A 
 
 Poetical Tranflation 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 WORKS 
 
 O F 
 
 HORACE: 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 ORIGINAL TEXT, 
 
 AND 
 
 CRITICAL NOTES 
 
 Collefted from his beft 
 
 LATIN and FRENCH COMMENTATORS. 
 
 By the Rev d Mr. PHILIP FRANCIS. 
 
 IN FOUR VOLUMES. 
 
 THE FIFTH EDITION, 
 REVISED AND CORRECTED. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for A. MILLAR in the Strand. 
 M DCC LIU.
 
 o 
 
 C A O ^ 
 
 FX3 'V 
 
 
 ) 
 
 KT1I
 
 THE 
 
 O D E S * 
 
 O F 
 
 HORACE. 
 
 In LATIN and ENGLISH. 
 
 WITH 
 
 CRITICAL NOTES collected from his beft 
 Latin and French COMMENTATORS. 
 
 Mufa deditfidibus divas , puerofqite Deorum, 
 Etpugikm viftorem, 6f equum certamlne primum, 
 Etjuvenum cur as > & lib era vina referre. 
 
 Arte Poetica. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
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 TO HIS EXCELLENCY 
 
 THE RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 LORD NEWPORT, 
 
 ONE OF THE LORDS JUSTICES, 
 
 AND 
 
 LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR OF IRELAND, 
 
 THIS WORK 
 IS HUMBLY INSCRIBED 
 
 B Y 
 
 HIS MOST OBEDIENT SERVANT 
 
 PHILIP FRANCIS.
 
 K D.I 51 
 
 'u'C 2GJIOJ JliT HO 
 
 10 ;io.uajKAH'.: i 
 
 i ^ o w.a i IT
 
 (vii) 
 
 THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 . i'.Sfi iJ i * * '"?) 25*AlGllSi - : 3.'.i--3i -J...3 . - !. -'*i w 
 
 TH E firft and principal Defign of this 
 Work was to explain, perhaps, the 
 moft difficult Author in the Latin 
 Tongue ; an Author, who will always be 
 more admired in Proportion to his being bet- 
 ter underftood. Such a Defign, if tolerably 
 well executed, feemed to deferve fome En- 
 couragement 5 but to preferve his ^ original 
 Spirit in a punctual, regular Tranflation hath 
 been fo long confidered as defperate, that it 
 were hardly modeft to attempt it. 
 
 Every Reader is a Critic in Proportion to 
 his Abilities and his Judgement. He propofes 
 whatever he thinks difficult, and expects an 
 Explaination fuited to his Tafte and Under- 
 ftanding. Thefe are too numerous to be 
 gratified by the prefent Work, which endea- 
 vours to explain thofe Paflages only, which 
 are of real, acknowledged Obfcurity. 
 
 In our Inquiries after Truth, it is ufelefs 
 
 to know the Miftakes of others ; and, befides 
 
 the difagreeable Employment of tranfcribing 
 
 A 4 &&
 
 viii The P R E F A C . 
 
 the Language of Critics in their very un- 
 clafiical Treatment of each other, a Warmth 
 of Aflertion, a Specioufnefs of Arguments, a 
 Weight of Quotations, an Authority of 
 Names, and an Appearance of Probability, 
 might well perplex a Reader's Judgement, or 
 throw a Darknefs and Confufion into what 
 was originally clear and open. Therefore, 
 to avoid being engaged in the various Con- 
 jectures and learned Difputes of Commen- 
 tators, the difficult PafTages of our Aathor 
 are explained in that Scnfe alone, which 
 feemed mofl poetical and moil; natural. In 
 fome Inftances however, when the Senfe hath 
 been really doubtful, the different Opinions 
 are fairly {hewn, and a tacit Appeal made to 
 the Reader to determine for himfelf, even 
 againft the prefent Tranflator. 
 
 While we read with Pleafure many beauti- 
 ful Imitations of this Author in his own Lan- 
 guage, and are at the fame Time obliged to 
 confeis how unequal to their Original allTran- 
 flations of him have proved, even when the 
 whole Strength feems to have been employed 
 upon fingle and favourite Odes, we fliall be 
 apt to conclude . that his Beauties are almoft 
 peculiar to the Latin Tongue. But if we con- 
 fider the Boldnefs and Copioufnefs of Expref- 
 fion, the Diverfity and Harmony of Numbers 
 in Englifh, we mail impute the Failure of 
 his Translators tofomewhat injudicious in their 
 Defign, or carelefs in their Execution, rather 
 than to any perfonal Want of their Abilities, 
 
 or
 
 The PREFACE. LK 
 
 or any- Weakness in their Language ; to the 
 real Difficulty of the Work, not an ImpofH- 
 bility of executing it with Succefs. 
 
 Indeed it is hardly to be cxpeded that any- 
 one Tranilator ihail ever be capable of fol- 
 lowing this great Poet with equal Spirit 
 through all his 'Odes. Many of them are va- 
 ried with Irony and Satire ; with Delicacy 
 and. Humour; with Eafe and Pleafantry. 
 Some, though leis fpirited, were written 
 (when Circumftances of Time, Places, and 
 Perfons were flrong upon him) in the firft 
 Heat of Imagination, and afterwards correct- 
 ed, through a Length of Years, in the Cool- 
 nefs of Judgement. In others, he riles in 
 full, poetical Dignity; fublime in Sentiments, 
 bold in Allufions, and profufe of Figures; fru- 
 gal of Words, curious in his Choice, and hap- 
 pily venturous in his Ufe of them : pure in his. 
 Diction, animated in hisExpreflions, and har- 
 monious in his Numbers ; artful in the Plans 
 of his Poems, regular in their Conduct, and 
 happy in their Execution. Surely the beft 
 Attempts to tranilate fo various an Author, 
 will require great Indulgence, and any to- 
 lerable Succefs may deferve it. 
 
 It would be a tedious and an ill-natured 
 Labour to point out the Faults of former 
 Verfions of this Poet. Let us rather ac- 
 knowledge, that there are excellent Lines in 
 them, of which the prefent Tranilator hath 
 as many^is he could ufe upon his Plan, 
 
 and
 
 x' ThePREFACE. 
 
 and wiflies, for the fake of the Public, that 
 they could be found to exceed an hundred. 
 
 In the Collection of Odes, ufually called the 
 Wit's Horace, there are many fine, but very 
 diftant Imitations of our Author, perhaps not 
 inferiour to their Originals. If any of them 
 were intended for Tran-flations, the Writers, 
 however juflly eminent in other Parts of their 
 Characters, have indulged injudicioufly a 
 Wantonefs of Imagination, and an AffeCta- 
 tion of Wit, as oppofite to the natural Sim- 
 plicity of their Author, as to the Genius of 
 Lyric Poetry. 
 
 In the firft Ages of Greece, the Lyric Mufc 
 was particularly appointed to celebrate the 
 Praiies of the Gods in their Feftivals, where 
 the nobleft Precepts of Philofophy were en- 
 livened by Mufic, and animated by the Lan- 
 guage of Poetry, while Reafon governed the 
 Raptures, which a religious Enthufiafm in- 
 fpired. When we therefore conflder its Ori- 
 gin and Inftitution, we may believe, that no- 
 thing could enter into its Compofitions, but 
 what was chafte and correct, awful and fub- 
 lime, while it was employed in fmging the 
 Praifes of Gods, and immortalifing the Ac- 
 tions of Men j in fupporting the facredTruths 
 of Religion, and encouraging the Practice of 
 moral Virtue. Such was its proper, natural 
 Character. But it foon loft this original 
 Grcatnefs, and became debafed to every light 
 Defcription of Love, Dances, Feafts, Gal- 
 lantry and Wine. In this View i: may be 
 2 compared
 
 The P R E F A C E. Lx 
 
 compared to one of its firft Matters, who 
 descended (according to an Exprcffion of 
 Quintilian) into Sports and Loves, although 
 naturally formed for nobler Subjects. 
 
 Yet this Alteration, although it leffened- 
 its natural Dignity, feems to have added to 
 that pleafing Variety, to which no other 
 Poetry can pretend. For when the Skill and 
 Experience of the Perfons, who firft cul- 
 tivated the different Kinds of Poems, gave to 
 each Kind thofe Numbers, which feemed 
 mofl proper for it ; as Lyric Poetry had given 
 Birth to all Sorts of Verfe, fo it preferved to 
 itfelf all the Meafures of which they arc 
 compofed, the Pentameter alone excepted. 
 Thus a Variety of Subjects is agreeably main- 
 tained by a Variety of Numbers, and they 
 have both contributed to that free, unbound- 
 ed Spirit, which forms the peculiar Character 
 of Lyric Poetry. 
 
 In this Freedom of Spirit it difdains to 
 mark the Tranfitions, which preferve a Con- 
 nexion in all other Writings, and which natu- 
 rally conduct the Mind from one Thought to 
 another. From whence it muft often happen, 
 that while a Tranflator is grammatically ex- 
 plaining his Author, and opening his Reafon- 
 ing, that Genius and Manner, and Boldnefs 
 of Thinking, which are Effects of an im- 
 mediate, poetical Enthufiafm, fhall be difli- 
 pated and enfeebled. 
 
 It is remarkable, that this Kind of Poetry- 
 fhould be the firft that appeared in Rome, as 
 
 it
 
 xii The P R E F A C E. 
 
 it was the firft known in Greece, and that it 
 fhould be ufed in the fame Subjects by the 
 Romans, while they had not yet any Cor- 
 rcfpondence with Greece and her Learning. 
 However, it continued in almofl its firft 
 Rudenefs until the Auguftan Age, when Ho-' 
 race, improved by reading and imitating the 
 Grecian Poets, carried it at once to its Per* 
 fe&ion, and, in the Judgement of Quintilian, 
 is almoft the only Latin Lyric Poet, worthy 
 of being read. 
 
