 Denny s, Secrets of Angliny 
 
 (Entj. Garner, i. p. 167). 
 
 The trout will take also the worm, menise, 
 
 or any bait. Lauson, Comment on Dennys, 
 
 1653 (Ibid., i. 195). 
 
 MENNOM. See extract. 
 
 The minnow still called . . . mennom in the 
 north of England is, as far as I can learn, at 
 present totally disregarded as an article of 
 diet. Arch., xv. 352 (1806). 
 
 ME.VSALL. 
 
 The chiefe Lord had certaine lands in 
 Demesne, which were called his Loghtii, or 
 mensall lauds in Demesne. Sir John Davis 
 quoted in Holland's Camden, ii. 141. 
 
 MENTALITY, mental cast or habit. 
 
 Hudibras has the same hard mentality, 
 keeping the truth at once to the senses and 
 to tne intellect. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. 
 xiv. 
 
 MERCAXTILITY, mercantile spirit. 
 
 " Stay, you are a holy man, and I am an 
 honest one ; let us make a bargain " . . . . 
 Aud his eyes sparkled, and he was all ou 
 D I) 2
 
 MERCHANDIZER ( 404 ) MESSMAKING 
 
 fire with mercantility. Eeade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. Ixxvi. 
 
 MERCHANDISER, merchant ; trafficker. 
 
 That which did not a little amuse the 
 merchandize)-* was that these pilgrims set very 
 light by all their wares. Pilgrim'' s Progress, 
 Pt. I. p. 153. 
 
 MERCHANTRY, trade. Bp. Sanderson 
 (v. 106) uses merchandry. 
 
 I wish human wit, which is really very 
 considerable in mechanics and merchantry, 
 could devise some method of cultivating 
 canes and making sugar without the manual 
 labour of the human species. Walpole, Let- 
 ters, iv. 482 (1789). 
 
 MERCHES, marches ; borders. 
 
 Mercia, so called because it lay in the 
 middest of the island, being the merches or 
 limits, on which all the residue of the King- 
 domes did bound and border. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., I. v. 17. 
 
 MERCILESS, used as a substantive. 
 I pray in vain a merciless to move. 
 
 Daniel, Sonnet IV. (Eng. Garner, 
 i. 582). 
 
 MERCY-STOCK, propitiation. Becon 
 (ii. 459) quoting 1 St. John ii. 2, uses 
 this word for propitiation. 
 
 Our Saviour and Mercy-stock saith that 
 this knowledge is eternal life. Hutchinson, 
 p. 2. 
 
 Who justifieth and saveth us, but He who 
 is our Saviour, our Ransom, our Spokesman, 
 our Mercy-stock ? Hid., p. 192. 
 
 MERDA, ordure. North perhaps uses 
 the Latin out of delicacy ; otherwise 
 merd or mard is an Eng. word, and is 
 used by Jonson and Burton. 
 
 [He] deals forth his merda by the hirelings 
 of the times, that he might not stiuk in all 
 companies, and so be found out by those 
 that otherwise do not know him. 3'orth, 
 Examen, p. 644. 
 
 MKRETRICIAN, ineritricious, pertain- 
 ing to a harlot. 
 
 Take from human commerce Meretrician 
 amours, you would find a horrid confusion of 
 all things and incestuous lusts disturb every 
 family. T. Brown, Works, iii. 263. 
 
 MERIDIAN, thorough-paced ; the word 
 is often used figuratively as a sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 Was it not strange usage of a Queen Con- 
 sort, when such an effrontery out of the 
 mouth of a meridian villain in public . . . 
 should be let pass without so much as a 
 reprehension. North, Examen, p. 186. 
 
 MERIDIES, meridian ; middle : the use 
 of the Latin form is noticeable. 
 
 About the hour that Cynthia's silver light 
 Had totich'd the pale meridies of the night. 
 Cowley's Essays (Agriculture). 
 
 MERLON, the plain part of an em- 
 battled parapet, between two embra- 
 sures. 
 
 The parapet often had the merlons pierced 
 with long chinks, euding in round holes 
 called oeillets. Arch., xii. 147 (1796). 
 
 The merlons and embrasures with which 
 the main portion of the building was fur- 
 nished are comparatively dilapidated. Ibid. 
 (1841). 
 
 MERRIE-GO-SORIE, a mingling of 
 laughter and tears ; an hysterical affec- 
 tion. 
 
 Joying to see the kinde heart of this other 
 olde gentleman, sorie to be an occasion of 
 such anger to himselfe, and trouble to his 
 house, betwixt a merriego sorie I fell to such 
 weeping as quite spilde mine eyes, and had 
 almost burst my heart. Breton, Miseries of 
 Mauillia, p. 49. 
 
 The ladie with a merrie go sorrie . . . made 
 him this answere. Ibid., Fortunes of two 
 Princes, p. 25. 
 
 MERRIFY, to amuse. 
 
 The description of the benefit and the 
 crowd diverted me so much, that I read it 
 in public, and it merryjled us all. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, i. 324. 
 
 MERRY-GO-DOWN, strong ale. 
 
 I present you with meate, and you (in 
 honourable courtesie to requite mee"> can 
 do no less than present mee with the best 
 morning's draught of merry-go-dovnu in your 
 quarters. -3~aslie, Lenten Stuffe, Dedication 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 145). 
 
 MERRY-NIGHT. " A term well known 
 in the North of England, and applied 
 to rural festivals, where young persons 
 meet in the evening for the purpose of 
 dancing" (WordtruwrtKs note in loc). 
 A fuller description ot the merry-night 
 will be found in Willan's West York- 
 shire Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 He hears a sound, and sees the light, 
 And in a moment calls to mind 
 That 'tis the village Mtrrji-Ntyht. 
 
 Wordsworth, The Waggoner, c. II. 
 
 MESKEITO (Sp. mesguita), a mosque. 
 
 The very Mahometans . . have their sepul- 
 chres near the Meskeito; never in it. Bp. 
 Hall, Works, v. 514. 
 
 MESSAGE, to announce, or deliver a 
 message. 
 
 He dyd in expressed commaund to me 
 message his errand. Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 377. 
 
 MESSMAKIXG, eating together.
 
 MESTIVE 
 
 ( 405 ) MACROCEPHALOUS 
 
 This friendship begau by messmakiny in 
 the temple hall. Xorth, Life of Lord Guil- 
 furd, i. 59. 
 
 MESTIVE, sad. N. has mestfull. 
 
 The Melancholy's mestiite, and too full 
 
 Of fearefull thoughts, and cares vnrequisit. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos,^. 31. 
 Now haue they scal'd this mestiue moun- 
 taiue top. Ibid., Holy Roode, p. 16. 
 
 METAGE, measurement. 
 
 Acts have very lately passed in relation to 
 the admeasurement or metaye of coals for 
 the city of Westminster. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Britain, ii. 145. 
 
 METALS, mines. 
 
 It was impossible to live without our king, 
 but as slaves live, that is, such who are 
 civilly dead, and persons condemned to 
 metals. Bp. Taylor, Duct. Dub. (Dedic.). 
 
 METAPHRASED, closely translated. 
 Bp. Hall addresses some verses to 
 Sylvester on " his Bartas metaphrased" 
 
 METAPHYSICIAXISM, science of meta- 
 physics. 
 
 Phrenology, and in great measure, meta- 
 physicianism have been concocted a priori. 
 E. A . Poe, Imp of the Perverse. 
 
 METAPHYSICKED, made metaphysical. 
 
 I send you a new Strawberry edition, 
 which you will find extraordinary, not only 
 as a most accurate translation, but as a piece 
 of genuine French, not metaphysicked by La 
 Harpe, by Thomas, &c. Walpole, Letters, iv. 
 306 (1781'). 
 
 METEMPSYCHOSIZE, to 'cause the soul 
 to change from one body to another. 
 
 He allowed that even Izaak Walton of 
 blessed memory could not have shown cause 
 for mitigation of the sentence, if Khadam- 
 anthus and his colleagues in the court below 
 had . . . sewed him metempsychosized into a 
 frog to the armiug-iron with a fine needle 
 and silk. Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxii. 
 
 METEOR, applied to hail, &c. In the 
 second extract the speaker is supposed 
 to be a man who has been turned into 
 an otter. 
 
 Hail, aa ordinary meteor, murrain of cattle 
 an ordinary disease, yet for a plague to 
 obdurate Pharaoh miraculously wrought. 
 Hull, Invis. IVorll, Bk. I. sect. ii. 
 
 I have a good warm coat about me that 
 will last me all my life long without patch- 
 ing or mending ; which kind of fences against 
 the injuries of time and tyranny of the 
 meteors, indulgent Nature provides for us 
 sensitive creatures before we come into the 
 world. Ho well, I'arly of JJcasts, p. 13. 
 
 METEOBOSCOPE, instrument for ob- 
 serving the heavenly bodies. 
 
 Meanwhile, 
 
 With astrolabe and meteoroscope, 
 I'll find the cusp and alfridaria. 
 
 Albumazar, ii. 5. 
 
 METOPOMANCY, divination from what 
 is seen in a person's face : called also 
 metoposcopy. 
 
 By the arts of astrology, geomancy, 
 chiromancy, metopomancy, and others of a 
 like stuff and nature, he foretelleth all 
 things to come. Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. xxv. 
 
 METROMANIAC, mad after metrical 
 composition. 
 
 He seemed to have acquired the facility of 
 versification, and to display it with almost 
 metromaniac eagerness. W. Taylor, Survey 
 of German Poetry, i. 183. 
 
 METROPOLIS. The exfract is a note of 
 UdaPs ; the true derivation is that 
 which he rejects from (if]TT)p[ftT)] rp<5f, 
 
 TToXlf. 
 
 The greke worde is yujTpoiroXi, as if ye 
 shoulde saye, the place where all euiis are 
 conceiued, or from whence all enils doeri 
 issue. For it is compouned not of /utVpoj/ 
 measuring, nor of fj.iiTt)p, rpos, mother, but 
 of firj-rpa, /i>ixpas. a matrice, that is to saie 
 the place of concepcion and of issujing. 
 And therof is Metropolis called the chief 
 citee where the Archbishop of any prouiuce 
 hath his See, and hath all the other diocesses 
 of that prouince subject to him, as Canter- 
 bury and Yorke here in Euglande. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 131. 
 
 METUSIAST, one who holds transub- 
 stantiation. 
 
 The Jfetusiasts and Papists . . believe the 
 substance of bread and wine is so changed 
 into the substance of Christ His Body, as 
 nothing remaineth but the real Body of 
 Christ, besides the accidents of bread and 
 wine. Hoyers on 39 Articles, p. 289. 
 
 MICACIOUS, sparkling. L. has the 
 word but only in a literal sense, as con- 
 nected with mica. 
 
 There is the Cyclopean stile of which 
 Johnson is the great example, the sparkling 
 or micacioiis possessed by Hazlitt, and much 
 affected in Ee views and Magazines. Southey, 
 The Doctor, Interchapter xxii. 
 
 MICE-EYED, keen-eyed. 
 
 O for a legion of mice-eyed decipherers aud 
 calculators uppon characters now to augurate 
 what I mean by this. JVashe, Lenten btujfe 
 (Harl. 3Tisc., vi. 177). 
 
 MICROCEPHALOUS, small-headed, and 
 so, deficient.
 
 M1CROLOGY 
 
 406 ) 
 
 MILIT1ATE 
 
 "When you have old oak chairs, a microce- 
 phalous idiot would know that you must have 
 an old oak table. Black, Adventures of a 
 Phaeton, ch. xxv. 
 
 MICROLOGY, minuteness about words ; 
 hair-splitting. 
 
 I like Eichorn better than Paulus ; there is 
 less micrology, less tweezering at trifles, in 
 his erudition. W. Taylor of Norwich, 1806 
 (Life by Robberds, ii. 146). 
 
 MID, a midshipman. 
 
 I have written to Bedford to learn what 
 mids of the Victory fell in that action. 
 Southey, Letters, 1812 (ii. 315). 
 
 MIDDLE, to balance or compromise. 
 
 And now to middle the matter between 
 both, it is a pity that the man they favour 
 has not that sort of merit which a person of 
 a mind so delicate as that of Miss Harlowe 
 might reasonably expect in a husband. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, i. 192. 
 
 This way of putting it is middling the 
 matter between what I have learned of my 
 mother's over-prudent and your enlarged 
 notions. Ibid. iii. 214. 
 
 MIDDLING GOSSIP, a go-between. 
 "What do yon say unto a middling gossip 
 To bring you ay together at her lodging? 
 Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 3. 
 
 MIDDLINGNESS, mediocrity. 
 
 " I make it a virtue to be content with my 
 middlingness" said Deronda smiling ; "it is 
 always pardonable, so that one does not ask 
 others to take it for superiority." G. Eliot, 
 Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxv. 
 
 MIDLESS, without a middle. Sylvester 
 speaks of the world as 
 
 An unbeginniug, midlesse, endlesse Ball. 
 First day, first week, 343. 
 
 MIDSHIPMAN'S HALF-PAY. See extract. 
 
 You fellows worked like bricks, spent 
 money, and got midshipman's half-pay (no- 
 thing a-day and find yourself) and monkey's 
 allowance (more kicks than halfpence). C. 
 Kinysley, Letter, May 1856. 
 
 MIDTERRANEAN, Mediterranean. 
 
 Narrow Mid-terranean Sea 
 Which from rich Europe parts poor Africa. 
 Sylvester, Colonies, 86. 
 
 MIFF, irritated. The Diets, give it as 
 a substantive = pet or quarrel. 
 
 You are right about Burnett, but being 
 miff with him myself, I would not plead 
 against him in the least particular. W. 
 Taylor, 1802 (Robberds's Memoir, i. 447). 
 
 MIGNARIZE, to soothe, treat gently. 
 
 Men that are sound in their morals, and in 
 minutes imperfect in their intellectuals, are 
 best reclaimed when they are miynariz'd and 
 
 stroked gently. Racket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 95. 
 
 MIGRANT, one who removes from one 
 place to another. 
 
 Your Grace has thrown open (for those 
 who are denied admittance into the palaces 
 of Parnassus) a cottage on its borders where 
 the unhappy migrants may be, if not magni- 
 ficently, at least hospitably, entertained. 
 Foote, Dedic. to The Minor, 
 
 MILCHY, milkgiving. 
 
 There, milchy goats come freely to the Paile, 
 
 Nor doe glad flocks with dngs distended fail. 
 
 Heath's Odes of Horace, Epode 16. 
 
 MlLD, pity. 
 Then Progne phy for thee, 
 
 "Which kildst thine only child, 
 Phy on the cruel crabbed heart 
 Which was not movde with milde. 
 Gascoiyne, Complaint of Philomene. 
 
 MILDER, to moulder. 
 Unthankfull wretch ! God's gifts thus to 
 
 reject, 
 
 And maken nought of Nature's goodly dower, 
 
 That milders still away through thy neglect. 
 
 H. More, Cupid's Conflict, st. 15. 
 
 MILDEW. Wedgwood thinks that it 
 is owing to its white colour that mil- 
 dew is connected with honey-dew. 
 
 Some will have it called Mildew quasi 
 Maldew or Ill-dew ; others Meldew or Honey- 
 dew, as being very sweet (oh how lushious 
 and noxious is Flattery !) with the astring- 
 ency thereof causing an atrophy on [or ?] 
 consumption in the Grain. His etymology 
 was peculiar to himself, who would have it 
 termed Mildeir, because it grindeth the Grain 
 aforehand, making it to dwindle away almost 
 to nothing. Fuller, Worthies, Middlesex 
 (ii. 47). 
 
 MILDEWY, belonging to mildew. 
 
 The damp mildeiry smell which pervades 
 the place does not conduce in any great 
 degree to their comfortable appearance. 
 Sketches by lioz (Private Theatres). 
 
 MILEMARKE, a milestone. 
 
 London-stone, which I take to have been 
 a milliary or milemarke such as was in the 
 mercate place at Rome. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 423. 
 
 MILITIATE. In Walpole = to raise 
 militia ; in Sterne, militiating mili- 
 tary. 
 
 We continue to militiate, and to raise light 
 troops, and when we have armed every ap- 
 prentice in England, I suppose we shall 
 transfer our fears to Germany. Walpole to 
 Mann, iii. 346 (1759). 
 
 In the story of my father and his christen- 
 names, I had no thought of treading upon
 
 MILK-AND-WATER ( 407 ) 
 
 MILLING 
 
 Francis the first, nor in the affair of the 
 nose upon Francis the ninth, nor in the 
 character of my uncle Toby, of characterizing 
 the militiatiny spirits of my country. Trist. 
 Shandy, iii. 177. 
 
 MILK-AND-WATER, feeble ; insipid. 
 
 What slays a veteran may well lay amilk- 
 and-water bourgeois low. Eeade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. xxvi. 
 
 MILKDAME, foster-nurse, wet-nurse. 
 Shee speaks too Barsen thee nurse of seallye 
 
 Sichaeus, 
 For then her owne mylckdame in byrth soyl 
 
 was breathles abyding. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 681. 
 
 MILK-FULL, flowing with milk ; fertile. 
 
 O hony-dropping hills we yerst frequented ! 
 
 O milk-full vales with hundred brooks in- 
 dented ! 
 
 Delicious gardens of deer Israel ! 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 1053. 
 
 MILKMADGE, milkmaid ; Madge or 
 Margery being a common female name. 
 At 1. 515, Stanyhurst uses Margery 
 for a witch. 
 
 Shal I now lyke a castaway milckmadge 
 On mye woers formoure be fawning ? 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 572. 
 
 MILK-MEATS, butter, cheese. &c. 
 
 Well then, compare ... a Jew abstaining 
 from swine's flesh, and a Christian abstain- 
 ing from flesh and milk-meats (lactariis) on 
 Friday. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 274. 
 
 MILK-WARM, of the temperature of 
 new milk. Cf. extract s. v. BLOOD- 
 WARM. 
 
 The water is but just milk-icarm, so that 
 it is no less pleasant to go into than sanative. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, iii. 80. 
 
 They had baths of cool water for the 
 summer ; but in general they used it milk- 
 warm. Smollett, France and Italy, Letter 
 xxxii. 
 
 MILL, the treadmill. See quotation 
 from Barham s. v. NUTS. 
 
 " Was you never on the mill ? " " What 
 mill ? " enquired Oliver. " What mill ? why 
 the mill the mill as takes up so little room 
 that it '11 work inside a stone-jug. Dickens, 
 Oliver Twist, ch. viii. 
 
 MILL, to heat up and froth. 
 
 They then got up, and having breakfasted 
 on a pot of milled chocolate, they hurried to 
 London. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 235. 
 
 MILL, to fight ; also a substantive. 
 
 My lord related all his feats in London, 
 how he had been to the watchhouse, how 
 many bottles of champaign he had drunk, 
 
 how he had milled a policeman, &c. fcc. 
 Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. viii. 
 
 He had storm'd and treated her ill 
 Because she refus'd to go down to a mill, 
 She didn't know where, but remember'd still 
 
 That the miller's name was Mendoza. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilnianseg</. 
 
 Now whether that word hath origin in a 
 Greek term meaning a conflict, as the best- 
 read boys asseverated, or whether it is nothing 
 more than a figure of similitude from the 
 beating arms of a mill, such as I have seen 
 in counties where are no water-brooks, but 
 folk made bread with wind, it is not for 
 a man devoid of scholarship to determine. 
 Enough that they who made the ring inti- 
 tuled the scene a mill, whilst we who must 
 be thumped inside it tried to rejoice in their 
 pleasantry, till it turned upon the stomach. 
 Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. ii. 
 
 MILL-BEN, a housebreaker (thieves' 
 cant). 
 
 The same capacity which qualifies a mill- 
 ben, a bridle-cull, or a buttock and file to 
 arrive at any degrees of eminence in his pro- 
 fession, would likewise raise a man in what 
 the world esteem a more honourable calling. 
 Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 MILLDOLL, to do work on the tread- 
 mill ? (thieves' cant). 
 
 Marry come up, good woman ! the lady's a 
 as well as myself, and though I am sent 
 hither to mill-doll, I have money enough to 
 buy it off as well as the lady herself. Field- 
 ing, Amelia, Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 MILLENARIAN, one who looks for the 
 millennium. 
 
 Those who endeavour to revive the fable 
 of the Millenarians are therein contrary to 
 the Holy Scriptures, and cast themselves 
 down headlong into the Jewish dotages. 
 Articles of Religion, 1552 (Art. xli.). 
 
 Your very costermonger trolls out his 
 belief that '' there's a good time coming," 
 and the hearts of (/ainins as well as millen- 
 arians, answer, " True ! "- C. Kingsley, Yeast, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 MILLIARY. a milestone. 
 
 London-stone, which I take to have been 
 a military or milemarke, such as was in the 
 mercate place at Rome. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 423. 
 
 MILLIFOLD, thousandfold. 
 
 Yet ere he parts his kisses millifold 
 
 Bewray his loue and louing diligence. 
 
 Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 27. 
 
 MILLING, a thrashing. 
 
 Now Patrick, having fed his cattle, 
 
 Brush 'd up his breakfast with a battle ; 
 
 Not such as boxing heroes try, 
 
 To gain the well-paid victory ;
 
 MILLIONIST 
 
 (408 ) 
 
 MING 
 
 Or where resentment's rage fulfilling, 
 One blood gives t'other blood a milliny. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. ii. 
 
 MILLIONIST, millionnaire. 
 
 His revenue is less than that of many a 
 British peer, great commoner, or commer- 
 cial millionist. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 ccxxxiii. 
 
 MILLIONIZED, accustomed to millions. 
 
 To our now millionized conceptions the 
 foregoing accompts appear to be in a very 
 moderate ratio. Arch., xxxiii. 201 (1849). 
 
 MILL-KEN, a housebreaker; men- 
 tioned among other names for thieves 
 of various sorts in The Nicker kicked, 
 1669 (Harl Misc., ii. 108). 
 
 M ILL-LEA T, a stream that conveys 
 water to a mill. Cf. LEAT. 
 
 The spot ... is separated on the north- 
 east from the high land by the mill-leaf 
 which feeds the town water-mill at Ware. 
 Archteol., xxiv. 351 (1832). 
 
 MlLLOCRAT, a mill-owner; a pro- 
 minent manufacturer. 
 
 Millocrats . . . pile thousands upon thou- 
 sands, and acres upon acres, by the secret 
 mysteries of their wonderful compound of 
 human and divine machinery. Mrs. Tfollope, 
 Michael Armstrong, ch. xiii. 
 
 Those manufacturing fellows the 
 
 true blood-suckers, the venomous millocrats. 
 Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 MILLOCRATISM, government by mil- 
 locrats, q. v. 
 
 His errors arose from intense sympathy 
 with the sufferings he had witnessed, amidst 
 the misery which accompanies the reign of 
 millocratisni. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XIII. ch. 
 iv. 
 
 MILL-TAIL. See extract. 
 
 The Mill-tail, or Floor for the water below 
 the wheels, is wharf ed up on either side with 
 stone. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, i. 386. 
 
 MILT, moult (?). 
 Let men's beards milt, and women's bosoms 
 
 bleed; 
 Call forth my barbers. 
 
 Peele, Edward /., p. 400. 
 
 MIL WELL. " Mylleivell, a sort of 
 fish, the same with what in Lincoln- 
 shire is called millwyn, which Spelman 
 renders green fish ; but it was certainly 
 of a different kind." Kennett, Paroch. 
 Antiq. Gloss. (1695). 
 
 The yellow ling, the milwell fair and white. 
 Dennys, Secrets ofAnaliny (Eny. Garner, 
 i. 166). 
 
 MIM, prim ; retiring. 
 
 "Wenches are brought up sa mim now-a- 
 days ; i' my time they'd ha' thought ua' such 
 great harm of a kiss. Jfrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's 
 Lovers, ch. viii. 
 
 MIMM. The original is minimos, a 
 humbler title than the minors. Fuller 
 (see extracts, v. SUBTER-SUBTERLATIVE) 
 wonders that none of the friars in their 
 affected humility had founded an order 
 of Minor minimos : according to Eras- 
 mus, but he is perhaps joking, there 
 was some such title. 
 
 Some will be called cordeliers, and these 
 subdivided into cap'ichines. minors, minims, 
 and mendicants. Rennet's Erasm., Praise of 
 Folly, p. 112. 
 
 MINDE-PARTS, senses. 
 
 He (thinking his daughter's little wits had 
 quite left her great nowl) began to take her 
 in his arms ; thinking perchance her feeliug 
 sense might call her mi nde parts unto her. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 407. 
 
 MINELESS, without a mine. 
 There, without stroak, to conquer in the 
 
 field, 
 And mindess make their tumbling wals to 
 
 yield. Sylvester, Little liartas, 866. 
 
 MINERALOGIZE, to collect or study 
 minerals. 
 
 He was botanizing or mineraloyizing with 
 O'Toole's chaplain. Miss Edyetcorth, 'Ennui, 
 ch. xi. 
 
 MINERVAL, a gift from a scholar to a 
 muster. 
 
 The chief Minerval whioh he bestowed 
 upon that Society was the structure of a 
 most goodly library, the best in that kind in 
 all Cambridge. Socket, Life of Williams, i. 
 96. 
 
 MING, to mention. N. gives the 
 word in the sense of "to miK;" and 
 then, giving the first quotation, adds, 
 " Hall seems to use it for to mention, 
 but it may mean, to mix in conversa- 
 tion." The second exlract from the 
 same writer, however, shows that he 
 used it for "to mention;" and Mr. 
 Singer states, " The word was in use in 
 Northamptonshire in the times of Ray 
 and Lye." 
 
 Could never man work thee a worser shnme, 
 Than once to minr/e thy father's odious 
 
 name. Hall, .Sat. IV. ii. 80 
 Meanwhile the memory of his mighty name 
 
 Shall live as long as aged < arth shall last : 
 Enrolled on the beryl walls of fame, 
 
 Aye uiiui/'d, aye niournM. Ibid., Elegy on 
 Dr. Whitaker.
 
 MINIFY 
 
 ( 409 ) 
 
 MINK 
 
 MINIFY, to make little. 
 
 Is man magnified or minified by consider- 
 ing himself as under the influence of the 
 heavenly bodies ? Soathey, The Doctor, ch. 
 197. 
 
 MINIKIN, properly, a lute string. See 
 H., s. v. 
 
 Sir Francis answered him with the old 
 simile, that his Lordship was no good musician, 
 for he would peg the minikin so high that it 
 cracked. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 147. 
 
 This day Mr. (3;esar told me a pretty ex- 
 periment of his, of augliiig with a minnikin, 
 a gut-string varnished over, which keeps it 
 from swelling, and is beyond any hair for 
 strength aad smallness. Pepys, March 18, 
 1667. 
 
 MlNlMIFlCENCE, little doings; op- 
 posed to magnificence. 
 
 When all your magnificences and my 
 minimificences are finished, then .... I fear 
 we shall begin others. Walpole, Letters, ii. 
 122 (1759). 
 
 MINIMINESS, extreme smallness. 
 Andrewes, referring to what is said 
 about Bethlehem in Micah v. 2, and St. 
 Matthew ii. 6, says that the prophet's 
 word parvula (Vulgate) is turned by 
 the Evangelist into minima; from this 
 Ii3 coins the term in the extract ; for, 
 after naming certain titnesses in the 
 selection of Bethlehem as the birth- 
 place of our Lord, he adds, 
 
 But these, though they agree well, yet 
 none of them so well as this, that it was 
 minima, the very miniminess, as I may say, 
 of it. Andreices, i. 160. 
 
 Mi N 1 ION, a small gun. 
 Tiieu let us bring our light artillery, 
 Minions, falc'nets, and sakers to the trench. 
 Marlowe, II. Tamb. iii. 3. 
 
 MIXIONETTE, delicate; effeminate. 
 
 Last night at Vauxhall his minionette face 
 seemed to be sent to languish with Lord K. 
 Bertie's. Walpole, Letters, i. 205 (1749). 
 
 MINIONISE, to favour ; Davies is 
 speaking of the Apostles as the minions 
 of our Lord. 
 
 You did none other thau His Minions did, 
 "Whom, of base groomes, His grace did min- 
 
 ionize, 
 
 Yet in His trouble all their heads they hid. 
 Davies, Holy lloode, p. 26. 
 
 MINISTELLO, a poor, petty minister. 
 
 What pitiful Ministellos, what pigmy Pres- 
 byters, what plebeian Preachers this nation 
 in after-ages is like to have ! Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 194. 
 
 MINISTRATOR, administrator. 
 
 Having a reverence for so much as is called 
 the law, and the ministrators of it in that 
 time, I thought it reasonable to bid defiance 
 to this bold traducer, and turning him round 
 shew his canvass back. North, Examen, 
 p. 74. 
 
 MINISTRY. See quotation. "That 
 time " time of Charles II. 
 
 To shew an instance of the author's tack- 
 ing the terms used of late to the affairs of 
 that time, ... I must tell him that the 
 word Ministry was not then in use, but 
 Counsellors or Courtiers. For the King him- 
 self then took so much upon him, that the 
 ministers had not that aggregate title, as 
 if the Government had been but a Party, 
 and the ministers swayed it as they were 
 disposed to favour or to frown. North, 
 Examen, p. 69. 
 
 MINORATIVE. See quotation. 
 
 I let pass how for a minorative or gentle 
 potion he took four hundred pound weight 
 of colophoniac scammony. Urquhart's Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. II. ch. 33. 
 
 MlNOKlTE, an inferior or subordinate. 
 
 For a better colour to make licentious, 
 invectives, the Respondent takes no notice 
 that a Bishop wrote the letter : for why not 
 rather some minorite among the clergy? 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 102. 
 
 MINSICAL, delicate. 
 
 A certain shee creature, which wee shep- 
 herds call a woman, of a minsical counten- 
 ance. Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 MINTH, mint. 
 
 The primrose, and the purple hyacinth, 
 The daiuty violet, and the wholesome mi-nth. 
 Peele, Arraignment of Paris, I. i. 
 
 MINUTARY, precise to a minute or 
 tittle. 
 
 In such no mortal man can assign the 
 minutary juncture of time, when preparing 
 grace (which cleared the ground) ended, and 
 saving grace (which finish 'd the fabrick of 
 conversion) did first begin. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 III. Dedication. 
 
 MINUTE-MEN. See quotation. 
 
 An account is come of the Bostonians 
 having voted an army of sixteen thousand 
 men, who are to be called minute-men, as 
 they are to be ready at a minute's warning. 
 Walpole, Letters, iv. 2 (1775). 
 
 MINX, a lap-dog ; now applied (like 
 bitch) as a term of reproach to a woman. 
 Sylvester (The Captaines, 386) has 
 Minks as the proper name of a dog ; in 
 that case, however, it is a gray-bitch. 
 
 There are tye dogs or mastifes for keep- 
 inge of houses ; there ben litle minxes or 
 pnpees that ladies keepe in their chauiubers 
 for especial jewels t J p'aye witha:. . . . When
 
 MIP 
 
 ( 410 ) MISCONCEIT 
 
 I am hungry I am a litle mynxe ful of playe, 
 and when my bealy is full a mast if e. UdaFs 
 Erasmus's Apopkth., p. 143. 
 
 MIP. H. gives this as a nymph, but 
 in the extract Furor and Phantasma, 
 who are addressed, are of the mascu- 
 line gender. 
 
 Come, brave mips, gather up your spirits, 
 and let us march on like adveuturous 
 knights. Return from Parnassus, iii. 4 
 (1600). 
 
 MIRE, to wonder. 
 
 Heere but alas he myred what course may 
 be warelye taken. Stanyhurst, *35n., iv. 292. 
 
 MIRIFIC, marvel-making. 
 
 In the space of very few years yon should 
 be sure to see the sancts much thicker in 
 the roll, more numerous, wouder-working, 
 and mirific. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. III. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 MISACHIEVEMENT, wrong-doing. 
 
 Let them sink in obscurity that hope to 
 swim in credit by such mis-atchievements. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall (i. 209). 
 
 MISACT, to act or represent badly. 
 
 The player that misacts an inferior and 
 unnoted part carries it away without cen- 
 sure. Adams, i. 391. 
 
 MISADVENTUROUS, unfortunate. 
 He was bent upon the search of his misad- 
 venturous adventures. Jarvis's Don Quixote, 
 Pt. II. Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 1 feared 
 
 The tidings of our misadventurous synod 
 Augured but ill for both of you. 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, iv. 1. 
 
 MISADVERTENCE, carelessness, want of 
 attention. 
 
 And once by misadvertence Merlin sat 
 In his own chair, and so was lost. 
 
 Tennyson, Holy Grail. 
 
 MlSANTHRoros. This word is used 
 by Shakespeare (Timon of Athens, iv. 
 3), and the second extract would seem 
 to show that in 1660 it had not then 
 been Anglicised. The earliest instance 
 of misanthrope given in the Diets, is 
 from Swift. 
 
 Defye them all. fii<rai>Qp<airoi 
 
 And sqynteyd monsters ryght 
 They are. 
 
 A . Nevyll, Verses prefixed 
 
 to Gooae's Eyloys. 
 
 Sir, I am grown a tru misanthropes, a 
 hater of men. Hoirell, Parly of Beasts, p. 
 131. 
 
 MISAVER, to assert wrongly. 
 
 Job hath mis-averred, 
 
 And, wide of "Wisdome, his discourse hath 
 err'd. 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, iv. 215. 
 
 MISCALL, to abuse: the distinction 
 marked by Fuller is worth noting. Cf. 
 Spenser, F. Qiieene, IV. iv. 24. 
 
 I admire much that Matthew of West- 
 minster writeth him [Walter de Wenlock] 
 William de Wenlock. and that a Monk of 
 Westminster should (though not miscall) 
 mis-name the Abbot thereof. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Salop (ii. 257). 
 
 MISCAPE, to let forth inadvertently. 
 
 Not one day of all my lyfe, no, not one 
 houre I trow, was so truely expended to the 
 pleasure of God, but many deeds, words, and 
 thoughtes miscaped me in my lyfe. Up. 
 Fisher, Sermons, i. 359. 
 
 MISCENSURE, misjudge : also, a sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 Pardon us, Antiquitie, if we miscensure 
 your actions, which are ever (as those of 
 men) according to the vogue and sway of 
 times. Daniel, Hist, of Ena., p. 101. 
 Therefore, my Friends, return, recant, recall 
 Your hard opinions, and mis-Censures all. 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, ii. 162. 
 
 MISCHANCY, unlucky. 
 
 If ever I should be so mischancy as to 
 last so long as Gbysbrecht did . . . I'll thank 
 and bless any young fellow who will knock 
 me on the head. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. xix. 
 
 MISCHIEFFUL, mischievous. 
 
 Ah ! many's the merry freak we have had ! 
 for this I must say, though Mat was but 
 bad at his book, for mischiefful matters there 
 wasn't a more ingenious, cuterer lad in the 
 school. Foote, The Nabob, Act III. 
 
 MISCOLOURED, wrongly coloured, or 
 represented. 
 
 There was a grand half-truth distorted 
 and miscoloured in the words, that silenced 
 me for the time. C. Kinasley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. xxx iii. 
 
 MISCOMMIT, to do amiss. 
 Remit, o Lord, what I have ill omitted ; 
 Remove (alas!) what I have mis-committed. 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, i. 518. 
 
 MISCOMPLAIN, to complain wrongly. 
 Therefore doth Job open his mouth in vain, 
 And voyd of knowledge yet, yet mis-com- 
 plain. Sylvester, Job Triumphant, iv. 256. 
 
 MISCONCEIT, to misconceive. 
 If you would not misconreit that I studi- 
 ously intended your defamation, you shoulde 
 have thicke haile-shot of these. 3'ashe, Len- 
 ten Stuff (Uarl. Misc., vi. 180).
 
 MISCONSTRUABLE ( 411 ) 
 
 MIS-KEEP 
 
 MISCONSTRUABLE, capable of mis- 
 construction. 
 
 If he had been taken up as a presupposed 
 prostitute out of the goal without any dis- 
 covery leading to him, it had been miscon- 
 struable, but not when there was express 
 proof that he was concerned. North, Ex- 
 amen,p. 113. 
 
 MISCONTENTMENT, discontent. 
 
 I here no specialte of the Kinges Majestes 
 myscontentement in this matter of landes, but 
 confusely that my doinges should not be 
 wel taken. Bp. Gardiner to Payet, 1546 
 (Maitland on Ref., p. 332). 
 
 MISCREATION, wrong or distorted 
 making. 
 
 Great dirty warrens of houses, miscalled 
 cities, peopled with savages and imps of our 
 own miscreation. C. Kingsley, 1871 (Life, ii. 
 277). 
 
 MISCREDIT, to disbelieve. 
 
 The miscredited Twelve hasten back to the 
 chateau for an answer in writing. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VJI. ch. vii. 
 
 MISUAIN, to misdeem ; misrepresent. 
 
 None but papistes or traytors can justly 
 accuse them of treason or disobedience ; of 
 whom to be misdained or slandered is in the 
 eyes of the godly 110 small commendation 
 and prayse. Goodman, 1555 (Maitland on 
 Reformation, p, 122). 
 
 MISDOOM, to misjudge. 
 
 Know, there shall Judgment corn 
 To doom them right who others (rash) mis- 
 doom. Sylvester, Job Triumphant, ii. 287. 
 
 MIS-EATING, wrongful eating. 
 So that th' old yeers renewed generations 
 Cannot asswage his venging indignations, 
 Which haue no other ground to prosecute 
 But the unseating of a certain fruit. 
 
 Sylvester, The Imposture, 497. 
 
 MISENROLL, to enroll wrongly. 
 To say thou wast the forme (that is the soule) 
 Of all this all, I should thee misenroule 
 In booke of life. 
 
 Dames, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 64. 
 
 MISEPISCOPIST, a hater of bishops or 
 of episcopacy. Cf. MISOCLERE. 
 
 Those misepiscopists . . . envied and denyed 
 that honour to this or any other Bishops. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 640. 
 
 MISERABLE, a wretch. 
 
 His lordship, . . . where he saw reason, 
 inclined to assist the miserables. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, i. 314. 
 
 'Tis a cruel journey to send a few miser- 
 ables. Sterne, Sent. Journey, Montriul. 
 
 Hundreds of orphaus and widows, and 
 other miserables, perish for want of the 
 
 sustenance which one infernal appetite de- 
 vours without remorse. H. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, i. 371. 
 
 MISFAITH, mistrust. 
 A woman and not trusted, doubtless I 
 Might feel some sudden turn of anger born 
 Of your misfaith. 
 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivian. 
 
 MIS-FATE, misfortune. 
 Be mute that list and muzzle they their stile, 
 Ou whom his Bounty never daign'd to smile, 
 Were 't throw their own misfate in having 
 
 none, 
 
 Or, having Vertues, not to have them kuown. 
 Sylvester, Panaretus, 1495. 
 
 MISFOND, foolishly fond. Sylvester 
 (Little Bartas, 822) says that kings 
 ought to protect their subjects " with- 
 out misfond affection." 
 
 MISFORTUNATE, unfortunate. 
 
 We were the poorest of all, madam, and 
 have been misfortunate from the beginning. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. I. ch. ix. 
 My master sware, 
 If he should lose the day, the cause should 
 
 lie 
 
 In that misfortunate wasting of his strength 
 By sending aid to Ypres. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. iv. 4. 
 
 MISGESTURED, awkward or careless 
 in outward bearing. 
 
 The God of spirits doth most respect the 
 soule of our devotion, yet it is both vnman- 
 nerly and irreligious to be misyestured in 
 our prayers. Hall, Contemplations (Foyle of 
 Amalek). 
 
 MIS-HEED, carelessness. See another 
 example from Sylvester s. v. UN- 
 HALLOW-WASHED. 
 
 But I think better not be borne, 
 Or, born, hence quickly to return 
 
 To our Mother's dusty lap ; 
 Than living, daily here to dye, 
 In cares, and feares, and miserie, 
 By Mis-heed, or by Mis-hap. 
 
 Sylvester, Map of Man, 312. 
 
 MISINTELLIGENCE, wrong information. 
 
 Mr. Lort was certainly misinformed ... I 
 showed one or two of them to a person since 
 my recovery, who may have mentioned them, 
 and occasioned Mr. Lort's misintelliijence. 
 Walpole, Letters, iv. 151 (1779). 
 
 MIS-KEEP, to keep wrongly. Cf. 
 Ecdes. v. 33, " riches kept for the own- 
 ers thereof to their hurt." 
 
 Goods are great Us to those that cannot use 
 
 them ; 
 Misers mis-keep, aud Prodigals mis-spend 
 
 them. 
 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st, 75.
 
 MISLIGHT 
 
 ( 412 ) M1SRESEMBLANCE 
 
 MISLIGHT, to light wrongly, to lead 
 by a false light. 
 
 No Will o' th' Wispe misliyht thee ; 
 Nor snake or slow-worme bite thee. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 232. 
 
 MISLIKENESS, bad likeness. 
 
 This countenance, such as it is, 
 So oft by rascally mislikeness wrong'd. 
 
 Southey, To A. Cunningham. 
 
 MibLlKE WITH, to dislike ; disapprove 
 of. 
 
 Wise and graue men doe naturally mislike 
 with all sodaiue innouations, specially of 
 lawes. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. II. ch. 
 xiii. 
 
 MISLIVER, an evil liver. 
 Therefore as mislyuers obstinate, 
 They were destroyed nowe of late 
 With pestilence and dent of sworde. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and 
 be nott wroth, p. 121. 
 
 MISLOCATION, misplacement. Fuller, 
 inserting Sir W. Windsor among the 
 Bucks Worthies, says, " I am confident 
 herein is no misldcaiion" (i. 141). 
 
 MISLUCK, to meet with bad fortune ; 
 to miscarry. 
 
 They are to ride by two different roads 
 towards Bohemia, that if one mi stuck, there 
 may still be another to make terms. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iv. 343. 
 
 MIS-MANXERS, ill breeding. 
 
 I hope your honour will excuse my mis- 
 manners to whisper before yon ; it was only 
 to give some orders about the family. Van- 
 brugh, The Retyise, iv. 1. 
 
 MISMATE, to mismatch. 
 
 Be not too wise, 
 
 Seeing that ye are wedded to a man, 
 Not all mismatetl with a yawning clown. 
 Tennyson, (leraint and Eniil. 
 
 MISOCLERE, clergy-hating. Cf. Mis- 
 
 EPISCOPIST. 
 
 King Henry the sixth acted herein by 
 some misoclere courtiers sent this Archbishop 
 for a new year's gift a shred -pie indeed, 
 as containing pieces of cloath and stuff of 
 several sorts aud colours, in jeer because his 
 father was a taylor. Fuller, Ch. Hist. IV. 
 iii. 11. 
 
 MISOGRAMMATIST, hater of letters or 
 learning. 
 
 Wat Tyler . . being a Misogratnuiatist (if 
 a good Greek word may be given to so bar- 
 barous a rebel) bated every man that could 
 write or read. Fuller, Worthies, Suffolk (ii. 
 
 NT, to paint wrongly. 
 
 In the details, lucent often with fine 
 colour, and dipt in beautiful sunshine, there 
 are several things misseen, uutrue, which is 
 the worst species of mispaiutiug. Carfyle, 
 Life of Sterling, Pt. II. ch. v. 
 
 MISPATCH, having patches in wrong 
 places. 
 
 Now and then flitted in, to the number of 
 half-a-dozen or more by turns, subordinate 
 sinners . . winking and pinking, mispatcheJ, 
 yawning, stretching. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, viii. 158. 
 
 MISPLEAD, to plead wrongly. 
 Perhaps the mispleading of a word shall 
 forfeit all. Adams, ii. 482. 
 
 MlSPOLICY, wrong policy ; in the ex- 
 tract it seems to mean disaffection. 
 
 Any man may graduate in the schools of 
 Irreligion and Mttpdicy, if he have a glib 
 tongue and a brazen forehead. Southey, Ths 
 Doctor, ch. xcvi. 
 
 MISPUNCTUATE, to stop wrongly. 
 
 The writer who neglects punctuation, or 
 mis-punctuates, is liable to be misunderstood. 
 E. A. Poe, Marginalia, V. 
 
 MISPURSUIT, a wrong or mistaken 
 pursuit. 
 
 The constant gist of his discourse was 
 lamentation over the sunk condition of the 
 world, which he recognised to be given up 
 to Atheism aud Materialism, full of mere 
 sordid misbeliefs, mispursuits, and misresults. 
 Carlyle, Life of Sterling, ch. viii. 
 
 MISREFER, to refer or report wrongly. 
 
 For how can humane wisdome chuse but 
 
 erre, 
 When all hir science comes from th' outward 
 
 senses, 
 
 Which oft misapprehend and missereftrre, 
 And so betrays our best intelligences. 
 
 Dailies, Mirum in Modum, p. 12. 
 
 MISREFLECT, to reflect wrongly; mis- 
 represent. 
 To the censorious world who, like false 
 
 glasses, 
 
 Mingling their own irregular figures, 
 Misrefect the object, I shall appear 
 Some sinful woman, sold to infamy. 
 
 Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, Act IV. 
 
 MISREPORTER, one who reports 
 wrongly. 
 
 We find yon shameful liars aud W.<- 
 reporters. Philpot, p. 115. 
 
 I am glad to see you, Mr. Belford, said 
 she ; I must say so. let misreporters say what 
 they will. Richardson, Cl. Harloice, vii. 2t>4. 
 
 MISRESEMBLANCE, bad likeness. 
 
 The gallery 
 Of the Dutch Poet's misresenMancef. 
 
 Kouthey, To A. Cunningham.
 
 MISRESULT ( 4 
 
 MISRF.SDLT, a wrong or mistaken re- 
 sult. See extract s. v. MISPUBSUIT. 
 
 MISSAL, a missive. 
 
 As the Puritans were encouraged to this 
 separation by the Missals and decretory 
 Latters of Theodore Beza, . . so were the 
 Papists animated to their defection by a 
 Bull of Pope Pius the Fifth. Heylin's Hist, 
 of the Presbyterians, p. 261. 
 
 MISS-ANSWER, failure. 
 
 He that after the misse-answer of the one 
 talent, would not trust the euill seruant with 
 a second, because Hee saw a wilful neglect, 
 will trust Moses with his second Law because 
 Hee saw fidelitie in the worst errour of his 
 zeale. Hall, Contemplations ( Vayle of Moses). 
 
 MISSATICAL, pertaining to the mass. 
 
 He profess'd open adherence to the 
 Romish Church, and did not renounce the 
 missatical corruption of their priesthood. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 101. 
 
 MISSEE, to take a wrong view : see 
 another example from the same author 
 s. v. MISPAINT. 
 
 Herein he fundamentally mistook, mis-saw, 
 and so miswent, poor Prince, in all manner 
 of ways. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 236. 
 
 MIS-SENSE, misunderstand. Sylvester 
 has the word as a substantive dedicating 
 Honour s Farewell to certain noble 
 persons " without Offence, without 
 Mis-sense, or Blame/' 
 
 The false prophets . . . caused the people 
 not only to mislike the gospel of Christ that 
 they had received at St. Paul's hand, but also 
 to mis-sense the sacraments. Jewel, i. 3. 
 
 MIS-SENTENCE, wrong sentence. 
 
 That mis-sentence which pronounced by a 
 plain and understanding man would appear 
 most gross and palpable, by their colours, 
 quotations, and wrenches of the law would 
 be made to pass for current and specious. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 72. 
 
 MISSION, to send or commission. 
 Me Allah and the Prophet mission here. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. V. 
 
 Lamia . . . 
 
 Missioned her viewless servants. 
 
 Keats, Lamia, Pt. II. 
 
 General Belgrano with a force of a thousand 
 men missioned by Buenos Ayres came up the 
 river. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 274. 
 
 MISSISH, affected; sentimental. Cf. 
 MISSY. 
 
 But, Lizzy, you look as if you did not en- 
 joy it. You are not going to be missish, I 
 hope, and pretend to be affronted at an idle 
 
 3 ) MIS-SWAY 
 
 report. Miss Austen, Pride and Prejudice, 
 ch. Ivii. 
 
 How grieved I am you do not like niy 
 heroine's name ; the prettiest in nature ! I 
 remember how many people did not like 
 that of Evelina, and called it affected and 
 missish till they read the book. - Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 47. 
 
 MISS-MAZE, a labyrinth. " I was all 
 of a mizmaze "= I was all in bewilder- 
 ment (Parish's Sussex Glossary}. 
 
 Patterne of Vice, and Mould of Vanitie, 
 Made of the Molde that marres whatere it 
 
 makes ; 
 
 Error's misse-maze, where lost is Veritie, 
 Or blinded so, that still wrong course it 
 takes. Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 10. 
 
 MISSPEAK, to blame or calumniate. 
 JEn . . Ah, shepherds, you bin full of wiles, 
 
 and whet your wits on books, 
 And rape poor maids with pipes and songs 
 
 and sweet alluring looks. 
 Dig . Misspeak not all for hir amiss; thera 
 
 bin that keepen flocks, 
 
 That never chose but once, nor yet beguiled 
 love with mocks. 
 
 Peele, Arraignment of Paris, III. i. 
 Who but mis-speaks of Thee, hee spets at 
 Heaven. Sylvester, The Decay, 616. 
 
 MISSUCCEED, to turn out ill. R. has 
 missuccess, with extract from Bp. Hall. 
 
 Miscarriages in his Government (many by 
 mismanaging, more by the missucceeding of 
 matters) exposed him [Richard II.] to just 
 exception. Fuller, Worthies, Lincoln (ii. 7). 
 
 MlSSUIT, to suit ill. 
 That Robe of Power, which those doth much 
 
 mis-suit, 
 
 Who have not on rare Vertue's richest Suit. 
 Sylvester, St. Lewis, 585. 
 He will not swagger nor boast 
 
 Of his country's meeds, in a tone 
 Missuiting a great man most 
 
 If such should speak of his own. 
 Mrs. Browning, Napoleon III. in Italy. 
 
 MISSUMMATION, misreckoning, mis- 
 take in adding up. 
 
 An inroad on the strongbox, or an erasure 
 in the ledger, or a mis-summation in a fitted 
 account, could hardly have surprised him 
 more disagreeably. Scott, Rob Roy, i. 24. 
 
 MISSURE, mission. 
 
 This current parts itself into two rivulets 
 a commission, a eommixtion : the missive, 
 " I send you," the mixture, " as lambs among 
 wolves." Adams, ii. 110. 
 
 MIS-SWAY, to misrule. 
 Omitting other Princes, to descend 
 
 To the first Edward, that did just refine
 
 MISS Y 
 
 M1XTIFORM 
 
 This Common-weale, and made the same 
 
 ascend 
 
 When through mis-swaying it seem'd to 
 decline. Da vies, Microcosmos, p. 60. 
 
 MISSY, sentimental ; young-ladyish. 
 Cf. MISSISH. 
 
 Her ladyship, I am convinced, has too 
 much discrimination, and values herself too 
 highly to make such a missy match. Miss 
 Edgeworth, Vivian, ch. xiii. 
 
 You cannot, I conceive, satisfy yourself 
 with the common namby-pamby little missy 
 phrase, " ladies have nothing to do with 
 politics." Ibid., Helen, ch. xxviii. 
 
 MISTELL, to miscount. 
 
 Their prayers are by the dozen, when if 
 they miss-tell one, they thinke all the rest 
 lost. Breton, Strange Newes, p. 5. 
 
 And that Bizantiau Prince that did miss-tell 
 A four-fould Essence in the oiiely One. 
 
 Sylvester, Triumph of Faith, c. i. st. xxxv. 
 
 MISTITLE, to describe wrongly. 
 "Who then will venture to declare 
 That man's mistitled sorrow's heir? 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xxi. 
 
 MISTLESS, free from mist. 
 
 How soft are the nights of the continent ! 
 How bland, balmy, safe ! No sea- fog ; no 
 chilling damp ; mistless as noon, and fresh as 
 morning. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xiv. 
 
 MISTRADITION, wrongful tradition. 
 
 My faith would seem 
 
 Dead or half-drown'd, or else swam heavily 1 
 Against the huge corruptions of the Church, 
 Monsters of mistradition, old enough 
 To scare me into dreaming, " "What am I, 
 Cranmer, against whole ages ? " 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, iv. 2. 
 
 MISTRAL, see extract. 
 
 Did you ever hear cf a mistral ? It is on 
 this wise. The whole of the air between the 
 Alps and Pyrenees rushes into the Mediter- 
 ranean from north-west a three or four 
 days' gale, with a bright blue sky, cold wind, 
 parching and burning, with not dust merely 
 but gravel flying till the distances are as 
 thick as in an English north-easter. It is 
 a fearful wind, and often damages crops 
 severely ; but they say it is healthy and 
 bracing. C. Kinysley, 1864 (Life, ii. 178). 
 
 MISTREAT, to ill-treat. 
 A poor mistreated democratic beast. 
 
 Southey, Nondescripts, iv. 
 
 MISTRESS, to become mistress of. 
 Cf. MASTER, which is in common use. 
 
 This one is a first-rate gilder, she mistressed 
 it entirely in three days. Reade, Never too 
 late to Mend, ch. xlii. 
 
 MISTRESSLY, pertaining to the mistress 
 of a household. 
 
 Will he take from me the mistressly man- 
 agement, which I had not faultily dis- 
 charged ? Richardion. Cl. Harlowe, i. 298. 
 
 MISUSANCE, misusage. 
 
 The clients at the bar had studied the good 
 nature of this Lord, and presaged that after 
 he had chafed at their misusance, they might 
 promise to themselves a good cast of his 
 office long before the sun set. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, i. 202. 
 
 MIS-WASTE, to lavish foolishly. 
 Their Health, Wealth, Wit, miswasted, 
 Are but as blossoms blasted. 
 
 Sylvester, Spectacles, st. viii. 
 
 MIS-WORD, a cross, wrong, or awk- 
 ward word ; still used in Sussex and 
 Surrey. 
 
 That form of rule is a right comon-weal, 
 Where all the people haue an enter-deal : 
 Where (without aw or law) the tyrant's 
 
 sword 
 Is not made drunk with blond for a miss- 
 
 word. Sylvester, The Captaines, 1015. 
 
 I haue receiued your snappish letter, 
 whereby I see you are more angry then I 
 thought you would haue beene for a mis- 
 ^cord or two. Breton, Packet of Letters, 
 p. 23. 
 
 MITER, top (?) ; as mitre is a head- 
 covering. 
 
 For like as in a limbeck th' heat of fire 
 Raiseth a vapour, which still mouuteth 
 
 higher 
 
 To the still's top ; when th' odoriferous sweat 
 Above that miter can no further get, 
 It softly thickniug falleth drop by drop. 
 Sylvester, third day, first u-etke, 138. 
 
 MITIGATORY, extenuation. 
 
 Now he is grown milder, and with much 
 moderation concerned for the poor sufferers ; 
 he talks of hard usages, and straining points 
 of law in cases of life, and such mitigatories. 
 North, Examen, p. 316. 
 
 MixiBLE, capable of mingling. 
 Mixion vnites things mixille by change, 
 Or intermingling of their substances : 
 Things mixible are they which, though they 
 
 range, 
 
 Are yet contained in cither's essences. 
 Davics, Summa Totalis, p. 9. 
 
 MIXTIFORM, of mixed shape ; com- 
 posed of miscellaneous elements. 
 
 The General . . . speaks vaguely some 
 smooth words to the National President, 
 glances, only with the eye, at that so mixti- 
 form National Assembly ; then fares forward 
 towards the Chateau. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 I. Bk. VII. ch. ix.
 
 MIZES 
 
 MODE 
 
 MIXES. "The profits of lands ; taxes or 
 tollages : expences or costs." (Bailey's 
 Diet.) 
 
 You threaten . . . those that shall refuse 
 to pay any of your illegal arid (now that the 
 war is ended) unnecessary impositions by 
 way of excise, loan, mizes, weekly and 
 monthly assessments. British Bellman, 
 1648 (Harl. Misc., vii. 628). 
 
 MOB. See quotation from North. 
 Farquhar uses mob for clown. The 
 club to which North refers was the 
 Green Ribbon Club. 
 
 I may note that the rabble first changed 
 their title, and were called the mob, in the 
 assemblies of this club. North, Examen, 
 p. 574. 
 
 Enter Kite with a mob in each hand drunk. 
 Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, Act II. 
 
 Whenever this word [mob] occurs in our 
 writings, it intends persons without virtue 
 or sense in all stations ; and many of the 
 highest rank are often meant by it. Fielding, 
 Tom Jones, Bk. I. ch. ix. note. 
 
 MOBBIFY OUT, to drive out by a mob, 
 to rabble. 
 
 This same High and Low shall . . . serve 
 for noise, and mollify out at elections con- 
 formable loyal gentlemen, whom we will 
 cry down for High Men, that is Adherents 
 to Popery. North, Examen, p. 345. 
 
 MOB-DRIVER, demagogue. 
 
 Colonel Mildmay an old Kumper, and late 
 mob-drive)' in Essex. North, Examen, p. 126. 
 
 Yet a sideling- writer in harness upon the 
 road to a rebellion, without a single-faced 
 instance, shall cry, O the Papists are set up ! 
 just as his mob-drivers did to their rabble. 
 Ibid., p. 343. 
 
 MOBILE, mover, or principle of 
 motion. 
 
 O Heaven crystalline, 
 
 Which by thy watry hue 
 Dost temper and refine 
 The rest in azur'd blue ; 
 His glory sound, 
 Thou first Molile, 
 Which mak'st all wheel 
 In circle round. 
 
 Howell, Letters, I. v. 11. 
 
 MOBMASTER, a demagogue. 
 
 Faction always sustains their project of 
 destroying the Government by inflaming the 
 rabble, or at least by making an appearance 
 as if they were inflamed, which is done by a 
 sort of military disposition of mob-masters 
 about in corners, that upon the watch-word 
 are to bring forward some hare-brained rout 
 which they call the people. North, Examen, 
 p. 571. 
 
 MOBOCRACY, rule of the mob. 
 
 It is a good name that a Dr. Stevens has 
 given to our present situation (for one can- 
 not call it a Government), a Molocracy. 
 Walpole to Mann, iii. 245 (1757). 
 
 I must tell you a good sort of quirk of 
 Mr. Wilkes, who, when the power of the 
 mob and their cruelty were first reciting, 
 quarrelled with a gentleman for saying the 
 French government was become a democracy, 
 and asserted it was rather a molocracy. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, v. 76. 
 
 MOCAYARE, mockado ; a stuff made 
 in imitation of velvet (Ital. moccaiaro). 
 
 There are also cotton wool ; tanned hides ; 
 hides in the hair ; wax ; camlets ; mocayares ; 
 grogerams. Campion, Trade to Scio, 1570 
 (Eny. Garner, i. 52). 
 
 MOCCINIGO, a small Venetian coin, 
 worth about ninepence. 
 
 You shall not give me Fix crowns, nor five, 
 nor four, nor three, nor two, nor one, nor 
 half a ducat ; no, nor a mocciniao. Sixpence 
 it will cost you. Jonson, Fox, II. i. 
 
 MOCKADO, mockery : the word is 
 usually applied to a stuff ; a mock- 
 velvet. See N. 
 
 Neither of them would sit, nor put their 
 hats on : what mockado is this to such a 
 poor soul as I. Richardson, Pamela, ii. 37. 
 
 MOCK-GOD, a derider of God. 
 
 Think of this, you monsters, scorners, and 
 inock-yods, that forget your consciences, lest 
 they awake and tear you in pieces. Ward, 
 Sermons, p. 100. 
 
 But what shall I say to such mock-c/od-like 
 Esaus? Ibid.,p. 125. 
 
 MOCK-GUEST, one who seems to offer 
 hospitality, but only in empty show, like 
 the Barmecide in the Arabian Nights. 
 
 Though charity commands me to believe 
 that some women which hang out signes, 
 notwithstanding will not lodge strangers ; 
 yet those mock-guests are guilty in tempting 
 others to tempt them. Fuller, Holy State, 
 
 I. i. 7. 
 
 MOCK-MOUTHS: "mouths have they 
 and speak not.'' 
 
 Those idols with their hands were so far 
 from defending themselves, that their mock- 
 mouths could not afford one word to bemoan 
 their finall destruction. Fuller, Ch. Hint 
 
 II. ii. 43. 
 
 MODE, to follow the mode ; to be 
 fashionable. 
 
 Here he was accounted dypotKo-ripos, 
 somewhat clownish, by the Komish Court, 
 because he could not mode it with the 
 Italians. Fuller, Worthies, Sussex (ii. 388). 
 
 He could not mode it, or comport either 
 with French fickleness or Italian pride. 
 Ibid., Warwick, ii. 407.
 
 MODELIZE 
 
 MOKE 
 
 MODELIZE, to model. See MODULIZE. 
 
 Which . . some silly saints and devout 
 bunglers will undertake to manage and 
 modelize beyond their line and measure. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 426. 
 
 MODERAT-ION-MONGER, professor of 
 moderation, used contemptuously. 
 
 Would St. Paul have rebuked such new- 
 fashion 'd extraordinary Christians, or would 
 he not? And if he would, do we imagine 
 that he would have done it in the modern 
 treacherous dialect, Touch not my rebels 
 and do my fanaticks no harm ? No moder- 
 ation-monger under heaven shall ever per- 
 suade me that St. Paul would have took 
 such a course with such persons. South, 
 vi. 83. 
 
 MODERATRESS, female moderator or 
 President. 
 
 As there was something too little, so some- 
 thing too much for a canouicall councill ; 
 Hilda, a woman, being Moderatreste therein, 
 which seemed irregular. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 II. ii. 90. 
 
 MODERATRIX, moderatress, q. v. 
 
 Wisedom from above 
 Is th' only moderatrix, spring,, and guide, 
 Organ and honour of all gifts beside. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 348. 
 
 Make your demands, 
 I'll sit as moderatrix, if they press you 
 With over-hard conditions. 
 
 Massinyer, City Madam, ii. 2. 
 
 The Queen Mother, moderatrix of this and 
 
 all other solemn negotiations in France at 
 
 that time. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 210. 
 
 The debate was closed, and referred to 
 
 Mrs. Shirley as moderatrix. Richardson, 
 
 Grandison, vi. 387. 
 
 MODERNITY, a piece of modern work ; 
 modernness. 
 
 But here is a modernity which beats all 
 antiquities for curiosity. Walpole, Letters, i. 
 313 (1753). 
 
 Now that the poems have been so much 
 examined, nobody (that has an ear) can get 
 over the modernity of the modulations, and 
 the recent cast of the ideas and phraseology. 
 Jbid., iv. 297 (1782). 
 
 MODESTLESS, wanting in modesty. 
 Alas ! how faithles and how modezt-les 
 Are you that (in your Ephemerides) 
 Mark th' yeer, the month, the day, which 
 
 euermore 
 Gainst yeers, months, days, shall dam-vp 
 
 Saturnes dore. 
 
 Sylvester, First day, first weeke,4lO. 
 
 MODKSTY. To modesty away = to 
 lose through modesty. 
 
 Twice already have you, my dear, if not 
 oftener, modesty'd airay such opportunities 
 
 as you ought not to have slipped. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 88. 
 
 MODESTY-BIT, " a narrow lace which 
 runs along the upper part of the stays 
 before, being a part of the tucker." 
 This is Addison's definition (in the 
 Guardian) of the modesty-piece as 
 given in L. 
 
 Smile if you will, young ladies! your 
 great-grandmothers wore large hoops, peaked 
 stomachers, and modesty-bits. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. Ivi. 
 
 MODICUM, mannikin. 
 
 Marc. Where are you, you modicum, you 
 dwarf ? 
 
 Man'. Here, giantess, here. 
 
 Massinyer, Duke of Milan, Act II. 
 
 MODULET, a little model, applied here 
 to man as the microcosm. 
 But soft, my muse ! what, wilt thou re-repeat 
 The little world's admired mochdet ? 
 
 Sylvester, Seventh day, first weeke, 747. 
 
 MODULIZE, to model. See MODELIZE. 
 While with the Duke, th' Eternall did devise, 
 And to his inward sight did moduli 'ze 
 His Tabernacle's admirable form. 
 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 1115. 
 
 MODY, fashionable ; modish. 
 
 Mr. Longman would have me accept of 
 several yards of Holland, and a silver snuff- 
 box, and a gold ring .... I said, " O, dear 
 Mr. Longman, you make me too rich and too 
 mody. Richardson, Pamela, i. 128. 
 
 MOHOCK. 
 
 Bob Tench was never at a loss for expedi- 
 ents, and had always a little phial of Fryar's 
 Balsam in his pocket, some gold-beater's 
 skin, and court-plaister, as well as his cork- 
 screw aud mohock. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, 
 Bk. X. ch. xxiv. 
 
 MOISTRY, moisture. 
 
 No Shire can shew finer ware, which hath 
 so large measure ; being generally fruitful, 
 though little moistry be used thereon. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Somerset (ii. 275). 
 
 MOITED, moithered (V). The meaning 
 seems to be " made a game of," " baited." 
 I would not willingly be present when 
 They interchange their hearts ; she will shew 
 
 too much 
 
 A tyrant, if she be not satisfied 
 With what was mine, but I must be moiled 
 To be their triumph. 
 
 Shirley, lite Gamester, Act V. 
 
 MOKE, a donkey : said to be a gipsy 
 word. 
 
 Miss Chummey, when entreated by two 
 young gentlemen of the order of coster- 
 mongers, inclines to the one who rides from
 
 MOLE-SPADE ( 4*7 ) MONEY-MONGER 
 
 market on a moke, rather than to the gentle- 
 man who sells his greens from a handbasket. 
 Thackery, JVeiccomes, ch. xxx. 
 
 MOLE-SPADE, a spade or 8pud used in 
 prodding for moles (?). 
 
 Poore Menaphon neither asked his swaynes 
 for his sheepe, nor tookc his mole-spade on 
 his uecke to see his pastures. Greene, Mena- 
 phon, p. 33. 
 
 MOLEST, trouble. 
 Thus clogg'd with love, with passions, and 
 
 with grief, 
 I saw the country life had least molest. 
 
 Greene (from the Morning 
 Garment), p. 309. 
 
 MOLITDRE, multure, a fee paid in 
 kind for the use of a mill. See MOUL- 
 TDRE. 
 
 This claim of universal power and authority 
 doth bring more moliture to their mill. 
 Eramhall, ii. 159. 
 
 MOLOCHIZE, immolate as to Moloch. 
 The people are as thick as bees below, 
 They hum like bees they cannot speak 
 
 for awe ; 
 
 Look to the skies, then to the river, strike 
 Their hearts, and hold their babies up to it. 
 I think that they would Molochize them too, 
 To have the heavens clear. 
 
 Tennyson, Harold, I. i. 
 
 MOMENT, to arrange to a moment. 
 
 All accidents are minuted and momented by 
 Divine Providence. Fuller, Worthies, Suffolk 
 (ii. 334). 
 
 MOMENTLY, each moment ; moment by 
 moment. The Diets, have momentally ; 
 momentarily. 
 
 Her face grew momently darker, more 
 dissatisfied, and more sourly expressive of 
 disappointment. 6'. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 He contrived to impress me momently with 
 the conviction that I was put beyond the 
 pale of his favour. Ibid., ch. xxxv. 
 
 MOMISH, foolish. The verses from 
 which the extract is taken are by Alex- 
 ander Neuyll. 
 
 Eight so thy Muse (o worthy Googe), 
 
 Thy pleasaunt framed style, 
 Discoverd lyes to momish mouthes, 
 
 Reprochf ull tongs, and vyle 
 Diffaming minds. 
 
 Verses prefixed to Gooye's Eyloys. 
 
 MONASTERIALLY, monastically. 
 
 It is not the habit that makes the monk, 
 many being monasterially accoutred, who 
 inwardly are nothing less than monachal. 
 Urquhart, Rabelais, bk. \., Author's Prologue. 
 
 MONDAY. Working men who are given 
 to drink, very often make Monday a 
 holiday ; not being up to their work 
 after the Sunday's dissipation ; hence 
 it is called Saint Monday. For Black 
 Monday see s. v. BLACK. 
 
 I continued with him several years, work- 
 ing when he worked, and while he was keep- 
 ing Saint Monday, I was with boys of my 
 own age, fighting, cudgel-playing, wrestling, 
 &c. Life of J. Lackinyton, Letter iii. 
 
 MONDAY'S HANDSELL. H. says " Han- 
 sel-Monday is the first Monday in the 
 year, when it is usual to make presents 
 to children and servants." Patten re- 
 lates how a Captain and twenty-one 
 soldiers, "a bunch of beggars," gave 
 themselves up to the English, and that 
 the Captain and six of these were given 
 into the custody of the Provost Mar- 
 shall rather " to take Monday's hand- 
 sell than for hope of advantage." 
 (fixped. to Scotl., 1548. Eng. Garner, 
 iii. 84). 
 
 MONEY. " Money makes the mare to 
 go," a saying expressive of the power 
 of money ; but also frequently used to 
 insinuate that a bribe has been taken. 
 As money makes the mare to yo, 
 Even so it makes the lawyer too. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. ii. 
 I'm making the mare yo here in "Whitford, 
 without the money too sometimes. Kinysley, 
 Two Years Ayo, Iiitrod. 
 
 MONEY-DROPPER, a sharper who scrapes 
 
 acquaintance with a dupe by asking 
 him about a piece of money which he 
 pretends to have just picked up ; this 
 begets confidence and companionship, 
 which the cheat takes advantage of to 
 fleece the other. Cf. RING-DROPPER. 
 
 He assured us ... that this polite, honest, 
 friendly, humane person who had treated us 
 so civilly, was no other than a rascally money- 
 dropper, who made it his business to decoy 
 strangers in that manner to one of his own 
 haunts, where an accomplice or two were 
 always waiting to assist in pillaging the prey 
 they had run down. Smollett, Rod. Random, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 MONEY-MONGER, a dealer in money; 
 an usurer. See quotation from Mas- 
 singer s. v. LIVERY. 
 
 Thievery needs no more than the name to 
 prove it a water of stealth . . a sin which 
 usurers and money-monyers do bitterly rail 
 at. Adams, i. 185. 
 
 The money -monger hath least need of all 
 ether men to say his prayers, bee it wet or 
 Ji K
 
 MONEY-MONGERING ( 418 ) 
 
 MONOTONIST 
 
 dry, bee it tempest or calme ... he shall bee 
 sure of his money, for time onely works for 
 him. R. Turner, Usurer's Plea answered, 
 p. 10 (1633). 
 
 MONEY - MONGERING, dealing with 
 money (in a grasping way). 
 
 The last place in which he will look for 
 the cause of his misery is in that very money- 
 monyeriny to which he now clings as fran- 
 tically as ever. C. Kinysley, Yeast, ch. xv. 
 
 MONEY-SACK, purse. 
 The Money-sacke best kept the land from 
 sack. Dames, Microcosmos, p. 61. 
 
 MONGIBELL. Mongibello or Monte 
 Gibello is the name given to M. Mtna. 
 by the Sicilians, and so is used for a 
 volcano generally. 
 
 "Within us we felt too often such flamings, 
 such furnaces or Monyibells of fires. Howell, 
 Parly of Heasts, p. 134. 
 
 MONIED. Chapman makes Nestor 
 speak of cattle which had been taken 
 as " soon-monied wares" (Iliad, xi. 590), 
 that is, I suppose, easily exchanged for 
 money. There is no corresponding word 
 in the original. 
 
 MONKEY, to imitate, as a monkey 
 does. 
 And many murmured, " From this source 
 
 "What red blood must be poured ! " 
 And some rejoined, " 'Tis even worse ; 
 
 What red tape is ignored ! " 
 All cursed the Doer for an evil, 
 Called here, enlarging on the Devil 
 There, monkeying the Lord. 
 
 Mrs. Urowniny, Tale of Villafranca. 
 
 MONKEY. To suck the monkey is, 
 properly, to abstract wine or spirits 
 from a cask by the insertion of a tube ; 
 in the second extract it is put for 
 drinking generally : the first gives yet 
 another meaning to it. 
 
 " Do you know what sucking the monkey 
 means?" "No, sir." " Well then, I'll tell 
 you; it's a term used among seamen for 
 drinking rum out of cocoa nuts, the milk 
 having been poured out, and the liquor 
 substituted." Marryat, Peter Simple,ch. xxx. 
 St. Foix never would drink now, unless he 
 
 was dry; 
 Besides, what the vulgar call sucking the 
 
 monkey 
 Has much less effect on a man when he's 
 
 funky. 
 
 Inyoldsly Leyends (Black Mousguetaire). 
 
 MONKEY'S ALLOWANCE. See extract. 
 
 You fellows worked like bricks, spent 
 money, and got midshipman's half - pay 
 (nothing a day, and find yourself) and 
 
 monkey's allowance (more kicks than half- 
 pence). C. Kinysley, Letter, May, 1856. 
 
 MONK-MONGER, fosterer of inonas- 
 ticism. 
 
 Oswald (a great monk-monger, of whom 
 hereafter) held York and Worcester. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., II. v. 24. 
 
 MONMOUTH, a flat cap. See extracts. 
 In Defoe's Tour thro' G. Britain (ii. 
 339), Bewdley or Beaulieu in Worcester- 
 shire is spoken of as well supplied, 
 among other things, with " Caps, which 
 the Dutch Seamen buy, called Mon- 
 mouth Caps." 
 
 The best Caps were formerly made at 
 Monmouth . . But, on the occasion of a great 
 plague hapning in this Town, the trade was 
 some years since removed hence to Beaudly 
 in Worcestershire, yet so that they are called 
 Monmouth Caps unto this day ... If at this 
 day the phrase of wearing a Monmouth Cap 
 be taken L in a bad aceeption, I hope the in- 
 habitants of that Town will endeavour to 
 disprove the occasion thereof. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Monmouth (ii. 116). 
 
 The Welsh his Monmouth use to wear, 
 And of the same will brag too. 
 
 Merrie Drollerie, p. 25. 
 
 MONOCULATE, one-eyed. 
 
 Philosophy uiibaptized with grace is said 
 to be monoculate, to have but one eye, and 
 that is of natural reason ; a left eye of the 
 soul. Adams, ii. 378. 
 
 MONOGRAPH, treatise on a single sub- 
 ject, or on a single branch of a wide 
 subject. In 1843 Sir R. Murchison had 
 used the term in an essay, but it was 
 quite unfamiliar to Sydney Smith, who, 
 rather curiously, seems to have no idea 
 of what it might mean. L. has the 
 word, but no example. 
 
 The only expression I quarrel with is 
 monograph : either it has some conventional 
 meaning among geologists, or it only means 
 a pamphlet a book. 8. Smith, Letters, 1843. 
 
 MONOPOLE, monopoly. 
 Some shuffled for some office ; some to gaine 
 Some monopole, which then could not be got ; 
 For Fortune did those monojwles restraine, 
 Because she thought 'twas in hir rule a blot 
 To pleasure one by all her subjects' paine. 
 Davies, Humour's Heaven on Earth, p. 35. 
 
 MONOPOLITE, monopolist. 
 You marchant mercers, and monopolites, 
 Gain-greedy chapmen, perjur'd hypocrites. 
 
 Sylvester, Third day, first weeke, 522. 
 Nor privie Theeves, nor proud Monopolites. 
 Ibid., Hymn of Alms, 300. 
 
 MONOTONIST, one who harps on one 
 subject.
 
 MONSTER-MAN (419) 
 
 MOON-FACE 
 
 If I ruin such a virtue, sayest thou ! 
 Eternal monotonist! Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 loice, iv. 136. 
 
 MONSTER-MAN, giant. 
 "Which like the vaunting monster-man of 
 
 Gath, 
 
 Haue stirr'd against vs little David's wrath. 
 Sylvester, The Imposture, 638. 
 
 MONSTER-MASTER, brute-tamer. The 
 extract refers to Nimrod. 
 
 This monster-master stout, 
 This Hercules, this hammer-ill, they tender, 
 And call him (all) their Father and Defender! 
 Sylvester, Babylon, 85. 
 
 MONSTRICIDE, slaughter of a monster. 
 
 Andromeda had been a good deal exposed 
 to the Dragon in the course of the last five 
 or six days ; and if Perseus had cut the 
 latter's cruel head off, he would have com- 
 mitted not unjustifiable monstricide. Thack- 
 eray, The Virginians, ch. xxv. 
 
 MONSTRIFEROUS, portentous. 
 
 This monstriferouse empire of women .... 
 is most detestable and damnable. Knox, 
 First JBlast (Maitland's Reformation, p. 129). 
 
 MONTHLING, a being of a month old : 
 a word formed like yearling. The 
 extract is from " Address to my Infant 
 Daughter, on being reminded that she 
 was a month old." 
 
 Yet hail to thee, 
 Frail, feeble Monthling ! by that name 
 
 methinks 
 
 Thy scanty breathing time is portioned out 
 Not idly. Wordsworth. 
 
 Moo, to low : an onomatopoeous word. 
 
 I can mind now how I used to smell the 
 grass, and see the dew shining, and hear the 
 pretty sweet cows a mooing. Mrs. Trollope, 
 Michael Armstrong, ch. xxiv. 
 
 Moo-cow, a childish name for the cow ; 
 imitation of the lowing. 
 
 The sheeps all baa'd, the asses bray'd, 
 The moo-cow low'd, and Grizzle neigh'd. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xiv. 
 
 MOOD, anger. 
 
 Komulus met them with an army, and in 
 one small skirmish made proof how Mood 
 (iram) without might is vain and bootless. 
 Holland, Livy, p. 7. 
 
 And now my father in his mood may slay 
 this poor bondsman, but for his love and 
 loyal service to me. Scott, Ivanhoe, ii. 88. 
 
 MOODISHLY, sulkily. 
 
 He had thought himself of consequence 
 enough to behave moodishly. Richardson, 
 Grandison, i. 166. 
 
 MOON, to dawdle ; to indulge in 
 vague and idle dreams, like a person 
 
 staring at the moon instead of attend- 
 ing to the world's business : in the 
 second quotation from Kingsley it = 
 enjoying the moon-light. 
 
 He neglected alike work and amusement 
 for lazy mooning over books, and the dreams 
 which books called up. Kingsley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. i. 
 
 From 7 to 10 the whole population will be 
 in the streets, not sunning but mooning them- 
 selves. Kingsley, 1864 (Life, ii. 175). 
 
 Do you think Lavender and Sheila spend 
 their time in mooning up in that island of 
 theirs ? Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xxvii. 
 
 MOON. A blue moon is a vulgar ex- 
 pression for the Greek Calends. The 
 subjoined extract shows that a blue 
 moon as meaning something impossible 
 or absurd is an expression at least 350 
 years old. 
 
 Yf they saye the mone is belewe, 
 We must beleve that it is true, 
 Admittynge their interpretation. 
 
 Roy and Barlowe, Rede me and 
 be not wroth, p. 114. 
 
 MOON. To make a man believe that 
 the moon is made of green cJieese = to 
 impose upon him completely. In the 
 second extract Orosian = Welshman ; 
 in the third, the saying is varied though 
 the sound is similar. 
 
 With this plesaunt mery toye he made 
 his frendes beleue the moone to be made of a 
 grene chese. UdaFs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 193. 
 
 To make a pure Orosian thirst for blisse, 
 And daily say his prayers on his knees, 
 
 Is to persuade him that most certain 'tis 
 The moon is made of nothing but green cheese : 
 
 And then he'd ask of God no greater boon 
 
 Then place in heven to feed upon the moon. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 120. 
 
 You may as well persuade me the moon is 
 -made of a cream cheese, as that any nobleman 
 turned himself into a writing-master to ob- 
 tain Miss Groves. Mrs. Lennox, Female 
 Quixote, Bk. IV. ch. i. 
 
 MOON-DRAKE. The extract is from 
 some nonsense verses by Corbet. 
 Marke ! how the lanterns clowd mine eyes, 
 See where a moon-drake 'gins to rise. 
 
 Bp. Corbet, A Non Sequitur. 
 
 MOON-FACE, an Oriental term for a 
 beautiful woman. 
 
 He blandly received their caresses ; took 
 their coaxing and cajolery as matters of 
 course, and surveyed the beauties of his 
 time as the Caliph the moon -faces of his 
 harem. Thackei-ay, The Newcomes, ch. liii. 
 E E 2
 
 MOON-RAKING 
 
 ( 420 ) 
 
 MOROSO 
 
 MOON -BAKING, wool-gathering; 
 spoken of one who is absent and dis- 
 traught. Wiltshire people are some- 
 times called moon-rakers, from some 
 story of a rustic who, mistaking the 
 reflection of the moon in a stream for a 
 cheese, tried to fish it up with his rake. 
 
 It irked me much that any one should 
 take advantage of me ; yet everybody did so 
 as soon as ever it was known that my wits 
 were gone moon-rakiny. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. xvii. 
 
 MOON-SICK, crazy ; lunatic. 
 
 If his itch proceed from a moon-sick head, 
 the chief intention is to settle his brains. 
 Adams, i. 502. 
 
 MOONY, stupid ; dawdling ; given to 
 mooning. 
 
 Heiresses vary, and persons interested in^ 
 one of them beforehand are prepared to find' 
 that she is too yellow or too red, tall and 
 toppling or short and square, violent and 
 capricious or moony and insipid. G. Eliot, 
 Daniel Deronda, ch. xxii. 
 
 MOORERY, the Moorish quarter. 
 
 They arose and entered the moorery, and 
 slew many moors, and plundered their 
 houses. Southey, Chron. of the Cid, p. 386 
 (1808). 
 
 MOOT UP, to dig up. 
 
 A huge portion of it on all sides had, to 
 use the provincial term, been "mooted up," 
 and carried away, for the sake of the stone 
 for building purposes. Archaol., xxxvii. 428 
 (1855). 
 
 MOP, a fair at which servants are 
 hired. 
 
 Many a rustic went to a statute fair or 
 mop, and never came home to tell of his 
 hiring. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. i. 
 
 MOPE, a spiritless person. This word 
 is in the Diets. ; but an absurd deriva- 
 tion of it from Merops may be seen, 
 8. v. DUMPS. Perhaps in that passage 
 mopes does not mean spiritless persons, 
 but dumps or vapours. 
 
 MOPPET, a grimace. 
 
 Albeit we see them sometimes counterfeit 
 devotion, yet never did old ape make pretty 
 moppet (moue). Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. III. 
 (Author's Prologue). 
 
 MOPSY-EYED, the same, T suppose, as 
 mop-eyed, short-sighted, though mopsy 
 a puppet, so it might mean vacant- 
 eyed, like a doll. 
 
 " Pretty mopsy-eyed soul ! " was her ex- 
 pression : " and was it willing to think it 
 had still a brother and sister ? " Rictuirdson, 
 C'l. Harlowe, i. 336. 
 
 MORAT, a drink made of honey, flav- 
 oured with the juice of mulberries. 
 See quotation s. v. PIGMENT. 
 
 There was grace after meat with a fist on 
 
 the board, 
 And down went the morat, and out flew the 
 
 sword. Taylor, Edicin the Fair, ii. 6. 
 
 Six meals a day, 
 
 "With morat and spiced ale is generous living. 
 Ibid., iii. 7. 
 
 MOREEN, a stout woollen stuff, used 
 for curtains, &c. 
 
 Mr. Harding, however, thought the old 
 reddish-brown much preferable to the gaudy 
 buff -coloured trumpery moreen which Mrs. 
 Proudie had deemed good enough for her 
 husband's own room. Trollope, Barchester 
 Toicers, ch. v. 
 
 MOREPORK, a bird, so called from its 
 note. Cf. PORK-PORKING. 
 
 Somewhere, apparently at an immense dis- 
 tance, a morepork was chanting his mono- 
 tonous cry. H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. xxxi. 
 
 MORISH, insufficient, i. e. requiring a 
 new supply ; sometimes used in a good 
 sense for nice, that of which one would 
 like to have more. See Peacock's 
 Manley and Corringham Glossary 
 (E. D. S.). 
 
 Lady S. How do you like this tea, Colonel ? 
 
 Col. Well enough, Madam, but methinks 
 it is a little morish. 
 
 Lady S. Oh Colonel, I understand you ; 
 Betty, bring the canister. Sirift, Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv. i.). 
 
 MORNING-STEAD, the place of the 
 morning, and so, morning. 
 
 Toward morning-sted 
 To mighty Pharaoh the Almighty sent 
 A double dream. 
 
 Sylvester, Maiden's Blush, 1176. 
 
 MORNLY, in the morning. 
 
 All the winged quiers 
 Which mornly warble on green trembling 
 
 briers 
 Ear-tickling tunes. 
 
 Sylvester, Babylon, 327. 
 
 MOROLOGICALLY, in the way of moro- 
 logy, i. e. the science that deals with 
 fools. 
 
 Morologically speaking, the production is 
 no richer or sil'lier than your prize-fool from 
 Gloucestershire. Lord Stratu/ford, Letters 
 and Papers, p. 164. 
 
 MOROSO, a surly person. Cf . FURIOSO, 
 GUATIOSO, &c. Fuller is speaking of
 
 MORPHET1C 
 
 ( 421 ) MOTHER-IN-LAW 
 
 those who would object to organs, even 
 in private houses. 
 
 Such Morosos deserve not to be owners 
 of au articulate voice sounding through the 
 Organ of a Throat. Worthies, Denbigh (ii. 
 588). 
 
 MOBPHETIC, pertaining to sleep; 
 slumberous. 
 
 I never can sleep when I try for it in the 
 day-time ; the moment I cease all employ- 
 ment my thoughts take such an ascendance 
 over my morphetic faculty, that the attempt 
 always ends in a deep and most wakeful 
 meditation. Mad. D'Arblay's Diary, iv. 195. 
 
 I am invulnerably asleep at this very mo- 
 ment ; in the very centre of the morphetic 
 domains. Ibid., Camilla, Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 MORRICE, a slang word for move ! be. 
 off 1 See quotation s. v. MAGPIE. Per- 
 haps the allusion is to the morris-dance. 
 
 Tony. I don't value her resentmenb the 
 bounce of a cracker ; zounds, here they are ! 
 Morrice! Prance! (Exit Hastings). Gold- 
 smith, She stoops to conquer, Act III. 
 
 MORRICE, to dance as a morrice- 
 dance. 
 
 However it's quite 
 As wild a night 
 
 As ever was known on that sinister height 
 Since the Demon-dance was morriced. 
 
 Hood, The Forge. 
 
 MORROWING, procrastination. 
 If he importune thee with borrowing, 
 Or careless liue upon thy purse's spending ; 
 Or daily put thee off with morromny, 
 Till want do make thee wearie of thy lending. 
 Breton, Mother's Blessing, st. 66. 
 
 MORT. See extract. 
 
 The saddler he stuffs his pannels with 
 straw or hay, and overglaseth them with 
 haire, and makes the leather of them of 
 worts or tan'd sheep's skins. Greene, Quip 
 for an Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 413). 
 
 MORTAR, a cap ; the square college 
 cap is sometimes called a mortar-board, 
 No more shall man with mortar on his head 
 Set forward towards Borne. 
 
 Bp. Corbet to T. Coryate. 
 
 Some of them wore a mortar on their 
 heads, so ponderous that they could look 
 neither upward, nor on either side, but only 
 downward and forthright. Fuller, Pisyah 
 Siyht, IV. vi. 4. 
 
 MORTAR UP, to fasten up with mortar. 
 
 Electricity cannot be made fast, mortared 
 up, and ended like London Monument. 
 Emerson, Eng. Traits, ch. xiii. 
 
 MORT-CLOTH, funeral hangings. 
 
 The vast Champ-de-Mars wholly hung 
 
 round with black mort-cloth; which mort- 
 cloth and expenditure Marat thinks had 
 better have been laid out in bread in these 
 dear days, and given to the hungry living 
 patriot. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. II. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 MORTER-MAN, a mason. Bp. Gauden 
 in] applying this term to the Babel- 
 builders was probably thinking of Gen. 
 xi. 3, "slime had they for morter." 
 
 They are likely to produce uo better suc- 
 cessors either to this Church or Nation than 
 those morter-men did, whose work deserved 
 the nick-name of Babel or Confusion. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 513. 
 
 MORTSTONE. In a note Sir H. Taylor 
 says, "This was a large stone by the 
 way-side between a distant village and 
 the parish church, on which the bearers 
 of a dead body rested the coffin." 
 
 'Tis here, 
 
 Six furlongs from the chapel. What is this ? 
 Oh me ! the mort stone ! 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, v. 7. 
 
 MOSCOVITER, a Russian. Rabelais 
 simply has Sarmates ; the explanation 
 is Urquhart's. 
 
 The falconry . . . was yearly supplied and 
 furnished by the Candianes, Venetians, Sar- 
 mates, now called Moscoviters, with all sorts 
 of most excellent hawks. Urqufuert's Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. I. ch. Iv. 
 
 MOTELINGS, little motes, applied in 
 the extract to bees. See quotation s. v. 
 DROPLING. 
 
 A crowd of moatlings hums 
 Above our heads, who with their cipres 
 
 wings 
 Decide the quarrel of their little kings. 
 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 335. 
 
 MOTHER. A fit of the mother = hy- 
 steria, but in the extract the expression 
 is used by a sort of pun for pregnancy. 
 
 If after all the sin quickens in her womb, 
 and that within nine months she be in dan- 
 ger to fall into fits of the mother, what pangs, 
 what throws, what convulsions tear this poor 
 creature's breast! Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 80. 
 
 MOTHER-IN-LAW, step-mother. The 
 word in this sense is now little used 
 except by the uneducated, e. g. Mr. 
 Sam. Weller, passim, but the meaning 
 is not a new one. In the fifth series 
 of N. and Q., vii. 519, an instance is 
 given from a will dated 1553 ; while in 
 viii. 137, a modern example is supplied 
 from Lord Lytton's Parisians. In the 
 vestry of my church hangs a copy of
 
 MOTHER-NAKED ( 422 ) MOUNTEBANK 
 
 verses, undated, but belonging to the 
 earlier half of the 17th century, enti- 
 tuled " Smith's mournfull peale of bells 
 on the late decease of his most vertuous 
 and piouslie disposed mother-in-law, 
 Mrs. Sarah Smith of Pear Tree." In- 
 stances will also be found in Richard- 
 son's Grandison, iv. 261, and in Miss 
 Austen's Sense and Sensibility, ch. i. 
 Cf. FATHER-IN-LAW. 
 
 MOTHER-NAKED, completely naked, as 
 when born of his mother. 
 
 Young Harry on the other hand had every 
 member as well as feature exposed to all 
 weathers ; would run about mother-naked for 
 near an hour in a frosty morning. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 3. 
 
 A square blanket, twelve feet in diagonal, 
 is provided ... in the centre a slit is effected 
 eighteen inches long ; through this the 
 mother-naked trooper introduces his head 
 and neck. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. 
 ch. vii. 
 
 MOTHER'S DAUGHTER. H. illustrates 
 "every mothers son' 1 = every man. 
 Gauden (Tears of the Church, p. 407) 
 has, " every mother's child." 
 Ladies ! thou, Paris, mov'st my laughter, 
 They're deities ev'ry mother's daughter. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 258. 
 
 MOTHERSOME, maternally anxious. 
 
 I hope excuse, miss, if I seem over mother- 
 some and foolish about him. Mrs. Trollope, 
 Michael Armstrong, ch. xv. 
 
 MOTIVELESS, without motive or 
 reason. 
 
 "What but the accident of birth or educa- 
 tion had made us to differ from those we 
 loathed or despised? And had not this 
 accident given us rather a motiveless con- 
 tempt and abhorrence for other?, than any 
 real advantage over them ? Godwin, Mande- 
 ville, ii. 75. 
 
 MOTIVELESSNESS, aimlessness, ab- 
 sence of motive. 
 
 That calm which Gwendolen had pro- 
 mised hecself to maintain had changed into 
 sick motivelessness. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 MOTLEY, a fool ; porhaps in the first 
 quotation it may rather mean, vaga- 
 bond. 
 
 Alas ! 'tis true I have gone here and there, 
 And made myself a motley to the view. 
 
 Shakespeare, Sonnet ex. 
 
 Jaques (to Touchstone). Will you be mar- 
 ried, motley ?As you like it, iii. 3. 
 
 MOTLEY, to variegate. 
 
 With thousand dies Hee motleys all the 
 meads. Sylvester, Eden, 89. 
 
 MOTTOCRAT, . motto-king ; one who 
 has mottoes at command. 
 
 You with your errabund guesses, veering 
 to all points of the literary compass, amused 
 the many-humoured, yet single-minded Pau- 
 tagruelist, the quotationipotent mottocrat. 
 Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter xiii. 
 
 MOULT, to change or get rid of ; pro- 
 perly applied to birds shedding their 
 feathers, but by way of jest to other 
 things. 
 
 Our hero gave him such a sudden fist in 
 the mouth as dashed in two of his teeth 
 that then happened to be moulting. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 104. 
 
 I do not aim yet at such preferment as 
 walking upstairs ; but having moulted my 
 stick, I flatter myself I shall come forth 
 again without being lame. Walpole, Letters, 
 iii. 349 (1770). 
 
 I every day intended to thank you for the 
 copy of Nell Gwyn's letter, till it was too 
 late ; the gout came, and made me moult 
 my quill. Ibid., iii. 506 (1775). 
 
 Our men of rank . . . are not the only 
 persons who go by different appellations in 
 different parts of their lives. We all moult 
 our names in the natural course of life. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 MOULT AND MOULT, a great number? 
 
 On the eve we went to the Franciscans' 
 Church to hear the academical exercises ; 
 there were moult and moult clergy. Wal- 
 pole, Letters, i. 39 (1739). 
 
 MOULTURE. See quotation and cf. 
 
 MOLITURE. 
 
 Out of one sack he would take two moul- 
 tures or fees for grinding. Urqukart' 1 $ Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 MOUNDLESS, without a mound. Syl- 
 vester {Second day, first week, 59) calls 
 Chaos " that great moundlesse Mound." 
 I suppose his meaning to be that Chaos 
 was a great heap of matter without 
 form or shape, and so while in one 
 sense a mound, yet unlike it as being 
 without any set arrangement. 
 
 MOUNTAIN DEW, whiskey. 
 His nose it is a coral to the view, 
 Well nourish 'd with Pierian potheen ; 
 For much he loves his native mountain dew : 
 But to depict this dye would lack, I ween, 
 A bottle-red in terms as well as bottle-green. 
 Hood, Irish Schoolmaster. 
 
 MOUNTEBANK, to play the fool. 
 Shakespeare (Coriol. iii. 2) has the 
 verb = to cheat.
 
 MOUNTEBANKISH ( 423 ) 
 
 MOW- YARD 
 
 This Jack, 
 This paltry mountebanking quack. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 221. 
 Doubtless she is most holy but for wisdom 
 Say if 'tis wise to spurn all rules, all censures, 
 And mountebank it in the public ways 
 Till she becomes a jest. 
 
 Kingsley, Saint's Tragedy, ii. 4. 
 
 Do not suppose I am going, sicut meus est 
 
 mos, to indulge in moralities about buffoons, 
 
 paiut,motley and mountebanking. Thackeray, 
 
 Roundabout Papers, VIII. 
 
 MOUNTEBANKISH, juggling. 
 
 I espy a fox near that hedge who was a 
 Saturnian merchant born in Rugilia. whom 
 for his cunningness in negotiating, and for 
 som Hocos-pocos and mountebankish tricks I 
 transformed to a fox. Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 87. 
 
 MOUNTED ANDREW, a merry andrew 
 or mountebank. 
 While mounted Andrews, bawdy, bold, and 
 
 loud, 
 Like cocks, alarum all the drowsy crowd. 
 
 Verses prefixed to Kennet's Erasm. 
 Pr. of Folly. 
 
 MOUNTENANCE, value. N. says, " a 
 word belonging to the age of Chaucer, 
 Gower, &c., but retained by Spenser." 
 It is also used by Jonson. 
 Man can not get the mount' nance of an egg- 
 shell 
 To stay his stomach. Tale of a Tub, iii. 5. 
 
 MOURN, sorrow. 
 
 Hold, take her at the hands of Eadagon, 
 A pretty peat to drive your mourn away. 
 
 Greene, Lookinrj-Glass for London, p. 124. 
 Happy in sleep ; waking, content to languish. 
 Embracing clouds by night ; in day time 
 
 mourn ; 
 All things I loathe. 
 
 Daniel, Sonnet, xix. (Eng. Garner, 
 i. 590). 
 
 MOURNERESS, female mourner. 
 
 The principal mourneress apparelled as an 
 esquieresse. Fosbrooke, Smith's Lives of the 
 Berkeleys, p. 211 (1596). 
 
 MOURNSOME, mournful. 
 
 Then there came a mellow noise, very low 
 and mournsome. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 MOUSE. A man or a mouse = some- 
 thing or nothing. 
 
 He was vtterly mynded to put all in 
 hasarde to make or marre, and to bee man or 
 mous. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 298. 
 
 The lawyer makes his clyent either a man 
 or a mouse. Breton, Fantasticks (Ten o'clock). 
 
 MOUSEKIN, little mouse. 
 
 " Frisk about, pretty little mousekin," says 
 
 grey Grimalkin, purring in the corner and 
 keeping watch with her green eyes. Thacke- 
 ray, The Virginians, ch. xxxviii. 
 
 MOUSLE, to pull about ; the word is 
 still in use in Sussex. In Wycherley's 
 Country Wife, II. i. we have "toused 
 and moused" 
 
 He ... so mousled me. Wycherley, Country 
 Wife,iv.3. 
 
 Ben's a brisk boy ; he has got her into a 
 corner ; Father's own son, 'faith he'll touzle 
 her and moude her. Conqreve, Love for Love, 
 Act III. 
 
 MOUTH-ORGAN, " a gew-gaw or Jew's 
 (jaw's) harp " (Holderness Glossary. 
 E. D. .). 
 
 The instrumental accompaniments rarely 
 extended beyond the shovels and a set of 
 Pan pipes better known to the many as a 
 mouth-organ. Sketches by Boz (First of May). 
 
 MOUTHY, full of talk. 
 
 Another said to a mouthy advocate, Why 
 barkest thou at me so sore? Puttenham, 
 Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xvii. 
 
 MOVEABLED, furnished. 
 
 They entered into that straw - thatched 
 cottage, scurvily built, naughtily moveabled, 
 and all besmoked. Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. 
 HI. ch. xvii. 
 
 MOVE-ALL, the name of a game, ap- 
 parently like My Lady's Toilet. 
 
 Come, Morrice, you that love Christmas 
 sports, what say you to the game of move-all ? 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 Mow, to make mouths or faces ; the 
 Diets, give no later example of this 
 verb than from the Tempest. 
 
 I heard at my back a noise like that of a 
 baboon when he mows and chatters. Smol- 
 lett, Rod. Random, ch. Iviii. 
 
 While Lenny was present to be mowed and 
 jeered at, there had been no pity for him . . . 
 Not that those who had mowed and jeered 
 repented them of their mockery. Lytton, 
 My Novel, Bk. III. ch. xxiv. 
 
 MOWERS. No morsel for mowyers = 
 not to be obtained by a poor man. 
 
 Lais, an harlot of Corinthe of excellent 
 beautie, but so dere and costly that she was 
 no morsell for mowyers. She was for none 
 but lordes and gentlemen that might well 
 paie for it. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 379. 
 
 MOW-YARD, place where the corn is 
 stacked. 
 We've been reaping all the day, and we never 
 
 will be beat, 
 
 Bet fetch it all to mow-yard, and then we'll 
 thank the Lord. 
 
 Exmoor Harvest Song (Lorna Doone, 
 ch. xxix.).
 
 MOWL 
 
 ( 424 ) 
 
 MOWL, same as mow, q. v. (?) or = 
 meivl (?). 
 
 Like mimes they mope and motel, and 
 utter false sounds for hire. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Bk. I. ch. iv. 
 
 MUCHNESS. Much of a muchness = 
 much the same. 
 
 " But you mustn't go to show me the very 
 wicked ones." " Why they are all pretty 
 much of a muchness for that." Reade, Never 
 too late to mend, ch. xviii. 
 
 " Some of our fellow countrymen," said 
 Halbert, " are, it seems to me, more detest- 
 ably ferocious than savages, when they once 
 get loose." " Much of a muchness, no better, 
 and perhaps no worsej" said Sam. H. Kings- 
 ley, Geoffry Hamlyn,c}i. xxviii. 
 
 Oh ! child, men's men ; gentle or simple, 
 they're much of a muchness. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. xxxi. 
 
 MUCKER, to fail, or make a mess of a 
 business ; also a substantive. In ex- 
 tract from C. Kingsley it = heavy fall. 
 
 He . . . earned great honour by leaping in 
 and out of the Loddon ; only four more do- 
 ing it, and one receiving a mucker. C. Kings- 
 ley, 1852 (Life, i. 275). 
 
 By -the -bye "Welter has muckered; you 
 know that by this time. H. Kincjsley, Ravens- 
 hoe, ch. xiv. 
 
 MUCKIBUS, tipsy. 
 
 At a great supper t' other night at Lord 
 Hertford's, if she [Lady Coventry] was not 
 the best humoured creature in the world I 
 should have made her angry ; she said in a 
 very vulgar accent, if she drank any more, 
 she should be muckibus. " Lord ! " said Lady 
 Mary Coke, "What is that?" "Oh! it is 
 Irish for sentimental." Walpole, Letters, i. 
 493 (1756). 
 
 MUOKINGTOGS, corruption of Macin- 
 tosh ; although referring to the togs 
 which people wear when mucking about 
 in rain and mud. See quotation from 
 Inyoldsby Legends s. v. CARPET-SWAB. 
 
 MUCKSY. See quotation. Mucky is 
 in the Diets., and Lye has muxy as a 
 Devonshire word. Cf. Mux. 
 
 Mary runs in, combs her hair, slips a pair 
 of stockings and her best gown over her dirt, 
 and awaits the coming guests, who make a 
 few long faces at the " mucksy sort of a 
 place," but prefer to spend the night there 
 than to bivouac close to the enemy's camp. 
 Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xiv. 
 
 When the ground appeared through the 
 crust of bubbled snow ... it was all so 
 soaked and sodden, and, as we call it, mucksy, 
 that to meddle with it in any way was to do 
 more harm than good. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. xlvi. 
 
 MUCKY, to dirty. 
 
 She even brought me a clean towel to 
 spread over my dress, " lest," as she said, " I 
 should mucky it." C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xxix. 
 
 MUDDIFY, to dirty. 
 
 Don't muddify your charming simplicity 
 with controversial distinctions that will sour 
 your sweet piety. Walpole, Letters, iv. 491 
 (1789). 
 
 MUDDLE-HEAD, a confused person. 
 
 Mankind are not wanting in intelligence ; 
 but, as a body, they have one intellectual 
 defect ; they are muddle-heads. Eeade, 
 Never too late to mend, ch. vi. 
 
 MUDLARK. L., who gives no ex- 
 ample, says, " Colloquial or slang for a 
 dirty boy who dabbles along the mud 
 of canals or rivers ; " and this, I think, 
 is its usual meaning, but see extract. 
 
 He . . became what is called a mud-lark ; 
 that is, a plunderer of the ship's cargoes that 
 unload in the Thames. Miss Edyeicorth, 
 Lame Jervas, ch. iii. 
 
 MUFFIN-CAP, flat cap worn by charity 
 school boys, &c. 
 
 His jealousy was roused by seeing the new 
 boy promoted to the black stick and hat- 
 band, while he, the old one, remained station- 
 ary in the muffin-cap and leathers. Dickens, 
 Oliver Turist, ch. vi. 
 
 Mr. Peters, though now a wealthy man, 
 had received a liberal education at a charity 
 school, and was apt to recur to the days 
 of his muffin-cap and leathers. Inyoldsby 
 Legends (Spectre of Tappinytori). 
 
 MUFFE MAFFE, a reproachful epithet, 
 though I cannot define its meaning 
 more exactly, as there is no expression 
 corresponding to it in the original. 
 Stanyhurst, however, makes ^Eneas 
 speak of the sleeping Polyphemus as 
 " the muffe mafe loller " (^En. III. 647). 
 Stanyhurst is fond of such jingles as 
 ruffe raffe, swish swash, &c. ; and muff 
 = a fool was in use in his time. See N. 
 Miff maff is given by H. as a North 
 country word for nonsense. 
 
 MUFFLE. " Among chymists is the 
 cover of a test or coppel which is put 
 over it in the fire " (Bailey's Diet.). 
 
 Both which (as a most noble knight Sir 
 K. D. hath it) may be illustrated in some 
 mesure by what we find passeth in the cop- 
 pilling of a fixed metall, which as long as 
 any lead or drosse or any allay remains with 
 it, continueth still melting, flowing, and in 
 motion under the muffle. Howell, Parly of 
 Btasts, p. 148.
 
 MUFFLED 
 
 ( 425 ) MUMBLEMENT 
 
 MUFFLED, blinded. 
 
 Muffled- pagans know there is a God, but 
 not what this God is. Adams, iii. 160. 
 
 MUFTI, an officer, &c. not wearing 
 his uniform is said to be in mufti. 
 Mufti being the high - priest among 
 Mahomedans, the term may have been 
 adopted by our troops in India to sig- 
 nify a peaceful garb. 
 
 He has no mufti-cook, except one sent him 
 ont by Messrs. Stultz to India in the year 
 1821. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. viii. 
 
 MUG, face or mouth (slang). 
 
 Egad, Tom, they used to call you the Knight 
 of the woful countenance, and Clive has just 
 inherited the paternal mug. Thackeray, 
 Newcomes, ch. Ivi. 
 
 I fought the best man of the lot, and 
 thrashed him so that his whole mug was like 
 a ball of beet-root. Eeade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. Ixxxii. 
 
 MUGGET, explained by :Wolcot in a 
 note, " part of the entrails of certain 
 cattle." H. gives the word in the plural 
 = chitterlings. 
 
 I'm a poor botching tailor for a court, 
 Low bred on liver, and what clowns call 
 
 muyyet. P. Pindar, p. 192. 
 
 MUGLE, confuse, muddle ? 
 
 You must no more look to force or mugle 
 men with the name of a Parliament. British 
 Bellman, 1648 (Harl. Misc., vii. 634). 
 
 MULE. One mule doth scrub another 
 
 =one fool flatters another. 
 
 I need not natter these, they'll do 't them- 
 selves, 
 
 And cross the proverb that was wont to say 
 
 One mule doth scrub another, here each ass 
 
 Has learn'd to clean himself. 
 
 Randolph, Muses' Looking Glass, iii. 4. 
 
 MULIEROSE, fond of women. L. gives 
 mulierosity, with quotation from Henry 
 More. 
 
 Well then, dame, mulierose that means 
 wrapped up body and soul in women ; so 
 prithee tell me, how did you ever detect the 
 noodle's mulierosity ? Eeade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 MULL, a thick kind of muslin. 
 
 It would be mortifying to the feelings of 
 many ladies could they be made to under- 
 stand how little the heart of man is affected 
 by what is costly or new in their attire ; how 
 little it is biassed by the texture of their 
 muslin, and how unsusceptible of peculiar 
 tendencies towards the spotted, the sprigged, 
 the mull on the jackonet. MissAusten,Nurth- 
 ani/er Abbey, ch. x. 
 
 MULLET, a common name for a cow 
 in Suffolk. 
 Leave milking and drie vp old mulley thy 
 
 cow, 
 The crooked and aged to fatting put now. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 135. 
 
 MULLIEGRUMS, bad temper, the blues. 
 Mulligrubs is more usual. 
 
 Peter's successour was so in his mullieyrums 
 that he had thought to have buffeted him. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 172). 
 
 MULSACK. The first extract is from 
 some nonsense verses by Bp. Corbet ; 
 whether there is any reference to the 
 "famous chimney-sweeper," I do not 
 know : but it is unlikely, unless there 
 had been two generations of chimney- 
 sweeps of this name. 
 The putrid skyes 
 Eat mulsacke pyes, 
 Backed up in logicke breeches. 
 
 Bp. Corbet, A Non Sequitur. 
 
 MachcRra, A man then as famous for a 
 Cryer as Mulsack is now for a Chimney- 
 sweeper. Stapylton, Juvenal, vii. 8, note. 
 
 MULTIFORMOUS, varied. 
 
 His multiformous places compell'd such a 
 swarm of suitors to hum about him. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, i. 204. 
 
 MULTIPLEX, manifold. 
 
 In favour of which unspeakable benefits of 
 the reality, what can we do but cheerfully 
 pardon the multiplex ineptitudes of the 
 semblance ? Carlyle, Misc., iv. 137. 
 
 Trade everywhere, in spite of multiplex 
 confusions, has increased, is increasing 
 Ibid., iv. 255. 
 
 MULTIRAMIFIED, divided into many 
 branches. 
 
 The Headlongs claim to be not less genuine 
 derivatives from the antique branch of Cad- 
 wallader, than any of the last named multi- 
 ramified families. Peacock, Headlong Hall, 
 ch. i. 
 
 MULTUPLE, manifold. 
 
 It introduced two reports instead of one, 
 and multuple attendances. North, Life of 
 Lord Guifford, ii. 78. 
 
 MUMBLE- si A TINS, a contemptuous 
 name for an ignorant priest, as was also 
 Sir John. See N. s. v. sir. 
 
 How can they be learned having none to 
 teach them but Sir John Mumble-matins 1 
 Pilkington, p. 26. 
 
 MUMBLEMENT, mumble ; an indistinct 
 sound. 
 
 Lasource answered with some vague pain- 
 ful mumllement. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. III. ch. viii.
 
 MUMCHANCE 
 
 ( 426 ) 
 
 MUSHY 
 
 The sound of them is not a voice con- 
 veying knowledge or memorial of any earthly 
 or heavenly thing ; it is a wide-spread inar- 
 ticulate slumberous mumllement, issuing as 
 if from the lake of eternal sleep. Ibid., 
 Cromwell, i. 2. 
 
 MUMCHANCE, originally a game at 
 which silence was imperative (see N.), 
 then for silence or a silent person. In 
 the extract Mumchance is personified, 
 and even a biographical incident men- 
 tioned concerning him. 
 
 Why, Miss, you are in a brown study ; 
 what's the matter ? methinks you look like 
 Mumchance that was haug'd for saying no- 
 nothing. Stcift, Polite Conversation (Conv.i.). 
 
 MUMMANIZE, to emhalm as a mummy. 
 Deere Vault, that veil'st him, mummanize 
 
 his corse, 
 Till it arise in Heauen to be crown'd. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Teares, p. 9. 
 
 MUMPS, dumps. 
 
 The Suune was so in his mumps uppon it 
 that it was almost noone before hee could 
 goe to cart that day. JTashe, Lenten Stujfe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 168). 
 
 MUMS, lips (slang). 
 
 Why, you jade, you look so rosy this 
 morning, I must have a smack at your 
 mums. Foote, Ttie Minor, Act I. 
 
 MUNERAL, official ? Adams is argu- 
 ing that though there is an indelible 
 character of priesthood in both bishop 
 and priest, the former has a superiority 
 in jurisdiction. I suppose the meaning 
 to be that a bishop is not merely pri- 
 mus inter pares, but that certain offices 
 pertain to him alone. 
 
 To be a bishop then is not a numeral but 
 a muneral function ; a priority in order, a 
 superiority in degree. Adams, ii. 266. 
 
 MURINE, belonging to mice. 
 
 The superabundance of the murine race 
 must have been owing to their immense 
 fecundity, and to the comparatively tardy 
 reproduction of the feline species. Poetry 
 of Anti jacobin (note), p. 131. 
 
 MURPHY, a potato, from the fondness 
 of the Irish for the vegetable. See 
 extract s. v. TUCK-SHOP. There seems, 
 however, to have been a special kind 
 of potato called " murphies." See 
 Peacock's Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary (E. D. S). 
 
 There I watch a puss 
 
 Playing with two kittens ; 
 Playing round the fire, 
 Which of blazing turf is, 
 
 Roaring to the pot 
 
 Which bubbles with the murphies. 
 
 Thackeray, Peg of Limavaddy. 
 
 MURRAIN, plaguy (used adjectivally). 
 
 It is a murrion crafty drab. Gammer 
 Gurton's Needle (Hawki7is' Eny. Dr., i. 198). 
 
 Thar's not within this land 
 A muriner cat than Gib is betwixt the Terns 
 
 and Tine, 
 Shafe as much wit in her head almost as 
 
 chave in mine. Ibid. (Ibid., i. 209). 
 
 My Lady was in such a murrain haste to 
 be here, that set out she would, thof I told 
 her it was Childermass Day. Gibber, Pro- 
 voked Husband, Act I. 
 
 MURRAINLY, excessively ; plaguily. 
 
 And ye 'ad bene there, cham sure you'ld 
 murrenly ha wondred. Gammer Gurton's 
 Needle (Hawkins' Eny. Dr., i. 202). 
 
 MUSCIPULAR, mousy ; connected with 
 or pertaining to mice. The word is 
 coined in imitation of Johnson's Latin- 
 isms. Parturient is used by H. More. 
 Muscipula is Latin for " mouse-trap." 
 
 Parturient mountains have ere now pro- 
 duced muscipular abortions. J. and H. 
 Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 92. 
 
 MUSE-MAN, poet. 
 
 Each driueling Lozel now 
 That hath but scene a Colledge, and knows 
 
 how 
 
 To put a number to John Seton's prose, 
 Starts vp a sudden Muse-man, and streight 
 
 throws 
 
 A packe of Epigrams into the light. 
 Whose vndigested mish-mash would affright 
 The very ghost of Martiall. 
 
 A. Holland (Davies, Scourge 
 of Folly, p. 80). 
 
 MUSHED, shattered ; depressed. 
 You're a young man, eh, for all you look 
 so mushed. G. Eliot, Silas Marner, ch. x. 
 
 MUSHROOMED, promoted from low 
 origin : the substantive = upstart, and 
 the adjectival use (e. g. "mushroom 
 nobility ") is common. The verb is 
 said in the extract to be a peculiar ex- 
 pression of Lovelace's, to whom it is 
 attributed. 
 
 None but the prosperous upstart, mush- 
 roomed into rank (another of his peculiars), 
 was arrogantly proud of it. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, i. 297. 
 
 MUSHY, in several dialects = soft ; 
 crumbling. Perhaps it means in the 
 extract, She is not foolishly or demon- 
 stratively soft, but, &c. 
 
 A child-bearing tender-hearted thing is 
 the woman of our people ; her children are
 
 MUSIC 
 
 (427 ) 
 
 MUTINISE 
 
 mostly stout, as I think you'll say 
 Addy's are, aiid she's not mushy, but her 
 heart is tender. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. xlvi. 
 
 Music, to play music. 
 
 A man must put a mean valuation upon 
 Christ to leave him for a touch upon an 
 instrument, and a faint idea of future tor- 
 ments to be fiddled and musick'd into hell. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 135. 
 
 MUSICLESS, unmusical ; inharmonious. 
 
 Their musicklesse instruments are frames of 
 brasse hung about with rings, which they 
 jingle in shops according to their march- 
 ings. Sandys, Travels, p. 172. 
 
 MUSK-COD, an abusive term, applied 
 to a scented courtier. 
 
 Hor. Deliver this letter to the young gal- 
 lant Druso, he that fell so strongly in love 
 with me yesternight. 
 
 Asin. It's a sweet musk-cod, a pure spic'd 
 gull. Dekker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, Eny. 
 Dr., iii. 130). 
 I've breath enough at all times, Lucifer's 
 
 musk-cod, 
 
 To give your perfumed worship three venues. 
 Massinyer, Old Laic, iii. 2. 
 
 MUSMILION, musk melon. 
 
 There is a musk milion ground trenched, 
 manured, and very well ordered for the 
 groweth of musmilions, which borders, herbes, 
 flowers, and musmilion ground, wee valew 
 to bee worth 3. Survey of Manor of Wim- 
 bledon, 1649 (Archaol. x. 432). 
 
 MUSON, seems to mean a horn. 
 
 If I suffer this, we shall have that damn'd 
 courtier pluck on his shoes with the parson's 
 musons. Fine i' faith ! none but the small 
 Levite's brow to plant your shoeing horn- 
 seed in. Killiyrew, Parson's Wedding, v. 4. 
 
 MUSROLL, nose-band of bridle. 
 
 Their bridles have not bits, but a kind of 
 musroll of two pieces of wood. Modern Ac- 
 count of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. Misc., vi. 137). 
 
 MUST, mouldiness; mustiness. 
 
 A smell as of unwholesome sheep, blend- 
 ing with the smell of must and dust, is refer- 
 able to the nightly (and often daily) con- 
 sumption of mutton fat in candles, and to 
 the fretting of parchment forms and skins 
 in greasy drawers. Dickens, Bleak House, 
 ch. xxxviii. 
 
 MUSTACHOES, applied to ears of corn ; 
 we speak of bearded grain. 
 Heer for our food millions of flowrie grains, 
 With long mustachoes, waue vpon the plains. 
 Sylvester, Third day, first weeke, 811. 
 
 MUSTARD-TOKEN, something very 
 minute. 
 
 A piece of silver! I never had but two 
 calves in my life, and those my mother left 
 me ; I will rather part from the fat of them 
 than from a mustard-token's worth of argent. 
 Massinyer, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2. 
 
 MUSTER, the technical term for a 
 company of peacocks. 
 
 Master Simon . . told me that according 
 to the most ancient and approved treatise 
 on hunting I must say a muster of peacocks. 
 Irving, Sketch Book (Christmas Day). 
 
 MUSTY, to grow musty. In the first 
 extract a gambler tells a friend he shall 
 not allow a hundred pounds which he 
 has received to grow musty, i. e. hoard- 
 ed, instead of being staked. 
 
 Wil. But hark thee, hark thee, Will, did'st 
 win it ? 
 
 Ha. No, but I may lose it ere I go to bed ; 
 
 Dost think 't shall musty? what's a hundred 
 
 pound ? Shirley, The Gamester, Act II. 
 
 You . . keep your reputation mustying 
 upon an old foundation, which is ready to 
 sink for want of being repair'd by some 
 notable atchievements. T. Brown, Works, ii 
 180. 
 
 MUSTY, moping. Cf. FUSTY. 
 
 On her birthday 
 We were forced to be merry, and, now she's 
 
 musty, 
 
 We must be sad on pain of her displeasure. 
 Massinger, Duke of Milan, ii. 1. 
 Apollo, what's the matter, pray, 
 You look so mustily to-day ? 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 225. 
 
 MUTABILATE, to change. 
 Fye, Doctor, fye ! you know it is a folly 
 Thus to submit and yield to melancholy ; 
 For 'twill mutabilate poor nature s light, 
 And turn its day into a gloomy night. 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 243. 
 
 MUTATION, post-house. 
 
 Neere or upon these Causeys were seated 
 .... mutations ; for so they called in that 
 age the places where strangers, as they 
 journied, did change their post horses, 
 draught-beasts, or wagons. Holland's Cam- 
 den, p. 65. 
 
 MUTILE, to mutilate. 
 Hee sees high Arches, huge shining heaps of 
 
 stone 
 Maim'd, mutil'd, murder'd by years wasteful 
 
 teen. Sylvester, Spectacles, st. 32. 
 
 MUTINER, a mutineer. 
 
 Murmurers are like to mutiners, where one 
 cursed villaine may be the ruine of a whole 
 camp. Breton, A Murmur er, p. 8. 
 
 MUTINISE, to mutiny. 
 
 Or if they must be thoughts, and a multi-
 
 MUTISM 
 
 ( 428 ) 
 
 NAB 
 
 tude, yet . . . that they had not presumed 
 unto so bold approaches as to mutinise apud 
 me, within my heart. Adams, iii. 281. 
 
 MUTISM, silence. 
 
 Paulina was awed by the savants, but not 
 quite to mutism; she conversed modestly, 
 diffidently. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxvii. 
 
 MUTTERATION, subdued grumbling : 
 a word coined by Miss Grandison. 
 
 So the night passed off with prayings, 
 hopings, and a little mutteration. (Allow me 
 that word, or find me a better.) Richardson, 
 Gi'andison, iv. 282. 
 
 MUTTEROUS, muttering; buzzing. 
 Lyke bees in summer season, through rus- 
 
 ticall hamlets, 
 That flirt in soonbeams, and toyle with 
 
 mutterus humbling. 
 
 Utanyhurst, *32n., i. 414. 
 
 MUTTON, " a French gold coin, so 
 called from its being impressed with 
 the image of a lamb " (Note by Scott 
 in loc.). 
 
 He will pay you gallantly ; a French 
 mutton for every hide I have spoiled, and a 
 fat cow or bullock for each day I have been 
 absent. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, i. 112. 
 
 MUTUALITY, exchange of good offices. 
 
 His kindnesses seldome exceed courtesies. 
 Hee loues not deeper mutualities, because 
 he would not take sides, nor hazard himselfe 
 on displeasures, which he principally avoids. 
 Earle, Microcosmoyraphie (Plausible Man). 
 
 MCTTUATION, exchange. 
 
 O blessed mutation, blessed mutilation! 
 What we had ill, (and what had we but ill ?) 
 we changed it away for His good. Adams, 
 i. 396. 
 
 Mux, to make a mess of. Cf . MUCKSY. 
 
 My mother and Nicholas Snowe . . had 
 thoroughly muxed up everything, being too 
 quick-headed. Blackmore, Lorna DOOM, ch. 
 Ixii. 
 
 MUZZING, stupidly loitering (?). The 
 speaker in the extract is the Hon. Mrs. 
 
 Cholmondeley, sister of Peg Woffirig- 
 ton. 
 
 If you hut knew, cried I, to whom I am 
 going to-night, and who I shall see to-night, 
 you would not dare keep me muzzing here. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 158. 
 
 MUZZY, muddled with drink ; also, 
 stupid, confused. 
 
 Lord Frederick Foretop and I were care- 
 lessly sliding the Rauelagh round, picking 
 our teeth, after a damned muzzy dinner at 
 Boodle's. Foote, Lame Lover, Act I. 
 
 Mr. L. a sensible man of eighty-two, strong, 
 healthy, and conversable as he could have 
 been at thirty-two ; his wife a dull muzzy old 
 creature ; his sister a ditto. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, i. 305 (1780). 
 
 A few of the more indefatigable were con- 
 tinuing their labours, receiving reports from 
 scouts, giving orders, laying wagers, and very 
 muzzy with British principles and spirits. 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. XII. ch. xxxi. 
 
 MYALL-BOUGH. 
 
 " There's some folks don't believe in 
 witches and the like," he continued, " but a 
 man that's seen a naked old hag of a gin ride 
 away on a myall-bough, knows better." //. 
 Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. v. 
 
 MYONER, miner. 
 
 The myoners . . . fully wrought the mine 
 through the castle wall. Sir T. Fairfax to 
 Lenthall, Aug. 15, 1645. 
 
 MYRRHY, redolent of myrrh, per- 
 fumed. 
 As pours some pigeon from the myrrhy 
 
 lands, 
 Bapt by the whirlblast to fierce Scythian 
 
 strands 
 "Where breed the swallows. 
 
 Browning, Waring. 
 
 MYTHOLOGIST, a writer of fables ; 
 usually one who investigates or ex- 
 plains myths. L'Estrange put forth an 
 edition in English of the " Fables of 
 .^Esop, and other eminent Mythologists ; 
 3rd edit., 1669." 
 
 N 
 
 NAB. H. says, " a cant term for the 
 head," but in the extracts it means a 
 hat. 
 
 Kite. Off with your hats ! 'Ounds, off with 
 your hats: this is the Captain, the Captain. 
 
 1st Mob. We have seen Captains afore now, 
 
 2nd Mob. Ay, and Lieutenant-Captains too: 
 s'flesh, I'll keep on my nab. 
 
 1st Mob. And I'se scarcely d'off mine for 
 any Captain in England. 
 
 Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, Act II. 
 
 There were particularly two parties, viz., 
 those who wore hats fiercely cocked, and
 
 NAB 
 
 ( 429 ) 
 
 NAPPED 
 
 those who preferr'd the nab, or trencher hat 
 with the brim flapping over their eyes. 
 Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 NAB, a rising ground. 
 
 "Will you just turn this nab of heath, and 
 walk into my house ? E. Bronte, Wuiheritiy 
 Heights, ch. xxi. 
 
 NABALITICK, churlish, like Nabal 
 (1 Sam. xxv. 3). 
 
 It is then a sin arguing a Nabalitick and 
 vile heart to meditate nothing but vile and 
 illiberal things for God. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 353. 
 
 NABOBBERY, the nabob class. 
 
 " How particularly great he is to-night ; 
 he reminds me of a nabob." " Nabobbery it- 
 self," said Hyacinth. Savage, E. Medlicott, 
 Bk. II. ch. x. 
 
 NABOBESS, female nabob ; wife of a 
 rich man, especially of one who had 
 made his fortune in India. 
 
 There are few nabobs and nabobesses in this 
 country. Walpole, Letters^ iii. 375 (1771). 
 
 I must alter the disposition of my acres 
 once more ; I will have no nabobs nor na- 
 bobesses in my family. Buryoyne, Maid of 
 the Oaks, Act IV. 
 
 Mrs. Major Waddell played the Nabob's 
 lady as though she had been born a Nabobess. 
 Miss Ferrier, Inlieritance, Vol. II. ch. xiv. 
 
 NADS, adze. So nawl or nail for awl. 
 An ax and a nads to make troffe for thy 
 hogs. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 36. 
 
 NAG, to keep on with complaints or 
 reproaches. 
 
 Forgive me. for nagging ; I am but a wo- 
 man. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. xcvii. 
 
 NAIL. To hit the nail on the head 
 = to speak to the point ; to touch the 
 matter exactly. The proverb is illus- 
 trated in N., but the following are 
 earlier by more than 70 years than the 
 earliest example there. 
 Thou hyttest the nayle vpon the heed, 
 For that is the thinge that they dreed, 
 
 Least Scripture shuld come viito light. 
 
 Dyaloge betweene a Gentillman and 
 Husbandman, p. 142. 
 
 Did she not (think you) hit the nail on the 
 head in thus taunting this bishop? Bale, 
 Select Works, p. 202. 
 
 NAIVETY, piquant simplicity. The 
 French naivete is naturalized among us, 
 but this English form is peculiar. 
 
 His apologies and the like, when in a fit of 
 repentance he felt commanded to apologise, 
 were full of naivety, and very pretty and 
 ingenious. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Ft. II. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 NAMBY-PAMBY, to talk mincingly ; to 
 flatter : the word is usually an adjec- 
 tive. 
 
 A lady of quality . . . sends me Irish cheese 
 and Iceland moss for my breakfast, and her 
 waiting gentlewoman to namby-pamby me. 
 Miss Edgeworth, Absentee, ch. xvi. 
 
 NAME-FATHER, inventor of names. 
 
 I have changed his name by virtue of my 
 own single authority. Knowest thou not 
 that I am a great name-father ? Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, iv. 45. 
 
 NAME-SON, godson, or perhaps only 
 namesake. 
 
 God for ever bless your honour ! I am 
 your name-son sure enough. Smollett, Sir L. 
 Greaves, ch. xii. 
 
 The Major was . . . highly flattered by the 
 interest expressed for his little name-son. 
 Miss Ferrier, Inheritance, Vol. I. ch. xxvi. 
 
 NAN-BOYS, effeminate men (?). 
 The gittarn and the lute, the pipe and the 
 
 flute, 
 
 Are the new alamode for the nan-boys ; 
 "With pistol and dagger the women out- 
 swagger 
 
 The blades with the muff and fan, boys. 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 12. 
 
 NANNICOCK, a silly, affected person. 
 See H. s. v. nanny hen. 
 Hee that doth wonder at a weathercocke, 
 And plaies with euery feather in the wiude, 
 And is in love with euery nannicocke. 
 
 Breton. PasquiFs Fooles-cappe, p. 23. 
 
 NAP. Grose says, " to cheat at dice 
 by securing one chance." The term 
 referred to by Defoe was in use at 
 Halifax, and is applied to stealing. 
 
 Assisting the frail square die with high 
 and low f ullums, and other napping tricks. 
 T. Brown, Works, iii. 60. 
 
 Hand Napping, that is, when the criminal 
 was taken in the very act [of stealing cloth]. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, iii. 143. 
 
 N A PELL, Lathy rus macrorrhizus, 
 called in Scotland gnapperts or Icnap- 
 perts, and in Ireland napperty. 
 Hot napell making lips and tongue to swell. 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 179. 
 
 NAPKIN, to wrap in a napkin. 
 
 Let every man beware of napkining up the 
 talent which was delivered him to trade 
 withal. Sanderson, iii. 97. 
 
 NAPPED, having a soft or woolly nap. 
 
 He had come on foot without attendants, 
 was dressed in a plain napped coat, and had 
 the mien and appearance of an honest coun- 
 try grazier. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 
 282.
 
 NAPPY 
 
 ( 430 ) NAUGHT OF, TO BE 
 
 NAPPY, soft. The Diets, only give 
 the word as applied to ale = strong. 
 
 The lint or nappie downe which linnen 
 cloth beareth in manner of a soft cotton . . 
 is of great vse in Physicke. Holland, Pliny, 
 xix. i. 
 
 NARCOTISM, condition produced by 
 narcotics ; coma. 
 
 From what I see of the case . . narcotism is 
 the only thing I should be much afraid of. 
 G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. Ixx. 
 
 NARRATE, to relate. This verb is not 
 in R., and L. only cites for it Buckle's 
 Hist^ o/ Civilization. In the extract it 
 is italicized as a Scotticism. 
 
 Thou tellest me that when I have least to 
 narrate, to speak in the Scottish phrase, I am 
 most diverting. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 
 223. 
 
 NARROW, ne'er a. Cf. ARROW. 
 
 I warrants me there is narrow a one of 
 all those officer fellows but looks upon him- 
 self to be as good as arrow a squire of 5001. 
 a year. Tom Jones, Bk. VIII. ch. ii. 
 
 As for master and the young squire, they 
 have as yet had narro glimpse of the true 
 light. Humphrey Clinker, i. 181. 
 
 NARROW-BREATHED, short of breath. 
 
 He that is asthmatical, narrow-breathed in 
 his faith, cannot but be lumpish and melan- 
 choly. Adams, iii. 96. 
 
 NASOLOGY, the science of noses. 
 
 Mr. Dickens is as deep in nasoloyy as the 
 learned Slawkenbergins ; his people are per- 
 petually wagging their noses, or flattening 
 them against windows, or rubbing them, or 
 evincing some restlessness or other in con- 
 nection with them. Phillips, Essays from 
 the Times, ii. 336. 
 
 NATION, a body or company": we use 
 tribe in the same way. The word is 
 sometimes used as an adverb = very, 
 but in that case it is an abbreviation of 
 tarnation or damnation. 
 
 A public defamer of the whole nation of 
 dissenters. North, Examen, p. 416. 
 
 Nothing was difficult but his attendance 
 upon and dealing with the court ; . . . that 
 captious nation. Ibid., Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 172. 
 
 The whole nation of the law were at that 
 time apprised of all the arguments pro and 
 con. Ibid., ii. 257. 
 
 The French had such a nation of hedges, 
 and copses, and ditches. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, iv. 85. 
 
 What a nation of herbs he had procured. 
 Ibid., v. 117. 
 
 NATITIAL, nativity. 
 
 Scarce fourteen times had hee beheld the 
 
 birth 
 Of th' happy Planet (which presag'd his 
 
 Worth) 
 Predominant in his Natitiall. 
 
 Sylvester, Henrie the Great, 39. 
 
 NATIVE, an English oyster. 
 What different lots our stars accord ! 
 This babe to be hail'd and woo'd as a lord, 
 
 And that to be shunu'd like a leper ! 
 One to the world's wine, honey, and corn, 
 Another, like Colchester native, born 
 To its vinegar only and pepper. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansega. 
 His eyes rested on a newly-opened oyster- 
 shop on a magnificent scale, with natives 
 laid one deep in circular marble basins in 
 the windows. Sketches by Boz (Mr. John 
 Dounce). 
 
 NATTER, to nag ; to find fault. 
 
 " Ha' a drop o' warm broth ? " said lasbeth, 
 whose motherly feeling now got the better 
 of her nattering habit. G. Eliot, Adam Bede, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 NATTERED, querulous ; impatient. 
 
 As she said of herself, she believed she 
 grew more " nattered " as she grew older ; 
 but that she was conscious of her " nattered- 
 ness " was a new thing. Mrs. Gaskell, Ruth, 
 ch. xxix. 
 
 NATURALNESS, absence of affectation. 
 Thackeray did not coin this word, or at 
 least was not the first to use it ; it occurs 
 in South, Dryden, and Addison. See L. 
 
 Gentility is the death and destruction of 
 social happiness amongst the middle classes 
 in England. It destroys naturalness (if I 
 may coin such a word) and kindly sympa- 
 thies. Thackeray, Misc., ii. 293. 
 
 He seems to have risen above himself, by 
 a sudden inspiration, into that true natural- 
 ness which is the highest expression of the 
 spiritual. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. vi. 
 
 NATURAL WRITER, a naturalist. 
 A lapwing, which bird our natural icriters 
 name Vannellus. Sir T. Brown, Tract iv. 
 
 NATURIZE. To naturize all = to refer 
 everything to Nature. 
 
 Who is a Nature supernaturall ? 
 
 So say Diuines, so sayes Phylosopby : 
 Which call God Nature, naturizing all 
 That was, or is, or shal in Nature be. 
 
 Davies, Summa Totalis, p. 6. 
 
 NAUGHT OF, TO BE, to be regard- 
 less of. 
 
 For this their nurcelings sake, both man 
 and wife abstaine from carnall company 
 together ; . . . . and to have the suckling of 
 the little child they count a sufficient re- 
 ward for beincj nauyht of their bodies. Hol- 
 land's Camden, ii. 143.
 
 NAUSEATION ( 4 
 
 NAUSEATION, disgust. 
 
 It caused not onely a nauseation in the 
 people of England of Danish kings, but also 
 an appetite, yea a longing, after their true 
 and due Sovereign. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. 
 vi. 10. 
 
 NAUSITY, aversion ; nausea. 
 
 It has in truth given me a kind of nausity 
 to meaner conversations. Cotton's Montaigne, 
 ch. Ixxvi. 
 
 NAVEL. The man without a navel = 
 Adam ; for, says the Annotator, " the 
 navel being only of use to attract the 
 aliment in utero materno, and Adam 
 having no mother, he had no use of a 
 navel, and therefore it is not to be con- 
 ceived he had any." 
 
 'Tis I that do infect myself ; the man with- 
 out a nivel yet lives in me. Sir T. Broken, 
 Eeliyio Medici, Pt. II. sect. x. 
 
 NAVEL-STEAD, place of the navel. 
 
 Full in the navel-stead 
 He ripp'd his belly up. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xxi. 173. 
 
 NAVICULAR, belonging to a ship. The 
 " navicular spokesman " in the extract 
 is a Thames waterman. 
 
 " Rare game, master ! " cries our navicular 
 spokesman. Tom Brown, Works, iii. 138. 
 
 NAVIGATOR, a labourer employed in 
 cutting or digging trenches, sluices, 
 &c. : usually abbreviated to NAVVY, q. v. 
 
 There's enough of me, sir, to make a good 
 navigator, if all trades fail. C'. Kinysley, 
 Yeast, ch. xi. 
 
 I dare say you could drop down into a 
 navigator, or a shoeblack, or something in 
 that way to-morrow, and think it pleasant. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xli. 
 
 NAVVY, a labourer engaged in dig- 
 ging or cutting trenches, sluices, &c. : 
 an abbreviation of NAVIGATOR, q. v. 
 
 That Tim Goddard stole all my clothes, 
 and no good may they do him ; last time as 
 I went to gaol I gave them him to kep, and 
 he went off for a navvy meantimes. C. 
 Kinysley, Yeast, ch. viii. 
 
 NAY-LESS, persistent ; one who will 
 not take No for an answer. 
 
 Like a nay-lesse Wooer, 
 Holding his cloak, shee puls him hard unto 
 
 her. Sylvester, Maiden's Blush, 991. 
 
 NAZARDLY, mean ; foolish. 
 
 What ! such a nazardly Pigwiggen, 
 A little Hang-strings in a Biggin. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, 
 p. 201. 
 
 ) 
 
 NECK 
 
 NEAR, miserly. The expression in 
 Bp. Andrewes is similar. 
 
 This is that which makes the devil so good 
 a husband and thrifty, and to go near hand ; 
 what need he give more when so little will 
 serve ? Andrewes, v. 546. 
 
 Then came up Solmes's great estate ; his 
 good management of it. " A little too near 
 indeed," was the word (Oh how money-lovers, 
 thought I, will palliate ! Yet my mother is a 
 princess in spirit to this Solmes). Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, i. 194. 
 
 " This is not my doctrine," cried Hobson ; 
 " I am not a near man neither ; but as to 
 giving at that rate, it's quite out of charac- 
 ter." Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. IX. ch. i. 
 
 Mr. Barkis, being now a little nearer than 
 he used to be, always resorted to this same 
 device before producing a single coin from 
 his store. Dickens, David Copperfield, ch. 
 xxi. 
 
 NEATHERDESS, woman who looks after 
 cattle. The Diets, give neatress. 
 But hark how I can now expresse 
 My love unto my ntatherdesse. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 261. 
 
 What doth cause this pensiveness, 
 Thou most lovely neatheardesse ? 
 
 IUd., p. 327. 
 
 NECK, to decapitate or strangle. Syl- 
 vester and Breton use neck and give the 
 neck in relation to the pieces at chess, 
 in which case " neck " seems to mean 
 " take." See next entry but one. 
 
 This leaps, that limps, this checks, that necks, 
 
 that mates, 
 Their Names are diverse, but their Wood 
 
 is one. 
 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st. viii. 
 The plot had a fatal necking stroke at that 
 execution. North, Examen, p. 220. 
 Throw in a hint that if he should neglect 
 One hour, the next shall see him in my grasp, 
 And the next after that shall see him neck'd. 
 Keats, Cap and Bells, st. 22. 
 
 NECK. To break the neck = to strike 
 at the root of. A man who has got 
 through the hardest part of a task is 
 said to have broken the neck of it. 
 
 The last instance of his lordship's care of 
 the suitors was to quicken the dispatch at 
 the register's office and (if possible) to break 
 the neck of those wicked delays used there. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 80. 
 
 His Knighthood, dating from the very year 
 of Cromwell's invasion (1649), indicates a 
 man expected to do his best on the occasion ; 
 as in all probability he did, had not Treclah 
 Storm proved ruinous, and the neck of this 
 Irish war been broken at once. Carlyle, Life 
 of Sterling, ch. ii.
 
 NECK 
 
 ( 432 ) 
 
 NEEDLE 
 
 NECK. To give the neck = to give 
 the necking-stroke, to finish off ? 
 The king himself is haughtie Care, 
 "Which ouerlooketh all his men, 
 And when he seeth how they fare, 
 
 He steps among them now and then, 
 "Whom when his foe presumes to checke, 
 His seruants stand to (five the necke. 
 
 Breton, Daffodils and Primroses, p. 5. 
 And when you plaie beware of checke, 
 Know how to saue and give a necke. 
 
 Hid. 
 
 NECK AND CROP, head over heels, or 
 completely. See extract s. v. SQUAD. 
 
 NECK AND HEELS, violently ; in an 
 irregular manner. 
 
 The liberty of the subject is brought in 
 neck and heels as they say, that the Earl 
 might be popular. North, Examen, p. 72. 
 
 Sir John. Can nobody tell me how he was 
 seized '/ 
 
 Contrast. Seized ! why by that ruffian, neck 
 and heels. 
 
 Burgoyne, Lord of the Manor, iii. 4. 
 
 NECKHANDKERCHIEF, a cravat. Ker- 
 chief is a covering for the head ; so 
 neckhandkerchief is a very peculiar 
 word. 
 
 Open the top drawer of the wardrobe, and 
 take out a clean shirt and neckhandkerchief. 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xx. 
 
 NECKLACE, a band for the neck ; 
 usually of gold or silver or precious 
 stones ; not so in the extract. 
 
 A plain muslin tucker I put on. and my 
 black silk necklace instead of the French 
 necklace my lady gave me. Richardson, 
 Pamela, i. 64. 
 
 NECK OR NOTHING, ready to run all 
 hazards. 
 
 The world is stock'd with neck or nothing ; 
 with men that will make over by retail an 
 estate of a thousand pound per annum to a 
 lawyer in expectation of being pleaded into 
 another of two hundred. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 526. 
 
 NECK-QUESTION, question affecting the 
 life. 
 
 The Sacrament of the Altar was the main 
 touchstone to discover the poor Protestants. 
 . . . This neck-question, as I may terme it, 
 the most duft and duncicall Commissioner 
 was able to aske. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VIII. 
 ii. 26. 
 
 NECROLATRY, worship of the dead. 
 
 Egypt the native land of necrolatry. 
 Eirald, Hist, of Israel (Eny. trans.), iii. 50. 
 
 NECROMANCING, exercising necrom- 
 ancy. 
 
 The dead soldier in Lucan whom the 
 mighty necromanciny witch tortures back into 
 a momentary life. De Quincey, Autobioy. 
 Sketches, i. 173. 
 
 NECTARELL, sweet as nectar. Crashaw 
 has nectareal ; nectareous is also in use. 
 Put on your silks ; and piece by piece 
 Give them the scent of araber-greece ; 
 And for your breaths too, let them smell 
 Ambrosia-like or nectarell. 
 
 He-Trick, Hesperides, p. 17. 
 
 NEDDY, a donkey. L., who gives no 
 example, thinks it a corruption of an 
 heady (animal) ; but more than one 
 Christian name is bestowed on this 
 animal ; e. g. Cuddy, Dicky, Jack. 
 See extract s. v. DONKEY. 
 
 Her donkeys wandering at their own sweet 
 will answered the bay of the bloodhound 
 with a burst of harmony. " They 'in laugh- 
 ing at us, Keper, they neddies ; we 'm lost 
 our labour here." Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 NEED-BE, necessity. 
 
 Princess de Lamballe has lain down on 
 bed ; " Madame, you are to be removed to 
 the Abbaye." " I do not wish to remove ; I 
 am well enough here." There is a need-lie 
 for removing. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. I. ch. iv. 
 
 NEEDFIRE, fire produced by rubbing 
 two pieces of wood together. See 
 Wedgwood s. v. In the extract it = 
 beacon. 
 
 The ready page with hurried hand 
 Awaked the needfire j s slumbering brand, 
 
 And ruddy blushed the heaven. 
 
 Scott, Lay of iMst Minstrel, c. iii. 
 
 NEEDFUL, used substantially for that 
 which is necessary or essential ; " the 
 needful " is a common expression for 
 money. 
 
 Mrs. Air. You have the needful? 
 
 Mr. Air. All but five hundred pounds 
 which you may have iii the evening. 
 
 Foote, The Cozeners, Act III. 
 
 " He does not say how much his share will 
 come to, do he, Edward ? " " No, ma'am, 
 you see he writes in a great hurry, and he 
 has only time, as he says, to mention the 
 needful." " And is not the money the need- 
 fid?" said Sir John Hunter. Jfiss Edye- 
 icorth, Manoeuvring, ch. viii. 
 
 For particulars Isabella could afford to 
 wait ; the needful was comprised in Morlaud's 
 promise. Miss Austen, ICorthanger Abbey, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 NEEDLE. See extract for a jocose 
 derivation. 
 
 This industrious Instrument, A'eedle, quasi 
 Ne idle, as some will have it, maintaineth
 
 NEEDLING 
 
 ( 433 ) 
 
 NEGROFY 
 
 many millions. Fuller, Worthies, London, 
 ii. 50. 
 
 NEEDLING, one in want. 
 S'ire a good turn shall never guerdon want, 
 A gift to needlinys is not given but lent. 
 
 Sylvester, The Schisme, 467. 
 
 NEEDLY, prickly, bristling. 
 
 As I looked down on his stiff bright head- 
 piece, small quick eyes, and black needly 
 beard, he seemed to despise me (too much as 
 I thought) for a mere ignoramus and country 
 bumpkin. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. xxiii. 
 
 NEEDDOM, the domain of want or 
 need. 
 
 Idleness is the coach to bring a man to 
 Needdom. prodigality the post - horse. 
 Adams, i. 496. 
 
 NEEDMENTS, necessaries. R. and L. 
 give the word, each with a single, 
 though different, quotation from the 
 F. Queene, to which may be added one 
 from Colin Clout's come home againe, 
 line 193 ; it is not however confined to 
 Spenser. 
 
 The scrip with needments for the mountain 
 air. Keats, Endymion, Bk. I. 
 
 NEEDNOT, a superfluity : still in use, 
 says Abp. Trench, among Quakers. 
 
 "Whosoever shaH'observe the abundance of 
 gold and silver in Solomon's time in the city of 
 Jerusalem, will conclude this country not to 
 be the cistern, but fountain, of those metals. 
 As if Divine Providence had so divided it, 
 that other lands should be at the care and 
 cost to bear, dig out. and refine, and Judaea 
 have the honour and credit to use, expend, 
 yea neglect such glittering need - nots to 
 humane happinesse. Fuller, Pisgah Sight, 
 Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 NEEDSLY, of necessity. The Diets, 
 have needly. 
 Upon a vow who spouseth me must needsly 
 
 take in hand 
 The flying serpent for to slay which in the 
 
 forest is. Peele, Sir Clyomon, I. i. 
 
 NEEDY-HOOD, state of want. 
 Floure of fuz-balls, that's too good 
 For a man in needy-hood ; 
 But the meal of mill-dust can 
 Well content a craving man. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 239. 
 
 NE' ER-BE-GOOD, a worthless fellow ; a 
 ne'er-do-well, which is the commoner 
 word. 
 
 Why, 'tis that ne'er-I>e-r/ood, thy Son, 
 Has made me do what I have done. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 214. 
 
 NE' EB-DO-WELL, wild ; also, as a sub- 
 
 stantive, a worthless person. See quot- 
 ation S. V. LlE-A-BED. 
 
 The one, Ebsworthy, was a plain, honest, 
 happy-go-lucky sailor, and as good a hand as 
 there was in the crew ; and the other was 
 that same ne'er-do-weel Will Parracombe, his 
 old school-fellow who had been tempted by 
 the gipsy-Jesuit. Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 NEEVIE-NEEVIE-NICK-NACK, a street- 
 boy's gambling game : one holds up 
 marbles or the like in his clenched fist, 
 while another guesses at the number. 
 '* Nivinivinack " is mentioned among 
 the games played at by Gargantua 
 (Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxii.). 
 In the original it is a la nique noque. 
 
 " He gave me half-a-crown yince, and for- 
 bade me to play it awa at pitch and toss." 
 " And you disobeyed him, of course ? " " Na, 
 I didna disobeyed him ; I played it awa at 
 neevie-neevie-nick-nack." Scott, St. lionan's 
 Well, ii. 197. 
 
 NEFAST, wicked. 
 
 " They don't please you ; no accounting 
 for tastes." " I beg your pardon ; I account 
 for yours, if you really take for truth and 
 life monsters so nefast and flagitious." 
 Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. X. ch. i. 
 
 NEG, nag. 
 
 They [Northumbrians] were a comical sort 
 of people, riding upon neys, as they call their 
 small horses. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 272. 
 
 NEGANT, one who denies. The ex- 
 tract is quoted by Strype from W. 
 Kingsmill's Defence of Priests Mar- 
 riage, p. 352. 
 
 The affirmants of this proposition were 
 almost treble so many as were the negants. 
 Strype, Cranmer, Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 NEGATORY, denying. 
 
 As yet no gilt autograph invites him, per- 
 mits him ; the few gilt autographs are all 
 negatory, procrastinating. Carlyle, Diamond 
 Necklace, ch. xi. 
 
 On Friday the 15th of July, 1791, the 
 National Assembly decides, in what negatory 
 manner we know. Ibid., Fr. Rev., Pt. II. 
 Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 NEGOTIATRIX, female manager or 
 negotiator. 
 
 Our fair negotiatrix prepared to show the 
 usual degree of gratitude towards those who 
 had been the principal instruments of her 
 success. Jfisi Edgeworth, Manoeuvring, ch. 
 xv. 
 
 NEGROFY, to turn into a negro, 
 p F
 
 NEMO SCIT 
 
 ( 434 ) NEVER THE NEAR 
 
 And if no kindly cloud will parasol me, 
 My very cellular membrane will be changed, 
 I shall be neyrojied. 
 
 Southey, Nondescripts, iii. 
 
 NEMO SCIT, an unknown quantity. In 
 the first quotation a large amount is 
 meant ; in the second, where Gauden is 
 speaking of the inward illuminations, 
 &c. which some put forward as evi- 
 dences of their acceptance with God, 
 the reverse is implied. 
 
 Licences to marry within degrees forbid- 
 den ; for Priests' base Sounes to succeed their 
 fathers in a benefice, and a hundred other 
 particulars, brought yearly a Nemo scit into 
 the Papal treasury. Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. 
 iii. 41. 
 
 These are (a nemo scit) as easily denied as 
 they are rashly affirmed, being indiscover- 
 able and incommunicable to any but God's 
 and a man's own spirit. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 214. 
 
 NEOTERISM, novelty ; innovation : 
 used by Dr. Hall in reference to new 
 words, as a term not exciting prejudice, 
 like neologism or innovation. See 
 quotation s. v. HERETICATE. 
 
 Neolerisms we must have, however, to the 
 end of time, and such are human imitative- 
 ness and ignorance the bad are likely to be 
 patronized by the thoughtless quite as readily 
 as the good. Hall, Modern English, p. 19. 
 
 NEPOTIOUS, addicted to nepotism ; 
 over-fond of nephews. 
 
 It may be questioned whether fond uncles 
 are not as numerous as unkind ones, notwith- 
 standing our recollections of King Eichard 
 and the Children in the "Wood. We may 
 use the epithet nepotious for those who carry 
 this fondness to the extent of doting, and, as 
 expressing that degree of fondness, it may be 
 applied to "William Dove ; he was a nepotious 
 uncle. Southey, The Doctor, ch. x. 
 
 With such a chapter, therefore, will I 
 brighten the countenance of many a dear 
 child, and gladden the heart of many a 
 happy father, and tender mother, and nepo- 
 tious uncle or aunt. Ibid. ch. cxxix. 
 
 NEPOTIST, one guilty of nepotism. 
 
 Were they to submit . . to be accused of 
 Nepotism by Nepotists? Sydney Smith, 1st 
 Letter to Arc/id. Singleton. 
 
 NERVELET, small nerve. 
 I dream'd this mortal part of mine 
 Was metamorphoz'd to a vine ; 
 Which crawling one and every way, 
 Euthrall'd my dainty Lucia. 
 Methought her long small legs and thighs 
 I with my tundrils did surprize ; 
 Her belly, buttocks, and her waste 
 By my soft nerv'lits were embrac'd. 
 
 Herrick, Hesjwides, p. 13. 
 
 NERVY, strong ; sinewy. R. and L. 
 have the word, and the latter marks it 
 as obsolete, which no doubt it is, al- 
 though a modern instance of its use 
 may be adduced. 
 
 Between 
 
 His nervy knees there lay a boar-spear keen 
 Keats, Endytnion, Bk. I. 
 
 NESCIO, a proverbial phrase to ex- 
 press the difficulty which an unknown 
 man finds in getting preferment. 
 
 The man . . . seemed very fit to make a 
 Governour ; but, as our Cambridge term is, he 
 was staid with Nescios : he was not known 
 in court nor city. Racket, Life of Williams, 
 ii. 97. 
 
 NESCIOUS, ignorant. 
 
 He that understands our thoughts long 
 before they are born cannot be nescious of 
 our works when they are done. Adams, ii. 
 171. 
 
 NEST, to relieve nature. 
 
 The most mannerly step but to the door, 
 and nest upon the stairs. Modern Account 
 of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. Misc., vi. 137). 
 
 NESTLE-COCK, a foundling. N. has 
 nescock, with quotation from Dunton's 
 Ladies' Diet., who refers also to cock- 
 ney ; of which Fuller says some take it 
 for " One coaks'd or cocker'd, made a 
 wanton or a nestle-cock of." Worthies, 
 London (ii. 55). 
 
 NET, to cover with a net. 
 
 It would have grieved him sorely, he said, 
 to leave his favourite tree to straugers, after 
 all the pains he had been at in netting it to 
 keep off the birds. Miss Edgeworth, Belinda, 
 ch. xxi. 
 
 NETTIE, natty. 
 
 Though danger be mickle, 
 And fauour so fickle, 
 Yet dutie doth tickle 
 
 My fansie to wright, 
 Concerning how prettie, 
 How fine and how nettie, 
 Good huswife should jettie 
 
 From morning to night. 
 
 Tusser, p. 159. 
 
 NEVER-STRIKE, a man who never 
 yields. 
 
 So off went Yeo to Plymouth, and re- 
 turned with Drew and a score of old never' 
 strikes. Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. xvi. 
 
 NEVER THE NEAR, never the nearer; 
 to no purpose. 
 
 I will not dispute the matter with them, 
 saith God, from day to day, and never the 
 new. Latimer, \. 245.
 
 NE W-FASHION 
 
 ( 435 ) 
 
 NICOR 
 
 Poor men put up bills every day, and 
 never the near. Ibid., p. 275. 
 
 Boh. I kept a great house with small 
 cheer, but all was ne'er the near. 
 
 Olier. And why ? 
 
 Boh. Because in seeking friends I found 
 table - guests to eat me and my meat. 
 Greene, James the Fourth, Induction. 
 
 Men may search for a tiling, and be never 
 the near, because they cannot search it out. 
 Sanderson, ii. 328. 
 
 NEW-FASHION, to rearrange or to 
 modernize. 
 
 Had I a place to new-fashion, I should not 
 put myself into the hands of an improver. 
 Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. vi. 
 
 NEWGATED, imprisoned. Cf. BRIDE- 
 WELLING. 
 
 Soon after this he was taken up and New- 
 gated. North, Examen, p. 258. 
 
 NEWS, a messenger with news. 
 
 In the mean time there cometh a News 
 thither with his horse to go over, and told 
 us he did come from Islington this morning. 
 Pepys, July 31, 1665. 
 
 NEWS. A house where they took in 
 the neivs seems to have been once a 
 euphemism for a brothel. 
 
 During the election at Taunton, a gentle- 
 man, . . seeing the hostler, asked him if he 
 could inform him where they took in the news. 
 The hostler, understanding him in a literal 
 sense, directed him to a bookseller's shop on 
 the opposite side of the way. ..." The 
 gentleman never asked me for a bad house ; 
 he only asked me for a house where they took 
 in the news." Life of J. Lackinyton, pp. 84, 
 86. 
 
 NEWSLESS, without news. 
 
 "We are in such a news-less situation, that 
 I have been some time too without writing 
 to jou., Walpole to Mann, ii. 191 (1746). 
 
 NEXT DOOR, approach ; nearness. 
 
 The next doore of death sads him not, but 
 hee expects it calmely as his turne in nature. 
 Earle, Microcosmoyraphie (Good old man). 
 
 NEXTER, next. 
 And in the nexter night 
 
 Fal many times do crie, 
 Remembring yet the ruth fill plight 
 Wherein they late did lie. 
 
 Gascoitjne, Complaint of Philomene, 
 
 P. ill. 
 NIB, to nibble. 
 
 "When the fish begin to nil and bite, 
 The moving of the float doth them bewray. 
 Dennis, Secrets of Angling (Eng. 
 Garner, i. 151). 
 
 NICHER, to chuckle in a quiet way. 
 
 In the north of England the word also 
 means to neigh. 
 
 The old crone " nickered " a laugh under 
 her bonnet and bandage. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xix. 
 
 NICHIL. See extract. 
 
 There is an Officer in the Exchequer, called 
 Clericus Nihilorum, or the Clerk of the 
 Nickills, who maketh a Roll cf all such sums 
 as are nichill'd by the Sheriff upon their 
 estreats of the Green Wax, when such sums 
 are set on persons, either not found, or not 
 found solvible. Fuller, Worthies, ch. xxv. 
 
 NICIFINITY, tinicalness. The 198th 
 Epigram in Davies's Scourge of Folly 
 is "Against Rontae's base pride, light 
 waight, and too much affected nici- 
 finity." 
 
 NICK, to break windows. Those 
 who amused themselves by breaking 
 windows in their frolics were called 
 nickers. See L., s. v., who does not, 
 however, give the verb. 
 So through the street at midnight scours, 
 Breaks watchmen's heads, and chairmen's 
 
 glasses, 
 And thence proceeds to nicking sashes. 
 
 Prior, Alma, 1306. 
 
 NICK-EARED, crop-eared. 
 
 Hold thy peace, 
 
 Thou nick-ear 1 d lubber ; what have we to do 
 With whys and wherefores ? 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Ft. II. iii. 1. 
 
 NICKERS. H., who gives no. example, 
 says, " Nicker, a little ball of clay or 
 earth baked hard and oiled over for 
 boys to play at nickers." 
 
 You find one, out of a wonderfull conde- 
 scension and exemplary point of humility, 
 playing at Nickers and Marbles, or Cherry- 
 pit, or some such imperial recreation. 
 Cotton, Scarronides, Preface. 
 
 NICK-NACK, a feast where all con- 
 tribute ; a picnic. 
 
 Janus. I am afraid I can't come to cards, 
 but shall be sure to attend the repast. A 
 nick-nack, I suppose ? 
 
 Cons. Yes, yes. we all contribute as usual : 
 the substantials from Alderman Surloin's; 
 Lord Frippery's cook finds fricasees and 
 ragouts ; Sir Robert Bumper's butler is to 
 send in the wine, and I shall supply the 
 desert. Foote, The Nabob, Act I. 
 
 NICK-NACKY, full of knick-knacks. 
 Cf. KNICK-KNACKATORY. 
 
 His dressing-room is a perfect show, so 
 neat and nick-nacky. Miss Ferrier, Inherit- 
 
 NlCOR. 
 
 See extract. 
 
 F F 2
 
 NIDDIPOL 
 
 (436 ) 
 
 NIGHTY 
 
 " Did you ever see a nicor ? " " My brother 
 saw one in the northern sea, three fathoms 
 long, with the body of a bison-bull, and the 
 head of a cat, and the beard of a man, and 
 tusks an ell long lying down on its breast, 
 watching for the fishermen ; and he struck 
 it with an arrow, so that it fled to the 
 bottom of the sea, and never came up 
 again." "What is a nicor, Agilmund':"' 
 asked one of the girls. " A sea-devil who 
 eats sailors." Kinysley, Hypatia, ch. xii. 
 
 NIDDIPOL, foolish. 
 
 What niddipol hare brayne 
 Would scorne this couenant ? 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 110. 
 
 NIDDLE-NODDLE, vacillating, or per- 
 haps head - shaking, and so affecting 
 wisdom after the manner of Lord Bur- 
 leigh in The Critic. See also extract 
 s. v. Joss. It is also used as a verb, to 
 shake or wag. 
 
 State-physicians, 
 And niddle-noddle politicians. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. i. 
 Her head niddle-noddled at every word. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyy. 
 
 NIDGING, trifling ; insignificant. 
 
 If I was Mr. Mandlebert, I'd sooner have 
 her than any of 'em, for all she's such a 
 nidying little thing. Mad. D'Arblay, Ca- 
 milla, Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 NID-NOD, to shake or wag. 
 That odd little nid-nodding face is too 
 good to be kept all to ourselves ; and 'tis so 
 comical, all its nods and grimaces seem as if 
 directed to our box. Miss Ferrier, Inherit- 
 ance, iii. 104. 
 
 And Lady K. nid-nodded her head, 
 Lapped in a turban fancy-bred. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyg. 
 
 NIECESHIP, the relationship of a niece. 
 
 She was a descendant of Noah, and of his 
 eldest son Japhet ; she was allied to Ham, 
 however, in another way besides this remote 
 nieceship. Southey, The Doctor, ch. Ixxii. 
 
 NIG, to be stingy. 
 
 Is it not better to healpe the mother and 
 mistre^ of thy country with thy goods and 
 body, than by withholding thy hande, and 
 nigging, to make her not hable to kepe out 
 thine ennemy ? Aylmer, Harborouyh, &c., 
 1559 (Maitland on Ref., p. 218). 
 
 NIGGERLING, a little nigger. 
 Black Venus rises from the soapy surge, 
 And all the little Niyyerlinys emerge 
 
 As lily-white as mussels. 
 
 Hood, A Black Job. 
 Tom Macaulay beheld the flight 
 Of these three little dusky sons of night, 
 
 And his heart swell 'd with joy and elation ; 
 
 " Oh see," quoth he, " those niyyerlinys three, 
 Who have just got emancipation." 
 
 Inyoldsby Legends (The Truants). 
 
 NIGHT-CAT. See extract. The trial 
 referred to is that of Hardy, Thelwall, 
 &c. in 1794. 
 
 The prisoners were charged with having 
 provided arms, and instruments called night- 
 cats, for impeding the action of cavalry in 
 the streets. . . . Although a model of the 
 niyht-cat had been exhibited at a meeting, it 
 did not appear that any had been ordered. 
 Massey, Hist, of Eny., iii. 381. 
 
 NIGHT-EATER, a flea. 
 
 The innes now begin to prouide for ghests, 
 and the night-eaters in the stable pinch the 
 trauailer in his bed. Breton, Fantastickes 
 (September). 
 
 NIGHTED, benighted. Shakespeare 
 uses the word {Lear, IV. v. ; Hamlet, I. 
 ii.), but in a figurative sense. 
 
 Now to horse ! 
 
 I shall be niyhted ; but an hour or two 
 Never breaks square in love. 
 
 Jonson, Fletcher and Middleton, 
 The Widow, Act II. 
 
 NIGHTINGALIZE, to sing like a night- 
 ingale. 
 
 He sings like a lark when at morn he arises, 
 And when evening comes he nightingalizes. 
 Southey, Nondescripts, viii. 
 
 NIGHTMAN, a man who empties 
 privies, &c. at night. 
 
 In another is . . an advertisement of a 
 milch-ass, to be sold at the Niyhtman's in 
 Whitechapel T. Brown, Works, iii. 29. 
 Farriers should write on farcys and the 
 
 glanders, 
 
 Bug-doctors only upon bed-disorders ; 
 Farmers on land, ploughs, pigs, ducks, geese, 
 
 and ganders, 
 Niyhtmen alone on aromatic odours. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 149. 
 
 NIGHT-SUNS, entertainments which 
 brighten the night seem to be so called. 
 I will not speake of every dayes delight, 
 They are so various, full of Rarities. 
 But are there not sweet pleasures for the 
 
 night? 
 
 Maskes, Revels, Banquets, Mirthf ull Come- 
 dies, 
 
 Niyht-Sunnes, (kind Nature's dearest Prodi- 
 gies) 
 
 Which work in men with powerfull In- 
 fluence, 
 
 As having their first life, best motion 
 thence. 
 
 Hubert, Hist, of Edward IT., 
 1629, p. 18. 
 
 NIGHTY, pertaining to night.
 
 NIGRITUDE 
 
 (437 ) 
 
 NOBBLE 
 
 Wee keepe thee midpath with darcknesse 
 niyhtye beueyled. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., ii. 369. 
 
 NIGRITUDE, blackness. 
 I like to meet a sweep, . . . one of those 
 tender novices blooming through their first 
 nigritude, the maternal washings not quite 
 effaced from the cheek. Essays of Elia, 
 Chimney Sweepers. 
 We've scrubbed the negroes till we've nearly 
 
 killed 'em, 
 And finding that we cannot wash them 
 
 white, 
 
 But still their nigritude offends the sight, 
 We mean to gild 'em. 
 
 Hood, A Black Job. 
 
 NIHILHOOD, nullity. 
 For 111 being but a meere defect of Good, 
 
 It followes then its but a meere Defect ; 
 Which is no more but a meere Nihiihood, 
 
 For Want can be no more in no respect, 
 
 And not to bee is nothing in effect. 
 
 Davies, Jfirum in Modum, p. 23. 
 
 NILL, unwillingness. 
 
 It shall be their misery semper velle quod 
 nunquam erit, semper nolle quod nunquam non 
 erit to have a will never satisfied, a nill 
 never gratified. Adams, i. 239. 
 
 NILLY-WILLY, nolens volens : usually 
 written WILLY-NILLY, q. v. 
 
 A priest you shall be before the year is 
 out, nilly-imlly. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 NILOTIC, belonging to the Nile. 
 
 I . . laid, confounded with all unutterable 
 slimy things, amongst reeds and Nilotic 
 mud. De (juincey, Opium Eater, p. 151. 
 
 NIMIOUS, excessive. 
 
 They ought ... to account their very feet 
 beautiful for their Lord's and embassage's 
 sake, only with this proviso, that divine and 
 nimious adoration be not given. Ward, 
 Sermons, p. 8. 
 
 NIMSHITE. Jehu, the son of Nimshi, 
 drove furiously ; hence Jehu is often 
 applied to a coachman. Nimshite I 
 have not found elsewhere. 
 Those Nimshites who with furious zeal drive 
 
 on, 
 
 And build up Rome to pull down Babylon. 
 Defoe, Hymn to the Pillory. 
 
 NINE-EYED. H. says, " a term of 
 reproach," but gives neither explanation 
 nor example. I suppose it means squint- 
 ing. See NINE WAYS. 
 
 Out of doors, I say : come out. I'll fetch 
 ye out with a horse-pox for a damnable, 
 prying, nine-ei/'d witch. Plautus, made Eng- 
 lish, Preface (1694). 
 
 You son of a nine-eyed whore, d'ye come 
 to abuse me? Farquhar, The Inconstant, 
 Act II. 
 
 NINE-PEGS, nine-pins. 
 
 Playing at nine-pegs with such heat 
 
 That mighty Jupiter did sweat. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 192. 
 
 NINES. To the nines = to perfection. 
 In the second extract the word is in the 
 singular, which, I think, is less usual. 
 
 He's such a funny man, and touches off 
 the Londoners to the nines. Gait, Ayrshire 
 Legatees, ch. viii. 
 
 He then . . . put his hand in his pockets, 
 and produced four beautiful sets of handcuffs 
 bran new, polished to tlie nine. Reade, Never 
 too late to mend, ch. Ixv. 
 
 NINE WAYS. To look nine ways is a 
 strong expression for squinting. The 
 extract is supposed to be from a free 
 translation of Iliad, ii. 212 219, con- 
 taining the description of Thersites. 
 The line subjoined is the translation of 
 a single word in the original, 0o\ic6c, 
 which used to be rendered " squinting," 
 though it probably has a different ety- 
 mology from that formerly assigned 
 to it, and means bandy-legged. Mr. 
 Roberts, in his note on the extract, 
 observes, " Modern roughs say, ' He 
 looks nine ways for Sunday.'" Cf. 
 NINE-EYED. 
 
 Squyntyied he was, and looked nyne waies. 
 UdaFs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 203. 
 
 NINNY-WHOOP, a fool. 
 
 Do they think to have to do with a ninny- 
 ichoop, to feed you then with cakes ? 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxxii. 
 
 NIP, a small dram (slang). 
 
 He sat down instantly, and asked for a little 
 drop of comfort out of the Dutch bottle ; 
 Mrs. Yolland sat down opposite to him, and 
 gave him his nip. Wilkie Collins, The 
 Moonstone, Pt. I. ch. xv. 
 
 Young Eyre took a nip of whisky, and 
 settled himself so as to hear Lavender's 
 story. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xxiii. 
 
 NIPLET, little nipple. 
 He with his pretty finger prest 
 The rubie niplet of her breast. 
 
 Herrick, Hespendes, p. 77. 
 So like to this, nay all the rest, 
 Is each neate niplet of her breast. 
 
 Ibid., p. 175. 
 
 NOBBLE, to secure or get hold of. 
 
 The only friend she ever had was that old 
 woman with the stick old Kew ; the old 
 witch whom they buried four months ago
 
 NOBDV 
 
 ( 433 ) 
 
 NODDY 
 
 after nolMing her money for the beauty of 
 the family. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. Ivii. 
 
 NOBBY, good ; capital. 
 
 I'll come back in the course of the evening, 
 if agreeable to you, and endeavour to meet 
 your wishes respecting this unfortunate 
 family matter, and the nobbiest way of 
 keeping it quiet. Dickens, Bleak House, 
 ch. liv. 
 
 NOBLE, used curiously in extract for 
 great, prodigious. It recalls the splen- 
 dide mendax of Horace, though really 
 the two phrases have from their con- 
 text quite different meanings. 
 
 That Saturnus should geld his father 
 Ccelius, to th' intent to make him vnable to 
 get any moe children, and other such matters 
 as are reported by them, it seemeth to be 
 some wittie deuise and fiction made for a 
 purpose, or a very noble and impudent lye. 
 Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. I. ch. xii. 
 
 NOBLE. To turn or bring a noble to 
 ninepence was a proverbial expression, 
 signifying decay or degeneracy. The 
 Latin proverb for which Bailey offers 
 this equivalent is " ab equis ad asinos." 
 
 Many of you [women] are so lavish that 
 you make the poor husband oftentimes to 
 turn a noble to ninepence. Ho well, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 59. 
 
 En. Have you given over study then ? 
 
 Po. Altogether ; I have brought a noble to 
 ninepence, and of a master of seven arts I 
 am become a workman of but one art. 
 Honey's Erasmus, p. 180. 
 
 NOBLER, a go or glass (slang). 
 
 And I has two noblers of brandy, and one 
 of Old Tom ; no, two Old Toms it was and a 
 brandy. H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. 
 xxxi. 
 
 NOCENCE, guilt. 
 
 I would iniquity was not bolder than 
 honesty, or that innocence might speed no 
 worse than nocence. Adams, i. 212. 
 
 NOCHELL. To cry nochell in the ex- 
 tract seems to mean the same as a word 
 which was added to our language to- 
 wards the end of 1880, to 'Boycott,' 
 though probably Gaffer Block only 
 said that he would not be responsible 
 for debts contracted by his wife. The 
 word seems the same as NICHILL, q. v. 
 
 Will. The first I think on is the king's 
 majesty (God bless him!), him they cried 
 nochell. 
 
 Sam. What, as Gaffer Block of our town 
 cried his wife ? 
 
 Will. I do not know what he did ; but 
 they voted that nobody should either borrow 
 or lend, nor sell iior buy with him, under 
 
 pain of their displeasure. Dialogue on 
 Oxford Parliament, 1681 (Harl. Misc., ii. 
 114). 
 
 NOCTIVAGANT, wandering by night. 
 
 The lustful sparrows, noctivayant adul- 
 terers, sit chirping about our houses. Adams, 
 i. 347. 
 
 NOD. Land of Nod = sleep. See 
 BEDFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Oh bed, oh bed, delicious bed! . . . 
 To the happy, a first-class carriage of ease 
 To the land of Nod, or where yon please ; 
 But alas ! for the watchers and weepers. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyg. 
 
 NODCOCK, simpleton : used in extract 
 adjectivally. N. has nodgecock. 
 So nodcoke I that long 
 
 Haue serued thee like a slaue, 
 For my reward, by dew desart, 
 Repentance gained haue. 
 
 Breton, Floorish upon Fancie, p. 22. 
 
 NODDIE-PEAK, silly ; blockheaded. 
 
 "Woodcock slangams, ninnie-hammor fly- 
 catchers, noddie-peak simpletons. Urquhart's 
 Eabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxv. 
 
 NODDLE, to shake. 
 
 He used at the Temple to be described by 
 his hatchet face and shoulder of mutton 
 hand, and he walked splay, stooping and 
 noddling. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 
 134. 
 
 She noddled her head, was saucy, and said 
 rude things to one's face. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. V. ch. x. 
 
 NODDLE-CASE, a wig. 
 
 Next time you have occasion for a new 
 noddle-case, if you please, I'll recommend 
 you to the honestest perri wig-maker in Chris- 
 tendom. T. Brown, If'orks, ii. 197. 
 
 NODDY, foolish. The word is not 
 common as an adjective, except in 
 composition, as noddy -poll, noddy- 
 peak. 
 
 You present us with an inane nfhil, a new 
 directory of a noddy synod. British Bellman, 
 1648 (Harl. Misc., vii. 627). 
 
 NODDY, to make a fool of. 
 If such an asse be noddied for the nonce, 
 I say but this to helpe his idle fit, 
 Let him but thanke himselfe for lacke of 
 wit. 
 Breton, PasquiVs Fooles-cappe, p. 24. 
 
 NODDY. The extract is from Can- 
 ning's Rovers, II. i., where the cha- 
 racters are introduced playing ALL- 
 FOURS, q. v. Several other terms of the 
 game are mentioned. In a note it is 
 stated, " A noddy, the reader will ob- 
 serve, has two significations the one a
 
 NODE 
 
 ( 439 ) 
 
 NO NEST 
 
 knave at all -fours; the other a fool or 
 booby." There was also a game at 
 cards called noddy. See N. 
 
 Beef. I beg. 
 
 Pudd. (deals three cards to Beefington). 
 A re you satisfied ? 
 
 Beef. Enough. What have you ? 
 
 Pudd. High, Low, and the Game. 
 
 Beef. Damnation ! 'tis my deal (deals ; 
 turns up a knave). One for his heels ! (tri- 
 umphantly). 
 
 Pudd. Is king highest ? 
 
 Beef. No ! (sternly). The Game is mine. 
 The knave gives it me. 
 
 Pudd. Are knaves so prosperous ? Ay, 
 marry are they in this world : they have the 
 game in their hands; your kings are but 
 noddies to them. Poetry of Antijacobin, p. 
 199. 
 
 NODE, a botch. L. (who quotes from 
 Wiseman's Surgery) says, " rarely used 
 except in a scientific sense." The 
 nodes of a watch are, I suppose, the 
 figures, or perhaps the keyholes, which 
 in old-fashioned watches are often in 
 the face. 
 
 Whilst beauty fit to charm the Gods, 
 Was studded, like a watch, with nodes. 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. 4. 
 
 NOGGIN. "Partition framed of 
 timber scantlings, with the interstices 
 filled up by brick " (L., s. v. nogging, 
 but no example is given). 
 
 Many of them [Cinque-Port court-houses] 
 seem to have undergone little alteration, and 
 are in general of a composite order of archi- 
 tecture, a fanciful arrangement of brick and 
 timber, with what Johnson would have styled 
 " interstices reticulated and decussated be- 
 tween intersections " of lath and plaster. Its 
 less euphonious designation in the Weald is 
 a noggin. Ingoldsby Let/ends (Jarvis's Wig). 
 
 NOGGIN-STAVES. To go to noggin- 
 staves = to go to pieces, or to be all in 
 confusion. Cf. STICKS AND STAVES. 
 
 Silence, or my allegory will go to noggin- 
 staves. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. v. 
 
 NOHOW. To look nohow = to be out 
 of countenance, or embarrassed. 
 
 I could not speak a word ; I dare say I 
 looked no-how. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 161. 
 
 NOINTER, an anointer. Stapylton 
 always uses the forms noint, nointer, 
 &c.,even in the notes, where, of course, 
 there is no metre to require it. 
 
 Tell me what's he in whom comes every man? 
 
 A Rhetorician, a Grammarian, 
 
 A Painter, Nointer, Augur, Geometrician. 
 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, iii. 91. 
 
 NOISANCE, annoyance. 
 
 There is no snake in this countrey, nor any 
 venemous thing whatsoever ; howbeit much 
 noisance they have every where by wolves. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 63. 
 
 NONCHALANCE, carelessness. 
 
 He sat there pursuing 
 His suit, weighing out with nonchalance 
 Fine tpeeches like gold from a balance. 
 
 Browning, The Glove. 
 
 NONCHALANT, careless : a French 
 word almost naturalized. 
 
 The chief of the Turky Company were 
 also the demagogues or heads of the faction 
 in the city, and were most hearkened to by 
 the nonchalant merchants that went with 
 faction scarce knowing whv. North, Examen, 
 p. 463. 
 
 NONCHALANTLY, coolly ; carelessly. 
 
 I said nonchalantly, " Mr. Rochester is not 
 likely to return soon, I suppose." C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 NONCON, a nonconformist ; also as 
 an adjective. 
 
 The very Nonconi and the Church, we see, 
 Tho' when they pray to God, they disagree, 
 Yet fight with uniformity for thee. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 128. 
 
 The king extended his mercy to diverse, 
 as, for instance, to one Rosewell, a Non-Con 
 teacher convict of high treason. North, 
 Examen, p. 645. 
 
 Nothing, however, in former times excited 
 so great a sensation in the small world of 
 Noncons as the death of one of their divines. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxxxiii. 
 
 NON-CON FORMITANCY, nonconformity. 
 
 Officers ecclesiastical did prosecute pre- 
 sentments, rather against non-conformitanry 
 of ministers and people than for debaucheries 
 of an evil life. Racket, Life of Williams, 
 ii. 44. 
 
 NON - CONFORMITANT, a nonconform- 
 ist. Cf. CONFORMITAN. 
 
 They were of the old stock of non-con- 
 formitants, and among the seniors of his 
 college, who look'd sour upon him, because 
 he was an adherent to and stickler for the 
 discipline and ceremonies of the Church of 
 England. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 9. 
 
 This Bishop being not iudiligent to preach 
 the Gospel, for which St. Paul and our own 
 canons had provided, was deciphered to the 
 king for an upholder of non-conformitants. 
 Ibid. ii. 39. 
 
 NONE-CHILD, own child ; a darling. 
 An effemmiuate foole is the figure of a 
 baby, . . . his father's loue, and his mother's 
 none-child. Breton, Good and Bad, p. 13. 
 
 NONEST, nonce. 
 
 For the nonest I forbare to allege the 
 learneder sort, lest the unlearned should say
 
 NONDURABLE ( 44 ) 
 
 NOSE 
 
 they could no skill on such books. Pilking- 
 ton, p. 644. 
 
 NONJURABLE, incapable of being 
 sworn. North (Examen, p. 264) calls 
 Dangerfield, who on account of his 
 notorious perjuries was incapacitated 
 from being a witness, " a nondurable 
 rogue." 
 
 NONPLUSH, to discomfit. To be at a 
 nonphish = to be at a loss. This pro- 
 nunciation of nonplus is very common 
 in my Hampshire parish it gives the 
 point to Hood's pun in the extract. 
 Below he wears the nether garb of males, 
 Of crimson plush, but non-plushed at the knee. 
 Hood, Irish Schoolmaster. 
 
 NONRESIDENCE, digression. 
 
 I might here infer to your observation 
 without any nonresidence from the text that 
 the Church is called filia Jerusalem, the 
 daughter of the people, for her beauty, for 
 her purity. Adams, i. 398. 
 
 NONRESIDENT, diverging. 
 
 But by the leave of his gravity, he was 
 herein non-resident from the truth itself, in 
 denying a work so useful in the kind thereof 
 for honest and civil delectation. Life of Sir 
 P. Sidney, prefixed to the Arcadia. 
 
 He himself is more non-resident from his 
 theme than a discontinuer is from his charge. 
 Adams, i. 473. 
 
 NONSCIENCE, the reverse of science ; 
 unscientific error. 
 
 The doctor talked mere science or non- 
 science about humours, complexions, aud 
 animal spirits. Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. 
 xxi. 
 
 NONSUCH, an unequalled person or 
 thing. Sylvester applies it to Plato's 
 ideal Republic, and is himself addressed 
 as '' Rare Muses' Non-such " in some 
 commendatory verses by R. N. Gent. 
 Therefore did Plato from his None-Such 
 
 banish 
 Base Poetasters. Sylvester, Urania, st. 42. 
 
 The Scripture . . . presenteth Solomon's 
 [temple] as a none-such or peerless structure, 
 admitting no equall, much less a snperiour. 
 Fuller, Pisgah Sight, III. (Pfc. II.) viii. 1. 
 
 You are, as indeed I have always thought 
 you, a nonsuch of a woman. Richardson, 
 Grandison, i. 166. 
 
 NOODLEDOM, a word formed like 
 rascaldom and scoundreldom, and ex- 
 pressing noodles collectively. 
 Lord So-and-so, his coat bedropt with wax, 
 All Peter's chains about his waist, his back 
 Brave with the needlework of Noodledom, 
 Believes. 
 
 Browning, Up. lougrai's Apology. 
 
 NOSE, an informer (thieves' cant). 
 Now Bill so the story, as told to me, goes 
 And who, as his last speech sufficiently 
 
 shows, 
 "Was a regular trump, did not like to turn 
 
 Nose. Ingoldsby Legends (The Drummer). 
 
 NOSE. As plain as the nose on ones 
 face, i. e. very obvious. 
 
 Those fears and jealousies appeared after- 
 wards to every common man as plain as 
 the nose on his face to be but meer forgeries 
 and suppositious things. Howell, Parly of 
 Utasts, p. 35. 
 
 As witness my hand, Valentine Legeud, in 
 great letters ; why 'tis as plain as the nose in 
 one's face. Congreve, Love for Love, iv. 8. 
 
 The gentleman talks main well, and has 
 made it as plain as the nose in one's face, 
 if one did but understand him. Graves, 
 Spiritual Quixote, Bk. V. ch. xviii. 
 
 NOSE. To cast in the nose = to twit. 
 We say more usually, to cast in the 
 teeth. 
 
 A feloe had cast him in the nose that he 
 gaue so large mouie to soche a naughtie 
 drabbe. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 65. 
 
 NOSE. To follow ones nose = to go 
 straight on. The saying, as appears 
 from the quotations, was sometimes ex- 
 panded not very delicately. 
 
 He that follows his nose always will very 
 often be led into a stink. Congreve, Love 
 for Love, iv. 10. 
 
 Footman. Madam, I don't know the house. 
 
 Lady Sm. "Well, that's not for want of 
 ignorauce : follow your nose, go, enquire 
 among the servants. Swift, Polite Conversa- 
 tion (Conv. i.). 
 
 Tugwell very civilly inquired which was 
 the Bristol Road. "Follow your nose, and 
 your a-se will tag after," says a taylor's 
 prentice. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. 
 VI. ch. i. 
 
 NOSE. To hold a mans nose to the 
 grindstone to be hard on him, or 
 triumph over him. 
 
 It wil be a shame and to great a vilanie 
 for you which in al ages have been hable to 
 hold their nose to the grindstone, nowe either 
 for sparing of your goodes, which is nig- 
 gardie, or feare of your Hues, which is 
 cowardise, to be their pezantes, whose lordes 
 your auncettors were. Aylmer, Harlorough, 
 &c., 1559 (Maitland on Kef., p. 220). 
 
 Covetous hands and sacrilegious hearts 
 hold the nose of Religion so long to the grind- 
 stone of their Reformations, till they have 
 utterly defaced the Justice and Charity, the 
 Order and Beauty of Christian Religion. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 321. 
 
 I shall not neglect bringing the grindstone 
 to bear, nor yet bringing Dusty Boffin's none
 
 NOSE ( 44 
 
 to it. His nose once brought to it shall be 
 held to it by these hands, Mr. Ve^us, till the 
 sparks flies out in showers. Dickens, Our 
 Mutual Friend, Bk. III. ch. xiv. 
 
 NOSE. To be bored through the nose 
 = to be cheated. 
 
 I have known divers Dutch gentlemen 
 grosly guld by this cheat, and som English 
 bor'd also through the nose this way. Howell, 
 Forraine Traveil, sect. 8. 
 
 NOSEBAG, bag containing a horse's 
 provender: fastened on to his nose 
 when he feeds. 
 Calm as a hackney coach-horse on the Strand, 
 
 Tossing about his nose-bag and his oats. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 265. 
 
 There was Bell at his head, talking in an 
 endearing fashion to him as the Lieutenant 
 pulled the strap of the nosebag up ; and one 
 horse was safe. Black, Adventures of a 
 Phaeton, ch. xiii. 
 
 NOSECLOTH, pocket-handkerchief: it 
 may, however, in the extract refer to 
 the can in which Silenus buried his 
 nose or face. 
 
 That proverbial fcecundi calices that might 
 wel haue been doore keeper to the Kanne of 
 Silenus, when nodding on his Asse trapt with 
 iuie, hee made his moist nosecloth the pausing 
 intermedium twixt euerie nappe. JVashe, 
 Introd. to Greene's Menaphon, p. 15. 
 
 NOSES. To tell or count noses = to 
 take the numbers present. The expres- 
 sion is usually somewhat contemptuous, 
 as where votes numerantur non ponder- 
 antur. 
 
 The polle and number of the names ... I 
 think to be but the number of the Beast, if 
 we onely tell noses, and not consider reasons. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 105. 
 
 The other catch of the pincers was their 
 lordships' legislative vote, and their odds in 
 number above the bishops, if you counted men 
 by noses. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 168. 
 
 Nor think yourself secure in doing wrong, 
 
 By telling noses with a party strong. 
 
 Swift to Gay. 
 
 They would have had it in their power 
 to say they gave their opinions without any 
 reasons, as if their had been none better 
 than number or telling noses. North, Ex- 
 amen, p. 523. 
 
 NOSEY. See extract. The expres- 
 sion is not in Grose, nor in Hotteu's 
 Slang Diet. 
 
 An admirable caricatura of a musician, 
 what the vulgar of this day would call a 
 nosey, playing on a violin. Archaol., ix. 148 
 (1789). 
 
 NOSOCOME. See quotation. The word 
 
 i ) NOTIONLESS 
 
 is taken from the original French, and 
 that from the Greek (yoaoq Kopi<a). 
 
 He . . gave order that the wounded should 
 be dressed and had care of in his great hus- 
 pital or nosocome. Uryu/iart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 I. ch. Ii. 
 
 NOSTRDMMONGERSHIP, ability to pro- 
 vide expedients or remedies : an absurd 
 word coined by Lovelace. 
 
 Should I be outwitted with all my senten- 
 tious boasting conceit of my own nostrum- 
 monyership (I love to plague thee, who art a 
 pretender to accuracy, and a surface-skimmer 
 in learning, with out-of-the-way words and 
 phrases), I should certainly hang, drown, or 
 shoot myself. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 
 134. 
 
 NOSY, with a prominent nose. 
 
 The history leaves them, to give an account 
 who the knight of the looking-glasses and 
 his nosy squire were. Jarvis's Don Quixote, 
 Pt. II. Bk. II. ch. xiv. 
 
 NOTABILITY, notableness ; capability 
 of managing well. 
 
 But she was. I cannot deny, 
 The soul of notability ; 
 She struggled hard to save the pelf. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xxvi. 
 
 NOTCHED, a term applied to the 
 Roundheads on account of their closely- 
 cut hair ; also to any persons with 
 cropped hair. 
 
 She had no resemblance to the rest of the 
 notched rascals. The Committee, Act L 
 
 Some of the most eminent citizens who 
 can afford it have two religions going at 
 once, and will march you gravely at the 
 head of six notch'd apprentices to church in 
 the morning, and a meeting in the after- 
 noon. T. Brown, Works, i. 210. 
 
 NOTELESS, unmusical. Both R. and 
 L. have the word = not attracting 
 notice. 
 
 The Bagpipe with its squeak and drone, 
 Or Parish-Clerk with noteless tone, 
 Are Owls to us sweet singers. 
 
 D' Urfey, Two Queens of Brentford, 
 Act I. 
 
 NOTHING-DO, an idler. Cf. DO-NO- 
 THING. 
 
 What innumerable swarms of nothing-does 
 beleaguer this city ! Adams, ii. 182. 
 
 NOTIONLESS. Davies means to say 
 that God knows essentially (i. e. because 
 He is God) everything, even tiling that 
 never have existed or will exist, but 
 man can only form notions of existent 
 things. God then is called nationless, as 
 not deriving His knowledge in this way.
 
 NO TOR Y 
 
 (44* ) 
 
 NUMBER Y 
 
 And though of That which is not nor shal be 
 Cau be no Notion, so no knowledge right, 
 Yet Creatures only kuowe in that degree, 
 But God knowes (Xotionlesse) essentially. 
 
 Davies, Suniina Totalis, p. 23. 
 
 NOTORY, notorious. 
 Wat. Did they eny grevaunce to hym ? 
 Jef. Out of this lyfe they did hym trymme, 
 Because he was Goddis servaunte. 
 
 Wat. He did some faulte gretly notary. 
 Jef. No thynge but for a mortuary 
 The prestes agaynst hym did aryse. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and be 
 nott icrothe, p. 104. 
 
 NODRCE-GARDEN, nursery. 
 
 A Colledge, the nource-garden (as it were) 
 or plant plot of good letters. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 393. 
 
 NOURCE-SON, foster-son. 
 
 Sir Thomas Bodley, a right worshipfull 
 knight, and a most worthy nource-son of this 
 "Vniversity. Holland's Camden, p. 382. 
 
 NOURICE, to nurse. 
 The Siren Venus nouriced in her lap 
 Fair Adon. 
 
 Greene, Sonnet from Perimedes, p. 293. 
 
 Nous, sense. This Greek word has 
 become quite naturalized. In Peter 
 Pindar, p. 236, the word is in Greek 
 characters. 
 
 But soon her superannuated nous 
 Explain'd the horrid mystery. 
 
 Hood, A Fairy Tale. 
 Don't give people nicknames, doii't even in 
 
 fun 
 
 Call any one " snuff-coloured son of a gun ; " 
 
 Nor fancy, because a man nous seems to lack, 
 
 That, whenever you please, you can give him 
 
 the sack. Ingoldsby Legends (St. Medard). 
 
 NOVICE, used adjectivally ; inex- 
 perienced. 
 
 A novice theef that in a closet spies 
 A heap of gold that on the table lies ; 
 Pale, fearfull, shiuering, twice or thrice 
 
 extends, 
 
 And twice or thrice retires his fingers' ends. 
 Sylvester, The Imposture, 338. 
 These nouice lovers at their first arrive 
 Are bashfull both. 
 
 Ibid., The Magnificence, 836. 
 The wisest, unexperienced, will be ever 
 Timorous and loath with novice modesty. 
 
 Milton, Paradise Reyaincd, iii. 241. 
 
 NOVICIATE, inexperienced : the word 
 is usually a substantive meaning the 
 period which a novice has to pass 
 through before tfiking vows. 
 
 I discipline my young noviciate thought 
 Iii ministeries of heart-stirring song. 
 
 Coleridge, Religions Musings. 
 
 NOVILANT, a recorder of new or 
 modern events. 
 
 For things past he was a perfect Historian ; 
 for things present a judicious Novilant ; and 
 for things to come a prudentiall (not to say 
 propheticall) Coujecturer. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Essex (i. 355). 
 
 Both Novelants and Antiquaries must be 
 content with many falsehoods ; the one 
 taking Reports at the first rebound before 
 come to ; the other rakiug them out of the 
 dust, when past their perfection. Hid., 
 Monmouth (ii. 119). 
 
 NUB, to hang (thieves' cant). See 
 quotation s. v. FILING-LAY. 
 
 All the comfort I shall have when you are 
 nultbed is that I gave you good advice. 
 Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 NUBBING- CHEAT, thieves' term for 
 gallows. Cf. CHEAT. 
 
 I will show you a way to empty the pocket 
 of a queer cull without any danger of the 
 mibbing-cheat. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VIII. 
 ch. xii. 
 
 NUDIFIDIAN, one who has a bare 
 faith. 
 
 A Christian must work ; for no nudifidian, 
 as well as no nullifidian, shall be admitted 
 into heaven. Adams, ii. 280. 
 
 NUKE. Bailey defines this " the 
 hinder part of the head, the noddle," 
 but this does not seem the meaning in 
 the extract. 
 
 So Jove himself, as poets tell us, 
 Bred in his head his daughter Pallas, 
 AVhom Vulcan midwiv'd at a hole, 
 With hatchet nuke, clove in his poll. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 cant. i. p. 2. 
 
 NULLAH. See extract (an Indian 
 word). 
 
 Do you know what a nullah is? "Well, it's 
 a great gap, like a huge dry canal, fifteen or 
 twenty feet deep. Hughes, Tom, Jlroicn ut 
 Oxford, ch. xliv. 
 
 NULLIZE, to make nothing ; to waste 
 away. 
 
 A lowly Fortune is of all derpised, 
 A lofty one oft. of itselfe, inillisedf. 
 
 Sylvester, Honour's Farewell, 82. 
 
 NUMHERY, melodious. 
 No time lost Jubal ; th' unfull harmony 
 Of viieven hammers beating diversly 
 Wakens the tunes that his sweet numlery 
 
 soule 
 
 Yer birth (sonic think) loarn'd of the war- 
 ling Pole. 
 
 Sylvester, Handie-Crafts, 1320.
 
 NUMBER Y 
 
 ( 443 ) NYMPHOLEPTIC 
 
 This is the noble, sweet, voice-ord'ring Art 
 Breath's measurer, the guide of supplest 
 
 fingers 
 On living -dumb, dead - speaking, sinnew- 
 
 singers, 
 
 Th' accord of discords, sacred Harmony 
 And iiumb'rie Law. 
 
 Ibid., The Columnes, 25. 
 
 NUMBERY, numerous. 
 Thy numbry Flocks in part shall barren be. 
 
 Sylvester, The Laice, 1320. 
 So many and so numb'ry armies scatter'd. 
 
 Ibid., Battle of Yvry, 25". 
 
 NUMEROUS, capable of scansion. 
 
 The greatest part of Poets haveaparelled 
 their poetical inventions in that numbrous 
 kind of writing which is called Verse. 
 Sidney, Defence of Poesie, p. 548. 
 
 NUM-CUMPUS, a fool ; one non compos. 
 Sa like a graat num-cumpus I blubber'd awtiay 
 o' the bed. Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 NUMMET. See quotation. 
 
 This nonemete, which seems to have been 
 a meal in lieu of a nap, is still the word by 
 which luncheon was called at Bristol in my 
 childhood, but corrupted into nummet. 
 Southey, Common PI. Book, i. 477. 
 
 NUN, to cloister up as a nun. 
 
 If you are so very heavenly-minded . . I 
 will have you to town, and nun you up with 
 Aunt Nell. Richardson, Grandison, v. 50. 
 
 NUNCHEON, luncheon. Originally 
 the mid-day drink ; from Middle Eng- 
 lish schenche, a drink ; A. S. scencan, 
 to pour out drink. See .ZV. and Q. , 5th 
 S., iv. 366. The latest example in the 
 Diets, is from Hudibras ; two more 
 recent are subjoined. 
 
 Tugwell, by a kind of instinct, began to 
 rummage his wallet for something to eat, . . . 
 and they took a comfortable noonchine to- 
 gether. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. IX. 
 ch. v. 
 
 I left London this morning at eight o'clock, 
 and the only ten minutes I have spent out 
 of my chaise since that time procured me 
 a nunchion at Marlborough. Miss Austen, 
 Sense and Sensibility, ch. xliv. 
 
 NUNNERY, the institution of conven- 
 tual life for women, not the building 
 in which they live. Cf. FRIARY. Fuller 
 observes that some suppose Jephthah's 
 daughter to have made a vow of per- 
 petual virginity, and gives as his 
 authority in the margin, 
 
 Nicolas Lyra in locum, with most Koman 
 commentators since his time, in hope to found 
 nunnery thereupon. Pisyah Sight, II. iii. 11. 
 
 NURSE-FATHER, nursing-father, fos- 
 terer. 
 
 K. Edward, . . . knowing himself to be a 
 maintainer and Nurse-father of the Church, 
 ordained three new Bishopricks. Holland's 
 Canulen, p. 232. 
 
 NURSE-MOTHER, foster-mother. 
 And thus much briefly of my deare Nurse- 
 mother Oxford. Holland's Camden, p. 383. 
 
 NURSERY, a nurse-child. 
 
 Bethshan was afterwards called Nysa by 
 humane writers (and at last Scythopolis), 
 from Nysa, Bacchus his nurse, whom he is 
 said there solemnly to have buried. A jolly 
 dame no doubt, as appears by the well bat- 
 tling of the plump boy, her nursery. Fuller, 
 Pisyah Siyht, II. viii. 21. 
 
 NURT, to push with the horns. Wen- 
 nel in extract = a calf just weaned. 
 Curst cattle that nurteth 
 Poore wennel soon hurteth. 
 
 Tusser, Huslandne, p. 55. 
 
 NUTRIENT, nourishing. 
 
 How does the young reality, young Sans- 
 culottism, thrive ? The attentive observer 
 can answer. It thrives bravely ; putting 
 forth new buds, expanding the old buds into 
 leaves, into boughs. Is not French existence, 
 as before, most prurient, all loosened, most 
 nutrient for it ?Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. 
 I. ch. ii. 
 
 NUTS, that which pleases one greatly. 
 To be nuts on = to be very fond of. 
 The first extract is a travesty of " Hoc 
 Ithacus velit, hoc magno mercentur 
 Atridw." 
 
 It will be nuts, if my case this is, 
 Both for Atrides and Ulysses. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 15. 
 
 This was nuts to the old Lord, who thought 
 he had outwitted Frank. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 37. 
 
 My aunt is awful nuts on Marcus Aurelius ; 
 I beg your pardon, you don't know the 
 phrase ; my aunt makes Marcus Aurelius 
 her Bible. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xi. 
 
 NYMPH-HAY. 
 
 Old Jaques . . could see from his house 
 the nuns of the priory of St. Mary's (juxta 
 Kiugton) come forth into the nymph-hay 
 with their rocks and wheels to spin, and with 
 their sewing work. Aubrey, Misc., p. 219. 
 
 NYMPHOLEPTIC, nymph-catching ; 
 endeavouring to seize nymphs. Mrs. 
 Browning uses the word again in The 
 Lost Bower. 
 Nymphs of mountain, not of valley, we are 
 
 wont tD call the Muses ; 
 And in nympholeptic climbing poets pass 
 
 from mount to star. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Lady Gcraldine's 
 Courtship.
 
 OADE 
 
 ( 444 ) 
 
 OBJURE 
 
 o 
 
 OADE, woad. 
 
 Somewhat of oade, wines, wainscot, and 
 salt were found in the town. Patten, Exped. 
 to Scotl., 1548 (Eny. Garner, iii. 134). 
 
 OARLESS, without oars. Sylvester 
 (2nd day, 1283) speaks of a ship as 
 ' mast-less, oar-less, and from harbour 
 far." 
 
 OASE, osiers. 
 Som make their roofs with fearn, or reeds, or 
 
 rushes, 
 And som with hides, with oase, with boughs, 
 
 and bushes. 
 
 Sylvester, Handie-Crafts, 367. 
 But then hee sinks ; and, wretched, rould 
 
 along 
 The sands, and Oase, and rocks, and mud 
 
 among. Ibid., Schisme, 1003. 
 
 OATMEAL. To think all the world 
 oatmeal = (perhaps) to consider all 
 the world capable of being devoured 
 or subdued. 
 
 Leosthenes had perswaded the citee of 
 Atheues to make warre, beeyug set agog to 
 thinke all the icorlde otemele, and to imagin 
 the recouering of an high name of freedome 
 and of principalitee or soueraintee. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 329. 
 
 OATMEAL. 
 
 As I hope to live and breathe, I'll, I'll, I'll 
 blow you all up without gunpowder or oat- 
 meal, if an honest gentlemau is thus to be 
 fooled with. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 156. 
 
 OATS. To sow wild oats = to have 
 had one's fling ; and so, to reform. 
 See L., but this is an earlier example of 
 the whole phrase than is given in the 
 Diets. 
 
 We meane that wilfull and unruly age, 
 which lacketh rypeness and discretion, and 
 (as wee saye) hath not sowed all theyr wyeld 
 Oates. Touchstone of Complexions, p. 99 
 (1576). 
 
 OB. See second extract. 
 
 They peep and mutter like Obs and Py- 
 thons, whispering as out of the earth and 
 their bellies, not from their hearts, more 
 dubiously than the Oracles of Apollo, and 
 more obscurely than the Sybil's leaves. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 336. 
 
 It seems worthy of notice that this magical 
 fascination is generally called Obi, and the 
 magicians Obeah men, throughout Guinea, 
 Negroland, &c. ; whilst the Hebrew or Syriac 
 word for the rites of necromancy was Ob or 
 Obh, at least when ventriloquism was con- 
 cerned. De Quincey, Modern Superstition, 
 
 OBAMBULATE, to walk about. 
 
 They do not obambulate and wander up and 
 down, but remain in certain places and re- 
 ceptacles of happiness or unhappiness. 
 Adams, iii. 148. 
 
 OBBRAID, reproach. Patten, relating 
 how Hen. VIII. not only released some 
 Scotch prisoners, but gave them pre- 
 sents, says that he repeats not this to 
 fling such good turns in their teeth, but 
 the subject may " without obbraid of 
 benefits recount the bounty of his 
 Prince's largesse." Exped. to Scotl., 
 1548 (Eny. Garner, iii. 66). 
 
 OBIIT-SONG, funeral song ; dirge. 
 They spice him sweetly, with salt teares 
 
 among, 
 
 And of sad sighes they make their Obiit-song. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 27. 
 
 OBITUAL DAY, anniversary of death. 
 
 Edw. Wells, M.A., student of Ch. Ch., 
 spoke a speech in praise of Dr. John Fell, 
 being his obitual day .... This speech was 
 founded by John Cross, apothecary, one of 
 the executors of the said Dr. Fell. Life of 
 A. Wood, July 10, 1694. 
 
 OBITUARIST, the recorder of a death ; 
 the writer of a notice in memoriam. 
 
 He it was who composed the whole peal 
 of Stedman's triples, 5")40 changes, which 
 his obituarist says had till then been deemed 
 impracticable. Southey, The Doctor, ch. xxxi. 
 
 OBJECT, obstacle. 
 
 To him that putteth not an object or let 
 (I use the schoolmen's words), that is to say, 
 to him that hath no actual purpose of deadly 
 sin [the sacraments] give grace, righteous- 
 ness, forgiveness of sins. Becon, iii. 380. 
 
 OBJECTLESS, purposeless ; without 
 aim or object. 
 
 Strangers would wonder what I am doing, 
 lingering here at the sign-post, evidently 
 objectless and lost. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xxviii. 
 
 OBJECTUAL, eternal ; visible. 
 
 A circular thing implies a perpetuity of 
 motion. It begins from all parts alike, et in 
 seipso desimt, ends absolutely in itself with- 
 out any point or scope objectual to move it. 
 Adams, i. 6. 
 
 Thus far . . concerning the material temple, 
 external or objectual idols. Ibid., ii. 296. 
 
 OBJUHE, to swear. 
 
 As the people only laughed at him, he 
 cried the louder and more vehemently ; nay,
 
 OBLIGATE 
 
 ( 445 ) 
 
 OB SOLE TED 
 
 at last began abjuring, foaming, imprecating. 
 Carlyle, Misc., i. 353. 
 
 OBLIGATE, to oblige : a vulgarism. 
 It is also a technical term among Free- 
 masons. 
 
 A lady in them cases is much to be pitied, 
 for she is obligated to take a man upon his 
 own credit, which is tantamount to no credit 
 at all. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. X. ch. vi. 
 
 The Royal Princes, according to ancient 
 custom, were introduced as Knights of the 
 Temple, and having been properly obligated, 
 were invested as Knights of the Temple and 
 Malta. Standard, Dec. 15, 1879. 
 
 OBLIGEANT, obliging : one o several 
 French words used by North as though 
 they were English. Cf. BRAVEUR, 
 ORAGE, &c. 
 
 It is prodigious that a parcel of monstrous 
 incredible lyes exalted by solemn perjury, 
 shall be thus tenderly treated in the soft and 
 obligeant style of superstructures, and subse- 
 quent additions. North, Examen, p. 193. 
 
 OBLIQUE, to slant or incline. 
 
 He sat upon the edge of his'chair, placed 
 at three feet distance from the table, and 
 achieved a communication with his plate by 
 projecting his person towards it in a line 
 which obliqued from the bottom of his spine. 
 Scott, Waverley, i. 101. 
 
 OBLITE, dim ; smeared over (oblitus). 
 
 Surely the water of them is more clear 
 than the place alleadged out of the Canticles 
 to prove Solomon the author thereof, where 
 but obscure and oblite mention is made of 
 those water-works. Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, II. 
 v. 21. 
 
 OBLIVIONISE, to sink in oblivion. 
 
 I now see him so seldom, so precariously, 
 and with such difficulty to himself, that I am 
 perpetually preparing myself for perceiving 
 his thoughts about me oblivionised. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, v. 129. 
 
 OBMURMURING, objection. 
 Thus, maugre all th' obmurmurinys of sense, 
 We have found an essence incorporeall. 
 
 H. More, Immortality of the Soul, 
 II. ii. 10. 
 
 OBNIXELY, earnestly (Lat. obnixe). 
 The extract is from a letter from E. 
 Codrington to Sir E. Dering, May 24, 
 1641. 
 
 Most humbly and most olnixely I must 
 beseech both them and you. Proceedings in 
 Kent (Camden Soc.). 
 
 OBSCURANTISM, moral darkness. 
 
 No wonder then that these gifted dames 
 had soon to complain of Elsley Vavasour as 
 a traitor to the cause of progress and civil- 
 ization ; a renegade who had fled to the camp 
 
 of aristocracy, flunkeydom, obscurantism, 
 frivolity, and dissipation. Kinysley, Two 
 Years Ago, ch. xi. 
 
 OBSCURANTIST, promoting moral dark- 
 ness. 
 
 You working men complain of the clergy 
 for being bigoted and obscurantist, and hating 
 the cause of the people. C. Kinysley, Altoii 
 Locke, ch. xvii. 
 
 OBSECRATE, to beseech. Richardson 
 writes, "The verb to obsecrate is given 
 by Dr. Nott in his Glossary to Sir 
 Thomas Wyat : it has not occurred 
 to us in the poems." 
 
 It was, however, in vain that Andrew Fair- 
 service employed his lungs in obsecratiny a 
 share of Dougal's protection. Scott, Rob Roy, 
 ii. 223. 
 
 OBSERVABLES, notable things. Fuller 
 is fond of these substantival adjectives. 
 Cf. CONSIDERABLES. MEMORABLES, OCCA- 
 SIONALS, ORNAMENTALS, REMARKABLES. 
 
 Thus satisfied for the main that Herod 
 rebuilt Zorobabel's temple, come we to some 
 memorable observables therein. Fuller, 
 Pisyah Sight, III. (Pt. II.) vii. 1. 
 
 Know most of the rooms of thy native 
 countrcy before thou goest over the thresh- 
 hold thereof ; especially seeing England pre- 
 sents thee with so many observables. Ibid., 
 Holy State, III. iv. 4. 
 
 Some observables on the method and 
 manner of their meeting. Ibid., Ch. Hist., 
 II. iv. 3, margin. 
 
 OBSERVAL, observation. 
 
 The full force of the libel will not appear 
 without & previous observal of what has been 
 said of them. North, Examen, p. 659. 
 
 OBSERVER, flatterer. 
 His just contempt of jesters, parasites, 
 Servile observers, and polluted tongues. '. 
 Chapman, Revenue of Bussy D'Ambois, 
 Act IV. 
 
 OBSIDIOUS, besetting (from without). 
 
 Lock up this vessel with the key of faith, 
 bar it with resolution against sin, guard it 
 with supervisiting diligence, and repose it in 
 the bosom of thy Saviour. There it is safe 
 from all obsidious or insidious oppugnations, 
 from the reach of fraud or violence. Adams, 
 i. 261. 
 
 OBSIGN, to seal. 
 
 The sacrament of His Body and Blood, 
 whereby He doth represent, and unto our 
 faith give and obsiyn unto us Himself wholly, 
 with all the merits and glory of His Body 
 and Blood. Bradford, p. 395. 
 
 OBSOLETED, out of date. 
 Those [books] that as to authority are 
 obsoleted, go rounder off-hand, because they
 
 OBSOLETISM ( 446 ) 
 
 OCHRE 
 
 require little common-placing. North, Ex- 
 amen, p. 24. 
 
 The defendant appeared, and pleaded to 
 issue in battle, which law was then and is 
 yet in force, though obsoleted. Ibid., Life of 
 Lord Guilford, i. 130. 
 
 OBSOLETISM, an archaism. 
 
 Does then the warrant of a single person 
 validate a ueoterism, or, what is scarcely dis- 
 tinguishable therefrom, a resuscitated 6b- 
 soletism ? Hall, Modern, English, p. 35. 
 
 DESTINATION, obstinacy. 
 There was false lawe with oryble vengeaunce, 
 Frowarde obstynacyon with myschevous go- 
 
 vernaunce. 
 Hycke-Scorner (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., i. 90). 
 
 The stone of obstination must be taken 
 away from our hearts, ere we can hear thy 
 reviving voice. Bp. Hall, Cont. (Lazarus 
 raised). 
 
 OB8TINED, hardened ; made obstinate. 
 You that doo shut your eyes against the 
 
 rayes 
 Of glorious light, which shineth in our 
 
 dayes ; 
 Whose spirits self - obstin'd in old musty 
 
 error 
 Repulse the Truth. 
 
 Sylvester, Hie Magnificence, 1274. 
 
 OBSTREPERATE, to make a loud noise. 
 
 Thump, thump, thump, obstrepcrated the 
 abbess of Andouillets with the end of her 
 gold-headed cane against the bottom of the 
 calesh. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, v. 120. 
 
 OBSTROPULOUS, vulgar corruption of 
 obstreperous. 
 
 I'll be hanged, said she, if Sawny "Waddle 
 the pedlar has not got up in a dream and 
 done it, for I heard him very obstropulous in 
 his sleep. Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. viii. 
 
 I'm sure you did not treat Miss Hard- 
 castle, that was here a while ago, in this 
 olistropalous manner. Goldsmith, Shz stoops 
 to conquer, Act III. 
 
 OBSTUPE FACTION, the state of being 
 stunned or stupefied, as with grief, 
 amazement, &c. 
 
 I leave also Sophronio preparing for his 
 journey, and inexpressible it is what a black 
 kind of obstupefaction and regret all the 
 world was possessed withal in Elaiana's 
 court. Howell, Dodona's Grove, p. 109. 
 
 OBTESIPER, to obey. 
 
 The feruent desire which I had to obtemper 
 vnto your Majestie's commandement . . . en- 
 couraged mee. Hudson's Judith (Ep. Dedic.). 
 
 OBTENTION, procurement: a word 
 coined by Mad. D'Arblay to signify 
 that which is obtained. 
 
 There was no possibility of granting a 
 
 pension to a foreigner, who resided in his 
 own country, while that country was at open 
 war with the laud whence he aspired at its 
 obtention, a word I make for my passing con- 
 venieLce. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vii. 140. 
 
 OBTORTION, twisting. 
 
 Whereupon have issued those strange ob- 
 tortions of some particular prophecies to 
 private interests. Bp. Hall, Works, viii. 509. 
 
 OBTRECTATOR, a slanderer. 
 
 Some were of a very strict life, and a 
 great deal more laborious in their cure than 
 their obtrectators. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 95. 
 
 The blast that help'd to blow down this 
 cedar was the breath of obtrectators and tale- 
 bearers./^., ii. 19. 
 
 OBTURATION, stopping up anything 
 by smearing something over it. 
 
 Some are deaf by an outward obturation, 
 whether by the prejudice of the Teacher, or 
 by secular occasions and distractions. Bp. 
 Hall, Cont. (Deaf and Dumb). 
 
 OBVIATE, to meet ; seldom found in 
 the literal meaning. The first extract 
 is quoted in Dr. Hall's Modern Eng- 
 lish, p. 111. It is put in the mouth of 
 " Signieur Worde - monger, the ape of 
 eloquence," and is a skit on pedantic 
 and affected expressions. 
 
 As on the way I itenerated [sic] 
 
 A rurall person I obviated. 
 
 S. Rowlands, Knave of Clubbs, 1600. 
 Our reconciliation with Rome is clogged 
 with the same impossibilities ; she may be 
 gone to, but will never be met with ; such 
 her pride or peevishness not to stir a step to 
 obviate any of a different religion. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., XL ix. 74. 
 
 OCCASIONALS, impromptus. For 
 similar instances of substantive-adjec- 
 tives, see OBSERVABLES. 
 "Hereat Mr. Dod (the flame of whose zeal 
 turned all accidents into fuel) fell into a 
 pertinent and seasonable discourse (as none 
 better at occasional) of what power men 
 have more than they know of themselves to 
 refrain from sin. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. ix. 
 82. 
 
 OCHIDORE, shore-crab. 
 
 "O! the ochidoi'e! look to the blue ochi- 
 dore. Who've put ochidore to maister's 
 pole ? " It was too true ; neatly inserted, 
 as he stooped forward, between his neck and 
 his collar, was a large live shore-crab, hold- 
 ing on tight with both hands. Kingsley, 
 Westward Ho, ch. ii. 
 
 OCHRE, money, from the colour of 
 gold (slang).
 
 OCIVITY 
 
 ( 447 ) 
 
 OFFENDICLE 
 
 If you want to cheek us, pay your ochre 
 at the doors aud take it out. Dickens, Hard 
 Times, ch. vi. 
 
 OCIVITY, sloth. 
 
 We owe to ourselves the eschewing and 
 avoiding of idleness and ocivity. Hooper, ii. 
 
 OCTASTIC, a stanza of eight lines. 
 
 They found out their sentence as it is 
 metrified in this octastic. UrquJiart, Ra- 
 belais, Bk. III. ch. xvii. 
 
 OCTAVE, a stanza of eight lines. 
 With mournful melodic it continued this 
 octave. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 351. 
 
 OCTOBER, ale, from the month in 
 which it was brewed. See quotation 
 s. v. STIRE. Emerson, who is speaking 
 of England in the seventeenth century, 
 seerns to be unaware that it was simply 
 ale. 
 
 Ld. Sm. Tom Neverout, will you taste a 
 glass of the October ? 
 
 Nev. No, faith, my lord, I like your wine ; 
 and I won't put a churl upon a gentleman. 
 Sioift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 We sat over a tankard of October. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 77. 
 
 The country gentlemen had a posset or 
 drink they called October. Emerson, English 
 Traits, ch. xiv. 
 
 ODD, different. 
 
 How ferre odde those persones are from 
 the nature of this prince whiche neuer 
 thinken theim selfes to be praysed enough. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 185. 
 
 ODD-COME-SHORTLY, a chance or in- 
 definite time. 
 
 Col. Miss, when will you be married ? 
 
 Miss. One of these odd-come-shortlies, 
 Colonel. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. 
 i.). 
 
 They say she is to be married and off to 
 England ane of thae odd-come-shortlies wi' 
 some of the gowks about the Waal down-by. 
 Scott, St. Itonan's Well, i. 303. 
 
 ODDMENTS, trifles ; remnants. 
 
 I have still so many book oddments of 
 accounts, examinations, directions, and little 
 household affairs to arrange. Mad. D'Ar- 
 blay, Diary, vi. 54. 
 
 ODEMAN, writer of an ode. 
 Edward and Harry were much braver men 
 Than this new-christened hero of thy pen ; 
 
 Yes, laurelled Odetnan, braver far by half. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 18. 
 
 ODIST, writer of an ode. 
 
 We hardly know which to consider as the 
 greater object of compassion in this case 
 the original odist thus parodied by his friend, 
 
 or the mortified Parodist thus mutilated by 
 his printer. Poetry of A ntijacobin, p. 24. 
 
 ODOUABLE, capable of being smelt. 
 
 The Philosopher gathers a triple pro- 
 portion, to wit, the arithmeticall, the geo- 
 metricall, and the musicall. And by one of 
 these three is euery other proportion guided 
 of the things that haue conueniencie by re- 
 lation, as the visible by light, colour, and 
 shadow ; the audible by stirres times and 
 accents ; the odorable by sraelles of sundry 
 temperaments ; the tastible by sauours to 
 the rate, the tangible by his objects in this 
 or that regard. Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. 
 II. ch. i. 
 
 ODORLESS, without smell. 
 It is tasteless, but not odorless. E. A. 
 Poe, Hans Pfaal (i. 8). 
 
 ODOURED, perfumed : ill-odoured = 
 unsavoury. 
 
 His eyes and his very thoughts are not his 
 own, and are wholly directed to a gilded, 
 nauseous, ill-odoured idol. Godwin, Mande- 
 ville, i. 250. 
 
 OEILLBT. See extract. 
 
 The parapet often had the merlons pierced 
 with long chinks ending in round holes called 
 oeillets.Arch., xii. 147 (1796). 
 
 (ENOMEL, mixture of wine and honey. 
 So to come back to the drinking 
 
 Of this Cyprus it is well, 
 But those memories, to my thinking, 
 Make a better aenomel. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Wine of Cyprus. 
 
 OFFCAST, rubbish ; something re- 
 jected. 
 
 The offcasts of all the professions doctors 
 without patients, lawyers without briefs. 
 Savaye, E. Medlicott, Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 OFF-CHOP, to chop off. 
 Her head shee felt with whiffing steel off- 
 chopt. 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st. 41. 
 
 OFF- CUTTING, cutting off: offcut 
 (substantive) is a technical term in 
 printing. See L. 
 
 Besides th' off-cutting of all passages, 
 As well of succours as of forrages. 
 
 Sylvester, Panaretus, 779. 
 
 OFFENCE, to offend. 
 
 All the world, by thee offenced, 
 With such a present may be recompenced. 
 Hudson, Judith, vi. 323. 
 
 OFFENDANT, offender. 
 
 If the offendant did consider the griefe and 
 shame of punishment, he would containe him- 
 selfe within the compasse of a better course. 
 Breton, Packet of Letters, p. 43. 
 
 OFFENDICLE, a stumbling-block. The
 
 OFFENSIBLE 
 
 ( 448 ) 
 
 OIL WA Y 
 
 second extract is quoted in Pilkington's 
 works, but is part of a Romish tract, 
 published 1561. 
 
 What is a slander to offend or to be 
 offendicle to any man ? Becon, iii. 610. 
 
 As the prophet Jeremy says, " They have 
 put offendicles in the house of God and pol- 
 luted it." Pilkington, p. 484. 
 
 OFFENSIBLE. In the extract Breton 
 is speaking of the Incarnation, and 
 seems to mean that the Divine glory 
 without such vail of flesh would have 
 been too much for man. 
 This essence all incomprehensible, 
 
 Yet willing in His mercies to be knowne, 
 That glorie might not be offensible, 
 
 That in a shadowe onely should be showne. 
 Breton, Rauisht Soule, p. 7. 
 
 OFFENSIVE, usually giving offence, 
 but in the extract = taking it. 
 
 I still feared to dare so haute an attempt 
 to so braue a personage ; lest she offensiut 
 at my presumption, I perish in the height 
 of my thoughts. Greene, Menaphon, p. 53. 
 
 OFFICE. To give the office = to help, 
 or hint, or play into the hands of. 
 
 I'll give you tlie office ; I'll mark you down 
 for a good claim. Reade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. lix. 
 
 "You're not a deceiving imp ? you brought 
 no one with you ? " " No, sir, no ! " " Nor 
 giv' no one the office to follow you ? " " No." 
 Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. iii. 
 
 OFFICIARY, subordinate. 
 
 The City and Siguiory of Geneva . . was 
 governed by officiary and titular Earls. 
 Heylin, Hist, of Presbyterianism, p. 3. 
 
 OFFICINE, office-room. A section in 
 Fuller's Ch.' Hist., Bk. VI. p. 284, is 
 headed, " Of the prime officers and 
 qfficines of Abbeys." 
 
 OFFICIOUS is now always used in a 
 bad sense, of one who is fussy or too 
 forward in proffering services. The 
 subjoined is an example of the better 
 meaning, of a later date by nearly a 
 century than any given in the Diets. 
 
 They were tolerably well-bred ; very offi- 
 cious, humane, and hospitable ; in their con- 
 versation frank and open. Burke, on French 
 Revolution, p. 111. 
 
 OFFSCOMS, contemptible people. L. 
 has offscum as an adjective. 
 I see the drift. These offscums all at once, 
 Too idlely pampred, plot rebellions. 
 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 328. 
 
 OFF-SHAKE, to shake off. 
 His fruit, yer ripe, shall be off-shaken all. 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, ii. 76. 
 
 OGDOASTIC, a stanza of eight lines. 
 
 It will not be much out of the byas to in- 
 sert (in this Oydoastique) a few verses of the 
 Latine which was spoken in that age. 
 Howell, Forraine Travell, sect. xi. 
 
 OGIVE, having a Gothic arch. 
 The large ogive window that lighted the hall. 
 Inyoldsby Legends (St. Romwold}. 
 
 OGKILLON, a little ogre. 
 
 "What treatment of his wife, what abuse 
 and brutal behaviour to his children, who, 
 though ogrillons, are children! Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, xv. 
 
 OIL, study, as at night by lamp- 
 light. Pytheas told Demosthenes 
 (Plutarch's Life of Demosthenes, ch. viii.) 
 that all his arguments smelt of the lamp 
 ((\\VXV'KV o&iv). In Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 370, this is rendered " smell 
 of the candle." 
 
 In reason whereof, I am perswaded, that 
 none of indifferent judgemente, shall think 
 his oyle and labour lost. Touchstone of Com- 
 plexions, Preface, p. vii. 
 In our first gamesome age our doting sires, 
 Carked and cared to have us lettered, 
 Sent us to Cambridge, where our oyl is spent. 
 Return from Parnassus, iii. 5. 
 
 OIL OF ANGELS, a gift or bribe of 
 money, the reference being of course 
 to the coin, angel. 
 
 Lawyers are troubled with the heat of the 
 liver, which makes the palms of their hands 
 so hot, that they cannot be cool'd, unlesse 
 they be rub'd with the oile of angels. Greene, 
 Quip for Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 
 407). ' 
 
 I have seen him 
 
 Cap a pie gallant, and his stripes wash'd off 
 With oil of ant/els. 
 
 Massinyer, Duke of Milan, iii. 2. 
 
 OIL OF HOLLY, a beating. N. has oil 
 of boston and oil of whip with the same 
 meaning. 
 
 The oil of holly shall prove a present 
 remedy for a shrewd housewife. Pennyless 
 Parliament, 1608 (Harl. Misc., i. 183). 
 
 OIL OF SWALLOWS. See quotation. 
 Southey says in a note that he has 
 known it applied in the present century. 
 
 For broken bones, bones out of joint, or 
 any grief in the bones or sinews, oil of 
 swallows was pronounced exceeding sove- 
 reign, and this was to be procured by pound- 
 ing twenty live swallows in a mortar with 
 about as many different herbs. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. xxiv. 
 
 OILWAY, a hole made for the purpose 
 of receiving oil to lubricate hinges, &c.
 
 OTMEE 
 
 ( 449 ) 
 
 OLIVARIAN 
 
 A curious illustration of the portcullis is 
 seen over the entrance of Goodrich Castle ; 
 a circular aperture in the wall on either side 
 shows where its roller worked ; an oblique 
 perforation in the stone served as an oilway 
 to render its revolutions easier. Arch., xxix. 
 6-2 (1841). 
 
 OIMEE, alas ! This Anglicized form 
 of the Greek alpo* seems to have puzzled 
 a former reader of Howell, for in my 
 copy obscene is suggested in a marginal 
 annotation in an apparently contempo- 
 rary handwriting. The speaker in the 
 extract is an otter who was once a 
 man. 
 
 How is this ? I not only hear, but I under- 
 stand the voice of a man. Oiinee! I am 
 afraid that Morphandra hath a purpose to 
 retransform me, and make me put on human 
 shape again. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 5. 
 
 OLD-CATTISH, old-maidish. 
 Don't I begin to talk in an old-cattish 
 manner of cards? Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 i. 303. 
 
 OLDEN, to age. 
 
 He looked very much oldened, and it seemed 
 as if the contest and defeat had quite broken 
 him. Thackeray, Pendennis, ch. Ixx. 
 
 He looks terribly ill, pale, and oldened. 
 Ibid., Keiccomes, ch. Ixviii. 
 
 OLD GENTLEMAN, a euphemism for the 
 devil. 
 
 I know not who'll take 'em for saints, but 
 the old cjentleman in black. T. Brown, Works, 
 iii. 102. 
 
 We have a genuine witch in the house, 
 who is in close alliance with the old yentle- 
 man. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xviii. 
 
 OLD GOOSEBERRY, like Old Scratch, or 
 Old Harry, a familiar name for the 
 devil. 
 
 In your tower there's a pretty to-do ; 
 All the people of Shrewsbury playing Old 
 Gooseberry 
 
 "With your choice bits of taste and vertu. 
 Ingoldsby Let/ends (Bloudie Jack). 
 
 I'll play Old Gooseberry with the office, 
 and make you glad to buy me out at a good 
 high figure. Dickens, Martin Chuzdeu-it, 
 ch. xxxviii. 
 
 He ran in his breeches and slippers down 
 the . lawn, and began blowing up like Old 
 Gooseberry. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe,ch. Ixiv. 
 
 OLDGREY, an ancient ; a greybeard. 
 Hee 'rested wylf ul lyk a wayward obstinat 
 oldarey. Stanyhurst, -5?n., ii. 679. 
 
 OLD-MAIDISH, like an old maid ; and 
 so, particular, fidgety. 
 
 Her cousin Miss Dorothy, who lives with 
 her, and began, you know, to grow rather 
 
 old-maidish, as we say, ma'am, made a sudden 
 conquest of Mr. Bumper. Colman, The Deuce 
 is in him, ii. 1. 
 
 Lord, child, don't be so precise and old- 
 maidish. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. V. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 It is really pitiable to see such feelings in 
 a woman of her age, with those old-maidish 
 little ringlets. G. Eliot, Janet's Repentance, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 OLD-MAIDISM, state of being an old 
 maid ; advanced spinsterhood. 
 
 The Miss Linnets were in that temperate 
 zone of old-maidism, when a woman will not 
 say but that if a man of suitable years and 
 character were to offer himself, she might 
 be induced to tread the remainder of life's 
 vale in company with him. G. Eliot, Janet's 
 Repentance, ch. iii. 
 
 OLD MAN, southern wood ; also called 
 LAD'S LOVE, q. v. 
 
 A few berry bushes, a black currant tree 
 or two, ... a cabbage bed, a bush of sage, 
 and balm, and thyme, and marjoram, with 
 possibly a rose-tree and old man growing in 
 the midst, . . . such plants made up a well- 
 furnished garden to a farm-house. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. i. 
 
 OLDSTER, an elderly or grown - up 
 person. 
 
 I became the "William Tell of the party, 
 as having been the first to resist the tyranny 
 of the oldsters. Marryat, Frank Mildmay, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 I know oldsters who have a savage pleasure 
 in making boys drunk. Thackeray, Misc., 
 ii. 343. 
 
 A more ill-mannered fellow I never saw in 
 my life ; to go away and hide yourself with 
 that lovely young wife of yours, and leave all 
 us oldsters to bore one another to death. 
 H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. xlvi. 
 
 OLD TOM, a name fora strong sort of 
 gin. See quotation, s. vv. BLUE-RUIN ; 
 NOBLER. According to Jon Bees Slang 
 Diet., 1823, the term is properly appli- 
 cable to the cask containing the liquor. 
 
 There are two side-aisles of great casks, 
 painted green and gold, enclosed within a 
 light brass rail, and bearing such inscriptions 
 as "Old Tom, 549," "Young Tom, 360," 
 " Samson, 1421 " ; the figures agreeing, we 
 presume, with gallons understood. Sketches 
 by Boz (Gin-shops). 
 
 OLIVADER, of an olive hue. 
 
 The Queene ariv'd with a traiue of Portu- 
 guese ladies in their monstrous fardingals or 
 guard - infantas, their complexions olivader 
 and sufficiently unagreeable. Evelyn, Diary, 
 May 30, 1682. 
 
 OLIVARIAN, Cromwellian. 
 Monday a terrible raging wind hapned, 
 G G
 
 OLIVER 
 
 ( 45 ) ONEIROCRITE 
 
 which did much hurt. Dennis Bond, a great 
 Olivarian and antimonarchist, died on that 
 day, and then the Devil took Bond for 
 Oliver's appearance. Life of A. Wood, Aug. 
 30, 1658. 
 
 It would have been somewhat difficult to 
 have inspired Mrs. Willis with a cordial 
 sentiment for an Olivarian or a republican. 
 Godwin, Mandeville, iii. 285. 
 
 OLIVER. Sweet Oliver seems = good 
 fellow. 
 
 One boone you must not refuse mee in (if 
 you be boni socii, and sweete Olivers). Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 180). 
 
 OLOGIES. The sciences are sometimes 
 spoken of under this name, ology being 
 the termination of the name of several 
 of them. Cf. ISMS. 
 
 She had attended a world of fashionable 
 lectures, and was therefore supposed to 
 understand Chemistry, Geology, Philology, 
 and a hundred other oloyies. Wares, Thinks- 
 I-to-myself, i. 68. 
 
 OMISSIBLE, capable of being omitted 
 or dispensed with. 
 
 He brings to light things new and old ; 
 now precious illustrative private documents, 
 now the poorest public heaps of mere pamph- 
 leteer and parliamentary matter, so attain- 
 able elsewhere, often so omissible were it not 
 to be attained. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 71. 
 
 OMNI-ERUDITE, universally learned. 
 
 If, however, he followed the example of 
 Peiresc without choosing to mention his 
 name, that omni-erudite man himself is likely 
 to have seen the books from whence Gaff arel 
 derived his knowledge. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. xcv. 
 
 OMNIFY, to make everything of. 
 
 He affects nothing more, nothing else in a 
 manner than ... to cry down and nullify all 
 other excellencies whatsoever, that he might 
 . . . magnify or rather, as you see (Col. iii. 
 11) omnify his Lord and Master Christ. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 3. 
 
 OMNIPARENT, parent of all. 
 O Thou all powreful-kind Omniparent, 
 What holds Thy hands that should defend 
 
 Thy head ? 
 Is sinne so strong or so omnivalent 
 
 That by her pow'r Thy pow'r is van- 
 quished ? Davies, Holy Roode, p. 12. 
 
 OMNI-PREVALENT, having entire in- 
 fluence. 
 
 Being Chaplain to the Earl of Dunbar, 
 then omni-prevalent with King James, he 
 was unexpectedly preferred Archbishop of 
 Canterbury. Fuller, Worthies, Surrey (ii. 
 360). 
 
 OMNIREGENCY, universal rule. 
 
 The Omniregency of Divine Providence is 
 tlie Tree of Life in the midst of the garden 
 of the world. Racket. Life of Williams, i. 
 38. 
 
 OMNI-SIGNIFICANCE, universal mean- 
 ing. 
 
 The conspicuous and capacious, &c., which 
 in its omni-siynificance may promise anything, 
 and yet pledges the writer to nothing. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. xciii. 
 
 OMNISUFFICIENT, all-sufficient. 
 
 These staffs princes must lean upon, being 
 such Gods as die like men, and such masters 
 as are neither omni sufficient nor independent. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 103. 
 
 OMNIVALENCE, omnipotence. 
 This shewes the Sire's compleat omnipotence, 
 
 That still begets a Sonne as great as He ; 
 Which Sonne is but the Sire's Intelligence, 
 
 Making another one Omnivalence. 
 
 Davies, Summa Totalis, p. 17. 
 
 OMNIVALENT, all-powerful. See ex- 
 tract s. v. OMNIPARENT. 
 
 OMNIVIDENCY, universal inspection. 
 
 It is well they had so much modesty as 
 not to pretend inspection into the Book of 
 Life, seeing all other books have come under 
 their Omnividencie. Fuller, Worthies, ch. x. 
 
 OMOPLATOSCOPY. See extract. 
 
 The principal art of this kind is divination 
 by a shoulder-blade, technically called sca- 
 pulimancy or omoplatoscopy. E. Tylor, 
 Primitive Culture, i. 124. 
 
 ONBETHINK, think on. 
 
 Now for my cousins John aud Jeremiah ; 
 they are rich i' world's gear, but they'll prize 
 what I leave 'em if I could only onbethink 
 me what they would like. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. vii. 
 
 ONCOMING, approach. 
 
 We are angered ... by hearing in hard 
 distinct syllables from the lips of a near 
 observer, those confused murmurs which we 
 try to call morbid, and strive against as if 
 they wre the oncoming of madness. G. 
 Eliot, Middletnarch, ch. xx. 
 
 ONE AND TWENTY, a youth. 
 
 The young Squire first took the pet, then 
 clouds began to rise, which made me expect 
 a tempest, nor was I deceived in my conjec- 
 ture . . . you would have thought this one and 
 twenty came in a direct line from Hercules, 
 he played the Furioso so lively. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 19. 
 
 ONEIROCRITE, a judge or interpreter 
 of dreams. See second extract s. v. 
 ONEIROLOGIRT. 
 
 It is requisite for the better reading, ex- 
 plaining, aud unfolding of these somniatory
 
 ONETROLOGIST ( 451 ) ONYGOPHAGIST 
 
 vaticinations and predictions of that nature, 
 that a dexterous, learned, skilful, wise, in- 
 dustrious, expert, rational, and peremptory 
 expounder or interpreter be pitched upon, 
 such a one as by the Greeks is called Oniro- 
 crit or Ouiropolist. Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. xiii. 
 
 ONEIROLOGIST. See second quotation. 
 There is a book still extant on the 
 interpretation of dreams by Artemi- 
 dorus. 
 
 Hear how Artemidorus, not the oneirolo- 
 gist, but the great philosopher at the court 
 of the Emperor Sferamond, describes the 
 appearances which he had observed in dis- 
 secting some of those unfortunate persons 
 who had died of love. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. Ixxvi. 
 
 The oneirocrites or oneiroloyists, as they 
 who pretended to lay down rules for the 
 interpretation of dreams call themselves, say 
 that if any one dreams he has the head of a 
 horse on his shoulders instead of his own, it 
 betokens poverty and servitude. Ibid., ch. 
 cxxviii. 
 
 ONEIROPOLIST, an interpreter of 
 dreams. See quotation s. v. ONEIRO- 
 
 CRITE. 
 
 ONE OR OTHER, altogether; beyond 
 comparison. 
 
 My dear, you are positively, one or other, 
 the most censorious creature in the world. 
 Gibber, Careless Husband, Act V. 
 
 I declare 'twas a design, one or other, the 
 best carry 'd on that ever I knew in my life. 
 Ibid. 
 
 Indiana has, one or other, the prettiest face 
 I ever saw. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. I. 
 ch. ii. 
 
 ONERATE, to load. 
 
 I will not onerate and overcharge your 
 stomachs with too much meat at once. 
 Becon, i. (57. 
 
 Kilvert onerated the Bishop with ten 
 charges together. Racket, Life of Williams, 
 II. 122. 
 
 ONE-SIDED, partial ; taking in only one 
 side. De Quincey in a note to the ex- 
 tract says, " It marks the rapidity with 
 which new phrases float themselves into 
 currency under our present omnipre- 
 sence of the press, that this word, now 
 (viz., in 1853) familiarly used in every 
 newspaper, then (viz., in 1833) required 
 a sort of apology to warrant its intro- 
 duction." 
 
 Those features of your town will illustrate 
 what the Germans mean by a one-sided (ein- 
 seitiyer) judgment. Autob. Sketches, i. 290. 
 
 ONFALL, attack. See quotation s. v. 
 HOUSE-MOTHER. 
 
 Nay, look : green uniforms faced with red ; 
 black cockades, the colour of night ! Are we 
 to have military onfall, and death also by 
 starvation? Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 ONIONED, flavoured with an onion. 
 In the extract it is applied to a tear not 
 genuine, but produced by smelling an 
 onion. 
 
 Master Broadbrim, like a hopeful heir, 
 Pored o'er his father's will, and dropped the 
 
 onioned tear. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 58. 
 
 ONLOOKER, a spectator or looker-on. 
 
 You may rely upon me for knowing the 
 times and the seasons adapted to the different 
 stages of a work which is not to be mea- 
 sured by the facile conjectures of ignorant 
 onlookers. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xx. 
 
 ONLY, except. In the sense of " except 
 that " it is common in the Bible and 
 elsewhere (see Macaulay's Hut., Vol. 
 III. p. 32, note). 
 
 Here, take all the trinkets, only the bait 
 that I'll use. The Committee, Act V. 
 
 This morning Captain Cocke comes, and 
 tells me that he is now assured that it is true 
 what he told me the other day, that our 
 whole office will be turned out, only me, 
 which whether he says true or not, I know 
 not. Pepys, Aug. 22, 166S. 
 
 I have written day and night, I may say, 
 ever since Sunday morning, only church-time 
 or the like of that. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 i. 248. 
 
 ONOMATOLOGIST, student of names. 
 
 "What would our onomatoloyist have said 
 if he had learned to read these words? 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. clxxvi. 
 
 ONTOLOGIC, having to do with on- 
 tology, or the science of being. 
 
 My father and my uncle Toby's discourse 
 upon Time and Eternity was a discourse 
 devoutly to be wished for ; and the petu- 
 lancy of my father's humour in putting a 
 stop to it as he did, was a robbery of the 
 Ontoloyic Treasury of .... a jewel. Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, ii. 181. 
 
 ONUS, burden. This Latin word is 
 naturalized. 
 
 I again move the introduction of a new 
 topic, ... on me be the onus of bringing it 
 forward. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 ONYGOPHAGIST, one who bites his 
 nails. 
 
 I was sitting at my desk, pen in hand and 
 in mouth at the same time (a substitute 
 for biting the nails which I recommend to 
 all onyyophayists). Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 iii. Ai. 
 
 G G 2
 
 OORALI 
 
 ( 452 ) OPINIASTRETY 
 
 OORALI, curare : both of which names 
 are forms of a South American word 
 applied by the Indians of Spanish 
 Guiana and North Brazil to a poisonous 
 extract in which they dip their arrows. 
 It is obtained from some plant, perhaps 
 the Paullinia Cururu of the soap- 
 wort family. The object of its ad- 
 ministration in cases of vivisection 
 would be to produce a sedative action 
 upon the muscles, so as to prevent 
 struggling, whilst the vital functions 
 remained unaffected. This poison is 
 excluded from the anaesthetics allowed 
 under the Vivisection Act. 
 
 I could think he was one of those who would 
 
 break their jests on the dead, 
 And mangle the living dog that had loved 
 
 him and fawn'd at his knee, 
 Drench'd with the hellish oorali. 
 
 Tennyson, In the Children's Hospital. 
 
 OPACULAR, opaque. 
 
 The main good these things do is only to 
 clarify the understanding, previous to the 
 application of the argument itself, in order 
 to free it from any little motes or specks of 
 opacular matter. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, ii. 
 185. 
 
 OPEN, used substantially for open 
 country. 
 
 Then should we make a burst to get clear 
 of the trees, and should soon find ourselves 
 in the open. Dickens, Uncommercial Travel- 
 ler, xi. 
 
 Between the dark green lines of the 
 hedges we met maidens in white with scar- 
 let opera-cloaks, coming home through the 
 narrow lane : then we got into the open, and 
 found the shores of the silver lake. Black, 
 Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. ixvi. 
 
 OPEN-BATTOOKING, knouting (?) 
 A Russian judge . . fears the boiling caul- 
 dron or open-battocking . Ward, Sermons, 
 p. 124. 
 
 OPEN-DOORED, very receptive ; hos- 
 pitable. 
 
 Some, 
 Whose ears are open-doored to phantoms, 
 
 swear 
 "When they would sleep b' nights they hear 
 
 the voice 
 That was, they're pleased to say, ne'er born 
 
 of man, 
 And scared the synod. 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, iv. 1. 
 
 Enter, therefore, and partake 
 The slender entertainment of a house 
 Once rich, now poor, but ever open-door j d. 
 
 Tennyson, Geraint and Eneid. 
 
 OPEN-HANDEDNESS, liberality: open- 
 handed being opposed to close-fisted. 
 
 The banker had given him a hundred 
 pounds. Various motives urged Bulstrode 
 to this open-handedness. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. Ixviii. 
 
 OPEN-TAIL, a name given to the med- 
 lar, as being a laxative ; also a light 
 woman. 
 Kate still exclaimes against great medlers, 
 
 A busie-body hardly she abides. . . 
 I muse her stomacke now so much should 
 
 faile 
 To loathe a medlar, being an open-taile. 
 
 Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 10. 
 
 OPERANT, a workman. 
 
 No Egyptian taskmaster ever devised a 
 slavery like to that, our slavery. No frac- 
 tious operants ever turned out for half the 
 tyranny which this necessity exercised upon 
 us. Last Essays of Elia (Newspapers thirty- 
 five years ago). 
 
 OPHIOLATRY, serpent- worship. 
 
 For a single description of negro ophiolatry 
 may be cited Bosnian's description from 
 Whydah in the Bight, of Benin. E. Tylor, 
 Primitive Culture, ii. 233. 
 
 OPHITE, green porphyry: the spell- 
 ing in the first extract may be a mis- 
 print. 
 
 At the head of the former stands a column 
 of opite, on which is a statue of Justice. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 22, 1644. 
 
 Towards the left are the statues of Ro- 
 mulus and Remus with the Wolf, all of 
 brasse, plac'd on a column of ophite stone 
 which they report was brought from the 
 renowned Ephesian temple. Ibid., Oct. 25, 
 1644. 
 
 OPIATED, drugged with a narcotic. 
 The opiated milk glews np the brain. 
 
 Verses prefixed to Kennel's Erasmus, 
 Praise of Folly. 
 
 OPILESTONE, perhaps the same as 
 ophite, q. v. 
 
 It is placed, as I remember, on a pillar of 
 opilestone, with divers other antiq urnes. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 19, 1644. 
 
 OPINANT, one who forms an opinion. 
 
 The opinions differ pretty much according 
 to the nature of the opinants. Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, iv. 
 
 OPINIASTER, an obstinate, self-willed 
 person. 
 
 As for lesser projects, and those opiniasters 
 which make up plebeian parties, I know 
 my lines to be diametrall against them. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 12 (Preface). 
 
 OPINIASTRETY, obstinacy. R. and L.
 
 OP1NIATRE 
 
 ( 453 ) 
 
 GRANGER Y 
 
 have opiniatrety ; the latter says, " This 
 word, though it has been tried in dif- 
 ferent forms, is not yet received, nor 
 is it wanted." 
 
 But though these Protestants were wor- 
 thy of this contumely, yet surely the .Roman- 
 ists are no fit persons to object it, whose 
 opiniastrety did hinder an uniform Reforma- 
 tion of the Western Church. BramhalL ii. 
 71. 
 
 And little thinks Heretick madness, she 
 At God Himself lifts up her desperate heels, 
 "Whene'er her proud Opiniastrete 
 Against Ecclesiastick Sanctions swells. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xvi. st. 203. 
 
 OPINIATRE seems in extract to be 
 used as a verb = to follow one's own 
 opinion obstinately. The Diets, give it 
 as substantive and adjective. 
 
 It is common in consults for doctors to 
 differ; and Dr. Short might differ from 
 what opinion prevailed, but, in the case of a 
 king, must not opiniatre, when the cause 
 was regularly by consult law carried against 
 him. North, Exainen, p. 649. 
 
 OPISOMETER, an instrument for mea- 
 suring curved lines in a map. 
 
 The contents of Mr. Stanford's shop 
 seemed to have been scattered about the 
 room, and Bell had armed herself with an 
 opisometer, which gave her quite an air of 
 importance. Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 OPOROPOLIST. See quotation. 
 
 A certain man stood at a fruiterer's stall, 
 or oporopolisfs, if you would have it in Greek. 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 219. 
 
 OPPIGNORATION, a pledge. 
 
 The form and manner of swearing . . . 
 by oppiynoration, or engaging of some good 
 which we would riot lose ; as, Our rejoicing 
 in Christ, our salvation, God's help, &c. 
 Andrewes, Sermons, v. 74. 
 
 OPPLETION, fulness: repletion is the 
 more common word. 
 
 Health of the body is not recovered with- 
 out pain ; an imposthume calls for a lance, 
 and oppletion for unpalatable evacuatories. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 309. 
 
 OPPORTUNEFUL, propitious. 
 If we let slip this opportuneful hour, 
 Take leave of fortune. 
 
 Middleton, Mayor of Quinboroityh, 
 Act IV. 
 
 OPPOSE, to offer or propose. 
 Let his true picture through your laud be 
 
 sent, 
 Opposing great rewardes to him that nudes 
 
 him. 
 Chapman, Blinde Beyyer of Alexandria, i. 1. 
 
 OPPOSITIONIST, member of the Opposi- 
 tion. 
 
 This fairness from an oppositionist pro- 
 fessed brought me at once to easy terms 
 with him. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, iv. 70. 
 
 OPPOSITIONLESS, without an Opposi- 
 tion party. 
 
 The parliament is met, but empty and 
 totally oppositionless. Walpole, Letters, ii. 
 82 (1758). 
 
 OPPOSIVE, contradictory; cantanker- 
 ous. 
 
 They might have observed, even in his 
 cunicular days, in this Lodowick Muggleton, 
 an obstinate, disseutious, and opposite spirit. 
 Account of L. Muyyleton, 1676 (Harl. Misc., 
 i. 610). 
 
 OPPRESSURE, oppression ; injury. 
 The oppressures that in three and twenty 
 years without intermission exercis'd the 
 defence and patience of one man, made 
 him stand the stronger. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 222. 
 
 ORACLE, a cant term for a watch. 
 
 Out of the right fob hung a great silver 
 chain, with a wonderful kind of engine at 
 the bottom. . . . He called it his oracle, and 
 said it pointed out the time for every actiou 
 of his life. &icift, Voyage to Lilliput, ch. ii. 
 
 Col. Pray, my lord, what's a clock by your 
 oracle ? 
 
 Lord Sp. Faith, I can't tell ; I think my 
 watch runs upon wheels. Ibid., Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv. i.). 
 
 ORACLER, giver of an oracle. 
 Pyrrhus, whom the Delphian oracler 
 Deluded by his double-meaning measures. 
 
 Sylvester, Sixth day, first weeke, 823. 
 
 ORAGE, a storrn. A French word, not 
 naturalized among us, though North 
 does not seem to use it as a foreign 
 word. 
 
 Though his gains by his office were great, 
 they were much greater by his practice ; for 
 that flowed in upon him like an oraye, enough 
 to overset one that had not an extraordinary 
 readiness in business. JYorth, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 170. 
 
 There was then enough of the Church and 
 loyal party in full credit at that time, espe- 
 cially citisens, to stem that oraye of faction. 
 Ibid., Examen, p. 632. 
 
 ORAGIOUS, stormy. 
 
 M. D'lvry, whose early life may have been 
 rather orayious, was yet a gentleman perfectly 
 well conversed. Thackeray, Neiccomes, ch. 
 xxxi. 
 
 ORANGERY, a species of snuff. 
 " Mockmode, . . taking snush, sneezes," 
 on which his dancing-master exclaims,
 
 ORATORIAN ( 454 ) ORKYN 
 
 ORGANITY, organism. 
 
 Many put out their force informative 
 In their ethereall corporeity, 
 Devoid of heterogeneall oryanity. 
 
 H. More, Immortality of the Soul, 
 I. ii. 24. 
 
 ORGANIZATE, to organize : in the ex- 
 tract it is a participle. 
 
 Death our spirits doth release 
 From this distinguish'd oryanizate sense. 
 
 H. More, Praexistency of the Soul, 
 st. 21. 
 
 ORGANONS, organs. 
 
 thou great God, ravish my earthly sprite ! 
 That for the time a more than human skill 
 May feed the oryanons of all my sense. 
 
 Peele, David and Hethsale, p. 484. 
 Our little world is made with much respect, 
 Our mother Nature hath been wise and kind, 
 By whom we have our oryanons assign'd 
 To execute what so our thoughts intend. 
 Hubert, Hist, of Edw. II., p. 16. 
 
 ORIENT, a pearl. Sterling (Life by 
 Carlyle, Pt. II. ch. ii.) reckons this 
 among the " new and erroneous locu- 
 tions " in Sartor Resartus. 
 
 It is indeed . . a very Sea of Thought ; 
 neither calm nor clear, if you will ; yet 
 wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive to 
 his utmost depth, and return not only with 
 sea-wreck, but with true orients. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 ORIFEX, orifice ; opening. 
 
 1 feel my liver pierced, and all my veins, 
 That there begin and nourish every part, 
 Mangled and torn, and all my entrails bathed 
 In blood that straineth from their orlfex. 
 
 Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 4. 
 
 ORIGIN, to originate. 
 
 This proverb was oriyined whilest England 
 and Wales were at deadly feude. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Cardigan (ii. 578). 
 
 ORKIE. 
 
 Oblig'd he was not to account 
 To what those incomes did amount ; 
 Nor distribution make o' th' gold 
 But when he pleas'd or pastor would, 
 Which seldom chanc't, the poorest of 'em 
 Could scarcely wrest an Orkie from him. 
 Ward, Enyland's Reformation, 
 c. i. p. 126. 
 
 ORKYN, an earthen pot (Latin, orca). 
 N., s. v. ork, cites a passage where, as 
 he says, ork seems to mean drinking 
 vessel. 
 
 They that goo about to bye an yerthen 
 potte or vessell for an orkyn dooe knocke 
 vpon it with their knuccle. I'dal's Eras- 
 mus's dpophth., p. 91. 
 
 O Lord, sir, you must never sneeze ; 'tis as 
 unbecoming after oranyery as grace after 
 meat. Farquhar, Love and a JJottle, ii. 2. 
 
 ORATORIAN, rhetorical. 
 
 Here is a reverend person who relates the 
 fact of a conspiracy in a good method, exact 
 style, and beautiful English ; in a word, in an 
 oratorian way. JVortA, Examen, p. 420. 
 
 ORBE, bereaved. 
 
 No father adopts unless he be orbe, have 
 no child ; or if he have one, for some deep 
 dislike have cast him off. Andrewes, i. 59. 
 
 ORBICAL, circular. 
 
 Thee moone three seasons her passadge 
 orbical eended. Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 658. 
 
 ORDERABLE, complying ; obedient. 
 Cf. BIDDABLE. 
 
 The king's averseness to physick, and im- 
 patience under it, . . was quickly removed 
 above expectation ; the king (contrary to his 
 custome) being very orderable in all his sick- 
 nesse. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. vii. 22. 
 
 ORDINARY, a settled order or use for 
 public service. 
 
 Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury, devised that 
 Ordinary or form of service, which hereafter 
 was observed in the whole kingdom. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., III. i. 23. 
 
 ORDINATIVE, ordaining. 
 
 Episcopall power and precedency . . im- 
 mediately succeeded the Apostles in thator- 
 dinative and gubernative eminency. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 259. 
 
 ORDINATOR, ruler. 
 
 If Nature, aud her ordinator, God, deny 
 health, how un valuable are their riches. 
 Adams, i. 424. 
 
 ORENGE, apparently a mistress (?). 
 
 The churlish frampold waves . . . tossed 
 his dead carcasse, well bathed or parboyled, 
 to the sandy threshold of his leman or orenye, 
 for a disjune or morning breakfast. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 168). 
 
 ORGAN, taste or palate. 
 
 What is agreeable to some is not to others ; 
 what touches smoothly my organ may grate 
 upon yours. Gentleman Instructed, p. 367. 
 
 ORGANIE, marjoram ; origanum vul- 
 gare. 
 
 (Persons) may take out of their own homish 
 gardens and ground such things asin strength 
 and operation countervayle these aforesaid, 
 that is to wit, Kosemarie, Basil, Saverie, 
 Oryanie, Marjoram, Dill, Sage, Baulme, &c. 
 Touchstone of Complexions, p. 66. 
 
 ORGANIFS, instruments. 
 
 Youth and love 
 
 Were th' vnresisted oryanies to seduce you. 
 Chapman, All Fvoles, ii. 1.
 
 ORLE 
 
 ( 455 ) 
 
 OTIATION 
 
 ORLE, in heraldry a border round 
 the shield. 
 
 His arms were augmented with an Orle of 
 Lions' paws. Fuller, Worthies, Cumberland 
 (i. 249). 
 
 ORNAMENTALS, adornments. For 
 similar uses see s. v. OBSERVABLES. 
 
 Iii the time of the aforesaid William Hey- 
 worth, the Cathedral of Litchfield was in 
 the verticall height thereof, being (though 
 not augmented in the essentials) beautified 
 in the ornamentals thereof. Fuller, Ch, 
 Hist., IV. ii. 65. 
 
 These light-armed Schismaticks and small 
 Skirmishers are like Pot-guns to Canons or 
 Pigmies to Giants, seeking to deface the 
 Pinnacles and Ornarnentalls of Religion, but 
 not capable to shake the foundations of it. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 86. 
 
 ORNITHOMANCY. See extract. 
 
 Ornithomancy (or the derivation of omens 
 from the motions of birds) grew into an 
 elaborate science. De Quincey, Modern 
 Superstition. 
 
 ORNITHOSCOPY, watching birds for 
 purposes of divination. 
 
 Speaking of ornithoscopy in relation to 
 Jews, I remember another story. De Quincey, 
 Modern Superstition. 
 
 ORPHANCY, orphanhood. 
 
 Yet did not thy Orphancy nor my Widdow- 
 hood deprive us of the delightful prospect 
 which the hill of honor doth yield. Sidney, 
 Arcadia, p. 237. 
 
 ORTHOPNIC, one who suffers from 
 orthopnoea, and can only breathe in an 
 upright position. 
 
 As they prescribe for the asthma, which is 
 a disease in the body, to avoid perturbations 
 of the mind, so let this orthopnic, for the 
 help of his mind, avoid needless perturba- 
 tions of the body. Adams, i. 505. 
 
 OSIERED, twisted in a pattern like 
 osiers forming a basket. 
 Garlands 
 
 In baskets of bright osiei^d gold were 
 brought. Keats, Lamia, Pt. II. 
 
 OSTELER, ostler. 
 
 What office then doth the star-gazer bear ? 
 Or let him be the heaven's osteler, 
 Or tapster some, or some be chamberlain, 
 To wait upon the guests they entertain. 
 
 Hall, Sat., II. vii. 40. 
 
 OSTEND, to appear prominently. 
 
 The time was when his affection ostended 
 in excess towards her. p. Hall, Cont. 
 (Adomjah). 
 
 OSTBNT, to display ; to boast. 
 
 Such a church sometimes is more swelling 
 in bigness, and ostents a more bulky show. 
 Adams, i. 410. 
 
 Malice not only discovers, but ostenteth her 
 devilish effects. Ibid., i. 415. 
 
 OSTLERESS. See first quotation. 
 
 Because she [Empress Helena] visited the 
 stable and manger of our Saviour's nativitie, 
 Jews and Pagans slander her to have been 
 stabularia, an ostleresse, or a she-stable-groom. 
 Fuller, Holy War, Bk. I. ch. iv. 
 A plump-arm'd Ostleress and a stable wench 
 Came running at the call. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, i. 
 
 OSTLERY, hostelry ; inn. 
 Good Saturn self, that homely emperor, 
 In proudest pomp was not so clad of yore, 
 As is the under-groom of the ostlery, 
 Husbanding it in work-day yeomanry. 
 
 Hall, Sat., III. i. 73. 
 
 OSTEY, an inn. The inn, being ready 
 for guests at all hours, has its faggot 
 always burning. For another reference 
 to ostry-wood see extract s. v. PIMP. 
 
 Dick. What, Robin, you must come away 
 and walk the horses. 
 
 Rob. I walk the horses ! I scorn 't i' faith. 
 . . . Keep further from me, O thou illiterate 
 and unlearned hostler. . . . Keep out of the 
 circle, I say, lest I send you into the ostry 
 with a vengeance. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 3. 
 
 Think, mistress, what a thing love is : 
 why it is like an ostry-fnggot, that, once set 
 on fire, is as hardly quenched as the bird 
 crocodile driven out of her nest. Greene, 
 Looking Glass for London, p. 133. 
 
 Tom Tapster, . . . you cannot be content 
 to pinch with your small pots and your 
 ostrie faggots, but have your tugges to draw 
 men on to villanie. Ibid., Quip for Upstart 
 Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 413). 
 
 OTHER-GATES, dissimilar: usually an 
 adverb, as in Twelfth Night, V. i. 
 
 All which are the great works of true, 
 able, and authoritative Ministers, requiring 
 other-gates workmen than are (now) in many 
 places much in fashion among common 
 people. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 19 
 (Preface). 
 
 OTHER-GUESS, a corruption of other- 
 guise; noticed in the Diets., but with- 
 out example. 
 
 If your kinsman, Lieutenant Bowling, had 
 been here, we should have had other - yuess 
 work. Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xxxii. 
 
 You have to do with other -guess people 
 now. Ibid., ch. xlvii.^ 
 
 OTIATION, taking ease ; leisure. 
 
 I haue obserued [others] in many of the 
 princes Courts of Italic to seeme idle when 
 they be earnestly occupied, and entend to 
 nothing but mischieuous practizes, and do
 
 OTIOUS 
 
 ( 456 ) OUT-BLUSTER 
 
 busily iiegotiat by coulor of otiation. 
 Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xxv. 
 
 OTIOUS, leisurely. Otiose is some- 
 times used, though L. does not give 
 the word, and R. only cites Paley for 
 it. The speaker in the extract is com- 
 paring the burdens of public men with 
 those of 
 
 Private men (whose otious care 
 Scarce passe the threshold of their own door 
 
 dare). Sylvester, Bethulia's Rescue, v. 121. 
 
 OTOMY, a skeleton : a corruption of 
 anatomy. 
 
 Lord Sp. Lady Smart, does not your Lady- 
 ship think Mrs. Fade is mightily altered 
 since her marriage ? 
 
 Lady Sin. Why, my lord, she was hand- 
 some iu her time ; but she can't eat her cake 
 and have her cake. I hear she's grown a 
 meer otomy. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 OUBLIETTE. In some dungeons 
 there were concealed holes or traps 
 down which the prisoner was thrust, 
 and perished. He was lost and for- 
 gotten ; hence the name, which is 
 'French, but the word is often used as 
 English. 
 As if we had talked in following one 
 
 Up some long gallery. " Would you choose 
 An air like that ? the gait is loose 
 Or noble." Sudden in the sun 
 An oubliette wiuks. Where is he ? Gone. 
 Mrs. Browning, Died. 
 
 OUGHLYNG, the hooting of an owl. 
 
 He toke verie euill rest in the uightes by 
 reason of an owle breakyng his slepe euery 
 halfe hower with her ouyhlyny. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 277. 
 
 OUR LADY'S MANTLE, Alchemilla 
 vulgaris. 
 
 I think he killed nobody, for his reme- 
 dies were " womanish and weak." Sage and 
 wormwood, sion, hyssop, borage, spikenard, 
 dog's-tpugue, our Lady's mantle, feverfew, 
 and Faith, and all in small quantities except 
 the last. Reade, Cloister atid Hearth, ch. 
 xciv. 
 
 OUT, not nt home. This common 
 colloquial expression is given by L. 
 without example. 
 
 When we reached Albion Place they were 
 out; we went after them, and found them 
 on the pier. Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, 
 ch. v. 
 
 OCT. When a young lady has left 
 the school-room and goes into society, 
 she is technically said to be out. 
 
 Pray, is she out or not? I am puzzled; 
 
 she diiied at the parsonage with the rest of 
 you, which seemed like being out ; and yet 
 she says so little that I can hardly suppose 
 she is. Miss Austen, Mansjield Park, ch. v. 
 
 OUT-ACTIVE, to exceed in activity. 
 
 No wonder if the younger out-active those 
 who are more ancient. Fuller, Worthies, 
 London. 
 
 u T-A N D-o u T E B, a thorough-going 
 person. 
 
 1 am the man as is guaranteed by unim- 
 peachable references to be an out-and-outer 
 in morals. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, 
 ch. Ix. 
 
 Master Olive was pronounced an out-and- 
 outer, a swell, and no mistake. Thackeray, 
 The Newcomes, ch. xvii. 
 
 OUTAS, to shout or exclaim. 
 
 These cried there, like mad moody Bed- 
 lams, as they heard the thunder, " They 
 are damned, they are damned ; " their wise 
 preachers outasing the same at Paul's cross. 
 Bait, Select Works, p. 244. 
 
 OUTAS, octave (ecclesiastical). 
 
 The same Adam by a decree of the Church 
 was on the Munday after the outas of Easter 
 the yeere 1328, burnt at Hoggis. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 181. 
 
 OUTASKED. When banns have been 
 published three times, the couple are 
 said to be outasked. H. says this is 
 the term in the south-east of England : 
 in Hampshire the phrase is asked out, 
 All other suitors were left iu the lurch, 
 And the parties had even been outasked in 
 
 Church. Inyoldsby Leyends (St. Romwold). 
 
 OUTBARGAIN, to get the better in a 
 bargain. 
 
 The two parties with their opposite inter- 
 ests stand at bay, or try to outwit or out- 
 bargain each other. Miss Edyewurth, Helen, 
 ch. xix. 
 
 OUT-BLUNDER, to surpass in blunder- 
 ing. 
 
 He'll out-talk a Frenchwoman, and out- 
 blunder an Irishman or Teagtielander's un- 
 derstanding. T. Brown, Works, iii. 108. 
 
 OUT-BLUSTER, to drive a person from 
 his purpose by blustering: at least this 
 seems its meaning in the first extract, 
 and perhaps in the second too, though 
 generally the word would mean to sur- 
 pass another in blustering. 
 
 Those wives . . . can suffer themselves to 
 be out-blustered and out-gloomed of their 
 own wills, instead of being fooled out of 
 them by acts of tenderness and complais- 
 ance. Richardson, Cl. Harlove, ii. 15. 
 
 If ever I steal a teapot, and my women 
 don't stand up for me, pass the article under
 
 OU2-BOLT 
 
 ( 457 ) 
 
 O UTFALL 
 
 their shawls, whisk down the street with 
 it, out-bluster the policeman, and utter any 
 amount of nbs before Mr. Beak, those beiugs 
 are not what I take them to be. Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, xxxii. 
 
 OUT-BOLT, bolt out. 
 
 Those . . . first blot out Episcopacy that 
 they may blot and out-bolt, set up and pull 
 down Magistracy. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 557. 
 
 OUTBOUND, to bound beyond ; to ex- 
 cel in activity. 
 
 He could outrun the reindeer, and out- 
 bound the antelope. H. Urooke, Fool of 
 Quality, ii. 23. 
 
 OUT-BRAZEN, to surpass in impudence. 
 
 The expertest devils . . . see their impu- 
 dence out-brazen'd by a club of mortal puri- 
 tans. T. Brown, Works, ii. 216. 
 
 OUTBROTHER, an outpensioner. 
 
 That good old blind bibber of Helicon, I 
 wot well, came a begging to one of the chief 
 cities of Greece, and promised them vast 
 corpulent volumes of immortality, if they 
 would bestowe upon him but a slender out- 
 brother'i annuity of mutton and broth, and 
 a pallet to sleep on. Nashe, Lenten Stiijfe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 147). 
 
 OUTBUILD, to build beyond what one 
 has means for. Both K. and L. give 
 the word = to excel in durability, with 
 extract from Young, Sixth Night : 
 " Virtue alone outbuilds the pyramids." 
 In the extract perhaps overbuild would 
 have been more usual. 
 
 She had left off building castles in the air, 
 but she had outbuilt herself on earth. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Helen, ch. viii. 
 
 OUTBUZZ, to drown some other sound 
 by the noise of buzzing ; so, generally, 
 to out-clamour. 
 
 The flies at home that ever swarm about 
 And cloud the highest heads, and murmur 
 
 down 
 
 Truth in the distance these outbuzz'd me. 
 Tennyson, Columbus. 
 
 OUTCAST, to throw out. 
 
 It being the custom of all those whom the 
 Court casts out, to labour by all means they 
 can to outcast the Court. Heylin, Life of 
 Laud, p. 156. 
 
 OUTCOME, visible result. I have not 
 come across any earlier instance of this 
 now common word than that in the 
 first extract. 
 
 We do the man's intellectual endowment 
 great wrong if we measure it by its mere 
 logical outcome. Carlyle, Misc.,m. 59 (1832). 
 
 The only outcome of that new sense of 
 
 responsibility was a rapid increase in the 
 number of floggings. Kinysley, Westward'. 
 Ho, ch. ii. 
 
 In the young bliss of loving he took 
 Gwendolen's perfection as part of that good 
 which had seemed one with life to him, 
 being the outcome of a happy, well-embodied 
 nature. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. vi. 
 
 OUT-COMPLIMENT, to eclipse or drive 
 out by compliments or caresses. 
 He thrice embraced Her, and gently strove 
 Her sorrow's fullness to out-compliment. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xxiii. st. 181. 
 
 OUT-CORNER, an out-of-the-way place. 
 
 Through the want of this catechising 
 mauy which are well skilled in some dark 
 out-corners of divinity have lost themselves 
 in the beaten road thereof. Fuller, Holy 
 State, II. ix. 5. 
 
 OUTCOUNTENANCE, to outf ace or with- 
 stand. 
 
 "See which of our beardlesse yongsters 
 will take ye in, when I [Menaphon] haue 
 cast you foorth." " Those," quoth she, " that 
 outcountenance Menaphon and his pelfe, and 
 are better able than your selfe." Greene, 
 Menaphon, p. 64. 
 
 While high Content in whatsoever chance 
 Makes the brave mind the starres outcounten- 
 ance. Davies, Muse's Teares, p. 14. 
 OUTDACIOUS, wild : a common vul- 
 garism for audacious. 
 Ya wouldn't find Charlie's likes 'e were 
 
 that outdacious at '6am, 
 Not thaw ya went to raake out Hell wi' a 
 small-tooth coiimb. 
 
 Tennyson, The Village Wife. 
 
 OUTDACIOUSNESS, audacity : a vul- 
 garism. 
 
 They have the oiddaciousness to complain 
 that the rents are raised. Mrs. Trollope, 
 Michael Armstrong, ch. iv. 
 
 OUT-EDGE, extremity ; outer limit. 
 
 Her fame had spread itself to the very 
 out-edge and circumference of that circle. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 70. 
 
 A couple of sparrows upon the out-edge of 
 his window. Ibid., Sent. Journey, The Pass- 
 port. 
 
 OUT-EQUIVOCATE, to surpass in 
 equivocation. 
 
 The Jesuites, being out-shot in their own 
 bow, complained that he out-equivocated their 
 equivocation. Fuller, Worthies, Kent (i. 
 500). 
 
 OUTFALL, outlet. 
 
 Haddenham Level in the Isle of Ely . . 
 contains 6500 acres, which were overflowed 
 chiefly through the neglect of preserving 
 and clearing the out-falls into the Sea. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 91.
 
 OUTFIND 
 
 ( 453 ) 
 
 OUTLOOK 
 
 OUTFIND, to find out. 
 Though envy strive, yet secret-searching 
 
 time 
 
 With piercing insight will the truth outfnd. 
 Greene, from Never too late, p. 299. 
 
 OUT-FLING, sally. 
 
 Deronda, inclined by nature to take the 
 side of those on whom the arrows of scorn 
 were falling, could not help replying to 
 Pash's out-jling. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. xlii. 
 
 OUTULARE, to exceed in prominence. 
 His monstrous score which stood outylarintj &\\ 
 Its hideous neighbours. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xiv. st. 178. 
 
 OUTGLITTER, to exceed in radiance. 
 All Cherubs and all Seraphs have I seen 
 In their high beauties on Heav'n's Holydays, 
 But still the gracious splendour of this Queen 
 Sweetly outylitters their best tire of rays. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, ii. sb. 218. 
 
 OUT-GLOOM, to drive a person from 
 his purpose by ill-temper : at least this 
 seems the meaning in the extract (for 
 which see s. v. OUT-BLUSTER), though, 
 according to the analogy or! similar 
 words, it would mean to surpass in 
 gloom. 
 
 OUTGRAIN, to out-dye. 
 She blushed more than they, and of their own 
 Shame made them all asham'd, to see how far 
 It was outpurpled and outyrain'd by Her. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, iii. st. 51. 
 
 OUT-GRUNT, to excel in grunting. 
 
 Not a porter here plies at the corner of a 
 street, but with his stubbed fingers can make 
 a smooth table out-t/runt the harmony of a 
 double cartel. T. Brown, Works, ii. 246. 
 
 OUT-HYMN, to excel in hymnody. 
 Inspired by that, my thoughts will quicker 
 
 flow, 
 
 And I'll by far out-hymn the fam'd De Foe. 
 'T. Brown, Works, i. 132. 
 
 OUT-ISLES, islands circumjacent. 
 
 With which I accordingly will end this 
 booke, purposing to speake of the out-Isles, 
 Orcades, Hebudes, or Hebrides, and of Shet- 
 land, in their due place. Holland's Camden, 
 ii. 54. 
 
 OUT-LAMENT, to exceed in lament- 
 ation. 
 
 If I thought complaining would make you 
 a farthing the better, I would out-weep a 
 church-spout, and out-lament a widow that 
 has buried three husbands, and now laments 
 for a fourth. T. Bmwn, Works, iv. 175. 
 
 OUTLANDISHER, foreigner. 
 Hollanders, Zealaudurs, Scots, French, 
 
 Westcrne - men, Northren - men, besides all 
 the hundreds and wapentakes nine miles 
 compasse, fetch the best of their viands and 
 mangery from her market. For ten weeks 
 together this rabble rout of outlandishers are 
 billetted with her. Washe, Lenten Stujfe 
 (Hurl. Misc., vi. 149). 
 
 OUTLASH, to exaggerate. L. has 
 overlash, a word which Fuller also 
 uses. 
 
 Malice hath a wide mouth, and loves to 
 outlash in her relations. Fuller, Pisyah 
 Siyht, III. (Pt. II.) iii. 5. 
 
 OUTLASH, a breaking out. 
 
 Underneath the silence there was an out- 
 lash of hatred and viudictiveness. G, Eliot, 
 Daniel Deronda, ch. xxx. 
 
 OUTLAVISHING, extravagant. 
 
 He being now growne poore by his out- 
 lauishing humour, began, it seemes, to be 
 little respected. Daniel, Hist, of Eny., p. 
 52. 
 
 OUTLIER, nonconformist. 
 I hope every worthy and true English Pro- 
 testant of the Establish'd Church (for I have 
 no hopes of the outlyers) will favourably 
 allow the following poem. D' Urfey, Callings 
 Walk, Preface. 
 
 OUT-LIMBS, limbs, as opposed to 
 vitals. 
 
 The Albingenses hope to find favour if 
 men consider . . . the errours themselves 
 which are rather in the outlimbes than vitalls 
 ofTeligion. Fuller, Holy War, Bk. III. ch. 
 xx. 
 
 It was not a scratch, but a wound : not a 
 wound in a fleshy parts or outlimbs of the 
 body, but in the very head, the throne of 
 reason. Ibid., Good Thoughts in Worse Times 
 (Pers. Med., iv.). 
 
 Some accessions therefore might be made 
 (though not to the vitall parts, as I may say) 
 to the out-lims of the temple. Ibid., Pisyah 
 Siyht, III. (Pt. II.) iii. 3. 
 
 OUT-LIST, outside edge ; selvage. 
 
 The outlist of Judah fell into the midst of 
 Dan's whole cloth. Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, II. 
 x.22. 
 
 OUTLIVER, survivor. 
 
 Seven they were in all, all aliue and well 
 in one day, six dead in the other ; the out- 
 liuer becoming a conuert to their religion. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 186. 
 
 OUT-LODGINGS, lodgings in the town 
 outside the College gates. 
 
 As for out-lodginys (like galleries, necessary 
 evils in popular Churches), he rather toll rates 
 than approves them. Fuller, Holy Stale, II. 
 xiv. 3. 
 
 OUTLOOK, prospect ; survey. The
 
 OUTLOOKER 
 
 ( 459 ) 
 
 OUT-ROOMS 
 
 Diets, only give a single instance of 
 this substantive, and then in the sense 
 of foresight. 
 
 The condensed breath ran in streams down 
 the panes, chequering the dreary outlook of 
 chimney-tops and smoke. C. King sley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. ii. 
 
 I went to Hamburg to study, and after- 
 wards to Gottingen, that I might take a 
 larger outlook on my people and on the 
 Gentile world. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. zl. 
 
 OUTLOOKER, one who looks abroad ; 
 and so, in the extract, an inconstant 
 lover. 
 
 They may be kinde, but not constant, and 
 Loue loues no out-lookers. Breton, Packet of 
 Letters, p. 43. 
 
 OUT-MATCH, excel ; to be more than 
 a match for. 
 
 In labour the Oxe will out-toile him, and 
 in subtlitie the Fox will out-match him. 
 Breton, Dignitie of Man, p. 14. 
 
 OUT-METAPHOR, to excel in metaphor. 
 
 Those very persons . . . out-metaphor' d all 
 Parnassus in their operas. T. Brown, Works, 
 i. 192. 
 
 OUT-MOVE, to outgo ; to exceed in 
 quickness. 
 
 My father's ideas ran on as much faster 
 than the translation, as the translation out- 
 moved my uncle Toby's. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, iii. 40. 
 
 OUT-NOOK, projecting nook or corner. 
 
 And yet this goodly globe (where we as- 
 semble) 
 
 Though hung in th' ayr doth neuer selfly 
 tremble ; 
 
 For it's the midst of the concentrik orbs 
 
 "Whom neuer angle nor out-nook disturbs. 
 
 Sylvester, The Columnes, 194. 
 
 OUT-OF-DOORS, used as an adjective 
 = in the open air. H. has indoor with 
 extract from Disraeli. 
 
 Her out-of-doors life was perfect ; her in- 
 doors life had its drawbacks. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 North and South, ch. ii. 
 
 OUT-PASSION, to exceed in passion. 
 
 Thy patriot passion, 
 
 Siding with our great Council against Tostig, 
 Out-passion'd his. Tennyson, Harold, iii. 1. 
 
 OUTPEAK, to rise on the peak or 
 summit. 
 
 Lucifer outpeakiny in tips of mounted hill Ida 
 On draws thee dawning. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 828. 
 
 OUT -PLEASE, to please beyond some- 
 thing that has pleased before. 
 
 A lapidary . . shews the buyer an orient 
 pearl, and having a little fed his eye with 
 that, outpleaseth him with a sapphire. 
 Adams, ii. 203. 
 
 OUTPOISON, to exceed in venom. 
 Must sweet Arabia's beds belch out a stink 
 Outpois'niny all the Bane of Thessaly ? 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xi. 223. 
 
 OUT-POWER, to exceed in power. 
 
 In the Saxon Heptarchy there was gener- 
 ally one who out-powered all the rest. fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., II. iii. 41. 
 
 OUT-PRAISE, to exceed or vie with 
 another in praising. 
 
 "We had much literary chat upon this occa- 
 sion, which led us to a general discussion, 
 not only of Pope's life, but of all his works, 
 which we tried who should out-praise. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, ii. 71. 
 
 OUT-PRICE, to excel in value. 
 And so the best men, though inherent Vice 
 
 May ouerweigh their Vertue, yet we see 
 Th' are called vertuous by their Vertue's 
 
 price, 
 
 That doth out-price the Vice, though more 
 it be. Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 44. 
 
 OUT-PURPLE, to dye of a more brilliant 
 purple. See extract s. v. OUTGRAIN, 
 where both words = outblush. 
 
 OUT-RAY, to spread out in array (of 
 
 battle) ; and generally, to radiate forth. 
 
 All the time the great JEacides 
 
 "Was conversant in arms, your foes durst not 
 
 a foot address 
 "Without their posts, so much they fear'd his 
 
 lance that all controll'd, 
 And now they out-ray to your fleet. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, v. 793. 
 
 Man's soul from God's own life outray'd. 
 H. More, Immortality of the Soul, III. ii. 23. 
 
 OUT-RENT, rent paid out. 
 John unto John, Davies to Davies sends 
 This little draught of new loue's large deuise. 
 
 A kinde acceptance shall yonr out-rent be. 
 
 Davies, Sonnet to /. Davies. 
 
 OUTRIVE, to tear out. Bp. Hall 
 speaks of the impatient reader, who 
 Should all in rage the curse-beat page out- 
 rive. Sat., IV. i. 11. 
 
 OUT-ROOMS, outlying offices. 
 
 As for judicial astrology (which hath the 
 least judgement in it) this vagrant hath been 
 whipt out of all learned corporations. If 
 our artist lodgeth her in the out-rooms of his 
 soul for a night or two, it is rather to hear 
 than believe her relations. Fuller, Holy 
 State, II. vii. 6. 
 
 The Koman Empire now grown ruinous
 
 OUT-RUNNER ( 460 ) 
 
 OUTSPURN 
 
 could not repair its out-rooms, and was fain 
 to let them fall down to maintain the rest. 
 Ibid., Ch. Hist., I. v. 15. 
 
 OUT-RUNNEK, offshoot ; branch. 
 
 Cad bait is a worm bred under stones in a 
 shallow river, or in some out-runner of the 
 river. Lauson, Comments on Secrets of Any- 
 liny, 1653 (Eiiy. Garner, i. 194). 
 
 OUT-SAINT, to excel in sanctity. 
 Poets (I grant) haue libertieto giue 
 More height to Grace than the Superlative : 
 So hath a Painter licence too to paint 
 A Saint-like face till it the Saint out-saint. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 63. 
 
 OUTSALE, an auction. 
 
 They that care not to be good will think 
 how to be wise ; yet did they ever think of 
 that that make away the inheritance of God's 
 holy tribe in an outsale ? 'Tis an unthrifty 
 sin. Hacket, Life of Williams, \. 206. 
 
 OUT-SEARCH, to probe to the bottom ; 
 to explore. The extract is a translation 
 from a writing of Bucer's. 
 
 "\Ve must in like manner take heed we 
 diminish not the force and majesty of Christ's 
 sacraments set forth by the Holy Ghost, 
 rather of us to be believed than by our 
 natural reason to be out-searched. Stt-ype, 
 Cranmer, Append., ii. 599. 
 
 OUTSEND, to emit. 
 
 What ! doth the Sun his rayes that he out- 
 sends 
 Smother or choke ? 
 
 H. More, Immortality of the Soul, 
 III. ii. 42. 
 
 OUTSENDINGS, messages or other 
 things sent abroad. 
 
 The sea being open vnto him, his outsend- 
 inys might bee without view or noting. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eny., p. 122. 
 
 OUT-SETTING, beginning ; start. 
 
 The charity that I am most intent upon 
 promoting in France and in Euglaud too, is 
 that of giving little fortunes to young 
 maidens in marriage witli honest men of 
 their own degree, who might, from such an 
 outsettiny, begin the world, as it is called, 
 with some hope of success. Richardson, 
 Grandison, iii. 18. 
 
 OUT-SHRILL, to exceed in sound. 
 Arm-arming trumpets, lofty clarions, 
 Rock-battering bumbards, valour-murdering 
 
 guns! 
 
 Dire instruments of death, in vain yee toyl, 
 For the loud cornet of my long-breath'd s'tile 
 Out-shrills yee still. 
 
 Sylvester, The Loire, 20. 
 
 OUTSIDES, hypocrites, or perhaps (in 
 the first quotation) people with nothing 
 
 in them, as we now say. The third 
 quotation illustrates the only surviving 
 use of this word as applied to persons, 
 i. e. outside passengers. 
 
 If Democritus were alive now, he should 
 see strange alterations, a new company of 
 counterfeit vizards, whiflers, Cumane asses, 
 maskers, mummers, painted puppets, outsides, 
 phantastick shadows, gulls, monsters, giddy- 
 heads, butterflies. Burton, Denioc. to Reader, 
 p. 27. 
 
 The rest are hypocrites, ambodexters, out- 
 sides. Ibid., p. 36. 
 
 There was a good coach dinner, of which 
 the box, the four front outsides, the one 
 inside, Nicholas, the good - tempered man, 
 and Mr. Squeers partook. Dickens, Nicholas 
 Nickleby, ch. v. 
 
 OUTSIGHT, sight for that which is 
 without. 
 
 There are, as I heare, so many painters 
 of women's faces, so many instructors of 
 women's tongues, and so manie flatterers of 
 women's humors, that if a man haue not both 
 his insight and his outsiyht, he may pay home 
 for his blindenesse. Breton, Old Man's Lesson, 
 p. 11. 
 
 OUTSING, to surpass in singing. See 
 extract s. v. ODTSWIM. 
 
 OUTSLING, to project ; cast forth. 
 'Tis opinion 
 
 That makes the riven heavens with trumpets 
 ring, 
 
 And thundriug engine mnrd'rous balls out- 
 sling. 
 H. More, Immortality of the Soul, II. iii. 5. 
 
 OUTSNATCH, to seize violently. 
 Raging raptures do his soul outsnatch. 
 
 H. More, Life of the Soul, i. 60. 
 
 OUTSPARKLED, outshone. 
 Yet when the starry Peacock doth display 
 His train's full Orb, the winged People all 
 Disgraced into anger and dismay 
 Let their outsparkled plumes sullenly fall. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, i. st. 84. 
 
 OUTSPEND, to exceed in expenditure. 
 
 He had already acquired more envy and 
 hatred among his friends and neighbours by 
 the superior degree of intimacy he had con- 
 trived to achieve with her, than by all his 
 successful struggles to outspend them all. 
 Mrs. Trollope, Michael Armstrong, ch. ii. 
 
 OUTSPIT, to spit f urther than another. 
 
 In the extract the allusion is to a reptile 
 
 spitting poison. 
 
 The first sup bold Menander got, and by 
 That cankering liquor so infected grew 
 That Simon he outspit in heresy. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xviii. st. 161 . 
 
 OUTSPURN, to spurn away.
 
 OUTSTAY 
 
 OUT-WOMAN 
 
 When my deere, Lord, sayd not, What dost 
 
 thou here ? 
 Or, Get thee hence ! or like a dog outspurne 
 
 mee, 
 But from my sinne vnto His mercie turne 
 
 me. Breton, Blessed Weeper, p. 11. 
 
 OUTSTAY, to stay longer than another 
 person. 
 
 After a little deliberation, she concluded 
 to outstay him. Mad, D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. 
 IX. ch. iii. 
 
 He would go, and Lucy, who would have 
 outstayed him, had his visit lasted two hours, 
 soon afterwards went away. Miss Austen, 
 Sense and Sensibility, ch. xxxv. 
 
 OUTSTRAIN, to surpass in exertion ; 
 also to stretch out. 
 
 But vivid John, in whose soft bosom reign'd 
 More flames of youth, and more of gallant 
 
 love, 
 
 Quickly his fellow-traveller outstrein'd 
 In ardor's race. 
 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xv. st. 144 
 The outstrain'd tent flags loosely. 
 
 Southey, Thalala, Bk. III. 
 
 OUT-SUM, to outnumber. 
 The prisoners of that shameful day out- 
 
 summ'd 
 Their victors. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. II. 
 
 OUT-SUPERSTITION, to exceed in super- 
 stition. Fuller, in his Worthies, under 
 the head of Saints of Lincolnshire, 
 remarks that in thirteen convents there 
 were 700 Monks and 1100 Nuns, adding, 
 " Women out-superstition Men " (ii. 8). 
 
 OUTSWIFT, to outstrip. 
 And on the sand leaving no print behinde, 
 Outswifted arrows, and outwent the winde. 
 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 855. 
 But the Joyes of Earthly Mindes, 
 AVorldly Pleasures, vain Delights, 
 Far outswift far sudden flights, 
 Waters, Arrowes, and the Windes. 
 
 Ibid., Spectacles, 25. 
 
 OUTSWIM, to beat in swimming. 
 
 In swiftnesse the Hare will outrun him, 
 and the Dolphin outstcim him ; in sweetnesse 
 the Nightingale outsing him. Breton, Dig- 
 nitie of Man, p. 14. 
 Some on swift horseback to outsieim the 
 
 Wind. Sylvester, Maiden's JBlush, 595. 
 
 OUT-SYLLABLE, to exceed in number 
 of syllables. 
 
 This Nation hankered after the Name of 
 Plautagenet; which, as it did out-syllable 
 Tudor in the mouths, so did it out-vie it 
 in the affections of the English. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Warvrick (ii. 406). 
 
 OUT -THUNDER, to be louder than 
 thunder. 
 
 Though he out-thunder heaven with blas- 
 phemies, . . yet still he hopes to be saved by 
 the mercy of God. Adams, ii. 277. 
 
 OUT-TOIL, to surpass in endurance of 
 work. 
 
 In labour the Oxe will out-toile him. 
 Breton, Dignitie of Man, p. 14. 
 
 OUT - TOILED, over - wearied ; worn 
 out. 
 
 Clifford . . . commanded his souldiers, out- 
 toiled with travelling so f arre, and having but 
 small store of gun-powder, to passe over the 
 mountaines. Holland's Camden, ii. 130. 
 
 OUT-TRAVEL, to exceed in extent or 
 quickness of travelling. 
 
 She then besought him to go instantly, 
 that he might out-travel the ill news, to his 
 mother. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. X. 
 ch. ii. 
 
 OUT-TUFT, to puff out. 
 
 Yee might betweene the buttons see 
 Her smocke out-tuft to show her levifcee. 
 
 Davies, An Extasie, p. 90. 
 
 OUT-VIGIL, to out-watch ; exceed in 
 vigilance. 
 
 The tender care of King Charles did out- 
 viyil, their watchfullness. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Kent (ii. 490). 
 
 OUT- WEALTH, to exceed in wealth. 
 
 What arts did Churchmen in former times 
 use when they did so much out-wit and out- 
 wealth us! Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 253. 
 
 OUT-WING, to turn the wing of an 
 army. 
 
 Colonel Dean's and Colonel Pride's [men] 
 outioinginy the enemy, could not come to so 
 much share of the action. Cromwell to 
 Lenthall, Aug. 20, 1648 (Carlyle's Cromwell, 
 i. 291). 
 
 OUT-WIT usually = to cheat, and all 
 the examples in the Diets, illustrate 
 this sense ; but Gauden employs it as 
 meaning to excel in ability. See extract 
 5. v. OUT-WEALTH, where he is speaking 
 of the greater honour which Church 
 ministers had in old time. 
 
 OUT-WOMAN, to excel as a woman. 
 
 I have heard 
 
 She would not take a last farewell of him. 
 She fear'd it might unman him for his end. 
 She could not be unmann'd, no, nor out- 
 woman' d 
 Seventeen a rose of grace. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, iii. 1.
 
 O VANT 
 
 ( 462 ) 
 
 O VER-DRTNK 
 
 OVANT, triumphing with an ovation. 
 
 Plautius .... sped so well in his battels, 
 that Claudius passed a decree, that he should 
 ride in pety triumph ovant. Holland's Cam- 
 den, p. 42. 
 
 And over Catacratus, whom, as I said, he 
 discomfited and put to flight, hee rode ovant 
 in pety triumph. Ibid., p.447. 
 
 OVARY, pertaining to an ovation. 
 
 Their honorary crowns triumphal, ovary, 
 civical, obsidional, had little of flowers in 
 them. Sir T. Brown, Tract ii. 
 
 OVEN. To be in the xamc oven = to 
 be in the same case. See another sense 
 in H. s. v. 
 
 " Why the dickens didn't you tell me all 
 this before, sir ? " said Evans, ruefully ; " it 
 is 'no use now I've been and gone into the 
 same oven like a fool." Reade, Never too late 
 to mend, ch. xiv. 
 
 OVEN-CAKE, a baked cake. That 
 referred to in the first quotation we 
 find from the previous chapter to have 
 been muffins. 
 
 I think he might have offered us a bit of 
 his oven-cake. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, 
 Bk. VII. ch. ii. 
 
 And he did such a breakfast make 
 On new-bak'd loaf aud oven-cake, 
 That they all look'd with wond'ring eye 
 At his gaunt mouth's artillery. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iii. 
 
 OVEN-WOOD, wood only fit for burn- 
 
 Oaks intersperse it, that had once a head, 
 But now wear crests of oven-wood instead. 
 
 Covper, Needless Alarm, 12. 
 
 OVERALLS, leggings. 
 
 The other leaned more against the rock, 
 half sitting and half a-straddle, and wearing 
 leathern overalls, as if newly come from 
 riding. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 OVER-AWN, to overshadow. 
 
 Above the depth four over-awning wings, 
 Unplum'd, and huge and strong, 
 Bore up a little car. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. xii. 
 
 OVERBEARANCE, annoyance. 
 
 Will this benevolent and lowly man retain 
 the same front of haughtiness, the same 
 brow of overbearance, the same eye of eleva- 
 tion, the same lip of ridicule, and the same 
 glance of contempt ? //. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, i. 216. 
 
 OVER- BIAS, to influence unduly. 
 
 I find some men of worth . . . over-awed 
 by the vulgar, or over-biassed by their own 
 private interests. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 180. 
 
 OVER-BLACK, to cloud or besmirch. 
 
 Nor hath the Brittaines any honour by 
 that antiquity of his, which over-Macks them 
 with such vgly deformities as we can see no 
 part cleere. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 6. 
 
 OVER-BODY, to make too material ; to 
 despiritualize. 
 
 Then was the priest set to con his motions 
 and his postures, his liturgies and his lur- 
 ries, till the soul by this means of over-body- 
 ing herself, given up justly to fleshly de- 
 lights, bated her wing apace downward. 
 Milton, Reformation in England, Bk. i. 
 
 OVER-BRED, too polite. Gauden calls 
 those who were afraid to uphold the 
 Church of England when unpopular 
 " over-bred and too much gentlemen " 
 (Tears of the Church, p. 14, Preface). 
 Under-bred is common. 
 
 OVERBURN, to cover with flames. 
 
 The first word of the text, but, is a strong 
 engine set to the walls of purgatory, to over- 
 turn them and overburn them with the fire of 
 hell. Adams, ii. 471. 
 
 OVERCATCH, to go beyond ; to deceive. 
 
 But ere they came unto the place to win or 
 lose the matche, 
 
 For feare the Ducke with some odde craft 
 the Goose might mtercatch, 
 
 The Gander ran unto the Cranes and Cor- 
 morants, and praid, 
 
 Before the match was won and lost, the 
 wager might be staid. 
 
 Breton, Strange Newes, p. 13. 
 
 OVER-CRITIC, hypercritic. 
 Let no Over-critick causlesly cavill at this 
 coat. Fuller, Worthies, Devon (i. 295). 
 
 OVER-DARE. R. has this word = to 
 exceed in daring ; to be rash ; but it 
 also means, as in extract, to daunt. 
 
 Let not the spirit of ^Eacides 
 Be over-dar'd, but make him know the 
 
 mightiest Deities 
 Stand kind to him. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xx. 116. 
 
 OVERDOER, one who does more than 
 is necessary or expedient. 
 
 Do you know that the good creature was 
 a methodist in Yorkshire ? These overdoers, 
 my dear, are wicked wretches : what do 
 they but make religion look unlovely, and 
 put underdoers out of heart? Richardson, 
 Grandison, v. 50. 
 
 OVER-DRINK, to drink too much. 
 
 These sins being so national and natural 
 to the countries : to over-drink in Germany ; 
 to over-eat in England ; to wantonise in 
 Italy aud Venice ; to quarrel in France ; and 
 to be envious in Spain. Adams, ii. 479.
 
 O VER-DRIP 
 
 ( 463 ) 
 
 OVERLOOK 
 
 OVER-DRIP, to overhang. Cf. OVER- 
 CROP. 
 
 God was offended at the Court, which 
 over-drip't so many with its too far-spreading 
 branches of arbitrary and irregular power. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 132. 
 
 OVER-DROP, to overshadow. Cf. OVER- 
 DRIP, and see H. s. v. over-dreep. 
 
 The king may be satisfied to settle the 
 choice of his high promotions in one minion ; 
 so will never the people : and the Advanced 
 is sure to be shaken for his height, and to be 
 maligu'd for over-dropping. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 15. 
 
 What spoyle and havock they may be 
 tempted in time to make upou one another, 
 while they seek either to overdrop or to 
 destroy each other. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 22. 
 
 OVERFACE, to outface or abash. H. 
 has it as a Somersetshire word = to 
 cheat. 
 
 The lord chancellor earnestly looked upon 
 him to have belike overfaced him ; but he 
 gave no place ; that is, he ceased not in like 
 manner to look on the lord chancellor still 
 and continually. Bradford, i. 465. 
 
 OVER-FAME, to exaggerate. 
 
 The city once entred was instantly con- 
 quered (whose strength was much over- 
 famed). Fuller, Profane State, V. xviii. 14. 
 
 OVERFAWN, to flatter grossly. 
 And neuer be with flatterers ouerfarcnd. 
 Breton, Mother's Blessing, st. 43. 
 
 OVER-FLOURISH, to exaggerate. 
 
 I cannot think that the fondest imagination 
 can over-flourish or even paint to the life the 
 happiness of those who never check nature. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 279. 
 
 The fondness of imagination always mag- 
 nifies temporal pleasures: fancy over-flour- 
 ishes the object, and paints beyond the life. 
 Ibid., p. 292. 
 
 OVERGAZE, to look at too much (so 
 as to dazzle or weaken the eyes). 
 Oh that "Wit were not amazed 
 At the wonder of his senses, 
 Or his eyes not overyazed 
 In Minerva's excellences. 
 
 Breton, Melancholike Humours, 
 p. 13. 
 
 OVERGET, to get over. Sidney, as 
 quoted by L., has it = to overtake. 
 
 Edith cannot sleep, and till she overgets 
 this she cannot be better. Southey, Letters, 
 1803 (i. 230). 
 
 OVERGLAZE. Greene says the saddler 
 " stufies his pannels with straw or 
 hay, and overglaseth them with haire " 
 (see extract s. v. MORT), i. e. he hides 
 
 inferior materials with a thin covering 
 of something better. Ooerglaze would 
 generally mean to glaze over, to give a 
 glazed surface to something. 
 
 OVERGLOOM, to overshadow. 
 The cloud-climbed rock, sublime and rast, 
 That like some giant king o'erylooms the hill. 
 Coleridge, To Cattle. 
 
 OVERGLUT, overfed. 
 "While epicures are overylut, I ly and starue 
 
 for foode, 
 Because my conscience can not thriue vpon 
 
 ill gotten goode. 
 
 Breton, Melancholike Humours, p. 9. 
 
 OVERGROWN apparently means ex- 
 hausted : the labour being too much 
 for them. In the first quotation it 
 seems to signify stolen, though it is 
 difficult to see how this sense can be 
 got out of the word. 
 
 Their theft is so well known that it needs 
 no prouing ; they are forced to keep watch 
 over all they have to secure it ; their cattle 
 are watched day and night, or otherwise 
 they would be overyrown by morning. 
 Modern Account of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 140). 
 
 If you will study, let it be to know what 
 part of my land's fit for the plough, what for 
 pasture, to buy and sell my stock to the best 
 advantage, and cure my cattle when they are 
 overgrown with labour. Cibber, Love makes 
 the man, Act I. 
 
 OVER-INSPECTION, overlooking. 
 
 The Students when writing private letters 
 were used to cover them with their other 
 hand to prevent over - inspection. Fuller. 
 Hist, of Camb., vi. 13. 
 
 OVER-INTREAT, to over-persuade. 
 
 John Coles Esquire of Somerset-shire over- 
 intreated him into the "Western parts. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Bedfordshire (i. 119). 
 
 OVER-KEEP, to keep too strictly. 
 If God would have a Sabbath kept, they 
 over-keep it. Adams, ii. 339. 
 
 OVER-LINGER, to detain too long. 
 
 He loves not to over-linger any in an afflict- 
 ing hope, but speedily dispatcheth the fears 
 or desires of his expecting clients. Fuller, 
 Holy State, IV. i. 17. 
 
 OVERLOOK, to bewitch. 
 
 If you trouble me, I will overlook (i. e. 
 fascinate) you, and then your pigs will die, 
 your horses stray, your cream turn sour, 
 your barns be fired. C. Kingsley, Westward 
 Ho, ch. iv. 
 
 I tell you she has overlooked me, and all 
 this doctor's stuff is no use, unless you can
 
 OVER-MATCH ( 464 ) 
 
 OVERTAKEN 
 
 say a charm as will undo her devil's work. 
 H. Kinysley, Geojfry Hamlyn, ch. viii. 
 
 OVER-MATCH, to marry above one's 
 station. 
 
 If a yeoman have one sole daughter, he 
 must over-match her above her birth and 
 calling to a gentleman forsooth. Hurton, 
 Anatomy, p. 579. 
 
 OVER-MONEYED, bribed. In the same 
 work (Suffolk, ii. 338) Fuller uses 
 itnder-nionied in the same sense. 
 
 Some suspect his officers' trust was under- 
 mined (or over-moneyed rather), whilst others 
 are confident they were betrayed by none 
 save their own security. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Lancashire (i. 558). 
 
 OVERNET, cover as with a net. 
 
 He . . has spider-threads that overnet the 
 whole world ; himself sits in the centre, 
 ready to run. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 Calonnes, Breteuils hover dim, far flown, 
 overnetting Europe with intrigues. Ibid., 
 FT. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. v. 
 
 OVERNICENESS, excessive delicacy. 
 Overniceness may be underniceness. Rich- 
 ardson, Cl. Harloice, v. 8. 
 
 OVER-PREACH, to preach above (the 
 heads of the people, as we say). 
 
 Many of us so over-preached our people's 
 capacities, that the generality of our auditors, 
 after many years' preaching, were very little 
 edified, nothing amended, being kept at too 
 high a rack, both of affected Oratory and 
 abstruse Divinity. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 117. 
 
 OVERPRESSOR, oppressor. 
 
 Fitz Stephen calleth him Violentus Cantii 
 incubator, that is, the violent overpressor of 
 Kent. Holland's Camden, p 352. 
 
 OVER-PURCHASE, to pay too much for. 
 
 He who buys a satisfaction, tho' never so 
 glittering, at the expence of duty, is sure to 
 over-purchase. Gentleman Instructed, p. 280. 
 
 Whosoever buys either wealth or honour 
 at the price of a crime, over-imrchases. Ibid., 
 p. 528. 
 
 OvER-PDRCHASE, a dear bargain. 
 
 Mirth at the expence of Virtue is an over- 
 purchase. Collier, Eny. Staye, p. 161. 
 
 OVER-RACK, to over-strain ; to torture 
 excessively. In the second extract 
 Davies is speaking of jealousy. 
 
 So shoulde . . their ouer-racfoe Rhethorique 
 bee the ironicall recreation of the Reader. 
 A'ashe, Introd. to Greene's Menaphon, p. 8. 
 
 The racke that oner-racks the ouer-kinde. 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 77. 
 
 But our new knowledge hath for tedious train 
 A drooping life, and over-racked braiu. 
 
 Sylvester, Eden, 293. 
 
 OVERSET, overcharge; assess too 
 highly. 
 
 The usurers and publicans . . bought in 
 great the emperor's tribute, and to make 
 their most advantage, did overset the people. 
 Tyndale, ii. 71. 
 
 OVERSHADOWY, overshadowing. 
 
 The Fig Tree . . hath her Figs aboue the 
 leaf, because it is so large and ouershadowie. 
 Holland, Pliny, Nat. Hist., xvi. 26. 
 
 OVERSHINE, to excel ; outshine. 
 
 But now the man that overshin'd them all, 
 Sing, Muse. Chapman, Iliad,, ii. 673. 
 
 The Primate of Armagh . . . overshined, 
 both as to his Learning, Judgement, and Life 
 (as the Sun in the firmament), all those 
 Comets and Meteors. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 646. 
 
 OVERSHROUD, to overshadow ; darken. 
 
 What shadowes here doe ouershroicde the 
 eie! Breton, Countess of Pembroke's Loue, 
 p. 23. 
 
 OVER-SOW, to sow another crop on one 
 already existing. In Sylvester it = 
 sprinkled over, or perhaps is meant for 
 a different word, over-seum, i. e. em- 
 broidered. Adams no doubt had in 
 his mind the " superseminavit " of the 
 Vulgate reading of St. Matt. xiii. 25. 
 
 Cf. SUPERSEMINATION. 
 Whilst he sleeps, the enemy over-soics the 
 
 field of his heart with tares. Adams, i. 480. 
 An azure scarf all over-soir'n 
 
 With crowned swords, and scepters over- 
 thrown. Sylvester, Panaretus, 125. 
 
 OVERSTATELY, too haughtily ; over- 
 bearingly. 
 
 Tarquinius the proude . . for his high 
 minde and ouerstately vsing his citezens, and 
 for his moste horrible crueltee, encurred their 
 mortal disdain and hatred. Udal't Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 306. 
 
 OVERSTRAIN, excessive exertion. 
 
 Nancy, who does not love him, . . . says it 
 was such an overstrain of generosity from 
 him that it might well overset him. Rich- 
 ardson, Grandison, vi. 144. 
 
 OVERTAKEN, intoxicated. 
 
 He was temperate also in his drinking, 
 drinking often, but very often not above one 
 or two spoonfuls at once, which strangers 
 observing, and not knowing the small 
 quantity he sip'd, carried away an error with 
 them, which grew into a false fame ; but I 
 never spake with the man that saw him over- 
 taken. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 225.
 
 OYER-THINK 
 
 ( 465 ) 
 
 OWLS 
 
 I that was almost continually with him 
 never saw him in a condition that they call 
 overtaken, and the most hath been but just 
 discoverable in his speech. North, Life of 
 Lord Guilford, i. 90. 
 
 Archy M'Alpine, when he happens to be 
 overtaken (which is oftener the case than I 
 could wish), reads me a long lecture upon 
 temperance and sobriety. Smollett, Hum- 
 phrey Clinker, ii. 58. 
 
 OVER-THINK, to over-estimate. 
 What man, like Job, himselfe so over- 
 thinks ? Sylvester, Job Triumphant, iv. 147. 
 
 OVER-TIPLED, intoxicated. 
 
 Richard the last Abbot, Sonne to Earle 
 Gislebert, being over-tipled, as it were, with 
 wealth, disdaining to bee under the Bishop 
 of Lincoln, dealt with the king . . . that a 
 Bishops See might be erected here. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 493. 
 
 OVERVALUE, to exceed in value. 
 
 She gave me a look that overvalued the 
 ransom of a monarch. H. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, ii. 239. 
 
 OVER-VAULT, to arch over. 
 
 Polycarp of old 
 
 . . By the glories of the burning stake 
 O'er-vaulted.Southey, Thalaba, Bk. IX. 
 
 OVER - WEENINGNESS, presumption ; 
 undue pride. 
 
 The effect of the father's over-weeningness 
 was that the son got only more generally 
 laughed at. Savage, S. Medlicott, Bk. I. 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 OVER -WEIGHT (used adjectivally), 
 excessive. 
 
 He displaced Guy, because he found him 
 of no over-weight worth, scarce passable with- 
 out favourable allowance. Fuller, Holy War, 
 Bk. II. ch. xlii. 
 
 OVERWELL, to overflow. 
 
 Then after going round a little, with sur- 
 prise of daylight, the water overtcelled the 
 edge, and softly went through lines of light 
 to shadows and an untold bourne. Black- 
 more, Lorna Doone, ch. rix. 
 
 OVERWIT, to outwit. R. has the par- 
 ticiple overwitted, with a quotation from 
 Swift. It will also be found in Racket's 
 Life of Williams, i. 138, 226. 
 Fortune our foe we cannot overunt, 
 By none but thee our project? are cross-bit. 
 Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6. 
 
 Some call it ovencitting those they deal 
 with. Tom Brown, Works, iii. 23. 
 
 OVERWRITE, to superscribe. 
 
 'Tis a tale indeed, . . . and is overwritten, 
 The Intricacies of Diego and Julia. Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, iii. 117. 
 
 OVER-YEAR, to make too old. L. has 
 overyeared as an adjective, with quot- 
 ation from Fairfax. 
 There is not a proverb salts your tongue, but 
 
 plants 
 Whole colonies of white hairs. Oh, what a 
 
 business 
 These hands must have, when you have 
 
 married me, 
 To pick out sentences that over-year you ! 
 
 Albumazar, iv. 13. 
 
 OVICIDE, sheep-slaughter. 
 
 There it lay the little sinister-looking 
 tail impudently perked up, like an infernal 
 gnomon on a Satanic dial-plate ; larceny and 
 ovicide shone in every hair of it. Ingoldsby 
 Legends (Jarvis's Wig). 
 
 OVIPOSIT, to deposit eggs. 
 
 An insect . . . gets into the feet of people 
 as they walk, sucks their blood, oviposits in 
 them, and so occasions very dangerous ulcers. 
 Kirby and Spence, Entomology, i. 90. 
 
 It is to be hoped that this new word [ovi- 
 posit] may be admitted, as the laying of eggs 
 cannot otherwise be expressed without a 
 periphrasis. For the same reason its sub- 
 stantive, Oviposition, will be employed. 
 Ibid., note. 
 
 OWL, wool. 
 
 I have toiled and moyled to a good purpose 
 for the advantage of Matt's family, if I can't 
 safe as much owl as will make me an under 
 petticoat. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, i. 89. 
 
 OWLER, a dealer in wool. 
 To gibbets and gallows your oiders advance, 
 That, that's the sure way to mortify France ; 
 For Monsieur our nation will always be 
 
 gulling, 
 While you take such care to supply him 
 
 with woollen. T. Brown, Works, i. 134. 
 
 OWL IN AN IVY BUSH, a comparison 
 for a stupid fellow. 
 
 Lord Sp. Prithee, how did the fool look ? 
 
 Col. Look! I' gad, he look'd for all the 
 world like an owl in an ivy bush. Swift, 
 Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 OWLING TRADE, wool trade. 
 
 The Oicling Trade, or clandestine exporting 
 of wool, seems removed from Romney Marsh 
 to this Coast. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, 
 i. 159. 
 
 OWLISM, stupidity. In the extract 
 the reference is to lawyers. 
 
 Their oirlisms, vulturisms, to an incredible 
 extent, will disappear by and by ; their hero- 
 isms only remaining. Carlyle, Past and Pre- 
 sent, Bk. II. ch. xvii. 
 
 OWLS. Owls to Athens, a classical 
 proverb, having the same meaning as 
 coals to Newcastle ; Athens being, as 
 
 H H
 
 OWLY 
 
 ( 466 ) 
 
 P AC ABLE 
 
 Fuller says ( Worthies, Northumber- 
 land), " plentifully furnished with f owle 
 of that feather." 
 
 To be instant with that importunity, where 
 a people is sufficiently enrich'd already in 
 all knowledge, some perhaps would apply 
 the old proverb unto it, that it were to bring 
 owls to Athens. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 217. 
 
 Our soil produces more Politicks than all 
 Europe besides ; so that to transport foreign 
 is to send otcls to Athens. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 545. 
 
 OWLY, purblind. 
 
 Now Adam's fault was not indeed so light 
 As seems to reason's sin-bleard owlie sight. 
 Sylvester, The Imposture, 535. 
 
 Leaue a twinckling eye to owlie sights. 
 Breton, Packet of Letters, p. 26. 
 
 OWLY EYED, owl-eyed. 
 
 Their wicked minds, blind to the light of 
 Virtue, and owly eyed in the night of wicked- 
 ness. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 303. 
 
 OWN, private ; selfish. 
 
 "We do not lay aside Common Prayer 
 of our own accord, or out of any dislike 
 thereof, neither in contempt of our lawful 
 governors or of the laws, nor out of any base 
 compliance with the times, or other unworthy 
 secular own ends. Sanderson, v. 55. 
 
 OWNNESS, individuality. 
 
 Napoleon, . . . with his ownness of impulse 
 and insight, with his mystery and strength, 
 in a word, with his originality (if we will 
 understand that), reaches down into the 
 region of the perennial and primeval. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 198. 
 
 OXBOWE, the bow of wood that goes 
 round the draught ox's neck. 
 With oxbowes and oxyokes, and other things 
 
 mo, 
 For oxteeme and horseteeme in plough for 
 
 to go. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 36. 
 
 OXBOY, boy who tends cattle : always 
 now called cow-bay. 
 The oxboy as ill is as hee, 
 
 Or worser, if worse may be found. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 143. 
 
 OXRUNG, a staff used in driving oxen. 
 
 Admetus's neatherds give Apollo a draught 
 of their goatskin whey bottle (well if they do 
 not give him strokes with their oxrunys),not 
 dreaming that he is the Sun-God. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 OXTEAM, a team of oxen. See extract 
 s. v. OXBOWE. 
 
 And Goad-man Sangar, whose industrious 
 
 hand 
 With Ox-teem tils his tributarie land. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 711. 
 
 OXY, pertaining to an ox. 
 He took his arrow by the nock, and to his 
 
 bended breast 
 The oxy sinew close he drew. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, iv. 139. 
 
 OYSTER. A stopping or choking 
 oyster is used of a retort or device 
 which puts another to silence. The 
 first and lust quotations are from the 
 notes to Roberts's edition of Udal's 
 Erasmus. 
 
 I have a stopping oyster in my poke. 
 Skelton, ed. Di/ce, i. 48. 
 
 At an other season to a feloe laiyng to 
 his rebuke that he was ouer deintie of his 
 mouthe and diete, he did with this reason 
 giue a stopping oistre. Udal's Apophthegmes 
 of Erasmus, p. 61. 
 
 Herewithall his wife to make up my mouth, 
 Not onely her husband's taunting tale avouth, 
 But thereto deviseth to cast in my teeth 
 Checks and choking oysters. 
 
 Heytcood's Proverbs, cap. xi. 
 
 OYSTERER, an oyster-seller. 
 
 Not scorning scullions, coblers, colliers, 
 Jakes-farmers, fidlers, ostlers, oysterers. 
 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 267. 
 
 OZIMUS, probably an iron ore. Bailey 
 in his Diet, gives " Osmunds, the oar of 
 which iron is made (Old Statute)." 
 H. also has " Osmond, a kind of iron." 
 
 He sent ozimus, steel, copper, &c. Heylin, 
 Hist.ofRef.,i.232. 
 
 PABOOCHES, slippers. 
 
 feet are in my pabouches ; it's the way all 
 over the East. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 
 187. 
 PACABLE, placable; peaceable. It 
 
 occurs again in ch. x. of The Virgini- 
 
 I always drink my coffee as soon as my ans. 
 
 The august prince who came to rule over 
 England was the most parable of sovereigns. 
 Thackeray, 1'irgimans, ch. iii. 
 
 That last Roundabout Paper . . . was
 
 PACIF1CITY 
 
 (467 ) 
 
 PAINTERL Y 
 
 written iu a pacalle and not unchristian frame 
 of miud. Ibid., Roundabout Papers, vi. 
 
 PACIFICITY, pacific influence or inten- 
 tions. 
 
 We are hoping here for peace, and trust- 
 ing with the old confidence in Mr. Pitt's 
 pacificity. W. Taylor, 1800 (Robberdis Me- 
 moir, i. 356). 
 
 PACIFICOUS, quiet; peaceful. 
 
 He watch'd when the king's affections 
 were most still and pacificous ; and besought 
 his Majesty to think considerately of his 
 chaplain. Racket, Life of Williams, i. 63. 
 
 Such as were transported with warmth to 
 be a fighting prevail'd in number before the 
 pacificous. Ibid., i. 79. 
 
 PACK, a terra of reproach. The only 
 reason for giving an example of such a 
 common word is that it is rare to find 
 it without " naughty " prefixed. It is 
 also in the quotation addressed to a 
 boy, not, as is more usual, to a woman. 
 
 Codes. God save you, sir ! 
 
 Master. "What does this idle pack want ? 
 Bailey 1 s Erasmus, p. 44. 
 
 PACKING PENNY. To give a packing 
 penny = to dismiss, as with a parting 
 present. The speaker is joking her 
 sister, who had seemed averse to mar- 
 riage, on her having changed her mind. 
 
 Will you give 
 
 A packing penny to virginity ? 
 I thought you'd dwell so long in Cypres isle, 
 You'd worship Madam Venus at the length. 
 Jonson, Case is Altered, iii. 3. 
 
 PACKPAUNCH, a devourer. Stany- 
 hurst (J2n., iv. 187) calls Rumour "a 
 foule fog packpaunch" The original 
 is merely " Monstrum horrendum in- 
 gens." 
 
 PACTURE, composition. 
 
 The stone of this country has naturally 
 a slaty pacture, aud splits easily. Arch., 
 xxxiv. 92(1851). 
 
 PAD, a reptile ; abbreviation of pad- 
 dock, which properly is a toad. See 
 extract s. v. JUNONICAL. 
 
 Master Bailey, sir, ye be not such a fool, 
 well I know, but ye perceive by this lingring 
 there is a pad in the straw (thinking that 
 Hodg his head was broke, and that gam- 
 mer wold not let him come before them). 
 Gammer Gurton's Needle, v. 2. 
 
 I haue . . . poynted to the strawe where 
 the padd lurkes, that euery mau at a gliinse 
 might descry the beaste. Gosson, Schoole of 
 Abuse, p. 63. 
 
 Latct ant/uis hi herld, there is a pad in the 
 straw, and invisible mischief lurking therein. 
 Fuller, Pisyah Sight, III. (Pt. II.) viii. 3. 
 
 PADDING. L. gives pad, to travel 
 gently, but adds no example. In the 
 extract it seems rather to denote quick 
 movement. 
 
 Mercy looking behind her saw, as she 
 thought, something most like a lyon, and it 
 came a great padding pace after. Pile/rim's 
 Progress, ii. 105. 
 
 PAD-NAG, to amble. 
 
 Will it not moreover give him pretence 
 and excuse oftener than ever to pad-nay it 
 hither to good Mrs. Howe's fair daughter? 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 235. 
 
 PAD-STAFF, pack-staff (?). 
 
 With his Pad-staffe he did dig a square 
 hole about it. Fuller, Worthies, Surrey (ii. 
 355). 
 
 PAGAN, a prostitute. 
 
 In all these places 
 
 I have had my several payans billeted 
 For my own tooth. 
 
 Massinyer, City Madam, ii. 1. 
 
 PAGGED, pregnant. Query, bagged. 
 
 The male deere puts out the veluet head, 
 and the payyed doe is neere her fawning. 
 Breton, Fantastickes (May). 
 
 PAGGLE, to dangle ; hang heavily (?). 
 In the second extract Nashe's meaning 
 seems to be that Hero was pregnant. 
 And forty kine with fair and fournish'd 
 
 heads, 
 With strouting dugs that paggle to the 
 
 ground, 
 
 Shall serve thy dairy, if thou wed with me. 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 171. 
 
 Hero . . was payled and timpanized, and 
 sustained two losses under one. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 169). 
 
 PAILER, a straw bed or palliasse. 
 
 As for vs here in Italy, even as our maner 
 was in old time to lie and sleep vpon straw- 
 beds and chaffy couches, so at this day wee 
 vse to call our pailers still by the name of 
 Stramenta. Holland, Pliny, Bk. XIX. ch. i. 
 
 PAIN, to suffer. 
 
 So shalt thou cease to plague, and I to pain. 
 Daniel, Sonnet art. (Eng. Garner, i. 586). 
 
 PAINT, slang for to drink. 
 
 The muse is dry, 
 
 And Pegasus doth thirst for Hippocrene, 
 And fain would paint imbibe the vulgar 
 
 call 
 Or hot, or cold, or long, or short. 
 
 Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. xxiv. 
 
 PAINTERLY, pertaining to the work 
 of a painter. 
 
 A very white and red vertue, which you 
 could pick out of a painterly glose of a visage. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 47. 
 
 H H 2
 
 PAINTINGNESS 
 
 ( 468 ) 
 
 PALTOCKES 
 
 PAINTINGNESS, picturesqueness : so 
 we speak of word-painting. 
 
 One cannot enough praise the expression 
 aud paintinyness of the style. W. Taylor, 
 1801 (Robberds's Memoir, i. 374). 
 
 PALABRA, speech ; palaver (Spanish). 
 
 To conquer or die is no theatrical palabra 
 in these circumstances, but a practical truth 
 and necessity. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 PAL^EOETHNOLOGY, the science that 
 treats of ancient races or nations. See 
 L. s. v. ethnology. 
 
 It is of course of great importance to the 
 students of palatoethnology and archseology 
 to know what foundation of truth there was 
 in the notice of the particular position of 
 the necropolis. Arch<eoloyia,is\i\. 103 (1868). 
 
 PALESTRA, the gymnasium. 
 Make him athletic as in days of old, 
 Learn'd at the bar, in the palastra bold. 
 
 Cowper, Conversation, 842. 
 
 PALATE-MAN, epicure. Fuller again, 
 in speaking of garlic in Cornwall, writes, 
 " Our Palate people are much pleased 
 therewith " (i. 206). 
 
 "Whether these tame be as good as wild 
 pheasants, I leave to Pallate-men to decide. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Bucks (i. 134). 
 
 PALAVER, to chatter : very often with 
 a subaudition of humbug. 
 
 I had therefore sufficient occupation in 
 telling her nursery tales, and palavering the 
 little language for her benefit. Miss Bronte, 
 Villette, ch. xiii. 
 
 PALEMPOUR, a flowered stuff ; it some- 
 times also means an embroidered shawl 
 or robe worn as a sign of rank. The 
 name is probably from the town of 
 Palam-pur, in the north of Guzerat. 
 
 Oh, sir, says he, since the joining of the two 
 companies we have had the finest Bettelees, 
 Palempores, Bafts, and Jamwars come over 
 that ever were seen. T. Brown, Works, i. 
 213. 
 
 Scraps of costly Indian chintzes aud palem- 
 pours were intermixed with commoner black 
 and red calico in minute hexagons. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xii. 
 
 PALETOT, a light overcoat : a French 
 word, more common with us some years 
 ngo than now. See quotation from C. 
 Kingsley s. v. HEATHENDOM. 
 
 A fellow with a hat and beard like a bandit, 
 a shabby paletot, aud a great pipe between 
 his teeth. Thackeray, Misc., ii. 393. 
 
 Instead of the threadbare rusty black coat 
 of the morning, he wore one of light drab 
 which looked as if it had once been a hand- 
 
 some loose paletot, now shrunk with washing. 
 G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 PALIMPSEST, a term more commonly 
 applied to MS. written on a previously 
 used parchment. In the extract the 
 word refers to sepulchral brasses en- 
 graved on each side. 
 
 Palimpsest brasses are also found at Berk- 
 hampstead. Arch., xxx. 124 (1843). 
 
 PALINODICAL, retracting. 
 
 Hor. I writ out of hot blood, which being 
 
 cool, 
 I could be pleas'd, to please you, to quaff 
 
 down 
 
 The poisou'd ink in which I dip'd your name. 
 Tuc. Say'st thou so, my palinodical 
 rhymster ? 
 
 Dekker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, 
 Eny. Dr., iii. 160). 
 
 PALISADO, to enclose with palisades. 
 
 The Ditch is palisadoed. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Britain, i. 6. 
 
 Such a fosse as we make with a cuvette in 
 the middle of it, and with covered ways and 
 counterscarps pallisadoed along it. Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, ii. 60. 
 
 PALLATEEN. 
 
 Here one they found stufft quite brimfull 
 Of patches, paints, and Spanish wooll, 
 With top-knots fine to make 'em pretty, 
 "With tippet, pallateen, aud settee. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 63. 
 
 PALM FULL, fruitful in palm-trees. 
 Neare where Idume's dry aud sandy Soil 
 Spreads palmfull forrests dwelt a man yer- 
 
 while. Sylvester, Job Triumphant, 67. 
 
 PALPITANT, trembling ; palpitating. 
 
 The grocer, palpitant, with drooping lip 
 sees his sugar taxe. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. 
 Bk. V. ch. iv. 
 
 PALSY, used adjectivally for palsied. 
 Mark what a pure vermiliou blush has dyed 
 Their swelling cheeks, and how for shame 
 
 they hide 
 Their palsy heads, to see themselves staud 
 
 by 
 Neglected. Quarles, Emblems, i. 1. 
 
 Bind up the palsy knees, that are not well 
 knit up in the joints. Sanderson, i. 404. 
 
 PALTERLY, paltry. 
 
 It is instead of a wedding dinner for his 
 daughter, whom I saw in palterly clothes, 
 nothing new, but a bracelet that her servant 
 had given her. Pepys, Feb. 22, 1666-67. 
 
 PALTOCKES INNE, a very poor place. 
 
 Comming to Chenas, a blind village, in 
 comparison of Athens a Paltorkes Inne, he 
 found one Miso well governing his house. 
 Gosson, Schoole of Abuse, p. 52.
 
 PALTRER 
 
 ( 469 ) PAN-PUDDING 
 
 Swiftlye they determine! too flee from a 
 
 countrye so wycked, 
 Paltocks Inne leauing,too wrinche thee nauye 
 
 too southward. Stanyhurst, ^En., iii. 65. 
 
 PALTRER, a shuffler. 
 
 There be of you, it may be, that will ac- 
 count me a paltrer for hanging out the signe 
 of the Redde-herring in my title-page, and 
 no such feast towards for ought you can 
 see. JVaslie, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc.. vi. 
 149). 
 
 PALUDAMENT, a military cloak. A 
 Latin word Anglicized. 
 
 Immediately came " sweeping by," in gor- 
 geous paludaments, Paulus or Marius, girt 
 round by a company of centurions. De 
 Quincey, Opium Eater, p. 144. 
 
 PALUDIOUS, marshy. 
 
 The lions in Mesopotamia . . are destroyed 
 by gnats ; their importunity being such in 
 those paludious places, that the lions by 
 rubbing their eyes grow blind, and so are 
 drowned. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 60. 
 
 PAMPHLETEERING, writing or publish- 
 ing pamphlets. 
 
 By pamphleteering we shall not win. 
 Pamphlets are now too common. C. Kings- 
 ley, 1870 (Life, ii. 346). 
 
 PAMPILIAN, stuff such as that of 
 which servants' coats were made. 
 SeeH. 
 
 Lolio's side coat is rough pampilian, 
 Gilded with drops that down the bosom ran. 
 Hall, Sat., IV. ii. 19. 
 
 PAN. To savour of the pan = to 
 savour of the source whence it pro- 
 ceeds, to betray its origin ; also to 
 savour of heresy ; see second quota- 
 tion. Southey, in a note, remarks that 
 the French have an equivalent phrase, 
 " sentir le fagot" 
 
 Let him translate a work of .^Eneas Sylvius, 
 De gestis Basiliensis Concilii ; in the which, 
 although there be many things that savour- 
 eth of the pan, and also he himself was after- 
 ward a bishop of Rome, yet I dare say the 
 papists would glory but a little to see such 
 books go forth in English. Ridley to Bern- 
 here, 1554 (Bradford, ii 160). 
 
 Bishop Nix of Norwich, one of the most 
 infamous for his activity in this persecution, 
 used to call the persons whom he suspected 
 of heretical opinions, " men savouring of the 
 frying-pan." Southey, Book of the Church, 
 ch. xi. 
 
 PANARET, all- virtuous one. 
 "Wilt have our bodies which Thou didst 
 
 create ? 
 
 Then take them to Thee, Thou true Panaret, 
 Dairies, Holy Eoode, p. 13. 
 
 PANDEAN PIPES, a wind instrument 
 made of reeds fastened together, such 
 as Pan is represented playing. Cf. 
 PANPIPE. 
 
 He looked abroad into the street ; all there 
 was dusk and lonely ; the rain falling heavily, 
 the wind playing Pandean pipes, and whist- 
 ling down the chimney-pots. Thackeray, 
 Shabby Genteel Story, ch. iv. 
 
 PANDOLA, a musical instrument mis- 
 print for Italian pandora, English pan- 
 dore or bandore, a sort of lute (?). 
 
 Their raw red fingers, gross as the pipes 
 of a chamber - organ, which had been em- 
 ployed in milking the cows, in twirling the 
 mop or churn - staff, being adorned with 
 diamonds, were taught to thrum the pan- 
 dola, and even to touch the keys of the 
 harpsichord. Smollett, L. Greaves, ch. iii. 
 
 PANEGYRE, praise ; panegyric. 
 Instead of costly Suits of curious showes, 
 Of precious Gifts, ef solemn Paneyyres, 
 Accept a Heart. 
 
 Sylvester, Maiden's Blush (Dedic.). 
 
 PANEGYRICK, to praise. 
 
 I had rather be reproach'd for sobriety 
 than caress'd for intemperance ; and lam- 
 pooned for a virtue than paneyyrick'd for a 
 vice. Gentleman Instructed, p. 539. 
 
 PANGFDL, tortured ; suffering. 
 
 Overwhelmed with grief and infirmity, he 
 bowed his head upon his panyful bosom. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vii. 224. 
 
 PANNEL, to saddle, used chiefly of 
 mules or asses. 
 
 He saddled Rosinante with his own hands, 
 and pannelled his squire's beast. Jarvis's 
 Don Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. III. ch. iii. 
 
 PANNIERED, loaded with panniers. 
 Cf. HAMPERED. 
 
 Small change it made in Peter's heart 
 To see his gentle panniered train 
 With more than vernal pleasure feeding, 
 Where'er the tender grass was leading 
 Its earliest green along the lane. 
 
 Wordsworth, Peter Bell, Pt. I. 
 
 PANPIPE, a pipe of reeds such as Pan 
 was represented with. Cf. PANDEAN 
 
 PIPE. 
 
 At the end of the lime-tree avenue is a 
 broken - nosed damp Faun with a marble 
 
 rnpipe, who pipes to the spirit ditties which 
 believe never had any tune. Thackeray, 
 The Neiccomes, ch. xlvii. 
 
 PAN - PUDDING, pancake. H. says, 
 "A mention of the pan -puddings of 
 Shropshire occurs in Taylor s Works, 
 1630, i. 146."
 
 ( 47 ) 
 
 PARADISIAC 
 
 Their buttocks 
 Have left a peck of flour in them ; beat thorn 
 
 carefully 
 
 Over a bolting-hutch, there will be enough 
 For a pan-pudding. 
 
 Middleton, Mayor of Quinlorouyh, Act V. 
 
 Your begging progress is to ramble out 
 this summer among your father's tenants ; 
 and 'tis in request among gentlemen's 
 daughters to devour their cheesecakes, ap- 
 ple-pies, cream and custards, flapjacks, and 
 pan-puddings. Uroome, Jovial Crete, Act II. 
 
 PANTALOON. That this article of 
 dress was once only used by gentry 
 is shown in the first quotation. See 
 quotations s. vv. CRAVAT STRING and 
 TITUPPING. 
 
 I could not but wonder to see pantaloons 
 and shoulder-knots crowding among the 
 common clowns. Jtorth, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 273. 
 
 St. Pantaleon . . . was in more especial 
 fashion at Venice ; and so many of the grave 
 Venetians were in consequence named after 
 him, that the other Italians called them 
 generally Pantaloni in derision. . . . Now 
 the Venetians wore long small-clothes ; these 
 as being the national dress were called Pan- 
 taloni also ; and when the trunk - hose of 
 Elizabeth's days went out of fashion we re- 
 ceived them from France with the name of 
 pantaloons. Southey, Tlie Doctor, Interchap- 
 ter xx. 
 
 PANTER, the butler, or keeper of the 
 pantry. 
 
 Though all the bread be committed unto 
 the panter, yet for his fellows with him, 
 which give the thanks unto their lord, and 
 recompense the panter again with other kind 
 of service in their offices. Tyndale, i. 466. 
 
 PANTILE, dissenting. Grose says, be- 
 cause dissenting chapels were so often 
 roofed with pantiles. 
 
 Mr. Tickup's a good churchman, mark 
 that ! He is none of your occasional cattle, 
 none of your hellish pantile crew. Centlivre, 
 Gotham Election. 
 
 This rascal Sly was against the peace, I 
 remember it well ; and I'll have you hang'd 
 for 't, I will, you pantile monster. Ibid. 
 
 PANYARD, pannier. 
 
 I saw a man riding by that rode a little 
 way upon the road with me last night, and 
 he being going with venison in his panyards 
 to London, I called him in, and did give 
 him his breakfast with me.Pepys, Aug. 7, 
 1661. 
 
 PAPALIST, Pnpist. 
 
 Patriot 1'Escuyer . . . determines on going 
 to Church in company with a friend or two, 
 not to hear mass, which he values little, but 
 
 to meet all the 'Papalists there in a body. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Ft. II. Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 PAPERY, like paper ; thin, fluttering. 
 His kitling eyes begin to runne 
 Quite through the table, where he spies 
 The homes of paperie butterflies. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 126. 
 
 PAPISH, Papist. 
 
 Mark my last words an honest living get; 
 Beware of Papishes, and learn to knit. 
 
 Gay, The What d" ye call it ? ii. 5. 
 
 They were no better than Papifhes who 
 did not believe in witchcraft. Smollett, Sir 
 L. Greaves, ch. vii. 
 
 PAPMEAT, milk for babes. 
 
 I cannot bide Sir Baby . . . 
 
 Keep him oflf 
 
 And pamper him with papmeat, if ye will, 
 Old milky fables of the wolf and sheep, 
 Such as the wholesome mothers tell their 
 boys. Tennyson, Pelleas and Ettare. 
 
 PAPYRAL, formed of paper. 
 
 Uncle Jack, whose pocket was never with- 
 out a wet sheet of some kind, drew forth a 
 steaming papyral monster. Lytton, Caxtons, 
 Bk. VII. ch. ii. 
 
 PAR, "a small fish, not unlike a 
 smelt, which it rivals in delicacy and 
 flavour" (note by Smollett). 
 
 The ruthless pike intent on war, 
 The silver eel, and mottled par. 
 
 Ode to Leven- Water (H. Clinker, 
 
 ii. 82). 
 
 " Eachin resembles Conachar," said the 
 Glover, " no more than a salmon resembles a 
 par, though men say they are the same fish 
 in a different state." Scott, Fair Maid of 
 Perth, ii. 216. 
 
 Through the water, splash squire, viscount, 
 steward and hounds, to the horror of a shoal 
 of par, the only visible tenants of a pool 
 which after a shower of rain would be alive 
 with trout. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 PARACHUTE, to send down as in a 
 parachute. See extract from Colman 
 s. v. BALLOON. 
 
 PARADER, admirer: at least this 
 seems its meaning in the extract, the 
 idea perhaps being of a lover parading 
 before his mistress, and endeavour- 
 ing to show himself off to the best 
 advantage. 
 
 What think you, my dear, of compromis- 
 ing with your friends, by rejecting both 
 your men and encouraging my parader. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harloice, ii. 3. 
 
 PARADISIAC, belonging to paradise.
 
 PARADO 
 
 PARCELLIZE 
 
 The paradisiac beauty and simplicity of 
 tropic humanity. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. xl. 
 
 PARADO, parade; display. The 
 earliest example of parade (which we 
 get from the French) in the Diets, is 
 from Paradise Lost (iv. 79), which 
 was published eight years after Gau- 
 den's book appeared. The word will 
 be found again at p. 190, "all this 
 bustling and parado." 
 
 No less terrible was this paradox and 
 parado of Presbyterian Discipline and 
 Severity. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 16. 
 
 PARAFRONT, a superf rental: the hang- 
 ing which covers the top of the altar, 
 as distinguished from the frontal or suf- 
 front that covers the side. 
 
 What is setapart to God should be differenc'd 
 in its name from common things, that religion 
 might have a dialect proper to itself, as 
 paten, chalice, corporal, albe, parafront, suf- 
 front, for the hangings above and beneath 
 the table. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 107. 
 
 The main engine at this time for advancing 
 money was the speeding of a commission in- 
 to all parts of the realm ... to seize upon all 
 hangings, altar - cloths, fronts, parafronts, 
 copes of all sort, with all manner of plate. 
 Heylin, Reformation, i. 281. 
 
 PARAGE, equality. 
 
 He thought it a disparagement to have a 
 parage with any of his rank ; and out of 
 emulation did dry his substance that it might 
 not flow so fast into charitable works. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 115. 
 
 PARAGONIZE, to compare ; and so to 
 exalt by comparison. See an example 
 
 8. V. ESMAYLB. 
 
 Though we might call this figure very well 
 and properly the Paragon, yet dare I not so 
 to doe for feare of the courtiers' enuy, who 
 will haue no man vse that term but after a 
 courtly manner, that is, in praysing of horses, 
 haukes. hounds, pearles, diamonds, rubies, 
 emerodes. and other precious stones ; speci- 
 ally of faire women whose excellencie is 
 discoHered by paragoni:ing or setting one to 
 another, which moved the zealous poet, 
 speaking of the mayden Queene to call her 
 the paragon of Queenes. Puttenham, Eny. 
 Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 PARAGONLESS, unsurpassed. 
 
 Having had good cheare at their tables 
 more than once or twice whiles I loytered in 
 this paragonlesse fish-town, citty, towne or 
 cuntry . Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 163). 
 
 PARALLELOGRAM, an instrument for 
 copying designs, prints, &c., now called 
 a pentayraph. 
 
 This evening Mr. Spong come, and sat late 
 with me, and first told me of the instrument 
 called a parallelogram, which I must have 
 one of, shewing me his practice thereon by a 
 map of England. Pepys, Oct. 27, 1668. 
 
 To see Mr. Spong . . . and there I had most 
 infinite pleasure, not only with his ingenuity 
 in general, but in particular with his showing 
 me the use of the parallelogram, by which 
 he drew in a quarter of a hour before me, in 
 little from a great, a most neat map of Eng- 
 land, that is, all the outlines. Ibid., Dec. 9, 
 1668. 
 
 PARALLELOGRAMICAL, in the form of 
 a parallelogram. 
 
 Rhomboides is & parallelogrammical figure, 
 with unequall sides and oblique angles. 
 H. More, Interpretation General. 
 
 The table being parallelogramical and very 
 narrow, it afforded a fair opportunity for 
 Yorick, who sat directly over against Phuta- 
 torius, of slipping the chestnut in. Trist. 
 Shandy, iii. 213. 
 
 PARALOGIZE, to reason falsely; 
 though in the subjoined extract the idea 
 of falseness does not seem intended. 
 
 I had a crotchet in my head here to have 
 given the raines to my pen, and run astray 
 thorowout all the coast-townes of England 
 . . . and commented and paralogized on their 
 condition in the present and in the preter 
 tense. NasKs Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 153). 
 
 PARAMOUR. The subjoined is a late 
 instance of the use of this word in an 
 honourable sense. No scandal is implied 
 by it against Lieutenant Lismahago 
 and Mrs. Tabitha Bramble. 
 
 But my aunt and her paramour took the 
 pas, and formed indeed such a pair of originals 
 as, I believe, all England could not parallel. 
 Humphrey Clinker, ii. 199. 
 
 PARASITAL, parasitical. 
 
 He saw this parasital monster fixed upon 
 his entrails, like the vulture on those of the 
 classic sufferer in mythological tales. Lytton, 
 What mil he do with it ? Bk. VIII. ch. vii. 
 
 PARASOL, to shade as with a parasol. 
 And if no kindly cloud will parasol me, 
 My very cellular membrane will be changed, 
 I shall be negrofied. 
 
 Southey, Nondescripts, iii. 
 
 Frondent trees parasol the streets, thanks 
 to nature and the Virgin. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 268. 
 
 PARCELLIZE, to divide. 
 
 And that same majesty which (as the base 
 And pedestal) supports the waight and grace, 
 Greatness and glory of a well-rul'd state, 
 Is not extinguisht nor extenuate,
 
 PARCER Y 
 
 (47* ) 
 
 PARQUETTED 
 
 By being parcelliz'd to a plurality 
 Of petty Kinglings. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 1154. 
 
 PARCERY, apportionment. 
 This part was to Helenus by wylled par- 
 cerye lotted. Stanyhurst, &n., iii. 347. 
 
 PARCHFULLY, dimly. 
 
 In the den are drumming gads of steele 
 parchfully sparckling. Stanyhurst, Conceites, 
 p. 137. 
 
 PARCHMENTARIAN, a book bound in 
 parchment. 
 
 Brackets in my study . . support the parch- 
 mentarians. Southey, Letter's, 1808 (ii. 63). 
 
 PARCHMENT" LACE, lace of a superior 
 quality ; made with gold or silver. 
 See PASSEMENT. 
 
 Nor gold nor silver parchment lace 
 
 "Was worne but by our nobles, 
 Nor would the honest, harmless face 
 "Weare ruffes with so many doubles. 
 Roxburgh Ballads, ii. 450. 
 
 PARELIES. " Trap/jAia are vivid clouds 
 which bear the image of the Sunne " 
 (H. More, Interpretation Generall)- 
 And though these outward forms and gawdy 
 
 features 
 
 May quail like rainbows in the roscid sky, 
 Or glistring Parelies on other meteors, 
 Yet the clear Light doth not to nothing flie. 
 
 H. More, Immortality of the Soul, I. iii. 25. 
 
 PARENTELE. H. has this word 
 (though" without example) as meaning 
 kindred ; in the extract it seems to 
 signify parentage. The same writer 
 in his Life of Lord Guilford, when 
 giving an account of the family puts 
 in the margin, " Family and jjarentele." 
 See also ii. 209. 
 
 There were not so many noble families 
 strove for him, as there were cities strove 
 for the parentele of Homer. North, Ex- 
 amen, p. 223. 
 
 PARGE WORK, work that is pargeted 
 or plastered. 
 
 A border of f reet or parge icorke .... the 
 seeling is of the same fret or parye worke. 
 Survey of Manor of Wimbledon, 1(549 (Arch., 
 x. 403). 
 
 PARK. The extract contains one of 
 Fuller's etymologies, which seems worth 
 preserving. 
 
 The word Parcvs appears in Varro (deriv'd 
 no doubt a parcendo, to spare or save) for a 
 place wherein such cattle [Deer] are pre- 
 served. Fuller, Worthies, Oxford (i. 217). 
 
 PARLIAMENT, conference ; parley. 
 
 And in the 42. yeere of the same king, 
 in Carbry, after a certain Parliament ended 
 betweene the Irish and English, there were 
 taken prisoners. Holland's Camden, ii. 194. 
 
 PARLIAMENT, a sweetmeat. 
 Roll, roll thy hoop, and twirl thy tops, 
 And buy, to glad thy smiling chops, 
 Crisp parliament with lollypops, 
 And fingers of the Lady. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected 
 Addresses, p. 85. 
 
 PARLIAMENT CHRISTMAS, a name 
 given by some to Christmas day on 
 the change from the old style to the 
 new. One of my parishioners who 
 died at an advanced age in 1866 
 would never acknowledge that we kept 
 Christmas on the right day ; she knew 
 that Jan. 6th was the proper anniver- 
 sary, because once, as a girl, she had 
 seen bees swarming at midnight on 
 Jan. 5th. 
 
 Both Christmas Days were kept at the 
 Grange. There were people in those times 
 who refused to keep what they called Par- 
 liament Christmas. But whether the old 
 computation or the new were right was a 
 point on which neither the master nor mis- 
 tress of this house preteuded to give an 
 opinion. Southey, The Doctor, ch. cix. 
 
 PARODIST, writer of a parody. 
 
 "We hardly know which to consider as the 
 greater object of compassion in this case 
 the original Odist, thus parodied by his 
 friend, or the mortified Parodist, thus muti- 
 lated by his printer. Poetry of Antijacobin, 
 p. 24. 
 
 PAROXYSM, a quarrel ; the word is 
 used curiously in the quotation from 
 Milton, for a great quantity. 
 
 The greatest contention happening here 
 was the paroxysm betwixt Paul and Barna- 
 bas. Fuller, Pisyah Sight, IV. i. 29. 
 
 The paroxisme continued and encreased 
 betwixt the Seotish Bishops . . . and such 
 who celebrated Easter afteithe Roman rite. 
 Ibid., Ch. Hist., II. ii. 88. 
 
 In the very midst of the paroxisme between 
 Hooker and Travers, the latter still bare 
 (and none can challenge the other to the 
 contrary) a reverend esteem of his adversary. 
 Ibid. IX. vii. 59. 
 
 I will not run into a paroxysm of citations 
 again in this point. Milton, Reformation in 
 Eng., Bk. i. 
 
 PAROXYSMIC, spasmodic. 
 
 Like the Quakers, they fancy that they 
 honour inspiration by supposing it to be 
 only extraordinary and paroxysmic. C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xv. 
 
 PARQDETTED, inlaid.
 
 PARREE 
 
 ( 473 ) PASSAMENTED 
 
 The roomes are wainscotted, and some of 
 them parquetted with cedar, yew, cypresse, 
 &c. Evelyn, Diary, Aug. 23, 1678. 
 
 PARREE, fencing-bout ; parry (?) 
 Mr. George Jefferies and one of the 
 
 prisoner's witnesses had a parree of wit. 
 
 North, Examen, p. 589. 
 
 PARRHESY, boldness of speech 
 (Greek, irappqvia). 
 
 An honest and innocent parrhesy or free- 
 dome of speech such as becomes the Messen- 
 ger of Heaven, the Minister of Christ, and 
 the Ambassadour of God. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 274. 
 
 PARROT, to chatter, like a parrot. 
 
 Put you in mind in whose presence you 
 stand ; if you parrot to me long, go to 
 Chapman, Widdoices Teares. Act V. 
 
 "Well," said Mr. Riderhood, quailing a 
 little, " I am willing to be silent for the 
 purpose of hearing ; but don't Poll Parrot 
 me." Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, Bk. II. 
 ch. xii. 
 
 PARSON AND CLERK, a children's game, 
 explained by the quotations. 
 
 Age has not only made me prudent, but, 
 luckily, lazy, and without this latter extin- 
 guisher, I do not know but that farthing 
 caudle my discretion would let my snuff of 
 life flit to the last sparkle of folly, like 
 what children call the parson and clerk in a 
 bit of burnt paper. Walpole, Letters, iv. 455 
 (1788). 
 
 So when a child, as playful children use, 
 Has burnt to tinder a stale last-year's news, 
 The flame extinct, he views the roving fire, 
 There goes my lady, and there goes the 
 
 squire ; 
 
 There goes the parson, oh ! illustrious spark, 
 And there, scarce less illustrious, goes the 
 
 clerk. 
 
 Cowper, On observing some names 
 of little note in the Bioy. Brit. 
 
 PARSONET, a little parson, jocosely 
 applied to a parson's child. 
 
 The Parson dearly lov'd his darling pets, 
 Sweet, little, ruddy, ragged, Parsonets. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 132. 
 
 PARSONIC, pertaining to a parson. 
 See quotation s. v. SAP. 
 
 Vain-Glory glow'd in his parsonick heart. 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 138. 
 
 Hence he, in culm parsonic state, 
 
 Approach 'd the lordly mansion gate. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour iii. c. 5. 
 
 His manners I think you said were not 
 to your taste priggish and parsonic? C. 
 Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 PARSON'S WEEK, lasts from Monday 
 till the Saturday week following. 
 
 Get my duty done for a Sunday, so that I 
 may be out a Parson's week. J. Price, 1800, 
 in Life of H. F. Carey, i. 144. 
 
 PARTILE. " Partile aspect (in Astro- 
 logy), the most exact and full aspect 
 that can be " (Bailey's Diet. ). 
 
 Saturn was lord of my genitnre, culmin- 
 ating, &c., and Mars principal significator of 
 manners in partile conjunction with mine 
 Ascendent. Burton, Democ. to Reader, p. 3. 
 
 PARTLESSE, explained by Davies in a 
 note " without good partes." 
 For man of woorth (say they) with parts 
 
 indow'd 
 
 The tymes doe not respect, nor wil relive, 
 But wholly vnto partlesse Spirits giue. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 72. 
 
 PARTLET, a hen. N. says that it is 
 used in this sense by Chaucer and 
 others down to Dryden, who is also 
 the last author quoted for it in the 
 other Diets. 
 
 I forgot to take your orders about your 
 poultry ; the partlets have not laid since I 
 went. Walpole, Letters, i. 130 (1746). 
 
 PASCHALISTS, disputers about the 
 proper time of Easter. 
 
 Tradition hath had very seldom the gift of 
 persuasion, as that which church histories 
 report of those east and western paschalists, 
 formerly spoken of, will declare. Milton, 
 Prelatical Episcopacy. 
 
 PASCHALL, a large candle used by 
 Eomanists at Easter. 
 
 After the Jewes be thus baptized, they be 
 brought into the church, and there they see 
 the hallowing of the paschall, which is a 
 mightie greate wax taper. Monday's Eng- 
 lish Romayne Life, 1590 (Harl. Misc., vii. 
 150). 
 
 PASIGRAPHY, a writing meant for 
 all, i. e. in a character and language 
 universally intelligible. Leibnitz con- 
 ceived the idea of such an universal 
 language. The illuminator's art is so 
 called, I suppose, as appealing to the 
 eyes of all alike, just as pictures have 
 been termed "the books of the un- 
 learned." 
 
 The illuminator of a manuscript blazons 
 in his pasigraphy only the capital of the 
 paragraph W. Taylor (Robberds's Memoirs, 
 ii. 53). 
 
 PASSAGE, to pass or cross. 
 Then Beauclerk passaged to Lady Daven- 
 ant. Miss Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xvii. 
 
 PASSAMENTED. See quotation and H. 
 s. v. passamen.
 
 PASSEMENT 
 
 ( 474 ) PATCH-PANNEL 
 
 Above this he wore, like others of his age 
 and degree, the Flemish hose and doublet, 
 which in honour of the holy tide were of 
 the best superfine English broad cloth, light 
 blue in colour, slashed out with black satin, 
 and passamented (laced, that is) with em- 
 broidery of black silk. Scott, Fair Maid of 
 Perth, i. 76. 
 
 PASSEMENT, lace. See H. s. v. />assa- 
 men : " pasmain lace of green caddis " 
 is mentioned in Pattoris Exped. to 
 Scotl., 1548 (Eng. Garner, iii. 92). 
 
 Figures and fignratiue speaches . . be the 
 flowers as it were, and coulours that a poet 
 setteth vpon his language of arte, as the em- 
 broderer doth his stone and perle or passe- 
 ments of gold vpon the stuffe of a princely 
 garment. Puttenkam, Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. i. 
 
 PASSIONAL, dealing with the passions. 
 
 The poetry, of course, is low and prosaic ; 
 only now and then, as in Wordsworth, con- 
 scientious ; or in Byron, passional; or in 
 Tennyson, factitious. Emerson, Eny. Traits, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 PASSIUNCLE, a miniature or petty 
 passion. Cf. CoNSClUNCLE. De Quin- 
 cey referring to the use of the word 
 vibratiuncle by Hartley says, 
 
 Now, of men and women generally, paro- 
 dying that terminology, we ought to say 
 not that they are governed by passions, or 
 at all capable of passions, but of passiuncles. 
 Autob. Sketches, i. 177. 
 
 PASSIVELESS, not passive. 
 Which Hate is no less great than He is good, 
 
 That's infinite, for nought in Him is lesse ; 
 Wert in him, as in us, a passive moode, 
 
 He were not God, for God is passiuelesse. 
 Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 20. 
 
 PASS-LAMB, paschal lamb. 
 
 I will compare circumcision with Baptism 
 and the pass lamb with Christ's supper. 
 Tyndale, iii. 245. 
 There's not a house but hath som body 
 
 slain, 
 Save th' Israelites, whose doors were markt 
 
 before 
 
 With sacred Pass-lamb's sacramentall gore. 
 Sylvester, Tht Lawe, 583. 
 
 PASS-MAN, superhuman. 
 The passe-man wisdom of th' Isacian prince, 
 A light so bright, set in such eminence, 
 (Unhideable by enuious arrogance 
 Vnder the bushell of black ignorance) 
 Shines euery where, illustrates euery place. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 1254. 
 
 PASS-PRAISE, beyond all praise. 
 
 That skin, whose pass-}rraise hue scorns 
 this poor term of white. Sidney, Astrophel 
 and Stella, 77. 
 
 PASTEBOARD, visiting card (slang). 
 
 I shall just leave a pasteboard; but I'm 
 not in the humour to be dancing about lion- 
 izing. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. 
 xxv. 
 
 PASTE EGGS. See extract. 
 
 In some part of the North of England 
 such eggs [Easter eggs] are still also pre- 
 sented to children at Easter, and called paste 
 (pasque) eggs. Arch., xv. 359 (1806). 
 
 PASTEL, a name given to (so-called) 
 coloured chalks made by grinding col- 
 ours, and making them up into a paste 
 with gum ; this is used instead of oil 
 or water-colours, and dries in the man- 
 ner of chalk. The term is also npplied 
 to the picture itself done in this way. 
 
 What awfully bad pastels there were on 
 the walls ! what frightful Boucher and Lan- 
 cret shepherds and shepherdesses leered over 
 the portieres. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 Mr. Lavender had finished another of 
 those charming heads in pastel, which at a 
 distance reminded one of Greuze. Black, 
 Princess of Thule, ch. iii. 
 
 PASTILLE, "small aromatic ball, 
 burnt to scent the air of a room " 
 (Latham, who gives no example). 
 
 Its rooms and passages steamed with 
 hospital smells, the drug and the pastille 
 striving vainly to overcome the effluvia of 
 mortality. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. ix. 
 
 PASTORIST, an actor of pastorals. 
 
 We are, sir, comedians, tragedians, tragi- 
 comedians, comi-tragedians, pastonsts, hu- 
 morists, clownists, satirists. Middleton, 
 Mayor of Quinborouyh, V. i. 
 
 PAST-PRICE, invaluable. 
 
 The Soule is such a precious thing 
 As costs the price of past-price deerest blond. 
 Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 6. 
 
 PASTY, like paste, white or flabby. 
 You're very pale and pasty. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. liii. 
 
 PATCH. To be not a patch on some 
 person or thing = to be not at all equal 
 to him or it. 
 
 Soldier, you are too late : he is not a patch 
 on you for looks, but then he has loved 
 me so long. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. 
 xxxvii. 
 
 PATCH - PANNEL, shabby ; botched : 
 also as a substantive, a ragged fellow. 
 
 Hang thee, patch-pannel ! Dekker, Satiro- 
 mastix (Hawkins, Eny. Dr., iii. 140). 
 
 Why, noble Cerberus, nothing but patch- 
 pannel stuff, old gallimawfries, and cotten 
 candle eloquence. Wily Beguiled, Prologue 
 (Ibid., iii. 293).
 
 PATCHY 
 
 ( 475 ) 
 
 PATRIZATE 
 
 PATCHY, cross. 
 
 " He'll be a bit patchy then, won't he ? " 
 " "Well, just for a while of course he will," 
 said Mrs. Moulder, " but there's worse than 
 him. To-morrow moruiug maybe he'll be 
 just as sweet as sweet ; it don't hang about 
 him sullen-like." Trollope, Orley Farm, vol. 
 II. ch. iii. 
 
 PATER COVE, a hedge priest (gipsy 
 slang) : also called patrico. See 
 Broome's Jovial Beggars. 
 
 My idea at the moment was to disguise 
 myself in the dress of the pater cove. Lytton, 
 Pelham, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 PATEREROS, chambered pieces of 
 ordnance. See H. who refers to Archce- 
 ologia, xxviii. 376, but gives no extract. 
 
 His habitation is defended by a ditch, over 
 which he has laid a draw-bridge, and planted 
 his courtyard with patereroes continually 
 loaded with shot. Smollett, Peregrine Pickle, 
 ch. i. 
 
 I can see the brass patararoes glittering on 
 her poop. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xix. 
 
 PATERNOSTER, a line to which hooks 
 are attached at given intervals, also, 
 leaden shots to sink it. The likeness 
 of these last to beads in a rosary gave 
 the name. In a rosary one bead larger 
 than the rest is called the Paternoster, 
 whence the name is sometimes applied 
 to the entire rosary. 
 
 " Here's your gudgeons and minnows, sir, 
 as you bespoke," quoth Harry, " and here's 
 that paternoster as you gave me to rig up." 
 C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. iii. 
 
 He . . saw through the osiers the hoary old 
 profligate with his paternoster pulling the 
 perch out as fast as he could put his line in. 
 H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. Lxiv. 
 
 PATERNOSTER WHILE, the brief time 
 occupied in saying the paternoster. 
 
 Alexander in his childhood excessiuely 
 making incense and sacrifice unto the goddes, 
 and euery pater noster whyle renning to take 
 still more of the frankincense. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 205. 
 
 PATIBULARY, pertaining to a pati- 
 bulum, or fork-shaped gibbet. 
 
 Infinitely terrible is the Gallows ; it be- 
 strides with its patilmlary fork the pit of 
 bottomless terror. Carlyle, Diamond Neck- 
 lace, ch. xvi. 
 
 Over all, rising as ark of their Covenant 
 the grim patilmlary fork, forty feet high. 
 Ibid., Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. II. ch. viii. 
 
 PATISH, to stipulate. See H. s. v. 
 patising. 
 
 [He was] let go immediatly vpon the 
 briugyng of the money which the pirates 
 
 patished for his raunsome. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 293. 
 
 PATOIS. See extract : the word may 
 be said to be naturalized among us. 
 
 Patois, from the Latin word patavinitas, 
 means no more than a provincial accent or 
 dialect. It takes its name from Patavium. 
 or Padua, which was the birthplace of Livy, 
 who, with all his merit as a writer, has ad- 
 mitted into his history some provincial ex- 
 pressions of his own country. Smollett, 
 France and Italy, Letter xxi. 
 
 PATRIARCH, applied to an English 
 Archbishop. Abp. Abbot was styled 
 by the Lord Keeper, " Primate and 
 Patriarch of all his [the King's] 
 Churches " (Rushworth, Hist. Coll., 
 i. 61). 
 
 This godly King was superabundant in 
 his care that the See of York should be richer 
 by parting with this house, as is manifest by 
 the Lord Keeper's letter sent to that worthy 
 Patriarch of the North [Abp. Toby Matthew]. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 187. 
 
 PATRIARCHDOM, a patriarchate ; the 
 office or rule of a patriarch. 
 
 "Whenever the pope shall fall, if his ruin 
 be not like the sudden downcome of a tower, 
 the bishops, when they see him tottering, 
 will leave him, and fall to scrambling, catch 
 who may, he a patriarchdam, and another 
 what comes next hand. Milton, Reformation 
 in Eng,, Bk. i. 
 
 PATRIARCHICAL. patriarchal. 
 
 The Patnarchicall Tradition and Practise 
 before the Law of Moses. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 519. 
 
 PATRICIATE, patrician order; nobility. 
 
 The professor stopped to deliver a lecture 
 or address on the villa of Hadrian .... It 
 was varied by portraits of the Emperor and 
 some of his companions, and after a rapid 
 glance at the fortunes of the imperial patri- 
 ciate, wound up with some conclusions favour- 
 able to communism. Disraeli, Lothair, ch. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 PATRIOTESS, female patriot. 
 
 A patriot (or some say it was a patriot ess, 
 and indeed the truth is undiscoverable), 
 while standing on the firm deal-board of 
 Fatherland's altar, feels suddenly with in- 
 describable torpedo-shock of amazement, bis 
 boot-sole pricked through from below. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 PATRIZATE, to imitate a father. 
 
 In testimony of his true affection to the 
 dead Father in his living Son, this Gentle- 
 man is thought to have penned that most 
 judicious and elegant Epistle (recorded in 
 Holinshed's History, page 1206) and pre- 
 sented it to the young Earl, conjuring him,
 
 PATROCINATE 
 
 (476) PAUNCH-GUTTED 
 
 by the cogent arguments of example and 
 rule, to patnzate. Fuller, Worthies, Hart- 
 ford (i. 431). 
 
 PATROCINATE, to support ; patronize. 
 
 Preach it up and patrocinate it, prattle on 
 it and defend it as much as you will, even 
 from hence to the next Whitsuntide, if you 
 please so to do, yet in the end you will be 
 astonished to find you shall have gained no 
 ground at all upon me. Urqultart's Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. III. ch. v. 
 
 PATROLLOTISM, system of military 
 police or patrols. See quotation s. v. 
 
 HOUSE-MOTHER. 
 
 The caricaturist promulgates his emblem- 
 atic tablature : Le Patroidllotisme chassant 
 le Patriotisme, Patriotism driven out by 
 Patrollotism.Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. 
 VII. ch. i. 
 
 FATTENED, wearing pattens. 
 
 "Wherever they went some pattened girl 
 stopped to courtesy, or some footman in 
 dishabille sneaked off. Miss Austen, North- 
 any er Abbey, ch. xxiii. 
 
 FATTENING. See first extract : it is 
 also used of going about in pattens. 
 
 He drew out of me all my story ques- 
 tioned me about the way " Lunnon folks " 
 lived, and whether they got any shooting or 
 " pattening " whereby I found he meant 
 skating. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xii. 
 
 These household cares involve much pat- 
 tening and counter-vattening in the back 
 yard. Dickens, Bleak House, ch. xxvii. 
 
 PATTENS. The tongiie on pattens, 
 i. e. clattering. 
 But there an ye had hard her, how she began 
 
 to scolde, 
 The tonge it ivere on patins. 
 
 Gammer Gurtons Needle (Hawkins, 
 Eng. Dr., i. 199). 
 
 PATTERNABLE, not unexampled. 
 
 If 'twere the fashion anywhere beside, 
 For Sense and Passion thus in chains to 
 
 lie, 
 
 Our souls it would not torture to be ty'd 
 In patternable slavery ; but why 
 
 Must all the World laugh at our Woes, 
 
 whilst We 
 
 The sole Examples of this bondage be. 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xx. st. 257. 
 
 PATTY-PAN, a little pan in which a 
 patty is placed. 
 
 Thy book with triumph may indulge its 
 
 pride ; 
 
 Preach to the patty-pans sententious stuff, 
 And hug that idol 01 the nose, called snuff. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 110. 
 
 PATULODS, open. L. gives it, but 
 only as a medical word. 
 
 The ear yet hears more than ever the eye 
 saw, and by reason of its patulous admission, 
 derives that to the understanding whereof 
 the sight never had a glance. Adams, iii. 15. 
 
 PAUCIFY, to make few. 
 
 We thought your exclusion of bishops 
 out of the upper house . . had been . . to 
 paucify the number of those you conceived 
 would countervote you. British Bellman, 
 1648 (Hurl. Misc., vii. 626). 
 
 PAUCILOQOIE, speaking little. 
 
 Fear no discredit by Pauciloyuie, 
 All Jesus's footsteps high and noble are ; 
 Never was stripped Sheep more mute than 
 He. Beaumont, Psyche, xx. st. 202. 
 
 PAUL'S PIGEONS. See extract. 
 Fuller refers to Stowe's Survey as his 
 authority for the nick-names. 
 
 Nicolas Heath was born and had his child- 
 hood in the City of London, being noted for 
 one of St. Anthonie's Pigs therein (so were 
 the Scholars of that School commonly called, 
 as those of St. Paul, Paul's Pigeons). Fuller, 
 Worthies, London (i. 65). 
 
 PAUL'S -WALKER, a quid mine or 
 gossip. See N. s. v. Paul's. 
 
 One Mr. Wiemark, a great Novilant and 
 constant Paul's walker. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Suffolk (ii. 336). 
 
 PAUM, to palm ; a late use of this 
 form. 
 
 To get rid of him he made an interest, and 
 panmed him upon the Turkey Company. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 53. 
 
 PAUNCH-BELLIED, pot-bellied. 
 
 Can you fancy that black - a - top, snub - 
 nosed, sparrow-mouthed, paunch-bellied crea- 
 ture? Bailey's Erasmus, p. 31. 
 
 PAUNCHED, stuffed with food ; the 
 usual meaning of the word is impaled, 
 or disembowelled. 
 
 Certain persones esteming and saiyng that 
 Demades had nowe geuen ouer to be soche 
 an haine as he had been in time past ; " Yea 
 marie (quoth Demosthenes) for nowe ye see 
 him f ul paunched as lions are." For Demades 
 was couetous and gredie of money ; and in 
 deede the lions are more gentle when their 
 bealies are well filled. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 382. 
 
 PAUNCH-GUT, pot-belly. 
 
 All that paunch-gut and little carcase of 
 thine is nothing but a sackful of proverbs 
 and sly remarks. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. 
 II. Bk. III. ch. xi. 
 
 PAUNCH-GUTTED, fat ; pot-bellied. 
 
 What would this paum-h-gutted fellow have 
 in this house? Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. 
 Bk. I. ch. ii.
 
 PAUNCHY 
 
 ( 477 ) 
 
 PEAKY 
 
 PAUNCHY, pot-bellied. 
 
 The gay old boys are paunchy old men in 
 the disguise of young ones. Sketches by Hoz 
 (Mr. John Dounce). 
 
 PAUPERESS, female pauper. 
 
 Everybody else in the room had fits, ex- 
 cept the wards-woman, an elderly able-bodied 
 pauperess. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, 
 lii. 
 
 PAUPERIZATION, making paupers: 
 usually applied in relation to injudi- 
 cious alms-giving, by which people are 
 encouraged to depend on the benevo- 
 lence of others instead of their own 
 exertions. 
 
 All the modern schemes for the ameliora- 
 tion which ignore the laws of competition 
 must end either in pauperization . . or in 
 the destruction of property. C. Kinysley, 
 Yeast, ch. vi. 
 
 There is no pauperization of the peasantry 
 around ; the theory is that Queen Tita and 
 Bell merely come in to save the cost of dis- 
 tribution, and that nothing is given away 
 gratis, except their charitable labour. 
 Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. xvi. 
 
 PAUPEROUS, poor. 
 
 If you believe there be a country and city 
 that lies eastward, a new Jerusalem, where 
 there are rich commodities, as rich as any in 
 the East Indies, send your prayers and good 
 works to factor there for you, and have a 
 stock employed in God's banks to panpermis 
 and pious uses. Ward, Sermons, p. 173. 
 
 PAVESADE. Cotton, in a note, ex- 
 plains it, " a defence of shields ranged 
 by one another." R. and H. have 
 pavese. 
 
 A number of harquebusiers drawn up 
 ready, and charg'd and all covered with a 
 pavesade, like a galliot. Cotton's Montaigne, 
 ch. Ixxrs. 
 
 PAVID, fearful. 
 
 Eagles go forth and bring home to their 
 eaglets the lamb or thepavid kid. Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, xxxii. 
 
 PAVONIAN, pertaining to a peacock. 
 
 Instinct or inspiration . . directed my 
 choice to the pawnian pen. Southey, The 
 Doctor, Preface. 
 
 PAWNABLE, capable of being pawned. 
 
 Gines, who had neither gratitude nor good- 
 nature, resolved to steal Sancho Panza's ass, 
 making no account of Rosinante, as a thing 
 neither pawnable nor saleable. Jarvis's Don 
 Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. III. ch. ix. 
 
 PEACHY, peachlike. 
 At this moment a beautiful little girl 
 about five years old got on the bed, and 
 
 nestled her peachy cheek against her mo- 
 ther's. H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. iii. 
 
 PEACOCK, to exhibit ; also to make 
 proud. Cf. French, se pavaner, and 
 see the second extract. 
 
 I can never deem that love which in 
 haughtie hearts proceeds of a desire only to 
 please, and as it were peacock themselves. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 57. 
 
 You who understand and feel Italian so 
 well, how expressive are some of its words ! 
 Pavoneyyiarsi ! untranslateable. One can- 
 not say well in English to peacock oneself . . . 
 An Englishman is too proud to boast too 
 bashful to strut ; if ever he peacocks himself, 
 it is in a moment of anger, not of display. 
 Miss Edgeworth, Helen, ch. xiv. 
 
 Tut, he was tame and weak enow with me, 
 Till peacocked up with Lancelot's noticing. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 PEACOCK IN HIS PRIDE. The bird is 
 so called when it has its tail fully dis- 
 played. At banquets a peacock was 
 sometimes served, with the feathers so 
 arranged. 
 
 There were snipes, there were rails, there 
 
 were woodcocks and quails, 
 There were peacocks served up in their pride 
 
 (that is tails). 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (S. Romicold). 
 
 And there they placed a peacock in his pride 
 Before the damsel. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 PEAGOOSE, a silly fellow ; but see N. 
 s. v. peakgoose. 
 
 Your lordship has the right garbe of an 
 excellent courtier ; respect's a clowne sup- 
 ple-jointed, courtesie's a verie peayoose ; 'tis 
 stiffe ham'd audacity that carries it. Chap- 
 man, Mons. D'Olive, Act III. 
 
 The simple goosecap Lycus of Thebes, the 
 doating blockhead Agenor, the phlegmatic 
 peagoose Asopus. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. xii. 
 
 PEAKRIL, belonging to the Peak in 
 Derb3 r shire : both adjective and sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 The Peakrills, as they are called, are a 
 rude, boorish kind of people ; but bold, 
 daring, and even desperate in their search 
 into the bowels of the earth. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Britain, iii. 79. 
 
 The weight of this pig [of lead], as I am 
 informed by Mr. Nightingale, is 1261b., a 
 proper load for a small peakril horse to 
 travel with, day by day, in bad roads. 
 Archaol., v. 375 (1779). 
 
 PEAKY, tapering to a peak. 
 
 Or over hills with peaky tops engrail'd. 
 
 Tennyson, Palace of Art.
 
 PEALE 
 
 ( 473 ) 
 
 PEDICULOUS 
 
 PEALE. 
 
 Now be we peale pelted from tops of bar- 
 bican hautye. Stanyhurst, jEn., ii. 429. 
 
 PEARL, a white spot in the eye. 
 See H. 
 
 The next day came hither an old bishop 
 who had a pearl in his eye. Fox, vii. 104 
 (Maitland on Reformation, 503). 
 
 Boast not of your eyes ; it is feared you 
 have Balaam's disease, a pearl in your eye, 
 Mammon's prestriction. Milton, Animadv. 
 on Remonst., sect. 3. 
 
 PEARLED, blotched : carbuncle is the 
 jewel more often used as a simile. 
 
 To whom are all kinds of diseases, in- 
 firmities, deformities, pearled faces, palsies, 
 dropsies, headaches, if not to drunkards? 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 150. 
 
 PEARLS, marks on the deer's horn 
 near the root. 
 
 You will carry the horns back to London, 
 and you will have them put up, aud you will 
 discourse to your friends of the span, and 
 the pearls of the antlers, and the crockets. 
 Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xxv. 
 
 PEARMONGER. Why a pearmonger 
 is credited with pertness I cannot say, 
 unless it be from the similarity between 
 pear and pert or peart. The word pert 
 may not mean what we now signify 
 by it, but cheerful, sharp, or brisk, in 
 which sense it is still used provincially: 
 this is evidentally the meaning in the 
 second extract, and perhaps in the other 
 also. See s. v. MAGGOT. 
 
 Miss. Lord, Mr. Neverout, you are grown 
 as pert as a pearmonger this morning. 
 fhcift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 Pert as a Pearmonr/er 1*3 be, 
 
 If Molly were but kind, 
 
 Cool as a cucumber would see 
 
 The rest of women-kind. 
 
 Gay, New Sonij of New Similes. 
 
 PEARTE, openly; abbreviation of 
 apert- 
 
 Moreover that no clarcke be so bolde, 
 Privy or pearte with hym to holde, 
 Preachynge ought in his favoure. 
 
 Roy and Barloire, Rede me and 
 be nott vrothe, p. 48. 
 
 PEASEBOLT, pease in the straw. 
 "With peaseliolt and brake 
 Some brew and bake. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 45. 
 Pease-bolt with thy pease he will haue 
 His household to feede and his hog. 
 
 Ibid., p. 143. 
 
 PEAS-HOOK, instrument for cutting 
 peas. 
 
 They are now lost, or converted to other 
 uses, even literally to plough-shares and 
 peas-hooks. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, ii. 
 203. 
 
 PECCADIL, a petty fault: the word 
 seems to be Anglicized in the extract 
 for the sake of the rhyme. 
 
 But for so small a Peccadil 
 To send a man up Holborn-hill, 
 An act is of an odious dye, 
 And an unheard-of cruelty. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 162. 
 
 PECCADULIA, peccadillo, slight 
 offence. 
 
 It were a smal faulte and a verie pecca- 
 dulia in them to dissemble the truth of 
 religion. Traheron, Warning to Enyland, 
 1558 (Maitlaiul on Ref., p. 136). 
 
 PECK, a cant term for food. See H. 
 Here safe in our skipper let's cly off our 
 peck. Broome, A Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 PECK OF TROUBLES. The earliest ex- 
 ample of this phrase in Nares is from a 
 letter dated 1618. The subjoined is 
 from a document circa 1535. The Mr. 
 More referred to was afterwards Sir 
 Thomas More. 
 
 The said George cam to this deponent, and 
 told hym that Mr. More was in a pecke of 
 troubles. Arch., xxv. 97. 
 
 PECK POINT, a game. 
 
 So Panurge . . . played away all the points 
 of his breeches at primus et secundus, and at 
 peck point, in French called La Veryette. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xviii. 
 
 PEDARY, a scandal. 
 
 Some brought forth . . manuaries for 
 handlers of relicks, some pedaries for pil- 
 grims, some oscularies for kissers. Latimer, 
 i. 49. 
 
 PEDICULAR, lousy. The speaker in 
 the first extract is supposed to be a 
 man who has been turned into an ass. 
 
 I am not subject to breed lice and other 
 vermin ; whereas this pedicular disease, with 
 a nomberlesse sort of other maladies and 
 distempers, attend mankind. Hotoell, Parly 
 of Beasts, p. 26. 
 
 Has humanity ever been put to a viler use 
 than by the Banians at Snrat, who support 
 a hospital for vermin in that city, aud regale 
 the souls of their friends who are undergoing 
 penauce in the shape of fleas, or in loathsome 
 pedicular form, by hiring beggars to go in 
 among them, aud afford them pasture for 
 the night? Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxii. 
 
 PEDICULOUS, lousy. 
 
 Like a lowsy pediculous vermin, thou'st ; 
 but one suit to thy back. Dekker, Satiro- .1 
 wt'iti.r (Hatrkins, Eiig. Dr., iii. 115).
 
 PEDLARISM 
 
 ( 479 ) 
 
 PEGMA 
 
 PEDLARISM, petty dealing. 
 
 The Scots kick against the decrees of fate, 
 and instead of pedlars, a title their ancestors 
 acquiesced in for two thousand years and 
 upwards, set up for merchants forsooth ; but 
 if ever they make anything on't, says he 
 (and if they are not at last reduc'd to their 
 old ant ieut pedlarism), I'll forfeit my reputa- 
 tion of a prophet to you. T. Brown, Works, 
 i. 188. 
 
 PEE AND CUE. I do not understand 
 this expression in the first extract. To 
 mind one's Ps and Qs is, according to 
 Grose, " to be attentive to the main 
 chance ; " but I think it more usually 
 means, to be careful on points of pro- 
 priety, to be particular in behaviour. 
 See extract s. v. JACKASSISM. The ex- 
 pression arose perhaps in the printing 
 office, from the resemblance of the p to 
 the q. 
 
 Asin. If you fly out, ningle, here's your 
 cloak ; I think it rains too. 
 
 Hor. Hide my shoulders in't. 
 
 Asin. Faith, so thou'dst need ; for now 
 thou art in thy pee and cue : thou hast such 
 a villanous broad back that I warrant thou'rt 
 able to bear away any man's jests in Eng- 
 land. Dekker, Satiromastix {Haickins, Eny. 
 Dr., iii. 130). 
 
 And I full five and twenty year 
 Have always been schoolmaster here ; 
 And almost all you know and see, 
 Have learii'd their Ps and Qs from me. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. i. 
 
 PEEL, a species of fish. 
 
 The peel, the tweat, the botling, and the 
 rest. Denny s, Secrets of Anyliny (Eny. Gar- 
 ner, i. 175). 
 
 PEEL, a tower. 
 
 This kind of building was called in Scot- 
 land a peel, and in England a keep or dun- 
 geon. Archaol., x. 102 (1792). 
 
 PEELDNESSE, baldness. 
 
 Disease, scab, and peeldnesse. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 143. 
 
 PEELER, a policeman (slang) : so 
 called from Sir R. Peel, who instituted 
 the force. 
 
 He's gone for a peeler and a search-war- 
 rant to break open the door. C. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xxxv. 
 
 PEEPERS, eyes. The Alsatian slang 
 in the second quotation is explained in 
 a note to mean, " Slash him over the 
 eyes with your dagger." 
 
 Ha ! whom do my peepers remark ? 
 Tis Hebe with Jupiter's jug ; 
 
 O no, 'tis the pride of the Park, 
 Fair Lady Elizabeth Mugg. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 102. 
 
 " I smell a spy," replied the other, looking 
 at Nigel ; " chalk him across the peepers with 
 your cheery." Scott, Fortunes of Nigel, ch. 
 xvii. 
 
 The next question was how long they 
 should wait to let the inmates close their 
 peepers. Reade, Never too late to mend, ch. 
 xlviii. 
 
 PEERDOM, lordship (?). It seems to 
 be distinguished from barony in the 
 extract. 
 
 The Comte contains twelve peerdoms and 
 as many baronies. Archaol., iii. 200 (1775). 
 
 PEERISH, pertaining to a peer. 
 
 All this would not have done alone ; for 
 any other peer out of the list of protesters 
 might have been taken, and made a peerish 
 example of. North, Examen, p. 109. 
 
 PEERY, inquisitive ; cautious ; sus- 
 picious. 
 
 All these things put together excited their 
 curiosity ; and they engaged a peery servant, 
 as they called a footman who was drinking 
 with Kit the hostler at the tap-house, to 
 watch all her motions. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, v. 71. 
 
 " I am not a person to betray people, but 
 you are so shy and peery ; . . if you have 
 been upon the snaffling-lay you understand 
 me, I am sure." " Not I," answered Booth, 
 " upon my honour." " Nay, nay," replied 
 the keeper, with a contemptuous sneer ; " if 
 you are so peery as that comes to, you must 
 take the consequences." Fielding, Amelia, 
 Bk. II. ch. ix. 
 
 A queer, shambling, ill-made urchin, . . . 
 with a carroty pate in huge disorder, a 
 freckled, sun-burnt visage, with a snub nose, 
 a long chin, and two peery grey eyes which 
 had a droll obliquity of vision. Scott, Kenil- 
 worth, i. 176. 
 
 From her twisted mouth to her eyes so peery, 
 Each queer feature asked a query. 
 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 PEG, a blow. 
 
 Many cross-buttocks did I sustain, and 
 pegs on the stomach without number. 
 Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xxvii. 
 
 PEGMA. R. and L. have pegm, with 
 a quotation from B. Jonson, where it 
 means some theatrical machina ; in the 
 subjoined the reference seems rather to 
 be to the speeches spoken therefrom. 
 
 "We shall heare from his Lordship . . . 
 what presentments are towards, and who 
 penned the pec/mas, and so forth. Chapman, 
 Widdowes Tea'res, Act II.
 
 PEGTOPS 
 
 ( 480 ) 
 
 PENCHANT 
 
 PEGTOPS, trousers wide at the top, 
 and tapering down like a pegtop. 
 
 Pegtops and a black bowler hat strike no 
 awe into the beholders. H. Kinysley, Ravens- 
 hoe, ch. Ixvi. 
 
 PEISANT, heavy. 
 
 Yet like the valiant Palme they did sustaine 
 Their peisant weight. Hudson's Judith,u. 82. 
 
 PEIZLESS, light. 
 
 Like peizless plume born vp by Boreas breath, 
 "With all these wings I soar to seek my death. 
 Sylvester, The Schisme, 978. 
 
 PEJORATION, deterioration. The 
 word is also a Scotch law-term, signify- 
 ing deterioration. 
 
 Hence these luxations, distortions, dis- 
 locations, . . . which pejorations as to the 
 piety, peace, and honour of this Nation, no 
 man that hath eyes to see and a heart to be 
 sensible of can behold without sad and 
 serious deploring. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 131. 
 
 PEJORITY, worse condition. 
 
 There was but one devil before, now there 
 are eight. . . . This pejority of his state may 
 be amplified in six respects. Adams, ii. 65. 
 
 PELERINE, a lady's cape. 
 
 Silks, muslins, prints, ribbons, pelerines 
 are awfully dear. L. E. Landon (Life by 
 Blanchard, i. 111). 
 
 PELF. See quotation. The examples 
 in the Diets, do not bear out Putten- 
 ham's censure of this as a low word; 
 at present it is little used in serious 
 writing. 
 
 Another of our vulgar makers spake as 
 illfaringly in this verse written to the dis- 
 praise of a rich man and couetous. " Thou 
 hast a miser's minde (thou hast a prince's 
 pelfe) ; " a lewde terme to be spoken of a 
 prince's treasure, which in no respect or for 
 any cause is to be called pelfe, though it were 
 neuer so meane, for pelfe is properly the 
 scrappes or shreds of taylors and skinners, 
 which are accompted of so vile price as they 
 be commonly cast out of dores, or otherwise 
 bestowed vpon base purposes : and carrieth 
 not the like reason or decencie, as when we 
 say in reproch of a niggard or vserer, or 
 worldly couetous man, that he setteth more 
 by a little pelfe of the world than by his 
 credit, or health, or conscience. For in 
 comparisons of these tresours all the gold or 
 siluer in the world may by a skornef ull terme 
 be called pelfe. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. 
 III. ch. zxiii. 
 
 PELICAN, a species of shot or shell. 
 
 When your relation, General Guise, was 
 marching up to Carthagena, and the pelicans 
 whistled round him, he said, "What would 
 
 Chloe [the Duke of Newcastle's cook] give 
 for some of these to make a pelican pie ? " 
 Walpole to Mann, iii. 84 (1754). 
 
 PELLUM, dust. Pelham in this 
 sense is given as a Somersetshire word 
 (Country and Farming Words, E. D. 
 S.). The extract is in the Devon 
 dialect. 
 
 Zom hootin', heavin', soalin', hawlin', 
 Zom in the mucks and pellum sprawlin.' 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 155. 
 
 PETTISH, angry. 
 
 [He] flings 
 
 Among the elves, if mov'd, the stings 
 Of pettish wasps. 
 
 Hernck, Hesperides, p. 176. 
 
 PELTRY, folly (?). N. h&spelter = fool. 
 
 As Publius gentilly received Paule, and 
 by hym was healed of all hys dyseases, so 
 ded myue host Lambert receyve me also 
 gentilly, and by me was delyvered from hys 
 vayne beleve of purgatorye, and of other 
 popysh peltri/es. Vocacyion of Johan Bale, 
 1553 (Harl. Misc., vi. 440). 
 
 PEMMICAN, meat dried, pulverised, 
 and mixed with fat. 
 
 Not forgetting a large quantity of pro- 
 visions, such as pemmican, in which much 
 nutriment is contained in comparatively 
 little bulk. E. A. Poe, Hans Pfaal (i. 11). 
 
 PENANCE, to punish, or inflict pen- 
 ance. 
 
 Did I not raspect your person, I might 
 bring you upon your knees, and penance 
 your indiscretion. Gentleman Instructed, p. 
 523. 
 I would not see thee dragg*d to death by 
 
 the hair, 
 Penanced, and taunted on a scaffolding. 
 
 Keats, Otho the Great, iv. 1. 
 
 I saw 
 The pictured flames writhe round a penanced 
 
 soul. Southey, Joan of Arc, bk. iii. 
 
 PEN-AND-INK-HORN, a portable writing- 
 case ; inkliom by itself is common. 
 
 They . . . projected the general destruc- 
 tion of all that wore & pen-and-ink-horn about 
 them, or could write or read. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., IV. i. 18. 
 
 PENARY, penal, in the way of punish- 
 ment. Gauden says that God some- 
 times sends afflictions on Churches or 
 individuals "not alwayes for peiiary 
 chastisments, but oft for triall of 
 graces" (Tears of the Church, p. 76). 
 
 PENCHANT, inclination. This French 
 word is naturalized among us. 
 
 How far Kirkby was in the original depths 
 and lengths does not appear, but he shews a
 
 PEN-CRAFT ( 481 ) 
 
 PENNY 
 
 strong penchant, to have his story, and the 
 plot itself, as it was called, to be believed. 
 North, Examen, p. 171. 
 
 The impertiuence of all this shows the 
 author's penchant towards disguises. Ibid., 
 p. 329. ' 
 
 PEN-CRAFT, authorship. 
 
 I woald not give a groat for that man's 
 knowledge in pen-craft who does not under- 
 stand this. Sterne, ZWs<. Shandy, i. 185. 
 
 PENDE, a pen ; an enclosure : also a 
 verb. 
 
 It shewed and represented to the eye 
 muche what the facion or likenesse of a 
 caige for byrdes, or of a pende wherein 
 to kepe other beastes. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 135. 
 
 His high praise and commendacion was 
 not to be hidden or pended within the limites 
 and precintes of Grece, but rather to ren 
 abroade throughout all coastes and partes of 
 the worlde. Ibid., p. 244. 
 
 PENDILATORY, pendulous. 
 
 I have seen above five hundred hanged, 
 but I never saw any have a better counten- 
 ance in his dangling and pendilatory swag- 
 ging. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xlii. 
 
 PENDULATE, to hang, or swing. 
 The ill-starred scoundrel pendulates between 
 Heaven and Earth, a thing rejected of both. 
 Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. xvi. 
 
 PENETRANT, a far-sighted person ; a 
 solver of enigmas. 
 
 Our penetrants have fancied all the riddles 
 of the Public, which in the reign of King 
 Charles II. were many, came N. N. E. 
 North, Examen, p. 121. 
 
 PEN-FEATHERED, newly fledged; 
 short-winged. See X. s. v. pinfeather, 
 and quotation from Prior in R. 
 
 Your intellect is pen-feathered, too weak- 
 wing'd to soar so high. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 470. 
 
 P E N F u L . A penful of news is a 
 quaint expression, meaning, I suppose, 
 as much as could be recorded by a pen 
 dipped only once in the inkstand. 
 
 I came to town yesterday, and as usual, 
 found that one hears much more news in 
 the country than in London. I have not 
 picked up a penful since I wrote to my 
 lord. Walpole, Letters to Lady Ossory, I. 11 
 (1771). 
 
 PEN-GOSSIP, to gossip by correspond- 
 ence. Richardson (Sir C. Grandison, 
 vi. 233) has pen-prattling. 
 
 If I were not rather disposed at this time 
 to pen-gossip with your worship. Southey, 
 Letters, 1818 (iii. 85). 
 
 PEN-GUN, pop-gun. See extract 3. v. 
 HOAST. 
 
 The mankiu feels that he is a born Man, 
 that his vocation is to work. The choicest 
 present you can make him is a Tool ; be 
 it knife or pen-yun, for construction or for 
 destruction. Carlyle, Sartor llesartus, Bk, 
 II. ch. ii. 
 
 PENILE, peninsula. 
 
 Hee came to anchor in the hauen of Hogy 
 Saint Vast in Constantitie. a great cape of 
 land or penile in Normandy. Speed, History, 
 Bk. IX. ch. xii. 
 
 PEN-MASTER, caligraphist. 
 
 "When two such transcendent Pen-masters 
 shall again come to be born in the same 
 Shire, they may even serve fairly to engross 
 the Will and Testament of the expiring 
 Universe. Fuller, Worthies, Hereford (i. 
 454). 
 
 PENNIED, possessed of a penny. 
 
 The one-pennied Boy has his penny to 
 spare. Wordsworth, Power of Music. 
 
 PENNIPOTENT, strong on the wing. 
 In a note to Microcosmos, p. 41. 
 Davies says, " Hope's winges are 
 2iennipotent." 
 Dismount your tow'ring thoughts, aspiring 
 
 Minds, 
 
 Vuplume their wings in flight pennipotent. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 15. 
 
 PENNIWORTH. To cast penniworths 
 = to count the cost, to balance advan- 
 tages and disadvantages. 
 
 "When Caesar saied, " Be al dice alreadie 
 cast," his meaning was, to bee now ouerlate 
 to repeate that he had doen, or to cal again 
 yesterdaie : and therefore that he would 
 now cast no more penitcorthes in the matter, 
 but go through with his purpose, chaunce 
 as it would. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 
 298. 
 
 PENNY. Clean as a penny = quite 
 clean. Cf. FINE AS FIVEPENCE. 
 
 I will go as I am, for, though ordinary, I 
 am as clean as a penny, though I say it. 
 Richardson, Pamela, ii. 56. 
 
 PENNY. Penny and paternoster are 
 frequently joined together, as in the 
 old proverb, "No penny, no pater- 
 noster,'' signifying " nothing for no- 
 thing." In the extract from Gascoigne 
 it means " neither for love nor money." 
 
 If I had thought yon would have passed 
 to the terms you now stand in, pity nor 
 pension, penny nor paternoster should ever 
 have made nurse once to open her mouth in, 
 the cause. Gasro>gne, Supposes, i. 1. 
 1 I
 
 PENNY 
 
 482 ) 
 
 PENURIOUS 
 
 PENNY. A penny for your thoughts, 
 a common expression in addressing 
 one who is in a brown study. 
 Come, friar, I will shake him from his dumps ; 
 
 (Comet forward.) 
 
 How cheer you, sir? a penny for your thought. 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 161. 
 
 PENNY. To think my penny silver = 
 to have a good opinion of myself. 
 
 Alvira. Believe me, though she say that 
 
 she is fairest, 
 I think my penny silver, by her leave. 
 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, p. "123. 
 There are more batchelors than Roger, 
 and my penny is as good silver as yours. 
 Breton, Packet of Mad Letters, p. 20. 
 
 PENNY-RENT. 
 
 He shall never marry my daughter, look 
 you, Dou Diego, though he be my own 
 sister's son, and has two thousand five hun- 
 dred seveuty-t.iree pounds sterling, twelve 
 shillings and twopence a year penny-rent. 
 Wycherley, Gentleman Dancing Master, iii. 1. 
 
 He proposes a joiuture of 1200/. a year, 
 penny-rents, and 400 guineas a year for her 
 private p irse. RicharJson, Grandison, iv. 43. 
 
 "Tuey usually give them," answered the 
 priest, " some benefice, or cure, or verger- 
 ship, which brings them iu a good penny-rent, 
 besides the perquisites of the altar." Jai-vis's 
 Don (Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. III. ch. xii. 
 
 PENNY WEDDING, a wedding at which 
 the guests contribute towards the set- 
 ting up in life of the new-married 
 couple. 
 
 Love that no golden ties can attach, 
 But nestles under the humblest thatch, 
 And will fly away from an Emperor's match 
 To dance at a penny wedding. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyg. 
 
 PENNY WHITE, rich. 
 
 Of the first sort we account the she-Bene- 
 dictines, commonly called black nuns, but 
 I assure you peny white, being most richly 
 endowed. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VI. i. 38. 
 
 PENNY WISE AND POUND FOOLISH, a 
 proverbial s.iyirg applied to those who 
 neglect the m.-iin chance while careful 
 abo.it small economies. 
 
 Nor would I advise him to cary about him 
 any more mjney than is absolutly necessary 
 to defray his expeuces, for some in this 
 particular have beene peny-wise and pound- 
 foolish, who in hopes of some small benefit 
 in the rates have left their principal!, ex- 
 posing their persons and purses to dayly 
 hazard. Howell, Forraine Travell, sect. 5. 
 
 PENSION, expenditure; also, as a 
 verb, to lodge or live together. 
 
 Th' Almighty made the mouth to recom- 
 
 pence 
 
 The stomak'spewsz'on, and the time's expence. 
 Sylvester, Sixth day, first iceeke, 585. 
 
 When they meet with any person of note 
 and emiuency, and journey or pension with 
 him any time, they desire him to write his 
 name with some short sentence, which they 
 call the mot of remembrance. Howell, 
 Forraine Travell, sect. 4. 
 
 PENSTOCK, a flood-gate. The extract 
 is from an estimate for the improve- 
 ment of Sandwich Harbour. 
 
 For Clay-Dams, Penstocks and Drains may 
 amount to about ^10,000 Oa. Od. Defoe, 
 Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 183. 
 
 PENTAGF.RON, a conjurer's mysterious 
 charm or figure (?) Cf. PENTACLE. 
 The great arch-ruler, potentate of hell, 
 Trembles when Bacon bids him or his 
 
 fiends 
 Bow to the force of his pentageron. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 155. 
 Conjuring and adjuring devils and fiends, 
 With stole and alb and strong pentageron. 
 
 Ibid., p. 176. 
 
 PENTAMETRISE, to turn into a penta- 
 meter. 
 
 " "Well begun," says the Proverb. " is half 
 done." Horace has been made to say the 
 same thing by the insertion of an apt word 
 which pentametrises the verse : " Dimidium 
 facti qui bene ccepit habet." Southey, The 
 Doctor, Fraym. on Mortality. 
 
 PENTWEEZLE, a term of reproach. 
 
 Foote gives this name to a foolish 
 
 alderman and his wife in his comedy, 
 
 Taste. 
 
 Sim. I'm glad I miss'd this weapon, I'd 
 
 had an eye 
 
 Popt out ere this time, or my two butter- 
 teeth 
 
 Thrust down my throat instead of a flap- 
 dragon. 
 
 Lys. There's two, pentweezle. (Hits him.) 
 Massinger, The Old Late, iii. 2. 
 
 PENULTIM, penultimate. 
 
 The first male line of the Darcys being 
 thus determined, a second race succeeded, 
 derived from Norman Darcy, the penultim 
 Lord in the last pedigree. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 vi. p. 324. 
 
 PENURIOUS. " Ignorant ladies often 
 mistake the word penurious for nice 
 and dainty" (Note by Sioift in loc.). 
 Bailey in his Diet, defines the word 
 " covetous, niggardly, stingy ; also 
 nice." 
 
 She's grown so nice and so penurious 
 
 "With Socrates and Ep : curius. 
 
 Strift, Paneyyrick on the Dean.
 
 ( 483 ) PEREGRINATE 
 
 PENWOMAN, female writer. 
 
 Why, love, you have not written already ! 
 You have, I protest! O what a ready pen- 
 woman! Richardson, Cl. Harloice, i. 329. 
 
 PEPPER-AND-SALT, applied to cloth of 
 mingled black and white. 
 
 There was a porter on the premises, a 
 wonderful creature in a vast red waistcoat 
 aud a short-tailed jwpper-and-salt coat. 
 Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. xxvii. 
 
 Half a dozen men of various ages . . . were 
 listening with a look of concentrated intelli- 
 gence to a man in a pepper-and-salt dress. 
 G. Eliot, Daniel Deromla, ch. xlii. 
 
 PEPPER-POT, a very hot West Indian 
 dish. 
 
 That most delicate palate-scorchiug soop 
 called pepper-pot, a kind of devil's broth 
 much eat iu the West Indies, is always the 
 first dish brought to our table. T. Brown, 
 Works, ii. 215. 
 
 Turenes of flattery are prepared so hot 
 By courtiers a delicious pepper-pot. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 204. 
 
 PEPTIC, connected with digestion, in 
 the extract = capable of digesting. 
 L. gives the word, but without ex- 
 ample, except that lie says " Peptic 
 Precepts " is the title of a work on 
 digestion, by Dr. Kitchener. 
 
 Tne whole not as dead stuff, but as living 
 pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a mind as 
 yet so peptic. Carlyle, Sartor Resartits, Bk. 
 II. ch. iii. 
 
 PEPTICITY, good digestion. 
 
 A most cheery, jovial, buxom countenance, 
 radiant with pepticity, good humour, and 
 manifold effectuality iu peace and war. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 254. 
 
 PERAMBULATOR, a little carriage for 
 children, propelled by the hand of the 
 person in charge of them. 
 
 She is an ordinary young lady . . . who, 
 after marriage, calmly and complacently 
 sinks into the dull domestic hind, whose 
 only thought is of butchers' bills and per- 
 ambulators. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. ii. 
 
 PERAMBULATORY, incidental ; perhaps 
 a misprint for preambulatory, i. e. pre- 
 liminary. 
 
 There be some perambulatory things that 
 I will but salute, as first the name of the 
 Creed. Adams, iii. 86. 
 
 PERARE PLUMS, apparently some 
 species of plum. Tusser names among 
 the " trees or fruites to be set or re- 
 mooned " in January, 
 
 Perare plums black and yelow. Tusser, p. 
 76. 
 
 PERCH, a candelabrum to bear perchers 
 or long candles. See N. s. v. percher. 
 
 My lord Mayor hath a perch to set on his 
 perchers when his gesse be at supper. Calf- 
 hill, A nswer to Martiall, p. 300. 
 
 PERCH. * To tip over the perch = to 
 die. To hop the twig is sometimes used 
 in the same way in modern slang. 
 
 Either through negligence, or for want of 
 ordinary sustenance, they both tipt over the 
 perch. Urquhart's Rabelais,~Bb. III. (Author's 
 Prologue). 
 
 My heart has aked every time these five 
 years, when I have play'd the sexton in 
 Hamlet, for fear when I am once got into 
 the grave, the grim tyrant should give me a 
 turn over the perch, and keep me there for 
 jesting with mortality. T. Brown, Works, 
 ii. 237. 
 
 Her late husband could not stand in the 
 matrimonial contention of who should? but 
 tipt off the perch iu it, neither knowing how 
 to yield, nor knowing how to conquer. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 350. 
 
 PERCOLLICE, a portcullis. 
 
 I cannot thinke that cittie to be safe that 
 strikes downe her percollices, rammes vp her 
 gates, aud suffereth trie euimie to euter the 
 posterne. Gossan, Schoole of Abuse, p. 32. 
 
 PERCDLLIS, portcullis. 
 Battering all the wall over the percullis. 
 J. Randolph, Honour Advanced, p. 3. 
 
 PERCUNCTORILY, dilatorily. 
 
 This is he that makes men serve God per- 
 cunctorily, perfunctorily ; to go slowly to it, 
 to sit idly at it. Adams, ii. 46. 
 
 PERDIUO, a desperate man. 
 
 The Duke of Monmouth, with his party 
 of Perdidos, had a game to play whi;-h would 
 not shew in quiet times. North, Examen, p. 
 475. 
 
 PERDITION MONEY. See quotation. 
 
 He regulated also some disorders of the 
 quire, particularly the ex;vcting of sconces or 
 perdition money, which he divided among 
 them that best deserved it, who diligently 
 kept prayers, and attended upon other 
 Church duties. Barnard, Life of Heylin, p. 
 112. 
 
 PEREGRATE, to traverse. 
 
 Two pillars, . . which Hercules (when 
 he had pere'jrated all the worlde, as ferre as 
 any lande went) did erecte and set vp for a 
 memoriall that there he had been. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 297. 
 
 PEREGRINATE, foreign. 
 
 I perceive too that there is something out- 
 landish, peregrinate, and lawless about me. 
 Lyfton, Caxtons, Bk. XVIII. ch. ii. 
 
 Imagine this figure, grotesque, peregrinate, 
 I I 2
 
 PEREGRINITY ( 484 ) 
 
 PERK 
 
 and to the eye of a peasant certainly diaboli- 
 cal ! Ibid., My Novel, Bk. I. ch. iv. 
 
 PEREGRINITY. L. gives this word = 
 strangeness, with the two first quota- 
 tions. In Carlyle it denotes travel or 
 wandering. 
 
 These people, sir, that Gerrard talks of, 
 may have somewhat of a pereyrinity in their 
 dialect, which relation has augmented to a 
 different language. Johnson in EostcelCs 
 Tour to the Hebrides, p. 140, second edition. 
 
 Mr. Boswell says that Dr. Johnson coined 
 this word, and upon being asked if it was an 
 E.iglish one, he replied, No. ... It is, how- 
 ever, an old English word; and being in- 
 serted in the vocabulary of Cockeram early 
 in the seventeenth century, may be presumed 
 to have been in use ; but it is not worthy to 
 be revived. Todd. 
 
 A new removal, what we call "his third 
 pereyrinity" had to be decided on ; and it 
 was resolved that Rome should be the goal 
 of it. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. II. ch. vi. 
 
 PERFECTION, to perfect. Cf. AFFEC- 
 TION, REFLECTION. 
 
 Both our labours tending to the same 
 general end, the perfectioniny of onr 
 countrymen in a most essential article, the 
 right use of their native language. Foote, 
 The Orators, Act I. 
 
 PERFECTLESS, far from perfection ; a 
 stronger word than imperfect. 
 Fond Epicure, thou rather slept'st thyself 
 When thou did'st forge thee such a sleep- 
 sick elf 
 
 For life's pure Fount, or vainly fraudulent 
 (Not shunning the Atheist's sin, but punish- 
 ment), 
 
 Imaginedst a God so perfectless, 
 In works defying whom thy words profess. 
 Sylvester, Seventh day, first weeke, 133. 
 
 PERFERVID, very ardent. 
 
 "What adjectives that perfervid Uhlan may 
 have been using and he was rather a good 
 hand at expressing his satisfaction with any- 
 thing we did not try to hear. Black, Ad- 
 ventures of a Phaeton, ch. xxi. 
 
 PERFIXTLY, exactly; definitely. The 
 extract is froin the 1G11 ed. ; in the 
 Chertsey Worthies ed. the word is pre- 
 fixtly. 
 But though these works surmount all 
 
 nature's might, 
 
 Though bis own sages them of guile acquight, 
 Though th' are not casuall (sith the holy 
 
 man 
 Foretels perfixtly what, and where, and 
 
 when), 
 
 And though that, liuing in the midst of his, 
 The Israelites be free from all of this, 
 Th' incensed tyrant, strangely obstinate, 
 Retracts the leave he granted them of late. 
 Sylvester, The Laice, 561. 
 
 PERFORMANCE, performance. 
 
 To cross this match 
 
 I used some pretty sleights, but I protest 
 Such as but sat upon the skirts of art ; 
 No conjurations, nor such weighty spells 
 As tie the soul to their performancy. 
 
 Merry Devil of Edmonton (Dodsley, 
 0. 'PL, xi. 168). 
 
 PERFUMY, sweet-scented. 
 
 The sweet atmosphere was tinged with 
 ibeperfumy breath which always surrounded 
 Her. Mrs. Oliphant, Salem Chapel, ch. xiii. 
 
 PERGOLA. Evelyn uses this Italian 
 word as though it were familiar in 
 English : it rather means an arbour or 
 bower than a stand. 
 
 Neere this is a pergola or stand built to 
 view the sports. Evelyn, Diary, July 20, 
 1654. 
 
 PERICLITATE, to search or test. 
 
 And why so many grains of calomel? 
 Santa Maria ! and such a dose of opium, 
 periclitatiny, pardi ! the whole family of ye 
 from head to tail ? Sterne, Trist. Shandy, \. 
 195. 
 
 PERICRANE, pericranium. 
 The soundest arguments in vain 
 Attempt to storm thy pericrane. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, cant. I. 
 And when they join their pericranies 
 Out skips a book of miscellanies. 
 
 Sicift, Poetry, a Ilhapsody. 
 These issued out of Penry's brain, 
 And Udal's fruitful pericrane. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. iii. p. 259. 
 
 PERIL-LESS, without danger. See ex- 
 tract s. v. MAPPIST. 
 
 PERITION, perishing ; annihilation. 
 
 Were there an absolute perition in our dis- 
 solution, we could not fear it too much. 
 Bp. Hall, Works, vi. 411. 
 
 PERJURATION, perjury. 
 
 The Cardinal . . . forgave them all their 
 perjuratio>is, schisms, and heresies. Fox, vi. 
 579 (Maitland on Reformation, p. 533). 
 
 PERJURY-MONGERING. Harold applies 
 this epithet to William, because he en- 
 trapped him into taking an oath which 
 he meant to break. 
 
 Edith, Edith, 
 
 Get thou into thy cloister as the king 
 Will'd it; be safe: the perjury-monyeriny 
 
 Court 
 
 Hath made too good an use of Holy Church 
 To break her close. Tennyson, Harold, v. 1. 
 
 PERK, a p-irk : but see quotation. 
 Miss Edgeworth (Ennui, ch. viii.) says,
 
 PERKIN 
 
 ( 485 ) 
 
 PERSPIRE 
 
 1 ' Just what would feed a cow is suffi- 
 cient in Ireland to form & park." 
 
 Upon inquiry how many deer his father 
 had in his perk, the truth will out, though 
 to shame both Scot and de\il, That his 
 father kept no deer in bis perk, and that 
 they call an inclosure a perk in his country. 
 Scotland characteriztd, 1701 (Harl. Misc., 
 viii. 379). 
 
 PERKIN, a name given by Evelyn to 
 the Duke of Monmuuth, and by others 
 to the Pretender, in ahusion to Peikin 
 Warbeck. 
 
 The Perkin had been made to believe that 
 the kiug had married her. Evelyn, Diary, 
 July 15, 1685. 
 
 I'll undertake to prove this fellow deep in 
 the interest of young Perkin. Centlivre, 
 Gotham Election. 
 
 If you can bring me unquestionable proofs 
 of your being an honest man . . . and that 
 you'd spend every shilling of my portion 
 in defence of liberty and property against 
 Perkin and the Pope, I'll feign, seal, and de- 
 liver myself into your hands the next hour. - 
 Ibid. 
 
 PERPENSITY, attention. 
 
 I desire the reader to attend with utmost 
 perpensity ; for now I proceed to unravel 
 this knotty point. Swift, Tale of Tub, sect. 9. 
 
 PERPETRABLE, capable of being 
 perpetrated. 
 
 No wickedness perpetralle with safety will 
 be left undone for attaining the corrupt 
 purchase. North, Examen, p. 128. 
 
 PERPETUAUNCE, perpetuity. 
 For if trust to the gospell do purchase per- 
 
 petuaunce 
 
 Of life unto him who therein hath confidence, 
 What shall the light do ? 
 
 New Custom, II. i. 
 
 PERPOLITE, very polished. 
 
 I find those numbers thou do'st write 
 To be most soft, terce, sweet, and perpolite. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 323. 
 
 PERPONDER, to thoroughly weigh or 
 ponder. 
 
 Perponder of the Red-Herringe's priority 
 and prevalence. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 157). 
 
 P E R R o u R, fringe or trimming of 
 vestments. See N. and Q., 3rd S. III. 
 449. 
 
 Their copes, perrours, and chasubles, when 
 they be in their prelately pompous sacrifices. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 526. 
 
 PRRSCRUTATION, scrutiny. 
 
 Such guessing, visiouiug, dim persci-utation 
 of the momentous future! Carlyle, Past 
 and Prefent, Bk. II. ch. viii. 
 
 PERSECUTIVE, persecuting. 
 
 Use is made of persecutive and compelling 
 power, which is rather brutish than humane. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 396. 
 
 PERSECUTRESS, female persecutor. 
 
 Juno the Patronesse of the chast, and 
 implacable Persecutresse of immodest women. 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, vi. 51. note. 
 
 PERSECITJRIX, female persecutor. 
 
 Knox . . . calls her . . . that Idolatrous 
 and mischievous Mary of the Spaniards 
 blo"d, and cruel ptrsecutrix of God's people. 
 Heylin, Hist, of the Presln/terians, p. 142. 
 
 The venom was ejaculated into the eyes 
 and upon the lips of its perstculrix. Kirly 
 and Spence, Entomoloyy, i. 132. 
 
 PERSIAN, a species of silk ; in the 
 second extract, a window blind. 
 
 You . . . have had your jerkin made of 
 a gum taffeta, and the body lining of it of a 
 sarcenet or thin persian. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, ii. 115. 
 Before thy song (with shifted rhymes 
 
 To suit my name) did I undo 
 The persian"? If it stirred sometimes, 
 Thou hast not seen a hand push through 
 A foolish flower or two. 
 
 Mrs. Browniny, Parting Lovers. 
 
 PERSIFLAGE, light raillery : foreign 
 words in the book quoted are always 
 marked by italics ; Miss Edgeworth 
 therefore by not so marking persiflage, 
 though it occurs more than once, seems 
 to regard this French term as natural- 
 ised. 
 
 Beauclerc could not be drawn out either 
 by Churchill's persiflage or flattery. Miss 
 Edgeworth, Helen, ch. xvi. 
 
 PERSONALITY, usually means indi- 
 viduality of any one, or else personal 
 reflection on another : in the extract 
 personalities = personal qualities, or 
 advantages. 
 
 I now and then, when she teases me with 
 praises which Hickman cannot deserve, in 
 return fall to praising those qualities and 
 personalities in Lovelace, which the other 
 never will have. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 ii. 138. 
 
 PERSPIRATE, to perspire. 
 The sun breaks out in furious blaze," 1 
 I perspirate from head to heel. 
 
 Thackeray, Carmen Lilliense. 
 
 PERSPIRE, to breathe through : usually 
 of the moisture exuded through the 
 pores. 
 
 What gentle winds perspire .' As if here 
 
 Never had been the northern plunderer 
 
 To strip the trees. 
 
 fferrick. Htfptrides. p. 24O.
 
 PERSTAND 
 
 ( 486 ) 
 
 PETTED 
 
 PERSTAND, to understand. I have 
 only met with this in Peelf's Clyomon, 
 but i'i that it occurs several times. 
 
 But, lady, say what is yonr will, that it I 
 may perstand. Peele, Clyomon and Clamy- 
 des, I. i. 
 
 PERSTRICTIVE, compressing. 
 
 They . . make no perstrictive or invective 
 stroke against it. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 333. 
 
 PERSUADABLENESS, a complying dis- 
 position. 
 
 He might mean to recommend her as a 
 wife by showing her persuadableness. Miss 
 Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. xxviii. 
 
 PERDSINE, Peruvian. 
 
 The American, the Perusine, and the very 
 Canniball do sing and also say their highest 
 and holiest matters in certaiue riming ver- 
 sicles, and not in prose. Puttenham, Eng. 
 Poesie, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 The soule divine 
 
 "With this wilde Goose-grasse of the Perusine 
 Hath foure great quarrels. 
 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 599. 
 
 PERVERT, one who has been con- 
 verted to a different form of religion 
 or politics from that favoured by the 
 speaker ; most generally applied to 
 those who join the Church of Rome, 
 having been previously Protestants or 
 Anglicans. It is a word of late intro- 
 duction. L. gives it without example. 
 See VERT. 
 
 That notorious "pervert " Henry of Xa- 
 varre and France. Thackeray, Roundabout 
 Papers, i. 
 
 PERVICACY, obstinacy ; pervicacious- 
 ness is the word in the Diets. 
 
 Thomas of Canterburie, whom hee so ad- 
 mired for his piety, while others condemned 
 him for pervicacie against his prince. Hol- 
 land's Camden, i. 328. 
 
 "While Presbytery continued thus humble 
 and poor in spirit, it was esteemed honest 
 and excusable upon Christian charity, plead- 
 ing not pervicacy, but necessity. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 13. 
 
 Once more I write, although imperiously 
 prohibited by a younger sister ; your mother 
 will have me do so, that you may be desti- 
 tute of all detence, if you persist in your 
 pervicacy. Shall I be a pedant, Miss, for 
 this word ? Richardson, Cl. Harlmce, ii. 31. 
 
 PESSIMISM, the worst or lowest point, 
 or the spirit which regards everything 
 as rapidly deteriorating. 
 
 Public criticism is, upon works of fine 
 literature, at the very point of jxftimism. 
 &outhey, Letter, 1812 (ii. 253). 
 
 PESTFUL, pestiferous. 
 
 After long and pestful calms, 
 "With slimy shapes and miscreated life 
 Poisoning the vast Pacific, the fresh breeze 
 "Wakens the merchant-sail uprising. 
 
 Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 The Lybians^>es-/KW and un-blest-full shore- 
 
 Sylvester, The Schisnie, 417- 
 
 PESTURE, injury ; annoyance. 
 
 The King of France repayriug his wracked 
 navie, and the King of England's long stay- 
 ing for his, forced them both to winter in 
 Sicilia, to the great pesture and disturbance 
 of that people, themselves, and theirs. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 98. 
 
 PETER. To rob Peter to pay Paul. 
 See second quotation ; Westminster 
 Abbey is dedicated to St. Peter. 
 
 You may make a shift by borromny from 
 Peter to pay Paul (facie: versure) and with 
 other folks' earth fill up his ditch. Ur- 
 quhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. iii. 
 
 The lands of Westminster so dilapidated 
 by Bishop Thirlby that there was almost 
 nothing left to support the dignity . . . Most 
 of the lauds invaded by the great men of the 
 court, the rest laid out for reparation to the 
 church of St. Paul, pared almost to the very 
 quick in those days of rapine. From hence 
 first came that significant by-word (as is 
 said by some; of robliiny Peter to pay Paul. 
 Heylin, Hist, of Itef.,'i. 256. 
 
 PETITOR, a candidate. 
 
 A very potent (I cannot say competitor, 
 the Bishop himself being never a pttitor for 
 the place, but) desirer of this office was 
 frustrated in his almost assured expectation 
 of the same to himself. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 XI. ii. 48. 
 
 PETRARY, a machine to cast stones. 
 
 "When King John besieged Bedford Castle, 
 there were on the East side one petrary and 
 two mangonels daily applying against the 
 tower. Archaol., iv. 384 (1777). 
 
 Some the mangonels supply, 
 Or charging with huge stones the murderous 
 
 sling 
 Or petrary. Southey, Joan of Arc, bk. viii. 
 
 PETROVILLE, patrol ? 
 
 And the sheriffs mounted alia capparisonee 
 with their blue coat attendance, rode the 
 Petroville about the city almost all night, 
 and no one attempted to make a bonefire. 
 North, Examen, p. 580. 
 
 PETJ E, dimple ; pit. 
 
 If shee have her hand on the pette in her 
 cheeke, he is twyrking of his mustachios. 
 Breton, Praise of I'ertuovs Ladies, p. 57. 
 
 PETTED, offended. 
 
 I would have sent to inquire after them, 
 but I was fittteil at their neglect of us during
 
 PETTICOAT 
 
 ( 487 ) 
 
 PHALAR1K 
 
 onr long illness. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 193. 
 
 P ETT ico AT, used adjectival'y for 
 feminine. L. gives petticoat govern- 
 ment ; and adds, " For example see 
 under press," where, however, none is 
 to be found. 
 
 Innkeeper. What does this petticoat 
 preacher [concionatri.r] do here? Get you in, 
 and mind your kitchen. 
 
 Wife. Well, so I will. 
 
 Jiailey's Erasmus, p. 186. 
 
 Author. Mayhap I cau produce still better 
 authority to prove to you, my friend, that 
 woman was not merely intended to form 
 and instruct us, to soften and polish the 
 rudeness of our mass ; she was also ap- 
 pointed to native empire and dominion over 
 man. 
 
 Friend. By all means, my dear sir, I am 
 quite impatient to be instructed in the poli- 
 cies and constitution of this your pttticoat- 
 goverument. H. Brooke, Fool of (Duality, i. 
 199. 
 