 If we mould enquire into the State of Ly- 
 ric Poetry among Englifh Writers, we fhall 
 be obliged to confefs, that their Tafte was 
 early vitiated, and their Judgement unhappily 
 mifguided, by the too great Succefs of one 
 Man of Wit, who firft gave Pindar's Name 
 to a wild, irregular Kind of Verification, of 
 which there is not one Inftance in Pindar. 
 All hisNumbers are exacl:, and all his Strophes 
 regular. But from the Authority of Mr. 
 Cowley, fupported by an inconfiderate Imi- 
 tation of fome other eminent Writers, every 
 Idler in Poetry, who hath not Strength or 
 Jnduftry fufHcient to confine his Rhimes and 
 Numbers to fome conftant Form, (which 
 can alone give them real Harmony) makes 
 an Art of wandering, and then calls his 
 Work a Pindaric Ode j in which, by the 
 fame Juftnefs of Criticifm, his Imagination 
 is as wild and licentious, as his Numbers 
 are. k>ofe and irregular. 
 
 To
 
 The PREFACE. xlii 
 
 To avoid this Fault, all the Meafures in 
 the following Tranflation are conftantly main- 
 tained through each Ode, except in the Car- 
 msn Seculare. But it may be ufelefs to ex- 
 cufe Particulars, when poffibly the whole 
 Poem, in its prefent Form, may be con- 
 demned. Yet by Foreigners it has been 
 called Mr. Sanadon's Matter-piece ; and fince 
 the Odes of Horace are certainly not in that 
 Order at prefent, in which they were written, 
 it has been efteemed an uncommon Proof 
 of his critical Sagacity, to have reconciled in 
 one Whole, fo many broken Parts, that have 
 fo long perplexed the bed Commentators. 
 Yet the Reader will find fome Alterations of 
 Mr. Sanadcn's Plan, for which the Tranfla- 
 *or is obliged to the learned and reverend 
 Mr. Jones, who late y published a very va- 
 luable Edition of Horace. 
 
 Although it was inipoffible to preferve our 
 Author's Meafures, yet the Form of his 
 Strophes hath been often imitated, and, in 
 general, there will be found a greater Num- 
 ber of different Stanzas in the Tranflation, 
 than in the Original. One Advantage there 
 is peculiar to Englim Stanzas, that fome of 
 them have a natural Eafe and Fluency ; 
 others feem formed for Humour and Plea- 
 fantry ; while a third Kind hath a Tone of 
 Dignity and Solemnity proper for fublimcr 
 Subjects. Thus the Meafures and Form of 
 the Stanza will often ihew the Ddfcn and 
 Cart of the Ode. 
 *>'% In
 
 xlv The PR E FA C E. 
 
 In the Trantlation it hath not only been 
 endeavoured to give the Poet's general Mean- 
 ing, but to preferve that Force of Expreffion, 
 in which his peculiar Happinefs confifts, and 
 that Boldnefs of Epithets, for which one of 
 his Commentators calls him Wonderful, and 
 almoft Divine. Many Odes, efpecially in the 
 iirft Book, have little more than Choice of 
 Words and Harmony of Numbers to make 
 them not unworthy of their Author ; and 
 although thefe were really the moft difficult 
 Parts of the Transition, yet they will be 
 certainly leaft entertaining to an Englifli 
 Reader. In the ufual Manner of Paraphrafe 
 it had not been impoffible to have given them 
 more Spirit by enlarging the Poet's Defign, 
 and adding to his Thoughts ; but, however 
 hardy the Tranflator may feem by his prefent 
 adventurous Undertaking, this was a Pre- 
 fumption ofr which he was very little capable. 
 
 The Difficulties of Horace in his Satires 
 and Epiftlcs arife, in general, from his fre- 
 quent Tranflations of Lines in Grecian Wri- 
 ters, and Parodies on thole of his Cotempo- 
 raries ; from his introducing new Characters 
 on the Scene, and changing the Speakers of 
 his Dialogues ; from his not marking his 
 Tranfitions front-Thought to Thought, but 
 giving them as they lay in his Mind. Thefe 
 unconnected Trsm'fitions are of great Life 
 and Spirit, nor fhould a Tranflator be too 
 coldly regular in fupplying the Connexion, 
 iince it will Joe a tame Performance, that 
 
 gives
 
 The PREFACE. xv 
 
 gives us the Senfe of Horace, if it be not 
 given in his peculiar Manner. 
 
 As his Editors have often perplexed the 
 Text, by altering the Meafures of our Au- 
 thor for the Sake of a more mufical Cadence, 
 fo they, who have imitated or tranflated him 
 with moft Succefs in Englim, feem to have 
 forgotten, that a Careleflhefs of Numbers is 
 a peculiar Part of his Character, which ought 
 to be preferved almoft as faithfully as his 
 Sentiments. 
 
 Style is Genius, and juftly numbered 
 amongftthe Fountains of the Sublime. Ex- 
 preflion in Poetry is that Colouring in Paint- 
 ing, which diftinguimes a Maftcr's Hand. 
 But the Misfortune of our Tranflators is, that 
 they have only one Style, and that confe- 
 quently all their Authors, Homer, Virgil, 
 Horace, Ovid, are compelled to fpeak in the 
 fame Numbers, and the fame unvaried Ex- 
 preflion. The freeborn Spirit of Poetry is 
 confined in twenty conftant Syllables, and the 
 Senfe regularly ends with every fecond Line, 
 as if the Writer had not Strength enough to 
 fupport himfelf, or Courage enough to ven- 
 ture into a third. 
 
 This unclaffical Kind of Verification 
 would be particularly moft unnatural in a 
 Tranflation of Horace. It would make him 
 argue in Couplets, and the Perfons of his- 
 Dialogues converfe ajmoft in Epigrams. The 
 Tranflator has therefore followed the Senfe 
 
 in
 
 xvi The PREFACE. 
 
 jo one unbroken Period. He hath often en- 
 deavoured to imitate the profaic Cadence of 
 his Author, when he could with much more 
 Eafe have made him appear like a modern 
 Original. He hath run the Lines into each 
 other, as he believed it the bed Manner of 
 preferving that loofe, profaic Poetry, that 
 Negligence of Numbers, which hath ever 
 been efteemed one of his peculiar Beauties. 
 
 If we cbnfider tke poetical Spirit and nu- 
 merous Variety of Meafures in his Odes, we 
 may believe this carelefs Verification in his 
 Satires was not an EfFed of Neceffity, but 
 of Judgement. His frequent life of Pro- 
 verbs and common Phrafesj his different 
 :Manner of exprefling the fame Sentiments in 
 his Odes and Satires, will convince us, that 
 he really thought a Satyrift and a Poet were 
 extremely different Characters j that the Lari- 
 guage of Poetry was as unnatural to the Mo- 
 rality of Satire, as a low, familiar Style to the 
 Majefty of Epic Poem ; or, as he himfelf 
 expreffes it, that the Mufe of Satire walks 
 on Foot, while all her Sifters foar into the 
 Skies. 
 
 If this Criticifm be juft, the Difpute be- 
 tween Juvenal and Horace, with Regard to 
 Style, may with Eafe be decided. In Juve- 
 nal the Vices of his Age are fliewn in all their 
 natural Horrours. He commands his Readers 
 in the Language of Authority, and terrifies 
 them with Images drawn in the Boldnefs of 
 
 a truly
 
 The PREFACE, xvii 
 
 a truly poetical Spirit. He (lands like a Prieft 
 at an Altar facrificing to his Gods 5 but even 
 a Prieft, in his warmed Zeal of Religion, 
 might be forgiven, if he confefled fo much 
 Humanity, as not to take Pleafure in hear- 
 ing the Groans, and fearching into the En- 
 trails of the Viclim. 
 
 There is a Kind of Satire of fuch Malig- 
 nity, as too furely proceeds from a Defire of 
 gratifying a conftitutional Cruelty of Tem- 
 per. The Satirift does not appear like a Ma- 
 giftrate to give Sentence on the Vices of Man- 
 kind, but like an Executioner to daughter , 
 the Criminal. It was the Saying of a great 
 Man, that he, who hated Vice, hated Man- 
 kind ; but certainly he docs not love them 
 as he ought, who indulges to his natural 
 Sagacity in a Difcernment of their Faults, 
 and an ill-natured Pleafure of expofing them 
 to public View. 
 
 Our Author was of another Spirit ; of a 
 natural Chearfulnefs of Temper ; an Eafmefs 
 of Manners, falhioned by the Politenefs of 
 Courts; a good Underftanding, improved 
 by converfing with Mankind j a quick Dif- 
 cernment of their Frailties, but, in general, 
 fo happy an Art of correcting them, that he 
 reproves without offending, and inftructs 
 without an Affectation of Superiority. He 
 prefer ves a Strength of Reafoning neceffary 
 to perfuade, without that dogmatical Seriouf- 
 nefs, which is apt to difguft or difoblige. 
 VOL. I. a He
 
 xviii The P R E F A C E. 
 
 He has this Advantage over the rigid Satirift, 
 that we receive him into our Bofoms, while 
 he reafons with Good-humour, and corrects 
 in the Language of Friendfliip. Nor will 
 his Satires be lefs ufeful to the prefent Age, 
 than to that in which they were written, 
 fince he does not draw his Characters from 
 particular Perfons, but from human Nature 
 itfelf, which is invariably the fame in all 
 Ages and Countries. 
 
 As the Morals of Horace are drawn from 
 the two pureft Fountains of human Wif- 
 dom, a good Heart, and a well-improved 
 Understanding, fo when the Reflexions of 
 his Commentators feemed naturally to rife 
 from their Author, the Tranfiator hath been 
 careful to preferve them, and hopes they will 
 not be thought lefs entertaining, than ufeful. 
 Let him be permitted to hope, that the Notes, 
 in general, muft be really valuable, if they 
 have been chofen with Judgement in any 
 Degree proportioned to the Labour of col- 
 lecting them. Some original Notes there 
 are, but the Number is not confiderable. The 
 reft are given with all pofTible Exactnefs to 
 their different Authors j but, fince Collec- 
 tkms of this Kind are ufually tedious and 
 heavy, the Geography ol Countries, Hiftory 
 of Perfons and Mythology of Gods, which 
 every common Dictionary can fupply, are 
 here omitted. i 
 
 Ic
 
 The P R E F A C E. xix 
 
 It 'was efteemed a neceflary Labour to 
 confider the Text with the Criticifm of a 
 Grammarian in View to the Purity of the 
 Latin Tongue, and with the Care of an 
 Editor in comparing the various Readings of 
 Manufcripts and Editions. Such a Study is 
 very little entertaining, but it often clears up 
 Difficulties, that have perplexed the beft In- 
 terpreters. It preferves us from authorifing 
 unknown Words ; receiving defective Con- 
 ductions for Elegancies, and Barbarifms for 
 Beauties. All the Corrections in this Edition, 
 excepting fome few that are purely conjectural, 
 are to be found in Manufcripts of the beft 
 Authority, collated by the moft accurate 
 Editors, particularly Doctor Bentley, and 
 Mr. Cuningham. To the firft of thefe Gen- 
 tlemen we are obliged, not only for many Re- 
 marks of an uncommon Erudition, but for 
 fome conjectural Emendations, which no 
 Critic of a lefs daring Spirit could have at- 
 tempted. To Mr. Cuningham we arc in- 
 debted for many valuable Inftances of Saga- 
 city, yet with a Criticifm fo fevere, as if it 
 were intended rather to correct Doctor Bent- 
 ley than Horace. Where they agree, we 
 may be almoft aflured that there is no Poffi- 
 bility of doubting. 
 