 Out came the very story, which I had all 
 along dreaded, about the expurgation of my 
 poems, with the coarsest allusions to petti- 
 coat influence. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. 
 xxvii. 
 
 PETTIES, scho'ars low in the school. 
 
 Mr. Lamb, whom succeeding times knew 
 to be Dean of Arches, came, by holding fast 
 to Fortune's middle finger, from a school- 
 master that taught petlies, to a proctor in 
 Christian Courts, and so to ao official. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 37. 
 
 PETTO, in petto = in the hreast, and 
 so, in reserve : this Italian phrase has 
 almost been naturalized among us. 
 See extract s. v. \VARRISH. 
 
 In this view they were open and clear ; 
 making no ceremony of declaring what the 
 next Parliament was to inflict upon their 
 adversaries, whatever else they might hold 
 undeclared in petto. North, Examen, p. 609. 
 
 PEW, a box in a theatre. Lord Bray- 
 brooke infers from this that pews in 
 churches were comparatively rare, as 
 the word had not acquired exclusively 
 its present meaning. He adds, " It 
 would appear from other authorities 
 that between 1646 and 1660 scarcely 
 any pews had been erected ; and Sir C. 
 Wren is known to have objected to 
 their introduction into his London 
 churches." Pepys, however, frequently 
 mentions his pew in church. Milton 
 uses the word of a sheep-pen, with 
 contemptuous reference to those pews 
 from which " the hungry sheep look 
 up, and are not fed." 
 
 His sheep oft-times sit the while to as 
 little purpose of benefiting, as the sheep in 
 their petes at Smithfield. Milton, Means to 
 remove Hirelings. 
 
 To White Hall, and there, by means of 
 Mr. Cooling, did get into the play, the only 
 one we have seen this winter ; it was The 
 Five Hours Adventure ; but I *at so far I 
 could not hear well, nor was there auy pretty 
 woman that I did see, but my wife, who sat 
 in my Lady Fox's pew with her. Pepys, 
 Feb. 15, 1668-9. 
 
 PEWTER-KNOTS, studs or ornaments 
 made of pewter (?) 
 
 Ravish a lock 
 
 From the yellow waiting- woman, use strata- 
 gems 
 
 To get her silver whistle, and way-lay 
 Her pewter-knots or bodkin ? 
 
 Maine, City Match, ii. 3. 
 
 PEZLE WEZLE, pell-mell. 
 
 The Author falls pede mezle upon the 
 king himself. North, Examen. p. 53. 
 
 The State may alter, and then he falls in 
 pesle-mesle. Ibid., p. 151. 
 
 PHALANSTERE, a French word, but 
 used as English in the subjoined, the 
 accent being omitted. C. Fourier, the 
 founder of Socialism, wished to asso- 
 ciate men together in capital, work, 
 and talent, and to divide them into 
 groupes, series, and phalanges, the pha- 
 lange was to be the simplest social 
 unit. From this word, phalanstere 
 was manufactured on the model of 
 monastere, to express the dwelling- 
 place of the phalange. 
 
 Tracts whi?h . . . having first laid it down 
 as a preliminary axiom that 
 "The cloud-capt towers, the gorgeous palaces, 
 The solemn temples, the great globe itself, 
 Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve," 
 substituted in place thereof Monsieur 
 Fourier's symmetrical phalanstere, or Mr. 
 Owen's architectural parallelogram. Lytton, 
 My Novel, Bk. IV. ch. viii. 
 
 The man who thinks it would be so much 
 more pleasant to live at his ease in a phalan- 
 stere than to work eight or ten hours a day. 
 Ibid. 
 
 PHALANSTERY, same as phalanstere, 
 q.v. 
 
 Every room of it held its family, or its 
 group of families a phalanstery of all the 
 fiends. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. viii. 
 
 England is a huge phalanstery, where all 
 that man wants is provided within the pre- 
 cinct. Emerson, Eng. Traits, ch. iii. 
 
 PHALARIK, explained in the margin, 
 " Instruments of warr wherein wild 
 fire is put : " derived from Fhalaris the
 
 PH 'AN 'TIKE 
 
 ( 488 ) PHILANTHROPE 
 
 tyrant of Agrigentum, for whom Peril- 
 Ins made the brazen bull in which men 
 were roasted alive. Phalaricks are 
 described by Montaigne : see Cotton's 
 Translation, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 With brakes and sliugs and Phalariks they 
 
 play, 
 
 To fier their fortress and their men to slay. 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 964 
 
 PHANTIKE, fanatic. 
 
 So doth the Phantike (lifting vp his thought 
 On Satan's wing) tell with a tongue dis- 
 traught 
 Strange oracles. 
 
 Sylvester, The Imposture, 234. 
 
 PHARAOH, strong ale. H. says it is 
 mentioned in Praise of Yorkshire Ale, 
 1697, p. 3. See also extract from Tom 
 Brown s. v. THREE-THREADS. 
 
 PHARAOH, a game with cards, fashion- 
 able in the last century ; it resembled 
 basset, and is often, and more correctly, 
 spelt faro (Italian) 1 will make. 
 See extract from Walpole s. v. QUINZE. 
 Pharaon in the first extract may be a 
 misprint. 
 
 Nannette last night at twinkling Pharaon 
 
 play'd, 
 
 The cards the Taillier's sliding hand obeyed. 
 Gay to Pulteney. 
 
 May I never taste the dear d slight of 
 breaking a Pharaoh bank, or bullying the 
 whole room at a brag-party, if ever I was in 
 thought, word, or deed, accessary to his infi- 
 delity. The way to keep him, Act i. (1760). 
 
 Behold a hundred coaches at her door, 
 Where Pharo triumphs in his mad career. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 249. 
 
 PHAROH, shout (in use among the 
 Irish soldiery). 
 
 That barbarous Pharoh and outcry of the 
 Soldiers, which with great straining of their 
 voice they use to set up when they joine 
 battaile. Holland's Camden, ii. 75. 
 
 PIIABOL, perhaps a misprint for 
 pharos, a watch-tower. The extract is 
 portion of a comparison between the 
 parts of a man and the parts of a ship. 
 
 His ears are the two chief scuttles, his 
 eyes are the pharols, the stowage is his 
 mouth. Hoioell, Parly of Beasts, p. 10. 
 
 PHEON, the barbed head of a dart : 
 most commonly used as a term of 
 heraldry. 
 
 Can'st thou his skin with barbed Pheons 
 pierce ? 
 
 r, Job Triumphant, iv. 599. 
 
 PHILANDER, to court or flirt, used 
 of either sex, but generally of men. 
 Thackeray (Esmond, Bk. III. ch. iv.) 
 uses the word, on which Dr. Hall 
 (Modern English, p. 275) remarks, 
 " Who in Queen Anne's time ever heard 
 ... of the verbs cede, olden, philan- 
 der? This verb not impossibly did 
 not see the light till after Mr. Thackeray 
 himself. The allusion it conveys is 
 old." The first extract from Miss 
 Edgewortli, however, is of earlier date 
 than 1812, the year of Thackeray's 
 birth. Philandering is also given as a 
 Norfolk provincialism in Holloway's 
 Diet., 1838; and in Spurden's Supple- 
 ment to Forby's Vocubulary of East 
 Anglia. (E. D. S.), we find, "Philan- 
 der, v. real Greek ; how we came by it 
 is marvellous ; used not only of young 
 girls roaming in search of their sweet- 
 hearts, but lads occupied in the same 
 tender pursuit." In Beaurn. and Fl., 
 Laws of Candy, one of the dramatis 
 personce is "Philander, Prince of Cy- 
 prus, passionately in love with Erota ; " 
 and the noun as applied to a lover may 
 have come from this. In Congreve's 
 Way of the World, V. i., which ap- 
 peared in 1700, Lady Wishfort says, 
 "I'll couple j'ou ; I'll baste you to- 
 gether, you and yonr Philander ; " and 
 in the Tatler for May 10, 1709, Steele 
 describes Philander as "the most 
 skilful of all men in an address to 
 women." 
 
 Sir Kit was too much taken up philander- 
 ing, to consider the law iu this case. Miss 
 Edf/eicorth, Castle Rackrent, Pt. II. (,1800). 
 
 He will coquet for a time, and keep philan- 
 dering on till he suits himself, and then he'll 
 jilt us. Ibid., Vivian, ch. vii. 
 
 You can't go philandering after her again 
 for six weeks. G. Eliot, D. Derotula, ch. 
 xxv. 
 
 PHILANDERER, a flirter; one who 
 hangs about women. 
 
 At last, without a note of warning, ap- 
 peared in Eeddgelert a phenomenon which 
 rejoiced some hearts, but perturbed also the 
 spirits, riot only of the Oxford philanderers, 
 but those also of Elsley Vavasour. Xinysley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. xix. 
 
 PHILANTHROPE, a philanthropist, or 
 lover of men. 
 
 He had a goodness of nature and disposi- 
 tion in so great a degree that be may be de- 
 servedly stvled a philanthrope. North, Life 
 of Lord Gut/ ford, 11. 127.
 
 PHILANTHROP1STIC ( 489 ) PHILOFELIST 
 
 PHILANTHBOPISTIC, professing bene- 
 volence. 
 
 Over the wild-surging chaos in the leaden 
 air are only suddeu glares of revolutionary 
 lightning ; then mere darkr.ess with philan- 
 thropistic phosphorescences, empty meteoric 
 lights. Carlyle, Life of Sterility, ch. v. 
 
 PHILAREA, a genus of Mediterranean 
 evergreen shrubs, several species of 
 which are cultivated in our gardens. 
 
 In his garden lie has four large round 
 phi/areas smooth clipped, raised on a single 
 stalk. Document dated 1691 (Arch.,xii. 188). 
 
 His fears of being discovered to act on 
 both sides had made him take the rushing 
 of a little dog (that always follows him) 
 through the phyllirea- hedge for Betty's being 
 at baud. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 111. 
 
 PHILARGUROUS. money-loving, a word 
 used by L'Estrunge of Heylin, and 
 sneered at in the subjoined. 
 
 He sufficiently confuted the calumny of 
 L'Estrange who said, according to his geutill 
 and new mode of writing hard words, the 
 Doctor was pkilarmrotti, when, poor man, 
 what he parted with, and what he was plun- 
 dered of, he had scarce enough left to " in- 
 sconce his person from frigidity," according 
 to the good squire's language. Barnard, 
 Life of Heylin, p. 194. 
 
 PHILAUTIA, self-love ; but Tyndale 
 uses it for philosophy, implying, per- 
 haps, that self-love was mingled with 
 this. Joseph Beaumont (Psyche) has 
 philauty several times ; and it occurs 
 also in Urquharf s Rabelais, Bk. III. 
 ch. xxix. 
 
 They will say yet more shamefully that 
 no man can understand the Scriptures with- 
 out philautia, that is to say, philosophy. . . . 
 And there corrupt they their judgements 
 with apparent arguments, and with alleging 
 unto them texts of logic, of natural philautia, 
 of metaphysic, and moral philosophy. 
 Tyndale, i. 154, 157. 
 
 PHILAZER, or PHILIZER, an officer in 
 the Common Pleas, more properly spelt 
 filazer, one who files those writs 
 whereon he nrwkes out process. See 
 quotation s. v. EXIGENTER. 
 
 Thomas Wiuford . . had formerly heen 
 philazer of Surrey, &c., and surrendered that 
 office into my hands. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, ii. 47. 
 
 PHILIGREE, an incorrect spelling of 
 filigree. 
 
 It is a little play-thing-house . . . set in 
 enamelled meadows with philiyree hedges. 
 Wfilpole, Letters, i. 163. 
 
 On this stole were placed, at about the 
 
 distance of six inches from each other, quatre- 
 foils of pkilliyree-vfork. Archaol., iii. 382 
 U775). 
 
 PHILIP AND CHEYNEY. N. says, ".A 
 sort of stuff ; " and H., who refers to 
 N., says, "formerly much esteemed." 
 I believe the reverse to have been the 
 case. In the first passage in N. (Beauni. 
 and Fl., Wit at Several? Weapons, II. 
 i.), Lady Ruinous sneers at a sum of 
 money as scarce enough " to put a lady 
 in Philip and Che.yney . . . like a 
 chamber-maid ; " in the second (Tay- 
 lor, Praise of ffemjjseed), the meaning 
 is that not only is there no silver, or 
 gold, or tissue, but even Philip and 
 cheiny are "not within our bounds." 
 Hence Philip and Cheiny came to be 
 used as two names to signify tag, rag, 
 and bobtail ; so we say, Torn, Dick, or 
 Harry. The words "more than a 
 good meiny" seem to have been often 
 added, perhaps more for the sake of 
 the jingle than of the sense. In the 
 third extract Becon is speaking of 
 prayers for the dead. 
 
 It was not his entent to bryng unto Sylla 
 philip and cheinie. mo than a good meiny, 
 but to bryng liable souldiours of manhood 
 approued and well tried to his handes. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 311. 
 
 Loiterers I kept so meanie, 
 Both Philip, Hob, and Cheanie. 
 
 Tusser, p. 8. 
 
 Ye pray for Philip and Cheny more than a 
 good meany. Becon, iii. 276. 
 
 PHILISTINES, bailiffs, or even, as in 
 the passage quoted from Smollett, 
 creditors : the more modern use of the 
 word is noticed in L., though Swift 
 seems to use it something in this sense. 
 
 Lady Cons. But, Colonel, they say you 
 went to Court last night very drunk ; nay, 
 I am told for certain you had been among 
 the Philistians. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. i.). 
 
 She was too ignorant of such matters to 
 know that if he had fallen into the hands 
 of the Philistines (which is the name given 
 by the faithful to bailiffs), he would hardly 
 have been able so soon to recover his liberty. 
 Fielding, Amelia, Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 I must make an effort to advance what 
 further will be required to take my friend 
 out of the hands of the Philistines. Smollett, 
 Humphrey Clinker, ii. 191. 
 
 PHILOFELIST, a lover of cats. 
 
 Dr. Southey, who is known to be a philo- 
 felist, and confers honours upon his cats 
 'according to their services, has raised one to
 
 PHILOGALIST 
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 the highest rank in peerage. Southey, The 
 Doctor, Fragment of Interchapter. 
 
 He made himself acquainted with all the 
 philofelists of the family. Ibid. (Cats of 
 Greta Hall). 
 
 PHILOGALIST, a lover of milk. 
 
 You . . are a philoyalist, and therefore 
 iiuderstand . . . cat nature. Southey, Letters, 
 1812 (iii. 240). , 
 
 PHILO-GARLIC, loving garlic: so 
 Southey has Philo pig. See s. v. BALD- 
 BIB. 
 
 "With these philo-garlic men Kate took 
 her departure. De tyuincey, Spanish Awn, 
 sect. 9. 
 
 PHILOGYNY, love of womanhood. 
 
 We will therefore draw a curtain over this 
 scene from that philoyyny which is iu us. 
 Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 He was a Turk, the colour of mahogany, 
 And Laura saw him, and at first was glad, 
 
 Because the Turks so much admire philoyyny, 
 Although their usage of their wives is sad. 
 Byron, Beppo, si. 70. 
 
 PHILOLOGUE, a philologist. L. says 
 that philologue, the best form of the 
 word, is the rarest (it is in none of the 
 other Diets., and the only example he 
 gives is from his own writings), and 
 philologer, the worst form, is the most 
 frequent. In the subjoined philologue 
 is the word in the original, and in the 
 Glossary attached to Barre's edition of 
 Rubelais is explained, "ami des leltres; 
 philologus." 
 
 This is the fittest and most proper hour 
 wherein to write these high matters and 
 deep sentences, as Homer knew very well, 
 the paragon of all phi loloyues. Urqv hart's 
 Eabelais, bk. i. (Author's Prologue). 
 
 PHILOSOPHEDOM, the realm of philoso- 
 phy- 
 
 They entertain their special ambassador in 
 fhilosophedom,their lion's provider to furnish 
 Philosophe-provender. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 
 216. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS, the morning star ; the 
 bringer of light. D'Urfey addresses 
 the Earl of Dorset as " The Morning 
 Planet, Phosfer of your time." 
 
 John Baptist was that Plwsphorus or morn- 
 ing star, to signify the sun's approaching. 
 Adams, iii. 224. 
 
 He wants nothing but a blue ribbon and a 
 star to make him shine the very Phosphorus 
 of our hemisphere. Do you understand 
 those two hard words? If you don't, I'll 
 explain 'em to you. Congreve, Double Dealer, 
 ii. 1. 
 
 PHOTOMETRICIAN, measurer of light. 
 
 Dr. Zollner, the eminent German photo- 
 metrician. It. A. Proctor, The Sun (1871), p. 
 302. 
 
 PHRASEMAN. speaker of phrases. 
 The poor wretch, who has learnt his only 
 
 prayers 
 From curses, who knows scarcely words 
 
 enough 
 
 To ask a blessing from his Heavenly Father, 
 Becomes a fluent phraseman, absolute 
 And technical in victories and deceit, 
 And all our dainty terms for fratricide. 
 
 Coleridye, Fears in Solitude. 
 
 PHRONTISTERION, school or sernimary. 
 L. has phrontistery with extract from 
 a work of 1672. 
 
 Pan. Whose lodging's this? is 't not the 
 
 astrologer's ? 
 Ron. His lodging ? no ! 'tis the learn'd 
 
 phrontisterion 
 Of most Divine Albumazar. 
 
 Albumazar, i. 3. 
 
 PHTHISICKY, consumptive. 
 
 One was for consuming 975 papers of 
 tobacco in six months, without auy assist- 
 ance, to the poisoning of many a ptisicky 
 citizen about Temple Bar. T. Brown, 
 Works, ii. 190. 
 
 As to the watering-places, I'm told nobody 
 goes there that's fit to go anywhere else 
 cripples and sharpers phthisicky old gentle- 
 women and frolicksome young ones. Col- 
 man, The Spleen, Act I. 
 
 PHTHISOZOICS. See extract. 
 
 The second belongs to a science which 
 Jeremy, the thrice illustrious Ben tham, calls 
 Phthisozoics, or the art of destruction ap- 
 plied to noxious animals. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. ccxxviii. 
 
 PHYSETER, a large whale. R. does 
 not give the word, though s. v. whirl- 
 pool he has a quotation from Holland 
 in which it occurs. 
 When on the surges I perceiue from far 
 Th' Ork, Whirlpool, Whale, or huffing 
 
 Physeter, 
 
 Methinks I see the wandering ile again 
 (Ortygian Delos) floating on the main. 
 
 Sylvester, Fifth day,jirst weeke, 109. 
 
 PlACULARY, criminal. 
 
 He lived and died with general councils 
 in his pate, with windmills of union to con- 
 cord Rome and England, England and Rome, 
 Germany with them both, and all other 
 sister Churches with the rest, without asking 
 leave of the Tridentine Council. This was 
 his piaculary heresy. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 102. 
 
 PIAZZIAN, pertaining to a piazza or 
 arcade.
 
 PICCANINNY 
 
 ( 49 1 ) 
 
 PIECENER 
 
 Or where in Pluto's gardens palatine, 
 Mulciber's columns gleam iu far piazzian 
 line. Keats, Lamia. 
 
 PICCANINNY, a child: a West Indian 
 word. 
 
 But spite of pounds or guineas, 
 Instead of giviug any hint, 
 Of turuing to a neutral tiut, 
 The plaguy negroes and their piccaninnies 
 Were still the colour of the bird that caws. 
 Hood, A Black Job. 
 
 PICK, the diamond, in a playing-card, 
 so called from the point. 
 
 And here and there 
 And farther off, and everywhere ; 
 Throughout that brave mosaick yard 
 Those picks or diamonds in the card : 
 "With peeps of harts, and club, and spade, 
 Are here most neatly interlaid. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 177. 
 
 PICKAGE, money paid for breaking 
 ground by those who set up booths at 
 fairs. Tlie extract is from the form 
 used in granting the freedom of Bever- 
 ley. 
 
 Know ye that King Athelstan of famous 
 memory did grant ... an exemption of all 
 manner of Imposts, Toll, Tallage, Stallage, 
 Tannage, Lastage, Pickage, "Wharfage. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, iii. 188. 
 
 PICKLED, roguish : a troublesome or 
 mischievous child is still often called a 
 pickle. R. gives the phrase, a pickled 
 rogiie, but no example. 
 
 His poor boy Jack was the most comical 
 bastard ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, a pickled dog, I 
 shall never forget him. Farquhar, Recruit- 
 ing Officer, Act V. 
 
 PICK-POCKETISM, picking pockets. 
 
 The ordinary pick-pocket filches a pnrse, 
 and the matter is at an end. He neither 
 takes honor to himself openly on the score 
 of the purloined purse, nor does he subject 
 the individual robbed to the charge of pick- 
 pocketism in his own person. E. A. Poe, 
 Marginalia, clxxxviii. 
 
 PICK-PURSE (used adjectivally), mer- 
 cenary ; fraudulent. The speaker is a 
 Protestant prisoner arraigned before 
 Bonner, 1555. 
 
 Such pick-purse matters is all the whole 
 rabble of your ceremonies ; for all is but 
 money matters that ye maintain. Maitland 
 on Reformation, p. 529. 
 
 PICKTHANK, to obtain by false and 
 flattering means. 
 
 It had been a more probable story to have 
 said he did it to pickthank an opportunity of 
 getting more money. Xortn, Examen, p. 
 278. 
 
 PICK-TOOTH, leisurely ; as it is in 
 vacant moments that the toothpick is 
 usually employed. 
 
 My lord and I after a pretty cheerful tete- 
 a-tete meal, sat us down by the fireside in an 
 easy, indolent, pick-tooth way for about a 
 quarter of an hour. Ciller, Provoked Hus- 
 band, Act III. 
 
 PICQUERER, a skirmisher; one who 
 carries on a guerilla warfare. 
 
 This I shall do, as in other concerns of 
 this history, by following the author's steps, 
 for he is now a picquerer, relates nothing 
 but by way of cavil. North, Examen, p. 406. 
 
 PICTURESQUISH, belonging to the 
 picturesque. 
 
 For many a mile he had not seen 
 But one unvarying level green ; 
 Nor had the way one object brought 
 That wak'd a picturesquish thought. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour i. c. 16. 
 
 PIE, the name given by printers to 
 their types when mixed together in 
 confusion, referring I suppose to "the 
 number and hardness of the rules called 
 the Pie." 
 
 Unordered paradings and clamour, not 
 without strong liquor ; objurgation, insub- 
 ordination ; your military ranked arrange- 
 ment going all (as the typographers say of 
 set types in a similar case) rapidly to pie. 
 Car'yle, Fr. Rev., Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 This same Dictionary without judgment 
 and without arrangement, bad Dictionary 
 gone to pie, as we may call it, is the store- 
 house from which subsequent biographies 
 have all furnished themselves. Ibid., Crom- 
 well, i. 12. 
 
 PIECE. The Diets, give this = a 
 woman, but it also sometimes means a 
 man. In the second extract a woman 
 is addressing a man. 
 
 What complyings and cringings must this 
 poore perplexed Minister use to fence him- 
 self against the crafty agitations of his spite- 
 full neighbours and those pragmatick pieces 
 who in every corner doe hover over the heads 
 of Ministers, as Kites doe over Pigeons. Gau- 
 den, Tears of the Church, p. 228. 
 Many fears urge my eares 
 
 That I should careful be, 
 I f eare I match a crabbed piece 
 If I should marry thee. 
 
 Roxburyh Ballads, ii, 441. 
 
 PIECENER. See_extract. 
 
 The children whose -duty it is to walk 
 backwards and forewards before the reels, 
 on which the cotton, silk, or worsted is 
 wound, for the purpose of joining the 
 threads when they break are called piccer
 
 PIECER 
 
 ( 492 ) 
 
 PIKE 
 
 or pieceners. Mrs. Trollops, Michael Arm- 
 strong, ch. viii. 
 
 PIECER. See PIECENER. 
 
 PIECES, AT ALL, at all points. 
 
 The image of a man at Armes on horse- 
 backe, armed at all peeces. with a launce in 
 his hand. Holland's Camden, p. 780. 
 
 Horsemen armed at all peeces. Ibid., p. 
 783. 
 
 Pi ELF, to pilfer. See quotation s. v. 
 CHRISTENTEE. 
 
 The one partee had pielfed or embesleed 
 awaie a thing of the others. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 141. 
 
 PIG-CHEER, food from the pig, as 
 harn, sausages, pork, &c. ; the word is 
 used in Yorkshire, and applied especi- 
 ally to dishes made from the viscera of 
 the pig. See Holderness Glossary (E. 
 D. S.). 
 
 Christmas was formerly, as now, the prin- 
 cipal season for pig-cheer. Arch., xliv. 208 
 (1871). 
 
 PIGEON-TOED, putting the feet down 
 straight, not turning out the toes. 
 
 The jacket, the loose trousers bows'd up 
 
 together all 
 Guiltless of braces as those of Charles 
 
 Wetherall, 
 The pigeon-toed step and the rollicking 
 
 motion, 
 Bespoke them two genuine sons of the 
 
 Ocean. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Dead Drummer). 
 
 PIGEON WOOD. 
 
 My lady Hervey, who you know doats 
 upon everything French, is charmecl with 
 the hopes of these new shoes, and has already 
 bespoke herself a pair of pigeon -wood. Wai- 
 pole, Letters, i. 121 (1745). 
 
 PIGMENT, explained by Scott in a 
 note in loc. as " a sweet and rich 
 liquor composed of wine highly spiced, 
 and sweetened also with honey." 
 
 Oswald, broach the oldest wine-cask ; place 
 the best mead, the mightiest ale, the richest 
 morat, the most sparkling cider, the most 
 odoriferous pigments upon the board. Ivan- 
 hoe, i. 49. 
 
 PIGMIE, a small species of apple ? 
 
 A foot like a bear, a leg like a bedstaff, a 
 hand like a hatchet, an eye like a pig, and a 
 face like a winter piymie. Ron-ley, Match 
 at Midnight, Act II. 
 
 PIGS. To bring pigs to a fine market 
 to be disappointed or unsuccessful ; 
 to carry pigs to market to deal or do 
 business. 
 
 Strap with a hideous groan observed that 
 we had brought our pigs to a fine market. 
 Smollett, R. Random, ch. xv. 
 
 Roger may carry his pigs to another market. 
 Ibid., H. Clinker, i. 89. 
 
 PIGS. Please the piys, a very com- 
 mon expression = if all be well. Some 
 have supposed it to be a corruption 
 of " please the pix," which held the 
 Host ; others think it an abbreviation 
 of " please the pixies," or fairies. See 
 extract s. v. POP. 
 
 I'll have one of the wigs to carry into the 
 country with me, and please the pigs. T. 
 Brown, Works, ii. 198. 
 
 PIG-SCONCE, a fool ; a pig's head. 
 Jonson, quoted by ii.,has "pig-headed 
 sconce." 
 
 Ding. He is no pig-sconce, mistress. 
 
 Secret. He has an excellent head-piece. 
 
 Massinger, City Madam, III. i. 
 
 PIG TOGETHER, to associate together 
 in a confused or untidy way. 
 
 "When reason sleeps, extravagance breaks 
 loose ; quality and peasantry p iy together ; 
 there is no difference between a lord and a 
 lacquey, but that he is more to blame. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 537 
 How the Smiths contrived to live, and 
 
 whether 
 The fourteen Murphys all pigg'd together. 
 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 PIKE, a turnstile ; also an abbrevi- 
 ation of turnpike. The second quot- 
 ation is taken from a note on the first 
 in Bp. Jacobson's edition of Sanderson. 
 To pass the pikes wns a proverbial 
 phrase expressive of difficulty. Another 
 example will be found in Burton's An- 
 atomy of Melancholy, p. 589. 
 
 Neither John's mourning nor Christ's 
 piping can pass the pikes ; but the one hath 
 a devil, the other is a glutton and a wine- 
 bibber. Sanderson, ii. 45. 
 
 There were many pikes to be passed through, 
 a complete order of afflictions to be under- 
 gone and accomplished. Hacket, 3rd Sermon 
 on the Transfiguration. 
 
 "Wery queer life is a ^n'fre-keeper's, sir 
 . . . they're all on 'em men as has met 
 with some disappointment in life," said Mr. 
 Weller, senior ..." Consequence of vich 
 they retires from the world, and shut them- 
 selves up in pikes." Pickwick Papers, ch. 
 xxii. 
 
 PIKE, quarrel (?) 
 
 Consisting of manifold dispositions there 
 was dayly wauering, sometimes pikes amongst 
 themselues. Daniel, Hist, of En//., p. 151. 
 
 This caused new pikes of displeasure. 
 Ibid., p. 153.
 
 PIKEMAN 
 
 ( 493 ) 
 
 PILOTEER 
 
 PIKEMAN, a turn-pike keeper. 
 
 Then there was . . . the cheery toot of 
 the guard's horii to warn some drowsy pike- 
 man or the ostler at the next change. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown's School Days, Pt. I. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 PILATE'S VOICE, a loud voice, such as 
 belonged to the part of Pilate in the 
 mystery-plays. 
 
 He heard a certain oratonr speaking out 
 of measure loude and high, and altogether 
 in Pilate's voice. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 382. 
 
 PILCH, to pilfer. 
 
 Some steale, some pilch, 
 Some all away filch. 
 
 Tusser, Huslandrie, p. 33. 
 
 PILE, applied to a town. 
 
 Taking a jorney on a time to the towne 
 of Myndus, he sawe great wide gates and of 
 gorgious or royal building, where as the 
 towne was but a little pie&ty jn/le. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 146. 
 
 PILE, castle. 
 
 They left neither pile, village, nor house 
 standing unburnt. Expedition in Scotland, 
 1544 (Eny. Garner, i. 119). 
 
 The inhabitants at this day call it Mil- 
 nesse ; and as small a village as it is, yet 
 hath it & pile. Holland's Camden, p. 775. 
 
 Swinburne, a little castle or pile, which 
 gave name unto a worthy family. Hid., 
 p. 806. 
 
 PILGRIMAGE, to go as a pilgrim. 
 
 To Egypt she'll pilgrimage, at Meroe fill, 
 "Warme drops to sprinkle Isis Temple. 
 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, vi. 555. 
 He . . pilgrimaged from one sanctuary to 
 another Escape of Charles II. 1660 (Harl. 
 Misc., iv. 447). 
 
 Like pilgrimaging rats, 
 Unawed by mortals, and uuscared by cats. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 186. 
 
 PILGRIM-SALVE, an old ointment. See 
 H.. but in the subjoined it = ordure. 
 
 The whole pavement is pilgrim-salve, most 
 excellent to liquor shoes withal, and soft 
 and easy for the bare-foot perambulators. 
 Modern Account of Scotland, 1670 (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 137). 
 
 PILL. See extracts : also H. s. v. 
 
 Pill is a small creek capable of holding 
 vessels to load and unload. It is perhaps a 
 word peculiar to the Severn. Archceol., xxix. 
 163 (1819). 
 
 The term pyll is still used, and means a 
 creek subject to the tide. The pi/lls are the 
 channels through which the drainings of the 
 marshes enter the river. P. de la Garde on 
 Lock Canal. Exeter, 1840 (Ibid., xxviii. 19). 
 
 About two miles north of Oldbury is a 
 pill or mouth of a brook. Ibid., xix. 10 
 (1841). 
 
 PILL, to black ball. 
 
 He was coming on for election at Bay's* 
 and was as nearly pilled as any man I ever 
 knew in my life. Thackeray, Neiccomes, ch. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 PILLAR. From pillar to post, or 
 From post to pillar = to and fro. 
 
 From thee poast toe piler with thoght his 
 rackt wyt he tosseth. Stanylturst, JEn., iv. 
 296. 
 
 And, dainty duke, whose doughty dismal 
 
 fame 
 
 From Dis to DEedalus,/ro>M post to pillar 
 Is blown abroad, help me thy poor well- 
 wilier. Tiro Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 
 In the tyme of her sister Queene Marie's 
 raigne how was she handled ? tost from 
 pillar to post, imprisoned, sought to be put 
 to death. Breton, Character of Elizabeth, 
 p. 5. 
 
 Our Guards from pillar bang'd to post, 
 He kick'd about till they were lost. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 62. 
 
 PILLARET, small pillar. 
 
 The Cathedrall of Salisbury (dedicated to 
 the Blessed Virgin) is paramount in this 
 kind, wherein the Doors and Chappells equal 
 the Months, the "Windows the Days, the 
 Pillars and Pillarets of Fusill Marble (an 
 ancient Art now shrewdly suspected to be 
 lost) the Hours in the Year. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Wilts (ii. 436). 
 
 [A font] at Ancaster with interlaced arches 
 on long pillarets, like another at Neswick in 
 Yorkshire. Archaol., x. 188 (1792). 
 
 PILLION, the head-dress of a priest. 
 See H. : hence pylyoned = adorned 
 with such head-dress. 
 
 The idolatour, the tyraunt, and the whore- 
 mongar are no mete mynisters for hym, 
 though they be never so gorgyously mytered, 
 coped, and tippeted, or never so finely forced, 
 pylioned and scarletted. Vocacyon of Johan 
 Bale, 1553 (Harl. Misc., vi. 442). 
 
 PILL-MONGER, contemptuous name 
 for an apothecary. 
 
 There has, Major, been here an impudent 
 pill-monger, who has dar'd to scandalize the 
 whole body of the bench. Foote, Mayor of 
 Garret, Act I. 
 
 PILOTEER, pilot. 
 As to the Pole the lilly bends 
 In a sea-compass, and still tends, 
 By a magnetic mystery, 
 Unto the Arctic poiut in sky, 
 Whereby the wandering piloteer 
 His course in gloomy nights doth steer. 
 Howell, Letters, iii. 4.
 
 PILL- PATE 
 
 ( 494 ) 
 
 PINTADO 
 
 PILL-PATE, shaveling ; one who has 
 the tonsure. 
 
 These smeared pill-pates, I would say pre- 
 lates, first of all accused him, and afterward 
 pronounced the sentence of death upon him. 
 Becon, ii. 315. 
 
 PILOTLESS, without a pilot. 
 Though Rudder - lesse, not Pilot -lesse this 
 
 Boat 
 Among the Reeds by the Floud's side did 
 
 float. Sylvester, The Lawe, 168. 
 
 PILDLOUS, like or belonging to a pill. 
 
 Has any one ever pinched into its pilulous 
 smallness the cobweb of pre-matrimonial 
 acquaintanceship? G. Eliot, Middlemarch, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 PIMPLE. Pimple in a bent, some- 
 thing very minute. Cf. KNOT IN A 
 
 BUSH. 
 
 I could lay down heere sundrye examples, 
 were yt not I should bee thoght ouer curious, 
 by prying owt a pimple in a bent. Stany- 
 hurst, JEneid, Dedic. 
 
 PIMPS. See extract. Grose says 
 that they are so called because they in- 
 troduce the coals to the fire. 
 
 Here they make those faggots which the 
 wood-mongers call Ostrey-wood, and iu par- 
 ticular those small light bavins which are 
 used in taverns in London to light their 
 fagots, and are called in the taverns a Brush, 
 and by the wood-men Pimps. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Britain, i. 138. 
 
 PINCH-COMMONS, miser. 
 
 What if this house be strewed iu ruins 
 before morning? Where would be the 
 world's want iu the crazed projector, and 
 the niggardly pinch-commons by which it is 
 inhabited ? Scott, Pirate, i. 92. 
 
 PINCUSHIONED, pierced or perforated 
 like a pincushion. 
 
 Her heart was pincushioned with his filial 
 crimes. Thackeray, Lovel the Widower, ch. iv. 
 
 PINDFOOL, a ludicrous and sarcastic 
 form of pinfold. 
 
 Then began the pindfools and cloisters to 
 be made in the Churches to reserve their 
 new God in. Hooper, i. 527. 
 
 PlN-PROP. A pin-drop silence = a 
 profound silence, in which one might 
 hear a pin drop. 
 
 A pin-drop silence strikes o'er all the place. 
 Leiyh Hunt, Rimini, c. i. 
 
 PIN-EYED. Crabbe explains in a 
 note, " An auricula, or any other single 
 flower, is so called, when the stigma 
 (the part which arises from the seed- 
 
 vessel) is protruded beyond the tube of 
 the flower, and becomes visible." 
 This is no shaded, run-off, pin-eyed thing, 
 A king of flowers, a flower for England's 
 king. Crabbe, Borough, Letter viii. 
 
 PINK, a beauty. Pink of perfection, 
 courtesy, &c., are expressions still in 
 use, and are illustrated by L., but pink 
 by itself in this sense is less common. 
 
 He had a pretty pincke to his own wedded 
 wife. Breton, Merry Wonders, p. 7. 
 
 PINS, legs. See extract s. v. MAGPIE. 
 
 Than wolde I renne thyder on my pynnes 
 
 As fast as I myght go. 
 
 Hycke-Scorner (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., 
 'i. 102). 
 
 His body is not set upon nice pinnes to bee 
 turning and flexible for euery motion, but 
 his scrape is homely, and his nod worse. 
 Earle, Microcosmographie (Dotcne-riyht 
 scholler). 
 
 Mistake you ! no, no, your legs would dis- 
 cover you among a thousand ; I never saw a 
 fellow better set upon his pins. Buryoyne, 
 Lord of the Manor, iii. 3. 
 
 PINS. To drink at pins. See ex- 
 tract. Fuller adds in the margin, 
 " Hence probiibly the proverb, He is in 
 a merry pin." The ordinance given 
 in the quotation is one of those at 
 the Synod of Westminster, A.D. 1102. 
 There is a picture of a peg - cup in 
 Hone's Year Book, p. 482, where it is 
 said they were ordained by King Edgar 
 to limit the draught, and so prevent 
 drunkenness, which h;id increased under 
 Danish example. If this were the 
 object, it was not attained, if Fuller's 
 statement be correct. 
 
 That priests should not go to public drink- 
 ings, nee ad pinnas bibant, nor drink at pins. 
 This was a Dutch trick (but now used in 
 England) of artificial drunkenness out of 
 a cup marked with certain pins, and he ac- 
 counted the man who could nick the pin, 
 driuking even unto it ; whereas to go above 
 or beueath it was a forfeiture. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., III. ii. 3. 
 
 PINS AND NEEDLES, the tingling sen- 
 sation which attends the recovery of 
 circulation in a benumbed limb. 
 
 A man . . . may tremble, stammer, and 
 show other signs of recovered sensibility no 
 more in the range of his acquired talents 
 than pins and needles after numbness. G. 
 Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 PINTADO, painted cloth (?). 
 
 To Woodcott. when I supped at my lady 
 Mordannt's at Ashted, where was a roorne 
 hung with Pintado, full of figures greate and
 
 ( 495 ) 
 
 PISSEBOLLE 
 
 Small, prettily representing sundry trades 
 and occupations of the Indians with their 
 habits. Evelyn, Diary, Dec. 30, 1665. 
 
 PINTLE. L., who gives no example, 
 says, " corruption of pendulum : hook 
 of upper half of each hinge by which 
 the rudder is hung." The extract is 
 portion of a comparison between the 
 parts of a man's body and the parts of 
 a ship. 
 
 The planks are his ribs, the beams his 
 bones, the pintel and gudgeons are his gristle 
 and cartilages. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 9. 
 
 PIN WOOD, wood fit for pegs. 
 A clauestock and rabetstock carpenter's 
 
 craue, 
 And seasoned timber for pinwood to haue. 
 
 Tusser's Husbandrie, p. 38. 
 
 PIONEES are among the " necessarie 
 herbes to growe in the garden for phy- 
 sick, not rehersed before," mentioned 
 in Tusser's Husbandrie, p. 97: now 
 Anglicised into peonies. 
 
 PIPE, to set layers (?). 
 
 No botanist am I ; nor wished to learn 
 from you of all the muses that piping has a 
 new signification. I had rather that you 
 handled an oaten reed than a carnation one, 
 yet setting layers I own is preferable to 
 reading newspaper?, one of the chronical 
 maladies of this age. Walpole, Letters, iv. 
 440 (1788). 
 
 PIPE. To pipe the eye = to cry. 
 Then reading on his 'bacco box, 
 
 He heav'd a heavy sigh ; 
 And then began to eye his pipe, 
 And then to pipe his eye. 
 
 Hood, Faithless Sally Brown. 
 
 He was very frail and tearful: for being 
 aware that a shepherd's mission was to pipe 
 to his flocks, and that a boatswain's mission 
 was to pipe all hands, and that one man's 
 mission was to be a paid piper, and another 
 man's mission was to pay the piper, so he 
 had got it into his head that his own peculiar 
 mission was to pipe his eye; which he did 
 perpetually. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. 
 xxxii. 
 
 PIPE MERRY, merry from wine (which 
 is stored in pipes). 
 
 Wine deliuereth the harte from all care 
 and thought when a bodie is pipe merie. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p, 159. 
 
 PIPER. Drunk as a piper or fiddler 
 = very drunk. For similar compari- 
 sons see s. v. DRUNK. 
 
 Jerry thought proper to mount the table, 
 and harangue in praise of temperance ; and 
 in short proceeded so long in recomme ding 
 sobriety, and in tossing off horns of ale, that 
 
 he became as drunk as a piper. Graves, 
 Spiritual Quixote, Bk. X. ch. xxix. 
 
 PIPER. To pay the piper = to be at 
 the expense ; to be the loser. 
 
 "I like not that music, father Cedric," 
 said Athelstane. ..." Nor I either, uncle," 
 said "Wamba. " I greatly fear we shall have to 
 pay the piper." Scott, Ivaiihoe, i. 267. 
 
 Negotiation there now was. . . . Dupoufc 
 de Nemours as daysman between a Colonel 
 and a Marquis, both in high wrath ; Buf- 
 fiere to pay the piper. Carlyle, Miscellanies, 
 iv. 89. 
 
 PIPKINNET, little pipkin. 
 God ! to my little meale and oyle, 
 Add but a bit of flesh to boyle ; 
 And Thou my pipkinnet shalt see 
 Give a wave-offering to Thee. 
 
 Herrick, Noble Numbers, p. 404. 
 
 PIPY, long like a pipe. 
 Desolate places where dank moisture breeds 
 The pipy hemlock to strange overgrowth. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. i. 
 
 PIRATESS, a female pirate. 
 
 The pirates and piratesses had controul of 
 both. W. H. Russell, My diary North and 
 South, i. 163. 
 
 PIROUETTE (Fr.), to whirl round. 
 
 If I were to put on such a necklace as 
 that, I should feel as if I had been pirouet- 
 tiny. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. i. 
 
 PlSClCAPTURE, fish-taking. See 
 quotation more at length s. v. SNATCH- 
 ING. 
 
 Snatching is a form of illicit piscicapture. 
 Standard, Oct. 21, 1878. 
 
 PISSABED. L., who gives no ex- 
 ample, says, "Name given to the 
 dandelion (Leontodon taraxacum) from 
 its tendency to act on the urine. Wol- 
 cot in a note says that the second Lord 
 Chatham was made F. R. S. for pre- 
 senting some such plant to the Royal 
 Society. 
 Through him each trifle-hunter that can 
 
 briug 
 
 A grub, a weed, a moth, a beetle's wing, 
 Shall to a Fellow's dignity succeed ; 
 "Witness Lord Chatham and his piss-a-bed. 
 
 P. Ptndar, p. 234. 
 
 PISSEBOLLE, a chamber-pot. 
 
 She beyng moche the more incensed by 
 reason of her housbandes quietnesse and 
 stilnesse, powred doune a pissebolle upon 
 hym out of a windore. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Aptphth., p. 25. 
 
 Whereat manye men are commonly as 
 heynouslye offended, and take the matter in 
 as greate snuffe, as they would to be crowned
 
 PSSS IN A QUILL ( 496 ) 
 
 PLACATION 
 
 with a pyseebolle. Touchstone of Complexion, 
 p. 99. 
 
 Piss IN A QUILL. This coarse expres- 
 sion = to agree in a course of action, 
 seems to be used proverbially. 
 
 So strangely did Papist and Fanatic, or (as 
 it stood then) the Auti-Court party p s in 
 a quill ; agreeing in all things that tended 
 to create troubles and disturbances. North, 
 Examen, p 70. 
 
 Because we are apt to think a little amiss 
 of Ferguson, he would have us believe that 
 he and the Secretary p d in a quill ; they 
 were confederates in this No Fanatic plot. 
 Ibid., p. 399. 
 
 PISTOLEER, one who holds or fires 
 a pistol ; the word is formed on the 
 model of cannoneer. 
 
 Is the Chalk-Farm pistoleer inspired with 
 any reasonable belief and determination ; or 
 is he hounded on by haggard indefinable 
 fear? Carlyle, Misc., iii. 94. 
 
 PIT, to put cocks in a cock-pit for 
 battle : hence the phrases, to pit one 
 person against another ; or to shoot or 
 fly the pit. 
 
 Their enemies rejoyce, their friends turn 
 craven, aud all forsake the pit before the 
 battle. Hist, of Edward II., p. 120. 
 
 The whole nation came into the interests 
 of the Crown, and siguified as much by 
 almost universal acclamations aud addresses; 
 all expressing utmost detestation and abhor- 
 rence of the Whig principles, which made 
 the whole party shoot the pit and retire. 
 North, Examen, p. 327. 
 
 The pitting them [cocks] as they call it, 
 for the diversion and entertainment of man 
 was, I take it, a Grecian contrivance. 
 Archaol.. iii. 133 (1775). 
 
 We were all to blame to make madam 
 here Jly the pit, as she did. Richardson, 
 Pamela, ii. 308. 
 
 I've pledged myself to produce my beauty 
 at the next ball, aud to pit her agaiust 
 their belle for any money.- J/MS Edye worth, 
 Belinda, ch. xvii. 
 
 PIT-A-PAT, tread quickly. 
 As in grape-haruest with vnweary pains 
 A willing troup of merry-singing swains, 
 With crooked hooks the stroutiug clusters 
 
 cut, 
 
 In frails and flaskets them as quickly put, 
 Run bow'd with burthens to the fragrant fat, 
 Tumble them in, and after pit-a-pat 
 Up to the waste. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 1137. 
 
 PITCH, to pave roughly. 
 
 In July aud August was the highway 
 from near the end of St. Clement's Church 
 to the way leading to Marstou pitched with 
 pebbles. Life of A. Wood, July 10, 1682. 
 
 PITCH AND TOSS, a common game 
 with street boys ; throwing up a cop- 
 per and calling heads or tails ; hence 
 to pbiy pitch and toss with anything 
 is to be careless or wasteful about it. 
 
 Cf. DUCKS AND DRAKES. 
 
 The bounding pinnace played a game 
 
 Of dreary pitch and toss, 
 A game that on the good dry land 
 Is apt to bring a loss. 
 
 Hood, The Sea-spell. 
 
 If anybody says the Radicals are a set of 
 sneaks, Brummagem halfpennies, scamps 
 who want to play pitch-and-toss with the 
 property of the country, you can say, Look 
 at the member for North Loamshire. G. 
 Eliot, Felix Holt, ch. xix. 
 
 PITCH-BRAND, black mark. 
 
 David makes this the pitch-brand, as it 
 were, of wicked wret lies, They call not upon 
 God. Bp. Hall, Works, v. 569. 
 
 PITCHER-SOULED, shallow (?) ; trans- 
 parent. 
 
 He looks like a pitcher- souled fellow, and 
 I know little or he is as harmless as a piece 
 of bread. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. 
 III. ch. xv. 
 
 PITCH -FARTHING, chuck-farthing, 
 which is the commoner word. 
 
 A group of half-grown lads were playing 
 at pitch- farthing. Huyhes, Tom Brown at 
 Oxford, ch. xix. 
 
 PITCHKETTLED, puzzled. Scotch, 
 kittled, with pitch intensative, or ex- 
 pressive of darkness ? 
 
 Thus, the preliminaries settled, 
 I fairly find myself pitchkettled, 
 Aud cannot see, though few see better, 
 How I shall hammer out a letter. 
 
 Cowper, Epistle to Lloyd. 
 
 PITTED, dimpled : only used now of 
 indentations which are not reckoned 
 beautiful, as small-pox marks. 
 Her pitted cheeks aperde to be depaint 
 With mixed rose and lilies sweet and faint. 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 351. 
 
 PITTLE-PATTLK, to chatter. 
 
 In our deeds I fear me too many of us 
 deny God to be God, whatsoever we pittle- 
 pattle with our tongues. Latimer, i. 106. 
 
 PLACATION, propitiation. 
 
 They were the first that instituted sacri- 
 fices of placation, with inuocations and wor- 
 ship to them as to Gods. Puttenham, Eny. 
 Poesie, Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 The people were taught and persuaded by 
 such placations and worships to receane any 
 helpe, comfort, or benefito to theinselues. 
 Ibid., Bk. I. ch. xii.
 
 PLACEBO 
 
 ( 497 ) 
 
 PLASM A TOR 
 
 PLACEBO. To be at the school of 
 Placebo = to be time-serving : the 
 usual phrase is "to sing Placebo. 11 
 See N. s. v. 
 
 Nowe they haue bene at the skoole of 
 Placebo, and ther they haue lerued amongst 
 ladyes to daunse as the deuill lyst to pype. 
 Knox, Golly Letter, 1544 (Maitland, Re- 
 formation, p. 88). 
 
 PLACENTIOUS, pleasing ; amiable. 
 
 He was . . a placentious Person, gaining 
 the good-will of all with whom he conversed 
 Fuller, Worthies, York (ii. 542). 
 
 PLAGE, region. R. has the word, but 
 only as a plural. 
 
 You that have marched with happy Tam- 
 
 burlaine 
 
 As far as from the frozen plage of heaven, 
 Unto the watery morning's ruddy bower. 
 
 Marlowe I. Tamburlaine. iv. 4. 
 He brings a world of people to the field, 
 From Scythia to the oriental plage 
 Of India. Ibid., 2 Tamb., I. i. ' 
 PLAGIARY-SHIP, plagiarism ; literary 
 theft, 
 
 Such Plagiary-ship ill becometh Authors 
 or Painters. Fuller, Worthies. Warwick (ii. 
 417). 
 
 PLAIN, to lament ; this word is in 
 the Diets., but the extract marks well 
 the distinction between plain and com- 
 plain, though the former word is some- 
 times used for the latter. 
 
 Though he plain, he doth not complain ; 
 for it is a harm, but no wrong, which he 
 hath received. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 117. 
 
 PLAISTERISH, cretaceous. 
 
 Fracastorius supposeth that the 
 
 Island gat the name Albion of the saide 
 plaistensh Soile. Holland's Camden, p. 24. 
 
 PLAISTERLY, of the nature of plaster. 
 
 Others looked for it (cause of sweating- 
 sickness) from the earth, as arising from an 
 exhalation in most weather out of gipsous or 
 plaisterly ground. Fuller, Hist, of Camb., 
 vii. 36. 
 
 PLANETARY, wandering. 
 
 After the prince's out leap, the King lin- 
 gred at New-market till the time was nigh 
 that every day tidings were expected of his 
 safe arrival in Spain, that he might shew 
 himself to the Lords at Whitehall with 
 better confidence, which he did March 30, 
 being the first day that the Lord Keeper 
 spake with the King about his dear son's 
 planetary absence. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 115. 
 
 I am credibly informed he in some sort 
 repented his removall from his parish, and 
 disliked his own erratical and planetary life. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IX. vii. 68. 
 
 PLANGENT, beating, and in its second- 
 ary meaning, beating the breast, and 
 so, lamenting. In the latest edition of 
 Ph. van Artevelde (1877), Sir H. Taylor 
 has altered the word to "restless." In 
 former editions, he says in a note, " I 
 have adopted this (as it sounds to my 
 ears) very euphonious epithet from a 
 little poem called " The Errors of Ec- 
 stacie," by W. Darley ; a poem which is 
 full of this sort of euphony, and re- 
 markable on other accounts." 
 
 The seaman who sleeps sound upon the deck, 
 Nor hears the loud lamenting of the blast, 
 Nor heeds the weltering of the plangent 
 wa.ve.-Ph. van Artevelde, Pt. I. i. 10. 
 
 PLANGOR, plaint. 
 
 Every one mourneth when he heareth of 
 the lamentable planyors of Thracian Orpheus 
 for his dearest Eurydice Meres, Eng. Liter- 
 ature, 1598 (Eng. Garner, ii. 96). 
 
 PLANLESS, indefinite ; without a plan. 
 
 One half of the armed multitude . . . had 
 been employed in the more profitable work 
 of attacking rich houses, not with planless 
 desire for plunder, but with that discrimin- 
 ating selection of such as belonged to the 
 chief Piaguoni, which showed that the riot 
 was under guidance. G. Eliot, Romola, 
 ch. Ixvi. 
 
 PLANT, the stock or apparatus used 
 in a business. 
 
 "What with the plant, as Mr. Peck tech- 
 nically phrased a great upas-tree of a total, 
 branching out into types, cases, printing- 
 presses, engines, &c my father's for- 
 tune was reduced to a sum of between seven 
 and eight thousand pounds. Lytton, The 
 Caxtons, Bk. XI. ch. vi. 
 
 PLANT-PLOT, cultivated land. 
 
 Tributes also were imposed .... for 
 Corne-grounds, plant-plots, groves or parks. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 100. 
 
 "Which .... they translated hither as 
 unto a more fruitefull plant-plot. Ibid., p. 
 377. 
 
 PLAP, an onomatopoeous word to sig- 
 nify the dropping of water, or some 
 similar sound. 
 
 There is Barnes Newcome's eloquence 
 still plappinrj on like water from a cistern. 
 Thackeray, Hewcomes, ch. Ixvi. 
 
 The white bears winked their pink eyes, 
 as they flapped up and down by their pool. 
 Ibid., Roundabout Papers, x. 
 
 PLASMATOR, former : this and the 
 succeeding word were suggested by 
 the words in the original. 
 
 The sovereign plasmator, God Almighty, 
 hath endowed and adorned human nature at 
 K K
 
 PLASMATURE 
 
 ( 498 ) 
 
 PLENIPO 
 
 the beginning. Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. II. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 PLASMATURE, form. 
 
 By death should be brought to nought 
 that so stately frame and plasmature wherein 
 the man at first had been created. Urqu- 
 hart, Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. viii. 
 
 PLATECOTK, coat of mail : the Diets, 
 give instances of plate = armour. 
 Spenser has plated-cote, and yron-coted 
 plate: breast-plate is still common. 
 
 An helmette and a Jacke or platecote 
 hideth all partes of a manne, sauyng the 
 legges. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 308. 
 
 PLATFORM, to plan ; to lay out ; also, 
 to rest as on a platform. 
 
 Some . . do not think it for the ease of 
 their inconsequent opinions to grant that 
 church discipline is plat/armed in the Bible, 
 but that it is left to the discretion of men. 
 Milton, Reason of Ch. Gov., ch. i. 
 
 And this dog was satisfied 
 
 If a pale thin hand would glide 
 
 Down his dewlaps sloping 
 Which he pushed his nose within, 
 After platforminy his chin 
 
 On the palm left open. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, To Flush. 
 
 PLATITUDINARIAN, a retailer of plati- 
 tudes or common-places. 
 
 You have a respect for a political plati- 
 tudinarian as insensible as an ox to every- 
 thing he can't turn into political capital. G. 
 Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xiii. 
 
 PLAUD, to applaud. 
 
 That at our banquet all the Gods may tend, 
 Plaudina our victorie and this happie end. 
 
 Chapman, Blind Begger of Alexandria 
 
 (Conclusion). 
 
 But you fast friends of foul carnality 
 And false to God, His tender sonne do gore, 
 And plaud yourselves if 't be not mortally. 
 H. More, Life of the Soul, iii. 39. 
 
 PLAUSIBELIZE, to recommend. 
 
 He endeavoured to work himself into their 
 good will by erecting and endowing of re- 
 ligious houses, so as to plausibelize himself, 
 especially among the clergy. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., IV. iv. 7. 
 
 PLAUSIBLE, applauding ; rejoicing. 
 
 I will haste to declare of what virtue and 
 strength the true and Christian prayer is, 
 that men knowing the efficacy and dignity, 
 yea, and the necessity thereof, may with the 
 pure plausible and joyful minds delight in 
 it. Becon, i. 141. 
 
 PLAYACTORISM, histrionism. 
 
 Sterling's view of the Pope, as seen in 
 these his gala days, doing his big playactor- 
 ism under God's earnest sky, was much 
 
 more substantial to me than his studies in 
 the picture galleries. Carlyle, Life of Ster- 
 ling, Pt. II. ch. vii. 
 
 PLEASABLE, pleasant. 
 
 I have been compeled to speake in your 
 presens (and in presens of others) suche 
 thinges as were not pleasable to the eares of 
 men. Knox, Godly Letter, 1544 (Maitland, 
 Reformation, p. 188). 
 
 PLEASURABLE, in the extracts plea- 
 sure-seeking ; its ordinary sense is 
 pleasure-giving. 
 
 A person of his pleasurable turn and active 
 spirit could never have submitted to take 
 long or great pains in attaining the qualifi- 
 cations he is master of. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harloice, i. 74. 
 
 On the restoration of his Majesty of plea- 
 surable memory, he hastened to court, where 
 he rolled away and shone as in his native 
 sphere. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 2. 
 
 PLEASURER, a pleasure-seeker. Sir T. 
 Browne has pleasurist. 
 
 Let us turn now to another portion of the 
 London population . . . we mean the Sun- 
 day pleasurers. Sketches by Boz (London 
 Recreations). 
 
 PLEASURELESS, devoid of pleasure. 
 
 He himself was sliding into that pleasure- 
 less yielding to the small solicitations of cir- 
 cumstance, which is a commoner history of 
 perdition than any single momentous bar- 
 gain. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. Ixxix. 
 
 PLEBE, people ; mob. 
 But still the Plebe with thirst and fury prest, 
 Thus roaring, raving, 'gainst their Chiefs 
 
 contest. 
 
 Sylvester, Bethulia's Rescue, iii. 391 . 
 
 PLECTILE, woven. 
 
 The crowns and garlands of the Ancients 
 .... were made up after all ways of art, 
 compactile, sutile, plectile. Sir T. Broicn, 
 Tract II. 
 
 PLENIPO, plenipotentiary. 
 
 I'll give all my silver amongst the drawers, 
 make a bonfire before the door, say thepleni- 
 pos have signed the peace, and the Bank of 
 England's grown honest. I'anbruyh, Prov. 
 Wife, iii. 1. 
 
 All passed well, and the plenipos returned 
 with their purchase, the return of the elec- 
 tion, back to London. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 163. 
 
 Whiteacre . . was the treason plenipo at 
 that time. Ibid., Examen, p. 297. 
 
 "We were buoyed up here for some days 
 with the hope that General Lauringtou was 
 gone to England as plenipo, to end the dread 
 contest without effusion of blood. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 329.
 
 PLENTIFY 
 
 ( 499 ) PLOWWR1GHT 
 
 PLENTIFY, to make plenteous ; to 
 enrich. 
 For alms (like levain) make our goods to 
 
 rise, 
 
 And God His owne with blessings plentifies. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 1145. 
 
 PLEONAST, one who uses redundant 
 or tautologous expressions. 
 
 Ere the mellifluous pleonast had done oil- 
 ing his paradox with fresh polysyllables . . 
 he met with a curious interruption. Reade, 
 Hard Cash, ch. xxv. 
 
 PLICATION, a fold : plicature is more 
 usual, though complication is common. 
 
 Thou hadst the two letters in thy hand. 
 Had they been in mine, the seal would have 
 yielded to the touch of my warm finger 
 (perhaps without the help of the post-office 
 bullet) ; and the folds, as other plications 
 have done, opened of themselves to oblige 
 my curiosity. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 
 345. 
 
 Why the deuce should you not be sitting 
 precisely opposite to me at this moment, . . . 
 thy juridical brow expanding its plications, as 
 a pun rose in your fancy. Scott, Redyauntlet, 
 Letter i. 
 
 PLOD SHOES, thick; fit for plodding 
 over rough ground. 
 
 How like a dog will you look, with a pair 
 of plod shoes, your hair cropp'd up to your 
 ears, and a bandbox under your arm. Fan- 
 burgh, Confederacy, Act I. 
 
 Because I ha'n't a pair of plod shoes and a 
 dirty shirt, you think a woman won't ven- 
 ture upon me for a husband. Ibid., JEsop., 
 ActV. 
 
 PLOOKT, pimpled. In the Holderness 
 Glossary (E. D. S.),pluke, pronounced 
 plook, is given as a Yorkshire word. 
 
 His face was as plooky as a curran' bun, 
 and his nose as red as a partan's tae. Gait, 
 Provost, ch. xxxii. 
 
 PLOT, plan, with no ill or secret 
 meaning. 
 
 Th' eternall Plot, th' Idea fore-conceiv'd, 
 The wondrous Form of all that Form re- 
 
 ceiv'd, 
 Did in the Work-man's spirit divinely lie. 
 
 Sylvester, The Columnes, 424. 
 
 She likes Brampton House and Seat better 
 than ever I did myself, and tells me how my 
 Lord hath drawn a plot of some alterations 
 to be made there. Pepys, Sept. 27, 1662. 
 
 PLOTTER, to trample. H. has planter, 
 to wade through. 
 
 Miss's pony has trodden down two rigs o' 
 corn, and plottered through, raight o'er into 
 t' meadow. E. Bronte, Wutheriny Heights, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 , to pluck in an examination 
 (University slang). 
 
 These two promising specimens were not 
 "ploughed," but were considered fit and pro- 
 per persons to teach that Religion to others, 
 the history of which they were so lament- 
 ably ignorant of themselves. Driven to Some 
 (1877), p. 68. 
 
 PLOUGH-TREE, plough-handle. 
 
 I whistled the same tunes to my horses, 
 and held my plough-tree just the same as if 
 no King or Queen had ever come to spoil my 
 tune or hand. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. 
 Ixxiv. 
 
 FLOUNCE, plunge ; flounce. 
 
 Our observation must not now launch into 
 the whirlpool, or rather plounce into the 
 mudd and quagmire of the people's power 
 and right pretended, That the sovereignty is 
 theirs, and originally in them. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 200. 
 
 PLOUSIOCRACY, the rule of the wealthy. 
 Plutocracy = the rule of wealth, is more 
 common. Southey has PLUTARCHY, q. v. 
 
 To say a word against the suitorcide delays 
 of the Court of Chancery, or the cruel pun- 
 ishments of the Game-laws, or against any 
 abuse which a rich man inflicted and the 
 poor man suffered, was treason against the 
 plousiocracy. Sydney Smith, Preface to 
 Essays from Edinb. Rev. 
 
 PLOW MEAT, food made of corn, as 
 distinguished from that derived from 
 pasture-lands. 
 
 Som cuntries lack ploic meat, 
 And som doe want cow meat. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 102. 
 
 PLOWSTAR, Charles's wain : geminos 
 Triones. 
 
 Thee lights starrye noting in globe celestial 
 
 hanging, 
 The seuu stars stormy, twise told thee plotc- 
 
 star, eke Arcture. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 528. 
 
 PLOWSWAIN, a ploughman. See s. v. 
 GOAD-GROOM. 
 
 I forced 
 Thee sulcking swinker thee soyle, thoghe 
 
 craggie to sunder ; 
 A labor and a trauaile too plowswayns hert- 
 
 elye welcoom. Stanyhurst, JEn.^\. 4. 
 Beasts leave their stals, plough-sicains their 
 
 fires forego, 
 Nor are the meadows white with drifts of 
 
 snow. 
 
 Heath's Odes of Horace, Bk. I. Ode 4. 
 
 PLOWWRIGHT, maker of ploughs. 
 Tusser (p. 137) dividing the corn har- 
 vest into ten equal parts gives, 
 
 K K 2
 
 PLUCKED 
 
 PLUTARCH^ 
 
 One part f or plowtcrite, cart write, knacker, 
 and smith 
 
 PLUCKED, a man who fails to pass his 
 examination is said to be plucked. 
 
 He went to college, and he got plucked, I 
 think they call it. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. x. 
 
 He had been a medical student, and got 
 plucked, his foes declared, in his examination. 
 C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xx. 
 
 PLUCKED. A good or well plucked 
 person is one of courage and endur- 
 ance ; a hard-plucked one is a person 
 deficient in tenderness. 
 
 " Shall I break off with the finest girl in 
 England, and the best-plucked one, and the 
 cleverest and wittiest? " ..." By Jove, you 
 are a good-plucked fellow, Fariatosh." 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. lix. 
 
 Many a youngster beginning to drag bis 
 legs heavily, and feel his heart beat like a 
 hammer, and the bad-plucked ones thinking 
 that after all it isn't worth while to keep it 
 np. Hughes, Tom Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. 
 ch. vii. 
 
 A very sensible man, and nas seen a deal 
 of life, and kept his eyes open, but a terrible 
 hard-plucked one. Talked like a book to me 
 all the way, but be hanged if I don't think 
 he has a thirty-two pound-shot under his 
 ribs instead of a heart. Kingsley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. iv. 
 
 PLUCK PENNY, a game. 
 
 He that is once so skilled in the art of 
 gaming as to play at Pluck penny, will quickly 
 come to Sweepstake. Theeves, Theeves, or Sir 
 J. Gall's proceedings in Derbyshire (1643), 
 p. 2. 
 
 PLUCKY, courageous. 
 If you're plucky, and not over subject to 
 
 fright, 
 
 And go and look over that chalk-pit white. 
 You may see, if you will, the ghost of old 
 
 Gill ' 
 Grappling the ghost of Smuggler Bill. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Smuggler's Leap). 
 
 PLUMB, thoroughgoing. 
 
 Neither can an opposition, neither cnn a 
 ministry be always wrong. To be a plumb 
 man therefore with either is an infallible 
 mark that the man must mean more and 
 worse than he will own he does mean. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 262. 
 
 PLUMBEOUS, leaden (L. has plum- 
 bean). The speaker is a pedantic 
 schoolmaster. 
 
 Attend and throw your ears to mee . . . till 
 I have endoctrinated your plumbeous cere- 
 brosities. Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 622 
 
 PLUM BLESS, unfathomable 
 
 The moment shot away into the plumbless 
 depths of the past, to mingle with all the 
 lost opportunities that are drowned there. 
 Dickens, Hard Times, ch. xv. 
 
 PLUMERY, plumage. 
 Then in the dewy evening sky, 
 The bird of gorgeous plumery 
 Poised his wings and hover'd nigh. 
 
 Southey, Kehama, x. 20. 
 
 PLUMMY, good ; desirable. 
 
 The poets have made tragedies enough 
 about signing one's self over to wickedness 
 for the sake of getting something plummy. 
 G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xvi. 
 
 PLUMPER, a man who gives all his 
 votes to one candidate in a contested 
 election is said to plump for him. The 
 votes so given are called plumpers. 
 
 Mr. Brooke's success must depend either 
 on plumpers which would leave Bagster in 
 the rear, or on the new minting of Tory 
 votes into reforming votes. G. Eliot, Jfid- 
 dlemarch, ch. li. 
 
 PLUM-PORRIDGE, applied to a man 
 contemptuously. Cf. PUDDING-HEAD. 
 
 I'll be hanged though 
 
 If he dare venture ; hang him, plum-por- 
 ridge ! 
 He wrestle ? he roast eggs. 
 
 Two Nolle Kinsmen, ii. 2. 
 
 PLUNGER, according to the Slang 
 Diet., a cavalry man ; but it also 
 means one who has gone to the bad. 
 
 It's an insult to the wholo Guards, my 
 dear fellow, after refusing two of us, to 
 marry an attorney, and after all to bolt with 
 &plunger. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xvi. 
 
 PLURIPRESENCE, presence in more 
 places than one. 
 
 Toplady. Does not their invocation of 
 saints suppose omnipresence in the saints ? 
 
 Johnson. No, Sir; it supposes only plitri- 
 presence ; and when spirits are divested of 
 matter, it seems probable that they should 
 see with more extent than when in an em- 
 bodied state. Eoswell, Life of Johnson, iii. 
 299. 
 
 The high prerogative of ubiquity orpluri- 
 presence. Oxlee, Confutation of Dialolarchy, 
 p. 2. 
 
 PLUSHY, like plush ; soft and shaggy. 
 
 Sometimes she gave a stitch or two ; but 
 then followed a long gaze out of the win- 
 dow, across the damp gravel and plushy 
 lawn. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. iv. 
 
 PLUTARCHY, rule of wealth. 
 
 We had our monarchy, our hierarchy, and 
 our aristocracy, . . . but we had no plu- 
 tarchy, no millionaires, no great capitalists, 
 to break down the honest and industrious
 
 PLUTOCRAT 
 
 POIGNE 
 
 trader with the weight of their overbearing 
 and overwhelming wealth. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cii. 
 
 PLUTOCRAT, one who rules in virtue 
 of wealth. 
 
 "When they, the tyrants of the earth, who 
 lived delicately with her, rejoicing in her 
 sins, the plutocrats and bureaucrats, the 
 money-changers and devourers of labour, 
 are crying to the rocks to hide them, and to 
 the hills to cover them from the wrath of 
 Him that sitteth on the throne, then labour 
 shall be free at last. C. Kinysley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. xli. 
 
 Po, a sub-devil. 
 
 This is some pettifogging fiend, 
 
 Some under door-keeper's friends' friend, 
 
 That undertakes to understand, 
 
 And juggles at the second hand ; 
 
 And now would pass for Spirit Po, 
 
 Aud all meu's dark concerns foreknow. 
 
 Hudibras, III. i. 1395. 
 There was one Mr. Duke, a busy fanatic in 
 Devonshire in Charles II.'s days, whom old 
 Sir Edward Seymour used to call Spirit Po ; 
 that said Po being a petit diable, a small devil 
 that was presto at every conjurer's nod. 
 ISouthey, The Doctor, ch. cxxxix. 
 
 POAD ? H. has pode = tadpole. 
 Neverthelesse amonge this araye, 
 Was not theare one called Coclaye, 
 A littell pratye foolysshe poade ? 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and, 
 be nott wrothe, p. 43. 
 
 POAT. The Holderness Glossary 
 (E. D. S.) gives Pooat,. to trifle, to 
 dawdle ; perhaps this is the meaning in 
 the subjoined. Sylvester is describing 
 the effeminate Sardanapalus. 
 
 See how he poati, paints, frizzles, fashions 
 him. Bethulia's Rescue, v. 215. 
 
 POCKET-BOROUGH, a borough the re- 
 presentation of which was virtually in 
 the hands of one proprietor. One of 
 the objects of the Reform Bill of 1832 
 was to do away with these. 
 
 ""When I think of Burke, I can't help 
 wishing somebody had a pocket - borough 
 to give you, Ladislaw." ..." Pocket-boroughs 
 would be a fine thing," said Ladislaw, "if 
 they were always in the right pocket, and 
 there were always a Burke at hand." G. 
 Eliot, Mtddlemarch, ch xlvi. 
 
 POCKET-CLOTH, pocket-handkerchief. 
 
 Cannot I wipe mine eyes with the fair 
 pocket-cloth, as if I wept for all your abomin- 
 ations? T. Brown, Works, i. 3. 
 
 POCKET OF WOOL. H. says, " Half a 
 sack of wool is called a pocket : " but 
 see extract. 
 
 Here [at Stourbridge Fair] I saw what 1 
 have not observed in any other County of 
 England, a Pocket of Wool ; which seems to 
 have been at first called so in mockery, this 
 Pocket being so big that it loads a whole 
 waggon, and reaches beyond the most ex- 
 treme parts of it, hanging over both before 
 and behind ; and these ordinarily weigh a 
 Ton or 2500 pound weight of wool in one 
 bag. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, i. 96. 
 
 POCKET-PISTOL, a small flask. 
 
 He . . swigged his pocket-pistol. Naylor, 
 Reynard the Fox, p. 42. 
 
 A glass bottle enclosed in a leather case, 
 commonly called a pocket-pistol. Babbaye, 
 Passages in Life of a Philosopher, p. 218 
 (1864). 
 
 POCK-FRETTEN, marked with small 
 pox. 
 
 He is a thin tallish man, a little pock- 
 fretten, of a sallowish complexion. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 137. 
 
 POCOCURANTE, a careless man; a 
 trifler. This Italian word is now pretty 
 well naturalized in our language. 
 
 Leave we my mother (truest of all the 
 Poco-curantes of her sex) careless about it, 
 as about everything else in the world which 
 concerned her. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iv. 214. 
 
 " I believe you are misinformed, sir," said 
 Jekyl drily, and then resumed, as deftly as 
 he could, his proper character of a poco- 
 curante. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ii. 190. 
 
 POCOCURANTISM, indifference ; apathy. 
 
 Have thy eye-glasses, opera-glasses, thy 
 Long-Acre cabs with white-breeched tiger, 
 thy yawning impassivities, pococurantisms. 
 Carlyle, Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. xvii. 
 
 POCULARY, CUp. 
 
 Some brought forth .... pocularies for 
 drinkers, some manuaries for handlers of 
 relicks, some pedaries for pilgrims. Lati- 
 mer, i. 49. 
 
 PODESTATE, a chief. 
 
 I haue sene of the greatest podestates and 
 grauest judges and presidentes of Parliament 
 in Fraunce. Puttenham,Eng.Poesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 POETICULE, a poetaster. 
 
 The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules 
 who decompose into criticasters. A. C. Swin- 
 burne, Under the Microscope, p. 36. 
 
 POIGNE. H. has poigniet, wristband, 
 so perhaps the reference in the quotation 
 is to false dice being kept up the sleeve. 
 
 The witnesses which the faction kept in 
 poit/ne (like false dice, high and low Fullhams) 
 to be played forth upon plots and to make 
 discoveries as there was occasion, were now 
 chapfallen. North, Examen, p. 108.
 
 POINDER 
 
 ( 502 ) 
 
 POLITICONE 
 
 The engineers . . . determined what was 
 to be communicated, and in what manner, 
 aud what to be kept in poiyne, secret from 
 them. Ibid., p. 393. 
 
 POINDER, a man who pens or pounds 
 straying cattle : pinder or pinner are 
 more common forms. 
 
 The poinder chafes and swears to see beasts 
 in the corn, yet will pull up a stake, or cut a 
 tether, to find supply for his pinfold. Adams, 
 i. 163. 
 
 POINTABLE, capable of being pointed 
 out. 
 
 You know, quoth I, that in Ellas' time, 
 both in Israel and elsewhere, God's church 
 was not pointable ; aud therefore cried he out 
 that he was left alone. Bradford, i. 552. 
 
 POINTS. To come to points = to fight 
 with sworda. 
 
 They would have come to points immedi- 
 ately, had not the gentlemen interposed. 
 Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. iii. 
 
 POISONIE, poisonous. In Sixth day 
 also, 284, Sylvester calls the crocodile 
 "Nile's pay sony pirate." 
 Never pale Enuie's poysonie heads do hiss 
 To gnaw his heart, nor vultur Auarice. 
 
 Sylvester, Third day, first weeke, 1072. 
 
 POKE, scrofula. 
 
 Aubanus Bohemus referres that struma or 
 poke of the Bavarians and Styrians to the 
 nature of their waters. Jiurton's Anatomy, 
 p. 71. 
 
 POKE, a bonnet, the top of which 
 projects over the face. 
 
 Governesses don't wear ornaments ; you 
 had better get me a grey frieze livery aud a 
 straw poke, such as my auut's charity children 
 wear. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxiv. 
 
 POKER. Old Poker = the devil. 
 
 The very leaves on the horse-chesnuts are 
 little snotty-nosed things that cry and are 
 afraid of the north wind, and cling to the 
 bough as if Old Poker was coming to take 
 them away. Walpole, Letters, iv. 359 (1784). 
 
 POKY, poor; shabby. 
 
 The ladies were in their pokiest old head- 
 gear and most dingy gowns when they per- 
 ceived the carriage approaching. Thackeray, 
 The Newcomes, ch. Ivii. 
 
 POLELESS, without a pole. 
 Horses that draw a pole-lesse chariot. 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, x. 156. 
 
 POLEY, without horns : polled. Poly- 
 cow is in Mr. Gower's Surrey Provin- 
 cialisms (E. D. S.). 
 
 If it had been any other beast which 
 knocked me down but that poley heifer, I 
 
 should have been hurt. H. Kinysley, Geoffry 
 Hamlyn, ch. xxix. 
 
 POLIANTHEA, a commonplace book 
 containing many flowers of eloquence, 
 &c. 
 
 The collector of it says, moreover, that if 
 the like occasion come again, he shall less 
 need the help of breviates or historical 
 rhapsodies than your reverence to eke out 
 your sermonings shall need repair to postils 
 or poliantheas. Milton, Remonst. Defence, 
 Postscript. 
 
 His profession is like his allegiance, a mere 
 fucus : yet so well laid on, one at first sight 
 could not but swear it were natural ; his 
 commonplace, polyanthea aud concordance, 
 and the height of his school-divinity, the 
 Assemblies-catechism. Character of a Fana- 
 tick, 1675 (Harl. Misc., vii. 636). 
 
 POLIPRAGMATICK, a busy - body. 
 Heylin (Life of Laud, p. 330) says 
 that Burton in his sermon on Nov. 5 
 called the Bishops " Jesuited poliprag- 
 maticks." 
 
 POLISH, Polish draughts, a form of 
 the game still used on the Continent. 
 The board has 100 squares ; the pieces 
 when crowned can move, like a bishop 
 in chess, from one end of the board to 
 the other. 
 
 Can you play at draughts, polish, or chess ? 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 367. 
 
 POLITICISE, to deal with politics. 
 
 But while I am politicising, I forget to tell 
 you half the purport of my letter. Walpole 
 to Matin, iii. 281 (1758). 
 
 Not to politicise too much, I believe the 
 world will come to be fought for somewhere 
 between the north of Germany and the back 
 of Canada./^., iii. 338 (1759). 
 
 POLITICO, a politician, and so one 
 whose conduct is guided by consider- 
 ations of policy rather than principle. 
 
 He is counted cunning, a meere politico, a 
 time-server, an hypocrite. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 256. 
 
 Our politicos also object that the people 
 were before the king. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, ii. 201. 
 
 POLITICONE, politician. 
 
 He was certainly a true Matchiavellian 
 politicone, and his skill lay in the English 
 State. North, Ejcamen, p. 118. 
 
 The plot was to introduce the Catholic 
 religion by such means as the politiconss of 
 that interest thought most conducing. Ibid., 
 p. 209. 
 
 His friends he enjoyed at home, but formal 
 visitants and ptliticones often found him out 
 at his chambers. Ibid., Life of Lord Gitil- 
 ford, i. 155.
 
 POLITJEN 
 
 ( 503 ) 
 
 POMPING 
 
 POLITIEN. See quotation. 
 
 Politien ... is receiued from the French- 
 men, but at this day vsuall in Court and with 
 all good secretaries ; and cannot finde an 
 English word to match him, for to haue said 
 a mau politique had not bene so wel ; bicause 
 in trueth that had bene no more than to 
 haue said a citiil person. Politien is rather 
 a surueyour of ciuilitie than ciuil, and a 
 publique minister or counsellor in the state. 
 Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 POLLABCHY, rule of the mob. 
 
 A contest . . . between those representing 
 oligarchical principles and the pollarchy. W. 
 H. Russell, My Diary, North and South, ii. 
 340. 
 
 POLLENED, covered with pollen. 
 And we wallow'd in beds of lilies, and chanted 
 
 the triumph of Finn, 
 Till each like a golden image was pollened 
 
 from head to feet. 
 
 Tennyson, Voyage of Maeldune. 
 
 POLLING-PENCE, taxes. 
 
 "VVil Englishmen, or can thei, suffer to be 
 poled and pilled moste miserably in payeng 
 continually suche polingpence and intoller- 
 able tollages for all maner graine aud breade, 
 befe, beare, and mutton ? Bradford, Suppli- 
 cacyon, 1555 (Maitland on Reformation, p. 167). 
 
 Yea, rather then thy bravery should faile, 
 begge poirliny pence for the verye smooke 
 that comes out of poore men's chemnies ? 
 Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier, 1592 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 399). ' 
 
 POLLOCK, a species of cod. 
 
 Oh, the lazy old villain ! he's been round 
 the rocks after pollock this evening, and 
 never taken the trouble to hale the boat up. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. vi. 
 
 POLONY, vulgar abbreviation of 
 Bologna sausage. 
 
 They were addicted to polonies ; they 
 didn't disguise their love for Banbury cakes ; 
 they made bets in ginger-beer, and gave and 
 took the odds in that frothing liquor. 
 Thackeray, :\ r eiccomes, ch. xviii. 
 
 He likewise entertained his guest over the 
 soup and fish with the calculation that he 
 (Bounderby) had eaten in his youth at least 
 three horses under the guise of polonies and 
 saveloys. Dickens, Hard Times, ch. xviii. 
 
 POLT, blow. 
 
 If any one hath spite enough to give me a 
 polt, thinking to falsify my faith by taking 
 away my life, I only desire them first to 
 qualify themselves for my executioners. 
 Asgill, Argument, &c. 1700 (Sotithey's Doctor, 
 ch. clxxii.). 
 
 One of those who stood close by him, be- 
 lieving he was making a mock of them, lifted 
 up a pole he had in his hand, and gave him 
 such a polt with it as brought Sancho Panza 
 
 to the ground. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. 
 Bk. II. ch. x. 
 
 If he know'd I'd got you the knife, he'd go 
 nigh to give me a good polt of the head. 
 Mad, D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. II. ch. ix. 
 
 POLYCEPHALIST, one who has many 
 heads or rulers. 
 
 Both which methods must have left the 
 enlarged and numerous Churches of Christ 
 either Acephalists, confused without any 
 head, or Polycephalists, burdened with many 
 bear's. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 541. 
 
 POLYGAMICALLY, in a polygamous 
 manner or direction. 
 
 To suppose the family groups, of whom 
 the majority of emigrants were composed, 
 polyyamically possessed, would be to suppose 
 an absurdity. Dickens, Uncommercial Travel- 
 ler, xx. 
 
 POLYGAMIZE, to indulge in polygamy. 
 
 Did it not suffize, 
 
 O^lustf ull soule, first to polygamize ? 
 SuflSz'd it not, O Lamech, to distain 
 Thy nuptiall bed ? 
 
 Sylvester, Handy Crafts, 693. 
 
 POLYPHONIAN, many-voiced. 
 I love the air ; her dainty sweets refresh 
 My drooping soul, and to new sweets invite 
 
 me ; 
 Her shrill-mouth'd choir sustain me with 
 
 their flesh, 
 
 And with their polyphonian notes delight me. 
 Quarles, Emblems, v. 6. 
 
 POLYTHEOUS, having to do with many 
 gods. 
 
 Heav'n most abhor'd Polytheous piety. 
 Beaumont, Psyche, xxi. st. 58. 
 
 POLYTHORE. See extract. 
 
 I went to that famous physitian Sir Fr. 
 Prujean, who shew'd me his laboratorie, . . . 
 he plaied to me likewise on the polythore, an 
 instrument having something of the harp, 
 lute, theorbo, &c. It was a sweete instru- 
 ment, by none known in England, or de- 
 scrib'd by any author, nor us'd but by this 
 skilfull and learned doctor. Evelyn, Diary, 
 Aug. 9, 1661. 
 
 POME-ROIE, a species of apple. 
 
 Hauing gathered a handfull of roses, and 
 plucking off an apple called a Pome-roie, hee 
 returned. Breton, Strange Fortunes of Two 
 Princes, p. 19. 
 
 POMOLOGIST, one acquainted with 
 fruits. 
 
 Our pomologists in their lists select the 
 three or the six best pears " for a small 
 orchard." Emerson, Eng. Traits, ch. i. 
 
 POMPIXG, pompous. 
 As for example take their pompynge pryde, 
 aud ye shall prone, their purpose once ob-
 
 POMPOON 
 
 ( 504 ) 
 
 POP 
 
 teiaed, thei will treade your beads in the 
 dust. Bradford, Supplicacyon, 1555 (Mait- 
 land, Reformation, p. 162). 
 
 POMPOON, top-knot [Fr. pompon]. 
 
 Marian drew forth one of those extended 
 pieces of black pointed wire with which, in 
 the days of toupees and pompoons, our fore- 
 mothers were wont to secure their fly-caps 
 and head-gear. Inyoldsby Legends (Leech of 
 Folkestone). 
 
 POND, to pen up as in a pond. 
 
 Another flood-gate . . ponds the whole 
 river, so as to throw the waste water over a 
 strong stone weir into its natural channel. 
 Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Britain, i. 379. 
 
 PONDER, meditation. 
 
 He laughed a little, and soon after took 
 his leave, not without one little flight to 
 give me for a ponder. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 iv. 27. 
 
 PONDERLIN'G, little weight. 
 
 The child was weighed, and yelled as if 
 the scale had been the font. " Courage, 
 dame," cried Gerard ; " this is a good sign ; 
 there is plenty of life here to battle its 
 trouble." " Xow blest be the tongue that 
 tells me so," said the poor woman. She 
 hushed her ponderliny against her bosom, 
 and stood aloof watching, whilst another 
 woman brought her child to scale. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 PONDEROSE, weighty. 
 
 A grand alliance with the Emperor and 
 Spain brought down a ponderose army out of 
 Germany. North, Examen, p. 470. 
 
 PONTIFIC, belonging to a bridge. 
 Milton (Par. Lost, x. 312) has "art 
 pontifical " = bridge - building, which 
 sense, Todd, quoted by L., believes to 
 be " peculiar to Milton, and perhaps 
 was intended as an equivocal satire on 
 Popery." It will be seen that Sterne 
 uses substantially the same word in a 
 similar sense. The speaker has had 
 his hat blown off on the Pont Nf.uf. 
 
 L'ickless man that I am, ... to be driven 
 forth out of my house by domestic winds, 
 and despoiled of my castor by pontific ones. 
 lent. Journey, The Fragment. 
 
 PONT-LEVIS, a drawbridge (French). 
 Tender's a plum-tree with a crevice 
 
 Au owl would build in, were he but sage, 
 For a lap of moss like a fine pont-levis 
 
 In a castle of the middle age, 
 Joins to a lip of gum pure amber. 
 
 Browning, Sibrandus Schafnabvrgensis. 
 
 PONY, twenty-five pounds. 
 Which hint is not taken, any more than 
 the bet of a "pony," which he offers five 
 
 minutes afterwards, that he will jump his 
 Irish mare in and out of Aberalva pound. 
 Kingsley, Tico Years Ago, ch. xviii. 
 
 POOH-POOH, to put aside with con- 
 tempt. In the third extract it is used 
 adjectivally. 
 
 The question ... of its effect upon health 
 has been, as Members of Parliament say, 
 pooh-pooVd. Southey, The Doctor, Fragment 
 on Beards. 
 
 Though he stared somewhat haughtily 
 when he found his observations actually 
 pooh-poohed, he was not above being con- 
 vinced. Lytton, My Novel, Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 There is a Saturnine philosopher standing 
 at the door of his book-shop, who, I fancy, 
 has a pooh-pooh expression as the triumph 
 passes. Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, iv. 
 
 POOP, "to cheat; to deceive; to 
 cozen" (H., who, however, gives no 
 example). 
 
 Hodye. But there ich was powpte indeed. 
 Diccon. Why, Hodge ? 
 
 Hodye. Boots not, man, to tell ; 
 Cham so drest amonst a sort of fooles, chad 
 better be in hell. 
 
 Gammer Gurton's Needle (Hawkins's Eng. 
 Dr., i. 186). 
 
 POOPED, a ship is said to be pooped 
 when a high sea breaks over her poop. 
 
 He was pooped with a sea that almost sent 
 him to the bottom. Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 POOP-NODDY, "the game of love" 
 (Halliwell). 
 
 Crick. I can tell you he loves her well. 
 
 Gripe. Nay, I trow. 
 
 Crick. Yes, I know ; for I am sure I saw 
 them close together at poop-noddy in her 
 closet. Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., 
 iii. 310). 
 
 POOR ROBIN, an almanack. 
 
 I was informed she disceru'd by the beat 
 of the pulse a Feast from a Feria, without 
 the help of poor Robin. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 120. 
 
 POP, to make a noise (with the 
 mouth). 
 
 Still to dilate and to open his breaste with 
 coughing, hawking, neesiug and popping or 
 smacking with the mouthe. Touchstone of 
 Complexions, p. 124. 
 
 POP, ginger-beer. 
 Home-made pop that will not foam. 
 And home-marte dishes that drive one from 
 
 home. Hood, Miss Kilmanseyg. 
 With lobsters and whitebait, and other 
 
 swate-meats, 
 
 And wine, and nagus, and imperial pop. 
 Itignldsby Legends (The Coronation).
 
 POP 
 
 ( 505 ) 
 
 PORKESPICK 
 
 POP. To pop the question, to make 
 a proposal of marriage. 
 
 Plagued with his doubts and your own 
 diffidences ; afraid he would now, and now, 
 and now, pop out the question which he had 
 not the courage to put. Richardson, Gran- 
 dison, vi. 103. 
 
 I suppose you popped the question more 
 than once, when you were a young I beg 
 your pardon a younger man. Sketches by 
 JBoz ( Watkins Tottle). 
 
 He had fixed iii his heart of hearts upon 
 that occasion ... to whisper to Mrs. 
 M'Catchley those soft words which but 
 why not let Mr. Richard Avenel use his own 
 idiomatic and unsophisticated expression. 
 " Please the pigs," then said Mr. Avenel to 
 himself, " I shall pop the question." Lytton, 
 My J'ovel, Bk. V. ch. xvii. 
 
 POPE'S EYE, gland surrounded with 
 fat in the middle of a leg of mutton. 
 
 You should have the hot new milk, and 
 the pope's eye from the mutton, and every 
 foot of you would become a yard in about a 
 fortnight. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. 1. 
 
 POPE'S HEAD, a broom with a very 
 long handle : also called a TURK'S HEAD 
 q. v. 
 
 Bloom. You're no witch indeed if you 
 don't see a cobweb as long as my arm. Run, 
 run, child, for the pope's head. 
 
 House. Pope's head, ma'am ? 
 
 Bloom. Ay, the pope's head, which you'll 
 find under the stairs. Jfiss Edyeicorth, Love 
 and Liw, i. 5. 
 
 You are not going to send the boy to 
 school with this ridiculous head of hair ; 
 why, his school-fellows will use him for a 
 pope's head. Savage, Reuben Medlicott, Bk. i. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 POPGUNNERY, use or discharge of 
 popguns : used figuratively in extract. 
 
 We now demand the light artillery of the 
 intellect . . . On the other hand, the light- 
 ness of the artillery should not degenerate 
 into popgunneri/ by which term we may 
 designate the character of the greater por- 
 tion of the newspaper press their sole 
 legitimate object being the discussion of 
 ephemeral matters in an ephemeral manner. 
 E. A. Poe, Marginalia, xxv. 
 
 POPIFY, to make a Papist. 
 
 The Prince and Buckingham were ever 
 Protestants ; those their opposites you know 
 not what to term them, unless detestauts of 
 the Romish idolatry. As if all were well so 
 they be not Popifted, though they have de- 
 parted from the Church in which they were 
 baptized. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 121. 
 
 POPJOYING, some mode of fishing (?). 
 
 Benjy had carried off our hero to the 
 
 canal in defiance of Charity, and between 
 
 them, after a whole afternoon's popjoying, 
 they had caught three or four small coarse 
 fish and a perch. Hughes, Tom Brown's 
 School Days, Pt. I. ch. ii. 
 
 POPLARS OF YARRUM, cant term for 
 butter-milk. See extract in H., s. v. 
 pannam. 
 
 Here's pannum and lap, and good poplars 
 of Yarrum. Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 POPPER, a gun or mortar. 
 And all round the glad church lie old bottles 
 
 With gunpowder stopped, 
 Which will be, when the Image re-enters, 
 
 Religiously popped. 
 And at night from the crest of Calvano 
 
 Great bonfires will hang, 
 On the plain will the trumpets join chorus, 
 
 And more poppers bang. 
 
 Browning, Englishman in Italy. 
 
 POPPET, to jog or carry : onoma- 
 topoeous perhaps, representing the mo- 
 tion of the chair. 
 
 These lines of Rowe have got into my 
 head ; and I shall repeat them very devoutly 
 all the way the chairmen shall poppet me 
 towards her by and by. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, v. 16. 
 
 POPPLE, tares. 
 
 Thou shewest plainly here thy deceit, 
 which thou hast learned of them that travail 
 to sow popple among wheat. Examination 
 of William Thorpe (Bale's Works, p. 119). 
 
 POPPLE, to bubble. 
 
 His brains came poppling out like water. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 226. 
 
 POPULAR, crowded. 
 
 Who should maintain the nice lady in her 
 carriage whirling through the popular streets? 
 Adams, i. 42. 
 
 POP-WEED, the fresh-water bladder- 
 weed. 
 
 I stuck awhile with my toe-balls on the 
 slippery links of the pop-weed, and the world 
 was green and glidclery, and I durst not look 
 behind me. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. vii. 
 
 PORCUPINE, to cause to stand up, like 
 a porcupine's quills. 
 Thus did the cooks on Billy Ramus stare, 
 Whose frightful presence porcupined each 
 
 hair. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 50. 
 
 PORKESPICK, porcupine. N. notices 
 this corruption of porc-pisce, but gives 
 no example. 
 
 He gaue for his deuice the porkespick with 
 this posie pres et loi ; /n, both farre and neare. 
 Puttenham, Encj. Poes/e, Bk. II. ch. xii.
 
 PORK-PORKING ( 506 ) 
 
 POST 
 
 PORK-PORKING, onomatopceous epithet 
 of the raven's cry ; Cf. MURE PORK. 
 From the mountains nigh, 
 The rav'ns begin with their pork-porkinc/ cry. 
 Sylvester, The tichisme, 285. 
 
 PORTIFOLIUM, the breviary, portass, 
 or portiforium ; portiforium, is so 
 called, because it could be easily 
 carried foras, out of doors. 
 
 I marvel that bishops can not see this in 
 themselves, that they are also no followers 
 of the Scriptures ; but peradventure they 
 never read them, but as they find them by 
 chance in their popish portifolitnns and mask- 
 ing books. Bale, Select Works, p. 175. 
 
 Though they never have beads, Latin 
 primers, portifoliom.es, nor other signs of 
 hypocrisy, yet are they promised to have 
 atonement with God. Ibid., p. 369. 
 
 PORTIFY, to assume greater import- 
 ance than belongs to one. Thackeray 
 coined this word in allusion to the 
 saying, " Claret would be port if it 
 could." 
 
 I grant you that in this scheme of life 
 there does enter ever so little hypocrisy ; 
 that this claret is loaded, as it were ; but 
 your desire to portify yourself is amiable, is 
 pardonable, is perhaps honourable. Thack- 
 eray, Roundabout Papers, xiv. 
 
 PORT-MANTICK, portmanteau. 
 
 He would linger no longer, and play at 
 cards in King Philip's palace, till the messen- 
 ger with the port-mantick came from Koine. 
 Racket, Life of Williams, i. 160. 
 
 PORTMANTUA, portmanteau. 
 
 His portmantua had been carried into a 
 chamber. ... He sent orders to his servant 
 to bring his portmantua. Mrs.' Lennox, Hen- 
 rietta, Bk. V. ch. x. 
 
 PORTUGAL, Portuguese. 
 
 Now have I set these Portugals a-work, 
 
 To hew a way for me unto the crown. 
 
 Peele, Battle of Alcazar, iv. 2. 
 
 The Portugal found a road to the East 
 Indies by the Cape of Good Hope. Howell, 
 Letters, I. i. 35. 
 
 PORTURE, portrait or effigy ; the mar- 
 ginal summary has porterature. H. 
 has porture = carriage, demeanour. 
 
 The porture of a man in brasse or stone 
 should bee bought up with three thousand 
 pieces of coyu, where as a pecke of mele was 
 to bee solde for twoo brasse pens. And yet 
 ther nedeth no such image or porture for anie 
 neressarie vse of mannes life, without meale 
 there is no possibilitie of mainteining the 
 life. UdaPs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 99. 
 
 PORT-WAY, PORT-HIGH-WAY, or HIGH- 
 roiiT-wAY = a paved highway. 
 
 The Port-way, or High paved street named 
 Bath-gate. Holland's Camden, p. 557. 
 
 The hiyh Port-way, or Roman street. Ibid., 
 p. 507. 
 
 I observed moreover . . . another High port- 
 way also, called Ould street. Jbid., p. 540. 
 
 This toune . . . standeth upon the old 
 Port High-way. Ibid., p. 550. 
 
 Pos, positive. See extract, s. v. REP. 
 
 It is perhaps this humour of speaking no 
 more than we needs must, which has so 
 miserably curtailed some of our words, that 
 in familiar writings and conversations they 
 often lose all but their first syllables, as in 
 mob, rep, pos, incog, and the like, and as all 
 ridiculous words make their first entry into 
 a language by familiar phrases, I dare not 
 answer for these that they will not in time 
 be looked upon as a part of our tongue. 
 Spectator, No. cxxxv. 
 
 She shall dress me and flatter me, for I 
 will be flattered, that's pos. Addison, The 
 Drummer, Act III. 
 
 POSE, to assume an attitude, like one 
 who is sitting to an artist. 
 
 He ..." posed " before her as a hero of 
 the most sublime kind. Thackeray, Shabby 
 Genteel Story, ch. vi. 
 
 POSED, firm, the reverse of flighty. 
 
 An old settled person of a most posed, 
 staid, and grave behaviour. Urquhart, Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 Pos I ED, inscribed with a posy or 
 motto. 
 
 Some by a strip of woven hair 
 In posied lockets bribe the fair. 
 
 Gay, To a Youny Lady. 
 
 POSSESSION, idea ; prepossession. 
 
 I have a strong possession, that with this 
 five hundred I shall win five thousand. 
 Gibber, Prov. Husband, Act I. 
 
 POSSESSIONERS, those belonging to 
 religious orders endowed with lands, as 
 distinguished from the mendicants. H. 
 notices this sense, but gives no example. 
 
 They are nether gostly nor divine, 
 But lyke to brut beastes and swyne, 
 "VValtrynge in syufull wretchednes. 
 I speake this of the possessioners, 
 All though the mendicant orders 
 Are nothynge lesse abhomiuable. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and 
 be nott wrothe, p. 62. 
 
 POST, the game of post and pair. 
 See N. s. v., who however gives no 
 example of post by itself. See also 
 quotation s. v. GREEK. 
 
 He cometh in only with jolly brags and 
 great vaunts, as if he were playing at post, 
 and should win all by vying. Jeirel, i. 429.
 
 POST ALONE 
 
 ( S7 ) 
 
 POTHEAD 
 
 POST ALONE, quite alone. 
 And when whole hosts were press'd to stroy 
 
 my foeu, 
 
 She chaug'd her cheer, and left me post alone. 
 Sackville, Stafford Duke of Buckingham, 
 st. 49. 
 
 Her self lef b also she deemed 
 Post aloan, and soaly from woonted com- 
 panye singled. Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 492. 
 
 POSTED, made a post-captain. 
 
 Tell me if when I returned to England in 
 the year eight with a few thousand pounds, 
 and was posted into the Laconia, if I had then 
 written to you, would you have answered my 
 letter? Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. xxiii. 
 
 "Whispers were afloat, which came to the 
 ears of the Admiralty, and prevented him 
 from being posted. Marryat, Peter Simple, 
 ch. Iv. 
 
 POST-FERMENT, the opposite of pre- 
 ferment. Fuller in another passage, 
 and also South, speak of being "pre- 
 ferred downwards." 
 
 This his translation was a Post-ferment, 
 seeing the Arch-bishoprick of Saint Andrews 
 was subjected in that age unto York. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Durham (i. 329). 
 
 POSTSCEIBE, to write after. 
 
 He that took from sin the power to con- 
 demn us, took also from it the power to reign 
 in our mortal bodies. And the second is but 
 a consequent of the first, postscribed with 
 that word of inference. " Now then," &c. 
 Adams, i. 325. 
 
 It was but mannerly in Bellarmine to post- 
 scribe two of his tomes with Laus Deo, Vir- 
 yinique Matri Maria. Ibid., ii. 7. 
 
 POSTVIDE, to shut the door when the 
 steed is stolen ; to be wise after the 
 event. 
 
 " When the daughter is stolen, shut Pep- 
 per-gate ; " . . . when men instead of pre- 
 venting postvide against dangers. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Chester (i. 200). 
 
 POT. To make the pot ivith two ears 
 . to set the arms akimbo. 
 
 Thou sett'st thy tippet wondrous high, 
 And rant'st, there is no coming nigh ; 
 See what a goodly port she bears, 
 Making the pot with the two ears. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 236. 
 
 POT. To keep the pot boiling = to 
 keep things going, to provide for the 
 necessaries of life. So artists call pic- 
 tures which are painted rather for im- 
 mediate sale than for artistic fame, pot- 
 boilers. 
 
 Whatsoever Kitching found it, it was made 
 poor enough before he left it ; so poor that 
 it is hardly able to keep the pot boutny for a 
 
 parson's dinner. Heylin, Reformation, p. 
 
 212. 
 
 No fav'ring patrons have I got, 
 But just enough to boil the pot. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xxiii. 
 
 "Keep the pot bilin', Sir," cried Sam ; and 
 down went Wardle again, and then Mr, 
 Pickwick, and then Sam, and then Mr. 
 Winkle, and then Mr. Bob Sawyer, and 
 then the fat boy, and then Mr. Snodgrass, 
 following closely upon each other's heels. 
 Dickens, Pickwick Papers, ch. xxx. 
 
 POT, to shoot or kill (for the pot). 
 
 The arrow flew, the string twanged, but 
 Martin had been in a hurry to pot her, and 
 lost her by an inch. Reade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. viii. 
 
 " You don't seem to care about shooting 
 guillemots, Lavender." " Well, you see, 
 potting a bird that is sitting on the water " 
 said Lavender, with a shrug. " Oh, it isn't as 
 easy as you might imagine." Black, Prin- 
 cess of Thule, ch. xxiii. 
 
 POTATO-JAW, mouth. The extract is a 
 speech of the Duke of Clarence's to Mrs. 
 Schwellenberg. Potato-trap is more 
 common. 
 
 " Hold you your potato-jaw, my dear," 
 cried the Duke, patting her. Mad. D'Ar- 
 blay, Diary, v. 209. 
 
 POTATOR, drinker. 
 
 Barnabee, the illustrious potator, saw there 
 the most unbecoming sight that he met with 
 in all his travels. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 xliv. 
 
 POT-BOY-DOM, the pot-boy class ; per- 
 sons of that sort of social position : 
 word formed like rascaldom, scoundrel- 
 dom. &c. 
 
 It is a part of his game to ingratiate him- 
 self with all pot-boy-dom, while at heart he is 
 as proud, exclusive an aristocrat as ever wore 
 nobleman's hat. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. xiii. 
 
 POTENTIARY, power : only usual in 
 the compound, plenipotentiary. 
 
 Before Clive made his accustomed visit to 
 his friends at the hotel opposite, the last 
 great potentiary had arrived who was to take 
 part in the family congress. Thackeray, 
 Newcomes, ch. xxx. 
 
 POT-GUTTED, fat; having a large cor- 
 poration. Pot-bellied is the more usual, 
 and perhaps, of the two, the more 
 elegant expression. 
 
 I a vessel of broth ! ycu pot-gutted, rascal 
 no more than yourself ! Graves, Spiritua 
 Quixote, Bk. IV. ch. viii. 
 
 PoTHKAn, a stupid fellow.
 
 POTHEEN 
 
 POUND 
 
 She was too good for a poor pot-head, like 
 me.Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xv. 
 
 POTHEEN, whiskey. See POTSHEEN. 
 His nose it is a coral to the view, 
 "Well nourished with Pierian potheen. 
 
 Hood, Irish Schoolmaster. 
 
 POTION, to drug. 
 
 Lord Roger Mortimer, .... hauing cor- 
 rupted his keepers, or (as some others write) 
 hauing potioned them with a sleepy driiike, 
 escaped out of the Tower of London. 
 Speed, History, Bk. IX. ch. xi. 
 
 POT-LIQUOR, thin broth, or the liquor 
 in which meat has been boiled. 
 
 Mr. Geoffry ordered her to come daily to 
 his mother's kitchen, where, together with 
 her broth or pot-liquor, he contrived to slip 
 something more substantial into Dorothy's 
 pipkin. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. I. 
 ch. ix. 
 
 In the distribution of these comestibles, as 
 in every other household duty, Mrs. Bagnet 
 develops an exact system : sitting with every 
 dish before her; allotting to every portion 
 of pork its own portion of pot-liquor, greens, 
 potatoes, and even mustard. Dickens, Bleak 
 House, ch. xxvii. 
 
 POT - LUCK. To take pot-luck = to 
 accept an impromptu invitation to din- 
 ner, where no special preparation for a 
 guest has been made. 
 
 The gentleman said, as Wildgoose, he sup- 
 posed, had not dined, he should be very 
 welcome to take pot-luck with him ; that his 
 house was but at the end of the avenue of 
 firs, and he was just going to dinner. 
 Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. IX. ch. xii. 
 
 He never contradicted Mrs. Hackit, a 
 woman whose pot-luck was always to be re- 
 lied on. G. Eliot, Amos Barton, ch. i. 
 
 POTMAN, servant at a public-house 
 who attends to the pots, cleaning them, 
 carrying them out, calling for them, 
 &c. Potboy is more common. 
 
 The potman thrust the last brawling 
 drunkards into the street. Dickens, Uncom- 
 mercial Traveller, xiii. 
 
 POTSHEEN. See extract. The word 
 is usually spelt potheen, q. v. 
 
 " A glass of what, in the name of heaven ? " 
 said Lord Colambre. " Potsheen, plase your 
 honour ; beca-ase it's the little whiskey that's 
 made in the private still or pot ; and sheen 
 because its a fond word for whatsoever we'd 
 like, and for what we have little of, and 
 would make much of." Miss Edgeworth, Ab- 
 sentee, ch. x. 
 
 POTTER. "In the dialect of the 
 North, a hawker of earthenware is thus 
 designated " ( Wordsworth, note in loc.}. 
 
 A Potter, sir, he was by trade. Peter Bell 
 Ft. I. 
 
 POTTLE, a childish game. 
 
 I have as little inclination to write verses 
 as to play at pottle or whip-top. Southey, 
 Letters, 1822 (iii. 334). 
 
 POT-WALLONER. See extract; mis- 
 print for pot-walloper (?). 
 
 The election of members here [Taunton] 
 is by those whom they call pot-icalloners, that 
 is to say, every inhabitant, whether house- 
 keeper or lodger, who dresses his own victuals ; 
 to make out which, several inmates or lodgers 
 will, some little time before the election, 
 bring out their pots, and make fires in the 
 street, and boil victuals in the sight of their 
 neighbours, that their votes may not be called 
 in question. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Jiritain, 
 ii. 18. 
 
 POT-WALLOPING, the "pot-boiling, or, 
 in the extract, the sound caused by it. 
 
 The trumpet that once announced from 
 afar the laurelled mail . . . has now given 
 way for ever to the pot-wallopings of the 
 boiler. De Quincey, Eiiy. Mail Coach. 
 
 POUCH, to purse up. 
 
 He pouched his mouth, and reared himself 
 up, and swelled. Richardson, Grandison, v. 
 58. 
 
 POUCH-MOUTH, open-mouthed (?), or 
 with pursed-up mouth (?). Ambidexter, 
 the vice or buffoon in Preston's King 
 Cambises, uses "Goodman pouch - 
 mouth " as a term of reproach or 
 insult (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., i. 263, 305). 
 
 Players, I mean, theaterians, pouch-mouth 
 stage- walkers. Dekker, Satiromastix (Hate- 
 kins, Eng. Dr., iii. 172). 
 
 POULTER'S MEASURE, poulterer's mea- 
 sure. See quotation. 
 
 The commonest sort of verse which we vse 
 nowadayes (viz., the long verse of twelue 
 and fourtene sillables) I know not certainly 
 howe to name it, vnlesse I should say that it 
 doth consist ofpoulter's measure, which giueth 
 xii for one dozen and xiii j j for another. 
 Gancoiyne, Instruction concerning the making 
 of verse, p. 39. 
 
 The first or the first couple hauing twelue 
 sillables, the other fourteene, which versi- 
 fyers call powlters measure, because so they 
 tallie their wares by dozens. Webbe, Dis- 
 course of Eng. Poetrie, p. 62. 
 
 POUNCE, usually applied only to the 
 talons of a bird of prey. 
 
 A lion may be judg'd by these two claws 
 of his pounce. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 71. 
 
 POUND, to wager, and so to be certain. 
 
 ' Dou't be out of temper, my dear," urged
 
 POUND 
 
 ( 509 ) FR&SC1ENTIAL 
 
 Fagin, submissively ; ~" I have never forgot 
 you, Bill, never ouce." " No ! I'll pound it 
 that you han't," replied Sikes, with a bitter 
 grin. Dicfans, Oliver Twist, ch. xxxix. 
 
 POUND, to bruise or beat : this sense 
 is given in the Diets. ; hence it = to 
 plod heavily. 
 
 A fat farmer, sedulously pounding through 
 the mud, was overtaken and bespattered in 
 spite of all his struggles. C. Kingsley, Yeast, 
 ch. i. 
 
 POUR, a heavy rain : the compound 
 down-pour is more common. 
 
 He mounted his horse, aud rode home ten 
 miles in a. pour of rain. Miss Ferrier, Destiny, 
 ch. xx. 
 
 POVERISH, to impoverish. 
 
 No violent showr 
 
 Poverisht the land, which frankly did produce 
 All fruitf ull vapours for delight and use. 
 
 Sylvester, Eden, 156. 
 
 POWDER-MONKEY, a ship's boy: pro- 
 perly one who carried powder from the 
 magazine to the gun. 
 
 Lucifer himself, I'm sure, should he wage 
 new war with heaven, would not have given 
 threepence a piece to have listed them into 
 his service ; they would not have been fit for 
 so much as powder-monkeys, to have handed 
 fire and brimstone after the army. T. Broicn, 
 Works, ii. 212. 
 
 Ellangowan had him placed as cabin-boy, 
 or powder-monkey, on board an armed sloop 
 or yacht belonging to the revenue. Scott, 
 Guy Manneriny, ii. 305. 
 
 POWER, a quantity : the word is often 
 used in old writers of a number of men, 
 a military force. 
 
 I am providing a power of pretty things 
 for her against I see her next. Richardson, 
 Pamela, ii. 389. 
 
 POW-SOWDT. H. gives "powsoddy, 
 a Yorkshire pudding," but see extract, 
 where the locality spoken of is West- 
 moreland. 
 
 The principal charm of the " gathering " . . 
 was not assuredly diminished to the men by 
 the anticipation of excellent ale, . . . and 
 possibly of still more excellent pow-sowdy (a 
 combination of ale, spirits, and spices). De 
 Quincey, Autob. Sketches, ii. 109. 
 
 PRACTICALITY, active work. 
 
 The fair Susan, stirring up her indolent 
 enthusiasm into practicality, was very suc- 
 cessful in finding Spanish lessons, and the 
 like, for these distressed men. Carlyle, Life 
 of Sterling, ch. x. 
 
 PRACTISE, to carry out : the usage of 
 the word in the quotation is peculiar. 
 I copied an inscription set up at the end of 
 
 a great road, which was practised through an 
 immense solid rock by bursting it asunder 
 with gunpowder. Walpole, Letters, i. 36 
 (J739). 
 
 PR^E-ADAMITICAL, existing before 
 Adam. 
 
 Upon what memorials do you ground the 
 story of your prte-adamitical transactions? 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 414. ' 
 
 PR^LIATION, battle ; contention. 
 
 We have stirred the humors of the foolish 
 inhabitants of the earth to insurrections, to 
 warr am&praliation. Hoicell, Parly ofJSeasts, 
 p. 33. 
 
 PR^EMETIAL, pertaining to the first- 
 fruits ; first-gathered. 
 
 If we should not, therefore, freely offer to 
 your Majesty some prametial handfuls of 
 that crop, whereof you may challenge the 
 whole harvest, how could we be but shame- 
 lessly unthankful ?Bp. Hall, Dedic. to K. 
 James. 
 
 PR.EBIUNIRE, used as a verb=to bring 
 within the penalties of a prsemunire. 
 For you must know that Horn desir'd 
 To have good Bouner pramunired. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, c. 2, p. 166. 
 
 PR^MUNIRE, scrape ; confusion. The 
 expression is derived from the legal 
 penalties attending a prcemunire. Cf. 
 
 SlSERARA. 
 
 If the law finds you with two wives at once, 
 
 There's a shrewd premunire. 
 
 Massinger, Old Laic, Act V. 
 
 He getting me drunk one night, I was 
 married to her, and was ready to cut my 
 own throat the next day ; but I, seeing what 
 a priminary I had by my ludness brought 
 myself in, I saw that it could not be avoided. 
 Letter of Robert Young, 1680 (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 334). 
 
 I'm in such a fright .' the strangest quan- 
 dary and premunire! I'm .all over in a uni- 
 versal' agitation. Congreve, Double Dealer, 
 Act IV. 
 
 So my lady has brought herself into a fine 
 premunire. Centlivre, The Gamester, Act TV 
 
 PRENATAL, previous to birth. 
 
 The Doctor thought there was no creature 
 to which you could trace back so many per- 
 sons in civilized society by the indications 
 which they afforded of habits acquired in 
 their pranatal professional education. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxxix. 
 
 PR. SCIENTIAL, f ore-knowing; pre- 
 saging. 
 
 Love's of so quick a sight, that he 
 
 Aforehand with his object is, 
 And into dark Futurity 
 
 With prcesciential rays doth press. 
 
 Beaumont, Love'i Eye.
 
 PRATER 
 
 ( 510 ) PREBENDARY 
 
 PRATER, past. See extract from 
 Nashe s. v. PARALOGIZE. 
 
 To come, when Micah wrote this, and in 
 the future ; bnt come, when St. Matthew 
 cited it, and in the pratei " When Jesus was 
 born at Bethlehem." But future arid prater 
 both are in time, so this His birth in time. 
 Andrewes, i. 162. 
 
 PRAGE, same as prog or prod (?). 
 Theyre blades they brandisht, and keene 
 
 prayes goared in entrayls 
 Of stags seun migty. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^n., i. 196. 
 
 PRAGMATIC, a busy-body. 
 
 Sach praymaticks . . . labour impertinently. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 502. 
 
 PRAGMATICAL, busy (in a good sense). 
 The word is not generally used so, nor 
 do the Diets, furnish any example. 
 
 I received instructions how to behave in 
 towne with directions to masters and bookes 
 to take in search of the antiquities, churches, 
 collections, &c. Accordingly the next day, 
 Nov. 6tb, I began to be very pragmatical. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 5, 1644. 
 
 PRAGMATISM, busy impertinence. 
 
 Mrs. Dollop, the spirited landlady of the 
 Tankard, in Slaughter Lane, . . had often to 
 resist the shallow pragmatism of customers 
 disposed to think that their reports from the 
 outer world were of equal force with what 
 had " come up " in her mind. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. Ixxi. 
 
 PRAGMATIZER, busy-body. 
 
 The pragmatizer is a stupid creature ; no- 
 thing is too beautiful or too sacred to be 
 made dull and vulgar by his touch. E. Tylor, 
 Primitive Culture, i. 407. 
 
 PRAISE- WORTH, praiseworthy. 
 Whose praise-worth vertures, if in verse I 
 
 now should take in hand 
 For to comprize . . . 
 
 Holland's Camden, p. 290. 
 
 PRAM. See extract. 
 
 Around us lay the foreign steamers, mostly 
 English, each with its crowd of boats and 
 prams. These prams are huge barges roofed 
 over, and resemble for all the world game- 
 pies or old-fashioned monitors. Roe, Land 
 of the North Wind, p. 158 (1875). 
 
 PRANCOME, something odd or strange. 
 Gog's hart, I durst have laid my cap to a 
 
 crown, 
 
 Ch' would learn of someprancome as soon as 
 ich cham to town. 
 
 Gammer Gurton's Needle (Hawkins, 
 Eny. Dr., i. 173). 
 
 PRAT, cant term for a buttock. 
 See H. 
 
 First set me down here on both my prats. 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 PRATEFUL, chattering ; loquacious. 
 
 The French character seems to me much 
 altered ; . . the people are more circumspect, 
 less prateful. Taylor of Norwich, 1802 
 (Memoir, i. 208). 
 
 PRATTIQUE, practice ; habits. 
 
 How could any one of English education 
 and prattique swallow such a low rabble sug- 
 gestion ? Much more monstrous is it to 
 imagine readers so irnposable upon to credit 
 it upon any one's bare relation. North, 
 Examen, p. 306. 
 
 PRATTLE-BASKET, a talkative woman. 
 H. explains it a talkative child, but 
 Breton is speaking of a man's wife. 
 Cf. BAWDY-BASKET. 
 
 But if she be ilfauor'd, blind and old, 
 A. prattle-basket, or an idle slut. 
 
 Breton, Mother's Blessing, st. 74. 
 
 PRATYE, talkative. 
 Neverthelesse amonge this araye, 
 Was there not one called Coclaye, 
 A littell pratye foolysshe poade ? 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and 
 be nott icrothe, p. 43. 
 
 PRAYANT, one who prays. See ex- 
 tract more at length s. v. EucHiTE. 
 
 Fanatick Errour and Levity would seem 
 an Euchite as well as an Eristick, Prai/ant 
 as well as predicant. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 93. 
 
 PRAYER-MONGER, a contemptuous 
 name for one who prays. 
 
 I have led 
 Some camel-kneed prayer-monger through 
 
 the cave. Southey, Thalaba, Bk. V. 
 
 PRAY - PRAY - FASHION, imploringly ; 
 clasped as in prayer. 
 
 " Pray, sir, forgive me ; " and she held up 
 her hands pray-pray- fashion, thus. Richard- 
 ton, Grandison, ii. 183. 
 
 PREALLABLY, previously (Fr. preal- 
 lablement). 
 
 No swan dieth until preallably he have 
 sung. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xxi. 
 
 PREARM, to forearm. 
 These be good thoughts to prearm our 
 souls. Adams, iii. 25. 
 
 PRE-AVER, to affirm beforehand ; to 
 prophesy. 
 
 Another, past all hope, doth pre-auerr 
 The birth of John, Christ's holy Harbenger. 
 Sylvester, First day, first weeke, 778. 
 
 PREBENDARY, a prebend ; usually, 
 the holder of that preferment.
 
 PRECAUTIONARY ( 511 ) 
 
 PREDECLARE 
 
 A prebendary was offered me, as they call 
 it : it was a good fat benefice, and I accepted 
 it. JBailey's Erasmus, p. 184. 
 
 PRECAUTIONARY, precaution : usually 
 an adjective. 
 
 Thou seest, Belford, by the above pre- 
 cautionaries, that I forget nothing. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 49. 
 
 PRECAUTIODS, provident ; careful. 
 
 It was not the mode of the Court in those 
 days to be very penetrant, precautions, or 
 watchful. North, Examen, p. 93. 
 
 PRECESSION, a going before or pre- 
 cedence. L. quotes a passage from 
 Barrow on the Popes Supremacy, 
 where it means precedence, but it is 
 seldom used except in the phrase pre- 
 cession of the equinoxes. Breton, how- 
 ever, has a poem called Pasquil's Pre- 
 cession, which is a sort of satirical 
 Litany. I suppose, therefore, he em- 
 ploys the term in the sense of prayer, 
 as though it came from preces. 
 
 PRECESSOR, predecessor. Bp. Hall, 
 who had been Curate of Waltham, in 
 a letter to Fuller, who then held that 
 office (Aug. 30, 1651), signs himself, 
 " Your much devoted friend, precessor, 
 and fellow-labourer, Jos. Hall, B. N." 
 (Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. v. 7). In the 
 extract, if the punctuation be right, it 
 is used adjectivally. 
 
 Fordham was herein more court-like and 
 civil to this Eudo, than Thomas Arundel, his 
 Precessour Bishop of Ely. Fuller, Hist, of 
 Camb., iii. 62. 
 
 PRECIPATIOX, precipitation : perhaps 
 a misprint. 
 
 The Dorien . . his falls, sallyes, and corn- 
 passe be diuers from those of the Phrigien, 
 the Phrigien likewise from the Lydien, and 
 all three from the Eolien, Miolidieu, and 
 lonien, mounting and falling from note to 
 note such as be to them peculiar, and with 
 more or lesse leasure or precipation. Putten- 
 ham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. II. ch. xi. 
 
 PRECIPICE, a headlong fall. 
 
 I am more amazed, 
 
 Nay thunderstruck, with thy apostacy 
 And precipice from the most solemn vows 
 Made unto heaven. 
 
 Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 5. 
 
 Cam. Tell me, when you saw this 
 
 Did not you grieve, as I do now to hear it? 
 
 A dor. His precipice from goodness raising 
 
 mine, 
 
 And serving as a foil to set my faith off, 
 I had little reason. Ibid., v. 1. 
 
 His fall is with a precipice, from a sublime 
 pinnacle of honour to a deep puddle of 
 penury. Adams, iii. 293. 
 
 PRECISIONIZE, to lay down precise 
 rules or statements. 
 
 What a pity the same man does not . . . 
 precisionize other questions of political 
 morals [Sir G. C. Lewis, Letters (1847), p. 
 143. 
 
 PRECLUSION, shutting out by antici- 
 pation. 
 
 Here be twins conceived together, born to- 
 gether ; yet of as different natures and quali- 
 ties as if a vast local distance had sundered 
 their births, or as if the originary blood of 
 enemies had run in their several veins. It 
 is St. Augustine 's preclusion of all star-pre- 
 dictions out of this place. Adams, i. 9. 
 
 PRECURSIVE, fore-running ; prepara- 
 tory. 
 
 But soon a deep precursive sound moaned 
 hollow. Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 PREDATORIOUS, predatory ; fond of 
 plunder. 
 
 These are the holy sparks, these the bless- 
 ed flames of uncharitable and unquenchable 
 zeale, . . burning in some men's reforming 
 breasts so long, till they become predatorious 
 and adulterous, consumptionary and culinary, 
 false and base fires. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 321. 
 
 PREDE, plunder. See also extract 
 s. v. RINET. R. cites Holinshed for 
 the word, and says that it was pe- 
 culiar to him. Stanyhurst was one of 
 Holinshed's assistants in compiling his 
 Chronicle, and perhaps the passage 
 cited by R. is due to him. 
 For we hither sayld not thee Moors with an 
 
 armye to vanquish, 
 Or from their region with prede too gather 
 
 an heard flock. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 514. 
 
 PREDECESS, to precede ; to occupy 
 before another. The verb is coined 
 by Walpole from the substantive pre- 
 decessor. 
 
 Lord John Sackville predecessed me here. 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 164 (1747). 
 
 PREDECESSIVE, preceding. 
 Our noble and wise prince has hit the law 
 That all our predecessive students 
 Have miss'd, unto their shame. 
 
 Massinger, Old Law, i. 1. 
 
 PREDECLARE, to foretell. 
 Though I write fifty odd, I do not carry 
 An almanack in my bones to predeclare 
 "What weather we shall have. 
 
 Massinger, Guardian, i. 1.
 
 PREDESERT 
 
 PR EL A TEL Y 
 
 Like a rough surgeon, 
 "Without a feeling in yourself you search 
 My wounds unto the quick, theu predeclare 
 Tiie tediousness aud danger of the cure. 
 
 Ibid., A Very Woman, ii. 2. 
 
 PREDESEBT, previous merit. 
 
 Some good offices we do to friends, others 
 to strangers, but those are the noblest that 
 we do without predesert. L'Estranye's Se- 
 neca's Morals, ch. ii. 
 
 PREDESTINARY, predestinarian. 
 
 The Zwiuglian Gospellers . . . began to 
 scatter their predestinary doctrines in the 
 Reign of King Edward. Heylin's Hist, of 
 the Presbyterians, p. 21. 
 
 PREDEVOUR, to devour in anticipation. 
 
 Sir Thomas Cooke . . was cast before- 
 hand at the Court (where the Lord Rivers 
 and the rest of the Queen's kindred had pre- 
 devoured his estate), and was ouely for for- 
 malitie's sake to be condemned. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Notts (ii. 207). 
 
 PREDICTIONAL, prophetic ; predictive. 
 
 The contests betwixt Scholars and Scholars 
 . . were observed predictional, as if their 
 animosities were the Index of the Volume 
 of the Land. Fuller, Worthies, Oxford (ii. 
 221). 
 
 PREDIE (?) : misprint for prettye (?), 
 or bready (?). 
 
 Divers light and lewd persons be not 
 ashamed or aferde to say, Why should I see 
 the sacring of the high Masse ? Is it any- 
 thing else but a piece of bread, or a little 
 predie round Robin ? Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. 
 iv. 28. 
 
 PREDISCOVER, to foresee. 
 
 These holy men did prudently prediscover 
 that differences in judgements would un- 
 avoidably happen in the Charch. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., IX. i. 52, 
 
 PREDOMINATE, predominant; ruling. 
 He gave way to his predominate bias. 
 Richardson, Grandison, ii. 141. 
 
 PREDONE, exhausted. Fordone is 
 used in this sense in old authors: e.g. 
 "All with merry task fordone " (Mids. 
 Night's Dream, V. ii.). 
 
 I am as one desperate and predone with 
 various kinds of work at once. C. Kingsley, 
 1859 (Life, ii. 99). 
 
 PREDOOM, to fore-ordain. 
 
 She went forth alone, 
 
 To the predoomed adventure. 
 
 Coleridye, Destiny of Nations. 
 Some read the king's fase, some the queen's, 
 and all 
 
 Had marvel what the maid might be, but 
 
 most 
 Predoom'd her as unworthy. 
 
 Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
 
 PREFERABLE is frequently used by 
 Richardson in the sense of "prefer- 
 ring." 
 
 I have a. preferable regard for Mr. Love- 
 lace. Cl. Harlowe, i. 203. 
 
 Lad}' L., don't think to rob me of my 
 Harriet's preferable love, as you have of Sir 
 Charles's: I will be best sister here. Sir C. 
 Grandison, ii. 15. 
 
 If we could be so happy as to have Miss 
 Byron for our guest, I am sure of my sister, 
 and it would be my preferable wish. Ibid., 
 ii. 106. 
 
 Lady D. . . . knowing too my preferable 
 regard for your brother. Ibid., vi. 204. 
 
 PREFIDENCE, excessive confidence. 
 
 Out of Christ's conquest he [the devil] 
 makes a new assault ; that is, siuce He will 
 needs trust, he will set Him on trusting, He 
 shall trust as much as He will. As the for- 
 mer tempted Him to diffidence, so this shall 
 tempt Him to prefidence. A ndrewes, Sermons, 
 v. 513. 
 
 PREFRACT, obstinate. Bp. Gardiner 
 said to Bradford at his examination, 
 Jan. 29, 1555 
 
 Thou wast so prefrnct and stout in reli- 
 gion. Bradford, i. 474. 
 
 PREGAGE, to pledge beforehand. 
 
 The members of the Councell of Trent, 
 both Bishops and Abbots, were by oath pre- 
 yayed to the Pope to defend and maintain 
 his authority against all the world. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., IX. i. 42. 
 
 PREGNANCY, a promising youth. 
 Fuller has the sime expression in his 
 Worthies (Barkshire Statesmen). 
 
 This was the fashion in his reigo, to select 
 yearly oue or moe of the most promising 
 pregnancies out of both universities, and to 
 oreed them beyond the seas on the king's 
 exhibitions unto them. Fuller, Ch. Hint., 
 VI. p. 340. 
 
 PREJUDICE TO, to prejudice against. 
 
 The perverseness and contradiction I have 
 too often seen in some of my visits, even 
 among people of sense, as well as condition, 
 had prejudiced me to the married state. 
 Richardson, Pamela, ii. 317. 
 
 PRELATEITY, the notion of prelacy. 
 
 Neither shall I stand to trifle with one 
 that would tell me of quiddities and for- 
 malities, whether prelaty or prelattity in 
 abstract notion be this or that. Milton, Ch. 
 Gov. against Prelaty, Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 PRELATELY, prelatical
 
 PRELATIAL 
 
 ( 513 ) PRESTIDIGITAL 
 
 Their copes, perrours, and chasubles, when 
 they be iu their prelately pompous sacrifices. 
 Hale, Select Works, p. 526. 
 
 PRELATIAL, episcopal. 
 
 Servants came in bearing a large and 
 magnificent portfolio ; it was of morocco and 
 of prelatial purple. Disraeli, Lothair, ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 PRELATISH, episcopal. 
 
 In any congregation of this island that 
 hath not been altogether furnished or wholly 
 perverted with prelatish leaven, there will 
 not want divers plain and solid men. 
 Milton, Apol. for Smectymnuus. 
 
 PREMEDITATEDNESS, deliberate cha- 
 racter, opposed to extempore effusions : 
 Gauden is speaking of the Prayer-Book. 
 
 Its order, premeditatedness, and constancy 
 of devotion was never forbidden or disal- 
 lowed by God. Tears of the Church, p. 89. 
 
 PREMIO, premium. 
 
 It is just as if the ensurers brought in a 
 catalogue of ensured ships lost, taking no 
 notice of ships arrived and premios. North, 
 Examen, p. 490. 
 
 In all which offices the premio is so small, 
 and the recovery, in case of loss, so easy and 
 certain, that nothing can be shewn like it in 
 the world. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 
 
 PREPARE, to go ; repair. 
 
 With these Instructions he prepares to the 
 Court of Scotland, makes himself known 
 unto the king, . . . Heylin's Hist, of the 
 Presbyterians, p. 220. 
 
 PREPRACTISE, to do previously. 
 
 They suspected lest those who formerly 
 had outrunne the canons with their addi- 
 tional conformitie (ceremonizing more than 
 was enjoyned) now would make the canons 
 come up to them, making it necessary for 
 others what voluntarily they had preprac- 
 tised themselves. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. iii. 
 14. 
 
 PREPROVIDE, to provide in advance. 
 
 Before livings were actually void, he pro- 
 visionally pre-provided incumbents for them. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. ix. 25. 
 
 PRESAGIOUS, predictive ; ominous. 
 _ Some supernatural cause sent me strange 
 visions, which being confirmed with pre- 
 sayiou* chances, I had gone to Delphos, and 
 there received this answer. Sidney, Arcadia, 
 p. 204. 
 
 PRESBYTERISM, Presbyterianism. See 
 extract from Gauden s. v. INDEPEND- 
 ENTISM. 
 
 It looks not all like Popery that Presby- 
 tertsm was disdained by the king ; his father 
 
 had taught him that it was a sect so per- 
 fidious, that he found more faith among the 
 Highlanders. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 
 197. 
 
 PRE-SCENE, induction or prologue. 
 O holy knot in Eden instituted, 
 Not in this earth, with blood and wrongs 
 
 polluted, 
 
 Profan'd with mischiefs, the pre-sccene of hell 
 To cursed creatures that 'gainst Heaven 
 
 rebell. 
 
 Sylvester, Sixth day, first iceeke, 1072 
 
 PRESCRIBE, to prefix in writing : not 
 often used literally. The subjoined is 
 from Chapman's Dedication of Byroris 
 Conspiracie and Tragedie to Walsing- 
 harn, 1608. 
 
 Hauing heard your approbation of these 
 in their presentment, I could not but pre- 
 scribe them with your name. 
 
 PRESIDENTESS, female president. 
 
 I became by that means the presidentess of 
 the dinner and tea-table. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, iii. 171. 
 
 PRESIDIARY, a guard : the Diets, have 
 the word as an adjective. 
 
 Not one of those heavenly presidiaries 
 struck a stroke for the prophet. Up. Hall, 
 Cont. (Elisha and the Assyrians). 
 
 PRESS, to commit to the press ; to 
 print. The subjoined is quoted by 
 Heylin from a dedication by Laud 
 (1637) to the king of an appendix to a 
 book by Dr. White. 
 
 The discourse upon this conference . . 
 staid long before it could endure to be 
 pressed. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 121. 
 
 PRESSMAN, a man engaged in press- 
 ing grape-juice. 
 
 One only path to all, by which the press- 
 men came 
 In time of vintage. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, iviii. 515. 
 
 PRESS-MASTER, leader of a press- 
 gang. 
 
 Are not our sailors paid and encouraged 
 to that degree, that there is hardly any need 
 of 2)ress-masters ? T. Brown, Works, iv. 123. 
 [Pallas] "Whispered into the Major's ear 
 To act a "Wapping Press-master. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, c. 2. 
 
 PRESTIDIGITAL, having fingers fit for 
 juggling. 
 
 Meadows was ambidexter. The two hands 
 he gathered coin with were Meadows and 
 Crawley. The first his honest, hard-working 
 hand ; the second his three-fingered Jack, 
 his prestidiyital hand. Reade, Never too late 
 to mend, ch. vi. 
 
 L L
 
 PRE-STUD Y 
 
 PRIDE 
 
 PRE-STUDY, to study beforehand. 
 
 He . . never broached what he had not 
 brewed, but preached what he had pre-studied 
 some competent time before. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Cambridge (i. 165). 
 
 PBETERCANINE, beyond the capacity 
 or nature of a dog. 
 
 A great dog . . . passed me, however, 
 quietly enough, not staying to look up with 
 strange pretercanine eyes in my face, as I 
 half expected it would. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xii. 
 
 PRETERNATURALISH, unnatural state. 
 
 Camille's head, one of the clearest in 
 France, has got itself . . saturated through 
 every fibre with preternaturalism of sus- 
 picion. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 PRETERNUPTIAL. " A pretemuptial 
 person " is a delicate expression for an 
 adulterer. 
 
 Nay, poor woman, she by and by, we find, 
 takes up with pretemuptial persons. Car- 
 lyle, Misc., iv. 97. 
 
 PRETEXTURE, pretext. 
 
 Now we have studied both textures of 
 words and pretextures of manners, to shroud 
 dishonesty. Adams, ii. 416. 
 
 PRETORTDRE, to torture beforehand. 
 
 Eemarkable was their cruelty in pretor- 
 turiny of many whom afterwards they put 
 to death. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VIII. ii. 27. 
 
 PREVENANCY, attention ; readiness. 
 
 La Fleur's prevenancy (for there was a 
 passport in his very looks) soon set every 
 servant in the kitchen at ease with him. 
 Sterne, Sent. Journey, The Letter. 
 
 PREVISE, to prewarn, or inform before- 
 hand. 
 
 Mr. Pelham, it will be remembered, has 
 prevised the reader that Lord Vincent was 
 somewhat addicted to paradox. Lytton, 
 Pelham, ch. xv. (note). 
 
 PREY, to ravage (with direct ob- 
 jective). 
 
 The said Justice preied the countrey Tir- 
 connell. Holland's Camden, ii. 156. 
 
 f PRIAMIST, a son of Priam. 
 Then snatch'd he up two Priamists that in 
 one chariot stood. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, v. 166. 
 
 PRICK, to adorn, or embroider. See H. 
 
 I would [women] would (as they have 
 much prickiny), when they put on their cap, 
 I would they would have this meditation : 
 " I am now putting on my power upon my 
 head." If they had this thought in their 
 minds, they would not make so much prick- 
 
 ing up of themselves as they do now a days. 
 Latimer, i. 253. 
 
 It is not idle going about, 
 Nor all day prickiny on a clout, 
 Can make a man to thriue. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 155. 
 
 PRICKANT, spurring, and so, travel- 
 ling. In the second extract it = sharp, 
 or perhaps jutting out. 
 "What knight is that, squire ? ask him if he 
 
 keep 
 
 The passage, bound by love of lady fair, 
 Or else but prickant. 
 
 JBeaum. and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5. 
 
 "Without his door doth hang 
 A copper basin on a prickant spear. 
 
 Ibid., iii. 2. 
 
 PRICKER, light horseman. 
 
 There were assembled in their camp . . . 
 two thousand horsemen, "prickers," as they 
 [the Scotch] call them . . . Four or five of 
 this Captain's prickers with their gads ready 
 charged did right hastily direct their course. 
 W. Patten, Exped. to Scotland, 1548 (Eny. 
 Garner, III. 63, 88). 
 
 This sort of spur was worn by a body of 
 light horsemen, in the reign of Henry VIII., 
 thence called prickers. Archceol., VIII. 113 
 (1787). 
 
 PRICK - ME - DAINTY, a fine, affected 
 person. 
 
 Tib. Then shall ye see Tibet, sirs, treade 
 
 the mosse so trimnie, 
 Nay, why sayd I treade ? Ye shall see hir 
 
 glide and swimme, 
 Not lumperdee clumperdee like our Span- 
 
 iell Rig, 
 
 Trupen. Mary then, prick-me-daintie, come 
 toste me a fig. 
 
 Udal, Roister Doister, II. 3. 
 Bailie Pirlet, who was naturally a gabby 
 prick-me-dainty body,enlarged at great length 
 with all his well dockit words, as if they were 
 on chandlers pins. Gait, The Provost, ch. 
 xxxi. 
 
 PRICKSHOT, a bowshot, space between 
 the archer and the mark. 
 
 The tents, as I noted them, were divided 
 into four several orders and rewes lying east 
 and west, and a prickshot asunder. Patten, 
 Exped. to Scotland, 1548 (Eny. Garner, III. 
 99). 
 
 PRICKY, prickly. 
 
 A prickie stalke it hath of the owne . . . 
 prickie moreouer it is like a thorne. Hol- 
 land, Pliny, xix. 3. 
 
 Holme-trees grow plentifully with their 
 sharp prickey leaves alwaies greene. Ibid., 
 Camden, p. 351. 
 
 PRIDE, to be proud : all the examples 
 in the Diets, give it as a reflective verb, 
 which is its present use.
 
 PRIDE 
 
 ( 5'5 ) 
 
 PRIMITIVJTY 
 
 Neither were the vainglorious content to 
 pride it upon success, and to stamp it upon 
 their money, " God with us," but sharpned 
 their presumption against the king's friends 
 with insultatious and revilings. Socket, Life 
 of Williams, II. 203. 
 
 It's a madness to pride in our shame, and 
 to look big because we are poor and indigent. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 21. 
 
 To pride, dear brother, in greatness is a 
 pompous folly. Ibid., p. 138. 
 
 You only pride in your own abasement, 
 and glory in your shame. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, i. 368. 
 
 I regretted he was no more ; he would so 
 much have prided and rejoiced in showing 
 his place. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, V. 30. 
 
 PRIDE, full force ? 
 
 The princes were even compelled by the 
 hail that the pride of the wind blew into 
 their faces, to seek some shrouding place. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 132. 
 
 PRIDIAN, belonging to the previous 
 day. 
 
 Thrice a week at least does Gann breakfast 
 in bed sure sign of pridian intoxication. 
 Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. ii. 
 
 PRIEST, priestess. 
 
 On a seate of the same Chariot, a little 
 more eleuate, sate Eunomia, the Virgine 
 Priest of the Goddesse Honor. Chapman, 
 Masque of the Mid. Temple. 
 
 PRIEST, to hold or exercise the office 
 of priest ; one ordained 'to the second 
 order in the ministry is now often said 
 to be priested. 
 
 Honour God and the bishop as high-priest, 
 bearing the image of God according to his 
 ruling, and of Christ according to his priest- 
 ing. Milton, Prelatical Episcopacy. 
 
 PRIGGISH, dishonest : the word usually 
 means conceited or pragmatical. 
 
 Every prig is a slave. His own priggish 
 desires which enslave him themselves, betray 
 him to the tyranny of others. Fielding, 
 Jonathan Wild, Bk. IV. ch. iii. 
 
 PRIGGISM, thievery; "here" in the 
 second quotation is Newgate ; also con- 
 ceit, or pragmaticalriess ; priggishness 
 is commoner. 
 
 How unhappy is the state of priggism! 
 how impossible for human prudence to fore- 
 see and guard agaiast every circumvention ! 
 Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 "While one hath a roguery (a priggism they 
 here call it) to commit, and another a roguery 
 to defend, they must naturally fly to the 
 favour and protection of those who have power 
 to give them what they desire. /fo'tf., Bk. 
 IV. ch. iii. 
 
 Your great Mechanics' Institutes end in 
 intellectual priggism. Hughes, Tom liroicn't 
 Schooldays, Ft. I. ch. ii. 
 
 PRILL, stream. 
 Each siluer prill gliding on golden sand. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 12. 
 
 Driue on thy flocke then to the motley plaines 
 
 "Where by some prill that 'mong the pib- 
 
 bles plods, 
 Thou, with thine oaten reede and queintest 
 
 straiues, 
 
 May rapt the senior swaines and minor 
 gods. 
 
 Ibid., Eclogue, 1. 150. 
 
 PRIM, privet. See L. s. v. privet. 
 Set priuie or prim, 
 Set boxe like him. 
 Set giloflowers all, 
 That growes on the wall. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandric, p. 33. 
 
 PRIM, to purse up the mouth, or to 
 prepare oneself generally in a precise 
 way ; and so to be particular or strait- 
 laced. 
 
 Have I not known these many years 
 Thy love to th' tribe with the long ears, 
 "Where primming sister, aunt, or coz, 
 Tune their warm zeal with hum and buz ? 
 D'Urfry, Collin's Walk, Cant. I. 
 "When she was primmed out, down she came 
 to him. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 37. 
 
 Tell dear Kitty not to prim up as if we 
 had never met before. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, ii. 108 (1781). 
 
 "With other thought mark also the Abbe 
 Maury ; his broad, bold face, mouth accur- 
 ately primmed, full eyes that ray out intelli- 
 gence, falsehood. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. 
 Bk. IV. ch. iv. 
 
 PRIMAGE, allowance paid by the 
 shipper of goods to master and sailors 
 for loading the vessel therewith. In a 
 Report to Lord Burleigh of the cost of 
 delivering a Tun of Gascoigny wine in 
 England in November, 1583 (Arber, 
 Eng. Garner, i. 46), one item is 
 
 " The freight, primage, and Dover money 
 on the tun, 1. 13. 0." 
 
 And in Linschoten's Voyage to Goa, 
 1594, we are told that in the Spanish 
 carracks employed on the Indian voy- 
 ages, the Master and the Pilot had 
 specified wages, " as also ' Primage,' 
 and certain tons of freight" (Ibid., 
 Eng. Garner, iii. 19). 
 
 PRIMITIVITT, primitiveness. 
 
 Oh ! I can tell you the age of George the 
 Second is likely to be celebrated for more 
 primitivity than the disinterestedness of Mr. 
 Deard. Watpole to Mann, iii. 331 (1759). 
 L L 2
 
 PRIMROSED 
 
 PROCESS 
 
 PRIMROSED, adorned or covered with 
 primroses : cf. COWSLIPED. 
 
 It stood close to the roadside, not one of 
 your broad, level, dusty, glaring causeways, 
 but a zig-zag, up-and-down primrosed by- 
 road. Savage, Reuben Medlicott, Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 PRINCEKIN, little prince. Cf. LORD- 
 KIN. 
 
 Every one of us according to his degree 
 can point to the Princekins of private life 
 who are flattered and worshipped. The New- 
 comes, ch. liii. 
 
 PRINCELESS, without a prince. 
 
 This county is Princeless, I mean, affords 
 no Royal nativities. Fuller, Worthies, Rut- 
 land (II. 242). 
 
 PRINCELET, a petty prince. 
 
 German princelets might sell their country 
 piece-meal to French or Russian. C. Kings- 
 ley, Alton Locke, ch. xzxii. 
 
 PRINCELING, a young or petty prince. 
 
 Our hopes, our just desires pursu'd, 
 To see our Princeling with a name indu'd. 
 
 Sylvester, Panaretus, 4. 
 The struggle in his own country has en- 
 tirely deprived him of revenues as great as 
 any forfeited by their Italian princelings. 
 Disraeli, Lothair, ch. xliz. 
 
 PRINCESSLY, having the rank of 
 princess. 
 
 The busy old tarpaulin uncle I make but 
 my ambassador to Queen Annabella Howe, 
 to engage her (for example -sake to her 
 princessly daughter) to join in their cause. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harloice, i. 221. 
 
 PRINCUM-PRANCUM. Grose gives " Mrs. 
 PrincumPrancum, a nice, precise, formal 
 madam." 
 
 Princum Prancum is a fine dance. Burton 
 Anatomy, p. 533. 
 
 What dance ? 
 
 No wanton jig I hope, no dance is lawful 
 But Prinkum-Prankum. 
 
 Randolph, Muses' Looking Glats, v. 1. 
 
 PRINCUM s, niceties of behaviour, 
 scruples. 
 
 My behaviour may not yoke 
 "With the nice princums of that folk. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, Cant. I. 
 
 PRIVACY, a private matter. 
 
 The dislikers of the Liturgie bare them- 
 selves high upon the judgement of Master 
 Calvin in his letter (four years since) to the 
 Duke of Somerset, Lord Protectour, now no 
 longer a privacie, because publickly printed 
 in his Epistles. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VII. ii. 18. 
 
 PRIVIE, privet. See quotation from 
 Tusser s. v. PBIM. 
 
 The borders round about are set with priuie 
 
 sweete, 
 Where neuer bird but nightingale presumde 
 
 to set his feete. 
 N. Breton, Daffodils and Primroses, p. 3. 
 
 PRIZE, to risk or venture. 
 Thou'rt worthy of the title of a squire, 
 That durst, for proof of thy affection, 
 And for thy mistress' favour, prize thy blood. 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 175. 
 
 PRIZEABLE, valuable ; in use in Sussex. 
 Be careful of what love you venture for ; 
 For in so much as love is better worth, 
 So prudence is more prizeable in love. 
 
 Taylor, Virgin Widow, II. i. 
 The courage of the tongue 
 Is truly, like the courage of the hand, 
 A prizeable possession. 
 
 Ibid., St. Clement's Eve, I. i. 
 
 PRO AND CON, used as a verb, to weigh 
 the arguments on both sides. See 
 quotation from Southey s. v. SHILLI- 
 
 SHALLIER. 
 
 A man in soliloquy reasons with himself, 
 and pros and cons and weighs all his designs. 
 Congreve, Epist. Ded. to Double Dealer. 
 
 My father's resolution of putting me into 
 breeches . . . had nevertheless been pro'd 
 and con'd, and judicially talked over betwixt 
 him and my mother. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, iv. 
 197. 
 
 PROBALITY, probability. 
 
 [After describing a far-fetched derivation 
 for the name Brigantes.] But if such a con- 
 jecture may take place, others might with as 
 great probality derive them from the Brigautes 
 of Britaine. Holland's Camden, ii. p. 84. 
 
 PROBATORIE, house for novices. 
 
 In the same yeere Christian Bishop of 
 Lismore . . . and Pope Eugeuius, a venerable 
 man, with whom he was in the Probatorie at 
 Clarevall, who also ordained him to be the 
 Legate in Ireland, . . . departed to Christ. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 151. 
 
 PROBE, a printer's proof. 
 
 The thanksgiving for the queen's majesty's 
 preservation I have inserted into the collect, 
 which was apter place in my opinion than 
 in the psalm ; ye shall see in the probe of 
 the print, and after judge. Grindal's Re- 
 mains, p. 268. 
 
 PROCEROUS, lofty. 
 
 The compasse about the wall of this new 
 mount is five hundreth foot, . . . and the 
 procerous stature of it, so embailing and 
 girdling in this mount, twentie foot and sixe 
 inches. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 153). 
 
 PROCESS, to sue by legal process. 
 He was at the quarter-sessions processing 
 his brother. Miss Edgeworth, Ennui, ch. viii
 
 PROCESSION ( 517 ) PROLEGOMENOUS 
 
 PROCESSION, to go in procession. 
 Bale, quoted by R., speaks of men 
 being processioned, i. e. beset with 
 processions (and other externals of 
 religion). 
 
 There is eating, and drinking, and pro- 
 cessioninf/,&ud masquerading. Colman, Man 
 and Wife, Act I. 
 
 Thirteen St. Edmundsbury monks are at 
 last seen processioning towards the Win- 
 chester Mauorhouse. Carlyle, Past and 
 Present, Bk. II. ch. xcviii. 
 
 Truly this iusolatio suits my old bones 
 better than processioning. Kinysley, Saint's 
 Tragedy, v. 1. 
 
 PROCESSIONER, one who goes in pro- 
 cession. 
 
 The processioners seeing them running to- 
 wards them, and with them the troopers of 
 the holy brotherhood with their cross-bows, 
 began to fear some evil accident. Jarvis's 
 Don Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. IV. ch. xxv. 
 
 PROCHRONISM, anachronism. 
 The prochronisms in these mysteries are 
 very remarkable. Archaol., xxvii. 252 (1838). 
 
 PBOCLAIMANT, proclaimer. 
 
 I was spared the pain of being the first 
 proclaimant of her flight. E. Bronte, Wuther- 
 iny Heiyhts, ch. xii. 
 
 PROCTORIZED, an undergraduate sent 
 for a proctor for some misdemeanour 
 is said to be proctorized. 
 
 One don't like to go in while there's any 
 chance of a real row, as you call it, and so 
 gets proctorized in one's old age for one's 
 patriotism. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, 
 ch. xii. 
 
 PRODIGALISE, to lavish. 
 
 Major Mac Blarney prodiyalises his offers 
 of service in every conceivable department 
 of life. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XVII. ch. i. 
 
 PRODUCTIVITY, power of production. 
 
 They have reinforced their own produc- 
 tivity, by the creation of that marvellous 
 machinery which differences this age from 
 any other age. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. x. 
 
 PROFANATORY, profaning. 
 
 Every one now had tasted the wassail-cup, 
 except Paulina, whose pas de fee ou de fan- 
 tasie nobody thought of interrupting to offer 
 so profanatoi-y a draught. Miss Bronte, Vil- 
 lette, ch. xxv. 
 
 PROFESSORESS, female professor. 
 
 If I had children to educate, I would at 
 ten or twelve years of age, have a professor, 
 or professoress, of whist for them. Thack- 
 eray, Roundabout Papers, xxx. 
 
 P R o F I c I A T . " Properly (Cot grave 
 says), a fee or benevolence bestowed 
 
 on bishops in manner of a welcome, 
 immediately after their instalment." 
 
 [He] would hare caused him to be burnt 
 alive, had it not been for Morgante, who for 
 his proficiat and other small fees gave him 
 nine tuns of beer. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 II. ch. xxx. 
 
 PROFICIENCY, a start or advance; 
 generally applied to the student, not 
 the study. 
 
 By means whereof the Hebrew and Chal- 
 daick tongues, which few in Oxon under- 
 stood, when I first came thither, became to 
 be so generally embraced, and so chearfully 
 studied, that it received a wonderful pro- 
 ficiency, and that too in a shorter time than 
 a man can easily imagine. Heylin, Life of 
 Laud, p. 317. 
 
 PROFUSER, lavisher. 
 Fortune's a blind prof user of her own, 
 Too much she gives to some, enough to none. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 255. 
 
 PROG, food. The word is in R. and 
 L., but the subjoined is an earlier ex- 
 ample than any there given. 
 
 The Abbot also every Saturday was to 
 visit their beds, to see if they had not shuf- 
 fled in some softer matter or purloyued some 
 proyye for themselves. Fuller, Ch. Hist., v. 
 p. 290. 
 
 PROGENERATE, to beget. 
 
 They were all proyenerated colonies from a 
 Scythian or Tartar race. Archaol., ii. 250 
 (1773). 
 
 PROGERMINATION, birth ; growth. 
 
 Ignoble births which shame the stem 
 That gave proyer mi nation unto them. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 270. 
 
 PROHIBITER, one who forbids. 
 
 Cecilia, with a sort of steady dismay in 
 her countenance, cast her eyes round the 
 church, with no other view than that of see- 
 ing from what corner the prohibiter would 
 start. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. IX. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 PROKER. Colman, in a note, says, 
 " Hibernice, proker ; Anylice, poker." 
 Before the antique Hall's turf fire 
 Was stretch'd the Porter, Con Maguire, 
 Who, at stout Usquebaugh's command, 
 Snor'd with his proker in his hand. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vayaries, p. 46. 
 The prokers are not half so hot or so long, 
 By an inch or two, either in handle or prong. 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Old Woman in Grey). 
 
 PROLEGOMENOUS, introductory. 
 
 It may not be amiss in the prolegomenon s 
 or introductory chapter to say something of 
 that species of writing which is called the
 
 PROLIFY 
 
 ( 518 ) PROPERTY-MAN 
 
 marvellous. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. VIII. 
 ch. i. 
 
 PROLIFY, to bring forth offspring. 
 
 There remained in the heart of such some 
 piece of ill-temper unreformed, which in 
 time prolijied, and sent out great and wast- 
 ing sins. Sanderson, v. 338. 
 
 PROLIX, long : usually applied to a 
 speech, or argument, or book. 
 
 She had also a most prolix beard and 
 mustachios. Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 15, 1655. 
 
 PROLOCUTRIX, spokeswoman. 
 
 Lady Countesse, hath the Lords made you 
 a charter, and sent you (for that you are an 
 eloquent speaker) to be their aduocate and 
 prolocutrix? Daniel, Hist, of Erie/., p. 141. 
 
 A furious clash fell between them who 
 should be the prolocutrix. Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 33. 
 
 PROLONGATE, to prolong or lengthen. 
 
 His prolongated nose 
 
 Should guard his grinning mouth from blows. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. ii. 
 
 PROMENADER, walker ; see next entry. 
 Promenade as a substantive is at least 
 as old as 1648. See quotation from 
 Bp. Mountague in R. and L. ; the latter 
 also has promenade as a verb, with an 
 example from Tennyson. 
 
 Play, laughter, or even a stare out of win- 
 dow at the sinful, merry, Sabbath-breaking 
 promenaders were all forbidden. C. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. i. 
 
 PROMENADERESS woman taking a 
 walk. 
 
 Frilled promenaders saunter under the 
 trees ; white-muslin promenaderess, in green 
 parasol, leaning on your arm. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. VI. ch. iv. 
 
 PROMISCUITY, confusion. 
 
 The God-abstractions of the modern poly- 
 theism are nearly in as sad a state of per- 
 plexity and promiscuity as were the more 
 substantial deities of the Greeks. E. A. 
 Poe, Marginalia, Ixxv. 
 
 PROMISEFDLL, full of promises. 
 So som he wins with promisefull intreats, 
 With presents som, and som with rougher 
 
 threat?. Sylvester, Babylon, 96. 
 
 PROMONTORIOUS, overhanging like a 
 promontory, and so, high and pre- 
 dominant. 
 
 The Papists brag of their numerous multi- 
 tude, and promontoriout celsitude. Adams, 
 i. 422. 
 
 PROMONTORY, used adjectivally = 
 high ; projecting. 
 
 He found his flockes grazing vpon the 
 Promontorie Mountaines. Greene, Mena- 
 phon, p. 23. 
 
 Who sees not that the clambering goats 
 get upon rocks and promontory places? 
 Adams, i. 428. 
 
 PROMOVAL, advancement. 
 
 Tell me if my recommendation can in 
 anything be steadable for the promoval of 
 the good of that youth. Urquhart's Rabe- 
 lais, Bk. III. ch. xxix. 
 
 PROMPTERICAL, pertaining to a 
 prompter. 
 
 The Prompter's Boy, Messieurs, must stand 
 Near the Stage-Door, close at the Prompter's 
 
 hand ; 
 
 Holding a Nomenclature that's numerical, 
 Which tallies with the Book prompterical. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 14. 
 
 PROPAGATE, to scatter. 
 
 This short harangue propagated the Juncto, 
 and put an end to their resolves ; however 
 they took care of their fee, but then left all 
 concern for the lady behind them. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 544. 
 
 PROPAGATRESS, female promoter. 
 
 Tell me freely if you have a mind to see 
 Saturnia again, your native soyle . . . the 
 prime propagatresse of religion and learning. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 89. 
 
 PROPENSELY, deliberately. 
 
 Others . . . looked upon it on the con- 
 trary as a real and substantial oath pro- 
 pensly formed against Yorick. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, iii. 203. 
 
 PROPENSIVE, favourable. 
 
 Edward the Thirde of his propensive miude 
 towardes them, united to Yarmouth Kirtley- 
 road from it seaven mile vacant. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stu/e (Harl. Misc., vi. 152). 
 
 PROPERATION, haste. 
 
 There is great preparation of this banquet, 
 properation to it, participation of it. Adams, 
 i. 216. 
 
 PROPERLY, quite ; entirely. 
 
 Thence he carried me to the King's closet, 
 where such variety of pictures and other 
 things of value and rarity that I was pro- 
 perly confounded, and enjoyed no pleasure 
 in the sight of them. J'epys, June 24, 1664. 
 
 All which I did assure my lord was most 
 properly false, and nothing like it true. 
 Ibid., July 14, 1664. 
 
 PKOPEUTY-MAN, the man in a theatre 
 who makes or provides the things re- 
 quired for the dramas represented at 
 theatres. 
 
 The religion of the day is a theatrical 
 Sinai, where the thunders are supplied by
 
 PROPHECY-MONGER ( 519 ) 
 
 PROSEMAN 
 
 the property-man. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. 
 xiii. 
 
 PROPHECY-MONGER, an inventor of 
 prophecies. 
 
 The English [are] observed by forrainers 
 to be the greatest prophecy-mongers, and 
 whilst the Devil knows their diet, they shall 
 never want a dish to please the palate. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. ii. 46. 
 
 PROPHET, to prophesy. 
 Nor propheting Helenus when he foretold 
 
 dangerous hard haps, 
 Forspake this burial mourning, nor filthye 
 
 Celaeno. Stanyhurst, _<2?n., III. 727. 
 
 PROPHETIZE, to prophesy. 
 
 Heer sorrow stopt the door 
 Of his sad voice, and almost dead for woe, 
 The prophetizing spirit forsooke him so. 
 
 Sylvester, Handle Crafts, 785. 
 Nor, thrild with bodkins, raves in frantik- 
 
 wise, 
 And in a f urie seems to prophetize. 
 
 Ibid., Schisme, 563. 
 
 PROPLESS, without support or props. 
 
 The dull Earth's propless massie Ball 
 Stands steddy still. 
 
 Sylvester, Seventh day, first iceeke, 94. 
 This our Globe hangs proplesse in the air. 
 
 Ibid., Little Bartas, 287. 
 Encrease thy streames, laye ope the water- 
 springs, 
 
 That earth's foundations (proplesse) may 
 appeare. Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 12. 
 
 PROPONTEY, the Propontis, or Sea of 
 Marmora. 
 
 There are above forty severall nations, 
 both in Europe and Asia, which have the 
 Sclavonick for their vulgar speech ; it reach- 
 eth from Mosco the court of the great Knez 
 to the Turk's seraglio in Constantinople, 
 and so over the Propontey to divers places in 
 Asia. Howell, Forraine Travell, Sect. xi. 
 
 PROPOSEDLY, purposely. 
 
 They had proppsedly been plann'd and 
 pointed against him. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, 
 i. 117. 
 
 PROPRIATE, special, or, perhaps, ap- 
 propriated ; assimilated. 
 
 But any simple Tom will tell ye, 
 The source of life is in the belly, 
 From whence are sent out those supplies, 
 Without whose propriate sympathies 
 "We should be neither strong nor wise. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. 7. 
 
 PROPDLSITY, propulsion ; motive 
 power. Davies says of Eternity 
 It euer was : that was ere Time had roome 
 To stirre itselfe by Heau'n's propulsity. 
 
 Davies, Summa Totalis, p. 10. 
 
 PROREX, viceroy. 
 
 In the second part of Tamburlaine, 
 Orcanes is described in the Dramatis 
 Personce as King of Natolia, and Ga- 
 zellus as Viceroy of Byron ; the latter 
 addresses the former (I. i.) as " Prorex 
 of the world." 
 
 Create him Prorex of all Africa. Mar- 
 lowe, 1 Tamburlaine, I. i. 
 
 PRORITATION, provocation ; challeng- 
 ing. 
 
 Your Maimonides, after all your prori- 
 tation, holds no other than fair terms with 
 our Samaritan Chronicle. Up. Hall, Works, 
 x. 399. 
 
 PROSAICISM, the character of prose. 
 
 As regards verbal construction, the more 
 prosaic a poetical style is, the better. 
 Through this species of prosaicism, Cowper, 
 with scarcely any of the higher poetical 
 elements, came very near making his age 
 fancy him the equal of Pope. E. A. Pot, 
 Marginalia, xxviii. 
 
 PROSAIST, one devoid of the poetical 
 temperament. 
 
 "Without life, without colour or verdure ; 
 that is to say, Mignet is heartily and alto- 
 gether a prosaist ; you are too happy that he 
 is not a quack as well. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 
 121. 
 
 PROSAPIE, stock (Latin, prosapia). 
 My harte abhorreth that I should so 
 
 In a woman's kirtle my self disguise, 
 Beyng a maniie, and begotten to 
 
 Of a mannes prosapie, in manly wise. 
 
 UdaPs Erasmus, Apophth., p. 69. 
 
 PROSCENIUM, the front of the stage : a 
 Latin word, but used as English. 
 
 Lips she has, all rubie red, 
 Cheeks like creame enclarited : 
 And a nose that is the grace 
 And proscenium of the face. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 146. 
 
 During his time, from the Proscenium ta'en, 
 Thalia and Melpomene both vanish'd. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 16. 
 These thoughts dwelt long with Sterling ; 
 and for a good while, I fancy, kept posses- 
 sion of the proscenium of his mind ; madly 
 parading there to the exclusion of all else. 
 Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. I. ch. xiv. 
 
 PROSCIND, to rend. 
 
 They did too much prescind and prostitute 
 (as it were) the Imperial purple. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 573. 
 
 PROSEMAN, a prose writer. The 
 second extract is from some compli- 
 mentary verses from Garrick to John-
 
 PXOSNE 
 
 ( 52 ) 
 
 PROTOCOL 
 
 son on the publication of the English 
 Dictionary. 
 
 Although a prayse or other report may be 
 allowed beyond credit, it may not be beyond 
 all measure, specially in the proseman. 
 Puttenham, Eny.Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xviii. 
 Let them rally their heroes, send forth all 
 
 their powers, 
 Their verse-men and prose-men, then match 
 
 them with ours. 
 
 Boswell, Life of Johnson, ii. 53. 
 
 PROSNE. See quotation. 
 
 I will conclude this point with a saying, 
 not out of Calvin or Beza who may be 
 thought partial, but out of a prosne or 
 homily made . . . two hundred years ago. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 56. 
 
 PROSOPOPEY, personification. This 
 Anglicised form of prosopopoeia has 
 not become current. 
 
 The wittessly-malicious prosopopey wherein 
 my Refuter brings in the Reverend and 
 Peerless Bishop of London pleading for his 
 wife to the Metropolitan, becomes well the 
 mouth of a scurril Mass-priest. Up. Hall, 
 Works, v. 235. 
 
 PROSPECTLESS, without any view. 
 
 Imagine its being as dismal and prospect- 
 less as if it stood " on Stanmore's wintry 
 wild ! " Walpole, Letters, iii. 330 (1770). 
 
 PROSTITE. 
 
 But Fortune, that can change her mind, 
 "Weary at last of being unkind, 
 And thinking now her Prostite had 
 For youth's excursions dearly paid, 
 Concludes it time to give him aid. 
 
 jyUrfey, Athenian Jilt. 
 
 PROSTRATOB, one who overturns. 
 
 Common people . . are the great and 
 infallible prostrators of all religion, vertue, 
 honour, order, peace, civility, and humanity, 
 if left to themselves. Gauden, Tears of tin 
 Church, p. 189. 
 
 PROTARCH, a chief ruler. 
 
 In the age of the Apostles and the age 
 next succeeding, the highest order in the 
 Church under the Apostles were national 
 Protarchs or Patriarchs. Bramhall, ii. 149. 
 
 PROTECTEE, person protected. The 
 Fr. protege may be deemed naturalised. 
 
 Your protertee, White, was clerk to my 
 cousin. W. Taylor of Norwich, 1807 (Me- 
 moirs, ii. 198). 
 
 PROTECTIVENESS, sense of extending 
 protection. 
 
 Among the blessings of love there is 
 hardly one more exquisite than the sense 
 that in uniting the beloved life to ours we 
 can watch over its happiness, bring comfort 
 where hardship was, and over memories of 
 
 privation and suffering open the sweetest 
 fountains of joy. Deronda's love for Mirah 
 was strongly imbued with that blessed pro- 
 tectiveness. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. 
 Ixx. 
 
 PROTECTORAL, pertaining to a pro- 
 tector, or, as in the extract, to the Pro- 
 tector. L. has protectorial. 
 
 The death of Cromwel . . . and perhaps 
 some untoward circumstances that occurred 
 in the contention of the representative 
 system and the protectoral power, over- 
 turned to the very foundation that fabric of 
 government which he had so ably begun to 
 erect. Godwin, Mandeville, i. 225. 
 
 PROTECTORIAN, pertaining to the Pro- 
 tector ; Cromwellian. L. has protec- 
 torial. 
 
 This Lord . . . during the tyranny of the 
 Protectorian times kept his secret Loyalty to 
 his Sovereign. Fuller, Worthies, Hereford 
 (i. 465). 
 
 PROTERVITY, petulance. 
 
 Companion to T. Becket in his exile, but 
 no partner in his protervity against his 
 Prince. Fuller, Worthies, Wilts (ii. 442). 
 
 PROTESTED, a bill not accepted or not 
 paid by the person on whom it is drawn 
 is said to be protested. This is applied 
 in the second extract to one person 
 not endorsing the statement made by 
 another. 
 
 The bill lies for payment at Dollar's and 
 Co., in Birchin-lane, and if not taken up this 
 afternoon will be protested. Colman, The 
 Spleen, Act I. 
 
 " I said I did nothing," cried Lady Cecilia. 
 . . . An appealing look to Helen was how- 
 ever protested. " To the best of my recol- 
 lection at least," Lady Cecilia immediately 
 added. Miss Edgeicorth, Helen, ch. vi. 
 
 PROTESTION, protestation: the word 
 seems to be meant, in the extract, to 
 jingle with " affection," like " glances " 
 with "fancies." 
 
 Neither may I think your glaunces to 
 be fancies, nor your greatest protesiion any 
 assurance of deepe affection. Greene, Mena- 
 phon, p. 54. 
 
 PROTOCANONICAL, applied to the 
 canonical books of Scripture, as dis- 
 tinguished from the Apocryphal or 
 deutero-canonical books. 
 
 [The Creed] is the word of God, though 
 not the Scripture of God, not sovereign but 
 subordinate, not protocanonical Scripture, yet 
 the key of the holy Scripture. Adams, iii. 86. 
 
 PROTOCOL, to issue protocols.
 
 PROTO-PARENTS ( 521 ) 
 
 PSALM 
 
 Serene Highnesses who sit there protocol- 
 liny^ and manifestoing, and consoling man- 
 kind. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. VI. 
 di. iii. 
 
 PHOTO-PARENTS, Adam and Eve, as 
 being our first parents : a hybrid word. 
 For since our Prate-parents' lowest fall, 
 Our wisdom's highest pitch (God wot) is low. 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 23. 
 
 PROTBACK, to protract. 
 
 But with thy Dayes thy Dolours to protrackt 
 Thou shalt from thence unto Bethulia pack. 
 Sylvester, Bethulia's Rescue, ii. 439. 
 
 PROTRACTOR, an instrument in survey- 
 ing, by which angles are taken. 
 
 This parallelogram is not, as Mr. Sheres 
 would the other day have persuaded me, the 
 same as a protractor, which do so much the 
 more make me value it, but of itself is a most 
 useful instrument. fepys, Feb. 4, 1668-9. 
 
 PROTRITE, worn out. 
 
 They are but old and rotten errors, pro- 
 trite and putid opinions of the ancient Gnos- 
 ticks. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 195. 
 
 PROUD, to make or be proud. 
 Sister proudes sister, brother hardens brother, 
 And one companion doth corrupt another. 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 1333. 
 
 There prowdeth Pow'r, here Prowesse 
 brighter shines. Ibid., Henrie the Great, 
 117. 
 
 PRODDLING, a proud person. 
 Milde to the Meek, to Proudlings sterne 
 and strict. Sylvester, Henrie the Great, 152. 
 
 PROVENDER, to feed. 
 
 His horses (quatenus horses) are pro- 
 vendered as epicurely. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 179). 
 
 PROVENUES, provisions. 
 
 Our liberal Creator hath thought good to 
 furnish our tables with . . . the rich and 
 dainty provenues of our gardens and orchards. 
 Bp. Kail, Works, vi. 376. 
 
 PROVERB. See extract. 
 
 Some will have a Proverb so called from 
 verbum a word, and pro (as in proavus) sig- 
 nifying before, being a speech which time 
 out of mind hath had peaceable possession 
 in the mouths of many people. Others de- 
 duce it from verbum a word, and pro for vice 
 (as in pro-prases), instead of, because it is 
 not to be taken in the literal sense, one thing 
 being put for another. Fuller, Worthies, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 PROVERBIALIZE, to use proverbs. 
 
 But I forbear from any further proverbial- 
 iziny. lest I should be thought to have rifled 
 my Erasmus's adages. Rennet's Erasmus, 
 Praise of Folly, p. 135. 
 
 PROVERBIZE, to make into a proverb ; 
 to cull proverbially. 
 
 For house-hold rules read not the learned 
 
 writs 
 
 Of the Stagirian (glory of good wits) ; 
 Nor his whom for his houny-steeped stile, 
 They proverbiz'd the Attik-house yer-while. 
 Sylvester, Seventh day, first week, 653. 
 
 PROVISIONLESS, foodless. 
 The air clipped keen, the night was fanged 
 
 with frost, 
 And they provisionless. 
 
 Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 PROWESSFUL, powerful ; vigorous. 
 Nimrod usurps : his prowesful policy 
 To gain himself the goal of souerainty. 
 
 Sylvester, -Babylon (Argument). 
 
 PROWLERY, robbery ; cheat. 
 
 Thirty-seven monopolies with other shark- 
 ing proicleries were decry'd in one proclama- 
 tion. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 51. 
 
 PRUDERY. The extract shows that 
 in 1718 this word was somewhat un- 
 familiar ; the speaker, however, is a 
 Quaker hosier's wife, who, of course, 
 was not likely to be among the first to 
 pick up new terms of that kind. The 
 earliest example of prudery in the 
 Diets, is from the Toiler, No. 126 
 (1709). 
 
 Mrs. Lov. The world begins to see your 
 prudery. 
 
 Mrs. Prim. Prudery! What, do they 
 invent new words as well as new fashions ? 
 Ah ! poor fantastic age, I pity thee. Cent- 
 livre, Bold Stroke for a Wife, Act II. 
 
 PRUNELLAED, gowned ; the barristers' 
 gowns being made of stuff called pru- 
 nello. Grose gives " Mr. Prunella = a 
 parson," for a similar reason. 
 Nods the prunella'd bar, attorneys smile. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 136. 
 
 PRUTENIC, Prussian. Eimhold in 
 1562 published a work on the motions 
 of the heavenly bodies, which he called 
 Prutenicce Tabulae coelestium motuum, 
 and he states that he styles these tables 
 Prutenic, to transmit to posterity the 
 memory of the liberality of Albert, 
 Duke of Prussia, to whom the book is 
 dedicated. See N. and Q., I. i. 284. 
 
 I trust anon, by the help of an infallible 
 guide, to perfect such Prutenic tables, as 
 shall mend the astronomy of our wide ex- 
 positors. Milton, Doct. and Disc, of Divorce, 
 ch. i. 
 
 PSALM, to sing.
 
 PSALMOD Y 
 
 ( 522 ) 
 
 PUDGY 
 
 That we her subjects, whom He blesseth by 
 
 her, 
 Psalming His praise may sound the same the 
 
 higher. Sylvester, Handle Crafts, 73. 
 
 PSALMODY, to sing. 
 
 It is an event which can be looked on ; 
 which may still be execrated, still be cele- 
 brated and psalmodied ; but which it were 
 better now to begin understanding. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iv. 119. 
 
 The deathless suicidal Vengeur is written 
 deep in innumerable French songs and 
 psalmodyinys. Ibid., iv. 211. 
 
 PSALTERIAN, sweet, like the notes 
 of a psaltery. (Cf . Ezek. xxxiii. 32 ; 
 Ecclus. xl. 21.) 
 
 Then once again the charmed God began 
 An oath, and through the serpent's ears it 
 
 ran 
 Warm, tremulous, devout, psalterian. 
 
 Keats, Lamia. 
 
 PSALTERY, usually, a musical instru- 
 ment, but here = psalter. 
 
 She had been such a good and religious 
 woman ; so good indeed that she knew all 
 the Psaltery by heart, ay, and a great part 
 of the Testament besides. Essays of Elia 
 (Dream-children). 
 
 PSEUDO-BIBLE, false Bible. 
 
 The work which the reader has now the 
 privilege of perusing is as justly entitled to 
 the name of the Koran as the so - called 
 pseudo-bible itself, because the word signifies 
 " that which ought to be read." Southey, 
 The Doctor, Interchapter ix. 
 
 PSEUDODOX, false opinion. 
 
 Shame we not to call sickness health* 
 and to maintain the atheistical pseudodox, 
 which jtidgeth evil good and darkness light? 
 Adams, \. 435. 
 
 According to the Hebrew paradox, Nothing 
 is good but a woman ; which others lewdly 
 thwart with a pseudodox, Nothing is bad but 
 a woman. Ibid., iii. 138. 
 
 PSEUDODOXALL, false ; mistaken. In 
 the extract Orosia = Wales ; Gherionian 
 = English. 
 
 Orosia is much degenerated from what 
 she was by the Gherionian sectaries, who 
 have infected the inhabitants with so many 
 pseudodoxall and gingling opinions. Howell, 
 Parly of Beasts, p. 122. 
 
 PSYCHAL, pertaining to the soul. 
 
 There are some who will find it hard to 
 reconcile the psychal impossibility of refrain- 
 ing from admiration with the too - hastily 
 attained mental conviction that, critically, 
 there is nothing to admire. E. A. Poe, Mar- 
 ginalia, xxxvi. 
 
 PSYCHOPANNUCHIST, one who believed 
 
 that the soul after death entered on an 
 eternal night or sleep. 
 
 The Saducees might deny and overthrow 
 the resurrection against Christ; or the 
 Psychopannuchists the soul's immortality. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 283. 
 
 PSYLLY, the flea-wort, inula conyza. 
 The dropsie-breeding, sorrow-bringing jssyWy, 
 Here called flea- wort. Sylvester, The Furies, 
 176. 
 
 PTOCHOGONY. See extract. 
 
 The whole plan of the Bishop of London 
 is a ptochogony a generation of beggars. 
 Sydney Smith, Third Letter to Archd. Singleton. 
 
 PUBLICATE, to publish. 
 
 Little sins in them [the Clergy], if pub- 
 licated, grow great by their scandall and con- 
 tagion. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 115. 
 
 PUCKER, consternation ; disturbance. 
 
 The whole parish was in a pucker ; some 
 thought the French had landed ; others 
 imagiued the commodore's house was beset 
 by thieves. Smollett, Pere(/ri>ie Pickle, ch. ii. 
 
 PUCKLE, a spirit ; a puck. See ex- 
 tract s. v. HELL- WAIN. 
 
 PUDDER, to potter: the Diets, only 
 have it as an active verb. 
 
 Som almost alwayes pudder in the mud 
 Of sleepy pools, and neuer brook the flood 
 Of crystall streams. 
 
 Sylvester, Fifth day, fir st week, 172. 
 
 PUDDING-HEART, coward. 
 
 Go, pudding-heart, 
 
 Take thy huge offal and white liver hence. 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. iii. 1. 
 
 PUDDTNG-HOUSE, stomach. Cf . BREAD- 
 BASKET. 
 
 He . . thrust him downe his pudding-house 
 at a gobbe. Nashe, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 166). 
 
 PUDDLE, a term of contempt ; used 
 both as substantive and adjective. 
 
 It seems the puddle-poet did hope that the 
 jingling of his rhymes would drown the 
 sound of his false quantity. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., I. iii. 1. 
 
 I remember, when I was quite a boy, hear- 
 ing her called a limping old puddle. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. VII. ch. v. 
 
 PUDGY, soft and fat. 
 
 The vestry clerk, as everybody knows, is a 
 short pudgy little man in black. Sketches by 
 Bo:, ch. i. 
 
 She surveyed him blandly ; and with in- 
 finite grace put forward one of the pudgy 
 little hands in one of the dirty gloves. 
 Thackeray, Neiccomes, ch. vii.
 
 PUDSEY 
 
 ( 5*3 ) 
 
 PULPITMAN 
 
 PUDSEY, fat, pudgy ; hands are play- 
 fully called puds. 
 
 He arose, took the little thing from me, 
 kissed its forehead, its cheek, its lips, its 
 little pudsey hands, first one, then the other. 
 Richardson, Grandison, vii. 232. 
 
 PUERILES, childish things. 
 
 "Which seek . . to reduce ancient churches 
 of long growth, of tall and manly stature, to 
 their pueriles, their long coats and cradles. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 27. 
 
 PUERILITY, the time of childhood ; 
 usually = childishness. 
 
 Whether it be Tully or Panaetiusthat says 
 it, or both, it is well said, as I learnt it in 
 my lessons of puerility. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 30. 
 
 PUFF-RING. 
 
 The goldsmith is not behinde . . . they 
 are most of them skil'd in alcumie, and can 
 temper mettals shrewdly, with no little profit 
 to themselves, and disadvantage to the buier ; 
 beside pujfe-ringes and quaint conceits, which 
 I omit. Greene, Quip for Upstart Courtier 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 416). 
 
 PUFFROAR, noisy blowing. 
 
 East, weast, and south wynd with pufroare 
 mightelye ramping. Stanyhurst, ^En., II. 
 437. 
 
 PUFF-STONE. 
 
 That soft, easy- to-be wrought stone at 
 Great Banington called puff-stone, prodi- 
 giously strong and lasting; a great deal of 
 which hath been used in the repairs of West- 
 minster Abbey. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, ii. 284. 
 
 PUFF- WIG, a species of wig. 
 
 Here, sirrah, here's ten guineas for thee ; 
 get thyself a drugget suit and a puff-wig, 
 and so I dub thee Gentleman-Usher. Far- 
 quhar, The Inconstant, Act I. 
 
 PUG, a name given to the fox. 
 
 There is a dead silence till pug is well out 
 of cover, and the whole pack well in ... 
 Away he goes in gallant style, and the whole 
 field is hard up, till pug takes a stiff country. 
 Miss Edgeworth, Absentee, ch. viii. 
 
 Cunning old farmers rode off at inexpli- 
 cable angles to some well-known haunts of 
 pug. C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. i. 
 
 PUG, applied to a woman ; the 
 original gouge = woman, but often 
 with an ill signification. 
 
 In the vigour of his age he married Gargu- 
 melle, daughter to the king of the Parpaillons, 
 a jolly pug, and well-mouthed wench. Ur- 
 quhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 PUG, "a kind of loam" (Parish's 
 Sussex Glossary) ; but pugs in extracts 
 
 seem to be another name for rotten 
 chaff, &c. 
 
 It can not abide rank mucke, but content- 
 eth itselfe with rotten chaffe or pugs, and 
 such like plain mullock. Holland, Pliny, 
 xix. 5. 
 
 The best way to keep onions is in corn, 
 chaf, and such like pugs. Ibid., xix. 6. 
 
 PUGIL, a boxer. 
 
 He was no little one, but saginati corporis 
 bellua, as Curtius says of Dioxippus the 
 pugil. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 37. 
 
 PUGINESQUERY, that which has to do 
 with ecclesiastical architecture, from 
 Pugin, the well-known architect. 
 
 When they talk Puginesquery, I stick my 
 head on one side attentively, and " think the 
 more," like the lady's parrot. C. Kingsley, 
 Yeast, ch. vi. 
 
 PUGNANT, conflicting. Gauden (Tears 
 of the Church, p. 652) hopes for a time 
 when those in high places will deter- 
 mine matters with a view to the future 
 happiness of their country, rather than 
 " to the present pregnant and pugnant 
 interests." 
 
 Thee fat[e]s are pugnant. Stanyhurst, 
 &n., iv. 463. 
 
 PUGNOSE, nose turned up like a pug's. 
 Then half arose, from beside his toes, 
 His little pug-dog with his little pugnose. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Hand of Glory). 
 
 PUISSING, buzzing ; in some copies 
 the word is puling. 
 
 The merry crickett, puissing flye, 
 The piping gnatt for minstrillsey. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 471. 
 
 PULL, advantage. 
 
 You will be the companion of her pleasures ; 
 dressed as well as herself, courted by every 
 man who has a design upon her, and make a 
 market of her every day. Oh, you'll have 
 quite the pull of me in employment. 
 Burgoyne, Lord of the Manor, Act III. sc. i. 
 
 Why does not some one publish a list of 
 the young male nobility and baronetage, 
 their names, weights, and probable fortunes ? 
 I don't mean for the matrons of May Fair ; 
 they have the list by heart and study it in 
 secret, but for young men in the world ; so 
 that they may know what their chances are, 
 and who naturally has the pull over them. 
 Thackeray, The Neiccomes, ch. xli. 
 
 PULPITARIAN, a preacher. 
 
 The Scottish brethren were acquainted by 
 common intercourse with these directions 
 that had netled the aggrieved pulpitanans. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 90. 
 
 PULPITMAN, preacher.
 
 PULPITRY 
 
 ( 5*4) 
 
 PUPP1FY 
 
 He was an excellent pulpitman, happy in 
 raising the affections of his auditory, which 
 having got up, he would keep up, till the 
 close of his sermon. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. 
 iii. 33. 
 
 Dr. Hooper preached . . . This is one of 
 the first rank of pulpitmen in the nation. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 5, 1681. 
 
 PULPITRY, preaching, sermonizing. 
 
 They teach not that to govern well is to 
 train up a nation in true wisdom and vir- 
 tue . . . and that this is the true nourishing 
 of a land, other things follow as the shadow 
 does the substance ; to teach thus were mere 
 pulpitry to them. Milton, Of Eeformation in 
 England, Bk. II. 
 
 PULVEBATE, to crumble or grind to 
 dust. 
 
 They litter them in their own dung, first 
 dried in the Sunne and pulverated. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 65. 
 
 PUMP, a fishing question: the verb 
 occurs in Hudibras. 
 
 I was the easier indeed because, for all 
 her pumps, she gave no hints of the key and 
 the door, &c., which, had he communicated 
 to her, she could not have forborne giving 
 me a touch, of .Richardson, Pamela, i. 208. 
 
 PUMPIAN, pompous ? 
 
 Can that nation pass over such a triumph 
 as this entertainment without Pumpian 
 words and ruffling grandiloquence. Racket, 
 Life of Williams, i. 120. 
 
 PUNCH-GUT, pot-bellied: perhaps 
 misprint for paunch-gut. 
 
 O swinish, punch-gut God, say they, that 
 smells rank of the sty he was sowed up in. 
 Kennet's Erasm., Praise of Folly, p. 19. 
 
 PUNCTILIO, exact point or moment of 
 time. 
 
 In that punctilio of time wherein the bullets 
 struck him ... he is in an instant disanim- 
 ated. The Unhappy Marksman, 1659 (Harl. 
 Misc., iv. 4). 
 
 PUNGER, a sea-crab-fish. 
 
 The great varietie of fishes that it [the 
 Irish Sea] breedeth, as Salmons, . . . Plaice, 
 Punyers, Cods. Holland's Camden, ii. 59. 
 
 PUNIESHIP, early beginning; youth. 
 
 In the punieship or nonage of Cerdicke 
 Sandes . . . the best houses and walles 
 there were of mudde. Nashe, Lenten Stu/e 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 171). 
 
 PUNKISH, meretricious. 
 
 These punkish outsides beguile the needy 
 traveller; he thinks there cannot be so 
 many rooms in a house, and never a one to 
 harbour a poor stranger. Adams, i. 28. 
 
 PUNNAGE, punning. 
 
 The man who maintains that he derives 
 gratification from any such chapters of 
 punnage as Hood was in the daily practice 
 of committing to paper, should not be 
 credited upon oath. E. A Poe, Margin- 
 alia, clxxvii. 
 
 PUNTER, one who marks the puntos 
 or points ; a professional gambler. 
 
 There used to be grown men in London 
 who loved .... to accompany lads to the 
 gaming-table, and perhaps have an under- 
 standing with th punters. Thackeray, Vir- 
 ginians, ch. xxx. 
 
 Lord Kew was playing with a crowd of 
 awe-struck amateurs and breathless punters 
 admiring his valour and fortune. Ibid., 
 Newcomes, ch. xxviii. 
 
 PUNTO, minutia : the Diets, only give 
 the word as a term in fencing. The 
 subjoined is in a letter from Abp. Wil- 
 liams to the Duke of Buckingham 
 when in Spain, giving the Duke some 
 hints as to his conduct, especially as 
 to paying due respect to Prince Charles. 
 
 This cannot be any way offensive to your 
 own, and is expected to the utmost punto by 
 that other nation. Racket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 150. 
 
 PUPIL, used adjectivally : in quite 
 modern days pupil-teacher has become 
 a compound substantive : with a differ- 
 ent meaning from that which the words 
 have in the first extract. 
 
 I hate a pupil teacher, I endure not an 
 instructor that comes to me under the ward- 
 ship of an overseeing fist. Milton, Areopa- 
 gitica, p. 32. 
 
 You were . . . prepared at the pupil age 
 of seventeen to play the part of a fox. 
 Golwin, Mandeville, ii. 92. 
 
 PUPIL-MONGER, one who takes or 
 teaches pupils. 
 
 John Preston . . . was the greatest Pupil- 
 monger in England. Fuller, Worthies, North- 
 ampton (ii. 171). 
 
 PUPPETRY, mimic representation as 
 in a puppet show. R. and L. both have 
 the word with the same quotation from 
 Marston, where it = affectation. 
 Nay, we must now have nothing brought on 
 
 stages, 
 
 But puppetry, and pide ridiculous antickes. 
 Chapman, Rev. of Bussy D'Ambois, Act I. 
 
 Especialy observable was the pupetry in 
 the Church of the Minerve, representing 
 the Nativity. Evelyn, Diary, Dec. 24, 1644. 
 
 PUPPIFY, to make a puppy (of one's 
 self) ; to be foolish. 
 
 Concerning the peeple I verily believe 
 ther were never any so far degenerated
 
 PUPPIL Y 
 
 ( 525 ) PURSE-MILKING 
 
 siuce the Devill had to do with mankind, 
 never any who did fool and puppijie them- 
 selfs into such a perfect slavery and con- 
 fusion. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 29. 
 
 PUPPILY, puppy-like. 
 
 This impertinent heart is more trouble- 
 some to me than my conscience, I think. I 
 shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice and 
 roughen my character, to keep up with its 
 puppily dancings. Richardion. Cl. Harlowe, 
 v. 19. 
 
 PUPPYISM, conceited affectation. 
 
 Marianne was spared from the trouble- 
 some feelings of contempt and resentment 
 on this impertinent examination of their 
 features, and on the puppyism of his manner 
 ... by remaining unconscious of it all. 
 Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 It is surely more tolerable than precocious 
 puppyism in the Quadrant, whiskered dandy- 
 ism in Regent-street and Pall-mall, or gal- 
 lantry in its dotage anywhere. Sketches by 
 Boz (Thoughts about People). 
 
 PUPPY-SNATCH, apparently, a snare. 
 It seem'd indifferent to him 
 Whether he did or sink or swim ; 
 So he by either means might catch 
 Us Trojans in a Puppy-snatch. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 10. 
 
 PURE, purity. 
 
 Here are snakes within the grass ; 
 And you methinks, O Vivien, save ye fear 
 The monkish manhood, and the mask of 
 
 pure 
 "Worn by this court, nan stir them till they 
 
 sting. Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 PUEE, right ; well. 
 
 I was quiet enough till my husband told 
 me what pure lives the London ladies live 
 abroad with their dancing, meetings, and 
 junketings. Wycherley, Country Wife, in. 1. 
 
 Mr. Peter's niece said, "Well, Miss An- 
 drews, I hope before we part, we shall be 
 told the happy day." My good master 
 heard her, and said, " You shall, you shall, 
 madam." "That's pure," said Miss Darn- 
 ford. Richardson, Pamela, ii. 217. 
 
 PURELY, very well. 
 
 Well, he is kinder and kinder, and, thank 
 God, purely recovered. Richardson, Pamela, 
 ii. 56. 
 
 So, Mr. Eeynolds, if the ladies' prayers 
 are of any avail, you ought to be purely. 
 Miss Edgeworth, Absentee, ch. xvi. 
 
 " Lawk a' massey, Mr. Benjamin," cries a 
 stout motherly woman in a red cloak, as 
 they enter the field ; " be that you ? Well I 
 never, you do look purely. Hughes, Tom 
 Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. ii. 
 
 PURFLY, seamed (?), referring to the 
 marks on Johnson's face: purfled = 
 embroidered. 
 
 The pur fly, sand-blind lubber and blubber, 
 with his open mouth, and face of bruised 
 honey-comb ; yet already dominant, imperial, 
 irresistible. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 72. 
 
 PURGATORIAN, a believer in purgatory. 
 Mede (quoted by R. and L.) has the 
 word as an adjective purgatorial. 
 
 oswell. We see in Scripture that Dives 
 still retained an anxious concern about his 
 brethren. 
 
 Johnson. Why, sir, we must either suppose 
 that passage to be metaphorical, or hold, 
 with many divines and all Puryatorians, 
 that departed souls do not all at once arrive 
 at the utmost perfection of which they 
 are capable. Boswell, Life of Johnson, iii. 
 193. 
 
 PURKY WHEAT, apparently the same 
 as TURKEY WHEAT, q. v. 
 Maine wheat that is mixed with white and 
 
 with red, 
 
 Is next to the best in the market man's bed : 
 So Turkey or Purkey Wheat many doe loue, 
 Because it is flowrie, as others aboue. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 49. 
 
 PURL, to turn over. 
 
 They commonly paddle in companies of 
 three ; so that whenever one is purled, the 
 other two come on each side of him, each 
 takes a hand, and with amazing skill and 
 delicacy they reseat him in his cocked hat, 
 which never sinks, only purls. Reade, Never 
 too late to Mend, ch. xxxviii. 
 
 PURPOSEFUL; important ; material. 
 
 Of such rites in the Pacific islands the 
 most hideously purposeful accounts reach us 
 from the Fiji group. E. Tylor, Primitive 
 Culture, i. 459. 
 
 PURPURE, purple. 
 The ground that erst was yellow, greene, 
 
 and blew, 
 Is overclad with blood in purpure hew. 
 
 Hudson's Judith, v. 342. 
 
 PURSE-FULL, rich. 
 
 Dr. Percy's next difficulty was how to 
 supply the purse-full and purse-proud citizen 
 with motive and occupation. Miss Edge- 
 icorth, Patronage, ch. xix. 
 
 PURSE-LEECH, one who grasps at 
 money. 
 
 Whilst the king and his faithfuls retained 
 their places of dominion, we enjoyed such 
 golden days of peace and plenty, as we must 
 never see again, so long as you harpyes, you 
 sucking purse-leecJies, and your implements 
 be our masters.- firitish Bellman, 1643 
 (Harl. Misc.,vn. 625). 
 
 PuRSE-MiLKiNG/expensive ; extortion- 
 ate. Burton calls lawyers " a purse- 
 milking nation, a clamorous company,
 
 PURSE-PINCHED ( 526 ) 
 
 PUZZLEDOM 
 
 gowned vultures " (Democ. to Reader, 
 p. 49). 
 
 PURSE-PINCHED, poor. 
 Ladies and Lords, purse-pinched and soule- 
 
 pain'd, 
 
 Poore, Rich and all (rich in allblessednesse), 
 Blesse Him by whom yee haue till now re- 
 main 'd, 
 
 To tast these Tymes which yeeld sweet 
 joyes vnfain'd. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 14. 
 
 PDRSUMENT, pursuit. 
 
 The Spachies are horsemen, weaponed for 
 the most part at once with bow, mase, lance, 
 harquebush, and cymiter ; whereof they haue 
 the seuerall vses, agreeing with their fights, 
 their nights, or pursuments. Sandys, Travels, 
 p. 48. 
 
 PUSEYISM, a name given to the great 
 religious revival, now more commonly 
 spoken of as the Oxford movement. 
 " Great of course was my joy when in 
 the last days of 1833 he [Dr. Pusey] 
 showed a disposition to make common 
 cause with us. His Tract on fasting 
 appeared as one of the series with the 
 date of December 21. He was not, 
 however, I think, fully associated in 
 the movement till 1835 and 1836, when 
 he published his Tract on Baptism, and 
 started the Library of the Fathers. He 
 at once gave to us a position and a 
 name" (Newman, Apologia, p. 136). 
 
 Had there been no Coleridge, neither hae 
 this been, nor had English Puseyism, or some 
 other strange enough universal portents 
 been. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. II. ch. ii. 
 
 PUSHERY, pushing; forwardness. The 
 extract is from a letter of Mr.Twining's, 
 the translator of Aristotle's Poetics. 
 
 I actually asked for this dab of prefer- 
 ment ; it is the first piece of pushery I ever 
 was guilty of. Mad. D'Arbfay, Diary, iv. 
 45. 
 
 PUSS-GENTLEMAN, an effeminate man. 
 I cannot talk with civet in the room, 
 A fine puss-gentleman that's all perfume. 
 Cowper, Conversation, 284. 
 
 PUT, question, or thrust, as we some- 
 times say. 
 
 The dear creature, I doubted not, wanted 
 to instruct me how to answer the captain's 
 home put. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 316- 
 
 PUT-CASE, one who suggests or argues 
 hypothetical cases. Put-case was an 
 expression in our older writers = sup- 
 pose. 
 
 He used to say that no man could be a 
 
 good lawyer that was not & put-case. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, i. 20. 
 
 PUTE, a word that seems always to 
 be joined with "pure," and to have 
 much the same meaning. 
 
 Arminius . . . acknowledges faith to be 
 the pure pute gift of God. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 x. 482. 
 
 Pure, Pute Italians preferred in England 
 transmitted the gain they got . . into their 
 own country. Fuller, Worthies, York (ii. 
 540). 
 
 Dangerfield had the honour to be a single 
 discoverer of a pure and pute sham-plot, name 
 and thing, and was concerned in nothing else ; 
 which stamped that famous title upon his 
 performance, from whence the very word sham 
 was taken, to serve in the English language 
 with like propriety as i//Eu<5o in the Greek. 
 North, Examen, p. 256. 
 
 That cause . . was pure and pute factions. 
 Ibid., p. 527. 
 
 PUT FAIR FOR, to be in a fair way of 
 attaining to bid fair for is the more 
 usual phrase. 
 
 And he had put fair for it, had not death 
 prevented him, by which his life and projects 
 were cut off together. Heylin, Hist, of the 
 Presbyterians, p. 130. 
 
 PUTIDNESS, putridity. 
 
 High-tasted sawces made with garlick or 
 onions, purposely applied to tainted meats, 
 to make their putidness less perceptible. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 199. 
 
 PUTT, stake or scheme? something 
 
 put out ? 
 
 2nd Stockbroker. Are you a bull or a bear to- 
 day, Abraham ? 
 
 3rd Stockbroker. A bull faith ; but I have a 
 good putt for next week. 
 
 Centlivre, Bold Stroke for a Wife, iv. 1. 
 
 PUTTYER, one who works with putty ; 
 a glazier. 
 
 There are some cracked old houses where 
 the painters and plumbers and pvttyers are 
 always at work. Tliackeray, Lovel the 
 Widower, ch. ii. 
 
 PUT-UP. See quotation. 
 
 " Well, master," said Blathers ..." this 
 warn't a put-up thing." " And what the 
 devil's & put-up thing? " demanded the doctor 
 impatiently. " We call it a put-up robbery, 
 ladies," said Blathers, turning to them as if 
 he pitied their ignorance, but had a contempt 
 for the doctor's, " when the servants is in it." 
 Dickens, Oliver Tirist, ch. xxzi. 
 
 PUZZLEDOM, bewilderment. 
 
 I was resolved to travel with him into the 
 land of puzdedom. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 vi. 367.
 
 PYCKARDE 
 
 ( 527 ) QUADRUPEDISM 
 
 Mark Armsworth poured a libation to the 
 goddess of puzzledom in the shape of a glass 
 of port.Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. xxvi. 
 
 PYCKARDE. See quotation. 
 
 A yonge man of Estsexe called Thomas 
 was comminge and goynge, which for his 
 maister's aff ayres into Scotlande had hyred a 
 small ship, there called npyckarde. Vocacyon 
 of Johan Bale, 1553 (Hart. Misc., vi. 455). 
 
 PYMPER, pamper, coddle. 
 
 Good mistress Statham . . seeing what case 
 I was in, hath fetched me home to her own 
 house, and doth pymper me up with all 
 diligence, for I fear a consumption. Latimer, 
 ii. 386. 
 
 PYROBALLOGY, treatise ^or discourse 
 on casting fire. 
 
 He was enabled by the help of . . Gobesius's 
 military architecture and pyroballoyy, trans- 
 lated from the Flemish, to form his discourse 
 with passable perspicuity. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, 
 i. 180. 
 
 PYROLATOR, a fire worshipper. 
 
 The fire [was rejected] as having too near 
 an analogy to the religion of the pyrolators. 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. VIII., note. 
 
 PYTHONIST, a masculine of Pythoness; 
 perhaps Caiaphas is so called in refer- 
 ence to St. John xi. 51. 
 See the conjuring, proud, remorceless Priest 
 Rend, in full rage, (too like a furious fiend) 
 The pompous vestures of this Pithonist, 
 "When Christ doth (vrg'd) aright His cause 
 
 defend. 
 
 Dairies, Holy Roode, p. 7. 
 
 Q 
 
 QUACKING TITLES. See quotation. 
 
 He has an admirable knack at quacking 
 titles ; perhaps you may not know what that 
 is, sir ; but for my part I do not, I confess, 
 understand it, but they tell me when he gets 
 an old good-for-nothing book, he claps a 
 new title to it, and sells off the whole im- 
 pression in a week. Centlivre, A Gotham 
 Election, 
 
 QUACKLE, to choke ; also, to quack : 
 the word being in each sense onoma- 
 topceous. See quotation s. v. SKRIGGLE. 
 
 As he was drinking, the drink, or some- 
 thing in the cup, quackled him, stuck so in 
 his throat that he could not get it up nor 
 down, but strangled him presently. Ward, 
 Sermons, p. 153. 
 
 Simple ducks in those royal waters quackle 
 for crumbs from young royal fingers. Car- 
 lylt, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 QUADRIMANOUS, f our-handed : usually 
 written quadrumanous, and applied to 
 a class of animals which includes apes 
 and monkeys. In the extract a com- 
 parison between these and some of the 
 revolutionary demagogues is implied. 
 
 Hence arises the complexional disposition 
 of some of your guides to pull everything in 
 pieces. At this malicious game they dis- 
 play the whole of their quadrimanous ac- 
 tivity. Burke on Fr. Rev., p. 139. 
 
 QUADRISYLLABLE, a word of four 
 syllables. 
 
 A distinction without a difference could 
 not sustain itself ; and both alike disguised 
 their emptiness under this pompous quadri- 
 syllable. All words are suspicious, there is 
 
 an odour of fraud about them, which being 
 concerned with common things are so base 
 as to stretch out to four syllables. De Quin- 
 cey, Roman Meals. 
 
 QUADRIVIOUS, in four ways : the Diets, 
 give quadrivial. 
 
 This speedily bred a small but numerous 
 vermin. "VYhen the cheese was so rotten 
 with them that only the twigs and string 
 kept it from tumbling to pieces and walking 
 off quadrimous, it came to table. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. niv. 
 
 QUADRUPEDAL, pertaining to a quad- 
 ruped ; four-footed ; also as a substan- 
 tive = quadruped. The speaker in 
 the second extract is supposed to be a 
 man who has been turned into an otter. 
 
 Morphandra hath been pleased to promise 
 me the favor as to turn you into Man again, 
 if you have a mind to it ; and from that 
 groveling quadrupedal shape to make you an 
 erect and a rational creture once again. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 6. 
 
 My bloud, in statu quo nunc be observed, I 
 confess to be the coldest of any quadrupedals, 
 Ibid., p. 11. 
 
 QUADRUPEDATED, turned into quadru- 
 peds ; turned into beasts. 
 
 Spotted we were, and nothing but naked- 
 ness was left to cover us, ... quadrupedated 
 with an earthly, stooping, grovelling covet- 
 ousness. Adams, i. 399. 
 
 QOADRUPEDISM, the condition of a 
 quadruped. 
 
 Among the Mahometans also quadruped- 
 ism is not considered an obstacle to a certain
 
 QU^EDAM 
 
 ( 528 ) QUARTER-SO YS 
 
 kind of canonisation. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. cxcix. 
 
 QU2EDAM, loose women. 
 
 He killed tip the deer of the park ; settles 
 in Bugden-House for three summers with a 
 seraglia of Quadam, sells an organ that cost 
 12W. at WL Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 
 128. 
 
 QUAFF, a draught. 
 Easni, now Alvida begins her quaff, 
 And drinks a full carouse unto her king. 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, p. 141. 
 
 QUAFFTIDE, time of drinking. 
 
 Quaftyde aproacheth, 
 
 And showts in nighttyme doo ringe in loftye 
 Cithaeron. Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 314. 
 
 QUAITE. 
 Nothing but earth to earth, no pompous 
 
 weight 
 Upon him, but a pibble or a quaite. 
 
 Bp. Corbet, Iter Boreale. 
 
 QUAKERISH, somewhat quaker-like. 
 
 Don't address me as if I were a beauty ; I 
 am your plain Quakerish governess. C. 
 ronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxiv. 
 
 Her rippling hair, covered by a quakerish 
 net-cap, was chiefly grey. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. xviii. 
 
 QUAKY, shaky. 
 
 Poor old Twoshoes is so old and toothless 
 and quaky that she can't sing a bit. Thack- 
 eray, Roundabout Papers, xxix. 
 
 QUALM, to feel faint or ill ; in the 
 second quotation it = make sick. 
 
 Let Jesse's sov'reign flow'r perfume my 
 qualming breast. Quarles, Emblems, v. 2. 
 
 Solicitude discomposes the head, jealousy 
 the heart ; envy qualms on his bowels, pro- 
 digality on his purse. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 560. 
 
 QUAMIER, quavemire or quagmire. 
 If earth be not soft, 
 Go dig it aloft. 
 For quamier get bootes, 
 Stub alders and rootes. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 75. 
 
 QUANDARY, to hesitate. Both R. and 
 L. quote "I am quandaried" from 
 Otway. 
 
 He quandaries whether to go forward to 
 God, or, with Demas, to turn back to the 
 world. Adams, i. 505. 
 
 QUAQUINER, a fish : it is Bailey's 
 translation of aranei piscis. 
 
 There is a little fish in the form of a scor- 
 pion, and of the size of the fish quaquiner. 
 Bailey's Erasmus's Colloq., p. 393. 
 
 QUAR, object of pursuit ; quarry. 
 
 The falcon (stooping thunder-like) 
 "With suddain souse her to the soyl shal 
 
 strike, 
 And with the stroak make on the senseless 
 
 ground 
 
 The gut-les quar once, twice, or thrice re- 
 bound. Sylvester, The Lawe, 643. 
 
 QUARELET. little square. 
 Some ask'd how pearls did grow, and where, 
 
 Then spoke I to my girle 
 To part her lips, and shew'd them there 
 
 The quarelets of pearl. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 22. 
 
 QUAR-MAN, quarry-man. 
 The sturdy quar-man with steel-headed cones, 
 And massive sledges sleuteth out the stones. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 1110. 
 
 QUARRELSOMENESS, habit of quarrel- 
 ing, or disposition to quarrel. Thack- 
 eray seems to think the word wants 
 an apology, but the Diets, illustrate it 
 from Bp. Hall and Geo. Herbert. 
 
 Even among these Stygians this envy 
 and quarrelsomeness (if you will permit me 
 the word) survive. Thackeray, lloundabout 
 Papers, xxviii. 
 
 QUARRENDER, a species of apple. 
 He . . . had no ambition whatsoever beyond 
 pleasing his father and mother, getting by 
 honest means the maximum of red quar- 
 renders and mazard cherries, and going to 
 sea when he was big enough. Kinysley, 
 Westward Ho, ch. i. 
 
 QUARRIER, a quarryman. 
 
 The men of Rome, which were the con- 
 querors of all nations about them, were now 
 of warriors become quarriers, hewers of stone 
 and day laborers. Holland, Livy, p. 35. 
 
 QUARRON, body : a cant term. See 
 H. s. v. quarromes. 
 Here's pannum and lap, and good poplars of 
 
 Yarrum, 
 To fill up the crib, and to comfort the 
 
 quarron. Broome, Jovial Cretr, Act II. 
 
 QUARTER. See extract. De Quincey 
 suggests, " as the origin of this term, 
 the French word cartayer, to manoeuvre 
 so as to evade the ruts." 
 