 Another Care of fome Importance was to 
 
 correct the Stops, which arc therefore altered 
 
 in numberlefs Places ; for although every 
 
 Reader hath a Right to point an ancient 
 
 a 2 Author
 
 *x The PREFACE. 
 
 Author as he pleafes, fince the Art of Punc- 
 tuation, if it may be fo called, is of modern 
 Invention, yet great Exadlnefs is required, 
 when it is intended for public Ufe. 
 
 The Method of explaining the Claffics by 
 fimilar Paflages from each other hath been 
 generally efteemed, if it be not ufed too fre- 
 quently, or with an Affectation of Learning. 
 But as the Quotations would have been ufe- 
 lefs in their original Languages to an Engliih 
 Reader, He is obliged for all the Tranflations, 
 marked with the Letter D, to the Reverend 
 Dr. Dunkin. 
 
 While the Tranflator with Pleafure ac- 
 knowledges much kind Afliflance given him 
 in the Courfe of this Work, he thinks him?- 
 felf obliged particularly to mention theFriend- 
 mip of this Gentleman. His uncommon 
 Genius, and extenlive Abilities in all Parts of 
 polite Literature do not need a Character here ; 
 but his chearful and ready Affiftance in all 
 difficult PafTages ; his free and manly Spirit 
 of correcting; his early giving the Reputa- 
 tion of his Name to this almoft defperate 
 Undertaking, by owning a large Number of 
 Odes tranflated by Him, even common Gra- 
 titude ought to acknowledge. But it is not 
 a common Happinefs to have many Years 
 enjoyed the Friendship of an honeft and a 
 good Man. May no Misfortune ever inter r 
 rupt the Continuance pf it, 
 
 la
 
 The P R E F A C E. xxj 
 
 In Juftice to his Reputation, it mould be 
 acknowledged, that whatever Alterations in 
 .this Edition are made in his Parts of the 
 Work, have been made without his Know- 
 ledge. They were hazarded in the Spirit of 
 Affe&ion, and Friendship. 
 
 The general Indulgence, with which this 
 Work hath been received by the Public, 
 made the Tranflator think himfelf obliged in 
 Gratitude to correct the prefent Edition with 
 his beft Care and Abilities. Yet it were un- 
 wife to let the Reader know how much Time 
 and Labour hath been laid out upon it, left 
 his Expectation fhould be raifed too high, 
 and confequently difappointed. Many are 
 the Faults, which through human Weak- 
 nefs, or natural Self- Partiality, the Tranflator 
 may be fuppofed incapable of feeing ; and 
 many, very many more, which he had not 
 Strength enough to correct. 
 
 Let him not be thought fond of making 
 Innovations in the received and eftablifhed 
 Forms of Writing, although he hath been 
 bold enough to print all the Words of his 
 Tranflation, fuch as generous, temperate, 
 powerful, at full Length. Agood Reader will 
 pronounce them in the fame metrical Time, 
 as gen'rous, temp'rate, pow'rful : Perhaps in 
 lefs Time ; as a Dactyle is fhorter than a 
 Spondee, Let us add, that a Sweetnefs of 
 Sounds in reading can only be preferved by a 
 , articulate Pronunciation of the Vow-
 
 xxii The PREFACE, 
 
 els ; that a Croud of Confonants, and a 
 frequent breaking the Words really hurts the 
 Eye ; and that we have already too many 
 unavoidable Contractions in our Language. 
 Let us not multiply them unnecefTarily. To 
 print this Line, 
 
 Monftrum horrendum informe ingens cui 
 lumen aderntum 
 
 in the Contractions of Profody, would be per- 
 fedt Barbarifm. 
 
 For any other Alterations in this Edition, 
 the Tranfiator expects and depends on the 
 Candour of his Readers j yet he neither de?- 
 fires, nor hopes, that the Tranflation fhould 
 be received without a fair and manly Cor- 
 redtion. This was his firft Attempt in any 
 Kind of Writing ; and if he hath offered his 
 Opinion on the difficult PafTages of his Au- 
 thor with that Modefty, which is due to the 
 Public, let him expert fuch Tendernefs for 
 his Miftakes, as he hath {hewn to thofe of 
 others, while he confeiles, without AfFeda- 
 tion, that he hath much Need of it. , If he 
 hath made no impertinent Difplay of his 
 Learning, let him not be thought ignorant - 9 
 and if in the Courfe of five Years he hath 
 fometimes (lumbered over his Work, let him 
 not be too rudely wakened -, 
 
 *- A kind indulgent Sleep 
 
 O'er Works of Length, allowably may creep. 
 
 HORACE: ARJ of POETRY. 
 
 On
 
 The P R E F A C E. xxiii 
 
 On thefe Terms he chearfully fubmits to 
 the Judgement of the Public, and acknow- 
 ledges, as a Maxim, an Obfervation of Ari- 
 ftotle, That the Public judge better in Mufic 
 and Poetry than particular Perfons, for every 
 one remarks fomething, and all remark the 
 Whole.
 
 Horatii Flacri 
 C A R M I N A. 
 
 THE 
 
 O D E S 
 
 O F 
 
 HO R ^ C E. 
 
 VOL. I.
 
 ^ HORATII FLACCI 
 
 C A R M I N U M 
 
 LIBER PRIMUS. 
 
 CARMEN I. 
 
 MAECENAS, atavis edite regibus, 
 O & praefidium & dulce decus meum : 
 Sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympium 
 Collegifle juvat, metaque fervidis 
 Evitata rotis, palmaque nobilis 5 
 
 Terrarum dominos evehit ad Deos. 
 
 Hunc, 
 
 The Word Ode was not introduced into the Latin Tongue 
 until the third or fourth Century, and was then firft ufed to 
 fignify any Pieces of Lyric Poetry. The Grammarians, per- 
 ceiving that Horace hath more than once ufed the Word Carmen 
 to fignify this kind of Poetry, have not fcrupled to place it at 
 the Head of his Odes, although there be not any Probability, 
 that he defigned to make it their general Title. SAN A DON. 
 
 There is nothing in this Ode, that can afcertain the Time 
 in which it was written. It ftands as a Dedication of the 
 Poet's Works to his Patron Maecenas. The principal Beauty 
 of it confifts in the Variety of the Style ; yet Mr. Sanadon 
 thinks the fame Thought returns too often in almoft the fame 
 Expreffion Evehit ad Deos D'u mi/cent fuperls Feriam 
 fidera -vert'ice. 
 
 Verf. i . Mtfcfnas.] Caius Cilnius Maecenas is diftinguimed 
 in the Roman Hiftory, by being fo many Years the Favou- 
 rite of Auguftus ; yet is he more famous by that Protection 
 and Encouragement, which he gave to Men of Genius and 
 Letters. To him the prefent World is in a great meafure 
 indebted for all the Wit and Learning of the Auguftan Age ; 
 
 and
 
 (3) 
 THE FIRST 
 
 pB O O K | 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 ODES of HORACE. 
 
 ODE I. To MAECENAS. 
 
 OThou, whofe Birth illuftrious fprihgs 
 From fair Etruria's ancient Kings, 
 Maecenas, to whofe Guardian Name 
 I owe my Fortune and my Fame ; 
 In Clouds th' Olympic Duft to roll, 
 To turn with kindling Wheels the Goal, 
 And gain the Palm, victorious Prize ! 
 Exalts a Mortal to the Skies. 
 
 This 
 
 and even at this Day the Name of Maecenas is a Title not 
 unworthy of Pcrfons of the nobleft Character, who know, 
 like him, to animate, by their Favour and Generofity, the 
 Spirit of Emulation amongft Writers. SAN. 
 
 His Character is thus finely drawn by Veil. Paterculus ; 
 rir } ubi res mlgiliam exigent, Jane exjomnis, profit/ens atqxt 
 agendi fcient . Simul vero aliquid ex negotio remitti pa/fet, ctio 
 ac mollitiii paene ultra f&minam fluens When Bufmefs re- 
 quired his Attention, he was perfe&ly fleeplefs, provident 
 and fkilful in all its Forms. But, as foon as he could dif- 
 engage himfelf, he diflblved in Luxury and Idlenefs, almoft 
 beyond the Softnefs of Women. 
 
 The learned Reader may fee the Proofs of his Defcent 
 from the Kings of Etruriain the following Quotations. M<?- 
 cenas eques Etrufco de fanguine Regum. Proper. -ALecenas ata<vzs 
 regibus ortus eques. Martial. Cut fceptris celtbratum nomtn 
 Etrufds, Sil. Italicus. 
 
 B 2
 
 4 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Hunc, fi mobilium turba Quiritium 
 
 Certat tergeminis tollere honoribus ; 
 
 Ilium, il proprio condidit horreo 
 
 Quidquid de Libycis verritur areis i I O 
 
 Gaudentem patrios findere farculo 
 
 Agros ; Attalicis conditionibus 
 
 Nunquam dimoveas, ut trabe Cyprla 
 
 Myrtoum, pavidus nauta, fecet mare. 
 
 Lu&antem Icariis flu&ibus Africum 15 
 
 Mercator metuens, otium & oppidi 
 
 Laudat rura fui : mox reficit rates 
 
 Quaflas, indocilis pauperiem pati. 
 