 The postillion (for so were all carriages 
 then driven) was employed, not by fits aud 
 starts, but eternally, in quartering i. e. in 
 crossing from side to side according to the 
 casualties of the ground. Autob. Sketches, 
 i. 298. 
 
 QUARTER-BOYS, the chimes of a clock 
 that strike the quarters. 
 
 Their quarter-boys and their chimes were 
 designed for this moral purpose as much as 
 the memento which is so commonly seen
 
 QUAR1EROON ( 529 ) 
 
 QUEENDOM 
 
 upon aii old clock face, and so seldom upon 
 a new one. Southey, The Doctor, ch. x.xix. 
 
 QUAKTEROON, quadroon ; one with 
 fourth part of black blood. 
 
 Your pale-white Creoles have their griev- 
 ances : and your yellow Quarteroons ? . . . 
 Quarteroon Og6 . . felt for his share too that 
 insurrection was the most sacred of duties. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. iv. 
 
 QUARTER STROKE, a blow with a 
 quarter-staff. 
 
 If preachers and spiritual! ministers be 
 suche, where be we when we come to hand- 
 gripes? They must not only florishe, but 
 they must know their quarter strookes, and 
 the waye how to defend their head. Ayl- 
 mer, Harborouyh for faithful subjects, 1559 
 (Maitland on Reformation, p. 216). 
 
 QUARTODECIMAN, one who maintained 
 that Easter was to be celebrated on the 
 14th day of the moon in March, what- 
 ever day of the week that might happen 
 to be. 
 
 Victor, Bishop of Kome, . . in the case of 
 Easter grew so zealously exasperated against 
 the Greek and Eastern Churches as Quarto- 
 decimans that he thought them worthy to 
 be excommunicated. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 660. 
 
 QOASHEY, a pumpkin. 
 
 "With regard to these said quasheys, . . . 
 the best way of dressing them is to stew 
 them in cream. Southey, Letters, iii. 391 
 (1823). 
 
 QUATCH, a word. H. gives it as a 
 Berkshire word. 
 
 Noe ; not a qucttch, sad poets ; doubt you 
 There is not greife enough without you ? 
 Up. Corbet, Elegy on Death of Q. Anne. 
 
 QUATORZAIN, a poem or stanza of 
 fourteen lines ; a sonnet. 
 
 Put out your rushlights, you poets and 
 rhymers ! and bequeath your crazed quator- 
 zains to the chandlers. Nashe, 1591 (Eng. 
 Garner, i. 499). 
 
 QUAVE, quake. 
 
 . . . the waterish Fenne below 
 Those ground-workes laid with Stone uneath 
 
 coulde beare 
 
 (So quaviny soft and moist the Bases were). 
 Holland's Camden, p. 530. 
 
 QUEACHY, wet ; washy (see N.), and 
 so helpless. 
 
 I'n got no daughter o' my own ne'er had 
 one an' I warna sorry, for they're poor 
 queechy things, gells is. G. Eliot, Adam 
 JJede, ch. x. 
 
 QUEAZEN, to sicken ; make queasy. 
 
 The spirable odor and pestilent steame . . 
 would have queazened him. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stujfe (Harl. Misc., vi. 173). 
 
 QUECKSHOES, kickshaws. Cf. QUELK- 
 
 SHOES. 
 
 Hath not (I beseech you) this English 
 world, Prince and Peasant, Pastors and Peo- 
 ple, great and small, had enough both in 
 cities and in villages of these late Hashshes, 
 Olives, and Queckshoes of Religion ? Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 204. 
 
 QDEEN ANNE is DEAD = stale news. 
 The first extract, in which Bp. Corbet 
 satirizes the numerous elegies on Anne 
 of Denmark, Queen of James I., might 
 lead us to suppose that the saying re- 
 ferred to her rather than to her great 
 grand-daughter; but in Swift's Polite 
 Conversation, which was written about 
 1710, though not published for some 
 years after, Queen Elizabeth is the 
 sovereign whose demise is classed 
 among things generally known. The 
 extract from Richardson may have 
 some connection with the saying ; this 
 at least may have led him to use Queen 
 Elizabeth's reign as a synonym for 
 antiquity. 
 
 Noe ; not a quatch, sad poets ; doubt you 
 There is not greife enough without you ? 
 Or that it will asswage ill uewes 
 To say, Shee's dead that was your muse ? 
 p. Corbet, Elegy on Death of Q. Anne. 
 
 Lady Sm. Pray, what news, Mr. Neverout ? 
 Nev. News ? Why, madam, Queen Eliza- 
 beth's dead. Polite Conv. (Conv. i.). 
 
 We will leave the modern world to them- 
 selves, and be Queen Elizabeth's women. 
 Richardson, Grandison, i. 296. 
 
 Lord Brougham, it appears, isn't dead, 
 though Queen Anne is. Ingoldsby Let/ends, 
 Account of a New Play. 
 
 " He was my grandfather's man, and served 
 him in the wars of Queen Anne," interposed 
 Mr. Warrington. On which my lady cried 
 petulantly, " Oh Lord, Queen Anne's dead, I 
 suppose, and we ain't a going iuto mourning 
 for her." Thackeray, Virginians, ch. Ixxiii. 
 
 QUEEN-CRAFT, art of ruling as a 
 queen. King-craft was a favourite 
 expression of James I. 
 
 She [Q. Elizabeth] was well skilled in the 
 Queen-craft. Fuller, Worthies, Kent (i. 490). 
 
 QUEENDOM, queenly condition or 
 character. 
 
 Where, O Juno, is the glory 
 Of thy regal look and tread ? 
 Will they lay for evermore thee 
 On thy dim, straight, golden bed ? 
 M M
 
 QUEENES 
 
 ( 53) 
 
 QUERL 
 
 Will thy qutendom all lie hid 
 Meekly under either lid ? 
 
 Mrs. Browning, The Dead Pan. 
 
 QUEENES GILLIFLOWERS, explained in 
 Messrs. Payne and Herrtage's Glossary 
 to Tusser (E. D. S.) to be "the Dame's 
 Violet, also called Rogue's or Winter 
 Gilliflower. Hesperis matronalis" 
 They are mentioned by Tusser among 
 " herbes, branches, and flowers for 
 windowes and pots " (p. 96). 
 
 QUEENHOOD, queenliness. 
 Low bow'd the tributary Priuce, and she, 
 Sweetly and statelily, and with all grace 
 Of womanhood and queenhood, answer'd him. 
 Tennyson, Geraint and Enid. 
 
 QUEENITES, partisans of Queen Caro- 
 line, wife of George IV. 
 
 He thought small beer at that time of 
 some very great patriots and Queenites. 
 Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter xvi. 
 
 QUEENLET, petty queen. 
 
 In Prussia there is a Philosophe King, in 
 Russia a Philosophe Empress ; the whole 
 North swarms with kinglets and queenlets of 
 the like temper. Nay, as we have seen, they 
 entertain their special ambassador in Philo- 
 sophedom, their lion's provider to furnish 
 special Philosophe - provender. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iii. 216. 
 
 QUEEN' S-GAME, some game at tables. 
 Here Love at tick-tack plaies, or at Queen's- 
 
 game, 
 
 But Irish hates for hauing tricks too blame. 
 Davies, Wittes Pilyrimaye, p. 32. 
 
 QUEER, to ridicule ; sneer at (siang). 
 A shoulder-knotted Puppy, with a grin, 
 Queering the threadbare Curate, let him in. 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 144. 
 
 QUEER CUFFIN, a magistrate : thieves' 
 cunt. See quotation from Broome s. v. 
 
 RUFFIN. 
 
 "Go away," I heard her say, "there's a 
 dear man," and then something about a 
 " queer cuffin," that's a justice in these cant- 
 ers' thieves' Latin. Kingsley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 QUEERER, a hoaxer or ridiculer. 
 'Twould be most tedious to describe 
 The common-place of this facetious tribe, 
 These wooden wits, these Quizzers, Queerers, 
 
 Smokers, 
 These practical nothing-so-easy Jokers. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 150. 
 
 QUEERISH, rather queer ; in a bad 
 way. 
 
 This happy event gave his Majesty leisure 
 to turn his attention to Scotland, where 
 things, through the intervention of William 
 
 Wallace, were looking rather queerish. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Grey Dolphin}. 
 
 " You Englishmen go to work in a queerish 
 kind of way," said he ; " you send a parcel 
 of soldiers to live on an island where none 
 but sailors can be of use." Marryat, Frank 
 Mildmay, ch. xx. 
 
 QUEER STREET. To be in Queer 
 Street to be in bad circumstances of 
 some sort : illness, debt, &c. 
 
 " I'll tell you what, sir," said the Major, . . 
 " a fair friend of ours has removed to Queer 
 Street." "What do you mean, Major?" 
 inquired Mr. Dombey. " I mean to say, 
 Dombey," returned the Major, " that you'll 
 soon be an orphan-in-law ; . . . your' wife's 
 mother is on the move." Dickens, Dombey 
 and Son, ch. xl. 
 
 I am very high in Queer Street just now, 
 ma'am, having paid your bills before I left 
 town. Kingsley, Tico Years Ago, ch. xiv. 
 
 QUELK-CHOSE, kickshaw. 
 For Time now swels (as with some poysonous 
 
 weede) 
 With paper Quelk-chose, never smelt in 
 
 Scholes. Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 5. 
 
 QUELL, weapon. In Macbeth, I. vii. 
 it signifies murder. 
 
 Awfully he stands, 
 
 A sovereign quell is in his waving hands : 
 No sight can bear the lightning of his bow. 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. ii. 
 
 QUENCH, extinction. See also Iliad, 
 xxi. 511, &c. 
 
 A harmful fire let run, 
 
 none came 
 To give it quench. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xix. 363. 
 
 QUENCH-COAL. 
 
 Zeal hath in this our earthly mould little 
 fuel, much quench-coal ; is hardly fired, soon 
 cooled. Ward, Sermons, p. 71. 
 
 Yet this is not so ordinary as to extinguish 
 it [zeal] by the quench-coal of sin. Ibid., p. 
 84. 
 
 Prynne follows next, and publisheth two 
 books at once (or one immediately on the 
 other), one of these called The Quenc/t-coal, in 
 answer unto that called A coal from the 
 Altar. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 328. 
 
 QUERISTER, questioner. 
 
 Direct enough was this answer after 
 Christ's single doctrine, but not after the 
 pope r s double and covetous meanings for 
 his oiled querister's advantage. Bale, Select 
 Works, p. 199. 
 
 QUERL, hand-mill ; perhaps misprint 
 for quern. 
 
 Pisones wer surnamed a pisendo, of grind- 
 ing with a querle, because it was their in- 
 ueucion. UdaPs Erasmus's Apophih., p. 338.
 
 QUERULATION ( 53' ) 
 
 QUI-HI 
 
 QUERULATION, complaint. ' 
 Will not these mournings, menaces, queru- 
 lations, stir your hearts ? Adams, i. 349. 
 
 QUEST-DOVE, ring-dove. Queests are 
 also mentioned among the birds served 
 up at Grandgousier's banquet (Bk. I. 
 ch. xxxvii.). 
 
 Panurge halved and fixed upon a great 
 stake the horns of a roe-buck, together with 
 the skin and the right forefoot thereof, . . . 
 the wings of two bustards, the feet of four 
 quest-doves, . . . and a goblet of Beauvois. 
 Urquhai-fs Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxvii. 
 
 QUESTWORD, a bequeathment. 
 The legacies or quest word of the deceased 
 supplied the rest. Archaol., x. 197 (1792). 
 
 QUEUE, to fasten in a queue or pig- 
 tail. 
 
 The sons in short, square-skirted coats, 
 with rows of stupendous brass buttons, and 
 their hair generally queued in the fashion 
 of the times. Irviny, Sketch-Book (Sleepy 
 Hollow). 
 
 QUEW, cue. 
 
 At the third time the great door openeth, 
 for he shut in one before of purpose to open 
 it when his quew came. Calf hill, Anticer to 
 Martiall, p. 209. 
 
 QUICKSANDY, having quicksands. 
 
 The rotten, moorish, quicksandy grounds 
 that some have set their edifices on have 
 failed their hopes. Adams, i. 358. 
 
 QUICK-WOOD, quickset. 
 
 [He] in a pond in the said close, adjoining 
 to a quick-wood hedge, did drown his wife. 
 Aubrey, Misc., p. 101. 
 
 QUIDDANY. L., who supplies no ex- 
 ample, gives the word as meaning 
 " marmalade, a confection of quinces 
 made with sugar : " and N. has " Quid- 
 danet, a confection between a syrup 
 and marmalade. Duntoris Ladies' 
 Diet." 
 
 Boyl the syrup, until it be as thick as for 
 quiddany. Queen's Closet Opened, p. 204 
 (1655). 
 
 QUIDDELL, to criticise ; the speaker 
 asks a clown, who is boasting of his 
 bass voice, to sing. See next entry. 
 
 Set up your buffing base, and we will 
 quiddell upon it. Edwards, Damon and 
 Pitheas (Dodsley, O. PL, i. 279). 
 
 QUIDDLE, a fidget (?). 
 
 The Englishman is very petulant and pre- 
 cise about his accommodation at inns, and on 
 the roads ; a quiddle about his toast and his 
 chop. Enwrson, Eng. Traits, ch. vi. 
 
 QUIDIFICAL, triflingly subtle. 
 
 Diogenes, mocking soch quidificall trifles 
 that were al in the cherubins, said, Sir Plato, 
 your table and your cuppe I see very well, 
 but as for your tabletee and your cupitee I 
 see none soche. Vdal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 139. 
 
 QUID PRO QUO, an equivalent. This 
 Latin phrase may be regarded as na- 
 turalised. 
 
 Let him trap me in gold, and I'll lap him 
 in lead ; quid pro quo. Middleton, A Mad 
 World, My Masters, Act II. 
 
 And at the morning's breakfast table, 
 I doubt not but I shall be able 
 With all fair reas'ning to bestow 
 What you will find a quid pro quo ; 
 Which I translate for Madam, there, 
 A Rowland for your Oliver. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. iii. 
 
 QUIEN, a dog (thieves' cant). 
 
 Curse these quiens, said he ; and not a 
 word all dinner time but Curse the quiens. 
 I said I must know who they were before I 
 would curse them. Quiens ? why, that was 
 dogs ; and I knew not even that much. 
 Eeadc, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Iv. 
 
 QUIETEN, to quiet. 
 
 I will stay, . . partly to quieten the fears 
 of this poor faithful fellow. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Euth, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 QUIETISM, quiet. The Diets, only 
 give it as meaning the system of the 
 religious body called Quietists. 
 
 He would no doubt have preferred receiv- 
 ing me alone, had he not feared that the 
 thoughtlessness of my years might some- 
 times make me overstep the limits of quiet- 
 ism which he found necessary. Godirin, 
 Mandeville, i. 110. 
 
 QUIETIZE, to make quiet ; to calm. 
 
 Solitude, and patience, and religion, have 
 now quietized both father and daughter into 
 tolerable contentment. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, v. 271. 
 
 QUI-HI, an English resident or official 
 in Bengal, from the Hindustani *o7, any 
 one, and Jiai, is ; Is there any one ? 
 being the form used for calling a serv- 
 ant. Many more servants are required 
 in Bengal than in the other two pre- 
 sidencies, the influence of caste being 
 so much stronger there ; hence Madras 
 and Bombay people call the Bengalese 
 officials Qui-his. 
 
 The old boys, the old generals, the old 
 colonels, the old qui-his from the club came 
 and paid her their homage. Thackeray, 
 NeiKcomes, ch. Ixii. 
 
 M M 2
 
 QUILL 
 
 ( 532 ) 
 
 QUI-VIVE 
 
 QUILL. To be under the quill to 
 be written about. 
 
 The subject which is now under the quill 
 is the Bishop of Lincoln. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 28. 
 
 QUILLET. N. s. v. remarks that Mr. 
 Pegge says that this word means ' ' a 
 small parcel of land, but gives no au- 
 thority for it except Minshew, who 
 says nothing of the land." Halliwell 
 and Wright add that the word is " very 
 common in Anglesea in the present 
 day, signifying a small strip of land in 
 the middle of another person's field, 
 commonly marked out by boundary 
 stones, and arising from the tenure of 
 gavelkind formerly in force there." 
 
 " Suffolk Stiles." It is a measuring cast 
 whether this Proverb pertaineth to Essex or 
 this County ; and I believe it belongeth to 
 both, which, being inclosed Countries into 
 petty quillets, abound with high Stiles. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Suffolk (ii. 326). 
 
 QUILL-MAN, a writer : the reed on 
 which weavers wind their heads for 
 the shuttle is called a quil. See H. 
 
 And next observe how this alliance fits, 
 For weavers now are just as poor as wits : 
 Their brother quill -men, workers for the 
 
 stage, 
 
 For sorry stuffe can get a crown a page ; 
 But weavers will be kinder to the players, 
 And sell, for twenty pence, a yard of theirs. 
 Sim ft, Epilogue to a Play for benefit of 
 Irish weavers. 
 
 QUILTED, stuffed (?) 
 
 He sat with me while I had two quilted 
 pigeons, very handsome and good meat. 
 Pepys, Sept. 26, 1663. 
 
 QUINZE, a game of cards somewhat 
 similar to vingt-un, only 15 is the game. 
 
 There were silver-pharaoh and whist for 
 the ladies that did not dance ; deep basset 
 and ffutnze for the men. Walpole to Mann, 
 ii. 253 (1748). 
 
 Gambling the whole morning in the Alley, 
 and sitting down at night to quinze and 
 hazard at St. James's. Colman, Man of 
 Business, Act IV. 
 
 QUIPPER, jester ; quibbler. 
 
 And here, peraduenture, some desperate 
 quipper will cauuaze my proposed compari- 
 son. Nashe, Introd. to Greene's Menaphon, 
 p. 14. 
 
 QUIRACE, cuirass. 
 
 For all their bucklers, morions, and quiraces 
 Were of no proofe against their peisant 
 maces. Hudson, Judith, v. 365. 
 
 QUIRILY, revolvingly. H. has "quirle 
 wind, a whirlwind." 
 
 Soom doe slise out collops on spits yeet 
 quirilye trembling. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 219. 
 
 QUISTRON. R. quotes for this Chaucer, 
 Rom. of Rose, 886, and says, " Mr. Tyr- 
 whitt thinks a scullion, un guerdon de 
 cuisine: perhaps, as Urry supposed, 
 a beggar, from the Fr. Quistrer, to ask, 
 to beg." It may be useful to cite 
 another example for this word. Dido, 
 in her indignation at the departure of 
 ^Eneas, says 
 
 Fro the shoare late a runnygat hedgebrat, 
 A tarbreeche quystroune dyd I take, with 
 phrensye betrasshed. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 393. 
 
 QUITCH, couchgrass. L. has quitch- 
 grass. 
 
 Full seldom doth a man repent, or use 
 Both grace and will to pick the vicious quitch 
 Of blood and custom wholly out of him. 
 Tennyson, Geraint and Enid. 
 
 QUITS, fair, not in debt. Double or 
 quit (quits is more common) = that 
 the loser of a wager should have a 
 chance of wiping out the score against 
 him ; but if his luck is again bad, that 
 he should pay double. 
 
 He has one ransom with him already ; 
 methinks 'twere good to fight double or quit. 
 Beaum. and Fl., King and no King, iii. 1. 
 
 Lady F. So, you see. I am importuned by 
 the women as well as the men. 
 
 Bel. (aside). And she's quits with them 
 both. Vanbruyh, Provoked Wife, iii. 1. 
 
 There are four guineas, you know, that 
 came out of my good lady's pocket when she 
 died, that with some silver my master gave 
 me, ... do you think, as I had no wages, I 
 may be supposed to be quits ? By quits I 
 cannot mean that my poor services should be 
 equal to my lady's goodness, for that's im- 
 possible. But ... I would ask whether . . . 
 I may not have earned, besides my keeping, 
 these four guineas. Richardson, Pamela, i. 
 100. 
 
 QUITTURE, discharge; issue. See 
 also Iliad, xxiv. 374. 
 
 Still drink thou wine, and eat, 
 Till fair-hair'd Hecamed hath giv'ii a little 
 
 water-heat 
 To cleanse the quitture from thy wound. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xiv. 7. 
 
 QUIVERISH, tremulous. 
 Then furth with a quiverish horror. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 30. 
 
 QUI-VIVE, the challenge of the Frenrh 
 sentries = who goes there? hence to 
 be on the qui vive = to be on the alert ;
 
 QUIXOTE 
 
 ( 533 ) 
 
 QUOZ 
 
 the expression is naturalised among 
 us : in the extract, however, it is in 
 italics. 
 
 Our new King Log we cannot complain of 
 
 as too young, or too much ou the qui-vive. 
 
 Miss Edyeworth, Patronaye, ch. viii. 
 
 QUIXOTE, to act like Don Quixote. 
 
 "When you have got the devil in your body, 
 aud are upon your rantipole adventures, you 
 shall Quixote it by yourself for Lopez. 
 Vanbruyh, False Friend, IF. 2. 
 
 Quiz, to ridicule. 
 
 This is the gentleman who once actually 
 sent a messenger up to the Strangers' gallery 
 in the old House of Commons, to inquire the 
 name of an individual who was using an eye- 
 glass, in order that he might complain to the 
 Speaker that the person in question was 
 quizzing him. Sketches by Boz (Parliament- 
 ai-y Sketch], 
 
 Quiz. L. gives this word as = one 
 who tries to make another ridiculous, a 
 banterer ; it also signifies one who is 
 himself absurd, or a subject for quiz- 
 zing. In the second extract it is one 
 of George III.'s daughters who uses 
 the word which, as Mad. D'Arblay re- 
 marks, would not have been employed 
 by Queen Charlotte. 
 
 Dick. "What a damn'd gig you look like. 
 
 Pant/loss. A gig ! Umph ; that's an Eton 
 phrase the "Westminsters call it quiz. Col- 
 man, Heir at Law, iv. 3. 
 
 'Twas the Queen dressed her; you know 
 what a figure she used to make of herself 
 with her odd manner of dressing herself; 
 but mamma said, " Now really, Princess 
 Royal, this one time is the last, and I cannot 
 suffer you to make such a quiz of yourself." 
 . . . The word guiz, you may depend, was 
 never the Queen's. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 vi. 138 (1797). 
 
 Young ladies have a remarkable way of 
 letting you know that they think you a 
 " quiz," without saying the word. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xxi. 
 
 QUIZICAL, ridiculous ; perhaps in the 
 second extract it quizzing. 
 
 I believe you have taken such a fancy to 
 the old quizical fellow that you can't live 
 without him. Miss Edyeworth, Belinda, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 How many fugitive leaves quizzical, imag- 
 inative, or at least mendacious, were flying 
 about in newspapers. Carlyle, Diamond 
 Necklace, ch. xvi. 
 
 QUIZZIFICATION, joke; hoax. 
 
 After all, my dear, the whole may be a 
 quizzification of Sir Philip's. Miss Edye- 
 icorth, Belinda, ch. xi. 
 
 QUIZZIFY, to make odd or ridiculous. 
 
 The caxon quizzifies the figure, and thereby 
 mars the effect of what would otherwise 
 have been a pleasing as well as appropriate 
 design. Soitthey, Tlie Doctor, ch. cxii. 
 
 QUIZZINESS, eccentricity. 
 
 His singularities and affectation of affecta- 
 tion always struck me : but both these and 
 his spirit of satire are mere quizziness; his 
 mind is all solid benevolence and worth. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 187. 
 
 QUODDLE, to parboil. See L. s. v. 
 coddle. L. gives quoddle as a verb 
 neuter, with extract from Stillingfleet, 
 who speaks of " a duck quoddling in a 
 pool." 
 
 Take your pippins green and quoddle them 
 in fair water, but let the water boyl first be- 
 fore you put them in. Queen's Closet Opened, 
 p. 204 (1655). 
 
 QUODLIBETIC, given to niceties and 
 subtle points. 
 
 How partial are the principles of some 
 Protestant Preachers, of some Quodliletick 
 Presbyters ! Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 681. 
 
 QUORUM, materials or requisites ; a 
 peculiar use of the word. 
 
 Here the Dutchmen found fuller's earth, 
 a precious treasure, whereof England hath 
 (if not more) better than all Christendom 
 besides ; a great commodity of the quorum 
 to the making of good cloath. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., III. ix. 12. 
 
 QUOTABILITY, fitness for quotation. 
 
 It is the prosaicism of these two writers 
 [Cowper and Moore] to which is owing their 
 especial quotability. E. A. Foe, Maryinalia, 
 xxviii. 
 
 QUOTATIONIPOTENT, powerful in quo- 
 tation. 
 
 You with your errabund guesses veering 
 to all points of the literary compass, amused 
 the mauy - humoured, yet single - minded, 
 Pantagruelist, the quotationipotent mottocrat. 
 Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter xiii. 
 
 Quoz, quiz ; it seems to be both a 
 singular and plural noun. 
 
 "What does the old quoz mean? does he 
 want me to toss him in a blanket? Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. VII. ch. ix. 
 
 " Upon my honour," cried Lynmere piqued, 
 " the quoz of the present season are beyond 
 what a man could have hoped to see." 
 " Quoz ! what's quoz ? " he replied. ' Why, 
 it's a thing there's no explaining to you sort 
 of gentlemen ; and sometimes we say quiz, 
 my good old sir." Ibid., Bk. VII. ch. xiii.
 
 RABBET-STOCK ( 534 ) RAFFAELESQUE 
 
 RABBET - STOCK, a joiner's tool for 
 cutting rabbets or joists. See extract 
 s. v. CLAVE-STOCK. 
 
 RABBIT, to ferret for rabbits. 
 
 She liked keeping the score at cricket, and 
 coming to look at them fishing or rabbiting 
 in her walks. Hughes, Tom Uroicn at Oxford, 
 ch. xxx. 
 
 RABBIT, a small boat (?) 
 
 Ned Finch t'other day, on the conquest of 
 Montreal, wished the king joy of having lost 
 no subjects but those that perished in the 
 rabbits. Fitzroy asked him if he thought 
 they crossed the great American lakes in 
 such little boats as one goes in to Vauxhall : 
 he replied, " Yes, Mr. Pitt said the rabbits" 
 it was in the falls, the rapids. Walpole, 
 Letters, ii. 191 (1760). 
 
 RABBLE, low, vulgar, pertaining to 
 the rabble or mob. 
 
 How could any one of English education 
 and prattique swallow such a low rabble 
 suggestion ? ]\'orth, Exatnen, p. 306. 
 
 RABIOUS, raging, fierce. 
 
 Ethelred languishing in minde and body, 
 Edmond his sonne surnamed Ironside, (to 
 oppose youth to youth) was imployed against 
 this rubious inuador. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., 
 p. 15. 
 
 RACE. See quotation. 
 
 The Spanish fashion, in the West Indies 
 at least, though not in the ships of the 
 great Armada, was, for the sake of carrying 
 merchandise, to build their men-of-war flush- 
 decked, or, as it was called, race (razes), which 
 left those on deck exposed and open. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. xx. 
 
 RACK, to go between a trot and an 
 amble. N. has the substantive with ex- 
 tract from Taylor, the water-poet. Cf. 
 CANTERBURY RACK. 
 
 He was thorough-paced in all Spiritual 
 Popery . . . but in Secular Popery (as I may 
 term it, touching the interest of Princes) he 
 did not so much as rock. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Northampton (ii. 173). 
 
 He himself became a racking but no 
 thorough-paced Protestant. Ilrid., Stafford 
 (ii. 305). 
 
 RACK AND MANGER. To live at rack 
 and manger = to live of the best at 
 free cost. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 165), says, the herring is such 
 a choleric food that "whoso ties him- 
 self to rack and manger" to it shall 
 
 have a child that will be a soldier be- 
 fore he loses his first teeth. 
 
 Free from danger, 
 Muskein may live at rack and manger. 
 
 Poetry of A ntijacobin, p. 213. 
 John Lackland . . . tearing out the bowels 
 of St. Edmundsbury Convent (its larders 
 namely and cellars) in the most ruinous way 
 by living at rack and manger there. Carlyle, 
 Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 RACKETER, a rake ; one who is con- 
 stantly seeking gaiety. 
 
 At a private concert last night with my 
 cousins and Miss Clements ; and again to be 
 at a play this night ; I shall be a rocketer, I 
 doubt. Richardson, Grandison, i. 117. 
 
 RACKETY, gay, noisy. 
 
 In all things he acquitted himself as a 
 model officer, and excited the admiration 
 and respect of Sergeant Major Mac Arthur, 
 who began fishing at Bowie, to discover the 
 cause of this strange metamorphosis in the 
 rackety little Irishman. Kinysley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. vii. 
 
 RADDLE, to rouge coarsely ; also a 
 substantive. Cf. RUDDLE. 
 
 Can there be any more dreary object than 
 those whitened and raddled old women who 
 shudder at the slips ? Thackeray, Newcomes, 
 ch. xx. 
 
 That bony old painted sheep-faced com- 
 panion, who's raddled like an old bell-wether. 
 Ibid., ch. xliii. 
 
 Some of us have more serious things to 
 hide than a yellow cheek behind a raddle of 
 rouge. Ibid., Roundabout Papers, xxxii. 
 
 RADDLEMAN. See extract. 
 
 " Rutland Raddleman." . . Rad here is the 
 same with red, (onely more broadly pro- 
 nounced) . . Raddleman then is a Reddleman, 
 a trade (and that a poor one) onely in this 
 county, whence men bring on their backs a 
 pack of red stones or oker, which they sell 
 to their neighbouring countries for the mark- 
 ing of sheep. Fulltr, Worthies, Rutland (ii. 
 242). 
 
 RAFF, a scamp, or low fellow. 
 
 Myself and this great peer, 
 Of these rude raffs became the jeer. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xx. 
 
 That fisherman they talk of, Masaniello, 
 Was clearly, by bis birth, a sorry fellow ; 
 One of the raffs we shrink from in the street, 
 Wore an old hat, and went with naked feet. 
 Leigh Hunt, High and Loir. 
 
 RAFFAELESQUE, after the manner of
 
 RAFFISH 
 
 ( 535 ) 
 
 RAILROAD 
 
 Raffaele. It is observable that in the 
 extract it is not spelt with a capital R. 
 In some of the Greek delineations (The 
 Lyciau Painter, for example) we have already 
 noticed a strange opulence of splendour, 
 characterisable as half-legitimate, half-mere- 
 tricious a splendour hovering between the 
 raffaelesque and the japannish. Carlyle, Life 
 of Sterling, ch. vi. 
 
 RAFFISH, disreputable. 
 
 It used to be considered that a sporting 
 fetlow of a small college was a sad, raffish, 
 disreputable character. Thackeray, Shabby 
 Genteel Story, ch. viii. 
 
 " Zooks, sir ; I am fallen, but I am always 
 a gentleman." Therewith, Losely gave a 
 vehement slap to his hat, which, crushed by 
 the stroke, improved his general appearance 
 into an aspect so outrageously raffish, that, 
 but for the expression of his countenance, 
 the contrast between the boast and the man 
 would have been ludicrous. Lytton, What 
 will he do with it ? Bk. VII. ch. v. 
 
 RAFTER, to roof with rafters. 
 
 Buildyng an hous euen from the found- 
 acion vnto the vttermoste raftreyng and 
 reiring of the roofe. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 260. 
 
 RAG. Gentlemen of the order of the 
 rag = military officers. 
 
 It is the opinion which, I believe, most of 
 you young gentlemen of the order of the rag 
 deserve. Fielding, Amelia, Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 RAGAMUFFIN, ragged ; the Diets, give 
 no instance of this word used adjec- 
 tivally. 
 
 Mr. Aldworth . . turned over the rest of 
 this ragamuffin assembly to the care of his 
 butler. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. viii. 
 ch. xxiii. 
 
 RAGE. The E. D. S. editors of Tusser 
 make rage in this place an adjective = 
 wild, dissipated, but why may it not be 
 a verb ? 
 
 "Where cocking dads make sawsie lads, 
 In youth so raye to begin age, 
 Or else to fetch a Tibourne stretch, 
 Among the rest. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 214. 
 
 RAGG, ragstone. See quotation s. v. 
 AMYGDALOID. 
 
 No man will rough-cast a marble wall, 
 but mud or unpolished rayy. Bp. Hall, 
 Works, v. 114. 
 
 A little diamond may be more worth than 
 a whole quarry of rayy . Sanderson, i. 391. 
 
 RAGGED-ROBIN, the meadow lychnis. 
 And should some great court-lady say, the 
 
 Prince 
 Hath pick'd a ragged-robin from the hedge, 
 
 And like a madman brought her to the 
 
 court, 
 Theii were ye shamed. 
 
 Tennyson, Geraint and Enid. 
 
 The viscid petals of the ragyed-rolin glim- 
 mered a bright crimson as they straggled 
 through the thorny branches of the haw- 
 thorn. Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. 
 xx. 
 
 RAGGERY, raggedness. 
 
 There were the . . grim, portentous old 
 hags, such as Michael Angelo painted, draped 
 in majestic rayyery. Thackeray, Newcomes, 
 ch. xxxv. 
 
 RAG-MANNERED, rude, vulgar. 
 
 This young lady swears, talks smut, and is 
 upon the matter just as rag-manner 1 d as Mary 
 the Buxsome. Collier, Eny. Staye, p. 220. 
 
 RAGMAN'S REWE. See Ragman's 
 Roll in N. Of. RIG-MY-ROLL. 
 
 These songes or rimes (because their 
 originall beginnyng issued out of Fescenium) 
 wer called in Latine Fescennina Carmina or 
 Fescennini rythmi or versus ; whiche I doe 
 here translate (according to our English 
 prouerbe) a rayman's rewe or a bible. For so 
 dooe we call a long jeste that railleth on any 
 persone by name, or toucheth a bodie's 
 honestee somewhat nere. UdaVs Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 274. 
 
 RAG OUT, to fray, or become ragged. 
 The extract is part of a speech from a 
 cobbler to Lord Burleigh. 
 
 Leather thus leisurely tanned and turned 
 many times in the Fat will prove serviceable, 
 which otherwise will quickly fleet and ray 
 out. Fuller, Worthies, Middlesex (ii. 35). 
 
 RAHATE, to rate, scold. 
 
 He neuer linned rahatyny of those per- 
 sones that offred sacrifice for to haue good 
 health of bodie. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 86. 
 
 RAILLERY, a jest ; the use of the 
 indefinite article with the word is 
 peculiar. 
 
 They take a pleasing raillery for a serious 
 truth. Gentleman Instructed, p. 13. 
 
 Sometimes they let fly a raillery, and 
 shoot a joke. Ibid., p. 90.. 
 
 RAILROAD, railway. L., who gives 
 the word without example, says that 
 railway is probably the older word. 
 
 Even the giddiness attendant on a journey 
 on this Manchester railroad is not so perilous 
 to the nerves as that too frequent exercise 
 in the merry-go-round of the ideal world. 
 Scott, Introd. to Count Robert of Paris (1831). 
 
 On Monday I shall set off for Liverpool by 
 the railroad which will then be opened the 
 whole way. Lord Macaulay, 1838 (Trevel- 
 yan's Life, ii. 14).
 
 RAINBOWED 
 
 ( 536 ) 
 
 RAMPAGE 
 
 RAINBOWED, encircled with a rainbow 
 or Aureole. 
 
 See him stand 
 Before the altar, like a rainboired saint. 
 
 Kinysley, Saint's Tragedy, i. 3. 
 
 RAINES, fine linen manufactured at 
 Rennes ; the word is variously spelt. 
 
 No man will buy their wares any more ; 
 the wares of gold and silver, and of precious 
 stones ; neither of pearl, and silk, and mines, 
 and purple, and scarlet. Hale, Select Works, 
 p. 526. 
 
 She should be apparelled beautifully with 
 pure white silk, or with most fine raines. 
 Ibid., p. 542. 
 
 Thou that wast clothed in raynes, and 
 purple, and scarlet . . shalt come to nought. 
 Hecon, ii. 415. 
 
 Alas, that great city that was clothed in 
 reins, and scarlet, and purple ! Jewel, ii. 
 931. 
 
 RAINLESS, free from rain. 
 Rainles, their soyl is wet, and dowdies, fat, 
 ItseLPs moist bosom brings in this and that. 
 Sylvester, The La ice, 528. 
 
 A sense, awful and yet cheering, of a 
 wonder and a majesty, a presence and a 
 voice around, in the cliffs and the pine- 
 forests, and the great blue rainless heaven. 
 C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 The next day was one of dry storm ; dark, 
 beclouded, yet rainless. Miss Bronte, Vil- 
 lette, ch. xiii. 
 
 RAINY DAY. To lay up for a rainy 
 day, to save for a time of need. 
 
 This they caught as an advantage we see, 
 and laid it up for a rainy day, and three 
 years after, out they came with it. An- 
 drewes, ii. 346. 
 
 Ergo, saith the Miser, part with nothing, 
 but keep all against a wet day. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, ch. xi. 
 
 RAKE, a hawk is said to rake when 
 flying wide of the quarry. 
 Their talk was all of training, terms of art, 
 Diet aud seeling, jesses, leash and lure. 
 " She is too noble," he said, " to check at 
 
 pies, 
 Nor will she rake; there is no baseness in 
 
 her." Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 RAKEHELLONIAN, a wild dissolute 
 fellow. 
 
 I have been a man of the town, or rather 
 a man of wit, and have been confess'd a 
 bean, and admitted into the family of the 
 rakehellonians. T. tirmcn, Works, ii. 313. 
 
 RAKE-KENNEL, a scavenger 
 
 We will commit the further discussion of 
 the poet to a committee of gold-finders, or a 
 club of rake-kennels. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 445. 
 
 RAKERY, dissipation. 
 
 He not only diverted but instructed his 
 lordship in all the rakery and intrigues of 
 the lend town. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, ii. 300. 
 
 The fatigue of a London winter between 
 Parliament and rakery is a little too much, 
 without interruption, for an elderly person- 
 age. Walpole to Mann, ii. 339 (1750). 
 
 RAKS JAKS, "wild pranks "(H.). In 
 Gammer Gurtoris Needle (Hawkins, 
 Eng. Dr., i. 204), a scolding woman 
 addresses another female as, " Thou 
 slut, thou kut, thou rakes, thoujakes." 
 Dare ye loa, curst baretours, in this my 
 
 Segnorie regal 
 Too raise such raks jaks on seas, and danger 
 
 vnordered? Stanyhurst, ^n., i. 142. 
 
 RAMBLE - HEADED, feather - headed ; 
 unsteady. 
 
 Lord, how we ramble-haded creatures 
 break in upon ourselves ! Richardson, Gran- 
 dison, vi. 34. 
 
 RAM-CAT, a Tom-cat. 
 I'm told thou keepest not a single male ; 
 
 Nothing but females at thy board to cram ; 
 That no he-lapdog near thee wags his tail, 
 
 Nor cat by vulgar people called a ram. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 174. 
 
 RAMEX. rupture : a Latin word, but 
 apparently in. as common use as other 
 similar terms, hernia, fistula, &c., when 
 The Widow was written. 
 
 A tooth, ha ! ha ! 
 
 I thought 't had been some gangrene, fistula, 
 Canker or ramex. 
 
 Jonson, Fletcher and Middleton, 
 The Widow, iv. 2. 
 
 RAMMISH, lustful : the word usually 
 means strong-smelling. 
 
 Go, Cupid's rammish pandar, go. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, II. i. 
 
 RAMPACIOUS, spirited ; unruly : ram- 
 pageous is more common. 
 
 He got his own horse down to a straw a 
 day, and would unquestionably have ren- 
 dered him a very spirited aud ramjxtdotis 
 animal on nothing at all, if he had not died 
 four and twenty hours before he was to have 
 had his first comfortable bait of air. Dickens, 
 Oliver Ttcist, ch. ii. 
 
 RAMPAGE, a state of angry excite- 
 ment ; also as a verb, to tear about. 
 
 Were I best go to finish the revel at the 
 Griffin ? But then Maudie will rampauge 
 on my return. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, i. 
 343. 
 
 " She sot down," said Joe, " and she got 
 up, and she made a grab at Tickler, and she
 
 RAMPAGEOUS 
 
 (537 ) 
 
 RASCALDOM 
 
 rampaged out. . . . She's been on the ram- 
 page this last spell about five minutes." 
 Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. ii. 
 
 They rampaged about wi' their grooms, an' 
 was 'untin' arter the men. Tennyson, The 
 Village Wife. 
 
 RAMPAGEOUS, violent; unruly. Cf. 
 RAMPACIOUS. 
 
 As the land and kingdom gradually settled 
 down into an orderly state, the farmers and 
 country folk [had] no cause to drive in their 
 herds and flocks as in the primitive ages 
 of a rampageous antiquity. Gait, Provost, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 There's that Will Maskery, sir, as is the 
 rampageousest Methodis as can be. G. Eliot, 
 Adam Bede, ch. v. 
 
 He is a lion a mighty, conquering, ram- 
 pageous Leo Belgicus. Thackeray, Round- 
 about Papers, ch. xix. 
 
 RAMSHACKLE, crazy ; out of repair. 
 
 There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in 
 his ramshackle coach. Thackeray, Neu-comes, 
 ch. xxxv. 
 
 The difficulty of getting it into the ram- 
 shackle vetturino carriage in which I was 
 departing was . . . great. Dickens, Uncom- 
 mercial Traveller, xxviii. 
 
 RANCHO, a Mexican word, signifying 
 a place where cattle are reared. 
 And we won it, and many a town 
 And rancho reaching up and down. 
 
 Joaquim Miller, Songs of the 
 Siei'ras, p. 41. 
 
 RANK-BRAINED, coarse. 
 
 Insania is that which euery Eank-brainde 
 writer and judge of Poeticall writing is rapt 
 withal ; when hee presumes either to write 
 or censure the height of Poesie. Chapman, 
 Masque of the Mid. Temple, Preface. 
 
 RANKLE, vb. act. ; to attack ; carp at ; 
 make sore. 
 
 His teeth rankle the woman's credit. 
 Adams, ii. 224. 
 
 RANSOMABLE, capable of being ran- 
 somed. 
 
 Deign 
 
 For these fit presents to dissolve the ransom- 
 able chain 
 Of my lov'd daughter's servitude. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, i. 20. 
 
 I passed my life in that bath with many 
 other gentlemen and persons of condition, 
 distinguished and accounted as ransonuille. 
 Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. IY. ch. 
 xiii 
 
 tfANTANTiXGLV, extravagantly. 
 
 I would not be snibd, or have it cast in 
 my dishe that therefore I prayse Yarmouth 
 so rantantintjly, because I never elsewhere 
 bayted my horse. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Hurl. Misc., vi. 153). 
 
 RANTIPOLE, a reckless wild fellow. 
 R. gives the word as a noun, but with- 
 out example : it is also a verb and 
 adjective. 
 
 I was always considered as a rantipole, for 
 whom anything was good enough. Marryat, 
 Fr. Mildmay, ch. xv. 
 
 RAP, to swear, especially to swear 
 falsely : thieves' cant : perhaps sug- 
 gested by the phrase rapping out an 
 oath. 
 
 As to Mr. Snap's deposition in his favour, 
 it was the usual height to which the ardour 
 of that worthy person's friendship too fre- 
 quently carried him. It was his constant 
 maxim that he was a pitiful fellow who 
 would stick at a little rapping for his friend. 
 Fielding, Jonathan Wild, Bk. I. ch; xiii. 
 
 Though I never saw the lady in my life, 
 she need not be shy of us ; d n me ! I scorn 
 to rap against any lady. Ibid., Amelia, Bk. 
 I. ch. x. 
 
 RAPFDLLY, violently. 
 
 Then far of vplandish we doe view thee fird 
 
 Sicil JStna, 
 And a seabelch grounting on rough rocks 
 
 rapfulye fretting. ~ 
 
 Stdnyhurst, ^En., iii. 566. 
 
 RAPPER, knocker of a door. 
 
 He stood with the rapper of the door 
 suspended for a full minute in his hand. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, vi. 143. 
 
 RAPSHIN. In Rennet's translation of 
 Erasmus's Praise of Folly, p. 53, 
 among the inconveniences to which a 
 horse is subjected mention is made of 
 " his rapshin and fetters when he runs 
 agrass : " there is nothing correspond- 
 ing to this in the original, but I sup- 
 pose rapshin to be that with which a 
 horse is hobbled, and which may flap 
 or rap against its leg. 
 
 RASCABILIAN, a rascal. Cf. RASKA- 
 BILIA. 
 
 Their names are often recorded in a court 
 of correction, where the [register of rogues 
 makes no little gaine of rascabilians. Bre- 
 ton, Strange Newes, p. 6. 
 
 RASCALDOM, rascality. Cf. SCOUN- 
 
 DRELDOM. 
 
 As to Lamotte. the husband, he for shelter 
 against much, decisively dives down to the 
 subterranean shades of Rascaldom ; gambles, 
 swindles. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. vi. 
 
 Denis during these ten years of probation 
 walked chiefly in the subterranean shades of 
 Rascaldom. Ibid., Misc., iii. 202. 
 
 How has this turbulent Alexandrian ras- 
 caldom been behaving itself in my absence ? 
 Kingsley, Hypatia, ch. ii.
 
 RASCALDR Y 
 
 ( 538 ) 
 
 RATTLEPATE 
 
 RASCALDRY, rascality, or the class 
 that practises it. 
 
 So base a rascaldry 
 
 As is too farre from thought of chyualry. 
 Breton, Pasquil's Fooles-cappe, p. 21. 
 
 RASCALESS, female rascal. 
 
 Then shall I have all the rascals and ras- 
 calesses of the family come creeping to me. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harloice, i. 221. 
 
 RASCALISM, the quality pertaining to 
 a rascal : scoundrelism is in the Diets., 
 but not this word. 
 
 A tall handsome man with ex-military 
 whiskers, with a look of troubled gaiety and 
 rascalism. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. 
 xiv. 
 
 RASHED, burnt by hasty cooking. 
 See H. : Fuller refers to Fox, Vol. I. 
 p. 920. 
 
 Mr. Fox . . . confesseth, and take it in 
 his own words, that the former edition of his 
 Acts and Monuments was hastily rashfd up 
 at the present in such shortnesse of time . . . 
 that it betraied him to many mistakes. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. ii. 61. 
 
 RASKABILIA, rascally, worthless 
 people. 
 
 Beware raskabilia, slothfull to wurke. 
 
 Tusser, Husbanlrie, p. 25. 
 
 RASPY, rough. 
 
 Such a raspy, untamed voice as that of his 
 I have hardly heard. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 197. 
 
 RAT, to desert a cause, as rats are 
 said to leave a falling house. 
 Lastly, as to the Pagan who played such a 
 
 trick, 
 First assuming the tonsure, then cutting his 
 
 stick, 
 There is but one thing which occurs to me 
 
 that 
 Is, Don't give too much credit to people 
 
 who rat. 
 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Lay of St. Aloys). 
 
 Egad, sir, the country is going to the dogs ! 
 Our sentiments are not represented in Par- 
 liament or out of it. The County Mercury 
 has ratted, and be hanged to it ! and now we 
 have not one newspaper in the whole shire 
 to express the sentiments of the respectable 
 part of the community. Lytton, Caxtons. 
 Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 RAT. Drunk as a rat very drunk : 
 for other similar comparisons see . v. 
 DRUNK. 
 
 He walks about the country 
 With pike-staff and with butchet, 
 
 Dnink as a rat, you'd hardly wot 
 That drinking so he could trudge it. 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 28. 
 
 RATIOCINANT, reasoning. 
 
 I have not asked this question without 
 cause causing, and reason truly very ratio- 
 cinant. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 RATIONABILITY, power of reasoning. 
 
 Rationability being but a faculty or speci- 
 fical quality, is a substantial part of a man, 
 because it is a part of his definition, or his 
 essential difference. Bramhall, ii. 24. 
 
 RATIOXABLE, reasonable, or in pos- 
 session of reason : the speaker in the 
 extract is an uneducated person. 
 
 She was, I take it, on this matter not 
 quite rationable. Miss Edgeicorth, Belinda, 
 ch. xxvi. 
 
 RATTER, one who rats or apostatises. 
 
 In the famous old print of the minister 
 rat-catcher in the Westminster election, the 
 likeness to each rat of the day is lost to us, 
 but the ridicule on placemen ratters remains. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xxvii. 
 
 RATTERY, apostasy ; tergiversation. 
 
 Such a spectacle refreshes me in the rattery 
 and scoundrelism of public life. Sydney 
 Smith, Letters, 1822. 
 
 RATTLE, rebuke. 
 
 Richardson was again convented at the 
 Council Table, and peremptorily commanded 
 to reverse his former orders at the next 
 assizes for that county ; withal receiving 
 such a rattle for his former contempt by the 
 Bishop of London, that he came out blubber- 
 ing. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 257. 
 
 RATTLE-BLADDER, a bladder filled 
 with peas or the like to make a noise ; 
 used in frightening birds off forn 
 
 Our consciences now quite unclogged from 
 the fear of his [the Pope's] vain terricula- 
 ments and rattle-bladders, and from the fond- 
 ness of his trim-trams and gugaws. Patton, 
 Exped. to Scot. 1548 (Eny. Garner, iii. 70). 
 
 RATTLEHEAD, a thoughtless fellow. 
 
 Many rattleheads as well as they, did 
 bestir them to gain-stand this match. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 130. 
 
 RATTLE-HEADED, giddy ; flighty. 
 
 I rather fancy that the rattle-headed fellow 
 her husband has broke the poor lady's heart. 
 Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, v. 3. 
 
 As for the People, it is an ordinary trope 
 of the author's by a rattle-headed scum of 
 the Cauaglia to fetch in the people forsooth. 
 North, Examen, p. 114. 
 
 RATTLEPATE, a giddy, thoughtless 
 person. Of. RATTLEHEAD. 
 
 I ought to have told you of that doctor a 
 fortnight ago ; but, rattlepate as I am, I 
 forget all about it. Kinysley, Tvx> Years 
 Ago, ch. xi.
 
 RATTLE-PATED ( 539 ) 
 
 REBAPTIST 
 
 RATTLE- FATED, giddy ; shallow. 
 
 There is a noisy rattle-pated fellow of 
 rather low habits. Irving, Sketch Book 
 (John Bull). 
 
 RATTLETRAP, a contemptuous term 
 for a thing, as rattlehead is for a 
 person. 
 
 " He'd destroy himself and me too, if I 
 attempted to ride him at such a rattletrap as 
 that." A rattletrap I The quintain that she 
 had put up with so much anxious care . . . 
 It cut her to the heart to hear it so de- 
 nominated by her own brother. Trollope, 
 Barchester Towers, ch. xxxv. 
 
 RAUCID, harsh. 
 
 Methinks I hear the old boatman paddling 
 by the weedy wharf, with raucid voice bawl- 
 ing, " Sculls, Sculls." C. Lamb, To the shade 
 of Elliston. 
 
 RAVE. Bp. Jacobson has the follow- 
 ing note on the subjoined extract. 
 "To rave into. So in the editions of 
 1660 and 1671. The first edition has, 
 ' to rove into ; ' those of 1681 and 
 1686, 'to rake into.' Rave, as a noun 
 substantive, is still in use in Lincoln- 
 shire and elsewhere, for the effect of 
 exposure produced by the removal of 
 a partition wall in whole or in part, 
 or the like. The meaning therefore 
 probably is, to tear them rudely open, 
 and discover their nature and aggrava- 
 tions." Mr. Peacock in the Manley 
 and Corringham Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 has " Rave up, to pull up, to gather 
 together ; commonly used in regard to 
 gathering up evil stories of some one." 
 See also H. s. v. Sanderson, though 
 a Yorkshire man by birth, spent most of 
 his life in Lincolnshire. 
 
 It can be little pleasure to us to rave into 
 the infirmities of God's servants, and bring 
 them upon the stage. Sanderson, i. 100. 
 
 RAVELMENT, entanglement. 
 
 A series of ravelments and squabbling 
 grudges which, says Mademoiselle with 
 much simplicity, the Devil himself could 
 not understand. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 212. 
 
 RAVER, one who raves ; a madman. 
 
 As old decrepite persons, yong Infantes, 
 fooles, Madmen and Ravers. Touchstone of 
 Complexions, p. 94. 
 
 RAVERY, extravagance ; raving. 
 
 Their raveries are apt, not onely to amuse 
 the vulgar people, but to mend their own 
 fortunes. Gauilen, Tears of the Church, p. 
 366. 
 
 Reject them not as the raveries of a child. 
 Sir J. Sempill, Sacrileye sacredly handled 
 (Introduction). 
 
 RAX, to stretch. 
 
 So he raxes his hand across t' table, an' 
 mutters summat as he grips mine. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xliii. 
 
 RAYN, to arraign. 
 They sue their subiettis at the lawe, 
 "Whom they make nott worth a strawe, 
 Raynynge them giltless at the barre. 
 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and 
 be nott wrothe, p. 98. 
 
 REACHER, exaggeration. 
 
 I can hardly believe that Readier, which 
 another writeth of him [Strongbow], that 
 " with the palms of his hands he could touch 
 his knees, though he stood upright." Fuller, 
 Worthies, Monmouth (ii. 117). 
 
 RE-ADMIRAL, to reappoint to the office 
 of admiral. 
 
 Peerebrowne did not only hold his office 
 all the time of that King doeing plausible 
 service, but was againe re-admirald by Ed- 
 ward the Third. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 152). 
 
 REAKES, pranks : in the first quotation 
 it is used as a singular. Cf. a leads, a 
 thanks, a stews, &c. 
 
 Love with Rage kept such a reakes that I 
 thought they would have gone mad together. 
 Breton, Dream of Strange Effects, p. 17. 
 
 The sound of the hautboys and bagpipes 
 playing reeks with the high and stately tim- 
 ber. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 It were enough to undo me utterly, to fill 
 brimful the cup of my misfortune, and make 
 me play the mad-pate reeks of Bedlam. 
 Ibid., Bk. III. ch. ix. 
 
 REALISTICALLY, in a manner that has 
 regard to objects as they really exist, 
 not as, for the purposes of art or poet- 
 ry, they might be idealized. 
 
 " Agrippa's legs will never do," said 
 Deronda. " The legs are good realistically" 
 said Hans, his face creasing drolly ; " public 
 men are often shaky about the legs." G. 
 Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 REANIMATE, to revive : usually an 
 active verb. Cf. the same writer's use 
 of animate, q. v. 
 
 " There spoke Miss Beverley ! " cried Del- 
 vile, reanimating at this little apology. Mad. 
 D'ArMay, Cecilia, Bk. IX. ch. v. 
 
 REBAPTIST, one who baptizes again, 
 or undergoes baptism a second time. 
 Some for relaptist him bespatter, 
 For dipping rider oft in water. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 270.
 
 REBLESS 
 
 ( 540 ) 
 
 RECKLING 
 
 REBLESS, to bless again. 
 He shall reblesse thee with ten thousand 
 blisses. Davies, Holy Roode, p. 26. 
 
 KEBLEVV, to make blue again. 
 Heav'n's sacred imp, fair Goddess that re- 
 
 new'st 
 
 Th' old golden age, and brightly now reblew'st 
 Our cloudy sky, making our fields to smile. 
 Sylvester, Handy Crafts, 13. 
 
 REBUS, to form into a rebus. 
 
 John Morton, Cardinal and Archbishop of 
 Canterbury . . . was a learned man, and had 
 a fair library (rebus'd with More in text and 
 Tun under it) partly remaining in the posses- 
 sion of the late Earl of Arundell. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., IV. iv. 34. 
 
 RECALMENT, recalling ; countermand- 
 ing. 
 
 I followed after 
 
 And asked as a grace what it all meant, 
 If she wished not the rash deed's recalment. 
 Browning, The Glove. 
 
 RECASKET, to replace in a box or 
 casket. 
 
 I had hardly time to recasket my treasures, 
 and lock them up, when she was at my side. 
 Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxiv. 
 
 RECEIPT, accommodation, power of 
 reception ; very frequent in Fuller, s.v. 
 LAXITY. 
 
 As for receipt, a house had better be too 
 little for a day than too great for a year. 
 Fuller, Holy State, III. vii. 7. 
 
 His popular manner was of such receipt 
 that he had room to lodge all comers. Ibid., 
 V. xix. 10. 
 
 The greatest place of receipt in Samaria . . 
 was that void place at the entering of the 
 gate. Ibid., Pist/ah Sight, II. ix. 25. 
 
 London, by reason of the receit thereof, 
 was likely to prove the residing place for the 
 English monarch. Ibid., Ch. Hist., II. ii. 1. 
 
 RECENTRE, to replace in the midst. 
 Now I recentre my immortal mind 
 In the deep sabbath of meek self-content. 
 Coleridge, To the departing Year. 
 
 RECEPTABLE, receptacle ; perhaps a 
 misprint, but it occurs again at p. 256, 
 and in neither case is it noted in the 
 list of errata ; at p. 187, however, and 
 elsewhere receptacle is used. 
 
 The good Josias . . ordained that that 
 place (before a Paradise) should be for ever 
 a receptacle for dead carcases. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 186. 
 
 RECEPTIVENESS, power or readiness to 
 receive : receptivity is more common. 
 
 Many of her opinions, such as those on 
 Church government and the character of 
 
 Archbishop Laud, seemed too decided under 
 every alteration to have been arrived at other- 
 wise than by a wifely receptiveness. G. Eliot, 
 Daniel Deronda. ch. iii. 
 
 Receptiveness is a rare and massive power 
 like fortitude. Ibid., ch. xl. 
 
 RECESS, to withdraw; to place in 
 retirement. 
 
 Behind the screen of his prodigious elbow 
 you will be comfortably recessed from curious 
 impertinents. Miss Edyeworth, Manceuvriny, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 RECHANT, to sing antiphonally. 
 Hark, hark, the cheerful and rechaunting cries 
 Of old and young, singing this joifull dittie. 
 Sylvester, Handy Crafts, 31. 
 
 RECHAOS, to reduce again to chaos. 
 See another extract from Davies, s. v. 
 REGET. 
 
 So shall thy stay, when states re-chaosed lie, 
 Make thee great Steward to Eternitie. 
 
 Davies, Sir T. Overbury, p. 16. 
 
 RECHEER, to cheer again. 
 Let neuer Sunne recheere them with his raies, 
 That Justice Sonne haue thus in purple 
 
 clowded. Davies, Holy Roode, p. 27. 
 
 RECHEW, to chew the cud. 
 Nor could he (as some beasts rechew their 
 
 meat, 
 
 To cause the same the better to disgest) 
 Rechew this Bread. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 22. 
 
 RECHILD, to become a child again. 
 Just Dauid's just Son, for thy fathers sake, 
 For his deer loue, for all that he did make 
 Of thee a childe, when he (re-childing) sought 
 With childish sport to still thy cryes. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 526. 
 
 RECIPROCAL, applied to the returning 
 tide. Fuller uses the word in the same 
 way ; see s. v. REFLUOOS. 
 
 The havens that are so choked up with 
 sand brought in with the reciprocall course 
 of the tides. Holland's Camden, p. 206. 
 
 RECIPROCALTY, mutual change. 
 
 With a reciprocally pleasure and paine are 
 still united, and succeed one another in a 
 ring. Burton, Anatomy, p. 12. 
 
 An acknowledged reciprocality in love 
 sanctifies every little freedom. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harloice, iii. 188. 
 
 RECKLING, is defined by H., who 
 gives no example, " the smallest and 
 weakest of a brood of animals ; " in 
 first quotation it is an adjective, and 
 in both is applied to n human being. 
 
 A mother dotes upon the reckling child 
 
 More than the strong. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. v. 3.
 
 RECLAIM 
 
 ( 54i ) 
 
 RED-GUM 
 
 O ay, what say ye to Sir Valence, him 
 Whose kinsman left him watcher o'er his 
 
 wife 
 And two fair babes, and went to distant 
 
 lands : 
 
 "Was one year gone, and on returning found, 
 Not two but three ; there lay the reckling, 
 
 one 
 But one hour old. 
 
 Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
 
 RECLAIM, to reform: usually an 
 active verb. 
 
 Obliged to assume such airs of reformation, 
 that every varlet of ye has been afraid I 
 should reclaim in good earnest. Richardson, 
 C'l. Harloice, iii. 33. 
 
 RECLAIM, to cry again, to re-echo. 
 
 Melt to tears, pour out thy plaints, let 
 Echo reclaim them. Greene (From the 
 Mourning Garment), p. 307. 
 
 RECLEAR, to clear again. 
 He hurts and heals, He breaks and maketh 
 
 sound ; 
 And so, when Pharao doth Him humbly 
 
 pray, 
 
 Eecleers the floods, and sends the frogs away. 
 Sylvester, The La we, 469. 
 
 Thick streams recleer when storms and 
 stirrings cease. Ibid., Memorials of Mor- 
 talitie, Pt. II. st. Ixxxvii. 
 
 RECOMMENDUMS, praises ; commend- 
 ations. 
 
 Even those that attend uppon the pitch- 
 kettle will bee drunke to my good fortunes 
 and recommendums. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 180). 
 
 RECONNOITRE, to recognize (a Galli- 
 cism). 
 
 He would hardly have reconnoitred "Wild- 
 goose however in his short hair, and his 
 present uncouth appearance. Graves, S2)irit- 
 ual Quixote, Bk. IV. ch. i. 
 
 RECONNOITRE, a survey. R. and L. 
 only give it as a verb ; and even the 
 verb Addison (Spectator, No. 165) 
 ridicules as an outlandish word, nor 
 did Johnson give it a place in his Diet. 
 
 Satisfied with his reconnoitre, Losely quitted 
 the skeleton pile. Lytton, IVhat will he do 
 icith it, Bk. X. ch. i. 
 
 RECOURSE, to have recourse to. 
 The court recourst to lakes, to springs, and 
 
 brooks, 
 Brooks, springs, and lakes had the like taste 
 
 and looks. Sylvester. The Lawe, 432. 
 
 These dogmatists dare not recourse to 
 Scripture. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 201. 
 
 RECREW, to recruit. 
 One intire troop with some other odd 
 troopers, and some stragling foot, that were 
 
 to recrew other companies. Prince Rupert's 
 beating up of the Rebel Quarters at Post-comb 
 and Chinner (1643), p. xvi. 
 
 RECROSS, to oppose again. 
 For when we first to liue well goe about, 
 Ware crost and recrost by the Eeprobate. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 53. 
 
 RECRUCIFY, to crucify afresh. 
 
 Our sins . . . were the Judas betraying, 
 the Herod mocking, the Pilate condemning, 
 the Longinus wounding, the hand of Jews 
 recrucififiny Christ. Adams, ii. 349. 
 
 RECRUDESCENCE, the becoming raw 
 again ; reopening. Bacon has recrud- 
 ency. 
 
 The king required some regulations should 
 be made for obviating the recrudescence of 
 those ignoramus abuses for the future, that 
 had been so scandalous before. North, 
 Examen, p. 632. 
 
 RECTANGULARITY, right-angled shape 
 or figure. 
 
 She sketched in strong caricature my 
 relaxed elongation of limb, and his rigid 
 rectangulurity. Miss Edyeicorth, Ennui, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 RECUEIL (Fr.), collection. 
 
 I made this recueil merely for mine own 
 entertainment. Pref. to Annot. on Urmon's 
 Reliy'o Medici. 
 
 RECUREFUL, recovering ; healing. 
 Let me for euer hide this staine of beauty 
 "With this reaireful maske. 
 
 Chapman, Gentleman Vsher, Act V. 
 
 REDACTION, drawing back. 
 
 It stands not without doors as a mendicant 
 flexanimous persuader, but enters into the 
 closets of the heart, shoots the bar, unlocks 
 the bolts, takes away all rel notation and 
 redaction, infuseth a pliable willingness. 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 31. 
 
 REDAN, fortification with two faces, 
 forming a salient angle : the word be- 
 came very familiar to us in the Crimean 
 War. 
 
 Upon the surface of which [bowling-green] 
 by means of a large roll of pack-thread, and 
 a number of small piquets driven into the 
 ground at the several angles and redans, he 
 transferred the lines from his paper. Sterne. 
 Tn'st. Sliandy, iv. 217. 
 
 RED-GUM, an eruption common in 
 newly - born infants. The word has 
 nothing to do with the gums, but comes 
 from A. S. gund, corruption. See L., 
 also H. s. v. red-gown. 
 
 Their heads are hid with skalls, 
 Their limbs with red-gums. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, p. 531.
 
 RED-LETTER DA Y ( 542 ) 
 
 REFLECT 
 
 I found Charlotte quite in a fume about 
 the child : she was sure it was very ill ; it 
 cried and fretted, and was all over pimples. 
 So I looked at it directly, and, " Lord, my 
 dear," says I, " it is nothing in the world but 
 the red-yum." Miss A, iten, Sense and Sensi- 
 bility, en. xxx vii. 
 
 BED-LETTER DAY, a bright day; a 
 festival, the Church festivals being 
 printed with red ink in the Calendar. 
 
 It is the old girl's birthday ; and that is 
 the greatest holiday and reddest-letter day 
 in Mr. Bagnet's calendar. Dickens, Bleak 
 House, ch. xlix. 
 
 REDO, to do over again. 
 
 Prodigality and luxurie are no new crimes, 
 and . . we do but re-do old vices. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 262. 
 
 REDOUND, result ; the verb is com- 
 mon, but the substantive is not in the 
 Diets. 
 
 We give you welcome : not without redmind 
 Of use and glory to yourselves, ye come 
 The first-fruits of the stranger. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, ii. 
 
 RED-SEA. Ghosts were supposed to 
 be effectually laid in this. 
 
 If the Conjuror be but well paid, he'll 
 take pains upon the ghost, and lay him, look 
 ye, in the Red-Sea, and then he's laid for ever. 
 Addison, The Drummer, Act II. 
 Drain we the cup 
 Friend, art afraid, 
 Spirits are laid 
 In the Bed-Sea. 
 Thackeray, The Mahogany Tree. 
 
 RED-SHANKS. L. says, a name given 
 to Scotch Highlanders on account of 
 their bare legs ; but it was applied to 
 the native Irish also, as to which N. 
 seems a little doubtful. Nashe's ety- 
 mology is of course jocular. 
 
 The Scotish jockies or Red-Shanks (so sur- 
 named of their immoderate maunching up 
 the red-shanks or red-herrings) upholde and 
 make good the same. JVashe's Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 163). 
 
 Though all the Scottish hinds would not 
 bear to be compared with the rich counties 
 of South Britain, they would stand very well 
 in competition with the peasants of France, 
 Italy, and Savoy, not to mention the moun- 
 taineers of "Wales, and the red-shanks of 
 Ireland. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, ji. 41. 
 
 RED-TAPE, official: used disparagingly 
 of routine administration. For example 
 of the substantive see s. v. MONKEY. 
 
 We working men, when we do come out 
 of the furnace, come out, not tinsel and 
 papier madit*, like those fops of red-tape 
 
 statesmen, but steel and granite. C. Kinys- 
 ley, Alton Locke, ch. iv. 
 
 RED-TAPIST, a man who is- a stickler 
 for official routine. 
 
 You seem a smart young fellow, but you 
 must throw over that stiff red-tapist of yours, 
 and go with Public Opinion and myself. 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. X. ch. xx. 
 
 RED WINDS, blight. 
 
 The goodliest trees in a garden are soonest 
 blasted with red winds. Alp. Sandys, Ser- 
 mons, p. 103. 
 
 REEL, to make reel ; to shake. 
 
 We thought our Crowne so staid with many 
 props 
 
 (So yong and strong), that no cold puf of 
 feare 
 
 (However strong) could once but shake our 
 hopes 
 
 Which now this blast doth reele and back- 
 ward beare. Davies, Muse's Teares, p. 6. 
 
 REEL, to gather yarn off the spindle. 
 L. gives the word without example. 
 
 I say nothing of his lips ; for they are so 
 thin and slender that, were it the fashion to 
 reel lips, as they do yarn, one might make a 
 skein of them. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. 
 Bk. III. ch. xv. 
 
 REEZED. N. explains this word as 
 rusty, and probably he is right in the 
 passages that he cites ; but in the sub- 
 joined extract it cannot signify this, 
 but rather fried or scorched. 
 
 Their souls may at last be had to heaven, 
 though first for a while they be ree:td in 
 purgatory. Adams, i. 65. 
 
 REFACTION, retribution. 
 
 The soveraigne minister, who was then 
 employed in Elaiana, was commanded to re- 
 quire refaction and satisfaction against the 
 informers, or rather inventours and forgers 
 of the aforesaid misinformation. Hmcell, 
 Dodona's Grove, p. 113. 
 
 RE- FATHERED, applied to a man who 
 finds that an only child whom he had 
 thought dead was alive. 
 
 At the happy word, " he lives," 
 My father stoop'd, re-fathered, o'er my 
 wounds. Tennyson, Princess, vi. 
 
 REFLAME, to burst again into flame. 
 
 Stamp out the fire, or this 
 Will smoulder and rfflame, and burn the 
 
 throne 
 Where you should sit with Philip. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, i. 5. 
 
 REFLECT, to bend again ; to appease. 
 
 Such rites beseem ambassadors, and Nestor 
 urged these, 
 
 That their most honours might refect en- 
 raged (Eacides. Chapman, Iliad, ix. 180.
 
 REFLECTION 
 
 ( 543 ) 
 
 REGENCE 
 
 REFLECTION, to reflect. Cf. AFFEC- 
 TION, PERFECTION. 
 
 But reflectioning apart, thou seest, Jack, 
 that her plot is beginning to work. Rich- 
 ardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 3. 
 
 REFLOWER, to cause to flower again. 
 
 See quotation s. v. REGREEN. 
 
 Her footing makes the ground all fragrant- 
 fresh ; 
 
 Her sight refowres th' Arabian wilderness. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 805. 
 
 REFLUOUS, flowing back. 
 
 The stream of Jordan, south of their going 
 over, was not supplied with any reciprocall 
 or refuous tide out of the Dead Sea. 
 Fuller, Pisgah Sight, II. i. 17. 
 
 REFORM, to inform. 
 
 The prophet Esay also saith, " Who hath 
 reformed the Spirit of the Lord, or who is of 
 His council to teach Him ? " Becon, ii. 39. 
 
 REFORMERESS, female reformer. 
 
 Holy Colette of portentous sanctity, the 
 Reformeress of the Poor Clares. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. ccxiii. 
 
 REFRACTURE, a breaking back ; an- 
 tagonism. 
 
 More veniall and excusable may those ver- 
 ball reluctancies, reserves, and refractures 
 (rather than anything of open force and 
 hostile rebellions) seem. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 562. 
 
 REFRESHER, an extra fee to a bar- 
 rister, given after the payment of the 
 first. 
 
 Every fortnight or so I took care that he 
 should receive a " refresher," as lawyers call 
 it, a new and revised brief memorialising 
 my pretensions. De Quincey, Sketches, 1. 72. 
 
 REFRICATION, a rubbing up afresh. 
 
 The second care must be had of the me- 
 mory, that a deep impression be made, fre- 
 quent refreshing and refrication be used with 
 David's watchword, " My soul, forget not all 
 His benefits." Ward, Sermons, p. 138. 
 
 In these legal sacrifices there is a continual 
 refrication of the memory of those sins every 
 year which we have committed. lip. Hall, 
 Works, iv. 501. 
 
 REFUGEEISM, the condition of a re- 
 fugee, i. e. of one who has taken refuge 
 in another country from dangers (usu- 
 ally political) that threatened him in 
 his own. 
 
 A Pole, or a Czech, or something of that 
 fermenting sort, in a state of political re- 
 fucjeeism. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxii. 
 
 REGALE, a treat or entertainment. 
 The Diets, do not give this word as a 
 
 substantive, though it is not uncommon. 
 Another instance from Cowper may be 
 found in TJie Garden, 551. 
 
 Handsome regales sometimes buoy up 
 credit. Gentleman Instructed, p. 18. 
 
 Our new acquaintance asked us if ever we 
 had drauk egg-flip ; to which we answering 
 in the negative, he assured us of a reyale, 
 and ordered a quart to be prepared. Smol- 
 let, Roderick Random, ch. xiv. 
 
 Their breath a sample of last night's regale. 
 Cowper, Tirocinium, 834. 
 
 The breakfast merited such eulogiums as 
 French hosts are wont to confer upon their 
 regales. Scott, Quentin Durtcard, i. 42. 
 
 REGALE IN, to take pleasure in ; to 
 enjoy. 
 
 The little girl performed her journey 
 in safety ; and at Northampton was met by 
 Mrs. Norris, who thus regaled in the credit of 
 being foremost to welcome her. Miss Austen, 
 Mansfield Park, ch. ii. 
 
 REGALIA, entertainment; delicate 
 food. 
 
 After having a long time treated their 
 prisoners very well, and given them all the 
 regalias they can think of, he to whom the 
 prisoner belongs, invites a great assembly of 
 his kindred and friends. Cotton, Montaigne, 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 The Town shall have its regalia : the 
 Coifee-house gapers, I'm resolv'd, shan't 
 want their Diversion. D'Urfey, Two Queens 
 of Brentford, Act I. 
 
 REGALIO, a banquet or regale. 
 
 Do you think . . that the fatal end of 
 their journey being continually before tb : r 
 eyes, would not alter and deprave their 
 palate from tasting these regalias ? Cotton, 
 Montaigne's Essays, ch. xvi. 
 
 REGALITIE, a territorial jurisdiction 
 conferred by the king. 
 
 There be civill Courts also in everie rega- 
 litie, holden by their Bailiffes, to whom the 
 kings have gratiously granted royalties. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 8. 
 
 REGALO, entertainment. 
 
 I thank you for the last regalo you gave 
 me at your Musseum, and for the good com- 
 pany. Hoicell, Letters, I. vi. 20. 
 
 I congratulate you on your regalo from 
 the Northumberlands. Walpole to Mann, 
 iii. 285 (1758). 
 
 REGENCE, government. 
 Some were for setting up a king, 
 But all the rest for no such thing, 
 Unless King Jesus : others tampered 
 For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert ; 
 Some for the Rump, and some mora crafty 
 For Agitators and the Safety ;
 
 REGENDER 
 
 ( 544 ) 
 
 REIGN 
 
 Some for the Gospel and massacres 
 Of spiritual affidavit-makers, 
 That swore to any human regence 
 Oaths of supremacy and allegiance. 
 
 Hudibras, III. ii. 275. 
 
 REGENDER, to renew ; rekindle. 
 
 Furth spirits fyre freshlye reyendred. 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 496. 
 
 REGENERATIVE, giving new birth or 
 life. 
 
 She had been crushing and extirpating 
 out of her empire for centuries past all 
 which was noble, purifying, regenerative, 
 divine. Kingsley, Hypatia, ch. xvii. 
 
 She identified him with the struggling 
 regenerative process in her, which had begun 
 with his action. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch. Ixv. 
 
 REGERMINATE, to sprout forth again. 
 And surely as man's health and strength 
 
 are whole, 
 
 His appetites regerminate, his heart 
 Re-opens, and his objects and desires 
 Shoot up renewed. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. iii. 2. 
 
 REGET, to generate again. R. has 
 the word = reobtain, with quotation 
 from Daniel. 
 
 Tovy, although the mother of vs all, 
 Regetts thee in her wombe : thou fill'st her so 
 With glory of thy vertues, that shee shall 
 Preserue thy name till she re-chaosed go 
 To purging flames. 
 
 Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 52. 
 
 REGIAN, used by Fuller of those who 
 upheld the royal supremacy as against 
 the Pope ; by Hacket, of royalists. 
 
 This is alleadged and urged by our Regians 
 to prove the king's paramount power in 
 ecclesiasticis. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. iii. 38. 
 
 Arthur Wilson . . favours all republicans, 
 and never speaks well of regians (it is his 
 own distinctions) if he can possibly avoid it. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 39. 
 
 REGIME, rule : a French word 
 naturalized. 
 
 I dream in my sleep of the new regime 
 which is to come, and I see only trouble, 
 and again trouble. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 REGIMENTAL, a suit of regimentals. 
 
 If they had been ruled by me, they would 
 have put you into the guards. You would 
 have made a sweet figure in a regimental. 
 Caiman, Man of Business, Act II. 
 
 REGIMENTED, drawn up or formed 
 into a regiment. R. has this word 
 with a quotation from Adam Smith, 
 who evidently thought it had not been 
 used before. 
 
 As in all states there is a civil as well as 
 military administration, so in this Oxford 
 (Economy the Faction had another order 
 regimented, being a detachment from the 
 libelling garrison in London. North, Ex- 
 amen, p. 100. 
 
 If women were to be regimented, he would 
 carry an army into the field without beat of 
 drum. Richardson, Grandison, iii. 314. 
 
 Regimented companies of men, of whom 
 our Jocelin is one, devote themselves in 
 every generation to meditate here on man's 
 nobleness aud awfulness. Carlyle, Past and 
 Present, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 REGLOSS, to put a fresh gloss on ; 
 to make shine again. Sylvester (1/06 
 Triumphant^ ii. 63) refers to houses 
 "rebuilt, regilt, reglost, reglas'd ; " 
 and Davies speaks of a fat man in a 
 suit of satin whose grease 
 
 So reglosst the satten's glosse that it 
 Was varnisht like their vailes that turn the 
 
 spit. 
 
 Davies, Humours Heauen on Earth, p. 6. 
 
 REGNICIDE, destroyer of a kingdom. 
 
 Regicides are no less than regnicides, for 
 the life of a king contains a thousand thou- 
 sand lives ; aud traitors make the laud sick 
 which they live in. Adams, i. 418. 
 
 REGREEN, to make green again. 
 
 The Sommer's sweet distilling drops 
 Vpon the meadowes thirsty yawning chops, 
 Regreens the greens, and doth the flowrs 
 
 reflowr 
 All scorcht and burnt with Auster's parching 
 
 powr. Sylvester, The Arke, 66. 
 
 REGUERDONMENT, requital. 
 
 In generous reyuerdonment whereof he 
 sacramentally obliged himselfe. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 163). 
 
 REIGLE, to regulate. R. and H. 
 have the word as a substantive = 
 groove, or channel. 
 
 My letter was written to the Justices for 
 the reigling of the same. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, \. 92. 
 
 There is a clear statute made, 27 Eliz., for 
 the drawing all Westminster, St. Clement, 
 and St. Martins le Grand, London, into a 
 corporation to be ret (/led by a Dean, a 
 Steward, twelve Burgesses, and twelve As- 
 sistants. Ibid., ii. 175. 
 
 All ought to regie their lives, not by the 
 Pope's Decrees, but Word of God. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Wales (ii. 558). 
 
 REIGN. Adams uses once in a reign 
 = once in a way. 
 
 If ever,?w a reign, he lights upon a humour 
 to business, it is to game, to cheat, to drink 
 drunk. Adams, i. 481. 
 
 If, once in a reign, he invites his neighbours
 
 REIMBOSK 
 
 ( 545 ) REMEMBERABLE 
 
 to dinner, he whiles the time with frivolous 
 discourses to hinder feeding. Ibid., i. 483. 
 
 REIMBOSK, to re-enter the lair. 
 
 The Ampelonian Satyr, having thus dis- 
 gorged his stomack suddenly ran in and re- 
 imbosch'd himself. Howell, Dodoruis Grove, 
 p. 14. 
 
 REINGENDER, to regenerate. Milton 
 {Animadv. on Remonst., sect. 4) speaks 
 of " the renovating and reingendering 
 Spirit of God." 
 
 REISTER, a trooper. 
 
 Offer my services to Butrech, the best 
 doctor among reisters, and the best reister 
 among Doctors. Sir P. Sidney to Hubert 
 Languet, Oct. 1577 (Zurich Letters, ii. 293). 
 
 REJECTIBLE, to be rejected. 
 
 Will you tell me, my dear, what you have 
 thought of Lovelace's best and of his worsts' 
 How far eligible for the first, how far reject- 
 ible for the last ? Richardson, Cl. Harlotce, 
 i. 280. 
 
 RELICT, is generally used as a sub- 
 stantive = widow : in the first extract 
 it = deserted, in the second = left, or 
 surviving. 
 
 How unseemly was it that God Himself 
 should have the reversion of profaneness 
 assigned to His service, and His worship 
 wedded to the relict, yea (what was worse) 
 whorish shrines formerly abused with idol- 
 atry. Fuller, Ch. Hist., I. ii. 11. 
 
 His Relict Lady . . . lived long in "West- 
 minster. Ibid., Worthies, Lincoln (ii. 13). 
 
 RELIEF-FUL, comforting. 
 
 Never was there a more joyous heart . . . 
 ready to burst its bars for relief-fid expres- 
 sion. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 82. 
 
 RELIEVEMENT, mitigation ; relief. 
 
 His delay yeelds the king time to confirme 
 his friends, vnder-worke his enemies, and 
 make himself strong with the English, which 
 he did by granting relaxation of tribute 
 with other relieuements of their doleances. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eny., p. 45. 
 
 RELIEVER. See extract. 
 
 In some sweating places there is an old 
 coat kept called the " reliever" and this is 
 borrowed by such men as have none of their 
 own to go out in. C. Kinysley, Cheap Clothes 
 and Nasty. 
 
 RELIGIOSITY, religious exercise : also 
 profession of religion. 
 
 Soporific sermous . . . closed the domestic 
 relirjinsities of those melancholy days. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. ix. 
 
 He was obstinate and ruthless, and in 
 spite of his religiosity (for all men were 
 
 religious then) was by no means a "con- 
 sistent walker." Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xiii. 
 
 RELIQ0ATION, upshot; that which is 
 got by liquation, or, perhaps, the resi- 
 duum ? 
 
 The reliquation of that which preceded is, 
 it looks not all like Popery that Presby- 
 terism was disdained by the king : his father 
 had taught him that it was a sect so per- 
 fidious, that he found more faith among the 
 Highlanders. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 
 197. 
 
 RELISHABLE, capable of being relished 
 or enjoyed. 
 
 By leeven soured we make relishable bread 
 for the use of man. Adams, ii. 346. 
 
 RELY, to rest (physically). 
 Ah. see how His most holy Hand relies 
 Vpon His knees to vnder-prop His charge. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 15. 
 
 RELY TO, to rely on. 
 
 Instead of apologies and captation of good 
 will, he relies to this fort, passeth not for 
 man's day. Ward, Sermons, p. 107. 
 
 REMARKABLE, a noteworthy thing : 
 for similar uses see s. v. OBSERVABLES. 
 
 Jerusalem won by the Turk, with wofull 
 remarkables thereat. Fuller, Holy War, Bk. 
 II. ch. xlvi. (title). 
 
 The northern parts with much ice have 
 some crystal, and want not their remarkables. 
 Ibid., Holy State, III. iv. 6. 
 
 In other remarkables Cade differed from 
 Jack Straw. Ibid., Ch. Hist., IV. iii. 22. 
 
 The chief remarkable there was a little 
 port which that gentleman with great con- 
 trivance, and after many disappointments, 
 made for securing small craft that carried 
 out his salt and coal. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 266. 
 
 REMBLERE, riddle (?). 
 
 Would any antiquarie would explicate 
 unto mee this remblere or quidditie whether 
 those turbauto groutheads, that hang all 
 men by the throates on iron hookes (even as 
 our toers hang all there herrings by the 
 throates on wodden spits) first learnd it of 
 our herring-men, or our herring-men of them. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 166). 
 
 REMEANT, returning. 
 
 Most exalted Prince, 
 Whose peerless Knighthood, like the remeant 
 
 sun, 
 After too long a night regilds our clay. 
 
 Kinysley, Saint's Tragedy, ii. 8. 
 
 REMEMBERABLE, capable of being re- 
 membered ; memorable. 
 
 Eightly it is said of utter, utter misery 
 that it " cannot be remembered." Itself, as 
 
 K N
 
 REMEMBERABLY ( 546 ) 
 
 REP 
 
 a rememberable thing, is swallowed up in its 
 own chaos. De (^uincey, Autob. Sketches, 
 ch. i. 
 
 Bear witness that rememberable day, 
 "When, pale as yet, and fever - worn, the 
 
 Prince 
 Who scarce had pluck'd his flickering life 
 
 again, 
 From half - way down the shadow of the 
 
 grave, 
 Past with thee thro' thy people 'and their 
 
 love. Tennyson, To the (jueen. 
 
 REMEMBERABLY, in a way to be re- 
 membered. 
 
 My golden rule is to relate everything as 
 briefly, as perspicuously, and as rememberably 
 as possible. tiouthey, 1805 (Mem. of Taylor 
 of A'oncich, ii. 77). 
 
 REMEMBERER, one who remembers. 
 Miss Byron was not the first to make 
 the word. L. has it with extract from 
 Wotton. 
 
 This, Lucy, is the state of the unhappy 
 case, as briefly and as clearly as my memory 
 will serve to give it. And what a rememberer, 
 if I may make a word, is the heart ! Not a 
 circumstance escapes it. Richardson, Grandi- 
 son, iv. 66. 
 
 REMERCIES, thanks. Spenser uses 
 the verb (F. Q., II. xi. 16): a Galli- 
 cism. 
 
 So mildely did he beying the conquerour, 
 take the vnthankf ulnesse of persones by hym 
 conquered and subdued, who did . . . not 
 render thankes ne faie remercies, for that 
 thei had been let bothe safe and sounde. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 185. 
 
 REMIGABLE, fit to be rowed upon ; 
 the extract is a translation of Horace, 
 Ars Poet., 65, " aptaque remis." 
 Where steril remigable marshes now 
 Feed neighb'ring cities, and admit the plough. 
 Cotton's Montaiyne, ch. xxiv. 
 
 REMINDFUL, remembering. 
 Meanwhile, remindful of the convent bars, 
 Bianca did not watch these signs in vain. 
 
 Hood, Bianca s Dream. 
 
 REMINISCITORY, remembering, or hav- 
 ing to do with the memory. 
 
 I still have a reminiscitory spite against 
 Mr. Job Jonson. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixxiii. 
 
 REMISE, to send back, or resolve. 
 
 R. has the verb, but only as a legal 
 
 term. 
 
 Yet thinke not that this too-too-much re- 
 mises 
 
 Ought into nought. 
 
 Sylvester, 2nd day, 1st veek, 164. 
 
 REMISSES. negligences. 
 
 Such manner of men as by negligence of 
 magistrates and remisses of lawes, euery 
 couutrie breedeth great store of. Puttenham, 
 Eny. Poesie, Bk. i. ch. six. 
 
 REMONSTRABLE, demonstrable. 
 
 Was it such a sin for Adam to eat a for- 
 bidden apple? Yes; the greatness is re- 
 monstrable in the event. Adams, ii. 356. 
 
 REMONSTRATORY, expostulatory. 
 
 " Come, come, Sikes," said the Jew, appeal- 
 ing to him in a remonstratory tone. Dickens, 
 Oliver Twist, ch. xvi. 
 
 REMCTATION, changing back. 
 
 The mutation or rarefaction of water into 
 air takes place by day, the refutation or 
 condensation of air into water by night. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxvii. 
 
 RENDESVODSER, an associate. 
 
 His lordship retained such a veneration 
 for the memory of his noble friend and 
 patron Sir Jeofry Palmer, that all the old 
 rendesvousers with him, were so with his 
 lordship. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 
 291. 
 
 RENEGER, denier, renegade. 
 
 Their forefathers . . . were sometimes 
 esteemed blest Reformers by most of these 
 modern Renegers, Separates, and Apostates. 
 Gauden, Tears oft)ie Church, p. 57. 
 
 RENEGO, renegade ; perhaps a mis- 
 print for renegado. 
 
 This reneyo sailed from our ports in the 
 end of April. Hacket, Life of William $,\. 
 99. 
 
 RENNIBLE, fluent. 
 
 The like must we say for prayer ; the gift 
 whereof he may be truly said to have, not 
 that hath the most rennible tongue ; for 
 prayer is not so much a matter of the lips as 
 of the heart ; but he that hath the most 
 illuminated apprehension of the God to 
 whom he speaks. Bp. Hall, Works, vi. 478. 
 
 RENUNCIANCE, renunciation. 
 
 Each in silence, in tragical renunciance, 
 did find that the other was all too lovely. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 REP, apparently an inferior sort of 
 fiddle, or perhaps anything of an in- 
 ferior kind. H. gives it = " a jade, or 
 lean horse." 
 Thus prove a crowd a Stainer, or Amati, 
 
 No matter for the fiddle's sound ; 
 The fortunate possessor shall not bate ye 
 
 A doit of fifty, nay, a hundred pound : 
 And though what's vulgarly baptized a rep, 
 Shall in a hundred pounds be deemed dog- 
 cheap. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 152. 
 
 REP, abbreviation for reputation, 
 sneered at by Swift (in the Introduction
 
 REPAIRABLE 
 
 ( 547 ) REPRESENTEE 
 
 to Polite Conversation) and Addison ; 
 see quotation, s. v. Fos. It was mainly 
 used in the asseveration pon rep. 
 
 Flower'd callicoes that fill our shears, 
 And worn by dames of rep', as well as whores. 
 D'Uifey, Two Queens of Brentford, Act I. 
 Nev. Madam, have you heard that Lady 
 Queasy was lately at the Play-house in Cog? 
 Lady Srn. What, Lady Queasy of all women 
 in the world ! Do you say it upon rep ? 
 Nev. Pozz ; I saw her with my own eyes. 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 REPAIRABLE, capable of being re- 
 paired. See extract s. v. REPENTABLE. 
 L. gives repairable without example. 
 
 REPAIRER, restorer. 
 Abraham Ortelius, the repairer of ancient 
 geography. Holland's Cainden, ii. 221. 
 
 REPASTOUR, one who takes a repast. 
 
 They doe plye theire commons lyke quick 
 and greedye repastours. Stanyhurst, *&n., i. 
 217. 
 
 REPEAT, repetition. Achilles recapi- 
 tulates the causes which led to his 
 inaction, and' adds, '* And so of this 
 repeat enough" (Chapman, Iliad, xvi. 
 57). L. has repeat as a substantive, but 
 only as a musical term. 
 
 REPELLESS, invincible. 
 Two great Armados howrelie plow'd their 
 
 way, 
 
 And by assaulte made knowne repellesse 
 might. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir R. Grinuile, 
 p. 71. 
 
 REPENT, repentance. 
 
 Last a passion of repent, 
 Told me flat, that desire 
 "Was a brand of love's fire, 
 Which consumeth men in thrall, 
 Virtue, youth, wit, and all. 
 
 Greene, from Never too late, p. 295. 
 Repent hath sent me home with empty hands 
 At last to tell how rife our follies are. 
 
 Ibid., p. 299. 
 
 REPENTABLE, capable of being re- 
 pented of. 
 
 It seems scarce pardonable because 'tis 
 scarce a repentahle sin or repairable malice. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 65. 
 
 REPERRIWIG, to cover again at the 
 top, applied to leaves covering the 
 trees. Sylvester has the simple verb 
 "periwig'' 1 in the same connection 
 (Handie Crafts, 187). and is ridiculedfor 
 this by Dryden. Howell also (Dodona's 
 Grove, p. 100) speaks of '' Druina's 
 royall Oke, whose top being already 
 
 periwigs'd with snowy age, was sickly 
 and impotent." 
 
 The sappy blood 
 
 Of trees hath twice reperriwiyd the wood 
 Since the first siege. 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 815. 
 
 REPERTOR, finder. 
 
 Let others dispute whether Anah was the 
 inventor or only the repertor of mules, the 
 industrious founder, or the casual finder of 
 them. Fuller, Pisyah Sight, IV. ii. 32. 
 
 REPINE, grudge. 
 
 And ye, fair heaps, the Muses' sacred shrines, 
 (In spite of time and envious repines) 
 Stand still and flourish. 
 
 Hall, Satires, II. ii. 8. 
 
 REPLEAT, to fill full. 
 
 Cold and hunger never yet 
 
 Co'd a noble verse beget ; 
 
 But your boules with sack repleat. 
 
 Her rick, Hesperides, p. 233. 
 
 REFLEXION, reweaving (?), and so re- 
 flection ; for which it is perhaps a 
 misprint. 
 
 Now begins the sunne to give light unto 
 the ayre, and with the replexion of his beames 
 to warme the cold earth. Breton, Fantas- 
 tickes (Spring). 
 
 REPLICATE, to reply. 
 
 They cringing in their neckes, like rats 
 smothered in the holde poorely replicated, . . 
 " With hunger, and hope, and thirst wee 
 content ourselves." Nashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 180). 
 
 REPLUME, to preen again, to re-ar- 
 range. 
 
 The right hand replumed 
 His black locks to their wonted composure. 
 Browning, Saul. 
 
 REPORTORY, report. 
 
 In this transcursive repertory, without some 
 observant glance I may not dully overpasse 
 the gallant beauty of their haven. JVcwAe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 149). 
 
 REPOSURE, repose. 
 
 It was the Franciscans antient Dormitory, 
 as appeareth by the concavities still extant 
 in the walls, places for their severall reposure. 
 Fuller, Hist, of Camb., viii. 19. 
 
 REPRESENTEE, seems to mean, in the 
 extract, a representative ; it should 
 rather signify a person represented, a 
 constituent. The word occurs again 
 in the same sense, p. 495. 
 
 Which is no hard matter where Bishops 
 are chosen (as anciently they were) by the 
 suffrages of the Presbyters or Ministers of 
 the Diocese either personally present, or, to 
 avoid noise and tumult incident to many, by 
 N N 2
 
 REPROBABLE 
 
 ( 548 ) 
 
 RESCOUNTER 
 
 their proxies and representees chosen and sent 
 from their several! distributions. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 448. 
 REPROBABLE, reproveable. 
 
 It is nothynge reprolidble 
 To declare his mischefe and whordom. 
 Roy and Barlow, Rede me and be nott 
 
 wrothe, p. 26. 
 
 No thynge ther in was reprobable, 
 But all to gedder true and veritable, 
 Without heresy or eny faulte. 
 
 Ibid., p. 44. 
 REPROBACY, wickedness. 
 
 " I should be sorry," said he, " that the 
 wretch would die in his present state of 
 reprobacy." H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 
 134. 
 
 REPTONIZE, to lay out as Repton 
 would : a word formed like Macadamize, 
 Boswellize, &c. Humphrey Repton, 
 born 1752, died 1818, published 
 " Sketches and Hints on Landscape 
 Gardening" (1794). 
 
 Jackson assists me in Reptomfing the 
 garden. Southey, Letters, 1807 (ii. 4). 
 
 REPUBLICARIAN, a republican. 
 
 There were republicarians who would make 
 the Prince of Orange like a Statholder. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Jan. 15, 1689. 
 
 REPUBLICATE, to set forth afresh; 
 rehabilitate. 
 
 The Cabinet-men at "Wallingford-house 
 set upon it to consider what exploit this 
 lord should commence, to be the darling of 
 the Commons and as it were to republicate 
 his lordship, and to be precious to those who 
 had the vogue to be the chief lovers of their 
 country. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 137. 
 
 REPULLULATION, a rebudding. R. 
 and L. have the verb with one and the 
 same quotation from Howells Dodonas 
 Grove. Herrick has it also, p. 141. 
 Here I myselfe might likewise die, 
 And vtterly forgotten lye, 
 But that eternall poetrie 
 Repullulation gives me here 
 Unto the thirtieth thousand yeere, 
 When all now dead shall reappeare. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 284. 
 
 REPULLULESCENT, springing up afresh. 
 
 One would have believed this expedient 
 plausible enough, and calculated to obviate 
 the ill use a repullulescent faction might 
 make, if the other way was taken. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 190. 
 
 REPULPIT, to restore to the pulpit. 
 You have ousted the mock-priest, repulpited 
 The shepherd of St. Peter, raised the rood 
 
 agaiu 
 And brought us back the mass. 
 
 Tennyson, Q. Mary, i. 5. 
 
 REPURGE, to cleanse again. 
 
 All which haue either by their priuate 
 readings or publique workes repurged the 
 errors of Arts expelde from their puritie. 
 Nashe, Pref. to Greene's Menaphon, p. 11. 
 
 Repurge your spirits from euery hatefull 
 sin. Hudson's Judith, i. 188. 
 
 REPURPLE, to make purple again, to 
 doubly dye with purple. 
 
 The purple robe is oft re-purpelled 
 With royall blood. 
 
 Davies, Sir T. Overbury, p. 17. 
 
 REQUIESCENCE, return of rest. 
 
 Such bolts clutched promptly overnight, 
 and launched with the early new morning, 
 shall strike agitated Paris, if not into re- 
 quiescence, yet into wholesome astonishment. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. III. ch. viii. 
 
 REQUISITION, to require, and so, to 
 press into service. 
 
 Such hundredfold miscellany of teams, 
 requisitioned or lawfully owned, making way, 
 hitting together, hindering each other. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 Twelve thousand masons are requisitioned 
 from the neighbouring country to raze 
 Toulon from the face of the earth. Ibid., 
 Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 REQUITE, requital. 
 
 Is this thy just requite? Preston, K. 
 Cambises (Haickins, Eny. Dr., i. 285). 
 
 REQUITELESS, free ; voluntary ; not 
 given in return for something else. 
 For this His love requiteless doth approue, 
 He gaue her beeing meerly of free grace, 
 Before she was, or could His mercie moue. 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 68. 
 
 RERE-ACCOUNT, a supplemental 
 charge : an after-reckoning. 
 
 Such reckonings without the host are ever 
 subject to a rere-account. Fuller, Holy War, 
 III. ch. xxii. 
 
 Though the second offering of David was 
 far short of the first in number of talents, 
 yet it is beheld in Scripture as most solemn 
 and of highest importance. . . This insinu- 
 ates that at this rere-account the talents were 
 talents indeed, and though in number fewer, 
 in worth more considerable than the former. 
 Ibid., Pisgah Siyht, III. Pt. II. i. 5. 
 
 RE-RELAPSE, a repeated falling back. 
 
 Our sinnes (I feare) will worke worse after- 
 claps, 
 
 And ther's most danger in a re-relapse. 
 
 Sylvester, Miracle of Peace, Sonnet 35. 
 
 RESCOUNTER. Grose, who gives the 
 word in the plural, says, "The time of 
 settlement between the bulls and bears 
 of Exchange-alley, when the losers must
 
 RESEARCHER ( 549 ) RESURRECTIONIST 
 
 pay their differences, or become lame 
 ducks, and waddle out of the Alley." 
 
 You know the rescounter day, sir ; and if 
 Mr. Beverley does not pay his differences 
 within these four-and-twenty hours, the 
 world cannot hinder his being a lame duck. 
 Colman, Man of Business, iv. 1. 
 
 RESEARCHER, investigator. 
 
 He was too re6ned a researcher to lie open 
 to so gross an imposition. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, ii. 87. 
 
 EESHARE, to share again. 
 Semiramis (whose vertue past compare) 
 This furious passion her did so remoue 
 From that shee was, that lusting to reshare 
 Hir Sonne, her Soune her thread of life did 
 
 share. Davies, Microcosmos, p. 66. 
 
 RESIGNAL, resignation. Bp. Jacob- 
 son says, " I have not been able to trace 
 this form in any other writer." The 
 words are the opening of a sermon on 
 1 Sam. xii. 3. 
 
 A bold and just challenge of an old Judge 
 made before all the people upon his resicjnal 
 of the government into the hands of a new 
 King. Sanderson, ii. 330. 
 
 RESIGNANT, resigner. 
 
 Upon the 25th of October Sir John Suck- 
 ling brought the warrant from the King to 
 receive the Seal ; and the good news came 
 together, very welcome to the resiynant, 
 that Sir Thomas Coventry should have that 
 honour. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 27. 
 
 RESILIENT, springing back : resilience 
 is in the Diets. 
 
 Their act and search 
 
 Stretched to the furthest is resilient ever, 
 And in resilience hath its plenary force. 
 
 Taylor. Edwin the Fair, iii. 5. 
 
 RESINK, to sink again. 
 When Thou hadst plung'd me in the Font of 
 
 Grace, 
 
 So clens'd the filth I was concerned in, 
 Though there I vow'd to keepe me in that 
 
 case, 
 
 I brake my vow, and me resuncke in sinne. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 29. 
 
 RESISTANT, antagonistic : a favourite 
 word with G. Eliot. Bp. Pearson, 
 quoted by R. and L., has it as a sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 This excommunication . . . simplified and 
 ennobled the resistant position of Savon- 
 arola. G. Eliot, Eomola, ch. Iv. 
 
 RESPIRING, breath. 
 They could not stir him from his stand, 
 
 although he wrought it out 
 "With short respirinys, and with sweat. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvi. 102. 
 
 RESPLENDISHING, new splendour. R. 
 has the word as an adjective, with ex- 
 tract from Elyot. 
 
 And as the Sunne doth glorifie each thing 
 (Howeuer base) on which he deigns to 
 
 smile ; 
 
 So your cleare eyes doe giue resplendishiny 
 To all their objects, be they ne'er so vile. 
 Davies, Mitse's Sacrifice, p. 7. 
 
 REST, a wrest by which the strings 
 of musical instruments were tightened. 
 
 Home, calling on the virginall maker, buy 
 ing a rest for myself to tune my tryangle. 
 Pepys, April 1, 1663. 
 
 RESTANT, in possession of. 
 
 With him they were restant all those 
 things that the foolish virgins could wish 
 for, beauty, daintie, delicates, riches, faire 
 speech. Holland's Camden, p. 362. 
 
 RESULTIVE, reciprocal. 
 
 There is such a sympathy betwixt several 
 sciences (as also betwixt the learned lan- 
 guages) that (as in a regular fortification 
 one piece strengthened another) a resultive 
 firmness ariseth from their complication. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., Bk. II. Dedication. 
 
 RESURGE, to rise again ; a word 
 jocularly coined from the hatchment- 
 motto, Resurgam. 
 
 1 wish my grandfather were here, and 
 would resurge, as he promises to do on his 
 tombstone. Thackeray, Virginians, ch. viii. 
 
 Hark at the dead jokes resurging ! Ibid., 
 Eoundalout Papers, xviii. 
 
 RESURGENT, rising again. 
 
 The resurgent threatening past was making 
 a conscience within him. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. Ixi. 
 
 RESURRECTIONARY, rising again, re- 
 viving. 
 
 Old men and women, ugly and blind, who 
 always seemed by resurrectionaiy process to 
 be recalled out of the elements for the 
 sudden peopling of the solitude. Dickens, 
 Uncommercial Traveller, vii. 
 
 RESURRECTIONIST, one who digs up 
 corpses in order to sell them to the 
 surgeons for dissection. The crimes of 
 Burke and Hare and Bishop who mur- 
 dered people in order to sell their 
 bodies caused an Act to be passed in 
 1832, which provided that unclaimed 
 bodies in workhouses, hospitals, &c., 
 should be given for dissection. This 
 stopped the trade of the resurrection- 
 ists, and the word is likely to become 
 less and less familiar. In the extract 
 it is used metaphorically.
 
 RETAIL 
 
 ( 55 ) 
 
 RE VOKE 
 
 He was merely a resurrectionist of obsolete 
 heresies. Miss Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xi. 
 
 RETAIL, retaliation ; law of retail = 
 lex talionis. 
 
 He that doth injury may well receive it. 
 To look for good and do bad is against the 
 law of retail. Adams, ii. 116. 
 
 RETENT. H. gives tent = to scare, 
 as a Yorkshire word : perhaps this is 
 the sense of relent in the extract. 
 Their hidions horses braying loud and clear, 
 Their Pagans fell with clamour huge to hear, 
 Made such a dinne as made the heauen re- 
 sound, 
 Relented hell, and tore the fixed ground. 
 
 Hudson? s Judith, iii. 134. 
 
 RETEX, to reweave ; alter. 
 
 Neither King James, King Charles, nor 
 any Parliament which gave due bearing to 
 the frowardness of some complaints did ever 
 appoint that any of his orders should be re- 
 texed. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 57. 
 
 RETICULE, a lady's hand-bag, pro- 
 perly of net-work. L. has the word 
 without example. 
 
 There were also five loads of straw, but 
 then of those a lady could take no more 
 than her reticule could carry. De Quincey, 
 Spanish Nun, sect. 9. 
 
 RETRACT, a retreat. 
 
 They erected forts and houses in the open 
 plains, turning the natives into the woods 
 aud places of fastnesse, whence they made 
 eruptions and retracts at pleasure. Hoicell, 
 Dodona's Grove, p. 35. 
 
 RETRACTILE, capable 'of being drawn 
 back. 
 
 The pieces in a telescope are retractile 
 within each other. Kirby and Spence, Ento- 
 mology, i. 151. 
 
 RETREATER, one who gives way or 
 retreats. 
 
 He stopt and drew the retreaters up into a 
 body, and made a stand for an bower with 
 them. Prince Rupert's beating up the rebels' 
 Quarters at Post-combe and Chenner, p. 8. 
 
 RETREATMENT, retreat ; in the ex- 
 tract = the Hegira. 
 
 Our Prophet's great retreatment we 
 From Mecca to Medina see. 
 
 D'Urfey, Plague of Impertinence. 
 
 RETRIBUTOR, repayer. 
 
 God is a just judge, a retributor of every 
 man his own. Adams, i. 196. 
 
 RETROSPECT, to look back upon. 
 
 Yoii and I have often retrospected the 
 faces and minds of grown people ; that is to 
 say, have formed images for [from ?] their 
 
 present appearances outside and in (as far as 
 the manners of the person would justify us 
 in the latter) what sort of figures they made 
 when boys and girls. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, ii. 8. 
 
 My life, any more than yours, may not be 
 a long one ; and I will not sully the white- 
 ness of it (pardon my vanity, I presume to 
 call it so on retrospectiny it, regarding my 
 intentions only) by giving way to an act of 
 injustice. Ibid., Grandison, vi. 61. 
 
 RETT, hunt? 
 
 Some members took up the greatest part 
 of the time in speaking to the redress of 
 petty grievances, like spaniels that rett after 
 larks and sparrows in the field, and pass over 
 the best game. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 
 109. 
 
 REUMICAST, mucus of the nose. 
 
 Betweene the filthy reumicast of his blood- 
 shotten snowt there appeared smal holes. 
 Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier (Harl. 
 Misc., v. 404). 
 
 REVEL-DASH, noise; riot. Cf. revel- 
 coyle and revel-rout in N. 
 
 Have a flurt and a crash, 
 Now play revel-dash. 
 
 Green, Friar Bacon, p. 164. 
 
 REVENDED, endowed with income or 
 revenue. 
 
 Sir Edmund de Trafford, f Kn 'f hts > 
 Sir Thomas DeAshton, 'j - 
 
 Fuller, Worthies, Lancashire (i. 554) 
 REVERABLE, to be revered. 
 
 The character of a gentleman is the most 
 reverahle, the highest of all characters. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 115. 
 
 REVICT, to reconquer; reobtain. 
 
 Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, upon a full 
 hearing, adjudged these two sued-for pre- 
 bends clearly to be returned to the Church, 
 until by common law they could, if possibly, 
 be r 'evicted. Bp. Hall, Autob., p. xxvii. 
 
 REVIEWAGE, work of reviewing. 
 
 "Whatever you order down to me in the 
 way of reviewaye I shall of course execute. 
 W. Taylor of Norwich, 1807 (3femoirs,ii. 214). 
 
 REVIVE, revival. 
 
 Hee is dead, and therefore grieue not thy 
 memorie with the imagination of his new 
 reuiue. Greene, Menaphon, p. 50. 
 
 REVOKE, a term at whist ; a revoke 
 takes place when the player does not 
 follow the suitjed, though able to do so. 
 
 She never made a revoke ; nor ever passed 
 it over in her adversary without exacting 
 the utmost forfeiture. Lamb, Essays of Elia 
 (Mrs. Battle on Whist).
 
 REVOLUTIONARY ( 551 ) 
 
 RIB ROAST 
 
 Lord ! Hazel dean ; why that's the most 
 bare-faced revoke, ha, ha, ha! trump the 
 queen of diamonds, and play out the king! 
 "Well, I never ! Lytton, My Novel, Bk. i. 
 ch. xii. 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY, a promoter of revo- 
 lutions ; a revolutionist. 
 
 It is necessary for every student of history 
 to know what manner of men they are who 
 become revolutionaries, and what causes 
 drive them to revolution. C. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, Preface (1862). 
 
 REVOLVE, revolution : also, thought. 
 "When Midelton saw Grinuill's hie revolve, 
 Past hope, past thought, past reach of all 
 
 aspire, 
 
 Ouce more to moue him flic, he doth resolue. 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir R. 
 
 Grinuile, p. 59. 
 
 In all revolves and turns of state 
 Decreed by (what dee call him) fate. 
 
 D'Urfey, Callings Walk, cant. i. 
 
 RE-WATER, to pour water on again. 
 The Vrchin of the Sea in pieces rent, 
 Re-water'd joynes, and Hues incontinent. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 64. 
 
 RE-YOUNG, to make young again ; to 
 refresh. See extract s. v. GLASS. 
 
 RHETORY, a rhetorician. 
 
 They are (and that cannot be otherwise) 
 of the same profession with the rhetories at 
 Rome, as much used to defend the wrong as 
 to protect and maintain the most upright 
 cause. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 72. 
 
 RHIMY, rhyming. 
 
 Playing rhimy plays with scurvy heroes. 
 T. Brown, Works, III. 39. 
 
 RHINOCEROT, rhinoceros. This form 
 appears in the authorized version of 
 1611 (Isa. xxxiv. 7, margin), but is 
 altered in modern Bibles. 
 
 But his huge strength and subtle wit can not 
 Defend him from the sly rhinocerot. 
 
 Sylvester, Sixth day, first week, 53. 
 
 For a plough he got 
 The horn or tooth of som rhinocerot. 
 
 Ibid., Handie Crafts, 295. 
 
 RHOTACISM. See second quotation, 
 and s. v. WHARLING. 
 
 Young Daniel was free from all the isms 
 in Lily, and from rhotacism to boot. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. xvii. 
 
 Neither the Spaniards nor Portuguese 
 retain in their speech that strong rhotacism 
 which they denoted by the double rr, aud 
 which Camden and Fuller notice as peculiar 
 to the people of Carlton in Leicestershire. 
 Ibid., ch. ccxxiii. 
 
 RHUBARB, used adjectivally = bitter. 
 
 But with your rhubarb words ye must con- 
 tend 
 To grieve me worse. 
 
 Sidney, Astr. and Stella, xiv. 
 
 RHUBARBARUM, rhubarb. 
 
 Children if one should begin to 
 
 tell them the nature of the Aloes or Rhu- 
 barbarum they should receive, would sooner 
 take their Physick at their ears than at their 
 mouth. Sidney, Defence of Poesie, p. 550. 
 
 RIAL. H. says, "an English gold 
 coin worth about fifteen shillings," but 
 gives no example. 
 
 In like manner, you farmers and franklins, 
 you yomen and rich cobbes, abroad with 
 your rusty ryals and your old angels which 
 you hourd up. Aylmer, Harborough, &c., 
 1554 (Maitland on Reformation, p. 221). 
 
 RIBANDS, reins. 
 We have all heard it said in the course of 
 
 our lives, 
 " Needs must when a certain old gentleman 
 
 drives ; " 
 
 'Tis the same with a lady, if once she con- 
 trives 
 To get hold of the ribands, how vainly one 
 
 strives 
 To escape from her lash, or to shake off her 
 
 gyves. Ingoldsby Legends (S. Odille). 
 
 He drove his own phaeton when it was 
 decidedly low for a man of fashion to handle 
 the ribands. Phillips, Essays from the Times, 
 i. 76. 
 
 If he had ever held the coachman's ribbons 
 in his hands, as I have in my younger days, 
 he would know that stopping is not always 
 easy. G. Eliot, Felix Holt, ch. xvii. 
 
 RIBBANINGS, ribbons. 
 
 The fairie-psalter, 
 
 Grac't with the trout-flies' curious wings, 
 Which serve for watched ribbaninys. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 96. 
 What gloves we'll give and ribanings. 
 
 Ibid., p. 231. 
 
 RIBLESS, without ribs ; so fat that 
 the ribs cannot be felt. 
 Where toil shall call the charmer health his 
 
 bride, 
 And laughter tickle plenty's ribless side. 
 
 Coleridge, To a Young Ass. ] 
 
 RIB ROAST, to beat, is illustrated in 
 the Diets. ; but in the subjoined " to 
 give a rib to roast " does not seem to 
 submit to a beating, but rather to exact 
 retribution. 
 
 Though the skorneful do mocke me for a 
 time, yet in the ende I hope to giue them al 
 a ryl>be to roste for their paynes. Gascoigne, 
 Steel Glass, Ep. Ded.
 
 RICK 
 
 ( 552 ) 
 
 RILE 
 
 KICK, a heap ; usually applied to hay 
 
 or corn. 
 
 Great King, whence came this courage (Titan- 
 like), 
 
 So many hils to heap vpon a rick. 
 
 Sylveste)', The Magnificence, 1147. 
 
 EICKETLY, afflicted with rickets, and 
 so, weak. See another extract from 
 Gauden s. v. STOP-GAME. 
 
 No wonder if the whole constitution of 
 Keligion grow weak, ricketly, and consump- 
 tuous. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 262. 
 
 EID, to clear ground. 
 
 A short time ago, as some persons were 
 ridding a piece of ground near Matlock 
 Bank, . . . they discovered an old pig of 
 lead buried a few inches below the surface. 
 Archaol., vii. 170 (1785). 
 
 EIDEABLE, capable of being ridden. 
 I rode everything rideable. Savage, R. 
 Medlicoit, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 RIDE AND TIE. See quotation. 
 
 Mr. Adams discharged the bill, and they 
 were both setting out, having agreed to ride 
 and tie; a method of travelling much used 
 by persons who have but one horse between 
 them, and is thus performed. The two tra- 
 vellers set out together, one on horseback, 
 the other on foot : Now as it generally hap- 
 pens that he on horseback outgoes him on 
 foot, the custom is that when he arrives at 
 the distance agreed on, he is to dismount, 
 tie his horse to some gate, tree, post, or other 
 thing, and then proceed on foot ; when the 
 other comes up to the horse, unties him, 
 mounts, and gallops on ; till having passed 
 by his fellow-traveller, he likewise arrives at 
 the place of tying. Fielding, Joseph Andrews, 
 Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 RIDENT, smiling ; grinning. 
 
 A smile so wide and steady, so exceedingly 
 rident indeed as almost to be ridiculous, may 
 be drawn upon her buxom face, if the artist 
 chooses to attempt it. Thackeray, Neiccomes, 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 RIDER, a commercial traveller. 
 They come to us as riders in a trade, 
 And with much art exhibit and persuade. 
 
 Crabbe, Borough, Letter iv. 
 
 Its master ne'er maintained a rider, 
 Like those who trade in Paternoster Row, 
 But made his business travel for itself, 
 Till he had made his pelf. 
 
 Hood, A fairy tale. 
 
 RIDERLESS, without a rider. 
 He caught a riderless horse, and the cornet 
 mounted. H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. liv. 
 
 RIDICULOSITY, a joke ; something to 
 raise a laugh. 
 
 Bring your good-natured Muses, all your 
 witty jests, your bywords, your banters, 
 your pleasantries, your pretty sayings, and 
 all your ridiculosities along with you. 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 64. 
 
 RIG, to make free with. 
 Some prowleth for fewel, and some away 
 
 rig 
 Fat goose and the capon, duck, hen, and the 
 
 pig. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 43. 
 
 If he presume to enter our house, and rig 
 euery corner, searching more then belongs 
 to his office, we lay holde on his locks, turue 
 him away with his backe full of stripes, and 
 his handes laden with his owne ameudes. 
 Gosson, Schoole of Abuse, p. 54. 
 
 RIGGED, ridged, hunched. Hall 
 reckons among popular sights 
 The young elephant, or two-tailed steer, 
 Or the riyg'd camel, or the fiddling frere. 
 
 Satires, IV. ii. 96. 
 
 RIGHT-HANDED, a right-handed error 
 = a mistake on the right side, an error 
 arising from pushing to excess that 
 which in itself is right. 
 
 St. Paul tells us of divisions, and factions, 
 and schisms that were in the Church of 
 Corinth ; yet these were not about the 
 essentials of religion, but about a right- 
 handed error, even too much admiration of 
 their pastors. Eramhall, ii. 28. 
 
 RIGHTLESS, wrongfully; in the second 
 quotation it means deprived of rights. 
 See another instance from Sylvester of 
 the first sense, s. v. TAXLESS. 
 
 "Whoso enters riyhtles 
 By force, is forced to go out with shame. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 37. 
 
 Thou art liable to the Ban of the Empire 
 
 hast deserved to be declared outlawed and 
 
 fugitive, landless and rightless. Scott, 
 
 Quentin Duncard, ii. 87. 
 
 RIG-MY-ROLL, prolix ; circuitous. See 
 N. s. v. ragman s roll. The extract is 
 noteworthy for the spelling, and the 
 adjectival use ; the meaning here seems 
 to be routine. See the explanation of 
 rigmarole in L. 
 
 You must all of you go in one riy-my-roll 
 way, in one beaten track. Richardson, 
 Grandison, vi. 155. 
 
 RIGORISM, stiffness, austerity. 
 
 Your morals have a flavour of rigorism; 
 they are sour, morose, ill-natur'd, and call 
 for a dram of Charity. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 69. 
 
 RILE, to irritate. This word is some- 
 times regarded as an Americanism, but 
 it is not so. See ROIL.
 
 RILL 
 
 ( 553 ) 
 
 RIVALESS 
 
 Eh but the moor she riled me, she druv 
 me to drink the moor. 
 
 Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 RILL, a little stream. The quotation 
 is only noteworthy as showing that 
 the word was unfamiliar to North, who 
 perhaps thought it peculiar to the 
 county (Devonshire) of which he was 
 speaking. The Diets., however, show 
 that it was used by Drayton, Milton, 
 Pope, &c. 
 
 It stands at the mouth of a rill (as it is 
 called) of water. North, Life of Lord Guil- 
 ford, i. 266. 
 
 RIMLESS, without a rim. 
 The other wore a rimless hat. Words- 
 worth, Beggars. 
 
 RINET, rind, crust, that which binds 
 together. 
 Thee water hard curded with the chil ysie 
 
 rinet. Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 136. 
 And toe mar a virgin, to a freend such 
 
 curtesye tending 
 "Were not a practise honest, nor a preede toe 
 
 be greatlye recounted ; 
 Thee rinet of friendship, vertu, such treach- 
 
 erye damneth. Ibid., p. 139. 
 
 RING, to lunge, q. v. 
 
 She caught a glimpse through the glass 
 door^opeuing on the park, of the General, 
 and a fine horse they were ringing. Miss 
 Edgeworth, Helen, ch. vi. 
 
 RING, fourth finger, or ring-finger. 
 
 The thumb in chiromancy we give Venus, 
 The forefinger to Jove, the midst to Saturn, 
 The ring to Sol, the least to Mercury. 
 
 Jonson, Alchemist, I. i. 
 
 RING-DROPPER, one who for swindling 
 purposes scrapes acquaintance with a 
 stranger hy asking him if he is the 
 owner of a ring which the sharper 
 pretends to have picked up. Cf . MONEY- 
 DROPPER. 
 
 Tom's evil genius did not . . . mark him 
 out as the prey of ring-droppers, pea and 
 thimble-riggers, duffers, touters, or any of 
 those bloodless sharpers. Dickens, M. Chuz- 
 deirit, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 RING-FENCE, an encircling fence. 
 
 In that Augustan era we descry a clear 
 belt of cultivation, . . running in a ring-fence 
 about the Mediterranean. De Quincey, 
 Eoman Meals. 
 
 RING-HEDGE, ring-fence ; boundary 
 encircling property, &c. 
 
 Lo, how Apollo's Pegasses prepare 
 To rend the ring-hedge of our Horizon. 
 
 JJavies, Summa Totalis, p. 11. 
 
 RINGLE, to ring hogs. 
 For rooting of pasture ring hog ye had neede, 
 Which being wel rinyled the better do feede : 
 Though yong with their elders wil lightly 
 
 keepe best, 
 Yet spare not to ringle both great and the 
 
 rest. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 41. 
 
 RIOTRY, riotousness. 
 I hope your electioneering riotry has not, 
 nor wiU mix in these tumults. Walpole, 
 Letters, iv. 221 (1780). 
 
 They at will 
 
 Enter'd our houses, lived upon our means 
 In riotry, made plunder of our goods. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. I. i. 3. 
 It [Punch's] is a voice that seems to be as 
 much in accord with the noise of towns and 
 the riotry of fairs, as the note of the cuckoo 
 with the joyousness of spring fields. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. xxiii. 
 
 RIPPLE, to rub the seed vessels off 
 flax. See extract from Howell, s. v. 
 BRAKE. 
 
 RIPPONEERS, men of Ripon. 
 
 The Corporation of Eippon in Yorkshire 
 presented their petition to Queen Anne . . . 
 the Ripponeers humbly addressed themselves 
 to Queen Anne. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. ii. 15. 
 
 RISE, to take a rise out of a person 
 = to make him a butt, or to provoke 
 him (slang). 
 
 Possibly taking a rise out of his worship 
 the corregidor as a repeating echo of Don 
 Quixote. De Quincey, Spanish Nun, sect, 
 xxiii. 
 
 RISE-BUSHES, sticks cut for burning. 
 See H. s. v. rise. 
 
 The streets were barricadoed up with 
 chaines, harrowes, and waggons of bavins 
 or rise-bushes. Relation of Action before 
 Cyrencester (1642), p. 4. 
 
 RISKY, attended with risk or danger. 
 
 No young lady in Miss Verinder's position 
 
 could manage such a risky matter as that 
 
 by herself ; a go-between she must have. 
 
 Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone, Pt. I. ch. xxi. 
 
 RITHER, rudder. 
 
 He jumpeth and courseth this way and 
 that way, as a man roving without a mark, 
 or a ship fleeting without a rither. Jewel, 
 iii. 136. 
 
 RITRATTO, picture (Italian). 
 
 let not this ritratto of a large landscape 
 be thought trifling. North, Examen, p. 251. 
 
 'Tis more like a ritratto of the shadow of 
 Vanity herself. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, iv. 186. 
 
 RIVALESS, female rival. 
 
 Oh, my happy rivaless ! if you tear from
 
 RIVERL1NG 
 
 ( 554 ) ROBIN HOOD'S 
 
 me my husband, he is in his own disposal, 
 and I cannot help it. Richardson, Pamela, 
 iv. 153. 
 
 RIVERLING, rivulet or spring. 
 [Of him she also holds her siluer springs, 
 ' And all her hidden crystall riverlinys. 
 
 Sylvester, 3rd day, 1st week, 133. 
 [God] sent as from the liuely spring 
 Of His Diuineness som small riuerling. 
 
 Ibid., 6th day, 1st week, 755. 
 RIVET, bearded wheat. 
 "White wheat or else red, red riuet or whight, 
 Far passeth all other for land that is light. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 49. 
 
 ROAD- WORTHY, fit for travelling; 
 likely to go well. 
 
 It was one of the rapidest constitutions 
 ever put together ; made, some say, in eight 
 days, by Herault Sechelles and others ; pro- 
 bably a workmanlike road-worthy constitution 
 enough. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. III. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 ROANED, roan (?) ; yet it seems used 
 as a depreciatory term rather than as 
 denoting colour. 
 
 [He] had euer more pitty on one good 
 paced mare then two roaned curtalles. 
 Breton, Merry Wonders, p. 6. 
 
 ROAR. Up in a roar = in an uproar. 
 
 "When Demosthenes refused to doe it, the 
 people began to be vp in a rare against hym. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 371. 
 
 ROARER, a broken-winded horse. 
 
 His stalls in London were crowded with 
 useless steeds, his stalls at Melton inhabited 
 by slugs and roarers. Th. Hook, Man of 
 many friends. 
 
 I never heard but one worse roarer in my 
 life, and that was a roan : it belonged to 
 Pegwell the corn-factor; he used to drive 
 him in his gig seven years ago, and he 
 wanted me to take him, but I said, " Thank 
 you, Peg, I don't deal in wind instruments. 
 . . But what the hell ! the horse was a penny 
 trumpet to that roarer of yours." G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xxiii. 
 
 ROASTER, a sucking-pig fit for roast- 
 ing. 
 
 "When we keep a roaster of the sucking 
 pigs, we choose, and praise at table most, 
 the favourite of its mother. Blackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. 1. 
 
 ROAST MEAT. To cry roast meat, not 
 to be able to keep one's good fortune to 
 one-self. 
 
 He might have swallowed those holy (but 
 now desecrated) morsells in secret, and not 
 have proclaimed on the housetop to all the 
 world the rost-meat he hath gotten. Gauden, 
 Tc'irs of the Church, p. 682. 
 
 They may imagine that to trumpet forth 
 
 the praises of such a person would, in the 
 vulgar phrase, be crying Roast Meat, and 
 calling in partakers of what they intend to 
 apply solely to their own use. Fielding, 
 Tom Jones, Bk. IV. ch. v. 
 
 The foolish beast not being able to fare 
 well but he must cry roast meat . . . would 
 needs proclaim his good fortune to the world 
 below. Lamb, Essays of Eiia (Christ's Hos- 
 pital). 
 
 ROATING. H. gives " rooty ; rank, 
 as grass. Yorkshire." 
 
 The good shepherd will not let his sheep 
 feed in hurtful and rooting pastures. Pit- 
 kington, p. 490. 
 
 ROB-ALTAR, a sacrilegious plunderer. 
 
 " Will a man rob God ? " . . . But alas 
 what law can be given to rob-altars ? 
 Adams, i. 179. 
 
 ROBE, the legal profession. Gentle- 
 men of the robe or long robe = barris- 
 ters. In the first extract from Foote 
 he uses it of the clergy also : " the 
 gown " is the more usual term for that 
 profession. 
 
 Squires of the long robe, he does humbly show 
 He has a just right in abusing you 
 Because he is a Brother-Templar too. 
 
 Wycherley, Plain Dealer (Epilogue). 
 
 Our ancestors unquestionably were at that 
 time unblessed by the liberal and learned 
 profession of the long robe. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality, i. 248. 
 
 The two orders of the long robe next de- 
 mand our attention, and . . the pre-eminence 
 is unquestionably due to the priesthood. 
 Foote, The Orators, Act I. 
 
 I was some years in the Temple, but the 
 death of my brother robb'd the robe of my 
 labours. Ibid., Lame Lover, Act III. 
 
 His honour was even then a gentleman of 
 the long robe, being in truth a baby in arms. 
 Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, xviii. 
 
 ROBIN, a trimming on the front of 
 the dress. 
 
 In this parcel pinned together are several 
 pieces of printed calico, remnants of silk, 
 and such like, that, if good luck should 
 happen, and I should get work, would serve 
 for robins and facings. Richardson, Pamela, 
 i. 98. 
 
 I most gladly assented, and got my work, 
 of which I have no small store, believe me ! 
 morning caps, robins, &c. &c., all to pre- 
 pare from day to day. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, iv. 171. 
 
 Robins, and caps, and sheets, and pillow-cases 
 Lose their sad stains, and smile with lily- 
 faces. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 237. 
 
 ROBIN HOOD'S PENNY-WORTHS. 
 first extract. 
 
 See
 
 ROB OR ATE 
 
 ( 555 ) 
 
 ROLLICK 
 
 " To sell Robin Hood's penny-worths." It 
 is spoken of things sold under half their 
 value ; or, if you will, half sold, half given. 
 Robin Hood came lightly by his ware, and 
 lightly parted therewith ; so that he could 
 afford the length of his Bow for a yard of 
 Velvet. "Whithersoever he came, he carried 
 a Fair along with him, Chapmen crowding 
 to buy his stollen commodities. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Notts. 
 
 Soldiers seized on all that he had in Aires- 
 ford for the use of the Parliament (as they 
 pretended), but sold as they passed along to 
 any chapman at inconsiderable rates, Robin 
 Hood's pennyworths, what they had a mind 
 to. Barnard, Life of Heylin, p. cxli. 
 
 ROBORATE, to strengthen. 
 
 This Bull also relateth to ancient privi- 
 ledges of Popes and Princes bestowed upon 
 her ; which herein are roborated and con- 
 firmed. Fuller, Hist, of Camb., ii. 36. 
 
 ROB- THIEF, one who steals from 
 another. 
 
 His extortion hath erst stolen from others, 
 and now he plays rob-thief, and steals from 
 himself. Adams, i. 195. 
 
 ROCH, to harden like a rock. 
 Thee winter's coldnesse thee riuer hardlye 
 rocking. Stanyhurst, Conceites, p. 136. 
 
 ROCHET, a bishop ; he being desig- 
 nated by a distinctive part of his dress ; 
 so we now sometimes speak of ' a 
 muster of lawn- sleeves." The word is 
 also used adjectivally = episcopal. 
 
 Take glorious Gardiner, blow-bolle Bonner, 
 tottering Tunstal, wagtaile "Weston, and 
 carted Chicken, and all the other fine Rochet 
 men of England. Sale's Decl. of Banner's 
 Articles, Art. xxiv. 
 
 Our prelatical schism and captivity to 
 rochet apophthegms. Milton, Of Reform- 
 ation in Eny., Bk. II. 
 
 They would strain us out a certain figur- 
 ative prelate, by wringing the collective 
 allegory of those seven angels into seven 
 single rochets. Ibid., Reason of Ch. Gov., 
 Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 ROCK, a hard sweetmeat. See ex- 
 tract S. V. BULLSEYE. 
 
 ROCKISH, rocky. 
 
 Thee pacient panting shee thumpt and launst 
 
 wyth a fyre bolt, 
 And wythal his carcasse on rockish pinnacle 
 
 hanged. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 54. 
 
 ROCKRAY, rock array (?), a shelf of 
 rocks. 
 
 Then we grate on rockrayes and bancks of 
 stoanye Pachyuus. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 714. 
 
 ROCK-WATER. 
 
 An essay upon ice, or a treatise of the 
 sovereign efficacy of rock-water . . will be a 
 very cooling satisfaction to your parboil'd 
 friends. T. Brown, Works, ii. 191. 
 
 The river Wherfe . . runs in a bed of stone, 
 and looks as clear as rock-water. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Britain, iii. 124. 
 
 "While I . . am all on fire with the rage of 
 slighted love, thou art regaling thyself 
 with phlegm and rock-water. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, vii. 131. 
 
 I dare say she has signified this reconcili- 
 ation to her with intermingled phlegm and 
 wormwood ; and her invitation most cer- 
 tainly runs all in the rock-water style. Ibid., 
 vii. 239. 
 
 ROCOLO, cloak; roquelaure. Cf. 
 
 ROQUELO. 
 
 I have often seen him strolling in the 
 most shady and unfrequented parts of the 
 Elysian fields, muffled up in a plain brown 
 rocolo. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 353. 
 
 ROOSTER, angler. I do not know of 
 any authority for this word except the 
 newspaper cited, nor does it seem to 
 be much wanted. 
 
 The affair was under the control of the 
 Sheffield Amalgamated Anglers' Association, 
 and there were close upon 500 competitors, 
 who included in their ranks rodsters from 
 all parts of the three kingdoms. Leeds Mer- 
 cury, July 8, 1879, p. 8. 
 
 ROE, red. 
 
 So doth the fox the lamb destroy, we see, 
 The lion fierce the beaver roe or grey. 
 
 Denny s, Secrets of Angling (Eny. 
 Garner, i. 172). 
 
 ROIL, to make turbid ; hence an 
 angry person is said to be riled. 
 
 What are the chief miseries of this life 
 but the sordid apparel of the soul, the black 
 thoughts, the speckled phantasies, dark ob- 
 livion, roiled soiled affections ? Ward, Ser- 
 mons, p. 65. 
 
 The lamb down stream roiled the wolf's 
 water above. North, Examen, p. 359. 
 
 The state was not very much roiled with 
 faction. Ibid., Life of Lord Guilford, i. 181. 
 
 His spirits were very much roiled. Ibid., 
 ii. 69. 
 
 That his friends . . . should believe it was 
 what roiled him extremely. Ibid., ii. 241. 
 
 ROLLERS, large waves. 
 
 From their feet stretched away to the 
 westward the sapphire rollers of the vast 
 Atlantic, crowned with a thousand crests of 
 flying foam. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. 
 xxxii. 
 
 ROLLICK, to frolic, to move gaily. 
 L. has rollicking as an adj., and this is 
 the usual form.
 
 ROLL UP 
 
 ( 556 ) 
 
 ROOMSTEAD 
 
 The shrieks of his lute rose shrill above 
 the shrieks of the flying and the wounded, 
 and its wild waltz-time danced and rollicked 
 on swifter and swifter as the old singer mad- 
 dened, in awful mockery of the terror and 
 agony around. Kinysley, Hypatia, ch. xxix. 
 
 ROLL UP, to chant. The editor 
 (Parker Soc. ) compares the expression 
 with running up the notes of the 
 gamut. 
 
 They care for no understanding : it is 
 enough if thou canst roll up a pair of matins 
 or an evensong, and mumble a few cere- 
 monies. Tyndale, i. 243. 
 
 ROLY-POLY, unstable. 
 
 "We have plotted and laboured long to 
 turn this glorious monarchy into a peddling, 
 roly-poly, independent Anarchy. Speech of 
 Miles Corbet, 1647 (HarlMisc., i. 273). 
 
 ROLY POLY, a vulgar fellow. 
 
 I'll have thee in league first with these 
 two roily poolies. Dekker, Satiromastix 
 (Hawkins, Eng. Dr.), iii. 116. 
 
 ROMANCIST, romancer ; teller or in- 
 ventor of stories. 
 
 A story ! what story ? Pere Silas is no 
 romancist. Miss -Bronte, Gillette, ch. xxxv. 
 
 ROMANTICISM, taste or feeling for 
 romance. 
 
 Romanticism, which has helped to fill some 
 dull blanks with love and knowledge, had 
 not yet penetrated the times with its leaven, 
 and entered into everybody's food. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xix. 
 
 Although doubtless a girl's romanticism 
 was a pretty thing, it would have to yield 
 to the actual requirements of life. Black, 
 Princess of Thule, ch. xiii. 
 
 ROMANTICIST, one belonging to the 
 romance era, as distinguished from the 
 classical ; also one of a romantic char- 
 acter or genius. Kingsley ( Westward 
 Ho, ch. ix. ) calls Raleigh " a true 
 romanticist. " 
 
 You, reader, like myself, will breathe a 
 malediction on the Classical era, and thank 
 your stars for making you a Romanticist. 
 De Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 ROMANTICNESS, romantic appearance. 
 
 Having heard me often praise the roman- 
 ticness of the place, she was astonished . . . 
 that I should set myself against going to a 
 house so much in my taste. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, ii. 40. 
 
 ROMANZA. It is curious that Fuller, 
 who is not greatly given to foreign 
 words, should use this instead of 
 romance, which had long been an 
 English word. 
 
 I ain affraied that our Infidel Age will 
 not give credit thereunto, as conceiving it 
 rather a Romanza or a Fiction than a thing 
 really performed. Fuller, Worthies, Surrey 
 (ii. 365). 
 
 I confess the story of this Westmerland- 
 Hercules soundeth something Romanza like. 
 Ibid., Westmoreland, ii. 432. 
 
 ROMBELOW, or RUMBELOW, a burden 
 to an old sea-song ; but in the extract 
 from Marlowe there is nothing nautical 
 about it. Hycke- Scorner (Hawkins, 
 Eng. Dr., i. 38) names among other 
 places to which he has travelled, " the 
 londe of Rumbelowe thre myl out of 
 hell. " Stanyhurst (JEn., i. 206) speaks 
 of the Trojans as sailing u through Sicil 
 his raging wyld frets and rumbolo 
 rustling." 
 
 The fleering Scots, 
 To England's high disgrace, have made this 
 
 jig: 
 
 " Maids of England, sore may you mourn 
 For your lemaus you have lost at Bannocks- 
 bourn, 
 
 With a heave and a ho. 
 What weeneth the King of England 
 So soon to have won Scotland, 
 With a romlelow 1 " 
 
 Marlowe, Edw. II., ii. 2. 
 
 ROMIZED, Romish. Cf. ANGLIZED. 
 The Roiniz'd faction were zealous in his 
 behalf .Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. iv. 16. 
 
 .SONDELET, a roundelay. 
 
 Then have you also a rondlette, the which 
 doth alwayes end with one selfe same foote 
 or repeticion, and was thereof (in my Judge- 
 ment) called a rondelet. Gascoiyne, p. 38. 
 
 ROOKER, a cheat. 
 
 Rookers and sharpers work their several 
 ends upon such as they make a prey of. 
 Kennefs Erasm., Praise of Folly, p. 76. 
 
 ROOKLE, to rummage, to rout about. 
 
 What'll they say to me if I go a routing 
 and rookliny in their drains, like an old sow 
 by the way-side? Kinysley, Two Years Ayo, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 ROOKLER, a pig, from its rooJcling 
 about. See previous entry. 
 
 Such were then the pigs of Devon ; not to 
 be compared with the true wild descendant 
 of Noah's stock, high-withered, furry, griz- 
 zled, game-flavoured little rooklers, whereof 
 many a sownder still grunted about Swinley 
 down and Braunton woods. Kinysley, West- 
 ward Ho, ch. viii. 
 
 ROOMSTEAD, lodging. 
 
 His grums take up six or seven houses or 
 roomsteads. Document dated 1691 (Arch., 
 xii. 188).
 
 ROOMTHSOME ( 557 ) 
 
 ROTTOCKE 
 
 ROOMTHSOME, spacious. 
 
 By the sea-side on the other side stoode 
 Heroe's tower ; . . . a cage or pigeon-house 
 roomthsome enough to comprehend her. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 167). 
 
 ROOTLET, little root. 
 The tree whose rootlets drink "of every 
 river. Kingsley, &iint's Tragedy, v. 2. 
 
 ROOT-OF-HEART, by heart, so as to 
 be able to repeat anything without 
 having it before the eyes. Bunyan 
 perhaps confused root with rote. 
 
 I advise that thou put this letter in thy 
 bosome ; that thou read therein to thyself 
 and to thy children, until yon have got it by 
 root-of -heart. Pilgrim 's Progress, Pt. II. p. 
 
 ROPES, thick, glutinous^ substance 
 found in beer, &c. 
 
 A pickled minnow is very good, if you 
 catch him in a stickle with the scarlet fingers 
 upon him, but I count him no more than the 
 ropes in beer compared with a loach done 
 properly. Blackmore, Lorna Doom, ch. vii. 
 
 ROPES, intestines ; there is a quotation 
 from an old writer in N. ; but a com- 
 paratively modern instance is subjoined. 
 
 The second course, a brace of ostriches 
 roasted, at the upper end, with the ropes on 
 a toast. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. X. 
 ch. xi. 
 
 ROPE-SICK, diseased in the ropes or 
 entrails (?). 
 
 Rope-sick herrings that will not "serve to 
 make barrelled herrings by their own law 
 they must not bring home into Holland. 
 England's way to inn wealth, 1614 (Harl. 
 Misc., iii. 397). 
 
 ROPES OF PEARL, strings of pearls. 
 The expression in Lothair has been 
 ridiculed, but it is not modern ; see 
 extract s. v. INTERCURL. 
 
 What lady 
 I' th' primitive times wore ropes of pearl or 
 
 rubies ? 
 
 Maine, City Match, ii. 2. 
 
 I'll give you counsel worth two ropes of 
 pearl. Killigrew, Parson's Wedding, ii. 5. 
 
 I want ropes of pearls. Disraeli, Lothair, 
 ch. xxxiii. 
 
 ROQUELO, a cloak, roquelaure. Cf. 
 ROCOLO. 
 
 She then saw, parading up and down the 
 hall, a figure wrapped round in a dark blue 
 roquelo.Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. IX. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 ROSATED, crowned or adorned with 
 roses. 
 
 He appeareth there neither laureated nor 
 hederated Poet . . . but only rosated, having 
 a Chaplet of four Roses about his head. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Yorkshire (ii. 513). 
 
 ROSE, to perfume, as with roses. 
 See extract from Tennyson, s. v. HORSI- 
 
 NESS. 
 
 A rosed breath from lips rosie proceeding. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 234. 
 
 Ross OF POTTERN. See quotation. 
 
 Who was old Ross of Pattern, who lived 
 till all the world was weary of him? All 
 the world has forgotten him now. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. cxxv. 
 
 ROTA-ROOM, in 1659 a political de- 
 bating society called the Rota, was 
 established at Miles's Coffee-House in 
 New Palace Yard. It was dissolved 
 at the Restoration, but I suppose it is 
 from this that a coffee-house, being a 
 place where politics were discussed, is 
 called in the extract a rota-room. 
 
 A coffee-house is ... a rota-room, that, 
 like Noah's Ark, receives animals of every 
 sort. Character of a Coffee-Souse, 1673 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 465). 
 
 ROTE, a regular row or rank. See 
 extract s. v. BACKSTONE. 
 
 ROT-GUT, an epithet applied to bad 
 liquor, as having a deleterious effect on 
 the stomach and bowels. H. and L. 
 have it as a substantive. 
 A poor old woman, with a diarrhoea, 
 Brought on by slip-slop tea and rot-gut beer, 
 
 "Went to Sangrado with a woeful face. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 53. 
 
 Then there's fuddling about in the public- 
 houses, and drinking bad spirits, and punch, 
 and such rot-gut stuff. Hughes, Tom Brown's 
 School Days, Pt. I. ch. vi. 
 
 ROTTENLY, crumbly. 
 
 A rottenly mould 
 
 Is land woorth gould. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 44. 
 
 ROTTLE, an onomatopoeous word = 
 to gurgle. 
 
 "Why, Bacchus, dost thou think that she 
 Takes a delight in cruelty ; 
 In hearing blood in throats to rattle 
 Like liquor from a streight-mouth'd bottle ? 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 282. 
 
 ROTTOCKE, or RUTTOCKE, a stick (?). 
 Diogenes swearing by St. Marie m;iy 
 be noted. 
 
 Being asked how he would be buried, he 
 bidde that his dead carkesse should bee cast 
 out in the fieldes without sepulture. Then 
 said his frendes, ""What, to the fowles of
 
 ROTULA 
 
 ( 558 ) 
 
 ROUND UP 
 
 the aier and to the wyld beastes ? " " No, 
 by Saint Marie," quoth Diogenes again ; " not 
 so in no wise, but laie me a little rottocke 
 hard beside me wherewith to beate them 
 away." Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 174. 
 
 He put abrode the looures of the tente 
 with a ruttocke that he hadde in his hande. 
 Ibid. p. 241. 
 
 ROTULA, elbow : the word is usually 
 applied to the knee-pan, though Patella 
 is more common. Fr. rotule. 
 
 The ball entered my clothes and flesh, and 
 lodged on to the rotula of my left arm. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 125. 
 
 ROTURER (Fr. roturier), a plebeian ; 
 yet the context seems rather to require 
 a trade: perhaps it stands for a small 
 farmer. The speaker is supposed to be 
 an ass who was once an Artonian [i. e. 
 French] peasant. 
 
 I was once a man, an Artonian born ; my 
 profession was both a vineyard-man and a 
 roturer. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 18. 
 
 ROUGE, to blush or redden : usually 
 to apply rouge. 
 
 They all stared, and to be sure I rouged 
 pretty high. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 314. 
 
 Madame d'Henin, though rouged the whole 
 time with confusion, never ventured to ad- 
 dress a word to me. Ibid., vii. 102. 
 
 ROUGH IT, to endure hardship or in- 
 convenience. 
 
 Take care of Fanny, mother ; she is tender, 
 and not used to rough it like the rest of us. 
 Mi S3 Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. xxxviii. 
 
 You are going then to Spain to rough it 
 amid the storms of war ? Carlyle, Life of 
 Sterling, ch. x. 
 
 ROUGH-RIDER, one who breaks horses. 
 
 Lancelot had bought him out of the Pytch- 
 ley for half his value as unrideably vicious 
 when he had killed a groom and fallen 
 backwards on a rough-rider. C. Kingsley, 
 Yeast, ch. i. 
 
 ROUND. To lead the round = to be 
 a ring-leader. 
 
 Ah ! villains, hath that Mortimer escaped? 
 With him is Edmund gone associate ? 
 And will Sir John of Renault lead the round ? 
 Marlmoe, Edw. II., iv. 3. 
 
 ROUND-ABOUT, a dance. 
 
 Though the Miss Flamboronghs were 
 reckoned the very best dancers in the parish, 
 and understood the jig and the round-about 
 to perfection, yet they were totally un- 
 acquainted with country dances. Vicar of 
 Wakefeld, ch. ix. 
 
 ROUNDABOUTATION, circumlocution. 
 
 To finish my tale without roundaboutation. 
 H. and J. Smith, Rejected Addresses, p. 177. 
 
 ROUNDERS, a boy's game. 
 
 Prisoner's base, rounders, high-cock-a-lor- 
 um, cricket, foot-ball, he was soon initiated 
 into the delights of them all. Huyhes, Tom 
 Brown's School Days, Pt. I. ch. iii. 
 
 ROUND OR RATTLE, in every case (?). 
 
 In conjunction with them, or out of con- 
 junction, round or rattle, if he were rich, he 
 must be made a booty or a compounder. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 206. 
 
 ROUND-ROBIN, a seditious person. 
 Perhaps because dissatisfied people 
 sometimes make complaint to their 
 superiors by a round-robin. 
 
 These Wat Tylers and Round-Robins being 
 driven or persuaded out of Whitehall, there 
 was a buzz among them to make their way 
 to Westminster Abbey ; some said. Let us 
 pluck down the organs ; some cried, Let us 
 deface the monuments. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 177. 
 
 ROUND-ROBIN, a blasphemous name 
 given by some of the more disreputable 
 of the reforming party to the sacra- 
 mental wafer. See quotation s. v. PRE- 
 DIE, and Ridley's Works, p. 265. H. 
 says round-robin = a small pancake, 
 in Devonshire. 
 
 Certain fond talkers . . . invent and apply 
 to this most holy sacrament names of de- 
 spite and reproach, as to call it Jack-in-the- 
 Box, and Hound-Robin, and such other not 
 only foul, but blasphemous names. Cover- 
 dale, i. 426. 
 
 Whereas the Sacrament was in those times 
 delivered unto each communicant in a small 
 round wafer, commonly called by the name 
 of Sacramentum Altaris, or, The Blessed 
 Sacrament of the Altar, and that such parts 
 thereof as were reserved from time to time 
 were hanged up over the altar in a pix or 
 box, these zealous ones, in hatred to the 
 Church of Rome, reproached it by the odious 
 names of Jack-in-a-box, Round Robin, Sacra- 
 ment of the Halter, and other names so un- 
 becoming the mouths of Christians that they 
 were never taken up by the Turks and In- 
 fidels. Heylin, Reformation, i. 99. 
 
 ROUNDS, soldiers who go the rounds 
 to see that sentinels are at their post: 
 more usually called in old times " gen- 
 tlemen of the round " (Jonson, Every 
 Man in his Hum., iii. 2). 
 
 To send out strong patroulles or Rounds 
 for skouting all along the Charwell. Prince 
 Rupert's beating up the rebels, 1643, p. 13. 
 
 ROUND UP, to rebuke. In the Pil- 
 grim's Progress, Pt, I. p. 175, we read, 
 '"Then Christian roundly answered, 
 saying, ' Dernas, thou art an enemy to
 
 ROUND Y 
 
 ( 559 ) ROYSTEROUS 
 
 the right ways of the Lord,' " &c. The 
 marginal summary is, "Christian round- 
 eth up Demas." 
 
 ROUNDY, round. 
 
 Her roundy sweetly swelling lips a little 
 trembling. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 287. 
 
 ROUNSEFAL, big, large. In another 
 extract from Stanyhurst, s. v. HARSH, 
 it seems to be used as a substantive = 
 a heavy fall. Cf . RUNCIVALL. 
 
 Thee rounseual helswarme 
 Of Cyclopan burdens. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 690. 
 
 ROUSING, brisk. 
 
 A Jew, who kept a sausage shop in the 
 same street, had the ill luck to die of a 
 strangury, and leave his widow in possession 
 of a rousing trade. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, vi. 
 109. 
 
 ROUTISH, disorderly. 
 
 The Common Hall, instead of being de 
 melioribus, became a routish assembly of sorry 
 citizens. North, Examen, p. 93. 
 
 ROUTLE, to disturb, rout out. 
 
 A misdoubt me if there were a felly there 
 as would ha' thought o' routling out yon 
 wasps' nest. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. xxiii. 
 
 RODZLE. to rumple. 
 
 "Well, I protest you are a waggish man ; 
 Lord, how you have rouzl'd and touzl'd one ! 
 All my rigging hangs as if 'twas zhaked on 
 with a zhed vork, as the old zaying is. 
 Centlivre, Platonick Lady, Act IV. 
 
 ROVER. The Imp. Diet, defines 
 Roving as " the operation which gives 
 the first twist to cotton thread by draw- 
 ing it through an eye or aperture." 
 
 On the first stage were the Teazer, Carder, 
 Rover, Spinner, Reeler of the Cotton "Wool. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, iii. 180. 
 
 ROVERIE, piracy. 
 
 These Norwegians, who with their mani- 
 fold robberies and roveries did most hurt 
 from the Northern Sea, took up their haunt 
 into this Hand. Holland's Camden, ii. 205. 
 
 ROWDY, a blackguard or ruffian ; an 
 American term. 
 
 A drunken gambling cut-throat rowdy as 
 ever grew ripe for the gallows. C. Kinysley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. x. 
 
 Reader, if you do not know that a man 
 will act from sentiment long, long years 
 after he has thrown principle to the winds, 
 you had better pack up your portmanteau, 
 and go and live five years or more among 
 Australian convicts and American rowdies. 
 H. Kinysley, Ravenslioe, ch. lix. 
 
 ROWEN-TAILED, Rowen is the after- 
 growth of corn or grass ; this may have 
 something to do with the expression. 
 The time that Breton speaks of is 
 harvest. 
 
 Bucks now are in season, and partridges 
 are rowen-taild, and a good retriuer is a 
 spaniell worth the keeping. Breton, Fantas- 
 tickes, p. 7. 
 
 ROWING, a process in dressing cloth ; 
 smoothing it with a roller. 
 
 The cloth worker, what with rowing and 
 setting in a fine nap ; with powdering it and 
 pressing it ; with shering the wooll to the 
 proofe of the threed, deale so cunningly that 
 they prove themselves the draper's minister 
 to execute his subtleties. Greene, Quip for 
 Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 416). 
 
 The number of hands which it employs in 
 this town and adjoining villages in spinning, 
 carding, roicinf/, pulling, weaving, &c., is 
 almost incredible. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, ii. 335. 
 
 ROWLET, a small groove. 
 
 Bulky carts are made with four rowfets 
 fitting these rails, whereby the carriage is so 
 easy that one horse will draw down four or 
 five chaldron of coal. North, Life of Lord 
 Gitilford, i. 265. 
 
 "Wherever there was like to be a friction, 
 a rowlet was placed to receive it. Ibid., ii. 
 269. 
 
 ROYALIZE, to bear royal sway ; the 
 Diets, only have this as an active verb, 
 and with a quotation from Richard 
 III., i. 3, where it means "to make 
 royal," as it does also in the closing 
 lines of Greenes Friar Bacon, and in 
 Marloive, 1 Tamb., ii. 3. 
 "Whom without force, vproar, or ryualing 
 Nature, and Law, and Fortune make a King, 
 Even he, (my son,) must be both just and 
 
 wise, 
 If long he look to rule and royalize. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 79. 
 
 ROYOLET, a petty prince. L. has 
 roytelet, with a quotation from Heylin. 
 
 These royolets contented themselves that 
 their crowns (though not so big) were as 
 bright, their scepters (though not so great) 
 were as glistering as those of the mightiest 
 monarchs. Fuller, Pisgah Sight, I. viii. 1. 
 
 There were indeed at this time two other 
 royalets, as onely Kings by his leave, viz., 
 Beorred, King of Mercia, and Edmond, King 
 of East-Angles. Ibid., Ch. Hist., II. iv. 10. 
 
 ROYSTEROUS, unruly, revelling. See 
 extract from Stanyhurst, s. v. HEAP- 
 FLOOD. 
 
 "Was the like ever heard of ? The royster- 
 ous young dogs ; carolling, howling, breaking
 
 RUBBING POST ( 560 ) RUE-BARGAIN 
 
 being of Welsh 
 to warm, and, when 
 
 the Lord Abbot's sleep. Carlyle, Past and 
 Present, Bk. II. ch. xv. 
 
 RUBBING POST. See extract. 
 
 These Kistvaens are numerous, but they 
 have been generally deprived of their long 
 covering stones, which have been converted 
 to rubbing posts, as they are termed in the 
 "West of England, for the cattle. Archceol., 
 xxii. 434 (1829). 
 
 RUBBISH-WALLING. See extract. 
 
 There is a want of homogeneity in the 
 manner of style which resembles what the 
 masons call rubbish-walliny, where fragments 
 of anciently hewn and sculptured stone are 
 built in with modern brick-bats and pebbles 
 of the soil. W. Taylor of Norwich, 1805 
 {Memoir, ii. 107). 
 
 RUBELET, little ruby. 
 And in the midst, to grace it more, was set 
 A blushing-pretty-peeping rubelet. 
 
 Her rick, Hesperides, p. 243. 
 
 RUB OFF, to depart hastily. Cf. 
 BRUSH. 
 
 In a huff he call'd for his horse, rub'd off, 
 and left the field to Eusebius. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 351. 
 
 RUBOR. redness. 
 
 Mr. Justice Jones 
 extraction, was apt 
 
 much offended often shewed his heats in a 
 rubor of his countenance. North, Examen, 
 p. 563. 
 
 RUBRIC, to enact, as by a' rubric; 
 also, to put in the calendar. 
 
 Hee firmed and rubrickt Kentishmen's 
 gavill-kiude of the son to iuherite at fifteene. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 153). 
 
 He [the Pope] is too saucy . . . stretching 
 his arm to heaven, in rubrickiny what saints 
 he list. Adams, ii. 255. 
 
 RUBRIC, pertaining to the calendar. 
 Racket means that the Romanists en- 
 rolled in the list of their worthies many 
 to whom they had no claims ; hence, 
 he speaks of rubric lies : rubric martyr 
 = one who has a place in the martyr- 
 ology. 
 
 They were of the most addicted to the 
 Church of Home . . . impostors that are 
 accustom'd to bestow rubrick lies upon the 
 best Saints of God, and whom they can not 
 pervert living, to challenge for theirs when 
 they are dead. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 
 223. 
 
 The grand jury have presented his [Boling- 
 broke's] works, and as long as there are any 
 parsons, he will be ranked with Tindal and 
 Toland ; nay, 1 don't know whether my 
 father won't become a rubric martyr, for 
 having been persecuted by him. Walpole to 
 Mann, iii. 86 (1754). 
 
 RUBRIC. The meaning of the extract 
 is, I suppose, that the Gardes Fran- 
 Daises are to us mere red lines of men, 
 whom we cannot individualize. 
 
 A most notable corps of men, which has 
 its place in world-history ; though to us, so 
 is History written, they remain mere rubrics 
 of men, nameless ; a shaggy Grenadier mass, 
 crossed with buff-belts. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., 
 Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 RUBRICALITIES, matters connected 
 with the rubrics : points of ritual. 
 
 " "Where have you been staying ? " " "With 
 yaung Lord Vieuxboix, among high art and 
 painted glass, spade farms, and model smell- 
 traps, rubricalities, and sanitary reforms." 
 C. Khiysley, Yeast, ch. vi. 
 
 RUBSTONE, a sandstone for the 
 scythe. " The rub or buckle stone 
 which husbandmen doo occupie in the 
 whetting of their sithes." Harrison, 
 Descr. of England, Pt. II. p. 64, quoted 
 in Eng. Dial. Soc.'s edit, of Tusser, who 
 reckons among " harvest tooles," 
 A brush sithe and grasse sithe with rifle to 
 
 stand, 
 
 A cradle for barlie, with rubstone and sand. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 37. 
 
 RUCKLING, rattling. 
 
 The deep ruckling groans of the patient 
 satisfied every one that she was breathing 
 her last. Scott, S. Ronan's Well, ii. 343. 
 
 RUDDLE, to mark with ruddle or 
 ochre. Cf. RADDLE. 
 
 On their cheeks to their chin unmercifully 
 laid on a shining red japan, that glistens in 
 a most flaming manner, so that they seem 
 to have no resemblance to human faces. I 
 am apt to believe that they took the first 
 hint of their dress from a fair sheep newly 
 ruddled. Lady M. W. Montagu to Lady 
 Rich, Oct. 10, 1718. 
 
 RUDE, robust : the phrase sneered at 
 in the extract is not uncommon. 
 
 Here and there smiled a plump rosy face 
 enough ; but the majority seemed under- 
 sized, under-fed, utterly wanting in grace, 
 vigour, and what the penny-a-liners call 
 " rude health." C. Kingsley. Yeast, ch. xiii. 
 
 RUDISH, somewat rude. 
 
 For man and wife to quarrel before folks is 
 rather rudish, I own. Foote, The Cozeners, 
 iii. 2. 
 
 RUDS, a name of the heliotrope 
 (Holland, Pliny, xix. 6). 
 
 RUE-BARGAIN, the forfeit paid by one 
 who withdraws from a bargain. 
 
 He said it would cost him a guinea of rue- 
 laryain to the man who had bought his pony
 
 RUFF 
 
 ( 561 ) RUXC1VALL PEASE 
 
 before he could get it back again. Scott, Rob 
 Roy, ii. 145. 
 
 RUFF, a flourish on a musical instru- 
 ment. 
 
 The drum beats a ruff, and so to bed; 
 that's all, the ceremony is concise. Far- 
 quhar, Recruiting Officer, Act V. 
 
 RUFFIANAGE, rascaldom. 
 
 Rufus never moved, unless escorted by 
 the vilest ruffianaye. Palyrave, Hist, of 
 Norm, and Eny., iv. 678. 
 
 RUFFIN, or RUFFIAN, cant term for 
 the devil. See extract s. v. GLAZIERS. 
 
 RUFFLERY, noise ; disturbance. The 
 same writer uses rujflered. See extract 
 s. v. WHERVE. 
 
 But neere joynctlye brayeth with rufflerye 
 rumboled JStna. Stanyhurst, ^n., iii. 582. 
 
 RUFFPECK, cant term for bacon. See 
 extract s. v. CASSON, and in H. s. v. 
 pannam. 
 
 RUFFY-TUFFY, dishevelled. 
 
 Powder'd bag-wigs and ruffy-tuffy heads 
 Of cinder wenches meet and soil each other. 
 Keats, Cap and Bells, st. 86. 
 
 RUFTIE-T.UFTIE WISE, roughly ; in- 
 decently. In the second quotation, 
 where there is a slight difference in 
 the spelling, Breton is describing the 
 ways of sailors, hurrying pell-mell to 
 the public house as soon as they land : 
 it is used in much the same way in the 
 third quotation = hey-day. 
 Were I as Vince is, I would handle you 
 In ruftie-tuftie wise in your right kinde. 
 
 Chapman, Gentleman Usher, V. i. 
 
 To sweare and stare until we come to shore, 
 Then rifty tufty each one to his skore. 
 
 Breton, Pilgrimage of Paradise, p. 16. 
 
 Lelia. I'll prank myself with flowers of 
 
 the prime, 
 
 And thus I'll spend away my primrose time. 
 Nurse. Rufty, tufty, are you so frolick ? 
 
 Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, 
 Eny. Dr., iii. 302). 
 
 RUINATION. I only insert this word 
 because L. calls it "rare or obsolete." 
 I should have thought it common 
 enough and in everyday use. 
 
 The ordinary life, youth, and connection 
 of our old architecture has been mutilated 
 and corrupted in proportion as it has been 
 subjected to a Restoration, or (since the 
 Professor paused for a suitable word) I 
 would suggest Ruination. First Report of 
 &oc. for Protection of Anc. Monuments, 1878, 
 p. 32. 
 
 RULELESSNESS, want of rules. The 
 adjective ruleless is used by Spenser. 
 
 Its [the Star-Chamber's] rulelessness, or 
 want of rules that can be comprehended, is 
 curiously illustrated here. The Academy, 
 July 19, 1879, p. 43. 
 
 RUMBLE-TUMBLE, the seat behind a 
 carriage: usually only the first half of 
 this word is employed. 
 
 From the dusty height of a rumble-tumble 
 affixed to Lady Seliua Vipont's barouche 
 . . . Vance caught sight of Lionel. Lytton, 
 What will he do with it ? Bk. I. ch. xv. 
 
 RUM BOOZE, a drink. See H. s. v. 
 rambuze, who quotes from Blount's 
 Glossographia to the effect that it was 
 a Cambridge mixture. N. also cites 
 Blount, and adds, " of this learned 
 academ'cal word I have not met with 
 an example." 
 
 Piot, a common cant word used by French 
 clowns, and other tippling companions ; it 
 signifies rum-booze, as our gipsies call good- 
 guzzle, and comes from -irito, bibo. Urqu- 
 hart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. i. (noteX 
 
 This bowse [drink] is better than rom- 
 bowse. Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 RUMBUSTIOUS, rough, unruly ; rum- 
 bustical is the more common vulgarism. 
 
 The sea has been rather rumbustious, I 
 own. Foote, Trip to Calais, Act I. 
 
 RUMINE, to ruminate. 
 As studious scholar he self-rumineth. 
 Sylvester, 6th day, 1st week, 44. 
 
 RUMP, to turn the back on one. 
 This mythologirk Deity was Plutus, 
 
 The grand Divinity of Cash, 
 "Who, when he rumps us quite, and won't 
 
 salute us, 
 
 If we are men of Commerce, then we 
 smash. 
 
 Caiman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 129. 
 Nick rumps him completely and don't seem 
 
 to care a 
 
 Dump that's the word, for his triple tiara. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Old Woman in Grey'). 
 
 RUN, smuggled. 
 
 She boasted of her feats in diving into 
 dark dens in search of run goods charming 
 things French warranted that could be 
 had for next to nothing. Miss Edgeworth, 
 Helen, ch. xxv. 
 
 RUNCIVALL PEASE, marrow-fat. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 95, mentions 
 " runciuall pease set in winter " among 
 " herbes and rootes to boile or to but- 
 ter." Messrs. Payne and Herrtage 
 say, " supposed to be derived from 
 Span. Roncesvalles, a town at the foot 
 o o
 
 RUNDLER 
 
 R YPECK 
 
 of the Pyrenees, where gigantic bones 
 of oLl heroes were pretended to be 
 shown: hence the name was applied to 
 anything of a size larger than usual." 
 Cf. KOUNSEFAL. 
 
 Another, stumbling at the threshold, tum- 
 bled in his dish of rouncevals before him. 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act V. 
 
 She was clad in a robe of finest serge , 
 which had it been napped, each grain would 
 have been the size of a good ronceval pea. 
 Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 RUNDLER, a round vessel. (?) 
 A catch or pinck no capabler than a rundler 
 
 or washing bowle. Nashe, Lenten Stiiffe 
 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 163). 
 
 RUNECRAFT, knowledge or skill in 
 runes. 
 
 Modern Swedish runecraft largely depends 
 upon his many and valuable publications. 
 Arch., xliii. 98 (1871). 
 
 RUNESMITH, worker at runes. 
 
 No one has workt with more zeal than 
 Richard Dybeck of Stockholm ; no one has 
 publisht half so many Runic stones, mostly 
 in exact copies, as this energetic runesmith. 
 Arch., xliii. 98 (1871). 
 
 RUNLET, small stream ; runnel is the 
 commoner word. 
 Then ask me not, virgins, to stay ; 
 
 With a sigh seems the zephyr to blow ; 
 And the runlet that murmurs away 
 To wind with a murmur of wo. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 311 . 
 
 RUNNER, a rope belonging to the 
 garnet, and to the two bolt-tackles ; it 
 is used to increase the mechanical 
 power of the tackle. 
 
 There are ... all kinds of Shipchandlery 
 necessaries, such as blocks, tackles, runners, 
 &c. Defoe, Tour thro' 1 G. Britain, i. 147. 
 
 RUNNER, a smuggler: we still speak 
 of running a cargo. 
 
 The unfair traders and runners, and such 
 as come in before the duties are recharged, 
 will undersell us, as they well may, paying 
 no custom. North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 
 188. 
 
 By merchants I mean fair traders, and not 
 runners and trickers, as the little people 
 often are that cover a contraband trade. 
 Ibid., Eramen, p. 490. 
 
 RUNNERS, police officers, before the 
 introduction of the new system, were 
 called runners or Sow-street runners. 
 In the quotations from Brooke and 
 Kingsley it seems = bailiff. 
 
 He issued early forth, accompanied only 
 by his huntsman and his agent's runner, who 
 
 knew and was known everywhere. Brooke, 
 Fool of Quality, ii. 280. 
 
 He was called the Man of Peace on the 
 same priuciple which assigns to constables, 
 Bow-street runners, and such like, who carry 
 bludgeons to break folk's heads, and are 
 perpetually and officially employed in scenes 
 of riot, the title of peace-officers, Scott, St. 
 . Eonan's Well, \. 58. 
 
 "It's the runners!" cried Brittles, to all 
 appearance much relieved. " The what ? " 
 exclaimed the doctor, aghast in his turn. 
 " The Bow Street officers, sir," replied 
 Brittles. Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xxx. 
 
 I'd sooner be a sheriff's runner, or a negro 
 slave. C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. iii. 
 
 RUNNING WORM, Herpes, &c. 
 
 A kinde of S. Anthonies fire, whose heate 
 causeth little blisters or wheales to arise, 
 creeping to fret the skin ; some call it the 
 shingles, some the running worme, some wild- 
 fire. Nomenclator, p. 440. 
 
 RUNOLOGIST, one learned in runes. 
 
 The advanced school of Scandinavian 
 runoloyists holds that the Runic Futhark of 
 twenty-four letters is derived from the later 
 alphabet. Athenaum, June 28, 1879, p. 818. 
 
 RUNOLOGY, study of runes. 
 Of late, however, great progress has been 
 made in runology. Arch., xliii. 98 (1871,). 
 
 RUNT, a raw country girl. 
 
 This city spoils all servants ; I took a 
 Welsh runt last spring, whose generation 
 scarce ever kuew the use of stockings ; and, 
 will you believe me, my Lord, she had not 
 been with me three weeks before she sew'd 
 three penny canes round the bottom of her 
 shift instead of a hoop-petticoat. Centlivre, 
 The Artifice, Act III. 
 
 RUSHELINGE, rushing, rustling. (?) 
 Than was all the rable of the shippe, hag, 
 tag, and rag, called to the reckeninge, rushel- 
 inge together as they had beene the cookes 
 of helle with their great Cerberus. Vocacyon 
 of Johan Bale, 1553 (Harl. Misc., vi. 459). 
 
 RUSTLESS, free from rust. 
 
 I have known her fastidious in seeking 
 pure metal for clean uses ; and when once a 
 bloodless and rustless instrument was found, 
 she was careful of the prize. Miss Bronte, 
 Villette, ch. viii. 
 
 RUTTED, marked with ruts. 
 
 The two in high glee started behind old 
 Dobbin, and jogged along the deep-rutted 
 plashy roads. Huyhes, Tom Brown's School- 
 days, Pt. I. ch. iii. 
 
 She saw the grey shoulders of the downs, 
 the cattle-specked fields, the shadowy plant- 
 ations with rutted lanes. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 RYPECK, the pole used to moor a 
 punt, while fishing, &c. Conjectures
 
 R YTHMER 
 
 ( 563 ) SADDLE 
 
 as to the derivation of the word will be 
 found in N. and Q., IV. xii. 294, 337. 
 He ordered the fisherman to take up the 
 rypecks, and he floated away down stream. 
 H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 RXTHMER, rhimester. 
 
 Amongst all the foul mouthes belibelling 
 marriage, one railing rythmer of Anselme's 
 age bore away the bell. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 III. ii. 13. 
 
 SABIN, a fanciful person. The refer- 
 ence is to the proverb, Sabini quod 
 volunt somniant, the Sabines attaching 
 great importance to dreams. 
 
 Grimsby, which our Sabtns, or conceited 
 persons dreaming what they list, and follow- 
 ing their own fansies, will have to be so 
 called of one Grimes a merchant. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 542. 
 
 SABLEIZE, to make black. 
 Some chroniclers that write of kingdomes 
 
 states 
 
 Do so absurdly sableize my "White 
 With Maskes and Enterludes by day and 
 night. Davies, Paper's Complaint, 1. 241. 
 
 SABRED, furnished with a sabre: 
 swordedis used in the same way. Sabred 
 now = killed or wounded with a sabre. 
 
 There are persons whose loveliness is more 
 formidable to me than a whole regiment of 
 sabred hussars with their fierce - looking 
 moustaches. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 ii. 99. 
 
 SACCAGE, to sack : the substantive is 
 not so uncommon. 
 
 Those songs of the dolorous discomfits in 
 battaile, and other desolations in warre, or 
 of townes saccaged and subuerted, were song 
 by the remnant of the army ouerthrowen, 
 with great skrikings and outcries. Putten- 
 ham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. I. ch. xxiv. 
 
 SACK. To give the sack = to dismiss ; 
 to get the sack = to be dismissed, the 
 person having to pack up his alls in a 
 sack, and be off. See tf. and Q., 1st 
 S., Vol. VI. An extract from Ingoldsby 
 Legends will be found s. v. Nous. 
 
 I wonder what old Fogg 'ud say, if he 
 knew it ; I should </e the sack, I s'pose, eh ? 
 Picki.ci.ck Papers, ch. xx. 
 
 The short way would have been ... to have 
 requested him immediately to quit the house ; 
 or, as Mr. Gann said, to give him the sack at 
 once. Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. v. 
 
 He is no longer an officer of this gaol ; he 
 has got the sack. Reade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. xxvi. 
 
 SACKLESS, innocent; also foolish, 
 weak. See L. s. v. sake. Nashe treats 
 it as a Scotch term, for he is imitating 
 
 " some of the deftest lads in all Edin- 
 borough towne " in the passage cited. 
 
 'Gainst slander's blast 
 Truth doth the silly sackless soul defend. 
 
 Greene (from Never too late), p. 299. 
 
 Many sacklesse wights and praty barnes 
 run through the tender weambs. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 163). 
 
 " It looks melancholy, does it not, Ellen ? " 
 " Yes," I observed, " about as starved and 
 sackless as you." E. Bronte, Wutheriny 
 Heights, ch. xxii. 
 
 SACRAMENTIZE, to administer the sa- 
 craments. 
 
 Ministers made by Presbyterian govern- 
 ment in France and the Low Countries were 
 owned and acknowledged by our Bishops for 
 lawfully ordained for all intents and purposes, 
 both to preach and sacramentize. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., XI. ix. 65. 
 
 The governing part should be in the hands 
 of the bishops, the teaching and sacramentiz- 
 ing in. the presbyters. Ibid., XI. xi. 19. 
 
 SACRARY, a sacred place ; a sanctuary. 
 H. has one quotation, but the subjoined 
 are later instances. 
 
 The purified heart is God's sacrary, His 
 sanctuary, His house, His heaven. Adams, i. 
 259. 
 
 What is their crime that have carried them 
 quite away, both crown, and scepter, and 
 robes from their ancient sacrary ? Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 68. 
 
 RADDLE. To set the saddle on the 
 fight horse = to give a man his share 
 of praise or blame. Dryden ridicules 
 the delicacy of Racine, who represented 
 Hippolytus as exposing himself to death 
 rather than accuse his stepmother to 
 his father. 
 
 But take Hippolytus out of his poetick fit, 
 and I suppose he would think it a wiser part 
 to set the saddle on the right horse, and chuse 
 rather to live with the reputation of a plain- 
 spoken honest man, than to die with the 
 infamy of an incestuous villain. All for 
 Love, Preface. 
 
 His episcopal lordship had done well to 
 have shown in his letter what was so added, 
 and then the saddle v;onld have fallen on the 
 002*
 
 SADDLE-NOSED ( 564 ) 
 
 riyht horse. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 314. 
 
 SADDLE-NOSED, flat or broad-nosed. 
 
 There was also a servant in the inn, an 
 Asturian wench, broad-faced, flat- headed, 
 and saddle-nosed. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. 
 I. Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 SAKE'S SAKE 
 
 How may f u\\-sail'd verse express, 
 How may measured words adore 
 
 The full-flowing harmony 
 Of thy swan-like stateliness, 
 Eleanore ? 
 
 Tennyson, Eleanore. 
 
 SADDLERY, things belonging to har- 
 ness or horse's trappings. 
 
 He invested also in something of a library, 
 and in large quantities of saddlery. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xlviii. 
 
 SADDLE-SICK, galled from riding. 
 
 Roland of Roncesvalles too, we see well in 
 thinking of it, found rainy weather as well 
 as sunny, . . . was saddle-sick, calumniated, 
 constipated. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, 
 ch. i. 
 
 SAFE, safety. 
 
 If I with safe may graunt this deed, 
 I wil not it refuse. 
 
 Preston, K. Cambises (Haickins, 
 Eng. Dr., i. 503). 
 
 SAFECONDUCT, to convoy safely, or to 
 guarantee safety : the substantive is 
 common. 
 
 From perils all within this place 
 I will safeconduct thee. 
 Breton, Toyes of an Idle Head, p. 41. 
 
 SAG, weighed down : the verb is not 
 so uncommon. 
 
 He ventures boldly on the pith 
 Of sugred rush, and eats the sayge 
 And well bestrutted bees sweet bagge. 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 127. 
 
 SAGAMORE, a title given to the chiefs 
 of some American Indian tribes. 
 
 The barbarous people were lords of their 
 own ; and have their sagamores, and ordersj 
 and forms of government. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 vii. 447. 
 
 SAGAR, cigar. 
 
 Many a sugar have little Goldy and ' I 
 smoaked together. Colman, Man of Business, 
 Act IV. 
 
 SAGED, taught or invented by wise 
 men. 
 
 Begyn to synge, Amintas thou ; 
 
 For why ? thy wyt is best ; 
 And many a saycd sawe lies hyd 
 Within thine aged brest. 
 
 Googe, Eglogs, i. 
 
 SAILED, furnished with sails : used 
 figuratively in the second extract. 
 
 Prostrated in most extreme ill fare, 
 He lies before his high-sail'd fleet. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xix. 335. 
 
 SAIL-LESS without sails. 
 
 But Beauty, Gracelesse, is a Sail-lesse Bark. 
 Sylvester, Memorials of Mortalitie, st. 25. 
 
 A south-west wind, and above, a mighty 
 cobweb of sail-less rigging. H. Kingsley, 
 Itavenshoe, ch. li. 
 
 SAINTDOM, state of sanctity. 
 
 I will not cease to grasp the hope I hold 
 
 Of saintdom, Tennyson, S. /Simeon Stylites. 
 
 SAINTISH, holy. 
 
 They be no diuels, I trow, which seme so 
 saintish. Gascoigne, Steele Glas, Epilogue. 
 
 SAINT LAWRENCE'S TEARS. See ex- 
 tract. St. Lawrence having been broiled 
 alive may account for the fiery cha- 
 racter ascribed to his tears. 
 
 THE AUGUST METEORS. The student will 
 scarcely need to be reminded to keep a sedul- 
 ous watch during the nights from the 9th to 
 the llth of August, inclusive (and notably 
 on that of the 10th), for the familiar shower 
 of shooting stars, known of old as St. Late- 
 rence's tears, but now termed rather more 
 scientifically the Perseides, from the point 
 in the heavens whence they appear to radiate. 
 The English Mechanic, 1874. 
 
 SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, a disease which 
 manifests itself in a convulsive motion 
 of the features or limbs. 
 
 Dr. Reid says it is remarkable that St. 
 Vitus is nowhere to be found in the Roman 
 Kaleudar ; and he supposes that " from some 
 misunderstanding or inaccuracy of manu- 
 script, chorea invita, the original name of the 
 disease called St. J'itus's dance, was read and 
 copied chorea Sti. J-'iti." This is very pro- 
 bable. Southey, Omniana, i. 325. 
 
 SAITHE, a species of fish. 
 
 He proposed he should go ashore and buy 
 a few lines with which they might fish for 
 young saithe or lythe over the side of the 
 yacht. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xxvii. 
 
 SAKE'S SAKE, an emphatic adjuration. 
 " For any sake" is more common, and 
 "for goodness sake" commoner still. 
 In the second and third extracts it = for 
 auld langsyne. 
 
 Run after him, and save the poor fellow 
 for sake' a sake. The Committee, Act III. 
 
 Us be cum to pay 'e a visit. I've a been 
 long minded to do't for old sake's sake. 
 Hnyhes, Tom Brotcn's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. 
 iii.
 
 SALEAB1LITY 
 
 ( 565 ) 
 
 SAMPHIRE 
 
 Yet for old sake's sake she is still, dears, 
 The prettiest doll in the world. 
 
 Kingsley, Water-Babies. 
 
 SALEABILITY, ealeableness : predi- 
 cated of that for which there is a de- 
 mand in the market. 
 
 What can he do but spread himself into 
 breadth and length, into superficiality and 
 saleability ? Carlyle, Misc. , iv. 139. 
 
 SALIC LAW. See quotation. 
 
 A French antiquarian (Claude Seissel) had 
 derived the name of the Salic Law from the 
 Latin word sal, comme une loy pleine de sel, 
 c'est a dire pleine de sapience, and this the 
 Doctor thought a far more rational etymology 
 than what some one proposed, either seriously 
 or in sport, that the law was called Salique 
 because the words Si aliquis and Si aliqua were 
 of such frequent occurrence in it. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. ccviii. 
 
 SALLIGOT, a ragout of tripe. 
 
 He himself made the wedding with fine 
 sheeps-heads, brave haslets with mustard, 
 gallant salliyots with garlic (tribars aux ails). 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxxi. 
 
 SALLY, to dance. 
 
 Herod also made a promise to the daughter 
 of Herodias when she danced and salied so 
 pleasantly before him. Becon, i. 373. 
 
 SALMAGUNDY, a sailor's dish described 
 in extract. See also s. v. LOBSCOURSE. 
 
 The descendant of Caractacus returned, 
 and ordering the boy to bring a piece of salt 
 beef from the brine, cut off a slice and mixed 
 it with an equal quantity of onions, which, 
 seasoning with a moderate proportion of 
 pepper and salt, he brought into a consist- 
 ence with oil and vinegar. Then tasting the 
 dish, assured us it was the best salmayundy 
 that ever he- made. Smollett, Roderick Ran- 
 dom, ch. xxvi. 
 
 SALPEETRY, nitrous. 
 
 Rich Jericho's sometimes sal-peetry soil, 
 Through brinie springs that did about it boil, 
 Brought forth no fruit. 
 
 Sylvester, The Schisme, 674. 
 
 SALSOLACEOUS, pertaining to the salt- 
 wort. 
 
 Sand, and nothing but sand: the salsolace- 
 ous plants, so long the only vegetation we 
 have seen, are gone. H. Kingsley, Geoffry 
 Hamlyn, ch. xlii. 
 
 SALT, a sailor. 
 
 He can turn his hand to anything, like 
 most old salts. Huyhes, Tom Brown at Ox- 
 ford, ch. viii. 
 
 SALT, desire: as an adjective = 
 lecherous the word is not so uncommon. 
 
 Gifts will be sent, and letters which 
 Are the expressions of that itch 
 And salt which frets thy suters. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 186. 
 
 SALT. A useless person is said to be 
 not worth his salt, i. e. keep ; so salary 
 is literally salt-money. 
 
 He is a dissipated extravagant idler ; he is 
 not worth his salt. Dickens, Hard Times, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 SALT, hospitality. To eat a man's salt 
 = to partake of his hospitality : the 
 phrase is taken from the Arabs. 
 
 Abandon those from your table and salt 
 whom your owne or others' experience shall 
 descrie dangerous. Hall, Epistles, Dec. i. 
 Ep. 8. 
 
 One does not eat a man's salt as it were at 
 these dinners. There is nothing sacred in 
 this kind of London hospitality. Thackeray, 
 JYewcomes, ch. v. 
 
 SALT. Children are told that they 
 can catch birds by putting salt upon 
 their tails ; hence the use of the phrase 
 in the quotations. 
 
 Such great atchievements cannot fail 
 To cast salt on a woman's tail. 
 
 Hudibras, II. i. 278. 
 
 His intelligence is so good, that were you 
 coming near him with soldiers or constables 
 or the like, I shall answer for it you will 
 never lay salt on his tail. Scott, Redqauntlet, 
 ii. 101. 
 
 Plenty of subjects going about for them 
 that know how to put salt upon their tails. 
 That's what's wanted. A man needn't go 
 far to find a subject if he's ready with his 
 salt-box. Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. iv. 
 
 SALTEE, a penny : from the Italian 
 soldo. Of. DACHA-SALTEE (slang). 
 
 It had rained kicks all day in lieu of saltees, 
 and that is pennies. Reade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. Iv. 
 
 SAMARITANISM, benevolence, like that 
 of the Good Samaritan. 
 
 Mankind are getting mad with humanity 
 and Samaritanism. Sydney Smith, Letters, 
 1844. 
 
 SAMPHIRE. This plant is usually 
 derived from Saint Pierre, the herb of 
 St. Peter, though probably this is a sort 
 of punning dedication from its growing 
 on a rock. Smollett's derivation is 
 rather fanciful. 
 
 The French call it passe-pierre, and I sus- 
 pect its English name is a corruption of 
 sane/ - pierre. ... As it grew upon a naked 
 rock, without any appearance of soil, it might 
 be naturally enough called sang du pierre or
 
 SANATIVENESS ( 566 ) 
 
 SANTO 
 
 sang-pierre, blood of the rock ; and hence the 
 name samphire. Smollett, Travels, Letter iii. 
 
 SANATIVENESS, healing power. 
 
 There is an obscure Village in this County, 
 neare St. Neot's, called Haile-westou, whose 
 very name soundeth something of sanative- 
 ness therein. Fuller, Worthies, Huntingdon. 
 
 SANCT, a saint. See another quota- 
 tion from the same book s. v. MIRIFIC. 
 
 Cursed snakes, dissembling varlets, seem- 
 ing sa>u:ts. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. liv. 
 
 SANCTANIMITY, holiness of mind. 
 
 A " hath " or a " thou " delivered with con- 
 ventional unction, now well-nigh inspires a 
 sensation of solemnity in its hearer, and a 
 persuasion of the sanctanimity of its utterer. 
 Hall, Modern English, p. 17. 
 
 SANCTUM, a place which a person has 
 to himself, where he is safe from intru- 
 sion ; a retreat. 
 
 I should not be called upon to quit my 
 sanctum of the schoolroom, for a sanctum it 
 was now become to me, a very pleasant 
 refuge in time of trouble. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 SANDIFEROUS, sand - bearing ; sandy. 
 The speaker is a pedantic schoolmaster. 
 
 The surging sulks of the Sandiferous seas. 
 Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 SANDILLIONS, numbers like the sand 
 on the seashore. 
 
 ifsafjLfjLaKoarta . . . having been coined by a 
 certain Alexis (perhaps no otherwise remem- 
 bered), and latinised arenaifinta by Erasmus, 
 is now Anglicised sandillions by me. 
 Southey, The Doctor, luterchapter vi. 
 
 SAND-LARK, the sea-dotterel. 
 
 Along the river's stony marge 
 The sand-lark chants a joyous song. 
 
 Wordsworth, Idle Shepherd-Boys. 
 
 SAND -WARPED, drawn into a sand- 
 bank. (?) 
 
 Crossing Humber in a Barrow-boat, the 
 same was sand-warpt, and he drowned there- 
 in. Fuller, Worthies, Cambridge (i. 165). 
 
 SANDWICH. This term, as applied in 
 the extract, is now common, but per- 
 haps this may be the earliest instance. 
 
 He stopped the unstamped advertisement 
 an animated sandtrich composed of a boy 
 between two boards. Sketches by Boz (Danc- 
 ing Academy). 
 
 SANGAREE, rack punch. 
 
 A very jolly time we had ; much better 
 than the "West Indies, where a fellow's liver 
 goes to the deuce with hot pickles and san- 
 ynree. Thackeray, Neircomes, ch. xxiii. 
 
 SANGLIER (Fr.) wild boar. 
 
 Rearing with shoutcry soom boare, soom 
 sanglier oughly. Stanyhurst, -n., i. 310. 
 
 SANGDINITY, consanguinity. L. has 
 the word = ardour, with quotation from 
 Swift. Walpole, speaking of a duel 
 that was to have taken place between 
 the Duke of Burlington and his son-in- 
 law, writes 
 
 Some say that the duel would have been 
 no breach of sanguinity. Walpole to Mann, 
 i. 15 (1741). 
 
 SANIOUS, purulently bloody. R. and 
 L. have the word, but each with the 
 same quotation from Wiseman's Sur- 
 gery. The subjoined extract is given 
 as showing that it occurs in other than 
 surgical works. 
 The cure was wrought ; he wiped the sanious 
 
 blood, 
 
 And firm and free from pain the lion stood. 
 Cowper, Transl.from V. Bourne 
 (Reciprocal Kindness). 
 
 SANITATION, care for the laws of 
 health, or regulations for their observ- 
 ance. 
 
 To extinguish any or all of the zymotic 
 diseases, we must look to sanitation. Anti- 
 Vaccinator, Sept. 2, 1872, p. 146. 
 
 SANS-APPEL, an infallible person ; one 
 whose decision is law. 
 
 He had followed in full faith such a sans- 
 appel as he held Frank to be. Kinysley, 
 westward Ho, ch. xix. 
 
 SANSCULOTTERY, the revolutionary 
 mob. 
 
 What profit were it for the Paris Sans- 
 culottery to insult us ? Carlyle, Fr. .Rev., 
 Pt. III. Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 SANSCULOTTIC, pertaining to sanscu- 
 lottism ; revolutionary. See CDLOTTIC. 
 
 Those sanscvlottic violent Gardes Frau- 
 9aises or Centre Grenadiers shall have their 
 mittimus. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. 
 ch. i. 
 
 SANSCULOTTISM, the principles of the 
 extreme French Revolutionists. See 
 CULOTTISM. 
 
 No Pitt's crusade against French Sanscu- 
 lottism in the end of the eighteenth century 
 could be so welcomed by English preservers 
 of the game as this defiance of the Spanish 
 Apollyou was by Englishmen in general in 
 the beginning of the seventeenth. Carlyle, 
 Cromwell, i. 38. 
 
 SANTO, a hymn. A black santo is a 
 profane, noisy, burlesque hymn. See 
 N. s. v. Sanctus Black.
 
 SANTONIC 
 
 ( 567 ) 
 
 SA UCER Y 
 
 Sometimes they whoop, sometimes their 
 
 Stygian cries 
 
 Send their black santos to the blushing skies. 
 Quarles, Emblems, I. x. 20. 
 
 SANTONIC, a hood such as was worn 
 by a santon or dervish ; Santonico 
 cucutto. 
 
 This Santonick or French-hood Martiall 
 calls Bardocucullus, a Fooles-hood. Stapyl- 
 ton, Juvtnal, viii. 191, note. 
 
 SAP, to study hard ; also one who 
 does so. 
 
 When I once attempted to read Pope's 
 poems out of school hours, I was laughed at 
 and called a sap. Lytton, Pelham, ch. ii. 
 
 " They say he is the cleverest boy in the 
 school; but then he saps." "In other 
 words," said Mr. Dale, with proper parsonic 
 gravity, " he understands that he was sent 
 to school to learn bis lessons, and he learns 
 them. You call that sapping ; I call it doing 
 his duty." Ibid., My Novel, Bk. I. ch. xii. 
 
 What's that book on the ground ? Sap- 
 ping and studying still? C. Kingsley, Yeast, 
 ch. i. 
 
 SAPIDLESS, tasteless ; insipid. 
 
 I am impatient and querulous under culi- 
 nary disappointments, as to come home at 
 the dinner hour, for instance, expecting some 
 savoury mess, and to find one quite tasteless 
 and sapidless. Lamb, Essays of Elia (Grace 
 before meat). 
 
 SAR, serve (?). 
 
 I shall shut up for the present, and con- 
 sider my ways ; having resolved to " sar it 
 out," as we say in the Vale, holus-bolus, 
 just as it comes. Hughes, Tom rown's 
 Schooldays, Pfc. I. ch. i. 
 
 SARACENISM, Mahometanism ; the 
 religion of the Saracens. Cf. TDRCISM. 
 
 All Forraigners, Christian, Mahometan, or 
 Heathen, who come into this Island . . . 
 may easily see such sights as rather proclaim 
 Saracenism, Barbarism, and Atheisme, than 
 such a sense of Christianisme as possessed 
 our noble Progenitors. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 556. 
 
 SARCASMOUS, sarcastic ; insulting. 
 
 When he gets a sarcasmous paper against 
 the Crown, well backed with authority or 
 quality, then he pours it out at full length. 
 North, Examen, p. 98. 
 
 Here is a sarcasmous reflection on the 
 House of Commons itself. Ibid., p. 144. 
 
 SARCOPHAGAL, flesh-devouring. 
 
 This natural balm . . . can at utmost but 
 keep the body living till the life's taper be 
 burnt out ; or, after death, give a short and 
 insensible preservation to it in the sarcopha- 
 gal grave. Adams, i. 376. 
 
 SARGASOS, gulf-weed. 
 
 The tide also threw up vast quantities of 
 sargasos and weeds. Godwin, Mandeville, 
 i. 49. 
 
 SARISBURY. Plain Salisbury = a 
 blunt, downright fellow. Is it a play 
 upon Salisbury Plain ? 
 
 This Demochares was one of the ambassa- 
 donrs, and for his malapart tonge called at 
 home in his countriein their language, Parr- 
 hesiastes (as ye would say in English), Thorn 
 trouth or plain Sarisbuirie. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 202. 
 
 SARTORIAL, pertaining to a tailor. 
 
 A north-country dame in days of old 
 economy, when the tailor worked for women 
 as well as men, delivered one of her nether 
 garments to a professor of the sartorial art. 
 Fouthey, The Doctor, Interchapter ix. 
 
 In his apartments at one time there were 
 unfortunately no chairs ; . . . his visitor . . . 
 meanwhile, we suppose, sat upon folios or in 
 the sartorial fashion. Carlyle, Misc., Hi. 101. 
 
 SASARARA, a corruption of certiorari. 
 See SISERARA. In the extract it = with 
 a vengeance. 
 
 Out she shall pack with a sasarara. 
 Goldsmith, Vicar of Wakefield, ch. xxi. 
 
 SATANOPHOBIA, fear of the devil. 
 
 Impregnated as he was with Satanophobia, 
 he might perhaps have doubted still whether 
 this distressed creature, all woman and 
 nature, was not all art and fiend. Beade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. xcvi. 
 
 SATINITY, smoothness like satin. 
 
 I knew him immediately by the smooth 
 salinity of his style. C. Lamb, Letter to 
 Gilman, 1830. 
 
 SATIRISM, satire. 
 
 Or should we minister strong pills to thee, 
 What lumps of hard and indigested stuff, 
 Of bitter Satyrisme, of Arrogance, 
 Of Self-love, of Detraction, of a black 
 And stinking Insolence, should we fetch up ! 
 Dekker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, Eng. 
 Dr., iii. 190). 
 
 SATIS-PASSION, fulfilment of suffering. 
 
 This is the great " with us," ..." with 
 us " in all the virtues and merits of His life ; 
 with us in the satisfaction and satis-passion 
 both of His death. Andrewes, i. 147. 
 
 SATURATE, to satisfy: it is almost 
 always used in reference to liquids, 
 and = to drench. 
 
 After a saturating meal, and an enlivening 
 cup, they departed with elevated spirits. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 91. 
 
 SAUCERY. See extract, and N. s. v. 
 saivcery, where it is conjectured to be 
 the place where salt is kept.
 
 SA UFRED 
 
 ( 568 ) 
 
 SCAFFOLDERS 
 
 One little timber building tyled overhead, 
 near adjoining to the said under house- 
 keeper's house, commonly called the saucery 
 house, couteyning foure little roomes used 
 by the yeomen of the sauces. Survey of 
 Nonsuch Palace, 1650 (Archaol., v. 435). 
 
 SAUFRED, saffron. In JEn. i. 696 the 
 word is spelt saffrod. 
 Also the roabe pretiouse colored lyke saufred 
 
 Achantus. Stanyhurst, ^En., i. 633. 
 
 SAVAGISM, savagery ; utter barbarism. 
 
 The manner in which a people is likely to 
 pass from savagism to civilization. W. Tay- 
 lor, Survey of German Poetry, ii. 295. 
 
 SAVERLY, in a frugal manner. The 
 third rung in the " ladder to thrift " is 
 
 To count no trauell slauerie 
 That brings in penie sauerlie. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 17. 
 
 SAVOURER, one imbued with or redo- 
 lent of something. 
 
 She was, it seems, a great Savourer and 
 Favourer of Wickliffe his opinions. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., IV. ii. 61. 
 
 SAVOURLY, heartily ; with a relish. 
 
 We see the toiling servant feed savourly 
 of one homely dish. Adams, ii. 140. 
 
 'Tis wholesome food from a good gentle- 
 man's gate ; alas, good mistress, much good 
 do your heart ; how savourly she feeds. 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act. IV. 
 
 I sat down, opened the foul clout the 
 money was in, looked at it, told it, found it 
 was all there, and theu I fell a crying as 
 savourly as I did before, when I thought I 
 had lost it. Defoe, Col. Jack, p. 217. 
 
 SAW. To be held at the long saw = 
 to be kept in suspense. 
 
 Between the one and the other he was 
 held at the long saw above a month. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, i. 148. 
 
 SAWDER. Soft sawder (i. e. solder) 
 = flattery. 
 
 Why did not you go and talk to that brute 
 of a boy and that dolt of a woman ? You've 
 
 fot soft sawder enough, as Frank calls it in 
 is new-fashioned slang. Lytton, My Novel, 
 Bk. III. ch. xiii. 
 
 SAWDOSTY, of or belonging to saw- 
 dust ; strewn with sawdust. 
 
 An exceedingly retiring public-house, with 
 a bagatelle-board shadily visible in a saw- 
 dusty parlour. Dickens, Uncommercial Tra- 
 veller, xxi. 
 
 SAWNEY, a Scotchman : a corruption 
 of Sandy, the abbreviation of Alexan- 
 der. 
 
 Thus wasteful spendthrifts to their shame 
 
 may see 
 
 The Caledonian loon's frugality ; 
 And learn from him against a time of need 
 To husband wealth, as sawny does his weed. 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 117. 
 
 SAWNEYING, idling; lounging. 
 Southey also uses sawney : " sawney 
 and sentimental" (To A. Cunning- 
 ham). 
 
 It looks like a sneaking, sawneying Method- 
 ist parson. Southey, Letters, 1808 (ii. 63). 
 
 SAXONIST, Saxon scholar. 
 To these were soon joined . . . Mr. Elstob 
 the Saxonist.Archaol., i. 25 (1770). 
 
 SAY. To take say is a hunting term 
 = to draw a knife down the belly of a 
 deer to discover how fat it is. See N. 
 Saying-knife is the instrument with 
 which the cut is made ; say = the cut 
 itself. 
 
 The young man drove his saying knife 
 Deep in the old man's breast. 
 
 C. Kingsley, New Forest Ballad. 
 
 Look to this venison. There's a breast ! 
 You may lay your two fingers into the say 
 there, and not get to the bottom of the fat. 
 Ibid., Westward Ho, ch. viii. 
 
 SAYNSURE, censer ; perhaps a pun = 
 saying sure. 
 
 The sweet perfume of prayer should have 
 arisen from the saynsure of your heart to 
 Me. Calf hill, Answer to Martiall, p. 124. 
 
 SCABBADO, lues venerea. 
 
 Within these five and twenty years nothing 
 was more in vogue in Brabant than hot baths, 
 but now they are everywhere grown out of 
 use ; but the new scabbado has taught us to 
 lay them down. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 151. 
 
 SCADDLE, thievish : a Kentish word. 
 
 And there she now lay purring as in scorn ! 
 Tib, heretofore the meekest of mousers, the 
 honestest, the least sc addle of the feline race. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Jar vis's Witj). 
 
 SC^VOLISE, to be like Q. Mulius Scse- 
 vola, who was a celebrated professor of 
 civil law, and teacher of Cicero. 
 
 In Priuy counsell when our miseries 
 Thou doost bemoan, most Nestor like thou art, 
 And when in Paris parlament thy part 
 Of lawes thou plead'st thou seem'st to 
 Sccfuolize. 
 
 Sylvester, Dedic. of Triumph of Faith. 
 
 STAFFOLDERS, spectators in upper 
 gallery of theatre ; the " gods." 
 
 He ravishes the gazing scaffolders. Hall, 
 Satires, I. iii. 28.
 
 SCALADA 
 
 ( 569 ) 
 
 SCARF 
 
 SCALADA, escalade. H. and L. have 
 scalado. 
 
 The soldiers entred the castle both by 
 scalada and by forcing the gates. Hacket, 
 L'fe of Williams, ii. 220. 
 
 SCALDA - BANCO, a mountebank, or 
 rather, in the extract, a stump orator. 
 
 The Presbyterians, those Scalda-bancos or 
 hot declamers, had wrought a great distast 
 in the Commons at the king. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 182. 
 
 SCALDINGS. See quotation. 
 
 The boy belonging to our mess ran to the 
 locker, from whence he carried off a large 
 wooden platter, and in a few minutes re- 
 turned with it full of boiled peas, crying 
 " Scoldings " all the way as he came. Smol- 
 lett, Roderick Random, ch. xxv. 
 
 SCALE. See extract. 
 
 The great varietie of fishes that it [the Irish 
 Sea] breedeth, as ... Soles, Pilchards, Eaifish 
 or Scale, Thornback, Oisters. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 59. 
 
 SCALIER. See quotation. 
 
 In the midst there was a wonderful scalier 
 or winding stair. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. 
 ch. liii. 
 
 SCALING, scaling-ladder. 
 They clinge thee scalinges too wals. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En., ii. 462. 
 
 SCALLOP, a lace band or collar, scal- 
 loped at the edges. 
 
 My scallop bought and got made by Cap- 
 tain Ferrers' lady is sent, and I brought it 
 home ; a very neat one. It cost me about 
 3.Pepys, Oct. 8, 1662. 
 
 (Lord's Day.) Made myself fine with 
 Captain Ferrers's lace band, being loth to 
 wear my own new scallop, it is so fine. Ibid., 
 Oct. 12, 1662. 
 
 SCALPLESS, without a scalp. 
 
 In the midst of all this chaos grinned from 
 the chimney-piece, among pipes and pens, 
 pinches of salt and scraps of butter, a tall 
 cast of Michael Angelo's well-known skinless 
 model his pristine white defaced by a cap 
 of soot upon the top of his scalpless skull. 
 C. Kirtgsley, Alton Locke, ch. vi. 
 
 SCAMBLE, scramble. The Diets, only 
 give the verb, which is used in the third 
 line of the extract. 
 
 Here Bugs bestirre them with a bellowing 
 
 rore, 
 
 As at a scamble we see boyes to sturre, 
 Who for soules scamble on a glowing flore. 
 
 Davies, Humour's Heaven on Earth, 
 p. 23. 
 
 SCAMLING, an irregular, hasty meal ; 
 a snap. See II. s. v. scamblimj-days. 
 
 Other some have so costly and great din- 
 ners, that they eat more at that one dinner 
 than the poor man can get at three scamlinys 
 on a day. Pilkington, p. 558. 
 
 SCAMPISH, rascally. 
 
 The alcalde personally renewed his regrets 
 for the ridiculous scene of the two scampish 
 oculists. De Quincey, Spanish Nun, sect. 23. 
 
 SCANDALISATION, scandalous sin. 
 Let one lyue neuer so wyckedly 
 In abhominable scandalisacion, 
 As longeas he will their church obaye, 
 Not refusynge his tithes duely to paye, 
 They shall make of him no accusacion. 
 Dyaloge betwene a Gentillman and 
 a Husbandman, p. 168. 
 
 SCANDAL-MONGERIES, manufactories 
 of scandal. 
 
 Are there not dinner-parties, aesthetic teas, 
 scandal-mongeries, changes of ministry, police 
 cases, literary gazettes ? Carlyle, Misc., iv. 
 186. 
 
 SCAPULIMANCY. See extract. In Dr. 
 Hall's Modern English, p. 37, there is 
 a quotation from John Gaule's nT'c- 
 (lavria, p. 165 (1652), giving a long list 
 of similar words : scapulimancy, how- 
 ever, is not among them. 
 
 The principal art of this kind is divination 
 by a shoulder-blade, technically called scapu- 
 limancy or omoplatoscopy. E. Tylor, Primi- 
 tive Culture, \. 124. 
 
 SCARBOROUGH, sudden ; hasty. Scar- 
 borough warning, i. e. no warning at all, 
 was a proverbial saying. See N. ; but 
 Stanyhurst uses Scarborough with other 
 words. H. quotes Scarborough leisure 
 from his Ireland. 
 
 Al they the lyke poste haste dyd make 
 with scarboro scrabbling. Stanyhurst, JEn., 
 iv. 621. 
 
 SCARE, a fright. This substantive is 
 not in the Diets., though it is not un- 
 common now to signify a panic. 
 
 God knows this is only a scare to the Par- 
 liament, to make them give the more money. 
 Pepys, Nov. 25, 1664. 
 
 SCARE-SINNER, one who frightens 
 sinners : applied in extract to Death. 
 
 Do stop that death-looking, long-striding 
 scoundrel of a scare-sinner who is posting 
 after me. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, v. 76. 
 
 SCARF, a thin plate. 
 
 The Vault thus prepared, a scarfe of lead 
 was provided some two foot long, and five 
 inches broad, therein to make an inscription. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. x. 49.
 
 SCARIFICATOR 
 
 ( 57) 
 
 SCHOLARISM 
 
 SCABIFICATOR, one who scarifies or 
 cuts open. 
 
 What though the scarificators work upon 
 him day by day ? It is only upon a caput 
 rnortuum. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 141. 
 
 SCARLET, to clothe in scarlet. 
 
 The idolatour, the tyraunt, and the whore- 
 monger are no mete mynisters for hym, 
 though they be never so gorgyously mytered, 
 coped, and typpeted, or never so finely forced, 
 pylyoned, and scarletted. Vocacyon of Johan 
 Bale, 155,3 (Harl. Misc., vi. 442). 
 
 SCARP, to slope. 
 
 Redoubts are carried, and passes and 
 heights of the most scarped description. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. V. ch. vi. 
 
 SCARPINES, an instrument of torture 
 like the boot. Fr. escarpin, Ital. scarpa, 
 a shoe or slipper. 
 
 Being twice racked, and having endured 
 the water-torment, I was put to the scarpines, 
 whereof I am, as you see, somewhat lame of 
 one leg to this day. Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. vii. 
 
 SCART, a cormorant. 
 
 On the points of some of the islands stood 
 several scarts, motionless figures of jet black 
 on the soft brown and green of the rock. 
 Black, Princess of Thule, ch. vii. 
 
 SCATCHES, Stilts. 
 
 Others grew in the legs, and to see them 
 yon would have said they had been men 
 walking upon stilts or scotches (eschasses). 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, II. i. 
 
 SCATHFIRE, destructive fire. 
 
 In a great scathfire it is wisdom not only 
 to suffer those houses to burn down which 
 are past quenching, but sometimes to pull 
 down some few houses wherein the fire is 
 not yet kindled, to free all the rest of the 
 city from danger. Bramhall, iii. 559. 
 
 SCATOMANCY, divining disease by a 
 person's excrement. See extract s. v. 
 DRIRIMANCY. 
 
 SCATTER-BRAINED, thoughtless. 
 
 A certain scatter-brained Irish lad. C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xii. 
 
 This functionary was a good-hearted, tear- 
 ful, scatter - brained girl. Hughes, Tom 
 Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. ii. 
 
 SCAVENGERSHIP, clearing away dirt. 
 
 To Mr. Mathewe for skavegersshipe. 
 Churchwarden's Accounts (1560) of S. Mi- 
 chael's, Cornhill, ed. by Overall, p. 152. 
 
 SCEDE, legal instrument ; schedule. 
 
 A deed (as I have oft scene) to convey a 
 whole manor was implicite contained in some 
 t-venty lines or thereabouts, like that scede, 
 or Xytala Laconica, so much renowned of old 
 
 in al contracts. Burton, Democ. to Reader, 
 p. 51. 
 
 SCELERATE, wicked ; also a wicked 
 person. 
 
 That whole denomination, at least the 
 potentates or heads of them, are charged 
 with the most scelerate plot that ever was 
 heard of. North, Examen, p. 191. 
 
 King James II. . . could not pretend to 
 the virtues of his father, though far from 
 being a scelerate. Ibid., p. 648. 
 
 SCEPTERDOM, reign. 
 
 In the scepterdome of Edward the Confessor 
 the sands first began to growe into sight at 
 a low water. Nashe, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 151). 
 