 Eft, qui nee veleris pocula Maffici, 
 
 Nee 
 
 7. Hunc, fi mobilium.'] In the fix following Lines, if we 
 underftand three different Characters of Ambition, Avarice, 
 and a Country-Life, we ihall find a beautiful Variety in the 
 Senfe of the Poet. On the contrary, if we make Ilium agree 
 vntbGmJetitfm, we mall not only give two Paffions to the 
 fame Perfon, but two Paffions not frequently found together: 
 An Avarice of Hoarding, and a Chearfulnefs of Labour. It 
 is hardly conceivable, that the Covetoufnefs, which would 
 colled all the Corn of Africa, can be united with the Mo- 
 deration of Him, whofe whole Pleafure is the Cultivation of 
 his Eftate. 
 
 Hunc ft & c . reprefents a Man, whofe Ambition aims at 
 the higheft Employments in the State ; Ilium ft, gives us an 
 Image of a rich and covetous Corn-Fader ; wAGaudentem 
 is the Fidlure of a Country-Farmer, who neither defires 
 Riches, nor Honours, but is chearfully employed in the 
 Cultivation of his Lands 
 
 ' The Poet here defcribes the various Conditions of Life, 
 'Ut without any Intention of comparing them, or determin- 
 ing which is really moft eligible. It is fufficient, to the 
 
 efign of the Ode, to prove that Men have very different 
 
 Choi ' fi T Cernin S Happinefs, but when once their 
 
 -e is nxed, t were in vain to propofe to them a Change 
 
 of
 
 Od. i. THE ODES OF HORACE. f 
 
 This Man, to Honours rais'd fupreme, 
 By Rome's inconftant, loud Acclaim ; 
 Another, if from Lybia's Plain 
 He ftores his private Barn with Grain ; 
 A Third, who with unceafing Toil 
 Plows chearful his paternal Soil ; 
 While in their feveral Wifhes bleft, 
 Not all the Wealth by Kings pofieft, 
 Shall tempt, with fearful Souls, to brave 
 The Terrors of the foamy Wave. 
 
 When loud the Winds and Waters wage 
 Wild War with elemental Rage, 
 The Merchant praifes the Retreat, 
 "T'he Quiet of his rural Seat ; 
 Yet, Want untutor'd to fuftain, 
 Soon rigs his ftiatter'd Bark again. 
 
 No mean Delights poflefs his Soul, 
 With good old Wine who crowns his Bowl ; 
 
 Whofe 
 
 of the prevailing Pafllon, or the Ufe of other Means for the 
 Gratification of it, than what they have already embraced. 
 
 GLAREANUS DACIER. 
 
 That this* is the whole Intention of the Ode will farther 
 appear, if we confider it as an Imitation of Pindar, in the 
 following beautiful Paflage : 
 
 Tipot 
 qXt^v 
 tfTrrrai 06 x^ TIJ \ir olo)*' aA*e 
 
 The Crowns, whofe blooming Honours grace 
 The Courfcrs in th' Olympic Race, 
 Tempeftuous ruling to the Goal, 
 With Rapture fill the Vigor's Soul. 
 
 B 3 Son*
 
 Q HQRATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Nee partem fplido demere de die 20 
 
 Spernit, nunc viridi membra Tub arbuto 
 
 Stratus, nunc ad aquae lene caput facrse. 
 
 Multos caftra juvant, & lituo tubae 
 
 Permiftus fonitus, bellaque matribus 
 
 Deteftata. Manet fub Jove frigido 25 
 
 Venator, tenerae conjugis immemor ; 
 
 Seu vifa eft catulis cerva fidelibus, 
 
 Seu rupit teretes Marfus aper plagas. 
 
 Te do&arum ederae praemia frontium 
 
 Some with luxurious Joy behold 
 
 The feftal Bed emblaz'd with Gold, 
 
 While Others triumph, fafe to guide 
 
 Their Gallies bounding through the foamy Tide. D. 
 
 This Ode hath been differently explained according to the 
 different Genius, Learning, and Taiie of its Commentators. 
 Let one Attempt more, to throw it into a new Light, be 
 forgiven. 
 
 The Poet hath fet the Characters of it in fb ftrong a Cotf- 
 trafte, as that each of them gives and receives a Force and 
 Colouring from the other. Fame and Ambition ; Sunt quos 
 curricula Hunc Jimobilium. An infatiable Defire of Riches, 
 and Contentment with a moderate Fortune ; Ilium Ji proprio 
 -Gaudentem patriot. Induftry and Luxury; Lu&antem Ica- 
 rus Eft qui nee veteris. War and Hunting ; Multos caftra 
 jvivant Manet fub Jove frigido. And laftly, a Reputation 
 acquired by Learning and a poetical Tafte, is fet in Oppofi- 
 tion to a Reputation hoped for from Succefs in Lyric Poetry 
 alone. Te doclarum ederte Me gelidum nemus. In the Be- 
 ginning of the Ode he compliments his Patron on the Dignity 
 of his Birth, and in the laft Lines on his general Learning, 
 and his particular Judgement in that Kind of Poetry, in which 
 he himfelf would wifh to excel. 
 
 20. Nee partem.] The folid Day was an entire Day of 
 twelve Hours. The Romans feldom eat (at leaft they had 
 no regular Meal) until Evening, and the Voluptuary is here 
 faid to take away from the folid Day (perhaps from the Bu- 
 
 fmefs
 
 Od. i. THE ODES OF HORACE. y 
 
 Whofe early Revels are begun, 
 
 Ere half the Courfe of Day be run, 
 
 Now, by fome facred Fountain laid, 
 
 Now, ftretch'd beneath fome bowering Shade. 
 
 Others in tented Fields rejoice, 
 The Trumpet-Sound, the Clarion-Voice : 
 With Joy the Sounds of War they hear, 
 Of War, which tender Mothers fear. 
 
 The Sportfman, chill'd by midnight Jove, 
 Forgets his tender, wedded Love, 
 Whether his faithful Hounds purfue, 
 And hold the bounding Hind in View ; 
 Whether the Boar, fierce-foaming, foils 
 The Chace, and breaks the fpreading Toils. 
 
 An Ivy-wreath, fair Learning's Prize, 
 Raifes Maecenas to the Skies i 
 
 Be 
 
 finefs and Sobriety of it,) by beginning his Feafts before 
 Sun-fat. CR.UQUIUS. 
 
 25. Sub Jovefrigido^ In the Language of Poetry, among 
 the Greeks and Romans, Jupiter often fignifies the Air, and 
 the Tranflator hath here ventured the Expreffion in Englifti. 
 
 29. Te do}arutn.~\ We are obliged for this Correction to 
 Rutgerfius. It feems neceflary, even in the Conduct of the 
 Ode, that Horace, after having marked the prevailing In- 
 clinations of Mankind in general, mould particularly men- 
 tion the peculiar Paflion or Maecenas, before hefpeaks of his 
 own. In the common Reading, me, the Poet fays, the crown 
 of ivy raifes him to converfe with Gods, Dis mifcent fuperis, 
 yet in the laft Lines he wifhes for the Judgement and Appro- 
 bation of Maecenas to raife him to Hea\'en. The Correction 
 is not lefs probable, than it is necefiary, fince the firft Letter 
 of the Line does not appear in fome Manufcripts. The 
 Copyifts probably wrote many Lines without the firft Let- 
 ters, intending afterwards to blazon them, and fometimes, 
 as perhaps in this Inltance, they forgot them entirely. 
 
 B 4- 31-
 
 $ Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINTJM Lib. i." 
 
 Dis mifcent fuperis ; me gelidum nemus, 30 
 
 Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chort 
 
 Secernunt populo ; fi neque tibias 
 
 Euterpe 'cbhibet, nee Polyhymnia 
 
 Lefboum refugit tendere barbiton. 
 
 Quod fi me lyricis vatibus inferes, 35 
 
 Sublimi feriam fidera vertice. 
 
 C AR- 
 
 31. Satyris chori^\ The Satyrs are always ' reprefented 
 dancing. They were mefe .Creatures of Imagination, and 
 
 although extremely deformed, are always found in the molt 
 amiable, poetical Societies, perhaps, to fhe\v us how effen- 
 tial aftrong Imagination is to form the Character of a Poet. 
 The Ancients were perfuaded, that they had a profound, 
 univerfal Knowledge, and that even their Sports and Jefls 
 had fomething myfterious in them. DAC 
 
 32. Secernunt populo."] That eafy Solitude, which Poetry 
 and the Mufes love, far from the Bufmefs and Impertinence 
 of the Croud. 
 
 35. Quod ft.] This Conclusion is wrought with a very bold, 
 yet delicate Flattery. The Poet, feparated from the Vul - 
 gar by the Favour of the Mufes ; equalled to the great Al- 
 cseus ; introduced into the facred Groves, and admitted to 
 the AfTemblies of the rural Gods and Goddeffes, yet afpires 
 to fomething more elevated. He ftill wifhes for the Judge- 
 ment of Maecenas to rank him with the Grecian Lyric Poets, 
 and to fix the Seal of Immortality to his Glory. Although 
 Poets are ufually thought Flatterers by Profeflion, yet here 
 the Flattery is much foftned by the Character, which Maece- 
 nas had in the learned World, by his Writings both in Verfe 
 and Profe. SAW.
 
 Od. i. THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 
 Be mine, amid the breezy Grove, 
 In facred Solitude to rove ; 
 To fee the Nymphs and Satyrs bound, 
 . Light-dancing, through the mazy Round, 
 While all the tuneful Sifters join 
 Their various Harmony divine. 
 But if You rank me with the Choir, 
 Who tun'd with Art the Grecian Lyre, 
 Swift to the nobleft Heights of Fame, 
 Shall rife thy POET'S deathlefs Name. 
 
 ODI
 
 CABMEN II. ^/ AUGUSTPM. 
 
 JAM fatis terris nivis, atque dirae 
 Grandinis mifit Pater, & rubente 
 Dextera facras jaculatus arce$ " /cra 
 
 Terruitvrbem; 
 
 Terruit gentes, grave n<? rediret 5 
 
 Saeculum Pyrrha^, : nova mpnftra queflsp j 
 Omne quum Proteus pecus egit altos 
 
 Vifere montes j Pifcium 
 
 All our elder Commentators agree, that this Ode was 
 written in Compliment to Auguftus, upon the Prodigies, 
 which appeared immediately after the Death of Julius Cjefar. 
 But they did not confider, that Horace was then at Athens, 
 and that he afterwards engaged himfelf in the Party of Bru- 
 tus, in whofe Camp, it is very little probable he mould ad- 
 drefs the Gods for the Prefervation of Oclavius, and for 
 Vengeance upon the Perfons, who killed the Dictator. 
 