 SCEPTRY, sceptred ; royal. 
 
 Harm him not ! 
 
 E'en for his highness Ludolph's sceptry hand, 
 I would not Albert suffer any wrong. 
 
 Keats, Otho the Great, i. 1. 
 
 SCHEETS, skates. See s. v. SKEATES, 
 where it will be seen that Pepys was 
 among the spectators on this occasion. 
 
 Having seen the strange and wonderful 
 dexterity of the sliders on the new canal in 
 St. Jatnes's Park, perform'd before their 
 Majesties by divers gentlemen and others 
 with scheets after the manner of the Hol- 
 landers, with what swif tnesse they passe, how 
 suddaiuly they stop in full carriere upon the 
 ice, I went home by water. Evelyn, Diary, 
 Dec. 1, 1662. 
 
 SCHIS:HATISE. R. says, " Cotgrave 
 renders Fr. scismatizer, to schismatize 
 it, to play the schismatick." Gauden 
 wrote 27 3 r ears after Cotgrave's Diet. 
 was published. 
 
 From which [Church] I rather chose boldly 
 to separate than poorly to schismatise in it. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 42 (see also 
 p. 114). 
 
 SCHISMIK, schismatic. 
 Content ! quoth Achab ; then to Carmel's 
 
 top 
 
 The schismik priests were quickly called up. 
 Sylvester, The Schisme, 525. 
 
 Vouchsafe our soul's rest without schismick 
 strife. Ibid., Little Bartas, 1047. 
 
 SCHIST, a geological term for rock 
 that is easily split. 
 
 The vast ridge of limestone alternating 
 with the schist, and running north and south 
 in high serrated ridges, was cut through by 
 a deep fissure. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Ham- 
 lyn, ch. xliii. 
 
 SCHOLARISM, scholarship. 
 There was an impression that this new- 
 fangled scholarism was a very sad matter
 
 SCHOLARS-MATE ( 571 ) 
 
 SCORN 
 
 iudeed. Doran, Memorials of Great Towns, 
 p. 225. 
 
 SCHOLAR'S -MATE, a simple opening 
 by which the adversary is induced to 
 open his King, and is checkmated by 
 Queen guarded by Bishop after three 
 moves. It is only available against 
 beginners, as the attack is easily 
 avoided. 
 
 The two wrestlers made very pretty play 
 of it for some time, till James, feinting at 
 some outlandish manoeuvre, put George on 
 his back by a simple trip, akin to scholar's- 
 mate at chess. H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. vi. 
 
 SCHOLLARD, the vulgar pronunciation 
 of scholar. 
 
 The admiring patient shall certainly cry 
 you up for a great schollard, provided always 
 your nonsense be fluent. The Quack's Aca- 
 demy, 1678 (Earl. Misc., ii. 33). 
 
 You know Mark was a schollard, sir, like 
 my poor, poor sister. Lytton, My Novel, Bk. 
 I. ch. ill. 
 
 SCHOOL, a shoal ; a number gathered 
 together. 
 
 He saw at the mouth of Nilus ... a scale 
 of Dolphins. Sandys, Travels, p. 100. 
 
 A great shoal, or as they call it, a scool of 
 pilchards came with the tide directly out of 
 sea into the harbour. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. 
 Britain, i. 391. 
 
 We were aware of a school of whales wal- 
 lowing and spouting in the golden flood of 
 the sun's light. Eae, Land of the N. Wind, 
 p. 154 (1875). 
 
 SCHOOLLESS, without school. Sylves- 
 ter says that the H. Spirit enables 
 
 Som (school-lesse Schollers, Learned studi- 
 
 lesse) 
 To understand and speak all languages. 
 
 Little Bartas, 1009. 
 
 SCINTILLA, a spark ; this Latin word 
 is almost naturalised now. 
 
 Such was the disposition or rather pre- 
 cipitation of judgment in most people upon 
 a scintilla of evidence to conclude the King 
 was a Papist. North, Examen, p. 655. 
 
 SCLERAGOGY, hard treatment of the 
 body. 
 
 We let others run faster than we in tem- 
 perance, in chastity, in sclerayogy, as it was 
 call'd. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 51. 
 
 SCOGANISM, a scurrilous jest. Scogan 
 was a famous jester. See N. 
 
 But what do I trouble my reader with this 
 idle Scoyanism ? Scolds or jesters are only 
 fit for this combat. Bp. Hall, Works, ix. 
 183. 
 
 SCOGANLY, scurrilous. 
 
 He so manifestly belies our holy, reverend, 
 worthy Master Fox, whom this scoganly pen 
 dare say plays the goose. Bp. Hall, Works, 
 ix. 262. 
 
 SCOMFISH, to stifle or otherwise injure. 
 
 Remove your candles, for since the Saxon 
 gentlemen have seen them, they will eat 
 their dinner as comfortably by the light of 
 the old tin sconces, without scomfishiny them 
 with so much smoke. Scott, Legend of Mont- 
 rose, ch. iv. 
 
 I'll scomfish you if ever you go for to tell. 
 Mrs. Gaskell, Ruth, ch. xviii. 
 
 SCONCE, to fence or fortify. 
 
 They set upon the town of Jor, for that 
 was sconced and compassed about with 
 wooden stakes. Linschoten, Diary, 1594 
 (Eng. Garner, iii. 328). 
 
 SCONCE. Grose says, " To build a 
 sconce, a military term for bilking one's 
 quarters." 
 
 Thou huffing, puffing, sconce-building ruffi- 
 an ! T. Brown, Works, i. 80. 
 
 A lieutenant and ensign whom once I 
 admitted upon trust . . . built a sconce, and 
 left me in the lurch. Ibid., ii. 282. 
 
 These youths have been playing a small 
 game, cribbing from the till, and building 
 sconces, and suchlike tricks that there was no 
 taking hold of. Johnston, Chrysal,ch. xxviii. 
 
 SCOPEFULL, extensive ; with a wider 
 prospect. 
 
 Sith round beleaguer'd by rough Neptune's 
 
 legions, 
 
 Within the strait-nookes of this narrow He ; 
 The noblest volumes of our vulgar style 
 Cannot escape unto more scopefull regions. 
 Sylvester, Sonnet to Master 
 R[pberf] N[icolson\. 
 
 SCORELESS, not making any mark or 
 score. 
 Thy patient bearing this thy scourge (or 
 
 Crosse) 
 Doth make it scoreless ; nay, thy score doth 
 
 crosse. Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 69. 
 
 SCORIAC, pertaining to scoriae, or the 
 ashes on volcanoes. 
 
 These were days when my heart was volcanic 
 As the scoriae rivers that roll, 
 As the lavas that restlessly roll 
 Their sulphurous currents. 
 
 E. A. Foe, Ulalume (ii. 20). 
 
 SCORN, reproach ; the ordinary mean- 
 ing in such a passage as the subjoined 
 would be " object of contempt." 
 
 The babe must die that was to David born, 
 His mother's sin, his kingly father's scorn. 
 
 Peele, David and Bethsabe, p. 471.
 
 SCORPIACK 
 
 ( 572 ) 
 
 SCRAGGED 
 
 SCORPIACK, pertaining to a scorpion ; 
 scorpion-like. 
 
 What could exasperate more than when 
 an importunate man run into a fault to show 
 him no humane respect? Nay, to make him 
 pass through the two malignant signs of the 
 Zodiaque, Sayltai-y and Scorpio? That is, 
 to wound him first with arrows of sharp- 
 pointed words, and then to sting him with a 
 scorpiack censure. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 82. 
 
 SOORPION, some engine or instrument 
 used in a siege. 
 
 Here croked Coruies, fleeing bridges tal, 
 Their scathf ull scorpions that ruynes the wall. 
 Hudson's Judith, iii. 112. 
 
 SCORTATOR, a whoremonger ; a Latin 
 word used as English. 
 
 There be tumblers too, luxurious scortators, 
 and their infectious harlots. Adams, ii. 119. 
 
 SCOTCH, to hinder ; especially to stop 
 the wheel of a coach from moving 
 back by a stone, &c. 
 
 Hedges and counterhedges (having in 
 number what they want in height and 
 depth) serve for barracadoes, and will stick 
 as birdlime in the wings of the horse, and 
 scotch the wheeling about of the foot. 
 Fuller, Holy State, II. xiii. 4. 
 
 SCOTCHERY, Scottish peculiarity. 
 
 He is a mighty sensible man . . . but his 
 solemn Scotchery is a little formidable. 
 Walpole, Letters, i. 61 (1740). 
 
 SCOTIZE, to imitate the Scotch. Cf. 
 SPANIOLIZE. Bp. Gauden {Tears of 
 the Church, p. 323) speaks of those 
 opposed to Episcopacy as animated 
 with " a Scotizing zeal." 
 
 The English had Scotized in all their prac- 
 tices. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 328. 
 
 We must return to our Archbishop, whom 
 we shall find intent on the preservation of 
 the hierarchy and the Church of England 
 against the practices of the Scots and Scotiz- 
 ing Enylish.Ibid., p. 398. 
 
 SCOTOSCOPE. See quotation. 
 
 Comes Mr. Reeve with a microscope and 
 scotoscope. For the first I did give him 5. 
 10s. . . . The other he gives me, and is of 
 value; and a curious curiosity it is to dis- 
 cover objects in a dark room with. Pepys, 
 Aug. 13, 1604. 
 
 SCOUNDRELDOM, scoundrelism. Cf. 
 RASCALDOM. 
 
 Let the eye of the mind run along this 
 immeasurable venous - arterial system, and 
 astound itself with the magnificent extent of 
 Scoundreldom ; the deep, I may say, unfathom- 
 able, significance of Scoundrelism. Carlyle, 
 Diamond Necklace, ch. xvi. 
 
 SCOUNDRELLY, rascally. 
 
 I had mustered the scoundrelly dragoons 
 ten miuutes ago. Scott, Old Mortality, ii. 303. 
 
 We have in this history a scoundrelly Love- 
 lace. Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. 
 viii. 
 
 " He says there are three regiments at 
 least have promised solemnly to shoot their 
 officers, and give up their arms to the mob." 
 " Very important, if true, and very scoun- 
 drelly too." C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. 
 xxxiii. 
 
 SCOUT, a Dutch sailing-boat. Cf. 
 SCUTE. 
 
 We took a Scout, very much pleased with 
 the manner and conversation of the passen- 
 gers, where most speak French. Pepus, May 
 18, 1660. 
 
 Had I been travelling in a Dutch scout or 
 a Gravesend Tilt-boat, I could not have been 
 treated with less manners. T. Brown, Works, 
 iii. 204. 
 
 We see more vessels in less room at Am- 
 sterdam . . . hoys, bilanders, and schouts. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 147. 
 
 SCOUT, a sneak. 
 
 I'll beg for you, steal for you, go through 
 the wide world with you, and starve with 
 you, for though I be a poor cobler's son I am 
 no scout. Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. xv. 
 
 SCOWER, an outlet for water. (?) 
 
 For 2 Gates 30 feet wide and 24 feet high, 
 
 and the 8 upper scowers, about .10,000. Os. 
 
 Od. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 183. 
 
 SCRABBLE, to scramble. In 1 Sam. 
 xxi. 13 scrabble = scribble. Cf. 
 SCRIBBLE. 
 
 After a while, Littlefaith came to himself, 
 and, getting up, made shift to scrabble on his 
 way. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, i. 201. 
 
 So is not continence you see ; that phan- 
 tom of honour which men in every age have 
 so contemned, they have thrown it amongst 
 the women to scrabble for. I'anbrugh, Pro- 
 voked Wife, III. i. 
 
 SCRAGGED, hung. 
 
 ' He'll come to be scragged, won't he ? " 
 " I don't know what that means," replied 
 Oliver. " Something in this way, old feller," 
 said Charley. As he said it, Master Bates 
 caught up an end of his neckerchief, and 
 holding it erect in the air, dropped his head 
 on his shoulder, and jerked a curious sound 
 through his teeth ; thereby intimating by a 
 lively pantomimic representation, that scrag- 
 ging and hanging were one and the same 
 thing. Dickens, Oliver Ticist, ch. xviii. 
 So Justice was sure, though a long time she'd 
 
 lagg'd, 
 And the Sergeant, in spite of his gammon, 
 
 got scragged. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Dead Drummer).
 
 SCRAGGLING ( 573 ) 
 
 SCRIMP 
 
 SCRAGGLING, scraggy. 
 
 The Lord's sacrifice must be fat and fair ; 
 not a lean scraggling starved creature. 
 Adams, i. 124. 
 
 SCRAPE-GOOD, miserly ; avaricious. 
 
 None will be there an usurer, none will be 
 there a pinch-penny, a scrape-good wretch, or 
 churlish hardhearted refuser. Urquharfs 
 Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 SCRAPMONGER, dealer in scraps (of 
 intelligence, &c.). The reference in 
 extract is to Boswell. 
 
 Thou, curious scrapmonger, shalt live in song, 
 "When death has stilled the rattle of thy 
 tongue. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 100. 
 
 SCRAPPY, not of a piece, made up of 
 odds and ends. 
 
 The partial genius is flashy scrappy. The 
 true genius shudders at incompleteness. E. 
 A. foe, Marginalia, xliii. 
 
 SCRATCH. In a note to the passage 
 from P. Pindar, the author says, " A 
 small wig, or rather an apology for a 
 wig, so called, and generally worn by 
 our most amiable and august monarch. 
 
 When I was last at Paris, no person of 
 any condition, male or female, appeared but 
 in full dress, . . . and there was not such a 
 thing to be seen as a peruque ronde ; but at 
 present I see a number of frocks and scratches 
 in a morning in the streets of this metropolis. 
 Smollett, Travells, Letter vi. 
 Still o'er his haunted fancy waved the wig ; 
 Still saw his eye alarmed the scratch abhorred. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 48. 
 
 SCRATCH. To come up to the scratch 
 = to be ready for a certain object ; 
 though applied generally now, it origin- 
 ated in pugilistic slang, the combatants 
 when preparing to begin having to toe 
 a line drawn in the centre of the ring. 
 See extract s. v. FISTIC. 
 
 Sir Bingo . . eyed his friend . . . with a 
 dogged look of obstinacy, expressive, to use 
 his own phrase, of a determined resolution to 
 come up to the scratch. Scott, St. Ronan's 
 Well, ch. xii. 
 
 SCRATCHINGS. "The remainder of 
 the fat after it has been melted down 
 into lard" (Halliwell). 
 
 She'd take a big cullender to strain her 
 lard wi'. and then wonder as the scratchings 
 rnn through. G. Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. xviii. 
 
 SCRATTLE, to scramble. 
 
 'Twas dark parts and Popish then ; and 
 nobody knowed nothing, nor got no school- 
 ing, nor cared for nothing but scrattling up 
 and down alongshore like to prawns in a pule. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. xxx. 
 
 In another minute a bouncing and scrat- 
 tling was heard on the stairs, and a white 
 bull-dog rushed in. Hughes, Tom Brown at 
 Oxford, ch. iii. 
 
 SCRAWM, to tear. H. has " Scramb, 
 to pull or rake together with the hands. 
 Yorksh." 
 
 He scrawm'd an' scratted my faace like a 
 cat. Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 SCREE, cliff ; scaur. 
 
 For a thousand feet it ranges up in rude 
 sheets of brown heather, and grey cairns and 
 screes of granite, all sharp and black-edged 
 against the pale-blue sky. Kinysley, Two 
 Years Ago, ch. ii. 
 
 SCREW, a stingy fellow. 
 
 The ostentatious said he was a screw ; but 
 he gave away more money than far more 
 extravagant people. Thackeray, Newcomes, 
 ch. viii. 
 
 SCREW-JACK, a machine for raising 
 great weights, worked by a screw. 
 
 Entrance to the chamber was obtained by 
 the removal of the upper flat stones, by the 
 use of screw-jacks and rollers of timber. 
 Arch., xxxviii. 411. 
 
 SCRIBBLAGE, scribbling, contemptu- 
 ous word for writing. 
 
 A review which professedly omitted the 
 polemic scribblaye of theology and politics. 
 W. Taylor, Survey of Germ. Poetry, i. 352. 
 
 SCRIBBLE, a hurried walk. Cf. 
 SCRABBLE. 
 
 O you are come ! Long look'd for come 
 at last. "What ! you have a slow set pace as 
 well as your hasty scribble sometimes. The 
 Committee, I. i. 
 
 SCRIBBLE-SCRABBLE, an ungainly fel- 
 low. 
 
 By your grave and high demeanour make 
 yourself appear a hole above Obadiah, lest 
 your mistress should take you for another 
 scinbble - scrabble as he is. The Committee, 
 Act I. 
 
 SCRIBE, to write. 
 
 It's a hard case, you must needs think, 
 madam, to a mother to see a son that might 
 do whatever he would, if he'd only set about 
 it, contenting himself with doing nothing 
 but scribble and scribe. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. X. ch. vi. 
 
 SCRIMP, to stint or contract. 
 
 'A could na bear to see thee wi' thy cloak 
 scrimpit . . an' should be a'most as much 
 hurt i' my mind to see thee i' a pinched 
 cloak as if old Moll's tail here were docked 
 too short. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. vi.
 
 SCRIP 
 
 ( 574 ) 
 
 SCRUPLENESS 
 
 Officer. You were the one sole man in 
 
 either house 
 Who stood upright when both the houses 
 
 fell. 
 
 Bagenhall. The houses fell ! 
 Officer. I mean the houses knelt 
 
 Before the legate. 
 
 Bagenhall. Do not scrimp your 
 
 phrase, 
 
 But stretch it wider ; say when England fell. 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, III. iii. 
 
 SCRIP, scrap. 
 
 This be the rule a scrip of parchment take, 
 Cut like a pyramid revers'd in make. 
 
 Aubrey, Misc., p. 134. 
 
 I believe there was not a note, or least 
 scrip of paper of any consequence in my 
 possession, but they had a view of it. JBp. 
 Sprat's Narrative of Blackhead and Young 
 1692 (Harl. Misc.,vi. 201). 
 
 SCRIPPLE, scruple ; apparently from 
 stress of rhyme. 
 
 Heer is a Sirapus de Bizanzis, 
 A little thing is enough of this ; 
 For even the weight of one scripple 
 "Wil make you as strong as a cripple. 
 Hey wood, Four Ps. (Dodsley, 0. PL, 
 i. 105). 
 
 SCKIPTURALIST, a student of the Scrip- 
 tures. 
 
 The Church of [Harrow] standing on the 
 summit of a hill, and having a very high 
 spire, they tell us King Charles II., ridiculing 
 the warm disputes amoug some critical Scrip- 
 turalists of those times concerning the Visible 
 Church of Christ upon Earth, used to say, 
 This was it. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 ii. 214. 
 
 SCRIPTURIAN, biblical scholar. 
 
 Flo. Cursed be he that maketh debate 
 'twixt man and wife. 
 
 Sem. O rare scripturian ! you have sealed 
 vp my lips. 
 
 Chapman, Numerous dayes mirth, p. 103. 
 
 SCRIVEN, to write as written by a 
 scrivener, or in a law hand. 
 
 Here's a mortgage scrivened up to ten 
 skins of parchment, and the king's attorney 
 general is content with six lines. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 302. 
 
 He . . . would, after two or three hours' 
 hard scriveniny, . . . permit me to yawn, and 
 stretch, and pity myself, and curse the use- 
 less repetitions of lawyers. Miss Edgeworth, 
 Ennui, ch. xxi. 
 
 SCROG, a stunted bush. 
 
 " Scrogie Touchwood, if you please," said 
 the senior; "the scrog branch first, for it 
 must become rotten ere it become touch- 
 wood." Scott, S. Ronan's Well, ii. 300. 
 
 SCROOP, back of the cover (?) ; quasi 
 scruff (?), q. v. 
 
 I took my dingy volume by the scroop, and 
 hurled it into the dog-kennel. E. Bronte, 
 Wutheriny Heights, ch. iii. 
 
 SCRUB. See quotation : an Australian 
 word. 
 
 Scrub. I have used and shall use this 
 word so often that some explanation is due 
 to the English reader. I can give no better 
 definition of it than by saying that it means 
 " shrubbery." H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. xxvi., note. 
 
 SCRUBBERS. See quotation: an 
 Australian term. 
 
 The Captain was getting in the scrubbers, 
 cattle which had been left, under the not 
 very careful rule of the Donovans, to run 
 wild in the mountains. H. Kinysley, Geoffry 
 Hamlyn, ch. xxix. 
 
 SCRUFF, the scurf or outside skin, 
 usually in the phrase, scruff of the 
 neck. Cf. SCUFF. 
 
 John Fry, you big villain ! I cried, with 
 John hanging up in the air by the scruff of 
 his neckcloth. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, 
 ch. xxix. 
 
 SCRUFFY, scurfy. 
 
 The serpent goes to fenell when he would 
 clear his sight, or cast off his old scruffy skin 
 to wear a new one. Howell, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 76. 
 
 SCRUNCH, to crush. 
 
 He had compromised with the parents of 
 three scrunched children, and just worked 
 out his fine for knocking down an old lady. 
 Sketches by Boz (The last Cabdriver). 
 
 I saw Bedford's heel scrunch down on the 
 flunkey's right foot. Thackeray, Lovel the 
 Widower, ch. iv. 
 
 SCRUPLE, geographical minute ; also 
 a minute division of time ; a second, or 
 part of a second. 
 
 As touching the Longitude of this city, it 
 is 25 Degrees and 52 Scruples : and for the 
 Latitude it is 52 Degrees and 25 Scruples. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 568. 
 Y'are welcome in a good hour, better minute, 
 Best second, happiest third, fourth, fifth, and 
 
 scruple. Albumazar, i. 5. 
 
 Sir Christopher Heydon . . . boasted of 
 possessing a watch so exact in its movements 
 that it would give him with unerring pre- 
 cision, not the minute only, but the very 
 scruple of time. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 Ixxxvi. 
 
 SCRUPLENESS, scrupulousness. One 
 of the chapters in Tusser's Husbandrie, 
 p. 69, is " against fantastical! scruple- 
 nes."
 
 SCRUT1NATE 
 
 ( 575 ) 
 
 SCUPPET 
 
 SCRUTINATE, to examine. 
 
 The whole affair [was] scrutinated by the 
 Court, who heard both the prosecution and 
 the defence. North, Examen, p. 404. 
 
 Tne court scrutinated all points of form, 
 and findiug nothing amiss in the demand, 
 granted the cognisance. Ibid., Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 75. 
 
 SCBUTINE, to investigate. 
 
 They . . . departed to scrutine of the mat- 
 ter by inquiry amongst themselves. Greene, 
 Quip of Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc. v. 421). 
 
 SCRY, to descry. See H. s. v. ; also 
 R. s. v. ascrie. The subjoined is a 
 much more modern instance than any 
 given there. 
 
 The most that any close inspection can 
 scry out of it is that a party was found that 
 would oppose the Exclusion bill. North, 
 Examen, p. 147. 
 
 SCRYME, to fence : scrimer occurs in 
 Hamlet, iv. 7. 
 
 The fellow did not fight with edge and 
 buckler like a Christian, but had some new- 
 fangled French devil's device of scryminy 
 and fencing with his point. Kinysley, West- 
 ward Ho, ch. iii. 
 
 SOUDDLE, to hurry ; to move quickly ; 
 usually written scuttle. 
 
 How the misses did huddle, and scuddle, 
 and run ! Anstey, New Bath Guide, Letter 13. 
 
 SCUFF, the scruff, scurf, or outer skin. 
 
 [He] was seized by the scuff of the neck, 
 and literally hurled on the table in front. 
 Lytton, What will he do with it ? Bk. X. ch. vii. 
 
 SCULK, properly, a company of foxes. 
 Stanyhurst applies it to a knot of 
 adders. 
 
 Scrawling serpents with sculcks of poy- 
 soned adders. Stanyhurst, Conceited, p. 138. 
 
 We say a flight of doves or swallows, a 
 bevy of quails, a herd of deer, or wrens, or 
 cranes, a skulk of foxes, or a building of 
 rooks. Irvine/, Sketch Book (Christmas Day). 
 
 SCULL, a boat that is sculled ; a 
 sculler. 
 
 Not getting a boat, I forced to walk to 
 Stuugate, and so over to White Hall in a 
 scull. Pepys, March 21, 1669. 
 
 SCULLERY, usually the place where 
 pots and pans are kept and washed, 
 but in the extract it seems = dirt, or 
 dirty things such as are found in a 
 scullery. 
 
 Shame and sordidnesse of living shall 
 threaten him as a minister, . . . besides the 
 black pots among which these doves must 
 lie, I mean the soot and skullery of vulgar 
 iasolency, plebeian petulaacy, aad fanatick 
 
 contempt. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 258. 
 
 SCULLERY SCIENCE, a jocose name for 
 phrenology. 
 
 I did very much aggravate the phrenolo- 
 gist lately by laughing at the whole scullery 
 science and its votaries. Charley, Memorials 
 of Mrs. Hemans, i. 255. 
 
 SCULPTRESS, female sculptor. 
 
 Perhaps you know the sculptress, Ney ; if 
 not, you have lost a great dea,\.Zimmem, 
 Arthur Schopenhauer, p. 242. 
 
 SCULPTURAL, pertaining to sculpture ; 
 statuesque. 
 
 Some fine forms there were here and 
 there ; models of a peculiar style of beauty ; 
 a style, I think, never seen in England ; a 
 solid, firm-set, sculptural style. Miss Bronte, 
 Gillette, ch. xx. 
 
 SCULPTURESQUE, statue-like ; chiselled. 
 
 Her figure was slim and sufficiently tall, 
 her face rather emaciated, so that its sculp- 
 turesque beauty was the more pronounced. 
 G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xiii. 
 
 SCUMMER, to defile with ordure. 
 And for a monument to after-commers 
 Their picture shall continue (though Time 
 
 scu mmers 
 Vpon th' Effigie). 
 
 Davies, Commendatory Verses, p. 13. 
 
 SCUMMER, one who takes off the 
 scum. L. has the word for the vessel 
 which is used in doing this. The ex- 
 pression in the original, escumeur de 
 marmites, signifies a parasite, a trench- 
 erfly. Epistemon is describing the 
 occupations of some of the departed in 
 the Elysian Fields, and among the rest 
 catalogues 
 
 Pope Boniface the Eighth, a scummer of 
 pots. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxx. 
 
 SCUNNERED, satiated, so as to feel 
 disgust. 
 
 Eh, laddie, laddie, I've been treating ye as 
 the grocers do their new prentices. They 
 first gie the boys three days free warren 
 among the figs and the sugar-candy, and 
 they get scunnered wi' sweets after that. C. 
 Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. iii. 
 
 SCUPPET, a shovel (see H. s. v. ) : also 
 a verb. See extract, s. v. SKAVEL. 
 
 Our mitred archpatriarch, Leopold Herring, 
 exacts no such Muscovian vassailage of his 
 liegemen, though hee put them to their 
 trumps other while, and scuppets not his 
 beneficence into their mouthes with such 
 fresh water facility as M. Ascham in his 
 ' S-'hoolemaster ' would imply. Nashe, Le>i- 
 ten Stujfe (Harl. Misc., vi. 160).
 
 SCUSE 
 
 ( 576 ) SEA-SOLDIERS 
 
 "What scuppet have we then to free the 
 heart of this muddy pollution ? Adams, \. 
 267. 
 
 SCUSE, excuse. 
 
 Yea, Custance, better (they say 1 ) a bad 
 scu.se than none. Udal, Roister Doister, v. 2. 
 
 Come but to the old proverbe, aud I will 
 put you downe ; " "Tis as hard to find a hare 
 without a muse as a woman without a scuse." 
 Greene, Theeves falling out, 1615 (Harl. 
 Misc., viii. 382). 
 
 SCUTE, a light boat. See SCOUT. 
 
 All they that occupy boats, wherries, and 
 scutes, or sail upon the sea. Bale, Select 
 Works, p. 533. 
 
 Where skut's f urth launched, theare now 
 the great wayn is entred. Stanyhurst, Con- 
 ceites, p. 136. 
 
 SCUTTER, a hasty, noisy run. 
 
 The dog's endeavour to avoid him was un- 
 successful ; as I guessed by a scatter down- 
 stairs, and a prolonged piteous yelping. E. 
 Bronte, Wutheriny Heights, ch. xiii. 
 
 SCUTTERING, a hasty pace ; scuttle is 
 more common. 
 
 A sound behind the tapestry which was 
 more like the scuttering of rats and mice 
 than anything else. Mrs. Gaskell, Curious 
 if True. 
 
 SEA. At full sea = at their height ; 
 in full sail, as we may say. 
 
 A satyricall Eomane in his time thought 
 all vice, folly, and madnesse were all at full 
 sea. Burton, Democ. to Reader, p. 28. 
 
 SEABELCH, a breaker or line of 
 breakers. See extract s. v. RAPFULLY. 
 
 SEALER, one who seals. See extract 
 s. v. Si'iGURNELL. L. gives the word 
 without example. 
 
 On the right, at the table, is the sealer 
 pressing down the matrix of the great seal 
 with a roller on the wax to a patent. 
 Archteol., xxxix. 358 (1860). 
 
 SEAME, a quarter of corn. 
 Thy dredge and thy barley go thresh out to 
 
 malt, 
 Let malster be cunning, else lose it thou 
 
 shalt : 
 
 Th' encrease of a seame is a bushel for store, 
 Bad else is the barley, or huswife much more. 
 Tusser's Husbandrie, p. 55. 
 
 SEAMSTRESSY, the art or occupation of 
 sewing. 
 
 As an appendage to seamstressy the thread 
 paper might be of some consequence to my 
 mother. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iii. 49. 
 
 SEA-ORE. See extract. 
 
 They have a method of breaking the force 
 
 of the waves here [Southampton] by laying 
 a bank of Sea-ore, as they call it. It is com- 
 posed of long, slender, and strong filaments 
 like pill'd hemp, very tough and durable ; I 
 suppose thrown up by the sea ; and this per- 
 forms its work better than walls of stone or 
 natural cliff. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 i. 223. 
 
 SEAPIE, a fowl of the genus Hcemat- 
 opiis ; called also the oyster-catcher. 
 
 A couple of friends shooting on the Thames 
 with birding pieces, it happened they struck 
 a seapie or some other fowl. The Great Frost, 
 Jan. 1608 (Eny. Garner, i. 86). 
 
 SEAPLASH, waves. 
 
 And bye thye good guiding through sea- 
 plash stormye we marched. Stanyhurst, 
 jn., iii. 161. 
 
 SEARCHING, being sought ; for a simi- 
 lar use of the participle by Miss Austen, 
 see BRINGING. CARRYING, and by Mad. 
 D'Arblay s. v. MOBOCRACY. 
 
 Precedents are searching and plans drawing 
 up for that purpose. Walpole, Letters, i. 94 
 (1741). 
 
 SEARCHRESS, female searcher ; in the 
 extract inventress or authoress. 
 
 Of these drirye dolours eeke thow Queene 
 luuo the searchresse. Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 
 652. 
 
 SEAR-CLOTH, to wrap in or robe with a 
 cere-cloth (which is the usual spelling), 
 i. e. a cloth anointed with some glutin- 
 ous matter of a healing nature. 
 
 He of the looking-glasses . . . parted from 
 Don Quixote and Sancho, to look for some 
 convenient place where he might sear-cloth 
 himself and splinter his ribs. Jarvis's Don 
 Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. xiv. 
 
 SEARE. 
 
 We straytlye commaunde you to make 
 proclamation ... to all maner of men that 
 euery seare persone haue boweand shaftesof 
 his owne. Aschatn, Toxophilus, p. 79. 
 
 SEASCAPE, view of the sea. Cf. 
 SKYSCAPE. 
 
 He found perched on the cliff, his fingers 
 blue with cold, the celebrated Andrea Fitch 
 employed in sketching a laud or a seascape on 
 a sheet of grey paper. Thackeray, Shabby 
 Genteel Story, ch. v. 
 
 It is in these respects that the seascape with 
 figures . . . gains. Jfacmillan'i May., March, 
 1876, p. 461. 
 
 SEA-SOLDIERS, marines. 
 
 That expert and hardy crew of some thou- 
 sands of sea soldiers would be to this realm a 
 treasure incomparable. Dr. Dee, Petty Xavy 
 Royal, 1576 (Eny. Garner, ii. 62).
 
 SEASONLESS 
 
 ( 577 ) 
 
 SECTMASTER 
 
 Six hundred sea-soldiers under the conduct 
 of Sir .Richard Levison. Holland's Camden, 
 ii. 136. 
 
 SEASONLESS, insipid. 
 And when the stubborne stroke of my harsh 
 
 song 
 Shall seasonlesse glide through almightie 
 
 eares, 
 
 Vouchsafe to sweet it with thy blessed tong. 
 G. Markham, Tratjedie of Sir R. Grinuile 
 (Dedic. to Earl of Southampton). 
 
 SEAT, seems to be a technical word 
 among shoemakers for a place of em- 
 ployment, or an engagement. A seat 
 of stuff = employment in making stuff 
 shoes. 
 
 After having worked on stuff work in the 
 country, I could not bear the idea of return- 
 ing to the leather-branch ; I therefore at- 
 tempted and obtained a seat of stuff in Bristol. 
 Life of J. Lackington, Letter xvii. 
 
 I left my seat of work at Bristol. Ibid., 
 Letter xviii. 
 
 SEAT OF HONODB, the posteriors. A 
 whimsical reason for this name is given 
 in the extract. W. Combe calls the 
 same part " the seat of shame." See 
 quotation s. v. GRAVE-MAN. 
 
 A question was proposed, which was the 
 most honourable part of a man ? One . . . 
 made answer that that was the most honour- 
 able part that we sit upon ; and when every 
 one cried out that was absurd, he backed it 
 with this reason, that he was commonly ac- 
 counted the most honourable that was first 
 seated, and that this honour was commonly 
 done to the part that he spoke of. Bailey's 
 Erasmus, p. 225. 
 
 SEATS, thrones ; as applied to the 
 angelic hierarchy. 
 
 That there are seats, lordships, princi- 
 palities, and powers in the hosts of heaven I 
 steadfastly believe. Bullinyer, iii. 337. 
 
 SEAX. See quotation. 
 
 They invited the British to a party and 
 banquet on Salisbury Plain ; where suddenly 
 drawing out their seaxes (concealed under 
 their long coats) being crooked swords, the 
 emblem of their indirect proceedings, they 
 made then- innocent guests with their bloud, 
 pay the shots of their entertainment. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., I. v. 25. 
 
 SECCOON, a thrust in fencing. 
 
 Pr. Vol. Straight in Seccoon grim death 
 shall be his lot. 
 
 Pr. Fret. And with my point in Cart I'll 
 lay her flat. 
 
 D' Urfey, Two Kings of Brentford, 
 Act II. 
 
 "We'll go through the whole exercise ; 
 carte, tierce, and segoon. Colman, Jealous 
 Wife, Act IV. 
 
 SECESSION, retirement. Sterne is 
 speaking of sleep. 
 
 No desire or fear or doubt that troubles 
 the air, nor any difficulty past, present or to 
 come, that the imagination may not pass 
 over without offence in that sweet secession. 
 Trist. Shandy, III. 154. 
 
 SECLUSE, seclusion. 
 To what end did our lavish ancestors 
 Erect of old these stately piles of ours, 
 For threadbare clerks, and for the ragged 
 
 muse, 
 
 Whom better fit some cotes of sad secluse 1 
 Hall, Satires, II. ii. 4. 
 
 SECRET. See quotation. 
 
 He therefore wore under his jerkin a secret, 
 or coat of chain - mail, made so light and 
 flexible that it interfered as little with his 
 movements as a modern under-waistcoat, 
 yet of such proof as he might safely depend 
 upon. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, i. 75. 
 
 SECRETARIAL, pertaining to a secre- 
 tary. 
 
 The career likeliest for Sterling, in his and 
 the world's circumstances, would have been 
 what is called public life : some secretarial, 
 diplomatic or other official training. Carlyle, 
 Life of Sterling, ch. v. 
 
 SECRETARIAN, pertaining to a secre- 
 tary. 
 
 We may observe in his book in most years 
 a catalogue of preferments with dates and 
 remarks, which latter by the Secretarial! 
 touches show out of what shop he had them. 
 North, Examen, p. 33. 
 
 The Popish Plot and the bill of Exclusion 
 . . must be aided by these false glosses built 
 upon certain Secretarian expressions in Cole- 
 man's letters. Ibid. p. 144. 
 
 SECRETARY, confidant. 
 
 Ralph. Nay, Ned, never wink upon me ; I 
 care not, I. 
 
 K. Hen. Ralph tells all ; you shall have a 
 good secretary of him. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 174. 
 
 SECT, profession. Burton, speaking 
 of physicians, says, 
 
 I know many of their sect which have taken 
 orders in hope of a benefice. Democ. to 
 Reader, p. 15. 
 
 SECTMASTER, leader of a sect. 
 A blind company will follow a blind sect- 
 master. S. Ward, Sermons, p. 76. 
 
 And Isaac's Offspring for a Sect 
 Must pass in Hopkins' dialect, 
 As if the holy Isaac were 
 An heretick or sectmaster. 
 
 T. Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. i. p. 73. 
 
 P P
 
 SECULERNESS ( 578 ) 
 
 SEMI-FIDEL 
 
 SECULERNESS, secularity. The ex- 
 tract refers to the clergy acquiring 
 lands, and taking with them all secular 
 honours pertaining thereto. 
 The landes of lordes and dukes to possesse 
 Thei abasshe not a whit the seculerness, 
 Chalengyiige tytles of worldly honour. 
 
 Dialoye betwene a Gentillman and a 
 Husbandman, p. 143. 
 
 SECURANCE, assurance; making cer- 
 tain. 
 
 For the securance of Thy Resurrection, 
 upon which all our faith justly dependeth, 
 Thou hadst spent forty days upon earth. 
 Bp. Hall, Works, viii. 342. 
 
 SECUREFDL, protecting. 
 
 I well know the ready right hand charge, 
 I know the left, and ev'ry sway of my secure- 
 ful targe. Chapman, Iliad, vii. 209. 
 
 SEDILIA, seats in the chancel ^or 
 sanctuary for the clergy. 
 
 This goes a great way in accounting for 
 the varieties in the sedilia. Arch., xi. 343 
 (1794). 
 
 SEEABLE, that which is to be seen. 
 
 "We shall make a march of it, seeing all 
 the seeables on the way. Southey, Letters, 
 ii. 271. 
 
 SEED-FULL, full of seed ; pregnant. 
 Sylvester says of the Phoenix, 
 
 She sits all gladly-sad expecting 
 Som fame (against her fragrant heap re- 
 flecting) 
 
 To burn her sacred bones to seedfull cinders. 
 Sylvester, fifth day, first iceeke, 626. 
 
 SEEDING, sowing. 
 
 You see the wicked's seeding and harvest. 
 Adams, ii. 372. 
 
 SEEDOW, fit for sowing (?). 
 
 They must be all roughly dried before they 
 be seedow and fruitf ull. Holland, Pliny, 
 xix. 7. 
 
 SEEDSTER, sower. Sylvester (Col- 
 umnes, 606) speaks of Mars as the 
 " tieedster of debate." 
 
 SEEDY, poor ; badly off ; shabby. 
 
 However seedy Mr. Bagshot may be now, 
 if he has really plaid this frolic with you, 
 you may believe he will play it with others, 
 and when he is in cash you may depend on 
 a restoration. Fieldiny, Jonathan Wild, Bk. 
 I. ch. xii. 
 
 Wild answered ... he should be obliged to 
 him if he could lend him a few guineas ; for 
 that he was very seedy. Ibid., Bk. IV. ch. ii. 
 
 He is a little seedy, as we say among us 
 that practise the law. Not well in clothes. 
 Smoke the pocket-holes. Goldsmith, Good- 
 natured man, III. i. 
 
 The outward man of the stranger was in a 
 most remarkable degree what mine host of 
 the Sir William Wallace, in his phraseology, 
 calls seedy. His black coat had seen service ; 
 the waistcoat of grey plaid bore yet stronger 
 marks of having encountered more than one 
 campaign. Scott, Introd. to Count Robert of 
 Paris. 
 
 SEGGON, a labourer. See H. s. v. 
 Poore seygons halfe starued worke faintly and 
 dull. Tusser's Husbandrie, p. 174. 
 
 SEIZABLE, capable'of being seized. 
 
 The carts, waggons, and every attainable 
 or seizable vehicle were unremittingly in 
 motion. Mad. D'Arblay's Diary, vii. 177. 
 But Sir Jacob walked more slowly, and bow'd 
 Right and left to the gaping crowd, 
 
 Wherever a glance was seizable. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyy. 
 
 SELECT, selection. 
 
 Borrow of the profligate speech-makers or 
 lyars of the time in print, and make a select 
 out of a select of them to adorn a party. 
 North, Examen, p. 32. 
 
 He ... sets forth a select of the Rye-Plot 
 papers. Ibid., p. 308. 
 
 SELENISCOPE, instrument for observ- 
 ing the moon : should be spelt seleno- 
 scope. 
 
 Mr. Henshaw and his brother-in-law came 
 to visite me, and he presented me with a 
 seleniscope. Evelyn, Diary, June 9, 1653. 
 
 SELENOGRAPHER, a describer of the 
 moon. 
 
 He believ'd the sunn to be a material fire, 
 the mooue a continent, as appears by the 
 late Helenoyraphers. Evelyn, Diary, Aug. 
 28, 1655. 
 
 SELFLESS, unselfish. 
 So now, what hearts have men ! they never 
 
 mount 
 As high as woman in her selfless mood. 
 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 The simple, silent, selfless man 
 Is worth a world of tonguesters. 
 
 Ibid., Harold, V. i. 
 
 SELF-WILLEDNESS, self-will ; obstin- 
 acy. 
 
 It was the consequence of her ladyship's 
 self-mlledness about the young horses. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Belinda, ch. xi. 
 
 SEMBLE, similar. 
 
 A tyrant vile 
 
 Of name and deed that bare the semble stile 
 That did this king. Hudson's Judith, i. 80. 
 
 SEMI-FIDEL, sceptical, but not infidel. 
 
 She casts her eye complacently toward an 
 assortment of those books which so many 
 writers, male and female, some of the infidel,
 
 SEMIGOD 
 
 ( 579 ) 
 
 SENVIE 
 
 some of the semi-fidel, and some of the 
 super-fidel schools, have composed for the 
 laudable purpose of enabling children to 
 understand everything. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 SEMIGOD, demigod, which is the com- 
 moner form. 
 
 Sejanns, whom the Romans worship in 
 the morning as a semigod, before night they 
 tear a-pieces. Adams, i. 503. 
 
 SEMINALLY, originally; springing 
 from the seed. 
 
 Presbyters can conferre no more upon any 
 of Bishop than is radically, seminally, and 
 eminently in themselves. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 470. 
 
 SEMITAWRE, half a bull. 
 Some semitawres, and some more halfe a 
 
 beare, 
 
 Other halfe swine deepe wallowing in the 
 miers. 
 
 Breton, Pilgrimage to Paradise, p. 8. 
 He sees Chimeras, Gorgons, Mino-Taures, 
 Medusas Haggs, Alectos, Semi-Tawres. 
 
 Sylvester, Bethulia's liescue, vi. 108. 
 
 SEMIUNCIAL, half (the size of) uncial 
 (letters) ; literally, half-inch. The 
 second extract evidently refers to the 
 first. 
 
 Where contracting is the main business, it 
 is not well to write, as the fashion now is, 
 uncial or semiuncial letters, to look like pig's 
 ribs. North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 20. 
 
 A vile greasy scrawl indeed! and the 
 letters are uncial or semiuncial, as somebody 
 calls your large text-hand, and. in size and 
 perpendicularity resemble the ribs of a 
 roasted pig. Scott, Guy Mannering, ii. 257. 
 
 SEMNABLE, similar. 
 
 " From Berwick to Dover, three hundred 
 miles over." That is, from one end of the 
 Laud to the other. Semnable the Scripture 
 expression, " From Dan to Beersheba." 
 Fuller, Worthies, Northumberland (ii. 188). 
 
 SEMPITERNIZE, to perpetuate. 
 
 Nature, nevertheless, did not after that 
 manner provide for the sempiterniziny of the 
 human race. Uryuhart's Rabelais, Bk. III. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 SEMPSTRY-WORK, sewing. 
 
 My wife had lately requested her to look 
 out for some sempstry-work among the neigh- 
 bours. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 159. 
 
 SENATORY, the upper house of Par- 
 liament. 
 
 As for the commens vniuersally, 
 And a greate parte of the senatory 
 Were of the same intencion. 
 
 Eoy and Harlow, Rede me and 
 be nott wrothe, p. 40. 
 
 SENESCENT, aging. 
 
 If the senescent spinsters and dowagers 
 within the circle of his little world had not 
 cards as duly as their food, many of them 
 would have taken to something worse in 
 their stead. Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxci. 
 
 The night was senescent 
 And star-dials pointed to morn. 
 
 E. A. Poe, Ulalume (ii. 21). 
 
 SENSATION, is often used now adjec- 
 tivally in such phrases as " sensation 
 novel," " sensation drama," meaning a. 
 novel or drama with very stirring and 
 exciting, but improbable, incidents. 
 The date of the extract is 1861. 
 
 At the theatres they have a new name for 
 their melodramatic pieces ; and call them 
 " Sensation Dramas." Thackeray, Round- 
 about Papers, xvi. 
 
 SENSE-BOY. See extract : the place 
 referred to is Cape Coast Castle. 
 
 Each [servant] has servants to wait on 
 him, whom they call sense-boys, i e. they 
 wait on them to be taught. L. E. London 
 (Life by Blanchard, i. 200). 
 
 SENTENCER, a judge ; one who pro- 
 nounces sentence. 
 
 It becomes not me to sentence either the 
 sentenced, orsnenwsthat adjudged him to 
 death. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 62$. 
 
 Harutli and Maruth went, 
 The chosen sentencers ; they fairly heard 
 The appeals of men to their tribunal brought, 
 And rightfully decided. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. iv. 
 
 SENTENTIALLY, by way of sentence ; 
 judicially. 
 
 We sententially and definitively by tliis 
 present writing judge, declare, and condemn 
 the said Sir John Oldcastle, Knight, and Lord 
 Cobham, for a most pernicious and detestable 
 heretic. Hale, Select Works, p. 42. 
 
 The Pope incensed against King Henry, 
 had not long since sententiatly deprived him 
 of his kingdom. Heylin, Hist, of Reforma- 
 tion, i. 22. 
 
 SENTIMENTALIZE, to indulge in feeling 
 or sentiment. 
 
 They reproach and torment themselves, 
 and refine and sentimentalize, till gratitude 
 becomes burdensome. Miss Edyeworth, 
 Emilie de Coulanges. 
 
 He wanted to be quiet and sentimentalize 
 over the roaring of the wind outside. Kings- 
 ley, Two Years Ago, ch. iii. 
 
 SENTINE, sink or sewer. 
 
 I can say grossly . . . the devil to be a 
 stinking sentine of all vices ; a foul filthy 
 channel of all mischiefs. Latimer, i. 42. 
 
 SENVIE, mustard seed, 
 p p 2
 
 SEPARATE ( 580 ) SERMONER 
 
 He that is quit of so bad a guest shall 
 septuple his own woes by his re-entertaia- 
 meut. Ibid. ii. 87. 
 
 SEPULCHEB TABLE, mural tablet. 
 
 I have seen these antiquities also fastened 
 in the walles . . . and in a grave or sepulcher- 
 table, between two images. Holland's Cam- 
 den, p. 236. 
 
 SERAPHIC, a name frequently used by 
 Gauden, in a sneering; way, of the sec- 
 taries of his day, in allusion to their 
 flaming zeal. 
 
 Where he is best known, he must look to 
 be less beloved by many high Seraphicks and 
 supercilious Separatists. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 256. 
 
 SERENA, the unwholesome evening 
 air ; the foreign form is noted as some- 
 what curious because the word had been 
 Anglicised long before by Jonson, &c. 
 
 They had already by way of precaution 
 armed .themselves against the Serena with a 
 caudle. Gentleman Instructed, p. 108. 
 
 SERENE. The Diets, only furnish 
 examples of this substantive in a bad 
 sense, viz. the mildew or blight of a calm 
 summer's evening. In the extracts it 
 signifies simply calm or serenity, with 
 no evil effects connoted. 
 
 Will ye continue to see the same cast and 
 habit of melancholy in this man's counten- 
 ance ? No more than ye can see the gloom 
 of last winter in the smiling serene of a sum- 
 mer's evening. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 220. 
 
 The serene of heartfelt happiness has little 
 of adventure in it. Ibid. ii. 241. 
 
 Not a cloud obscured the deep serene. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xiii. 
 
 My body is cleft by these wedges of pains 
 From my spirit's serene. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Rhapsody of Life's 
 Progress. 
 
 SERENIZE, to make serene ; but in 
 the extract it seems = to glorify. 
 Thy Being's vniuersall ; most exact ! 
 
 Then, being such, what should my homage 
 
 be? 
 
 And be my Grace and Goodnesse most ab- 
 stract, 
 
 How can I, wanting both, serenize Thee ? 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 33. 
 
 SERFAGE, villainage. 
 
 It does not seem to me that the institutions 
 of a country, (except slavery or serfage) have 
 anything to do with the matter. Senior's 
 Conversations with de Tocqueville, i. 24. 
 
 SERMONER, preacher; sermoniser. 
 Ben Jonson, quoted by R., has ser- 
 moneer. 
 
 Senvie . is of a most biting and stinging 
 tast, of a fierie effect, but nathelesse very 
 good and wholesom for man's bodie. Hol- 
 land, Pliny, xix. 8. 
 
 SEPARATE, a separatist. 
 
 Chusing rather to be a rank Separate, a 
 meer Quaker, an arrant Seeker. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 41. 
 
 This seems to be the summarie sense of 
 that pious Apology lately offered in behalf 
 of all thorough-paced Separates. Ibid. p. 43. 
 
 SEPARIST, separatist. 
 In contradiction to the present thought, 
 My sole opinion signifieth nought ; 
 'Tis over-rul'd, and I am surely cast, 
 Which proves the fate of separists at last. 
 
 Labour in Vain, 1700 (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 383). 
 
 SEPELITION, burial. 
 
 The other extreme is of them who do so 
 over-honour the dead, that they abridge some 
 parts of them of a due sepelition. p. Hall, 
 Works, v. 416. 
 
 SEPT, fence. Fuller distinguishing 
 TO \tp6v from 6 vaoc, describes the former 
 as 
 
 Containing all the verge and compass of 
 the courts about the temple, and within the 
 outward sept thereof. Pisgah Sight, III., Pt. 
 III. ix. 2. 
 
 SEPTEMFLUOUS, flowing in seven 
 streams, Septemfluaflumina Nili (Ov. 
 Met. xv. 753). 
 
 Doth salvation necessarily depend upon 
 your septemjluous sacraments ? Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, i. 220. 
 
 The town is seated on the East side of the 
 river Ley, which not only parteth Hertford- 
 shire from Essex, but also seven times parteth 
 from its self, whose septemjluous stream in 
 coming to the town is crossed again with so 
 many bridges. Fuller, Hist, of Waltham- 
 Albey, p. 1. 
 
 SEPTEMVIOUS, in seven directions. 
 
 Officers of the state ran septemvious, seek- 
 ing an ape to counteract the bloodthirsty 
 tomfoolery of the human species. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. Ixxiii. 
 
 SEPTI-FBONTED, having seven fronts. 
 
 Of these he forms his Antichrist, 
 And paints him in a figure horrid, 
 With ten large horns on ev'ry forhead, 
 And with a septi-fronted scull. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. iv. p. 363. 
 
 SEPTUPLE, to multiply by seven. 
 
 The fire in an oven whose heat was sep- 
 tupled touched not those three servants of 
 the Lord. Adams, i. 91.
 
 SERMONET 
 
 SETT 
 
 This is the sin of schoolmasters, gover- 
 nesses, critics, sermoners, and instructors of 
 young or old people. Thackeray, Roundabout 
 Papers, xxv. 
 
 SERMONET, a little sermon. 
 A brief but stirring sermonet. Ch. Times, 
 Sept. 27, 1872, p. 433. 
 
 SERMONOID, that which has the form 
 or appearance of a sermon. 
 
 For the want of merely a comma, it often 
 occurs that an axiom appears a paradox, or 
 that a sarcasm is converted into a sermonoid. 
 E. A. Poe, Marginalia, v. 
 
 SERPEDINOUS, creeping ; serpiginous 
 is the usual technical term. 
 
 The itch is a corrupt humour between the 
 skin and the flesh, running with a serpedin- 
 ous course, till it hath denied the whole body. 
 Adams, i. 501. 
 
 SERPENTRY, serpent-kind. 
 
 "Wipe away all slime 
 Left by men-slugs and human serpentry. 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. i. 
 
 SERVANTED. In the first extract 
 (which is given in the Diets. )servanted 
 = reduced to the condition of a serv- 
 ant : in the second, attended by a 
 servant. 
 
 My affairs 
 Are servanted to others. 
 
 Coriolanus, v. 2. 
 
 The uncles and the nephew are now to be 
 double-servanted, (single-servanted they were 
 before) and those servants are to be double 
 armed when they attend their masters 
 abroad. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, i. 225. 
 
 SERVE, the fruit of the service-tree. 
 
 Crato utterly forbids all manner of fruits, 
 as peares, apples, plumms, cherries, straw- 
 berries, nuts, medlers, serves, &c. Burton, 
 Democ. to Reade, p. 69. 
 
 SERVER, conduit. 
 
 They, . . . derived rilles and servers of 
 water into every street. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 248. 
 
 SERVITOR, a soldier. 
 
 With that came forth a Spaniard ealled 
 Sebastian, who had been an old servitor in 
 Flanders. Sanders, Voyage to Tripoli, 1584 
 (Eng. Garner, ii. 16). 
 
 Of these souldiers thus trained the Isle it 
 selfe is able to bring forth into the field 
 4000. And at the instant of all assaies ap- 
 pointed there bee three thousand more of 
 most expert and practiced servitours out of 
 Hampshire. Holland's Camden, p. 275. 
 
 SERVITURE, slavery. 
 
 A very serviture of Egypt is it to be in 
 
 danger of these papistic bishops. Bale, 
 Select Works, p. 179. 
 
 SESQUIPEDALIANISM, the use of long 
 words ; literally half a yard long (Ars 
 Poetica, 97). 
 
 Are not these masters of hyperpolysyllabic 
 sesquipedalian! sm using proper language? 
 Hall, Modern English, p. 39. 
 
 SESQUIPEDALITY, great size. See 
 preceding entry. 
 
 Imagine to yourself a little squat un- 
 courtly figure of a Doctor Slop, of about four 
 feet and a half perpendicular height, with a 
 breadth of back and a sesquipedality of belly 
 which might have done honour to a Serjeant 
 in the horse-guards. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, 
 i. 217. 
 
 SESTINE, a poem of six stanzas ; the 
 word will be found elsewhere in the 
 Arcadia. See pp. 216, 438. 
 
 The day was so wasted that onely this 
 riming Sesline delivered by one of great ac- 
 count among them, could obtain favour to 
 bee heard. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 442. 
 
 SET, to mark out 'for robbery ; the 
 idea being taken from a dog who sets 
 birds. 
 
 He with his squadron overtakes a coach 
 which they had set overnight, having intelli- 
 gence of a booty of four hundred pounds in 
 it. Memoirs of Du Vail, 1670 (Harl. Misc., 
 iii. 311). 
 
 He might come to rob or to set the house, 
 now so few servants were' at home. Sprat's 
 Relation of Young's conspiracy, 1692 (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 209). 
 
 A combination' of sharpers, it seems, had 
 long set him as a man of fortune. Richard- 
 son, Grandison, iv. 294. 
 
 SET DOWN, a lift is the more com- 
 mon expression. 
 
 Part of the journey I performed on foot ; 
 but wherever I could I got a set down, because 
 I was impatient to get near the Land's 
 End. Miss Edgcworth, Lame Jervas, ch. ii. 
 
 SETT, a team of six horses. 
 
 I am preparing with Lady Betty and my 
 cousin Montague to wait upon my beloved 
 with a coach-and-four, or a sett : for Lady 
 Betty will not stir out with a pair for the 
 world. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 301. 
 
 Here to-day about five o'clock arrived Lady 
 Sarah Sadleir and Lady Betty Lawrence; 
 each in her chariot-and-six. Dowagers love 
 equipage, and these cannot travel ten miles 
 without a sett. Ibid. vi. 226. 
 
 The nobility drive half-a-dozen rats in an 
 elbow-chair, and call them a sit of coach- 
 horses ; so that a poor devil of a chairman 
 can get nothing at all, at all. Colman, Occa- 
 sional Prelude.
 
 SETTING STICKS ( 582 ) SHACKLE-HAMMED 
 
 SETTING STICKS, " a stick used for 
 making the plaits or sets of ruffs " 
 (Halli \vell). Breton (PasquiVs Prog- 
 nostication, p. 11) says that Dooms- 
 day will be near when " maides will use 
 no setting sticks," 
 
 SEVERITY, used in a peculiar sense in 
 the extract, as though it came from 
 sever. 
 
 Gregory the Ninth in his Epistles blames 
 the English Clergy above any, that they 
 studied to undo one another. . . . He saw too 
 much into the nature of our iusulary severity, 
 and not holding close together. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 129. 
 
 SEWANT. H. gives this, without ex- 
 ample, as a North-country name for the 
 plaice. 
 
 Behold some others ranged all along 
 To take the seicant, yea the flounder sweet. 
 Denny;!, Secrets of Angling (Eng. 
 
 Garner, i. 171). 
 
 The suant swift that is not set by least. 
 Ibid. p. 175. 
 
 SEWN UP, intoxicated (slang). 
 
 He . . had twice had Sir Bumble Tumble 
 (the noble driver of the Flash-o'-lightuing- 
 light-four-inside-post-coach) up to his place, 
 aud took care to tell you that some of the 
 party were pretty considerably " sewn up " 
 too. Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. i. 
 
 SEXLESS, without sex ; neither male 
 nor female. See extract s. v. SIRELESS. 
 
 I am too dull to comprehend what benefit 
 or pleasure your Deity will derive from the 
 celibacy of your daughter ; except indeed on 
 one supposition, which, as I have some faint 
 remuauts of reverence and decency re- 
 awakening in me just now, I must leave to 
 be uttered only by the pure lips of sexless 
 priests. Kinydey, Hypatia, ch. xvii. 
 
 SEXTINE, sixteenth. Nashe seems to 
 have thought that 1598 belonged to the 
 15th century. 
 
 From that moment to this sextine centurie 
 (or let me not be taken with a lye, five hundred 
 ninety-eight, that wants but a paire of yeares 
 to make me a true man) they would no more 
 live under the yoke of the sea. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stitffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 SEXTIPLY, to multiply sixfold. 
 A treble paire doth our late wracke repaire 
 And sextiplies our mirth for one mishappe. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 6. 
 So some affections our soules browes vnbend, 
 Aud other some doe sextiply each dent. 
 
 Ibid. p. 38. 
 
 SEXTONESS, a female sexton. An 
 appointment as sextoness is advertised 
 
 for in the Church Times, Nov. 1, 1878. 
 On the contrary, Stanyhurst (^En., iv. 
 512) speaks of a sorceress as " Seixteen 
 [i. e. sexton] of Hesperides Sinagog." 
 ffes])eridum templi custos. 
 Still the darkness increas'd, till it reach'd 
 
 such a pass, 
 That the sextoness hasten'd to turn on the 
 
 gas. 
 
 JBarham, fngoldsby Leg. (Sir Rupert). 
 
 SEXUALITY, recognition of sexual 
 relations. 
 
 I have heard you say ere now that the 
 popular Christian paradise and hell are but a 
 Pagan Olympus and Tartarus, as grossly 
 material as Mahomet's without the hon- 
 est thoroughgoing sexuality, which, you 
 thought, made his notion logical and con- 
 sistent. C. Kinysley, Yeast, ch. viii. 
 
 SEYST ME AND SEYST ME NOT. This 
 seems to have been a form of expres- 
 sion at the game of Bo-peep, i. e. Thou 
 seest me, and now thou seest me not. 
 
 They will pay no more money for the 
 housel-suppiugs, bottom-blessings, nor yet 
 for seyst me and seyst me not above the head 
 aud under their chalices, which in many 
 places be of fine gold. Bale, Select Works, 
 p. 526. 
 
 SHABLE, sword, or cutlass. 
 
 At their pleasure was he completely armed 
 cap-a-pie, and mounted upon one of the best 
 horses in the kingdom, with a good, slashing 
 shable by his side. UrquharCs Rabelais, Bk. 
 I. ch. xli. 
 
 As he saw the gigantic Highlander confront 
 him with his weapon drawn, he tugged for a 
 second or two at the hilt of his shabble as he 
 called it. Scott, Hob Roy, ii. 170. 
 
 SHAB OFF, to get rid of. H. gives it 
 as a North-country word = to abscond. 
 
 How eagerly now does my moral friend 
 run to the devil, having hopes of profit in 
 the wind ! I have shabbed him off purely. 
 Farquhar, Love and a Bottle, iv. 3. 
 
 SHABROON, a shabby fellow. 
 
 My wife too . . let in an inundation of 
 shabroons to gratify her concupiscence. T. 
 Brown, Works, ii. 184. 
 
 SHACK, a vagabond. The word is in 
 Peacock's Manley and Corringham 
 Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 Great ladies are more apt to take sides with 
 talking flattering gossips than such a shack SM 
 Fitzharris. North, Examen, p. 293. 
 
 SHACKLE-HAMMED, bow-legged. The 
 word occurs also in Ellis's Modern 
 Husbandman, III. i. 182, applied to 
 young colts (1750).
 
 SHADOW HOUSE (583) 
 
 SHAKO 
 
 His head was holden uppe so pert, and his 
 legges shackle-ham? 'd, as if his knees had been 
 laced to his thighes with points. Greene, 
 Quip for Upstart Courtier (H. Misc., v. 403). 
 
 SHADOW HOUSE, a summer house that 
 affords shade from the sun. 
 
 One garden, summer, or siiadoice house 
 covered with bine slate. Survey of Maner of 
 Wimbledon, 1649 (Archaol.,*. 419). 
 
 SHADOWLESS. unshaded, or without a 
 shadow ; a frequent attribute of uncanny 
 beings. 
 
 She had a large assortment of fairies and 
 shadowless witches, and banshees. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Ennui, ch. iii. 
 
 His sinuous contortions and shadowless 
 eyes are forever before us as illustrative of 
 his wily wickedness. Phillips, Essays from 
 the Times, ii. 335. 
 
 The moonlit threshold lay pale and shadow- 
 less before the closed front - door. Miss 
 Bronte, Villete, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 SHAFT OR A BOLT, a proverbial expres- 
 sion = something in one way or the 
 other ; a shaft for the long bow, or a 
 bolt for the cross bow. 
 
 Slender. I'll make a shaft or a bolt on't ; 
 'slid, 'tis but venturing. Merry Wives of 
 Windsor, iii. 4. 
 
 The Prince is preparing for his journey ; I 
 shall to it again closely when he is gone, or 
 make a shaft or a bolt of it. Howell, Letters, 
 I. iii. 24. 
 
 SHAGLING, shaking, and so, feeble. 
 
 Edmund Crispyne of Oriell coll., lately a 
 shayliny lecturer of physic. A . Wood, Fast 
 Oxon, Pt. I. col. 126. 
 
 SHAG-RAG AND BOBTAIL, every one, ol 
 7roXXo usually tag rag and bobtail. 
 See extract s. v. FARCICAL ; and for in- 
 stances of shagrag by itself = a beg- 
 garly fellow, see H. 
 
 SHAGREEN, rough (?) : peevish (?). 
 Anglicised form of chagrin (?). 
 
 The mastiffs,both English and Dutch, could 
 not endure to be held so long, six or seven 
 days together, by a pack of shagreen curs. 
 Parable of the Bear - baiting, 1691 (Harl. 
 Misc., v. 191). 
 
 SHAKE-BAG, a large game-cock. See 
 extract s. v. TURN-POKE. 
 
 Wit. "Will you go to a cock-match ? 
 
 Sir JFil. "With a wench, Tony ? Is she a 
 shake-bag, sirrah ? 
 
 Conyreve, Way of the World, iv. 11. 
 
 " I bless God (said he) that Mrs. Tabitha 
 Bramble did not take the field to-day." " I 
 would pit her for a cool hundred (cried Quin) 
 against the best shakebay of the whole main." 
 Smollett, H. Clinker, i. 58. 
 
 SHAKE-BUCKLER, a swaggerer, a 
 swashbuckler. The Sim seems to be 
 used by way of alliterative personifica- 
 tion, like Toby Tosspot, &c. Cf . " Sym 
 Swash " in extract s. v. STEMLY. 
 
 Let the parents ... by no means suffer 
 them to live idly, nor to be of the number of 
 such Sim Shake-bucklers as in their young 
 years fall unto serving, and in their old years 
 fall into beggary. Becon, ii. 355. 
 
 Antichrist hunteth the wild deer, the fox 
 and the hare in his closed parks with great 
 cries and horns blowing, with hounds and 
 ratchetts running, besides a great swarm of 
 Sim Shakebucklers. Ibid. iii. 509. 
 
 SHAKE-DOWN, a rough, extempore bed. 
 
 I would not choose to put more on the 
 floor than two beds and one shake-down. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Rose, Thistle, and Shamrock, 
 i. 3. 
 
 " You can give him a shake-down here to- 
 night, can't you ? " " "We must manage it 
 somehow," replied the lady ; " you don't 
 much mind how you sleep, I suppose, sir." 
 Dickens, Nickleby, ch. vii. 
 
 SHAKE-RAG, beggar, ragged person ; 
 used also adjectivally. 
 
 Do you talk shake-rag ? heart ! yond's 
 more of 'em ; I shall be beggar-mawl'd if I 
 stay. Broome, A Jovial Crew, Act III. 
 
 " He was a shake-ray like fellow," he said, 
 " and he dared to say had gipsy blood in his 
 veins." Scott, Guy Manneriny, i. 269. 
 
 SHAKES. No great shakes is said by 
 way of disparagement. L., who has 
 the phrase without example, thinks it 
 refers to the musical sense of{the word 
 an air that did not give much scope 
 for execution would afford no great 
 shakes. 
 
 I saw mun stand on the poop, so plain as 
 I see you ; no great shakes of a man to look 
 to nether ; there's a sight better here to plase 
 me. Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. xxx. 
 
 SHAKES. In a couple or brace of 
 shakes = instanter. See H. s. v. 
 I'll be back in a couple of shakes, 
 
 So don't, dears, be quivering and quaking. 
 Inyoldshy Ley. (Babes in the wood). 
 
 Now Dragon could kill a wolf in a brace 
 of shakes. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. 
 xciii. 
 
 SHAKE UP, to upbraid. 
 
 Mahel . . . did shake up in som hard and 
 sharpe termes a young gentleman. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 628. 
 
 SHAKO, military cap. 
 
 His sabre was cast upon the floor before 
 him, and his shako was on the table. H. 
 Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. xxxi.
 
 SHALLOWLING ( 584 ) 
 
 SHA VER 
 
 SHALLOWLING, a shallow or silly per- 
 son ; the diminutive form increases the 
 contemptuous force of the expression. 
 Whores, when they ijave drawn in silly 
 shallowlings, will ever find some trick to 
 retain them. British Bellman, 1648 (Harl. 
 Misc., vii. 633). 
 
 Can we suppose that any Shallmeling 
 Can find much good in oft Tobacconing? 
 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 346. 
 
 SHALY, consisting of shale. 
 
 He lies down in the blazing German after- 
 noon upon the shaly soil. Kinysley, Two 
 Years Ayo, ch. xxiii. 
 
 SHAM. 
 PUTE. 
 
 See quotation ; also s. v. 
 
 This term of art, sham-plot should be de- 
 cyphered. The word sham is true cant of 
 the Newmarket breed. It is contracted of 
 ashamed. The native signification is a town 
 lady of diversion in country maid's cloaths, 
 who to make good her disguise, pretends to 
 be so 'sham'd. Thence it became proverbial, 
 when a maimed lover was laid up, or looked 
 meager, to say he had met with a sham. 
 But what is this to plots ? The noble Cap- 
 tain Daugerfield, being an artist in all sorts 
 of land piracy, translated this word out of the 
 language of his society to anew employment 
 he had taken up of false plotting. And as 
 with them, it ordinarily signifies any false or 
 counterfeit thing, so, aunex'd to a plot, it 
 means one that is fictitious and untrue ; 
 and being so applied in his various writings 
 and sworn depositions ... it is adopted into 
 the English language. North, Examen, p. 
 231 
 
 SHAM, a false shirt-front. 
 
 Sir, I say you put upon me, when I first 
 came to town about being orderly, and the 
 doctrine of wearing shams to make linen 
 last clean a fortnight. Steele, Conscious 
 Lovers, Act I. 
 
 SHAME, to shun through shame. 
 My master sad for why, he shames the 
 
 court 
 Is fled away. Greene, James the Fourth, v. 6. 
 
 SHAMMISH, deceitful. 
 The overture was very shammish. North, 
 Examen, p. 100. 
 
 SHAMMOCKING, worthless ; or per- 
 haps, cheating by running into debt. 
 
 Pox take you both for a couple of sham- 
 mockiny rascals . . . you broke my tavern, and 
 tliat broke my heart. T. brown, Works, ii. 
 184. 
 
 SHANDRY, a small cart or trap : some- 
 times culled a shandery-dan. 
 
 I ha' been to engage a shandry this very 
 morn. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. 
 xxix. 
 
 SHANKER, a loathsome botch. 
 With gentlest touch she next explores 
 Her shankers, issues, running sores. 
 
 Swift, Young Nymph going to bed. 
 
 SHANKS'S MARE. To go on Shanks' s 
 mare = to go on foot. Breton (Good 
 and ad, p. 14) says, " the honest 
 poor man's horse is Bayard of ten 
 
 toes." 
 
 " I am away to London town to speak to 
 Mr. Frank." "To London! how wilt get 
 there ? " " On Shanks his mare," said Jack, 
 pointing to his bandy legs. Kinysley, West- 
 ward Ho, ch. xv. 
 
 SHANNY - FATED, giddy-pated. Cf. 
 SHAG-BRAINED. 
 
 And out ran every soul beside, 
 A shanny-pated crew. 
 
 Bloomjield, The Horkey. 
 
 SHARE-PENNY, miser. 
 
 I'll go near to cozen old father share-penny 
 of his daughter. Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, 
 Eng. Dr., iii. 299). 
 
 SHARPLING. 
 
 Th' hidden loue that now-a-dayes doth holde 
 The steel and load-stone, hydrargire and 
 
 golde, 
 Th' amber and straw ; that lodgeth in one 
 
 shell 
 Pearl-fish and sharpling. 
 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 69. 
 
 SHARRAG, shear-hog, q. v. 
 
 SHAVE, a spoke-shave, or wheel- 
 wright's plane. In his catalogue of 
 "husbandlie furniture" Tusser reck- 
 ons 
 Wheele ladder for haruest, light pitchfork 
 
 and tough, 
 Shave, whiplash wel knotted, and cartrope 
 
 ynough. Tusser's Husbandrie, p. 36. 
 
 SHAVE, a small coppice : H. gives it 
 as a Kentish word. 
 
 In January, 1738, were found in a shave 
 belonging to the estate of Sir John Hales, 
 who lives in this neighbourhood, and within 
 his manor of Tunstall near Sittingbourn, 
 several hundreds of Broad-pieces of gold. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 168. 
 
 SHAVER. See quotation. 
 
 Among all the characters which he bears 
 in the world, no one has ever given him 
 credit for being a cunning shaver. (Be it 
 here observed in a parenthesis that I suppose 
 the word shaver in this so common expression 
 to have been corrupted from shaveling, the
 
 SHA WL 
 
 ( 585 ) SHELL 
 
 old contemptuous word for a priest.) 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cliv. 
 
 SHAWL, to put on a shawl. 
 
 Her son assisted Grace Nugent most care- 
 fully in shawling the young heiress. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Absentee, ch. iii. 
 
 SHAWLLESS, without a shawl. 
 
 Standing bonnetless and shawlless to catch 
 as much water as she could with her hair 
 and clothes. E. Bronte, Wuihering Heights, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 SHAWL-WAISTCOAT, a waistcoat with 
 a large pattern like a shawl (?). 
 
 He had a shawl-waistcoat of many colours. 
 Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. viii. 
 
 SHAY-BRAINED, silly ; weak ; corrup- 
 tion of shanny-brained. See SHANNY- 
 PATED. 
 But while I take this shay-brain'd course, 
 
 And like a fool run to and fro, 
 Master perhaps may sell the horse, 
 Therefore this instant home I'll go. 
 Bloomfield, Abner and the Widow Jones. 
 
 SHE, her ; a common incorrectness, 
 but confined now to the uneducated. 
 
 Yet will I weep, vow, pray to cruel She. 
 Daniel, Sonnet IV. (Eng. Garner, i. 582). 
 
 George had a daughter, . . . and she had 
 George . . . tutored. Peele's Jests, p. 616. 
 
 SHEALE, SHEALING, a shanty. 
 
 A martiall kinde of men. who from the 
 moneth of April unto August, lye out scatter- 
 ing and Summering (as they tearme it) with 
 their cattell, in little cottages here and 
 there, which they call sheales aud shealings. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 506. 
 
 A horse was seen feeding upon the heath 
 near his shiel (which is a cottage made in 
 open places of turf and flag) and none could 
 tell who was the owner of it. North, Life 
 of Lord Guilford, i. 270. 
 
 SHEARHOG, a ram or wether after the 
 first shearing (H.) ; but see first extract. 
 
 The weather we call first year a lamb ; the 
 second year a weather pug or teg ; the third 
 year a shei-rug ; and the fourth a sheep. 
 Ellis, New Experiments, 52 (1736). 
 
 He thought it a mere frustration of the 
 purposes of language to talk of shearhogs 
 and ewes, to men who habitually said shar- 
 rags and yowes. G. Eliot, Mr. GilJU's Love 
 Story, ch. i. 
 
 SHEAT. 
 
 Neat, sheat, and fine, 
 
 As brisk as a cup of wine. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 163. 
 
 SHEAT-FISH, the sly Silurus. 
 A mighty sheat-fish smokes upon the 
 festive board. Kingsley, Hypatia, ch. x. 
 
 SHEDDING, division. Cf. WATERSHED. 
 
 Then we got out to that " shedding " of the 
 roads, which marks the junction of the high- 
 ways coming down from Glasgow and Edin- 
 burgh. Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. 
 xxix. 
 
 SHEDFORK, pitchfork. See extract 
 
 S. V. RODZLE. 
 
 SHEEPED, abashed. 
 
 "With shame and grief enough is that 
 sheeped tyrant returned to his Nineveh ; 
 having left behind him all the pride and 
 strength of Assyria for compost to the Jewish 
 fields. Bp. Sail, Cont. (Sennacherib). 
 
 SHEEP- MARK. It seems to have been 
 the custom for persons who could not 
 write to make the same device with 
 which they marked their sheep do duty 
 for their signature : at least this seems 
 to be the meaning of the following in a 
 letter from Cranuier of about the date 
 1534. 
 
 I know not how I shall order them that 
 cannot subscribe by writing : hitherto I have 
 caused one of my secretaries to subscribe for 
 such persons, and made them to write their 
 shepe mark or some other mark as they can 
 . . . scribble. Cranmer, ii. 291, 
 
 ^ SHEEP-PICK, a kind of hay-fork. See 
 N. s. v. sheppick. 
 
 His servant Perry one evening in Camp- 
 den-garden made an hideous outcry, whereat 
 some who heard it coming in met him run- 
 ning, and seemingly frighted, with a sheep- 
 pick in his hand, to whom he told a formal 
 story ho\v he had been set upon by two men 
 in white with naked swords, and how he 
 defended himself with his sheep-pick, the 
 handle whereof was cut in two or three 
 places. Examination of Joan Perry, &c.,1676 
 (Harl. Misc., iii. 549). 
 
 SHEEP'S HEAD, a fool. 
 
 Those persones who were sely poore soules, 
 and had no more store of witte then they 
 must needes occupie, wer euen then, and 
 yet still are in all tongues and places by a 
 common prouerbe called shepes heads or shepe. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apopth., p. 122. 
 
 SHEETEN, made of sheeting ; the 
 reference is to doing penance in a white 
 sheet. 
 
 Or wanton rigg, or letcher dissolute, 
 Do stand at Powles-Crosse in a sheeten sute. 
 Davies, Paper's Complaint, 1. 250. 
 
 SHELL, to cover, as with a shell ; the 
 usual meaning is, to strip off the shell. 
 Montaigne, in Cotton's translation (ch. 
 Ixxix.), remarks on the surprise caused 
 to the Mexicans by the sight of the
 
 SHELL 
 
 ( 586 ) 
 
 SHINE 
 
 Spanish invader " shelVd in a hard and 
 shining skin, with a cutting and glitter- 
 ing weapon in his hand against them." 
 Shell thee with steel or brass, advised by 
 
 dread, 
 Death from the casque will pull thy cautious 
 
 head. Ibid. ch. xvi. 
 
 SHELL, hilt, or that part of it which 
 protects the hand. 
 
 I imagined that his weapon had perforated 
 my lungs, and of consequence that the wound 
 was mortal ; therefore, determined not to 
 die unrevenged, I seized his shell which was 
 close to my breast, before he could disen- 
 tangle his point, and keeping it fast with my 
 left hand, shortened my own sword with my 
 right. Hmollett, Roderick Random, ch. lix. 
 
 The swords no sooner met than Castlewood 
 knocked up Esmond's with the blade of his 
 own, which he had broke off short at the 
 shell. Thackeray, Esmond, Bk. III. ch. xiii. 
 
 SHELLIES, shells ; this form in the 
 extract is, I suppose, due to the ex- 
 igencies of the rhyme. 
 Now little fish on tender stone begin to cast 
 
 their bellies, 
 
 And sluggish snails that erst were view'd do 
 creep out of their shellies. 
 
 Heaum. and Fl., Knight of B. Pestle, 
 iv.5. 
 
 SHELL OUT, to disburse (slang). 
 
 "Will you be kind enough, sir, to shell out 
 for me the price of a daacent horse ? Miss 
 Edgeicorth, Love and Law, I. i. 
 
 SHEPHERDLY, pastoral. L. says 
 Johnson considered this a better word 
 th.ui shepherdiah : it is earlier than 
 Jeremy Taylor, the earliest authority 
 cited. 
 
 Virgill in his shepherdly poemes called 
 Eglogues, vsed as rusticall but fit allegoric 
 fur the purpose. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, 
 Bk. III. ch. xviii. 
 
 SHEPPY, the sheep-shed. 
 
 Then of the outer sheep (all now snowed 
 and frizzled like a lawyer's wig) I took the 
 two finest and heaviest, and with one be- 
 neath my right arm, and the other beneath 
 my left, I went straight home to the upper 
 sheppey, and set them inside and fastened 
 ^them. blackmore, Lorna DOOM, ch. xlii. 
 
 SHEPSTARE. sheep-shearer. Shepstare 
 time = the summer. 
 
 Somtime I would betray the byrds 
 
 That lyght on lymed tree, 
 Especially in Shepstare tyme, 
 
 When thicke in flockes they flye. 
 
 Googe, Eylogs, vi. 
 
 SHEREGRIG. 
 
 Weasels and polecats, sheregriys, carrion 
 
 crows, 
 
 Seen and smelt only by thine eyes and nose. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 186. 
 
 SHERIFESS, female sheriff. 
 
 I find Elizabeth the Widdow of Thomas 
 Lord Clifford (probably in the Minority of 
 her son) Sherifess (as I may say) in the six- 
 teenth of Richard the Second. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Westmoreland (ii. 433). 
 
 SHERIFFALTY, the term of a sheriff's 
 office ; usually written shrievalty. 
 
 The year after I had twins ; they came in 
 Mr. Pentweazel's sheriffalty. Foote, Taste, 
 Act I. 
 
 Sir Rowland Meredith, knighted in his 
 sheriffalty, on occasion of an address which 
 he brought up to the king from his county. 
 Richardson, Grandison, i. 39. 
 
 SHE -SCHOOL, girls -school. In the 
 margin of the subjoined, Fuller puts, 
 " Conveniency of shee-collfdges." 
 
 Nunneries also were good Shee- schools, 
 wherein the girles and maids of the neigh- 
 bourhood were taught to read and work. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 297. 
 
 SHIFTFDLL, full of shifts or resources. 
 Sylvester, Battle of Yvry, 333, speaks 
 of the " shift/till fear" of some fugi- 
 tives enabling them to find a means of 
 escape. 
 
 SHILLISHALLIER, an irresolute person. 
 
 He was no shillishallier, nor ever wasted a 
 precious minute in pro-and-conning, when it 
 was necessary at once to decide and act. 
 Southey, Tfie Doctor, ch. cv. 
 
 SHIN, to kick on the shins. 
 There's a pirouette ! we're all a great deal 
 
 too near, 
 A ring ! give him room, or he'll shin you 
 
 stand clear ! 
 
 Itiyoldsby Legends (House-farming). 
 
 SHINE, a row ; disturbance. 
 
 I'm not partial to gentlefolks coming into 
 my place . . . there'd be a pretty shine made 
 if I was to go a wisiting them, I think. 
 Dickens, Bleak House, ch. Ivii. 
 
 Mr. Malone's lot heaves crockery and 
 broken vegetables at him out of winder, by 
 reason of their being costermongers, and 
 having such things handy ; so there's mostly 
 a shine of a Sunday evening. H. Kingsley, 
 Ravenshoe, ch. xli. 
 
 SHINE. To take tlie shine out of a 
 person = to eclipse or surpass him. 
 
 As he goes lower in the scale of intellect 
 and manners, so also Mr. Dickens rises 
 higher than Mr. Thackeray his hero is 
 greater than Pendennis, and his heroine than 
 Laura, while "my Aunt" might alike, on
 
 SHINER 
 
 ( 587 ) 
 
 SHOES 
 
 the score of eccentricities and kindliness, 
 take the shine out of Lady Rockminster. 
 Phillips, Essays from the Times, ii. 333. 
 
 SHINEB, a sovereign or guinea. 
 
 To let a lord of lands want shiners, 'tis a 
 shame. Foote, TJie Minor, Act II. 
 You ne'er would call those shiners trash, 
 Whose touch is life, whose name is Cash. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour i. c. 13. 
 
 Is it worth fifty shiners extra, if it's safely 
 done from the outside ? Dickens, Oliver 
 Tioist,ch. xix. 
 
 SHINEY, slang for money. 
 
 We'll soon fill both pockets with the shinty 
 in California. Reade, Never too late to mend, 
 ch. i. 
 
 SHINGLE, hide ; skin. 
 
 That lovely white hinde (though she hath 
 som black spots about her shingle) which I 
 see browsing upon that hedge, she was once 
 a woman. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p, 51. 
 
 SHIP OF GUINEA, the Nautilus. 
 
 Along all that coast we oftentimes saw a 
 thing swimming upon the water, like a cock's 
 comb (which they call a Ship of Guinea) but 
 the colour much fairer ; which comb standeth 
 upon a thing almost like the swimmer of a fish 
 in colour and bigness, and beareth under the 
 water strings which saveth it from turning 
 over. T. Stevens, 1579 (Eny. Garner, i. 131). 
 
 SHIPPAGE, freightage. 
 
 You tell me in your letter of November 3d 
 that the quarry of granite might be rented 
 at twenty pounds or twenty shillings, I don't 
 know which, no matter, per annum. . . What 
 signifies the cheapness of the rent ? The 
 cutting and shippige would be articles of 
 some little consequence. Walpole, Letters, 
 i. 366 (1754). 
 
 SHIP-SHAPE, in good order. 
 
 Wal'r will have wrote home from the 
 iilaud, or from some port or another, and 
 made all taut and ship - shape. Dickens, 
 Dombey and Son, ch. xxiii. 
 
 Neat ship-shape fixings and contrivances. 
 .Browning, Rp. JJlougram's Apology. 
 Look to the babe, and till I come again 
 Keep everything ship-shape, for I must go. 
 
 Tennyson, Enoch Ardtn. 
 
 This new house of theirs will be all the 
 drier in a month's time ; and their yacht will 
 be all the more ship-shape. Black, Princess 
 of Thule, ch. xxvii. 
 
 SHIP'S-HUSBAND, freighter of a ship. 
 
 As for the three boys, they shall be either 
 made supercargoes, ship's-husbands,or go out 
 cadets and writers in the Company's service. 
 Foote, The NaM>, i. 1. 
 
 His tea, right from China, he got in a 
 present from some eminent ship' 's-husband at 
 Wappiug. Scolt, Rob Roy, ii. 99. 
 
 Then there was the selecting a vessel, and 
 all the negotiations with the ship's husband 
 as to terms. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, 
 ch. xlviii. 
 
 SHIELING. See extract. 
 
 My young ones lament that they can have 
 no more skirling in the lake ; a motion some- 
 thing between skating and sliding, and 
 originating in the iron clogs. Southey, Let- 
 ters, 1826 (Hi. 522). 
 
 SHITTLE, a shuttle. 
 
 My godsire's name, I'll tell you 
 Was In-and-in Shittle, and a weaver he was, 
 And it did fit his craft : for so his skittle 
 Went in and in still. 
 
 Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2. 
 
 SHITTLE-WITTED, flighty ; unsteady. 
 Cf. SHUTTLE-BRAINED. 
 
 Devotion, neighbourhood, nor hospitality, 
 never flourished in this land since such 
 upstart boies and shittle-witted fools became 
 of the ministery. Greene, Quip for Upstart 
 Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 417). 
 
 SHOCK, to meet with violence. L. 
 has the word with a verb neut. , but 
 with no example. 
 Have at thee then ! said Kay ; they shocked, 
 
 and Kay 
 Fell shoulder-slipt. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 SHOCKHEADED, having rough unkempt 
 hair. 
 
 I thanked my shockheaded friend, and 
 asked carelessly to whom the park belonged. 
 Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 SHOES. To die in one's shoes = to 
 be hung. 
 
 Whoever refused to do this should pre- 
 sently swing for it and die in his shoes. 
 Urqithart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xlv. 
 
 He used to say George (his son) would die 
 in his shoes. North. Life of Lord Guilford. 
 ii. 96. 
 And there is Me Fuse, and Lieutenant Tre- 
 
 gooze, 
 
 And there is Sir Carnaby Jenks of the Blues, 
 All come to see a man die in his shoes. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (The Execution). 
 
 SHOES. To be in the shoes of another 
 = to be in his place. 
 With violence and with force of arms he 
 
 drave 
 
 Our Benedictine brethren not alone 
 Them that were placed by Edred in the shoes 
 Of seculars that by Edred were expulsed, 
 But ancient men that had been there afore- 
 time. Taylor, Edwin the Fair, iii. 8. 
 
 SHOES. Another pair of shoes = 
 something different.
 
 SHOLDER 
 
 SHOT 
 
 Shall colonists have their horses (and 
 blood 'uns, if you please, good Lord !) and 
 not my London gentleman ? No, no ! We'll 
 show 'em another pair of shoes than that, 
 Pip, won't us? Great Expectations, ch. xl. 
 
 SHOLDER, shallower. See N., s. v. 
 slwld. 
 
 In the scepterdome of Edward the Con- 
 fessor, the sands first began to growe into 
 sight at a low water, and more sholder at the 
 mouth of the river Hirus or lerus. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 151). 
 
 SHOLVE, shovel. 
 
 Get casting sholue, broome, and a sack with 
 a band. Tusser's Husbandrie, p. 35. 
 
 SHONE, radiance. 
 
 Stella alone with face unarmed march't, 
 Either to do like him [the sun] with open 
 
 shone, 
 
 Or careless of the wealth, because her own. 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, st. 22. 
 
 SHOOL, to beg. 
 
 They went all hands to shooting and beg- 
 ging ; and because I would not take a spell 
 at the same duty, refused to give me the 
 least assistance. Smollett, Rod. Random, 
 ch. xli. 
 
 SHOOT, a rush of water. 
 
 At the tails of mills and arches small 
 Where as the shoot is swift and not too clear. 
 Dennys, Secrets of Any liny 
 
 (Eny. Garner, i. 171). 
 
 I have hunted every wet rock and shtite 
 from Killage Point to the near side of Hills- 
 borough. 6'. Kingsley, 1849 (Life, i. 161). 
 
 SHOOTABLE, capable of being shot ; 
 also, a vulgar pronunciation of suitable. 
 
 I rode everything rideable, shot everything 
 shootable. Savaye, R. Medlicott, Bk. III. ch. 
 Hi. 
 
 The lady's fortune is shootable ; indeed, I 
 may say, pretty handsome. Miss Ferrier, 
 Destiny, p. 192. 
 
 SHOOTER. See extract. 
 
 He had a word for the hostler about " that 
 grey mare," a nod for the shooter or guard, 
 and a bow for the dragsman. Thackeray, 
 Sliabby Genteel Story, ch. i. 
 
 SHOOTING-HORN, alluring ; as of a 
 woman who would make her husband's 
 horns shoot (?). 
 
 She . . . treats him with kind glances and 
 a few amorous witticisms, as long as his 
 money runs flush ; but as soon as that begins 
 to fail, her shootiny-horn looks and freedoms 
 are turned into moody pouts and a scornful 
 reservedness. T. Brown, Works, iii. 96. 
 
 SHOP, to shut up, or imprison. See 
 extract . v. SWEET-EN AND PINCH. 
 
 They had likewise shopped up themselves 
 in the highest of their house. Fatten, Exped. 
 to Scotl., 1548 (Eng. Garner, iii. 86). 
 
 It was Bartlemy time when I was shopped, 
 and there warn't a penny trumpet in the fair 
 as I couldn't bear the squeaking on. Arter 
 I was locked up for the night, the row and 
 din outside made the thundering old jail so 
 silent that I could almost have beat my 
 brains out against the iron plates of the 
 door. Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xvi. 
 
 SHOP. A person is said to talk shop 
 when he converses on subjects peculiar 
 to his own profession or occupation ; 
 thus there is military shop, clerical 
 shop, &c. 
 
 Had to go to Hartley Row for an Arch- 
 deacon's Sunday-school meeting three hours 
 useless (I fear) speechifying and shop, but 
 the Archdeacon is a good man, and works 
 like a brick beyond his office. C. Kinysley, 
 Letter, May, 1856. 
 
 SHOP-LIFT, one who steals from a 
 shop = a shop-lifter. See extract, s. v. 
 FENDEB. 
 
 SHOPOCRACY, the trading class or 
 power. 
 
 Mr. Cranworth Cranworth had danced 
 with all the belles of the shopocracy of 
 Eccleston. Mrs. Gaskell, Ruth, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 SHOPPY, belonging to trade. 
 
 Are those the Germans who made their 
 fortunes in trade at Southampton ? Oh, I 
 am glad we don't visit them ; I don't like 
 shoppy people. Mrs. Gaskell, North and 
 South, ch. ii. 
 
 SHORE, sewer. 
 
 Ungrateful odours common-sAors diffuse. 
 Gay, Trivia, i. 171. 
 
 SHORUNG, shaveling ; priest : also 
 used adjectivally = shaven. The word 
 is also applied to the fell of sheep after 
 the fleece has been removed. See L. s. v. 
 
 This Babylonish whore, or disguised syna- 
 gogue of shorelings sitteth upon many waters. 
 Hale, Select Works, p. 494. 
 
 A certain council called Concilium Latro- 
 nense, in the which were gathered together 
 wonderful swarms of smeared, spiritual, 
 shorliny sorcerers. Becon, ii. 260. 
 
 SHORT - WINDEDNESS, shortness of 
 breath. 
 
 Balm, taken fasting, ... is very good 
 against shorticindedness. Adams, i. 374. 
 
 SHOT, a shooter ; a soldier who carried 
 fire-arms ; used generally, and not with 
 regard to accuracy or otherwise of aim, 
 as now when we call a man a good or 
 bad shot.
 
 SHOT 
 
 ( 589 
 
 SHOVEL 
 
 Come manage me your caliver. So, very 
 well ; go to ; very good, exceeding good. 
 O give me always a little, lean, old, chapt, 
 bald shot. 2 Hen. IV., iii. 2. 
 
 A guard of chosen shot I had, 
 That walked about me every minute while. 
 1 Hen. VI., i. 4. 
 
 I was brought from prison into the town 
 of Xeres by two drums and a hundred shot. 
 Peeke, Three to One, 1625 (Eng. Garner, i. 
 633). 
 
 SHOT, usually = the reckoning, but 
 in extracts seems to be applied to the 
 quantity of ale for which some perhaps 
 fixed reckoning was paid. 
 
 About noon we returned, had a shot of ale 
 at Slathwaite Meeke, Diary, Jan. 23, 1691. 
 
 After dinner we went into the town to 
 drink a shot, as the custom is. Ibid., Oct. 
 30, 1693. 
 
 SHOTREL, a pike in the first year. 
 
 As though six mouths and the cat for a 
 seventh be not sufficient to eat an harlotry 
 shotrel, a pennyworth of cheese, and half a 
 score sparlings. Gascoiyne, Supposes, ii. 3. 
 
 The shotrell, 1 year, Pickerel, 2 year, Pike, 
 3 year, Luce, 4 year, are one. Lauson, Com- 
 ments on Secrets of Angling, 1653 (Eng. 
 Garner, i. 197). 
 
 SHOULDER. To give the cold shoulder 
 = to discountenance, to keep at a dis- 
 tance. See quotation from Scott, s. v. 
 TWADDLE. 
 
 He is well enough to do in the world a 
 warm man, sir ; and when a man is really 
 warm, I am the last person to think of his 
 little faults, and turn on him the cold shoulder. 
 Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XVII. ch. i. 
 
 " Ay. he comes back," said the landlord, 
 " to his great friends now and again, and 
 gives the cold shoulder to the man that made 
 him." Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. Hi. 
 
 SHOULDER KNOT, an ornament once 
 peculiar to gentlemen. It is only foot- 
 men now who are said to wear shoulder- 
 knots ; though of course epaulettes 
 might be so described. 
 
 Clinch. Sir [to Sir Harry Wildair], I admire 
 the mode of your shoulder-knot ; methinks 
 it hangs very emphatically, and carries an 
 air of travel in it. Farquhar, Constant Couple, 
 I. i. 
 
 I could not but wonder to see pantaloons 
 and shoulder knots crowding among the com- 
 mon clowns. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 273. 
 
 SHOULDER-KNOTTED, wearing a shoul- 
 der-knot. 
 
 A shoulder-knotted Puppy, with a grin, 
 Queering the threadbare Curate, let him in. 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 144. 
 
 SHOULDER OF MUTTON. One shoulder 
 of mutton drives another down is a 
 proverb expressing the ease in doing 
 anything which comes by custom and 
 repetition. 
 
 As two shoulders of mutton drive down one 
 another, so two powerful griefs destroy one 
 another, by making^ a division. T. Brown, 
 Works, iii. 57. 
 
 SHOULDER OF MUTTON. The phrase 
 in the extract seems to have been pro- 
 verbial for a surprise of a disappoint- 
 ing kind ; the expression in the original 
 is carbones pro thesauro, the idea being 
 that of a man who dug in expectation 
 of obtaining treasure, and only found 
 coals. In the extract the speaker had 
 supposed a woman's melancholy to \>& 
 caused by love, but she tells him that 
 it arises from her desire to enter a 
 nunnery being opposed by her parents. 
 
 Ho ! I find I was out in my notion. To 
 leave a shoulder of mutton for a sheep's head. 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 120. 
 
 SHOULDERSLIPT, having a dislocated 
 shoulder. See quotation s. v. SHOCK. 
 
 Mr. Floyd brought word they could not 
 come, for one of their horses was shoulder- 
 slipt. North, Examen, p. 173. 
 
 He mounted him again upon Rosinante, 
 who was half shoulder-slipped. Jarvis's Dun 
 Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 SHOULDER TO SHOULDER, in close alli- 
 ance. 
 
 It was as if he had found an added soul in 
 finding his ancestry . . . exchanging that 
 birds-eye reasonableness which soars to avoid 
 preference and loses all sense of quality, for 
 the generous reasonableness of drawing 
 shoulder to shoulder with men of like inherit- 
 ance. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 SHOULERD, the bird shoveller. 
 
 The young herne and the shoulerd are now 
 fat for the great feast. Breton, Fantastics, 
 November. 
 
 SHOUT THE GATE, some boyish game. 
 
 Some reminded him of his having beat 
 them at boxing, other at wrestling, and all 
 of his having played with them at prison-bars, 
 leap-frog, shout the gate, and so forth. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, ii. 168. 
 
 SHOVEL, a shovel hat. 
 
 She was a good woman of business, and 
 managed the hat shop for nine years . . . My 
 uncle the bishop had his shovels there ; arid 
 they used for a considerable period to cover 
 this humble roof with tiles. Thackeray, New- 
 comes, ch. xxv. 
 
 I ouce heard a venerable dignitary pointed
 
 SHO VE-NET 
 
 ( 59 ) 
 
 SHY 
 
 out by a railway porter as an old party in a 
 shovel. Alford, Queen's Enylish, p. 228. 
 
 SHOVE-NET. See extract. 
 
 To catch these [salmon-peal] they throw 
 in a net or an hoop at the end of a pole, the 
 pole going across the hoop, which in some 
 places they call a Shove-net. Defoe, Tour 
 thro' G. Britain, i. 387. 
 
 SHOWFULLY, gaudily. 
 
 The Torch-bearers habits were likewise of 
 the Indian garb, but more strauaganb then 
 those of the Maskers ; all showfully gar- 
 nisht with seueral-hewd fethers. Chapman, 
 Masque of the Mid. Temple. 
 
 SHREAKE, shred. Cf. H. s. v. shrag. 
 Ribands, and then some silken shreakes 
 The virgins lost att barlye breakes. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 468. 
 
 SHRED-PIE, mince-pie. See extract 
 s. v. MISOCLERE. Tusser in his " Christ- 
 mas husbandlie fare " reckons 
 Beefe, mutton, and porke, shred-pies of the 
 
 best, 
 Pig, veale. goose and capon, and turkey well 
 
 drest. Uusbandrie, p. 70. 
 
 In winter there was the luxury of a shred 
 pie, which is a coarse North country edition 
 of the pie abhorred by puritans. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. viii. 
 
 SHREW-STRUCK. 
 
 When my vather's cows was shrew-struck, 
 she made un be draed under a brimble as 
 growed together at the both ends, she a 
 praying like mad all the time. C. Kinysley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xxi. 
 
 If a child was scalded, a tooth ached, a 
 piece of silver was stolen, a heifer shrew- 
 struck, a pig bewitched, a young damsel crost 
 in love, Lucy was called in. Ibid., Westward 
 Ho, ch. iv. 
 
 SHRILLY, shrill. 
 
 Its rest was rent in twain by a savage, a 
 sharp, a shrilly sound. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xx. 
 
 SHRIVELDY, withered; shrunk up. 
 
 His elder brother . . is but a poor rickety, 
 sliriveldy sort of a child. Mrs. Trollope, 
 Michael Armstrong, ch. iii. 
 
 SHRIVING-PEW, confessional. 
 
 To the Joyner for takynge downe the 
 shryvyng pew, and making another pew in 
 the same place. Churchwardens Accounts 
 (1548) of .6". Michael's, Cornhill, ed. by Over- 
 all, p. 69. 
 
 SHRONE, shrine (?), which is the read- 
 ing in Nuttall's ed. 
 
 Joan Tuckville, . . . procured the posses- 
 sion, then the consecration of a parcel of 
 ground which she had fairly compassed 
 about, for the interment of such as were 
 
 executed at Hevie-tree hard by, allowing land 
 to buy a shrone for every one of them ; that 
 such as dyed Malefactors might be buried as 
 men, yea as Christians. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Exeter (I. 307). 
 
 SHROUDLESS, unobscured. R. has the 
 word as applied to a dead body destitute 
 of a shroud. 
 
 Above the stars in shroudless beauty shine. 
 C. Swain, quoted in Southey's Doctor, ch. 
 Ixxviii. 
 
 SHROVE-SUNDAY. Sunday before 
 Shrove Tuesday (?). 
 
 Laud preaching on Shrove-Sunday, Anno, 
 1614, insisted on some points which might 
 indifferently be imputed either to Popery or 
 Arminianism. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 66. 
 
 SHROWDING CORNER, place of conceal- 
 ment. 
 
 This Isle afforded him a very fit shrowdiny 
 corner. Holland's Camden, p. 224. 
 
 SHRUBLESS, without shrubs. 
 This cold shrubless tract of bare earth and 
 stone walls. Miss Ferrier, Inheritance, i. 13. 
 
 SHUD, a husk ; that which is shed. 
 
 But what shall be done with all the hard 
 refuse, the long buns, the stalks, the short 
 shuds or shiues ? Holland, Pliny, Bk. xix. 
 ch. i. 
 
 SHUNT. See extract. 
 
 To shunt a train, in well known railway 
 phraseology, is to direct it on to another line 
 of rails. Arch., xxxvii. 118 (1857). 
 
 SHUTTERED, protected with shutters. 
 
 The school-house windows were all shut- 
 tered up. Huylies, Tom Brown's Schooldays, 
 Pt. II. ch. ix. 
 
 Here is Garraway's, bolted and shuttered 
 hard and fast. Dickens, Uncommercial 
 Traveller, xxi. 
 
 SHUTTLE, to move quickly to and fro ; 
 like a weaver's shuttle. 
 
 Their corps go marching and shuttliny in 
 the interior of the country, much nearer 
 Paris than formerly. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 II. Bk. VI. ch. i. 
 
 I had to mouut into cabs with him ; fly far 
 and wide, shuttling athwart the big Babel. 
 Ibid., Life of Sterling, Pt. III. ch. i. 
 
 SHUTTLE-BRAINED, volatile ; unsteady. 
 See extract s. v. CAPON. Cf. SHUTTLK- 
 
 WITTED. 
 
 SHY, a fling. 
 
 " There you go, Polly ; you are always 
 having a shy at Lady Ann and her relations," 
 said Mr. Newcome. " A shy ! how can you 
 use such vulgar words, Mr. Newcome ? " 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xvi.
 
 SIB 
 
 ( 59* ) 
 
 SIMILAR Y 
 
 SIB, in the following seems to be 
 used as " my dear," or " my love." 
 Edward II. addressing his queen says 
 
 Tush, Sil>, if this be all 
 Valois and I will soon be friends again. 
 
 Marlowe, Edw. II., Hi. 2. 
 
 SICCATIVE, drying. 
 
 The juyce of cedars . . by the extreme 
 bitterness and siccative faculty . . . subdued 
 the cause of interior corruption. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 134. 
 
 SICLE. See extract. 
 
 Some have been burnt ... by leaving great 
 fires in chimneys (where the sparks or sides 
 breaking fell aud fired the boards). Season- 
 able Advice, 1643 (Harl. Misc., vi. 399). 
 
 SIDE-COUSIN-, an illegitimate rela- 
 tive (?). 
 
 Here's little Dickon, and little Robin, and 
 little Jenny, though she's but & side-cousin. 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, ii. 3. 
 
 SIDE-SLIP, an illegitimate child. Cf. 
 BY-CHOP. 
 
 The old man . . . left it to this side-slip of 
 a son that he kept in the dark. Cr. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xl. 
 
 SlGHFULL, sorrowful. 
 
 In a cave hard by he roareth out 
 A siyhfull song. 
 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, 1285. 
 
 SIGHT, insight ; to be well seen in 
 any art or science is a common expres- 
 sion in old writers. 
 
 I gave my time for nothing on condition 
 of his giving me a siyht into his business. 
 H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 385. 
 
 SIGHTFUL, clear-sighted. 
 
 'Tis passing miraculous that your dul and 
 blind worship should so sodainly turne both 
 siyhtfull and witfull. Chapman, Masque at 
 Mid. Temple. 
 
 SIGHT-SHOT. Out of sight-shot 
 out of sight. Cf. TONGUE-SHOT ; ear- 
 shot is common. 
 
 It only makes me run faster from the 
 place, till I get, as it were, out of siyht-shot. 
 Cowley, Essays (Obscurity). 
 
 SIGHTSMAN, guide ; cicerone. 
 
 Iu the first place our Siyhtsman (for so 
 they name certain persons here who get their 
 living by leading strangers about to see the 
 city) went to the Palace Farnezi. Evelyn, 
 Diary, Nov. 6, 1644. 
 
 SIGHT-WORTHY, worth seeing. 
 
 In our universities . . . the worst Colledge 
 is more sight-worthy than the best Dutch 
 Gymnasium. Fuller, Holy State, III. iv. 4. 
 
 SIGN, mark. 
 
 Nothing found here but stones, signed with 
 brasse, iron, and lead. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 808. 
 
 SIGNIFICATIST. See quotation. 
 
 The Symbolists, Figurists, and Siynijica- 
 tists . . . are of opinion that the faithful at 
 the Lord's Sapper do receive nothing but 
 naked and bare signs. Rogers on 39 Articles, 
 p. 289. 
 
 SIKETT, a brook. 
 
 Thence by a certain sikett, called Cavers- 
 well Brook, . . . thence by the same sikett to 
 the meadow called Cavershill. Arch, xxxvii. 
 424(1857). 
 
 SILK- WORM. See quotation. The 
 word seems also to have been used of 
 Bishops in allusion to their dress. See 
 extract from T. Brown, s. v. MAGPIK. 
 
 The fellow who drove her came to us, and 
 discovered that he was ordered to come 
 again in an hour, for that she was a silk- 
 worm. I was surprised with this phrase, but 
 found it was a caat among the Hackney fra- 
 ternity for their best customers, women who 
 ramble twice or thrice a week from shop tj 
 shop, to turn over all the goods in towu 
 without buying anything. Spectator, No. 
 454. 
 
 SILLYTON, simpleton. 
 
 Sillyton (inepta), forbear railing, and hear 
 what is _ said to you. Hailey's Erasmus, p. 
 413. 
 
 SILVERIZE, to silver. 
 In theaters, at publike playes and feasts, 
 
 Giue alwayes place vnto the hoary head, 
 So when like age shall siluerise thy tresse, 
 
 Thou shalt by others be like-honoured. 
 Sylvester, Quadrains of Pibrac, st. 119. 
 
 SILVER SPRIGS. See extract. Fuller 
 ( Worthies), speaking of rabbits in Nor- 
 folk, says, " Their rich or silver-hair- 
 skins, formerly so dear, are now levelled 
 in prices with other colours." 
 
 The true silver grey rabbits stiver sprit/s, 
 they call them do you know that the skins 
 of those silver sprigs are worth any money ? 
 Miss Edyeworth, The Will, ch. i. 
 
 SlMIAL, apish. 
 
 This Jocelin . . . from under his monk's 
 cowl has looked out on that narrow section 
 of the world in a really human manner ; not 
 in any simial, canine, ovine, or otherwise 
 inhuman manner. GWye, Past and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 SIMILARY, like. 
 
 The name of the Church of Christ serves 
 to expresse any one of those more noble 
 parts or eminent branches belonging to that 
 Catholick visible Church, which being simi-
 
 SIMILIZE 
 
 ( 592 ) SING SORROW 
 
 lary or partaking of the same nature by the 
 common faith, have yet their convenient 
 limits. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 25. 
 
 SIMILIZE, to imitate; also, to compare. 
 
 I'll similize 
 
 These Gabionites ; I will myself disguize 
 To gull Thee, Lord. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 454. 
 The best to whom he may be similized 
 herein is Friar Paul the Servite. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, i. 53. 
 
 SIMONER, a simoniacal person. 
 
 These simoners sell sin, suffering men and 
 women in every degree and estate to lie and 
 continue from year to year in divers vices 
 slanderously. Bale, Select Works, p. 129 
 (Exam, of W. Thorpe). 
 
 SIMONIST, one who traffics in Church 
 preferment. 
 
 If we therefore be condemned as simon- 
 ists, your easiest censure is to be esteemed 
 infidels. Adams, i. 463. 
 
 SIMPLAR. See extract, s. v. DUPLAR. 
 
 SIMPLES. Cutting for the simples is 
 an operation proposed for the benefit 
 of fools. According to H. s. v. Bat- 
 tersea was the place where it was to be 
 performed. 
 
 Miss. Indeed, Mr. Neverout, you should 
 be cut for the simples this morning. Swift, 
 Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 In the Cabinet what evils might be averted 
 by administering laxatives or corroborants 
 as the case required. In the Lord and Com- 
 mons by clearing away bile, evacuating ill 
 humours, and occasionally by cutting for the 
 simples. Southey, The Doctor, cb. cxxxvi. 
 
 SIMULATOR, feigner ; actor. 
 
 They are merely simulators of the part 
 they sustain. De Quincey, Autob. Sketchet, 
 i. 200. 
 
 SINE, a gulf. Sylvester speaks again 
 of " the Persian Sine " (Colonies. 94). 
 Such is the German Sea, such Persian Sine, 
 S'ich th' Indian Gulf, and such th' Arabian 
 
 brine. 
 
 Sylvester, third day, first week, 98. 
 
 SINEQUANONNINESS, indispensability. 
 
 Nature herself shows us the utility, the 
 importance, nay, the indispensability, or to 
 take a hint from the pure language of our 
 diplomatists, the sinequanonniness of pockets. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. iii. A i. 
 
 SINGING-HINNY, a cake made with 
 butter and currants, and baked on a 
 girdle. 
 
 For any visitor who could stay, neither 
 cream nor finest wheaten flour was wanting 
 for turf -cakes and singiny-hinnies with which 
 
 it is the delight of the northern housewives 
 to regale the honoured guest. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. iv. 
 
 SINGING-LOAF or CAKE, the Eucha- 
 ristic wafer, because a psalm was 
 directed to be sung while it was 
 making. In quotation from Munday 
 it means an ordinary wafer. H. has 
 singing-bread. 
 
 A great deal of flour would not make so 
 maiiy hosts, as they call them, or sinyiny 
 loaves, as hath been broken in our day* 
 between Christian princes, as they will be 
 called, to confirm promises that have not 
 been kept. Tyndale, ii. 301. 
 
 If the church always professed a com- 
 munion, why have you one priest standing 
 at the altar alone, with one singing cake for 
 himself, which he showeth to the people to 
 be seen and honoured, aud not to be eaten ? 
 Bp. Cooper, Defence of the Tnith. p. 15J. 
 
 The letters finished and sealed up with 
 singing-cake, he delivered unto us. Mun- 
 dai/'s English Romayne Life, 1590 (Harl. 
 Misc., vii. 139). 
 
 SINGLE, a tail. H. says, "properly 
 applied to that of a buck." In the 
 first extract the speaker is supposed 
 to be a hind ; in the second, Pan is 
 addressed. 
 
 There's a kind of acid humor that nature 
 hath put in our singles, the smell whereof 
 causeth our enemies, viz. the doggs, to fly 
 from us. Hoioell, Parly of Beasts, p. 63. 
 
 That single wagging at thy butt, 
 
 Those gambrels, and that cloven foot. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque,^. 277. 
 
 SING SMALL, to be humble or retiring ; 
 to draw in one's horns. 
 
 I must myself sing small in her company ; 
 I will never meet at hard-edge with her. 
 Richardson, Grandison, i. 120. 
 
 So after all this terrible squall, 
 
 Fiddle-de-dee's at the top of the tree, 
 And Doldrum and Fal-de-ral-tit siny small. 
 Ingoldsly Legends (Row in an 
 Omnibus Box). 
 
 SING-SONG, to write poetry ; a con- 
 temptuous expression ; the substantive 
 is common. Tom Brown (Works, iii. 
 39) has it as an adjective, "from huf- 
 fing Dryden to sing-song D'Urfey." 
 
 There's no glory 
 
 Like his who saves his country, and you sit 
 Sing-songing here; but if I'm any judge, 
 By God, you are as poor a poet, Wyatt, 
 As a good soldier. 
 
 Tennyson, Queen Mary, ii. 1. 
 
 SING SORROW, to fare badly. 
 Though this were so, and you should find 
 such a sword, it would be of service and use
 
 SINGVLTIENT 
 
 ( 593 ) 
 
 SISTER 
 
 only to those who are dubbed knights, like 
 the balsam ; as for the poor squires, they 
 may sintj sorrow. Jarvts's Don Quixote, Ft. 
 I. Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 SINGULTIENT, sighing or sobbing; 
 singulf and singult are in the Diets. 
 
 Som of ripe age will screech, cry, and 
 howle in so many disordered notes and sin- 
 yidtient accents. Hotrell, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 23. 
 
 SINISTERNESS, wrongfulness. 
 
 The insolent folly and intolerable arro- 
 gancy which dares to put the ignorance, 
 giddiuesse, emptinesse, vulgarity, rashnesse, 
 precipitancy and sinisternesse of their silly 
 ceusures into the balauce of Religion. Gau- 
 den, Tears of the Church, p. 62. 
 
 SIGN, a plant. See quotation s. v. 
 OUR LADY'S MANTLE. 
 
 SIPPLE, to sip rnincingly. 
 
 From this topic he transferred his disquisi- 
 tions to the word drink, which he affirmed 
 was improperly applied to the taking of 
 coffee inasmuch as people did not driuk, but 
 sip or tipple that liquor. Smollett, Roderick 
 .Random, ch. xlv. 
 
 Si QUIS, to advertise ; from the words 
 with which notices began. Si quis is 
 still used to signify the public notice 
 given in Church of the name of any one 
 seeking Holy Orders. 
 
 I must excuse my departure to Theoma- 
 chus, otherwise he may send here and cry 
 after me, and 6V quis me in the next gazette. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 312. 
 
 SIR, to address as sir. 
 
 My brother and sister Mr. Solmes'd him, 
 and Sirr'd him up at every word. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, i. 47. 
 
 Oh it looks ill 
 When delicate tongues disclaim all terms of 
 
 kin, 
 
 Sir-ing and Madam-ing as civilly 
 As if the road between the heart and lips 
 Were such a weary and Laplandish way, 
 That the poor travellers came to the red gates 
 Half frozen. Southey, To Margaret Hill. 
 
 SIR EL ESS, would properly mean 
 fatherless ; but in the extract seems 
 = ungenerative. Sylvester in the 
 Triumph of Faith, ii. 33, speaks of the 
 B. V. Mary as one who " sireless bore 
 her Sire," meaning I suppose that her 
 Son had no (earthly) father. 
 The Plant is leafless, branch-less, void of 
 
 fruit. 
 
 The Beast is lust-less, sex-less, sire-less, mute. 
 Sylvester, Eden, 583. 
 
 SIRLOIN, the over-loin ; should be 
 
 written surloin. R. seems to accept 
 the derivation given in the extract, for 
 he writes, " the loin of beef so entitled 
 by James I." Mr. Wedgewood quotes 
 from an account of the expenses of the 
 Ironmongers' Company, temp. Hen. VI., 
 " a surloyn beeff viid. The sirloin is 
 also mentioned in Nashes Lenten Stuffe 
 (Earl Misc., vi. 164). 
 
 Nev. But pray, why is it called a sirloyn ? 
 
 Lord Sp. Why, you must know that our 
 King James I., who loved good eating, being 
 invited to dinuer by one of his nobles, and 
 seeing a large loyn of beef at his table, he 
 drew out his sword and knighted it. Few 
 people know the secret of this. Swift, Polite 
 Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 SIRS, addressed to women ; still so 
 used in Scotland. In Beaum. and Fl., 
 King and no King, ii. 1, Panthea says 
 to her waiting-women, " Sirs, leave me 
 all." 
 
 SISERARA. H. says a hard blow, and 
 so in the quotation from Sterne it = at 
 once, at a stroke, but in the first from 
 Smollett it means rather a scolding. 
 Some suppose it to come from the writ 
 certiorari. See last extract. Cf. SASE- 
 RARA and PREMUNIRE. 
 
 It was on Sunday in the afternoon, when 
 I fell in love all at once with a sissei'ara ; it 
 burst upon me 'an please your honour like a 
 bomb. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, vi. 47. 
 
 I have gi'en the dirty slut a siserary. 
 Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, i. 80. 
 
 O that there was a lawyer here to serve 
 him with a siserari. Ibid., Sir L. Greaves, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 SISTENCE, 'halting-place. 
 
 Extraordinary must be the wisdome of him 
 who floateth upon the stream of Sovereigne 
 favour, wherein there is seldome any sistence 
 'twixt sinking and swimming. Howell, 
 Dodona's Grove, p. 122. 
 
 SISTER, to address a person as sister. 
 See quotation s. v. BROTHER, and cf. 
 UNSISTER. In the iirst extract it seems 
 to be applied to a man who while in 
 attendance on a woman as a secret 
 lover would pretend .she was his sister. 
 
 You have got one of the best hiders of 
 such a business in the town : lord, how he 
 would sister you at a play. Killiyrew, Par- 
 son's Wedding, ii. 3. 
 
 How artfully, yet I must own, honourably, 
 he reminds her of the brotherly character 
 which he passes under to her. How officiously 
 he sisters her ! Richardson, Grandison, iii. 
 251. 
 
 Q Q
 
 SITTEN 
 
 ( 594 ) 
 
 SKID 
 
 Think what it must be to be " How d'ye 
 doed " and to be " dear sistered " by such 
 bodies as these in public. Miss Edc/eworth, 
 Helen, ch. xxxv. 
 
 SITTEN, sat ; in the first extract the 
 speaker is an uneducated man. 
 
 They would not have yielded much to the 
 Bishops, for they were bloody mad at them ; 
 and I thiuk, if they had sitten till now, they 
 would have sent them from the church to 
 the house to pray to God ; but not to have 
 letten them prate any more to the house of 
 lords. Dialogue on Oxford Parliament, 1681 
 (llarl. Mlsc.,'ii. 119). 
 
 Till in good time up starts me Gill, 
 "Who all this while had sitten still ! 
 
 Ward, Reformation, c. i. p. 100. 
 
 Having sitten together till near seven 
 o'clock, Mr. Wildgoose took Captain Johnson 
 with him. Graves, Sp. Quixote, Bk. VIII. 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 SIT UNDER, a person is sometimes said 
 to sit under a preacher ; i. e. to be a 
 member of his congregation. 
 
 There would then also appear in pulpits 
 other visages, other gestures, and stuff other- 
 wise wrought than what we now sit under, 
 oft times to as great a trial of our patience 
 as any other that they preach to us. Milton, 
 Of Education. 
 
 ' If this chapter should neither be so long 
 as a sermon, nor so dull as those discourses 
 which perchance, and I fear perlikelihood, it 
 may be thy fortune to hear, O reader, at thy 
 parish church, or in phrase nonconformist to 
 sit under at the conventicle, it will be well 
 for thee. Southey, The Doctor, ch. ccxliii. 
 
 On a Sunday, (which good old Saxon word 
 was scarcely known at the Hermitage) the 
 household marched away in separate couples 
 or groups to at least half a dozen of religions 
 edifices, each to sit under his or her favourite 
 minister. Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. ii. 
 
 SIZE. See second extract s. v. Hocus ; 
 though I am not sure whether the size 
 mentioned there has any connection 
 with this, nor do I quite know what 
 the word in either place means. 
 
 I grew weary of staying with Sir Williams 
 both, and the more for that my Lady Batten 
 and her crew, at least half a score, came into 
 the room, and I believe we shall pay size for 
 it. Pepys, Sept. 4. 1662. 
 
 SKATING. See s.w. SCHEETS, SKEATES. 
 
 SKAVEL, shovel. 
 
 Sharpe cutting spade for the deuiding of mow, 
 
 With skuppetand skauel that marshmen alow. 
 
 Tusser, Iluslandrie, p. 38. 
 
 SKEARY, terrible ; also frightened. 
 
 But toe thee, poore Dido, this sight so skearye 
 
 beholding 
 What feeling creepeth ? 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 438. 
 
 It is not to be marvelled at that amid such 
 a place as this for the first time visited, the 
 horses were a little skeary. Elackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. lix. 
 
 SKEATES, skates. See N. s. v. skating, 
 but the subjoined are earlier instaucos 
 of the word in England than any ad- 
 duced by him, or in the other Diets. 
 Skating seems to have been learned by 
 the Cavaliers in Holland, and became 
 fashionable at the Restoration. Evelyn 
 was among the spectators on the first 
 occasion as well as Pepys. See SCHEETS. 
 
 Over the parke, where I first in my life, it 
 being a great frost, did see people sliding 
 with their skeates, which is a very pretty art. 
 Pepys, Dec. 1, 1662. 
 
 To the Duke, and followed him into the 
 Park, where, though the ice was broken and 
 dangerous, yet he would go slide upon his 
 skeates, which I did not like, but he slides 
 very well. Ibid., Dec. 15, 1662. 
 
 SKEIN, a flight of wild-fowl. 
 
 The curs ran into them as a falcon does 
 into a skein of ducks. Kingsley, Hi/patia, 
 ch. xi. 
 
 SKELET, a skeleton. 
 
 What should I cast away speech upon 
 skelets and skulls, carnal men I mean, mere 
 strangers to this life of faith. Ward, Ser- 
 mons, p. 22. 
 
 SKELP, strike ; slap. 
 
 Why not take 'em by twos across thy knee, 
 and skelp 'em till they cry Meculpee. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. Hi. 
 
 SKELTERING, hurrying ; driving : so 
 helter-skelter. 
 
 After the long dry skeltenng wind of March 
 and part of April, there had been a fortnight 
 of soft wet. Black-more, Lorna Doone, ch. 
 xxii. 
 
 SKEW, cant term for a cup. See H. 
 This is bien bowse, this is bien bowse [good 
 drink] 
 
 Too little is my skew. 
 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 SKEW, a sidelong glance. 
 
 Whatever good works we do with an eye 
 from His, and a skew unto our own names, 
 the more pains we take, the more penalty of 
 pride belongs unto us. Ward, Sermons, p. 9. 
 
 SKID, a drag. 
 
 But not to repeat the deeds they did, 
 Backsliding in spite of all moral skid,
 
 SKID 
 
 If all were true that fell from the tongue, 
 There was not a villager, old or young, 
 But deserved to be whipp'd, imprisou'd, or 
 huug. Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 SKID, to scud or hurry. 
 
 The Dutch ladies . . . ran skidding down the 
 aisle of the chapel, tip tap, tip tap, like 
 frightened hares. Mad. IfArUay, Diary, 
 vii. 141. 
 
 SKIFT, to shift or remove. 
 
 He knaws, as weel as I do, who sud be t' 
 maister yonder. Ech, ech, ech ! he made ye 
 skift properly. 
 
 E. Bronte, Wutheriny Heights, ch. xxiv. 
 
 SKILL-THIRST, desire for knowledge. 
 
 The greatest sinns 
 
 Were one in other linked fast as twinns ; 
 Ingratitude, pride, treason, gluttony, 
 Too curious skill-thirst, envy, felony. 
 
 Sylvester, The Imposture, 539. 
 
 SKIMMINGTON, row or quarrel ; from 
 the hubbub attending on riding the 
 Skimmington. 
 
 There was danger of a skimmington between 
 the great wig and the coif, the former hav- 
 ing given a flat lie to the latter. Walpole, 
 Letters, i. 289 (1753.) 
 
 SKIMPINGLY, parsimoniously. 
 
 The Squire and his son Frank were large- 
 hearted, generous creatures in the article 
 of apology, as in all things less skimpingly 
 dealt out Lytton, My Novel, Bk. III. ch. xv. 
 
 SKINK. Bailey defines it " a four- 
 footed serpent, a kind of land croco- 
 dile." 
 
 Th' horned Cerastes, th' Alexandrian Skink, 
 Th' Adder and Drynas full of odious stink. 
 Sylvester, Sixth day, first weeke, 200. 
 
 SKINLESS, without skin. See extract, 
 
 S. V. SCALPLESS. 
 
 SKIN - MERCHANT, a recruiting - ser- 
 geant. 
 
 I am a manufacturer of honour and glory 
 vulgarly called a recruiting dealer, or more 
 vulgarly still, a sKin-merchant. Burgoyne, 
 lA>rd of the Manor, iii. 2. 
 
 SKIP. See quotation ; the verb as 
 applied to reading, or rather not read- 
 ing, is common. 
 
 No man who has written so much is so 
 seldom tiresome. In his books there are 
 scarcely any of those passages which in our 
 school days we used to call skip. Macaulay, 
 Essays ( Walpole). 
 
 SKIP-BRAIN, flighty ; volatile. 
 This skipp-braine Fancie moves these easie 
 
 movers 
 
 To loue what ere hath but a glimpse of good. 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 30. 
 
 ( 595 ) SKY-BLUE 
 
 SKIPPER, cant term for barn. See H. 
 
 Now let each tripper 
 Make a retreat into the skipper. 
 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 SKIBK, shriek. 
 
 I, like a tender-hearted wench, shirked out 
 for fear of the devil. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 152. 
 
 SKIRL, to scream or cry : also a sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 That was the wild and ominous air that 
 was skirling upon the hill-side. Black, Prin- 
 cess of Thule, ch. iv. 
 
 From the other side of the valley comes 
 another sound the faint and distant skirl of 
 the pipes. Hid., ch. v. 
 
 SKISE, to move about quickly. 
 
 He is the merriest man alive ; up at five a 
 clock in the morning, and out till dinner- 
 time ; out again at afternoon, and so till 
 supper-time ; skise out this away, and skise 
 out that away ; he's no snail, I assure you. 
 Broome, Jovial Crew, Act IV. 
 
 SKIT, a light satire. 
 
 And as perhaps you may have brought 
 A manuscript with learning fraught, 
 Or some nice pretty little skit 
 Upon the times, and full of wit, 
 A dealing I should hope to drive. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. vii. 
 
 SKRIGGLE, to struggle. 
 
 They skriygled and began to scold, 
 
 But laughing got the master ; 
 Some quackling cried, " Let go your hold," 
 
 The farmers held the faster. 
 
 Bloomfield, The Horkey. 
 
 SKULK, a sneak or shirker. 
 Ye do but bring each runaway and skulk 
 Hither to seek a shelter. 
 
 Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, iv. 3. 
 
 SKULKER, one who hangs in the back- 
 ground : generally applied to one who 
 sneaks out of danger, or hard work ; 
 but not so in the extract. The word is 
 not in the Diets, in either sense. 
 
 John himself was no skulker in joy ; he 
 not only bestowed on Mr. Morland the high 
 commendation of beiug one of the finest 
 fellows in the world, but swore off many 
 sentences in his praise. Miss Austen, North- 
 anger Abbey, ch. xv. 
 
 SKULL, helmet. 
 
 A shift but no succour it was to many that 
 had their skulls on, at the stroke of the fol- 
 lower to shrink their heads into their shoul- 
 ders, like a tortoise into its shell. Patten, 
 Exped. to Scotl., 1548 (Eng. Garner, iii. 122). 
 
 SKY-BLUE, milk and water. 
 QQ 2
 
 SKY-HIGH 
 
 596 ) 
 
 SLANDERFULL Y 
 
 Oh ! for that small, small beer anew, 
 Arid (heaven's own type) that mild sky-blue 
 That wash'd my sweet meals down. 
 
 Hood, Retrospective Review. 
 
 SKY-HIGH, as high as the sky. Cf. 
 HEAVEN-HIGH. 
 
 The powder magazine of St. John of Acre 
 was blown up sky-hiyh. Thackeray, Second 
 Funeral of ]\'apoleon (II.). 
 
 SKYLARKING See first extract, and 
 so, generally, romping ; playing. 
 
 I had become from habit so extremely 
 active, and so fond of displaying my newly 
 acquired gymnastics, called by the sailors 
 " sky-larking," that my speedy exit was often 
 prognosticated. Marryat, Fr. Mildmay, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 Lucky for them it was, as it fell out, that 
 they were all close together at that work, 
 and not abroad skylarking as they had been 
 half-an-hour before. C. Kinysley, Westicard 
 Ho, ch. xviii. 
 
 Harding, I found, was half-owner of a 
 station to the north-east, an Oxford man, a 
 great hand at skylarking. H. Kinysley, 
 Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. xx. 
 
 SKYLESS, without sky ; thick ; dark. 
 A soulless, skyless, catarrhal day. C. 
 Kinysley, Yeast, ch. i. 
 
 SKY-PARLOUR, a room or place at the 
 top of a building. In the first extract 
 it = a gallery at a theatre ; in the 
 second (which is the motto prefixed to 
 a paper called " The First of May," 
 in Sketches by Boz) it = an attic. 
 
 I beg leave to repeat the advice so often 
 given by the illustrious tenants of the the- 
 atrii-al sky-parlour to the gentlemen who are 
 charged with the " nice conduct " of chairs 
 aad tables " Make a bow, Johnny. Johnny, 
 make a bow." Irvine/, Salmagundi, No. ii. 
 
 Now ladies, up in the sky-parlour : only 
 once a year, if you please. Young Lady tc-ith 
 Brass Ladle. 
 
 SKYSCAPE, sky view : word formed 
 like landscape or sea-scape, q. v. 
 
 "\Ve look upon the reverse side of the 
 ski/scape. Proctor, Other worlds than ours, 
 p.'lSO. 
 
 SKYT-GATE. 
 
 He, being so astonished with fear as to 
 throw himself and his followers out at a 
 skyt-gate was immediately cut to pieces by 
 the enemy. Cotton, Montaigne 1 s Essays, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 SLABBERDEGULLION, paltry ; dirty. 
 The word in the form slubber degullion, 
 and as a substantive, is in the Diets. 
 
 Slapsauce fellows, sla/iberdeyullion drug- 
 gels, lubbardly louts. Urquhart's Lalelais, 
 Hk. I. ch. xxv. 
 
 SLABBINESS, sloppiness. 
 
 The way also here was very wearisom 
 thorow dirt and slabbiness. Bunyan, Pily. 
 Progress, Pt. II. p. 183. 
 
 SLACK, a remission ; an interval of 
 rest. 
 
 Though there's a slack, we haven't done 
 with sharp work yet, I can see. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xliv. 
 
 SLACK-BAKE, to bake imperfectly. 
 
 He would not allude to men once in office, 
 but now happily out of it, who had . . . 
 slack-baked the bread, boned the meat, 
 heightened the work, and lowered the soup. 
 Sketches by Boz (Election for Beadle). 
 
 He isn't come to his right colour yet ; he's 
 partly like a slack-baked pie. G. Eliot, Silas 
 Marner, ch. xi. 
 
 SLACKY. In the first passage the 
 word in the original is brassier = 
 sling ; in the second, tribard = short 
 cudgel ; the explanation of slacky in 
 the second quotation is the translator's, 
 and has no equivalent in the French. 
 
 The other shepherds and shepherdesses, 
 hearing the lamentable shout of Forgier. c-ame 
 with their slings and slackies, following them, 
 and throwing great stones at them as thick 
 as if it had been hail. Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. I. th. xxv. 
 
 Marquet's head was broken with a slacky 
 or short cudgel. Ibid., Bk. I. ch. xxxii. 
 
 SLAGHT-BOOMES, bars or barriers ; but 
 the first part of the word needs ex- 
 planation. 
 
 Each end of the high street leading 
 through the Towne was secured against 
 Horse with strong slayht-boomes which our 
 men call Turn-pikes. Relation of Action 
 before Cyrencester, 1642, p. 4. 
 
 SLAIGHT. See quotation ; Aubrey is 
 speaking of North Wilts. 
 
 Anciently the Leghs (now corruptly called 
 Slaights), i. e. pastures, were noble, large 
 grounds. Aubrey, Misc., p. 216 (Appendix). 
 
 SLAM, a shambling fellow. H. has 
 " slamkin, a female sloven." Lord 
 Foppington, however, to whom the 
 nurse refers, was the reverse of careless 
 as to dress or appearance. 
 
 Hoyd. I don't like my lord's shapes, nurse. 
 
 Nurse. "Why in good truly, as a body may 
 say, he is but a slam. Vanbrugh, The lielapse, 
 v. 5. 
 
 SLANDERFULLY, slanderously. The 
 extract is from the Council of Edw. 
 VI. (1550). 
 
 He had at all times, before the judges of 
 his cause, used h mself unr^vcrently to the
 
 SLANE 
 
 King's majesty, and very slanderfully to- 
 wards his council. Strype, Cramner, Bk. II. 
 ch. xix. 
 
 SLANE, a spade or shovel. 
 
 Dig your trench with slanes. Ellis, 
 Modern Husbandman, IV. ii. 40 (1750). 
 
 Unfortunately, in cutting the turf where 
 it was found, the slane or spade struck the 
 middle. Archaol., vii. 167. 
 
 SLANG, promontory. 
 
 There runneth forth into the sea a certain 
 slielfe or slang, like unto an out-thrust 
 tongue such as Englishmen in old time 
 termed a File. Holland's Camden, p. 715. 
 
 SLANG, to scold ; abuse. 
 
 The angry authors, in the adventures of 
 Gil Bias, were nothing to the disputants in 
 the kennel at Charing Cross ; we rowed, 
 swore, slanged. Lytton, Pelham, ch. xlix. 
 
 " Be quiet, you fool," said another ; " you're 
 a pretty fellow to chaff the orator ; he'll slang 
 ' you up the chimuey afore you can get your 
 shoes on." Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. ii. 
 
 SLANGRILL, a term of abuse. H. has 
 slangam = a lout, which occurs once 
 or twice in Urquhart's Rabelais. 
 
 The third was a long, leane, olde slavering 
 slanijrill. Greene, Quip for Upstart Courtier 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 407). 
 
 SLANGULAR, belonging to slang. 
 
 Little Swills is treated on several hands. 
 Being asked what he thinks of the proceed- 
 ings, characterises them (his strength lying 
 in a slangular direction) as " a rummy start." 
 Dickens, Bleak House, ch. xi. 
 
 SLANG - WHANGER, a scurrilous or 
 abusive person. 
 
 It embraces alike all manner of concerns ; 
 from the organisation of a divan ... to the 
 appointment of a constable, the personal dis- 
 putes of two miserable slany-ichangers, the 
 cleaning of the streets or the economy of a 
 dust-cart. Irvine/, Salmagundi, No. 14. 
 
 SLANGY, given to slang. 
 
 He appeared to me merely a tall, hand- 
 some, conceited, slangy boy. C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. vi. 
 
 SLANK, thin ; lank. 
 
 He is a man of ruddy complexion, brown 
 hair and slank, hanging a little below bis 
 jawbones. The grand impostor examined, 
 1656 (Harl. Misc., vi. 435). 
 
 SLAP, to spill about. 
 But huswiues that learne not to make their 
 
 owne cheese, 
 With trusting of others haue this for their 
 
 feese ; 
 Their milke slapt in corners, their creame al 
 
 to sost, 
 Their milk pannes so flotte that their cheeses 
 
 be lost. Tussers Iluslatidrie, p. 229. 
 
 SLAP-SA UCE 
 
 SLAP-BANG. Slap-bang-shop, accord- 
 ing to Grose, is a low eating-house 
 where you have to pay down ready 
 money with a slap-bang. 
 
 They lived in the same street, walked into 
 town every morning at the same hour, dined 
 at the same slap-bang every day, and revelled 
 in each other's company every night. 
 Sketches by Boz (Making a night of it). 
 
 SLAP -DASH, impetuous; outspoken. 
 In the first quotation it seems to mean 
 violence. 
 
 Hark ye, Monsieur, if you don't march off 
 I shall play you such an English courant of 
 slapdash presently that shan't out of your 
 ears this twelvemonth. Centlivre, Perplexed' 
 Lovers, Act III. 
 
 Let me die if I can account for your 
 your your refusal of me in so peremptory, 
 in so unceremonious a manner, slap-dash as 
 I may say. Richardson, Grandison, i. 170. 
 
 It was a slap-dash style, unceremonious, 
 free, and easy an American style. Lytton, 
 My Novel, Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 SLAPJACK, a species of cake. 
 
 Soft anticipations stole over his mind of 
 dainty slapjacks, well buttered, and garnished 
 with honey or treacle. Irving, Sketch Book 
 (Sleepy Hollow). 
 
 SLAPPATY- POUCH, a game, part of 
 which, I suppose, consisted in slapping 
 the pocket. N. gives slattei^pouch, with 
 quotation from Gayton, and says, "A 
 boyish game of active exercise, but 
 not otherwise described." In the ex- 
 tract Charon is the speaker, and com- 
 plaining of want of custom ; he seems 
 to mean that he had been idle, and 
 slapping himself to keep himself warm, 
 as we may see cab-drivers, &c. do now 
 on a cold day when unemployed. 
 
 I cannot but with the last degree of sorrow 
 and anguish inform you of our present 
 wretched condition ; we have even tired our 
 palms and our ribs at slappaty-pouch. and . . . 
 I had almost forgot to handle my sculls. 
 T. Brown, Works, ii. 126. 
 
 SLAPPE, an article of dress : perhnps 
 the same as slop. Breton in speaking 
 of fools describes one as 
 
 Hee that puts fifteene elles into a ruffe, 
 And seauenteene yards into . a swagg'riug 
 slappe. PasquiFs Fooles-cappe, p. 24. 
 
 SLAP-SAUCE, a parasite. See quota- 
 tion from Urquhart's Rabelais, s. v. 
 DRUGGEL, where it is an adjective. 
 At dinner and supper the table doth crane 
 Good fellowly neighbour good manner to 
 
 haue ;
 
 SLAP- UP 
 
 ( 598 ) 
 
 SLIP- A LONG 
 
 Advise thee well therefore, ere tongue be 
 
 too free, 
 Or slapsauce be noted too saucie to bee. 
 
 Tusser's Husbandrie, p. 188. 
 SLAP-UP, fine. 
 
 _ Might not he quarter a countess's coat on 
 his brougham along with the Jones' arms, or, 
 more slap-up still, have the two shields 
 painted on the panels with the coronet over ? 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xxxi. 
 
 SLAT. 
 
 Obadiah. Truly he came forceably upon 
 me, and I fear has bruised some intellectuals 
 within my stomach. 
 
 Mrs. Day. Go in and take some Irish slat 
 by way of prevention, and keep yourself 
 warm. The Committee, Act III. 
 
 Suppose a man falls from the mainyard, 
 and lies all bruised upon the deck, pray what 
 is the first intention in that case H A brisk 
 fellow answers, You must give him Irish 
 slate. T. Brown, Works, iii. 90. 
 
 SLAVEY, a slang name for a servant : 
 not usually applied, as in the quotation, 
 to a male. 
 
 Then the boy Thomas, otherwise called 
 Slavey, may say, There he goes again. . . . 
 The slavey has Mr. Frederick's hot water, 
 and a bottle of soda water on the same tray. 
 He has been instructed to bring soda when- 
 ever he hears the word slavey pronounced 
 from above. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xi. 
 
 SLECK-TROUGH, the trough in which 
 a blacksmith cools hot iron (?). See 
 H. s. v. sleek. 
 
 No sooner was King Harry made 
 Of English Church the Supream Head, 
 But he a Black-smith's son appointed 
 Head in his pi; ce: oue who anointed 
 Had never been, unless his Dad 
 Had in the sleek-trough wash'd the lad, 
 With an intent that that should do 
 For Christ'ning and for Priesthood too. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, c. i. p. 38. 
 
 SLEDDER, a horse that draws a sledge. 
 
 Smiles, our youngest sleMer, had been 
 well in over his withers. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. ii. 
 
 SLEDGE-HAMMER, to hit hard, as with 
 a sledge-hammer. 
 
 You may see what is meant by sledge- 
 hammering a man. Sir G. C. Lewis, Letters 
 (1834), p. 32. 
 
 SLEEKING, gliding or sweeping: 
 usually a transitive verb. 
 For as the racks came sleeking on, one fell 
 With rain into a dell. 
 
 Leigh Hunt, Foliage, p. xxx. 
 
 SLEEPINGLY, sleepily. 
 
 To jog sleeping!;/ through the world in a 
 
 dumpish, melancholly posture cannot pro- 
 perly be said to live. Kennets Erasmus, 
 Praise of Folly, p. 25. 
 
 SLEEP-SICK, fond of sleep : a word 
 formed like home-sick, and applied by 
 Sylvester to the apathetic god of the 
 Epicurean creed. 
 
 Fond Epicure, thou rather slept'st thyself, 
 When thou didst forge thee such a sleep-sick 
 
 For life's pure Fount. 
 
 Seventh day, first weeke, 129. 
 
 SLENT, to rend. 
 
 If one do well observe the quality of the 
 cliffs on both shores, his eye will judge that 
 they were but one homogeueal piece of earth 
 at first, and that they were slented and 
 shiver'd asunder by some act of violence, as 
 the impetuous waves of the sea. Howell, 
 Letters, iv. 19. 
 
 SLIBBER-SADCE, draff ; hogswash. R. 
 quotes the extract, s. v. slip, and says 
 it is slipper or slippery sauce. 
 
 His taste is corrupt, . . . longing after slib- 
 bersauce and swash, at which a whole stomach 
 is ready to cast his gorge. Tyndale, i. 54. 
 
 SLICE-SEA, cutting the waves ; an 
 epithet given by Sylvester to the alder, 
 because that tree was used in ship- 
 building: elsewhere (Babylon, 147) he 
 speaks of " adventurous a'.ders " (cf. 
 Georyics, i. 136), and in the Vocation, 
 1019, of the swallow's "slicing nimble- 
 nesse." 
 
 The winding rivers bordered all their banks 
 With slice-sea alders, and green osiars smal. 
 Third day,fr$t weeke, 564. 
 
 SLICKENSIDE. See extract. 
 
 Many of the pebbles also, and stones two 
 feet and more in diameter, have acquired 
 that polish which is called slickenside. Sir 
 C. Lyell, Principles of Geology, \. 230, 12th ed. 
 
 SLING-MAN, a slinger. 
 So oue while Lot sets on a troup of horse, 
 A band of sling-men lie anon doth force. 
 
 'Sylvester, The Vocation, 825. 
 
 SLIP. To slip the breath or wind = 
 
 to die. 
 
 And for their cats that happed to slip their 
 breath, 
 
 Old maids, so sweet, might mourn them- 
 selves to death. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 69. 
 
 " You give him the right stuff, doctor," 
 said Hawes jocosely, "and he won't slip his 
 wind this time." Reade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. x. 
 
 SLIP-ALONG, slipshod. 
 
 It would be less worth while to read Fox's
 
 SLIP- CO IN 
 
 ( 599 ) 
 
 SLOW 
 
 slip-along stories. Maitland on Reformation, 
 p. 559. 
 
 SLIP-COIN, counterfeit coin : slip by 
 itself in this sense is illustrated in the 
 Diets. 
 
 This is the worldling's folly, rather to take 
 a piece of slip-coin in hand than to trust God 
 for the invaluable mass of glory. Adams, i. 
 247. 
 
 SLIPPER. Shuffle the slipper is a 
 game more commonly called Hunt the 
 slipper. The players squat on the 
 ground in a circle, and pass a slipper 
 under them from one to the other ; a 
 person in the middle endeavouring to 
 detect where it is. See extract s. v. 
 DRAWGLOVE. 
 
 SLIPS, that part of a theatre at the 
 side of the stage from which the scenery 
 is slipped on ; also that part where the 
 actors stand before entering on the 
 scene. See extract s. v. RADDLED. The 
 French les coulisses has the same mean- 
 ing of slipping or gliding. 
 
 It was just half -past eight, so they thought 
 they couldn't do better than go at half-price 
 to the slips at the City Theatre. Sketches by 
 oz (Making a night of it). 
 
 SLIP-SLAP, to slap repeatedly. 
 
 I ha' found her fingers slip-slap thisa-way 
 and that a-way like a flail upon a wheatsheaf . 
 Centlivre, The Artifice, Act III. 
 
 SLIP SLOP, slovenly ; inaccurate. 
 
 The difficulty lies only in the rationalist's 
 shallow and sensuous view of Nature, and in 
 his ambiguous slip-slop trick of using the 
 word natural to mean, in one sentence, 
 " material," and in the next, as I use it, only 
 "normal and orderly." C. Kinysley, Alton 
 Locke, ch. xxxviii. 
 
 SLIP-SLOP, blunder. 
 
 He told us a great number of comic slip- 
 slops of the first Lord Baltimore, who made 
 a constant misuse of one word for another. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, iv. 14. 
 
 SLIP-SLOP, thin or weak drink. 
 No, thou shalt feed, instead of these 
 Or your slip-slap [sic] of curds and whey, 
 On Nectar and Ambrosia. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 187. 
 At length the coffee was announced. . . 
 " And since the meagre slip-stop's made, 
 I think the call should be obey'd." 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. i. 
 
 SLIP-SLOPPY, wet ; splashy. 
 There was no taking refuge too then, as 
 
 with us 
 On a slip-sloppy day, in a cab or a bus. 
 
 Imjoldsi!:y Legends (S. Romicold). 
 
 SLIP-STOCKING-HIGH. 
 
 This lady's fancy is just slip-stocking-high, 
 and she seems to want sense more than her 
 breakfast. Collier, Eny. Stage, p. 92. 
 
 SLITHER, to slide. See extract from 
 Tennyson s. v. HUCK. 
 
 After getting up three or four feet, they 
 came slithering to the ground, barking their 
 arms and faces. Hughes, Tom Brown's School- 
 days, Pt. II. ch. iv. 
 
 Gay girls slithered past him, looked round 
 at him, but in vain. C. Kingsley, Two Years 
 Ago, ch. xxiv. 
 
 SLIVE, to sneak away, or to dasvdle. 
 
 I know her gown agen ; I minded her 
 when she sliv'd off. Centlivre, Platonick 
 Lady, Act IV. 
 
 I have had a hankering mind after her 
 these two years, but the slimng baggage will 
 not come to a resolution yet. Hid., The 
 Man's bewitched, Act III. 
 
 What are you a sliving about (quid cessas ?) , 
 you drone 'f you are a year a lighting a 
 candle. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 41. 
 
 SLOAPLY, slopingly. 
 The next which there beneath it sloaply 
 
 slides, 
 
 And his fair hindges from the world's diuides 
 Twice twelve degrees, is call'd the Zodiack. 
 Sylvester, The Columnes, 312. 
 
 SLOOMY, "sluggish; out of spirits" 
 (note to extract). 
 
 An' Sally wur sloomy an' draggle-taail'd. 
 Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 SLOP-DASH, slip-slop ; weak, cold tea, 
 or the like. 
 
 Does he expect tea can be keeping hot for 
 him to the end of time ? He'll have nothing 
 but slop-dash. Miss Edgeworth, Rose, Thistle, 
 and Shamrock, iii. 2. 
 
 SLOT, track of a deer; but in the ex- 
 tract is a verb = to follow on a track. 
 
 Three stags sturdye wer under 
 Neere the seacost gating, theym slot thee 
 clusterus heerd flock. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 190. 
 
 SLOVENXESS, slovenliness. 
 
 Happy Dunstan himself, if guilty of no 
 greater fault, which could be uo sin (nor 
 properly a slovennesse) in an infant. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., II. v. 43. 
 
 SLOW, a bog or slough ; which last is 
 the reading in the Chertsey Worthies 
 edition, reprinted from that of 1041 ; 
 the extract is from the edition of 1611. 
 With conquering ploughs 
 He furrows vp cold Strymou's slymie slmcs. 
 Sylvester, The Colonies, 223. 
 
 SLOW, dull ; stupid.
 
 SLOW1SH 
 
 ( 600 ) 
 
 SMALLS 
 
 My uncle Major Peudeunis was another of 
 the guests ; who for his part found the party 
 was what you young fellows call very slow. 
 Thackeray, The A'ewcomes, ch. xlix. 
 
 SLOWISH, rather slow. 
 
 The cabman, sensible that his pace was 
 slovrish, took to whipping. Carfyle, Life of 
 Sterling, Pt. III. ch. i. 
 
 SLUED, intoxicated ; a nautical meta- 
 phor (slang). 
 
 He came into our place one night to take 
 her home ; rather slued, but not much. 
 Dickens, Martin Chuzdeu-it, ch. xxviii. 
 
 SLUG, a dram (slang). 
 
 He ordered the waiter, who shewed them 
 i jto a parlour, to ... bring alongside a short 
 allowance of brandy or grog, that he might 
 cant a sluy into his bread-room. Smollett, 
 Sir L. Greaves, ch. xvii. 
 
 SLUG, a slow-sailing vessel. 
 
 Tnus hath Independency, as a little but 
 tite Pinnace, in a short time got the wind of, 
 and given a broad-side to Presbytery : which 
 soon grew a sluy, when once the North-wind 
 ceased to fill its sailes. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 381. 
 
 His rendezvous for his fleet and for all 
 sluyys to come to should be between Calais 
 s.nd Dover. Pepys, Oct. 17, 1666. 
 
 SLUM, a low neighbourhood. 
 
 When one gets clear of the suburban shims 
 and the smoke of Liverpool, a very respect- 
 able appearance of real country-life becomes 
 visible. Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 SLUSHING, same as SLUSHY, q. v. 
 
 Philip went . . . through keen black east 
 wind, or driving snow, or slushing thaw. 
 Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. x. 
 
 SLUSHY, spongy ; wet. 
 
 I gain the cove with pushing prow, 
 
 And quench its speed in the slushy sand. 
 
 Broicniny, Meeting at A'ight. 
 SLUT, to befoul. 
 
 Tobacco's damnable infection 
 Sluttiny the body, slaving the affection. 
 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 585. 
 
 SMACK AT, to relish, as shown by 
 f mucking the lips. 
 
 He that by crafty significations of ill-will 
 doth prompt the slanderer to vent his poison ; 
 ... he that pleasingly relisheth and smacketh 
 at it; as he is a partner" in the fact, so he is 
 a sharer in the guilt. Harrow, i. 391. 
 
 SMACKERING, smattering. 
 
 Such as meditate by snatches, never chew- 
 ing the cud and digesting their meat, they 
 may happily get a smackering for discourse 
 and table-talk, but not enoi-gh to keep soul 
 and life together. H'ard, Sermons, p. 83. 
 
 SMACKLY, with a smacking sound ; 
 heartily. 
 Queene Didoshal col the and smacklyebebasse 
 
 thee. Stanyhurst, ^%n., i. 670. 
 
 SMALACH, celery or water parsley: 
 usually written smallage. q. v. in L. 
 Tusser recommends " smalach for 
 swellings " (Husbandrie, p. 97). 
 
 The leaves of this plant, which they termed 
 by the name of Maspetum, came very near 
 in all respects to those of smallach or persely. 
 Holland, Pliny, xix. 3. 
 
 SMALL BEER. To think small leer of 
 anything = to have a low opinion of it. 
 Bee quotations s. vv. GUMPTIOUS, QUEEN- 
 ITE, STIRE. 
 
 She thinks small leer of painters, 3. J. 
 well, well, we don't think small beer of our- 
 selves, my noble friend. Thackeray, The 
 Newcomes, ch. xxxix. 
 
 SMALL CATTLE, or MEAT. See first 
 extract. 
 
 The due observation whereof would spare 
 the number of beefs aforesaid, or more : be- 
 sides those things sold by the Poulterers ; 
 and other small cattle, as calves, sheep, and 
 lambs innumerable, killed by the Butcher. 
 Privy Council on Fish-days, 1594 (Eng. Gar- 
 ner, i. 304). 
 
 [Ipswich] has five Market - days weekly ; 
 Tuesday and Thursday for small meat ; Wed- 
 nesday and Friday for fish ; and Saturday 
 for all sorts of provisions. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Britain, i. 27. 
 
 SMALL-CLOTHES, trousers. L. has the 
 word, with quotation from Byron's 
 Bep^o. The indignant censor referred 
 to by Southey is a writer in the Anti- 
 Jacobin Review. Stephens's Life of 
 Home Tooke appeared in 1813, and Dr. 
 Syntax's first Tour in 1812 ; Beppo in 
 1818. 
 
 His small-clothes sat so close and tight. 
 His boots like jet were black and bright. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. xx. 
 
 Mr. Stephens having in his memoirs of 
 Home Tooke used the word small-clothes, is 
 thus reprehended for it by the indignant 
 censor. " His brpeches he calls small-clotlfs ; 
 the first time we have seen this bastard term, 
 the offspring of gross ideas and disgusting 
 affectation, in print, in anything like a book. 
 Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter xx. 
 
 SMALLS, breeches. See SMALL- 
 CLOTHES. 
 
 His boots were of the Wellington form, 
 pulled up to meet his corduroy knee-amalls. 
 Sketches by Bo: (Tfie Last Cabdriver).
 
 SMALLS 
 
 (601 ) 
 
 SMITHFIELD 
 
 The only electric body that falls 
 Wears a negative coat and positive smalls. 
 Hood, J/z'ss KUmanseyy. 
 
 SMALLS, a slang name for the first 
 University examination little-go, as it 
 used to be called ; its proper name now 
 is Responsions. 
 
 Iii our second term we are no longer fresh- 
 men, and begin to feel ourselves at home, 
 while both " smalls " aud greats are suffici- 
 ently distant to be altogether ignored, if we 
 are that way inclined. Huyhes, Tom Brown 
 at Oxford, ch. x. 
 
 SMART, to pain. 
 
 A goad that pricks the skin aud smarts the 
 flesh. Adams, ii. 195. 
 
 SMART, a dandy. 
 
 He soon attracted the eyes of the company; 
 all the smarts, all the silk waistcoats with 
 silver and gold edgings were eclipsed in a 
 moment. Fieldiny, Jos. A ndrewes, Bk. II. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 I resolved to quit all further conversation 
 with beaux and smarts of every kind. Ibid., 
 Bk. III. ch. iii. 
 
 Our cousin is looked upon among his 
 brother libertines aud smarts as a man of 
 first consideration. Richardson, Grandison, 
 iv. 292. 
 The gay sparkling Belle who the whole 
 
 town alarms, 
 And with eyes, lips, and neck, sets the smarts 
 
 all in arms. 
 
 Townely, High Life below Stairs, 
 Act II. 
 
 SMART as applied to dress is a com- 
 mon usage. K. gives no instance, and 
 the earliest in L. is from Dickens. 
 
 " Sirrah," says the youngster, " make me a 
 smart wig, a smart one, ye dog." The fellow 
 blest himself ; he had heard of a smart nag, 
 a smart man, &c., but a smart wig was Chinese 
 to the tradesman. However, nothing would 
 please his worship but smart shoes, smart 
 hats, and smart cravats ; within two days he 
 had a smart wig with a smart price in the 
 box. The truth is he had been bred up with 
 the groom, and transplanted the stable - 
 dialect into the dressing-room. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 476. 
 
 SMARTISH, rather fine. 
 
 I bought . . . two pair of ordinary bine 
 worsted hose that made a smartish appearance 
 with white clocks, I'll assure you. Richard- 
 son, Pamela, i. 51. 
 
 SMELLERS, nostrils: smeller is pugi- 
 listic nlang for nose. 
 Old Priam sate, to hide from Greek here, 
 By kitchiu fire in chair of wicker; 
 B it so with bloud his nose did spin out, 
 He put that small fire that was iu out ; 
 
 (For he on smellers, you must know, 
 Receiv'd a sad unlucky blow). 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 64. 
 
 SMELL-TRAP, a contrivance for shut- 
 ting off bad smells from a house. 
 
 " Where have you been staying ? " " With 
 young Lord Vieuxbois, among high art aud 
 painted glass, spade farms, and model smell- 
 traps.'" C. Kinysley, Yeast, ch. vi. 
 
 SMELTS. The proverb in extract seems 
 to mean " to come to grief." 
 
 Let your news be as country folk bring 
 fruit to your markets, the bad and good 
 together. Say, have none gone " westward 
 for smelts," as our proverbial phrase is ? 
 Great Frost of January, 1608 (Eny. Garner, 
 i. 85). 
 
 SMICKET, a smock. See extract from 
 Colman s. v. BUCKET. 
 
 Wide antlers, which had whilom grac'd 
 A stag's bold brow, on pitchforks plac'd, 
 The roaring dancing bumpkins show, 
 And the white smickets wave below. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. v. 
 SMILELESS, without a smile. 
 The door closed upon the sallow and smile- 
 less nephew. Lytton, Pelham, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 And so the old man, whose life had been 
 so smileless, died smiling. Ibid., What will 
 he do with it? Bk. VI. ch. ix. 
 
 SMIRKLY, with a smirk. 
 
 Venus was glad to hear 
 Such proffer made, which she well shewed 
 with smiling chear, 
 
 And smirkly thus gan say. 
 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 258. 
 
 SMITHEREENS, small fragments. 
 Smithers and smithereens are Lincoln- 
 shire words ; see Peacock's Manley 
 and Corringham Glossary (E. D. S.). 
 
 He has raised a pretty quarrel there, I can 
 tell you kicked the ostler half across the 
 yard, knocked heaps of things to smither- 
 eens, aud is ordering everybody about. 
 Ulack, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. iii. 
 
 SMITHERS, fragments. 
 Smash the bottle to smithers, the Divil's 
 in 'im, said I. Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 SMITHFIELD BARGAIN, applied to a 
 marriage of interest, where money is 
 the chief consideration : the allusion is 
 to buying a wife in Smithfield. Of. 
 Breton, Olde Man's Lesson, p. 7 : 
 " Fie on these market-matches, where 
 marriages are made without affection." 
 
 By the procurement of these experienc'd 
 matrons, a marriage is struck up like a 
 Smithfield bari/ain. There is much higling 
 aud wrangling for t'other ten pounds ; one
 
 SMITHY-DANDER ( 602 ) 
 
 SMUT 
 
 side endeavours to raise, and the other to 
 beat down tbe market-price. T. rotcn, 
 Works, Hi. 54. 
 
 The hearts of us women, when we are 
 urged to give way to a clandestine or unequal 
 address, or when inclined to favour such a 
 one, are apt and are pleaded with to rise 
 against the notions of bargain and sale. 
 Smithfield bargains you Londoners call them, 
 but unjust is the intended odium, if prelimin- 
 aries are necessary in all treaties of this 
 nature. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 44. 
 
 Old Square-toes would not part with cash 
 enough down upon the nail ; and the devil 
 take me if I would marry an angel upon the 
 footing of a mere Smith field bargain. Graves, 
 Spiritual Quixote, Bk. V. ch. xv. 
 
 You deposit so much money, and he grants 
 you such an annuity ; a mere Smithfield 
 bargain, that is all. Foote, The Bankrupt, 
 II. 1. 
 
 SMITHY-DANDER, a cinder. 
 
 You cannot suppose that Harry Gow cares 
 the value of a smithy-dander for snch a cub 
 as yonder cat-a-mountain. Scott, Fair Maid 
 of Perth, i. 68. 
 
 SMITTLE, infectious ; catching. 
 
 Get thy saddles off, lad, and come in ; 'tis 
 a smittle night for rheumatics. H. Kingsley, 
 Geoff ry Hamlyn, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 SMOCK. This article of woman's dress 
 forms the first part of several com- 
 pounds, usually with a disparaging 
 meaning. Smock-faced = effeminate- 
 looking is in the Diets., but not the 
 substantive. In a mock u Catalogue of 
 Books of the newest Fashion ' ' (Bart. 
 Misc., v. 287), one is ascribed to 
 f ~ smock-pecked S k." Dr. Sherlock, 
 who at first refused to take the oaths to 
 William and Mary, afterwards changed 
 his mind ; it was supposed at the insti- 
 gation of his wife. 
 Now this smocktoy Paris with berdlesse coom- 
 
 panye wayted. Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 222. 
 [Fortune gives] Some wealth without wit, 
 
 some uor wit nor wealth, 
 
 But good smock-faces. 
 
 Chapman, All Fooles, v. 1. 
 
 'Tis but procuring ; 
 A smock-employment. 
 
 Massimjer, Renegado, II. i. 
 
 I hope, sir, 
 You are not the man ; much less employ'd 
 
 by him 
 As a smock-agent to me. 
 
 Ibid., Maid of Honour, II. ii. 
 
 Peace, thou smock-vermin ! Ibid., III. i. 
 
 Keep these women matters 
 Smock-secrets to ourselves. 
 
 Jonson, Magnetic Lad;/, iv. 2. 
 
 SMOKE - FARTHINGS, a contribution 
 from every one who had a house with 
 a chimney, payable in Whitsun week 
 to the cathedral of the diocese. 
 
 As for your smoke -farthings and Peter- 
 pence, I make no reckoning. Jewel, iv. 1079. 
 
 SMOKER, one who makes game of 
 another. 
 These wooden "Wits, these Quizzers, Queerers, 
 
 Smokers, 
 These practical, nothing-so-easy Jokers. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 150. 
 
 SMOKING, bantering ; roasting. 
 
 " Oh ! " cried Mrs. Thrale, " what a smoking 
 did Miss Burney give Mr. Crutchley ! " "A 
 smoking indeed," cried he ; " never had I such 
 a one before ; never did I think to get such 
 a character." Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, ii. 69. 
 
 SMOKY, suspicious. 
 
 I' gad, I don't like his looks ; he seems a 
 little smoaky ; I believe I had as good brush 
 off. Gibber, Prov. Husband, Act II. 
 
 A smoaky fellow this Classic ; but if Lu< inda 
 plays her cards well, we have not much to 
 fear from that quarter. Foote, Englishman 
 in Paris, Act I. 
 
 SMOOTHER, flatterer. Cf. FRUBBER. 
 
 These are my flatterers, my soothers, my 
 claw-backs, my smoothers, my parasites. Ur- 
 quhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. iii. 
 
 SMOUCH, a cant term for a Jew. H. 
 has " Smous, a Jew. Suffolk." See ex- 
 tract S. V. JUDAIZATION. 
 
 I saw them roast some poor Smouches at 
 Lisbon because they would not eat pork. 
 Johnston, Chrysal, i. 228. 
 Vhile I, like de resht of ma tribe, shrug and 
 
 crouch, 
 You find fault mit ma pargaius, and say I'm 
 
 a Smouch. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Merchant of I'enice). 
 
 SMUDGE. Nashe seems to use this as 
 meaning "to smoke" when speaking 
 of what was necessary to make a her- 
 ring chapmanable, q. v. 
 
 SMUGGLE, to cuddle or fondle. 
 
 Oh, the little lips! and 'tis the best- 
 natured little dear. (Smuggles and kisses it.) 
 Farquhar, Love and a Bottle, i. 1. 
 
 SMUGNESS, trimness: it is a word 
 that would seem more appropriate to 
 what auctioneers call "a neat villa" 
 than to Winchester Cathedral. 
 
 I like the smut/ness of the Cathedral, and 
 the profusion of the most beautiful Gothic 
 tombs. Walpole, Letters, i. 442 (1755). 
 
 SMUT, to make obscene : less common 
 as a verb than a substantive.
 
 SMUTS 
 
 ( 603 ) SNAP- WORK GUN 
 
 Another smuts his scene (a cunning shaver), 
 Sure of the rakes, and of the wenches favour. 
 Prologue to Steele's Conscious Lovers. 
 
 SMUTS, particles of soot. 
 
 She ventured into the drawing-room, and 
 was straightway saluted by a joyous dance 
 of those monads, called vulgarly smuts. 
 Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XIV. ch. ii. 
 
 SMUTTINESS, obscenity. 
 
 Smuttiness is a fault in Behaviour as well 
 as in Religion. Collier, English Stage, p. 6. 
 
 SNAFFLING - LAY, highway robbery 
 (thieves' cant). Cf. BRIDLE - CULL. 
 Highwaymen being mounted, the 
 names for them and their profession 
 are taken from horses' gear. See 
 quotation s. v. PEEBY. 
 
 I thought by your look you had been a 
 clever fellow, and upon the snaffling-lay at 
 least, but I find you are some sneaking-budge 
 rascal. Fielding, Amelia, Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 SNAFT, another term for wick, con- 
 nected with snuffed (?). 
 
 You chandler . . . after your weeke or snaft 
 is stiffened, you dip it in filthy drosse, and 
 after give him a coat of good tallowe. 
 Greene, Quip for Upstart Courtier (Harl. 
 Misc., v. 419). 
 
 SNAGGY, full of snags or roughnesses. 
 Spenser (F. Q., I. vii. 10) speaks of " a 
 snaggy oke ; " so the word is used 
 provincially for ill-tempered. 
 An' I wur down i' tha mouth, couldn't do 
 
 naw work an' all, 
 Nasty an' snagyy, an' shaaky, an' poonch'd 
 
 my 'and wi' the hawl. 
 
 Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 SNAIL, to wind like a snail, or to move 
 slowly. 
 
 This sayd, shee trots on snayling, lyk a 
 toothshaken old hagge. Stanyhurst, JEn., 
 iv. 689. 
 
 And sifch all sound seems alwayes to ascend, 
 God plac't the ears (where they might best 
 
 attend) 
 
 As in two turrets, on the buildings top, 
 Snailiny their hollow entries so asloap, 
 That while the voyce about those windings 
 
 wanders 
 The sound might lengthen in those bow'd 
 
 maeanders. 
 
 Sylvester, Sixth day, first weeke, 637. 
 
 Draw in your horns, and resolve to snail- 
 on as we did before, in a track we are 
 acquainted with. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 iv. 124. 
 
 SNAIL'S GALLOP. To go at a snail's 
 gallop, i. e. very slowly. In the 
 original of the first extract the tor- 
 
 toise is the animal named " ut incedit 
 
 testudo" 
 
 I see what haste you make ; you are never 
 
 the forwarder, you go a snail's gallop. 
 
 Bailey's Erasmus, p. 41. 
 
 But if he happen'd not to feel 
 An augry hint from thong or steel, 
 He, by degrees, would seldom fail 
 T' adopt the gallop of a snail. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iii. 
 
 SNAKE, to wind like a snake. 
 Anon vpon the flowry plains he looks, 
 Laced about with snaking siluer brooks. 
 
 Sylvester, Seventh day, first weeke, 81. 
 
 SNAP, a slight refection, same as 
 snack ; also a scrap or morsel. 
 
 The story of the Mamelukes ... is not 
 written directly, but by reflexion ; not storied 
 by any constant writer of their own, but in 
 snaps and parcels. Fuller, Holy War, Bk. 
 IV. ch. xxxii. 
 
 It is one thing to laugh at them in transitu, 
 a snap and away, and another to make a set 
 meal in jeering them. Ibid., Holy and Pro- 
 fane State, III. xii. 5. 
 
 Perchance he may get some alms of learn- 
 ing, here a snap, there a piece of knowledge, 
 but nothing to purpose. Ibid., V. xiv. 1. 
 
 Mr. Henry Burton, Minister, rather took a 
 snap than made a meal in any university. 
 Ibid., Ch. Hist., XI. ii. 59. 
 
 Mr. Pilgrim had just returned from one of 
 his long day's rounds among the farm-houses, 
 in the course of which he had sat down to 
 two hearty meals, that might have been mis- 
 taken for dinners, if he had not declared 
 them to be snaps. G. Eliot, Janet's Repent- 
 ance, ch. i. 
 
 SNAP, an earring: so called, I sup- 
 pose, from being snapped or clasped. 
 
 A pair of diamond snaps in her ears. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 29. 
 
 SNAPPER, a cracker-bonbon. 
 And nasty French lucifer snappers with 
 mottos. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends ( Wedding-day). 
 
 SNAPPERS, castanets. 
 
 Their musicke is answerable ; the instru- 
 ments no other than snappers, gingles, and 
 round-bottomd drums. Sandys, Travels, p. 
 172. 
 
 SNAPSAUCE, licking one's fingers ; 
 pilfering food. Epistemon in the Ely- 
 sian fields saw 
 
 Hector a snapsauce scullion (fripe-saulce). 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxx. 
 
 SNAP-WORK GUN, a gun with a spring 
 lock ; same as snaphance. 
 
 Betwixt the third couple of towers were 
 the butts and marks for shooting with a
 
 SNATCHING 
 
 ( 604 ) 
 
 SXO.B 
 
 snrp-ieork yun (Varquebu.se). Urquharfs Ra- 
 belais, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 SNATCHING. See extract. 
 
 ' ; Snatching " is a form of illicit piscicap- 
 tnre for which it is impossible to entertain 
 even that mitigated kind of sympathy which 
 the keenest sportsman cannot occasionally 
 help feeling towards poaching conducted in 
 a fair and sportsmanlike manner. A large 
 triangle is attached to a line of fine gut, 
 well weighted with swan-shot or a small 
 plummet. Some " snatchers " will use two, 
 three, or even four triangles ; but the mode 
 of operation is, of course, the same. The 
 liue is then dropped iuto some quiet place 
 where fish are plentiful a deep corner pool, 
 or the outfall of a drain, or the month of a 
 small affluent and, as soon as the plummet 
 has touched the bottom, is twitched violently 
 up. It is almost a certainty that on some 
 one or other of the hooks, and possibly on 
 more than one, will be a fish foul-hooked. 
 Standard, Oct. 21, 1878. 
 
 SNAT-NOSED, snub-nosed. 
 
 Silenus . . . was an euill disfigured apishe 
 body, croumpe shouldred, short-necked, snat- 
 nosed, with a sparowe's mouth. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 250. 
 
 SNEAKING, an epithet often joined 
 with such words as kindness, liking, 
 preference, &c. ; it signifies unavowed 
 or undemonstrative. 
 
 You. my dear, shall reveal to me your 
 sneaking passion, if you have one, and I will 
 discover mine. Richardson, Grandison,i. 290. 
 
 For they possess'd, with all their pother, 
 A sneaking kindness for each other. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. vii. 
 
 SXEAKING-BUDGE, thieves cant for 
 pilfering. See quotation s. v. SNAF- 
 
 FLING-LAY. 
 
 Wild . . . looked upon borrowing to be as 
 good a way of taking as any, and, as he called 
 it, the genteelest kind of sneaking-budge. 
 Fieldiiiij, Jonathan Wild, Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 SNEEZE. Not to sneeze at a thing = 
 not to object to it ; to value it. 
 A buxom, tall, and comely dame 
 Who wish'd, 'twas said, to change her name, 
 And, if I could her thoughts divine, 
 Would not perhaps have sneez'd at mine. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. v. 
 Then his Riverence retrating discoorsed the 
 
 mating : 
 " Boys, here's your Queen, deny it if you 
 
 can ; 
 
 And if any bould traitour or infarior craythur 
 Sneezes at that, I'd like to see the man." 
 Iwjoldsby Lfyends (The Coronation). 
 
 SNEEZE-BOX, a snuff-box. See quota- 
 tion s. vv. CLYFAKING, LUMMY. 
 
 SNICK, to cut. The Diets, give it 
 on!}- in the phrase snick and snee. 
 
 He began by snicking the corner of her 
 foot off with nurse's scissors. H. Kinysley, 
 Ravenshoe, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 SNICKLE. See H., who refers to Mar- 
 lowe, but does not give the passage, 
 which is clearly corrupt. Col. Cun- 
 ningham conjectures " snicle, hard and 
 fast," though even this is obscure. 
 Snickle = to tie a noose, for the pur- 
 pose of catching hares, &c. 
 
 I carried the broth that poisoned tbe nuns, 
 and he and I, snicle hand too fast, strangled 
 a friar. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 
 
 SNIFT, to snuff. 
 
 I would sooner snift thy farthing candle. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. IV. ch. viii. 
 
 SNIP, a tailor. 
 
 Sir, here's Snip the toy for 
 Charg'd with a riot. 
 
 Randolph, Muses' Lookii/y Glass, 
 
 iv. 3. 
 
 "Alton, you fool, why did you let out 
 that you were a snip ? " " I am not ashamed 
 of my trade." C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. xiii. 
 
 SNIPPETINESS, fragmentariness. 
 
 The defect of Eraser's Magazine among 
 magazines is s)i/ppetinets,& habit of publishing 
 so many articles that they are none of them 
 exhaustive. The Spectator, quoted in Frastr's 
 Mag., March 1878, p. 400. 
 
 The whole number is good, albeit broken 
 up iuto more small fragments than we think 
 quite wise. Variety is pleasant, snippetiness 
 is not. Church Times, April 9, 1880, p. 228. 
 
 SXIP-SNAP-SNORDM, a round game at 
 cards, which is fully described in .A r . 
 and Q., 3rd S., ii. 331,379. 
 
 It had been found convenient to set down 
 the children and their young guests on these 
 occasions to Pope Joan or snij>-snaj>-snorum t 
 which was to them a more amusing, because 
 a noisier game. Southey, The Doctor, ch.cix. 
 
 SNITE, a term of reproach. R. gives 
 snite = woodcock, which word is often 
 used for a fool, or it may be = snot, 
 Here enter not vile bigots, hypocrites, 
 Externally devoted apes, base suite*. 
 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. liv. 
 
 SNOB, a journeyman shoemaker. The 
 extract is a note on the words "tailor 
 by trade." 
 
 All who are familiar with the Police Re- 
 ports and other Records of our Courts of 
 Justice, will recollect that every gentleman 
 of this particu'ar prnfession invariably thus 
 describes hims -If, iu contradistinction to the
 
 SNOD 
 
 ( 605 ) 
 
 SOAKINGL Y 
 
 bricklayer, whom he probably presumes to 
 be indigenous, and to the Shoemaker born a 
 Snob. Ingoldsby Legends (Old Woman in 
 Grey). 
 
 SNOD, to bind ; tie up. 
 On stake and ryce he knits the crooked vines, 
 And snoddes their bowes. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 269. 
 
 SNOOZLE, to nestle. 
 
 A dog . . . snoozled its nose overforwardly 
 into her face. E. Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 SN T ORTLE, to grunt. Breton says that 
 Folly teaches his scholar 
 
 To wallow almost like a beare, 
 And snortle like a hog. 
 
 Schoole of Fancie, p. 6. 
 
 SNOKTY, snoring ; broken by snorts. 
 Stanyhurst speaks of the " dead sleape 
 snortye " of Polyphemus (jiEn., iii. 645). 
 
 SNOW, a vessel with foremast, main- 
 mast, and abaft the latter a small mast 
 with a trysail. 
 
 Far other craft our prouder river shows, 
 Hoys, piuks, aud sloops, brigs, brigautines, 
 
 aud snows. Orabbe, The Borouyh, Letter i. 
 
 There was no order among us he that was 
 captain to-day was swabber to-morrow. . . I 
 broke with them at last for what they did on 
 board of a bit of a snow ; no matter what it 
 was ; bad enough, since it frightened me. 
 Scott, Bed-gauntlet, ii. 156. 
 
 SNOWBREAK, thaw of snow. 
 
 And so, like snowbreak from the mountains, 
 for every staircase is a melted brook, it 
 storms ; tumultuous, wild-shrilling, towards 
 the Hotel-de-Ville. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. 
 Bk. VII. ch. iv. 
 
 SNOBBISH, surly ; repressive. 
 Spirit of Kant ! have we not had enough 
 To make religion sad. and sour, and snubbish ? 
 Hood, An Open Question. 
 
 SNOBBY, short ; stunted. 
 
 Both have mottled legs, 
 Both have snubby noses. 
 
 Thackeray, Peg of Limavaddy. 
 
 SNUDGE-LIKE, like a miser. 
 
 Who Snudge-like to his friend (whose heart 
 
 Was payud with stitch and griefe) 
 Not one poore draught thereof would send, 
 To ease him with reliefe. 
 
 Metrical version of Juvenal quoted in 
 Touchstone of Complexions, p. 103. 
 
 SNUDGERY, miserliness. See extract 
 
 8. V. HUDDLE-DUDDLE. 
 
 SNUDGE-SNOUT, a dirty fellow. 
 
 I heard your father say that he would 
 marry you to Peter Ploddall, that puck-fist, 
 
 that snudye-snout, that coal-carrierly clown. 
 Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eny. Dr., iii. 303). 
 
 SNUFK. Up to snuff = sharp ; clever 
 (slang). 
 
 Lady A., who is now what some call " up to 
 
 snuff," 
 
 Straight determines to patch up a clandes- 
 tine match. 
 
 Inyoldsly Legends (Account 
 of a new play). 
 
 SNUFFLER, a religious canter. 
 
 You know I never was a muffler ; but this 
 sort of life makes one serious, if one has any 
 reverence at all in one. Hughes, Tom Brou-n 
 at Oxford, ch. xliv. 
 
 SNUFFLES, difficulty in speaking or 
 breathing owing to the nose being 
 stopped up through a cold. 
 
 First the Queen deserts us ; then Princess 
 Royal begins coughing ; then Princess 
 Augusta gets the snuffles. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Diary, iii. 180. 
 
 SNUFFMAN, snuff-seller. 
 
 The proprietor confined himself strictly to 
 the sale of snuff, and had . . . nothing in 
 short that makes the shop of a snuffman of 
 the present day scarcely distinguishable 
 from the studio of a Cheapside miniature 
 painter. Savage, R. Medlicolt, Bk. III. ch. i. 
 
 SNUGGLE, to nestle. 
 
 We were friends in a minute young Xew- 
 come snuggling by my side, his father oppo- 
 site. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. i. 
 
 SNUSH, to snuff or take snuff. N. has 
 the substantive. 
 
 Then filling his short pipe, he blows a blast, 
 And does the burning weed to ashes waste, 
 Which, when 'tis cool, he smishes up his nose, 
 That he no part of his delight may lose. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 117. 
 
 SNUZZLE, to sniff. H. says, to cuddle. 
 This, however, does not seem to be the 
 meaning in the extract, in which a bull- 
 dog is spoken of. 
 
 His general look, and a way he had of 
 going li snuzzliny " about the calves of 
 strangers, were not pleasant for nervous 
 people. Hughes, Tom Broicn at Oxford, ch. 
 iii. 
 
 SOAK. 
 
 Stand forth, transform'd Antonio, fully mued 
 From brown soak feathers of dull yeomanry 
 To th' glorious bosom of gentry. 
 
 Allumazar, iii. 4. 
 
 SoAKlNGLY, gradually, as liquid 
 sinks into the earth, &c. 
 
 A mannes enemies in battail are to be ouer- 
 comed with a carpenter's squaring axe, that 
 is to say, sokinyly, one pece after an other.
 
 SOAL 
 
 606 ) 
 
 SO I LURE 
 
 A common axe cutteth through at the first 
 choppe, a squaring axe by a little and a little, 
 werketh the same effecte. Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 309. 
 
 SOAL, to pull about : a Devon word. 
 Zom hoothr, heaviu', soalin', hawliu', 
 Zom in the muck aud pellum sprawlin'. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 155. 
 
 SOAL. See quotation. 
 
 I censured his light and ludicrous title of 
 " Dowu-Derry " modestly in these words : 
 " It were strange if he should throw a good 
 cast who soals his bowl upon an undersong ; " 
 alluding to that ordinary and elegant expres- 
 sion in our English tongue, " soal your bowl 
 well," that is, be careful to begin your work 
 vre\\.Bra,i,hall, ii. 366. 
 
 SOAP. Soft soap = persuasion ; flat- 
 tery (slang). 
 
 He aud I are great chums, and a little soft 
 soap will go a long way with him. Iluyhes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 SOAPLESS, without soap ; unwashed. 
 
 The offered hand of his new friend . . . was . 
 of a marvellously dingy and soapless aspect. 
 Lytton, Pelham, ch. xlix. 
 
 SOBER. The second extract explains 
 itself ; the first is curious, because sober 
 is so much used by us as meaning 
 temperate as regards drink, that to 
 speak of a woman being sober except 
 when she could get at liquor, reminds 
 one of Madam Blaize, who "never 
 followed wicked ways, except when she 
 was sinning." 
 
 Shee's as discreete a dame 
 
 As any in these countries, and as sober, 
 
 But for this onely humour of the cup. 
 
 Chapman, Gentleman f'sher, Act III. 
 
 Herald, saith he, tell the Lord Governor 
 and the Lord Huntley that we have entered 
 your country with a sober company (which 
 in the language of the Scots is poor aud 
 mean) : yonr army is both great and fresh. 
 Hiylin, Reformation, i. 90. 
 
 SOBERSIDES, a steady person. 
 
 You deemed yourself a melancholy sober- 
 sides enough ! Miss Fanshawe there regards 
 you as a second Diogenes. Miss Bronte, Gil- 
 lette, ch. xxviii. 
 
 SOCCATED, fastened in sockets. 
 
 Two whyte marble columns or pillers, 
 soccated in two foote steppes of black marble. 
 Survey of Maner of Wimbledon, 1649 
 (Arch., x. 404). 
 
 SOCIABLE, low phaeton. 
 The children went with their mother, to 
 their great delight, in the sociable. Miss 
 th, Belinda, ch. xix. 
 
 Cabs, hackney-coaches, " shay " carts, coal- 
 waggons, stages, omnibusses, sociables, gigs, 
 donkey-chaises . . . roll along at their ut- 
 most speed. Sketches by Boz (Greenwich 
 Fair). 
 
 SOCIETARIAN, social. 
 The all - sweeping besom of societarian 
 reformation, your only modern Alcides' club 
 to rid the time of its abuses, is uplift with 
 many-handed sway to extirpate the flutter- 
 ing tatters of the bugbear Mendicity from 
 the metropolis. Lamb, Essays of Elia (Decay 
 of Beggars). 
 
 SOCIETIE, alliance. 
 
 It no writer had recorded that we English- 
 men are descended from Germans, the true 
 and natural! Scots from the Irish, the Britons 
 of Armorica in France from our Britaus, 
 the sorietie of their tongues would easily 
 confirmethe same. Holland's Camden,p. 16. 
 
 SOCIETYLESS, without companions. 
 
 Had not this composition fit seized me, 
 societi/less, and bookless, and viewless as I 
 am. I know not how I could have whiled 
 away my being. Mad. D'Arblai/, Diary, 
 iv. 272. 
 
 SOCINIANIZE, to imbue with Socinian 
 doctrine. 
 
 I cannot be ordained before I have sub- 
 scribed and taken some oaths. Neither of 
 which will pass very well, if I am ever so 
 little Popishly inclined or Socinianis'd. T. 
 Brown, Works, i. 4. 
 
 SOFANE, pertaining to a sofa. 
 
 A sofa, of incomprehensible form regarded 
 from any aofane point of view, murmured, 
 " Bed." Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, vi. 
 
 SOFT, a fool. 
 
 It'll do you no good to sit in a spring-cart 
 o' your own, if you've got a soft to drive 
 you ; he'll soon turn you over into the ditch. 
 G. Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. ix. 
 
 SOFT-R'ODE, cowardly. 
 
 A souldier, and afraid of a dead man ? A 
 soft-r'ode milksop? Chapman, Ji'iddou-es 
 Teares, Act V. 
 
 SOFTY, a weak, silly person. 
 
 She were but a softy after all, for she left 
 off doing her work in a proper manner. 
 Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xv. 
 
 SOILURE. soil. N. has the word, with 
 quotation from Troiliis and Cressida, 
 IV. i., and adds, " This word has not 
 been found elsewhere ; but I am not 
 one of those who suspect Shakespeare 
 of coining words, and therefore think 
 it will be found."
 
 SOILY 
 
 ( 607 ) 
 
 SOL VABLE 
 
 Then fearing rust or soilure fashion'd for it 
 A case of silk. 
 
 Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
 
 SOILY, polluting or polluted ; dirty. 
 So spots of sinne the writer's soule did staine, 
 "Whose soylie tincture did therein remaine, 
 Till brinish teares had washt it out againe. 
 Fuller, David's Sinne, st. 32. 
 
 No, quoth the earnest Water, I desire 
 
 His soylie sinnes with delnges to scoure. 
 
 Ibid., David's Repentance, st. 4. 
 
 Nor let your boots be over clean, . . . your 
 linen rumpled and sor7y when you wait upon 
 her. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 93. 
 
 SOLOAT, soldier: a French word, 
 used as English. 
 
 Alarm, soldats, alarm e ; 
 Take blades in hand and brands of burning 
 
 yre. Hudson, Judith, v. 452. 
 
 SOLDATESQUE, soldierly. 
 
 He strode down Clavering High Street, 
 his hat on one side, his cane clanking on 
 the pavement, or waving round him in the 
 execution of military cuts and soldatesgue 
 manoeuvres. Thackeray, Pendennis, ch. xxii. 
 
 SOLDIER, to go or act as a soldier. 
 
 The reckless shipwrecked man, flung 
 ashore on the coast of the Maldives long 
 ago, while sailing and soldiering as Indian 
 fighter. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. I. 
 ch. vii. 
 
 He has proved himself so different from 
 me, and has done so much to raise himself 
 while I've been soldieriny. Dickens, Bleak 
 House, ch. Iv. 
 
 SOLDIER. To come the old soldier = 
 to try to take in. 
 
 I should think he was coming the old soldier 
 over me, and keeping up his game. But no 
 he can scarce have the impudence to think 
 of that. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ch. xviii. 
 
 Devilish well acted ! But you needn't try 
 to come the old soldier over me ; I'm not 
 quite such a fool as that. Hughes, Tom 
 Brown at Oxford, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 SOLDIER'S WIND. See quotation. 
 
 The breeze blowing dead off the laud was 
 " a soldier's wind, there and back again," for 
 either ship.Ktngsley, Westward Ho, ch. xix. 
 
 SOLE, a wooden collar round the" 
 neck of cattle to conline them to a 
 post. Tusser mentions, among " hus- 
 bandlie furniture," 
 
 Soles, fetters, and shackles, with horselock 
 and pad. Husbandrie, p. 38. 
 
 SOLERTIOUSNESS, subtlety ; clever- 
 ness. 
 
 The king confessed that they had hit upon 
 the interpretation of his secret meaning; 
 which abounded to the praise of Mr. Wil- 
 
 liams's solertiousness. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 22. 
 
 Let them plead their own learning and 
 able parts without traducing the gifts of 
 them that are excellently seen in theological 
 cases of conscience, and singularly rare in 
 natural solertiousness. Ibid., i. 200. 
 
 SOLICITATE, solicit. 
 
 [He] did urge and solicitate him, according 
 to his manner of words, to recant. Foxe, 
 quoted in Maitland on Reformation, p. 494. 
 
 SOLICITRIX, female petitioner. 
 
 The first motion he found in himself was 
 for the charming sollicitrix. T. Brown, 
 Works, iii. 43. 
 
 If the wife had not been the solicitrix and 
 undertaker for the great things her husband 
 was to perform, he could never have made 
 his way so effectually. North, Examen, p. 
 193. 
 
 When businesses of this nature want 
 shoulders at court to heave them forwards, 
 then great men and topping ladies (hopeful 
 solicitrixes) are taken in for shares, and so 
 let into the secret. North, Life of Loi'd 
 Guiljord, i. 207. 
 
 SOLITARIOUSNESS, solitude ; seclusion. 
 
 Dysiuge and cardynge haue ii tutours, the 
 one named Solltariousenes, whyche lurketh 
 in holes and corners, the other called Night, 
 an vngratiouse couer of noughtynesse. 
 Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 52. 
 
 SOLITARITY, solitude. 
 
 I shall be abandoned at once to solitarity 
 and penury. W. Taylor of Norwich, 1811 
 (Memoir, ii. 351). 
 
 SOLLEVATE, to raise ; excite. N. has 
 sullevate, with quotation from Daniel ; 
 he adds, " It seems rather a pedantic 
 affectation than a word ever in use." 
 
 I come to shew the fruits of connivance 
 or rather encouragement from the magis- 
 trates in the city upon other occasions to 
 sollevate the rabble. North, Examen, p. 114. 
 
 Fitzharris's [plot] was framed ... to blast 
 the king, arm the faction, sollevate the mob. 
 Ibid., p. 273. 
 
 SOLVABLE. The Diets, give this word 
 as meaning capable of being solved or 
 paid, and so Fuller uses it in the second 
 extract ; but in the others it means 
 capable of paying, or solvent. See 
 extract s. v. NICHILL. 
 
 It was collected generally of all solvable 
 housekeepers. Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. iii. 46. 
 
 Some of those corrodies (where the pro- 
 perty was altered into a set summe of 
 money) was solvable out of the exchequer. 
 Ibid., vi. p. 326. 
 
 Widows are commonly so wise as to be
 
 SOMERSET 
 
 ( 608 ) 
 
 SORTS 
 
 sure their men are solvalle before they trust 
 'em. jrycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 4. 
 
 SOMERSET, to turn head over heels. 
 
 Then the sly sheepe-biter issued into the 
 midst, and summersetted and fliptflappt it 
 twenty times above ground as light as a 
 feather. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 164). 
 
 In such extraordinary manner does dead 
 Catholicism somerset and caper, skilfully gal- 
 vanised. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Ft. II. Bk. IV. 
 ch. ii. 
 
 SOM NAMBDLAR, belonging to somnam- 
 bulism or sleep-walking. 
 We stand to meet thee on these Alpine 
 snows, 
 
 And while the palpitating peaks break out 
 Ecstatic from somnambular repose 
 
 "With answers to the presence and the 
 
 shout, 
 "We poets of the people, who take part 
 
 With elemental justice, natural right, 
 Join in our echoes also. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Napoleon III. in Italy. 
 
 SOMNIAL, pertaining to dreams. 
 
 To presage or foretell an evil, especially in 
 what coucerneth the exploits of the soul, in 
 matter of somnial divinations, is as much as 
 to say as that it giveth us to understand that 
 some dismal fortune or mischance is destiii- 
 ated or prepared for us. Urquhart, Rabelais, 
 Bk. III. ch. xiv. 
 
 SOMNIATORY, pertaining to dreams. 
 See quotation from Southey s. v. ONEI- 
 
 ROCRITE. 
 
 I shall to-morrow break my fast betimes 
 after my somniatory exercitations. Urqu- 
 hart's Rafielais, Bk. ill. ch. xiii. 
 
 SOMNIFIC, causing sleep. 
 
 The voice, the manner, the matter, even 
 the very atmosphere, and the streamy candle- 
 light were all alike somnific. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. vi. A 1. 
 
 SOMNIVOLENCY, a soporific ; some- 
 thing to incline to sleep. 
 
 If these somnivolencies (I hate the word 
 opiates on this occasion) have turned her 
 head, that is an effect they frequently have 
 upon some constitutions. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, v. 345. 
 
 SONLESS, without, or bereft of, sons. 
 
 Out of these, if the Emperour die so n-lefie, 
 a successor is chosen. Sandys, Travels, p. 171. 
 
 How many fatherless, brotherless, sonless 
 families have mourned all their lives the 
 unhappy resort to this dreadful practice. 
 Richardson, Grandison, i. 319. 
 
 SONNEKIX, little son. 
 The minister welcomed hym in Greke, and 
 myudiug tenderly and gently to salute with 
 
 this word -jratSiov, sonnekin, or little sonne, 
 tripped a little in his tongue, and by a 
 wrong pronunciation insteade of -n-aiSiov said 
 irai&io?, which being diuided into two woordes 
 jral <5io, souneth the sonne of Jupiter. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 233. 
 
 SONNETIZE, to celebrate in a sonnet. 
 Now could I sonnetize thy piteous plight. 
 Southey, Nondescripts, V. 
 
 SOPHISTRESS, a female sophist. 
 
 You seem to be a sophistress, you answer 
 so smartly. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 194. 
 
 Fa. Now you seem to play the sophist 
 with me. 
 
 En. Then do you play the tophutrest with 
 me. Ibid., p. 230. 
 
 SOPHISTRY, to reason sophistically, or 
 fallaciously. 
 
 It is well sophistried of you forsooth ; pre- 
 posterous are your judgements evermore. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 34. 
 
 SORCERING, exercising sorcery. 
 
 His trade of sorceriny had so inured him 
 to receive voices from his familiars in shape 
 of beasts that this event seemed not strange 
 to him. Hall, Contemplation (Balaam). 
 
 SORDIDITY, squalor ; dirt. 
 
 Swimming in suddes of all sordiditie. 
 Davies, Humours Heaven on Earth, p. 21. 
 Then how dare I (vile clod of base contempt) 
 
 Approch the presence of such Majesty, 
 That is from all impuritie exempt, 
 
 And I a sinck of all sordiditie ? 
 
 Ibid., Muse's Sacrifice, p. 19. 
 
 SORORIALLY, in a sisterly way. 
 
 " This way then, my dear sister," cried 
 Jane to the newcomer, and taking her sorori- 
 ally by the hand, she led her forth from the 
 oak parlour. Th. Hook, The Sutherlands. 
 
 SORRY, to grieve. 
 
 If he thundre, they quake ; if he chyde, 
 they feare ; if he complayne, they sory with 
 hym. Ascham, Torophilus, p. 42. 
 
 SORTILEGE, choosing by lot. L. has 
 the word, but no example. 
 
 She might have tossed up, having coins in 
 her pocket, heads or tails ! but this kind of 
 nortileye was then coming to be thought irre- 
 ligious in Christendom. I)e Quincey, Spanish 
 3', sect. 10. 
 
 SORTS. Out of sorts = indisposed ; 
 out of spirits. 
 
 Diana ! why girl, I say. adsme, you're all 
 out of sorts : I thought thy tongue aud heels 
 coulid never have been idle. Revenge, or a 
 Mutch in Newgate, Act IV. 
 
 I was most violently out of sorts, and really 
 had not spirits to answer it. Mad. D'Arllay, 
 Diary, i. 141.
 
 SOSBELL Y 
 
 ( 609 ) SPADE'S GRAFT 
 
 SOSBELLT, heavy belly ; fat. 
 
 What is thy idolatrous mas and lowsye 
 Latine seruice, thou sosbelly swilbol, but the 
 very draf of Antichrist, and dregges of the 
 deuil? Bale, Declaration of Banner's Articles 
 (Art. XXIX.). 
 
 SOTTERY ; folly. 
 
 Episcopacy, and so Presbytery had indeed 
 . . . suffered very much smut, soyle, darkness 
 and dishonour by the Tyrannies, Fedities, 
 Luxuries, Sotteries -and Insolencies of some 
 Bishops and other Churchmen under the 
 Papal pre valency. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 12. 
 
 SOUND. See extract ; Phaer's Virgil 
 appeared in 1558, but in 1525 Lord 
 Berners used sound in his translation of 
 Froissart. 
 
 Sonans is short, yeet sowning in English 
 must bee long ; and much more yf yt were 
 Sounding as thee ignorant generaly but falslye 
 dooe wryte ; nay, that where at I woonder 
 more, thee learned trip theyre nennes at this 
 stoaue, in so much as M. Phaerin thee verye 
 first verse of Virgil mistaketh thee woorde, 
 yeet sound and sowne differ as much in Eng- 
 lish as solidus and sonusin. Latin. Stanyhurst, 
 , Preface. 
 
 SOUND, to swoon : also a substantive. 
 H. remarks that it occurs as late as the 
 Vicar of Wakefield, ch. xi., but he 
 omits to observe that the speaker is 
 Miss Skeggs, and that therefore it was 
 probably meant, as it certainly is in the 
 still later passage from the Sp. Quixote, 
 for a vulgarism. But the first citation 
 shows that it was in use by the educated 
 some seventy years before. 
 
 I never saw a man before sound under an 
 argument, or discoursed into a calenture. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 304. 
 
 I was mortall sick, and troubled with the 
 gripes and the belly-ache, and I thought I 
 should have sounded away. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. VII. ch. i. 
 
 SOUNDER. H. has this word = a herd 
 of swine ; and I have given examples 
 of it in this sense s. w. HOGSTEER and 
 KOOKLER ; but in the subjoined the 
 meaning is different. 
 
 It had so happened that a sounder (i. e. in 
 the language of the period, a boar of only 
 two years old) had crossed the track of the 
 proper object of the chase. Scott, Quentin 
 Duncard, i. 180. 
 
 SOUR-CAKE, unleavened bread (V). 
 
 Fine folks they are to tell you what's 
 right, as look as if they'd never tasted no- 
 thing better than bacon-sword and sour-cake 
 i' their lives. G. Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. viii. 
 
 SOURCE, to spring. 
 
 They . . . never leave roaring it out with 
 their brazen home, as long as they stay, of 
 the freedomes and immunities sour sing from 
 him. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 
 163). 
 
 Sous. This French coin is often 
 spoken of now ; but it is pronounced as 
 a French word : not so in the extracts. 
 Next came the treasurer of either house, 
 One with full purse, t'other with not a sous. 
 Churchill, Rosciad, 310. 
 I've been chief Lion, and first Tiger here 
 
 For fifteen year ; 
 That, you may tell me, matters not a souse ; 
 
 But. what is more, 
 
 All London says, I am the greatest Boar 
 You ever had in all your House. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 30. 
 
 SOUTAGE, bagging for hops ; coarse 
 cloth. Tusser is giving directions for 
 the construction of a hop-manger. See 
 also extract s. v. HAIR-PATCH. 
 
 Take soutaye or haier (that covers the Kell) 
 Set like to a manger, and fastened well. 
 
 Tusser, Huslandrie, p. 136. 
 
 SOVERAINTESS, female sovereign. 
 O second honour of the lamps supernal, 
 Sure Calendar of festiuals eternal 
 Sea's Soueraintess, Sleep-briuger, Pilgrim's 
 
 Guide, 
 
 Peace-loving Queen ; what shall I say beside ? 
 Sylvester, Fourth day first weeke, 118. 
 
 SOW-BREAD, a plant of the genus 
 cyclamen. Of. SWINES - BREAD with 
 extract from Sylvester referring to the 
 antipathy between it and the colewort, 
 and to other stories about it. 
 
 The colewort has its enemy too ; for if it 
 be set near the herb called sow-bread (cycla- 
 mino) or wild marjoram (oriyano), it will 
 wither presently. Bailey's Erasmus's C'olloq., 
 p. 394. 
 
 SOW-DRUNK, beastly drunk. See 
 DAVY'S sow, though perhaps there is no 
 allusion to that phrase or story in this 
 expression. 
 
 Soa sow-drunk that tha doesn not touch 
 thy 'at to the Squire. Tennyson, Northern 
 Collier. 
 
 SPADE, a hart in the third year. 
 
 Your hart is the first year a calf, the second 
 year a brochet, the third year a spade, the 
 fourth year a stag, the fifth year a great stag, 
 the sixth year a hart. Return from Parnassus 
 (1606), ii. 5. 
 
 SPADE'S GRAFT, the depth a spade 
 goes in digging : a Cheshire word. 
 R K
 
 SPADO 
 
 ( 610 ) 
 
 SPARK 
 
 They [British relics] were discovered in 
 1827 near Guisborough, at about a " spade's 
 graft " beneath the surface. Proc. of Soc. 
 of'Antiq.,i. 30(1844). 
 
 SPADO, sword : a Latin word, but not 
 naturalized. 
 
 By St. Anthony you shall feel what mettle 
 my spado is made of (laying his hand to his 
 sword). Centlivre, Marplot in Lisbon, I. i. 
 
 SPALPEEN, an Irish term of contempt. 
 See extract s. v. BUCKEEN. 
 
 How many pigs be born to each spalpeen, 
 Hood, Irish Schoolmaster'. 
 
 I've brought away the poor spalpeen of a 
 priest, and have got him safe in the house. 
 Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xix. 
 
 SPALTAM. 
 
 "Why now there's your Susannah ; it could 
 not have produced you above twenty at 
 most, and by the addition of your lumber- 
 room diet, and the salutary application of 
 the spaltam pot, it became a Guido worth a 
 hundred and thirty pounds. Foote, Taste, 
 Act I. 
 
 SPANG, a violent motion, as a leap or 
 clutch ; also to throw violently. 
 
 Set roasted beef and pudding on the oppo- 
 site side o' the pit o' Tophet, and an English- 
 man will make a spang at it. Scott, Rob Roy, 
 ii. 164. 
 
 An I could but hae gotten some decent 
 claes on I wad hae slanged out o' bed. Ibid., 
 Old Mortality, ch. vii. 
 
 She came up to the table with a fantastic 
 spring, and spamjed down the sparkling mass 
 ou it. Reade, Never too late to mend, ch. Ixv. 
 
 He spanued that iu another direction. 
 Ibid. ' 
 
 SPANG-COCKLE, a childish game. See 
 quotation. 
 
 " Can you play at spany-cockle, my lord ? " 
 said the Prince, placing a nut on the second 
 joint of his forefinger, and spinning it off by 
 a smart application of the thumb. Scott, 
 Fair Maid of Perth, i. 221. 
 
 SPANGE, narrow portion. Cf. SPONG. 
 
 The West part of it joineth to the East side 
 by a very small spamje of land. Holland's 
 Camden, ii. 220. 
 
 SPANGLE, to glitter as with spangles. 
 
 Maskers . . . spanale and glitter for a time, 
 but 'tis through a tinsel. Maine, City Match, 
 Preface. 
 
 SPANIELESS, spaniel-bitch. 
 
 He spoke no more to the pupils nor to the 
 mistresses, but gave many an endearing word 
 to a small spanieless (if one may coin a word) 
 that nominally belonged to the house, but 
 virtually owned him as master. Miss Bronte, 
 Villettc, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 SPANIOLATK, to make Spanish : ac- 
 cording to the extract, a phrase of Sir 
 Philip Sidney's. 
 
 His jaundiced eyes could see nothing but 
 the Spanish element in her, or indeed in 
 anything else. As Gary said to him once, 
 using a cant phrase of Sidney's, which he 
 had picked up from Frank, all heaven and 
 earth were spaniolated to him. Kinysley, 
 Westward Ho, ch. xxvii. 
 
 SPANIOLIZE, to become a Spaniard, or 
 in the interests of Spain. Cf. SCOTIZE. 
 
 He was wholly Spaniolized, which could 
 not be unless he were a pensioner to that 
 state. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 134. 
 
 SPANISH, money (slang). The 
 "word" referred to in the second line 
 is money. 
 In one just at Death's door it was really 
 
 absurd 
 
 To see how her eye lighted up at that word ; 
 Indeed there's not one in the language that 
 
 I know, 
 (Save its synonyms, ' Spanish' 'Blunt,' 
 
 ' Stumpy,' and ' Rhino '), 
 Which acts so direct and with so much effect 
 On the human sensorium. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Old Woman in Grey). 
 
 SPANK, to strike, and so to urge. 
 How knowingly did he spank the horses 
 along. Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, 
 ch. v. 
 
 An' 'e spanks 'is 'and into mine. 
 
 Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 SPARELESS, unsparing. In the Battle 
 of Yvry, 522, Sylvester calls the Fates 
 " the sisters sparelesse." 
 
 Alas I could not hut even die for grief, 
 Should I but yield mine age's sweet relief, 
 My bliss, my comfort, and mine ey's delight, 
 Into the hands of hangmen's spareless spight. 
 Sylvester, The Fathers, 140. 
 
 SPARK, gay or bright creature. The 
 peculiarity in the extract is that the 
 word is applied to a woman. 
 
 I will wed thee 
 To my great widdowes daughter and sole 
 
 heire, 
 The louely sparke, the bright Laodice. 
 
 Chapman, Widdowes Teares, Act I. 
 
 SPARK. H. says this word occurs 
 several times in old plays in the sense 
 of diamond. No example is given in 
 this or the other Diets. In most of the 
 instances that I have observed spark 
 seems rather to mean precious stone, 
 the particular species being also ex- 
 pressed. In the first extract Mr. Dyce 
 conjectures " ruby-sparks." See also
 
 SPARK 
 
 SPATE-BONE 
 
 extract from Pepys, s.v. TURKEV-STONE. 
 It may, however, stand for diamond in 
 the passage from Shirley. 
 
 I'll grace them with achaplet made of pearl, 
 Set with choice rubies, sparks, and diamonds. 
 
 Greene, Geo-a-Greene, p. 255. 
 Good madam, what shall he do with a hoop 
 
 ring, 
 And a spark of diamond in it ? 
 
 Massinger, The Picture, ii. 2. 
 
 This Madona invites me to a banquet for 
 my discourse ; t'other Bona-roba sends me a 
 spark, a third a ruby, a fourth an emerald. 
 Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 
 For all the haft twinkled with diamond 
 
 sparks. Tennyson, Passing of Arthur. 
 
 SPARK. See extract. An American- 
 ism (?). 
 
 When his horse was seen tied to Van 
 Tassel's paling on a Sunday night, a sure 
 sign that his master was courting, or, as it is 
 termed, " sparking " within, all other suitors 
 passed by in despair. Irving, Sketch Book 
 {Sleepy Hollow). 
 
 SPARKIFY, to smarten np. 
 
 A sharp pointed hat 
 
 (Now that you aee the gallants all flat- 
 headed) 
 
 Appears not so ridiculous, as a yonker 
 Without a love-intrigue to introduce 
 And sparkify him there. 
 
 Lord Diyby, Elvira, Act III. 
 
 SPARLING, the smelt. L. explains 
 spurling as sparling, yet does not give 
 the latter word. 
 
 The gilden sparlings, when old winter's blast 
 Begins to threat, themselves together cast 
 In heaps like balls, and heating mutually 
 Live, that alone of the keen cold would die. 
 
 Sylvester, Fifth day, first week, 330. 
 He [the Gudgeon] is a daiuty fish, like or 
 nearly as good as the sparling. Lauson, 
 Comments on Secrets of Angling, 1653 (Eng. 
 Garner, i. 194). 
 
 SPARROW -MOUTHED, large -mouthed. 
 See quotation, s. v. SNAT-NOSED. 
 