 Senfible of thefe and other Difficulties, Mr.Dacier would 
 Perfuade us, that Horace wrote this Ode fifteen Years after 
 the Dictator's Death ; that he formed it in manner of a Pro- 
 phecy, as it is eafy to write in the prophetic Spirit upon paft 
 f&&* ' and that he placed it thus early in his Works to 
 infi nuate to Auguftus, that it was really written at the Time 
 twhen Casfar was put to Death. Thus He might endeavour 
 o conv mce that Prince, how foon he acknowledged the Juf- 
 tice of his Caufe, and efface any dangerous Impreffions, 
 
 uch might yet remain upon his Mind, from a Remem- 
 orance, that he had been once engaged in the Republican 
 
 maft fu PP fe fuc Weaknefs in Auguftus, 
 eCe r d ' and fuchM eannefs in Horace, in 
 atternpnngfo J OW an Artifice, that it is equally injurious to 
 
 wkh th V S ft t0t f e ? et ' Wh had the Honour of living 
 dear frl f v, ? f T the T W rld in a Familiarity, which wa! 
 clear from all little Jealoufies and Sufpicions. 
 
 C nea 
 
 iecHon w ne n- a tcm Hes P en to - 
 
 ^ tOMr " Sa adonf or a Piece of Hif- 
 
 orv whiri K " ece o - 
 
 tory, which very ha ppl ly explains many particular Paflagc.
 
 ODE II. To AUGUSTUS. 
 
 ENough of Snow, and Hail, th' immortal Sire 
 Hath pour'd tempeftuous ; whilft his Thunders dire, 
 With red right Arm at his own Temples hurPd, 
 With Fear and Horrour fhook the guilty World, 
 Left Pyrrha's Age return, with plaintive Cries 
 Who faw the Deep with new-born Wonders rife ; 
 When to the Mountain-Summit Proteus drove 
 His Sea-born Herd, and where the Wood-land Dove 
 
 Late 
 
 in the Ode, irreconcileable by any other Scheme, and more 
 naturally accounts for the Defign and Intention of the whole. 
 
 O&avius received the Surname of Auguftus the 1 7th of 
 January, in the Year of Rome 727, and the Night following 
 happened an uncommon Inundation of the Tiber. >uum 
 Augujii cognomen accepijjet ed ipfd nofle Tiberis exvndans if a 
 omnia qu<? in piano jacerent Rom^e /oca replevit, ut navignbilis 
 effet. DION. He had, fome Time before, made an Offer 
 of refigning the Government to the Senate, and told them, 
 in his Speech on that Occafion, that he never intended to 
 hold the fovereign Authority, nor had received it with any 
 other View, than to revenge the Murder of Cxfar, and to 
 deliver Rome from the continual Calamities to which it was 
 cxpofed : Re ipfd perfpicitis, me ab initio nequaquam potentiam 
 aliquant animo propofetam habutffe ; fecT hoc were eupiviffe, ut 
 patris met mifere interfefti c&dem ulcifctrer, Urbemque magnis 
 ff ccntincntibus mails liber or em. DION. 1. 53. Thefe two 
 Events gave Rife to this Ode, in which the Poet intends no- 
 thing lefs than to engage Auguftus to refign the fovereign 
 Power, and at the fame Time pays no mean Compliment to 
 his Patron Maecenas, by whofe Advice he held it. SAN. 
 
 Verf. i. Jam fa t ii\ Thefe four Strophes are wrought with 
 a great deal of natural Terrour, and although Dion doth 
 not mention the Circumftances of Haii and Snow in his Ac- 
 count of the Inundation, yet are they not improbable, at 
 leaft they are very poetical Ornaments of it SAN. 
 
 2. Rubente dexterd.] Horace alludes to a fuperftitious Opi-
 
 14 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Pifcium & fumma genus haefit ulmo, 
 Nota qtue fedes fuerat palumbis, I O 
 
 Et fuperjecto pavidae natarunt 
 
 ./Equore damas. 
 
 Vidimus flavum Tiberim, retortis 
 Littore Etrufco violenter undis, 
 Ire dejetum monumenta regis, 15 
 
 Templaque Veftas ; 
 Iliae dum fe nimiurn querenti 
 
 2O 
 
 Jatat ultorem, vagus & flniftra 
 
 Labitur ripa, Jovenonprobante, u- 
 
 . . ;;../ H; ,.^;i- *..- 
 xonus amnis : 
 
 Audiet cives acuifle ferrum, 
 Quo graves Perfae melius perirent : 
 Audiet pugnas, vitio parentum 
 Rarajuvewtus. 
 
 Quem 
 
 nion of the Ancients, who believed that Thunders, which 
 portended any Revolution in a State, were more enflamed 
 than any other, as they fancied that the Lightnings of Ju- 
 piter were red and fiery ; thofe of the other Gods pale and 
 dark. CRUO^ 
 
 13. Retortis littore Etrufco.'] The Tiber difcharges itfelf into 
 the Tufcan Sea, which being fwollen by Tempefts and a 
 prodigious Fall of Snow and Hail, (the Wind at the fame 
 Time blowing up the Channel) made the River flow back- 
 ward, retcrquere, againft its natural Courfe. The LittusEtrufcum 
 means the Shores of the Tufcan Sea, into which the Tiber 
 mould regularly flow, and from whence it turned upward to 
 its Fountain-Head. CRUQ^SAN. 
 
 17. //i>.] Ilia was Mother of Romulus by Mars, and be- 
 ing buried on the Banks of theAnio, herAfhes were carried 
 away into the Tiber, from whence the Poets feigned, that 
 fhe was married to that River. ANCIENT COMMENTATOR. 
 
 Nimium querentij] Auguftus had told the Senate, that he 
 accepted the fovereign Power only to revenge the Murder of 
 Casfar ; but the Tiber, fays the Poet, feemed willing to 
 continue that Vengeance, nor thought he could accomplifh 
 
 it,
 
 Od. 2. THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 Late perch'd, his wonted Seat, the fcaly Brood 
 Entangl 'd hung upon the, topmoft Wood, 
 And every timorous Native .of the Plain 
 High -floating fwam amid tjie houndlefs Main. 
 
 We faw, pufh'd backward to his native Source, 
 The yellow Tiber roll his rapid Courfe, 
 With impious Ruin threatnihg Vefta's Fane, 
 And the great Monuments of Numa's Reign ; 
 With Grief and Rage while Ilia's Bofom glows, 
 Boaftful, for her Revenge, his Waters rofe, 
 But now, th' uxorious River glides away, 
 So Jove commauds, fmooth -winding to the Sea : 
 And yet, lefs numerous by their Parents' Crimes, 
 Our Sons fhall hear, mall hear to lateft Times, 
 Of Roman Arms with civil Gore embru'd, 
 Which better had the Perfian Foe fubdu'd. 
 
 Whom 
 
 it, but by the total Deftru&ion of Rome. This he attempted 
 in Compliance with his Wife's Refentments ; but as there 
 was an equal Excefs in his Uxorioufnefs, and in her Com- 
 plaints, Jupiter equally disapproves of them, nor will fuffer 
 him to partake of that Glory, which he referved for Auguf- 
 tus in revenging the Death of Caefar. SAN. 
 
 1 8. Sinijird ripa.~\ Rome was fituated on the left Side of 
 the Tiber, and as that Shore was lower than the Tufcan, it 
 was more expoled to an Inundation. SAN. 
 
 19. Labitur.~\ After the Poet hath painted the Tiber in all 
 the Terrours and Rapidity of an Inundation, he makes ufe 
 of a Word, which exprefles a fmooth and imperceptible Mo- 
 tion. By this Oppofition, and by the Feeblenefs of the Words 
 Vagus and Labitur, he would infmuate how weak the Efforts 
 ven of a God mult prove, when he attempts to rob Auguf- 
 tus of that Glory, which Jupiter had referved for him, in 
 appointing him to be the fole Avenger of Caefar. SAN. 
 
 21. Audiet cives.] Some Commentators have ib'uck out 
 
 this
 
 14 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Quern vocet Divum populus mentis 25 
 
 Imperi rebus ? prece qua fatigent 
 Virgines fanclae minus audientem 
 
 Carmina Veftam? 
 Cui dabit partes fcelus expiandi 
 
 Jupiter? tandem venias, precamur, 30 
 
 Nube candentes humeros ami&us, 
 
 Augur Apollo : 
 
 this Strophe, as a kind of of irregular, poetical Rapture, 
 and others have laboured (although very unfuccefsfully) to 
 find its Connexion with the reft of the Ode. 
 
 The Poet tells us, that the Death of Caefar is fully re- 
 venged ; that Jupiter is fatisfied ; that he will not permit the 
 Tiber to commit any other Mifchiefs ; but that ftill the 
 Common-wealth lies in Ruins, and requires fome great Re- 
 ftorer. Thus he would inlinuate, that Auguflus ought not 
 to refign the fovereign Authority, until the Republic had 
 recovered from the Miferies of the civil War, and particu- 
 larly until he had reftored the Number of her Citizens, which 
 was greatly leffened by a War of thirty Years. This he 
 afterwards did by many Laws, particularly the Julian Law 
 for the Encouragement of Matrimony. 
 
 22. Graves Perf<t.~\ The Romans had always the ftrong- 
 eft Refentments of the Defeat of Craflus and Antony by the 
 Parthians, who are therefore mentioned here with this Epi- 
 thet of Terrour. TORRENTIUS. 
 
 25. Ruentis impenJ] This relates to the Remarks on the 
 21 ft Line. The Empire is in a ruinous Condition, and re- 
 quires fome great Supporter. SAN. 
 
 27. Minus audientem.] Julius Casfar was not only Ponti- 
 fex Maximus, but particularly the Prieft of Vefta, when he 
 was killed. 
 
 Metis illefuit, mem ilk facer dot, 
 Sacrilega tells mepetiere manus. 
 
 Caefar was mine, my facred Prieft was He; 
 Through him your impious Weapons wounded me, D. 
 
 OVID. 3. Faft. 
 
 Th
 
 Od. 2 THE ODES QF HORACE. . , ^ 
 
 Whom of her Guardian Gods, what pitying Powe^ 
 To raife her finking State (hall Rome implore ? . MJ Q 
 Shall her own hallow'd Virgins' eajrneft Prayer 
 Harmonious charm offended Vefta's Ear ? 
 To whom fhall Jove aflign to purge away ft j JJ3 ^ 
 The guilty Deed ? Appear, thouGod ofDay fj , ; m ,,r> 
 But gracious veil thy Shoulders beamy-bright, 
 Oh ! veil in Clouds th' unfufferabfc Light : 
 
 C* 
 
 The more therefore thit Vefta interefte3 herfelf in rereng; 
 ing the Death of Csefar, the more ought She to be angry 
 with the Romans, if they permitted Auguftus (the great 
 Avenger of that Death) to relign his Government of the Re- 
 public. SAN. 
 
 29. Cut dablt partes.'] This is a new Reafon, which ought 
 to engage Auguftus to retain the fupreme Power, as if he 
 alone were capable of appeafmg the Wrath of Jupiter for 
 the impious Murder of C<efar, which is ftrongly exprefled 
 by the Word fcehtt. SAN. 
 
 31. Nube candentes J] The Gods, when they were plcafed 
 to manifeft themfelves to Mortals, were always, in poetical 
 Imagery, clothed with Clouds ; but the Defcription is here 
 of peculiar Beauty, where the Poet intreats the God of 
 Light to hide the exceffive Splendours of his Prefence; and 
 he is introduced by a Flattery very pleafing to Auguftus, 
 who was willing to be thought his Son, which his Mother 
 Attia very conftandy affirmed. 
 
 There are fome antient Medals and Statues, which mew 
 a kind of floating Veftment thrown over the Shoulders of 
 this God. Publius Syrus, defcribing a fine filken Robe, 
 boldly calls it, a woven Wind, textilem ventum, and a lin- 
 en cloud, nebulam lineam. 
 
 Our Poet hath here literally tranflated an Expreffion of 
 Homer, in his Defcription of this God, <piXa f .7
 
 i6 Q^ HORATIT FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. I. 
 
 Sive tu mavis, Erycina ridens, 
 
 Quam locus circumvolat, & Cupido : 
 
 Sive negle&um genus, & nepotes 35 
 
 Refpicis auclor, 
 
 Heu ! nimis longo fatiate ludo, 
 Quern juvat clamor, galeaeque leves, 
 Acer & Marfi peditis cruentum 
 
 Vultus in hoftem : 4 
 
 Sive mutata juvenem figura, 
 Ales in terris imitaris, almae 
 Filius Maiae, patiens vocari 
 
 Csefaris ultor. 
 
 Serus 
 
 33. Erycina.] The Poet addrefleth himfelf to Venus, be- 
 caufe fhe was Mother of ^neas, from whom Csfar was 
 defcended ; yet there is a particular Delicacy in calling her 
 Erycina, becaufe ^Eneas had -brought a Statue of that God- 
 defs from Sicily to Italy, She had a Number of Women 
 confecrated to her in her Temple upon Mount Eryx in Sicily, 
 who enriched her Treafury by public Proftitution. SAN. 
 
 36. Re/fids.'] When the Gods turned their Eyes towards 
 their Worlhippers, it was a Sign of their Favour and Pro- 
 teftion, as the contrary, of their Anger and Difpleafure. 
 Thus Mercury was called Malevolus, or Malign, becaufe 
 two Statues, which were erected to him in the Merchant's 
 Street at Rome, were placed in fuch a manner, as that they 
 did not look towards any of the Shops. CRUQ^ DAC* 
 
 Aulor.~\ Romulus, the Founder of the Roman Empire, 
 was the Son of Mars, from whence the God is here called 
 Auftor. Thefe two Pi&ures of Mars and Venus are per- 
 fectly beautiful, if we view them feparately ; yet their Beau- 
 ties will appear more ftrongly, when they are fet in Oppo- 
 fition to each other. SAN. 
 
 37. Ludo.~\ The civil Wars between Casfar and Pompey 
 are called in another Ode, The Sport of Fortune, Ludumfor- 
 tunx. Lycophron improving upon this Image of Horace, 
 defcribes Mars, cruentis paftum prceUis. Carnage and Blood 
 are the Diverfion and Food of the God of War. SAN. 
 
 39. Marji peditis. ~] The ufual Reading has been Mauri, 
 but the Africans were never remarkable for their Courage. 
 On the contrary, the Marfi were the beil Infantry in the 
 
 Roman
 
 Od. 2. THE ODES OF HORACE. \f 
 
 Or may we rather thy Prote&ion claim, 
 Sicilian Venus, Laughter-loving Dame, 
 Round whom gay Jocus, and the God of Love, 
 Wave the light Wing, and hovering playful rove ? 
 Or whom the polim'd Helm, the Noife of Arms, 
 And the ftern Soldier's Frown with Tranfport warmsj 
 Parent of Rome, amid the Rage of Fight 
 Sated with Scenes of Blood, thy fierce Delight ! 
 Hither at length thine Afpe& gracious bend, 
 And, powerful, thy negleited Race defend : 
 Or Thou, fair Maia's winged Son, appear, 
 And mortal Shape, in Prime of Manhood, wear j 
 Declar'd the Guardian of th' imperial State, 
 Divine Avenger of great Csefar's Fate : 
 
 Oh! 
 
 Roman Armies. From whence came the Proverb, Neque de 
 Mar/is, nequejtne Marjjs triutnfb::m agi poffe. We can neither 
 triumph over the JVIarfi, nor without them. 
 
 LE EVRE, BENTLEY, SAN, 
 
 41. Jtrvenem.'] Salluft calls Julius Cxfar, Adolefcentulus^ 
 when he was thirty fix Years old ; the fame Age in which 
 Horace here calls Auguftus Ju<venem. In a Medal of the 
 Emperor Commodus, he is ftilcd Ju<venh at the Age of 
 thirty -five ; and Varro divides the Age of Man in almoft 
 the fame manner. Puer to fifteen, Adolefcens to thirty, and 
 Juvenis to five-and-forty. He tells us, this laft Word is de- 
 rived from Juvare, as if this Age were capable of rendering 
 the rnoft confiderable Services to the Republic. SAN. 
 
 As the Word Youth has a very different Acceptation, the 
 Tranflator was obliged to change it for a Phrafe, which 
 may perhaps better exprefs the Age of Auguftus, and the 
 Seufe of Horace. 
 
 44. Claris ultorJ] This rifes very naturally from the 
 Speech of Auguihis to the Senate ; bdides, he loved to 
 be called the Revenger of Csefar, $AS. 
 
 VOL. I. C
 
 18 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. f, 
 Serus in coelum redeas, diuque 45 
 
 L^tus interlis populo Quirini j 
 Neve te noftris vitiis iniquum 
 
 Ocyor aura 
 
 Tollat. Hie magnos potius triumphos, 
 Hie ames dici pater, atque princeps j 50 
 
 Neu finas Medos equitare inultos, 
 
 Teduce, Cxfar. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 45. Serus in calim redeas ^\ This Expreffion is tender arid 
 noble. It is particularly happy, iince it may be equally ap- 
 plied to Mercury, who was to return to Heaven, $ to his 
 native Country, and to Auguilus, who being a Descendant 
 of Venus, might be iuppofed to have come from Heaven. 
 
 DAC. 
 
 49. Magnos triumphos."} Auguftus, in the Month of Au- 
 guft 725, had triumphed three Days. The firft for the De- 
 feat of the Pannoniaus and Dalmatii ; the fecond for the 
 Battle of AcHum ; the laft for the Reduction of Egypt. 
 
 DAG. 
 
 50. Pater."] Some Medals of Auguftus call him Pater, and 
 fome Pater Patria-, and probably thefe were Very different 
 Titles. Perhaps Pater alone, might fignify Pater Imperil 
 Roman;, or Pater Orbis, as Ovid calls Augullus. SAN. 
 
 Primepi.'] Ten Days before Oclavius obtained the Sur- 
 name of Auguftus, the Senate had given him the Title of 
 Prince, and with it the Government of the Republic for ten 
 Years. Many before Him had been called Princes of the 
 Senate, but no Perfon had ever been ftyled Prince, as if he 
 alone were Prince of the Republic and the Roman People ; 
 or, as Phny exprefleth it, Priuceps Terranim. SAN, 
 
 51. Medos.'] The Parthians are called Medes and Perfi- 
 ans, as thefe three Monarchies were united. The Poet men- 
 tions them a fecond time, not only to animate Auguftus to 
 revenge the Death of Craffus, but alfo as a Reafon to en- 
 gage him to hold the Government of the Republic, which 
 iuraciently appears to be the Defsgn of the Ode. 
 
 ,_,, ^. 
 
 1 he Art, with which the laft Strophes of this Ode are 
 Brought, is very remarkable. When the Poet hath intro- 
 duced Mercury under the Character of Auguftus, he has 
 made it fo difficult to diftinguilh them, that all the Flattery 
 
 and
 
 Ode 2. THE ODES OF HORACE. 19 
 
 Oh ! late return to Heav'n, and may thy Reign 
 With lengthen'd Bleffings fill thy wide Demaine } 
 Nor let thy People's Crimes provoke thy Flight, 
 On Air fwift-rifmg to the Realms of Light. 
 Great Prince and Father of the State, receive 
 The nobleft Triumphs, which thy Rome can give ; 
 Nor let the Parthian, with unpunifti'd Pride, 
 Beyond his Bounds, O Caefar, dare to ride. 
 
 and Adoration are equally applied to the Prince, as to the 
 God, until he openly names Casfar in the laft Line He 
 has chofen Mercury to reprefent Auguilus, as that God was, 
 by his whole Character, a Lover of Mankind, and willing- 
 ly employed on all MefTages to them of Mercy and Bene- 
 ficence. Nor does he lefs refemble Auguftus in the Arts of 
 Perfuafion, by which that Prince had reconciled all the va- 
 rious Factions of Rome, and equally endeared himfelf to 
 all Parties. Super is eftorum gratits & imis. 
 