 Can you fancy that black-a-top, snub- 
 nosed, sparrow - mouthed (ore pralargo), 
 paunch-bellied creature. Bailey's Erasmus, 
 p. 31. 
 
 SPARSE, thinly-scattered. L. (who 
 gives no example) says, " The word 
 passes for an Americanism, but the 
 editor saw it full five and thirty years 
 ago recommended by an English writer 
 as a good opposite to dense." Dr. 
 Latham probably refers to the article 
 Americanisms in the Penny Cyclopaedia 
 published in 1833, where, however, it 
 is, though recommended us an opposite 
 
 to dense, distinctly stated to be an 
 Americanism. 
 
 The congregation was very sparse. Reade, 
 Hard Cash, ch. v. 
 
 That information had somehow power 
 enough over Derouda to divide his thoughts 
 with the memories wakened among the 
 sparse taliths and keeu dark faces of wor- 
 shippers. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. Iv. 
 
 SPARSETTES. 
 
 To ye masyn for myudyng of crakes and 
 sparsettes, and mendyng of deffawtes. 
 Leverton Churchwardens' Accounts, 1517 
 (Archaol., xli. 346). 
 
 SPART, the dwarf rush. In Hol- 
 land's Pliny, Bk. xix., the second 
 chapter deals with " the nature ol! 
 spart or Spanish broome." 
 
 SPASE, to measure. (?) 
 
 My eleven weighed together four and a 
 half pounds three to the pound ; not good, 
 considering I had spased many a two-pound 
 fish, I know. C. Kingsley, Letter, May, 1856. 
 
 SPASMODIST, one of the spasmodic 
 school ; one whose work is of an 
 uneven, irregular character. 
 
 Mozart declared on his death-bed that he 
 " began to see what may be done in music ; " 
 and it is to be hoped that De Meyer and the 
 resb of the spasmodists will eventually begiu 
 to understand what may not be done in this 
 particular branch of the Fine Arts. E. A. 
 Poe, Marginalia, xxxvii. 
 
 SPAT, spawned. L. has the word as 
 a substantive. 
 
 With a knife they raise the small breed 
 [of oysters] from the Cultch ; and then they 
 throw the Cultch in again, to preserve the 
 ground for the future, unless they be so 
 newly spat that they cannot be safely sever'd 
 from the Cultch. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. 
 Britain, i. 9. 
 
 SPATE, torrent. 
 
 In this year likewise the bridge over the 
 Brawl burn was built ; a great convenience 
 in the winter- time to the parishioners that 
 lived on the north side, for when there hap- 
 pened to be a spait on the Sunday, it kept 
 them from the kirk. Gait, Annals of the 
 Parish, ch. xxxi. 
 
 The last tall son of Lot and Bellicent, 
 And tallest, Gareth, in a showerful spring 
 Stared at the spate. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 SPATE-BONE, shoulder-bone. 
 
 To humble the Cardinal's pride, some 
 afterwards set up on a window a painted 
 Mastiff-dog gnawing the spate-bone of a 
 shoulder of mutton to minde the Cardinal of 
 his extraction, being the sou of a butcher. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., V. i. 32. 
 
 R R 2
 
 SPEAK 
 
 ( 612 ) SPENCER WIG 
 
 SPEAK, speech ; utterance. Stany- 
 hurst (^En., Dedication), having quoted 
 some instances of absurd poetry, says, 
 " Haue not theese men made a f ayre 
 speake ? " 
 
 SPEAR, ear of corn. 
 
 Tell me the motes, dust, sands, and speares 
 Of corn, when Summer shakes his eares. 
 Herrick, Noble Numbers, p. 364. 
 
 SPEC, abbreviation of speculation. 
 
 A gentleman whom you knew very well, 
 Malderton, before you made that first lucky 
 spec of yours, called at our shop. Sketches 
 ly Boz (Horatio Sparkins). 
 
 He had engaged in this adventure (by 
 which better word our forefathers designated 
 what the Americans call a spec) with the 
 hope of increasing his fortune. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. clxxiii. 
 
 If tradesmen will run up houses on spec 
 in a water-meadow, who can stop them ? 
 Kinysley, Two Years Ayo, ch. xxv. 
 
 SPECIALIST, one who devotes himself 
 exclusively to a particular art or study. 
 
 Deronda, like his neighbours, had regarded 
 Judaism as a sort of eccentric fossilised 
 form, which an accomplished man might 
 dispense with studying, and leave to special- 
 ists. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxii. 
 
 SPECIE. In specie in kind ; usu- 
 ally applied to coin as distinguished 
 from paper-money. 
 
 He loved me with passion ; and, as I could 
 not pay him in specie, I endeavoured to sup- 
 ply my want of affection to him by attention 
 and assiduities. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 294. 
 
 SPECIFIAL, specific. 
 They . . . ought first to put in a specifial 
 charge, and the Reus or Defendant first be 
 
 called to his answer. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 j * * ' j j 
 
 liams, 11. 151. 
 
 It took away the power and priviledges, 
 that is, not the plumes and feathers, the 
 remote accidents, but the very specifial form, 
 essence, and being of a Parliament. Ibid 
 ii. 176. 
 
 SPECS, a common abbreviation of 
 spectacles. 
 
 He wore green specs with a tort jis>shell rim. 
 Ingoldsby Ley ends (Knight and Lady). 
 
 SPECTABLE, visible ; remarkable. 
 
 The biasing starr was not more spectable in 
 our horizon, nor gave people more occasion 
 of talke. Tom Tell-Troath, 1622 (Harl. 
 Misc., ii. 424). 
 
 Their prayers were at the corners of 
 Btreets ; such corners where divers streets 
 met, and so more spectable to many passen- 
 gers. Adams, i. 104. 
 
 SPECTRALITY, anything of a spectral 
 nature. 
 
 "What is he doing here in inquisitorial san- 
 benito, with nothing bnt ghastly specialities 
 prowling round him ? Carlyle, Life of 
 Sterling, Pt. I. ch. i. 
 
 SPECTRED, haunted with spectres or 
 visions. 
 
 The spectred solitude of sleep. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 44. 
 
 SPEECHIFIES, one who makes speeches. 
 
 This expert speechifier, this ever idle, ever 
 busy scamperer, our heroine despatched to 
 engage a neighbouring family to pay her a 
 morning visit the next day. Miss Edyeworth, 
 Manoeuvriny, ch. viii. 
 
 A county member need have very little 
 trouble in that way, and both out of the 
 House and in it is liked the better for not 
 being a speechifier. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, 
 ch xliv. 
 
 SPEECHIFY, to make a speech. 
 
 Dost not see what purferrnent neighbour 
 Grogram has got ; why, man, 'tis all brought 
 about by his speechifying. Foote, The Orators, 
 Act I. 
 
 At a political dinner everybody is disagree- 
 able and inclined to speechify. Sketches by 
 Boz (Public Dinners). 
 
 SPEED, to kill. 
 
 [Aruns] set spurs to his horse, and ran 
 amain with full carreer upon the Consul his 
 own person, intending certainly to speed him. 
 Holland, Livy, p. 39. 
 
 SPEIGHT, a bird of the woodpecker 
 kind. 
 
 Eue walking forth about the forrests gathers 
 Speiyhts, parrots, peacocks, estrich scat- 
 tered feathers. 
 
 Sylvester, Handie Crafts, 157. 
 
 SPELL. To spell at or for a thing = 
 to try for it in an indirect manner. 
 Syntax with native keenness felt 
 At what the cunning tradesman spelt. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iv. 
 
 SPELLABLE, capable of being spelt. 
 
 The book for one thing was hailed by a 
 universal choral blast from all manner of 
 reviews and periodical literatures that Europe 
 in all its spellable dialects had. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iv. 69. 
 
 SPENCER- WIG, a wig, presumably so 
 called, like the garment, after the per- 
 son who set the fashion. 
 
 He was dressed in a blue frock with a gold 
 button, a green silk waistcoat trimmed with 
 gold, black velvet breeches, white silk stock- 
 ings, silver buckles, a gold - laced hat, a 
 spencer iriy, and a silver-hilted hanger, with
 
 SPENDITORE ( 613 ) 
 
 SPIRITER 
 
 a fine clouded cane in his hand. Smollett, 
 Roderick Random, ch. xv. 
 
 SPENDITORE, a treasurer or clerk : one 
 of several Italian words used by Roger 
 North as though they were English. 
 
 One single witness was produced, a sort of 
 clerk or spenditore. North, Examen, p. 519. 
 
 They settled their officers, spenditores, and 
 architects, and each clubster was free to 
 suggest his whim. Ibid., p. 575. 
 
 SPHERAL, pertaining to the spheres ; 
 planetary. 
 
 Fortune, . . . calm and aloft amongst 
 the other angelic powers, revolves her 
 spheral course, and rejoices in her beatitude. 
 Lytton, Cantons, Bk. XIV. ch. i. 
 
 SPICE-PLATE. H., who gives no ex- 
 ample, says, " It was formerly the cus- 
 tom to take spice with wine, and the 
 plate on which the spice was laid was 
 termed the spice-plate." 
 
 There was a void [i. e. collation] of spice- 
 plates and wine. Coronation of Anne Boleyn 
 (Eng. Garner, ii. 50). 
 
 SPIDERED, infested by spiders ; cob- 
 webbed. 
 
 Content can visit the poor spidered room. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 39. 
 
 SPIFLICATE, kill : jocose corruption 
 perhaps of suffocate. 
 
 So out with your whinger at once, 
 And scrag Jane while I spijlicate Johnny. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Bales in the Wood). 
 
 SPIFLICATION, a jocose word for an- 
 nihilation, or at least heavy punish- 
 ment (slang). 
 
 Whose blood he vowed to drink the 
 Oriental form of threatening spijlication. 
 Burton, El Medina and Meccah, i. 204. 
 
 SPIGURNELL. See extract. The 
 officer was so called (says Bailey) from 
 Galf ridus Spigurnel, who was appointed 
 to that office by Henry III. 
 
 These Bohuns . . . were by inheritance for 
 a good while the king's spigurnells, that is, 
 the seelers of his writs. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 312. 
 
 SPILLSBURY. To come home by 
 Spillsbury = to fail. There are many 
 phrases which pun on the names of 
 places. Cf. other instances s. v. BED- 
 FORDSHIRE. 
 
 His Majesty bewailed that his grand- 
 children, then young and tender, would be 
 very chargeable to England when they grew 
 to be men. It was their sole refuge ; they 
 might seek their fortune in another place 
 
 and come home by Spillsbury. Racket, Life 
 of Williams, i. 208. 
 
 SPILTERS, the small branches on 
 stag's head. 
 
 Such silly coxcombs ... deserve to wear 
 such branch 'd horns, such spilters and troch- 
 ings on their heads, as that goodly stagg 
 bears which you see browsing among those 
 trees. Hoicell, Parly of Beasts, p. 62. 
 
 SPIN, to supply continuously : so we 
 speak of a man spinning a yarn. 
 
 Spatious pastures, and flockes of cattell 
 spinning forth milke abundantly. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 279. 
 
 SPINDLE-TWIRL. 
 
 About the middle of the body was a 
 bronze finger-ring, and a stone spindle-tmrl. 
 Archasol., xxxvi. 135 (1855). 
 
 SPINELESS, limp ; without a spine. 
 
 A whole family of Sprites, consisting of a 
 remarkably stout father and three spineless 
 sons. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, iv. 
 
 SPINSTRESS, a female spinner. The 
 Grecian spinstress in the first extract = 
 Penelope ; in the second, spinstress = 
 a woman who has to work for her 
 living. 
 
 Let meaner souls by virtue be cajoled, 
 
 As the good Grecian spinstress was of old. 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 10. 
 
 Your father bore title and escutcheon, but 
 was not your mother a chambermaid? . . . 
 You are a kind of Mulattoe, European on 
 the one side, and savage on the other ; i. e. 
 a compound of gentleman and spinstress. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 149. 
 
 SPIRABLE, able to be breathed or in- 
 haled. 
 
 The spirable odor and pestilent steame 
 ascending from it put him out of bis bias of 
 congruity. Nashe, Lenten Stvffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 173). 
 
 SPIRIT, to breathe ; inspire. See s. v. 
 CHRISTED. 
 
 God hath hewn us all out of one rock, 
 tempered all our bodies of one clay, and 
 spirited our souls of one breath. Adams, i. 
 83. 
 
 SPIRITATIES. The Italian Spiritato 
 = one mad or possessed with an evil 
 spirit. 
 
 Did we never know, before these new Illu- 
 minates and Spiritaties rose up, what be- 
 longed to the humble seeking, the happy 
 finding, and holy acquaintance with God ? 
 Gauden, Tears of the Cliurch, p. 195. 
 
 SPIRITER, abductor ; one who spirits 
 another away.
 
 SriRlTL 1 
 
 ( 614 
 
 SPLENDENCY 
 
 AVhile the poor boy, half dead with fear, 
 Writh'd back to view his spinier. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 257. 
 
 SPIRITLY, spirited. 
 
 Pride, you know, must be foremost ; and 
 that comes out like a Spaniard, with daring 
 look, and a tongue thundering out braves, 
 mounted on a spiritly jennet named Inso- 
 lence. Adams, h. 420. 
 
 SPIRITUALTY. Daniel in the extract 
 speaks of the Pope under this title : the 
 usual term of course is Holiness. 
 
 The King of France whom hee had excom- 
 municated . . . shortly after so wrought as 
 his Spiritualty was surprized at Anague. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 168. 
 
 SPIRKET, a large wooden peg. See 
 H. s. v. sperket. 
 
 High on the spirket there it hung. 
 
 Bloomfteld, Tlie Hot-key. 
 
 SPIT, to rain slightly. 
 
 It had been " spitting " with rain for the 
 last half-hour, and now began to pour in 
 good earnest. Sketches by Boz (Steam Ex- 
 cursion). 
 
 SPIT. The comparison in the extracts 
 explains itself. 
 
 Twoo girles, . . the one as like an owle, the 
 other as like an urchin, as if they had beene 
 spitte out of the mouthes of them. Breton, 
 Merry Wonders, p. 8. 
 
 Nay, I'm as like my dad, in sooth, 
 As he had spit me out on's mouth. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, 
 
 p. 278. 
 
 Poor child ! he's as like his own dadda as 
 if he were spit out of his mouth. Farqithar, 
 Love and a Bottle., i. 1. 
 
 SPIT, to plant ; place in the ground. 
 Bailey gives "Spit-deep, us much ground 
 in depth as may be dug up in depth at 
 once with a spade." 
 
 Saffron ... in the moneth of July, . . . when 
 the heads thereof have been plucked up, and 
 after twenty days spitted or set againe under 
 mould. Holland's Canute n, p. 453. 
 
 SPIT SIXPENCES, to be thirsty. See 
 N. s. v. spit white. 
 
 He had thought it rather a dry discourse ; 
 and beginning to spit sixpences (as his saying 
 was), he gave hints to Mr. AVildgoose to stop 
 at the first public-house they should come to. 
 Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. IV. ch. vi. 
 
 SPITS-COCKED, usually written spitch- 
 cocked, and r.pplied to eels split long- 
 wise, and broiled with egg, bread 
 crumbs, &c. The form of the word in 
 the extract seems to suggest that the 
 
 cooking took place on a spit, but this 
 could hardly be. 
 
 The first course consisted of a huge plat- 
 ter ful of scorpions spits-cocked. T. Brown, 
 Works, ii. 221. 
 
 SPITTING-SHEET. 
 
 To bed this night, having first put up a 
 spittiny-sheet, which I find very convenient. 
 Pepys, Nov. 21, 1662. 
 
 SPITTLE-MAN, a jail-bird ; one who 
 lives in the spittle. 
 
 Good Preachers that line ill (like Spittle-men) 
 Are perfect in the way they neuer went. 
 Davies, Summa Totalis, p. 26. 
 
 SPLASH-BOARD, a guard in front of a 
 carriage for keeping off splashes. 
 
 I was his conscience, and stood on the 
 splash-board of his triumph-car, whispering, 
 Hominem memento te. Thackeray, Rounda- 
 bout Papers, iv. 
 
 SPLASHY, damp and moist. 
 
 Not far from hence is Sedgemore, a watry, 
 splashy place. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 ii. 34. 
 
 It led me aslant over the hill, through a 
 wide bog which would have been impassable 
 in winter, and was splashy and shaking even 
 now in the height of summer. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xxviii. 
 
 SPLATTERDASHES, leggings : usually 
 written spatterdashes. 
 
 A modern figure of a soldier with splatter- 
 da sites,* tremendous cocked hat, and a goodly 
 long pig-tail. /. A. Repton, 1832 (Archaol., 
 xxiv. 189). 
 
 SPLATTER- FACED, broad or flat faced. 
 A splatter-faced wench neither civil nor 
 nimble. 
 
 Huyhes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. vi. 
 
 SPLAY- MOUTH ED, wide - mouthed. 
 Dryden is quoted in the Diets, for the 
 substantive. 
 
 These solemn, splay-mouth 1 d gentlemen, 
 Madam, says I, only do it to improve in 
 natural philosophy. T. Brown, Works, ii.271. 
 
 SPLEEN, to dislike. 
 
 Sir T. Wentworth spleen'd the bishop for 
 offering to bring his rival into favour. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 83. 
 
 SPLKENED, angry ; annoyed. R. and 
 L. have the word = deprived of the 
 spleen, with a quotation from Arbuth- 
 not. 
 
 The author ... is manifestly spleened at 
 the force with which they wrote and preached 
 in the controversy. North, Examen, p. 326. 
 
 SPLENDENCY, splendour.
 
 SPLENDIAN ( 6 
 
 For thyself, my Lollia, 
 Not Lollia Paulina, nor those blazing stars, 
 Which make the world the apes of Italy, 
 Shall match thyself in sun-bright splendency. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act I. 
 
 SPLENDIAN, splendid (?). 
 
 From the time of his predecessor Dr. 
 Russel, that was Lord Chancellor of England, 
 and sat there in the days of Edward the 
 fourth, and laid out much upon that place, 
 none that followed him, no, not Splendian 
 Woolsey, did give it any new addition. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 29. 
 
 SPLENDIDOUS, splendid. The Diets, 
 give splendidious as peculiar to Drayton. 
 
 Worshipful merchants, ay, and senators 
 too, . . ever since my arrival have detained 
 me to their uses by their splendidous liber- 
 alties. Jonson, Fox, ii. 1. 
 
 SPLENDIFEROUS, splendid or splen- 
 dour-bearing. 
 
 O tyme most joyf ull, daye most splendiferus ! 
 The clereness of heauen now apereth vnto vs. 
 Bale, Enterlude of Johan Bapt., 1538 
 (Harl. Misc., i. 113). 
 
 SPLENT, a swelling on the shank-bone 
 of a horse. L. has the word with a 
 quotation from a Farrier's Diet.; a more 
 classical authority will be found s. v. 
 FASHION. 
 
 SPLICE, to join ; and so, to marry. 
 
 Alfred and I intended to be married in 
 this way almost from the first ; we never 
 meant to be spliced in the humdrum way of 
 other people. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xl. 
 
 If you advise me to be spliced, why don't 
 you get spliced yourself ? a handsome fellow 
 like you can be at no loss for an heiress. 
 Lytton, What will he do icith it ? Bk. IV. 
 ch. ix. 
 
 SPLIT, to tell a secret (slang). 
 
 Don't let Emmy know that we have split, 
 else she'll be savage with us. Th. Hook, The 
 Sutherlands. 
 While his man being caught in some fact 
 
 (The particular crime I've forgotten), 
 When he came to be hanged for the act, 
 
 Split, and told the whole story to Cotton. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Babes in the Wood). 
 
 You're afraid of my making you split upon 
 some of your babbling just now, are you ? 
 Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. xxiv. 
 
 SPLIT-NEW, brand-new. 
 
 There cannot be a greater evidence of the 
 deplorable ignorance of the clergy, in these 
 times, in the ancient records of the Church, 
 than their suffering Melville and his party 
 to obtrude upon them the Second Book of 
 Discipline a split-new democratir.al system, a 
 very farce of novelties, never heard of before 
 
 5 ) SPONGELESS 
 
 in the Christian Church. Bp. Sage, quoted 
 in Harinyton's Notes on Ch.of Scotland,p. 25. 
 
 SPODOMANTIC, divining by ashes. 
 
 The poor little fellow buried his hands in 
 his curls, and stared fiercely into the fire, as 
 if to draw from thence omens of his love by 
 the spodomantic augury of the ancient Greeks. 
 Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. vii. 
 
 SPOFFISH, bustling. 
 
 A little spoffish man with green spectacles 
 entered the room. Sketches by Boz (Horatio 
 Sparkins). 
 
 He invariably spoke with astonishing 
 rapidity ; was smart, spoffish, and eight-and- 
 twenty. Ibid. (Steam Excursion). 
 
 SPOIL-PAPER, a scribbler. 
 Touching the State, Ambassadors, or Kings, 
 My Satyre shall not touch such sacred 
 
 things : 
 
 Nor list I purchase penance at that rate 
 As some Spoile-papers have dearly done of 
 
 late. 
 A. Holland (Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 81). 
 
 SPOKE, to put a spoke in a person's 
 wheel or cart = to thwart him, or do 
 him a dis-service. 
 
 He had a strong and a very stout heart, 
 And look'd to be made an emperor for't, 
 But the Divel did set a spoke in his cart. 
 
 Merry Drollerie, p. 224. 
 There's a spoke in your wheel, you stuck-up 
 little old Duchess. Thackeray, JVciccomes, 
 ch. ix. 
 
 It seems to me it would be a poor sort of 
 religion to put a spoke in his wheel by refus- 
 ing to say you don't believe such harm of 
 him as you've got no good reason to believe. 
 G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xiii. 
 
 SPONDIACK, spondaic, which is the 
 usual form, belonging to or consisting 
 of spondees. 
 
 Which words serve well to make the verse 
 all spondiacke or iambicke, but not in dactil. 
 Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. II. ch. xiii. 
 
 SPONG, an irregular narrow projecting 
 part of a field (Halliwell), cf. SPANGE. 
 
 Shiloh succeeds, in a narrow southern spong 
 of this tribe. Fuller, Pisyah Sight, II. ix. 13. 
 
 They dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, . . . 
 a spong of ground somewhat nigh a thousand 
 miles, (perchance not so entire but inter- 
 rupted with other nations), and not bearing 
 a proportionable breadth. Ibid., IV. ii. 11. 
 
 The tribe of Judah with a narrow spong 
 confined on the kingdom of Edom. Ibid., 
 IV. ii. 36. 
 
 SPONGELESS, without a sponge. 
 
 My sponge being left behind at the last 
 Hotel, I made the tour of the little town to 
 buy another . . . What I sought was no 
 more to be found than if I had sought a
 
 SPOOL 
 
 ( 616 ) 
 
 SPRUCIFY 
 
 nngget of Californian gold, so I went sponge- 
 less. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, xxv. 
 
 SPOOL, piece of wood to wind yarn 
 upon. 
 
 He continued to throw the shuttle, whilst 
 his little boy and wife by turns wound spnola 
 for him. Miss Edgeworth, The Dun, p. 305. 
 
 That's a spool to wind a speech on. G. 
 Eliot, Felix Holt, ch. ii. 
 
 SPOON-NET, a net for landing fish. 
 
 "We show them where the fish lie, and then 
 when they've hooked them, they can't get 
 them out without us and the spoon-net. 
 C. Kinysley, Yeast, ch. iii. 
 
 SPOONY, a simpleton. L. has the word, 
 but only as an adjective. 
 
 I began the process of ruining myself in 
 the received style, like any other spoony. 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xv. 
 
 SPOOR, see extract. 
 
 In this drift the shield was found, being 
 forced to the surface by the spoor, the im- 
 plement used in ballasting. Archaol. xxvii. 
 299 (iv. 38). 
 
 SPORT, to put forward, bring into 
 prominence. To sport the oak or the 
 door is to fasten it, so that it confronts 
 visitors. 
 
 Stop that, till I see whether the door is 
 > ported. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. xiii. 
 
 SPORTABIUTY, playfulness. 
 
 I have something within me which cannot 
 bear the shock of the least indecent insinu- 
 ation ; in the ^portability of chit-chat I have 
 often endeavoured to overcome it. Sterne, 
 Sent. Journey, The Passport. 
 
 SPORTABLE, presentable ; natural. 
 
 By the many sudden transitions all along 
 from one kind and cordial passion to another, 
 in getting thus far on his way, he had lost 
 the sportable key of his voice which gave 
 sense and spirit to his tale. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, vi. 115. 
 
 SPORTANCE, sport, gaiety. 
 Then round in a circle our sportance must 
 
 be; 
 
 Hold hands in a hornpipe, all gallant in glee. 
 Peele, Arraignmenl of Paris, I. i. 
 
 SPORTING-PIECE, plaything. 
 
 Here I am again ! a poor sporting-piece for 
 the great ; a mere tennis-ball of fortune. 
 Richardson, Pamela, ii. 35. 
 
 SPOUSE-BED, marriage. 
 fipovse-bed spotless laws of God allow. 
 fh/lvester, Eden, 669. 
 
 SPOUT, to pawn (slang) : the refer- 
 ence is to the spout or shoot down which 
 
 pawnbrokers send the pledges to their 
 receptacles. 
 
 The dons are going to spout the college 
 plate. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. 
 xxiv. 
 
 SPRAINT, otter's dung. See extract 
 s. v. CROTELLS. 
 
 Two or three more gentlemen, tired of 
 Trebooze's absurdities, are scrambling over 
 the rocks above in search of spraints . . . 
 " Over ! " shouts Tom, " there's the fresh 
 spraint on our side." C. Kinysley, Two Years 
 Ac/o, ch. xviii. 
 
 SPREE, frolic. 
 
 John Blower, honest man, as sailors are 
 aye for some spree or another, wad take me 
 ance to see ane Mrs. Siddons. Scott, St. 
 Ponan's Well, ii. 10. 
 
 SPRIG, smart, well-trimmed. 
 
 Fair Daphne, his coy Miss, 
 "Would never like that face of his, 
 For all he wears his beard so sprig, 
 And has a fine gold perriwig. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 234. 
 
 SPRINGE, active. 
 
 The Squire 's pretty springe, considering 
 his weight. G. Eliot, Silas Marner, ch. xi. 
 
 SPRINGING, fresh; suddenly arising. 
 
 His Majesty likewise presently requires 
 the stay of the delivery of the Proxy, until 
 he had sufficient assurance for the restitution 
 of the Palatinate: which your Lordships 
 will remember to be no new or springing 
 condition, but the very same that is urged 
 before. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 183. 
 
 SPRINGLE, a trap for birds. 
 
 But the sheep-shearing came, and the hay- 
 season next, and then the harvest of small 
 corn ; . . . and the stacking of the fire-wood, 
 and netting of the woodcocks, and the sprin- 
 c/les to be minded in the garden and by the 
 hedgerows, where blackbirds hop to the 
 molehills in the white October mornings, 
 and grey birds come to look for snails at the 
 time when the sun is rising. Blackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. ix. 
 
 SPRINKE, smart. 
 
 A sprinke youth that as farre as his money 
 would serve him did pricke toward the mar- 
 chant. Breton, Merry Wonders, p. 9. 
 
 SPRUCIFY, to smarten. 
 
 A hood of marten skins, each side whereof 
 had the resemblance of an ape's face, spruci- 
 Jled up with ears of pasted paper. Urquhart, 
 Ralielais, Bk. III. ch. xxxvii. 
 
 The hardy adventures of Rhime and 
 Meetre in this squeamish humoursome age, 
 ought to fprucifte their thoughts with all the 
 decorum aud embellishments of language. 
 Cotton, Scarronides, Preface.
 
 SPRUNG 
 
 ( 617 ) SQUINT-MINDED 
 
 SPRUNG. Aubrey gives a receipt 
 To cure a beast that is sprung (that is) 
 poisoned. Misc., p. 138. 
 
 SPUME, to foam. L. has the verb 
 without example. R. also gives it = 
 "to scour, as a fleet of warlike ships, 
 the sea. Our verb in all the examples 
 found is written spoom." 
 
 At a blow bee lustelye swapping 
 Thee wyne fresh spuming with a draught 
 swild vp to the bottom. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 726. 
 
 SPURRY, forked or spiked, like the 
 rowels of a spur. 
 His crested helmet grave and high had next 
 
 triumphant place 
 On his curl'd head, and like a star it cast a 
 
 spurry ray. Chapman, Iliad, xix. 367. 
 
 SQUAB, curt ; abrupt. 
 
 "We have returned a squab answer, retort- 
 ing the infraction of treaties. Walpole to 
 Mann, iii. 125 (1756). 
 
 He immediately applied for a court-mar- 
 tial, but was told it was impossible now, as 
 the officers necessary are in Germany. This 
 was in writing from Lord Holderness, but 
 Lord Ligonier in words was more squab. 
 " If he wanted a court-martial, he might go 
 seek it in Germany." Ibid., iii. 338 (1759). 
 
 SQUABASH, to kill ; to put an end to 
 (slang). 
 
 Harry the Sixth who, instead 
 Of being squabash'd, as in Shakespeare we've 
 
 read, 
 
 Caught a bad influenza, and died in his bed. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (House- Warming). 
 
 SQUAD, sloppy mud. 
 
 An' I coom'd neck -an -crop soomtimes 
 slaiipe down i' the squad an' the muck. 
 Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 SQUAD. See extract. The word is 
 Cornish. 
 
 " The first thing which I can distinctly 
 remember is the being pet, along with a 
 number of children of my own age, to pick 
 and wash loose ore of tin mixed with the 
 earth, which in those days we used to call 
 shoad or squad. I don't know what you call 
 it now." ""We call it squad to this clay, 
 master," interrupted one of the miners. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Lame Jervas, ch. i. 
 
 SQUAIL, to throw at cocks ; a cruel 
 sport, for which Shrove Tuesday was 
 the great day. See extract s. v. COCK- 
 BREAD. 
 
 SQUAMY, scaly. Nashe, Lenten Stujfe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 160) calls the herring 
 " captaine of the squamy cattell." The 
 Diets, have squamous. 
 
 SQUARE, to strut. 
 
 No cost was spared to set out these costly 
 breeches, who had girt unto them a rapyer 
 and dagger gilt point pendante; as quaintly 
 as if some curious Florentine had trickte 
 them up to square it up and downe the 
 streets before his mistresse. Greene, (Juip 
 for an Upstart Courtier, 1592 (Harl. Misc., 
 v. 397). 
 
 SQUAREMAN, one who cuts and squares 
 stone. 
 
 How many hammermen and squaremen, 
 bakers and brewers, washers and wringers, 
 over this France, must ply their old daily 
 work, let the Government be one of terror 
 or one of joy. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. 
 V. ch. i. 
 
 SQUARISH, something of a square 
 shape, but not precisely square. 
 
 He found a squarish hole cut in the solid 
 chalk. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 319. 
 
 SQUATTER, to waddle (?) ; to stray (?). 
 
 Take up that pity, Miss de Bassompierre ; 
 take it up in both hands, as you might a 
 little callow gosling squattering out of bounds 
 without leave. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. 
 xxv. 
 
 SQUAWK, squeak. 
 
 Gerard gave a little squawk, and put his 
 fingers in his ears. Reade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, ch. xxvi. 
 
 SQUEAKLET, little squeak. 
 
 List to the reviews and organs of public 
 opinion . . . here chaunting Io-p(eans ; there 
 grating harsh thunder or vehement shrew- 
 mouse squeaklets, till the general ear is filled 
 and nigh deafened. Carlyle, Misc., iii. 49. 
 
 SQUEEZABLE, malleable ; compress- 
 ible. 
 
 You are too versatile and too sqtteezable, 
 . . . you take impressions too readily. 
 Savage, R. Medlicott, Bk. I. ch. ix. 
 
 SQUIB, to squirt ; inject. 
 
 He squibs in this parenthesis. Fuller, 
 Hist, of Camb. Univ., i. 52. 
 
 SQUIBBISH, slight ; flashy. Southey's 
 quotation is from Mace' s Music s Monu- 
 ment (1676). 
 
 Nothing in this opus corresponds to Mas- 
 ter Mace's Toys or Jiggs, which are " light, 
 squibbish things only fit for fantastical and 
 easy, light-headed people." Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. xciv. 
 
 SQUINT-MINDED, deceitful; crooked- 
 minded. 
 
 You and I both are far more worthy of 
 pardon than a great rabble of squint-minded 
 fellows, dissembling and counterfeit saints. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxxiv.
 
 SQUIRALITY 
 
 ( 618 ) 
 
 STAG 
 
 SQUIRALITY, squirearchy. 
 
 I would effectually provide .... that such 
 weight and influence be put thereby into the 
 hands of the squirality of my kingdom, as 
 should counterpoise what I perceive my no- 
 bility are now taking from them. Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, i. 98. 
 
 SQUIREAGE. landed, untitled gentry. 
 
 As prosperous at this moment as the Eng- 
 lish Peerage and Squireage, De Morgan, 
 Budget of Paradoxes, p. 46. 
 
 SQUIREARCHICAL, pertaining to the 
 squirearchy, or the rule and power ex- 
 ercised by the landed interest. 
 
 The question had been really local ; viz. 
 whether the Lansmere interest should or 
 should not prevail over that of the squire- 
 archichal families who had alone hitherto 
 ventured to oppose it. Lytton, My Novel, 
 Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 SQUIREEN, a petty squire : an Irish 
 term. See BUCKEEN. 
 
 Squireens are persons who, with good long 
 leases or valuable farms, possess incomes 
 from three to eight hundred a year, who 
 keep a pack of hounds, take out a commis- 
 sion of the peace, sometimes before they can 
 spell (as her ladyship said), and almost 
 always before they know anything of law or 
 justice. Miss Edyeworth, Absentee, ch. vii. 
 
 A small squireen cursed with six or seven 
 hundreds a year of his own, never sent to 
 school, college, or into the army, he bad 
 grown up in a narrow circle of squireens like 
 himself. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. viii. 
 
 SQUIRELET, petty squire. Tennyson 
 has sguireling ; and in Ireland the word 
 is squireen, q. v. 
 
 The iron may be a Scottish squirelet, full 
 of gulosity and gigmanity ; the magnet an 
 English plebeian, and moving rag-and-dust 
 mountain, coarse, proud, irascible, imperious : 
 nevertheless behold how they embrace, and 
 inseparably cleave to one another. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iii. 56. 
 
 The family of Bodley belonged to that 
 class of tqnirelets ... of which Devonshire in 
 the clays of Elizabeth was very full. Fraser's 
 May., May 1873, p. 647. 
 
 SQUIRESS, wife of a squire. 
 
 The one milliner's shop was full of fat 
 squiresses, buying muslin ammunition. Lyt- 
 ton, Pelham, ch. vii. 
 
 STABLER, horse-keeper. 
 
 Your horses must be sent to a stabler' a 
 (for the change-houses have no lodging for 
 them), where they may feed voluptuously on 
 straw only Modern Account of Scotland, 
 1(570 (Harl. Misc., vi. 141). 
 
 There came a man to the stabler (so they 
 call the people at Edinburgh that take in 
 
 horses to keep), and wanted to know if he 
 could hear of any returned horses for 
 England. Defoe, Col. Jack, p. 240. 
 
 STAFF. To argue from the staff to the 
 corner = to raise some other question 
 than that under discussion. 
 
 He excepts against every word of this. 
 First against the lineal succession, because 
 none of these ancient bishops taught justifi- 
 cation by faith alone. This is an argument 
 from the staff to the corner. I speak of a 
 succession of Holy Orders, and he of a suc- 
 cession of opinions. Bramhall, ii. 94. 
 
 STAFF. To have the better or worse 
 end of the staff = to be getting the best 
 or worst of a matter. 
 
 A rief thyng it is to see feloes enough of 
 the self same suite, which as often as thei 
 see theim selfes to haue the tcorse ende of the 
 staffe in their cause, doen make their recourse 
 wholly vnto furious brallyng. Udal's Eras- 
 mus's Apophth., p. 340. 
 
 Miss Byron, I have had the better end of 
 the staff, I believe ? Richardson, Grandison, 
 ii. 122. 
 
 STAFF. To set down or up one's staff 
 = to take up one's abode. 
 
 If Cleanthes open his shop he shall have 
 customers ; many a traveller there sets down 
 his staff. Adams, i. 185. 
 
 There are few men now at liberty near so 
 wealthy as this gentleman who has done us 
 the honour to set up his staff of rest in our 
 house. //. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 370. 
 
 As the evening now came on, and the two 
 pilgrims were much fatigued with their early 
 rising and long walk, they thought it best to 
 set up their staff at the public-house where 
 they had preached. Graves, Spiritual Quix- 
 ote, Bk. VIII, ch. x. 
 
 I did not think a wife was the stall where 
 he would set up his staff. Walpole, Letters, 
 iv. 326 (1782). 
 
 STAFFLESS, without a staff. Fuller 
 ( Worthies, Kent) tells a story of a 
 nobleman from whom Queen Elizabeth 
 in anger snatched the white staff ; and 
 adds, " The Lord remained Staff-lesse 
 almost a day " (i. 490). 
 
 STAFFORD LAW, violence ; Lynch law : 
 a play upon the name. Cf. BEDFORD- 
 SHIRE, SPILLSBURY, &c. 
 
 Among souldiers, Stafford law, martiall 
 law, killing or hanging, is soon learned. 
 Breton, Scholar and Souldier, p. 29. 
 
 We have unlawfully erected marshall law, 
 club law, Stafford laic, and such lawless laws 
 as make most for treason. Speech of Miles 
 Corbet, 1647 (Harl. Misc., i. 273). 
 
 STAG, to watch or dog (slang) : 
 metaphor from deer-stalking (?).
 
 STANCE 
 
 So you've been slagging this gentleman 
 ami me, and listening, have you ? H. Kings- 
 ley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. v. 
 
 STAG. 
 
 Come, my little cub, do not scorn me 
 because I go in stay, in buff : here's velvet too, 
 thou seest I am worth thus much in bare 
 velvet. Dekker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, Eng. 
 Dr., iii. 141). 
 
 STAGE, to go by stage-coach. 
 
 He seasons pleasure with profit ; he stages 
 (if I may say so) into politicks, and rides 
 post into business. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 546. 
 
 STAGEMAN, an actor. 
 Come foorth, you witts that vaunt the 
 
 pompe of speach, 
 
 And striue to thunder from a Stage-man's 
 throate. 
 
 T. Brabine, 1589 (prefixed to Greene's 
 Menaphon). 
 
 STAGERITE, a jocose name for a stage- 
 player. 
 
 Thou hast forgot how thou amblest in 
 leather pilch by a play-wagon in the high- 
 way, and took'st mad Jerouimo's part to get 
 service among the mimicks ; and when the 
 stayerites banish'd thee into the Isle of Dogs, 
 thou turn'dst ban-dog, villainous Guy, and 
 ever since bitest. Dekker, Satiromastix, 
 (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., iii. 153). 
 
 STAGGING, speculating in an unscru- 
 pulous way. 
 
 If the Stock-Exchange and railway stag- 
 ying . . . are not The World, what is ? C. 
 Kingsley, Yeast, ch. ii. 
 
 The slipperiuess, sir, of one slagging parson 
 has set rolling this very avalanche. Ibid., 
 ch. xii. 
 
 STAG-HORN. See extract. 
 
 With that plant which in our dale 
 We call stay-horn or fox's tail, 
 Their rusty hats they trim. 
 
 Words tcorth, Idle Shepherd-Hoys. 
 
 STAIN, to excel ; make poor by con- 
 trast. 
 
 O voice that doth the thrush in shrillness 
 stain. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 358. 
 
 That Virgil's verse hath greater grace 
 
 In forrayne foote obtaynde 
 Thau iu his own, who whilst he lyned 
 
 Eche other poets stay tide. 
 
 Googe, Epitaphe of Phayre. 
 
 STAIR, sedge; coarse grass. See Pea- 
 cock's Manley and Corringham Glos- 
 sary, s. v. Star-thack. 
 
 Item in marisco potest dominus habere 
 stair pro coopertura domorum. Taxation of 
 Prebe.td of Ulskejf (Arch., i. 175). 
 
 STAIRY, ascending by stairs ; gradu- 
 ated. 
 
 With wooden galleries in the church that 
 they have,and stayry degrees of seats in them, 
 they make as much roome to sit and heare 
 as a newe west-end would have done. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 152). 
 
 STAKED, tethered. 
 
 His mind was so airy and volatile, he could , 
 not have kept his chamber, if he must needs 
 be there, staked down purely to the drudgery 
 of the law. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 i. 15. 
 
 STALKOES. See extract. 
 
 Soft Simon had reduced himself to the 
 lowest class of stalkoes or walking gentlemen, 
 as they are termed ; men who have nothing to 
 do, and no fortune to support them, but who 
 style themselves esquire. Miss Edyeicorth, 
 Rosanna, ch. iii. 
 
 STALL, to forbear a debt for a time ; 
 to allow it to be paid by instalments. 
 
 That he might not be stuck on"ground, he 
 petition'd that his Majesty would stall his 
 fine, and take it up, as his estate would bear 
 it, by a thousand pounds a year. Hacket, 
 Life (if Williams, ii. 128. 
 
 STALL, to surfeit. 
 
 Mathematicks he moderately studieth to 
 his great contentment ; using it as a ballast 
 for his soul, yet to fix it, not to stall it. 
 Fuller, Holy State, II. vii. 6. 
 
 Some men's speeches are like the high 
 mountains in Ireland, having a durty bog iii 
 the top of them ; the very ridge of them in 
 high words having nothing of worth, but 
 what rather stalls than delights the auditour. 
 Ibid., III. xi. 8. 
 
 STALLER. See extract. 
 
 Tovy, a man of great wealth and authority, 
 as being the King's Staller (that is, Standard- 
 Bearer), first founded this Town. Fuller, 
 Waltham Abbey, p. 6. 
 
 STAMPEDE, a flight or rush : origin- 
 ally applied to a rush of horses or 
 other animals seized with panic. 
 
 So all the people, Sheila learned that 
 night, were going away from London ; and 
 soon she and her husband would join in the 
 general stampede of the very last dwellers in 
 town. Black, Princess of Thule, ch. xviii. 
 
 STAMPERS, feet (slang). 
 Strike up, piper, a merry merry dance, 
 That we on our stampers may foot it and 
 
 prance. Broome, Jovial Crew, Act I. 
 
 STANCE, stave or stanza, which Italian 
 word is commoner than the French. 
 
 The Phrebades sing the first Stance of the 
 second song. Chapman, Masque of Mid. 
 Temple.
 
 STANCE 
 
 ( 620 ) 
 
 STARK 
 
 STANCE, place ; standpoint. In the 
 extract from Gascoigne it seems to 
 mean a standing quarrel. 
 
 Since I can do no better, I will set such a 
 staunce between him and Pasiphalo that all 
 this town shall not make them friends. 
 Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 3. 
 
 He fetched a gambol upon one foot, and, 
 turning to the left hand, failed not to carry 
 his body perfectly round, just into its former 
 stance. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxxv. 
 
 The boy answered his invitation with the 
 utmost confidence, and danced down from 
 his stance with a galliard sort of step. 
 Scott, Kenilworth, i. 184. 
 
 STANCHNESS, reserve. 
 
 His Majesty would not that you should 
 press him for a note of his hand for secrecy 
 and stanchness, . . . but only by word to 
 refresh his memory of the faithful promises 
 he hath made in that point to the king. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 157. 
 
 STANDARD, a standing bowl, or large 
 drinking cup. 
 
 Frolic, my lords ; let all the standards walk, 
 Ply it, till every man hath ta'en his load. 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, p. 141. 
 
 STAND-FAR-OFF, a coarse stuff. N. 
 has stand-further-off in the same sense, 
 with quotation from Taylor, the water- 
 poet. 
 
 False miracles, . . . like the stuffe called 
 Stand -farre- off, must not have the beholder 
 too near, lest the coursnesse thereof doth 
 appeare. Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. p. 332. 
 
 In my child-hood there was one [cloth] 
 called Stand-far-off (the embleme of Hypo- 
 crisie), which seemed pretty at competent 
 distance, but discovered its coarseness when 
 nearer to the eye. Ibid., Worthies, Xoridch. 
 
 STANTY. 
 
 These precarious and poor Associatings of 
 Ministers are but a setting up a stanty hedge, 
 instead of a good quick-set or a brick-wall, 
 for the fense of Christ's vineyard. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 438. 
 
 STANZO, stanza. In the second ex- 
 tract it = a song of more than one 
 stanza ; a stave. 
 
 Euerie stanza they pen after dinner is full 
 poynted with a stabbe. Nashe, Introd. to 
 Greene's Menaphon, p. 15. 
 
 Hee . . . sung a stanza to this effect.- 
 Greene, Menaphon, p. 25. 
 
 STAR. See extract. 
 
 Stella a stando dicitur. A star, quasi not 
 stir, further than the orb carries it. Adams, 
 i. 455. 
 
 STARCHY, stiff ; formal. 
 
 Nothing like these starchy doctors for 
 
 vanity ! It was as I thought ; he cared 
 much less for her portrait than his own. G. 
 Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xxii. 
 
 STAR-CLARK, an astronomer. 
 Sith the least star that we perceiue to shine 
 Aboue, disperst in th' arches crystalline 
 (If, at the least, star-darks be credit worth), 
 Is eighteene times bigger than all the earth. 
 Sylvester, Third day, first weeke, 494. 
 
 STAR-DIVINE, an astronomer. 
 Nor can I see how th' earth and sea should 
 
 feed 
 
 So many stars, whose greatnes doth exceed 
 So many times (if Star-Diuines say troth) 
 The greatnes of the earth and ocean both. 
 Sylvester, Fourth day, first weeke, 134. 
 
 STARE. As like as he can stare = 
 extremely like. 
 
 His loving mother left him to my care, 
 Fine child, as like his Dad as he could stare. 
 Gay, The what d'ye call it, i. 1. 
 
 STAREE, a person stared at. 
 
 There was a wild oddity in her countenance 
 which made one stare at her, and she was 
 delighted to be stared at especially by me 
 so we were mutually agreeable to each other 
 I as starer, and she as staree. Miss Edge- 
 worth, Belinda, ch. iii. 
 
 STAR FULL, starry. 
 Melchisedec, God's sacred Minister, 
 And King of Salem, corns to greet him there, 
 Blessing his bliss, and thus with zealous cry 
 Devoutly pearc't Heav'n's starfull canopey. 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 889. 
 
 STAR-GAZER, astronomer. The word 
 is not now, I think, used in an honour- 
 able sense, but rather of an astrologer. 
 North is speaking of Flamstead, the 
 astronomer-royal. 
 
 His lordship received him with much 
 familiarity, and encouraged him to come aud 
 see him often. . . . The star-gazer was not 
 wanting to himself in that ; and his lordship 
 was extremely delighted with his accounts 
 aud observations about the planets. North, 
 Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 253. 
 
 STARING OF HAIR, hair on end. H. 
 quotes the expression from Florio. 
 The second extract is a translation of 
 ' ; Obstupui, steteruntque comte, et vox 
 faucihus hcesit." 
 His cap born up with staring of his hair. 
 
 Sackville, Induction, st. 34. 
 I was amaz'd, struck speechless, and my hair 
 On end upon my head did wildly stare. 
 
 Cotton's Montaigne, ch. xiv. 
 
 STARK, to stiffen. 
 
 Arise, if horror have not ttark'd your 
 limbs. Taylor, St. Clement's Eve,v. 5.
 
 STARK 
 
 ( 621 ) STAY-AT-HOME 
 
 STARK, naked. Stark naked is a 
 common expression for entirely naked, 
 from which, by a little confusion, Wai- 
 pole, I suppose, derived his use of the 
 word. 
 
 There is a court dress to be instituted (to 
 thin the drawing-rooms), stiff-bodied gowns 
 and bare shoulders. What dreadful dis- 
 coveries will be made both on fat and lean ! 
 I recommend to you the idea of Mrs. C. 
 when half-stark. Walpole, Letters, ii. 346 
 (1762). 
 
 Madame du Deffand came to me the 
 instant I arrived, and sat by me whilst I 
 stripped and dressed myself; for, as she 
 said, since she cannot see, there was no harm 
 in my being stark. Ibid., iv. 25 (1775). 
 
 STARKEN, to stiffen. 
 
 There is a voice calls thee, but not to reign, 
 The voice of her thou fain would'st take to 
 
 wife ; 
 
 An excommunicated wretch she is 
 Ev'n now, and if thy lust of kingly power 
 Outbid thine other lusts, and starken thee 
 In grasping of that shadow of a sceptre 
 That still is left thee, 'tis a dying voice. 
 
 Taylor, Edwin the Fair, iv. 4. 
 
 STARRIFY, to mark with a star : the 
 following occurs in a " description of a 
 gallant horse." 
 
 Great foaming mouth, hot fuming nosthrill 
 
 wide, 
 Of chestnut hair, his forehead starryJCd. 
 
 Sylvester, Handie-Crafts, 413. 
 
 START, tail or handle. 
 
 For . . . mending ye start of ye sanctus 
 bell ixd. Leverton, Churchwardens' Accounts, 
 1512 (Arch., xli. 344). 
 
 STARTFUL, easily startled ; f rightened. 
 Affectation is the virgin referred to in 
 the first extract. 
 Say, virgin, where dost thou delight to 
 
 dwell? 
 With maids of honour, startful virgin ? 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 174. 
 Sbung with too keen a sympathy, the Maid 
 Brooded with moving lips, mute, startful, 
 
 dark. Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 STATE, to keep state ; to be difficult 
 of access. Cf. " Our hostess keeps 
 her state " (Macbeth, I. iy.). Fuller 
 tells a story of a noble spendthrift 
 who reformed, owing to the mortifica- 
 tion he felt at being kept waiting a 
 long time by an Alderman, who had 
 made a great deal out of him. The 
 historian adds, 
 
 I could wish that all Aldermen would State 
 it on the like occasion, on condition their 
 
 noble Debtors would but make so good use 
 thereof. Fuller, Worthies, Sussex (ii. 391). 
 
 Wolsey began to state it at York as high 
 as ever. Ibid., Ch. Hist., V. ii. 4. 
 
 STATE, to establish ; to settle. 
 
 " To receive the adoption of children " is 
 to be stated in all that is good. Andrews, 
 i. 57. 
 
 But the name " Lord " goeth yet further, 
 not only to save us and set us free from 
 danger, to deliver us from evil ; but to state 
 us in as good and better condition than we 
 forfeited by our fall. Ibid., i. 79. 
 
 STATESMAN, a North-country name 
 for a small land-owner or yeoman. 
 
 The old Westmoreland statesman (for such 
 he was) joined the group. . . . The West- 
 moreland yeoman and farmer was too sub- 
 stantial a customer to be refused. Mrs. 
 Trollope, Michael Armstrong, ch. xxvii. 
 
 STATISTIC, statistician. R., who has 
 statistic and statistical, says, " Statis- 
 tick (Fr. statisque) is a word for which 
 we are said to be indebted to a living 
 writer. Statisticks is applied to every- 
 thing that pertains to a state its 
 population, soil, produce, &c." Ho 
 only illustrates the word statistical, 
 and that with an extract from Knox's 
 sermons. The earliest, and indeed the 
 only example of statistician in L. is 
 from Hallam's Middle Ages. 
 
 Henley said you were the best statistic in 
 Europe. Southey, 1804 ( Mem. of Taylor of 
 Norwich, i 508). 
 
 STATIZE, to meddle in state affairs. 
 Secular . . . mysteries are for the know- 
 ledge of statizing Jesuits. Adams, ii. 168. 
 
 STATUELESS, without a statue. 
 
 The drapeau Uanc is floating from the 
 statueless column. Thackeray, Roundabout 
 Papers, xix. 
 
 STATUIZE, to commemorate by a 
 statue. 
 
 James II. did also statuize himself in cop- 
 per. Misson, Travels in Eng., p. 309. 
 
 STATUTE-LACE. 
 
 Master lawyer, pity me ; for surely, sir, I 
 was fain to lay my wife's best gown to pawn 
 for your fees: when I looked upon it, sir, 
 and saw how handsomely it was daubed 
 with statute-lace, ... I fell on weeping. 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, p. 124. 
 
 STAY-AT-HOME, one who keeps at 
 home ; a house-dove : used also adjec- 
 tivally. 
 
 A talking pretty young woman like Miss 
 Crawford is always pleasant society to an
 
 STEAD ABLE 
 
 ( 622 ) STERNHOLDIANISM 
 
 indolent, stay-at-home man. Miss Austen, 
 Mansfield Park, ch. v. 
 
 Go forth to find us stay -at- homes new 
 markets for our ware. Kinysley, Westward 
 Ho, ch. xv. 
 
 " Cold ! " said her father, " what do ye 
 stay -at- homes know about cold ? " Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. is. 
 
 STEADABLE, serviceable. See another 
 extract from the same writer s. v. PRO- 
 
 MOVAL. 
 
 I have succoured and supplied him with 
 men, money, friendship, and counsel, upon 
 any occasion wherein I could be steadable for 
 the improvement of his good. Urquhart's 
 Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxviii. 
 
 STEADY, a stithy or anvil. See STIDDY. 
 Job saith, Stetit cor ejus sicut incus : His 
 heart stood as a steady. Jewel, i. 523. 
 
 STEEDYOKES, reins. Hector is de- 
 scribed as appearing to ^Eneas in a 
 vision, " Harryed in steedyocks as of 
 earst" (Stanyhurst, ^Eii., ii. 279). 
 
 STEEPFDL, steep. 
 
 Anon he stalks about a steepful rock. 
 
 /Sylvester, The Vocation, 828. 
 
 STEEPISH, rather steep. 
 
 I was suddenly, upon turning the corner of 
 a steepish downy field, in the midst of a retired 
 little village. Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 STEEPLE-FAIR. N. gives this as "a 
 fair at which servants were hired." In 
 the extracts it is applied to the simoni- 
 acal mart. 
 Thou servile fool, why couldst thou not 
 
 repair 
 To buy a benefice at steeple-fair ? 
 
 Hall, Satires, II. v. 8. 
 
 Are not you the young drover of livings 
 Academico told me of that haunts steeple- 
 fairs? Return from Parnassus, iv. 2 (1606). 
 
 STEEPLE- HUNTING, steeple - chasing, 
 which more usual form is in L. 
 
 I have known few creatures whom it was 
 more wasteful to send forth with the bridle 
 thrown up, and to set to steeple-hunting, in- 
 stead of running on highways. Carlyle, 
 Life of Sterling, ch. v. 
 
 STEERLING, a young steer or bullock. 
 To get thy steerliny, once again 
 I'll play thee such another strain. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 261. 
 
 STELLISCRIPT, that which is written 
 in the stars. 
 
 One important rule is to be observed in 
 perusing this great stelliscript. He who de- 
 sires to learn what good they prefigure must 
 read them from West to East ; but if he 
 
 would be forewarned of evil, he must read 
 from North to West ; in either case beginniug 
 with the stars that are most vertical to him. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. xcv. 
 
 STEM, to foul ; knock against. 
 
 Like two great caraques in a foul sea, they 
 never met in counsel but they stemmed one 
 another. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 132. 
 
 STEMLY, well-grown (?). 
 
 Then followed them Detraction and Deceite ; 
 
 Sym Swash did beare a buckler for the first, 
 
 False Witnesse was the secoude sternly page. 
 
 Gascoigne, Steele Glas, p. 51. 
 
 STENCHFUL, full of bad smells. 
 
 The thick and foggy air of this siuful 
 world, as the smoke and stenchful mists over 
 some populous cities, can soon sully the soul. 
 Adams, ii. 56. 
 
 STENOGRAPH, a writing in short-hand. 
 
 I saw the reporters' room, in which they 
 redact their hasty stenographs. Emerson, 
 Eny. Traits, ch. xv. 
 
 STENTORIOUS, loud ; like the voice of 
 Stentor. 
 
 They will remember the loudness of his 
 stentorious voice. Fuller, Ch. Hist.,~K. iv. 64. 
 
 STKRCORATED, dunged or manured. 
 
 It savoured of the earth, he said, if not 
 of something worse, to have a man's mind 
 always grovelling in mould, stercorated or 
 unste)'corated. Scott, Pirate, i. 58. 
 
 STEREOMETRY, measurement of solid 
 bodies. 
 
 It is an easie matter to rectifie weights. 
 &c., to cast up all, and resolve bodies by 
 Algebra, Stereometry. Burton, Democ. to 
 Reader, p. 67. 
 
 STERNELESSE, rudderless. 
 The prime of youth whose greene vnmel- 
 
 lowde yeares 
 With hoysed head doth checke the loftie 
 
 skies, 
 And settes vp sayle, and sternelesse ship 
 
 ysteares, 
 
 With winde and waue at pleasure sure it 
 flies. Gossan, p. 76. 
 
 STERNFULLY, sternly. See extract 
 s. v. FLAIL. 
 
 STERNHOLDIANISM, prosaicism : the 
 reference of course is to Sternhold, 
 the old translator of the Psalms. The 
 extract is from Rftbberdss Memoir of 
 Taylor of Norwich, i. 99. 
 
 There is scarcely so nice a line to distin- 
 guish as that which divides true simplicity 
 from flatness and Sternhofdianism (if I may 
 be allowed to coin a word). Sir W. Scott, 
 1797.
 
 STER1 
 
 623 
 
 STIFF 
 
 STERT, start : in the extract it means 
 distance. 
 Indeede he dwelleth hence a good stert I 
 
 coufesse, 
 But yet a quicke messanger might twice 
 
 since, as I gesse, 
 Haue gone and come againe. 
 
 Udal, Roister Bolster, iv. 5. 
 
 STERTOROUS, breathing heavily. 
 Sterling (see extract s. v. ENVIRONMENT) 
 classes this among the words in Sartor 
 Resartus " without any authority." It 
 is not uncommon now, but it does not 
 appear in B. , and Carlyle is the earliest 
 authority for it in L. 
 
 That hum, I say, like the stertorous, 
 unquiet slumber of sick life, is heard in 
 Heaven. Carlyl?., Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. 
 ch. iii. 
 
 STETHOSCOPE, to examine the chest 
 by the aid of the instrument so called. 
 
 You wish me to submit to he stethoscoped. 
 Savage, R. Medlicott, Bk. I. ch. xvi. 
 
 STEVEDORE, one who stows goods in 
 a ship's hold (Span, estivador). 
 
 The Scandinavian fancied himself sur- 
 rounded by Trolls, a kind of goblin men with 
 vast power. of work and skilful production 
 divine stevedores, carpenters, reapers, smiths, 
 and masons. Emerson, Eny. Traits, ch. v. 
 
 STEWED, belonging to the stews. 
 
 Aristippus, thou art a greate medler with 
 this woman, beyng a stewed strumpette. 
 UdaFs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 66. 
 
 STICK, a lot of twenty-five eels. 
 
 A bind of eels consists of ten sticks, and 
 every stick of twenty-five eels. Archaol., 
 xv. 357 (1806). 
 
 STICK, a dull or stupid person. 
 
 " You . . . will go and marry, I know you 
 will, some stick of a rival." . . " I hope I shall 
 never marry a stick." Miss Edyeworth, Be- 
 linda, ch. xx. 
 
 1 was surprised to see Sir Henry such a 
 stick ; luckily the strength of the piece did 
 not depend upon him. Miss Austen, Mans- 
 field Park, ch. xiii. 
 
 The poor old stick used to cry out, " Oh 
 you villains childs," and then we sermonised 
 her on the presumption of attempting to 
 teach such clever blades as we were, when 
 she was herself so ignorant. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 STICK. To cut one's stick is a slang 
 expression = to run away. See quota- 
 tions s. w. CHALKS, RAT. 
 
 All which remained for a decayed poet 
 was respectfully to cut his stick, and retire. 
 De Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 STICK AND STONE, completely; root 
 and branch. Cf. STOCK AND BLOCK. 
 Stick is also used by itself in this way. 
 
 So in fine were thei beaten doune, their 
 citee taken, spoiled, and destroied bothe 
 sticke and stone. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 215. 
 
 We brake down the pier of the haven of 
 Perth, and burnt every stick of it. Expedi- 
 tion in Scotland, 1544 (Eng. Garner, i. 120). 
 And this it was she swore, never to marry 
 But such an one whose mighty arm could 
 
 carry 
 
 (As meaning me, for I am such a one) 
 Her bodily away through stick and stone. 
 
 Beaum. and FL, Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 1. 
 For troops, like Richmond, that on valour 
 
 feast, 
 May, like wild meteors, pour into mine east, 
 
 And leave my palace neither stick nor 
 stone. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 90. ' 
 
 STICK-IN-THE-MUD, a slow fellow or 
 bungler. 
 
 This rusty-coloured one is that respect- 
 able old stick-in-the-mud, Nicias. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. x. 
 
 STICKLE-HAIRED, rough-haired. 
 
 Their dogs . . that serue for that purpose 
 are stickle-haired, and not vnlike to the Irish 
 grayhounds. Sandys, Travels, p. 76. 
 
 STICKS AND STAVES. To go to sticks 
 and staves = to go to pieces ; be ruined. 
 Cf. NOGGIN - STAVES. To beat all to 
 sticks = to completely surpass. 
 
 She married a Highland drover or tacks- 
 maD, I can't tell which, and they went all to 
 sticks and staves. Miss Ferrier, Inheritance, 
 i. 95. 
 
 Many ladies in Strasburg were beautiful, still 
 They were beat all to sticks by the lovely 
 
 Odille. Inyoldsby Legends (St. Odille). 
 
 STICK THE POINT, to settle the matter. 
 Fuller, after quoting a joint opinion 
 from Cotton, Selden, Spelman, and 
 Camden, adds, 
 
 This quaternion of subscribers have stick' n 
 the point dead with me that all antient 'Eng- 
 lish monks were Benedictines. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., vi. p. 268. 
 
 S T I D D Y , a forge ; a stithy. See 
 STEADY. 
 
 Their habergious like stiddies stithe they 
 baire. Hudson's Judith, iii. 225. 
 
 James Yorke, a blacksmith, . . . is a serv- 
 ant as well of Apollo as Vulcan, turning his 
 stiddy into a study. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Lincoln (ii. 24). 
 
 STIFF. To do a bit of stiff" = to 
 accept or cash a bill paper represent- 
 ing money, as a promissory bill, &c., is
 
 STIfF 
 
 ( 624) 
 
 STOCKINET 
 
 called stiff, as distinguished from cash 
 which is hard. 
 
 I wish you'd do me a bit of stiff, and just 
 tell your father if I may overdraw my ac- 
 count I'll vote with him. Thackeray, Neic- 
 comes, ch. vi. 
 
 STIFF, to be stiff ; to persevere. 
 But Dido affrighted stiff also in her ob- 
 stinat onset. Stanyhurst, ^En., iv. 690. 
 
 STIFF-GIRT, obstinate. 
 
 He, stiffe-yirt and inexorable, went with 
 a short turn out of the Church. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 246. 
 
 STIFFLRR, stickler. 
 
 The drift was, as I judged, for Dethick to 
 continue such stifflers in the College of his 
 pupils, to win him in time by hook or crook 
 the master's room. Alp. Parker, p. 252. 
 
 STILE. To help over a stile, or a 
 lame dog over a stile = to help over a 
 difficulty. 
 
 But for this horrid murder vile 
 
 None did him prosecute. 
 His old friend helped him o'er the stile ; 
 With Satan who'd dispute? 
 
 Prior, The Viceroy. 
 
 Lady Sm. The girl's well enough, if she 
 had but another uose. 
 
 Miss. O, Madam, I know I shall always 
 have your good word ; you love to help a 
 lame dog over the stile. Swift, Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv. i.). 
 
 I can show my money, pay my way, eat 
 my dinner, kill my trout, hunt my hounds, 
 help a lame dog over a stile (which was Mark's 
 phrase for doing a generous thing), and thank 
 God for all. Kinysley, Two Years Ago, ch. 
 xxv. 
 
 STILTIFY, to heighten as on stilts. 
 
 Skinny dwarfs ye are, cushioned and stil- 
 tified into great fat giants. Reade, Cloister 
 and Hearth, ch. Ixv. 
 
 STIMULATIVE, a stimulant; an in- 
 centive. 
 
 Then there are so many stimulatives to 
 such a spirit as mine in this affair, besides 
 love. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, i. 225. 
 
 STINCH, to stanch. 
 
 First, the blood must bee stinched, and 
 howe was that done ? Breton, Miseries of 
 Mauillia, p. 39. 
 
 STIPENDIATE, to pay. 
 
 All the sciences are taught in the vulgar 
 French by professors stipendiated by the 
 greate Cardinal. Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 14, 
 1644. 
 
 STIRE. See quotation. 
 The Athenaeum critic plays the master 
 with me, and tops his part. " It is clear," 
 
 he says, " from every page of this book that 
 the author does not, in vulgar parlance, think 
 small beer of himself." ... I am more in- 
 clined, as my master insinuates, to think 
 strong beer of myself, crww, Burton, Audit 
 ale, old October, what in his parlance used 
 to be called stingo or ... stire, cokaghee 
 or foxwhelp, a beverage as much better 
 than champagne as it is honester, whole- 
 somer. and cheaper. Or Perry, the Teign- 
 tou- Squash. These are right old English 
 liquors, and I like them all. Southey, The 
 l)octor, Interchapter xvi. 
 
 STIRLESS, motionless. 
 
 Voiceless and viewless, stirless and word- 
 less, he kept his station behind the pile of 
 flowers. Miss Bronte, I'illette, ch. xxix. 
 
 STITCH. To go a good stitch = to 
 go a good way ; to go thorough stitch, 
 i. e. (in modern slang) the whole hog, 
 is a common expression in our old 
 writers. 
 
 I promise you, said he, you have gone a 
 good stitch : you may well be aweary ; sit 
 down. Bunyan, Pile/rim's Progress, ii. 148. 
 
 STITHY-MAN, a smith. 
 The subtle stithy-man that lived whilere. 
 Hall, Satires, II. i. 44. 
 
 STIVE. The usual meaning of this 
 word is to cram or stuff, but H. gives 
 as one of its significations, "To walk 
 energetically (fforiK). Mr. Hunter 
 says, to walk with affected stateli- 
 ness." But perhaps in the extract 
 stive is a slip of the pen or of the press 
 for stie. 
 
 This Saint of Falconers [S. Tibba] doth 
 stive so high into the air that my industry 
 can not flye home after the same. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Rutland (ii. 242). 
 
 STOCK AND BLOCK, everything: in 
 the original, sors et usura, capital and 
 interest. Cf. STICK AND STONE. 
 
 Before I came home I lost all, stock and 
 block. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 181. 
 
 STOCK-BLIND, blind as a stock ; stone- 
 blind. 
 
 True lovers are blind, stock-blind. Wych- 
 erley, Country Wife, ii. 1. 
 
 STOCKFATHER, progenitor. 
 
 These [Veneticse] Strabo supposeth to 
 have been the founders and stock-fathers of 
 the Venetians. Holland's Camden, ii. 231. ' 
 
 STOCKINET, some material of which 
 pantaloons were formerly made. 
 
 The tall gentleman in the stockinet pan- 
 taloons played billiards with uncommon skill. 
 Th. Hook, The Sutherland*. 
 
 Do we crowd to see Mr. Macready in the
 
 STOCK1NGER 
 
 ( 625 ) 
 
 STONE-JUG 
 
 new tragedy, or Mademoiselle Elssler in her 
 last new ballet, and flesh-coloured stockinnet 
 pantaloons, out of a pure love of abstract 
 poetry and beauty ? Thackeray, Paris Sketch 
 Hook, ch. xvi. 
 
 STOCKINGER, a stocking-weaver. 
 
 The robust rural Saxon degenerates in the 
 mills to the Leicester stockinger. Emerson, 
 Eny. Traits, ch. x. 
 
 Some of our labourers and stockingers as 
 used never to come to church, come to the 
 cottage. G. Eliot, Amos Barton, ch. i. 
 
 STOCKING - FEET, without shoes on : 
 the phrase is not peculiar to Scotland. 
 StocJcin '-feetings is given in Peacock's 
 Manley and Corringham Glossary. 
 
 Binnie found the Colonel in his sitting- 
 room, arrayed in what are called in Scotland 
 his stocking -feet. Thackeray, Neiccomes, ch. 
 viii. 
 
 STOCKINGLESS, without stockings. 
 
 They were all slip-shoed, stockingless some, 
 only under-petticoated all. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, viii. 156. 
 
 STOCKS. To have something on the 
 stocks, i. e. in preparation ; a metaphor 
 taken from ship-building. 
 
 I am told Mr. Dryden has something of 
 this nature new upon the stocks. T. Brown, 
 Works, iv. 42. 
 
 STOCKY. H. gives the word as mean- 
 ing " stout," with a quotation from 
 Addison ; but in the first extract it 
 means stumpy, and in the second, 
 headstrong. 
 
 It is the fault of their forms that they 
 grow stocky, and the women have that dis- 
 advantage few tall slender figures of flow- 
 ing shape, but stunted and thick-set persons. 
 Emerson, Eng. Traits, ch. iv. 
 
 He was a boy whom Mrs. Hackit in a 
 severe mood had pronounced stocky (a word 
 that etymologically, in all probability, con- 
 veys some allusion to an instrument of 
 punishment for the refractory) ; but seeing 
 him thus subdued into goodness, she smiled 
 at him. G. Eliot, Amos Barton, ch. v. 
 
 STOGGED, set fast in the mire. The 
 first quotation is the motto to ch. v. of 
 Kingsley's Westward Ho. 
 It was among the ways of good Queen Bess, 
 
 Who ruled as well as ever mortal can, sir, 
 When she was stogged and the country in a 
 mess 
 
 She was wont to send for a Devon man, sir. 
 West Country Song. 
 
 They'll ... be stogyed till the day of judg- 
 ment ; there are bogs in the bottom twenty 
 feet deep. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. v. 
 
 STOKER, one who attends to the fire 
 
 in an engine-room, &c. The only ex- 
 ample in R. and L. is from Green's 
 poem, The Spleen (1754). Noble wrote 
 towards the end of the last century, 
 but he seems to have met with the word 
 in some seventeenth-century authority. 
 John Okey Esq.'s origin was very obscure ; 
 the only account of him before the civil war 
 broke out is that he was first a drayman, 
 then a stoaker in a brew-house at Islington. 
 Mark Noble, Lives of the Regicides, ii. 104. 
 
 STOMACH, to encourage. 
 
 When He had stomached them by the Holy 
 Ghost to shoot forth His word without fear, 
 He went forward with them by His grace, 
 conquering in them the prince of this world. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 313. 
 
 STOMACH- TIMBER, food. Prior's lines 
 
 are 
 
 The strength of every other member 
 Is founded on your belly-timber. 
 
 In Combe's time, it may be presumed, 
 
 belly had come to be reckoned a coarse 
 
 word. 
 
 As Prior tells, a clever poet, . . . 
 The main strength of every member 
 Depends upon the stomach-timber. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. vii. 
 
 STOMP, to stump : antiquated spelling 
 adopted in extract through stress of 
 rhyme. 
 And then will the flaxen-wigged image 
 
 Be carried in pomp 
 Thro' the plain, while in gallant procession 
 
 The priests mean to stomp. 
 
 Browning, Englishman in Italy. 
 
 STONE. To take a stone up in the ear 
 = to become a prostitute. 
 My spouse, alas ! must flaunt in silks no 
 
 more, 
 Pray heav'n for sustenance she turn not 
 
 whore ; 
 
 And daughter Betty too, in time, I fear, 
 Will learn to take a stone up in her ear. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 60. 
 Madam, I much rejoice to hear 
 You'll take a stone up in your ear ; 
 For I'm a frail transgressor too. 
 
 Ibid., ii. 92. 
 
 STONE-DEAD, quite dead. 
 For the contagion was so violent 
 (The wil of Heau'n ordaining so the same) 
 As often strook stone-ded incontinent. 
 
 Davies, Humour's Heauen on Earth, p. 47. 
 
 STONE- JUG, thieves' slang for a prison. 
 See quotation s. v. MILL. The Gr. 
 Ktpafioc, had the same double meaning. 
 " Stone doublet" is Urquhart's transla- 
 tion of the Fr. " pj-ison" in Rabelais, 
 Bk. IV. ch. xii. 
 
 s s
 
 STONE-PRIEST 
 
 626 
 
 STORM 
 
 " Six weeks and labour," replied the elder 
 girl, with a flaunting laugh ; " and that's 
 better than the stone jug anyhow." Sketches 
 by Boz (Prisoners' Van). 
 
 I will sell the bed from under your wife's 
 back, and send you to the stone-jug. Reade, 
 Never too late to mend, ch. Ixxxii. 
 
 STONE - PRIEST, a lascivious priest. 
 So stone-horse = a stallion. 
 But ne'er hereafter let me take you 
 With wanton love-tricks, lest I make you 
 Example to all stone-priests ever, 
 To deal with other men's loves never. 
 
 Grim the Collier, Act V. 
 
 The villainous vicar is abroad in the chase 
 this dark night : the stone-priest steals more 
 venison thai} half the county. Merry Devil 
 of Edmonton (Dodsley, O. PI., xi. 155). 
 
 STONE-STILL, still as a stone : stock- 
 still is commoner. 
 
 The Remora fixing her feeble horn 
 Into the tempest-beating vessel's stern, 
 Stayes her stone-still. 
 
 Sylvester, Fifth day, first week, 434. 
 
 Loue will 
 
 Part of the way be mett, or sitt stone-still. 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 451. 
 
 STONIFIED, petrified. 
 Wilkes of stone, a shell-fish stonified. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 363, margin. 
 
 STOOL, root. 
 
 Vines shoot strongly from the stool, and 
 are not easily eradicated. Archceol., iii. 91 
 (1775). 
 
 STOOL, to shoot out. 
 
 I worked very hard in the copse of young 
 ash with my bill-hook and a shearing-knife, 
 cutting out the saplings where they stooled 
 too close together. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, 
 ch. xxxviii. 
 
 STOOP, a pillar. 
 
 You glorious martyrs, you illustrious stoops, 
 That once were cloistered in your fleshly 
 
 coops 
 As fast as I, what rhet'ric had your tongues ? 
 
 Queries, Emblems, v. 10. 
 Dalhousie of an old descent, 
 My chief, my stoup, my ornament. 
 
 Allan Ramsay. 
 
 STOOP. To give the stoop = to yield ; 
 to knock under. 
 
 O that a king should give the stoop to such 
 as these. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 186. 
 
 STOP. Stop-hounds were dogs trained 
 to hunt slowly, and to stop as soon as 
 the huntsman threw down his pole. 
 The meaning of the extract seems to 
 be that if any Christians show zeal, the 
 rest try to restrain him. 
 
 Do we think He ever will digest us in the 
 temper we are in, which (to confess the 
 truth of the fashionable Christian), what is it 
 but a state of neutrality, indifferency, or 
 such a mediocrity as will just serve the time, 
 satisfy law, or stand with reputation of 
 neighbours? Beyond which, if any step a 
 little forward, do not the rest hunt upon the 
 stop? Ward, Sermons, p. 91. 
 
 STOP-GAME, the end of the game (?) ; 
 a conclusion. 
 
 No violence and injustice can be proper to 
 usher in true Christian Religion and Reform- 
 ation: these methods have made them so 
 stunted and ricketly that they are come to 
 a stop-game. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 566. 
 
 STOP-GAP, something that answers a 
 temporary purpose. 
 
 A bit of ink and paper, which has long 
 been an innocent wrapping or stop-yap, may 
 at last be laid open under the one pair of 
 eyes which have knowledge enough to turn 
 it into the opening of a catastrophe. G. 
 Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xli. 
 
 STOPPERLESS, without stoppers. 
 
 The stopperless cruets on the spindle- 
 shanked sideboard were in a miserably 
 dejected state. Dickens, Uncommercial Tra- 
 veller, xxii. 
 
 STOPPLE, to cork up : the Diets, only 
 give the substantive. 
 A man, once young, who lived retired 
 As hermit could have well desired, 
 His hours of study closed at last, 
 And finish'd his concise repast, 
 Stoppled his cruise, replaced his book 
 Within its customary nook. 
 
 Cowper, Moralizer Corrected. 
 
 STOP-SHIP, the fish remora. 
 O Stop-ship say, say how thou can'st oppose 
 Thyselfe alone against so many foes ? 
 O tell vs where thou do'ost thine anchors 
 
 hide, 
 Whence thou resistest sayls, owers, wind, 
 
 and tide ? 
 
 Sylvester, Fifth day, first weeke, 444. 
 
 STORIES-MAN, authority for a story. 
 Fuller, quoting a Mr. Parker for some 
 assertion, says, " I tell you my story 
 and my stories-man." Worthies, Hunt- 
 ingdon (i. 469). 
 
 STORM, to take by assault. The 
 extract refers this use of the word to 
 the time of the Great Rebellion ; the 
 earliest instance in the Diets, is from 
 Dryden. 
 
 We have brought those exotic words plun- 
 dring and storming, and that once abominable 
 word excise, to be now familiar among them. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 37.
 
 STORMLESS 
 
 ( 627 ) 
 
 STRAPPER 
 
 STORMLESS, calm ; without a storm. 
 
 Our waking thoughts 
 Suffer a stormless shipwreck in the pools 
 Of sullen slumber, and arise again 
 Disjointed. Tennyson, Harold, v. 1. 
 
 STOT, to stump or tramp. 
 They stotted along side by side. Miss 
 Ferrier, Inheritance, ii. 367- 
 
 STOTER, to stumble ; here perhaps = 
 to have foot-rot. 
 
 He'd tell what bullock's fate was tragick 
 So right, some thought he dealt in magick ; 
 And as well knew, by wisdom outward, 
 What ox must fall, or sheep be stotered. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, canto 1. 
 
 STOTHE STONES. H. gives "stothe, 
 a post or upright of a wall." 
 
 ii alter stones for stothe stones. Leverton 
 Churchwarden's Accounts, 1566 (Archaol., xli. 
 364). 
 
 STODNDING, crushing ; stunning. 
 Your wrath, weak boy ? Tremble at mine, 
 
 unless 
 
 Retraction follow close upon the heels 
 Of that late stoundiny insult. 
 
 Keats, Otho the Great, iv. 2. 
 
 STOUPH, hot bath (Ital. slufa). Cf. 
 
 STUPLE. 
 
 It was nothing else but a Stouph or hote 
 house begunne by the Romanes, who . . . used 
 Bathes exceeding much. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 681. 
 
 STOUT, strong beer. R. illustrates 
 from Somerville, and L. from a poem 
 of Swift's written in 1720. In an 
 edition of Swift 1744 the editor ap- 
 pends a note, " cant word for strong 
 beer." It was in use, however, towards 
 the end of the previous century. 
 The genius of the land throughout 
 Being much like a large bowl of stout. 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, canto 1. 
 
 STOUTISH, rather fat or stout. 
 
 At the bottom of the room sat a stoutish 
 man of about forty. Sketches by Boz (Parlour 
 Orator). 
 
 STOVEINQ, a term in sailmaking, to 
 signify the heating of the bolt-ropes, so 
 as to make them pliable. 
 
 Light upon some Dutchmen, with whom 
 we had good discourse touching stoveing, and 
 making of cables. Pepys, Feb. 13, 1664-65. 
 
 STOWAWAY, one who hides or stows 
 himself away in a vessel, and does not 
 appear until she is on her voyage, so as 
 to obtain a free passage. 
 
 The large number of stowaways who arrive 
 at Liverpool iu Atlantic steamers give some 
 
 notion of the bad times prevalent in New 
 York. Two of these stowaways were taken 
 before the local magistrates last week, and 
 fined 5 and costs each, with the alternative 
 of two months' hard labour. Leeds Mercury, 
 Oct. 23, 1877. 
 
 STRAIGHT-HEARTED, narrow-hearted : 
 should be spelt strait-hearted. 
 
 Another is sordid, unmerciful (here Trim 
 waved his right hand), a straiyht-hearted, 
 selfish wretch, .incapable either of private 
 friendship or public spirit. Sterne, Tritt. 
 Shandy, ii. 47. 
 
 STRAIN, to distrain. 
 
 They are so very fierce that they will strain 
 every third day, till they have the 800 and 
 the use ; and as they order the matter, every 
 straining comes to twenty pound with charges 
 and fees. Letter, A.D. 1650, in Whitaker's 
 Hist, of Craven, p. 303. 
 
 STRAIT - HANDED, niggardly ; close- 
 fisted. R. and L. have strait-handed- 
 ness, with quotation from Bp. Hall. 
 
 If you are strait-handed the lawyer be- 
 comes resty, he will not stir. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 528. 
 
 STRAKE, bushel : more commonly 
 strike. 
 
 Come, Ruose, Ruose, I sold fifty stroke of 
 barley to-day in half this time. Farquhar, 
 Recruiting Officer, Act II. 
 
 STRAMASH, a row or disturbance : a 
 Scotch expression, but adopted by Eng- 
 lish writers. 
 
 Then more calling and bawling, and squalling 
 
 and falling. 
 
 Oh, what a fearful stramash they 're all in ! ' 
 Ingoldsby Legends (House-warmint/). 
 
 Last year at Oxford, I and three other 
 University men, three Pauls and a Braze- 
 nose, had a noble stramash on Folly Bridge. 
 That is the last fighting I have seen. H. 
 Kingsley, Ravenshoe, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 STRANGULATE, to strangle. 
 
 Creepers of literature, who suck their food, 
 like the ivy, from what they strangulate and 
 kill. Southey, The Doctor, Interchapter vii. 
 
 STRANGURIAN, strangury. 
 
 Here thou shrinkest to think of the gout, 
 colic, stone, or strangurian. Ward, Sermons, 
 p. 60. 
 
 STRAPPER, a tall, large person. 
 
 " You who are light and little can soon 
 recover ; but I who am a gross man might 
 suffer severely." . . Poor Lady Ladd, who is 
 quite a strapper, made no answer, but she 
 was not offended. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 i. 125. 
 
 S S 2
 
 STRATAGEMATIC ( 628 ) 
 
 STRIKE 
 
 " She's a rare one, is she not, Jane ? " 
 " Yes, sir." " A strapper, a real strapper, big, 
 brown, and buxom." C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xx. 
 
 STRATAGEMATIC, pertaining to strata- 
 gem : stratagemical is used by Swift. 
 
 Of this sorte of phantasie are all good 
 poets, notable captaines stratagematique, all 
 cunning artificers and enginers. Puttenham, 
 Eny. Poesie, Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 STRAVAGANT, extravagant. See ex- 
 tract s. v. SHOWFULLY. 
 
 STRAW. A woman in childbed is 
 said to be in the straw ; no doubt for 
 the reason implied by Fuller, though 
 the extract from Burgoyne suggests 
 another. 
 
 Our English plain Proverb de Puerperis, 
 " they are in the straw,'' shows Feather-Beds 
 to be of no ancient use among the common 
 sort of our nation. Fuller, Worthies, Lincoln. 
 
 Mrs. Blandish. You take care to send to 
 all the lying-in ladies ? 
 
 Prompt. At their doors, madam, before the 
 first load of straw. (Reading his memoran- 
 dum,' as he goes out.) Ladies in the straw, 
 ministers, &c. Burgoyne, The Heiress, I. i. 
 
 Although, by the vulgar popular saw, 
 
 All mothers are said to be in the straw, 
 
 Some children are born in clover. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegg. 
 
 STRAW. A man of straw = one of 
 no substance ; like an effigy stuffed 
 with straw ; so also a face of straw. 
 
 I will not be your drudge by day, to sqidre 
 your wife about, and be your man of straw or 
 scarecrow only to pies and jays that would 
 be nibbling at your forbidden fruit. 
 Wycherley, Country Wife, iv. 3. 
 
 Off drops the vizor, and a face of straw 
 appears. North, Examen, p. 508. 
 
 All those, however, were men of straw with 
 me. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 387. 
 
 STRAW. To lay a straw = to pause ; 
 perhaps the idea is that of marking the 
 place in a book. 
 
 But lay a straw here, for in a trifling mat- 
 ter others as well as myselfe may thinke 
 these notes sufficient, if not superfluous. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 141. 
 
 STRAW. To break a straw to 
 quarrel. 
 
 " I prophecie (quoth he) that Plato and 
 Dionysius wil erre many daies to an ende 
 breake a strawe betwene them." For he had 
 alredie perceiued the king now a good while 
 to keepe his mynde secrete, and to dissemble 
 his angre and displeasure conceiued against 
 Plato. UdaTs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 68. 
 
 STRAWFORK, pitchfork. Among "hus- 
 bandlie furniture " Tusser reckons 
 Flaile, strawforke, and rake, with a fan that 
 
 is strong. Husbandrie, p. 35. 
 
 STRAWS. My eyes draw straws = I 
 am very sleepy. Children are some- 
 times told towards bedtime that they 
 have dust in their eyes, or that the 
 dustman is coming. 
 
 Lady Ans. I'm sure 'tis time for all honest 
 folks to go to bed. 
 
 Miss. Indeed my eyes draw straws. (She's 
 almost asleep.) 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 
 Their eyelids did not once pick straws, 
 
 And wink and sink away ; 
 No, no, they were as brisk as bees. 
 
 fPolcot, P. Pindar, p. 213. 
 
 STREAK. H.,s. v. streek, says " streeked 
 measure is exact measure." Corn was 
 said to be streeked when a flat piece of 
 wood was passed over the top of the 
 measure containing it. 
 
 Clench. The squire is a fine gentleman. 
 
 Med. He is more, 
 
 A gentleman and a half, almost a knight, 
 "Within zix inches ; that is his true measure. 
 
 Clench. Zure you can gage 'un ? 
 
 Med. To a streak or less. 
 
 Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2. 
 
 STREAMINESS, streaming or trailing. 
 
 "We have to inquire what form or degree 
 of streamiiiess . . . might be expected among 
 the 1500 stars. Proctor, The Universe and 
 coming Transits, p. 22 (1874). 
 
 STREAMLING, a small stream. 
 In two square creases of vnequall sises 
 To turn two yron streamlings he devises. 
 
 Sylvester, Handie Crafts, 515. 
 A thousand streamlings that n'er saw the Sun, 
 With tribute siluer to his seruice run. 
 
 Ibid., The Captaines, 118. 
 
 STRENUITY, strenuousness ; energy. 
 
 And thus, nnlike affects 
 Bred like strenuity in both. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, rv. 649. 
 
 STRESS, a distress ; a levy for rent or 
 taxes, &c. 
 
 "We must offer it as it were a gift, volun- 
 tarily, willingly, cheerfully, . . though Hoph- 
 ni had no flesh-hook, though Caesar had no 
 Publican to take a stress. Andrewes, v. 135. 
 
 STRIKE, to give the last ploughing 
 before the seed is sown. 
 To harrow the rydgis er euer ye strike, 
 Is one peece of husbandrie Suffolk doth like. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 39. 
 
 STRIKE, to creak.
 
 STRIP 
 
 ( 629 ) 
 
 STUFFING 
 
 The closet door striked as it uses to do, 
 both at her coming in and going out. 
 A ubrey, Misc., p. 83. 
 
 STRIP, to outstrip. 
 
 Alate we ran the deer, and through the lawnds 
 Stripped with our nags the lofty frolic bucks. 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, I. i. 
 
 STRIP, to milk very closely. 
 
 Hester's first opportunity of favouring 
 Kinraid's suit consisted in being as long as 
 possible over his milking ; so never were 
 cows that required such stripping, or we're 
 expected to yield such afterings, as Black 
 Nell and Daisy that night. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xv. 
 
 STROAKINGS, the last milk drawn from 
 a cow. 
 
 The cook entertained me with choice bits, 
 the dairy - maid with stroakinys. Smollett, 
 Roderick Random, ch. zl. 
 
 STROAM, to stride. 
 
 He, ejaculating blessings upon his parents, 
 and calling for just vengeance upon himself, 
 stroamed up and down the room. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. III. ch. x. 
 
 STRODLE, to straddle. 
 
 Then Apollyon strodled quite over the 
 whole breadth of the way. Bunyan, Pil- 
 grim's Progress, Pt. i. p. 98. 
 
 STROKE, appetite. 
 
 Lady Ans. God bless you, Colonel, you 
 have a good stroak with you. 
 
 Col. O, Madam, formerly I could eat all, 
 but now I leave nothing. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 STROYAL, waste-all ; spendthrift. 
 A giddie braine maister, and stroyal his knaue, 
 Brings ruling to ruine, and thrift to his graue. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 21. 
 
 STRUMMEL, cant term for straw, g. v. 
 
 The bantling's born ; the doxy's in the 
 sti'ummel, laid by an Autumn mort of their 
 own crew that served for midwife. Broome, 
 Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 STRUMPETOCRACY, the rule of strum- 
 pets ; and so the strumpets exercising 
 that rule. 
 
 The strumpetocracy sits at its ease, in high- 
 cushioned lordliness. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 80. 
 
 STUB is defined in Peacock's Manley 
 and Corringham Glossary "a horse- 
 shoe nail." 
 
 Every blacksmith's shop rung with the 
 rhythmical clang of busy hammers, beating 
 out old iron such as horseshoes, nails, or 
 stubs, into the great harpoons. Mrs. Gaskell, 
 Sylvia's Lovers, ch. xvi. 
 
 STUCK-UP, conceited. In the first ex- 
 tract the word is used in two senses. 
 
 " He's a nasty stuck-up monkey, that's 
 what I consider him," said Mrs. Squeers, re- 
 verting to Nicholas. " Supposing he is," 
 said Squeers, " he's as well stuck up in our 
 schoolroom as anywhere else." Dickens, N. 
 Nickleby, ch. ix. 
 
 Them stuck-up ways may do with the 
 Church folks as can't help themselves, but 
 they'll never do with us Dissenters. Mrs. 
 Oliphant, Salem Chapel, ch. i. 
 
 STUD AND MUD. "Stud and mud 
 walling, building without bricks or 
 stones, with posts and wattles, or laths 
 daubed over with road-muck " (Pea- 
 cock, Manley and Corringham Glos- 
 sary). 
 
 The buildings erected then were either of 
 whole logs, or of timber uprights wattled, 
 such as at this very day in the North is called 
 stud and mud. Archaol., ix. Ill (1789). 
 
 STUDDING, unsteady. 
 
 Elder, asp, and salowe, eyther for theyr 
 wekenes or lyghtenesse, make holow, start- 
 ing, studding, gaddynge shaftes. Ascham, 
 Toxophilus, p. 125. 
 
 STUDDLE. 
 
 I'll tell you what, G., said I, some rascal's 
 been studdling the water ; look at the tail of 
 that weed there, all turned up and tangled. 
 C. Kingsley, 1852 (Life, i. 273). 
 
 STUDENTRY, body of students. 
 
 " If I take in gold, I pay in iron," answered 
 Wulf, drawing half out of its sheath the 
 huge broad blade, at the ominous brown 
 stains of which the studentry recoiled. 
 Kingsley, Hypatia, ch. xvi. 
 
 STUDIED, instructed. 
 
 Can it stand with any Christian sense, or 
 reason of State and true Religion, to exclude 
 those men, beyond any, from all publick 
 Councils of Church and State, who are most 
 in God's and Christ's stead, best studied and 
 acquainted with the Divine "Will ? Gaudett, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 643. 
 
 The State of Avignion, . . . lying as it did 
 within the limits of Provence, and being 
 visited with such of the French Preachers as 
 had been studied at Geneva, the people gener- 
 ally became inclined unto Calvin's doctrines. 
 Heylin's Hist, of the Presbyterians, p. 54. 
 
 STUFF, money. 
 
 Has she got the stuff, Mr. Fag? Is she 
 rich, hey ? Sheridan, Rivals, I. i. 
 
 STUFFING, padding is the term now 
 more generally used. 
 
 If these topics be insufficient habitually to 
 supply what compositors call the requisite
 
 STUGG Y 
 
 ( 630 ) SU ANTICHRIST 
 
 stuffing, . . . recourse is to be had to reviews, 
 magazines, and journals of celebrity for 
 amusive anecdotes. W. Taylor, 1802 (Rob- 
 berds's Mem., i. 425). 
 
 STUGGT, thick -set: a Devonshire 
 word. 
 
 Like enough we could meet them man for 
 man (if we chcse all around the crown and 
 the skirts of Exmoor), and show them what 
 a cross-buttock means, because we are so 
 stugyy ; but in regard of stature, comeliness, 
 and bearing, no woman would look twice at 
 us. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. v. 
 
 STUMP, to pay usually with " up " 
 annexed ; to pay on the stump or nail 
 (?) : money is called stumpy. 
 
 Why don't you ask your old governor to 
 stump up ? Sketches by Boz ( Waikins Tattle). 
 Only a pound ! it's only the price 
 Of hearing a concert once or twice ; 
 It's only the fee 
 You might give Mr. C., 
 And after all not hear his advice ; 
 But common prudence would bid you stump 
 
 it, 
 
 For net to enlarge, 
 It's the regular charge 
 At a Fancy Fair for a penny trumpet. 
 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 STOMPLING, little stump. 
 No poet's rage shall root our stumps and 
 stumplinys. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 146. 
 
 STUMPY, money ; that which is paid 
 down on the nail or stump (slang). 
 See extract s. v. SPANISH. 
 
 Reduced to despair, they ransomed them- 
 selves by the payment of sixpence a head, or, 
 to adopt his own figurative expression in all 
 its native beauty, " till they was reg'larly 
 done over, and forked out the stumpy." 
 Sketches by Boz (The First Cabdriver). 
 
 Down with the stumpy ; a tizzy for a pot 
 of half-and-half. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 STUMPY, short and stout; in the 
 second quotation it means, worn to the 
 stump. 
 
 His knock at the door was answered by a 
 stumpy boy. Sketches by Boz (Mr. Minns). 
 
 Nothing else indicated that this ground- 
 floor chamber was an office, except a huge 
 black inkstand, in which stood a stumpy pen, 
 richly crusted with ink atthenib. Thackeray, 
 A'liabhy Genteel Story, ch. i. 
 
 STUPENT, stupefied. 
 
 The human mind stands stupent ; ejacu- 
 lates the wish that such gulf of falsehood 
 would close itself, before general delirium 
 supervene. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. 
 ii., note. 
 
 STUPLE, a hot bath. Cf. STOUPH. 
 
 Vitruvius . . . saith, Volvebant hypocaustft 
 vaporem, that is, the stuples did send away a 
 waulming hote vapour. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 681. 
 
 STUPRE, rape. 
 
 What is adultery? The unlawful com- 
 pany of man and woman. ... To that per- 
 taineth stupre, incest, fornication, and like 
 abominations. Becon, iii. 611. 
 
 STY, to pig together, q. v. Shakespeare 
 {Temp. i. 2) has sty = to shut up as in 
 
 a. sty. 
 
 What miry wallowers the generality of 
 men of our class are in themselves, and 
 constantly trough and sty with. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, viii. 168. 
 
 STYAN, a pimple in the eye-lid, 
 usually called a sty, q. v. in N. 
 
 I know that a styan, as it is called, upon 
 the eyelid could be easily reduced, though 
 not instantaneously, by the slight application 
 of any golden trinket. De Quincey, Autob. 
 Sketches, i. 72. 
 
 STYLET, a pointed iron instrument or 
 weapon ; a stiletto. 
 
 Himself has past 
 His stylet through my back. 
 
 Browniny, In a Gondola. 
 At first the strong hieroglyphics graven as 
 with iron stylet on his brow, round his eyes, 
 beside his mouth, puzzled, and baffled in- 
 stinct. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xx. 
 
 STYLISH, fashionable, having a good 
 air or style. 
 
 Did you ever see her ? a smart, stylish girl, 
 they say, but not handsome. Miss Austen, 
 Sense and Sensibility, ch. xxx. 
 
 The hue of her dress was black too, bnt 
 its fashion was so different from her sister's, 
 so much more flowing and becoming it 
 looked as stylish as the other looked puritan- 
 ical. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xxi. 
 
 STYLISHNESS, fashionableness. 
 
 Her air, though it had not all the decided 
 pretension, the resolute stylishness of Miss 
 Thorpe's, had more real elegance. Miss 
 Austen, Northanyer Abbey, ch. viii. 
 
 STYLIST, the owner of a style in 
 writing. 
 
 The latter [Addison] while notably dis- 
 tinguished as a stylist for ease, a quality not 
 to be imitated, combines with it the extreme 
 of inexactness, and, more particularly, is 
 altogether anti-archaic. Hall, Modern Eng- 
 lish, p. 10. 
 
 SUBANTICHRIST, a lesser antichrist. 
 
 These two main reasons of the prelates 
 . . . are the very womb for a new subantichrist 
 to breed in. Milton, Reason of Ch. Gov., Bk. 
 I. ch. vi.
 
 SUB-BLUSH 
 
 ( 631 ) SUBTER-SUBTERLATim 
 
 SUB-BLUSH, to blush slightly. 
 
 Raising up her eyes, sub-blushing as she did 
 it, she took up the gauntlet. Sterne, Tr. 
 Shandy, vi. 174. 
 
 SUBCONCEALED, hidden underneath. 
 
 To lye grossly and without art is a pro- 
 letarian vice, but to do it with address and 
 subconcealed artifice shews an academic edu- 
 cation. North, Examen, p. 430. 
 
 SUBDIMINISH, to lessen still more 
 something which had been already 
 reduced. 
 
 He caused new Coines (unknown before) 
 to be made. . . . But the worst was ..." the 
 weight was somewhat abated." . . . Yea, 
 succeeding Princes, following this pattern, 
 have sub-diminished their Coin ever since. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Wilts (ii. 443). 
 
 SUBDIVISIONATE, to subdivide. See 
 extract s. v. DIVISIONATE. 
 
 SUBDUE, subjugation. 
 
 Kemilia's love is far more either priz'd 
 Than Jeroboam's or the world's subdue. 
 
 Greene, Looking Glass, p. 119. 
 
 SUBDUEMENT, conquest. The only 
 example in the Diets, is from Troilus 
 and Cressida, iv. 5 ; and Johnson 
 pronounces it to be " a word not used, 
 nor worthy to be used." It is not, 
 however, quite peculiar to Shakespeare. 
 
 He sent a solemn embassage to Pope 
 Adrian the fourth to craue leaue for the 
 subdument of that countrey. Daniel, Hist, 
 of Eng., p. 81. 
 
 SUBINDIVIDUAL, a division of that 
 which is individual. 
 
 An individual cannot branch itself into 
 subindividuals ; but this word angel doth in 
 the tenth verse, " Fear none of those things 
 which thou shalt suffer ; behold, the devil 
 shall cast some of you into prison." Milton 
 Animadv. on Remonst., sect. 13. 
 
 SUBJECTURE, submission : in the ex- 
 tract the sign of the genitive is, as often 
 in old writers, omitted. 
 What eye can look through cleere Loue's 
 
 spectacle, 
 
 On Vertue's maiestie that shines in beauty, 
 But (as to nature's diuin'st miracle), 
 Perf ormes not to it all subjecture dutie ? 
 
 Davies, Witte's Pilgrimage, st. 32. 
 
 SUBORDAIN, to ordain to an inferior 
 position. Davies is speaking of the 
 subordination of Nature to God. 
 For she is finite in her acts and powre, 
 But so is not that Powre omnipotent 
 That Nature subordairfd chiefe Governor 
 Of fading creatures while they do endure. 
 
 Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 24. 
 
 SUBPENAL, subject to legal authority 
 and penalties. 
 
 These meetings of Ministers must be 
 authoritative, not arbitrary, not precarious, 
 but subpenall; otherwise the restiveness, 
 laziness, wantonness, and factiousness of 
 some will mar all ; either forbearing all 
 meetings, or perturbing them, if they be not 
 kept in some awe as well as order by their 
 betters and superiours. Gauden, Tears of thy 
 Church, p. 483. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIVE, belonging to the sub- 
 scription or signature. 
 
 I made the messenger wait while I tran- 
 scribed it. I have endeavoured to imitate 
 the subscriptive part. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, viii. 78. 
 
 SUBSTANCELESS, unsubstantial*; empty. 
 If rootless thus, thus substanceless thy state, 
 Go, weigh thy dreams, and be thy hopes thy 
 
 fears 
 The counterweights. 
 
 Coleridge, Human Life. 
 
 You have made that life substanceless as a 
 ghost, that future barren as the grave. 
 Lytton, What will he do with it? Bk. IX. 
 ch. i. 
 
 SUBSYCOPHANT, inferior parasite. 
 
 His lordship was . . . ill-used at court by 
 the Earl of Sunderland, Jeffries, and their 
 subsycophants. North, Life of Lord Guilford, 
 ii. 222. 
 
 SUBTECTACLE, tabernacle ; covering. 
 This is true Faith's intire subtectacle ; 
 Propitiatorie Sacrifice for sinne. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 20. 
 What shall I say ? A mass of miserie, 
 
 Confusion's Chaos, Frailtie's Spectacle, 
 The World's Disease, Time's vgliest Prodigie, 
 Th' abuse of Men, and Shame's subtectacle. 
 Ibid., Muse's Sacrifice, p. 10. 
 
 SUBTERRENE, subterranean. 
 
 The earth is full of subterrene fires. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 202. 
 
 Not what stands above ground, but what 
 lies unseen under it, as the root and sub- 
 terrene element it sprang from and emblemed 
 forth, determines the value. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 138. 
 
 SDBTERRESTRIAL, below the earth. 
 
 The most reputable way of entring into 
 this subterrestrial country is to come in at 
 the fore-door. T. Brown, Works, ii. 209. 
 
 SUBTER-SUBTERLATIVE, a lower degree 
 of comparison than the (ordinarily) 
 lowest. 
 
 I much admire that none have since begun 
 an order of Minor-minimos, the rather be- 
 cause of the Apostle's words of himself, 
 " who am lesse than the least of all saints."
 
 SUBTILIZER 
 
 ( 632 ) 
 
 SUGAR 
 
 ... as I may say, a subtei'-subterlative in his 
 humility. Fuller, Ch. Hist., VI. i. 17. 
 
 SUBTILIZER, a splitter of hairs ; one 
 who would draw fine distinctions. 
 North says of Chief Justice Hales 
 that he was often 
 
 A slave to prejudice, a subtilizer, and 
 inventor of unheard of distinctions. Life 
 of Lord Gut/ford, i. 118. 
 
 SUBTLETIES, dainties. 
 
 At the end of the dinner they have bella- 
 ria, certain subtleties, custards, sweet and 
 delicate things. Latimer, i. 467. 
 
 SUBURBICAN, neighbouring ; belong- 
 ing to the suburbs. 
 
 It ... extended not only to the walls of 
 that city, but to the suburbican distributions. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 27. 
 
 SUBURBS, used as a singular for 
 suburb. Cf. LEADS. 
 
 From which Northward, is the Market- 
 place and St. Nicolas's Church, from whence 
 for a good way shoots out a Suburbs to the 
 North-east, . . . and each Suburbs has its 
 particular Church. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, iii. 213. 
 
 SUBVENTITIOUS, supporting. 
 
 He should never help, aid, supply, succour, 
 nor grant them any subventitious furtherance. 
 Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xxxiii. 
 
 SUBVIRILE, timid ; deficient in manli- 
 ness. 
 
 This put abundance of people of sulvirile 
 tempers into a twitter. North, Examen, 
 p. 549. 
 
 SUCCEDENT, the success or result. 
 
 Such is the mutability of the inconstant 
 Vulgar, desirous of new things but never 
 contented ; despising the time being, extol- 
 ling that of their forefathers, and ready to 
 act any mischief to try by alteration the suc- 
 cedent.Hist. of Edw. II., p. 143. 
 
 SUCCOURESS, female helper. 
 Of trauayl of Trojans O Queene, thee 
 succeres only. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 581. 
 
 SUCCUB, a succuba ; a female fiend. 
 Our Succub Satanick now found 
 She touch'd his soul in place unsound. 
 
 D'Urfey, Athenian Jilt. 
 
 SUCCUBINE, pertaining to a succuba, 
 or demon in female shape. 
 Oh happy the slip from his Succubine grip 
 That saved the Lord Abbot. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (S. Nicholas), 
 
 SUCCUMBENT, submissive. 
 
 Queen Morphandra . . useth to make nature 
 herself not only succumbent and passive to 
 her desires, but actually subservient and 
 
 pliable to her transmutations and changes. 
 Howell, Parly of easts, p. 2. 
 
 SUCKING, young ; just entering on a 
 profession. 
 
 My enemies are but sucking criticks, who 
 would fain be nibbling ere their teeth are 
 come. Dryden, All for Love (Preface). 
 
 I suppose you're a young barrister, sucking 
 lawyer, or that sort of thing, because you 
 was put at the end of the table, and nobody 
 took notice of you. Thackeray, Newcomes, 
 ch. v. 
 
 SUCKLING, sucker. 
 
 The wanton Suckling and the Vine 
 
 Will strive for th' honour, who first may 
 
 With their green Arms incircle thine 
 To keep the burning Sun away. 
 
 Lawes, Ayres and Dialogues, p. 16. 
 
 SUFFICIENT, sufficiency. 
 
 One man's sufficient is more available than 
 ten thousands multitude. Sidney, Arcadia, 
 p. 452. 
 
 SUFFLATE, to inspire. 
 
 An inflam'd zeal-burning mind 
 Sufflated by the Holy Wind. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, c. iii. 
 p. 266. 
 
 SUFFRAGE, to elect or vote for. 
 
 Why should not the piety and conscience 
 of Englishmen, as members of the church, be 
 trusted in the election of pastors to func- 
 tions that nothing concern a monarch, as 
 well as their worldly wisdoms are privileged 
 as members of the state in suffraying their 
 knights and burgesses to matters that con- 
 cern him nearly. Milton, Reformation in 
 England, Bk. II. 
 
 SUFFRAGIST. Universal suffragist = 
 one who goes in for universal suffrage. 
 
 It is curious that one born and bred such 
 an ultra exclusive as Louisa Castlefort, 
 should be obliged after her marriage imme- 
 diately to open her doors, and turn ultra 
 liberale, or an universal suffragist. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xxxv. 
 
 SUFFRONT, frontal for the altar. 
 
 Religion might have a dialect proper to 
 itself, as paten, chalice, corpornl, albe, para- 
 phront, suffront for the hangings above and 
 beneath the table. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 ii. 107. 
 
 SUGAR, to sweeten with sugar : the 
 examples in the Diets, are only of the 
 past participle, and that in a figurative 
 sense, " sugared speeches," &c. 
 
 He sugared, and creamed, and drank, and 
 spoke not. Miss Edyeicorth, Helen, ch. 
 xxx vi. 
 
 When I sugar my liquor, I like to feel 
 that I am benefiting the country by main-
 
 SUGARCHEST ( 633 ) 
 
 SUNBURNT 
 
 taining tradesmen of the right colour. O. 
 Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. li. 
 
 SUGABCHEST. 
 To flesh and blood this Tree but wormewood 
 
 seemes, 
 How ere the same may be of Suger-chest. 
 
 Dames, Holy Roode (Dedic.). 
 
 SUGAR-PLATE, sweet-meats. 
 
 There be also other like epigrammes that 
 were sent vsually for new yeares giftes, or 
 to be printed or put vpon their banketting 
 dishes of sugar-plate or of marchpanes, and 
 such other dainty meates. Puttenham, Eny. 
 Poesie, Bk. I. ch. xxx. 
 
 SUITOR, to woo. 
 
 Counts a many, and Dukes a few, 
 A suitoring came to my father's Hall. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (S. Nicholas). 
 
 SUITORCIDE, suitor-killing. Sydney 
 Smith speaks of " the suitorcide delays 
 of the Court of Chancery ; " see the 
 passage s. v. PLOUSIOCRACY. 
 
 SUITY, fitting ; suitable. 
 In loue, in care, in diligence and dutie, 
 Be thou her sonne, sith this to sonues is 
 
 sutie. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode. p. 18. 
 
 SULCK, to plough, or furrow. See 
 another extract from Stanyhurst s. v. 
 PLOWSWAIN. 
 
 Soom synck too bottoms, sulckiny the 
 surges asunder. Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 117. 
 
 SULK, a furrow. The speaker is a 
 pedantic schoolmaster. 
 
 The surging sulks of the Sandiferous Seas. 
 Sidney, Wanstead Play, p. 619. 
 
 SULKS, a fit of sulkiness. 
 
 She is uncommonly well read, and says 
 confounded clever things too when she wakes 
 up out of the sulks. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 'Tis an honest lad, and a' shall have her, 
 gien she will but leave her sulks, and consent. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Hi. 
 
 She thought that sulks would be her game ; 
 so sulks it was ; to be carried on until the 
 Vicar relented. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Ham- 
 lyn, ch. ix. 
 
 SULLEN, sullenness ; the plural, " the 
 sullens" is not uncommon. 
 
 If his Majesty were moody, and not in- 
 clin'd to his propositions, he would fetch 
 him out of that sullen with a pleasant jest. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 84. 
 
 SULLEN -SICK, sick with ill -humour. 
 Halliwell says " sick of the sullens" 
 occurs in Lilly. 
 
 If the state ... lie sullen-sick of Naboth's 
 vineyard, the lawyer is perchance not sent 
 for, but gone to. Adams, i. 330. 
 
 On the denyall, Ahab falls sullen-sick. 
 Fuller, Pi&gah Sight, II. vii. 7. 
 
 SUMMER BIRD, a cuckold ; the refer- 
 ence being to the cuckoo; 
 
 Some other knave 
 Shall dub her husband a summer bird. 
 
 Scholehouse of Women, 1560. 
 So the poore man was cruelly beaten, and 
 made a Summer's Bird. Sackful of News, 
 1673. 
 
 SUMMERLY, belonging to summer ; 
 summerlike. 
 
 As summerly as June and Strawberry-hill 
 may sound, I assure you I am writing to you 
 by the fire-side. Walpole to Mann, ii. 305 
 (1749). 
 
 The weather is but lukewarm, and I should 
 choose to have all the windows shut, if my 
 smelling was not much more summerly than 
 my feeling ; but the frowziness of obsolete 
 tapestry and needlework is insupportable. 
 Ibid., Letters, iii. 370 (1771). 
 
 SUMMER-RIPE, quite ripe. 
 
 It is an injury, or in his word, a curse upon 
 corn, when it is summer-ripe not to be cut- 
 down with the sickle. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, ii. 228. 
 
 SUMMER-ROOM, summer-house ; which 
 is the more usual word. N. has sum- 
 mer-parlour. 
 
 On the summit of this Hill his Lordship is 
 building a Summer-room. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Britain, i. 335. 
 
 SUMMON, a summons. 
 
 Upon these so hasty summons we addressed 
 ourselves towards him. Munday, English 
 Romayne Life, 1590 (Harl. Misc., vii. 189). 
 
 Esther durst not come into the presence 
 till the sceptre had given her admission ; a 
 summon of that emboldens her. Adams, iii. 
 250. 
 
 SUMPH, a simpleton. 
 
 " And you, ye silly sumph," she said to 
 poor Yellowley, " what do ye stand glowering 
 there for ? " Scott, Pirate, i. 104. 
 Put your conjuring cap on, consider and see, 
 If you can't beat that stupid old sumph with 
 
 his tea. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Lord ofThoulouse}. 
 
 A very sumph art thou, I wis. Nayler, 
 Reynard the Fox, p. 37. 
 
 SUMPT, expense ; sumptuousness. 
 
 They spake dryly, more to taunt the sumpt 
 of our show than to seem to know the cause 
 of our coming. Patten, Exped. to Scotl., 
 1548 (Eng. Garner., iii. 74). 
 
 SUNBURNT. Ascham applies the
 
 SUNDA YS 
 
 ( 634 ) SUPERNUMEROUS 
 
 word curiously to superficial scholars, 
 whose mind receives as transient an 
 impression from what they read as the 
 face does from exposure to the summer 
 sun. 
 
 But to dwell in epitomes and books of 
 common places, and not to bind himself daily 
 by orderly study to read with all diligence 
 principally the holiest Scripture, and withal 
 the best doctors, and so to learn to make true 
 difference betwixt the authority of the one 
 and the counsel of the other, maketh so many 
 seeming and sunburnt ministers as we have ; 
 whose learning is gotten in a summer heat, 
 and washed away with a Christmas snow 
 again. Schoolmaster, p. 137. 
 
 SUNDAYS. Month of Sundays, a 
 common expression for an indefinite 
 long time. 
 
 I haven't heard more fluent or passionate 
 English this month of Sundays. C. Kingsley, 
 Alton Locke, ch. xxvii. 
 
 SONDERMENT, separation. 
 
 I saw him ill, oh how ill ! I felt myself 
 well ; it was therefore apparent who must 
 be the survivor in case of sunderment. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, vii. 318. 
 
 SUNSHINE. To be in the sunshine = 
 to have taken too much to drink. 
 
 As each snap had been followed by a few 
 glasses of " mixture," containing a less liberal 
 proportion of water than the articles he him- 
 self labelled with that broad generic name, 
 he was in that condition which his groom 
 indicated with poetic ambiguity by saying 
 that " master had been in the sunshine." G. 
 Eliot, Janet's Repentance, ch. i. 
 
 SUPELLECTILE, pertaining to furni- 
 ture (Lat. supellex). In the extract it 
 seems = ornamental ; pertaining, that 
 is. to the adornments not the fabric. 
 
 The heart of the Jews is empty of faith 
 . . . garnished with a few broken traditions 
 and ceremonies ; supellectile complements 
 instead of substantial graces. Adams, ii. 37. 
 
 SUPER-CEREMONIOUS, too much ad- 
 dicted to ceremonies. 
 
 Most (if not all) of them were . . . con- 
 demned before they were tryed for super- 
 stitious and Super - ceremonious Prelates. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 625. 
 
 SUPERCONKORMITY, over conformity. 
 Gauden refers to those who were over 
 precise in ceremonies, &c., as to which 
 the Church had laid down no precise 
 rules. 
 
 I never had either heart or hand, tongue 
 or pen, to assert anything that was by private 
 or particular men's fancies brought in ; either 
 to a peevish non-conformity, or to a prag- 
 
 matick super-conformity. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 113. 
 
 SUPERCRITICAL, too nice ; hyper- 
 critical is the more common and more 
 correct word. 
 
 There are some supercilious censors and 
 supercritica.ll criticks who cavill at, disown, 
 disgrace, and deny this glorious Name of 
 the Church of England. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 15. 
 
 SUPEREROGATORIAN, the word is coined 
 by Mr. Selby in regard to Miss Byron's 
 relations because they believed her per- 
 fect, or even more perfect than she 
 need be. 
 
 With all your relations indeed, their Har- 
 riet can not be in fault . . . Svpereroyatorians 
 all of them (I will make words whenever I 
 please) with their attributions to you. 
 Richardson, Grandison, i. 35. 
 
 SUPER-FIDEL, believing too much ; 
 superstitious. See extract s. v. SEMI- 
 FIDEL. 
 
 SUPERFUSE, to pour on the top cf 
 something else. 
 
 Dr. Slayer shewed us an experiment of a 
 wonderful nature, pouring first a very cold 
 liquor into a glass, and superfusing on it an- 
 other. Evelyn, Diary, Dec. 13, 1685. 
 
 SUPERHUMERAL, a burden ; that which 
 is placed on the shoulders. 
 
 Two ditferences I find between Him and 
 others : the faults and errors of their govern- 
 ment, others do bear and suffer indeed 
 suffer them, but suffer not for them. He 
 did both ; endured them, and endured for 
 them heavy things ; a strange superhumeral, 
 the print whereof was to be seen on his 
 shoulders. A ndrewes, Sermons, i. 25. 
 
 SUPERIORNESS, superiority. 
 
 I don't see the great superiorness of learn- 
 ing, if it can't keep a man's temper out of a 
 passion. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. III. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 SUPERNODITIE, a burlesque title = 
 supreme foolishness. 
 
 There is one great foole of their owne 
 chusing . . . who ... to the subjects of bis 
 Supernoditie, set downe certaine articles to 
 be obserued and carefooly lookt unto. 
 Breton, Stranye Newes, p. 6. 
 
 SUPERNUMERARY, a theatrical term 
 for a person employed to go on as one 
 of a crowd in a play, or as a mute figure. 
 
 They have been purchased of some wretched 
 superniimerariesor sixth-rate actors. Sketches 
 from Bo: (Brokers 1 Shops'). 
 
 SUPERNUMEROUS, over-many ; super- 
 abundant.
 
 SUPEROMNIVALENT ( 635 ) 
 
 SUPPLE-JACK 
 
 The Earl of Oxford was heavily fined for 
 supernumerous attendance. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Northampton (ii. 182). 
 
 SUPEROMNIVALENT, supremely power- 
 ful over all. 
 
 God by powre super-omnivalent. Davies, 
 Mirum in Modum, p. 22. 
 
 SUPERPLUS, excess; superfluity. R. 
 and L. have superplusage : overplus 
 and surplusage are more common than 
 either. 
 
 You will have riches more than enough 
 for every natural want, for every rational 
 wish, and it will sweeten your enjoyment 
 of them, and draw down the blessings of 
 Heaven on your head, to employ the super- 
 plus in acts of private benevolence and public 
 spirit. Johnston, Chrysal, i. 18. 
 
 SOPERPOLITIC, specially politic (used 
 disparagingly) : in Milton perhaps the 
 meaning is that the axiom is at the 
 head of all politics an infallible prin- 
 ciple. 
 
 Of late years that superpolitic and irre- 
 fragable society of the Loyolists have propt 
 up the Ivy. Hoicell, Dodona's Grove, p. 60. 
 
 [The Jesuits] have invented this super- 
 politic aphorism, as one terms it, One Pope 
 and one King. Milton, Reformation in Eng., 
 Bk. II. 
 
 God hath satisfied either the superpolitick 
 or the simple sort of ministers with their own 
 delusions. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 251. 
 
 SUPERSEMINATION, a sowing on the 
 top of something previously sown. The 
 Vulgate (S. Matt. xiii. 25) has, " Venit 
 itiimicus ejus et superseminavit zizania 
 in medio tritici." 
 
 No good Christian can dislike the Hus- 
 baudman's sowing of wheat, but every good 
 Christian doth dislike the envious man's 
 supersemination. or sowing of tares above the 
 wheat. Bramhall, ii. 132. 
 
 They were no more than tares .... and 
 being of another sowing (a super semination, 
 as the Vulgar reads it) and sown on purpose 
 by a cunning and industrious enemy to raise 
 an harvest to himself, they neither can pre- 
 tend to the same antiquity, and much less to 
 the purity of that sacred seed with which the 
 field was sown at first by the heavenly Hus- 
 bandman. Heylin, Reformation (Dedication). 
 
 SUPERSENSUAL, above the senses ; im- 
 material supra-sensual occurs in quo- 
 tation s. v. BOTTLE-BOY. 
 
 In spiritual supersensual matters no belief 
 is possible. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. I. 
 ch. ii. 
 
 In our inmost hearts there is a sentiment 
 which Links the ideal of beauty with the 
 
 Supersensual. Lytton, What will he do with 
 it ? Bk. VII. ch. xxiii. 
 For such a supersensual sensual bond 
 As that gray cricket chirpt of at our hearth 
 Touch flax with flame a glance will serve 
 the liars ! Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 SuPERSTRUCTOR, one who builds up 
 on anything. 
 
 Was Oates's narrative a foundation or a 
 superstructure, or was he one of the super- 
 structors or not ? North, Examen, p. 193. 
 
 SUPER-SUPEREROGATE, to do infinitely 
 more than was required. 
 These super-supvreroyating workes 
 Proceeding from Thy superinducing loue 
 Might make us (though farre worse than 
 
 Jewes or Turkes) 
 To entertaine them as Thou dost approue. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 17. 
 
 SUPERTERRANEAN, above the earth. 
 The " superterranean quarry" in the 
 extract is an old castle on the Rhine. 
 
 It was one of those superterranean quarries 
 which are sometimes seen to spread them- 
 selves to such a miraculous extent in that 
 region. Mrs. Trollope, Michael Armstrong, 
 ch. xxxiii. 
 
 SUPERVISAL, supervision ; superin- 
 tendence. 
 
 Gilders, carvers, upholsterers, and picture 
 cleaners are labouring at their several forges, 
 and I do not love to trust a hammer or brush 
 without my own supervisal. Walpole, Let- 
 ters, ii. 445 (1763) . 
 
 SUPERVISIT, to supervise ; to watch 
 over. 
 
 Lock up this vessel with the key of faith, 
 bar it with resolution against sin, guard it 
 with supervisiting diligence, and repose it in 
 the bosom of thy Saviour. Adams, i. 261. 
 
 SUPPER, to take or to give supper. 
 
 This night we cut down all our corn, and 
 many persons suppered here. Meeke, Diary, 
 Aug. 27, 1691. 
 
 Kester was supperiny the horses. Mrs. 
 Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. vi. 
 
 SUFFERING, supper. 
 
 The breakfasting-time, the preparations 
 for dinner, . . . and the supperings will fill up 
 a great part of the day in a very necessary 
 manner. Richardson, Pamela, ii. 62. 
 
 SUPPLE-JACK, a strong, pliant cane. 
 Take, take my supple-jack, 
 Play St. Bartholomew with many a back, 
 Flay half the Academic imps alive. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 133. 
 He was in form aiid spirit like a supple- 
 jack yielding, but tough ; though he bent,
 
 SUPREMITY 
 
 ( 636 
 
 SUSP1RIOUS 
 
 he never broke. Irving, Sketch Book (Sleepy 
 Hollow). 
 
 SUPREMITY, supremacy. 
 
 Henry the Eighth . . . without leave or 
 liberty from the Pope (whose Supremity he 
 had suppressed iu his dominions . . . wrote 
 himself King [of Ireland]. Fuller, Worthies, 
 ch. vi. 
 
 SUKBRAVE, to bedizen ; make fine ; or 
 if ' their ' refers to the bands of the 
 other nations, surbrave would = to ex- 
 cel in finery. 
 
 The Persians proud (th' Empyre was in their 
 
 hands) 
 
 With plates of gold surbraued all their bands. 
 Hudson's Judith, III. 22. 
 
 SURCEASSE, cessation. 
 
 Yee priests also hight Druidse, your sacri- 
 fices leaw'd 
 
 And barb ; rous rites, which were forlet, in 
 wars Surceasse, renew'd. 
 
 Holland's Camden, p. 13. 
 
 SURCHARGEMENT, surplus. 
 
 The apt mixture of their phlegmatique and 
 sanguine complexions, with their promis- 
 cuous ingendring without any tye of mar- 
 riage, yeelded that continuall surcharyement 
 of people, as they were forced to vnburthen 
 themselves on other countries. Daniel, Hist, 
 of Eng., p. 23. 
 
 SURCLOY, to surfeit. 
 
 Last night with surfet and with sleep sur- 
 
 cloyd, 
 
 This careles step-dame her own child o'rlayd. 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 490. 
 Who readeth much and never meditates, 
 
 Is like a greedy eater of much food, 
 Who so surcloyes his stomach with his cates 
 That commonly they doo him little good. 
 Ibid., Quadrains of Pibrac, st. 62. 
 
 SURED, assured. 
 
 For ever blinded of our clearest light ; 
 For ever lamed of our sured might. 
 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 443. 
 
 SURGENT, swelling. 
 But yet, my sisters, when the suryent seas 
 Have ebb'd their fill, their waves do rise 
 
 again. 
 
 Greene, Alphonsus, King of Arragon, Act I. 
 
 SORLYBOOTS, a surly fellow. Cf . LAZY- 
 BOOTS. 
 
 A sudden jolt their slumbers broke, 
 They started all, and all awoke ; 
 When Surly-boots yawn'd wide and spoke. 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. 22. 
 
 SURMISANT, one who surmises. 
 
 He meant no reflection upon her ladyship's 
 informants, or rather surmisants (as he might 
 call them), be they who they would. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 179. 
 
 SCRPRISEABLE, surprising. The 
 speaker in the extract is an uneducated 
 person. 
 
 It's rather surpriseable to me he should 
 never have thought of it. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. x. ch. vi. 
 
 SURPRISEMENT, surprisal. 
 Many skirmishes interpassed with surprise- 
 ments of castles. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 47. 
 
 SURREBOUND, to echo repeatedly. 
 
 Both sides ran together with a sound, 
 That earth resounded, and great heav'n 
 about did surrebound. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xxi. 361. 
 
 SURROUND, to go round. 
 
 I finde that my name-sake, Thomas Fuller, 
 was pilot in the ship called the Desire, 
 wherein Captain Cavendish surrounded the 
 world. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. xi. (Dedica- 
 tion). 
 
 SURROUNDINGS, things around. 
 
 The ceiling and walls were smoky, and 
 all the surroundings were dark enough to 
 throw into relief the human figures. G. 
 Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 SURSTYLE, to surname. 
 
 Gildas, sirnamed the Wise, . . . was also 
 otherwise sur-stiled Querulus, because the 
 little we have of his writings is only "A 
 Complaint." Fuller, Worthies, Somerset (ii. 
 286). 
 
 SUSPECTIBLE, liable to suspicion. It 
 will be seen that this word which Poe 
 craved was already in existence ; sus- 
 pectful will be found in more than one 
 passage in Milton's Prose Works. 
 
 As poverty is generally suspectible, the 
 widow must be got handsomely aforehand, 
 and no doubt but she is. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, iii. 358. 
 
 When we speak of " a suspicious man," 
 we may mean either one who suspects, or 
 one to be suspected. Our language needs 
 either the adjective " suspectful " or the 
 adjective " suspectable." E. A. Poe, Margin- 
 alia (iii. 606). 
 
 SUSPENDERS, braces. 
 
 Correspondences are like small-clothes 
 before the invention of suspenders; it is 
 impossible to keep them up. Sidney Smith, 
 Letters, 1841. 
 
 SUSPERCOLLATED, hung ; sus per coll. , 
 a ludicrous coined word. 
 
 None of us Duvals have been suspercollated 
 to my knowledge. Thackeray, Denis Duval, 
 ch. i. 
 
 SUSPIRIOUS, sighing. Sydney Smith 
 (i. 166) speaks of Methodist preachers
 
 SUSSAPINM 
 
 ( 637 ) 
 
 SWANNY 
 
 as " the lacrymal and suspirious 
 clergy." 
 
 SUSSAPINE, a kind of silk (?). 
 
 I'll deck my Alvida 
 la sendal and in costly sussapine. 
 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, 
 p. 128. 
 
 SUSTENTATE, to sustain. 
 
 He was only the first of a long lisb of holy 
 and hard-hitting ones who have, by this 
 divine restorative, been sustentated, fortified, 
 corroborated, and consoled. Reade, Cloister 
 and Hearth, ch. ii. 
 
 SUSTINENT, support. 
 
 Yea make vs make the Orphane's home our 
 
 brest, 
 
 And our right arme the Weedowe's sustinent. 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 70. 
 
 SUSUBRANT, whispering. 
 
 The soft susurrant sigh, and gently murmur- 
 ing kiss. Poetry of Antijacobin, p. 146. 
 
 SUTHERY. 
 
 All the devils of hel together 
 Stood in aray, in suche apparel 
 As for that day there meetly fel ; 
 Their homes wel gilt, their clawes ful clene, 
 Their tayles wel kempt, and, as I ween, 
 With slithery butter their bodies anointed ; 
 I never saw devils so wel appointed. 
 
 Heywood, Four Ps. (Dodsley, 0. PI., i. 112). 
 
 SUYCENERS, Swiss : the extract is a 
 note of Udal's own. 
 
 The Suyceners are the whole nacion of 
 Suycerlande which is called in Latine Helue- 
 tia, and the people of Heluetii, menne of 
 soche sorte that for money they will fight, 
 they care not under whose banner. And 
 subjectes they ar vnto no prince, ne do any 
 thing passe on life or death, heauen or helle. 
 UdaFs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 307. 
 
 SUYCERLANDE, Switzerland. See s. v. 
 SUYCENERS. 
 
 SWAB, an awkward fellow. Cf. 
 
 SWAPPES. 
 
 He swore accordingly at the lieutenant, 
 and called him . . . swab and lubbard. 
 Smollett, Rod. Random, ch. xxiv. 
 
 SWABBERS. " Certain cards at whist 
 by which the holder was entitled to a 
 part of the stakes were termed swab- 
 bers " (Halliwell). A particular form 
 of whist seems to have been called 
 whisk and swabbers. 
 
 As whisk and swabbers was the game then 
 in the chief vogue, they were oblig'd to 
 look for a fourth person, in order to make 
 up their parties. Fielding, Jonathan Wild, 
 Bk. I. ch. iv. 
 
 The society of half a dozen of clowni to 
 
 play at whisk and swabbers would give her 
 more pleasure than if Ariosto himself were 
 to awake from the dead. Scott, Rob Rou, i. 
 225. 
 
 SWAG, plunder ; booty ; that which 
 swings heavily. See quotation s. v. 
 CRACK. 
 
 " It's all arranged about bringing off the 
 swag, is it ? " asked the Jew. Sikes nodded. 
 Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xix. 
 'Twas awful to hear, as she went along, . . . 
 The dark allusion, or bolder brag 
 Of the dexterous dodge, and the lots of swag. 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 He will shake all that nonsense to blazes 
 when he finds himself out under the moon 
 with the swag on one side and the gallow son 
 the other. Reade, Never too late to mend, 
 ch. xlvi. 
 
 SWAINING, love-making, or (to ex- 
 plain one slang word by another) 
 spooning. 
 
 His general manner had a good deal of 
 what in female slang is called swaining. 
 Mrs. Irollope, Michael Armstrong, ch. i. 
 
 SWALLOWABLE, credible. 
 
 The reader, who for the first time meets 
 with an anecdote in its hundredth edition, 
 and its most mitigated and swallowable form, 
 may very naturally receive it in simple good 
 faith. Maitland, Essays on the Reformation, 
 p. 315. 
 
 SWALLOW-PIPE, gullet ; wind-pipe. 
 Each paunch with guttling was so swelled, 
 Not one bit more could pass your swallow- 
 pipe. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 147. 
 
 SWALLOW'S TAIL, a tongue always 
 wagging. There may be a sort of pun 
 on swallow-tail = an arrow, q. v. 
 He'd tire your ear with pentagons. 
 With bastions, ravellings, and half -moons, 
 With counterscarp and parapet, 
 Eampires and horn-works make you sweat ; 
 And all your outworks would assail 
 With his eternal sicallow's tail. 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, canto i. 
 
 SWALLOW-TAIL, an arrow. 
 
 The English then strode forward, and 
 drew their bowstrings not to the breast, as 
 your Highland kerne do, but to the ear and 
 sent off their volleys of swallow-tails before 
 we could call on St. Andrew. Scott, Fair 
 Maid of Perth, ii. 223. 
 
 SWANKING, big ; strapping. 
 There goes a tall ensign, there's a swanking 
 fellow for you ! T. Eroicn, Works, ii. 192. ' 
 
 SWANNY, swan-like. 
 
 Once more bent to my ardent lips the 
 swanny glossiness of a neck late so stately. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 22.
 
 SWAPPES 
 
 ( 638 
 
 SWAPPES, a term of reproach, like 
 SWAB, q. v. 
 And yet this swappes that neuer bloodied 
 
 sword. 
 Is but a coward, braue it as he list. 
 
 Breton, PasquiFs Madcappe, p. 6. 
 
 SWARDED, turfed. 
 
 This swarded circle into which the lime-walk 
 brings us. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Lady Geraldine's 
 Courtship. 
 
 SWARF, to swoon. H. gives it as a 
 Northern word, but Master Erasmus 
 Holiday, the speaker in the subjoined 
 extract, lived in the Vale of White- 
 horse. Scott, however, did not. 
 
 The poor vermin was likely at first to 
 swarf for very hunger. Scott, Kenilworth, 
 i. 173. 
 
 SWARTH, sward ; usually, however, 
 it means a swathe ; at full swarth 
 in full swing ; the idea may be that of 
 the sweep of a scythe making swarths. 
 
 Though his design miscarried, his malice 
 was at full swarth. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 529. 
 
 The mountains instead of heath are 
 covered with a fine green swarth, affording 
 pasture to innumerable flocks of sheep. 
 Smollett, Humphrey Clinker, ii. 101. 
 For I have loved the rural walk through lanes 
 Of grassy swarth close cropp'd by nibbling 
 
 sheep. Cowper, TJie Sofa, 110. 
 
 SWARTHINESS, pallor. 
 
 Eich gormandisers have not been acquaint- 
 ed indeed with this misery, . . . but the poor, 
 the poor have grieved, groaned under this 
 burden, whiles cleanness of teeth and swar- 
 thiness of look were perceived in the common 
 face. Adams, i. 420. 
 
 SWART-RUTTING, fierce; swaggering; 
 like a German horseman or swart-rutter, 
 q. v. in H. 
 
 I sildome fall into your hands, as being 
 quiet, and making no brawls to have wounds, 
 as swartruttina Velvet - Breeches dooth. 
 Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier (Harl. 
 Misc., v. 406). 
 
 SWASHLY, in a swashing manner; 
 lashing about. 
 
 Their tayls with croompled knot twisting 
 swashlye they wrigled. Stanyhurst, JEn., 
 ii. 220. 
 
 SWASHRUTER, a dashing rider, ap- 
 plied in extract to a strong wind. Cf. 
 swart-rutter in H. 
 
 Then Sootherne swashruter huffling 
 Flundge us on high shelueflats. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 522. 
 
 SWATCH, a pattern ; a shred or piece 
 cut off. 
 
 Consider but those little swatches 
 Used by the fair sex, called patches. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, canto i. 
 
 p. 14. 
 
 There was likewise the allurement of some 
 compendious show of wild beasts ; in short, 
 a swatch of everything that the heart of 
 man has devised for such occasions, to wile 
 away the bawbee. Gait, The Provost, ch. 
 xviii. 
 
 SWATHEL - BINDING, the linen ban- 
 dages in which infants were once 
 swaddled or swathed. N. has swath- 
 bond: and swathing-band is in Hall's 
 Satires, IV. iv. 103. 
 
 I swaddled him in a scurvy swathel-bind- 
 ing. Uryuhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xiv. 
 
 SWATHLE, to swaddle. 
 
 Betweene euery arch the corses lie ranckt 
 one by another, shrouded in a number of 
 folds of liunen, swathled with bands of the 
 same. Sandys, Travels, p. 133. 
 
 SWEAR BY, to place great confidence 
 in some person or thing. 
 
 I have no very good opinion of Mrs. 
 Charles's nursery-maid. . . . Mrs. Charles 
 quite swears by her, I know. Miss Austen, 
 Persuasion, ch. vi. 
 
 " I simply meant to ask if you are one of 
 those who swear by Lord Verulam." " I 
 swear by no man. I do not swear at all ; not 
 on philosophical subjects especially." Miss 
 Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xiv. 
 
 SWEAT, the sweating-sickness. The 
 first extract is from the Parish Register 
 of Loughborough, Leicester. The ru- 
 bric was first inserted in the Prayer- 
 Book of 1552. 
 
 June, 1551. The Swatt called new ac- 
 quyntance, alles Stoupe Knave, and know 
 thy master began the xxiiiith of this monethe 
 1551. Archaol., xxxviii. 107. 
 
 In the time of the Plague, Sweat, or such 
 other like contagious times of sickness or 
 diseases, .... upon special request of the 
 diseased, the Minister may only communi- 
 cate with him. Communion of Sick; last 
 rubric. 
 
 SWEAT. To stveat a golden coin = 
 to knock or pare off as much as is pos- 
 sible from it, without making it no 
 longer current. 
 His each vile sixpence that the world hath 
 
 cheated, 
 And his the art that every guinea sweated. 
 
 Wdcot, P. Pindar, p. 109. 
 
 SWEATER, a middleman between the 
 tailors and their workmen.
 
 SWEATLESS 
 
 ( 639 ) 
 
 SWERVE 
 
 At the honourable shops the master deals 
 directly with his workmen ; while at the 
 dishonourable ones, the greater part of the 
 work, if not the whole, is let out to con- 
 tractors or middle-men "sweaters," as their 
 victims significantly call them who, in 
 their turn, let it out again, sometimes to the 
 workmen, sometimes to fresh middle-men, 
 so that out of the price paid for labour on 
 each article, not only the workmen, but the 
 sweater, and perhaps the sweater's sweater, 
 and a third, and a fourth, and a fifth, have 
 to draw their profit. C. Kinysley, Cheap 
 Clotlies and Nasty. 
 
 SWEATLESS, without toil. 
 Thou that from Heav'n thy daily white-bread 
 
 hast, 
 Thou for whom haruest all the year doth 
 
 last; 
 
 That in poor deserts rich abundance heap'st, 
 That sweatles eat'st, and without sowing 
 
 reap'st. Sylvester, The Lawe, 839. 
 
 SWEDELAND, Sweden. Of. SWETH- 
 
 LAND. 
 
 Let us think no more about it, but travel 
 on as fast as we can southwards into Nor- 
 way, crossing over Swedeland, if you please. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, ii. 190. 
 
 SWEEPSTAKE, sweeping away. "To 
 make sweepstake" seems to mean "to 
 make a clean sweep." See L. s. v. 
 
 "Why will they not pray without pence? 
 If the pope and his prelates were charitable, 
 they would, I trow, make sweepstake at once 
 of purgatory. Bradford, ii. 271. 
 
 I cannot conceive from what ground this 
 general sweepstake of archbishops, bishops, 
 parsons, vicars, and all others in holy orders 
 should proceed. Racket, Life of Williams, 
 ii. 172. 
 
 SWEETBREAD, a bribe or douceur. 
 
 I obtain'd that of the fellow, .... with 
 a few sweetbreads that I gave him out of my 
 purse. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 163. 
 
 SWEPESTRETES, sweeping along the 
 streets, as in procession (?). 
 
 They are but pilde peltinge prestes, 
 knightes of the dongehill, though they be 
 sir swepestretes, maistre doctours, and lord 
 bishoppes. Vocacyon of Johan Bale, 1553 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 461). 
 
 SWEET, to sweeten. 
 
 [Hunger] bothe sweeteth all thynges, and 
 also is a thyng of no cost ne charge. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 2. 
 
 Beeing clensed from my sinne by the onely 
 merite of Thy mercy, and sweeted in my soule 
 by the oile of Thy grace in the fruicts of 
 thanksgiueing, I may glorifye Thy holly 
 name. Breton, Marie's Exercise, p. 11. 
 
 SWEET-CECILY, a plant, the myrrha 
 odorata. 
 
 The abbess of Andoiiillets . . . being in 
 danger of an anchylosis or stiff joint (the 
 sinovia of her knee becoming hard by long 
 matins), and having tried every remedy, . . . 
 treating it with emollient and resolving 
 fomentations, then with poultices of marsh- 
 mallows, mallows, bonus Henricns, white 
 lilies, and fenugreek, . . . then decoctions 
 of wild chicory, water-cresses, chervil, sweet 
 cecily, and cochlearia, and nothing all this 
 while answering, was prevailed on at last to 
 try the hot baths of Bourbon. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, v. 112. 
 
 SWEETEN AND PINCH, a cant term 
 among bailiffs for squeezing money 
 out of their prisoners by holding out 
 hopes of some indulgence. 
 
 A main part of his [bum-bailiff's] office 
 is to swear and bluster at their trembling 
 prisoners, and cry, " Confound us, why do 
 we wait ? let us shop him ; " whilst the 
 other meekly replies, "Jack, be patient, it 
 is a civil gentleman, and I know will con- 
 sider us ; " which species of wheedling, in 
 terms of their art, is called sweeten and pinch. 
 Four for a Penny, 1678 (Harl. Misc., iv. 
 147). 
 
 SWEETIES, sweetmeats. 
 
 Instead of finding bonbons or sweeties in 
 the packets which we pluck off the boughs, 
 we find enclosed Mr. Caruifex's review of 
 the quarter's meat. Thackeray, Roundabout 
 Papers, x. 
 
 SWEETKIN, delicate ; lovely. 
 
 Flocking to bansell him and strike him 
 good luck, as the sweetkin madams did about 
 valiant Sir "Walter Manny. JVashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 163). 
 
 SWEET-MOUTHED, dainty ; fond of 
 good living. Cf. DAINTY-CHAPPED. We 
 speak now of a person's having a sweet 
 tooth, if he is fond of confectionery, &c. 
 
 Plato checked and rebuked Aristippus for 
 that he was so swete mouthed and drouned in 
 the voluptuousness of high fare. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 49. 
 
 SWELLDOM, the world of rank and 
 fashion. 
 
 This isn't the moment, when all Swelldom 
 is at her feet, for me to come forward. 
 Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. xliii. 
 
 SWENKT, tired with work. Milton 
 (Comus, 291) speaks of the " svnnk'd 
 riedger." 
 
 The swenkt grinders in this treadmill of an 
 earth have ground out another day. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. vi. 
 
 SWERVE, to turn aside. R. has one
 
 SWETHLAND 
 
 ( 640 ) 
 
 SWING 
 
 instance of this as an active verb from 
 Gower. 
 
 Those Scotish motions and pretentious . . 
 swerved them . . from the former good con- 
 stitution of the Church of England. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 460. 
 
 SWETHLAND, Sweden. Cf. SWEDE- 
 LAND. 
 
 Touching them who have renounc'd all 
 obedience to Rome, there are the three kings 
 of Great-Britain, Denmark, and Swethland. 
 Hnicell, Letters, ii. 11. 
 
 Every one knows what Olaus Magaus 
 writes of Erich's (King of Siceethland's) 
 corner'd cap, who could make the wiud shift 
 to any point of the compass, according as he 
 turn'd it about. Ibid., iii. 23. 
 
 SWIBBER-SWILL, draff. 
 
 In every matter concerning our Christian 
 belief is the scripture reckoned unsufficient 
 of this wicked generation. God was not 
 wise enough iu setting the order thereof, but 
 they must add thereunto their smbber-stcill, 
 that he may abhor it in us, as he did in the 
 Jews' ceremonies. Bale,Select Works, p.m. 
 
 SWIFT, a fast-running dog. 
 
 The buck broke gallantly ; my great sinft, 
 being disadvantaged in his slip, was at the 
 first behind ; many, presently coted and out- 
 strip'd them. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 
 (1606). 
 
 SwiFTY, swift. 
 
 With charged staffe on fomyng horse 
 His spurres with heeles he strykes, 
 
 And foreward ronnes with swiftye race 
 Among the mortal! pykes. 
 
 Gooye, Epitaphe of M. Shelley. 
 
 SWILL-BOWL, drunkard. See quota- 
 tion S. V. SOSBELLY. 
 
 Lucius Cotta . . . was taken for the great- 
 est swielbolle of wine in the woorlde. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 367. 
 
 Their oiled swill-bowls and blind Balaam- 
 ites. Bale, Select Works, p. 193. 
 
 Is not he a brockish bore of Babylon, a 
 swilbol,& blockhed, a belly-god? Ibid., De- 
 claration of Banner's Articles (Art. II.). 
 
 SWILLINGS, hog's wash. 
 
 Thy people, dearly bought even with Thy 
 blood, are not fed with the bread of Thy 
 word, but with swillings. Bradford, i. 160. 
 
 SWILL- POT, drunkard. 
 
 What doth that part of our army in the 
 meantime which overthrows that unworthy 
 swill-pot Grangousier ? Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. I. ch. xxxiii. 
 
 SWILL-TUB, a sot. 
 
 The husband, instead of my dear soul, has 
 been called blockhead, toss-pot, swill-tub ; 
 
 and the wife, sow, fool, dirty drab. Baihy's 
 Erasm. Colloq., p. 198. 
 
 SWIMMABLE, capable of being swum. 
 I ... swam everything svnmmable. Savaye, 
 R. Medlicott, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 SWIMMER, bladder ; " the swimmer 
 of a fish." See extract s. v. SHIP OF 
 
 GUINEA. 
 
 SWIMMINGNESS (as applied to the eye), 
 a tender and melting look. 
 
 Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of dy- 
 ingness ; you see that picture has a sort of 
 a ha, Foible ! a smimmingness in the eye 
 yes, I'll look so. Congreve. Way of the 
 World, iii. 5. 
 
 SWINDLERY, roguery. 
 
 Sioindlery aud blackguardism have stretch- 
 ed hands across the Channel and saluted 
 mutually. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 SWINE-PENNY. See extract. 
 
 Here [Littleborough] . . . great numbers 
 of coins have been taken up in ploughing 
 and digging, which they call Sieine-penies, 
 because those creatures sometimes rout them 
 up. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, iii. 9. 
 
 SWINE-POX, as applied to human be- 
 ings, a species of chicken-pox. L. haa 
 the word with a quotation from a 
 modern medical work. 
 The swine' s-pox overtake you ! there's a curse 
 For a Turk that eats no hog's flesh. 
 
 Massinger, Renegado, i. 3. 
 
 It did not prove the small-pox, but the 
 swine-pox. Pepys, Jan. 13, 1659-60. 
 
 SWINERY, piggery ; place where pigs 
 are kept. 
 
 Thus are parterres of Richmond and of Kew 
 Dug up for bull, and cow, and ram, and ewe, 
 
 And Windsor - Park so glorious made a 
 stcinery. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 216. 
 
 SWINES-BREAD, a plant of the genus 
 cyclamen. Cf. SOWBREAD. 
 Blew succorie hangd on the naked neck, 
 Dispels the dimness that our sight doth 
 
 check ; 
 
 Sicines-bread so vsed doth not onely speed 
 A tardy labour, but (without great heed) 
 If over it a child-great woman stride, 
 Instant abortion often doth betide. 
 
 Sylvester, Third day, first iceeke, 704. 
 The Vine the Cole, the Cole-wort Swines- 
 
 bread dreads, 
 
 The Fearn abhors the hollow waving reeds. 
 Ibid., The Furies, 98. 
 
 SWING, to be hung. 
 If I'm caught, I shall siring ; that's certain. 
 Sketches by Boz (Drunkard's Death).
 
 SW1NGEBREECH ( 641 ) 
 
 SYMPOSIARCH 
 
 For this act 
 Did Brownrigg swing. Harsh laws ! But 
 
 time shall come 
 When France shall reign, and laws be all 
 
 repeal'd. Poetry of Antijacobin, p. 7. 
 
 SWINGEBREECH, a man who flaunts 
 about in fine clothes ? In Antony Gil- 
 by's Pleasaunte Dialogue, 1581 (one of 
 the Mar-prelate Tracts), among other 
 things objected to the Bishops is " Their 
 pompous trayne of proud, idle swinge- 
 breeches, in the steede of Preachers and 
 Schollers." 
 
 SWINGING. The packing of herrings 
 in casks or barrels was, according to 
 Nashe, called swinging them. See 
 extract s. v. CADE. 
 
 SWINGLE-BAR, the cross-bar by which 
 the horse is yoked to the carriage, and 
 to which the traces are fastened. 
 
 Either with the swingle-bar, or with the 
 hauuch of our near leader, we had struck the 
 off-wheel of the little gig. De Quincey, 
 Eng. Mail-Coach . 
 
 SWIPEY, tipsy. 
 
 " He ain't ill ; he's only a little siripey you 
 know/' Mr. Bailey reeled in his boots to ex- 
 press intoxication. Dickens, Martin Chuzzle- 
 ivit, ch. xxviii. 
 
 SWIRL, a whirling wavy motion ; also 
 as a verb. This word, though now 
 common, is not in the Diets., except H., 
 who has it as a noun, without example. 
 And the far ships, lifting their sails of white 
 Like joyful hands, come up with scatter 'd 
 
 light ; 
 Come gleaming up true to the wish'd for 
 
 day 
 And chase the whistling brine, and swirl into 
 
 the bay. Leigh Hunt, Rimini, c. i. 
 
 Headlong I darted, at one eager swirl 
 
 Gain'd its bright portal. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk iii. 
 
 There was a rush and a swirl along the 
 surface of the stream, and " Caiman, Caimau," 
 shouted twenty voices . . . the moonlight 
 shone on a great sivirliny eddy, while all held 
 their breaths. C. Kinysley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 Fierce smrls of foam . . . were dashing in 
 and through the rocky channels . . and he 
 knew that he was going down into the sicirl- 
 iny waters beneath. 11 lack, Princess ofThule, 
 ch. xxiii. 
 
 SWISH, to flog. 
 
 I pity that young nobleman's or gentle- 
 man's case : Dr. Wordsworth and assistants 
 would s irish that error out of him in a way 
 that need not here be mentioned. Thackeray, 
 Misc., ii. 470. 
 
 SWITCHY, whisking. 
 And now perhaps her switchy tail 
 Hangs on a barn-door from a nail. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. 20. 
 
 SWORD, to slash with the sword. 
 Nor heard the King for their own cries but 
 
 sprang 
 
 Thro' open door, and swordiny right and left 
 Men, women, on their sodden faces, hurl'd 
 The tables over and the wines. 
 
 Tennyson, The Last Tournament. 
 
 SWORD - GRASS, sedgy plants with 
 sword-like leaves. 
 
 The summer airs blow cool 
 On the oat-grass and the sword-grass, and 
 the bulrush in the pool. 
 
 Tennyson, New-Year's Eve. 
 
 SYCOPHANTISHLY, after the manner of 
 a sycophant. De Quincey also uses 
 the adjective. See extract s. v. UN- 
 SEXUAL. 
 
 Neither proud was Kate, nor sycophant- 
 ishly and falsely humble. De Quincey, 
 Spanish Nun, sect. xxv. 
 
 SYLLABIZE, to articulate or divide 
 into syllables. 
 
 Tis Mankind alone 
 
 Can language frame, and syllabize the tone. 
 Hoicell, Verses prefixed to Parly of the 
 Beasts. 
 
 SYLPHISH, sylphlike. 
 
 Fair Sylphish forms, who tall, erect, and slim, 
 Dart the keen glance, and stretch the length 
 
 of limb. 
 
 Poetry of the Antijacobin, p. 126. 
 
 Amidst the blaze of lustres ; in sylphish 
 movements, espiegleries, coquetteries, and 
 minuet-mazes. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 SYLVESTER, belonging to the wood, 
 and so, wild. 
 
 One time a mighty plague did pester 
 All beasts domestick and Sylvester. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 318. 
 
 SYMBOLIST, one who holds Zuinglian 
 views on the Eucharist. See extract 
 
 S. V. SlGNIFICATIST. 
 
 SYMBOLIZER, one who casts in (his 
 vote, contribution, or opinion) with 
 another. 
 
 The Bishops of England . . . were to be 
 sacrificed by I know not what strange fire, 
 as a peace-offering to the discontented 
 Presbyters of Scotland, and their ambitious 
 Symbolizers in England. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 591. 
 
 SYMPOSIARCH, the president or mode- 
 rator at a banquet. 
 
 T T
 
 SYMPOSIAST ( 642 ) 
 
 SYJV US/AST 
 
 He does not condemn sometimes a little 
 larger aud more pleasant carouse at set 
 banquets, under the governmeat and direc- 
 tion of some certain prudent and sober 
 symposiarchs or masters of the feasts. T. 
 Brown, Works, iii. 260. 
 
 As Alexander and Caesar were born for 
 conquest, so was Johnson for the office of a 
 symposiareh, to preside in all conversations. 
 Sir J. Hawkins (Itoswell, i. 219). 
 
 SYMPOSIAST, banqueter. 
 
 Lady is tolerably well, with two 
 
 courses and a French cook. She has fitted 
 up her lower rooms in a very pretty style, 
 and there receives the shattered remains of 
 the symposiasts of the house. Sidney Smith, 
 Letters, 1842. 
 
 SYNAGOGDISH, fanatical ; belonging 
 to conventicles. 
 
 How comes (I fain would know) th' abuses, 
 The jarring late between the houses, 
 But by your party syaayoyuish, 
 Not half so politique as roguish ? 
 
 D'Urfey, Collin's Walk, canto i. 
 
 SYNAPISE, to sprinkle, properly, with 
 mustard. The word is taken from the 
 original sinapiser. 
 
 Put the said chronicles betwixt two pieces 
 of linen cloth made somewhat hot, and so 
 apply them to the place that smarteth, 
 synapisiny them with a little powder of 
 projection. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. II. 
 (Author's Prologue). 
 
 Then cleansed he his neck very well with 
 pure white wine, and after that took his 
 head, and into it synapised some powder. 
 Ibid,., Bk. II. ch. xxx. 
 
 SYNCOP, a swoon : usually written 
 syncope. 
 
 Some affirm passion had almost stopp'd 
 respiration, and that she had certainly ex- 
 pir'd of a syncop, had she not taken coach, 
 and thrown off the stifling humour in the 
 bosoms of a female Juncto. Gentleman 
 Instructed, p. 105. 
 
 SYNECDOCH. This Anglicised form 
 of synecdoche is unusual. 
 
 The seven angels, you say, . . . are not to 
 be taken literally, but synecdochically ; per- 
 haps so ; but then the synecdoch lies in the 
 seven, but not in the angels. Bp. Hall, 
 Works, x. 332. 
 
 SYNEDRION, assembly or sanhedrin. 
 The extract, though printed in 1677, 
 
 belongs to the time of the Great 
 Rebellion. 
 
 Alas ! how unworthy, how uncapable am 
 I to censure the proceedings of that great 
 senate, that high synedrion, wherein the 
 wisdom of the whole state is epitomised. 
 Harwell's Vindication of himself, 1677 (Hurl. 
 Misc., vi. 128). 
 
 SYNGRAPH, written document or 
 covenant. 
 
 I went to court this evening, and had 
 much discourse with Dr. Basiers, one of his 
 Majesty's chaplains, the greate traveller, who 
 shew'd me the synyraphs and original sub- 
 scriptions of divers Eastern Patriarchs and 
 Asian Churches to our Confession. Evelyn, 
 Diary, Ost. 29, 1662. 
 
 SYNODIAN, a synodsman ; the refer- 
 ence in the extract is to those who 
 attended the Synod of Dort. 
 
 Of such as dislike the synod, none falls 
 heavier upon it than a London Divine, charg- 
 ing the synodians to have taken a previous 
 oath to condemn the opposite party on what 
 termes soever. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. v. 5. 
 
 SYNONYMA, synonyms. This plurnl, 
 as L. observes, was common in the 
 time of the Elizabethan dramatists, but 
 the subjoined is a late instance of it. 
 
 " "Was he unfortunate then, Trim ? " said 
 my uncle Toby, pathetically. The corporal, 
 wishing first the word and all its synonimas 
 at the devil, forthwith began to run back in 
 his mind the principal events in the King of 
 Bohemia's story. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, vi. 31. 
 
 SYNONYMOUS, similar : an incorrect 
 use. 
 
 'Tis needless to expose 
 His stockins, or describe his shooes, 
 Or legs or feet, since 't may be guess'd 
 They were synonymous to th' rest. 
 
 Z>' Urfey, Collins Walk, canto i. 
 
 SYNUSIAST, one who holds consubstan- 
 tiation. A believer in transubstantia- 
 tion is called a ME TUSIAST, q. v. 
 
 The Symtsiasts or Ubiquitaries . . . think 
 the Body of Christ is so present in the 
 Supper, as His said Body with bread and 
 wine, by one and the same mouth, at one 
 and the same time, of all aud every com- 
 municant, is eaten corporally. Rogers on 39 
 Articles, p 289.
 
 ( 643 ) 
 
 TAIL-ENDS 
 
 T 
 
 T. To suit to a T = to suit exactly, 
 as by a Tee square. 
 
 Having cajoled my inquirer, and fitted 
 his humour to a T. Labour in Vain, 1700 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 387). 
 
 We could manage this matter to a T. 
 Sterne, Tr. Shandy, i. 193. 
 
 TABE, wasting disease. 
 
 They put a pleurisy into their bloods, a 
 tabe, and consumption into their states. 
 Adams, i. 191. 
 
 TABLE, to lay down, as on a table. 
 
 Forty thousand francs ; to such length 
 will the father-in-law, moved by these tears, 
 by this hre-eloquence, table ready-money. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 97. 
 
 Which sure trump-card Royalty, as we see, 
 keeps ever and anon clutching at, ... yet 
 never tables it, still puts it back again. Ibid., 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 TABLE-D'HOTE, a meal at an hotel 
 where any who choose are admitted to 
 eat together at a fixed price. The word 
 and thing are now common in England. 
 
 All this is but table d'hoste ; it is crowded 
 with people for whom he cares not. Cowley, 
 Essays, Of Liberty. 
 
 TABLE-PEER, fellow-commoner, con- 
 vive. The allusion is to Ps. Ixxviii. 26. 
 God's pensioner, and angels' table-peer, 
 O Israel. 
 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 843. 
 
 TABOO, a word of the South Sea 
 Islanders = sacred, forbidden as 
 sacred; see L., who, however, has no 
 example ; it is also a verb. 
 
 Often things that were undesignedly said 
 touched upon the taboo'd matter. Miss 
 Edyeworth, Helen, ch. xl. 
 
 Women up till this 
 Cramp 'd under worse than South-Sea-isle 
 
 taboo. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, iii. 
 
 Art and poetry were tabooed both by my 
 rank and my mother's sectarianism. Kings- 
 ley, Alton Locke, ch. i. 
 
 TACE IS LATIN FOR A CANDLE. This 
 
 phrase contains a hint to be silent, or 
 an intention of being so. See extract 
 s. v. BRANDY. 
 
 " Tace, Madam," answered Murphy, is 
 Latin for a candle ; I commend your pru- 
 dence. Fielding, Amelia, Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 TACTILITY, see extract. 
 
 You have a little infirmity tactility cr 
 touchiness. Sydney Smith, Letters, 1831. 
 
 TADPOLEDOM, the tadpole state. 
 
 The instinct (as I have often proved) of 
 the little beggars an inch long, fresh from 
 water and tadpoledom is to creep foolishly 
 into the dirtiest hole they can find in old 
 walls, &c. C. Kingsley, 1863 (Life, ii. 157). 
 
 TAGG. See quot. from Brande. 
 
 They all played tayy till they were well 
 warmed. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 87. 
 
 A writer in the Gentleman's Magazine for 
 1738 tells us that " in Queen Mary's reigu 
 tag was all the play ; where the lad saves 
 himself by touching of cold iron by this it 
 was intended to show the severity of the 
 Church of Rome. In later times this play 
 has been altered amongst children of quality, 
 by touching gold instead of iron." Brand, 
 Popular Antiquities, ii. 443. 
 
 TAGLIONI, an overcoat which took its 
 name from the great dancer : it is now 
 obsolete, at least by that name. 
 
 I've brought to protect myself well, a 
 Good stout Taglioni and gingham umbrella. 
 Inyoldsby Ley ends (S. Eomwold). 
 
 TAIL, a following ; attendants upon 
 another. 
 
 Why should her worship lack 
 
 Her tail of maids more than you do of men? 
 
 Jonson, Tale of Tub, ii. 1. 
 
 " Ah ! " said he, " if you Saxon Duinhe- 
 
 wassel (English gentleman) saw but the 
 
 chief with his tail on." " With his tail on ? " 
 
 echoed Edward in some surprise. " Yes ; 
 
 that is, with all his usual followers, when 
 
 he visits those of the same rank." Scott, 
 
 Waverley, i. 167. 
 
 Ay, now's the nick for her friend Old Harry 
 
 To come with his tail like the bold Glengarry. 
 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 TAIL-END, latter part. 
 
 The tail-end of a shower caught us. 
 Black, Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. xxii. 
 
 TAIL-ENDS. Inferior samples of corn, 
 such as being hardly marketable are 
 usually consumed at home. 
 
 If everybody tried to do without house 
 and home, and with poor eating and drinking, 
 and was allays talking as we must despise 
 the things o' the world, as you say, I 
 should like to know where the pick o' the 
 stock and the corn and the best new-milk 
 T 'I' 2
 
 TAILL 
 
 ( 644 ) 
 
 TALL YMAN 
 
 cheeses 'ud have to go. Everybody 'ud he 
 wanting bread made o' tail-ends. G. Eliot, 
 Adam Bede, ch. vi. 
 
 TAILL. 
 
 If he be the King's true subject, well and 
 taill. Latimer, ii. 388. 
 
 TAILORISE, to connect with or bring 
 under tailors. 
 
 Oar clothes-thatch . . . tailor ises and de- 
 moralises. Carlyle, Sartor Eesartus, Bk. I. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 TAIL-PIPE, to tie a tin-can or the like 
 to a dog's tail. 
 
 Even the boys . . . tail-piped not his dog. 
 Kinysley, Two Years Ayo, ch. ii. 
 
 TAKE, a witch's charm ; Shakespeare 
 has the verb {Hamlet, I. i.) " no fairy 
 takes." 
 
 He hath a take upon him, or is planet- 
 struck. The Quack's Academy, 1678 (Harl. 
 Misc., ii. 34). 
 
 TAKE DOWN, a peg is commoner than 
 a button-hole in this phrase. 
 
 I'll take you down, a button-hole. Peele, 
 Edw. I., p. 395. 
 
 TAKE IN, to cheat. 
 
 As if his nephew were taken in, as he calls 
 it, rather by the eyes than by the under- 
 standing. Richardson, Grandison, i. 39. 
 
 But I would not have him taken, in : I 
 would not have him duped. Miss Austen, 
 Mansfield Park, ch. v. 
 
 Hostess. I took you in last night, I say. 
 
 Syntax. Tis true ; and if this bill I pay 
 You'll take me in again to-day. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. iv. 
 
 TAKE IN, a trick or cheat. 
 
 I know so many who have married in the 
 full expectation and confidence of some one 
 particular advantage in the connection, or 
 accomplishment or good quality in the per- 
 son, who have found themselves entirely 
 deceived, and been obliged to put up with 
 exactly the reverse. What is this but a take 
 in? Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. v. 
 
 TAKE OFF, to imitate ; to mimic. 
 
 He so perfectly counterfeited or took off, 
 as they call it, the real Christian, that many 
 looked to see him, like Enoch or Elijah, 
 taken alive into heaven. H. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, i. 370. 
 
 TALISMANIST, one who uses talismans 
 Or charms. 
 
 Such was even the great Paracelsus, . . . 
 and such were all his followers, scholars, 
 statesmen, divines, and princes, that are talis- 
 manists. Defoe, Duncan Campbell (Preface). 
 
 TALKEE TALKEE, a common expression 
 to signify verbosity ; it is taken from 
 
 the broken English of negroes or 
 savages. 
 
 The talkee talkee of the slaves in the Sugar 
 Islands, as it is called, will prevail in Suri- 
 nam. Southey, Letters, 1810 (ii. 206). 
 
 There's a woman now, who thinks of 
 nothing living but herself all talkee talkee ; 
 I begiu to be weary of her. Miss Edge-worth, 
 Vivian, ch. x. 
 
 A style of language for which the inflated 
 bulletins of Napoleon, the talkee-talkee of a 
 North American Indian, and the song of 
 Deborah might each have stood as a model. 
 Phillips. Essays from the Times, ii. 280. 
 
 TALKFUL, talkative. 
 
 Phrenzie that makes the vaunter insolent, 
 
 The talkfull blab, cruel the violent. 
 
 Sylvester, The Arke, 611. 
 
 TALKINGSTOCK, an object of notice or 
 conversation. 
 
 Hee was like much the more for that to 
 be a talkyny stock to all the geastes. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 96. 
 
 TALLAGE, right of cutting the pro- 
 duce of the soil. 
 
 [The elected chief of every Irish county] 
 had a generall tallaije or cutting high or low, 
 at his pleasure, upon all the inheritance, 
 which hee tooke commonly when he made 
 warre . . . like the villaines of England upon 
 whom their Lords had power Tallier haut 
 and has, as the phrase of our law is. Hol- 
 land's Camden, ii. 141. 
 
 TALLAT, a hay-loft. 
 
 I was .... forced to dress in the h&j-tallat. 
 Blackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. xix. 
 
 I .... determined to sleep in the tallat 
 awhile, that place being cool and airy, and 
 refreshing with the smell of sweet hay. 
 Ibid., ch. xxxi. 
 
 TALLISH, rather tall. 
 
 Miss Amelia Martin was pale, tallish, thin, 
 and, two-and-thirty. Sketches by Boz (Mis- 
 taken Milliner), 
 
 TALLY, to deal (Fr. tailler) : a term 
 at basset and pharaoh. 
 
 They are just talking of basset ; my lord 
 Foppington has a mind to tally, if your 
 Lordship would encourage the table. Gibber, 
 Careless Husband, III. i. 
 
 " Oh," said she, " for my part you know I 
 abominate everything but pharaoh." " I am 
 very sorry, madam," replied he very gravely, 
 " but I don't know whom your Highness will 
 get to tally to you ; you know I am ruined 
 by dealing." Walpole to Mann, ii 276 (1743). 
 
 TALLYMAN. See quotation. 
 
 The unconscionable tallyman . . lets them 
 have ten-shillings-worth of sorry commodi- 
 ties, or scarce so much, on security given to 
 pay him twenty shillings by twelve pence a
 
 TALMUD1GE 
 
 ( 645 ) 
 
 TANTIVY 
 
 week Four for a Penny, 1678 (Harl. Misc., 
 iv. 148). 
 
 TALMUDIGE, a Talmudist. Bp. Hall 
 ( Works, viii. 540) speaks of the " Jew- 
 ish or Mahometan Paradise " dreamed 
 of by "sensual Turks and Talmudiges." 
 
 TALUS, a sloping heap of rough 
 stones. 
 
 Taking the profile of the place with its 
 work to determine the depths and slopes of 
 the ditches, the talus of the glacis, and the 
 precise height of the several banquets, para- 
 pets, &c., he set the corporal to work. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iv. 217. 
 
 He reached it at last, and rushed up the 
 talus of boulders, springing from stone to 
 stone. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. xxi. 
 
 TAMBOUR, to work on a tainbour- 
 f rarne ; to embroider with sprigs. In 
 the first extract tambour = tamboured. 
 With ... a tambour waistcoat, white linen 
 breeches, and a taper switch in your hand, 
 your figure, Frankly, must be irresistible. 
 Colman, Man and Wife, Act I. 
 
 She lay awake ten minutes on "Wednesday 
 night, debating between her spotted and her 
 tamboured muslin. Miss Austen, Northanger 
 Abbey, ch. x. 
 
 She sat herring-boning, tambouring, or stitch- 
 ing. Ingoldsby Legends (Knight and Lady). 
 
 TAMBOUR FRAME, a frame on which 
 the silk, canvas, or other material to 
 be embroidered was stretched tight, 
 like the skin of a drum. 
 
 Mrs. Grant and her tambour frame were 
 not without their use. Miss Austen, Mans- 
 field Park, ch. vii. 
 
 TAME ABILITY, capability of being 
 tamed. 
 
 The kingdom is in the hands of an oligar- 
 chy, who see what a good thing they have 
 got of it, and are too cunning and too well 
 aware of the tameability of mankind to give 
 it up. Sydney Smith, Letters, 1821. 
 
 TAMMY, a highly glazed woollen or 
 worsted stuff. 
 
 It [Coventry] drives a very great trade ; 
 the manufacture of Tammies is their chief 
 employ. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, ii. 409. 
 
 TANGED, studded (?) or made sting- 
 ing (?). 
 
 But I will have your carrion shoulders goar'd 
 With scourges tanyd with rowels. 
 
 Sylvester, The Schisme, 122. 
 
 TANGING. See extract. 
 
 He . . seizing the key and shovel, hurried 
 out into the garden, beating the two toge- 
 ther with all his might. The process in 
 question, known in country phrase as " tany- 
 itvj," is founded upon the belief that bees 
 
 will not settle unless under the influence of 
 this peculiar music. . . . David the consta- 
 ble was a most sensible and open-minded 
 man of his time and class, but Kemble or 
 Akerman, or other learned Anglo-Saxon 
 scholar, would have vainly explained to him 
 that " tang " is but the old word for " to 
 hold," and that the object of " tanging " is 
 not to lure the bees with sweet music of key 
 and shovel, but to give notice to the neigh- 
 bours that they have swarmed, and that the 
 owner of the maternal hive means to hold 
 on to his right to the emigrants. Hughes, 
 Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxiii. 
 
 TANNAGE, tanning ; bronzing. 
 They should have got his cheek fresh tannage 
 Such a day as to-day in the merry sunshine. 
 Browning, Flight of the Duchess. 
 
 TANNER, sixpence (slang). 
 
 Two people came to see the monument : 
 they were a gentleman and a lady ; and the 
 gentleman said, " How much a-piece ? " The 
 man in the monument replied, " a Tanner." 
 It seemed a low expression, compared with 
 the monument. The gentleman put a shil- 
 ling into his hand. Dickens, M. Chuzzleicit, 
 ch. xxxvii. 
 
 TANSY, a dish described in N. and H. ; 
 there were many ingredients in it, 
 hence perhaps like a tansy came to 
 signify " perfect," something wherein 
 all was fitting. 
 
 Miss. Look, Lady Answerall, is it not well 
 mended ? 
 
 Lady Ans. Ay, this is something like a 
 tanzy. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 I would work under your honour's direc- 
 tions like a horse, and make fortifications 
 for you something like a tansy with all their 
 batteries, saps, ditches, and palisadoes. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 199. 
 
 TANTALIAN, tantalising ; unprofitable 
 for enjoyment. 
 
 Men overtoil'd in Commonwealth affaires 
 Get much Tantalian wealth by wealthie 
 
 paines. Dames, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 24. 
 
 TANTAMOUNTINGLY, equivalently ; in 
 effect. 
 
 Did it not deserve the stab of excommuni- 
 cation, for any dissenting from her practice, 
 tantamountinaly to give her the lie ? Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., II. ii. 28. 
 
 TANTIVY. L. quotes from Macaulay 
 a passage in which he mentions this as 
 a nickname for an extreme Tory ; but 
 no example is supplied from any writer 
 in whose time the word was current. 
 North implies that the word rose in 
 Charles II.'s reign : in that case there is 
 an anachronism in the first quotation.
 
 TANTIVY 
 
 ( 646 ) 
 
 TASKER 
 
 In the time of King James I., soon after 
 his coming into England, one of his own 
 country thus accosted him : Sir (says he), I 
 am sorry to see your majesty so dealt with 
 by your prelatical tantivies. Scotland Charac- 
 terized, 1701 (Hurl. Misc., vii. 380). 
 
 About half-a-dozen of the Tantivies were 
 mounted upon the Church of England, booted 
 and spurred, riding it like an old hack Tan- 
 tivy to Rome. North, Examen, p. 101. 
 
 This trade, then much opposed, naturally 
 led to a common use of slighting and oppro- 
 brious words, such as Yorkist. That served 
 for meer distinction, but did not scandalise 
 or reflect enough. Then they came to Tan- 
 tivy, which implied riding post to Rome. 
 Ibid., p. 321. 
 
 TANTIVY, to hurry off ; to make an 
 excursion. 
 
 Pray, where are they gone tantivying ? 
 Mad. D'ArUay, Camilla,'^. III. ch. viii. 
 
 TANTONY, a servile follower. The 
 word is a corruption of St. Anthony 
 (see ANTHONY). 
 
 Some are such Cossets and Tantanies that 
 they congratulate their oppressors and flat- 
 ter their destroyers. Gauden, Tears of the 
 (. 'hurch, p. 595. 
 
 TANTRUMS, whims, usually with 
 anger connoted. 
 
 I am glad here's a husband coming that 
 will take you down in your tantrums; you 
 are grown too headstrong and robust for me. 
 Foote, The Kniyhts, Act II. 
 
 He was but just got out of one of his 
 tantarums. Mad. D'Arblay, Camilla,'Bk. III. 
 ch. v. 
 
 He has been in strange humours and tan- 
 trums all the morning. Lytton, My Novel, 
 Bk. XI. ch. ii. 
 
 TAPEN, of tape. 
 
 Then his soul burst its desk, and his heart 
 broke its polysyllables, and its tapen bonds, 
 and the man of office came quickly to the 
 man of God. Reade, Never too late to mend, 
 ch. xxv. 
 
 TAPIXOPHOBY. See quotation. 
 
 The modern tajrino-pholry or dread of 
 everything that is low, either in writing or 
 in conversation. Graves, Spiritual Quixote, 
 Bk. I. ch. vi. 
 
 TAPPI.E vp TAILE, to die. Cf. TAP- 
 
 PLE UP HEELS, 8. V. HEELS. 
 
 Take heed to thy man in his f urie and heate, 
 
 With ploughstaff and whipstock for maiming 
 
 thy neate ; 
 
 To thresher for hurting of cow with his flaile, 
 Or making thy hen to plaie tapple vp taile. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 57. 
 
 TAPSTERLY. Tapsterly terms = pot- 
 house language. 
 
 They impute singularitie to him that slan- 
 ders priuelie, and count it a great peece of 
 arte in an iukhorne man, in any tapster lie 
 tearmes whatsoener, to oppose his superiours 
 to euuie. T. Nashe, Introd. to Greene's Mena- 
 phon, p. 9. 
 
 TAPWORT, the refuse of the tap (?). 
 See Taplash in L. and N. 
 A dish of young fryed frogges, sodde houghes 
 
 of mezled hogges, 
 A cup of small tap-worte. 
 
 Breton, Toyes of an Idle Head, p. 26. 
 
 TARBREECH, contemptuous, for a 
 sailor. See extract s. v. QUISTRON, 
 where it is used adjectivally. 
 
 TARDIDATION, delay. 
 
 Avoid all snares 
 
 Of tardidation in the Lord's affaires. 
 Herrick, Noble Numbers, p. 405. 
 
 TARDIGRADE, slow stepping. 
 
 The soldiers were struggling and fighting 
 their way after them in such tardigrade 
 fashion as their hoof-shaped shoes would 
 allow. G. Eliot, Romola, ch. xxii. 
 
 TARHOOD, navy. 
 
 He has lately had a sea-piece drawn of the 
 victory for which he was lorded, in which his 
 own ship in a cloud of cannon was boarding 
 the French Admiral. This circumstance . . . 
 has been so ridiculed by the whole tarhood 
 that the romantic part has been forced to be 
 cancelled. Walpole to Mann, ii. 285 (1749). 
 
 TARLEATHER, a term of contempt, 
 applied in the extract to a woman. 
 
 Thouse pay for all, thou old tarlether. 
 Gammer Garten's Needle (Hawkin's Eng.Dr., 
 i. 206). 
 
 TARNATION, a minced oath, which 
 comes from America. 
 And there's my timbers straining every bit, 
 
 Ready to split, 
 
 And her tarnation hull a-growing rounder. 
 Hood, Sailor's Apology for bow-leys. 
 Extremely annoyed by the " tarnation whop," 
 
 as it 
 'S call'd in Kentuck, on his head and its 
 
 opposite 
 Blogg showed fight. 
 
 Ingoldsby Legends (Bagman's Dog}. 
 
 TARNISH, colouring. 
 
 Care is taken to wash over the foulness of 
 the subject with a pleasiug tarnish. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 308. 
 
 TARRYBKEEKS, a rough sailor. 
 No old tarrybreeks of a seadog. Kinysley, 
 Westward Ho, ch. xxx. 
 
 TASKER, in the first two quotations 
 = a labourer ; in the last a thresher.
 
 TASK- LORD 
 
 ( 647 ) 
 
 TEA 
 
 Many poor country vicars for want of other 
 means ... at last turn taskers, malsters, cos- 
 termougers, grasiers. Burton, Democ. to 
 Header, p. 16. 
 
 He is a good days-man, or journeyman, or 
 tasker. Ward, Sermons, p. 105. 
 Oh, be thou a fan 
 To purge the chaff, and keep the winnow'd 
 
 grain; 
 Make clean thy thoughts, and dress thy 
 
 mix'd desires ; 
 Thou art Heaven's tasker, and thy God 
 
 requires 
 The purest of thy flour, as well as of thy 
 
 fires. Quarles, Emblems, II. vii. 4. 
 
 TASK-LORD,*! ask-master. 
 They labour hard, eat little, sleeping less, 
 No sooner layd, but thus their task-lords 
 
 press. Sylvester, The Lawe, 137. 
 
 TASLET. See quotation, and N. s. v. 
 tasses. 
 
 Thigh-pieces of steel, then called taslets. 
 Scott, Legend of Montrose, p. 16. 
 
 TASS, a cup. 
 
 Big tasses, cups, goblets, candlesticks. 
 Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. li. 
 
 The Laird . . . recommended to the veteran 
 to add a tass of brandy. Scott, Legend of 
 Montrose, p. 55. 
 
 TATTERED, dilapidated. In the ex- 
 amples in the Diets, and in general 
 usage this word is applied to clothes, 
 flags, &e. The use of it in connection 
 with anything at all substantial as in 
 the extracts is peculiar. 
 
 An old ill-look'd wrinkled fellow in a 
 tattered boat. T. Brown, Works, ii. 3. 
 
 He lay a great minister of state in a 
 tatter'd brass case. Ibid., iii. 128. 
 
 I do not like ruined, tattered cottages. 
 Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ch. xviii. 
 
 TATTING, edging in silk or cotton 
 done with a shuttle. 
 
 How our fathers managed without crochet 
 is the wonder ; but I believe some small and 
 feeble substitute existed in their time under 
 the name of " tatting" G. Eliot, Janet's 
 Repentance, ch. iii. 
 
 TATTLE-DE-MOY. See quotation. 
 
 A Tattle-de-moy, reader, was a new-fash- 
 ioned thing in the year of our Lord, 1676, 
 " much like a seraband, only it had in it more 
 of conceit and of humour, and it might 
 supply the place of a seraband at the end of 
 a suit of lessons at any time." That simple- 
 hearted and therefore happy old man, Thomas 
 Mace, invented it himself, because he would 
 be a little modish, he said ; and he called it 
 a tattle-de-moy " because it tattles and seems 
 to speak those very words or syllables. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. xciv. 
 
 TATTLEMENT, chatter. 
 
 Poor little Lilias Baillie, tottering about 
 there with her foolish glad tattlement. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 239. 
 
 TAVERN FOX. To hunt a tavern fox 
 = to be drunk ; to be foxed has the 
 same meaning. See N. s. v. fox. 
 Else he had little leisure time to waste, 
 Or at the ale-house huff-cap ale to taste ; 
 Nor did he ever hunt a tavern fox. 
 
 J. Taylor, Life of Old Parr, 1635 
 (Harl. Misc., vii. 76). 
 
 TAVERN-TOKEN, a token coined by a 
 tavern-keeper ; so to swallow a tavern- 
 token = to be drunk ; an euphemistic 
 expression. 
 
 Drunk, sir ! you hear not me say so ; per- 
 haps he swallowed a tavern-token, or some 
 such device, sir, I have nothing to do withal. 
 Jonson, Every man in his Humour, i. 3. 
 
 TAWDERED OUT, dressed in a tawdry 
 way. 
 
 You see a sort of shabby finery, a number 
 of dirty people of quality tawdered out. 
 Lady M.W. Montagu, Letters, Aug. 22, 1716. 
 
 TAWDRUMS, fal-lals ; finery. 
 No matter for lace and tawdrums. Re- 
 venge, or, A Match in Neicgate, Act V. 
 
 TAWDRY, does not seem in the extract 
 to have its usual depreciatory meaning, 
 but to signify fine, good. 
 
 There is nothing in this world I abominate 
 worse than to be interrupted in a story, and 
 I was that moment telling Eugenius a most 
 tawdry one. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, v. 59. 
 
 TAWDRYNE. 
 Byiid the fillets, and to be fine, the waste 
 
 gyrt 
 
 Fast with a tawdryne. 
 
 Webbe, Eng. Poetrie, p. 84. 
 
 TAWNY, to tan. 
 
 The Sunne so soone the painted face will 
 tawny. Breton, Mother's Blessing, p. 9. 
 
 TAWNYMOOR, a mulatto. 
 There's a black, a tawnymoor, and a French- 
 man. Centlivre, Bold Stroke for a Wife, I. i. 
 
 TAXLESS, without paying taxes. 
 If Tithe-lesse, Tax-lesse, "Wage-lesse, Right- 
 
 lesse, I 
 
 Have eat the Crop, or caused the Owners dye ; 
 In sted of Barley, and the best of Corn, 
 Grow nothing there but Thistles, "Weeds, 
 
 and Thorn. 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, iii. 555. 
 
 TEA, to drink tea : a vulgarism. 
 
 Father don't tea with us, but you won't 
 miud that I dare say. Dickens, Nicholas 
 Nickleby, ch. ix.
 
 TEA-BOARD 
 
 ( 648 ) 
 
 TELL URIAN 
 
 I caii hit on no novelty none, on my life, 
 Unless peradventure you'd " tea " with your 
 wife. 
 
 Inyoldsby Legends (Lord of Thoulouse). 
 
 TEA- BOARD, tea-tray. 
 
 Shall we be christened tea-boards, varnished 
 waiters ? Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 145. 
 
 TEACH. To teach oiir dame to spin 
 = to teach one's grandmother to suck 
 eggs. 
 
 A swine to teach Miuerva was a prouerbe 
 against soche as ... being themselfes of no 
 knowledge ne wisdome at all, will take upon 
 theim to teache persones that are excellently 
 skilled and passing expert, for whiche we saie 
 in Euglishe to teache our dame to spinne. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 380. 
 
 TEAGDELAND, Ireland. 
 
 Dear courtier, excuse me from Teagueland 
 and slaughter. T. Brown, Works, iv. 275. 
 
 TEAGUELANDER, Irishman. See ex- 
 tract S. V. OUTBLUNDER. 
 
 TEASE. To be upon the tease to 
 be uneasy, or fidgety. 
 
 Mr*. Sago (in an uneasy air). So not a 
 word to me ! are these his vows ? 
 
 L. Lucy (aside). There r s one upon the 
 teize already. 
 
 Centlivre, Basset-Table, Act III. 
 
 I left her upon the teaze. Ibid., Platonick 
 Lady, Act V. 
 
 TEDIFY, to become tedious : a word 
 probably coined by Adams for the sake 
 of the jingle. 
 
 Such, whiles they would intend to edify, 
 do in event tedify. Adams, i. 348. 
 
 TEETH. To the hard teeth = very 
 severely. The addition of " hard " to 
 intensify the meaning is unusual, 
 though otherwise the phrase is com- 
 mon enough. 
 
 Cicero mocked her to the hard teeth. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 355. 
 
 TEETOTALLER, a total abstainer from 
 intoxicating liquor: the first syllable is 
 merely the reduplication of the first 
 letter in total. L. gives the word 
 without example. Some have thought, 
 b-it erroneously, that the term refers to 
 drinking tea instead of wine, beer, &c., 
 and Thackeray by the way in which he 
 spells the word appears to have so 
 taken it ; yet in Lovel the Widower, 
 ch.iv., he adopts the other orthography. 
 
 He had quite a delicate appetite, and was 
 also a tea-totaller. Thackeray, Roundabout 
 Papers, xvii. 
 
 TEETOTALLY, completely ; out and 
 
 out ; a sort of reduplication or empha- 
 sizing of totally. 
 
 An ugly little parenthesis between two 
 still uglier clauses of a teetotaliy ugly sen- 
 tence. De Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 TEIGNTON-SQUASH, perry. See quota- 
 tion s. v. STIRE. 
 
 TELEGRAM, a message by telegraph. 
 This word is discussed in Dr. Hall's 
 Recent Exemplifications of False Phi- 
 lology, pp. 4147. There are many 
 letters on the word in the Times for 
 Oct. 1857. What will he do with it? 
 was published in 1856. 
 
 I sent a telegram (oh that I should live to 
 see such a word introduced into the English 
 language). Lytton, What ttrill he do with it ? 
 Bk. XII. ch. xi. 
 
 There is against the exact but surfeiting 
 telegrapheme our lawless telegram, to which 
 is strictly applicable the maxim of the 
 civilians as regards a clandestine marriage, 
 Fieri -non debuit, sed factum valet. Hall, 
 Modern English, p. 158. 
 
 TELEITY, end ; completion. 
 
 When such a number of hot, dry, and moist 
 atoms cling together, up starts a horse ; the 
 same may be said of mixts: they differ meerly 
 accidentally, and h;ive no other form, if I 
 may say so, than the teleity of the mixture. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 427. 
 
 TELESPECTROSCOPE. See extract. 
 
 These two observers at once directed their 
 telescope armed with spectroscopic adjuncts 
 telespectroscope is the pleasing name of the 
 compound instrument to the new comer. 
 R. A. Proctor, Myths and Marvels of Astro- 
 nomy, p. 170. 
 
 TELL, tale. 
 
 There, I am at the end of my tell ! If I 
 write on, it must be to ask questions. Wai- 
 pole to Mann, i. 265 (1743). 
 
 TELL-CLOCK, an idler; one who 
 dawdles away hour after hour. 
 
 Is there no mean between busy - bodies 
 and tell-clorks, between factotums and fain- 
 eants ? Ward, Sermons, p. 131. 
 
 TELLING-HOUSE. See quotation. 
 
 The telling-houses on the moor [Exmoor] 
 are rude cots where the shepherds meet to 
 tell their sheep at the end of the pasturing 
 season. Blackmort, Lorna Doone, ch. ii. note. 
 
 TELL-TRUTH, a veracious or candid 
 person. 
 
 A great many bold tell-truthe are gone be- 
 fore you. Tom Brown, Works, iii. 20. 
 
 TELLURIAN, belonging to the earth ; 
 also as a substantive, an inhabitant of 
 the earth.
 
 TELL URIC 
 
 ( 649 ) 
 
 TERRIBLIZE 
 
 They absolutely hear the tellurian lungs 
 wheezing, panting, crying, " Bellows to 
 mend," periodically as the Earth approaches 
 her aphelion. De Quincey, System of the 
 Heavens. 
 
 If any distant worlds (which may be the 
 case) are so far ahead of us Tellurians in 
 optical resources as to see distinctly through 
 their telescopes all that we do on earth, 
 what is the grandest sight to which we ever 
 treat them ? Hid., Joan of Arc. 
 
 TELLURIC, belonging to the earth. 
 
 How the Coleridge moonshine comported 
 itself amid these hot telluric flames . . . must 
 be left to conjecture. Carlyle, Life of Ster- 
 ling, Pt. I. ch. x. 
 
 TEMPERLESS, without temper or 
 moderation. 
 
 So swelling-proud, so surly-brow d the while, 
 So temperlesse, tempted with Fortune's smile 
 Ignoble Natures are too lightly pufft. 
 
 Sylvester, Panaretus, 1374. 
 
 TEMPLELESS, without a church or 
 temple. See extract s. v. CROMMELL. 
 
 TEMPLIFY, to make a temple. 
 
 That shall we come to, if we can take 
 order that while we be here, before we go 
 hence, our bodies, we get them templified, as 
 I may say, procure they be framed after the 
 similitude of a Temple, this Temple in the 
 text [S. John ii. 19J. Andrewes, ii. 361. 
 
 TENANT, to fasten as with tenons. 
 Cf. TENON. 
 
 They be fastened or tenanted the one to the 
 other. Andrewes, Sermons, ii. 81. 
 
 TEND, tender. 
 
 Then Cassivelaunus . . . sent Embassadonr 
 to Caesar by Conius and Arras, tending unto 
 him a surrendry. Holland's Camden, p. 37. 
 
 TENDER, tenderness ; regard. 
 
 'Tis natural to have a kind of a tender for 
 our own productions. Ce.ntlivre, The Man's 
 bewitched (Preface). 
 
 I had a kind of a tender for Dolly. Ibid. 
 Act V. 
 
 TENDERHEARTEDNESS, compassion. 
 
 She little thought 
 
 This tender-heartedness would cause her death. 
 Southey, Grandmothers Tale. 
 
 TENDRILED, furnished with tendrils. 
 Round their trunks the ihonsaud-tendriTd 
 vine wound up. Southey, Thalaba, Bk. VI. 
 
 TENDRON, a stalk. 
 
 Buds and temlrons appear above ground 
 from the root. Holland, Pliny, xix. 8. 
 
 TENNKR, a ten pound note. Cf. 
 FIVER (slang). 
 " No money ? " " Not much ; perhaps a 
 
 tenner." Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. 
 xix. 
 
 TKNON, to fasten as by a tenon ; which 
 is the end of a piece of timber cut so 
 as to fit into another piece. Cf . TENANT. 
 
 "We tenon both these together as antecedent 
 and consequent. Andrewes, Sermons, ii. 86. 
 
 TENTICLE, a little tent. 
 
 They were the tenticles or rather cabins 
 and couches of their soldiers. Patten, Ex- 
 ped. to Scotl., 1548 (Eny. Garner,ui. 127). 
 
 TENTIVE, attentive. II. has tentyply 
 as used by Maundeville. 
 
 To question mine give tentive eare. Pres- 
 ton, King Cambises (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., i. 
 278). 
 
 Wyth tentiue lystning eeche wight was 
 setled in harckning. Stanyhurst, ~2En., ii. 1. 
 
 TEREDO, a molluscous animal that 
 burrows in wood or stone ; damaging 
 piers, &c. L. gives the word, but no 
 example. Adams, it will be seen, in- 
 flects it as a Latin word. 
 
 A better piece of timber hath the more 
 teredines breeding in it. Adams, i. 505. 
 
 TERETISM, rough and unmelodious 
 verse ; repsrtfr/xa signifies the chirping 
 of swallows, &c. ; hence any empty 
 sound. 
 Bough-hewn teretismes writ in th' antique 
 
 vein. Hall, Sat., IV. i. 3. 
 
 TERLERY-GINCK, apparently to speak 
 nonsense. See N. s. v. terlerie-whiskin. 
 
 All these have terlery-yinckt it . . frivol- 
 ously of they reckt not what. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stvffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 159;. 
 
 TERMAGANTLY, outrageously. 
 
 Margaret Cheatly . . by immoderate drink- 
 ing of strong waters, had got a nose so ter- 
 mayantly rubicund that she outblaz'd the 
 comet. T. Brown, Works, ii. 148. 
 
 TERMINANT, termination ; ending. 
 
 If one should rime to this word, restore, 
 he may not match him with doore or poore, 
 for neither of both are of like terminant, 
 either by good orthography, or in naturall 
 sound. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. II. ch. 
 ix. 
 
 TERRESITY, earthliness. 
 
 Rhenish wine . . . hath fewer dregs and less 
 terresity or gross earthliness than the Glared 
 wine hath. Dean Turner on Wines, 1568 
 (Eng. Garner, ii. 114). 
 
 TERRIBLIZE, to make terrible. 
 Both Camps approach, their bloudy rage doth 
 
 rise, 
 And even the face of cowards terriblize. 
 
 Sylvester, The location, 271.
 
 TERRICULAMENT ( 650 ) 
 
 THAT 
 
 TERRICULAMENT. See extract from 
 Fuller, who, however, uses the Latin ; 
 but the Eng. form had been employed 
 as early as 1548. See extract s. v. 
 KATTLE-BLADDER. Gauden uses it again 
 pp. 476, 570. 
 
 With these and such -like, either torments 
 of opinions or terriculaments of expressions 
 do these new sort of preachers seek ... to 
 scare and terrific their silly sectators. Gau- 
 den, Tears of the Church, p. 198. 
 
 The Proverb is appliable to those who are 
 not Terriculamenta, but Terrores, no fancy- 
 formed Bug-bears, but such as carry fear 
 and fright to others about them. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Wancick (ii. 404). 
 
 TERRORLESS, unalarming. 
 
 Some human memories and tearful lore 
 
 Kender him terrorless. 
 
 E. A. Poe, Silence (ii. 39). 
 
 TERRY, a terrier. See extract s. v. 
 INTERGERN. 
 
 TEST. See quotation from Southey ; 
 but the word is not an Americanism. 
 
 Not with fond shekels of the tested gold. 
 Shakespeare, Meas.for Meas., ii. 2. 
 
 She cannot break through a well-tested 
 modesty. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 187. 
 
 You have been sufficiently tested. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 138. 
 
 But I will test, (as an American would say, 
 though let it be observed in passing that I 
 do not advocate the use of Americanisms,) I 
 will test Mr. Campbell's assertion. Southey, 
 The Doctor, ch. cxlv. 
 
 TESTAMENTIZE, to make a will. 
 
 He asked leave of King Edward the First 
 to make a will . . . because Welsh Bishops 
 in that age might not Testamenti:e without 
 Royal assent. Fuller, Worthies, Denbiyh 
 (ii. 388). 
 
 TESTAMUR, the certificate that a man 
 has passed an examination at the 
 University ; so called from the words 
 (i ltd testamur," which precede the 
 examiners' signatures. 
 
 Outside in the quadrangle collect by twos 
 and threes the friends of the victims, wait- 
 ing for the reopening of the door, and the 
 distribution of the testamurs. The testamurs, 
 lady readers will be pleased to understand, 
 are certificates under the hands of the ex- 
 aminers that your sons, brothers, husbands, 
 perhaps, have successfully undergone the 
 torture. Huyhes, Tom brown's Schooldays, 
 ch. xxiv. 
 
 Martin of Trinity had got his testamur. 
 H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. xiv. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS, to present with a 
 testimonial. 
 
 People were testimonialisiny his wife. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. Ixiii. 
 
 TETCH. To take fetch = to take 
 offence. 
 
 This frantic fellow took fetch at somewhat, 
 and run away into Ireland. North, Life of 
 Ld. Guilford, ii. 286. 
 
 TETRASTYLE, a structure with four 
 pillars. 
 
 An organ of very good workmanship, and 
 supported by a Tetrastyle of very beautiful 
 Gothic columns. Defoe, Tour thro 1 G. Bri- 
 tain, i. 373. 
 
 TEWKESBURY MUSTARD BALLS. 
 Tewkesbury was long famous for its 
 mustard. Falstaff says of Poins, "His 
 wit is as thick as Tewkesbury Mustard" 
 (2 Hen. IV., ii. 4). Hence I suppose 
 Tewkesbury Mustard Balls was a name 
 given to some explosives from their 
 burning qualities. 
 
 Why have the gentry never yet flung 
 Tewkesbury mustard balls into their own 
 homes ? Gentleman Instructed, p. 383. 
 
 The town [Tewkesbury] was long famous 
 for its mustard balls, as also for a great 
 manufacture of stockens. Defoe, Tour thro' 
 G. Britain, ii. 328. 
 
 TEW-TAW, to beat or dress hemp or 
 flax : see extract from Holland . v. 
 BRAKE. 
 
 TEXTLET, little text. 
 One little textlet from the Gospel of Free- 
 dom. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. xi. 
 
 THANKFUL, pleasant : grateful is still 
 used in this sense. 
 
 They of late years have taken this pastime 
 vp among them, many times gratifying their 
 ladies, and often times the princes of the 
 realme with some such thankfull noveltie. 
 Puttenham, Eng. Poese, Bk. II. (cancelled 
 pages). 
 
 THANKLY, thankfully. 
 He giueth frankly what we thankly spend. 
 Sylvester, Third day, first week, 809. 
 
 THANKS, was sometimes used as a 
 singular. 
 
 I hope your service merits more respect 
 Thau thus without a thanks to be sent hence. 
 Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 5. 
 What a thanks I owe 
 
 The hourly courtesies your goodness gives me. 
 Massinyer, Very Woman, iii. 5. 
 Would I beg a thanks, I could tell you that 
 I have often moved her for you. 
 
 Ibid., Bashful Lover, v. 3. 
 
 THAT, such. 
 
 This was carried with that little noise that
 
 THAUMATURGIST ( 651 ) 
 
 THING 
 
 for a good space the vigilant Bishop was not 
 awak'd with it. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 ii. 67. 
 
 She pressed the invitation with that earn- 
 estuess, Theomachus foresaw she would not 
 return with a denial. Gentleman Instructed, 
 p. 241. 
 
 THAUMATURGIST, wonder-worker. 
 
 Cagliostro, thaumaturgist, prophet, and 
 arch-quack. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 THEATERIAN, an actor. 
 
 Players, I mean, theaterians, pouch mouth 
 stage-walkers. Dtikker, Satiromastix (Haw- 
 kins, Eng. Dr., Hi. 172). 
 
 THEATRICALISE, to cast in a dramatic 
 form. 
 
 I shall occasionally theatricalise my dia- 
 logues. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 93. 
 
 THEATRICALITY, histrioniam ; artifi- 
 ciality. 
 
 By act and word he strives to do it ; with 
 sincerity, if possible ; failing that, with 
 theatricality. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. 
 ch. ix. 
 
 Its exaggeration, its theatricality, were 
 especially calculated to catch the eye of a 
 boy. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. vi. 
 
 THEMA, theme ; thesis : the Angli- 
 cised form ' theme ' is as old as Gas- 
 coigne and Shakespeare. 
 
 His thema to be maintained is that the 
 King could not break with the King of 
 France because he had sold himself to him for 
 money. North, Examen, p. 478. 
 
 THEOPHILE, one beloved of God. 
 
 Afflictions are the proportion of the best 
 theophiles. Hoicell, letters, ii. 41. 
 
 THEOSOPHER, mystic. The Diets, 
 give examples of theosophist. L. has 
 theosopher, but without illustration. 
 
 The great Teutonic theosopher, Jacob Beh- 
 men. H. Brooke, Fool of Qiiality, i. 236. 
 
 THERM, a hot bath ; but here = bath 
 generally. Sylvester (Trophies, 1112) 
 makes David speak of the " cleer 
 therms " in which Bathsheba was 
 bathing when he first saw her. 
 
 Brittaine . . . having beene so long a pro- 
 vince of great honour and benefit to the 
 Koman Empire, could not but partake of the 
 magnificence of their goodly structures, 
 thermes, aquaducts, high-waies, and all other 
 their ornaments of delight, ease, and great- 
 nesse. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 8. 
 
 THERSITICAL, grossly abusive. 
 
 There is a pelting kind of thersitical satire, 
 as black as the very ink 'tis wrote with (and 
 by the bye whoever says so is indebted to 
 
 the muster-master general of the Grecian 
 army for suffering the name of so ugly and 
 foul-mouth'd a man as Thersites to continue 
 upon his roll, for it has furnished him with 
 an epithet). Sterne, Tr. Shandy, vi. 140. 
 
 THIBLE, a round stick used for stirring 
 broth, &c. 
 
 The thille ran round, and the . . . handf uls 
 of meal fell into the water. E. Bronte, 
 Wuthering Heights, ch. xiii. 
 
 THICK, eventful. 
 
 His reign was not onely long for continu- 
 ance, fifty-six years, but also thick for re- 
 markable mutations happening therein. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. iv. 24. 
 
 THICK, intimate. 
 
 Newcome and I are not very thick together. 
 Thackeray, Neiocomes, ch. xxiv. 
 
 THICK, a stupid fellow (slang). 
 "What a thick I was to come! Hughes, 
 Tom Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. vii. 
 
 THICKY, thick. 
 
 It was a very thicky shade 
 
 That broad leaves of beech had made. 
 
 Greene, p. 304 (from The Mourning 
 Garment). 
 
 THIEFTEOUSLY, thievishly. 
 
 One little villainous Turkey knob-breasted 
 rogue came thiefteously to snatch away some 
 of my lardous. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. II. 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 THIEVES' LATIN, cant terms used by 
 thieves. See extract s. v. QUEER 
 CUFFIN. 
 
 THIMBLE-RIGGER, a swindler who bets 
 that no one will find out under which 
 of three thimbles a pea is placed. He 
 appears to the dupe to put it under one 
 of them, but he has really hidden it in 
 his sleeve or elsewhere by sleight of 
 hand. See quotation s. v. CANNIBALIC. 
 
 THING. The thing = what is right 
 or fashionable. 
 
 A bishop's calling company together in 
 this week is, to use the vulgar phrase, not 
 the thing. Johnson, 1781 (Boswell's Life, viii. 
 64). 
 
 It is quite delightful, ma'am, to see young 
 people so properly happy, so well suited, and 
 so much the thing. Miss Austen, Mansfield 
 Park, ch. xii. 
 
 THING. H. says this term is con- 
 stantly applied to a lady in early 
 metrical romances, but it was also used 
 of the male sex. One or two examples 
 may be seen in L., but none quite like 
 the subjoined.
 
 THINNIFY 
 
 ( 652 ) 
 
 THREE TREES 
 
 Augustus beyng yet a young thing vnder 
 niannes state. Udafs Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 270. 
 
 THINNIFY, to make thin. 
 
 The heart doth in its left side ventricle so 
 thi unify the blood. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. iv. 
 
 THIRDSMAN, a third party ; a mediator 
 or arbitrator. 
 
 There should be somebody to come in 
 third sman between Death and my principal. 
 Scott, St. Ronan's Well, i. 219. 
 
 THORN, to prick or pierce. 
 I am the only rose of all the stock 
 That never thorn' d him. 
 
 Tennyson, Harold, I. i. 
 
 THORNLESS, free from thorns. 
 Through Youth's gay prime and thorniest 
 
 paths I went. 
 
 Coleridge, Sonnet to Botcles. 
 One such, I know, who upward from one 
 
 cradle 
 Beside me like a sister no, thank God ! no 
 
 sister ! 
 Has grown and grown, and with her mellow 
 
 shade 
 Has blanched my thornless thoughts to her 
 
 own hue. Kinysley, Saint's Tragedy, i. 2. 
 
 THOROUGH, a channel. 
 
 If any man would alter the natural course 
 of any water to run a contrary way, he shall 
 never be able to do it with dams ; for a time 
 he may well stop it, but when the dam is 
 full it will either burst down the dam or 
 overflow it, and so with more rage run than 
 ever it did before. I will not speak of the 
 often weesing out, mauger all the diligence 
 that can be. Therefore the alteration must 
 be from the head, by making other thoroughs 
 and devices. Bradford, i. 303. 
 
 THOROUGH-STITCHED, complete. To 
 go through- stitch is not uncommon, and 
 is illustrated in N. 
 
 His book may properly be considered, not 
 only as a model, but as a thorough-stitched 
 Digest and regular institute of noses. 
 Sterne, Tr. Shandy, iii. 30. 
 
 THOUGHT-SWIFT-FLYING, flying quick 
 as thought. 
 
 In that same inyd-daies howercame sayling in 
 A thought-sicift-Jlyiny pynnase. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir 
 R. Grenuile, p. 47. 
 
 THOWELS, the wooden pins that keep 
 the oar from slipping. 
 
 They took us for French ; our boats being 
 fitted with thoels and grummets for the oars 
 in the French fashion. Marryat, Fr. Mild- 
 may, ch. v. 
 
 With what an unusual amount of noise 
 the oars worked in the thowels. Dickens, 
 Great Expectations, ch. liv. 
 
 THRALL, a shelf or stand. 
 
 The dairy thralls I might ha' wrote my 
 name on 'em, when I come downstairs after 
 my illness. G. Eliot, Adam Bede, ch. vi. 
 
 THKALL-FULL, enslaved. 
 
 Also the Lord accepted Job, and staid 
 
 His thrall-full state. 
 
 Sylvester, Job Triumphant, iv. 686. 
 
 THRASKITE, a follower of John 
 Thraske, who in the early part of the 
 17th century affirmed the Jewish cere- 
 monial law to be binding on Christians. 
 See Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. iv. 64. 
 
 There is a fourth leaven, . . . the mixing 
 of law with gospel ; I mean ceremonial and 
 legal rites with the truth of Jesus Christ. 
 This leaven might well die in forgetfulness, 
 and have moulded away, if there had not 
 been a late generation of Thraskites to devour 
 it as bread. They must abstain from swine's 
 flesh, and from blood, and that upon con- 
 science to the ceremonial law. Adams, ii. 
 343. 
 
 THREATLESR, not threatening. 
 Threatless their brows, and without braves 
 
 their voyce. Sylvester, The Captaines,20l. 
 
 THREE - DECKER, a ship with three 
 decks. 
 
 Before the gentlemen, as they stood at the 
 door, could . . . settle the number of three- 
 deckers now in commission, their companions 
 were ready to proceed. Miss Austen, Mans- 
 field Park, ch. xl. 
 
 Cataract seas that snap_ 
 The thretdecker's oaken spine. 
 
 Tennyson, Maud, Pt. II. ii. 4. 
 
 THREE-HOLES, a game. 
 
 I put these here stocks under your care, 
 and you'll keep off the other boys from 
 sitting on 'em, and picking off the paint, and 
 playing three-holes and chuck-farthing. 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. I. ch. xii. 
 
 THREE-THREADS. Half common ale 
 mixed with stale and double beer. 
 
 Ezekiel Driver, of Puddle-dock, carman, 
 having disorder'd his pia mater with too 
 plentiful a morning's draught of three- 
 threads and old Pharaoh, had the misfortune 
 to have his cart run over him. T. Brotcn, 
 Works, ii. 286. 
 
 THREE TREES, the gallows, formed 
 by a transverse beam on two uprights. 
 Cf. TRIPLE TREE. 
 
 For commonly such knaues as these 
 Doe end their lyves vpon three trees. 
 Breton, Toyes of an Idle Head, p. 28.
 
 THRENODIAL 
 
 ( 653 ) THUNDERING 
 
 THRENODIAL, elegiac. 
 
 This was pretty well for a threnodial flight, 
 but Dr. Watts went further. When Mr. 
 How should die (and How was then seventy 
 years of age) he thought it time that the 
 world should be at au end. Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cxxxiii. 
 