 C 2 OD*
 
 ( 20 f C 
 
 5H. c i*i t ^tJiil 
 
 ODE III. AdNavem qua VIRGILIUS wheba- 
 tur.ATHEKASfrofiafcens. .^ 
 
 * ~VT- -'* 4*v* // 
 
 SIC te Diva potens Cypri, 
 Sic fratres Helena, lucida fidera, 
 Ventorumque regat pater, 
 
 Obftri&is aliis, praeter lapyga, 
 Navis, quze tibi creditum 5 
 
 Debes Virgilium j finibus Atticis 
 Reddas incolumem, precor, 
 Et ferves animae dimidium meae. 
 
 .' ^ ' HJi 
 
 We may look upon this Ode as the laft Farewel of Horace 
 to Virgil, when that Poet went to finifh his ^Eneid at Athens. 
 The firft eight Lines are extremely foft and tender. From 
 thence the Poet, infpired by his Affedion for his Friend, 
 itarts away, with a truly Pindaric Spirit, to aDefcription of 
 all the Terrors and Dangers of the Ocean, as if he were 
 alarmed at Sight of the Veflel, in which he fancies Vireil 
 was expofed to all the Hazards of the Deep. He detefts 
 Navigation ; He thinks it a Violation of the Laws of Na- 
 ture ; an impious Defiance of the Will and Power of the 
 Mods. In the Remainder of the Ode, with a noble moral 
 bpirit, He condemns in genera! the daring Impiety of Man- 
 kind as if he. faw it rife from the fame Principle, which in- 
 fpired their firft Attempts upon the Ocean. Thus we fee 
 
 ' COnneaed were the ancient Pinda - 
 
 Virgil went to Athens in the Year of Rome 735, which 
 fixes the Date of this Ode. LE fij; SAN> 
 
 ^ p ' J Itwas ^ftomary among the Poets, when they 
 feed aFavour to add their belt Wimes for a Bleffing on the 
 Perfon, whofe Fnendmip they folicited. The Poet, in the 
 and Se 6 >f 7' Here addreffes his Vows to the Veffel - 
 
 n ppy Voyae ' as if fte were fenflble of 
 
 Diva
 
 ODE III To $e. Ship in which VIRGIL 
 Jailed to ATHENS. 
 
 SO may the Cyprian Queen divine, 
 And the Twin-Stars with faving Luftre mine ; 
 So may the Father of the Wind 
 All but the Weftern Gales propitious bind, 
 
 As you, deaf Veflel, fafe reftore 
 Th' intrufted Pledge to the Athenian Shore, 
 . .And of my Soul the Partner fave, 
 My much-lov'd Virgil from the raging Wave. 
 
 Or 
 
 Diva potens Cypri.~\ Venus was invoked by Mariners, not 
 only becaufe fhe fprung from the Ocean, but becaufe her Star 
 was ufcful to Navigation. CRUQ^ 
 
 2. Lufidafidera.~\ Liicida here fignifies falutaria ; for Lig;ht, 
 among the Greeks arid-Latins, is frequently taken for Safety. 
 
 DAC, 
 
 3. Ventortim pater.'] The Winds appear in the Mythology 
 as a kind of little winged Genii, mutinous and unquiet, who 
 take Pleafure in difturbing the Univerfe. They firft opened 
 a Paflage for the Seas into the Middle of the Earth ; they di- 
 vided a Number of Iflands from the Continent, and caufed 
 a thoufand other Ravages, in Nature. To prevent thefe Dif- 
 orders for the future, they were confined, and had a King 
 appointed to govern them, who had ever afterwards a large 
 Share in all poetical Adventures, either by raifingor calming 
 the Ocean. Even the Queen of the Gods did not difdain to 
 implore his Affiftance, and we may fay, that this Monarch 
 had the Honour of opening the great A&ion of the ^Eneid. 
 
 SAS. 
 
 7. ReJJas incolumem.~\ Virgil is here confidered as a Pledge 
 intrufted to the Ship, and there is an eafy, beautiful Exadi- 
 pgfs in the Terms crt3itum\ deles, reddas t incolumem.
 
 22 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. j. 
 
 Jlli robur & aes triplex 
 
 : Circa pe&us erat, qui fragilem truci JO 
 
 Commifit p4ago ratem 
 
 primus, nee timuit praecipitem Africum 
 Decertantem Aquilonibus, 
 
 Nee trifles Hyadas, nee rabiem Noti ; 
 Quo non arbiter Adriae $5 
 
 Major, tollere, feu ponere vult freta. 
 Quern mortis timuit gradum, 
 
 Qui fixis oculis monftra natantia, 
 Qui vidit mare turgid um, & 
 
 Infames fcopulos Acroceraunia ? 
 
 Nequicquarji 
 
 . 9. Robur. ,] The Poet here paffes to the fecond Part of the 
 Ode, and his Tranfition is lirongly marked by the Difference 
 of his Stile, which becomes more bold and elevated, as the 
 Cadences are more fpnorpus and magnificent. SAN. 
 
 112. Primus.] It is an idle Curiofity to enquire, who was 
 the firft Sailor, fince it is very probable, Navigation was 
 known in the earjicft Ages of the World. Jafpn has been 
 thought the Inventor of it, becaufe before his Time the 
 rGreeks and Phoenicians failed in round Ships. He built the 
 Argo, which, in the Phoenician ^Language, fignifies a long 
 Veffel. DAC. 
 
 The learned Editor of Virgil's Georgics believes, that an 
 Alder-Tree, grown hollow with Age, and falling into the 
 Kiver on which it was, planted (for this Tree delights in 9, 
 moift Soil, ami Banks of Rivers) gave the firft Hint tpwaids, 
 Navigation; 
 
 Tmcahosjrimumjtu'viifenfere cavatas. Gcprg. Lib. I . 
 
 14. Hyafu.} Are a Conftellation, in the Head of the 
 Bull, whofe Rifing and Setting is frequently attended by 
 Ram, from whence the Poet calls them Trifles. 
 
 15. Quonon arbiter Adria^ The Adriatic is here put for 
 
 < ?A e *f * ^ nera1 ' fmce ^^ Sea lies Pen, not to the 
 South- Weft Wmd, but to the Eaft-South-Eaft, called by the 
 f atms Vulturnus, ToRR
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORACE. 23 
 
 Or Oak, or Brafs, with triple Fold, 
 That hardy Mortal's daring Breaft enroll'd, 
 
 Who firft, to the wild Ocean's Rage, 
 Launch'd the frail Bark, and heard the Winds engage 
 
 Tempeftuous, when the South defcends 
 Precipitate, and with the North contends j 
 
 Nor fear'd the Stars portending Rain, 
 Nor the loud Tyrant of the Weftern Main, 
 
 Of Power fupreme the Storm to raife, 
 Or calmer fmooth the Surface of the Seas. 
 
 What various Forms of Death could fright 
 The Man, who view'd with fix'd, unfhaken Sight, 
 
 The floating Monflcrs, Waves enflam'd, 
 And Rocks, for fhipwreck'd Fleets, ill-fam'd ? 
 
 Jove 
 
 18. Fixts oculiiJ] This feems to have been the Reading of 
 the great Dryden, when he tranflated it with Jledfajl Sight. 
 Doftor Bentley hath fufiiciently expofed the ufual Reading 
 ficcii oculii ; Mr. Cunningham propofedttye Correction, and 
 Mr. Sanadon has received it into his Edition. 
 
 A learned Editor of Horace, the Reverend Mr. Jones, 
 hath chofen the common Reading, Jiccis oculis ; and happily 
 fupports it by a PaiTage in Milton : 
 
 Sight fo deform, what Heart of Rock could long 
 Dry-eyed behold ? 
 
 23. AcrQcerawia.~\ The Poet, with a very delicate Flatte- 
 ry calls thefe Rocks Infamous, becaufe Auguftus very nar- 
 rowly efcaped being fhipwrecked on them, when he returned 
 from the Battle of Adlium. Repetit Italian tempejiate in tra- 
 jedu bit confliflatui : primo inter prontontwia Pehponnefe atqut 
 jtoli<e : rurfui circa mantes Ceraunioina c vis in qua <veheba- 
 tur, fufis armament is & gubernaculo ajfratfo.Sueton. in Vita 
 ti. 
 
 C4
 
 24 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Kequicquam Deus abfcjdit 
 
 Prudens Qceano diflbciabili 
 Terras, fi tanien impiae 
 
 Non tangenda rates tranfiliunt vada. 
 Audax omnia perpeti 25 
 
 Gens humana ruit per vetitum & nefas, 
 Audax lapeti genus 
 
 Ignem fraude mala 1 gentibus intulit. 
 Poft ignem setherea domo 
 
 Subdudum, macies, & nova febrium 30 
 
 Terris incubuit Conors, 
 
 Semotique prius tarda neceflitas 
 Lethi corripuit gradum. 
 
 Expertus vacuum Daedalus aera 
 Pennis non homini datis. 3 
 
 Perrupit Acheronta Herculeus labor. 
 
 22. DiJJociabili ] Rude, unfociable, unfit for Commerce 
 or the Life of Man. In vain has God divided the Realms 
 of Earth, by this untraftable Element, if, &c. Livy has 
 ufed infociabilis in almoft the fame Senfe. SAN. 
 
 25. Audax] Here the third Part of the Ode begins, and 
 rifes naturally from the fecond, as accounting for the Bold- 
 nefs and Impiety of Navigation by the Daring of Mankind in 
 genera). SAN. 
 
 26. Vetitum (ff nefas] Hamelius and Mr. Sanadon have 
 added the Conjunftion ff upon Authority of an antient Ma- 
 nufcript. They, who vtz&<vetitum nefas, give a cold and 
 ufelefs Epithet to nefas, fmce all Wickednefs is forbidden. 
 The Poet divides into two Clafles all Sorts of Crimes ; thofe 
 forbidden by human Laws, vetitum, and {hofe by the Laws 
 pf Nature, nefas. 
 