 THRIVELESS, unsuccessful. 
 These treach'rous hands, that were so lately 
 
 bold 
 To try a thriveless combat. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, III. vi. 10. 
 
 THROBLESS, not throbbing or beating. 
 
 Every tongue silent, every eye awed, every 
 heart quaking ; mine, in a particular man- 
 ner, suuk throbless. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, vi. 67. 
 
 THRONELESS, without a throne ; de- 
 posed. 
 
 Thou throneless homicide. 
 
 Byron, Ode to Napoleon. 
 Traditions of its having been the landing- 
 place of a throneless queen were current in 
 the town. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. i, 
 
 THROUG-HANDLINQ = management. 
 
 The king (but skiming anything 
 
 that came before him) was disciplined to 
 leave the throuy-handling of all to his gentle 
 wife. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 177. 
 
 THRUNCKE. H. has thrunk as an 
 adjective = busy ; thronged; crowded; 
 but in the extract it is a verb : mis- 
 print for shruncke (?). 
 Their cariage was but an unwilcly trunke, 
 "Wherein to neare their trash was laied their 
 
 treasure, 
 With weight whereof their shoulders often 
 
 thruncke, 
 
 Before they came vnto their place of pleasure. 
 Breton, Pilgrimage to Paradise, p. 7. 
 
 THRUSH -A- THRUSH, a game, appar- 
 ently of an active kind. 
 
 "What say you, Harry? have you any 
 play to shew them ? " " Yes, sir," said 
 Harry ; " I have a many of them ; there's 
 first leap-frog and thrush-a-thrush." H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 25. 
 
 THRUSTER, one who thrusts at another. 
 I was sore thrust at, that I so might fall, 
 But Thou o'er-threw'st my thrusters. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 34. 
 
 THUMB. To be under the thumb of 
 another is to be under his orders or 
 influence. 
 
 She remembers her late act of delinquency, 
 so she is obliged to be silent: I have her 
 under my thumb. Richardson, Grandison, v. 
 56. 
 
 He is under the thumb of that doctor. 
 H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. ix. 
 
 THUMB. Ride of thumb = rough or 
 make-shift. The thumb is used some- 
 times in order to attain a rough or ap- 
 proximate measurement. 
 
 We never learnt anything in the navy 
 when I was a youngster, except a little rule- 
 of-thumb mathematics. Huyhes, Tom Brown 
 at Oxford, ch. xxi. 
 
 THUMB. Of a clumsy person it ia 
 said that " all his fingers are thumbs," 
 though to be without thumbs has a 
 similar meaning. See THUMBLESS. 
 
 Ah, eche finger is a thombe to-day me thinke. 
 Udal, Roister Doister, i. 3. 
 
 THUMB-BOTTLE, a short thick bottle (?). 
 The same author speaks of illuminations 
 on royal anniversaries " by loyal thumb- 
 bottles displayed " (p. 212). 
 
 Whose soul, moreover, of such sort is 
 With so much acrimony overflows 
 As makes him, wheresoe'er he goes, 
 A walking thumb-bottle of aqua-fortis. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 121. 
 
 THUMBLE, to thumb or paw about : 
 at least this I suppose to be the mean- 
 ing if it has any. The speaker is a 
 country girl. 
 
 Well, I'll not stay with her : stay, quotha? 
 To be yauld and jaul'd at, and tumbled and 
 thumbled, and tost and turn'd as I am by an 
 old hag. Wily Beguiled (Hawkins, Eng. Dr., 
 iii. 317). 
 
 THUMBLESS, clumsy. 
 
 When to a house I come and see 
 The genius wastefull more than free ; 
 The servants thumblesse, yet to eat 
 With lawlesse tooth the floure of wheat. 
 Herrick Hesperides, p. 333. 
 
 THUNDERBEAT, to beat with thunder- 
 ing strokes. 
 
 So he them thunderbet whereso he went. 
 That neuer a stroke in vaine his right hand 
 
 spent. Hudson, Judith, v. 397. 
 
 THUNDERBOLT, a celt or fossil belem- 
 nite. See extract s. v. DUNDERBOLT. 
 
 THUNDERBOLT, to strike with thunder. 
 He must ere long be triple beueficed, 
 Else with his tongue he'll thunderbolt the 
 
 world. 
 
 Return from Parnassus, iii. 2 (1606). 
 
 THUNDERING, used as an intensative 
 = very fast, large, &c. 
 
 He goes a thundering pace that you would 
 not think it possible to overtake him. 
 Adams, ii. 420. 
 
 I was drawing a thundering fish out of the 
 water, so very large that it made my rod 
 crack again. T. Brown, Works, i. 219.
 
 THUNDERLESS ( 654 ) TICKLETOB Y'S MARE 
 
 THUNDERLESS, unattended by thunder 
 or loud noise. In the second extract 
 the " Silent Isle " is spoken of. 
 
 Witness too the silent cry, 
 The prayer of many a race, and creed, and 
 
 clime, 
 
 Thunderless lightnings striking under sea 
 From sunset and sunrise of all the realm. 
 Tennyson, To the Queen. 
 
 The long waterfalls 
 
 Pourd in a thunderless plunge to the base of 
 the mountain walls. 
 
 Ibid., Voyage of Maeldune. 
 
 THUNDER-SHOT, struck by lightning. 
 
 His death commonly is most miserable 
 either burnt as Diagoras, or eaten up with 
 lice as Pherceydes, or devoured by dogs as 
 Lucian, or thunder-shot and turn'd to ashes 
 as Olimpius. Fuller, Holy and Profane State, 
 V. vi. 9. 
 
 THUNDER-THUMP, thunderbolt. 
 O thou yat throwest the thunder-thumps 
 From Heaueus hye to Hell. 
 
 Googe, Eyloys, iv. 
 
 THURIFY, to cense. 
 
 This herring or this cropshin was sensed 
 and thurified in the smoake. JVashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 176). 
 The smoak of censing, sinoak of thurifyiny. 
 Sylvester, Tobacco Battered, 183. 
 
 THWART, opposition. The word is 
 not generally used as a substantive : in 
 thwart = in spite. 
 
 A certain disastrous person, who calleth 
 himself the devil, even now, a id in thwart of 
 your fair inclinations, keepeth and detaineth 
 your irradiaat frame in hostile thraldom. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 THWARTED, crossed. 
 
 All Knights-Templars make such saltire 
 cross with their thwarted leggs upon their 
 monuments. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. iii. 11. 
 
 THWARTLY, perversely. 
 Sith man then in judgeinge so thwartly is 
 
 be iite 
 To satisfie fansie, and not true intente. 
 
 W. Kethe, 1554 (Maitland on Reformation, 
 p. 113). 
 
 THYRSE, the staff twined with ivy 
 and vine-leaves borne by Bacchus and 
 the Bacchantes. This Latin word 
 (thyrsus), in an Anglicised form, is 
 used more than once by Herrick. See, 
 besides extract, pp. 3, 41. It occurs 
 also in Stapyltorfs Juvenal, vi. 73, 
 and is defined in the notes " a speare 
 wreathed about with vine-leaves and 
 grapes proper to Bacchus." 
 
 Wild I am now with heat : 
 O Bacchus ! coole thy raies ! 
 
 Or frantick I shall eate 
 
 Thy thyrse, and bite the bayes. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 84. 
 
 TIB OF THE BUTTERY, gipsy cant for 
 a goose. See extract s. v. MARGERY. 
 
 TICK, touch ; mark : also, a verb. 
 See quotation s. v. FOOTE SAUNT. 
 
 The least tick befalls thee not without the 
 overruling eye and hand, not only of a wise 
 God, but of a tender Father. Ward, Sermons, 
 p. 34. 
 
 Lord, if the peevish infant fights, and flies 
 With unpared weapons at his mother's eyes, 
 Her frowns (half-mixed with smiles) may 
 
 chance to show 
 An angry, love-tick on his arm or so. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, III. vi. 42. 
 
 TICKER, a watch (slang). See ex- 
 tract s. v. FOGLE. 
 
 TICKET, the correct thing. 
 
 " She's very handsome and she's very finely 
 dressed, only somehow she's not she's not 
 the ticket, you see." " Oh, she's not the 
 ticket" says the Colonel, much amused. 
 Thackeray, Neiccomes, ch. vii. 
 
 TICKET-OF-LEAVE. In 1854 a system 
 was introduced under which convicts 
 may be liberated, though a portion of 
 their sentence be unexpired, on a ticket- 
 of- leave; they are obliged to report 
 themselves from time to time to the 
 police, until the period for which they 
 were sentenced is over, and they are 
 liable to have the ticket recalled on the 
 commission of any fresh offence. The 
 word is often used adjectivally. 
 
 They found themselves outlaws, ticket-of- 
 leave men, or what you will in that line. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown's School Days, Pt. I. ch. 
 ix. 
 
 TICKING-SHOES, carpet-slippers (?). 
 
 The dirtiest trollup in the town must have 
 her top-knot and tickin-shoes. Centlivre, The 
 Artifice, Act III. 
 
 TICKLE, we should now say " itch." 
 The fingers of the Atheniens ticleed to aide 
 
 and succour Harpalus. Udal's Erasmus's 
 
 Apophth., p. 381. 
 
 TICKLETOBY'S MARE. See Rubelais, 
 Bk. IV. ch. xiii. for an account of 
 Tickletoby's (Urquhart's translation of 
 Tappe-cwi) mare. 
 
 Let me beg of you, like an unbacked filly, 
 to frisk it, to squirt it, to jump it, to rear it, 
 to bound it, and to kick it with long kicks and 
 short kicks, till, like Tickletoby's mare, you 
 break a strap or a crupper, and throw his
 
 TIDDLE 
 
 ( 655 ) TILLET TREE 
 
 worship into the dirt. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, 
 iii. 20. 
 
 TIDDLE, to potter or fidget. 
 
 To leave the family pictures from his sons 
 to you, because you could tiddle about them, 
 and though you now neglect their examples, 
 could wipe and clean them with your dainty 
 hands. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, i. 322. 
 
 TIDE-COACH, a coach that timed its 
 journeys to or from a seaport so as to 
 catch the right tide ; we now use the 
 adjective in this way, and speak of a 
 tidal train. 
 
 He took a place in the tide-coach from 
 Rochester. Smollett, Roderick Random, ch. 
 xxiv. 
 
 TIDEGATE, tideway or stream. 
 
 Some visible apparent tokens remaine of a 
 haven . . . though now it be graveld up, and 
 the streame or ty (Legate turned another way. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 TIEGO, corruption of vertigo (?) ; the 
 speaker is fuddled. 
 
 I am shrewdly troubled with a tiego 
 Here in my head, madam, often with this 
 
 tieyo, 
 It takes me very often. 
 
 Massinger, Very Woman, iv. 3. 
 
 TIFF. The Diets, give this as mean- 
 ing some small thin drink, like swipes, 
 but in the subjoined it seems to be 
 applied to the measure holding the 
 liquor or it may = draught. 
 
 "What say you to a glass of white wine, or 
 a tiff of punch by way of whet ? Fielding, 
 Amelia, Bk. VIII. ch. x. 
 
 Dr. Slash . . . was smoaking his pipe over 
 a tiff of punch. Graves, Spiritutd Quixote, 
 Bk. XI. ch. xiv. 
 
 Sipping his tiff of brandy punch with great 
 solemnity. Scott, Gay Mannering, i. 111. 
 
 TIFF, to drink. 
 
 He tiff'd his punch, and went to rest. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. v. 
 
 TIFF, a pet ; a slight quarrel. 
 
 My lord and I have had another little tiff, 
 shall I call it ? it came not up to a quarrel. 
 Richardson, Grandison, iv. 291. 
 
 There had been numerous tiffs and quarrels 
 between mother and daughter. Thackeray, 
 Shabfiy Genteel Story, ch. i. 
 
 In comparison with such words or gestures, 
 George IV.'s quarrel with Brummel was an 
 ordinary tiff. Nat. Review (1858), vii. 395. 
 
 TIFFANY, a thin silk ; hence tiffany 
 natures = slender-witted natures: taf- 
 fetas has the same adjectival and figur- 
 ative use, but is often complimentary. 
 Cf. CALICO. 
 
 Tiffany natures are so easily imposed upon. 
 Centlivre, Beau's Duel, Act II. 
 
 TIGER. See quotation. 
 
 " A man may have a very good coat of 
 arms, and be a tiger, my boy," the Major 
 said, chipping his egg : " that man is a tiger, 
 mark my word a low man." Thackeray, 
 Pendennis, ch. xix. 
 
 TIGERANTIC, ravenous as a tiger. 
 
 In what sheep's-head ordinary have you 
 chew'd away the meridian of your tygerantic 
 stomach ? T. Brown, Works, ii. 179. 
 
 TIGERKIN. " That tiger's miniature 
 the cat " (Colman, Poetical Vagaries, 
 p. 102). 
 
 It is only from the attic that you can ap- 
 preciate the picturesque which belong to our 
 domesticated tigerkin. The goat should be 
 seen on the Alps, and the cat on the house- 
 top. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XIV. ch. ii. 
 
 TIGHTER, caulker. 
 
 Julius Caesar and Pompey were boat- 
 wrights and tighters of ships. UrquharCs 
 Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxx. 
 
 TIGRISH, having the qualities of a 
 tiger in the sense given above. 
 
 Nothing could be more vagrant, devil-me- 
 carish, and, to use the slang word, tigrish, 
 than his whole air. Lytton, My Novel, Bk. 
 VI. ch. xx. 
 
 TILE, a hat (slang). See extract s. v. 
 SHOVEL. 
 
 John, Lord Kinsale, 
 
 A stalwart old Baron, who acting as hench- 
 man 
 
 To one of our early Kings, killed a big 
 Frenchman : 
 
 A feat which his Majesty deigning to smile 
 on, 
 
 Allowed him thenceforward to stand with his 
 tile on. Inyoldsby Legends (Auto-da-Fe). 
 
 TILER, pimple or mole (?). The 
 speaker is an ass. 
 
 Our very urine is found to be good against 
 tilers or morphews in ladies' faces. Hoicell, 
 Parly of Beasts, p. 25. 
 
 TILL, to. R. has no later example 
 than from Chaucer of the use of the 
 word in this sense : L. quotes from Bp. 
 Fisher, but the subjoined is nearly 150 
 years later. 
 
 He was afterwards restored till his liberty 
 and archbishoprick. Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. 
 iii. 40. 
 
 TILLET TREE, the linden. 
 
 They use their cordage of date tree leaves 
 and the thin barks of the Linden or Tillet 
 tree. Holland, Pliny, xix. 2.
 
 TILTURE 
 
 ( 656 ) 
 
 TINE 
 
 TILTURE, husbandry. 
 
 Good tilth brings seedes, 
 Euill tillure weedes. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 92. 
 
 TIMBER, forty skins of fur were called 
 a timber. 
 
 Having . . . presented them with two timber 
 of sables, which with much diligence had 
 been recovered out of the wreck, he was by 
 them remitted to his lodging. Heylin, Re- 
 formation, ii. 202. 
 
 TIMBER -WORM, a worm that eats 
 through wood. 
 
 What, o what is it 
 That makes yee, like vile tiniber-wormes, to 
 
 weare 
 The poasts sustaining you ? 
 
 Davies, Sir T. Overbury, p. 16. 
 
 TIME, in good time = just so ; well 
 and good : a la bonne heure. It oc- 
 curs in Measure for Measure, III. i. and 
 V. i. : often used ironically. 
 
 The magistrate shall have his tribute . . if 
 so be he carry himself worthily, and as he 
 ought to do in his place, and so as to deserve 
 it. In good time ! But I pray you then first 
 to argue the cause a little with thee, whoever 
 thou art that thus glossest ! who mayst 
 judge of his carriage, and whether he deserve 
 such honour ? Sanderson, i. 67. 
 
 " There, saith he, even at this day are 
 shewed the ruines of those three tabernacles 
 built according to Peter's desire." In very 
 good time, no doubt ! Fuller, Pisyah Siyht, 
 II. vi. 27. 
 
 TIME, to pass the time ; to procras- 
 tinate. 
 
 They timed it out all that spring, and a 
 great part of the next sommer. Daniel, 
 Hist, of Eny., p. 81. 
 
 TIMEIST, one who keeps accurate 
 time in music. 
 
 Those whose musical creed is Time before 
 Sentiment might have put up with this night- 
 bird ; for, to do her justice, she was a perfect 
 timeist ; one crake in a bar the livelong night ; 
 but her tune ugh ! lieade, Never too late to 
 mend, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 TIMELING, a time-server. 
 
 They also cruelly compel divers of the 
 ministers which are faint-hearted, and were, 
 as it seemeth, but timelinys, serving rather 
 the time (as the manner of the worldiugs is) 
 than marrying in Thy fear, to do open pen- 
 ance before the people. Becon, III. 235. 
 
 TIMESERVINGNESS, a truckling line of 
 conduct, a compliance with the varying 
 temper of the times. North (Life of 
 Lord Guilford, i. 2) accuses some 
 people of " timeservingness and malice." 
 
 TIMMEN, a sort of woollen cloth. See 
 N. s. v. tamine. 
 
 The inward man struggled and plunged 
 amidst the toils of broadcloth and timmen. 
 Miss Ferrier, Inheritance, iii. 12. 
 
 TIMIDOUS, timid. I have only met 
 with this word in North. See another 
 instance from his Examen, s. v. HESITA- 
 
 TORT. 
 
 His lordship knew him to be a mere lawyer, 
 and a timidous man. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, ii. 31. 
 
 His timidous manner of creating and judg- 
 ing abundance of points, some on one side 
 and some on another, and, if possible, con- 
 triving that each should have a competent 
 share, made work for registers, solicitors, 
 and counsel. Ibid., ii. 74. 
 
 TIMISH, fashionable ; one up with 
 the times ? 
 
 A timish gentleman accoutered with 
 sword and peruke, hearing the noise this 
 man caused in the town, had a great desire 
 to discourse with him. Life of Lodowick 
 Muyyleton, 1676 (Harl. Misc., i. 612). 
 
 TIMONIST. a misanthrope. 
 I did it to retire me from the world, 
 And turn my muse into a Timonist. 
 
 Dekker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, Eng. 
 Dr., iii. 189). 
 
 TIMONIZE, to play the misanthrope. 
 
 I should be tempted to Timonize, and 
 clap a satyr upon our whole species. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 306. 
 
 TIM-WHISKEY, a light one-horse 
 chaise. 
 
 Not that I believe he is a jot better than 
 the apprentices that flirt to Epsom in a Tim- 
 whiskey. Walpole, Letters, iii. 256 (1768). 
 
 It was a two-wheeled vehicle which claimed 
 none of the modern appellations of tilbury, 
 tandem, dennet, or the like, but aspired only 
 to the humble name of that almost forgotten 
 accommodation, a whiskey ; or, according to 
 some authorities, a tim-whiskey. Scott, St. 
 Eonan's Well, ii. 233. 
 
 It is not like the difference between a 
 Baptist and an Anabaptist, which Sir tTohn 
 Danvers said is much the same as that 
 between a whiskey and a Tim-whiskey/, that is 
 to say, no difference at all. Souihey, The 
 Doctor, Interchapter xiv. 
 
 TINDERY, inflammable, like tinder. 
 Sir C. Grandison (iv. 158) speaks of 
 love at first sight as " a tindery fit." 
 
 I love nobody for nothing ; I am not so 
 tindery. Mad. IfArblay, Diary, vi. 44. 
 
 TlNE, " a wild vetch or tare ; a plant 
 that tines or encloses and imprisons
 
 TINGLISH 
 
 ( 657 ) 
 
 TIP-TILTED 
 
 other plants " (Payne and Heritage). 
 See titters. 
 
 The titters or tine 
 
 Makes hop to pine. 
 
 Sjme raketh their wheat 
 
 With rake that is great, 
 
 So titters and tine 
 
 Be gotten out fine. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 109. 
 
 TINGLISH, sensitive. 
 They pass ; for them the panels may thrill, 
 
 The tempera grow alive and tinylish ; 
 Their pictures are left to the mercies still 
 Of dealers and stealers, Jews and the 
 English. 
 
 Browning, Old Pictures in Florence. 
 
 TINING GLOVES, hedging-gloves : tine 
 = to repair a hedge. 
 
 They put on timing gloves, that the thorns 
 may not prick them. Adams, ii. 486. 
 
 TINK, to tinkle. 
 
 Sir after drinking, while the shot is tinckingt 
 Some beds be swinking, but mine will be 
 sinking. 
 
 Heywood, The Four Ps. (Dodsley, 
 
 6 PI., i. 96). 
 
 If the verses do but chime and tinck in the 
 close it is enough for the purpose. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., II. p. 167. 
 
 TINKER UP, to botch ; ,mend in a 
 clumsy or imperfect way. 
 
 Chronology and Astronomy are forced 
 to tinker up and reconcile, as well as they 
 can, these uncertainties. Walpole, Historic 
 Doubts on Richard III., Preface. 
 
 I am criticised for the expression tinker up 
 in the preface. Is this one of those that you 
 object to? I own I think such a low ex- 
 pression, placed to ridicule an absurd instance 
 of wise folly, very forcible. Replace it with 
 an elevated word or phrase, and to my con- 
 ception it becomes as flat as possible. Wal- 
 pole, Letters, iu. 227 (1768). 
 
 TINKERLY, after the manner of a 
 tinker (see L.) ; and Webbe might 
 mean a tinkered up verse, but more 
 probably where he speaks (p. 31) of 
 " this tynkerly verse which we call 
 ryme," he means ' tinkling.' 
 
 TINKLER, a tinker, and so, a vaga- 
 bond. 
 
 " Is there a fire in the library ? " " Yes, 
 ma'am, but she looks such a tinkler." C. 
 Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xviii. 
 
 TINTINABULATION, sound of bells. 
 
 Keeping time, time, time, 
 
 In a sort of Runic rhyme, 
 
 To the tintinabulation that so musically swells 
 
 From the bells. 
 
 . A. Foe, The BMs (ii. 23). 
 
 TINTINNABULOUS, pertaining to bell- 
 ringing. De Quincey (Confessions of 
 an Opium-Eater, p. 104) speaks of 
 " the tintinnabulous propensities " of 
 the College porter, who rang the bell 
 for early chapel. 
 
 TINTLESS, colourless. 
 
 I made myself gardener of some tintltss 
 flowers. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xii. 
 
 TIP, a draught of liquor. 
 
 Miss (with a glass in her hand). Hold 
 your tongue, Mr. Neverout, don't speak in my 
 tip. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. ii.). 
 
 TIP-CHEESE, a boy's game, in which 
 a small stick is struck and hit forward 
 by another. 
 
 He forgets the long familiar cry of 
 " knuckle down ; " and at tip-cheese or odd 
 and even his hand is out. Pickurick Papers, 
 ch. xxxiv. 
 
 TIP FOR TAP, tit for tat. The origin- 
 al has only non responsare. Tap for 
 tap occurs in 2 Hen. IV., II. i., but 
 refers there to exchange of taps between 
 fencers. 
 
 Let every young man be persuaded and 
 keep in memory that his duty is ... not to 
 answer tip for tap, but to suffer much and 
 wink thereat. Bullinger, I. 283. 
 
 TIPPLER. Latimer and Grindal use 
 the word of publicans : it usually 
 means drunkards. 
 
 They were but tipplers, such as keep ale- 
 houses. Latimer, i. 133. 
 
 No inn keeper, ale-house keeper, victualler, 
 or tipler shall admit or suffer any person or 
 persons in his house or backside to eat, drink, 
 or play at cards, tables, bowls, or other games, 
 in time of Common Prayer. Grindal, Re- 
 mains, p. 138. 
 
 TIPSIFY, to make tipsy : tipsy is a 
 milder word than drunk. 
 
 The man was but tipsified when he went ; 
 happily when he returned, which was very 
 late, he was drunk. Carlyle, Misc., iv. 95. 
 
 She was in such a passion of tears, that 
 they were obliged to send for Dr. Floss, and 
 half tipsify her with salvolatile. Thackeray, 
 Vanity Fair, ch. i. 
 
 TIPT, intoxicated. 
 
 Why, they are as jovial as twenty beggars, 
 drink their whole cups six glasses at a health 
 your master's almost tipt already. Marmion, 
 Antiquary, Act IV. 
 
 TIP-TILTED, turned up at the end. 
 
 u u
 
 TIPTOE 
 
 ( 658 ) TOBACCANALIAN 
 
 For people who are innocent indeed, 
 Never look down so black, and scratch the 
 
 head; 
 
 But, tipped with confidence, their noses tilt. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p, 74. 
 
 Lightly was her slender nose 
 Tip-tilted like the petal of a flower. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 TIPTOE, to go on tiptoe. 
 Mabel tiptoed to her door. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, vi. 104. 
 
 He tiptoed, eager, through the hail, 
 And seized his torment by the tail. 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 109. 
 
 TIRELESS, indefatigable. 
 
 The tireless pen of St. Jerome was called 
 into requisition. Lea, Sacerdotal Celibacy, 
 p. 70. 
 
 TIROLOGY, instruction for beginners : 
 the editor suggests that it may be a 
 'misprint f or pyrology, but the allitera- 
 tion is in favour of the text. 
 
 Some of the papists . . . wheresoever they 
 find ignis take it for purgatory straight- 
 ways. O noble doctors of tyrology rather 
 than of theology. Becon, ii. 563. 
 
 TITANESS, giantess. 
 Truth, . . . Titaness among deities! Miss 
 Sronte, Villette, ch. xxxix. 
 
 TITHELESS, without paying tithe. 
 See extract s. v. TAXLESS. 
 
 TITTERATION, fit of giggling. 
 
 The holding up of a straw will throw me 
 into a titteration. Richardson, Grandison, v. 
 303. 
 
 TITTERS, a kind of weed. See quota- 
 tion s. v. TINE. L. has the following, 
 but suggests tiller as the meaning, 
 which apparently makes no sense. 
 From wheat go and rake out the titters or 
 
 tine, 
 
 If eare be not forth, it will rise again fine. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 113. 
 
 TITTER TOTTER, unsteadily. 
 
 Don't stand titter totter, first standing upon 
 one foot and then upon another. Bailey's 
 Erasmus, p. 43. 
 
 TITTIVATE, to spruce up ; to make 
 smart. 
 
 Regular as clockwork breakfast at nine 
 dress and tittivate a little. Sketches by Boz 
 (Mr. John Dounce). 
 
 Call in your black man, and titivate a bit. 
 Thackeray, The Virginians, ch. xlviii. 
 
 TITTLE-TATTLE, used adjectivally, 
 chattering ; gossiping. 
 
 Syntax, who fear'd all might be known 
 Throughout the tittle-tattle town, 
 Thought 'twould be wise for him to go. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. 5. 
 
 TITUFPING, lively. 
 
 It would be endless to notice ... the " Dear 
 mes " and " Oh laas " of the tituppiny misses, 
 and the oaths of the pantalooued or bnck- 
 skinn'd beaux. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, 
 ch. xiii. 
 
 TITUPPY, shaky. 
 
 Did you ever see such a little tituppy thing 
 in your life ? There is not a sound piece of 
 iron about it. Miss Austen, Northaiiger 
 Abbey, ch. ix. 
 
 TIZZY, a sixpence ; perhaps a cor- 
 ruption of tester. 
 
 There's an old 'oman at the lodge who 
 will show you all that's worth seeing the 
 walks and the big cascade for a tizzy. 
 Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. V. ch. i. 
 
 TOAD-IN-THE-HOLE, meat cooked in 
 batter. The speaker in the extract is 
 the Princess Augusta. 
 
 Mrs. Siddons and Sadler's "Wells, said she, 
 seems to me as illfitted as the dish they call 
 a toad in a hole, which I never saw, but always 
 think of with anger putting a noble sirloin 
 of beef into a poor paltry batter-pudding. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 153. 
 
 TOADLING, little toad. The extract 
 is a speech of Dr. Johnson's to Miss 
 Burney. 
 
 Your shyness, and slyuess, and pretending 
 to know nothing, never took me in, whatever 
 you may do with others. I always knew you 
 for a toadling. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 189. 
 
 To AND FRO, used substantially for 
 discussion ; bandying a question to and 
 fro. 
 
 There was muche to and fro, for some 
 wolde nedes to Londou, thinkinge that waye 
 to winue more than to bringe me into Flaun- 
 ders. And of them which wolde into Flauti- 
 ders some wold to lande for a barrell of 
 drinke, . . . some feared the comminge of the 
 mayre and captaine of the castell. I'ocacyon 
 of Johan Bale, 1553 (Harl. Misc., vi. 459). 
 
 TOASTING FORK or IRON, a jocular 
 name for a sword. Cf. CHEESE- 
 TO ASTER. 
 
 I served in Spain with the king's troops, 
 until the death of my dear friend Zumal- 
 carreguy, when I saw the game was over, 
 and hung up my toasting-iron. Thackeray, 
 Pendennis, ch. xxii. 
 
 If I had given him time to get at his other 
 pistol, or his toasting-fork, it was all up. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xli. 
 
 TOBACCANALIAN, a smoker.
 
 TOCO 
 
 ( 659 ) 
 
 TOM-FOOLISH 
 
 We get very good cigars for a bajoccho 
 and a half that is, very good for us cheap 
 tobaccanalians. Thackeray, Nevxomes, ch. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 Toco, chastisement (slang). 
 
 The school leaders come up furious, and 
 administer toco to the wretched fags. 
 Huyhes, Tom Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. v. 
 
 TOED, supplied with toes : the feet 
 referred to in the extract had scorpions 
 for toes. 
 
 They all bowed their snaky heads down to 
 their very feet which were toed with scor- 
 pions. Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 39. 
 
 TOER. Nashe applies this word ap- 
 parently to herring-fishers or herring- 
 curers. See extract s. v. REMBLERE. 
 
 TOES. To turn the toes up = to die. 
 Cf. HEELS. 
 
 " Several arbalestriers turned their toes up, 
 and I among them." " Killed, Denys ? come 
 now ! " " Dead as mutton." Reade, Cloister 
 and Hearth, ch. xxiv. 
 
 TOGGED, dressed ; equipped. See 
 TOGS. 
 
 He was toy'd gnostically enough. Scott, 
 St. Ronan's Well, i. 68. 
 
 TOGGERY, clothing. 
 But in Edward the First's days I very much 
 
 fear 
 
 Had a gay cavalier thought fit to appear 
 In any such toyyery then 'twas termed 
 
 gear 
 He'd have met with a highly significant 
 
 sneer. Ingoldsby Legends (St. Romwold). 
 
 TOGGLE. " A pin placed through the 
 bight of a rope, block-strap, or bolt, 
 to keep it in its place, or to put the 
 bight or eye of another rope upon, and 
 thus secure them both together" (Imp. 
 Diet.}. 
 
 The yard-ropes were fixed to the halter by 
 a toggle in the running noose of the latter. 
 Marryat, Fr. Mildmay, ch. viii. 
 
 TOGS, clothes, from toga. Shakes- 
 peare has toge (Cor. ii. 2), and toged 
 (Oth. i. 1), but see N. 
 
 Look at his togs ; superfine cloth, and the 
 heavy swell cut. Dickens, Oliver Tioist, 
 ch. xvi. 
 
 TOIL, to weary. 
 
 The army was toiled out with cruell tem- 
 pests. Holland's Camden, p. 55. 
 
 TOIL. One who overdoes something 
 which in moderation might be agree- 
 able, or who is fussy and anxious in 
 pursuit of amusement, is said to make 
 
 a toil of pleasure. The phrase is at 
 least as old as 1603. In the extract 
 reference is made to hunting and 
 hawking. 
 
 Tyring of legges and tearing of throates 
 with luring and hollowing are nothing pleas- 
 ing to my humor ; I doo not loue so to make 
 a toyle of a pleasure. Breton, Dialogue, full 
 of pithe and pleasure, p. 7. 
 
 TOLERABLENESS, allow ability. 
 
 Men flatter themselves, and cozen their 
 consciences, with a tolerableness of usury, 
 when moneys be put out for their children's 
 stocks. Adams, ii. 137. 
 
 TOLIBANT, turban. 
 
 The country custome maketh things decent 
 in vse, as ... the Turke and Persian to weare 
 great tolibants of ten, fifteene, and twentie 
 elles of linnen a peece vpon their heads. 
 Puttenham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xxiv. 
 
 TOLLBOOTH. The prison was so 
 called in Cambridge, as it still is in 
 Scotland. Corbet uses the word as a 
 verb, and explains it in a note, " Idem 
 quod Bocardo apud Oxon." The Eng. 
 Diets, give it as meaning custom-house ; 
 Wiclif so uses the word in Matt. ix. 9. 
 They might Tolebooth Oxford men. 
 
 Bp. Corbet on James I.'s visit to 
 Cambridge. 
 
 The Maior refused to give them the keys 
 of the Toll-booth or town-prison. Fuller, 
 Hist, of Cambridge, vii. 25. 
 
 TOLSEY. See extracts. The place 
 spoken of is Bristol. 
 
 The mayor and justices, or some of them, 
 usually met at their tolsey (a court house by 
 their exchequer) about noon, which was the 
 meeting of the merchants, as at the Ex- 
 change at London ; and there they sat and 
 did justice business that was brought before 
 them. North, Life of Lord GuiJford, ii. 116. 
 
 The place under it is their Tolsey or Ex- 
 change, for the meeting of their merchants. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, iii. 239. 
 
 TOMAN, a Persian gold coin. 
 The band-roll strung with tomans, 
 Which proves the veil a Persian woman's. 
 Browning, Flight of the Duchess. 
 
 TOM-DOUBLE, a shuffler. 
 
 He is for a single ministry, that he may 
 play the Tom-double under it. Character of 
 a Sneaker, 1705 (Harl. Misc., ii. 355). 
 
 TOM-FOOLISH, given to joking or 
 torn-foolery. 
 
 A man he is by nature merry, 
 Somewhat Tom-foolish, and comical, very.' 
 Southey, Nondescripts, viii. 
 U U 2
 
 TOMLING 
 
 ( 660 ) 
 
 TON1SHNESS 
 
 TOMLING, a little Tom (cat). 
 "VVe are promised, to succeed him, a black 
 Tomling.Southey, Letters, 1821 (iii. 244). 
 
 TOMMY. See extract. 
 
 It is placed in antithesis to soft and new 
 bread, what English sailors call soft tommy. 
 De Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 TO-MORROW COME NEVER, a date that 
 will never ar-ive. See quotation from 
 > wif t s. v. DEVIL. 
 
 Ra. He shall have it in a very little time. 
 
 Sy. When ? To-morrow come never? (ad 
 Calendas Grtecas). Bailey's Erasmus, p. 42. 
 
 Sally. You married to my sister ! When 
 will that be ? 
 
 Marc. Very soon, my dear! To-day or 
 to-morrow perhaps. 
 
 Sally. To-morrow come never, I believe. 
 
 C'olman, Man and Wife, Act III. 
 
 TOMRING, making a noise. The ex- 
 tract is from a protestation of the 
 Lower House of Convocation in 1536. 
 
 Item, That the singing or saying of masse, 
 matteus, or evensong is but a roreing, howl- 
 ing, whisteling, mumming, tomriny, and jug- 
 ling. Fuller, Ch. Hist, V. iv. 28. 
 
 TOM TOWLY apparently = Tom 
 Fool. 
 
 "What Tom Towly is so simple that wyl 
 not attempt to be a rithmoure ? Stanyhurst, 
 JEneid, Dedic. 
 
 TOM TRUTH, a downright fellow. See 
 extract s. v. SARISBURY. H. has " Tom- 
 Tell- Truth, a true guesser." 
 
 TO-NAME, a nick-name ; something 
 added to the proper name. 
 
 " They call my kinsman Ludovic with the 
 scar," said Quentin. " Our family names 
 are so common in a Scottish house, that 
 where there is no land in the case we always 
 give a to-name." " A nom de guerre, I sup- 
 pose you to mean," answered his companion. 
 Scott, Quentin Durward, i. 37. 
 
 TONE. In a tone = alike ; unanimous. 
 
 I complained to one and to another, but 
 all were in a tone ; and so I thought I would 
 be contented. Richardson, Grandison, iii. 
 381. 
 
 TONELESS, without tone ; unaccentu- 
 ated. 
 
 His voice, heard now for the first time, 
 was to Grandcourt's toneless drawl, which 
 had beeu in her ears every day, as the deep 
 notes of a violoncello to the broken dis- 
 course of poultry and other lazy gentry in 
 the afternoon sunshine. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Derondcr, ch. xxix. 
 
 TONGS, used as a singular. 
 
 He sat by the fireside, . . writing the name 
 
 of his mistress in the ashes with an old toncjs 
 that had lost one of its legs. Irving, Sal- 
 magundi, No. II. 
 
 TONGUE. To have a remark on the 
 tip or end of ones tongue = to be on 
 the point of speaking. 
 
 God forgive me ! but I had a sad lie at my 
 tongue's end. Richardson, Pamela, \. 205. 
 
 Mrs. Norris thought it an excellent plan, 
 and had it at her tongue's end, and was 011 the 
 point of proposing it when Mrs. Grant spoke. 
 Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. viii. 
 
 It was on the tip of the boy's tongue to re- 
 late what had followed, but he . . checked 
 himself. Dickens, M. Chuzzlewit, ch. xxix. 
 
 TONGUE-BANGER, a scold. 
 
 Then Sally she turu'd a tongue-banger, an' 
 raated me. Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 TONGUE-FENCE, argument. 
 
 In all manner of brilliant utterance and 
 tongue-fence, I have hardly known his fellow. 
 Carlyle, Life of Sterling, ch. v. 
 
 TONGUE-MAN, speaker. 
 
 I am no tongue-man, nor can move with 
 language ; but if we come to act I'll not be 
 idle. Hist, of Edward II., p. 55. 
 
 Then come, sweet Prince, Wales wooeth thee 
 
 by me, 
 By me hir sorrie Tongs-man. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 22. 
 
 TONGUE-SHOT, reach of the tongue ; 
 out of tongue-shot = out of earshot. 
 
 She would stand timidly aloof out of tongue- 
 shot. Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Iii. 
 
 TONGUESORE, evil tongue; ill - 
 speaking. 
 
 To one bringyng hym woorde that a cer- 
 taine feloe did speake euill of hym, and gaue 
 him a verie euil report ; Marie (quoth 
 Socrates) he hath not learned to speake well. 
 Imputing his tonguesore, not vnto malicious- 
 ness, but vuto the default of right knowledge. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 24. 
 
 TONGUESTER, chatterer. See quota- 
 tion from same author s. v. SELFLESS. 
 Perhaps in lone Tintagel, far from all 
 The tonguesters of the court, she had not 
 
 heard. Tennyson, The Last Tournament. 
 
 TONISH, fashionable. See quotation 
 s. vv. FLESHER, HOYDENISH. 
 
 We found Lord Mordaunt son to the Earl 
 of Peterborough a pretty, languid, tonnish 
 young man. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, i. 200. 
 And thus to tonish folks present 
 The Picturesque of Sentiment. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour I. c. 8. 
 
 TONISHNESS, fashion.
 
 TO NITROUS 
 
 ( 661 ) 
 
 TOPSITURN 
 
 Mrs. North, who is so famed for tonishness, 
 exhibited herself in a more perfect undress 
 than I ever before saw any lady, great or 
 small, appear in upon a visit. Mad. V Ar- 
 blay, Diary, i. 350. 
 
 TONITROTJS, thundering. 
 
 Billingsgate was much outdone in stupend- 
 ous obscurity, tonitrous verbosity, and malici- 
 ous scurrility. T. rown, Works, iii. 142. 
 
 To NOB FRO, here nor there ; no 
 matter. 
 
 As it is called a fire, so it is called a worm ; 
 and it is thought of some not to be a material 
 worm, that is, a living beast, but it is a meta- 
 phor ; but that is neither to nor fro : for a 
 fire it is, a worm it is, pain it is, a torment it 
 is. Latimer, ii. 361. 
 
 TONSOR, barber ; a Latin word, some- 
 times used as an English one. 
 
 I want my wig and not your talk : 
 Go with the tonsor, Pat, and try 
 To aid his hand and guide his eye. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour II. c. 2. 
 
 TOOL, to work or drive horses on a 
 coach. 
 
 He could tool a coach. Lytton, Caxtons, 
 Bk. XIII. ch. iv. 
 
 TOOTH, THEY THAT LOVE THE, gOUr- 
 
 mands. 
 
 Very delicate dainties . . . greatly sought 
 by them that love the tooth so well. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 543. 
 
 TOOTHACHE, was once supposed to be 
 caused by a worm in the tooth. 
 
 I am troubled 
 With the toothache or with love, I know not 
 
 whether ; 
 There is a icorm in both. 
 
 Massinyer, Parl. of Love, i. 5. 
 
 TOOTHFULL, full of teeth ; the Diets, 
 have the word = toothsome or palat- 
 able, with quotation from Massinger. 
 Sylvester (Third day. first weeke, 884) 
 speaks of the seed " beeing covered by 
 the tooth/nil harrow." 
 
 TOOTHY-PEG, nurses' English for a 
 tooth. 
 
 Turn we to little Miss Kilmansegg, 
 Cutting her first little toothy-peg. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kitmanseyg. 
 
 TOP, extreme, used adjectivally ; we 
 usually say " top of his speed." 
 
 Setting out at top speed, he soon overtook 
 him. //. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 364. 
 
 Top. To top over tail = to turn 
 head over heels. 
 
 To tumble ouer and ouer, to toppe ouer 
 tayle . . . may be also holesom for the body. 
 Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 47. 
 
 TOP AND TOP-GALLANT, in full force. 
 
 Captains, he cometh hitherward amain, 
 Top and top-gallant, all in brave array. 
 Peele, Battle of Alcazar, iii. 3. 
 
 He'll be here top and top-gallant presently. 
 Merry Devil of Edmonton (Dodsley, O. PI., 
 xi. 131). 
 
 TOP-FILLED, filled to the top ; the 
 adjective top-full is not uncommon. 
 Chapman (Iliad, xvi. 219) speaks of a 
 coffer " top-filled with vests." 
 
 TOPFUL, very high ; the word usually 
 = full to the top. 
 
 Soon they won 
 The top of all the topful heav'ns. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, v. 761. 
 
 TOP-HONOURS, top sails. 
 
 As our high vessels pass their watery way, 
 Let all the naval world due homage pay ; 
 "With hasty reverence their top-honours lower. 
 Prior, Carmen Seculare, 478. 
 
 TOPPINGEST, best. 
 
 The toppinyest shop-keepers in the city us'd 
 now and then to visit me. T. Broicn, Works, 
 ii. 258. 
 
 It is the toppingest thing I ever heard. 
 Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. Bk. III. ch. xi. 
 
 TOPPINGLY, highly ; very well. 
 
 I mean to marry her toppingly when she 
 least thinks of it. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. 
 II. Bk. III. ch. xviii. 
 
 TOP-SAWYER, a first-rate hand, or a 
 great person. 
 
 Wasn't he always top-saicyer among you 
 all ? Is there one of you that could touch 
 him or come near him on any scent ? 
 Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xliii. 
 
 He had paid the postboys, and travelled 
 with a servant like a top-sawyer. Thackeray, 
 The Neiccomes, ch. xv. 
 
 " See-saw is the fashion of England always, 
 and the Whigs will soon be the topsairyers." 
 " But," said I, still more confused, " the King 
 is the top-saicyer according to our proverb ; 
 how then can the Whigs be ? " Blackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 TOPSIDE TURVY, topsy turvy. 
 
 With all my precautions how was my 
 system turned topside turvy! Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, iii. 169. 
 
 Toi'SITURN, to upset. 
 He breaketh in through thickest of his foes, 
 And by his travail topsi-tnrneth them. 
 
 Sylvester, The Vocation, 744.
 
 TOPSY-TURVEY ( 662 ) TOTNESS IS TURNED 
 
 Now Nereus foams, and now the furious waues 
 All topsie-turned by the JSoliau slaues 
 Do mount and roule. 
 
 Ibid., The Schisme, 993. 
 
 TOPSY-TURVEY, to upset. 
 
 My poor mind is all topsy-turvied. Rich- 
 ardson, Pamela, ii. 40. 
 
 In the topsy-turveying course of time Hex- 
 thorp has become part of the soke of Don- 
 caster. Southey, The Doctor, ch. xxxix. 
 
 Then is it verily, as in Herr Tieck's drama, 
 a verkeherte welt, or world topsyturvied. Car- 
 lyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. x. 
 
 TOPSYTURVYFIOATION, upsetting. 
 " Valentine " was followed by " Lelia," . . 
 a regular topsyturvy fication of morality, a 
 thieves' and prostitutes' apotheosis. Thacke- 
 ray, Paris Sketch Book (Madame Sand). 
 
 TOP UP WITH, to finish with ; usually 
 spoken of food or drink. 
 
 Four engage to go half-price to the play 
 at night, and top up icith oysters. Dickens, 
 Bleak House, ch. xi. 
 
 What'll you drink, Mr. Gargery ; at my 
 expense, to top up with? Ibid., Great Ex- 
 pectations, ch. x. 
 
 TOQUE, a species of head-dress. 
 
 If Mrs. Taunton appeared in a cap of all 
 the hues of the rainbow, Mrs. Briggs forth- 
 with mounted a toque, with all the patterns 
 of the kaleidoscope. Sketches by Boz (Steam 
 Excursion). 
 
 Out came a lady in a large toque. Ibid. 
 (Bloomsbury Christening). 
 
 TOR, a hill. 
 
 Seeing a great tor close by, I could not re- 
 sist the temptation, and went up. C. Kinqs- 
 ley, 1849 (Life, i. 174). 
 
 TORIFY, to make a Tory. 
 
 He is Liberalizing them instead of their 
 Torifying him. Sir G. C. Lewis, Letters, p. 
 262. 
 
 TORPID, a second-class race-boat at 
 Oxford. 
 
 The torpids being filled with the refuse of 
 the rowing men generally awkward or very 
 young oarsmen find some difficulty in the 
 act of tossing. Hughes, Tom Brown at Ox- 
 ford, ch. xxvii. 
 
 TORPIFY, to render torpid. 
 
 [Sermoiis] are not harmless if they torpify 
 the understanding. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 xx vi. 
 
 TORT, stretched. Southey uses the 
 word again in Curse of Kehama, v. 15. 
 To-morrow, and the sun shall brace anew 
 The slacken 'd cord, that now sounds loose 
 
 ami damp ; 
 
 To-morrow, and its livelier tone will sing 
 In tort vibration to the arrow's flight. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. VIII. 
 
 TOSH, a projecting tooth. Becon 
 (iii. 237) says that Gardiner's "teeth 
 are like to the venomous toshes of the 
 ramping lion." 
 
 Toss, state of anxiety. 
 
 This put us at the Board into a tosse. 
 Pepys, June 2, 1666. 
 
 Lord what a tosse I was for some time in, 
 that they could not justly tell where it 
 [gold that he had buried] was. Ibid., Oct. 
 10, 1667. 
 
 Toss, expense ; object for which 
 money is tossed away (?). 
 
 For other tosses take 
 A hundred thousand crowns. 
 
 Massinger, The Picture, ii. 2. 
 
 TOSS-UP, an even hazard, as when a 
 coin is tossed up in the air the chances 
 of heads or tails are equal. 
 
 "I haven't the least idea," said Richard 
 musing, "what I had better be. Except 
 that I am quite sure I dou't want to go into 
 the Church, it's a toss-vp. Dickens, Bleak 
 House, ch. xiii. 
 
 TOSSY, offhand ; careless. 
 Argemone answered by some tossy com- 
 monplace. C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. vii. 
 She answered tossily enough. Ibid. 
 
 TOSTICATION, disturbance. H. has 
 tosticated, tossed about. 
 
 After all, methinks, I want those tostica- 
 tions (thou seest how women and women's 
 words fill my mind) to be over, happily over, 
 that I may sit down quietly, and reflect. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 183. 
 
 TOT, to sum up ; to bring out the 
 total. 
 
 These totted together will make a pretty 
 beginning of my little project. H. Brooke, 
 Fool of Quality, ii. 211. 
 
 " One thousand eight hundred," said 
 Hyacinth, totting his entries. Savage, R. 
 Medlicott, Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 The last two tot up the bill. Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, xix. 
 
 TOTAL, abrupt ; curt ; putting every- 
 thing into a small compass. 
 
 . . Do you mean my tender ears to spare : 
 That to my questions you so total are, 
 When I demand of Phoenix Stella's state, 
 You say (forsooth) you left her well of 
 
 late, 
 
 O God, think you that satisfies my care ? 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, st. 92. 
 
 TOTNESS is TURNED FRENCH. See
 
 TOTTENHAM 
 
 ( 663 ) TOVARDILL1OS 
 
 quotation. Fuller quotes and explains 
 this proverb of Tottenham, q. v. 
 
 Such prouerbiall speeches as Totness is 
 turned French, for a strange alteration ; 
 Skarborow warning for a sodaine command- 
 ment, allowing no respect or delay to be- 
 thinke a man of his business. Puttenham, 
 Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. ch. xviii. 
 
 TOTTENHAM is TURNED FRENCH. See 
 extract. Puttenham quotes this pro- 
 verb of Totness. Fuller says he found 
 the saying in the Description of Tot- 
 tenham by Mr. Bed well, one of the 
 translators of the Bible, but quoted by 
 him ''out of Mr. Heywood." 
 
 About the beginning of the Beign of King 
 Henry the Eighth, French Mechanicks 
 swarmed in England to the great prejudice 
 of English Artizans, . . . nor was the City 
 onely, but Country villages for four miles 
 about, filled with French fashions and in- 
 fections. The Proverb is applied to such 
 who, contemning the custom of their own 
 Country, make themselves more ridiculous 
 by affecting forraign humours and habits. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Middlesex (ii. 36). 
 
 TOTTER (vb. act), to shake. 
 
 Our God laughed them to scorn, sunk 
 them, drunk them up with His waves ; tot- 
 tered, scattered them on the waters. Adams, 
 i. 419. 
 
 Every little disease, like a storm, totters 
 us. Ibid., ii. 29. 
 
 TOTTERY, shaky. 
 
 When I looked up and saw what a tottery 
 performance it was, I concluded to give them 
 a wide berth. Hughes, Tom Brown at Ox~ 
 ford, ch. vi. 
 
 TOUCH-AND-GO. L., who gives no 
 example, calls this " A colloquial com- 
 bination signifying hastiness of temper, 
 used either substantially, as, ' It is all 
 touch-and-go with some people,' or ad- 
 jectivally, as, ' A touch-and-go kind of 
 person.' " It seems in the quotation, 
 which refers to an ill-assorted couple, 
 to have this meaning ; it is, however, 
 often applied also to something, such 
 as an accident for instance, which had 
 almost happened. 
 
 So it was with Glenroy and his lady. It 
 had been touch-and-go with them for many a 
 day, and now, from less to more, from bad 
 to worse, it ended in a threatened separation. 
 Miss Farrier, Destiny, ch. iii. (1831). 
 
 TOUCH ME NOT. L. (who gives no 
 example) says, " Plant of the genus 
 Impatiens (species, noli -me- tangere), 
 so called from the construction of the 
 seed-vessel, which being irritated when 
 
 touched, and ripe, projects the seeds to 
 some distancs." 
 
 Presbytery seeming like the plant called 
 Touch me not, which flies in the face, and 
 breaks in the fingers of those that presse it. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 19. 
 
 TOUCH POT, TOUCH PENNY, no credit 
 given. Swift alludes to this proverb 
 when describing an usurer, who had his 
 office at a Dublin tavern. 
 
 He touched the pence when others touched 
 the pot. Swift, Elegy on Mr. Demar. 
 
 We know the custom of such houses, con- 
 tinues he ; 'tis touch pot, touch penny ; we 
 only want money's worth for our money. 
 Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 TOUGHISH, pretty tough. 
 So I whips out a toughish end of yarn. 
 
 Hood, Sailor's Apology for bow-legs. 
 
 TOUR, to travel. 
 
 He was touring about as usual, for he was 
 as restless as a hyena. De Quincey, Murder 
 as a Fine Art. 
 
 TOUR, the ring in Hyde Park. 
 
 Mr. Povy and I in his coach to Hyde Parke, 
 being the first day of the tour there ; where 
 many brave ladies. Pepys, March 19, 1665. 
 
 Took up my wife and Deb., and to the 
 Park, where being in a hackney, and they 
 undressed, was ashamed to go into the tour. 
 Ibid.. March 31, 1668. 
 
 The sweetness of the Park is at eleven, 
 when the Beau-Monde make their tour there. 
 Centlivre, The Basset Table, i. 2. 
 
 TOURISM, travelling for pleasure. 
 
 There never have been such things as 
 tours in Crete, which are mere tourism and 
 nothing else. Lord Strangford, Letters and 
 Papers, p. 98. 
 
 TOURISTIC, pertaining to a tour or 
 tourists. 
 
 Curiously enough, there is no such thing 
 as a record of touristic journeying in Crete. 
 Lord Strangford, Letters and Papers, p. 98. 
 
 TOURNERIES, articles mrde by the 
 turning-lathe. 
 
 In another roome are such rare toumeries 
 in ivory as are not to be described for their 
 curiosity. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 22, 1644. 
 
 TOUTH, to tooth or taste, so tooth- 
 some = dainty. 
 
 The Syracusans vsed such varietie of 
 dishes in their banquets that when they 
 were sette, and their boordes furnished, 
 they were many times in doubt which they 
 should touth first or taste last. Gosson, 
 Schoole of Abuse, p. 19. 
 
 TOVARDILLIOS.
 
 TO WARD 
 
 ( 664 ) 
 
 TRAICTISE 
 
 Though the air of Artonia be not so hot 
 as that of her next neighbour Tumontia, yet 
 she is more subject to distempers, calentures, 
 and tovardillios. Howell, Parly of Beasts, 
 p. 21. 
 
 TOWARD, toward him = on his side, 
 or of his company. 
 
 Herod and they that were toward him, 
 beiug all that they were by Caesar, to make 
 the tribute sure work, they held, that not 
 only tribute, but whatsoever else, was 
 Caesar's. Andreices, v. 128. 
 
 TOWEL. Oaken towel a cue 
 lead towel = a bullet. 
 
 Frankly, shaking his cane, bid him hold 
 his tougue, otherwise he would dust his 
 cassock for him. " I have no pretensions to 
 such a valet," said Tom ; " but if you should 
 do me that office, and over-heat yourself, I 
 have here a good oaken towel at your service." 
 Xmollett, Humphrey Clinker, i. 83. 
 Make Nuuky surrender his dibs, 
 
 Hub his pate with a pair of lead towels. 
 J. and H. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 162. 
 
 TOWELLING, towel. 
 
 Let the dame of the castle prick forth on 
 
 her jennet, 
 And, with water to wash the hands of her 
 
 liege 
 In a clean ewer with a fair towelling. 
 
 Browning, Flight of the Duchess. 
 
 TOWN, is often used for London. 
 The subjoined is an early instance. 
 Bp. Jenkinson of St. David's (1825 
 40) offered a curate in his diocese a 
 living, and desired him to come to 
 town to be instituted. The curate ex- 
 pressed every willingness to obey the 
 command, but added that his Lordship 
 had omitted to mention the name of 
 the town where his presence was 
 required. 
 
 That a letter be directed to the Vice Ad- 
 miral to desire him to suffer Prince Philip, 
 brother to the Prince Elector, to come to 
 town. Commons' Journals, v. 245 (1648). 
 
 TOWN -BOX, city chest, or common 
 fund. 
 
 Upon the confiscation of them to their 
 Town-box or Exchequer, they might well 
 have allowed Mr. Calvin ... a salary beyond 
 an hundred pounds. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 11. 
 
 TOWN-LAND, an Irish term explained 
 in the extract. 
 
 Two or three cabins gathered together 
 were sufficient to constitute a town, and the 
 land adjoining thereto is called a town-land. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Ennui, ch. viii. 
 
 TOWNLRT, a small town. 
 
 ^Egilsfild and Bradfeld ii townlettes or vil- 
 lages. Leland, Itin., v. 94. 
 
 With no other friend than the poor school- 
 master of a provincial townlet. tiouthey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cxviii. 
 
 Toy, cap, in which sense it is still 
 used in Scotland. 
 
 On my head no toy 
 But was her pattern. 
 
 Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 
 The flaps of the loose toy depended on 
 each side of her eager face. &-ott, Pirate, 
 i. 70. 
 
 TOY. To take toy = to start. 
 The hot horse, hot as fire, 
 Took toy at this, and fell to what disorder 
 His power could give his will. 
 
 Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 
 
 Shee is indeed one that has taken a toy at 
 the fashion of religion, and is enamour'd of 
 the new-fangle. Earle, Microcosmographie 
 (Shee precise Hypocrite). 
 
 TOYSOME, playful, or, as it seems to 
 mean in the extract, playfully affec- 
 tionate. 
 
 Two or three toysome things were said by 
 my lord (no ape was ever so fond !) and I 
 could hardly forbear him. Richardson, Gran- 
 dison, v. 299. 
 
 TOYT-HEADED, feather-headed. 
 
 They will not admit the novel question of 
 these toyt-headed times, what shall we think ? 
 Adams, i. 221. 
 
 TRACELESS, that cannot be traced : 
 in extract the reference is to a copper 
 coin worn quite smooth. 
 
 On traceless copper sees imperial heads. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 242. 
 
 TRACKS. To make tracks = to depart. 
 
 You will be pleased to make tracks, and 
 vanish out of these parts for ever. Kingsley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. xiv. 
 
 TRACTATOR, Tractarian. 
 
 Talking of the Tractators so you still like 
 their tone ! and so do I. C. Kingsley, 1842 
 (Life, i. 58). 
 
 TRAGELAPHI, goat-stags: the name 
 given by the Greeks to a fantastic 
 animal represented on Eastern carpets 
 and the like. See Liddelland Scott, s.v. 
 
 In all that follows are Trayclaphi, Satyrs 
 and Griffins, Cocks and Bulls. Hacket, Life 
 of Williams, ii. 49. 
 
 TRAICTISE, treatise. 
 A booke conteinyng a traictise of justice. 
 Udal's Eratmus's Apophth., p. 248.
 
 TRAIL 
 
 ( 665 ) TRANSLATIVE 
 
 TRAIL. See extract ; we more com- 
 monly say, to draw out, though this is 
 sometimes used in a good sense, i. e. of 
 leading a person to speak on matters 
 with which he is conversant. 
 
 I presently perceived she was (what is 
 vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent ; 
 that is, playing on her ignorance ; her trail 
 might be clever, but it was decidedly not 
 good-natured. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. 
 xvii. 
 
 TBAITORISM, betrayal. 
 
 The loyal clergy . . . are charged with 
 traitorism of their principles. North, Exa- 
 men, p. 323. 
 
 He . . . represents the doctrine as well as 
 law of nonresistance like a dreg of traitorism 
 and slavery. Ibid., p. 341. 
 
 TRALUCE, to shine through. 
 As the bright Sun shines thorough smoothest 
 
 glass, 
 
 The turning planets' influence doth pass 
 Without impeachment through the glist'ring 
 
 tent 
 Of the tralucing fiery element. 
 
 Sylvester, Second day, first iceeke, 380. 
 
 TBAMAYLED, swathed in grave- 
 clothes (?) ; trammelled (?). 
 
 The corps must be sered, tramayled, leded 
 and chested. Council Minute on funeral of 
 Q. Katherine of Arragon, 1536 (Arch. xvi. 23). 
 
 TRANCEDLY, in an absorbed or trance- 
 like manner. 
 
 Then stole I up, and trancedly 
 Gazed on the Persian girl alone. 
 
 Tennyson, Arabian Nights. 
 
 TRANGAME. In the extract the widow 
 Blackacre uses this word as a term of 
 reproach to her son, and applies it also 
 to trinkets, cat-calls, &c., which he had 
 in his hand. R. has trangram with a 
 quotation from Swift, where it seems 
 to mean much the same as gimcracks. 
 
 But go, thou tranyame, and carry back 
 those tranyames which thou has stolen or 
 purloined. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1. 
 
 TRANGDILLO, apparently a coined 
 word signifying some musical per- 
 formance. 
 
 Even d'Urfey himself and such merry fellows, 
 That put their whole trust in tunes and 
 
 trany dittoes, 
 May hang up their harps and themselves on 
 
 the willows. T. Brown, Works, \. 62. 
 
 TRANKUMS, fallals ; ornaments of 
 dress. 
 
 That shawl must be had for Clara, with 
 the other trankums of muslin and lace. 
 Scott, St. Ronan's Well, ch. xviii. 
 
 TRANLACE, to transpose. 
 
 The same letters being by me tossed and 
 tranlaced fiue hundred times. Puttenham, 
 Eng. Poesie, Bk. II. (end of cancelled pages). 
 
 Then haue ye a figure which the Latines 
 call traductio, and I the tranlacer ; which is 
 when ye turn and tranlace a word into many 
 sundry shapes. Ibid., Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 TRANQUILLIZE, to grow tranquil: 
 usually = to make tranquil. 
 
 This unmanageable heart . . . will go on 
 with its boundings. I'll try, as I ride in my 
 chariot, to tranquillize. Richardson, Cl. Har- 
 lowe, v. 79. 
 
 TRANSAKE, to ransack. 
 
 Suche as have theyr. purse full of golde 
 gyve to the pore not one pece thereof, but 
 yf they gyve ought, they transake the botome 
 amonge all the golde, to seke out here an 
 halfe peny. Sir T. More, Dialoge, p. 12. 
 
 TRANSCURSIVE, rambling. See extract 
 s. v. REPORTORY. 
 
 TRANSFRETE, to cross the sea. 
 
 Have we not hurried up and down, tra- 
 velled and toiled enough, in being transfreted 
 and past over the Hircanian sea. Urquhart's 
 Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxxiii. 
 
 TRANSFUGE, a deserter or fugitive. 
 
 The protection of deserters and transfuses 
 is the invariable rule of every service in the 
 world. Lord Stanhope, Misc., Second Series, 
 p. 18. 
 
 TRANSINCORPORATION, change made 
 by the soul into different bodies ; 
 metempsychosis. 
 
 Its contents are full of curious informa- 
 tion, more particularly those on the transin- 
 corporation of souls. W. Taylor of Norinch 
 (Memoir, ii. 305). 
 
 TRANSLATIVE, tropical ; transferring 
 from one sense or language to another. 
 The pedantic Mr. Brand in the second 
 extract need have made no apology, 
 if he had known of the passage in 
 Puttenham, who has been saying that 
 a foot must be able on occasion " to 
 go, to runne, and to stand still." 
 
 And if our feete poeticall want these 
 qualities, it can not be sayd a foote in seuce 
 translatiue as here. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, 
 Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 Which [words of Juvenal] suiting the case 
 so well, you'll forgive me, Sir, for popping 
 down in English metre, as the translative 
 impulse (pardon a new word, and yet we 
 scholars are not fond of authenticating new 
 words) came upon me uncalled for. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlorce, viii. 62.
 
 TRANSLATOR 
 
 666 ) TREAT1NG-HOUSE 
 
 TRANSLATOR, a cobbler ; a translator 
 of soles. The word is given without 
 example in H. and in L. 
 
 The cobbler is affronted, if you don't call 
 him Mr. Translator. T. Brown, Works,. 73. 
 
 TRANSLUCE, to shine through. 
 Serene thy woe-adumb'red front, sweet 
 
 Saint ; 
 
 Let joy transluce thy Beauties' blandishment. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 26. 
 
 TRANSMOGRIFY, to change. 
 
 The transmogrified Pagan performed his 
 vow. Ingoldsby Legends (S. Aloys). 
 
 TRANSPORTIVE, excessive ; carrying 
 beyond bounds. 
 
 It is the voice of transportive fury, " I can- 
 not moderate my anger." Adams, ii. 315. 
 
 TRANSPORTMENT, passion. The word 
 is in R. and L. with the same quotation 
 from Beaumont and Fletcher, but there 
 it means freight, that which is trans- 
 ported. 
 
 There he attack'd me 
 With such transportment the whole town had 
 
 rung on't, 
 Had I not run away. 
 
 Lord Digby, Elvira, Act IV. 
 
 TRANSPOSE, transposition. 
 
 This man was very perfit and fortunate 
 iu these transposes. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, 
 Bk. II. (cancelled pages). 
 
 TRANSVIEW, look through. 
 Let vs with eagles eyes without offence 
 Transview the obscure things that do re- 
 
 maiue. 
 
 Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 9. 
 
 TRANSVOLVE, to transfer. 
 
 'Tis he who transvolves empires, tumbles 
 down monarchies, and cantonizeth them in- 
 to petty commonwealths. Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 110. 
 
 TRAP, contrivance : so, to be up to 
 trap or understand trap = to be wide- 
 awake. 
 
 It is almost impossible that all these cir- 
 cumstances . . . should be collected without 
 some contrivance for purposes that do not 
 obviously appear ; and nothing but trap can 
 resolve them. North, Examen, p. 203. 
 
 Some cunning persons that had found out 
 his foible and ignorance of trap, first put him 
 iu great fright. Ibid., p. 549. 
 
 Our Minor was a little too hasty ; he did 
 not understand trap, knows nothing of the 
 game, my dear. Foote, The Minor, Act II. 
 
 His good lady . . understood trap as well 
 as any woman in the Mearns. Scott, Pirate, 
 i. 51. 
 
 TRAPES, a slatternly woman (Hudi- 
 bras, III. ii. 467). To trapes is to go 
 about like a trapes, and so trapes = a 
 going about. 
 
 It's such a toil and a trapes up them two 
 pair of stairs. Mrs. H. Wood, The Channings, 
 p. 471. 
 
 TRAPESING, lounging ; slatternly. 
 
 The daughter a tall, trapesing, trolloping, 
 talkative maypole. Goldsmith, She stoops to 
 conquer, Act I. 
 
 TRAPS, goods ; baggage. 
 
 A couple of horses carry us and our traps. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xxx. 
 
 On the first hint of disease, pack up your 
 traps and your good lady, and go and live in 
 the watch-house across the river. Kinysley, 
 Two Years Ago, ch. xiv. 
 
 TRAPS, police. Cf. BUMTRAP ; see 
 quot. 5. v. LUCKY. 
 
 Dick's always in trouble .... there's a 
 couple of traps in Belston after him now. 
 H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. vi. 
 
 TRASH, money : see H. s. v. 
 
 Therefore must I bid him provide trash, 
 for my master is no friend without money. 
 Greene, James the Fourth, III. i. 
 
 Nor would Belinus for King Croesus' trash 
 "Wish Amurack to displease the gods. 
 
 Ibid., Alphonsus, III. i. 
 
 TRASY, a spaniel. 
 
 A trasy I do keep, whereby 
 
 I please 
 The more my rurall privacie. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 264. 
 
 TRAVELLER. To tip the traveller = 
 to humbug. This slang refers of 
 course to the wonderful tales of travel- 
 lers. 
 
 " I'd rather see you dead than brought to 
 such a dilemma." " Mayhap thou wouldst," 
 answered the uncle ; " for then, my lad, 
 there would be some picking; aha! dost 
 thou tip me the traveller, my boy?" 
 Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. vi. 
 
 TREAD-BEHIND, a doubling ; an en- 
 deavour to escape in that way. 
 
 His tricks and traps and tread-behinds. 
 
 Naylor, Reynard the Fox, p. 20. 
 
 TREATING-HOUSE, a restaurant. 
 
 The taverns and treating-houses have eas'd 
 you of a round income. Gentleman In- 
 structed, p. 287. 
 
 His first jaunt is to a treating-house ; here 
 he trespasses upon all the rules of temper- * 
 ance and sobriety. Ibid., p. 479.
 
 TREBLE 
 
 ( 667 ) 
 
 TRESSFUL 
 
 TREBLE, a musical instrument. 
 
 Hearing of Frank their son, the miller, 
 play upon his treble as he calls it, with 
 which he earnes part of his living, and sing- 
 ing of a country song, we sat down to 
 supper. Pepys, Sept. 17, 1663. 
 
 TREDBILLE, a game at cards for three 
 players. 
 
 I was playing at eighteen-penny tredrille 
 with the duchess of Newcastle and Lady 
 Browne. Walpole, Letters, III. 464 (1774). 
 
 TREE. Lame as a tree = very lame. 
 
 "What a pull," said he, " that it's lie-in- 
 bed, for I shall be as lame as a tree, I think." 
 Hughes, Tom Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. 
 ch. vii. 
 
 TREE. To be at the top of the tree = 
 to be pre-eminent. 
 
 Master Moses is an absolute Proteus ; in 
 every elegance at the top of the tree. Foote, 
 The Cozeners, Act I. 
 
 You must needs think what a hardship it 
 is to me to have him turn out so unlucky, 
 after all I have done for him, when I thought 
 to have seen him at the top of the tree, as one 
 may say. Mad. D'Arttay, Cecilia, Bk. IV., 
 ch. vi. 
 
 TREED, at the end of one's resources ; 
 in a fix : one in this predicament is 
 said to be up a tree. The reference is 
 to a hunted bear or racoon who has at 
 List gone up a tree, while the dogs and 
 huntsmen are at the foot. 
 
 You are treed and you can't help yourself. 
 H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. v. 
 
 TREELESS, without trees. 
 
 I arrived in the midst of a dreary treeless 
 country. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. 
 xxviii. 
 
 TREE-NAIL. " In Naval Architecture, 
 wooden bolt by which the planks of a 
 ship's bottom are secured to the tim- 
 bers " (L. who has no example). 
 My Keel is framed of Crabbed care, 
 
 My ribs are all of Ruth, 
 My planks are nothing else but Plaints, 
 With tree-nails joined with Truth. 
 Sir W. Herbert, Boat of Bale (Eiig. 
 
 Garner, i. 644). 
 
 The planks ri vetted together with iron, 
 and fastened to the timbers with oak tree- 
 nails. Archxol., xx. 554 (1824). 
 
 TREMBLEMEXT, tremor ; quivering. 
 Small the wood is, green with hazels, 
 
 And completing the ascent, 
 Where the wind blows and sun dazzles 
 
 Thrills in leafy tremblement, 
 Like a heart that after climbing beateth 
 quickly through content. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, The lost bower. 
 
 TKEMULATION, trembling. 
 
 I was struck with such a terrible tremula- 
 tion that it was as much as three gulps of 
 my brandy bottle could do to put my chill 'd 
 blood into its regular motion. T. Brown, 
 Works, ii. 236. 
 
 TRENCHER, a comparison for neatness 
 and exactness. 
 
 Filling vp as trimme as a trencher the space 
 that stood voide. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 276. 
 
 TRENCHER, is prefixed to several 
 words. The following are not noted in 
 the Diets. : trencher-law = regulation 
 of diet ; he who lays down this law is 
 a trencher-critic ; a trencher-chaplain 
 is the domestic chaplain of a private 
 gentleman. Heylin (Life of Laud, p. 
 254) uses the same term. Davies 
 (Muse's Sacrifice, Ep. Ded.) speaks 
 of trencher-bujfons, i. e. the wags or 
 butts at a dinner-table. 
 O lawless paunch, the cause of much despite, 
 Through ranging of a currish appetite, 
 When spleenish morsels cram the gaping 
 
 maw, 
 
 Wichouten diet's care or trencher-law ; 
 Tho' never have I Salerne rhymes profess'd 
 To be some lady's trencher-critic guest. 
 
 Hall, Sat. IV., iv. xxi. 
 
 A gentle squire would gladly entertain 
 
 Into his house some trencher-chapperlain. 
 Ibid., II. vi. 2. 
 
 TRENT, trend ; bend course. 
 
 The valley of Gehinnon and Jehosaphat, 
 like two conjoining streames, do trent to the 
 South. Sandys, Travels, p. 188. 
 
 TREPAN, some engine or instrument 
 used in a siege. 
 
 And there th' Inginers haue the Trepan drest, 
 And reared vp the Ramme for battrie best. 
 Hudson's Judith, iii. 107. 
 
 TREPANE, usually, a surgical instru- 
 ment for perforating the scull ; here 
 applied to an instrument used in pierc- 
 ing or making holes in the walls of a 
 town. 
 
 The boisterous trepane and steel pick-ax play 
 Their parts apace, not idle night nor day. 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 994. 
 
 TREPID, trembling. 
 
 Look at the poor little trepid creature, 
 panting and helpless under the great eyes. 
 Thackeray, The Virginians, ch. Ixx. 
 
 TRESSFULL, having luxuriant hair. 
 
 Pharo's faire daughter, wonder of her time, 
 
 Then in the blooming of her beautie's prime. 
 
 Was queintly dressing of her tressfull head. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 734.
 
 ( 668 ) 
 
 TRIM-TRAM 
 
 TRESSV, with tresses ; hanging as 
 tresses. 
 
 The rock half sheltered from my view 
 
 By pendent boughs of tressy yew. 
 
 Coleridge, Leicti. 
 
 TRIALITY, union of three. Dr. Doran 
 thought he was the inventor of this 
 word, hut R. supplies an instance from 
 Holinshed, and L. two more from Skel- 
 ton and Wharton. In a work published 
 1581, " dualities, trialities" i. e. holding 
 two or three benefices, are reckoned 
 Church abuses (Arber, Marprelate 
 Controversy, p. 29). 
 
 Dr. "\Vigan. the kinsman of the actor so 
 named, not only wrote on the duality of mind, 
 but on the triality (if we may coin a word), 
 the three-fold excellence of the Brighton 
 atmosphere. Doran, Memories of our great 
 towns, p. 294. 
 
 TRIARCHY, rule by three governors. 
 Cf. DUARCHY. 
 
 She [the rational soul] issueth forth her 
 commands, and dividing her empire into a 
 triarchy, she governs by three viceroys, the 
 three faculties. Howell, Parly of easts. 
 p. 143. 
 
 TRIBCAL, pertaining to a tribe. L. 
 has the word without example. 
 
 Surely this proceedeth not from any 
 natural imperfection in the Parents, whence 
 probably the Tribual lisping of the Ephraim- 
 ites did arise. Fuller, Worthies, Leicester 
 (i. 562). 
 
 TRIBUXITIAN, pertaining to tribunes, 
 or after the manner of tribunes. 
 
 Whose tribunitian not imperatorian power 
 is immediately founded, as they say, in the 
 very plebs or herd of people. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 450. 
 
 TRICK. To know a trick worth two of 
 that, is to know of some better expedi- 
 ent, or sometimes merely to decline to 
 do what was proposed. 
 
 " Ah ! " says she, " it is as 1 feared ; the key 
 is gone ! " I was thunder-struck at this news ; 
 but she said, she knew a trick teorth two of 
 that, and bidding me follow her, . . . she 
 opened a door into the area. Graves, Spirit- 
 ual Quixote, Bk. III. ch. xv. 
 
 Hear what he says of you, sir ? Clive, best 
 be off to bed, my boy ho ! ho ! No, no. 
 We know a trick worth two of that. We 
 won't go home till morning, till daylight 
 does appear. Thackeray, The Newcomes, ch. i. 
 
 TRICKLENESS, transitoriness. 
 O Time that thus endeerest me to thy lone, 
 
 I constantly adore thy 6cklenesse, 
 That neuer mou'st but dost my sences moue 
 
 To mind thy flight, and this life's trickel- 
 ntsse. Uavies, Wittes I'ilgrimage, p. 45. 
 
 TRICKSINESS, playfulness. 
 There was none of the latent fun and 
 tricksiness. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. vii. 
 
 TRICKSOME, full of tricks. 
 I have been a tricksome shifty vagrant. 
 Lytton, What mil he do icith it ? Bk. X. ch. v. 
 
 TRIDENTAL, an epithet of Neptune as 
 represented with a trident. 
 The white-mouth'd water now usurps the 
 
 shore, 
 
 And scorns the pow'r of her tridental 
 guide. Quarles, Emblems, I. ii. 4. 
 
 TRIG, neat. Jonson (Alch., iv. 1) has 
 the substantive = coxcomb. See N. 
 
 The younger snooded up her hair, and 
 now went about the house a damsel so trio 
 and neat, that some said she was too hand- 
 some for the service of a bachelor divine. 
 Scott, St. Bonan's Well, ii. 137. 
 
 TRIG, a support. 
 
 Nor is his suite in danger to be stopt, 
 Or with the trigges of long demurrers propt. 
 S'tapylton 's Juvenal, xvi. 62. 
 
 TRIGONY, threefold birth or product. 
 Man is that great Amphybium in whom be 
 Three distinct souls by way of triyony. 
 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 140. 
 
 TRILLIL, to drink ; an onomatopoeous 
 word expressive of the gurgling of 
 liquor. 
 
 In nothing but golden cups he would 
 drinke or quaffe it ; whereas in wodden 
 mazers and Agathocles' earthen stuffe they 
 trillild it off before. JVashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 166). 
 
 TRILLO, a quaver; shake in music. 
 
 Myself humming to myself (which now- 
 a-days is my constant practice since I begun 
 to learn to sing) the trillo, and found by use 
 that it do come upon me. Pepys, June 30, 
 1661. 
 
 I shake just like him ; lend your ear, 
 
 And Trillo shall with art appear. 
 
 D'Urfey, Plague of Impertinence. 
 
 Her graces, shakes, slurs, and trillos 
 ravishing beyond expression ! Colman, 
 Musical Lady, Act I. 
 
 TRIM, to scold. 
 
 Fag. So ! Sir Anthony trims my master ; 
 he is afraid to reply to his father; then 
 vents his spleen on poor Fag. Sheridan, 
 Rivals, II. i. 
 
 TRIMESTRAL. quarterly; three month- 
 ly. See extract s. v. LOMBARD-STREET. 
 
 TRIM-TRAM. H. explains this "a 
 trifle or absurdity," and this is its sense 
 in extract from Stanyhurst, s. v. JANG- 
 LEKY, and from Patton, s. v. RATTLE-
 
 TRINDILL 
 
 ( 669 ) 
 
 TRIUMVERIE 
 
 BLADDER ; but Grose gives its meaning, 
 "like master, like man." 
 
 They thought you as great a nincompoop 
 as your 'squire trim-tram, like master, like 
 man. Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. xiii. 
 
 TRINDILL. See extract 
 
 That they take away and destroy all 
 shrines, covering of shrines, tables, candle- 
 sticks, trindills, or rolls of wax. King's In- 
 junctions, 1547 (Fuller, Ch. Hist., VII. i. 3). 
 
 TRINDLES, dung of goats, &c. It is 
 goats' dung that is referred to in the 
 extract. 
 
 The very trindles drunck in wine are good 
 against the jaundise. Howell, Parly of 
 Beasts, p. 123. 
 
 TRINKERY, pertaining to trinkets ; 
 fine: a word, I suppose, coined by 
 Stanyhurst for the sake of the jingle. 
 
 Cf. MUFFE MAFFE. 
 
 Long for thee Princesse thee Moors gentilitye 
 
 wayted, 
 As yet in her pincking not pranckt with 
 
 trinckerye trinckets. 
 
 Stanyhurst, ^En,., iv. 137. 
 
 TRINKET, to traffic ; to intrigue. 
 
 Had the Popish Lords stood to the interest 
 of the Crown, as they ought to have done, 
 and not trinketed with the enemies of that 
 and themselves, it is probable they had kept 
 their seats in the House of Lords for many 
 years longer. North, Examtn, p. 63. 
 
 His odious trinketting with foreign in- 
 terests. /fo'd., p. 178. 
 
 TRINKETRY, jewellery ; nick-nacks. 
 
 Ear-drop, nor chain, nor arm, nor ankle-ring, 
 
 Nor trinketry on front, or neck, or breast. 
 
 Southey, Curse of Kehama, xiii. 
 All kinds of mercery, cloth, furs, and silks, 
 With trinketry. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art., Pt. II. i. 1. 
 
 TRIN-UNION, the Trinity, or Three in 
 One. 
 
 But that same onely wise Trin-vnion 
 "Workes miracles, wherein all wonder lies. 
 
 Davies, Microcosmos, p. 79. 
 
 TRIN-UNIONHOOD, Trinity. 
 Thou art too great for Greatnes ne'er so 
 
 Great, 
 And far too good for Goodness ere so 
 
 Good, 
 
 Who (were it possible) art more compleate 
 In Gooduesse than Thine owne Trin-vnion- 
 hood. Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 32. 
 
 TRIP, a short journey: the extract 
 marks it as a sailor's word, and implies 
 that it was not in familiar use by others, 
 though a little further on (vii. 10) it is 
 employed without qualification. Pope 
 
 quoted by Johnson speaks of " a trip 
 to London." 
 
 It will be but what mariners call a trip to 
 England. Richardson, Grandison, v. 255. 
 
 TRIPLE TREE, the gallows. Cf . THREE 
 TREES. 
 
 That very hour from an exalted triple tree 
 two of the honestest gentlemen in Catclipole- 
 laud had been made to cut a caper on no- 
 thing. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. IV. ch. xvi. 
 
 "What they may do hereafter under a 
 triple tree is much expected. Eroome, A 
 Jovial Crew, Act I. 
 
 A, wry mouth on the triple tree puts an 
 end to all discourse about us. T. Urown, 
 Works, in. 63. 
 
 TRIPOD, used adjectivally, and mean- 
 ing three feet long. Cf. the sesquipe- 
 dalia, verba of Horace. 
 
 ' The Rambler "... I liked not at all ; its 
 tripod sentences tired my ear. Miss Edye- 
 worth, Helen, ch. vii. 
 
 TRIPOINTED, having three points. 
 For how. alas ! how will you make defence 
 'Gainst the tripointed wrathfull violence 
 Of the dead dart ? Sylvester, The Lawe,4$7. 
 
 TRISECT, to divide into three parts. 
 
 Could not I have reduced it a drop a day, 
 or, by adding water, have bisected or trisected 
 a drop? De Quincey, C'onf. of an Opium 
 Eater, p. 129. 
 
 TRISULC, three-forked. The Diets, 
 give the word as a substantive. In 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xlii., 
 we read of " trisulk excommunication." 
 
 Jupiter confound me with his trisulk 
 lightning if I lie ! Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. 
 II. ch. xxxii. 
 
 TRIUMPH, when used as an active 
 verb, which is rare, usually means to 
 triumph over ; in the extract it signi- 
 fies " cause to triumph." 
 
 He hath triumphed the name of His 
 Christ ; He will bless the things He hath 
 begun. Jewel, ii. 933. 
 
 TRIUMPH. To ride triumph to be 
 in full career. 
 
 " 'Tis some misfortune," quoth my uncle 
 Toby. " That it is,'' cried my father, " to 
 have so many jarring elements breaking loose, 
 and riding triumph in every corner of a gen- 
 tleman's house. Sterne, 2V. Shandy, iii. 157. 
 
 TRIUMVERIE, triumvirate. 
 Take for thine ayde afflicting Miserie, 
 Woe, mine attendant, and Dispayre, my 
 
 freend, 
 All three my greatest great Triumuerie. 
 
 G. Markham, Tragedie of Sir R. 
 Grinuile, p. 55.
 
 TRIVE 
 
 (670 ) TRUELOVE GRASS 
 
 TRIVE, to contrive. 
 The thriftie that teacheth the thriuing to 
 
 thriue, 
 Teach timelie to traverse the thing that thou 
 
 triue. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 137. 
 
 TKIVET, is a proverbial comparison 
 indicating stability, inasmuch as it has 
 three legs to stand on. 
 
 He's all right now ; you ain't got nothing 
 to cry for, bless you ! he's righter than a 
 trivet. Dickens, M. Chuzzleivit, ch. xxviii. 
 Go home ! you'll find there all as right as a 
 
 trivet. Ingoldsly Legends (S. Romwold). 
 
 TROCHINGS, small branches on the 
 stag's horn. See extract s. v. SPILTER. 
 
 TROLL, repetition ; routine. 
 
 The troll of their categorical table might 
 have informed them that there was some- 
 thing else in the intellectual world besides 
 substance and quantity. Burke on Fr. Rev., 
 p. 151. 
 
 TROLLOLL, to troll, or sing in a rollick- 
 ing way. 
 
 They got drunk and trolloll'd it bravely. 
 North, Examen, p. 101. 
 
 TROLLOPY, slatternly. 
 
 A trollopy-looking maid-servant, seemingly 
 in waiting for them at the door, stepped for- 
 ward. Miss Austen, Mansfield Park, ch. 
 xxxvii. 
 
 TROOP-MEAL, troop by troop ; meal 
 radically = measure : so we have drop- 
 meal, inch-meal, piece-meal. 
 So troop-meal Troy pursu'd awhile, laying on 
 
 with swords and darts. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 634. 
 
 TROT, usually a contemptuous name 
 for an old woman, in which sense it is 
 illustrated in the Diets. ; but sometimes 
 also used of children, as a term of 
 endearment. 
 
 Ethel romped with the little children, the 
 rosy little trots. Thackeray, The Newcomes, 
 ch. x. 
 
 TROT-COZY. See quotation. 
 The upper part of his form . . . was 
 shrouded in a large great-coat belted over 
 his under habiliments, and crested with a 
 huge cowl of the same stuff, which, when 
 drawn over the head and hat, completely 
 overshadowed both, and being buttoned be- 
 neath the chin was called a trot-cozy. Scutt, 
 Waverley, i. 318. 
 
 TROTTER-CASES. See quotation. 
 
 He applied himself to a process which Mr. 
 Dawkins designated as " japanning his trot- 
 ter-cases." The phrase rendered into plain 
 English signifieth, cleaning his boots. 
 Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xviii. 
 
 TROUBLE-HOUSE, a disturber of peace 
 at home. 
 
 Ill-bred louts, simple sots, or peevish 
 trouble-houses. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. 
 ch. lii. 
 
 TROUBLE-REST, a disturber of rest. 
 Sylvester describes sickness as 
 
 Foul trouble-rest, fantastik greedy-gut. 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 328. 
 
 TROUGH, to feed out of a trough ; to 
 feed grossly. 
 
 "What miry wallowers the generality of 
 men of our class are in themselves, and con- 
 stantly trough and sty with. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, viii. 188. 
 
 TROUSERED, wearing trousers : Dray- 
 ton has trowzed. 
 
 The inferior or trousered half of the crea- 
 tion. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xix. 
 
 TROUTFUL, abounding in trout. 
 Clear and fresh rivulets of troutful water. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Hants (i. 399). 
 
 TROUTLESS, without trout. 
 
 I catch a trout now and then ... I have 
 had one or two this year of three and two 
 pounds, and a brace to-day,' so I am not left 
 troutless.C. Kingsley, 1865 (Life, ii. 180). 
 
 TROUTLET, a small trout. 
 There were some that ran, and some that 
 
 leapt, 
 Like troutlets in a pool. 
 
 Hood, Eugene Aram. 
 
 TRUANCY, playing truant. 
 
 I had many flattering reproaches for 
 my late truancy from these parties. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, ii. 312. 
 
 TRUCK. Truckman, or interpreter ; 
 corruption of dragoman is in the Diets. 
 Latelye toe mee posted from loue thee truck 
 
 spirt, or herrald 
 Of Gods. Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 375. 
 
 TRUCKLE, to roll, or huddle off. 
 
 Tables with two legs and chairs without 
 bottoms were truckled from the middle to 
 one end of the room. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Camilla, Bk. III. ch. xiii. 
 
 TRUCKLE, the wheel or ball used in 
 regulating a pulley. 
 
 What hiuderance, hurt, or harm doth the 
 laudable desire of knowledge bring to any 
 man, if even from a sot, a pot, a fool, a stool, 
 a winter-mitaiu, a truckle for a pulley, the 
 lid of a goldsmith's crucible, an oil bottle, an 
 old slipper, or a cane chair? Sterne, Tr. 
 Shandy, ii. 200. 
 
 THUELOVE GRASS, a plant growing in
 
 TRUE-TABLE 
 
 ( 671 ) 
 
 TUCK 
 
 woods with purplish black berries ; 
 
 Paris quadrifolia. 
 
 The outside of his doublet was 
 
 Made of the foure-leaued truelove grass. 
 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 481. 
 
 TRUE-TABLE, a hazard- table (Fr. 
 trou). 
 
 There is also a bowliug-place, a tavern, and 
 a true-table. Evelyn, Diary, 1646 (p. 193). 
 
 TRUFFE, turf. 
 
 No holy triiffe was left to hide the head 
 Of holiest men. 
 Dames, Humours, Heaven on Earth, p. 48. 
 
 TRUISH, rather true. 
 
 They perchauce light upon something that 
 seems truish and newish. Gauden, Tears of 
 the Church, p. 198. 
 
 TRULY. By my truly was a mild 
 oath = on my word : it is used more 
 than once by Mrs. Minever in Dekker's 
 Satiromastix. 
 
 She accounts nothing vices but superstition 
 and an oath, and thinkes adultery a lesse 
 sinne then to sweare by my truely. Earle, 
 Microcosmographie (Shee precise Hypocrite). 
 
 TRUMMELETTS, ringlets (?). 
 Whose head beefrindged with behallowed 
 
 tresses, 
 Seemes like Apollo's when the moone hee 
 
 blesses ; 
 
 Or like Aurora when with pearle she setts 
 Her long disheuled rose-crown'd trumme- 
 
 letts. Herrick, Appendix, p. 433. 
 
 TRUMPETRY, trumpeting. 
 
 Cornhill . . has witnessed every ninth of 
 November, for I don't know how many cen- 
 turies, a prodigious annual pageant, chariot, 
 progress, and flourish of trumpetry. Thack- 
 eray, Roundabout Papers, V. 
 
 TRUSH. H. gives the word = to run 
 about in the dirt ; also, to trush about 
 =. to litter: trush trash is one of 
 Stanyhurst's jingles (cf. MUFFE MAFFE, 
 &c.) = rubbish. 
 For to ende I purpose, my troubles wholye 
 
 to finish, 
 And toe put in fyre brands this Troian ped- 
 
 lerye trush trash. Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 688. 
 
 TRUSTY. See extract ; the speaker is 
 an Irishman. 
 
 " There was a sort of a frieze trusty." " A 
 trusty! " said Mr. Hill, " what is that, pray ? " 
 " A big coat, sure, plase your honour." 
 Miss Edyeworth, Limerick Gloves, ch. ii. 
 
 TUB, to wash. 
 In spite of all the tubbing, rubbing, scrubbing, 
 
 The routing and the grubbing, 
 The Blacks, confound them ! were as black 
 
 as ever. Hood, A black job. 
 
 TUBBISH, like a tub. 
 You look for men whose heads are rather 
 
 tubbish, 
 Or drum-like, better formed for sound than 
 
 sense. Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 136. 
 
 He was a short, round, large-faced, tubbish 
 sort of man. Sketches by Boz (Mr. John 
 Dounce). 
 
 TUBBY, round-bellied ; like a tub. 
 
 We had seen him coming up to Covent- 
 Garden in his green chaise-cart with the fat 
 tubby little horse. Sketches by Boz (Mon- 
 mouth Street). 
 
 TUB-DRUBBER, tub-preacher, q. v. 
 
 Business and poetry agree as ill together 
 as faith and reason ; which two latter, as has 
 been judiciously observ'd by the fam'd tub- 
 drubber of Covent Garden, can never be 
 brought to set their horses together. 2'. 
 Brown, Works, iii. 198. 
 
 TUBERON, the West Indian name for 
 shark : in the Harl. Misc. the word is 
 misprinted tuheron. 
 
 There waited on our ship fishes as long as 
 a man, which they call Tuberones. T. Stevens, 
 1579 (Eny. Garner, i. 133). 
 
 The tuberon attended with his guard. 
 Dennys, Secrets of Angling (Ibid., i. 166). 
 
 A shark or tuberon that lay gaping for the 
 flying fish hard by ... snapt her up. Nathe, 
 Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 169). 
 
 TUBEROSITY, swelling. 
 
 Whether he . . swell out in starched ruffs, 
 buckram stuffings, and monstrous tuberosi- 
 ties. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. v. 
 
 TUB-PREACHER, a ranting, dissenting 
 preacher. 
 
 Here are your lawful ministers present, to 
 whom of late you do not resort, I hear, but 
 to tub-preachers in conventicles. Hackct, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 165. 
 
 George Eagles, sirnamed Trudge over the 
 world, who, of a taylor, became a tub- 
 preacher, was indicted of treason. Semper 
 iidem, 1661 (Harl. Misc., vii. 401). 
 
 The tub preachers are very much dissatisfy'd 
 that you invade their prerogative of hell. 
 T. Brown, Works, i. 173. 
 
 TUBSTER, a dissenting preacher. 
 Brown describes himself as going into 
 " a Presbyterian Meeting," and hearing 
 " a vociferous holder- forth : " 
 
 He (says the tubster) that would be rich 
 according to the practice of this wicked age 
 must play the thief or the cheat. T. Brown, 
 Works, iii. 68. 
 
 TUCK, food, especially sweet-stuff, 
 pastry, &c. (slang). 
 
 The Slogger looks rather sodden, as if he 
 didn't take much exercise and ate too much
 
 TUCK-SHOP 
 
 ( 67* ) 
 
 TURKEN 
 
 tack. Hughes, TOM Bro ten's Schooldays, Pt. 
 II. ch. v. 
 
 TUCK-SHOP, a past^cook's shop: see 
 extract s. v. TOFFY. 
 
 Come along down to Sally Harrowell's ; 
 that's our School-house tuck-shop she bakes 
 such stunning murphies. Huyhes, Tom 
 Brown's Schooldays, Pt. i. ch. vi. 
 
 TUCK UP, to string up ; to hang. 
 
 I never saw an execution but once, and 
 then the hangman asked the poor creature's 
 pardon, and wiped his mouth as you do, and 
 pleaded his duty, and then calmly tucked up 
 the criminal. Richardson, Pamela, i. 141. 
 
 TUFT, a man of rank ; an Oxford 
 term ; noblemen there wearing, until 
 within the last few years, a gold tuft 
 or tassel to their cap. L. has a quot. 
 from Thackeray (Book of Snobs, ch. 
 xxi.) illustrating this use of the word, 
 but, by an oversight, has not given this 
 sense, so that the extract is among the 
 passages which illustrate tuft = cluster ; 
 plump. 
 
 The lad . . . followed with a kind of proud 
 obsequiousness all the tufts of the University. 
 Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, ch. ii. 
 
 He was at no time the least of a tuft- 
 hunter, but rather had a marked natural 
 indifference to tufts. Carlyle, Life of Ster- 
 ling, Pt. II. ch. iii'. 
 
 TUG. See quotation from Putten- 
 ham ; but in the Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 i. 204, the word = the cart itself: " I 
 have seen one tree on a carriage which 
 they call there [Sussex] a Tug drawn 
 by twenty-two oxen." The term is 
 still in use. See Parish's Sussex Glos- 
 sary. To hold tng = to stand work ; 
 to hold him tag = to give him work. 
 
 Which word tuyge . . . tooke his first 
 original! from the cart, because it signifieth 
 the pull or draught of the oxen or horses, 
 a;jd therefore the leathers that beare the 
 chief stresse of the draught, the carters call 
 them tuyyes ; and so wee vse to say that 
 shrewd boyes tugge each other by the eares, 
 for pull. Puttmham, Eny. Poesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. xxiii. 
 
 There was work enough for a curious and 
 critical antiquary that would hold him tttyg 
 for a whole yeare. Life of A. Wood, July 
 18, 1667. 
 
 No tankard, flaggon, bottle, nor jiigg 
 Are halfe so good, or so well can hold tugg. 
 Westminster Drollery, Pt. II. p. 94. 
 
 TULCHAN. See quotation ; also the 
 note appended to ch. xxiii. of Ivanhoe, 
 where the origin of the name is rather 
 referred to the time of the Reforma- 
 
 tion, when some obtained the revenues 
 of ecclesiastical offices, but had to pay 
 over the lion's share to some powerful 
 patron in the back-ground. 
 
 [King James I.'s Scotch] Bishops were by 
 the Scotch people derisively called Tulcha'n, 
 Bishops. Did the reader ever see or fancy in 
 his mind a Tulchan ? A Tulchan is, or rather 
 was,for the thing is long since obsolete, a calf- 
 skin stuffed in the rude similitude of a calf, 
 similar enough to deceive the imperfect per- 
 ceptive organ? of a cow. At milking-time 
 the Tulchan, with head duly bent, was set 
 as if to suck ; the fond cow looking round 
 fancied that her calf was busy, and that all 
 was right, and so gave her milk freely, which 
 the cunning maid was straining in white 
 abundance into her pail all the while. 
 Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 33. 
 
 TULWAR, scimitar (an Indian word). 
 
 I just caught the flash of his tulwar, and 
 thought it was all up. Huyhes, Tom Erotcn 
 at Oxford, ch. xliv. 
 
 TUMBLE-DOWN, dilapidated. 
 
 You will be doing injustice to this boy if 
 you hung on here in this useless tumble-down 
 old palace. H. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 T'oud tumbledown place is just a heap o' 
 brick and mortar. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's 
 Lovers, ch. xxiv. 
 
 TUMMOCK, a mound. 
 Your ghost may sit there on a grass turn- 
 mock. Kingsley, Westward Ho, ch. xiv. 
 
 TUMP, clump or low mound. 
 
 He stopped his little nag short of the 
 crest, and got off and looked ahead of him 
 from behind a tump of whortles. Blackmore, 
 Lor.na Doone, ch. xxxi. 
 
 TUN-BELLY, a round or pot-belly. 
 
 He has swore to her by all that is good 
 and sacred never to forgive the presumptuous 
 wretch that should think irreverently of a 
 double chin and a tun-belly. T. Brown, 
 Works, iii. 152. 
 
 TURBANTO. The extract from Nasties 
 Lenten Stuffe in which this word occurs 
 is given s. v. REMBLKRE. Nashe in a 
 note explains it, "the great lawne roule 
 which the Turkes weare aboute their 
 heads ; " in the text, however, it is 
 used adjectivally. 
 
 TURBINACEOUS, turfy. 
 
 The real turbinaceous flavour no sooner 
 reached the nose of the Captain, than the 
 beverage was turned down his throat with 
 symptoms of most unequivocal applause. 
 Scott, St. Ronan's Well, i. 226. 
 
 TURKEN, to furbish ; which word is 
 substituted in later editions of Rogers.
 
 TURKESS 
 
 ( 673 ) 
 
 TURPENTINE 
 
 The Parker Society edition is that of 
 1G07. Cf. TURKIS. 
 
 His majesty calleth for subscription unto 
 articles of religion ; but they are not either 
 articles of his own lately devised, or the old 
 newly turkened. Rogers on 39 Articles,^. 24. 
 
 TURKESS, female Turk. See extract 
 s. v. Boss. 
 
 TURKEY WHEAT. See quotation s. v. 
 PURKEY WHEAT, from the note on which 
 place by Messrs. Payne and Herrtage, 
 the first of the following extracts is 
 taken. 
 
 There grows in several parts of Africa, 
 Asia, and America, a kind of corn called 
 Mays, and such as we commonly name 
 Turkey wheat. They make bread of it which 
 is hard of digestion, heavy in the stomach, 
 and does not agree with any but such as are 
 of a robust and hail constitution. Treatise 
 on foods by Mom. L. Lemery, 1704, p. 71. 
 
 We saw a great many fields of Indian corn 
 which . . . goes by the name of Turkey wheat. 
 Smollett, France and Italy, Letter 8. 
 
 TURKEY WOOD, a species of wood. 
 See extract s. v. SUGARCHEST. 
 
 TURKIS, to furbish. Cf. TURKEN. 
 The subjoined extract is taken from a 
 note to the Parker Society edition of 
 Rogers, p. 24. 
 
 Yet he taketh the same sentence out of 
 Esay (somewhat turkised) for his poesie as 
 well as the rest. Bancroft, Survey of pre- 
 tended holy Discipline, 1593, p. 6. 
 
 TURK'S - HEAD, a long broom for 
 sweeping ceilings, &c. 
 
 Dick was all for sweeping away other 
 cobwebs, but he certainly thought heaven 
 and earth coming together when he saw a 
 great Turk's-head besom poked up at his 
 own. Lytton, My Novel, Bk. X. ch. xx. 
 
 TURKY, turquoise. 
 
 They haue . . . diuers kinds of precious 
 stones of inferiour value, amongst which 
 the emerald and the turky. Sandys, Travels, 
 p. 221. 
 
 She shows me her ring of a Turky-stone, 
 set with little sparks of dyamouds. Pepys, 
 Feb. 18, 166768. 
 
 TURN. To take a turn is a colloquial 
 expression meaning to take a short 
 walk, as round a garden or the like, but 
 in the following it is applied to a more 
 extended journey. 
 
 Some years ago I took a turn beyond the 
 seas, and made a considerable stay in those 
 parts. Gentleman Instructed, p. 14. 
 
 TURNABOUT, an innovator. 
 
 Our modern turnabouts cannot evince us 
 
 but that we feel we are best affected, whon 
 the great mysteries of Christ are celebrated 
 upon anniversary festivals. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, ii. 36. 
 
 TURNABOUT, giddiness ; a disease in 
 cattle. 
 
 The turnabout and murrain trouble cattel. 
 Sylvester, The Furies, 610. 
 
 TURN AND TURN ABOUT, by regular 
 turns ; vicissim. 
 
 " This is my house, and this my little wife." 
 " Mine too," said Philip, " turn and turn 
 
 about." Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
 
 TURN - BROACHER, turnspit : turn- 
 broach is more common. 
 
 The king . . . pardoning him his life, gave 
 him a turn-broached 's place in the kitchen. 
 J. Taylor, Life of Old Parr, 1635 (Harl. 
 Misc., vii. 80). 
 
 TURN-DOWN, used adjectivally of a 
 collar which is laid back instead of 
 standing upright: these last being 
 called stick-ups, 
 
 The other lad was somewhat taller than 
 Tom, awkwardly and plainly dressed, but 
 with a highly-developed Byrouic turn-down 
 collar, and long curling locks. Kinysley, 
 Two Years Ayo, ch. i. 
 
 TURN OUT. Workmen are said to 
 turn out when they throw up their 
 work to go on strike. See extract s. v. 
 OPERANT. 
 
 TURNPIKE, the main or turnpike road. 
 
 The road is by this means so continually 
 torn, that it is one of the worst turnpikes 
 round about London. Defoe, Tour thro' G. 
 Britain, ii. 178. 
 
 We are off of the turnpike, and the sloughs 
 are deadly deep about we. Foote, Maid of 
 Bath, Act II. 
 
 TURN-POKE, a large game-cock. 
 
 The excellency of the broods at that time 
 consisted in their weight and largeness . . . 
 and of the nature of what our sportsmen 
 call shake-bags or Turn-pokes. Archaol., iii. 
 142 (1775). 
 
 TURN-TIPPET, a time-server ; a turn- 
 coat. 
 
 The priests for the most part were double- 
 faced, turn-tippets, and flatterers. Cranmer, 
 ii. 15, margin. 
 
 All turn-tippets, that turn with the world 
 and keep their livings still, should have no 
 office in Christ's Church. Pilkinyton, p. 211. 
 
 TURPENTINE, to rub with turpentine. 
 Or martyr beat, like Shrove-tide cock, with 
 
 bats, 
 
 And fired like turpentined poor wasting rats. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 241. 
 X X
 
 TURPIFIE 
 
 ( 674 ) 
 
 TWATTLE 
 
 The table-covers are never taken off, ex- 
 cept when the leaves are turpentined and 
 bees' waxed. Sketches by Boz, ch. ii. 
 
 TURPIFIE, to calumniate ; stigmatize. 
 
 O [that] ... a woman . . . should thus tur- 
 pifie the reputation of my doctrine, with the 
 superscription of a fool. Sidney, Wanstead 
 Play, p. 620. 
 
 TURRETS. De Qtiincey in his Essay 
 on the JSnglish Mail Coach speaks of 
 the coachman examining " the silvery 
 turrets of his harness ; " and adds in a 
 note, " As one who loves and venerates 
 Chaucer ... I noticed with great plea- 
 sure that the word torrettes is used by 
 him to designate the little devices 
 through which the reins are made to 
 pass. This same word, in the same 
 exact sense, I heard uniformly used by 
 many scores of illustrious mail-coach- 
 men ... in my younger days." The 
 passage in Chaucer referred to is Cant. 
 Tales, 2154, in which place torrettes = 
 the rings on the collar of a dog through 
 which the leash was passed ; they were 
 so called from the rings turning within 
 the eye in which they were fastened. 
 
 TUSH, a tusk. See TOSH. 
 Th' hast armed som with poyson, som with 
 
 paws, 
 Som with sharp antlers, som with griping 
 
 claws, 
 Som with keen lushes, som with crooked 
 
 beaks. Sylvester, Sixth day, first week, 226. 
 
 It first whetted its tushes so sharply, and 
 bristled so fiercely against all Episcopacy. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 405. 
 
 TUSH, to use an impatient exclama- 
 tion. Udal (quoted by R.) had tusking 
 as a substantive. Cf. TUT. 
 
 Cedric tushed and pshawed more than once 
 at the message, but he refused not obedience. 
 Scott, Ivanhoe, ii. 387. 
 
 TUT, to use a contemptuous exclama- 
 tion ; pish and pshaw are used as verbs 
 in the same way. 
 
 In another moment the member of Par- 
 liament had forgotten the statist, and was 
 pishing and tutting over the Globe or the 
 Sun. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. VIII. ch. iii. 
 
 TUT, a hassock. 
 
 Paid for a tut for him that drawes the 
 bellowes of the orgaines to sit upon. ivrf. 
 Chwardens Accounts of Cheddle, 1637. 
 
 TUTAMENT, protection. 
 
 The holy Crosse is the true Tutament, 
 
 Protecting all ensheltered by the same. 
 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 19. 
 
 TUTORLY, like a tutor; pedagoguish. 
 
 The King had great reason to be weary of 
 the Earl who was grown so infirm, peevish, 
 and forgetful, as also not a little tutorly in 
 his Majesty's affairs. North, Examen, p. 453. 
 
 TUTTY, a nosegay. 
 She can wreathes and tuttyes make. 
 T. Campion, 1613 (Arber, Eny. Garner, 
 iii. 283). 
 
 TWADDLE, to talk sillily, or tediously ; 
 also the man who does so; also the talk 
 itself : modern form of twattle. 
 
 "The devil take the twaddle! ... I must 
 tip him the cold shoulder, or he will be 
 pestering me eternally." Scott, St. Ronaiis 
 Well, ii. 188. 
 
 An occasion for twaddling had come, and 
 this good soul seized it, and twaddled into a 
 man's ear who was fainting on the rack. 
 Reade, Never too late to mend, ch. xxiii. 
 
 TWADDLER, one who proses on in a 
 silly manner about commonplace mat- 
 ters. 
 
 You will perhaps be somewhat repaid by 
 a laugh at the style of this ungramuiatical 
 twaddler. Pickwick Papers, ch. Ii. 
 
 Between conceit and disgust, fancying 
 myself one day a great new poet, and the 
 next a mere twaddler, I got . . puzzled and 
 anxious. C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. viii. 
 
 TWAGGER, a lamb. Tusser has tivig- 
 ger (q. v.) = breeder. See extract 
 s. v. BUNTING. 
 
 TWANGING. To go off twanging, i. e. 
 well or, as we now say, swimmingly. 
 An old fool to be gull'd thus ! had he died 
 As I resolve to do, not to be alter'd, 
 It had gone off twanging. 
 
 Massinger, Roman Actor, ii. 2. 
 
 T w A N G L E , to twang, or sound. 
 Shakespeare has twangling. 
 
 The young Andrea bears up gaily, how- 
 ever ; twanyles his guitar. Thackeray, Shab- 
 by Genteel Story, ch. ii. 
 
 TWANGLE, a twanging sound. 
 Loud, on the heath, a twanyle rush'd, 
 That rung out Supper, grand and big, 
 From the crack'd bell of Blarneygig. 
 
 Colman, Poetical I'ayaries, p. 111. 
 
 TWATTER-LIGHT, twilight. N. has 
 twitter-light, with extract from Middle- 
 ton, and adds, " I know no other in- 
 stance." 
 
 What mak'st thou here this tiratte r-light ? 
 I think thou'rt in a dream. 
 
 Wily Jiequil'd (Hawkins, Eny. Dr., 
 ii'i. 331). 
 
 TWATTLE, "short and twattle" are
 
 TWEEZER 
 
 ( 675 ) TYBURN STRETCH 
 
 only represented by petits in the origi- 
 nal. The lines referred to have only 
 four syllables in each. 
 
 They show him the short and twattle verses 
 that were written. Urquhart, Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. xviii. 
 
 TWEEZER, to pluck out (something 
 minute) as with tweezers. See extract 
 s. v. MICROLOGY. 
 
 TWELVE-PENNY MATTERS, insignificant 
 things. 
 
 That men be not excommunicated for 
 trifles, and twelve-penny matters. Heylin's 
 Hist, of the Presbyterians, p. 371- 
 
 TWELVES. In twelves = in duode- 
 cimo. 
 
 There has also been a decent Scotch edition 
 published in twelves. Life of Lackinyton, 
 Letter xxv. 
 
 TWENTY AND TWENTY, many. 
 
 The tallowchandlers such dutiful and loyal 
 subjects that they don't care if there were 
 twenty and twenty birthdays in a year, to 
 help off with their commodity. T. Brown, 
 Works, i. 153. 
 
 I have hinted it to you twenty and twenty 
 times by word of mouth. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, ii. 145. 
 
 I could satisfy myself about twenty and 
 twenty things that now and then I want to 
 know. Ibid., Grandison, ii. 10. 
 
 TWICHER, an instrument used for 
 clinching the hog-rings. 
 Strong yoke for a hog with a twicher and 
 
 rings. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 38. 
 
 TWIGSOME, full of twigs. 
 
 The t-trigsome trees by the road-side, . . I 
 suppose never will grow leafy. Dickens, Un- 
 commercial Traveller, vii. 
 
 TWIRE, to curl or twirl. This sense 
 is not in the Diets. 
 
 No sooner doth a young man see his sweet- 
 heart comming. but he twires his 
 
 beard, &c. Burton, Anatomy, p. 30. 
 
 TWITTER - BONED, having an excres- 
 cence on the hoof, owing to a contrac- 
 tion. 
 
 His horse was either clapp'd, or spavin'd, 
 or greaz'd, or he was faritter-bon'd, or broken- 
 winded. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, i. 39. 
 
 Two. Persons who have quarrelled 
 are sometimes said to be two ; just as 
 those who are reconciled are said to be 
 at one (Acts vii. 26). 
 
 Lord Sp. Pray, Miss, when did you see 
 your old acquaintance, Mrs. Cloudy. You 
 and she are tico, I hear. 
 
 Jliis. See her ! Marry, I don't care whe- 
 
 ther I ever see her again. Sicift, Polite Con- 
 versation (Conv. i.). 
 
 TWOPENNY. See extracts. 
 
 "When the Lowlanders want to drink a 
 chearupping cup, they go to the public-house 
 called the change-house, and call for a chopiu 
 of tiropenny, which is a thin yeasty beverage 
 made of malt, not quite so strong as the 
 table-beer of England. Smollett, Humphrty 
 Clinker, ii. 69. 
 
 There are many things in these kingdoms 
 which are greatly undervalued ; strong beer 
 for example in the cider countries, and cider 
 in the countries of good strong beer ; bott'ed 
 twopenny in South Britain, sprats and her- 
 rings by the rich. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 cxlii. 
 
 TWOSOME, double (?). 
 Wine in bumpers ! and shouts in peals ! 
 Till the Clown didn't know his head from 
 
 his heels ; 
 
 The Mussulman's eyes danced twosome reels, 
 And the Quaker was hoarse with cheering. 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegy. 
 
 TWY- FORMED, two-formed, or two- 
 fold. In a note to the first extract, 
 Davies explains the " twy-formed fab- 
 ric " to be " Heauen and Earth," and 
 in another to the second quotation lie 
 tells us that the reference is to "the 
 9th of Nov., the sun approaching the 
 signe of Sagitarius." 
 It that of nothing (onely with a word) 
 Made this huge twy-form'd fabric which we 
 
 see. Davies, Summa Totalis, p. 22. 
 The eye of heauen did rowle the house about 
 Of that fell twi-form'd Archer. 
 
 Ibid., Scourge of Folly, p. 23. 
 
 TWY-CHILD, in second childhood. 
 Man growne Twy-childe is at doore of death. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 47. 
 
 TWY-FORKED, bifurcated. 
 
 Her flaming head 
 
 Tivy-fork'd with death has struck my con- 
 science dead. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, II. xiii. 10. 
 
 TWYRK, to twirl. See extract s. v. 
 PETTE. 
 
 TYBURN. To preach, at Tyburn 
 Cross = to be hung, alluding to the 
 penitential speeches made on such oc- 
 casions. Gascoigne reckons it among 
 the evils of the age 
 That soldiours sterue, or prech at Tiborne 
 
 crosse. Steele Glas, p. 55. 
 
 TYBURN STRETCH. To fetch a Tyburn 
 stretch = to be hung. See extract s v. 
 RAGE. 
 
 xx 2
 
 TYMPANIT1C ( 676 ) 
 
 UMBRACLE 
 
 TYMPANITIC. swollen like a drum. 
 
 All that he had eaten or drunk or done 
 had flown to his stomach, producing a ti/m- 
 panitic action in that organ. H. Kinysley, 
 Ravenshoe, ch. xii. 
 
 TYPARCHICAL, ruling over the type 
 or press. 
 
 Old Mr. Strahan the printer (the founder 
 of his typarchical dynasty). Southey, The 
 Doctor, ch. cii. 
 
 TYPE. H. gives, without example, 
 " Tipe, a ball or globe," which I sup- 
 pose to be the meaning here. 
 
 Aboue all was a Coupolo or Type, which 
 seem'd to be scal'd with siluer plates. 
 Chapman, Masque of Mid. Temple. 
 
 TYRANNEQUELLER, a tyrannicide. 
 
 Harmodius and Aristogiton had been ty- 
 rannequellers. Udal's Erasmus's Apophtk., 
 p. 129. 
 
 TYRANNIODSLY, tyrannically. 
 
 Manasses then his wife would not controule 
 Tyranniously. . 
 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 224. 
 
 u 
 
 UBIETY, whereness. L. does not give 
 this word by itself, but he follows 
 Johnson in offering it as an explanation 
 of whereness. 
 
 Thou wouldst have led me out of my way, 
 if that had been possible, if my ubiety did 
 not so nearly resemble ubiquity, that in 
 Anywhereness and Everywhereness I know 
 where I am, and can never be lost till I get 
 out of Whereness itself into Nowhere. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. cxcii. 
 
 UBIQUITARY, one who holds consub- 
 stantiation. See extract s. v. SYNUSIAST. 
 
 UDDERLESS, motherless. 
 
 All ye gentle girls who foster up 
 Udderlcss lambs. Keats, Endymion, Bk. I. 
 
 UGLESOME, ugly. 
 
 Such an uglesome countenance, such an 
 horrible visage our Saviour Christ saw of 
 death and hell in the garden. Latimer, 
 \. 220. 
 
 "When I behold the uglesome face of death 
 I am afraid. Ward, Sermons, p. 47. 
 
 UGLIFY, to disfigure ; make ugly. 
 
 It defourmeth and uglyfyeth the skinne. 
 Touchstone of Complexion, p. 117. 
 
 She is certainly, in my eyes, the most 
 completely a beauty of any woman I ever 
 saw. I know not even now any female in 
 her first youth who could bear the compari- 
 son. She uglifies everything near her. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, v. 313. 
 
 UGLY, to uglify ; to make ugly. 
 
 It is impossible I should love him, for his 
 vices all ugly him over, as I may say. 
 Eichardson, Pamela, i. 265. 
 
 UGLY, a shade fastened on to the 
 bonnet, and projecting over the face. 
 
 The four months Babylon of guides, cars, 
 chambermaids, tourists, artists, and reading- 
 
 parties, camp-stools, telescopes, poetry-books, 
 blue uylies, red petticoats and parasols of 
 every hue. Kingsley, Ttco Years Ago, ch. 
 xix. 
 
 UGLYOGRAPHISE, to write in an un- 
 couth manner. 
 
 How it would have been, as Mr. Southey 
 would say, uglyoyraphised by Elphiustone 
 and the other whimsical persons who have 
 laboured so disinterestedly in the vain 
 attempt of regulating our spelling by our 
 pronunciation, ;I know not. Southey, T/w 
 Doctor, ch. ccxxiii. 
 
 ULCER, to ulcerate. 
 
 He scoffs and makes sport at sacred 
 things. This by degress abates the rever- 
 ence of religion, and ulcers mens hearts with 
 prof aneness. Fuller, Holy and Profane State, 
 V. vi. 3. 
 
 ULULATION, wailing ; a howling cry. 
 
 If a temporal loss fall on us, we entertain 
 it with ululations and tears. Adams, i. 415. 
 
 Again the horns were filFd by all, 
 And ululations shook the hall. 
 
 Colman, Poetical Vagaries, p. 119. 
 
 The ululation of vengeance . . . ascended. 
 De Quincey, Murder as a Fine Art, Post- 
 script. 
 
 UMBILICAL, central. In all the ex- 
 amples in the Diets, the word is used 
 literally, = pertaining to the navel. 
 
 The Chapter-house is large, supported as 
 to its arched roof by one umbilical pillar. 
 Defoe, Tour thro' G. Hritain, ii. 335. 
 
 UMBRACLE, shade. Cf . Virgil, Eclogue, 
 ix. 42. Davies applies it to the Cross, 
 under the shadow of which we take 
 refuge.
 
 UNABASED 
 
 ( 677 ) 
 
 UNBAIZED 
 
 That Tree (that Soull-refreshing umlracle 
 Together with our sinne) His Shoulders 
 teares. Davies, Holy Roode, p. 15. 
 
 UNABASED, not lowered. 
 
 They easily preserved . . . the reverence of 
 Religion unalased. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 274 
 
 UNACCOUNTABILITIES, things that can- 
 not be accounted for. 
 
 There are so many peculiarities and un- 
 accountabilities here. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, 
 iii. 252. 
 
 UNACKNOWLEDGING, unthankful. 
 
 Your condition shall be never the worse 
 for Miss Glanville's unacknoicledginy temper 
 .... You are almost as unacknowledyiny as 
 your sister. Mrs. Lennox, Female Quixote, 
 Bk. III. ch. viii. 
 
 UNADDITIONED, without a title. Ful- 
 ler often uses additioned = graced 
 with a title. The name of the Knight 
 referred to is given without miles after 
 it in the list of Herefordshire Sheriffs. 
 
 He was a Knight, howsoever it cometh 
 to passe he is here unadditioned. Fuller, 
 Worthies (i. 465). 
 
 UNADMITTED, not admitted. 
 The unadmitted flames play powerlessly. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. IX. 
 
 UNADOPTABLE, incapable of being 
 adopted. 
 
 The good [prayers] were found adoptable 
 by men ; were gradually got together, well- 
 edited, accredited : the bad found inappro- 
 priate, unadaptable, were generally forgotten, 
 disused, and burnt. Carlyle. Past and Pre- 
 sent, Bk. II. ch. xvii. 
 
 UNALARMING, not frightening. 
 
 Breaking the matter to our father by 
 unal arming degrees. H. Brooke, Fool of 
 Quality, i. 331. 
 
 Nor bless I not the keener sense 
 And unalarminy turbulence 
 Of transient joys that ask no sting 
 From jealous fears. 
 
 Coleridge, Sappy Husband. 
 
 UNANCHOR, to loose from anchor. 
 The Diets, only have the past parti- 
 ciple. 
 
 Kate will have free elbow-room for un- 
 anchoriny her boat. De Quincey, Spanish 
 Nun, sect. 5. 
 
 UNANIMATELY, unanimously. 
 
 To the water foule* unanimately they 
 recourse. JVashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 170). 
 
 UNANSWERABILITY, incapability of 
 being answered. 
 
 The beauty of these exposes must lie in 
 the precision and unansweralnlity with which 
 they are given. E. A. Poe, Maryinalia, cii. 
 
 UNAPPLAUSIVE, unapplauding. 
 
 Instead of getting a soft fence against the 
 cold, shadowy, unapplausive audience of his 
 life, had he only given it a more substantial 
 presence? G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. xx. 
 
 UNAPPREHENSIVENESS, want of ap- 
 prehension. 
 
 Unthinking creatures have some comfort 
 in the shortness of their views ; in their 
 unapprehensiveness. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 iii. 5. 
 
 UNARK, to disembark from an ark. 
 Sith thou on wealth and wisdome's flouds 
 
 maiste floate, 
 
 (Flowing from him) till thou be left vpon 
 Th' Armenian mount of safety, joy, and 
 
 rest ; 
 "Where when thou art, thou maist thyself 
 
 vnarke 
 Or make thy seate vpon that mountaine's 
 
 crest. Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 39. 
 
 UNASCENDABLE, not to be ascended ; 
 very steep. 
 
 He ... confined the Eoyal progeny with- 
 in high and vnascendalle mountains. Sandys, 
 Travels, p. 171. 
 
 Impending crags, rocks unascendible. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. VII. 
 
 UNATTAINTED, clear ; impartial. 
 Go thither, and with unattainted eye 
 Compare her face with some that I shall 
 
 show, 
 And I will make thee think thy swan a 
 
 crow. Borneo and, Juliet, i. 2. 
 
 UNATTIRE, to undress. 
 We both left Mrs. Schwellenberg to un- 
 attire. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, v. 209. 
 
 UNAUDIENCED, not admitted to an 
 audience. 
 
 Cruel to send back to town unaudienced, 
 unseen, a man of his business and import- 
 ance ! Richardson, Cl. Harloice, v. 183. 
 
 UNAUTHORISE, to renounce ; treat as 
 spurious. 
 
 He hath vnauthoryshed his owne naturall 
 King Edwarde the syxte, notynge hym an 
 vsurper. Bale, Declaration of Banner's 
 Articles (Art. XIX.). 
 
 UNAUTORITIED, unauthorised. 
 
 Nor to do thus are we unautoritied either 
 from the moral precept of Solomon to answer 
 him thereafter that prides him in his folly, 
 nor from the example of Christ. Milton, 
 Animadv. on Remonst. (Preface). 
 
 UNBAIZED, not covered with baize.
 
 UNBANK 
 
 ( 678 ) 
 
 UNBLADE 
 
 It slid down the polished slope of the 
 varnished and unbaized desk. Miss Bronte, 
 Villette, ch. xxviii. 
 
 UNBANK, to open, as by levelling or 
 removing banks. 
 
 Unbank the hours 
 
 To that soft overflow which bids the heart 
 Yield increase of delight. 
 
 Taylor, Edtrin the Fair, i. 5. 
 
 UNBARBARIZED, civilised. 
 
 Of these original Irish, most of the per- 
 sons of quality understand English, and lead 
 a life totally unbarbariz'd. Misson, Travels 
 in Enc/., transl. by Ozell, p. 150. 
 
 UNBARBERED, unshaven : unbarbed 
 occurs in Coriolanus, iii. 2. 
 
 We'd a hundred Jews to larboard, 
 Unwashed, uncombed, nnbarbered. 
 
 Thackeray, White Squall. 
 
 UNBARRICADE, unbar. R. has un- 
 barricadoed with extract from Burke. 
 Fill up the fosse, unbarncade the doors. 
 Sterne, Sent. Journey, The Passport. 
 
 UNBEAR, to take off or relax the 
 bearing-rein. - 
 
 Unbear him half a moment to freshen him 
 up. Dickens, Bleak House, ch. Ivi. 
 
 UNBEAVERED, uncovered ; with the 
 hat off. 
 Brethren unbeaver^d then shall bow their 
 
 head. Gay, The Espousal. 
 
 UNBEDDED, applied to a bride whose 
 marriage had not been consummated. 
 R. and L. have imbed = to raise from 
 a bed. 
 
 We deem'd it best that this unbedded bride 
 Should visit Chester, there to live recluse. 
 
 Taylor, Edicin the Fair, iii. 8. 
 
 UNBEDINNED, not made noisy. 
 A princely music unbedinned with drums. 
 
 Leiyh Hunt, Rimini, c. i. 
 
 UNBEGILT, ungilded ; unrewarded 
 with gold. 
 
 Sire, the sense 
 
 Of loyal service done is, unbeyilt, 
 Worth what you say, the ransom of a king. 
 Taylor, Viryin Widow, v. 5. 
 
 UNBEGINNING, having no beginning, 
 like a circle. Sylvester calls the world 
 An vnbegitining, midless, endles Ball. 
 
 First day,jirst week, 343. 
 
 UNBEGIRT, not encircled. 
 
 A finger vnbeyirt with gold. 
 
 Deeble to Davies (Microcosmos, 
 p. 104). 
 
 UNBELIEVABILITY, incredibility. 
 
 Boiling mud-oceans of Hypocrisy and Un- 
 believability. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. I. 
 ch. xv. 
 
 UNBELT, to unfasten a belt. 
 The officers would have unbelted their 
 swords. De Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 UNBENEVOLENCE, ill-will : the adjec- 
 tive is in L. 
 
 I'm sorry to see such marks of unbenevo- 
 lence. Jeremy Collier, Further Defence of 
 Reasons for restoring first Pr bk. of Edw. 
 VI., p. 79(1720). 
 
 UNBENUMB, to restore circulation. 
 
 The fire 
 
 Dries his dauk cloaths, his colour doth refresh 
 And vnbenums his sinews and his flesh. 
 
 Sylvester, Handie-Crafts, 237. 
 
 UNBEREAVEN, not bereft. .R. has 
 unbereft. 
 Arms, empty of her child, she lifts 
 
 With spirit unbereaven 
 " God will not all take back His gifts 
 My Lily's mine in Heaven." 
 
 Mrs. Brotoniny, Child's Grave 
 at Florence. 
 
 UNBESPEAK, to put off. 
 
 Pretending that the corps stinks, they 
 will bury it to night privately, and so will 
 unbespeak all their guests. Pepys, Oct. 30, 
 1661. 
 
 To Whitehall to look, among other things, 
 for Mr. May, to unbespeak his dining with me 
 to morrow. Ibid., April 13, 1669. 
 
 I can immediately run back and unbespeak 
 what I have order'd. Gai-rick, Lying Valet, 
 Act I. (1741). 
 
 I unbespeak not my monitor. Richardson, 
 Grandison, i. 17. 
 
 UNBETHINK, to change one's mind : 
 in the extract it is used of those who 
 did something contrary to their usual 
 practice. 
 
 The Lacedaemonian foot (a nation of all 
 other the most obstinate in maintaining their 
 ground) . . . unbetnovyht themselves to dis- 
 perse and retire. Cotton, Montaiyne's Essays, 
 ch. xi. 
 
 UNBIRDLY, unlike or unworthy of a 
 bird : a word coined on the model of 
 unmanly. 
 Even to the universal tyrant Love 
 
 You homage pay but once a year : 
 None so degenerous and unbirdly prove, 
 
 As his perpetual yoke to bear. 
 None but a few unhappy household fowl. 
 
 Cotrley, Of Liberty. 
 
 UNBLADE, to take out of the number 
 of blades (q. v.) or roaring boys.
 
 UNBLESTFULL ( 679 ) 
 
 UNCERTIFIED 
 
 And I shall take it as a favour too, 
 
 If, for the same price you made him valiant, 
 
 You will unblade him. 
 
 Shirley, The Gamester, Act V. 
 
 UNBLESTFULL, unhappy. See extract 
 s. v. PESTFULL. 
 
 UNBLIND, to open the eyes : also an 
 adjective = clear. 
 
 It is not too late to unblind some of the 
 people. Racket, Life of Williams, ii. 196. 
 Keep his vision clear from speck, his inward 
 
 sight unblind. 
 
 Keats, Birthplace of Burns. 
 
 UNBLISSFDL, unhappy. 
 And from within me a clear under-tone 
 Thrilled thro' mine ears in that unblissful 
 
 clime. 
 
 Tennyson, Dream of Fair Women, xxi. 
 
 UNBODING, not anticipating. 
 I grew in worth, aud wit, and sense, 
 Unboding critic-pen. 
 
 Tennyson, Will Waterproof, vi. 
 
 UNBODKINED, unfastened. 
 
 Calm she stood ; unbodkined through, 
 
 Fell her dark hair to her shoe. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Duchess May. 
 
 UNBOOKLEARNED, illiterate. Fuller 
 uses the word again, Worthies, North- 
 ampton. 
 
 Un-book-learn'd people have conn'd by 
 heart many psalms of the old translation. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., VII. i. 32. 
 
 UNBUCKRAMTED, not starched or stiff. 
 Thence I appeal, for judgement on my Pen, 
 To moral, but unbuckram'd Gentlemen. 
 
 Colman, Vagaries Vindicated, p. 211. 
 
 UNBUDDED, not yet opened into bud. 
 See extract s. v. LABYRINTH. 
 
 UNBUNDLE, to open ; to declare. 
 
 Unbundle your griefs, madam, and let us 
 into the particulars. Jarvis's Don Quixote, 
 Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. vi. 
 
 UNBURIABLE, that cannot be buried. 
 A yet warm corpse, and yet unburiable. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 UNBURNISHED, not brightened or 
 cleaned. 
 
 Their bucklers lay 
 UnburnisKd and defiled. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. VII. 
 
 UNBURROW, to unearth. 
 
 He can bring down sparrows and unburrow 
 rabbits. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, x. 
 
 UNBURY, to exhume. 
 The hours they are not at their beads, 
 which are not a few, they employ in speaking 
 
 ill of us, unburying our bones, and burying 
 our reputations. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. 
 II. Bk. III. ch. v. 
 
 UNBUSY, idle ; leisurely. Unbusied 
 is in the Diets. 
 
 My mother . . . continued looking into a 
 drawer among laces aud linen, in a way 
 neither busy nor unbusy. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, i. 132. 
 
 Hickman is a sort of fiddling, busy, yet, 
 to borrow a word from you, unbusy man. 
 Ibid., ii. 5. 
 
 UNCANNY, not right ; mysterious ; 
 eerie. 
 
 What does that inexplicable, that uncanny 
 turn of countenance mean? C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xxiv. 
 
 He . . . rather expected something " un- 
 canny " to lay hold of him from behind. C. 
 Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xxi. 
 
 UNCARDINAL, to divest of the car- 
 dinalate. 
 
 Borgia . . . quickly got a dispensation to 
 uncardinal himself. Fuller, Holy and Pro- 
 fane State, V. vii. 2. 
 
 UNCARNATE, to divest of flesh or 
 fleshliness. " The imcarnaling of a 
 Christian " is one of the phrases of the 
 sectaries ridiculed by Gauden (Tears 
 of the Church, p. 198). Sir T. Browne, 
 quoted by R., speaks of the " uncarnate 
 Father " as distinguished from the in- 
 carnate Son. 
 
 UNCART, to unload a cart. 
 
 He carted and uncarted the manure with a 
 sort of flunkey grace. G. Eliot, Amos Bar- 
 ton, ch. ii. 
 
 UNCASTLE, to deprive of a castle. 
 
 He uncastled Roger of Sarisbury, Alex- 
 ander of Lincoln, and Nigellus of Ely. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. ii. 39. 
 
 UNCATECHIZEDNESS, want of instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 What means the Uncatechizedness, the 
 Sottislmess, Profaneness, Impudence and 
 Irreligion which are so much spreading and 
 prevailing? Gauden. Tears of the Church, p. 
 619. 
 
 UNCENTRE, to throw off the centre ; 
 to upset. 
 
 Let the heart be uncentred from Christ, it 
 is dead. Adams, ii. 258. 
 
 UNCERTIFIED, not certified ; having 
 no certificate. 
 
 The mercy of the legislature in favour 
 of insolvent debtors is never extended to 
 uncertified bankrupts taken in execution. 
 Smollett, L. Greaves, ch. xx.
 
 UNCHALLENGEABLE ( 680 ) UNCOMPANIONABLE 
 
 UNCHALLENGEABLE, secure; not to be 
 challenged. 
 
 His title and his paternal fortune . . . 
 might be rendered unchallengeable. Scott, 
 *SY. Ronan's Well, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 UNCHAPLAIN, to dismiss from a chap- 
 laincy. 
 
 Dr. Hackwel, for opposing the Spanish 
 Match, was unchaplairi 'd and banish'd the 
 Court. Fuller, Worthies, Dorset (i. 312). 
 
 UNCHECKABLE, incapable of being 
 checked or examined. 
 
 His lordship used him in his most private 
 and uncheckable trusts. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilfoi-d, ii. 285. 
 
 UNCHILDISH, not fit for children. 
 Webbe speaks of some of the classics 
 as " unchildish stuff e," i. e. not fit for 
 children (Eng. Poetrie, p. 45). 
 
 UNCHIVALROUS, wanting in chivalry, 
 or honour. 
 
 Such a bad pupil, monsieur ! so thankless, 
 cold - hearted, unchivalrous, unforgiving. 
 Miss Bronte, VilleUe, ch. xxxv. 
 
 Morally, it [gambling] is unchivalrous and 
 unchristian. C. Kinysley (Life, ii. 275). 
 
 UNCHOLERIC, even-tempered. 
 His Excellenz was not uncholeric. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. II. ch. iv. 
 
 UNCHRISTINESS, unchristianess. which 
 word is given by L., with extract from 
 Eikon Basilike. Strype (Life of 
 Cranmer, Bk. II. ch. viii.) says that in 
 1548, or thereabouts, Edward VI. put 
 forth a proclamation, complaining that 
 Churches were made " a den or sink of 
 all unchristiness" 
 
 UNCIPHER, to decipher. 
 
 "We had further intelligence this day con- 
 cerning a letter in ciphers from Mr. Ash- 
 burnham to the King at Holmby ; which 
 letter was intercepted by Captain Abbots, a 
 Captain of Dragoons in. the army, and is now 
 unciphered. Rushworth, Hist. Coll., Pt. IV. 
 vol. I. p. 491 (1647). 
 
 UN-CITY, to deprive of the status of 
 a city. 
 
 Some questioned its charter, and would 
 have had it un-Citied, because un-Bishoped 
 n our Civil Wars. Fuller, Worthies, Glou- 
 cestershire (i. 398). 
 
 UNCLE. My uncle = the pawn- 
 broker (the corresponding phrase in 
 French is ma tante). AH the extracts 
 are plays upon this sense. 
 
 We find him making constant reference 
 to an uncle, in respect of whom he would 
 
 seem to have entertained great expecta- 
 tions, as he was in the habit of seeking to 
 propitiate his favour by presents of plate, 
 jewels, books, watches, and other valuable 
 articles. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. i. 
 Brothers, wardens of City Halls, 
 And uncles, rich as three golden balls 
 From taking pledges of nations. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmanseyy. 
 " Dine in your frock, my good friend, 
 and welcome, if your dress - coat is in the 
 country." "It is at present at an uncle's," 
 Mr. Bayham said with great gravity. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xii. 
 
 UNCLOSE, unreserved; babbling. 
 Knowen designs are dangerous to act, 
 And th' vnclose chief did never noble fact. 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, 1075. 
 
 UNCLUBABLE, ungenial; unfitted to 
 be a good member of a club. The 
 " master of languages " was, of course, 
 Dr. Johnson. 
 
 "Sir John was a most uncluldble man!" 
 How delighted was I to hear this master of 
 languages so unaffectedly and socially and 
 good-naturedly make words, for the pro- 
 motion of sport and good-humour. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, i. 41. 
 
 UNCOLTED, deprived of a colt or 
 horse. Colt = to befool : hence the. 
 pun in the extract addressed to Falstaff, 
 who cannot find his horse. 
 
 Falst. What a plague mean ye to colt me 
 thus ? 
 
 Prince. Thou liest ; thou art not colted, 
 thou art uncolted. 1 Henry If., ii. 2. 
 
 UNCOMMIXED, unmingled ; separate 
 from. 
 
 The Thracian quarter lies 
 Utmost of all, and uncomtnixed with Trojan 
 
 regiments. Chapman, Iliad, x. 309. 
 
 UNCOMMUNICATIVE, not liberal: its 
 usual meaning is reserved in speech, 
 though communicate is used in the 
 New Testament for " give " (Heb. xiii. 
 16, &c.), Clarissa Harlowe, speaking 
 of her parents, uses the term as pro- 
 bably the softest she could find. 
 
 Excepting in one point, I know not any 
 family which lives more up to their duty 
 than the principals of ours. A little too un- 
 communicative for their great circumstances 
 that is all. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, ii. 90. 
 
 UNCOMMUNICATIVENESS, reserve. 
 
 I might justify my secresy and uncommuni- 
 cativeness. RicJiardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 291. 
 
 UNCOMPANIONABLE, unsociable, or un- 
 fitted to make a companion of.
 
 Here is a Mrs. K. too, sister to the Duchess 
 of M., who is very uncompanionable indeed, 
 and talks of Twwibridge. Mad. D'Avblay, 
 Diary, i. 415. 
 
 UNCOMPANIONED, unique; having no 
 fellow. 
 
 She is the mirror of her beauteous sex, 
 Unparallell'd and uncompanion'd. 
 
 Machin, Dumb Knight, Act I. 
 
 UNCOMPASSED, unbounded. 
 Can clouds encompasse Thy vncompast Great- 
 nes? Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 13. 
 
 UNCOMPLIANT, opposed ; inflexible. 
 
 Be justly opposite and uncompliant to 
 those erroures. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 305. 
 
 UNCOMPOSEABLE, not to be allayed. 
 
 A difference raised between the House of 
 Lords and the House of Commons about 
 judicature, ... at length flamed so high as 
 to be uncomposeable. North, Examen, p. 63. 
 
 UNCONCERNED, sober. Cf. CON- 
 
 CEENED. 
 
 Mowbray and Tourville grew very noisy 
 by one, and were carried off by two. Wine 
 never moves Mr. Lovelace, notwithstanding 
 a vivacity which generally helps on over-gay 
 spirits. As to myself, the little part I had 
 taken in their gaiety kept me unconcerned. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, viii. 309. 
 
 UNCONCUERENT, disagreeing. 
 
 A league consisting of seuerall nations, 
 emulous and vnconcurrent in their courses. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eny., p. 49. 
 
 UNCONFIDENCE, hesitation ; doubt. 
 
 He never raised his style higher when he 
 wrote than with Ifs and suppositive uncon- 
 fidence. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 124. 
 
 UNCONFORMIST, nonconformist. 
 Fuller (Ch. Hist., X. ii. 1) speaks of 
 Abp. Whitgift fearing " an assault of 
 Unconformists on Church discipline." 
 
 UNOONGEAL, to relax ; to become un- 
 frozen. The Diets, only give the past 
 participle. 
 
 "When meres begin to unconyeal. 
 
 Tennyson, Two Voices. 
 
 UNCONGEALABLE, incapable of being 
 frozen. 
 
 A road whose white intensity 
 Would now make platiua unconyealable 
 Like quicksilver. Southey, Nondescripts, III. 
 
 UNCONSDMEABLE, inexhaustible. 
 There are an unconsumeable number. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 127. 
 
 UNOBTAINABLE, irrepressible. 
 
 UNCULAR 
 
 _ His uncontainable poison would soon burst 
 him. Adams, i. 73. 
 
 UNCONVENABLE, unfitting. 
 
 He vsed commonly to saie that there was 
 nothing more vnconuenable for a perfecte 
 good capitaine then ouer moche hastyug and 
 vnauisednesse. Udal's Erasmus's Ajjophth., 
 p. 286. 
 
 UNCOQUETTISH, not coquettish or 
 anxious to attract notice. 
 
 So pure and uncoquettish were her feelings. 
 Miss Austen, Northanyer Abbey, ch. vii. 
 
 UNCORDIAL, cold ; wanting in hearti- 
 ness. 
 
 A little proud-looking woman of uncordial 
 address. Miss Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 
 ch. xxxiv. 
 
 UNCORRESPONDENCY. Gauden says 
 that he is unable to join in those 
 associations among ministers, popular 
 with the Presbyterians and others, 
 though having regard to the characters 
 of many individuals among them, he 
 regrets " this uncorrespondency " to 
 which he feels compelled (Tears of the 
 Church, p. 459). 
 
 UNCORRESPONDENT, not answering to. 
 
 Vicious extremes . . are contrary to each 
 other, and yet uncorrespondent with that 
 vertue from which they are divided. Gau- 
 den, Tears of the Church, p. 363. 
 
 UNCODRTIERLIKE, unlike a courtier. 
 I acted but an uncourtierlike part. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, iii. 103. 
 
 UNCOVETED, not longed after. 
 Uncoveted wealth came pouring in upon 
 me. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 353. 
 
 UNCRASED, sound ; form. 
 
 Shortly after dies Geffery Fitz Peter, 
 justiciar of England . . . who in that broken 
 time only held unerased, performing the part 
 of an euen consellour and officer betweene 
 the King and Kiugdome. Daniel, Hist, of 
 Eny., p. 119. 
 
 UNCREDIT, to discredit. 
 
 It was Kilvert his designe to uncredit the 
 testimony of Pregion by charging him with 
 several accusations. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. 
 ii. 82. 
 
 UNCRITICAL, lacking in judgment. 
 
 We are not so rude understanders or un- 
 criticall speakers. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 24. 
 
 UNOULAR, avuncular ; g. v. 
 
 The grave Don owned the soft impeach- 
 ment, relented at once, and clasped the 
 young gentleman in the Wellington trousers
 
 UNCUSTOMARY ( 682 ) 
 
 UNDERMINE 
 
 to his uncular and rather angular breast. 
 De Quincey, Spanish Nun, sect. vi. 
 
 UNCUSTOMARY, unusual. 
 
 The universal insurrectionary abrogation 
 of law and custom was managed in a most 
 unlawful uncustomary manner. Carlyle, 
 Misc., iv. 123. 
 
 UNCUTED, not mixed with cuit, q. v.; 
 i. e. with sweet wine. 
 
 Th&t which principally enricheth this 
 countrey is their muscadines and malmesies 
 . . . wines that seldome come vnto vs vncuted, 
 but excellent where not. Sandys, Travels, 
 p. 224. 
 
 UNDAMNIFIED, uninjured. 
 
 The riders . . . might save themselves un- 
 damn(fled. Caius on Days, transl. by Fleming 
 1576 (Eng. Gam. III. 238). 
 
 UNDAUGHTERLY, unbecoming to 
 daughters. 
 
 I would not on any account have it 
 thought that, in my last disposition, any- 
 thing undaiighterly, unsisterly, or unlike a 
 kinswoman, should have had place. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vii. 412. 
 
 UNDEAN, to deprive of a deanery or 
 of decanal standing. 
 
 Mr. Thorne gave him a look which undeaned 
 him completely for the moment. Trollope, 
 Jiarchester Towers, ch. xlvi. 
 
 UNDEKECATRD, unpurged ; thick. 
 Mine was pure, simple, undefecated rage. 
 Goditin. Mandeville, ii. 115. 
 
 UNDELECTABLE, unpleasant. 
 
 The genial warmth which the chestnut 
 imparted was not undelectable. Sterne, Tr. 
 Shandy, iii. 209. 
 
 UNDELIVERABLE, incapable of being 
 delivered. 
 
 Fix thyself in Dandyhood, undeliverable : 
 it is thy doom. Carlyle, Past and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch. xvii. 
 
 UNDELVED, undug. 
 
 Welcome, ye wild plains 
 Unbroken by the plough, undelved by hand 
 Of patient rustic. 
 
 Southey, Botany Bay Eclogues, I. 
 
 UNDENIABLE, excellent. 
 
 The daylight, furnished gratis, was cer- 
 tainly " undeniable " in its quality. De 
 Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 He meant to marry a well-educated young 
 lady (as yet unspecified) whose person was 
 good, and whose connections, in a solid 
 middle-class way, were undeniable. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xli. 
 
 UNDICU-AID, to help secretly. 
 
 Robert . . ". is said to haue under-aided 
 Eoul secretly. Daniel, Hist, of Eng., p. 23. 
 
 UNDERBOARD, underhand: above 
 board frank or honest, is common. 
 
 Secret pensions, which flow from foreign 
 
 princes . . . are most mischievous. The 
 
 receivers of such will play under-board at the 
 
 Counsell-table. Fuller, Holy State, IV. v. 16. 
 
 I scorn to act under-board. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, ii. 305. 
 
 UNDERCOT, to coast under ; to creep 
 insidiously. 
 
 To Medciners the medcine vailed not, 
 So sore the poisond plague did vndercot. 
 
 Hudson's Judith, ii. 182. 
 
 UNDERCREST, to support. The addi- 
 tion referred to is the surname Coriol- 
 anus, just bestowed on Caius Marcius. 
 I mean to stride your steed, and at all times 
 To undercrest your good addition 
 To the fairness of my power. 
 
 Coriolanus, i. 9. 
 
 UNDER-DEGREED, of inferior rank. 
 
 The reputation of persons of birth must 
 not lie at the mercy of every under-degreed 
 sinner. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 48. 
 
 UNDERDOER, one who does less than 
 is necessary: see extract s. v. OVER- 
 DOER. 
 
 UNDER-EARTHLY, subterranean. Syl- 
 vester (The Arfce, 281) speaks of " un- 
 der-earthly caves." 
 
 UNDERFEED, to feed insufficiently. 
 
 The Fanaticks strive to underfeed and 
 starve it. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 363. 
 
 UNDERGORE, to pierce underneath. 
 
 The dart did underaore 
 His eyelid by his eye's dear roots. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xiv. 408. 
 
 UNDER-HUNG. A person whose lower 
 jaw projects is said to be under-hung. 
 
 He . . . must lament his being very much 
 under-huntj, a defect which time seemed to 
 have increased. Miss Austen, Persuasion, 
 ch. xv. 
 
 He . . . had got the trick which many 
 underhuny men have of compressing his 
 upper lip. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 UNDER-MATCH, one unequal to some 
 one else. 
 
 He was no contemptible Historian ; but I 
 confesse an undermatch to Doctor Hackwell. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Denbigh (ii. 589). 
 
 UNDERMINE, cave. 
 
 There are many undermines or caves. 
 Holland's Cainden, p. 650.
 
 UNDERNICENESS ( 683 ) UNDISSEVERED 
 
 UNDERNICENESS, defect in delicacy. 
 Overniceness may be underniceness. Eic h- 
 arJsoH, Cl. Harlowe, v. 8. 
 
 UNDERPEER, to peep under. 
 To make the people wonder are set forth 
 great and vglie gyauts, marching as if they 
 were aliue, and armed at all points, but 
 within they are stuffed full of browne paper 
 and tow, which the shrewd boys vnderpeering 
 do guilefully discouer and turne to a great 
 derision. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. III. 
 ch. vi. 
 
 UNDERPOLL, to do work without 
 appearing in it. 
 
 His lordship, while he was a student, and 
 during his incapacity to practise aboveboard, 
 was contented to underpull, as they call it, 
 and managed diverse suits for his country 
 friends and relations. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, i. 35. 
 
 UNDER-RATE, inferior. 
 
 If He has no punishments in reserve for 
 such profligate offenders, under-rate trans- 
 gressors may expect a recompence. Gentle- 
 man Instructed, p. 322. 
 
 These under-rate mortals are as incapable 
 to be moved by kindness as to practise it. 
 Ibid., p. 508. 
 
 UNDERSET, sublet. 
 
 These middle-men will underset the land, 
 and live in idleness, whilst they rack a parcel 
 of wretched under-tenants. Miss Edge- 
 worth, Ennui, ch. viii. 
 
 UNDERSHOOT, to shoot short of a 
 mark. 
 
 At Fishtoft in this County no Mice or 
 Eats are found. ... I believe they over-shoot 
 the mark who make it a Miracle ; they under- 
 shoot it who make it Magick. Fuller, Wor- 
 thies, Lincoln (ii. 5). 
 
 UNDERSPEND, to fall short in expend- 
 iture ; to spend less than another. 
 
 When his friend in travell called for two 
 Faggots, Mr. Sutton called for one ; when 
 his friend for half a pint of wine, Mr. Sutton 
 for a gill, under 'spending him a moity. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Lincoln (ii. 23). 
 
 UNDER - STAIR, subordinate : back- 
 stairs is now used something in the 
 same way. 
 
 Living in some under-stair office, when he 
 would visit the country, he borrows some 
 gallant's cast suit of his servant, and therein, 
 player-like, acts that part among his besotted 
 neighbours. Adams, i. 500. 
 
 UNDERSTRAPriNG, subservient. 
 
 I ... have as great a share (whilst it lasts) 
 of that understrapping virtue of discretion 
 as the best of you. Sterne, Tr. Shandy, iv. 
 
 202r 
 
 UNDERSTUMBLE, a jocular word for 
 understand, still in use. 
 Mtss. I understumble you, gentlemen. 
 Nev. Madam, your humblecumdumble. 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 UNDERWING, lower wing. 
 
 The admiring girl survey'd 
 His out-spread sails of green ; 
 His gauzy underwings. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. III. 
 
 UNDERWITTED, silly ; half-witted. 
 
 Cupid ... is an under-witted whipster. 
 Kennel's Erasmus, Praise of Folly, p. 19. 
 
 Timotheus, the Athenian commander, in 
 all his expeditions was a mirror of good luck, 
 because he was a little underwitted. Ibid., 
 p. 134. 
 
 UNDESCENDABLE, unfathomable. Ten- 
 nyson (Harold, I. i.) speaks of " the 
 undescendable abysm." 
 
 UNDESEVERED, unseparated ; undis- 
 eevered, q. v. 
 
 All theyr workes be vndiuyded and unde- 
 seuered. Bp. Fisher, i. 332. 
 
 UNDESKANTED, untalked of. 
 Leaue Princes affaires undeskanted on. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 23. 
 
 UNDEVILED, delivered from a devil. 
 
 The boy having gotten a habit of counter- 
 feiting . . . would not be undeviled by all their 
 exorcisms. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. iv. 54. 
 
 UNDIFFERENCING, not marking any 
 difference. 
 
 Some Sciolists will boast to distinguish 
 bones of Beasts from Men by their porosity, 
 which the Learned deride as an undifferenciny 
 difference. Fuller, Worthies, Essex (i. 339). 
 
 UNDIKED, not furnished or fortified 
 with a ditch. 
 
 The Greeks found time to get 
 Beyond the dike and th' undiked pales. 
 Chapman, Iliad, xv. 311. 
 
 UNDISCOURSED, silent. 
 
 We would submit to all with indefinite 
 and nndiscoursed obedience. Hacket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 130. 
 
 It is fit to serve kings in things lawful 
 with undiscoursed obedience. Ibid., ii. 217. 
 
 UNDISCREETNESS, indiscretion. 
 He grauely restreigned and staied the 
 heddie vndiscretenesse of the Oratours. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 328. 
 
 UxDisruNGED, unexpunged. 
 
 The defence should remain undispunged. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 120. 
 
 UNDISSEVERED, united. Cf. UNDE- 
 SEVERED.
 
 UXDIVESTEDLY ( 684 ) UNEXPECTANT 
 
 If they do assail undissevered, no force can 
 well withstand them. Patten, Exped. to 
 Scotland, 1548 (Eny. Garner, iii. 110). 
 
 UNDIVESTEDLY, without ; free from. 
 
 You will (as undivestedly as possible of 
 favour or resentment) tell me what you 
 would have me do. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 ii. 64. 
 
 UNDIVIDEABLE, that which cannot be 
 divided. 
 
 Eeducing the undividealles into money, he 
 shared it among his company. Jarvis's Don 
 Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 UNDOMESTIC, not caring for home 
 life or duties. 
 
 Their wives and daughters were never 
 more faulty, more undomestic than at present. 
 Richardson, Grandison, vi. 397. 
 
 The undomestic Amazonian dame. 
 
 Cumberland, Epilogue to Foote's 
 Maid of Bath. 
 
 UNDOMESTICATE, to estrange from 
 home life and habits. 
 
 I believe there are more bachelors now in 
 England by many thousands than there were 
 a few years ago. . . . The luxury of the age 
 will account a good deal for this ; and the 
 turn our sex take in undomesticatina them- 
 selves, for a good deal more. Richardson, 
 Grandison, ii. 11. 
 
 UNDRAINABLE, inexhaustible. 
 Mines undrainahle of ore. 
 
 Tennyson, CEnone. 
 
 UNDUKE, to deprive of a dukedom. 
 
 He hath letters from France that the king 
 hath unduked twelve dukes. Pepys, Dec. 12, 
 1663. 
 
 UNDULANT, waving ; undulating. 
 
 And on her deck sea-spirits I descried 
 Gliding and lapsing in an undulant dance. 
 
 Taylor, St. Clement's Eve, ii. 2. 
 
 UNDULOUS, undulating. 
 
 He felt the undulous readiness of her 
 volatile paces under him. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. Lsv. 
 
 UNEBRIATE, unintoxicating ; also, un- 
 intoxicated. 
 
 There were . . . unelriate liquors, pressed 
 from cooling fruits. Lytton, My Novel, Bk. 
 IV. ch. xvii. 
 
 Forth, unebriate, unpolluted, he came from 
 the orgy. Ibid., Bk. VI. ch. xxii. 
 
 UNEGESTED, undischarged (at the 
 natural vents). 
 
 The former crudities undigested, uneyested, 
 having the greater force, turn the good 
 nutriment into themselves. A dams, ii. 476. 
 
 UNEMOTIONAL, free from emotion. 
 
 Lapidoth had travelled a long way from 
 that young self, and thought of all that this 
 inscription signified with an unemotional 
 memory. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. Ixii. 
 
 UNEMOTIONED, impassive. In God- 
 wiris Mandeville, iii. 98, a man is 
 described as detailing anecdotes in a 
 " dry, sarcastic, unemotioned way." 
 
 UN ENABLED, not empowered. 
 
 No eye of mortal man 
 If unenalled by enchanted spell, 
 Had pierced those fearful depths. 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. V. 
 
 UNENDLY, endless. 
 Mortal disdain, bent to unendly revenge. 
 Sidney, Arcadia, p. 234. 
 
 UNENTERING, not entering ; making 
 no impression. 
 
 The evening sun 
 Pour'd his unenteriny glory on the mist. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. IX. 
 
 UNENTIRE, not whole. To make 
 unintire = to dissolve. 
 The Elements, though still at warre in mee, 
 Do yet, in firme accord, mine ende con- 
 spire ; 
 
 For it they hasten, sith they disagree, 
 Which well agrees to make me vnintire. 
 
 Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 50. 
 
 UN ENTRANCED, awaked from a dream 
 or visionary state : disentranced is the 
 more common form. 
 
 His heart was wholly unentranced. 
 
 Taylor, Ph. van Art. (The Lay of 
 Elena). 
 
 UNEPISCOPAL, without bishops. The 
 word now would rather imply " unbe- 
 coming a bishop." 
 
 He never set up any sovereign and unepis- 
 copal Presbytery as an Idol or Moloch. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 11. 
 
 UNEVIDENT, obscure. 
 
 "We conjecture at unevident things by that 
 which is evident. Hacket, Life of Williams, 
 i. 107. 
 
 UNEXPECTABLE, not to be looked for. 
 
 The homicide [in a duel] sins deadly, and 
 the slain, without unexpectable mercy, perish- 
 eth eternally. Adams, ii. 322. 
 
 UNEXPECTANT, not expecting or look- 
 ing for anything. The Church Quar- 
 terly Review (April, 1878) in a notice 
 of Mr. Torrens's Life of Lord Mel- 
 bourne marks this as among other 
 strange words used by the author. 
 The word seemed quite familiar to me, 
 but it is not in the Diets. Mr. Torrens,
 
 UNEXPJIESS 
 
 ( 685 ) UNFINISHABLE 
 
 however, did not introduce it, as the 
 extracts will show. Cf. INEXPECTANT. 
 
 There was the black and grey flock of 
 monks and secular clergy with bent unex- 
 psctant faces. G. Eliot, Ilomola, ch. Iv. 
 
 " La, mamma ! as if there was any like- 
 ness between Lady "Western and me," cried 
 Phoebe, lifting a not unexpectant face across 
 the table. Mrs. Oliphant, Salem Chapel, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 UNEXPRESS, informal ; casual. 
 
 The express schoolmaster is not equal to 
 much at present, while the unexpress, for 
 good or for evil, is so busy with a poor little 
 fellow. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Ft. I. 
 ch. iv. 
 
 UNFABLED, unmixed with fable ; 
 real. 
 
 They are more amusing than plain un- 
 fabled precept. Sydney Smith, Works, i. 176. 
 
 "What did she think of the few kind words 
 scattered here and there not thickly, as 
 the diamonds were scattered in the valley 
 of Sindbad, but sparely, as those gems lie in 
 unfabled beds ? Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. 
 xx vi. 
 
 UNFACE, to expose. 
 
 Unface these, and they will prove as bad 
 cards as any in the pack. Rushworth, Pt. II. 
 vol. ii. p. 917. 
 
 UNFADGINQ, not going right. 
 
 The potter may err in framing his vessel, 
 and so in anger dash the unfadging clay 
 against the walls. Adams, iii. 122. 
 
 UNFAITH, distrust. 
 
 In love, if love be love, if love be ours, 
 Faith and unfaith can ne'er be equal powers : 
 Unfaith in aught is want of faith in all. 
 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 UNFARDLE, to unpack. 
 
 Thither our fisherman set the best legge 
 before, and unfardled to the King his whole 
 sachel of wonders. Xashe, Lenten Stuff's 
 (Earl. Misc., vi. 171). 
 
 UN FARROWED, without a farrow the 
 reference is to a sow who had all her 
 pigs taken away. 
 
 She was left alone 
 
 Upon her tower, the Niobe of swine, 
 Aud so return'd unf arrow 1 d to her sty. 
 
 Tennyson, Walking to the Mail. 
 
 UNFASTNESS, porousness. 
 
 The philosopher saith, It is not the intent 
 of kind that trees should be sharp with 
 prickles and thorns, but he would have it 
 caused by the insolidity and unfastness of the 
 tree. Adams, ii. 478. 
 
 UN FATIGUE ABLE, unweariable ; never 
 tired. 
 
 Those are the unfatiyueable feet 
 That traversed the forest tract. 
 Southey, Huron's Address to the Dead. 
 
 UNFEARFDLLY, bravely. 
 
 In latter times they entred the lists 
 naked ; their skill in defence not so much 
 regarded or praised, as the vndaunted gluing 
 or receiuing of wounds ; and life vnfearfully 
 parted with. Sandys, Travels, p. 270. 
 
 UNFEATHER. To strip of feathers : 
 the Diets, have only the past participle. 
 
 Ay, ay, we'll unfeather the whole nest in 
 time. Colman, The Oxonian in Town, Act I. 
 
 UNFELTLT, insensibly. 
 A banefull age, whose strength vnfeltly 
 
 flowes 
 Through all his veins. 
 
 Sylvester, The Lawe, 107. 
 
 UNFETCHED, not to be fetched or 
 carried. 
 
 Our friends by Hector slain 
 (And Jove to friend) lie unfetcli'd off. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xix. 196. 
 
 UNFEDDALISE, to divest of feudal 
 rights or character. 
 
 The Austrian Kaiser answers that his 
 German Princes for their part cannot ba 
 unfeudalised Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. 
 V. ch. v. 
 
 UNFIGHTING, not fighting ; cowardly. 
 Their general gone, the rest like lightning 
 
 fly, 
 
 A cheap unfiyhting herd, not worth th3 
 victory. 
 
 T. Brown, Works, iv. 31. 
 
 UNFILLETED, not tied together. 
 
 The hand 
 
 Holds loosely its small handful of wild- 
 flowers 
 Unfilleted, and of unequal lengths. 
 
 Coleridge, I7ie Picture. 
 
 UNFINE, shabby. 
 
 The birthday was far from being such a 
 show ; empty and unflne as possible. Wai- 
 pole, Letters, ii. 362 (1762). 
 
 UNFINGERED, having no fingers. 
 Not haire, but golden wire drawne like the 
 
 twist 
 The Spider spins with her vnfing'red fist. 
 
 Davies, An Extasie, p. 91. 
 
 UNFINISHABLE, not to be finished. 
 The reference in the text is to a:i 
 author who "left half told " an adven- 
 ture of a famous Knight -errant. 
 
 He commended in his author the conclud- 
 ing his book with a promise of that un- 
 JinishaUe adventure. Jarvis's Don Quixote, 
 Pt. I. Bk. I. ch. i.
 
 UNFIST 
 
 ( 686 ) 
 
 UNGODDESS 
 
 UNFIST, to unhand ; release. 
 You goodman Brandy face, unfist her, 
 How durst you keep my wife your sister ? 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 85. 
 
 UNFLAME, to cool. 
 
 Fear 
 Unflames your courage in pursuit. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, III. Introduction. 
 
 UNFLESHLY, spiritual ; incorporeal. 
 
 Her tears fell on his arm the while, un- 
 heeded except by those unfleshly eyes, with 
 with which they say the very air is thronged. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. 1. 
 
 UNFLESHY, bare of flesh. Davies 
 (Muses Sacrifice, p. 13) speaks of 
 " gastly Death's unfleshy feet." 
 
 UNFLUENT, unready in speech. 
 
 Pour vpon my faint vnjluent tongue 
 
 The sweetest honey of th' Hyantian fount. 
 Sylvester, Sixth day, first week, 29. 
 
 UNFOLDKD, not penned in the fold. 
 
 So long we dispute of lone and forget our 
 labours, that both our flockes shall be vn- 
 folded. Greene, Menaphon, p. 44. 
 
 UNFORESEE, not to anticipate. 
 
 The Lord keeper did not unforesee how far 
 this cord might be drawn. Racket, Life of 
 Williams, i. 171. 
 
 UNFORGIVEABLE, unpardonable. 
 
 This is what it would have been the 
 unforyiveaMe sin to swerve from and desert. 
 Carlyle, Life of Sterling, ch. vii. 
 
 UNFORGIVER, an implacable person. 
 
 I hope, however, that these uiiforgivers 
 (my mother is among them) were always 
 good, dutiful, passive children to their 
 parents. Richardson, Cl. Harloice, vii. 26. 
 
 UNFORGIVINGNESS, implacability. 
 
 "What punishment are they not treasuring 
 up against themselves in the heavy reflections 
 which their rash censures and unforgiving- 
 ness will occasion them ! Richardson, Cl. 
 Harloice, vii. 287. 
 
 UNFORMALIZED, not made formal. 
 
 He listened so kindly, so teachably ; un- 
 formalized by scruples lest so to bend his 
 bright handsome head, to gather a woman's 
 rather obscure and stammering explanation 
 should imperil the dignity of his manhood. 
 J/i'ss Bronte, Villette, ch. xix. 
 
 UNFORTUNACY, misfortune. 
 
 The king he tacitely upbraids with the 
 unfortunacies of his reign by deaths and 
 plagues. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 331. 
 
 UNFRACTURED, unbroken. 
 Its huge bulk lies unfractured. Defoe, 
 Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 310. 
 
 UNFRANKABLE, incapable of being 
 franked, so as to go post-free. 
 
 Your pencils are on my chimney-piece, and 
 the next question is how to transport them 
 to yours, for they are of an unfrankable 
 shape and texture. Southey, Letters, 1819 
 (iii. 106). 
 
 UNFREE,"not free. 
 But yet thou saist, Why staid He not man's 
 
 will? 
 How should He then haue made his will 
 
 bin free ? 
 
 Better unfree (saist thou) than be so ill, 
 But 'tis not ill at libertie to bee. 
 
 Davies, Mirum in Modum, p. 18. 
 
 UNFREEZE, to thaw. 
 
 Loue's firy dart 
 
 Could neuer imfriese the frost of her chaste 
 hart. Hudson's Judith, iv. 196. 
 
 UNFRET, to relax. 
 
 To Joppa will I fly, 
 
 And for a while to Tharsus shape my course, 
 Until the Lord unfret His angry brows. 
 
 Greene, Looking Glass for London, p. 129. 
 
 UNFRIGHTFUL, not terrifying or re- 
 pulsive. 
 
 Not unf rightful it must have been ; ludicro- 
 terrific, and most unmanageable. Carlute, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. iv. 
 
 UNFUELLED, without fuel. 
 Blazing unfueWd from the floor of rock, 
 Ten magic flames arose. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. II. 
 
 UNFULL, imperfect. See extract s. v. 
 
 NUMBERY. 
 
 UNGARMENTED, unclothed. 
 And round her limbs unyarmented the fire 
 Curl'd its fierce flakes. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. IV. 
 
 UNGENTLEMAN, to make rude or 
 clownish. 
 
 Some tell me home-breeding will unffentle- 
 man him. Gentleman Instructed, p. 545. 
 
 UNGIVE, relax, or fail. 
 
 That religion which is rather suddenly 
 parched up than seasonably ripened, doth 
 commonly unyive afterwards. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., II. ii. 40. 
 
 He was over-frozen in his northern rigour, 
 and could not be thaw'd to umiive anything 
 of the rigidnesse of his discipline. Ibid., 
 Hist, of Camb. Univ., vii. 2. 
 
 UNGODDESS, to divest of the attributes 
 or appearance of a goddess. Donne, 
 as quoted by R. and L., uses ungod in 
 this way. Carlyle (Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. V. ch. iv.) speaks of Mrs. Momoro 
 who enacted the part of the Goddess
 
 UNGORED 
 
 ( 687 ) 
 
 UNHOPING 
 
 of Reason, being ' : v,ngoddessed " when 
 the day was over. 
 
 UNGORED, unbloodied. In Hamlet, 
 V. ii.,the word is a different one, though 
 identical in spelling, and = unpierced, 
 uninjured. 
 
 Helms of gold 
 Vnyoard with bloud. 
 
 Sylvester, The Vacation, p. 288. 
 
 UNGORGEOUS, unhandsome ; ill-look- 
 ing. 
 
 It sweeps along there in most unyorgeous 
 pa.\\.Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. IV.ch. viii. 
 
 UNGRAVE, to exhume. Surrey, quoted 
 by R., has ungraved for unburied. 
 
 Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincolne, 
 Diocesan of Lutterworth, sent his officers 
 (vultures with a quick sight scent at a dead 
 carrion) to unyrave him accordingly. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., IV. ii. 53. 
 
 UNGRAVE, light ; quick. R. and L. 
 give the adverb with extract from 
 Shakespeare (Coriol., ii. 3). 
 Now thinke, o thiuke, thou seest those 
 
 hounds of hell, 
 (That yelp out blasphemies about their 
 
 pray) 
 
 With vnyraue gate to runne doe Him compell. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 7. 
 
 UNGREENING, a ceremony used at 
 Leyden University, when a student 
 ceased to be a freshman. See extract 
 s. v. GREENIE. 
 
 UNGUARD, to render defenceless. 
 
 Some well-cho'sen presents from the philo- 
 sopher so softened and unguarded the girl's 
 heart, that a favourable opportunity became 
 irresistible. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. V. 
 ch. v. 
 
 UNGUIDABLY, incapable of being 
 guided. See extract s. v. DEMOUNT. 
 
 UN-HALLOW-WASIIED, not sprinkled 
 with holy water. 
 
 So th' Hypocrite, through superstitious error, 
 Thinks hee hath done some sin of hainous 
 
 horror, 
 
 When, by mis-heed or by mis-hap, hee corns 
 Un-halloic-washt into the Sacred Booms. 
 
 Sylvester, Panaretus, 196. 
 
 UNHARBOUK, dislodge ; bring out of 
 retreat. 
 
 Let us unharbour the rascal. 
 
 Foote, Devil upon Two Sticks, 
 Act I. 
 
 UNHARMING, doing no injury. 
 At once Dunois 011 his broad buckler bears 
 The unharming stroke. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. VII. 
 
 UNHAUNST. H. gives u Haunce, to 
 raise ; to exalt ; " hence unhaunst would 
 = not raised on, i. e. not admitted to 
 heaven. " The ungodly shall not stand 
 in the judgement." 
 
 Therefore in houre iudicial 
 The vugodlye shal vnhaunst remayne. 
 Stanyhurst, Psalm 1. 
 
 UNHEAD, to decapitate. In the second 
 extract effigies are spoken of. 
 
 You . . . did not only dare to uncrown, but 
 to unhead a monarch. T. Brown, n r orks,\\. 
 216. 
 
 Legs and arms lay scattered about, heads 
 undressed, and bodies unheaded. North, 
 Examen, p. 580. 
 
 UN HEAVEN, to leave heaven, or de- 
 prive of heaven. 
 
 Vnheau'n your selues, ye holy Cherubins, 
 And giue attendance on your Lord in Earth. 
 Davies, Holy Roode, p. 28. 
 
 O how should all men, all Christians, all 
 Churches, be unchurched, unchristened, un- 
 sainted, unheavened, ... if these men might 
 not have their wills. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 242. 
 
 UNHEPPEN, ungainly ; awkward. 
 An' Lucy wur liiame o' one leg, sweet-arts 
 
 she niver 'ed none. 
 Strange an' unheppen Miss Lucy ! we niiamed 
 
 her " Dot an' gaw one." 
 
 Tennyson, The Tillage Wife. 
 
 UNHERITABLE, barred from inherit- 
 ance. The extract is from the Council's 
 letter to Q. Mary, 1553. 
 
 Thereby you [are] justly made illegitimate 
 and unheritaMe to the crown imperial of this 
 realm. Heylin, Reformation, ii. 207. 
 
 UNHEROISM, that which is not heroic. 
 
 Search not for the secret of heroic ages, 
 which have done great things in this earth, 
 among their falsities, their greedy quackeries 
 and unheroisms. Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 65. 
 
 UNHIDEABLE, that cannot be obscured. 
 See extract s. v. PASSE-MAN. 
 
 UNHIGHTED, uncared for. 
 
 Through the chinks of an unhighted flesh 
 we may read a neglected soul. Adams, iii. 
 143. 
 
 UNHOODED, without a hood or head- 
 covering. See extract s. v. UXIMSED. 
 R. has unhood, to remove a hood (as 
 from the eyes of a falcon). 
 
 UNHOPING, not expecting. 
 Your flight is no doubt the very thing they 
 aimed to drive you to, by the various attacks
 
 UNHORSE 
 
 ( 688 ) 
 
 UNISTYLIST 
 
 they made upon you, unhoping (as they must 
 do all the time) the success of their schemes 
 in Solmes's behalf. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 iii. 40. 
 
 UNHORSE, to take the horses out of a 
 carriage. 
 
 Maidens wave 
 
 Their kerchiefs, and old women weep'for joy: 
 "While others, not so satisfied, unhorse 
 The gilded equipage, and, turning loose 
 His steeds, usurp a place they well deserve. 
 Cowper, Winter Walk at Noon, 701. 
 
 UNHOSED, without hose or greaves. 
 
 A rude coat of mail 
 Unhosed, unhooded. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. VII. 
 
 UNHOSPITAL, inhospitable. 
 
 The Blacke Sea . . . first called Axenus, 
 which signifieth vnhospitall ; by reason of 
 the colduesse thereof, and inhumanity of 
 the bordering nations. Sandys, Travels, p. 
 39. 
 
 UNHUSBANDED, unmarried. The 
 Diets, have it = neglected. 
 
 She bore unhusbanded a mother's pains. 
 
 Southey, Hannah. 
 
 UNIC, a unique thing. 
 
 Sir Charles Mordaunt's gold medal, mean 
 as it is in workmanship, is extremely curious, 
 and may be termed an unic, being the only 
 one of the kind that has come to our know- 
 ledge. Archteol., iii. 374 (1775). 
 
 UNICORN, a carriage and pair with a 
 third horse in front ; as in the case of 
 tandem, the name applies properly to 
 the arrangement of the horses, but is 
 also used of the whole equipage. 
 
 "Let me drive you out some day in my 
 unicorn. . . . Bid my blockhead bring my 
 unicorn." She, her unicorn, and her block- 
 head were out of sight in a few minutes. 
 Miss Edyeworth, Belinda, ch. xvii. 
 
 UNIDEA'D, empty-pated. 
 
 Pretty unidea'd girls . . seem to form the 
 beau ideal of our whole sex in the works of 
 some modern poets. Mrs. Hemans (Me- 
 morials by Chorley, i. 99). 
 
 UNIFORM, make conformable ; con- 
 form. 
 
 Thus must I uniform my speech to your 
 obtruse conceptions. Sidney, Wanstead Play, 
 p. 622. 
 
 Nor would the Duke have time delayed, 
 In getting new corrections made, 
 But needs must have it, good or bad, 
 To hinder people's running mad, 
 And uniform the multitude 
 In prayer, and join the jarring crowd. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, Cant. i. p. 64. 
 
 UNIFORMAL, uniform ; symmetrical. 
 Her comlye nose with uniformall grace, 
 Like purest white, stands in the middle place. 
 Herrick, Appendix, p. 433. 
 
 UNILLUMED, not lighted up. 
 
 And her full eye, now bright, now unillumed, 
 Spake more than Woman's thought. 
 
 Coleridye, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 UNILLDSORY, undeceiving ; disen- 
 chanting. 
 
 When a philosopher has made up his mind 
 to marry, it is better henceforth to be short- 
 sighted, nay, even somewhat purblind, than 
 to be always scrutinizing the domestic feli- 
 city to which he is about to resign himself, 
 through a pair of cold unillusory barnacles. 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. III. ch. xxii. 
 
 UNIMBATTLED, without battlements. 
 
 The walls on the inside not aboue sixe 
 foote high, unimbattald, and sheluing on the 
 outside. Sandys, Travels, p. 233. 
 
 UNIMMURED, unfortified or unwalled . 
 
 The Jewes, returning from that captiuity, 
 began to reedifie the same ; which yet was 
 vnimmured for threescore and three years 
 after. Sandys, Travels, p. 155. 
 
 UNIMPEACHABLENESS, correctness; 
 purity which cannot be gainsaid. 
 
 He was offended with the insinuations 
 they threw out against the unimpeachableness 
 of his motives. Godwin, Mandeville, iii. 188. 
 
 UNIMPRESSIBLE, apathetic ; not sensi- 
 tive. 
 
 Clara was honest and quiet; but heavy, 
 mindless, unimpressible. ,C7. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xxvii. 
 
 UNINDENTED, unmarked by any 
 wrinkle, &c. 
 
 The rest of the countenance was perfectly 
 smooth and unindented. Lytton, Pelham, ch. 
 btix. 
 
 UNINDWELLABLE, uninhabitable. 
 The Introduction from which the ex- 
 tract is taken is by Stanley Lane Poole. 
 
 A vast desert plateau, bleak, inhospitable, 
 to all but Arabs unindwellable. E. W. Lane, 
 Selections from the Kuran, Introd., p. 13. 
 
 UNINVITE, to put off guests. Cf. 
 UNBESPEAK. 
 
 I made them uninvite their guests. Pepys, 
 Nov. 26, 1665. 
 
 UNIQUITY, singularity; uniqueness. 
 
 As rarities a collector would give ten 
 times more for them ; and uniquity will 
 make them valued more than the charming 
 poetry. Walpole, Letters, iv. 477 (17S9). 
 
 UNISTYLTST, one who uses one stylus 
 or pen. Poe, however, is I suppose
 
 UNIVERSITYLESS ( 689 ) 
 
 UNLESS 
 
 playing on the word, and means one 
 whose style is monotonous. 
 
 The author of ' Cromwell " does better as 
 a writer of ballads than of prose. . . . He is 
 as thorough au unistylist as Cardinal Chigi, 
 who boasted that he wrote with the same 
 pen for half a century. E. A. Poe, Mar- 
 ginalia, cxlii. 
 
 UNIVERSITYLESS, without an univer- 
 sity. 
 
 As for Scotland, it was universityless, till 
 Laurence Lundores and Richard Corvel, Doc- 
 tors of Civil Law, first professed learning at 
 St. Andrew's. Fuller, Hist, of Camb. Univ., 
 ii. 11. 
 
 UNJACOBITIZED, detached from the 
 Jacobite cause. 
 
 They begin to be unjacobitiz'd. Misson, 
 Travels in Eny., transl. by Ozell, p. 138. 
 
 UNJARRING, harmonious ; agreeing. 
 Adams (ii. 294) speaks of the " unjar- 
 ring harmony of truth." 
 
 UNJESUITED, uninfluenced by Jesuits. 
 
 The unjesuited Papists could have found 
 in their hearts (as many did) to apply to 
 that Reformation of Religion. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 346. 
 
 UNKINDREDLY, not behaving like 
 kindred; unnatural. 
 
 "What an implacable as well as unjust set 
 of wretches are those of her unkindredly kin. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 381. 
 
 UNKINGSHIP, abolition of monarchy. 
 
 Unkingship was proclaim'd, and his Ma- 
 jesty's statues thrown down. Evelyn, Diary, 
 May 30, 1649. 
 
 UNKINSMAN, not a relation. In the 
 extract the word = incestuous. 
 "With an unkinsman's kisse (unloving Lover) 
 The Brother shall his Sister's shame dis- 
 cover. Sylvester, Tlie Trophies, 1216. 
 
 UNKNIGHTED, not knighted. 
 
 I ... can hardly suspect him to be the 
 Cromwell of that Age, because only addi- 
 tioued Armiger. Indeed, I . . cannot believe 
 that he was unknighted so long. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Ca abridge (i. 177). 
 
 UNKNOWNEST, most unknown : gee 
 extract s. v. KNOWNEST. 
 
 UNLABOURING, easy going. 
 A mead of mildest charm delays the un- 
 
 labouriny feet. 
 
 Coleridge, To Cattle. 
 
 UNLAMPOONED, unattacked by lam- 
 poons. 
 And give thenceforth thy dinners unlam- 
 
 pooned. 
 
 Southey, To A. Cunningham. 
 
 UNLAND, to deprive of lands. 
 One Bishop (Anthony Kitchin by name) 
 more unlanded Landaff in one, than all his 
 Predecessors endowed it in four hundred 
 years. Fuller, Worthies, Monmouth, ii. 117. 
 
 UNLASHED, unchastised. 
 Actors, unlash'd themselves, may lash man- 
 kind. Churchill, Jiosciad, 500. 
 
 UNLAWED. See quotation. 
 
 The disabling dogs, which might be neces- 
 sary for keeping flocks and herds, from run- 
 ning at the deer, was called laiciny, and was 
 iu general use. The Charter of the Forest, 
 designed to lessen these evils, declares that 
 inquisition or view for lairing dogs shall be 
 made every third year, and shall be then 
 done by the view and testimony of lawful 
 men, not otherwise ; and they whose dogs 
 shall be then found unlatced, shall give three 
 shillings for mercy ; and for the future no 
 man's ox shall be taken for la-ttiny. Such 
 lowing also shall be done by the assize com- 
 monly used, and which is, that three claws 
 shall be cut off without the ball of the right 
 foot. Scott, Ivanhoe, note to ch. i. 
 
 UNLEADED, stripped of lead. 
 
 As for the Bishop's Palace, it was formerly 
 a very fair structure, but lately unleaded, and 
 new covered with tyle. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Kbririch (ii. 154). 
 
 UNLEARNABILITY, inability to learn. 
 
 You will learn how to conduct it [the 
 camera] with the pleasure of correcting my 
 awkwardness and unlearnalility. Walpole, 
 letters, iv. 85 (1777). 
 
 UNLEAVE, to strip of leaves. 
 The good gardiner . . . vnleaues his bonghes 
 to let in the sunne. Puttenham, Poesie, Bk. 
 III. ch. 25. 
 
 Amorous myrtles and immortal bays 
 Never vnleau'd. Sylvester, Eden, 122. 
 Sometimes they do the far-spread gourd 
 vnleave. Ibid., Handy-Crafts, p. 136. 
 
 UNLED, without guidance or support. 
 
 They will quaffe freely when they come to 
 the house of a Christian ; insomuch as I 
 haue seene but few go away vnled from the 
 embassadors table. Sandys, Travels, p. 66. 
 
 UNLEFT, not left. 
 
 Yet were his men unleft. Chapman, Iliad, 
 ii. 622. 
 
 UNLESS, lest. 
 
 I fear unless we shall be ready of our own 
 free will to run headlong into hell-fire, before 
 the terrible sentence of damnation be given ; 
 our conscience shall so condemn us. Becon, 
 i. 366. 
 
 Presume not, villain, further for to go, 
 Unless you do at length the same repent. 
 
 Greene, Alphonsut, Act L 
 Y Y
 
 UNLEVEL 
 
 ( 690 ) VNMARVELLOUS 
 
 Tis best for thee to hold thy tattlingtongue, 
 
 Unless I send some one to scourge thy breech. 
 
 /fad., Act II. 
 
 Beware you do not once the same gainsay, 
 Unless with death he do your rashness pay. 
 Ibid., Act V. 
 
 UNLEVEL, not level : the poet in the 
 extract seems to mean that Judith's 
 nose was not flat. 
 Tween these two sunnes and front of equall 
 
 sise, 
 
 A comely figure formally did rise, 
 "With draught unleuell, to her lip descend. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, iv. 349. 
 
 UNLIDDED, uncovered ; opened. 
 
 Not a paper but was glanced over, not a 
 little box but was unlidded. Miss Bronte, 
 Villette, ch. xiii. 
 
 UNLINE, to empty ; take out con- 
 tents. 
 
 It vnlines their purse. 
 
 Davies, Bienvenu, p. 6. 
 
 UNLINGERINQ, hasty ; immediate. 
 
 The Koman [Caesar] by the word " sudden " 
 means unlingering ; whereas the Christian 
 Litany by " sudden death " means a death 
 without warning, consequently without any 
 available summons to religious preparation. 
 De Quincey, Eng. Mail-Coach. 
 
 UNLISTED, not catalogued. 
 The names of many are yet unlisted. God 
 appearing for the Parliament, 1644, p. 5. 
 
 UNLITURQIZE, to deprive of a liturgy. 
 
 These were to Directorize, to Unliturgize, 
 to Catechize, and to Disciplinize their 
 Brethren. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 609. 
 
 UNLIVE, to kill ; unless unliving in 
 the extract simply = death. 
 
 Nor livest thou by the unlyving or evis- 
 cerating of others, as most fishes do. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 179). 
 
 UNLOQICAL, illogical. 
 All heartily laughed at his unlogical reason. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Kent (i. 487). 
 
 UNLOCK, to recall a look. 
 
 He .... now turned his eyes towards 
 me, then from me, as if he would unlook his 
 own looks. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 215. 
 
 UNLOVE, to cease to love. 
 
 I had learnt to love Mr. Rochester; I 
 could not unlove him now. C. Bronte, Jane 
 Eyre, ch. xviii. 
 
 UNLOVERLIKE, unlike a lover. 
 
 Astonished and shocked at so unloverlike 
 a speech, she was almost ready to cry out. 
 Mist Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ch. xxxix. 
 
 UNLUCENT, dull ; not bright. 
 
 Havoc and anarchy everywhere; a com- 
 bustion most fierce but unlucent. Carlyle, 
 Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 UNLUCKFULL, untoward ; mischiev- 
 ous; unlucky is still so used, at least 
 as a provincialism. 
 
 O Pallas, ladie of citees, why settest thou 
 thy delite in three the moste vnhickefull 
 beastes of the worlde, the oulette, the dra- 
 gon, and the people ? Udal's Erasmus's 
 Apophth., p. 375. 
 
 UNLUMINOUS, without light. 
 
 A tragical combustion, long smoking and 
 smouldering unluminous, has now burst into 
 flame Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. iii. 
 
 UNLYCANTHROPIZE, to change a man, 
 who had been turned into a wolf, back 
 into a man again. 
 
 She is ready to unlycanthropize you from 
 this wolfish shape to your former condition. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 114. 
 
 UNMACADAMIZED, unpaved on Ma- 
 cadam's principle. 
 For so she gather'd the awful sense 
 Of the street in its past unmacadamized 
 
 tense, 
 As the wild horse overran it. 
 
 Hood, Miss Kilmansegy. 
 
 UNMAIDEN, to deflower. 
 He unmaidened his sister Juno. Urqu' 
 harfs Rabelais, Bk. III. ch. xii. 
 
 UNMANLINESS, want of manliness; 
 effeminacy. 
 
 You and yours make piety a synonym for 
 unmanliness. C. Kingsley, Yeast, ch. ii. 
 
 UNMARKETABLE, that cannot be traf- 
 ficked with, or cannot meet with a sale. 
 
 That paltry stone brought home to her 
 some thought, true, spiritual, unmarketable. 
 Kingxley, Hypatia, ch. xix. 
 
 His own ill-favoured person, which was 
 quite unmarketable, escaped without injury, 
 but poor "Wildfire, unconscious of his price, 
 turned on his flank, and painfully breathed 
 his last. G. Eliot, Silas Marner, ch. iv. 
 
 UNMARTYR, to strike out of the list 
 of martyrs. 
 
 All the amends which is made to the 
 memory of Scotus is that he was made a 
 martyr after his death. . . . But since, Ba- 
 ronius hath unmartyred him. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., II. iv. 36. 
 
 UNMARVELLOUS, ordinary; not won- 
 derful. 
 Thy soul delights in wonder, pomp, and 
 
 bustle, 
 Mine is th' unmarvellous and placid scene. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 187.
 
 UNMATCHABLENESS ( 691 ) UNMUSCULAR 
 
 UNMATCHABLENESS, invincibility. 
 
 The holy story never records any but a 
 barbarous Philistine to make this offer, and 
 that in the presumption of his vnmatchable- 
 nesse. Up. Hall, Epistles, Dec. IV. Ep. ii. 
 
 UNMATCHEDNESS, incomparableness. 
 
 Which affirmation of his clear unmatched- 
 ness in all manner of learning I make. 
 Chapman, Iliad, Preface. 
 
 UNMATRONLIKE, unlike a matron. . 
 
 I wonder I could not distinguish the be- 
 haviour of the unmatronlike jilt, whom thou 
 broughtest to betray me, from the worthy 
 lady whom thou hast the honour to call thy 
 aunt. Richardson, Of. Harlowe, v. 359. 
 
 UNMAZE, to disentangle ; relieve from 
 terror or bewilderment. 
 This new man Tully, this poor Arpinate, 
 Late made at Rome a Country-gentleman, 
 Set guards where e're the line of danger ran, 
 Unmaz'd us, and took pains for all the town. 
 Stapylton's Juvenal, viii. 312. 
 
 UNMEANINGNESS, want of intention or 
 design. 
 
 Indiana, . . with apparent unmeaning ness, 
 but internal suspicion of their giver, had 
 trampled upon them both. Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Camilla, Bk. III. ch. i. 
 
 UNMECHANIZE, to throw out of gear. 
 Paley, quoted by R., uses the past par- 
 ticiple = not formed by mechanism. 
 
 "What one misfortune or disaster in the 
 book of embryotic evils that could un- 
 mechanize thy frame, or entangle thy fila- 
 ments, which has not fallen upon thy head, 
 or ever thou earnest into the world ? Sterne, 
 Trist. Shandy, iii. 167. 
 
 UNMEDICINABLE, should mean (as in 
 the second quotation) that cannot be 
 cured by medicine : in the first extract, 
 however, it seems to signify " power- 
 less to cure." 
 
 Away with his vnmedcinable balme, 
 Of worded breath : forbear, friends, let me 
 
 rest. Chapman, Gentleman Vsher, iv". 1. 
 But these, much - med'cine - knowing men, 
 
 physicians, may recure, 
 Thou yet unmed'cinable still. 
 
 Ibid., Iliad, xvi. 24. 
 
 UNMENTIONABLES, a euphemism for 
 trousers. Of. INDESCRIBABLES. 
 
 The knees of the unmentionables, and the 
 elbows of the coat, and the seams generally, 
 soon began to get alarmingly white. 
 Sketches by Boz (Shabby-Genteel People). 
 
 UNMETAPIIORICAL, unfigurative. 
 
 I am got, I know not how, into a cold. 
 unmetaphorical vein of infamous writing. 
 Sterne, Trist. Shandy, vi. 135. 
 
 UNMETED, unmeasured. 
 
 Surely those near me must have felt some 
 little of the anxiety I felt in degree so wn- 
 meted. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxxix. 
 
 UNMEW, to release. 
 But let a portion of ethereal dew 
 Fall on my head, and presently unmew 
 My soul. Keats, Endymion, Bk. I. 
 
 UNMISTRUSTING, unsuspicious ; con- 
 fiding. 
 
 There was a plainness and simplicity of 
 thinking with . . an unmistrusting ignorance 
 of the plies and foldings of the heart of 
 woman. Sterne, Tr-ist. Shandy, v. 21. 
 
 UNMODERNISED, old - fashioned ; not 
 altered to a modern fashion. 
 
 The mansion of the squire with its high 
 walls, great gates, and old trees, substantial 
 and unmodemised. Miss A usten, Persuasion, 
 ch. v. 
 
 UNMODIFIABLENESS, inflexibility. 
 
 "When this attaching force is present in a 
 nature not of brutish unmodifiableness, but 
 of a human dignity that can risk itself safely, 
 it may even result in a devotedness not unfit 
 to be called divine in a higher sense than the 
 ancient. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda, ch. Iviii. 
 
 UNMONKISH, not given to, or sym- 
 pathising with, monasticism. 
 
 A singular condition of Schools and High- 
 schools, which have come down . . . from 
 the monkish ages into this highly unmonkish 
 one. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, Pt. I. ch. iv. 
 
 UNMORTISED, unfixed ; out of order ; 
 broken. 
 
 In a dark nook stood an old broken-bot- 
 toined cane-couch, without a squab or cover- 
 lid, sunk at one corner, and unmortised by 
 the failing of one of its worm-eaten legs. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vi. 304. 
 The feet unmortised from their ankle-bones. 
 Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
 
 UNMUNITIONED, unfurnished with mu- 
 nitions of war. 
 
 Cadiz, I told them, was held poor, un- 
 manned, and unmunitioned. Peeke, Tliree to 
 One, 1625 (Eny. Gamer, i. 634). 
 
 UNMUSCLED, flaccid. 
 
 Then what wry faces will they make ! 
 their hearts and their heads reproaching each 
 other ! distended their parched mouths ! 
 sunk their unmuscled cheeks ! dropt their 
 under jaws ! Eichardson, Cl.Harlou-e,vi.Z6'2. 
 
 UNMUSCULAR, not muscular ; physic- 
 ally weak. 
 
 Shallow women that have neither read nor 
 suffered have an unmuscular barbarity of 
 their own. Eeade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Iii, 
 Y Y 2
 
 VNMUSTERED ( 692 ) UNPASS1ONED 
 
 UNMUSTERED = having never per- 
 formed military service. 
 
 Indeed the Roman laws allowed no person 
 to be carried to the wars, but he that was in 
 the souldier's roul. And therefore though 
 Cato misliked his unmustered person, he mis- 
 liked not his work. Sidney, Defence of 
 Poesie, p. 558. 
 
 UNMYSTERY, to make clear. 
 
 He hath unmysteried the mysterie of 
 Heraldry. Fuller, Worthies, Hereford (i. 
 453). 
 
 UNNAMEABLE, that cannot be named ; 
 indescribable. 
 
 By slow degrees our sickness, and dizzi- 
 ness, and horror, become merged in a cloud 
 of unnameable feeling. E. A. Pot, Imp of 
 the Perverse. 
 
 UNNAPKINED, without a napkin or 
 handkerchief. 
 
 No pandar's wither'd paw 
 Nor an unnapkin'd lawyer's greasy fist 
 Hath once slubber' d thee. 
 
 Beaum. and FL, Woman-Hater, i. 3. 
 
 UNNEAR, distant. 
 And where the Earth was couer'd with her 
 
 Floud, 
 
 Now Cities stand vnneere the Ocean's brim. 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 51. 
 
 UNNEST, to turn out of a nest ; to 
 dislodge. 
 
 The eye unnested from the head cannot 
 see. Adams, ii. 258. 
 
 UNNESTLE, to take or rouse out of 
 the nest. 
 
 Unnestling of sparrows, taking of quails, 
 and fishing for frogs and crabs. Urquhart's 
 Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxiv. 
 
 Lucifer . . . will go about to unnestle and 
 drive out of heaven all the gods. Ibid., Bk. 
 III.ch.iii. 
 
 UNNETTED, not protected by nets. 
 The unnetted black-hearts ripen dark, 
 All thine, against the garden wall. 
 
 Tennyson, The Blackbird. 
 
 UNNIGGARD, liberal. 
 
 That sumptuous canapy 
 The which th' vnniygard hand of Maiesty 
 Poudred so thick with shields so shining 
 cleer. 
 
 Sylvester, Fourth day, first weeke, 375. 
 
 UNNOSED, stripped of a nose ; applied 
 to one who has taken off a false nose. 
 
 " Is not this Tom Cecial, my neighbour 
 and gossip ? " " Indeed am I," answered the 
 unnosed squire. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. 
 Bk. I. ch. xiv. 
 
 UNNOTIFY, to contradict a previous 
 statement. 
 
 I notified to you the settlement of the 
 ministry, and, contrary to the late custom, 
 have not to unnotify it again. Walpole to 
 Mann, iii. 231 (1757). 
 
 UNOLD, to make young. 
 There ripes the rare cheer-cheek myrobalan, 
 Minde-gladding fruit, that can vnolde a man. 
 Sylvester, T/ie Schisme, 697. 
 
 UNORDER, to counterorder. 
 
 I think I must unorder the tea ... if I am 
 to be responsible for any mischief from your 
 drinking it. Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. 
 VIII. ch. iii. 
 
 He had sent to unorder a new pipe of 
 Madeira, saying he would go without. Ibid., 
 Camilla, Bk. X. ch. vi. 
 
 UNORTHODOXY, unsoundness in faith ; 
 heterodoxy, which is the commoner 
 word. 
 
 Calvin made roast-meat of Servetus at 
 Geneva for his unorthodoxy. T. Urown, 
 Works, iii. 104. 
 
 UNOVERCOME, unconquered. Chap- 
 man, Iliad, xvi. 92. 
 
 UNOVERTAKEN, not come up with. 
 
 The sun is upon his back behind him, and 
 his shadow is still unovertaken before him. 
 Adams, ii. 301. 
 
 UNPACIFIABLE, unappeasable ; irre- 
 strainable. 
 
 Oh the unpacifiable madness that this 
 world's music puts those into who will dance 
 after its pipe. Adams, ii. 409. 
 
 UNPACKER, one who unpacks. 
 
 By the awkwardness of the unpacker the 
 statue's thumb was broken. Miss Edyeworth, 
 Ennui, ch. iii. 
 
 UNPANNEL, to unsaddle. Cf. PANNEL. 
 
 Sancho, observing all this, said, God's 
 peace be with him who saved us the trouble 
 of unpannelling Dapple ; for in faith he 
 should not have wanted a slap on the but- 
 tocks, nor a speech in his praise : but if he 
 were here. I would not consent to his being 
 unpannelled. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. I. 
 Bk. III. ch. xi. 
 
 UNPARROTTED, not repeated by rote 
 like a parrot. Cf. PARROT. 
 
 Her sentiments were unparrotted and un- 
 studied. Godunn, Mandeville, i. 207. 
 
 UNPASSIONED, undisturbed by passion. 
 And you, o you vnpassiond peacefull Harts, 
 
 That with me Hue secure in meane estate, 
 Be joyf all, though you play but simple parts. 
 Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 48.
 
 UNPATHWAYED ( 693 ) 
 
 UNPROMISE 
 
 UNPATHWAYED, having no track. 
 Shakespeare ( Winter s Tale, IV. iii.) 
 has unpathed. 
 
 She roves through St. John's Vale 
 Along the smooth unpathwayed plain. 
 
 Wordsworth, The Waggoner, c. iv. 
 
 UNPEPPERED, unseasoned. 
 Ye Novel-Readers, such as relish most 
 Plain Nature's feast, unpepper'd with a Ghost. 
 Colman, Vagaries Vindicated, p. 203. 
 
 UNPERMANENT, transitory ; not last- 
 ing. 
 
 Who would not, to preserve so many es- 
 sentials, give up so light, so impermanent a 
 pleasure ? Richardson, Cl. Harloice, iv. 36. 
 
 UNPERSUADABLENESS, fixity in resolu- 
 tion ; resistance to persuasion. 
 
 Resentment and unpersuadableness are not 
 natural to you. Richardson, Cl. Harloice, 
 ii. 64. 
 
 UNPERSUASIVE, unable to persuade. 
 I bit my unpersuasive lips. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, v. 215. 
 
 UNPERVERT, to recover a pervert ; to 
 reconvert. 
 
 His wife could never be unperverted again, 
 but perished in her Judaism. Fuller, Ch. 
 Hist., X. iv. 64. 
 
 I had the credit all over Paris of unper- 
 
 verting Madame de V . She affirmed to 
 
 Monsieur D and the Abbe M that 
 
 in one half hour I bad said more for revealed 
 religion than all their Encyclopaedia had said 
 against it. Sterne, Sent. Journey, Paris. 
 
 UNPICTURESQUE, deficient in pictur- 
 esqueness. 
 
 She hated everything straight, it was so 
 formal and unpicturesque. Miss Edgeworth, 
 Absentee, ch. vi. 
 
 UMPIRED, not dressed out; in slovenly 
 array. See N. s. v. picked. 
 
 He brought them foorth vnkembed and 
 vnpiked, without cotes, bare foote and bare- 
 leggued. UdaFs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 90. 
 
 UNFILLED, unpillaged. 
 
 Their merchantlike ships, many or few, 
 great or small, may in our seas and some- 
 what further, pass quietly unpilled, unspoiled, 
 and untaken by pirates. Dr. Dee, Petty Navy 
 Royal, 1576 (Eng. Garner, ii. 62). 
 
 UNPILOTED, unguided. 
 You see me . . . unpiloted by principle or 
 faith. Miss Bronte, ch. xxxv. 
 
 UNPLEASABLE, not to be pleased. 
 
 What a change have I made to please my 
 unpleasable daughter ! Burgoyne, The Heir- 
 ess, Act II. sc. ii. 
 
 UNPLEASANTISH, somewhat un- 
 pleasant. 
 
 And in truth 'tis a rather unpleasantish job. 
 Hood, Etching Moralised. 
 
 UNPLEAT, to smooth. 
 
 Droope not for that (man), but vnpleate thy 
 browes. Davies, Eclogue, p. 19. 
 
 UNPOLISH, to deprive of politeness. 
 The Diets, only have the past participle. 
 
 How anger unpolishes the most polite! 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, v. 286. 
 
 UNPRACTISEDNESS, want of practice. 
 
 He ascribes all honestie to an vnpractis'd- 
 nesse in the world. Earle, Microcosmographie 
 ( World's wise man). 
 
 UNPREACH, to recant what had been 
 preached. 
 
 The clergy their own principles denied ; 
 Unpreach'd their non-resisting cant. 
 
 Defoe, True-Born Englishman, Pt. II. 
 
 UNPRELATED, deposed from the epis- 
 copate. 
 
 The Archbishop thought not himself ab- 
 solute till this man was unprelated. Hacket, 
 Life of Williams, ii. 120. 
 
 UNPREMEDITABLE, not to be premedi- 
 tated ; unlocked for. 
 
 A capfull of wind . . . comes against you 
 . . . with such unpremeditable puffs. Sterne, 
 Sent. Journey, The Fragment. 
 
 UNPRETTINESS, uncomeliness. 
 - She says it is not pretty in a young lady 
 to sigh ; but where is the unprettiness of it ? 
 Richardson, Grandison, iii. 51. 
 
 UNPRETTY, ugly. 
 
 His English is blundering, but not unpretty. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, ii. 155. 
 
 UNPRINCE, to divest of royal charac- 
 ter or authority. 
 
 Queen Mary, though drenched, not 
 drowned, in Popish Principles, would not 
 nnprince herself to obey his Holiness. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Wartcick, ii. 408. 
 
 UNPRINCIPLE, to corrupt. 
 
 The press has not only effeminated the 
 mind but unprincipled the understanding. 
 Gentleman Instructed, p. 234. 
 
 They have been principled, or rather un- 
 principled, by such tutors. H. Brooke, Fool 
 of Quality,!. 111. 
 
 UNPROMISE, to revoke a promise. 
 Promises are no fetters ; with that tongue 
 Thy promise past, vnpromise it againe. 
 
 Chapman, All Fooles, II. i. 
 
 UNPROPORTIONABLENESS,unsuitability. 
 
 These considerations of the unproportion- 
 
 ableness of any other Church-government
 
 UNPROSELYTE ( 694 ) UNREMORSEFUL 
 
 than a right Episcopacy to the temper of 
 England, moved the supercilious, yet very 
 learned Salmasius in his advice to the Prince 
 Elector. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 
 
 586. 
 
 UNPROSELYTE, to win back some who 
 were inclined to be perverts. 
 
 This text . . . happily unproselyted some 
 inclinable to his opinions. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 
 X. iv. 8. 
 
 UNPROTESTANTIZE, to divest of the 
 Protestant character. 
 
 To Romanize the Church is not to reform 
 it. To unprotestantize is not to reform it. C. 
 Kimjsley, 1851 (Life, i. 204). 
 
 UNPDCKER. to smoothe ; relax. 
 
 Let but Teufelsdrockh open his mouth, 
 Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into a 
 free doorway. Carlyle, Sartor Eesartus, Bk. 
 I. ch. iii. 
 
 UNPUFF, to humble. 
 "We might vnpuff our heart, and bend our 
 
 knee, 
 T'appease with sighs God's wrathfull Ma- 
 
 iestie. 
 
 Sylvester, Fourth day, first weeks, 526. 
 
 UNPUNCTILIOUS, not particular. 
 
 Lovers, said she, are the weakest people in 
 the world ; and people of punctilio the most 
 unpunctilious. Richardson, Grandison, iii. 
 257. 
 
 UNQUAKERLIKE, unlike a quaker. 
 
 A fair round cosy girl with a most un- 
 quakerlike expression of mirth in her eye. 
 Savage, Reuben Medlicott, Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 UNQUALIFIABLE, unable to qualify 
 (for office by taking the oaths). 
 
 He would not put the seals to any com- 
 missions to persons unqualifiable, with a non 
 ofistante to the test laws. North, Life of 
 Lord Guilford, ii. 222. 
 
 UNQUESTIONABILITY, that which can- 
 not be doubted. 
 
 Our religion is ... a great heaven-high 
 Unquastionalrility. Carlyle, Past and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch. vi. 
 
 UNQUESTIONLESS, unquestionable or 
 questionless. See quotation from Cow- 
 ley, s. v. unremorseless, in K. for a 
 similar instance. 
 
 Your knowledge in the profession, Mr. 
 Rightly, is as unqucstionless as your integrity. 
 Uuryoyne, Tlie Heiress, v. 1. 
 
 UNQUIZZABLE, not obnoxious to ridi- 
 cule ; correct. 
 
 Each was dressed out in his No. 1 suit, in 
 most exact and unquizzable uniform. Mar- 
 ryat, Ft: Mildmay, ch. xv. 
 
 UNQUOD, untold. See quotation . v. 
 
 EXTERMINION. 
 
 Csesar, beeyng moued with the vnquod 
 maner of crueltee, commaunded . . . the boie 
 to be let go. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 289. 
 
 UNRAVELLER, one who untwists, and 
 so, explains. 
 
 Mythologists are indeed very pretty fel- 
 lows, and are mighty unravellers of the 
 fables of the old Ethnicks, discovering all the 
 Old Testament concealed in them. T. 
 rown, Works, iii. 279. 
 
 UNRAZED, not razed or destroyed. 
 Onely three towers ... he left unrated. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 155. 
 
 UNREALIZE, to divest of reality ; to 
 present in an ideal form. 
 
 In Mr. Shelley's case . . . there seems to 
 have been an attempt to unrealize every 
 object in nature, presenting them under 
 forms and combinations in which they are 
 never to be seen through the mere medium 
 of our eyesight. Sir H. Taylor, Preface to 
 Ph. van Artevelde. 
 
 UNRECOVERED, irrecoverable : KOKOV 
 flpap is the original. 
 Consider these affairs in time, while thou 
 
 mayst use thy pow'r, 
 And have the grace to turn from Greece 
 
 fate's unrecover'd hour. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, ix. 247. 
 
 UNRECUMBENT, not lying down. 
 
 The cattle mourn in corners, where the fence 
 Screens them, and seem half-petrified to 
 
 sleep 
 In unrecumbent sadness. 
 
 Cowper, Winter Morning Walk, 29. 
 
 UNREFERRINQ, without reference. 
 
 In the institution thereof he neither had 
 any insolent relation to his own conquest, 
 nor opprobrious reflection on his enemies' 
 captivity, but began the innocent order of 
 the Garter, unreferring to any of his former 
 atchievements. Fuller, Ch. Hist., III. ix. 5. 
 
 UNRELENTINGNESS, implacability. 
 
 Such in its unrelentingness was the perse- 
 cution that overmastered me. De Quincey, 
 Autob. Sketches, i. 363. 
 
 UNREMEMBERABLE, not memorable or 
 to be remembered. 
 
 The leafy blossoming Present Time springs 
 from the whole Past, remembered and unre- 
 memberable. Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 6. 
 
 UNREMORSEFUL, unsparing ; pitiless. 
 
 Unremorteful fate 
 
 Did work the falls of those two princes dead. 
 Niccols, Sir T. Overbury's Vision, 
 1616 (Harl. Misc., vii. 179).
 
 UNREPAIRABLE ( 695 ) 
 
 UNSAINTL Y 
 
 "Wrapt 
 In unremorseful folds of rolling fire. 
 
 Tennyson, Holy Grail. 
 
 UNREPAIRABLE, irreparable ; past 
 mending. 
 
 The vnrepairable breaches abroad were such 
 as could giue the king no longer assured- 
 nesse of quiet than the attempters would. 
 Daniel, Hist, of Eny., p. 48. 
 
 UNREPLIABLE, unanswerable. 
 
 Against which adventurous Sin many 
 learned and worthy men . . . have wrote by 
 most unrepliable demonstrations from the 
 law of Nature and Nations. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 329. 
 
 UNREPULSABLE, not to be repulsed ; 
 persistent. 
 
 Fanny . . . was trying by everything in the 
 power of her modest, gentle nature to re- 
 pulse Mr. Crawford, and avoid both his looks 
 and inquiries ; and he, unrepulsable, was 
 persisting in both. Miss Austen, Mansfield 
 Park, ch. xxxiii. 
 
 UNREPULSING, not repelling ; pass- 
 ively yielding. 
 
 I kissed her unreptdsing hand. Richard- 
 son, Cl. Harlowe, iv. 254. 
 
 UNREQUEST, to withdraw a request. 
 
 When that I perceived my request for 
 
 jurisdiction made before unto you, upon 
 
 further deliberation I thought it good to 
 
 unrequest that again. Hooper to Cecil, 1552. 
 
 UNREQUISITE, unnecessary. 
 The Melancholy's mestiue, and too full 
 Of fearefull thoughts, and cares vnrequisit. 
 Dames, Microcosmos, p. 31. 
 
 UNRESOLVE, to change or give up a 
 resolution. 
 
 Tost by contrary thoughts, the man 
 Besolv'd and unresolved again. 
 
 Ward, England's Reformation, 
 c. iv. p. 387. 
 
 UNRESPEOTABLE, disreputable. 
 
 Let those of the respectable press who are 
 without sin cast the first stone at the unre- 
 spectable. C. Kingsley, Alton Locke, ch. xx. 
 
 UNRESPONSAL, irresponsible : so hos- 
 pital for hospitable, &c. 
 
 A tithe or a crop of hay or corn which are 
 ready to be carried away by force by unre- 
 sponsal men. Hacket, Life of Williams, p. 
 106. 
 
 IRRESPONSIBLE, irresponsible : given 
 in L. without example. 
 
 His unresponsable memory can make us no 
 satisfaction. Fuller, Worthies, Essex (i. 370). 
 
 UN.RESTED, out of the rest. 
 
 Sir Launcelot, perceiving his rival's spear 
 unrested, had just time to throw up the point 
 of his own. timollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. xix. 
 
 UNRESTINGNESS, absence of repose or 
 quiet. 
 
 ;< The Everlasting Jew : " The German 
 name for what we in English call the Wan- 
 dering Jew. The German imagination has 
 been most struck by the duration of the 
 man's life, and his unhappy sanctity from 
 death ; the English by the unrestinyness of 
 the man's life, his incapacity of repose. De 
 Quincey, Roman Meals. 
 
 UNRETURNABLE, impossible to be re- 
 paid. 
 
 The obligations I had laid on their whole 
 family, whatever were the success, were un- 
 returnable. Richardson, Grandison, iv. 307. 
 
 She declined accepting a present which 
 would lay her under an unreturnable obliga- 
 tion. Mrs. Lennox, Henrietta, Bk. I. ch. vii. 
 
 UNRIDEABLY, not capable of being 
 ridden. See extract s. v. ROUGH-RIDER. 
 
 UNRIVALABLE. inimitable. 
 
 The present unique, unrivalled, and un- 
 rivalable production. Southey, The Doctor, 
 ch. i. A i. 
 
 UNROYALIST, one not of the royal 
 family. 
 
 He is so privileged a favourite with all the 
 royal family that he utters all his nights to 
 them almost as easily as to unroyalists. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, iv. 56. 
 
 UNRUDE. E. gives the word, but 
 remarks that the un is augmentative, 
 not privative, as is the case no doubt 
 in the two passages from Jonson which 
 he cites, but in the subjoined unrude 
 = polished. 
 
 Manners knowes distance, and a man unrude 
 Wo'd soon recoile and not intrude 
 
 His stomach to a second meale. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, p. 156. 
 
 UNSACRAMENT, deprive of sacramental 
 virtue. The extract gives one of the 
 positions of the Donatists as stated by 
 Fuller. 
 
 The profaneness of a bad man administring 
 it doth unsacrament Baptisme itself, making 
 a nullity thereof. Holy and Prof. State,~V. xi. 
 
 UNSAGE, foolish. 
 And with their wicked hands, and words 
 
 vnsac/e, 
 
 They did our sacred messengers outrage. 
 Hudson, Judith, v. 305. 
 
 UNSAINTLY, unholy ; unlike a saint. 
 What (I pray) can be more unsaintly than 
 to desire, yea, delight and glory, as some in
 
 UNSANITARY ( 696 ) 
 
 UNSHELL 
 
 England now do, in most unjust and un- 
 charitable actions? Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 209. 
 
 UNSANITARY, unhealthy; having no 
 regard to the laws of health. 
 
 The friend's stable had to be reached 
 through a back street where you might as 
 easily have been poisoned without expense 
 of drugs as in any grim street of that un- 
 sanitary period. G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. 
 xxiii. 
 
 UNSAPPED, not undermined or secretly 
 attacked. 
 
 They seemed to be two upright vestal 
 sisters, unsapped by caresses, unbroke in upon 
 by tender salutations. Sterne, Sent. Journey, 
 Act of Charity. 
 
 UNSAVOURY, tasteless : now applied 
 to that which has a bad taste. Cf. Job 
 vi. 6. 
 
 Choler is bitter, of the nature of Gall: 
 Phlegme, ttnsavery as water, and without all 
 qualitie. Ibtichstone of Complexions, p. 87. 
 
 UNSCEPTRED, deprived of his sceptre ; 
 
 unkinged. 
 
 So, with his daughters three, the unscepter'd 
 Lear 
 
 Heaved the loud sigh, and pour'd the glister- 
 ing tear. Poetry of Antijacobin, p. 138. 
 
 UNSCHOLAR, no scholar. 
 
 But here you wyll come in with temporal 
 man and scholer : I tell you plainlye, scholer 
 or vnscholer, yea if I were xx scholers, I wolde 
 thinke it were my dutie, bothe with exhort- 
 inge men to shote, and also with shoting my 
 selfe, to set forwarde that thing which the 
 Kinge, his wisedome, and his counsell, so 
 greatlye laboureth to go forwarde. Asckam, 
 Toxophilus, p. 38. 
 
 UNSEIZE, to release. In the first ex- 
 tract unseize thee = relax thy hold. 
 "What, never fill'd ? Be thy lips screw'd so 
 
 fast 
 To th' earth's full breast ? for shame, for 
 
 shame, unseize thee. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, I. xii. 2. 
 
 He, at the stroke, unseiz'd me, and gave 
 back. Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, Act 
 III. 
 
 UN-SELF-DELICIOUS, not self-indulg- 
 ent. 
 
 Such were not yerst Cincinnatus, Fabricius, 
 Serranus, Curius, who vn-se/f -delicious, 
 "With crowned coultars, with imperial! hands, 
 "With ploughs triumphant plough'd the 
 Roman lands. 
 
 Sylvester, Third day, first weeke, 1057. 
 
 UNSENSUALIZE, to purify ; elevate 
 from the dominion of the senses. 
 
 Hence the soft couch, and many-coloured 
 
 robe, 
 The timbrel, and arched dome, and costly 
 
 feast, 
 With all the inventive arts that nursed the 
 
 soul 
 
 To forms of beauty, and by sensual wants 
 Unsensualized the mind, which in the means 
 Learned to forget the grossuess of the end, 
 Best pleasured with its own activity. 
 
 Coleridye, Reliyious Musinys. 
 
 UNSENTENCED, not definitively pro- 
 nounced : now only applied to persons. 
 
 The King . . . privately marrietb. her within 
 few days after his return, the divorce being 
 yet unsentenced betwixt him and the Queen. 
 Heylin, Reformation, ii. 61. 
 
 UNSENTIMENTAL, matter of fact ; not 
 sentimental. 
 
 Never man had a more unsentimental 
 mother than mine. Miss Uronte, Villette, 
 ch. xx. 
 
 UNSEQUESTERED, free ; untamed. 
 
 His unsequestred spirit so supported him 
 that some of his adversaries frowned because 
 he could smile under so great vexatious. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. iii. 4. 
 
 UNSERVICE, want of service ; idleness. 
 You tax us for unservice, lady. 
 
 Massinyer, Par I. of Love, i. 5. 
 
 UNSERVICELIKE, unlike those who 
 would render service ; disrespectful. 
 
 They see how unservice-like our service is ! 
 Andrewes, ii. 341. 
 
 UNSEVEN, a curious expression of 
 Fuller's to denote the reduction of the 
 seven sacraments to a less number. 
 
 As for confirmation of the children of 
 English Catholiques, he much decryed the 
 necessity thereof, though not so far as to 
 unseven the Sacraments of the Church of 
 Rome. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. ii. 9. 
 
 UNSEXUAL, not belonging to the sex. 
 As in the extract women are referred 
 to, wisexual = masculine. 
 
 In the last (but still more in the penulti- 
 mate) generation, any tincture of literature, 
 of liberal curiosity about science, or of en- 
 nobling interest in books, carried with it an 
 air of something unsexual, mannish, and (as 
 it was treated by the sycophantish satirists 
 that for ever humour the pievailing folly) of 
 something ludicrous. De Quincey, Autob. 
 Sketches, i. 357. 
 
 UNSHELL, to give birth to ; also, to 
 release. II. has unshelled, with quota- 
 tion from Sheridan. 
 
 Of him and none but him . . . have I took, 
 sent, or come in the wind of, that ever Yar-
 
 UNSHENT 
 
 ( 697 ) 
 
 UNSPELL 
 
 mouth unshelled or ingendred. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stujfe (Harl. Misc., vi. 157). 
 
 There I remained [behind a nailed-up 
 chimney-board] till half-past seven the next 
 morning, when the housemaid's sweetheart, 
 who was a carpenter, unshelled me. Sketches 
 by Boz ( Watkins Tattle). 
 
 UNSHENT, unblamed. 
 Ho ! all ye females that would live unshent, 
 Fly from the reach of Cyned's regiment. 
 
 Hall, Satires, IV. i. 130. 
 For in our deeds, which Reason might re- 
 
 proue, 
 
 We scape vnshent if they were done in loue. 
 Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 25. 
 
 UNSHIFTABLE, shiftless ; helpless. 
 
 These fools, while they live in health and 
 prosperity, never think of the evil day ; and 
 when away they see they must go, how un- 
 shif table are they ! Ward, Sermons, p. 67. 
 
 UNSHOT, not fired. The Diets, have 
 the word = not hit by shot, with quota- 
 tion from Waller. 
 
 The Scots fled from their ordnance, leav- 
 ing them unshot. Expedition into Scotland, 
 1544 (Eny. Garner, i. 125). 
 
 UNSHUTTER, to take down or put 
 back the shutters. 
 
 He unshuttered the little lattice-window. 
 Huyhes, Tom Jtrown at Oxford, ch. xvii. 
 
 UNSHY, confident. 
 
 It would he doing Mr. Solmes a spite to 
 wish him such a shy, unshy girl ; another of 
 your contradictory qualities ; I leave you to 
 make out what I mean by it. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, ii. 50. 
 
 UNSIMPLICITY, cunning. 
 
 Eustace . . . went home flattering himself 
 that he had taken in parson, clerk, and 
 people ; not knowing in his simple unsim- 
 plicity and cunning foolishness that each 
 good wife in the parish was saying to the 
 other, "He turned Protestant! the devil 
 turned monk ! " Kingsley, Westward Ho, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 UNSING, to recant what had been 
 sung. 
 
 They soon their new deliverer despise ; 
 Say all their prayers back, their joys disown, 
 Unsing their thanks, and pull their trophies 
 
 down. 
 
 Defoe, True-Born Englishman, Pt. II. 
 
 UNSISTER, to sever the sisterly rela- 
 tion. Of. SISTER. 
 
 1st Gent. The Queen (tho' some say 
 they be much divided) took her hand, call'd 
 her sweet sister, aiid kiss'd not her alone, 
 but all the ladies of her following. 
 
 2nd Gent. Ay, that was in her hour of 
 joy ; there will be plenty to sunder and un- 
 
 sisttr them again. Tennyson, Queen Mary, 
 I. i. 
 
 UNSISTERLY, unbecoming a sister. 
 See extract s. v. UNDAUGHTERLY. 
 
 UNSKILL, ignorance. 
 Even light Pirrhon's wavering fantasies 
 Reave him the skill his vnskill to agnize. 
 Sylvester, Eden, p. 277. 
 
 UNSLEEK, rough ; dishevelled. 
 Then she that saw him lying unsleek, un- 
 shorn, 
 
 Gaunt as it were the skeleton of himself, 
 Utter'd a little tender dolorous cry. 
 
 Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
 
 UNSLUMBROUS, sleepless. 
 How sickening, how dark the dreadful leisure 
 Of weary days made deeper exquisite, 
 By a foreknowledge of unslumbrous night. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. I. 
 
 UNSMUTTY, not obscene. 
 
 The expression of his Theodore was 
 altogether unsmutty. Collier, English Stage, 
 p. 54. 
 
 UNSOULCLOGGED, not weighed down 
 in spirit. 
 
 Learned men vn-soule-clogd, (as it were,) 
 With servile giues of Kings imperious fear. 
 Sylvester, the Captaines, p. 1022. 
 
 UNSOUNDY, unsound ; a form that 
 may be supposed to be due to the 
 exigencies of rhyme. 
 
 Her eyne gowndy 
 Are full vnsoundy. 
 
 Skelton, Elynour Rummin (Harl. Misc., 
 i. 416). 
 
 UNSPARED, indispensable. 
 
 No physician then cures of himself, no 
 more than the hand feeds the mouth The 
 meat doth the one, the medicine doth the 
 other ; though the physician and the hand 
 be unspared instruments to their several 
 purposes. Adams, i. 381. 
 
 UNSPECTACLED, without spectacles. 
 
 Many a nose spectacled and unspectacled 
 was popped out of the adjoining windows. 
 Scott, S. Ronan's Well, ch. xiv. 
 
 UNSFEEDY, slow. 
 
 The water being ever thicke, as if lately 
 troubled, and passing along with a mute and 
 vnspeedy current. Sandys, Travels, p. 117. 
 
 UNSPELL, to release from enchant- 
 ment or to reverse an incantation. The 
 lines in the second extract are from 
 that part of the poem which was writ- 
 ten by Tate. 
 
 Her. Sure w'are enchanted, and all we 
 see's illusion.
 
 UNSPOIL 
 
 ( 698 ) 
 
 UN SUIT 
 
 Cam. Allow me, Henrique, to unspell these 
 charms. Take, Advent, of Five Hours, 
 ActV. 
 
 Such practices as these, too gross to lie, 
 Long unobserved by each discerning eye, 
 The more judicious Israelites unspelled, 
 Though still the charm the giddy rabble 
 
 held. Absalom and Achitophel, Pt. II. 117. 
 
 UNSPOIL, to correct the injury done 
 by over indulgence: the Diets, have 
 only the past participle. 
 
 " I am quite spoiled I believe," said Helen, 
 " you must unspoil me, Esther." Miss Edge- 
 icorth, Helen, ch. xliii. 
 
 UNSPORTFUL, melancholy. 
 
 " A Bepublic ! " said the Seagreen, with 
 one of his dry, husky, unsportful laughs, 
 " what is that ? "Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. 
 Bk. IV. ch. iv. 
 
 UNSPORTSMANLIKE, unlike a sports- 
 man. In the first extract it is printed 
 as two words. 
 
 On which he to his comrades cried, See, ho ! 
 Then jumped unsportsman like upon his hare. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 63. 
 " Carry it with the muzzle to the ground," 
 replied Mr. Pickwick. " It's so unsportsman- 
 like" reasoned "Winkle. Pickidck Papers, 
 ch. xix. 
 
 UNSPREAD, not diffused. 
 
 " I have sinned," she said, 
 " Unquickened, unspread 
 My fire dropt down, and I wept on my 
 knees." Mrs. Browning, Confessions. 
 
 UNSTABLED, disestablished, and so 
 
 freed ; also, not put up in a stable. 
 
 Our hearts be unstabled of these bestial lusts. 
 
 Adams, i. 326. 
 
 Behold the branchless tree, the unstabled 
 
 Kosinaute ! C. Bronte, Villette, ch. xxxix. 
 
 UNSTANCHED, is used rather peculiarly 
 in the extract = not weather-tight. 
 
 The elements . . came pouring from un- 
 stanched roofs. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, 
 i. 378. 
 
 UNSTARCH, to relax. 
 
 He cannot unstarch his gravity. Kenneths 
 Erasmus, Praise of Folly, p. 35. 
 
 UNSTARTLED, calm ; unalarmed. 
 The 'ploughman following sad his meagre 
 
 team 
 Turned up fresh sculls unstartled. 
 
 Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 UNSTATIONED, having no fixed sta- 
 tion. 
 
 Though I could give their ships informa- 
 tion how to avoid our squadrons, yet they 
 fell into the bands of unstationed privateers. 
 Johnston, Chrysal, i. 23. 
 
 UNSTEEL, to disarm ; soften. 
 
 Why then should this enervating pity 
 unsteel my foolish heart? Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, v. 310. 
 
 UNSTERCORATED, unmanured. See 
 extract s. v. STERCORATED. 
 
 UNSTICK, to loose or disengage. 
 
 The other [foot] riveted to its native earth, 
 bemired . . beyond the possibility of unstick- 
 ing itself. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, vii. 380. 
 
 UNSTOUT. weak. 
 
 A Lacedemonian taken prisoner was asked 
 of one at Athens, whether they were stoute 
 fellowes that were slayne or no, of the 
 Lacedemonians : he answered nothing els 
 but this: Make moche of those shaftes of 
 youres, for they knowe neyther stoute nor 
 vnstoute ; meanynge thereby that no mau 
 (though he were neuer so stout) came in 
 their walke, that escaped without death. 
 Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 75. 
 
 UNSTOWED, emptied ; like the hold of 
 a ship which has discharged its cargo. 
 
 "When they found my hold unstowed, they 
 went all hands to shooling and begging. 
 Smollett, Rod. Random, ch. xli. 
 
 UNSUBDDABLE, invincible. 
 
 Stern patience unsubduable by pain. 
 
 Soutliey, Kehama, xviii. 5. 
 A monster unsubduable 
 Of any save of him for whom I call'd. 
 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 UN-SUB-PRESBYTERY, a curious com- 
 pound of Gauden's; meaning a pres- 
 bytery not subject to Bishops. 
 
 Factions, confusions are the genuine 
 fruites of an un-sub-Presh/tery, as indeed of 
 all Government which is made up with 
 parity or equality. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 449. 
 
 UNSUBSCRIBED, unsigned. 
 
 A call for supper makes me leave my 
 paper unsubscribed. Richardson, Grandison, 
 vi. 333. 
 
 UNSUBSTANTIALITY, that which is 
 temporary or shadowy. 
 
 Something of unsubstantiality and un- 
 certainty had beset my hopes. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xxiv. 
 
 UNSUED, unasked. 
 
 Gillias . . . rewarded deserts unsued to. 
 Adams, i. 483. 
 
 UNSUIT, to unfit. 
 
 The sprightly twang of the melodious lute 
 Agrees not with my voice ; and both unsuit 
 My untuned fortunes. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, IV. xv. 4.
 
 UNSUNNY ( 699 ) UNTRENCHED 
 
 UNSUNNY, gloomy. 
 
 We marvel at thee much, 
 O damsel, wearing this unsunny face 
 To him who won thee glory. 
 
 Tennyson, Pelleas and Ettare. 
 
 UNSUPEESCEIBED, undirected. 
 
 This angry letter was accompanied with 
 one from my mother, unsealed, and un- 
 superscribed also. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 i. 181. 
 
 UNSUSPECTEDNESS, state of not being 
 suspected. 
 
 By transferring the fact on the then most 
 innocent Puritans, they hoped not onely to 
 decline the odium of so hellish a designe, 
 but also (by the strangenesse of the act, and 
 unsuspectednesse of the actors) to amuze all 
 men. Fuller, Ch. Hist., X. ii. 27. " 
 
 UNTACKLE, to unharness. Tusser 
 says, in relation to cattle, 
 
 But vse to vntackle them once in a day. 
 
 Husbandrie, p. 62. 
 
 UNTALENTED, not clever. 
 
 This is the sort of stuff you must be 
 satisfied with from a poor untalented girl. 
 Eichardson, Grandison, vii. 6. 
 
 UNTAME, wild. Chapman (Iliad, viii. 
 41) calls M. Ida "nurse of beasts 
 untame." 
 
 UNTAPPICE, to drive out of cover: 
 a hunting term. N. quotes Massinger, 
 Very Woman, III. v., where it is used 
 as a neuter verb, and means to come 
 out of concealment, and says he has 
 not met with it elsewhere. 
 
 "What, sir, do you mean at the unkennell- 
 ing, untapeziny, or earthing of the fox? 
 Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (1606). 
 
 UNTEMPER, to relax ; to destroy the 
 temper or virtue of anything. The 
 Diets, only have the past participle. 
 
 The study of sciences does more soften 
 and untemper the courages of men than any 
 way fortifie and incite them. Cotton, Mon- 
 taigne's Essays, ch. six. 
 
 UNTENANT, to evict ; dislodge. 
 
 He gets possession of their affections, 
 whence all the power of man cannot un- 
 tenant him. Adams, i. 202. 
 Those blind omniscients, those almighty 
 
 slaves 
 Untenanting creation of its God. 
 
 Coleridge, Destiny of Nations. 
 
 UNTERRIFIC, not terrifying. 
 
 Not unterrific was the aspect ; but we 
 looked on it like brave youths. Carlyle, 
 S((rtor Resartus, Bk. II. ch. iii. 
 
 UNTHINKER, a thoughtless person. 
 
 Thinkers and unthinkers by the million 
 are spontaneously at their post, doing what 
 is in them. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. IV. 
 ch. i. 
 
 UNTHIRSTY, not thirsty. 
 
 Your thriving softness and your cluster'd 
 kisses growing on the lips of love devour'd 
 with an unthirsty infant's appetite ! O forbid 
 it, Love ! Ciuber, Love makes a man, Act II. 
 
 UNTIED, dissolute ; relaxed from re- 
 straint : the use of the word in the 
 extract is rather peculiar. 
 
 There were excesses to many committed 
 in a time so vntied as this was. Daniel, 
 Hist, of Ena., p. 114 
 
 UNTIMEOUS, untimely. R. has un- 
 timeoiisly, with a quotation from Kenil- 
 worth, eh. xv. Is the word peculiar to 
 Scott? 
 
 It required all the authority supported by 
 threats which Quentin could exert over him, 
 to restrain his irreverent and untimeous 
 jocularity. Quentin Durward, i. 304. 
 
 UN-TlTANED, sunless. 
 Thy torch will burn more clear 
 In night's un-Titan'd hemisphere ; 
 Heaven's scornful flames and thine can 
 never co-appear. 
 
 Quarles, Emblems, ii. 1. 
 
 UNTONED, relaxed ; put out of tone. 
 The extract is from a poem quoted at 
 length in Nares's Thinks I to Myself. 
 Is there a hope that o'er this unton'd frame 
 Awakened Health her wonted glow shall 
 
 spread ? Hie Suicide. 
 
 UNTONGUE, to silence. 
 
 Such who commend him in making, con- 
 demn him in keeping such a diary about him 
 in so dangerous days. Especially he ought 
 to untonyue it from talking to his prejudice. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. ix. 77. 
 
 UNTORTURED, not tormented. See 
 extract s. v. UNDISTRESSED. 
 
 UNTRAGIC, not tragic ; and so, ludi- 
 crous. 
 
 Emblems not a few of the tragic and the 
 untrayic sort. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. 
 V. ch. xii. 
 
 UNTREMULOUS, steady. 
 
 Here was the seal, round, full, deftly 
 dropped by untremulous fingers. Miss 
 Bronte, Villette, ch. xxi. 
 
 UNTRENCHED, intact. 
 
 Let him fetch some sage, honest policy, 
 and such as may stand with an untrenched 
 conscience. Adams, ii. 467.
 
 UNTRIPED 
 
 UNWHJRLED 
 
 UNTRIPED, disembowelled. 
 
 Those . . had escaped out of the broil and 
 defeat wherein Tripet was untriped. Urqu- 
 hart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xliii. 
 
 UNTRUISM, a false statement. 
 
 A preaching clergyman can revel in plati- 
 tudes, truisms, and untruisms. Trollope, 
 Barchester Towers, ch. vi. 
 
 UNTRUMPETED, not famed or made 
 much of. 
 
 [They] lived untrumpeted, and died un- 
 sung. Ueade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. i. 
 
 UNTRUNKED, cut off from the trunk. 
 See extract s. v. HARSH. 
 UNTOMULTUATED, undisturbed. 
 
 They were left to their free votes and un- 
 tumultuated suffrages. Gauden, Tears of the 
 Church, p. 107. 
 
 UNTURBANED, without a turban. 
 Unturban'd and unsandall'd there 
 Abdaldar stood. 
 
 Southey, Thalala, Bk. II. 
 
 UNUNDERSTOOD, not comprehended. 
 Fuller says that in most parishes of 
 Wales English was " utterly ununder- 
 stood" (Ch. Hist., IX. i. 50). 
 
 UNUNIVERSITY, to deprive of an 
 university. 
 
 Northampton was ununiversitied, the schol- 
 ars therein returning to the place from whence 
 they came. Fuller, Hist, of Camb. Univ., 
 i. 50. 
 
 UNUSUALITY, unwontedness ; eccen- 
 tricity. 
 
 It is to be said of Sallust, far more plaus- 
 ibly than of Carlyle, that his obscurity, his 
 unvsuality of expression, and his Laconism 
 . . bore the impress of his genius, and were 
 but a portion of his unaffected thought. 
 E. A. Poe, Marginalia, Ivi. 
 
 UNUTTERABILITY, that which cannot 
 be spoken. 
 
 They come with hot unuiteralrilities in their 
 heart. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. I. ch. iii. 
 
 UNVALUABLE usually means inestim- 
 able, but in the extract = worthless. 
 
 If nature . . deny health, how unvaluable 
 are their riches. Adams, i. 424. 
 
 UNVARIANT, unchanging. 
 
 His mynd vnuariant doth stand. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iv. 472. 
 
 UNVENOMOUS, not poisonous. R. has 
 unvenomed. 
 
 Their error is not solitary, nor the sting 
 of their schisme either soft, or blunt, or 
 unvenomous. Gauden, Tears of the Church, 
 p. 297. 
 
 UNVERACITY, untruthfulness. 
 
 Lord Clarendon, a man of sufficient un- 
 veracity of heart, to whom indeed whatsoever 
 has direct veracity of heart is more or less 
 horrible, speaks always in official language. 
 Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 62. 
 
 UNVICAR, to deprive of a vicar's 
 position. 
 
 If I had your authority, I would be so bold 
 to unvicar him. Strype, Cranmer, Bk. II. 
 ch. vii. 
 
 UNVOIDABLE, irreversible. 
 
 He will from on high pronounce that un- 
 voidable sentence. Bailey, Erasm. Colloq., p. 
 173. 
 
 UNVOLUPTUOUS, free from volup- 
 tuousness. 
 
 He had written stanzas as pastoral and 
 unvoluptuous as his flute-playing. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xxiii. 
 
 UNVOWED, not vowed. 
 If vnuowed to another Order, ... he vows 
 in this order. Sandys, Travels, p. 229. 
 
 UNWALKABLE, unfit for walking. 
 
 How teased I am, my dearest Padre, by 
 this eternal unwcdkable weather. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, vii. 7. 
 
 UNWALKING, not given to walking. 
 I am so unwalking that prospects are more 
 agreeable to me when framed and glazed, 
 and I look at them through a window. 
 Walpole, Letters, iv. 486 (1789). 
 
 UNWALLET, to take out of a wallet. 
 
 The lacquey laughed, unsheathed his cala- 
 bash, and unicalleted his cheese. Jarvis's 
 Don Quixote, Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. xiv. 
 
 UNWANING, not fading or diminish- 
 ing. 
 
 Hope sprang forth like a full-born Deity, 
 
 "With light umcaninc/ on her eyes. 
 
 Coleridge, To Wordsworth. 
 
 UNWARNEDLY, without notice. 
 
 They be suddenly and unwarnedly brought 
 forth to be apposed of their adversaries. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 68 (Exam, of W. 
 Thorpe). 
 
 UNWEALTHY, poor. 
 
 My father vnwelthy mee sent, then a prittye 
 page, hither. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 98. 
 
 UNWHIRLED, not whirled or hurried. 
 
 To make an example of him as the first 
 Shandy unwhirVd about Europe in a post- 
 chaise, and only because he was a heavy lad, 
 would be using him ten times worse than a 
 Turk. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iii. 237.
 
 UNWILD 
 
 ( 701 ) 
 
 UPDIVE 
 
 UNWILD, to tame/ 
 Abel desirous still at hand to keep 
 His milk and cheese, vntcildes the gentle 
 
 sheep. Sylvester, Handle Crafts, 277. 
 
 UNWILFUL, undesigned. 
 
 We are ever ready to make excuses, when 
 in good humour with ourselves, for the per- 
 haps not unwilfvl slights of those whose 
 approbation we wish to engage. Richardson, 
 Cl. Harlowe, i. 8. 
 
 UNWILLED, deprived of volition ; 
 relaxed. 
 
 Now, your will is all unwilled. 
 
 Mrs. Eroicniny, Duchess May. 
 
 UNWINNING, unconciliatory. 
 He lost their affections, pride being an 
 umvinniny quality. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. ii. 7. 
 
 UNWONDER, to explain an apparent 
 marvel ; unwondering = not wonder- 
 ing. 
 
 Whilest Papists crie up this his incredible 
 continency, others easily unwonder the same, 
 by imputing it partly to his impotence 
 afflicted with an infirmitie, partly to the dis- 
 taste of his wife. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. vi. 17. 
 
 Here I must admire one thing, and shall 
 be thankful to such who cure my wonder by 
 shewing me the cause of that I wonder at. 
 [In the margin] Unwonder me this wonder. 
 Ibid., Hist, of Canib. Univ., i. 18. 
 When on the moon he first began to peep, 
 The wondering world pronounced the gazer 
 
 deep ; 
 
 But wiser now, the umcondering world, alas ! 
 Gives all poor Herschel's glory to his glass. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 236. 
 
 UNWORTH, unworthiness. R. has it 
 as an adjective. 
 
 Those superstitious blockheads of the 
 twelfth century had reverence for Worth, 
 abhorrence of Umcorth. Carlyle, Past and 
 Present, Bk. II. ch. ix. 
 
 UNWRATHFDLLY, patiently ; without 
 anger. 
 
 This' historic . . might well be rekened in 
 the nombre of thinges vmcrathfully and 
 prudently doen. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 316. 
 
 UNYIELDINGNESS, obstinacy; inflexi- 
 bility. 
 
 Upon the haughtinesse of King William, 
 looking to be satisfied in all his demaunds, 
 and the vnyeeldingnesse of King Malcolm, 
 .... nothing was effected. Daniel, Hist, of 
 Encj., p. 47. 
 
 UP AND DOWN, in every respect. Cf. 
 the modern slang "down to the ground." 
 
 He [Phocion] was euen Socrates vp and 
 downe in this pointe and behalfe, that no 
 
 man euer sawe hym either laughe or weepe. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 324. 
 
 UFA VENTURE, in case. 
 
 They bade me that I should be busy in all 
 my wits to go as near the sentence and the 
 words as I could, both that were spoken to 
 me and that I spake, upaventure this writing 
 came another time before the archbishop 
 and his council. Bale, Select Works, p. QQ 
 (Exam, of W. Thorpe). 
 
 UP-BLAZE, to burn or flash up. 
 
 The solitary hermit prunes 
 His lamp's long undulating Same : 
 
 And now its wavy point 
 Up-blazing rose. 
 
 Soutliey, Thalaba, Bk. VI. 
 
 UpBOTCH,to patch up, or put together. 
 Stanyhurst (Conceites, p. 137) describes 
 Vulcan's three smiths as " vpbotching 
 ... a clapping fyrebolt." 
 
 UPBRAID. Food which produces 
 flatulence and eructation is said to up- 
 braid or reprove the eater. See ABRAID. 
 
 Midas, unexperienst of the nature of it 
 [the herring] (for he was a foole that had 
 asses eares), snappt it up at one blow, and 
 because in the boyling or scathing of it in 
 his maw he felt it commotion a little and 
 upbraide him, he thought he had eaten golde 
 indeede. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Misc.. 
 vi. 166). 
 
 UPBRAID, a reproach. 
 [He] .... with his mind had known 
 Much better the upbraids of men. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, vi. 389. 
 
 UPBRINGING, education. 
 Let me not quarrel with my upbringing. 
 Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. II. ch. ii. 
 
 UPBUOYANCE, support ; lifting up. 
 Me rather, bright guests, with your wings of 
 
 upbuoyance 
 Bear aloft to your homes, to your banquets 
 
 of joy&uce. Coleridge, I'isit of the Gods. 
 
 UPCURL, to wreathe or curl upwards. 
 High high in heaven upcurl'd 
 The dreadful sand-spouts mov'd. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. IV. 
 And thro' the wreaths of floating dark up- 
 
 curVd, 
 Rare sunrise flow'd. 
 
 Tennyson, The Poet. 
 
 UPDIVE, to dive up ; rise to the sur- 
 face. 
 
 Plunge thee ore head and eares in Helicon, 
 Dyue to the bottome of that famous fludd, 
 Although it were as deepe as Acheron, 
 Thence make thy fame vp-dive, although 
 
 withstood 
 
 With weedes of Ignorance, and Envie's 
 mudd. Davies, Microcosaws, p. 81.
 
 UP-FLOW ( 702 ) 
 
 UPSTART 
 
 UP-FLOW, to ascend ; stream up. 
 No eye beheld the fount 
 Of that up-Jlowing flame. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. II. 
 
 UPEASP, to hasp or fasten up. 
 Stanyhurst (JEn., iv. 254) speaks of 
 Mercury as " bye Death eyelyd vphasp- 
 ing" 
 
 UPHILT, to plunge to the hilt. 
 His blad he with thrusting in his old 
 
 dwynd carcas vphilted. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 577. 
 
 UPHOLDER, broker. 
 
 We forthwith began to class and set apart 
 the articles designed for sale under the direc- 
 tion of an upholder from London. Smollett, 
 Humphrey Clinker, ii. 190. 
 
 UPHOLSTERED, furnished ; decked by 
 upholsterers. 
 
 Farewell thou old Chateau, with thy up- 
 holstered rooms ! Carlyle, Misc., iv. 97. 
 
 UPHDRL, to toss up violently. 
 Thee wals God Neptune with mace three- 
 f orcked vphurleth. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 633. 
 
 UPLAY, to overturn. R. and L. have 
 the word = to lay up in store, with 
 quotation from Donne. 
 Then dyd I marck playnely thee castel of 
 
 Ilion vplayd, 
 And Troian buyldings quit topsy turuye 
 
 remooued. Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 648. 
 
 UPPEAK, to rise in a peak. 
 
 Thee shoare neere setled apeered, 
 And hils vppeakiny. 
 
 Stanyhurst, &n., iii. 209. 
 
 UPPILED, heaped up. 
 A mount, not wearisome and bare and steep, 
 But a green mountain variously uppiled. 
 
 Coleridge, To a Youny Friend. 
 Rock above rock, and mountain ice up-pil'd 
 On mountain. Southey, 2'lialala, Bk. II. 
 
 UPPING. The swan companies an- 
 nually used to take up the swans for 
 the purpose of marking them the 
 term is now often corrupted to swan- 
 hopping. 
 
 The master of the game, or his deputy, is 
 to have a penny for lipping every white swan, 
 and two pence for every cygnet. Laws and 
 Customs of Swans, 1631 (Harl. Misc., iii. 377). 
 
 UPPISH, arrogant. Johnson calls it 
 a low word, and gives no example. L. 
 only reproduces Johnson. Mrs. Trol- 
 lope spells it with one p. 
 
 Half -pay officers at the parade very uppish 
 upon the death of the King of Spain. T. 
 Brown, Works, i. 154. 
 
 It seems daring to rail at informers, pro- 
 jectors, and officers was not uppish enough, 
 but his Lordship must rise so high as daring 
 to limit the power and revenue of the Crown. 
 North, Examen, p. 48. 
 
 She is a bedridden woman, and ought to be 
 in the workhouse ; but she's upish, and can't 
 abide it. Mrs. Trollope, Michael Armstrong, 
 ch. iii. 
 
 UPROAR, to make an uproar. Shake- 
 speare, as quoted by R. and L., has it 
 as an active verb (Macbeth, IV. iii.): 
 " uproar the world." 
 
 The man Danton was not prone to show 
 himself ; to act or uproar for his own safety. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VI. ch. ii. 
 
 UPRUSH, to rush upwards. 
 But ever the uprushing wind 
 Inflates the wings above. 
 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. XII. 
 
 UPSEEK, to seek or strain upwards. 
 Upseeking eyes suffus'd with transport-tears. 
 Southey, Thalaba, Bk. XII. 
 
 UPSIDES. To be upsides ivith to 
 be even with. 
 
 Nay, 'twarn't altogether spite, tho' I won't 
 say but what I might ha' thought o' bein' 
 upsides w? them. Hughes, Tom Brown at 
 Oxford, ch. xxxix. 
 
 UPSITTING, the sitting up of a woman 
 to see her friends after her confine- 
 ment ; the feast held on such an occa- 
 sion. 
 
 We will have such a lying-in, and such a 
 christening ; such upsittiny and gossiping. 
 JSroome, Jovial Crew, Act II. 
 
 UPSNATCH, to take up quickly or 
 violently. 
 
 Snap the tipstaffe which came and up- 
 snached him. Edicards, Damon and Pithias 
 (Dodsley, O. PI., i. 246). 
 
 UPSOAKED, exhausted (?),or thorough- 
 ly possessed (?). 
 Lyke rauening woolfdams vpsoackt and 
 
 gaunted in hunger. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., ii. 366. 
 
 UPSPEAR, to root up ; destroy ; also, 
 to spring up in a point. 
 
 Adam by hys pryde ded Paradyse vpspeare. 
 Sale, Enterlude of Johan Bapt., 1538 (Harl. 
 Misc., i. 114). 
 
 The bents 
 
 And coarser grass, uptpearing o'er the rest. 
 Coicper, Winter Morning Walk, 23. 
 
 UPSTART. See extract for jocular 
 derivation. Startups were high shoes
 
 UPSY-TURVY ( 703 ) 
 
 UXORIAL 
 
 worn by the peasantry. Cf. HIGH 
 
 SHOES. 
 
 In faith, goodman goosecap, you that are 
 come from the startups, and therefore is 
 called an tip-start, quasi start up from clouted 
 shoone. Greene, Quip for an Upstart Courtier 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 402). 
 
 UPSY-TURVY, topsy-turvy. 
 There found I all was upsy-turvy turned. 
 
 Greene, James the Fourth, iii. 3. 
 
 UPTAILS ALL, confusion ; high jinks. 
 In the first extract uptails all = good 
 fellows ; revellers. 
 
 Feel, my uptails-all,feel my weapon. 
 
 Dekker, Satiromastix (Hawkins, 
 
 Eno. Dr., iii. 170). 
 Love he doth call 
 For his uptailes all. 
 
 Hemck, Hesperides, p. 265. 
 
 UPTHUNDER, to send up a loud noise 
 like thunder. 
 Central fires through nether seas upthunder- 
 
 iny. Coleridge, To the departing Year. 
 
 UPTRILL, to sing or trill in a high 
 voice. 
 
 But when the long-breathed singer's uptrilled 
 
 strain 
 
 Bursts in a squall, they gape for wonder- 
 ment. Coleridge, In a Concert-Room. 
 
 UP WITH, to raise. H. notices this 
 use of the adverb, but in the extract 
 " up " is inflected like a verb not an 
 uncommon colloquial usage still. 
 
 So saying, she ups tcith her brawny arm 
 and gave Susy ... a douse on the side of the 
 head. H. Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 82. 
 
 URCHIN, used adjectivally as a term 
 of contempt trumpery. 
 
 Our Bishop . . . made himself merry with 
 the conceit how easie it was to stride over 
 such urchin articles. No man would find 
 leisure to read the whole 36, they are so 
 frivolous. Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 91. 
 
 USHERLESS, freely ; without cere- 
 mony. Sylvester speaks of a " homely 
 cottage," 
 "Where vsherless, both day and night, the 
 
 North, 
 South. East, and "West windes enter and goe 
 
 forth. Handie Crafts, 88. 
 
 USURARY, usurious. 
 
 How odious and severely interdicted usu- 
 rary contracts have been in all times. Up. 
 Hall, Works, vii. 373. 
 
 USURPANT, usurping. 
 
 Some factious and insolent Presbyters 
 ventured to be extravagant and usurpant. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 473. 
 
 USDRPATURE, usurpation. 
 
 For first she had shot up a full head in 
 stature, 
 
 And her step kept pace with mine nor fal- 
 tered, 
 
 As if age had foregone its usurpature. 
 
 Browning, Fliyht of the Duchess. 
 
 USURPRESS, female usurper. 
 
 She is a double usurpresse in detaining 
 not onely Elaina from her right, but the very 
 fish of the sea also from their habitation. 
 Howell, Dodona's Grove, p. 19. 
 
 UTOPIANISER, former of an Utopia ; 
 a builder of castles in the air. 
 
 Like most Utopianisers, the legislator of 
 this Columbia had placed his absolute King 
 and his free people under such strict laws 
 . . . that the duties of the legislative body 
 were easy indeed. Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 ccxli. 
 
 UTTERABLE, capable of being uttered. 
 
 "When his woe became utterabk, he wrung 
 his hands, and groaning aloud, called out, 
 Art thou gone so soon;' Mad. D'Arblay, 
 Cecilia, Bk. X. ch. viii. 
 
 UTTERMORE, outer or further ; comp. 
 of utter, uttermost. 
 
 Foure huge stones, of pyramidall forme. 
 . . . The two pyramids in the middest . . . 
 did almost touch one another : the uttermore 
 stand not farre off, yet almost in equall dis- 
 tance from these on both sides. Holland's 
 Camden, p. 701. 
 
 UVULARLY, with a thick voice, as 
 when the uvula is too long. 
 
 Number Two laughed (very uvularly), and 
 the skirmishers followed suit. Dickens, Un- 
 commercial Traveller, iii. 
 
 UXORIAL, pertaining to a wife. In 
 the second quotation it rather = uxori- 
 ous. 
 
 Favorinus . . . calls this said stata forma 
 the beauty of wives, the uxorial beauty. 
 Lytton, My Novel, Bk. IV. ch. i. 
 
 Riccaboicca, the wiliest and most relentless 
 of men in his maxims, melted into absolute 
 ujrorial imbecility at the sight of that mute 
 distress. Ibid., Bk. YIII. ch. xii.
 
 VACILLATORY ( 704 ) 
 
 VAPOUR 
 
 VACILLATORY, vacillating; uncertain. 
 
 If ever such vacillatory accounts of affairs 
 of state, kings, and monarchies were given 
 in print before, I am mistaken. North, 
 Examen, p. 25. 
 
 VAGABOND, to wander like a vaga- 
 bond. 
 
 "Why is he not in my counting-house at 
 Amsterdam, instead of vagabonding it out 
 yonder ? Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. Ivi. 
 
 VAGABONDIZE, to wander like a vaga- 
 bond. 
 
 How much earlier he would have found 
 her by staying quietly at Tergou, than by 
 vagabondizing it all over Holland. Reade, 
 Cloister and Hearth, ch. liii. 
 
 Then vagabondising came natural to you 
 from the beginning ? Dickens, Bleak House, 
 ch. xxi. 
 
 VACANCY, extravagance; a passing 
 beyond settled limits. 
 
 Our happiness may orb itself into a thou- 
 sand vagancies of glory and delight. Milton, 
 Reason of Church Government, ch. i. 
 
 VAGARISH, errant. 
 
 Although his mouth was most devout, 
 His eyes were oft vagarish. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 305. 
 
 VAGARY, to wander; to wind. 
 
 The marishes and lower grounds, lying 
 upon the three rivers that vagary up to her, 
 . . . are encreased in value more than halfe. 
 Nashe, Lenten Stujfe (Harl. Misc., vi. 155). 
 
 VAINFULL, vain; empty. Tusser 
 (Husbandrie, p. 10) says that the 
 country is " not so vainfull " as the 
 city. 
 
 VALANCHE, avalanche, q. v. Cf. VOL- 
 LENGR. 
 
 The great danger of travelling here when 
 the sun is up proceeds from what they call 
 the valanches. . . . Scarce a year passes in 
 which some mules and their drivers do not 
 perish by the valanches. Smollett, France 
 and Italy, Letter xxxviii. 
 
 VALE, to descend as a valley. 
 Heer vales a valley, there ascends a mountain. 
 Sylvester, Seventh day, first iceeke, 53 
 
 VALET, to attend as a valet. 
 
 He wore an old full - bottomed wig, the 
 gift of some dandy old Brown whom he had 
 valeted in the middle of last century. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. ii. 
 
 VALETUDINOUS, sickly. 
 
 Afrighted with the valetudinous condition 
 of King Edward, .... he returned to Ger- 
 many. Fuller, Hist, of Camb., vii. 35. 
 
 VALIANT, strong; powerful (applied 
 to a smell). 
 
 The scent thereof [garlic] is somewhat 
 valiant and offensive. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Cornwall (i. 206). 
 
 VALLAR, the crown given to the sol- 
 dier who first scaled the enemy's ram- 
 part. 
 
 Garlandes, vallares and muralles . . (as 
 touchyng honour) were farre aboue the 
 other thynges. Udal's Erasmus's ApopUth., 
 p. 284. 
 
 VALLEYLET, little valley. 
 
 The infinite ramification of stream and 
 valley, streamlet and valleylct. Greenwood, 
 Sain and Rivers (1866), p. 188. 
 
 VALUABLES, things of value. 
 
 But, inclining (with my usual cynicism) to 
 think that he did steal the valuables, think 
 of his life for the mouth or two whilst he 
 still remains in the service. Thackeray, 
 Roundabout Papers, xxxii. 
 
 VAMPOOSE, to decamp (slang). 
 Has he vampoosed with the contents of a 
 till? Kingsley, Two Years Ago, ch. i. 
 
 VAMPYRISM, conduct like that of 
 vampires. 
 
 Treason, delusion, vampyrism, scoundrel- 
 ism from Dan to Beersheba. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. ii. 
 
 VANITIED, affected with vanity. Cf. 
 MODESTIED in the same writer. 
 
 I am exasperated against your foolish, 
 your low-vanity'd Lovelace. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, iv. 86. 
 
 VAPORIFTC, steamy ; misty. 
 
 He has come in person, as he periodically 
 does ; vaporific, driven by his fixed-idea. 
 Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. vi. 
 
 VAPOROSITY, vapourousness ; misti- 
 ness. 
 
 He is here with his fixed-idea and volcanic 
 vaporosity. Carlyle, Diamond Necklace, ch. v. 
 
 VAPOUR, to dispirit; make melan- 
 choly. 
 
 She has lost all her sprightliness, and 
 vapours me but to look at her. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Camilla, Bk. V. ch. vi.
 
 VAPOURISHNESS ( 705 ) 
 
 VEND 
 
 VAPOURISHNESS, melancholy. 
 
 You will not wonder that the vapourish- 
 ness which has laid hold of my heart should 
 rise to my pen. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 iv. 41. 
 
 YARD I, an affected pronunciation 
 of verdict, apparently fashionable in 
 Swift's time, and ridiculed by him. 
 
 Lord Sp. Well, I fear Lady Answerall 
 can't live long ; she has so much wit. 
 
 Nev. No, she can't live, that's certain ; but 
 she may linger thirty or forty years. 
 
 Miss. Live long ! ay, longer than a cat, or 
 a dog, or a better thing. 
 
 Lady Ans. O, Miss, you must give your var- 
 di too. Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 VARIFY, to vary. 
 And yet three seuerall functions to Them 
 
 Three 
 
 Themselues assigne, their works to varifie. 
 Davies, Summa Totalis, p. 17. 
 
 May is seen 
 
 Suiting the lawns in all her pomp and pride 
 Of liuely colours louely varified. 
 
 Sylvester, The Magnificence, 661. 
 
 VARLETESS, female varlet: a con- 
 temptuous term. 
 
 Making such a confounded rout about 
 losing this noble varletess^ Richardson, Cl. 
 Harlowe, i. 218. 
 
 thou lurking varletess, Conscience ! 
 Ibid., iv. 245. 
 
 VARSAL, a vulgar corruption of uni- 
 versal. 
 
 1 believe there is not such another in the 
 varsal world. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. ii.). 
 
 Here was flying without any broom-sticks 
 or thing in the varsal world. Smollett, 
 Humphrey Clinker, i. 125. 
 
 VASSALATE, to reduce to a state of 
 vassalage or dependence. 
 
 Clergymen shall vassalate their consciences 
 to gratifie any potent party and novell fac- 
 tion. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 496. 
 
 VASTATE, wasted. 
 
 The vastate ruins of ancient monuments. 
 Adams, iii. 19. 
 
 VASTATOR, devastator. 
 
 The cunning Adversaries and Vastators of 
 the Church of England drive a lesser trade. 
 Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 86. 
 
 VASTELL BREAD. See quotation. The 
 Diets, have the word under the more 
 usual form wastel. 
 
 Sometimes the Abbot on great solemnities 
 graced them with his presence, when he had 
 vastellum, that is, not common bread, but 
 vastell bread or sinmels, for his diet. Fuller, 
 Ch. Hist., vi. p. 285. 
 
 VATICAL, prophetic. 
 
 Even that very ass, whereon thou rodest, 
 was prophesied of ; neither couldst thou 
 have made up those vatical predictions with- 
 out this conveyance. Up. Hall, Works, ii. 
 550. 
 
 VATICINATRESS, prophetess. 
 
 [There] was shown unto them the house 
 of the vaticinatress. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. 
 III. ch. xvii. 
 
 VEHICULATE, to convey. 
 
 Fiction, Imagination, Imaginative Poetry, 
 &c., &c., except as the vehicle for truth or 
 fact of some sort which surely a man 
 should first try various other ways of 
 vehiculating and conveying safe what is it ? 
 Carlyle, Past and Present, Bk. II. ch. i. 
 
 VEHICULATORY, designed for carry- 
 ing. 
 
 He would accumulate formidable appara- 
 tus, logical swim-bladders, transcendental 
 life-preservers, and other precautionary and 
 vehiculatory gear for setting out. Carlyle, 
 Life of Sterling, ch. viii. 
 
 VEILLESS, without a veil. 
 He drove the dust against her veilless eyes. 
 Tennyson, Geraint and Enid. 
 
 VEINLET, a little vein. 
 
 The work an unknown good man has done 
 is like a vein of water flowing hidden under- 
 ground, secretly making the ground green ; 
 it flows and flows, it joins itself with other 
 veips and veinlets ; one day it will start 
 forth as a visible perennial well. Ten dumb 
 centuries had made the speaking Dante; a 
 well he of many veinlets. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 206. 
 
 VEINOUS, veined ; with the veins 
 prominent. 
 
 He .... covered his forehead with his 
 large brown veinous hands. Dickens, Great 
 Expectations, ch. xxxix. 
 
 VEIZE. -See extract ; also K. s. v. 
 pheeze. 
 
 Some have confidently affirmed in my 
 hearing that the word to veize (that is, in the 
 West, to drive away with a Witness) had 
 its originall from his [Bp. Vesey of Exeter] 
 profligating of the lands of his Bishoprick ; 
 but I yet demurre to the truth hereof. 
 Fuller,' Worthies, Warvnck (ii. 410). 
 
 VELVETY, soft like velvet. 
 The beautiful velvety turf of the gardens. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. ssv. 
 
 VEND, sale. 
 
 She . . . has a great vend for them, and 
 for other curiosities which she imports. 
 Richardson, Cl. Harlou-e, iv. 165. 
 Z Z
 
 VENDUE 
 
 VERSABILITY 
 
 VENDUE, a sale. 
 
 I went ashore, and having purchased a 
 laced waistcoat, with some other cloaths, at 
 a vendue, made a swaggering figure. Smol- 
 lett, Rod. Random, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 VENERER, hunter. 
 Our venerers, prickers, and verderers. 
 
 Brmoning, Flight of the Duchess. 
 
 VENERY, gamej also, kennelf or hunt- 
 ing dogs. 
 
 They must have swine for their food, to 
 make their veneries or bacon of ; their bacon 
 is their venison, for they shall now have 
 hanyum tuum if they get any other venison ; 
 so that bacon is their necessary meat to feed 
 on, which they may not lack. Latimcr, i. 
 249. 
 
 The venery, where the beagles and hounds 
 were kept. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. Iv. 
 
 VENDIBLE, great. L. has it = re- 
 vengeful, but in the extract it = great ; 
 as we say, a great hand at doing this or 
 that. 
 
 Paulus .... was a venffible fellow in link- 
 ing matters together. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 78. 
 
 VENISONIVOROUS, devouring venison. 
 
 People are very venisonivorous. Sir G. C. 
 Lewis, Letters (1828), p. 10. 
 
 VENTLESS, without a vent or outlet. 
 Like to a restlesse, ventlesse flame of fire, 
 That faine would finde the way streight to 
 
 aspire. Davies, Microcosmos, p. 61. 
 
 VENTRILOQUE, ventriloquous ; speak- 
 ing from within. 
 
 And oft indeed the inward of that gate, 
 Most ventriloque, doth utter tender squeak. 
 Hood, Irish Schoolmaster. 
 
 VENTRILOQUIAL, speaking inwardly 
 as a ventriloquist does: the adjective in 
 the Diets, is ventriloquous. 
 
 The symphony began, and was soon after- 
 wards followed by a faint kind of ventrilo- 
 guial chirping. Sketches by Boz (Mistaken 
 Milliner). 
 
 VERANDA. See extract. In 1787 the 
 word seems to have been an unfamiliar 
 one in this country. Forty years later 
 [Miss Austen died in 1817] both name 
 and thing were common. 
 
 The other gate leads to what in this coun- 
 try [India] is called a veranda or feranda, 
 which is a kind of piazza or landing-place 
 before you enter the hall or inner apart- 
 ments. A rchaol., viii. 254 (1787). 
 
 Uppercross Cottage, with its veranda, 
 French windows, and other prettinesses was 
 . . likely to catch the traveller's eye. Miss 
 Austen, Persuasion, ch. v. 
 
 VERBARIAN, word-coiner. 
 
 In The Doctor, Southey gives himself free 
 scope as a verbarian Hall, Modern English, 
 p. 21. 
 
 VERDINGALE, a farthingale. 
 
 And busks, and verdinf/ales about their hips. 
 
 Hall, Satires, IV. vi. 10. 
 
 Above that went the taffaty or tabby 
 
 vardingale. Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. 
 
 Ivi. 
 
 VERDURE is used peculiarly in the 
 extract = taint or corruption ; the idea 
 seems to be that of the green rust on 
 copper, &c., verdigris, or perhaps of 
 meat turning colour. 
 
 Something they must have to complain of, 
 that shall give an unsavoury verdure to their 
 sweetest morsels. lip. Hall, Works, ii. 248. 
 
 VERDURED, covered with verdure. 
 
 One small circular island, profusely ver- 
 dured, reposed upon the bosom of the stream. 
 E. A. Poe, Island of the Fay. 
 
 VERIDICAL, veracious. 
 
 Who shall read this so veridical history. 
 Uryuhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxviii. 
 
 At Paris, by lying rumour which proved 
 prophetic and veridical, the fall of Verdun 
 was known some hours before it happened. 
 Ibid., Fr. Rev., Pt. III. Bk. I. ch. iv. 
 
 VERIMENT, truth. H. has the word, 
 with examples as an adverb. 
 Tell unto you 
 "What is veriment and true. 
 
 Greene, Friar Bacon, p. 164. 
 In verament and sincerity, I never crouded 
 through this confluent Herring-faire. Nashe, 
 Lenten Stitffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 162). 
 
 VERISIMILAR, like the truth ; pro- 
 bable. The Diets, have verisimilous. 
 
 How verisimilar it looks. Carlyle, Misc., 
 iv. 69. 
 
 VERMIN, to clear from vermin. 
 Get warrener bound 
 To vermin thy ground. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 72. 
 
 VERRINUS seems from the context 
 to have been a superior kind of tobacco. 
 But all the day long you do us the wrong, 
 When for Verrinus you bring us Mundungus ; 
 Your reckonings are large, your bottles are 
 
 small Merry Drollerie, p. 12. 
 
 VERSABILITY, versatility. 
 
 The use of auxiliaries is at O".ce to set the 
 soul a going by herself upon the materials 
 as they are brought her ; and by the ver- 
 sability of this great engine round which 
 they are twisted, to open new tracks of 
 enquiry, and make every idea engender 
 millions. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, iv. 137.
 
 VERSANT 
 
 ( 707 ) 
 
 VICE-BITTEN 
 
 VERSANT, versed. 
 
 The Bishop of London is . . thoroughly 
 versant in ecclesiastical law. Sydney Smith, 
 First Letter to Archd. Singleton. 
 
 VERSE, to turn ; revolve. 
 
 Who, versing in his mind this thought, can 
 keep his cheeks dry ? Adams, i. 344. 
 
 VERSE. Nares says verser " seems to 
 have been an occasional name for some 
 kind of gaming sharper. One gambler 
 says of another, evidently meaning to 
 be witty, on being asked whether he 
 can verse, Ay, and set too, my lord. 
 He s both a setter and a verser ' (Chap- 
 man, Mons. D 'Olive, iv. 1). Setter is 
 easily understood ; . . . what a verser 
 was to do is not so clear." The extract 
 may throw some light on this ; at least 
 the verb seems to be used of a cheat- 
 ing parasite; one who turns with his 
 patron's humour (?). 
 
 We goe so neate in apparell, so orderly in 
 outward appearance, some like lawyers' 
 clarks, others like serving-men, that attend 
 there about their masters' businesse, that we 
 are hardly smoakt; versing upon all men 
 with kind courtesies and faire wordes, and 
 yet being so warily watchf ull that a good 
 purse can not be put up in a faire but we 
 sigh if we share it not amongst us Greene 
 Theses falling out, 1615 (Harl. Misc., viii! 
 o84). 
 
 VERSDTE, changeable ; unsettled. 
 
 A person of very supercilious gravity, also 
 of versute and vertigenous policy. Gauden 
 Tears of the Church, p. 132. 
 
 VERT. See extract, which is from 
 an article that appeared in the Union 
 Review for May 1864, afterwards re- 
 printed separately. The writer had 
 gone over from the Anglican to the 
 Roman Church. The word is now not 
 uncommon in colloquial use, or in 
 some religious newspapers. It is often 
 printed without any apostrophe denot- 
 ing that the prefix has been cut off. 
 
 I belong to that strange category about 
 whose prepositional affix opinions are divided 
 in England. Old friends call me a pervert 
 new acquaintances a convert : the other day 
 I was addressed as a 'vert. It took my fancy 
 as offending nobody, if pleasing nobody. 
 This term " 'vert " I have every reason to 
 believe has been only just coined. Experi- 
 ences of a " Vert." 
 
 VERTUGAL. The poet is speaking of 
 the effeminate Sardanapalus, who wore 
 women's clothes. Vertugal may there- 
 
 fore mean farthingale, or, as Bp. Hall 
 and others write it, vei-dinaale. 
 Amongst his vertuyals for ayde he drew 
 From his Lieutenant, who did him pursew 
 And wan his scepter. 
 
 Hudson, Judith, v. 215. 
 VERTUMNAL. Vertumnus was an 
 Etruscan Deity, presiding over the 
 revolving seasons. In the extract 
 Adams, having perhaps the first syllable 
 chiefly in his mind, seems to use it = 
 spring. 
 
 Her smiles are more reviving than the 
 vertumnal sunshine. A dams, ii. 333. 
 
 VESICATORY, blister. 
 
 A vesicatory of devil's dung was applied to 
 my costern. T. Brown, Works, ii. 209. 
 
 VESTURAL, pertaining to clothes. 
 This is one of the words which Sterling 
 blames Carlyle for inventing. See 
 extract s. v. ENVIRONMENT. 
 
 How then comes it, may the reflective 
 mind repeat, that the grand Tissue of all 
 Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have 
 been quite overlooked by Science, the ves- 
 tural Tissue, namely, of woollen or other 
 cloth. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. i. 
 
 VESUVIAN, a cigar-light. 
 Not all the vesuvians in the world could 
 have kept his cigar alight. Slack, Adven- 
 tures of a Phaeton, ch. xix. 
 
 VEXEDLT, with a sense of annoyance. 
 
 My heart is vexedly easy, if I may so 
 describe it; vexedly, because of the appre- 
 hended interview, ... or else I should be 
 quite easy. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, ii. 165. 
 
 VEXEDNESS, vexation. 
 
 My teasing uncle broke out into a loud 
 laugh, which, however, had more of vexedness 
 than mirth in ii. Richardson, Grandison 
 vi. 74. 
 
 VEXILLART, a standard-bearer. " Near 
 Brampton runs the little river Gelt; on 
 the bank of which, in a rock called 
 Helbeck, is this gaping inscription set 
 up by an ensign of the second legion, 
 call'd Augusta, under Agricola the pro- 
 praetor " (Gibson's Camden, p. 1037). 
 The inscription begins Vex. Leg. 
 And Gareth lookt and read, 
 In letters like to those the vexillary 
 Hath left crag-carven o'er the streaming Gelt. 
 Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 VICARESS, female vicar. 
 Mother Austin was afterwards Vicaress 
 several years. Arch., xxviii. 198 (1840). 
 
 VICE-BITTEN, a prey to vice. Cf 
 HUNGER-BITTEN (Job xviii. 12). 
 
 7.7.2
 
 V2CTORIAL 
 
 VIRTUED 
 
 O my dear, what a paltry creature is a man 
 vice-bitten. Richardson, Gratidison, vi. 181. 
 
 VICTORIAL, victorious ; or, rather, 
 pertaining to a victory. 
 
 Pantagruel, for an eternal memorial, wrote 
 this victorial ditton. Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. II. ch. xxvii. 
 
 VICTORING BOYS, roaring boys (?). 
 To runne through all the pamphlets and the 
 
 toyes 
 
 "Which I haue scene in hands of Victoring 
 Boyes. 
 
 A. Holland (Davies, Scourge of Folly, 
 p. 80). 
 
 VICTRIX, conqueress. Ben Jonson 
 has victrice. 
 
 In his victrix he required all that was here 
 visible. Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xxxii. 
 
 VICTUALAGE, food ; provision. 
 I could not proceed . . . with my cargo of 
 victualaye. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 VIDUOUS, widowed. 
 
 She gone, and her virtuous mansion, your 
 heart, to let, her successor the new occupant 
 . . . finds her miniature. Thackeray, New- 
 comes, ch. Ixvi. 
 
 VIEWER. See extract : " you " are 
 Cornish miners. 
 
 The door-keepers were summoned before 
 the overseer, or, as you call him, the viewer. 
 Miss Edgeworth, Lame Jervas, ch. i. 
 
 VIGORIZE, to invigorate. Davies 
 (Microcosmos, p. 29) says that the 
 veins and arteries meet together 
 " thereby to vigorize the vitall band." 
 
 VILE, a vile thing. 
 
 Which soeuer of them I touche is a vyle. 
 Gosson, Schoole of Abuse, p. 25. 
 
 VILLANEL, a ballad (Fr. villanelle). 
 One of Sidney's Sonnets (p. 535) is 
 directed to be sung " to the tune of a 
 Neapolitan villanel." 
 
 The vulgar and purely natural poesie has 
 in it certain proprieties and graces, ... as is 
 evident in our Gascon villanels and songs. 
 Cotton's Montaigne, ch. xli. 
 
 VINAIGROUS, sour, like vinegar. 
 
 Lafayette, detestable though he be, is their 
 saviour for once ; even the ancient vinaigrous 
 Tantes admit it. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. 
 VII. ch. ix. 
 
 VINCIBILITY, capability of being con- 
 quered. 
 
 I don't know what to say to the vincilility 
 of such a love. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 49. 
 
 VINEW, mouldiness. 
 
 Soon would it catch a vinew, begin to 
 putrifie, and so continue but a while. Hol- 
 land, Pliny, xix. 3. 
 
 VINT, to make wine. 
 
 I wouldn't give a straw for the best wine 
 that ever was vinted. Trollope, Barchester 
 Towers, ch. xxi. 
 
 VINTNERY, th,e trade of. a vintner. 
 
 The father of him did, in an unexception- 
 able manner, perform cookery and vintnery 
 in the village of Ouarville. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. ii. 
 
 VIOLENTO, a violent man. Cf . FURI- 
 oso, GLORIOSO, &c. 
 
 In the Eaign of Queen Mary he fled beyond 
 the Seas, and was no Violento in the Troubles 
 of Francford, but, with all meekness, to his 
 might, endeavoured a pacification. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Cumberland (i. 236). 
 
 VIOLIN, to play on the violin. 
 
 "Was not Madam "W. plaid out of her 
 reputation, and violiti'd into a match below 
 her quality ? Gentleman Instructed, p. 136. 
 
 VIOLIST, player on the viol. 
 He was a violinist, and the two former 
 violists.Life of A. Wood, Feb. 12, 1658-9. 
 
 VIORNE, the way-faring tree: a 
 French word, but used in extract as an 
 English one. 
 
 Inter viburna Cupressus, that is, the 
 Cypresse-tree amongst the viornes. Hol- 
 land's Camden, p. 421. 
 
 VIPARIOUS, life-producing. 
 A cat the most viparious is limited to nine 
 lives. Lytton, Caxtons, Bk. XII. ch. ii. 
 
 VIPERESS, female viper. 
 
 Pontia did confesse, 
 
 My sons I would have poyson'd. Viperesse ! 
 Stapylton, Juvenal, vi. 675. 
 
 VIRGIN-HEAD, virginity. 
 
 Thither must I 
 
 To see my love's face, the chaste virgin-head 
 Of a dear fish, yet pure and undeflower'd, 
 Not known of man. 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Woman-Hater, i. 3. 
 
 Unlike it is 
 Such blessed state the noble flowr should 
 
 miss 
 
 Of Virgin-head. Sylvester, Eden, 662. 
 Two foes of honord name in Honor's bed 
 (The field) desirde (like virgins newly wiues) 
 To lose their valour's lusty virgin-head. 
 
 Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 23. 
 
 VIRTUED, endued with virtue. 
 But hath the virtued steel a power to move ? 
 Or can the untouch'd needle point aright ? 
 Quarles, Emblems, V. iv. 3
 
 VIRTUOUS 
 
 ( 709 ) VOCIFEROSITY 
 
 VIRTUOUS, strong ; valorous: a Latin- 
 ism. The " virtuous engine " in the 
 first extract is the golden chain which 
 Zeus lets down from heaven ; there is 
 no word corresponding to virtuous in 
 the original. 
 
 Then will I to Olympus' top our virtuous 
 
 engine bind, 
 And by it ev'ry thing shall hang. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, viii. 22. 
 
 My Lord, I know too well your vertuous 
 
 spirit ; 
 Take heede for God's loue if you rowse the 
 
 bore 
 You come not neere him, but discharge 
 
 aloofe 
 
 Your wounding pistoll, or well aymed dart. 
 Ibid., Gentleman Vsher, i. 1. 
 
 VIS-A-VIS. This French word is 
 naturalized among us ; it signifies a 
 carriage to hold two persons, one 
 opposite the other instead of side by 
 side ; also a person standing opposite 
 another in a quadrille. Sterne (Trist. 
 Shandy, ii. 219) contrasts "a single- 
 horse chair and Madam Pompadour's 
 vis-d-vis." 
 
 Could the stage be a large vis-a-vis, 
 
 Reserved for the polished and great, 
 Where aach happy lover might see 
 
 The nymph he adores tete-a-tete ; 
 No longer I'd gaze on the ground, 
 
 And the load of despondency hug, 
 For I'd book myself all the year round 
 
 To ride with the sweet Lady Mugg. 
 
 H. and J. Smith, Rejected Addresses, 
 p. 105. 
 
 Miss Blanche was indeed the vis-a-vis of 
 Miss Laura, and smiled most killingly upon 
 her dearest friend, and nodded to her, and 
 talked to her when they met during the 
 quadrille evolutions. Thackeray, Pendennis, 
 ch. xxvii. 
 
 VISION, to see as in a vision. 
 "We in the morning eyed the pleasant fields 
 Vision'd before. 
 
 ' Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. VIII. 
 
 Such guessing, visioniny, dim perscrutation 
 of the momentous future ! Carlyle, Past 
 and Present, Bk. II. ch. viii. 
 
 VISITRESS, female visitor. 
 
 Keenly, I fear, did the eye of the visitress 
 pierce the young pastor's heart. C. Bronte, 
 Jane Eyre, ch. xxxii. 
 
 VISORY, visual ; having power of 
 vision. 
 
 The optic nerves and the visory spirits are 
 corrupted. Adams^i. 379. 
 
 VISTO, view. Visto is past part, of 
 
 Sp. vedere, to see. We generally adopt 
 
 the Italian vista. 
 
 Then all beside each glade and Visto 
 You'd see Nymphs lying like Calisto. 
 
 Gay, To a Young Lady. 
 
 VISUALISED, made visible. Sterling 
 objects to this word. See extract s. v. 
 ENVIRONMENT. 
 
 Who am I ? What is this Me ? A Voice, 
 a Motion, an Appearance some embodied, 
 visualised Idea in the Eternal Mind. Carlyle, 
 Sartor Resartus, Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 VlSUALlTY, sight ; glimpse. 
 
 We must . . . catch a few more visualities. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iv. 242. 
 
 We have a pleasant visuality of an old 
 summer afternoon in the Queen's Court two 
 hundred years ago. Ibid., Cromwell, i. 90. 
 
 VlTIAL, vicious. 
 
 There is nothing on it [earth] that is of it 
 which is not become more vitial than vital. 
 Adams, i. 337. 
 
 VITRIOLINE, vitriolic. 
 
 In a moorish boggy ground ariseth a 
 Spring of a vitrioline Tast and Odour. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Wilts (ii. 493). 
 
 VIVIDITY, liveliness. 
 Vicious humours gnaw and suck the con- 
 science of all vividity. Adams, i. 484. 
 
 VIVI-SEPULTURE, burying alive. 
 
 Pliny . . . speaks of the practice of vim- 
 sepulture as continued to his own time. 
 Dean Liddell, 1863 (Archaol., xl. 243). 
 
 VIXENISH, cross ; ill-tempered. 
 
 A short, thin, squeezed-up woman with a 
 vixenish countenance. Dickens, Oliver Twist, 
 ch. iv. 
 
 VIZOR, to cover with a vizor: the 
 past participle vizored is used by 
 Traheron, Milton, &c. 
 " Ugh ! " cried the Sun, and vizoring up a red 
 And cipher face of rounded foolishness, 
 Push'd horse across the foamings of the 
 
 ford. Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
 
 VOCIFERANT, clamorous. 
 For all His Wounds, with voice vociferant, 
 Crie out they can more than supply each 
 
 want. Davies, Holy Roode, p. 19. 
 
 The most vociferant vulgar, who most cry 
 up this their Diana, like the riotous rabble 
 at Ephesus, do least know what the matter 
 is. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 114. 
 
 VOCIFEROSITY, clamorousness ; voci- 
 feration. 
 
 Shall we give poor Buffiere's testimonial 
 in mess-room dialect, in its native twanging 
 vociferosity? Carlyle, Misc., iv. 91.
 
 VOCULAR 
 
 ( 
 
 VOCDLAR, vocal. 
 
 He turned angrily round, and inquired 
 what that young cur was howling for, and 
 why Mr. Bumble did not favour him with 
 something which would render the series of 
 vocular exclamations so designated an in- 
 voluntary process. Dickens, Oliver Twist, 
 ch. vii. 
 
 VOID, the last course or remove ; 
 the dessert. 
 
 There was a void of spice-plates and wine. 
 Coronation of Anne Boleyn, 1533 (Eng. 
 Garner, ii. 50). 
 
 VOIDED, cleaned (?). 
 Socrates beyug bidden to a supper by one 
 Agatho, was going with trick voided shoes on 
 his feete, and perfumed with sweete sauours. 
 Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 32. 
 
 VOLANT. This French word = 
 shuttlecock is applied by North to a 
 Jack-of-both-sides: one whojlies from 
 one to the other ; the adjective = giddy, 
 unrestrainable, flying. 
 
 And so they kept the volant a good while, 
 and did not declare on which side they would 
 fall. North, Examen, p. 63. 
 
 The Dutch had acted the volant, and done 
 enough on the one side or the other to have 
 kept the fire alive. Ibid., p. 474. 
 
 Yes, my volant, my self-conducted quill, 
 begin with the sister. Richardson, Grandi- 
 son, i. 274. 
 The eddying smoke, quick flame, and volant 
 
 spark. Poetry of Antijacobin, p. 129. 
 
 VOLCANIAN, volcanic. 
 A deep volcanian yellow took the place 
 Of all her milder-mooned body's grace ; 
 And, as the lava ravishes the mead, 
 Spoilt all her silver mail, and golden brede. 
 Keats, Lamia. 
 
 VOLCANOISM, eruptiveness. 
 
 Blaze out, as wasteful volcanoism to scorch 
 and consume. Carlyle, Past and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch. x. 
 
 VOLENTLY, willingly. 
 
 Into the pit they run against their will, 
 that ran so volently, so violently, to the 
 brink of it. Adams, i. 237. 
 
 VOLGE, the vulgar ; the mob. 
 
 One had as good be dumb as not speak 
 with the volye. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. viii. 32. 
 
 We must speak with the volye, and think 
 with the wise. Ibid., Worthies, London. 
 
 VOLLENGE, avalanche. Cf. VA- 
 
 LANCHE. 
 
 The vollenye which overwhelms a whole 
 village was at first but a little snow-ball. 
 W. Taylor, Survey of German Poetry, ii. 456. 
 
 ) VULGARIAN 
 
 VOLUTION, rolling; revolution. The 
 reference in extract is to a water-spout. 
 The swift volution and the enormous train, 
 Let sages versed in nature's lore explain. 
 
 Falconer, Shipicreck, ii. 43. 
 
 VOLVE, to turn. R. has this word, 
 with a quotation from Berners's Frois- 
 sart ; the subjoined extract is nearly 
 250 years later. 
 
 I have been waiving and revolving in my 
 fancy some time, but to no purpose, by what 
 clean device or facete contrivance I might 
 . . modulate them. Sterne, Trist. Shandy, 
 v. 109. 
 
 VORAGO, abyss. A Latin word, but 
 used by Evelyn as English, otherwise 
 he would have written voragines. 
 
 The vorayos of subterranean cellars, wells, 
 and dungeons, formerly warehouses, still 
 burning in stench and dark clowds of smoke. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 7, 1666. 
 
 VOTAL, wishful. 
 
 He is not like those debtors that have 
 neither means nor meaning to pay. But 
 though he wants actual, he hath votal retri- 
 bution. Adams, i. 100. 
 
 VOTIST, vower. 
 A poore woman, votist of reuenge. 
 
 Chapman, Reuenge of Bussy D'Ambois, 
 Act III. 
 
 VOUCHMENT, solemn assertion. 
 
 Their vouchment by their honour in that 
 tryal is not an oath. Racket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 77. 
 
 VULGAR, a vulgar person ; one of the 
 lower classes. 
 
 The budding rose is set by, 
 But stale, and fully blown, is left for vulgar s 
 To rub their sweaty fingers on. 
 
 Marmion, Antiquary, Act IV. 
 It would be as low to accept the challenge 
 of a vulgar as to refuse it to an equal. 
 Burgoyne, Lord of the Manor, II. i. 
 Yet are those feats what vulyars term a bore. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 239. 
 
 VULGARIAN, a vulgar person. Den- 
 ham has it as an adjective. 
 
 With a fat vulgarian sloven, 
 Little Admiral John 
 To Boulogne is gone. 
 
 Denham, To Sir J. Mennis. 
 The latter .... voted him a profound 
 bore and vulgarian. Thackeray, Shabby Gen- 
 teel Story, ch. viii. 
 
 If some indiscreet vulgarian (a favourite 
 word with both the Pompleys) asked point- 
 blank if he meant "my lord Digby," the 
 Colonel with a lofty air answered, " The 
 elder branch, sir." Lytion, My Novel, Bk. V. 
 ch. viii.
 
 VULGARITY ( 7 
 
 VULGARITY, commonalty; mob. 
 
 The meere vulgarity (like swine) are prone 
 to cry out more for a little bite by the eare 
 than for all the sordidnesse of sin. Gauden, 
 Tears of the Church, p. 3 (Preface). 
 
 VULNERABLE, wounding: its proper 
 meaning is, liable to be wounded. 
 
 The male children practise to ride great 
 horses, to throw the vulnerable and inevitable 
 darte. Ambassy of Sir It. Sherley, 1609 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 440). 
 
 VULNERATE, to wound. The Diets, 
 give only the past participle. 
 
 Thou thy chastitie didst vulnerate. 
 
 Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 17. 
 
 i ) WAGGONETTE 
 
 Hedged in with cares as with an hedge of 
 
 thorne, 
 
 Whose piercing prickes the mind doe 
 vulnerate. Ibid., Muse's Sacrifice, p. 10. 
 
 VULTURINE, pertaining to a vulture. 
 
 The vulturine nose, which smells nothing 
 but corruption. Kingsley, Two Years Ago, 
 ch. x. 
 
 VULTURISH, pertaining to a vulture. 
 See extract s. v. ACCIPITRAL (the Diets, 
 have vulturous). 
 
 VULTURISM, rapacity. See extract 
 s. v. OWLISM. 
 
 WADDIE, Indian club. See extract- 
 s. v. GIN. 
 
 WADLING, a wattled fence. 
 To arbor begun and quicksetted about, 
 No poling nor wadling till set be far out. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 83. 
 
 WADMUS, a thick coarse kind of 
 woollen cloth. See H. s. v. wadmal. 
 Tusser (Husbandric,p. 37) recommends 
 " sedge collers for ploughhorse," to 
 which Tusser Rediviviis appends the 
 following note : 
 
 Lightest and coolest, but indeed not so 
 comly as those of icadmus. 
 
 WAFRIE, pastry. 
 
 He sent a ladde aforehand about to euery 
 of his frendes then present, and bid theim to 
 keepe a corner of their stomakes for the 
 tartes, wafrie, and jounkettes that wer to be 
 serued and to com in after the meat. Udal's 
 Erasmus's Apophth., p. 192. 
 
 WAG, to go ; to move. 
 Pinch. Sir, go, we'll follow you. 
 Spark. I will not wag without you. 
 
 Wycherley, Country Wife, iv. 4. 
 They made a pretty good shift to wagy 
 along. Pilgrim's Progress, ii. 183. 
 
 Come, neighbours, we must wag. 
 
 Cowper, Yearly Distress. 
 
 W AGELESS, in the extract s. v. TAX- 
 LESS = without paying wages ; it 
 should rather mean not receiving 
 wages. 
 
 WAGELING, a hireling. 
 
 These are the very false prophets, the 
 instruments of Satan, the deceivers, wolves, 
 wagelings, Judases, dreamers, liars. Bale, 
 Select Works, p. 439. 
 
 WAGES-LESS, without wages. 
 Some intrusive, ragamuffin, wages-less 
 lackey. Lytton, Pelham, ch. xlix. 
 
 WAGE-WORK, labour for which money 
 is paid. 
 
 Old folk beside their fires, 
 For comfort after their ^cage-work is done. 
 
 Tennyson, Coming of Arthur. 
 
 WAGGON-BOROUGH, the part of the 
 camp in which the waggons and bag- 
 gage are kept (?). 
 
 "We . . . entrenched our carriages and 
 waqgon-borough. Patten, Exped. to Scotl., 
 1548 (Eng. Garner, iii. 103). 
 
 WAGGONER. The application of the 
 word in the extract is curious. 
 
 Elias was a waggoner in the air, mounted 
 through the clouds in a chariot. Adams, 
 iii. 139. 
 
 WAGGONESS, female driver. Iris is 
 " she that paints the air." 
 
 He granted, acd his chariot (perplex'd with 
 
 her late harm) 
 She mounted, and her waggoness was she 
 
 that paints the air. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, v. 348. 
 
 That she might serve for icaggoness, she 
 
 pluck 'd the wagg'ner back, 
 And up into his seat she mounts. 
 
 Ibid., v. 838. 
 
 WAGGONETTE, a carriage with seats 
 along the sides instead of back and 
 front. 
 
 There was a large waggonette of varnished 
 oak, and a pair of small powerful horses 
 waiting for him there. Slack, Princess of 
 Thule, ch. i.
 
 WAGPASTIE 
 
 WAPPINGER 
 
 WAGPASTIE, a rogue ; urchin. 
 
 M. Mery. Maide, with whom are 
 
 ye so hastie ? 
 Tib. Not with you, sir, but with a little 
 
 tcaypastie, 
 
 A deceiuer of folkes by subtill craft and guile. 
 Udal, Roister Doister, iii. 2. 
 
 WAG-TAIL, to flutter. 
 
 Euen as a payr of busie chattering pies, 
 Seeing some hardie tercell from the skies 
 To stoop with rav'nous seres, feele a chill 
 
 feare, 
 
 From bush to bush waytayliny here and there. 
 Sylvester, The Trophies, p. 137. 
 
 WAINE, to fetch in a wain. 
 Then, neighbours, for God's sake, if any you 
 
 see 
 Good seruant for dairie house, waine her to 
 
 mee. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 107. 
 
 WAINMAN, waggoner. Sylvester ap- 
 plies it to Charles of the Wain. 
 Besides these twelue, toward the Artik side, 
 A flaming Dragon doth two Bears diuide ; 
 After, the Wainman comes, the Crown, the 
 
 Spear, 
 The Kneeling Youth, the Harp, the Ham- 
 
 perer. 
 
 Sylvester, Fourth day, first weeke, 290. 
 
 Divers abuses on the Lords-day were re- 
 strained: all cariers, carters, waggoners, 
 wainmen, drovers of cattell forbidden to 
 travell thereon. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. i. 64. 
 
 WAIST, girdle; 
 
 I might have given thee for thy pains 
 Ten silver shekels and a golden waist ? 
 
 Peele, David and Bethsabe, p. 481. 
 
 WAISTCOATING, stuff to be made into 
 waistcoats. 
 
 Mrs. Carver bespoke from him two pieces 
 of waistcoating . Miss Edyeworth, The Dun, 
 p. 315. 
 
 WAKERIFE, quite awake. 
 
 And wakerife through the corpsgard oft he 
 past. Hudson's Judith, iii. 89. 
 
 WAKE-ROBIN, the plant " which in 
 Egypt they call Aron" (Holland, 
 Pliny, xix. 5). 
 
 WALKERS, feet. 
 
 And with them halted down 
 (Proud of his strength) lame Mulciber, his 
 walkers quite misgrown. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xx. 36. 
 
 WALKING, moving : used rather pe- 
 culiarly in extract, but see quotation 
 s. v. STANDARD. 
 
 "Wine was walking on every side. R. 
 Smith, 1555 (Maitland on Reformation, p. 
 527). 
 
 WALLOW, to dirty. 
 
 All dirt and mire some wallow bed, as span- 
 niels vse to doo. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 191. 
 
 WALTHAM'S CALF is said to have 
 run nine miles to suck a bull : hence, 
 as wise as Waltham's calf = very silly. 
 
 Some running and gadding calves, wiser 
 than Walikam?s calfe that ranne nine miles 
 to sucke a bull. Disclosing of the great Bull, 
 1567 (Harl. Misc., vii. 535). 
 
 WAND, to enclose with wands or 
 palings. 
 
 Now make and wand in 
 Trim bower to stand in. 
 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 74. 
 
 WANLY, wastingly. 
 An extream fever vext the Virgin's bones, 
 (By one disease to cause two deaths at once) 
 Consum'd her flesh, and wanly did displace 
 The rose-mixt lillies in her louely face. 
 
 Sylvester, Fifth day, first iceeke, 1028. 
 
 WANTER, one who is deficient, or in 
 need. 
 What should I think of courage ? if it wants, 
 
 The wanters are despis'd of God and men. 
 Davies, Scourge of Folly, p. 21. 
 
 WANT-GRACE, a reprobate. 
 
 And rather than they should not die by force, 
 Or want a Want-Grace to performe the 
 
 deede, 
 
 Their Vncle and Protector must perforce 
 Their crowne from head, and head from life 
 diuorce. Davies, Microcosmos, p. 57. 
 
 WANTONING, a wanton. 
 
 But since, I saw it painted on fame's wings 
 The Muses to be woxen wantoninys. 
 
 Hall, Satires, I. ii. 34. 
 
 WAP, twist or binding (?). 
 
 You must looke that youre bowe be well 
 nocked for fere the sharpnesse of the home 
 shere a sunder the strynge: and that 
 chaunceth ofte when, in bending, the string 
 hath but one wap to strengthe it wyth all. 
 Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 111. 
 
 WAPPINEERS, people of Wapping. 
 In kennel sowc'd o'er head and ears 
 Amongst the crowding Wappineers. 
 
 D 1 Urfey, Collin's Walk, canto ii. 
 
 WAPPING, barking : so a cur was 
 called a ivhappet. See N. s. v. 
 
 The harmless mapping of a curs'd curre 
 may stir up a fierce mastiffe to the worrying 
 of sheep. Fuller, Holy and Profane State, 
 V. iii. 1. 
 
 WAPPINGER, a man of Wapping. 
 Cf. WAPPLNEER.
 
 WAR 
 
 WAR WOLF 
 
 He was a thorough-paced traitor, and 
 looked upon to be paymaster of the mob ; a 
 Wappinyer, and good at mustering seameu. 
 North, Examen, p. 585. 
 
 WAR. Aschara suggests a curious 
 etymology for this word, as though it 
 came from waur or worse. 
 
 There is nothing worse then war, whereof 
 it taketh his name. Toxophilus, p. 62. 
 
 WARBLE, to shake ; quaver ; wobble. 
 In all the examples in the Diets, the 
 word is used of sound. 
 
 It but floats in our brains we but warble 
 about it; but we believe it not. Andrewes, 
 i. 15. 
 
 WAR-CRAFT, -science of war. 
 He had Officers who did ken the War- 
 craft. Fuller, Worthies, Lancashire (i. 558). 
 
 WARDENRY. The district on the bor- 
 ders of England and Scotland was 
 called a wardenry, and was under the 
 care of a warden, whose duty it was to 
 prevent incursions. 
 
 In this steward lyeth all the safetie of the 
 west part of the wardenrie. Document, 1590 
 (Archteol., xxii. 163). 
 
 They may not tamely see 
 All through the western wardenry, 
 Your law-contemning kinsmen ride, 
 And burn and spoil the Border-side. 
 Scott, Lay of Last Minstrel, c. iv. 
 
 WARDROBER, keeper of the wardrobe. 
 In the Accounts of Elizabeth Princess 
 Palatine, 1613 (Arch., xxxv. 10), a 
 charge is made for "two wardrobers 
 and theire servants for theire boorde 
 wages goeing and returninge." 
 
 WARE, to expend. 
 
 They shall fynde it bothe lesse charge and 
 more pleasure to ware at any tyme a couple 
 of shyllynges of a new bowe, than to bestowe 
 xd. of peacynge an olde bowe. Ascham, 
 Toxophilus, p. 122. 
 
 He would not ware the spark of a flint 
 for him, if they came with the law. Scott, 
 Waverley, i. 191. 
 I grabb'd the munny she maade, and I iceard 
 
 it o' liquor, I did. 
 
 Tennyson, Northern Cobbler. 
 
 WARE - TRASH, " sedge, turf e, and 
 reed." It was objected by some that 
 if the Cambridgeshire fenswere drained, 
 there would be a deficiency of these. 
 Fuller answers, " Provision may be 
 made that a sufficiency of such ware- 
 trash may still be preserved " (Hist, 
 of Camb. Univ., v. 3). Trash pertain- 
 
 ing to a weir or stream (?) ; or has it 
 to do with WARE- WATER, q. v. ? 
 
 WARE-WATER. The New River com- 
 pleted in 1613 is supplied from springs 
 in the neighbourhood of Ware in Hert- 
 fordshire. 
 
 Another, in imitation of their aqueducts 
 and sluces and conveyance of waters abroad, 
 brought Ware-water through London streets. 
 Howell, Forraine Travell, sect. 16. 
 
 WAR, HORSE, seems to be an exclam- 
 ation enjoining caution ; perhaps snch 
 as coachmen or carters addressed to 
 their cattle. 
 
 Man. Your goodness, Madam, is 
 Flip (aside to Mon.). War, Horse. No 
 fine speeches ; you'll spoil all. 
 
 Vanbrugh, Confederacy, Act V. 
 
 WARNING, notice to quit given by an 
 employer to a servant, or vice versa. 
 
 We'll both give warning immediately, and 
 we'll give up the month's wages to the poor 
 devils out of mere charity. Colman, Man of 
 Business, Act IV. 
 
 WARNING-PIECE, a warning gun, and 
 so, anything that warns. 
 
 Being returned to the ships, about ten of 
 the clock a warning-piece was given, and 
 about two hours after they weighed. Tres- 
 tcell, Journey of the Earl of Nottingham, 1604 
 (Harl. Misc., iii. 428). 
 
 It was the wisest way to strike sail betimes, 
 upon the shooting of the first -wdrning-piece 
 to bring them in. Heylin, Reformation, i. 79. 
 
 WARP. H. gives " warp, four of 
 fish : " perhaps, therefore, a warp of 
 weeks = a month. 
 
 Cerdicus . . . was the first May-lord or 
 captaine of the Morris-daunce that on those 
 embenched shelves stampt his footing, where 
 cods and dog-fish swomme not a warp of 
 weeks forerunning. Nashe, Lenten Stujf'e 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 150). 
 
 WARRISH, militant. 
 
 I know the rascals have a sin in petto, 
 To rob the holy lady of Loretto ; 
 Attack her temple with their guns so warrish. 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 296. 
 
 WARTY, rough, as though covered 
 with warts. 
 
 Dean-bourn, farewell ; I never look to see 
 Deane, or thy warty incivility. 
 
 Herrick, Hesperides, i. 27. 
 
 WARWOLF, some military engine. 
 
 The rooms here . . . were made use of for 
 placing the catapultas, balistas. warwolfs, and 
 other various instruments of war. Archaol., 
 iv. 379 (1777).
 
 WASHABLE 
 
 ( 714 ) WATER-FURROW 
 
 The war-wolfs there 
 Hurl'd their huge stones. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. VIII. 
 
 WASHABLE, capable of being washed. 
 
 Washable beaver hats that improve with 
 rain. Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xxxvii. 
 
 A good expanse of washable linen over the 
 upper-works of the coat. Carlyle, Cromwell, 
 i. 88. 
 
 WASHERED. " Washer, an iron hoope 
 which serves to keepe the iron pin at 
 the end of the axel-tree from wearing 
 the nave " (Florio, p. 94, quoted in H.). 
 
 I had worked myself up, as I always do, 
 in the manner of heavy men ; growing hot 
 like an til-wasfiered wheel revolving, though 
 I start with a cool axle. Blackmore, Lorna 
 Doone, ch. Ixx. 
 
 WASSERMAN. 
 
 The puffin . . . bewrayed this conspiracie to 
 Protseus heards, or the fraternity of fishes, 
 which the greater giants of Kussia and 
 Island, as the whale, the sea-horse, the norse 
 [morse?], the wasserman, the dolphin, the 
 grampoys, fleered and geered at as a ridicu- 
 lous danger. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. 
 Misc., vi. 170). 
 
 WASTE-GOOD, a spendthrift. 
 
 This first is a wast-good and an 
 
 unthrift. Greene, Quip for Upstart Courtier 
 (Harl. Misc., v. 420). 
 
 WASTELESS, inexhaustible. 
 Those powers above that can requite, 
 That from their wasteless treasures heap 
 
 rewards 
 
 More out of grace than merit on us mortals. 
 May, The Heir, Act IV. 
 
 WASTRYE, destructive. 
 
 The pope and his wastrye workers . . were 
 no fathers but cruel robbers and destroyers. 
 Bale, Select Works, p. 138. 
 
 WAST -TIME, an idle employment: a 
 play on the word pastime. 
 
 " As mad as the Baiting Bull of Stamford." 
 . . . Some think that the Men must be mad 
 as well as the Bull, who can take delight in 
 so dangerous a Wast-time. Fuller, Worthies, 
 Lincoln (ii. 6). 
 
 WATCH - BIRTH, midwife ( ? ) ; de- 
 liverer (?). Sylvester, after describing 
 the triple division of the temple, com- 
 pares Solomon's books, Proverbs, Ec- 
 clesiastes, and the Song of Songs, to 
 the Porch, Holy Place, and Holy of 
 Holies respectively, and introduces .the 
 comparison thus: 
 This pattern pleased thee, so th' hast framed 
 
 by it 
 
 Th' eternall Watch-births of thy sacred wit. 
 The Magnificence, 1197. 
 
 WATCH-CLOCK, alarum. 
 Pourfull Need (Art's ancient dame and 
 
 keeper, 
 The early watch - clock of the sloathf ull 
 
 sleeper). 
 
 Sylvester, Handle Crafts, 105. 
 
 WATCHMENT, state of vigilance. 
 My watchments are now over, by my mas- 
 ter's direction. Richardson, Pamela, i. 207. 
 
 WATER. Where the water sticks = 
 the point in dispute. 
 
 I will reduce his discourse into a logical 
 form, that the reader may see clearly where 
 the water sticks between us. Bramhall, ii. 
 366. 
 
 WATER-BAYLAGE. See quotation. 
 
 Water-baylaf/e, a tax demanded upon all 
 goods by the City, imported and exported. 
 Pepys, Jan. 20, 1668-9. 
 
 WATER-BED, a bed on board ship: 
 the word is now common as meaning 
 an india-rubber bed filled with water, 
 to make it easy for sick people. 
 
 To his house I repaired, with hope of some 
 refreshment after my wearisome voyage ; but 
 he then from home, I was forced to returne 
 to my water-bed; there being no Innes for 
 entertainment throughout inhospitall Turkic. 
 Sandys, Travels, p. 27. 
 
 WATER - BEWITCHED, any very weak 
 liquid. 
 
 Your ladyship is very sparing of your tea ; 
 I protest the last dish I took was no more 
 than water bewitcht. Swift, Polite Conversa- 
 tion (Conv. i.). 
 
 As for the broth, it was nothing but a lit- 
 tle water bewitched (mera aqua). Bailey's 
 Erasmus, p. 376. 
 
 Another book of Noble's called Lives of 
 the Regicides ... is of much more stupid 
 character ; nearly meaningless indeed, mere 
 water bewitched. Carlyle, Cromwell, i. 13. 
 
 WATERFALL, a neckcloth or scarf that 
 comes down over the breast. Miss Fer- 
 rier (Inheritance, Vol. I. ch. xi.) speaks 
 of " a drooping Fall of Foyers-looking 
 neckcloth." 
 
 He was suddenly confronted in the walk 
 by Benjamin, the Jew money-lender, smoking 
 a cigar, and dressed in a gaudy figured satin 
 waistcoat and waterfall of the same material. 
 ^-Huyhes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxvi. 
 
 WATER-FLINT. See extract. 
 
 The third flat stone is a quartzose boulder 
 of the kind known as water-jlints in this part 
 of Somersetshire. Archaol., xlii. 208 (1868). 
 
 WATER-FURROW, to drain by drawing 
 furrows across the ridges in the lowest 
 part of the ground
 
 WATER IN SHOES ( 715 ) 
 
 WA Y-DOOR 
 
 Seede husbandly sowen, water-furrow thy 
 
 ground 
 That raine when it commeth may run away 
 
 round. Tusser, Huslandrie, p. 48. 
 
 WATER IN SHOES, a proverbial ex- 
 pression for something disagreeable. 
 
 They caressed his lordship very much as a 
 new comer, whom they were glad of the 
 honour to meet, and talked about a time to 
 dine with him ; all which (as they say) was 
 water in his shoes. But after dinner he got 
 himself clear, and was as careful not to be so 
 complimented any more. North, Life of 
 Lord Guilford, i. 295. 
 
 WATERISH, the colour of water, not, 
 as now, watery or diluted. See extract 
 s. v. BLDNKETTE. 
 
 WATER-LADE, gutter; drain. 
 
 The chanels were not skoured . . . for 
 riverets and Brookes to passe away, but the 
 icater-lades stopped up either through negli- 
 gence or depopulation. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 741. 
 
 WATER MY CHICKENS COME CLOCK, a 
 game similar to one called hen and 
 chickens, where a number of children 
 form in a row behind a leader, and it is 
 the endeavour of others to catch some 
 of these " chickens." 
 
 One fault brought me into another after 
 it, like Water my chickens come clock. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 272. 
 
 WATERNIXIE, water-elf or fairy. 
 
 The shallowness of a waternixie's soul may 
 have a charm until she becomes didactic. 
 G. Eliot, Middlemarch, ch. Ixiv. 
 
 WATEROLOGER, one who tells a man's 
 disease by inspection of urine. 
 
 You must either pretend to be waterologers 
 
 or star-wizards. Quack's Academy, 
 
 1678 (Harl. Misc., ii. 34). 
 
 WATER-QUAKE, a disturbance of water 
 produced by volcanic action. 
 
 "VYittlesmere doth sometimes in 
 
 Calmes and faire weather sodainly rise tem- 
 pestuously, as it were, into violent water- 
 quakes to the danger of the poore fishermen. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 500. 
 
 WATER-STOCK, a stoup for holy water. 
 
 They brought forth their coopes, candel- 
 stickes, holy waterstocke, cross, and sensers. 
 Vocacyon of Johan Bale, 1553 (Harl. Misc., 
 vi. 452). 
 
 WATER-WEAK, very feeble ; weak as 
 water. 
 
 If merrie now, anone with woe I weepe, 
 If lustie now, forthwith am tcater-ireak. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 10. 
 
 WATTLE-FACED, lanthorn - jawed ; 
 thin; bony; like wattles or hurdles. 
 
 I scorn thee, 
 Thou wattle-fac'd sindg'd pig ! 
 
 Middleton, Mayor of Quinborouyh, 
 Act III. 
 
 WADGH, to bark like a small dog. 
 
 The elder folke and well growne . . . 
 barked like bigge dogges; but the children 
 and little ones waughed as small whelpes. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 188. 
 
 WAVELESS, still ; not waving. 
 The banner'd blazonry hung waveless as a 
 pall. 
 
 Ingoldsly Legends (Fragment in 
 Westminster Alley}. 
 
 WAVELET, a little wave. 
 But forth one wavelet, then another, curled. 
 Browning, Pippa Passes. 
 
 The chain-pier, as everybody knows, runs 
 intrepidly into the sea, which sometimes in 
 fine weather bathes its feet with laughing 
 wavelets. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. ix. 
 
 In a million wavelets tipp'd with gold 
 
 Leapt the soft pulses of the sunlit sea. 
 
 Taylor, St. Clement's Eve, ii. 2. 
 
 WAX, a rage (schoolboys' slang). 
 
 She's in a terrible wax, but she'll be all 
 right by the time he comes back from his 
 holidays. H. Kingsley, Eavenshoe, ch. v. 
 
 WAXY, angry (slang). 
 
 It would cheer him up more than anything 
 if I could make him a little iraxy with me : 
 he's welcome to drop into me right and left, 
 if he likes. Dickens, Bleak House, ch. xxiv. 
 
 WAY-BEATEN, way-worn ; tired. 
 
 The way-beaten couple, master and man, 
 sat them down. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. 
 II. Bk. IV. ch. vii. 
 
 WAYBIT or WEABIT, a considerable 
 though indefinite addition to a mile, 
 known Scottice as a bittock. 
 
 In the North parts . . . there is a wea-bit to 
 every mile. Howell, Letters, iv. 28. 
 
 I have heard him prefer divers, and very 
 seriously, before himself, who came short a 
 mile and a way-lit. Hacket, Life of Wil- 
 liams, i. 59. 
 
 " An Yorkshire Way-bit." That is, an 
 Over-plus not accounted in the reckoning, 
 which sometimes proveth as much as all the 
 res t. Fuller, Worthies, Yorkshire (ii. 494). 
 
 Generall Leslie, with his Scottish, ran 
 away more than a Yorkshire mile and a Wee 
 bit. Ibid., ii. 535. 
 
 WAY-DOOR, street-door. 
 He must needs his posts with blood em- 
 brew, 
 
 And on his way-door fir the horned head. 
 Hall, Satires, III. iv. 7.
 
 WA YLEA VE 
 
 WEEDS 
 
 WAYLEAVE, a right of way. 
 
 Another thing that is remarkable is their 
 wai/leaves ; for when men have pieces of 
 ground between the colliery and the river, 
 they sell leave to lead coals over their ground. 
 North, Life of Lord Guilford, i. 265. 
 
 WAY-POST, direction-post. 
 
 You have more roads than a way-post. 
 Colman, The Spleen, Act I. 
 You came to a place where three cross-roads 
 
 divide, 
 
 Without any way-post stuck up by the side. 
 Ingoldsby Legends (St. Romwold). 
 
 WAYWARDEN, surveyor of highways. 
 
 Mr. George Chapman, the waywarden, . . . 
 had frequently observed that the cattle 
 resorted to a particular spot to rest. 
 Archteol., xxiii. 398 (1831). 
 
 Woodcutter. Had'st best repent and mend 
 thy ways. 
 
 Peasant. The way-warden may do that : I 
 wear out no ways ; I go across country. 
 Kinysley, Saint's Trayedy, ii. 6. 
 
 WAY WISER, "a mathematical in- 
 strument fitted to the great wheel of a 
 chariot to show how far it goes in a 
 day " (Bailey's Diet.). 
 
 He had ... a way-wiser, a thermometer, a 
 monstrous magnet. Evelyn, Diary, July 13, 
 1654. 
 
 I went to see Col. Blount, who shewed me 
 the application of the way-wiser to a coach, 
 exactly measuring the miles, and shewing 
 them by an index as we went on. Ibid., 
 Aug. 6, 1655. 
 
 WEAL (?). 
 
 A beryl is a kind of crystal that hath a 
 weal tincture of red. Aubrey, Misc., p. 154. 
 
 WEALFUL, happy. Davies is speak- 
 ing of our Lord's Passion. 
 To tell the jerkes with joy, that joy do bring, 
 Is both a wealefull and a wofull thing. 
 
 Davies, Holy Eoode, p. 13. 
 
 WEASEL-MONGER, rat-catcher or mole- 
 catcher. See extract s. v. CONY-GAT. 
 
 WEATHER-BLOWN, exposed ; weather- 
 beaten. 
 Strong Enispe that for height is ever weatJier- 
 
 blown. Chapman, Iliad, ii. 532. 
 
 WEATHERGAGE. To get the weather- 
 gage = to get to windward. L. notes 
 this sense, but has no example. 
 
 Take a turn round the back o' the hill to 
 gain the wind on them ; and when thou'st 
 got the veathergage thou mayst drive them 
 before thee. Scott, Ivanhoe, i. 13. 
 
 WEATHER-HARDENED, weather-beaten, 
 which is the more usual expression. 
 
 The peat fire shining upon a countenance 
 which, weather-hardened as it was, might have 
 given the painter a model for a Patriarch. 
 Southey, The Doctor, ch. ix. 
 
 WEATHER-HEADED, silly. In the ex- 
 tract Valentine is referring to Fore- 
 sight, a foolish old man, full of super- 
 stition in connection with astrology, 
 &c. 
 
 Sir, is this usage for your son ? for that 
 old weather-headed fool, I know how to laugh 
 at him ; but you, Sir. Congreve, Love for 
 Love, ii. 7. 
 
 WEATHERING-STOCK, a post to which 
 hawks are tied, and whence they can 
 get some limited exercise. 
 E'en like the hawk (whose keeper's wary 
 
 hands 
 Have made a pris'ner to her weathering 
 
 ' stock), 
 
 Forgetting quite the pow'r of her fast bands, 
 Makes a rank bate from her forsaken 
 
 block ; 
 
 But her too faithful leash doth soon retain 
 Her broken flight, attempted oft in vain ; 
 It gives her loins a twitch, and tugs her back 
 again. Quarles, Emblems, V. ix. 5. 
 
 WEAVER, roarer ; one whose broken 
 wind sounded like the weaver's shuttle 
 going to and fro (?). 
 
 T' horse was a weaver, if iver one was, as 
 any one could ha' told as had come within a 
 mile on him. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. xi. 
 
 WEAVERESS, female weaver. 
 
 He found two looms alone remaining at 
 work in the hands of an ancient weaver and 
 weaveress. J. H. Blunt, Hist, of Dursley, 222 
 (1877). 
 
 WEAZEN, shrunk ; withered. See 
 WIZEN. 
 
 From this venerable piece of furniture, 
 with which his shadowy figure and dark 
 weazen face so admirably accorded, he was 
 dealing out strange accounts of the popular 
 superstitions. Irving, Sketch Hook (Christ- 
 mas Dinner). 
 
 A tall weazen-f&ced man with an impedi- 
 ment in his speech. Sketches by Boz (The 
 Last Cabdriver). 
 
 WEBLESS, without webs : applied to 
 looms standing idle. 
 
 O'er still and webless looms 
 The listless craftsmen through their elf-locks 
 
 scowled. Kinysley, Saint's Trayedy, ii. 4. 
 
 WEEDS. This word was once com- 
 mon in the sense of clothes, especially 
 outer clothing, such as coat, gown, &c. : 
 it now only survives in the expression, 
 " widow's weeds." The latest example
 
 WEEHEE 
 
 ) 
 
 WELSH-RABBIT 
 
 of its old sense in the Diets, is from 
 Paradise Regained, i. 314. Mr. Jer- 
 rara, however, in the Glossary to his 
 edition of that poem (1877), says that 
 " bridal weeds " occurs in the Braes of 
 Yarrow. Mr. Tennyson also speaks 
 of a "beggar-woman's weeds;" but 
 the subjoined is a late prose example. 
 The weeds referred to were a porter's 
 frock, belt, and apron. 
 
 I gave her twopence, reassumed my former 
 garb, and left my weeds in her custody. H. 
 Jirooke, Fool of Quality, i. 191. 
 
 WEEHEE, a neigh. 
 
 To discourse him seriously is to read ethicks 
 to a monkey, or make an oration to Caligula's 
 horse, whence you can only expect a iceehee 
 or a jadish spurn. Character of a Coffee 
 House, 1673 (Harl. Misc., vi. 469). 
 
 WEELY, coarse ; dirty (?). 
 
 This river hath his head and springeth 
 first in a weely and barren ground named 
 Exmore. Holland's Camden, p. 203. 
 
 Sheepe, long-necked and square of bulke 
 and bone, by reason (as it is commonly 
 thought) of the weally and hilly situation of 
 their pasturage. Ibid., p. 364. 
 
 WEEPER, a white border on the sleeve 
 of a mourner's coat. 
 
 Mourners clap bits of muslin on their 
 sleeves, and these are called weepers. Weep- 
 ing muslin ; alas, alas, very sorrowful truly ! 
 These weepers then it seems are to bear the 
 whole burthen of the distress. Goldsmith, 
 Citizen of the World, Letter xcv. 
 
 The young squire was even then very 
 handsome, and looked remarkably well in his 
 weepers. Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. iii. 
 
 If anybody was to marry me, flattering 
 himself as I should wear those hijeous weepers 
 two years for him, he'd be deceived by his 
 own vanity, that's all. G. Eliot, Middle- 
 march, ch. Ixxx. 
 
 WEEP IRISH. H. explains this, to 
 scream, to yell ; but it seems to signify 
 feigned grief, crocodile's tears : pro- 
 bably referring to " the people making 
 a noise " at an Irish wake. 
 
 Surely the Egyptians did not weep-Irish 
 with faigned and mercenary tears. Fuller, 
 Fist/ah Siyht, II. xii. 15. 
 
 What the devil can be the matter ? why 
 all this noise ? here's none but friends ; I 
 don't apprehend that anybody can overhear 
 you ; this is something like the Irish cry. 
 Centlivre, Hickerstajf's Burying. 
 
 WEESE, to ooze. See extract $. v. 
 THOROUGH, and cf . Woos. 
 
 WEESEL, weasand. 
 
 The mastives of our land shall worry ye, 
 And pull the weesels from your greedy 
 
 throats. 
 
 Peele, David and Bethsabe, p. 465. 
 
 There be divers grievances ... (to omit all 
 other which pertaiue to eyes and eares, nos- 
 trills, gums, teeth, mouth, palate, tongue, 
 wesel, chops, face, &c.) belonging properly to 
 the brain. Burton, Anatomy, p. 7. -,- -,*4 
 
 WEILY, well nigh. Sir John Linger 
 means that he has eaten so much as to 
 be near bursting. 
 
 Well, I'm weily brosten, as they sayn 
 in Lancashire. Swift, Polite Conversation 
 (Conv. ii.). 
 
 WELL A FINE, to good purpose. Tus- 
 ser married a Mistress Anne Moone. 
 I chanced soone to find a Moone 
 
 Of cheerful hew, 
 Which well a fine methought did shine. 
 
 Tusser, p. 100. 
 
 WELLINGTONS, a kind of boots that 
 came up the calf of the leg. Cf. 
 BLUCHERS. 
 
 Miss's comb is made a pearl tiara, 
 And common Wellingtons turn Romeo boots. 
 Keats, Modern Love. 
 
 His gaiters, with dust covered o'er, 
 
 Were seen upon his legs no more, 
 
 But when he rode his top-boots shone, 
 
 Or hussar'd a la Wellington. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. v. 
 
 WELL-TO-DO, prosperous. 
 
 John Thornton, then a servitor at Christ 
 Church, fell in love with pretty Jane Hick- 
 man, whose father was a well-to-do farmer. 
 H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. ii. 
 
 There was a well-to-do aspect about the 
 place. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. vi. 
 
 WELSH MAIN, a phrase taken from 
 cock-fighting, explained in the first 
 extract. See quotation s. v. BATTLE- 
 
 EOYAL. 
 
 As if he were backing a Welsh main, where 
 all must fight to death. Scott, Fair Maid of 
 Perth, ii. 71. 
 
 His make evinces such decided marks of 
 strength and courage, that if cat-fighting were 
 as fashionable as cock-fighting, no cat would 
 stand a fairer chance for winning a Welsh 
 main. Southey, Doctor (Cats of Greta Hall). 
 
 WELSH-RABBIT, toasted cheese served 
 on toast. The fondness of the Welsh 
 for cheese is often jested at. See ex- 
 tract from Howell s. v. MOON. 
 
 Go to the tavern, and call for your bottle, 
 and your pipe, and your Welth-rabbit, 
 Graves, Spiritual Quixote, Bk. VII. ch. ix. 
 
 A desire for welsh-rabbits and good old 
 glee-singing led us to the Cave of Harmony. 
 Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. i.
 
 WELTED ( 7 
 
 WELTED, ropy, or stringy ; contain- 
 ing "the motherings." In Middlesex 
 the word = flabby, not crisp, and is 
 specially used of stale cucumbers. 
 
 Her coodn't lave 'ouze by raison of the 
 Chirstsmas bakkon comiu' on, and zome o' 
 the cider welted. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, 
 ch. ii. 
 
 WEM, stomach. In the first extract 
 Cotton is speaking of the Trojan horse. 
 He bad his gang therefore command us, 
 (Tho' Heaven did sure enough withstand us) 
 To probe its wem with wedge and beetle. 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 7. 
 
 For two and thirty days they satisfy'd the 
 decree of the oracle, without being oblig'd to 
 expose any human creature to the monster's 
 wem. Misson, Travels in Eng., p. 105. 
 
 WERISHNESS, insipidity. The Diets, 
 give the adjective ivearish or weerish. 
 
 Beetes is an herbe called in Greek /3\rros, 
 in Latin beta, of whose exceding werishnes 
 and vnsaneriues, euen of old antiquitee, daw- 
 cockes, lowtes, cockescombes, and block- 
 hedcled fooles were, in a prouerbial speaking, 
 said, betizare, to be as werithe and as vnsauery 
 as beetes. tidal' s Erasmus's Apophth., p. 1 18. 
 
 WET, a euphemism for drunken: a 
 wet night = one of hard drinking. 
 When my lost lover the tall ship ascends, 
 With music gay, and wet with jovial friends, 
 The tender accents of a woman's cry 
 Will pass unheard, will unregarded die. 
 
 Prior, Celia to Damon. 
 
 As he knew he should have a wet niyht, it 
 was agreed that he -might gallop back again 
 in time for church on Sunday morning. 
 Thackeray, Vanity Fair, ch. xi. 
 
 WET-QUAKER, a Quaker who is not 
 very strict in the observances of his 
 sect. 
 
 Would you buy any naked truth, or light 
 in a dark lanthorn? Look in the Wet- 
 Quaker's walk. T. Brown, Works, iii. 26. 
 Socinians and Presbyterians, 
 Quakers, and Wet-Quakers or Merry-ones. 
 Ward, England's Reformation, c. ii. p. 175. 
 
 WHACK, a share (slang). 
 
 This gay young bachelor had taken his 
 share (what he called " his whack ") of 
 pleasure. Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, 
 ch. v. 
 
 WHACK, a hard blow. 
 
 A blow descended, such as we must borrow 
 a term from the Sister Island adequately to 
 describe it was a whack. Inyoldsly Legends 
 (Lady Rohesia). 
 
 WHACKER, anything very large 
 (slang). Cf. WHOPPER. 
 
 8 ) WHEELBAND 
 
 " Look what whackers, Cousin Tom," said 
 Charley, holding out one of his prizes by 
 its back towards Tom, while the indignant 
 cray - fish flapped its tail. Hughes, Tom 
 Brown at Oxford, ch. xxx. 
 
 WHARL. See extract. Cf. BUR. 
 
 The natives of this Country [Northumber- 
 land] of the antient original Race or Fami- 
 lies, are distinguished by a Shibboleth upon 
 their Tongues in pronouncing the Letter R, 
 which they can not utter without a hollow 
 Jarring in the Throat, by which they are as 
 plainly known as a Foreigner is by pro- 
 nouncing the Th. : this they call the North- 
 umberland R or Wharle : and the Natives 
 value themselves upon that Imperfection, 
 because, forsooth, it shows the Antiquity of 
 their Blood. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, 
 iii. 233. 
 
 WHARLING, guttural speech. Fuller 
 refers to the Carleton people again in 
 Ch. Hist.. II. v. 6, and in his Worthies 
 among the wonders of Leicestershire. 
 
 [The inhabitants of Carleton have] an ill- 
 favoured, untunable, and harsh manner of 
 speech, fetching their words with very much 
 adoe deepe from out of the throat, with a cer- 
 taine kind of wharliny. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 517. 
 
 It is observed in a village at Cbarleton in 
 Leicestershire that the people therein are 
 troubled with wharliny in their utterance. 
 Fuller, Pisyah Sight, II. ix. i. 
 
 WHAT is WHAT. To know what's 
 ivhat = to have good taste or judg- 
 ment. See extract s. v. KA. 
 
 To vs that knoice ichat is what, those 
 thinges onely are honest whiche be honest 
 of themselfes. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., 
 p. 239. 
 
 Ah, sir, mary nowe I see you know what is 
 what. Ibid., Roister Doister, i. 2. 
 
 Our wyts be not so base, 
 But that we know as well as you 
 Wlutt's what in every case. 
 
 Gooye, Egloas, vii. 
 
 WHEAT-EAR, a bird : the extracts 
 are given for the sake of the derivation, 
 the last of which is the correct one. 
 
 Wheat-ears is a Bird, . . so called because 
 fattest when Wheat is ripe, whereon it feeds. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Sussex (ii. 382). 
 
 There is ... great plenty of the birds so 
 much admired at Tunbridge under the name 
 of wheat-ears. By the by, this is a pleasant 
 corruption of white-a e, the translation of 
 their French name cul Mane, taken from 
 their colour, for they are actually white 
 towards the tail. Smollett, Travels, Letter 
 iii. 
 
 WHEELBAND, the tire of a wheel.
 
 WHEELBARROW ( 719 ) 
 
 WHIFF 
 
 The chariot tree was drown'd in blood, and 
 
 th' arches by the seat 
 Dispurpled from the horses' hoofs, and from 
 
 the wheelbands' beat. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xi. 466. 
 
 WHEELBARROW, one of the many 
 comparisons for a drunken person. 
 Besides, if he such things can do, 
 When drunk as drum or wheelbarrow, 
 What would not this God of October 
 Perform, I prithee, when he's sober. 
 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, 
 p. 243. 
 
 WHEELBARROW. To go to heaven in 
 a wheelbarrow is a euphemism to ex- 
 press going in the other direction. In 
 the painted glass at Fairford, Glouces- 
 tershire, the devil is represented as 
 wheeling off a scolding wife in a 
 barrow. 
 
 This oppressor must needs go to heaven! 
 what shall hinder him ? But it will be, as 
 the by- word is, in a wheelbarrow; the fiends, 
 and not the angels, will take hold on him. 
 Adams, i. 144. 
 
 WHEELERY, circumgyration. 
 With curlings and twistings, and twirls and 
 
 icheeleries, 
 
 Down they drop at the gate of the Tuileries. 
 Inyoldsby Legends (The Truants). 
 
 WHEELLESS, without wheels. 
 
 The carpet . . was already strewed with 
 headless dolls, tailless horses, wheelless carts, 
 &c. Miss Ferrier, Inheritance, i. 296. 
 
 WHEELS WITHIN WHEELS, a com- 
 plication of motives or influences. See 
 quotation s. v. FORMALISER. 
 
 But, sir, is there not danger of their being 
 provoked by such an attack to say something 
 improper, and that they who made the con- 
 tracts with them may do you an ill office on 
 another occasion ? There are wheels within 
 wheels. Johnston, Chrysal, ii. 196. 
 
 *' And a birdcage, sir," said Sam ; " veels 
 vithin veels, a prison in a prison." Pickwick 
 Papers, ch. xl. 
 
 WHELP, a species of ship. For the 
 second quotation I am indebted to a 
 correspondent of N. and Q. (I. i. 106), 
 who suggests that the name may be a 
 punning allusion to a bark. 
 
 At the return of this fleet two of the 
 whefps were cast away, and three ships more. 
 Howell, Letters, I. v. 8. 
 
 25 July, 1635. About six hour I went 
 aboard one of the king's ships called the 
 ninth whelp, which is in the king's books 
 215 ton and tonnage in king's books. She 
 carries sixteen pieces of ordinance. . . This 
 ship is manned with sixty men. Brereton, 
 Travels, p. 164. 
 
 WHELPLESS, childless; bereft of 
 whelps. 
 
 The old lion glaring with his whelpless eye. 
 Tennyson, Princess, vi. 
 
 WHEREOF, wherefore: this vulgar- 
 ism is sometimes heard. In the follow- 
 ing extracts Walpole italicizes the word 
 to show that he uses it in a peculiar 
 way. 
 
 Our Duke goes with his lord and father 
 they say to marry a princess of Prussia, 
 whereof great preparations have been making 
 in his equipage and in his breeches. Wal- 
 pole to Mann, i. 208 (1742). 
 
 Mr. N. has offered to be postman to you ; 
 whereof, though I have nothing, or as little 
 as nothing, to say, I thought as how it would 
 look kinder to send nothing in writing than 
 by word of mouth. Hid., Letters, iv. 498 
 (1790). 
 
 WHERVE. R. cites Holland (Plinie, 
 xi. 24), and says, "There is no corre- 
 sponding word in the original, nor has 
 the word occurred elsewhere ; but it is 
 probably derived from A.S. hweorfan, 
 volvere" He is mistaken in supposing 
 that the word does not occur elsewhere. 
 The corresponding term in Virgil (^En., 
 viii. 430), as rendered by Stanyhurst, is 
 radios ; in Rabelais, vertoil. H. gives 
 " Wherve, a joint. Somerset." Bailey 
 has " Whirle or Whern (wirvel, Teut. ), a 
 round piece of wood put on the spindle 
 of a spinning wheel. C " [ountry 
 word]. Stanyhurst describes, as among 
 the elements of an unfinished thunder- 
 bolt lying in Vulcan's workshop 
 
 Three wheru's fyerd glystring, with Sout- 
 wynds rufflered huffliug. Stanyhurst, Con- 
 ceites, p. 137. 
 
 Wouldst thou . . . blunt the spindles, join 
 the wheraes, slander the spinning-quills . . . 
 of the weird Sister-Parcse ? Urquhart's Ra- 
 belais, Bk. III. ch. xxviii. 
 
 WHETTEN, to sharpen. 
 
 My mynd was greedelye whetned 
 Too parle with the Regent. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 306. 
 
 WHEY-FACED, pallid. Macbeth (V. 
 iii.) uses whey-face as a substantive. 
 
 His pious dame with a ruff about her neck, 
 and as many whey-faced girls, all kneeling 
 behind her. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe vi 
 111. 
 
 I helped you in prosecuting (or persecut- 
 ing) your tutor, whey-faced Mr. Vining. 
 C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, ch. xvii. 
 
 WHIFF, to drink. 
 
 In this season we might press and malre
 
 WHIFFLE 
 
 ( 720 ) 
 
 WHIPPER 
 
 the wine, and in winter whiff it up. Urqu- 
 hart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxvii. 
 
 Gargantua whiffed the great draught. 
 Ibid., Bk. I. ch. xxxix. 
 
 WHIFFLE, to drink. 
 
 Constrain an easy, good-natured fellow to 
 whiffle, quaff, carouse. Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. III. (Author's Prologue). 
 
 WHIM, a sort of capstan. 
 
 "We went back to the pit's mouth ; the 
 men were tearing round the whim faster 
 than horses could 'a done it. H. Kinysley, 
 Geqffry Hamlyn, ch. xxxvi. 
 
 WHIMBREL, a bird of the curlew 
 kind : numenius phceopus. 
 
 "Hear that?" "Only a whimbrel, isn't 
 it ? " said George. " That's somethirg worse 
 than a wkimbrel, I'm thinking," said the other. 
 H. Kinysley, Geoffry Hamlyn, ch. v. 
 
 WHIMSY-BOARD, an instrument or 
 table used in some game of chance. A 
 correspondent of N. and Q. (III. vi. 
 208) says that in looking over some 
 Churchwardens' Accounts of the date 
 1684 he found the note of an applica- 
 tion to the magistrates for permission 
 to remove the whimsey-board, because 
 " it had become the resort of loose and 
 disorderly characters, and some of the 
 servants had taken their masters' money 
 to play away." 
 
 I am sometimes a small retainer to a 
 billiard-table, and sometimes, when the 
 master of it is sick, earn a penny by a 
 whimsy-board. T. Brown, Works, ii. 17. 
 
 WHINSTONE, the toadstone, according 
 toH. 
 
 We found good verdure, and some curious 
 whin-rocks, or collections of stones, like the 
 ruins of the foundations of old buildings. 
 Jioswell, Life of Johnson, iv. 167. 
 
 The swift, sharp hound, once fit to be 
 Diana's, breaks his old teeth now, gnawing 
 mere whinstones. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. III. 
 Bk. I. ch. ii. 
 
 WHIP, an interjection = immedi- 
 ately. 
 
 You all talk it well affore you get in, but 
 you are no sooner chose in but whip ! you are 
 as proud as the devil. Centlivre, Gotham 
 Election. 
 
 When I came, whip was the key turned 
 upon the girls. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, 
 nii. 267. 
 
 WHIP, a coachman or driver. 
 
 Major Benson, who was a famous whip, 
 took his seat on the box of the barouche. 
 Miss Edyeicorth, Absentee, ch. viii. 
 
 You're] a wery good whip, and can do 
 what you like with your horses. Pickicick 
 Papers, ch. xiii. 
 
 WHIP-BELLY-VENGEANCE, swipes, as 
 having an unpleasant effect on the 
 intestines. Cf. ROT-GUT, WHISTLE- 
 BELLY-VENGEANCE. 
 
 I believe the brewer forgot the malt, or 
 the river was too near him. Faith, it's meer 
 whip-belly-vengeance. Swift, Polite Conversa- 
 tion (Conv. ii.). 
 
 WHIPCAN, boon companion ; tippler : 
 a literal translation of fesse-pinte in 
 the original. 
 
 He would prove an especial good fellow, 
 and singular whipcan. Urquhart's Rabelais, 
 Bk. I. ch. viii. 
 
 WHIPCAT, drunken. 
 
 With whipcat bowling they kept a myrry 
 carousing. Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 367. 
 
 WHIP-HANDLES. See quotation. Ra- 
 belais is speaking of pigmies. 
 
 These little ends of men and dandiprats 
 (whom in Scotland they call whiphandles 
 (inanches d'estrilles), and knots of a tar- 
 barrel) are commonly very testy and choleric. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxvii. 
 
 WHIPJACK, u a vagabond who begged 
 for alms as a distressed seaman," and 
 so a term of reproach generally. 
 
 Albeit one Boner (a bare whijipe Jacke) for 
 lucre of money toke vpon him to be thy 
 father, and than to mary thy mother, yet 
 thou wast persone Savage's bastarde. Up. 
 Ponet (Maitland on Reformation, p. 74). 
 
 Sir Charles Grandison is none of your 
 gew-gaw whip-jacks that you know not 
 where to have. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 
 156. 
 
 WHIP-KING, a ruler of kings ; king- 
 maker. 
 
 Richard Nevill, that whip-king (as some 
 tearined .him), . . . going about .... to turn 
 and translate scepters at his pleasure. 
 Holland's Camden, p. 571. 
 
 WHIPMASTEII, flogger : the word in 
 the original is flagellator. Cf. FLOQ- 
 
 MASTER. 
 
 Woe to our backsides, he is a greater 
 whipmaster than Busby himself. Bailey's 
 Erasmus, p. 56. 
 
 WHIPPER, something stiperexcellent ; 
 something that whips all rivals, as an 
 American might say. 
 Mark wel this, this relique heer is a whipper, 
 My freend unfayued, this is a slipper 
 Of one of the seven slepers, be sure. 
 Hey wood, Four P's (Dodsley, 0. PL, i. 103).
 
 WHIPPER-SNAPPER ( 721 ) 
 
 WH1RLY-BATS 
 
 WHIPPER-SNAPPER, a contemptuous 
 term for an insignificant fellow : used 
 also adjectivally. 
 
 A parcel of whipper-snapper sparks. 
 Fielding, Jos. Andrews, Bk. IV. ch. vi. 
 
 The dog was frequently detected in all its 
 varieties, from the lap-dog, who had passed 
 into the whipper-snapper petit-maitre, and the 
 turn-spit who was now the bandy-legged 
 baker's boy, to the Squire's eldest sou, who 
 had been a lurcher. Southey, Doctor, ch. 
 crxvii. 
 
 WHIPPINCRUST. Dr. Wagner in his 
 edit, of Faustus (London series of Eng. 
 Classics) says, " Whippincrust is not 
 found in any dictionary accessible to 
 the present editor. The German trans- 
 lator, Dr. A. v. d. Velde, expresses it 
 by Prugelruster, and adds that this 
 was suggested to him by the first part 
 of this apparently compounded word. 
 But cannot whippincrust be a kind of 
 pie-crust which contained eggs beaten 
 or whipt into it ? or even a drink con- 
 taining whipt eggs and bread ? " So 
 people used to speak of a toast and 
 tankard. The scene in which it occurs 
 does not seem to be from Marlowe's 
 hand, not being found in the two old 
 editions. 
 
 I'll give thee white wine, red wine, claret 
 wine, sack, muskadine, malmsey, and whip- 
 pincrust. Doctor Faustus, ii. 3. 
 
 WHIPPING-CHEER, chastisement; flog- 
 ging- 
 
 Since there is no remedy but that whip- 
 ping - cheer must close up my stomach, I 
 would request a note from your grace to the 
 carman to intreat him to drive apace ; I shall 
 never endure it else. Davenport, City Night- 
 Cap, Act IV. 
 
 Hell is the place where whipping - cheer 
 abounds. 
 
 Herrick, Noble Numbers, p. 398 
 (see also p. 427). 
 
 For better fare thou shalt find here 
 Than that same sowre-sauc'd whijjping-cheer. 
 Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 187. 
 
 WHIPPING-SNAPPING, diminutive; in- 
 significant : the participial form is rare. 
 
 Though they had seven - leagued boots, 
 you remember all sorts of u'hippiny-snapping 
 Tom Thumbs used to elude and outrun them. 
 Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, xv. 
 
 WHIPPING THE SNAKE (?). 
 
 The noble and antient recreation of round 
 robin, hey-jinks, and whipping the snake, in 
 great request with the merry sailors in "Wap- 
 ping. T. JJrown, Works, i. 150. 
 
 WHIPSNAKE, a venomous snake, so 
 called from its resemblance to a whip- 
 lash. 
 
 He wished it had been a whipsnake instead 
 of a magpie. H. Kinysley, Geoff 'ry Hamlyn, 
 ch. xxvii. 
 
 WHIP-STITCH, to stitch slightly. 
 
 In making of velvet breeches . . there is 
 required silke lace, cloth of golde, of silver, 
 and such costly stuff e, to welt, guard, whip- 
 stitch, edge, face, and draw out. Greene, 
 Quip for Upstart Courtier (Harl. Misc., v. 
 404). 
 
 WHIRL-ABOUT, a great fish of the 
 whale species. In the quotation taken 
 by itself the word might seem to mean 
 waterspout, but the context shows that 
 it is a fish of some sort, like the whirl- 
 pool mentioned ten lines lower down, 
 or the whirl-whale, q. v. 
 Shall I omit the monstrous whirl-about, 
 "Which in the sea another sea doth spout ? 
 Sylvester, Fifth day, first weeke, 98. 
 
 WHIRLBLAST, whirlwind. See quota- 
 tion s. v. MYKRHY. 
 
 The whirl-blast comes, the desert-sands rise 
 
 up. Coleridge, Night-Scent. 
 A whirl-blast from behind the hill 
 Kushed o'er the wood with startling sound. 
 
 Wordsworth, Poems of Fancy, iii. 
 How easily might these, dashing out on 
 Lafayette, snatch off the Hereditary Repre- 
 sentative, and roll away with him after the 
 manner of a whirlblast, whither they listed. 
 Carlyle, Ft: Rev., Pt. II. Bk. IV. ch. i. 
 
 WHIRLE, a spinning-wheel. 
 Nourse, medle you with your spindle and 
 your whirle. Udal, Roister Doister, i. 3. 
 
 WHIRLERY, wheeling flight (?), or 
 noise (?). 
 
 Thee gulligut harpeys 
 From mountayns flitter, with gagling whirl- 
 
 erye flapping 
 Theyr wings. Stanyhurst, JEn., iii. 249. 
 
 WHIRL-FIRE, electric fluid. 
 The smoakiug storms, the whirl-Jire's crack- 
 ling clash. Sylvester, The Lawe, 1011. 
 
 WHIRL-WHALE, a large whale, some- 
 times called a whirlpool (Job xli. 1, 
 margin). Cf. WHIRL-ABOUT. 
 Another swallowed in a whirl-whale 1 s womb, 
 Is layd aliue within a lining tomb. 
 
 Sylvester, Tlie Lawe, 732. 
 
 WHIRLY-BATS, in the original ccestuum 
 certamen. The c&stiis was a sort of 
 gauntlet of bull's hide with leaden or 
 iron bosses. See L. s. v. ivhirl-bat. 
 
 3A
 
 WHIRRICK 
 
 ( 722 ) 
 
 WHITE-MAIL 
 
 Lau. Running is a more noble exercise, for 
 JEu<>as in Virgil proposed this exercise. 
 
 Vi. Very true ; and he also proposed the 
 fighting with whirly-bats too, and I do not 
 like that sport. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 48. 
 
 WHIRRICK, a blow. N. has whirret. 
 
 Harry . . . gave master such a whirrick 
 that his cries instantly sounded the ne plus 
 ultra to such kind of diversions. H. Brooke, 
 Fool of Quality, i. 21. 
 
 WHISKERANDOED, having bushy whis- 
 kers. 
 
 To what follies and what extravagancies 
 would the whisker andoed macaronies of Bond 
 Street and St. James's proceed, if the beard 
 once more were, instead of the neckcloth, to 
 " make the man." Southey, The Doctor, ch. 
 clvi. 
 
 WHISKEYFIED, bemused with whiskey. 
 
 The two whiskey fied gentlemen are up with 
 her, however. Thackeray, The Virginians, 
 ch. xxxviii. 
 
 This person was a sort of whiskified Old 
 Mortality, who claimed to have cut all man- 
 ner of tombstones standing around. Black, 
 Adventures of a Phaeton, ch. xxviii. 
 
 WHISKY-FRISKY, flighty. 
 
 As to talking in such a whisky -frisky 
 manner that nobody can understand him, 
 why it's tantamount to not talking at all. 
 Mad. D'Arblay, Cecilia, Bk. IX. ch. iii. 
 
 WHISPEROUSLY, whisperingly. 
 
 The Duchess in awe of Carr Vipont sinks 
 her voice, and gabbles on whisperously. 
 Lytton, What will he do with it? Bk. V. 
 ch. viii. 
 
 WHISTER, to whisper. 
 
 Then returneth she home unto the sicke 
 party, .... and whistereth a certaine odde 
 praier with a Pater Noster into his eare. 
 Holland's Camden, ii. 147. 
 
 Oft fine whistriny noise shall bring sweete 
 sleepe to thy sences. Webbe, Eng. Poetrie, 
 p. 75. 
 
 WHISTERSNEFET, a buffet 
 
 A good whistersnefet truelie paied on his 
 eare. UdaCs Erasmus's Apophth., p. 112. 
 
 WHISTLE. To go whistle = to be 
 discomfited or disappointed. See quot- 
 ation s. v. FAT. The extract from 
 Johnston explains the origin of the 
 phrase. 
 
 Your fame is secure, bid the critics go whistle. 
 Shenstone, The Poet and the Dun. 
 
 " Do you not desire to be free ? " " De- 
 sire ! aye, that I do ; but I may whistle for 
 that wind long enough before it will blow." 
 Johnston, Chrysal, ii. 184. 
 
 If Measter Cholmley don't do what I ax 
 
 him, he may go whistle for my vote, he may. 
 Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, ch. iv. 
 
 WHISTLE = whim, or fancy, in the 
 phrase " pay for one's whistle.' 1 '' 
 
 I wouldn't destroy any old bits, but that 
 notion of reproducing the old is a mistake, I 
 think ; at least, if a man likes to do it, he 
 must pay for his whistle. G. Eliot, Daniel 
 Deronda, ch. xxxv. 
 
 WHISTLE-BELLY VENGEANCE, swipes ; 
 bad liquor. Cf. WHIP-BELLY VEN- 
 GEANCE. 
 
 "I thought you wouldn't appreciate the 
 widow's tap," said East, watching him with 
 a grin : " regular whistle-belly vengeance, and 
 no mistake." Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, 
 ch. xli. 
 
 WHISTLE-DRUNK, completely drunk. 
 
 He was indeed, according to the vulgar 
 phrase, whistle-drunk; for before he had 
 swallowed the third bottle, he became so en- 
 tirely overpowered, that though he was not 
 carried off to bed till long after, the parson 
 considered him as absent. Fielding, Tom 
 Jones, Bk. XII. ch. ii. 
 
 WHITEBOYS, Irish rioters, so called 
 because they wore white frocks over 
 their coats. Walpole uses the term of 
 London rioters. 
 
 Those black dogs, the whiteboys or coal- 
 heavers, are dispersed or taken. Walpole, 
 Letters, iiii 250 (1768). 
 
 WHITECHAPEL SHAVE. See extract. 
 
 Blue-bearded though they were, and bereft 
 of the youthful smoothness of cheek which 
 is imparted by what is termed in Albion a 
 " Whitechapel Shave" (and which is, in fact, 
 whitening judiciously applied to the jaws 
 with the palm of the hand), I recognised 
 them. Dickens, Uncommercial Traveller, xxv. 
 
 WHITE HORSES, a name given to the 
 tossing, white-topped waves. 
 
 The bay is now curling and writhing in 
 white horses under a smoking south-wester. 
 C. Kinysley, 1849 (Life, i. 168). 
 
 WHITE LIE, a pious fraud. The first 
 quotation is a speech of George III.'s 
 when insane. 
 
 Sir George has told me a lie a white lie, 
 he says, but I hate a white lie; if you will 
 tell me a lie, let it be a black lie. Mad. 
 D'Arblay, Diary, iv. 289. 
 
 I wish that word fib was out of the Eng- 
 lish language, and white lie drummed out 
 after it. Miss Edgeworth, Helen, ch. vi. 
 
 WHITE-MAIL. Black-mail was a tax 
 paid to a powerful chieftain or robber 
 by which the payer compounded for 
 security for the rest of his property ; to
 
 WHITE MOORS ( 723 ) 
 
 white-mail is to levy this sort of tax 
 for a good purpose. 
 
 He spent much of his gains, however, in 
 sovereign herbs and choice drugs, and would 
 have so invested them all, but Margaret 
 white -mailed a part. Beade, Cloister and 
 Hearth, oh. lii. 
 
 WHITE MOORS, a name given to the 
 Genoese. 
 
 It is proverbially said, there are in Genoa 
 mountaines without wood, sea without fish, 
 women without shame, and men without 
 conscience, which makes them to be termed 
 the white Moores.Howell, Forraine Travell, 
 sect. 7. 
 
 WHITES, a name given to certain 
 manufactured cloths. See extract 
 from Fuller s. v. MEDLEY. 
 
 Salisbury has .... Long Cloths for the 
 Turkey trade, called Salisbury Whites 
 Defoe, Tour thro" G. Britain, i. 324 
 
 This Town [Burstall] is famed for Dying 
 and there is made here a sort of Cloth in 
 imitation of Gloucester Whites, which, tho' 
 they may not be so fine, yet their colours 
 are as good. Ibid., iii. 146. 
 
 WHITES, whites of the eyes. 
 
 And he, poor heart, no sooner heard my 
 
 news, 
 But turns me up his whites, and falls flat 
 
 down. Grim the Collier, Act III. 
 
 The tradesman, lifting up both his hands 
 and whites to Heaven, calls upon the company 
 saying, "Dearly beloved brethren, let us 
 praise God better." Barnard, Life of Hey. 
 hn, p. clxxx. 
 
 WHITES, white vestments. The 
 second extract is from the instructions 
 ot Charles I. as to what was to be ob- 
 served in the Chapel Royal at Holyrood. 
 
 You clothe Christ with your blacks on 
 earth, he will clothe you with his glorious 
 ichttes in heaven. Adams, ii. 174. 
 
 That the Dean of our chappel that now is 
 and so successively, come duly thither to 
 prayers upon Sundaies and such Holidaies 
 as the Church observes, in his whites, and 
 preach so whensoever he preach there. 
 Heyhn, Life of Laud, p. 262. 
 
 WHITE-WITCH, a wizard or witch, 
 not of a malicious kind. See quotation 
 s. v. YARBS. 
 
 The common people call him a wizard, a 
 white-witch, a conjuror, a cunning-man a 
 necromzucer.-Addison, The Dimmer, Act 
 
 He was what the vulgar call a white-witch 
 a cunning-man, and such like.-&- , Kenil- 
 worth, i. 170. 
 
 When he had warts or burns, he went to 
 the white-witch at Xortham to charm them 
 , Westward Ho, ch i 
 
 WHOLE 
 
 WHITING'S EYE. See quotation. 
 
 I saw him just now give her the languish- 
 ing eye, as they call it, that is, the whitinq's 
 eye, of old called the sheep's eye. Wycher- 
 ley, Gentleman Dancing Master, iv. 1. 
 
 WHITSON-LORD, the president of a 
 W nitsun-ale, q. v. in N. 
 A cooper's wit, or some such busy spark, 
 Illumining the high constable and his clerk 
 And all the neighbourhood from old records 
 01 antique proverbs, drawn from Whitson- 
 tords.Jonson, Tale of a Tub (Prologue). 
 
 WHITSTER, a bleacher of linen. This 
 word is in the Diets., but all have one 
 n? yk e / ame T Cation (Merry Wives 
 of Windsor, III. iii.). N. says, "I do 
 not know that the word is even now 
 out of use; but the authorities for it 
 are few. 
 
 So home, and my wife and maids being 
 gone over the water to the whitster's with 
 their clothes, this being the first time of her 
 
 WHITTAW. See quotation; also H 
 s. v. whtttawer. 
 
 Men are busy there mending the harness 
 under the superintendence of Mr. Goby the 
 
 0e se saddler -- (? - Eii 
 
 WHITTIE-WHATTIE, to whisper. 
 
 " ?? * &1C fl e nhittie-whattieing about, ye 
 gowk ? said his gentle sister, who suspected 
 the tenor of his murmurs. Scott, Pirate, i. 
 
 WHITTLE, explained in a note to be 
 a cant word for confessing at the 
 gallows." 
 
 I must speak to the people a little, 
 
 i 7 ^ ? U a11 damn 'd before I will 
 whittle. Swift, Clever Tom Clinch. 
 
 WHITWALL, a bird. 
 
 No sound was heard, except from far 
 away 
 
 The ringing of the whitwaWs shrilly laughter 
 Or, now and then, the chatter of the jfy, ' 
 Ihat Echo murmur'd after. 
 
 Hood, Haunted House. 
 
 WHIZLE, to whistle. 
 
 Hush do the winds forward through perst 
 chinck narrolye whidiny. 
 
 Stanyhurst, JEn., i. 92. 
 WHOLE. By the whole = wholesale. 
 ** the currier bought not leather by the 
 
 Lv^Jf ,f tanner > the shoemaker might 
 fcave it at a more reasonable price ~ 
 1#up for Upstart Courtier (Harl. ' 
 
 3*2
 
 WHOLE-HOGGERY ( 724 ) WIDOW-BEWITCHED 
 
 WHOLE-HOGGERY, a thorough-going 
 clique or party. See quotation from 
 Southey s. v. BLUE-RUIN, where it seems 
 to mean the extreme reformers. 
 
 WHOLE-ONES, bumpers (?) ; full 
 meals (?). 
 
 You use to gourmandize it upon full 
 stomacks, to force carowses and Whole-ones 
 until you be full up to the very throat. 
 Howell, Parly of Beasts, p. 27. 
 
 WHOOP. " Cotgrave says it is a sort 
 of dunghill cock that loves to nestle in 
 man's ordure, and hath a great crest or 
 tuft of feathers on its head. M. le 
 Duchat (quoting Belon, of birds) says 
 it is a silly bird almost without any 
 tongue, and by its ill-articulated voice 
 it resembles that of matin-mumblers " 
 (note in loc.). 
 
 To the same place camehis orison-mutterer, 
 impaletocked or lapped up about the chin, 
 like a tufted whoop (comme une duppe). 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. I. ch. xxi. 
 
 Were they as copped and high-crested as 
 marish whoops, ... it is all one to me. 
 Ibid., Bk. II. ch. rii. 
 
 WHOPPER, anything big (slang). Cf . 
 
 WHACKER. 
 
 This is a whopper that's after us. Manyat, 
 Fr. Mildmay, ch. xx. 
 
 There's a whopper rising not more than ten 
 yards below the rail. Hughes, Tom Brown 
 at Oxford, ch. xlvii. 
 
 WHORE'S-BIRD, a vulgar term of abuse. 
 The word will also be found in Clarissa 
 Harlowe, v. 215. In the extract from 
 Hughes it is in a provincial form } the 
 speaker is supposed to be a Berkshire 
 man. 
 
 They'd set some sturdy whore's-bird to meet 
 me, and beat out ha'f a dozen of my teeth. 
 Plautui made English, p. 9 (1694). 
 
 Damn you all together for a pack of 
 whores'-birds as you are. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. IV. ch. ix. 
 
 " Imp'dent old wosbird!" says he, "I'll 
 break the bald head on un." Hughes, Tom 
 JJroicn's Schooldays, Pt. I. ch. ii. 
 
 WHORL. L. defines it "turn of the 
 spire of a univalve shell," but gives 
 no example. 
 
 See what a lovely shell, 
 Small and pure as a pearl, 
 Lying close to my foot ; 
 Frail, but a work divine, 
 Made so fairily well 
 With delicate spire and whorl. 
 
 Tennyson, Maud, Pt. II. ii. 
 
 WHORTLES, whortleberries. See ex- 
 tract s. v. TUMP. 
 
 WHURRE, hurry. In Pericles IV. i., 
 as quoted by L., whir = to hurry. 
 No haste but good, Madge Mumblecrust, for 
 
 whip and whurre, 
 The old prouerbe doth say, neuer made good 
 
 furre. Udal, Bolster Doister, i. 3. 
 
 WHY- NOT. To have at a why -not = 
 to have at a stand or in a dilemma. 
 
 Now, dame Sally, I.have you at a why-not, 
 or I never had. Richardson, Grandison, vi. 
 156. 
 
 WICKER, a wicker basket. 
 Each having a white wicker, overbrimm'd 
 With April's tender younglings. 
 
 Keats, Endymion, Bk. I. 
 
 WICKET, mouth. 
 With hir that will clicket make daunger to 
 
 cope, 
 
 Least quickly hir wicket seeme easie to ope. 
 Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 169. 
 
 WIDE, wide of the mark, and so, 
 bad. 
 
 God eyther denyes or defers the grant of 
 our requests for our good ; it were wide for 
 us if our suites should be euer heard. Hall, 
 Contempt. (Aaron and Miriam). 
 
 It would be wide with the best of us if the 
 eye of God should looke backward to our 
 former estate. Ibid. (Rahab). 
 
 WIDE AWAKE, keen ; sharp. 
 
 Our governor's wide aicake, he is: I'll 
 never say nothin' agin him nor no man, but 
 he knows what's o'clock, he does ; un- 
 common. Sketches by Boz ( IVatkins Tottle). 
 
 " Your aunt is a woman who is uncommon 
 iride awake, I can tell you." " I always 
 knew, sir, that my aunt was perfectly aware 
 of the time of day," says Barnes, with a low 
 bow. Thackeray, Newcomes, ch. xx. 
 
 WIDE-AWAKE, a soft felt hat with 
 broad brim. 
 
 " Then the fairy knight is extinct in Eng- 
 land ? " asked Stangrave, smiling. " No man 
 less ; only he ... has found a wide-airake 
 cooler than an iron kettle." C. Kuiysley, Two 
 Years Ago, Introduction. 
 
 She was one of the first who appeared in 
 the Park in a low-crowned hat a wide-awake. 
 H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. xliii. 
 
 WIDOW-BEWITCHED, a woman separ- 
 ated from her husband. In the ori- 
 ginal there is nothing answering to this 
 phrase in the first extract. 
 
 They should see you divorced from your 
 husband a widow, nay, to live (a widow 
 beicitched) worse than a widow ; for widows 
 may marry again. Bailey's Erasmus, p. 
 136. 
 
 Who'd ha' thought of yo'r husband, him 
 as was so slow and sure, steady Philip, as we 
 lasses used to ca' him, makiu' a moonlight
 
 WIDOWS MAN ( 725 ) 
 
 WIND 
 
 flittin', and leavin' yo' to be a iridow 
 beicitched? Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 ch. xxxix. 
 
 WIDOW'S MAN. The extracts give 
 different meanings to this expression. 
 
 As to Square, who was in his person what 
 is called a jolly fellow, or a widow's man, he 
 easily reconciled his choice to the eternal 
 fitness of things. Fielding, Tom Jones, Bk. 
 III. ch. vi. 
 
 Widow's men are imaginary sailors, home 
 on the books, and receiving pay and prize 
 money, which is appropriated to Greenwich 
 Hospital. Marryat, Peter Simple, ch. vii., 
 note. 
 
 WIFT, flag (?) ; weft; something 
 woven (?). 
 
 Having held off the enemy some two 
 houres, and given a signe to the Towne by 
 hanging out a wift that he was in distresse. 
 Observable Passages in late siege of Ply- 
 mouth, 1644, p. 5. 
 
 WIGGERY, used in the first extract for 
 empty formalities or red-tapeism ; in 
 the second for false hair. 
 
 There is yet in venerable wigged Justice 
 some wisdom amid such mountains of wiy- 
 yeries and folly. Carlyle, Past and Present, 
 Bk. II. ch. xvii. 
 
 She was a ghastly thing to look at, as well 
 from the quantity as from the nature of the 
 wiggeries that she wore. She had not only a 
 false front, but long false curls. Trollope, 
 Last Chronicle of Barset, ch. xxiv. 
 
 WIGLESS, without a wig. 
 Though wigless, with his cassock torn, he 
 
 bounds 
 From some facetious Squire's encouraged 
 
 hounds. 
 
 Colman, Vagaries Vindicated, p. 206. 
 
 WIG- WAG, writhing ; wriggling. The 
 serpents attacking Laocoon are de- 
 scribed as 
 His midil embracing with ing-wag circuled 
 
 hooping. Stanyhurst, *3Sn., ii. 230. 
 
 WILD-BRAIN, a harebrain. 
 
 I must let fly my civil fortunes, turn irild- 
 brain, lay my wits upo' th' tenters, you ras- 
 cals. Middleton, A mad world, my masters, 
 I. i. 
 
 WILDEREDLT, wildly ; bewilderedly. 
 Thou speak'st so mlderedly. 
 
 Taylor, Isaac Commenus, ii. 2. 
 
 WILDERMENT, bewilderment. 
 So in wilderment of gazing I looked up, and I 
 looked down. 
 
 Mrs. Browning, The Lost Bower. 
 
 WILDING, growing wild. 
 
 And here had fall'n a great part of a tower, 
 Whole, like a crag that tumbles from the 
 
 cliff, 
 
 And like a crag was gay with wilding flowers. 
 Tennyson, Geraint and Enid. 
 
 WILDISH, rather wild. 
 He is a little wildish, they say. Richard- 
 son, Pamela, i. 129. 
 
 WILD-WIND, a hurricane. 
 There happened an Hirecano or wild-icind. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Essex (i. 338). 
 
 WILES, wealds (?). 
 
 The earth is the Lord's and all the corners 
 thereof ; He created the mountaines of Wales 
 as well as the wiles of Kent. Howell, For- 
 raine Travell, sect. 5. 
 
 WILFULLING, wilfulness. See extract 
 s. v. BAY. 
 
 WILL-LESS, involuntary ; without will 
 of one's own. 
 
 All may be done, and the world be taught 
 further to admire you for your blind duty 
 and wil-less resignation. Richardson, Cl. 
 Harloice, i. 99. 
 
 WILLO, trap for fish : weel is the usual 
 form. 
 
 We behold, as it were, fishes of all sorts in 
 a fisher's trunk or willo. Philpot, p. 385. 
 
 WILLY-NILLY, nolens volens ; also, 
 vacillating. 
 
 If I thought myself bound to doctor the 
 man icilly-nilly, as you do, I would certainly 
 go to him. Kinydey. Two Years Ago, ch. x. 
 
 Some one saw thy willy-nilly nun 
 
 Vying a tress against our golden fern. 
 Tennyson, Harold, v. 1. 
 
 WINCHESTER. The Winchester pint 
 equalled a quart. Skelton, complaining 
 of the short measure given by public- 
 ans, and reverting to the days of Henry 
 VIII., says 
 
 Full Winchester gage 
 We had in that age. 
 
 Elynour Rummin (Harl. Misc., 
 
 i. 415). 
 
 Where [have you] squander'd away the 
 tiresome minutes of your evening leisure 
 over seal'd Winchesters of three-penny guz- 
 zle ?T. Brown, Works, ii. 180. 
 
 WIND. Is the ivind in that door ? = 
 is that the case ? sits the wind in that 
 quarter ? 
 
 " Why," quoth Pompeius, " is the winde in 
 this doore, that except Lucullus were a man 
 geuen to delices, Pompeius might in no 
 wise continue alive ? " Udal's Erasmut's 
 Apophth., p. 318.
 
 WIND 
 
 ( 726 ) 
 
 WINDMILL Y 
 
 Thras. I am come to entreat you to stand 
 my friend, and to favour me with a longer 
 time, and I will make you sufficient consider- 
 ation. 
 
 Usurer. Is the wind in tJutt door ? If thou 
 hast my money, so it is : I will not defer a 
 day, an hour, a minute. Greene, Looking- 
 Glass for London, p. 121. 
 
 The wind is gotten into the other door since 
 we were prosecuted and decried as Pelagians 
 and enemies of grace. Bramhall, iii. 507. 
 
 WIND. To take wind = to be known ; 
 to transpire. 
 
 If the lords had sat in the morning, the 
 design to be executed at one o'clock might 
 have taken wind. North, Life of Lovd, Guil- 
 ford, i. 101. 
 
 WIND. To raise the wind = to pro- 
 cure money. 
 
 So wheu to raise the wind some lawyer tries, 
 Mysterious skins of parchment meet our 
 eyes. 
 
 J. and H. Smith, Eejected Addresses, 
 p. 136. 
 
 Fortune at present is unkind, 
 
 And we, dear sir, must raise the wind. 
 
 Combe, Dr. Syntax, Tour III. c. iii. 
 
 WINDAGE. L. defines this, " Differ- 
 ence in guns between the diameter of 
 the bore and that of the shot : " he gives 
 no example. In the extract this cannot 
 be the meaning ; it seems rather to 
 signify the wind caused by the close 
 and rapid passage of the shot. 
 
 The last shot flying so close to Captain 
 Portar that with the windage of the bullet 
 his very hands had almost lost the sense of 
 feeling, being struck into a sudden numbness. 
 Peeke, Three to One, 1625 (Arber, Eng. 
 Garner, i. 626). 
 
 WIND AND WATER. Between wind 
 and water = full in the midst ; the 
 exact wave-line of a ship. L. has the 
 phrase with extract from Macaulay. 
 The extract is of the date 1627. 
 
 He had hit his desires in the master-vein, 
 and struck his former jealousie between wind 
 and water, so that it sunk in the instant. 
 Hist, of Edward //., p. 11. 
 
 WINDBALL, a ball inflated with air. 
 
 Generally the high stile is disgraced and 
 made foolish and ridiculous by all wordes 
 affected, counterfait, and puffed vp, as it 
 were a windball carrying more countenance 
 than matter. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, Bk. 
 III. ch. vi. 
 
 WINDBROACH, a fiddle of an inferior 
 kind ; vielle. 
 Nero, a base blind fiddler, or player on 
 
 that instrument which is called &windbroach. 
 Urquhart's Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxx. 
 
 For an old mau to pretend to talk wisely 
 is like a musician's endeavouring to fumble 
 out a flue sonata upon a wind-broach ; though 
 the time be good, the instrument is imper- 
 fect. T. Brown, Works, ii. 234. 
 
 WINDER, wither. 
 
 The herb Laserpitium there growing is of 
 so sauage and churlish a nature that ... if 
 one should goe about to tend and cherish it, 
 it would . . . winder away and die. Holland, 
 Pliny, xix. 3. 
 
 WINDLACE. See quotation, where a 
 peculiar use of the word is noted. 
 
 The arblast was a cross-bow, the windlace 
 the machine used in bending that weapon. 
 Scott, Ivanhoe, ii. 93. 
 
 WINDLASS, to bend. L. has it as a 
 verb neuter = to act indirectly ; in the 
 second extract it = to raise by a wind- 
 lass. 
 
 Your words, my friend (right healthful caus- 
 
 ticks), blame 
 My young mind marM, whom Love doth 
 
 windlas so, 
 That mine own writings like bad servants 
 
 shew 
 
 My wits quick in vain thoughts, in virtue 
 lame. 
 
 Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, st. 21. 
 " But the truth is all I want to get at," 
 said Beauclerc. " Let her rest, my dear sir, 
 at the bottom of her well ; there she is, and, 
 there she will be for ever and ever, and 
 depend upon it, none of our windlassinq will 
 ever bring her up. Miss Edgeworth, Helen, 
 ch. xiv. 
 
 WINDLATCH, windlass or windlace, 
 q.v. in N.: metaphorically, contrivance. 
 
 The former are brought forth by a wind- 
 latch of a trial to charge the latter with the 
 foulest of crimes. North,- Examen, p. 307. 
 
 WINDLE, a machine on which yarn is 
 wound. See H. R. has ivindle as a 
 verb = to wind. 
 
 Speak her fair and canny, or we will have 
 a ravelled hasp on the y&rn-windles. Scott, 
 Pirate, i. 85. 
 
 WINDLIFT, a windlass. 
 
 The Author intends no good in all this, but 
 brings it in as a windlift to heave up a gross 
 scandal. North, Examen, p. 354. 
 
 WINDMILLS, vain projects ; castles in 
 the air. See extract s. v. CONCORD. 
 
 WINDMILLY, connected with wind- 
 mills. 
 
 A windmilly country this, though the wind- 
 mills are so damp and rickety. Dickens, 
 Uncommercial Traveller, xxv.
 
 ( 7*7 ) 
 
 \VINTER-LOVE 
 
 WINDOW, a blank space in a writing. 
 
 I will therefore that you send unto me a 
 collection thereof, and that your said collec- 
 tion have a window expedient to set what 
 name I will therein. Cranmer, ii. 249. 
 
 WINDOW - DROPPER, one who drops 
 from a window, though strictly it would 
 mean one who drops a window. 
 
 Mild, sedate convenience is better than a 
 stark, staring-mad passion. The wall-climb- 
 ers, the hedge and ditch-leapers, the river- 
 forders, the window - droppers, always find 
 reason to think so. Richardson, Grandison, 
 vi. 47. 
 
 WINDOWLESS, without windows. 
 
 It is usual ... to huddle them together 
 into naked walls and windowless rooms. H. 
 Brooke, Fool of Quality, i. 377. 
 
 One would think he had spent his whole 
 life in the Younger Pliny's mndowless study. 
 J. Sterling, 1836 (Carlyle's Life, Pt. II. 
 ch. iv.) 
 
 I stood still at this end, which, being win- 
 doicless, was dark. C. Bronte, Jane Eyre, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 WINDSHAKE, a flaw in wood, caused 
 by violence of wind. See L. 5. v. 
 vrindshock. 
 
 If you come into a shoppe, and fynde a 
 bowe that is small, long, heauy and strong, 
 lyinge streyght, not windyng, not marred 
 with knot, gaule, icyndeshake, wem, freate, 
 or pynche, bye that bowe of my warrant. 
 Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 114. 
 
 WINDY-FOOTED, swift as the wind. 
 Chapman (Iliad, xv. 163) calls Iris 
 "the windy-footed dame." 
 
 WINE, the university abbreviation 
 for a wine-party. 
 
 He gave me my meals hospitably enough, 
 but disappeared every day about four to 
 " hall " ; after which he did not reappear 
 till eight, the interval being taken up, he 
 said, in " imnes " and an hour of billiards. 
 C. Kinysley, Alton Locke, ch. xiii. 
 
 WINESOP, a sort of flower. N. and 
 H., s. v. sops-in-wine, say the pink, but 
 it seems to be distinguished from this 
 in the extract. 
 Bring the pinckes therewith many gellifloures 
 
 sweete, 
 And the cullambynes ; let us haue the wyne- 
 
 sops. Webbe, Eny. Poetrie, p. 84. 
 
 WING. Mr. Singer notes on the fol- 
 lowing extract, " These are terms in 
 the noble art of kerving. In that 
 curious list of 'the dewe termys to 
 speak of brekynge or dressynge of 
 dyvers beestys and foules' printed in 
 
 the Boke of St. Albans (I quote from 
 the fac-simile of the edition of 1496), 
 the proper terms appear to be a quayle 
 wyngc/yd, a plover mynsyd." 
 Good man ! him list not spend his idle meals 
 In quinsing plovers, or in icinyitiy quails. 
 
 Hall, Satires, IV. ii. 38. 
 
 WING, applied to the front leg or 
 shoulder of some quadrupeds. 
 
 If Scotish-men tax our language as im- 
 proper, and smile at our wine/ of a Eabbit, 
 let us laugh at their shoulder of a Capon. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Norfolk (ii. 124). 
 
 WINGLE. H. says, " to heckle flax," 
 but it eeems distinguished from heckle 
 in the extract from Howell s. v. BRAKE. 
 
 WINGLET, little wing. 
 
 "When he took off the wi.nglets either wholly 
 or partially, the buzzing ceased. Kirby and 
 Spence, Entomology, ii. 382. 
 
 WING-POST. See extract. 
 
 Probably our English would be found as 
 docible and ingenious as the Turkish Pigeons, 
 which carry letters from Aleppo to Babilon, 
 if trained up accordingly. But such prac- 
 tices by these Wing-posts would spoil many 
 a Foot-post. Fuller, Worthies, Northampton 
 (ii. 158). 
 
 WINK-ALL-HID, a game mentioned by 
 Davies in the extract, and again in the 
 same work, p. 16. 
 
 He did 
 
 Driue them from dancing unto Winck-all-hid. 
 Humour's Heauen on Earth, p. 30. 
 
 WINKING. Like winking = very 
 much or quickly, from the rapidity of 
 a wink. 
 
 Both my legs began to bend like icinkin\ 
 Hood, Sailor's Apology for low-legs. 
 
 Nod away at him, if you please, like wink- 
 ing. Dickens, Great Expectations, ch. xxi. 
 
 WINNOW (?). 
 
 How solemnly the pendent ivy-mass 
 Swings in its vnnnow. 
 
 Coleridge, To the Departing Year. 
 
 WINTERBOURNE. See extract. 
 
 From the graveyard itself burst up one of 
 those noble springs known as imnterbournes 
 in the chalk ranges. C. Kinysley, Yeast, ch. i. 
 
 WINTER-LOVE, cold or conventional 
 love-making (V). 
 
 What a deal of cold business doth a man 
 mis - spend the better part of life in ! in 
 scattering compliments, tendering visits, 
 gathering and venting news, following feasts 
 and plays, making a little unnter-love in a 
 dark corner. B. Jonson, Discoveries (Jac- 
 tura vita).
 
 WIPE 
 
 ( 728) 
 
 WITH- CHILD 
 
 Such a passion as this makes love in a 
 continual fervour makes it all alive. The 
 happy pair, instead of sitting dozing and 
 nodding at each other in opposite chimney- 
 corners in a winter evening, and over a 
 wintry love, always new to each other, and 
 having always something to say. Richard- 
 ion, Cl. Harlowe, iii. 317. 
 
 WIPE, a handkerchief. See quotation 
 s. v. CLYFAKING. Ben Jonson (Masque 
 of Owls} has " wipers for their noses." 
 
 " And what have you got, my dear ? " 
 said Fagin to Charley Bates. " Wipes" 
 replied Master Bates, at the same time pro- 
 ducing four pocket-handkerchiefs. Dickens, 
 Oliver l j wist, ch. ix. 
 
 This here warment's prigged your wipe. 
 Ingoldsby Legends ( The Forlorn One). 
 
 WISDOM-TOOTH. Two double teeth 
 at the back of the mouth are called 
 wise or wisdom teeth, because coining 
 late, when persons are at years of dis- 
 cretion. 
 
 A double tooth 
 Is Wisdom's adopted dwelling. 
 
 Hood, Jliss Kftmeauegg, 
 
 He's noane cut his wisdom-teeth yet ; but 
 
 for that matter there's other folks as far fra' 
 
 sense as he is. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 
 
 ch. xxi. 
 
 WISE MAN, a conjurer. See quota- 
 tion from Latimer s. v. WITCH. 
 
 I pray you tell where the wise man the 
 conjuror dwells. Peele, Old Wives' Tale, p. 
 449. 
 
 WISE WOMAN, a witch. 
 Supposing, according to popular fame, 
 Wise Woman and Witch to be the same. 
 Hood, Tale of a Trumpet. 
 
 WlSHFDLNESS, longing. 
 The natural infirmities of youth, 
 Sadness and softness, hopefulness, wishful- 
 
 ness, 
 All pangs for which we do not see good 
 
 cause, 
 Let's take no count of. 
 
 Taylor, Isaac Comnenus, iii. 1. 
 
 WISHY-WASHY, weak. See extract 
 s. v. GUINEA-PIG. 
 
 If you are a Coffin, you were sawn out of 
 no wishy-washy elm-board, but right heart- 
 of-oak. Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. viii. 
 
 WISKEB, a lie. 
 
 Suppose I tell her some damned wisker; 
 why that's but m' old Dog-trick. Plautus 
 made English, p. 9 (1694). 
 
 WISP, or WHISP, a disease in bul- 
 locks. 
 
 To cure a bullock that hath the whisp, 
 
 (that is) lame between the clees. Take the 
 impression of the bullock's foot in the earth 
 where he hath trod ; then dig it up, and 
 stick therein five or seven thorns on the 
 wrong side, and then hang it on a bush to 
 dry, and as that dries, so the bullock heals. 
 This never fails for wisps. From Mr. Pacy, 
 a yeoman in Surry. Aubrey, Misc., p. 138. 
 
 WISP, an ignis fatuus; a Will o' the 
 wisp. 
 
 We did not know the real light, but chased 
 The wisp that nickers where no foot can 
 
 tread. Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
 
 WISTLESS, unknowing. 
 
 So saying, from his belt he took 
 The encumbering sword. I held it, listening 
 
 to him, 
 And, icistless what I did, half from the 
 
 sheath 
 Drew the well-temper'd blade. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. I. 
 
 WIT, to joke ; to put wittily. 
 Burton doth pretend to wit it in his pulpit- 
 libell. Heylin, Life of Laud, p. 260. 
 
 WITCH, a wizard. See quotation 
 from Carlyle under next entry : perhaps 
 in second extract it = charm. 
 
 When we be in trouble, or sickness, or 
 lose anything, we run hither and thither to 
 witches or sorcerers whom we call wise men. 
 Latimer, i. 534. 
 
 If a man but dally by her feet, 
 He thinks it straight a witch to charm his 
 
 daughter. Greene, Geo-a-Greene, p. 262. 
 
 Pythagoras was part philosopher, part 
 magician, or part icitch. Hurton, Democ. to 
 Header, p. 21. 
 
 The Malteses took St. Paul for a witch. 
 Howell, Letters, iii. 23. 
 
 WITCH. To be no witch is to be 
 rather stupid. Cf. CONJUROR. 
 
 Their judgement was upon the whole, 
 
 That Lady is the dullest soul ; 
 
 Then tipt their forehead in a jeer, 
 
 As who should say, She wants it here ; 
 
 She may be handsome, young, and rich, 
 
 But none will burn her for a witch. 
 
 Swift, Cadenus and J'anessa. 
 
 The Editor is clearly no witch at a riddle. 
 Carlyle, Misc., iii. 51. 
 
 WITCH-WOLF. See extract. 
 
 Those whom the Greeks call AuKaV0f>o>iroi;s 
 ... abound in Ardenna, called by the inhab- 
 itants lougarous; in English, witch- wolves, 
 witches that had put on the form of those 
 cruel beasts. Adams, ii. 119. 
 
 WITFUL, wise; sensible. See extract 
 s. v. SIGHT FUL. 
 
 WITH-CHILD, to get with child. In 
 the second quotation the reference is
 
 WITHDRAUGHT ( 7: 
 
 also to the heavenly bodies. For to 
 be With child = to long. See * v 
 CHILD. 
 
 The lusty Heav'n with Earth doth company 
 And with a fruitfull seed which lends all life' 
 With-childs each moment his owne lawful! 
 
 wife. 
 
 Sylvester, Second day, first weeke, 390. 
 Their order orderless and peacefull braul 
 With-chdds the world, fils sea, and earth, 
 
 and &\\.Ibid., The Columnes, 666. 
 
 WITHDRAUGHT, withdrawal. 
 
 May not a withdraught of all God's favours 
 '^ * *? certainl y foreseen and foretold ? 
 Ward, Sermons, p. 145. 
 
 WITHIE-WINDE, bindweed. The ex- 
 tract is a translation of Candidior 
 Joko mvei Galatea ligustri. 
 
 Whiter Galet then the white wthie-winde. 
 Jiurton, Anatomy, p. 517. 
 
 WITHOUTSIDE, outside. L. has with- 
 inside. 
 
 Why does that lawyer wear black ? does 
 he carry his conscience withoutside ? Con- 
 greve, Loss for Love, iv. 6. 
 
 But when I came withoutside, I saw nobody 
 there. Centlivre, Marplot, Act II. 
 
 Mr Betham, late minister of the place, is 
 buried under the North wall of the Chancel 
 withoutside. Defoe, Tour thro' G. Britain, i. 
 
 WIT- JAR, head. Cf. KNOWLEDGE-BOX. 
 
 Dr Hale, who was my good Astolfo (you 
 read Aripsto, Jack), and has brought me back 
 my wit-jar, had much ado ... to effect my 
 recovery. Richardson, Cl. Harlowe, viii. 249. 
 
 WITSAFE, to vouchsafe. 
 To this did I, ev'n from my tender youth 
 witsafe to bring thee up. 
 
 Sackville, Duke of Buckingham, st. 55. 
 Would'st thou witsafe to slide adowne 
 And dwell with vs ! 
 
 Puttenham, Eng. Poesie 
 Bk. III. ch. xix. 
 
 WITSTAND. To be at a witstand = 
 to he at wits' end, not to know what 
 to do. 
 
 They were at a witstand, and 'could reach 
 no further. Hacket, Life of Williams, i. 188. 
 
 WITTIFIED, clever. 
 Diverse of these were . . .dispersed to 
 :e wittified ladies who were willing ' 
 
 WITTOL, to make a wittol or con- 
 tented cuckold of a man. 
 
 He would wittol me 
 >vith a consent to my own horns. 
 
 Davenport, City Match', I. i. 
 
 WIT- WANTON, over sub tie; exercising 
 the wit or understanding in wanton or 
 extravagant speculations. 
 
 dance with their nice SncSslTsuch 
 mystical! precipices.-^tfer, Ch. Hist., X 
 
 WIZEN, shrivelled; withered. Cf 
 WEAZEN. 
 
 He is a gay little wizen old man in appear- 
 upou hiT out eaStel " n Climate ' s dila Pidatious 
 
 [uifc of all else, so he'll but 
 
 WIZENED, withered. 
 
 ,; If T ! ntered an oW man, venerable at first 
 sight, but on nearer view, keen and wizened. 
 Reade, Cloister and Hearth, ch. liii. 
 In God's liberal blue air 
 Peter's dome itself looks wizened 
 
 Mrs. Browning, Ragged Schools. 
 He found his friend .... with a face 
 
 WOADED in the first quotation = 
 extracted from woad, the set up blues 
 being made with an adulterated dye 
 m the second quotation = stained with 
 woad. 
 
 inS 6 S* U .P blues hav e made strangers 
 monT waded, blues. Ward, Ser- 
 
 m ij. j Man 
 
 iattoo d or wooded, winter-clad in skins. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, ii. 
 
 WOLF. To have a wolf by the ears 
 was a proverbial expression sufficiently 
 explained by the quotations. 
 
 He that deals with men's affections hath 
 a , wolf by the ears; if we speak of peace 
 they wax wanton; if we reprove, they grow' 
 desperate. Adams, iii. 249 
 
 / a was 
 
 wolf by the ears ; he could neither hold 
 it nor let it go ; and, for certain, it bit him 
 at \v&.-North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 2 
 
 WOLFKIN, young wolf. 
 
 "Was this your instructions, wolfkin?" 
 
 WOLFLING, a young wolf. 
 
 Young children were thrown in their 
 mothers vaiuly pleading: Woljlings" an- 
 swered the Company of Marat, "who would 
 
 TT^^I ^r e ^7* s "-Carlyl e , Fr. Rev., Pt. 
 111. Kk. V. ch. in. 
 
 WOLF'S FOOT, the club-moss: literal
 
 WOMAN 
 
 ( 73 ) 
 
 WOODENL Y 
 
 translation of lycopodium. See quota- 
 tion s. v. CUP-MOSS. 
 
 WOMAN, to call a person " woman " 
 in an abusive way. 
 
 She called her another time fat-face, and 
 wotnaned her most violently. Richardson, 
 Pamela, ii. 268. 
 
 WOMB - BROTHER, a brother on the 
 mother's side, but by a different father: 
 uterine brotJier is the more common 
 expression. 
 
 Edmund of Haddam . . . was Son to Queen 
 Katherine by Owen Theodbr, her second 
 husband, Womb-brother to King Henry the 
 Sixth, and Father to King Henry the Seventh. 
 Fuller, Worthies, Hartford (i. 427). 
 
 WONDER, to surprise. 
 She has a sedateness that wonders me still 
 more. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, iv. 273. 
 
 WONDERLAND, the land of marvels. 
 
 The word is familiar to us now from 
 
 the popular book, Alice in Wonderland. 
 
 Lo, Bruce in wonderland is quite at home. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 186. 
 
 WONDER-MAZE, to astonish. Mirum 
 in Alodum was the title of one of 
 Davies's works. 
 Hee taught and sought Right's mines to 
 
 repaire, 
 Sometimes with words that wonder-mazed 
 
 men, 
 Sometimes with deedes that Angels did 
 
 admire. Davies, Wittes Pilgrimage, p. 51. 
 
 Mirum in Modum men did wonder-maze. 
 J. James to Davies (Microcosmos, p. 7). 
 
 WONDER-RAP, to rape or seize with 
 wonder : unless it be wonder-wrap. 
 O sight of force to iconder-rap all eyes. 
 
 Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 27. 
 
 WONT, to accustom. 
 
 These that in youth have wonted them- 
 selves to the load of less sins want not 
 increase of strength according to the increase 
 of their burdens. Adams, i. 354. 
 
 WOOD. N. says, " Jonson uses wood 
 in the same way the Latin sylva is used, 
 for a collection of anything. See The 
 Alchemist, Hi. 2. 'Salute the sisters, 
 entertain the whole family or wood of 
 'em.' Silent Woman, ii. 2." This 
 usage, however, is not peculiar to Jon- 
 son. 
 
 And though my buckler bore a wood of darts, 
 Yet left not I, but with audacious face 
 I brauely fought. Hudson, Judith, v. 500. 
 
 So many banners streaming in the ayre, 
 glittering armours, motions of plumes, woods 
 
 of pikes and swords, variety of colours. 
 Burton, Democ. to Reader, p. 32. 
 
 Having a wood of widows of upright con- 
 versation, must you needs gather one crooked 
 with superstition to be pattern to all the rest ? 
 Fuller, Holy State, I. xi. 1. 
 
 WOODED, stripped of wood. Fielding, 
 having used the expression ".well- 
 wooded forest of Hampshire," adds in a 
 note 
 
 This is an ambiguous phrase, and may mean 
 either a forest well clothed with wood, or well 
 stripped of it. Tom Jones, Bk. V. ch. xi. 
 
 WOODEN, mad. 
 
 A dog in the wood or a wooden dog ! oh 
 comfortable hearing ! Peele, Old Wives' 
 Tale,i.l. 
 
 WOODEN HORSE, a ship. Cf. Plautus, 
 Rudens, I. v. : 
 
 Nempe equo ligneo per vias caruleas 
 Estis vecta. 
 
 They are glad on their trodden horses to 
 post after him [the herring]. Nashe, Lenten 
 Stuffe (Harl. Misc., vi. 161). 
 
 Vpon a wodden horse he rides through the 
 world, and in a merry gale makes a path 
 through the seas. Breton, Good and Bad, 
 p. 9. 
 
 After she had well refresh'd herself and 
 her little son (as yet a stranger to the riding 
 of so long a journey upon a wooden horse) 
 . . . she is waited on to Paris. Hist, of 
 Edward II., p. 95. 
 
 Milford Haven, the chief stable for his 
 wooden horses. Fuller, Worthies, ch. vi. 
 
 WOODEN-HORSE, an erection made of 
 planks nailed together so as to form a 
 sharp ridge on which soldiers were set- 
 astride, as a punishment, with muskets 
 tied to their feet. This penalty has 
 been long discontinued, having been 
 found to injure the men, producing 
 rupture in some cases. 
 
 Two new listed souldiers . . . were this day 
 tryed by a Court Martial, and sentenced to 
 ride the Wooden-Horse. Rushworth Hist. 
 Coll., Pt. IV. Vol. II. p. 1369 (1648). 
 
 At her command they build a War-horse, 
 Bigger by far than Coach or Car-horse ; 
 Like that foot-souldier mounts upon, 
 When he turns Trooper or Dragoon ; 
 With Muskets ty'd for Spurrs to heels, 
 And tho' he kicks, it never feels. 
 
 Cotton, Scarronides, p. 3. 
 
 WOODENLY, awkwardly. 
 
 Diverse thought to have some sport in 
 seeing how woodenly he would excuse him- 
 self .North, Life of Lord Guilford, ii. 22.
 
 WOODEN-SHOES ( 73' 
 
 WOODEN-SHOES, a name for French- 
 men, referring to the sabots. See 
 quotation s. v. LOW-BOY. 
 Bound-heads and Wooden-shoes are standing 
 
 jokes. Prologue to Addison's Drummer. 
 Let Paris be the theme of Gallia's muse, 
 Where slav'ry treads the street in wooden 
 
 shoes. Gay, Trivia, i. 86. 
 
 Virtue is cosmopolite, and may exist 
 among wooden-shoed Papists as well as honest 
 Church-of-England men. Thackeray, Paris 
 Sketch Book, ch. vi. 
 
 WOODLESS, without timber. 
 
 Here are . . Meddows and Pasture, and 
 Arable and Woody, and (generally) woodless 
 land. Fuller, Worthies, Norfolk (ii. 124). 
 
 WOOD-SALE TIME, time for selling 
 wood ; by great of course = wholesale. 
 
 A sort of lusty bil-men set 
 In wood-sale time to sell a cops by great. 
 
 Sylvester, The Captaines, p. 243. 
 
 WOODSERE, "loose, spungy ground " 
 (Lisle, Obs. in Husbandry, 1757, E. D. 
 S.); sometimes spelt wood-sour. The 
 word also means the month or season 
 for cutting wood (Tusser, pp. Ill, 
 119). 
 
 The soil ... is a sour woodsere land, very 
 natural for the production of oaks especially. 
 Aubrey, Misc., p. 211. 
 
 WOODWOSES, madmen ; wood who- 
 sos (?). 
 
 Some went naked, some roamed like 
 woodwoses, none did anything by reason. 
 Wilson, Art of Rhetoric, 1554 (Eny. Garner, 
 i. 464). 
 
 WOOL. More squeak than wool = 
 more noise than substance ; a form of 
 the old proverb, " Great cry and little 
 wool,'' the story connected with which 
 will be seen in the last extract. 
 
 For matter of title he thought there was 
 more squeak than wool. North, Life of Lord 
 Guilford, ii. 17. 
 
 The stir about the sheriff of London . . . 
 was much squeak and no wool, but an imper- 
 tinent contention to no profit. Ibid., ii. 326. 
 Yet thou may'st bluster like bull-beef so big ; 
 And, of thy own importance full, 
 Exclaim, " Great cry and little wool ! " 
 As Satan hollaed when he shaved the pig. 
 
 Wolcot, P. Pindar, p. 135. 
 
 WOOSE, ooze ; marshy ground. The 
 Diets, have the adjective woosy. Howell 
 (Vindication of himself, 1677, Harl. 
 Misc.,vi. 129) speaks of "the aguish 
 woose of Kent and Essex." 
 
 WORD AND A BLOW, immediate action : 
 also used adjectivally. 
 
 ) WORMISH 
 
 Nev. Pray, Miss, why do you sigh ? 
 
 Miss. To make a fool ask, and you are the 
 first. 
 
 Nev. Why, Miss, I find there is nothing but 
 a word and a blow with you. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. i.). 
 
 My Cousins are grieved : they did not ex- 
 pect that I would be a word and a blow, as 
 they phrase it. Richardson, Grandison, iv. 
 206. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Parsons had a Napoleon-like 
 promptitude of action, which the unlearned 
 operatives described by calliug him " a word- 
 and-a-blow man." Mrs. Trollope, Michael 
 Armstrong, ch. iv. 
 
 WORDSPITE, abusive. 
 
 A silly yet ferocious wordspite quarrel. 
 Pale/rave, Hist. Norm, and Eng., ii. 561 
 (1857). 
 
 WORDSTRIFE, dispute about words. 
 The earliest instance of logomachy, as 
 an English word given in the Diets., is 
 from Bp. Hall's Answer to Smectym- 
 nuus's Vindication, 1641, six years 
 after the date of Hacket's work ; un- 
 less a quotation in L. from Howell, 
 without further reference, be earlier. 
 
 The end of this \oyofj.a-ia or word-strife. 
 Hacket, Life of Williams, ii. 107. 
 
 WORKFUL, full of work, or designed 
 for work. 
 
 You saw nothing in Coketown but what 
 was severely workful. Dickens, Hard Times, 
 ch. v. 
 
 WORKSOME, industrious. 
 
 So through seas of blood to equality, 
 frugality, worksome blessedness. Carlyle, Fr. 
 Rev., Pt. III. Bk. VI. ch. vi. 
 
 WORLD. The world and his wife = 
 every one. 
 
 Miss. Pray, Madam, who were the com- 
 pany? 
 
 Lady Sm. Why there was all the world and 
 his wife. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation (Conv. iii.). 
 How he welcomes at once all the world and, 
 
 his wife, 
 
 And how civil to folk he ne'er saw in his life. 
 New Bath Guide, Letter xiii. 
 
 All the world and his wife and daughter 
 leave cards. Sometimes the world's wife has 
 so many daughters that her card reads 
 rather like a miscellaneous lot at an auction. 
 Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, Bk. I. ch. xvii. 
 
 WORM-EAT, to impair, as by the 
 gnawing of worms. 
 
 Leave off these vanities which worm-eat 
 your brain. Jarvis's Don Quixote, Pt. II. 
 Bk. IV. ch. x. 
 
 WORMISH, worm-like.
 
 WORMS-MEAT 
 
 ( 732 ) 
 
 WRINGL Y 
 
 In such a shadow, or rather pit of darkness, 
 the irormish mankind lives. Sidney, Arcadia, 
 p. 464. 
 
 WORMS-MEAT, dead flesh ; carrion. 
 Then how can my heart, lesse than nought, 
 
 hold Thee ? 
 How in a bit of Wormes-meate canst Thou 
 
 raigne? Davies, Muse's Sacrifice, p. 16. 
 
 WORRICROW, scarecrow. 
 What a icorricrow the man doth look ! 
 Nat/lor, Reynard the Fox, 39. 
 
 WORRISOME, troublesome. 
 Come in at once with that worrisome cough 
 of yours. Ulackmore, Lorna Doone, ch. xlv. 
 
 WORSHIP. A place of worship is a 
 favourite term among the poor for a 
 church or chapel. 
 
 The Church of Kirkdale was considered in 
 Doomsday-Book as the place of worship 
 belonging to that manor. Archceol., v. 197 
 (1779). 
 
 WORST, to deteriorate ; it usually 
 means to defeat. 
 
 Anne haggard, Mary coarse, every face in 
 the neighbourhood worsting, and the rapid 
 increase of the crow's foot about Lady 
 Russell's temples had long been a distress to 
 him. Miss Austen, Persuasion, ch. i. 
 
 WOULD-BE, a pretender. Sir Politic 
 Would-be is a well-known character in 
 Jonson's Fox ; the same name has been 
 adopted by Mrs. Centlivre : often used 
 adjectivally. 
 
 Servant. Here is Mr. Would-be to wait on 
 you. 
 
 Bd. Who's he ? 
 
 Sir W. The projecting coxcomb I told you 
 of yesterday. 
 
 Bel. What, he that mimicks thee in his 
 cloaths ? 
 
 Centlivre, Love at a Venture, I. i. 
 A man that would have foil'd at their own 
 
 play 
 A dozen would-bes of the modern day. 
 
 Cowper, Conversation, 612. 
 The would-be wits and can't-be gentlemen. 
 
 Byron, Heppo, st. 76. 
 
 WOUNDABLE, vulnerable. 
 
 So woundable is the dragon under the left 
 wing, when pinched in point of profit. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., IV. i. 5. 
 
 WOUNDLESS usually =: unwounded, 
 but in the extract = unvvounding. 
 Not a dart fell woundless there. 
 
 Southey, Joan of Arc, Bk. VIII. 
 WRACKSOME, destructive. 
 
 Then mine not you their towers tind tourets 
 tall, 
 
 Nor bring the wracksome engine to their 
 wall. Hudson's Judith, ii. 361. 
 
 WRAPPAGE, a wrap or covering. See 
 quotation s. v. AUTOMATISED. 
 
 Figure under what thousand-fold icrap- 
 payes and cloaks of darkness Royalty medi- 
 tating these things must involve itself. 
 Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. II. Bk. III. ch. iv. 
 
 WRAP-RASCAL, a rough overcoat. Gay 
 {Trivia, i. 57) speaks of the Surtout 
 " by various names in various counties 
 known," and <idds in a note, "A Joseph, 
 Wrap-Rascal" &c. 
 
 There is the cozy wrap-rascal, self-indulg- 
 ence, how easy it is ! Thackeray, Round- 
 about Papers, xviii. 
 
 WRAXLING, wrestling: a Devonshire 
 word. 
 
 As long as there's a devil or devils, even 
 as ass or asses in the universe, one will have 
 to turn out to the reveille now and then, 
 wherever one is, and satisfy one's Oyyuos, 
 " rage," or " pluck," which Plato averreth (for 
 why, he'd have been a wraxliny man, and 
 therefore was a philosopher, and the king of 
 'em) to be the root of all virtue. C. Kinysley 
 (Life, ii. 53). 
 
 WRECK, the vessel in which ores are 
 washed for the third time. See extract 
 s. v. LUE. 
 
 WRECKAGE, wreck. 
 
 Now too is witnessed the touching last 
 nicker of Etiquette ; which sinks not here in 
 the Cimmerian World-wreckage without a 
 sign. Carlyle, Fr. Rev., Pt. I. Bk. VII. ch. x. 
 
 Wreckage and dissolution are the appointed 
 issue. Ibid., Pt. II. Bk. V. ch. ii. 
 
 WRESTLE, to wind. 
 
 From hence the river having with a great 
 turning compasse after much wrestling gotten 
 out towards the North. Holland's Camden, 
 p. 279. 
 
 WRIG-WRAG. To be at wrig-wrag 
 seems = to be at daggers drawn. 
 
 Their townes, like Yarmouth and Ley- 
 stoffe, were stil at wriy-ivray, and suckt from 
 their mother's teates serpentine hatred one 
 against each other. A'ashe, Lenten Stuffe 
 (Harl. Misc., vi. 167). 
 
 WRIMPLED, wrinkled. 
 
 I holde a forme within a wimpled skin. 
 Whetston, Life and Death of Gascoiijne. 
 
 WRINGLY, twisted ly. Virgil (jEn., 
 viii. 429) describes as among the ele- 
 ments of an unfinished thunderbolt, 
 " tres imbris torti radios" which 
 Stanyhurst renders, "Three showrs 
 wrinylye writhen " (Conceites, p. 137).
 
 WRINKLE 
 
 ( 733 ) 
 
 WYPE 
 
 WRINKLE, a hint or device. 
 
 And now what manner of man do you 
 make me, Master N., when you note me to 
 be so much abused by so ignorant a man, so 
 simple, so plain, and so far without all 
 wriMes? Latimer, ii. 422. 
 
 Lady Ans. Have a care, Miss ; they say 
 mocking is catching. 
 
 Miss. I never heard that. 
 
 Nev. Why then, Miss, you have one wrin- 
 kle ; more than ever you had before. 
 
 Swift, Polite Conversation, Conv. i. 
 
 WRINKLEFULL, full of wrinkles. See 
 extract s. v. CHERRY. 
 
 WRINKLY, creasy ; puckered. 
 
 Mrs. Waule found it good to be there 
 every day for hours, . . . giving occasional dry 
 wrinkly indications of crying. G. Eliot, 
 Middlemarch, ch. xxxii. 
 
 WRITABILITY, readiness or ability to 
 write. 
 
 I am content at present with having re- 
 covered my write-ability enough to thank 
 your ladyship and Lord Ossory for your kind 
 intentions. Walpole, Letters to Lady Ossoru, 
 i. 9 (1770). 
 
 You see by my writability in my pressing 
 my letters on you that my pen has still 
 a colt's tooth left. Ibid., Letters, iv. 455 
 (1788). 
 
 WRITABLE, capable of being written 
 down. 
 
 The talk was by no means writable, but 
 very pleasant. Mad. D'Arblay, Diary, ii. 
 168. 
 
 WRITE, writing. 
 
 We trust you will call back yourself from 
 errors and heresies advisedly which you have 
 maintained rashly, and set forth by word 
 and write busily. Hardinq to Jewel (Jewel, 
 ii. 804). 
 
 It was a short, but a well-written letter, 
 in a fair hand of write. Gait, Annals of the 
 Parish, ch. i. 
 
 WRITES, the person written to, and 
 so, the reader. 
 
 Where a man is understood, there is ever 
 a proportion between the writer's wit and 
 the icritee's. Chapman, Iliad, xiv., Comment. 
 
 WRITE-OF-HAND, writing. Cf. hand- 
 of -write in second quotation s. v. WRITE. 
 
 " A could wish as a'd learned write-of- 
 hand," said she. " for a've that for to tell 
 Christopher as might set his mind at ease ; 
 but yp' see if I wrote him a letter he couldn't 
 read it, so a just comfort myseP wi' thinkin' 
 nobody need learn writin' unless they'n got 
 friends as can read." Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's 
 Lovers, ch. xliii. 
 
 WRITERESS, female writer. 
 
 Remember it henceforth, ye writeresses, 
 there is no such word as authoress. Thack- 
 eray, Misc., ii. 470. 
 
 WRITERLING, petty writer. 
 
 Every writer and icriterliny of name has a 
 salary from the government. W. Taylor, 
 1802 (Eobberds's Memoir, i. 420). 
 
 WRONG, to outsail a ship by becalm- 
 ing her sails. See quotation from 
 Smollett s. v. COURSES. 
 
 They insisted that the colour of her sails 
 and the heaviness of her going proved her 
 to be a ship of trade that had been long at 
 sea, . . . that they .observed they wronged her 
 so much, they would go round her if they 
 pleased. Johnston, Chrysal, i. 52. 
 
 WRYSTROKE. Fuller, giving a list of 
 the Priors of the Order of St. John's, 
 mentions at last a Sir Richard Shelley, 
 who, after the dissolution of the Order, 
 was employed under that title by the 
 King of Spain in an embassy. 
 
 A Prior without a Posterior, having none 
 under him to obey his power, nor after him 
 to succeed in his place. We behold him 
 only as the wry-stroak given in by us out of 
 courtesie, when the game was up before. 
 Fuller, Ch. Hist., vi. 360. 
 
 WUTHER, an onomatopoeous word to 
 signify the rustling of the wind among 
 branches. 
 
 I felt sure now that I was in the pen- 
 sionnat; sure by the beating rain on the 
 casement ; sure by the " wutfier " of wind 
 amongst trees, denoting a garden outside. 
 Miss Bronte, Villette, ch. xvi. 
 
 WUTHERING. See extract. 
 
 Wutheriny Heights is the name of Mr. 
 Heathcliff's dwelling. Wuthering being a 
 significant provincial adjective, descriptive 
 of the atmospheric tumult to which its 
 station is exposed in stormy weather. C. 
 Bronte, Watering Heights, ch. i. 
 
 WYN, joyful. The Parker Society 
 editor says, "the Anglo-Saxon wijn 
 gaudium, from whence winsome." See 
 N. s. v. win. 
 
 In this his sin ... a great while he lay 
 asleep (as many do now-a-days, God give 
 them wyn waking !). Bradford, i. 70. 
 
 WYPE. See extract. 
 
 Within the earth lie hidden and are kept 
 all winter raddishes, . . . and parseneps or 
 tcypes. Holland, Pliny, six. 4.
 
 YACHT 
 
 ( 734) 
 
 YELLOON 
 
 YACHT. See extract. The earliest 
 entry in the Diets, is from Cook's 
 Voyages. 
 
 I sail'd this morning with his Majesty in 
 one of his yachts (or pleasure-boats), vessels 
 not known among us til the Dutch E. India 
 Company presented that curious piece to the 
 King, being very excellent sailing vessells. 
 Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 1, 1661. 
 
 YAFFINGALE, a species of wood- 
 pecker. 
 
 Vows ! I am woodman of the woods, 
 And hear the garnet-headed yaffinyale 
 Mock them. Tennyson, Last Tournament. 
 
 YAHOO, a term of reproach, taken of 
 course from Gulliver s Travels. 
 
 That hated animal, a Yahoo squire. War- 
 ton, Newmarket, 170. 
 
 To see a noble creature start and tremble 
 at the passionate exclamation of a mere 
 yahoo of a stable-boy . . . equally excites my 
 pity and my indignation. Graves, Spiritual 
 Quixote, Bk. IV. ch. x. 
 
 " And what sort of fellow is he ? " said 
 Lord Saltire ; " a Yahoo, I suppose ? " " Not 
 at all ; he is a capital fellow, a perfect gen- 
 tleman." H. Kinysley, Ravenshoe, ch. Iv. 
 
 YAMMER, to fret or cry. 
 
 " The child is doing as well as possible," 
 said Miss Grizzy ; " to be sure it does yammer 
 constantly, that can't be denied." Miss 
 Ferrier, Marriage, ch. xix. 
 
 YANKY, a species of ship. 
 
 Proceed with thy story in a direct course, 
 without yawing like a Dutch yanky. 
 Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, ch. iii. 
 
 YAR, to snarl. 
 
 All the dogs were flocking about her, 
 yarrituj at the retardment of then* access to 
 her. Urquharfs Rabelais, Bk. II. ch. xxii. 
 
 YARBS, herbs. 
 
 Her qualifications as white witch were 
 boundless cunning, equally boundless good 
 nature, considerable knowledge of human 
 weaknesses, some mesmeric power, some 
 skill in yarbs, as she called her simples, a 
 firm faith in the virtue of her own incanta- 
 tions, and the faculty of holding her tongue. 
 Kinysley, Westward Ho, ch. iv. 
 
 YARDEL, yard-measure (?). 
 
 I am glad you . . . disdain measuring lines 
 like linen by a yardel. W. Taylor, 1804 
 (Robberds's Memoir, i. 493). 
 
 YARMOUTH CAPON. See extract. 
 
 A Yarmouth Capon. That is, a Red-herring. 
 
 ... I believe few Capons (save what have 
 more fins than feathers) are bred in Yar- 
 mouth. But, to countenance this expression, 
 I understand that the Italian Friers (when 
 disposed to eat flesh on Fridays) call a Capon 
 piscem e corte, a fish out of the coop. Fuller, 
 Worthies, Norfolk (ii. 126). 
 
 YARN, a net made of yarn : used by 
 Becon where the Auth. Vers. has 
 "drag" (Hab. i. 16). 
 
 They take up all with their angle, they 
 catch it in their net, and do sacrifice unto 
 their yarn. Becon, i. 464. 
 
 YARN, to earn. 
 
 When rain is a let to thy dooings abrode, 
 Set threshers a threshing to laie on good 
 
 lode: 
 Thresh cleane ye must bid them, though 
 
 lesser they yarn, 
 And looking to thriue haue an eie to thy 
 
 barue. Tusser, Husbandrie, p. 57. 
 
 YAW, to move about unsteadily. See 
 extract s. v. YANKY. E. and L. have 
 the word as a substantive, with quota- 
 tion from Massinger. 
 [She] yaw'd her head about all sorts of ways. 
 Hood, Sailor's Apology for bow-legs. 
 
 She steered wild, yawed, and decreased in 
 her rate of sailing in a surprising manner. 
 Marryat, Fr. Mildmay, ch. xx. 
 
 YEA AND NAY, used adjectivally for 
 insipid. 
 
 She is a sort of yea and nay young gentle- 
 woman, to me very wearisome. Mad. 
 D'Arllay, Diary, ii. 288. 
 
 YEACK, an imitative word to express 
 the sound with which coachmen en- 
 courage their horses (?), unless it is 
 another form of yerk. 
 
 Candle light's coach ... is drawne (with 
 ease) by two rats : the coachman is a chaund- 
 ler, who so sweats with yeacking them, that 
 he drops tallowe, and that feedes them as 
 prouender. Decker, Seven Deadly Sins, ch. iii. 
 
 YEASTING, fermenting. 
 
 Yeastiny youth 
 "Will clear itself, and crystal turn again. 
 
 Keats, Otho the Great, iii. 2. 
 
 YELLOON, yellow. 
 Come unto the door, my lads, and look 
 
 beneath the moon, 
 
 We can see on hill and valley how it is 
 yelloon. 
 
 Exmoor Harvest Song (Lorna Doone, 
 ch. xxix.).
 
 YELLOW-HAMMERS (735) 
 
 YUKKEL 
 
 YELLOW-HAMMERS, a species of bird, 
 but applied in the extracts to gold. 
 
 Is that he that has gold enough ? would I 
 had some of his yellow-hammers. Shirley, 
 Bird in a Cage, Act II. 
 
 Simon the Tanner. Now, by this light, a 
 nest of yellow-hammers. . . I'll undertake, 
 sir, you shall have all the skins in our parish 
 at this price. Middleton, Mayor of Quin- 
 borough, Act II. 
 
 YELLOW JACK, yellow fever. 
 
 His elder brother died of Yellow Jack in 
 the West Indies. Dickens, Dombey and Son, 
 ch. x. 
 
 Have seen three choleras, two army- 
 fevers, and yellow-jack without end. Kings- 
 ley, Two Years Ago, ch. iv. 
 
 YELLOW STOCKINGS. N. notices these 
 as once fashionable articles of dress, 
 but in the extract "to wear yellow 
 stockings " = to be jealous. H., who 
 gives no example, says, " To anger the 
 yellow stockings, i. e. to provoke 
 jealousy." 
 
 If thy wife will be so bad 
 That in such false coine shee'lle pay thee, 
 Why therefore 
 Should'st thou deplore, 
 Or weare stockings that are yellow ? 
 
 Tush, be blithe (man !), greeve no more, 
 A cuckold is a good man's fellow. 
 
 Roxburgh Ballads, ii. 61. 
 
 YEW, bow. 
 
 Through a forrest Tubal with his yew 
 And ready quiver did a bore pursue. 
 
 Sylvester, Handy Crafts, 490. 
 
 At first the brandish 'd L arm the jav'lin 
 
 threw, 
 Or sent wing'd arrows from the twanging 
 
 yew. Gay, The Fan, i. 210. 
 
 YOKEL, a contemptuous name for a 
 countryman. 
 
 " This wasn't done by a yokel, eh, Duff? " 
 " Certainly not," replied Duff. " And trans- 
 lating the word yokel for the benefit of the 
 ladies, I apprehend your meaning to be that 
 this attempt was not made by a country- 
 man ? " said Mr. Losberne, with a smile. 
 " That's it, master," replied Blathers. 
 Dickens, Oliver Twist, ch. xxxi. 
 
 Lord knows their names, I'm sure I don't, 
 no more than any yokel. Hood, Eow at the 
 Oxford Arms. 
 
 Thou art not altogether the clumsy yokel 
 and the clod I took thee for. Blackmore, 
 Lorna Doone, ch. xl. 
 
 YOKY, pertaining to a yoke : the 
 
 "yoky sphere" = the wooden collar 
 to which the reins were fastened. 
 
 Their manes, that flourish'd with the fire 
 Of endless youth allotted them, fell through 
 
 the yoky sphere, 
 Ruthfully ruffled and defil'd. 
 
 Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 382. 
 
 YORK. As like as York is to foul 
 Button = quite dissimilar. There is a 
 parish in Yorkshire called Button, which 
 I suppose was a mean or dirty place, 
 and so contrasted with the chief city of 
 the county. 
 
 To tumble ouer and ouer, to toppe ouer 
 tayle, . . . which exercises surely^ muste 
 nedes be naturall bycause they be so child- 
 isshe, and they may be also holesome for 
 the body ; but surely as for pleasure to the 
 minde or honestie in the doinge of them, 
 they be as lyke shotinge as Yorke is foule 
 Sutton. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 47. 
 
 YORKSHIRE. Davies in the first ex- 
 tract is lamenting the corrupt taste of 
 his age in literature and art, especially 
 in the "North- villages." Yorkshire 
 seems to have had a reputation then 
 for dulness or clownishness, though 
 to " come Yorkshire over " a person 
 now = to be too sharp for him, or to 
 take him in. 
 
 England is all turned Yorkshire, and the age 
 Extremely sottish, or too nicely sage. 
 
 Davies, Paper Persecutors, p. 81. 
 
 " Wa'at I say, I stick by." " And that's a 
 fine thing to do, and manly too," said Nicho- 
 las, " though it's not exactly what we under- 
 stand by ' coming Yorkshire over us ' in 
 London." Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, ch. 
 xlii. 
 
 YOUTHFULLITY, youthf illness. 
 
 You see my impetuosity does not abate 
 much; no, nor my youthf ullity . Walpole, 
 Letters, ii. 461 (1763). 
 
 YODTHSOME, younglike ; juvenile. 
 I found him drinking, and very jolly and 
 youthsome. Pepys, Oct. 31, 1661. 
 
 YOWE, ewe. See extract s. v. SHEAR- 
 HOG. 
 
 YOWLING, a cry or sharp bark. 
 " Yawl " is used by Quarles and others 
 as a verb. 
 
 Then the wind set up a howling, 
 And the poodle dog a yowling. 
 
 Thackeray, The White Squall. 
 
 YUKKEL, a woodpecker. 
 I feels sum how as peert as a yukkel. 
 Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xli.
 
 ZEALFULL 
 
 ( 736 ) 
 
 ZOOPHILIST 
 
 z 
 
 ZEALFULL, full of zeal. 
 
 These dayes of ours may shine 
 In zealfull knowledge of the Truth divine. 
 
 Sylvester, The Decay, 482. 
 
 ZEALOUS, used, as zealot often is, in a 
 bad sense. 
 
 The learned and pious Bishop of Alex- 
 andria, Dionysius, wrote to the zealous and 
 factious Presbyter Noratus. Gauden, Tears 
 of the Church, p. 100. 
 
 ZEBECK, a Moorish boat. 
 For why ? the last zebeck that came 
 
 And moor'd within the Mole, 
 Such tidings unto Turns brought 
 As stir his very soul. 
 
 Hood, The Key. 
 
 ZELOUSIE, jealousy (a Graecism). 
 
 "Whiche grudges, quereles. debate, and vari- 
 ance, the sharpenes or curstnes, the zeloitsie 
 and the eagre t'eersenes of Olimpias did aug- 
 meute. Udal's Erasmus's Apophth., p. 200. 
 
 ZEST, to add a zest or provocation 
 (to drinking). 
 
 My Lord, when my wine's right I never 
 care it should be zested. Gibber, Careless 
 Husband, Act III. 
 
 ZIG-ZAGGERY, irregular course. 
 
 "When my uncle Toby discovered the 
 transverse tig-zaqgery of my father's ap- 
 proaches towards it, it instantly brought into 
 his mind those he had done duty in before 
 the gate of St. Nicholas. Sterne, Trist. 
 Shandy, ii. 113. 
 
 ZIG-ZAGGY, having sharp turns. 
 
 A little round arch on which, deeply in- 
 dented, 
 
 The zig-zaggy pattern by Saxons invented 
 "Was cleverly chisell'd, and well represented. 
 Inyoldsby Legends (St. Eomwold). 
 
 ZlNGHO, zinc. 
 
 He promised me too to go to Lord Islay 
 to know what cobolt and zingho are, and 
 where they are to be got. Walpole to Mann, 
 i. 288 (1743). 
 
 For cobolt and zingho your brother and I 
 have made all inquiries. Ibid., p. 304. 
 
 ZONE, to girdle. 
 
 She brought us Academic silks, in hue 
 The lilac, with a silken hood to each, 
 And zoned with gold. 
 
 Tennyson, Princess, ii. 
 
 ZONIC, a belt or zone. 
 The place where I was bred stands upon a 
 zonic of coal. Smollett, Travels, Letter iv. 
 
 ZONULET, little zone or girdle. 
 As shews the aire when with a rainbow 
 
 grac'd, 
 
 So smiles that riband 'bout my Julia's waste ; 
 Or like nay 'tis, that zonulet of loue, 
 "Wherein all pleasures of the world are wove. 
 Herrick, Hesperidea, p. 39. 
 
 ZOOPHILIST, a lover of everything 
 living. 
 
 Our philosopher and zoophilist (philan- 
 thropist is a word which would poorly ex- 
 press the extent of his benevolence) advised 
 those who consulted him as to the best man- 
 ner of taking and destroying rats. Kouthey, 
 The Doctor, ch. ccxxviii. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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