 28. Fraude mala] The Romans ufed the Expreffion Joins 
 lonus, and ma/us ; Fraas bona and mala, efpecially when 
 
 ufed
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORACE. 25 
 
 Jove has the Realms of Earth in vain 
 Divided by th' inhabitable Main, -># * 
 
 If Ships profane, with fearlefs Pride, 
 Bound o'er th' inviolable Tide. 
 
 No Laws, or human or divine, 
 Can the prefumptuous Race of Man confine. 
 
 Thus from the Sun's ethereal Beam 
 When bold Prometheus ftole th' enlivening Flame, 
 
 Of Fevers dire a ghaftly Brood, 
 Till then unknown, th' unhappy Fraud purfued ; 
 
 On Earth their Horrours baleful fpread, 
 And the pale Monarch of the Dead, 
 
 'Till then flow-moving to his Prey, 
 Precipitately rapid fwept his Way. 
 
 Thus did the venturous Cretan dare 
 To tempt, with impious Wings, the Void of Air 5 
 
 Through Hell Alcides urg'd his Courfe ; 
 No Work too high for Man's audacious Force. 
 
 Our 
 
 ufed againft an Enemy, or a Robber. Yet perhaps unhappy 
 Fraud may fufficiently exprefs the Senfe of the Poet. A 
 Fraud, which in its Confequences (hall prove ruinous antj 
 deftru&ive. Thus Hefiod makes Jupiter fay to Prometheus, 
 Youfeem -very happy in having jlolen this Fire from Heaven, but 
 this 'I heft fljall prove fatal to You and to your Pofterity; 
 
 32. Semotique prius.] Mr. Dacier obferves, that the Poet 
 feems to have made the Motion of Death more flow in this 
 Line, that he might give him Swiftnefs and Rapidity in the 
 next ; a Beauty which the Tranflator hath endeavoured to 
 preferve.
 
 *6 Q. HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i, 
 Nil mortalibus arduum eft. 
 
 Ccelum ipfum petimus ftultitia ; nequc nQ 
 
 Per noftrum patjmur fcelus 
 
 Iracunda Jovem ponere fulmina. 
 
 CA R M E K 
 
 38. Ccelum ipfum petimus.] In Alluiion to the Fable of the 
 Giants. 
 
 rifi ni -M, 
 f- > nl vij 
 C; -V^fL'OV.
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORACI. 
 
 Our Folly would attempt the Skies, 
 And with gigantic Boldnefs impious rife ; 
 
 Nor Jove, provok'd by mortal Pride, 
 an lay bis angry Thunderbolts afide. . 
 
 OPE
 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 CARMEN IV. Ad SESTIUM. 
 
 SOLV I T U R acris hyems grata vice Veris, &Favom, 
 Trahuntque ficcas machinae carinas ; 
 Ac neque jam ftabulis gaudet pecus, aut arator igni ; 
 
 Nee prata canis albicant pruinis. 
 Jam Cytherea chores ducit Venus, imminente Luna, 
 
 Jun&aeque Nymphis Gratiae decentes 6 
 
 Alterno terram quatiunt pede, dum graves Cyclopum 
 Vulcanus ardens urit officinas. 
 
 Nunc 
 
 Although the Subject of this Ode be very common, yet 
 there is nothing common in the Manner, in which Horace 
 hath treated it. A certain Gaiety of Spirit, under an Air 
 of Serioufnefs, forms its peculiar Character. Even the 
 View of Death at the End of it, is a ftrong, Epicurean 
 Reafon for living as chearfully as we can. By the Defcrip-* 
 tions of Flowers, Groves, and the Feftivals of Venus, Fau- 
 nas, and Death, which were celebrated in Spring, the Ode 
 Appears to have been written in the Beginning of April, 
 but in what Year is uncertain. It is the only one of this 
 Form remaining to us. DAC. SAN. 
 
 Verf. z. Trahuntque Jtccas."] This Line has an unufual 
 Hardnefs of Expreffion, nor indeed is the Image very agree- 
 able to the joyous Company of Venus, Zephyrs, Nymphs, 
 and Graces. However, we know by it, that the Antients 
 ofed to draw their Ships on Shore during Winter, SAN. 
 5. Jam Cytherea cboros.] The Poet here defcribes the 
 Feafts of Venus, which were celebrated by young Women 
 with Dances and Hymns in Honour of the Goddefs. They 
 began on the firft of April, at the Rifmg of the Moon, im- 
 minente luna, and continued three Nights fucceffively. An 
 nknown, ancient Author has thus defcribed them, 
 Jam tribus chores viderfs 
 
 Feriatos noftibus 
 Congreges inter caterwas 
 
 Ire perfaltus tuos, 
 F/oreas inter coronas, 
 
 Myrttas inter ca/as, SAN. 
 
 Full
 
 
 ODE IV. 70 SESTIUS. 
 
 NOW Winter melts in vernal Gales, 
 And grateful Zephyrs fill the fpreacling Saife y 
 No more the Plowman loves his Fire, 
 No more the lowing Herds their Stalls defire, 
 
 While Earth her richeft Verdure yields, 
 Nor hoary Frofts now whiten o'er the Fields. 
 Now joyous through the verdant Meads, 
 Beneath the riling Moon, fair Yen us leads 
 Her various Dance, and with her Train 
 Of Nymphs and modeft Graces treads the Plain, 
 
 While Vulcan's glowing Breath inipires 
 The toilfome Forge, and blows up all its Fires. 
 
 Now 
 
 Full three Nights, in joyous Vein, 
 
 Might you fee the choral Train, 
 
 Hand in Hand pronarcuous rove 
 
 Through thy Love devoted Grove, 
 
 Crown'd with rofy-breathing Flowers, 
 
 Under Myrtle-woven Bowers. D 
 
 6. Gratice decentes.~\ The Graces were the moft amiable 
 Divinities of the Heathen Mythology, and the Source of all 
 that is pleafing in Nature. The Poet calls them decentes for 
 that Modefty and Referve, with which they behaved them- 
 felves in theie Aflemblies. SAX. 
 
 The Nymphs are thus numbered by the Author already 
 quoted : 
 
 Rurii fjic erunt }ue!l<r t 
 Et pucllrr fontium, 
 
 ft/was, qurtque lucos t 
 monies incolunt. 
 
 Here (hall meet the blooming Maids 
 
 Of the Valleys and the Glades; 
 
 And the Nymphs, who haunt the Fountains, 
 
 And the Forefts, and the Mountains. D.
 
 30 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i, 
 Nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto, 
 " Aut flore, terrae quern ferunt folutae. 10 
 
 Nunc & in umbrofis Faurto decet immolare lucis, 
 
 Seu pofcat agna> five malit hoedo. 
 Pallida mors aequo pulfat pede pauperurn taberriasi 
 
 Regumque turres. O beate Sefti, 
 Vita; fumma brevis fperh nos vetat inchoare longam. 15 
 
 Jam te premet nox, fabulaeque Manes, 
 Et domus exilis Plutonia ; quo fimul mearis, 
 
 Nee regna vini fortiere tails, 
 Nee tenerum Lycidam mirabere, quo calet juventus 
 
 Nune omnis, & mox virgines tepebunt. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 7. Graves ojpdnas^ We have here a very pretty Oppo- 
 litibn between the Characters of Venus and Vulcan ; the 
 gay Delights of the Wife, and the laborious Employment of 
 the Huffeand -, who is here defcribed working in Spring, that 
 He might forge Thunder-bolts enough for Jupiter to throw 
 in Summen RODELLIUS. DAC. 
 
 9. Nunc decet.'] Thefe two Verfes continue the Defcrip- 
 tion of the Feafts of Venus ; for Flowers, and particularly 
 Myrtle, were confecrated to that Goddefs. 
 
 Cras Amorum copulatrix 
 Inter umbras arborum 
 Implicat cafas *virentts 
 
 E flagello tnyrteo. 
 Ipfa Nympbas Diva lucos 
 
 JuJJit ire myrteos. SAH. 
 
 Lo ! the Queen of pleafing Pains 
 Linking Loves in mutual Chains, 
 Wreathes, the Myrtle Bowers between, 
 Cottages of living Green, 
 And commands her Virgins gay 
 Through the mazy Groves to ftray. D. 
 
 II. Nunc &f in umbrofts.] The Feafts of Faunus were ce- 
 lebrated the eleventh, thirteenth, and fifteenth of February, 
 when the Cattle were turned out of their Winter-Stables, 
 and Sacrifices were offered to this God for their Preferva- 
 ti a- DAC. 
 
 13. 

 
 Od. 4. THE O>ES OF HORACE. 3* 
 
 Now crown'd with Myrtle, or the Flowers, 
 Which the glad Earth from her free Bofom pours, 
 
 We'll offer, in the fliady Grove, 
 Or Lamb, or Kid, as Pan (hall beft approve* 
 
 With equal Pace$ impartial Fate 
 Knocks -at the Palace, as the Cottage- Gate, 
 
 Nor fhould our Sum of Life extend 
 Our growing Hopes beyond their deftin'd End.' 
 
 When funk to Pluto's fhadowy Coafts, 
 Opprefs'd with Darknefs, and the fabled Ghofts, 
 
 No more the Dice mail there aflign 
 To thee, the jovial Monarchy of Wine. 
 
 No more (hall you the Fair admire, 
 7'he Virgin's Envy, and the Youth's Deflre. 
 
 ODE 
 
 i 3. Pallida mors.~\ This Defcription of Death, immediate- 
 ly after the Gaiety of the Spring, and the Feafts of Pan, 
 may feem, at firlt View, a little too ferious, if not unnatu- 
 ral ; yet ic will appear perfectly beautiful and eafy, when we 
 confider, that the mortuary Feftivals, in which Sacrifices 
 were offered to Death, were celebrated immediately after 
 thofe of Pan. They continued five Days, and are men- 
 tioned here by the I'oet, to convince us, in Epicurean Spi- 
 rit, that the near Approach of Death ought to engage us 
 to purfue the Pleafures of Life. As, in the Roman Calen- 
 der, the Mortuary Feftival followed the Feafts of Faunus, 
 fo fhall Death our Days of Mirth. DAC. 
 
 15. fitfefumma brews.] A Metaphor taken from Num- 
 bers. Let us reckon the Moments, Hours, Days, Months, 
 and Years of Life, and how inconfiderable is the Sum to- 
 tal ? DAC. 
 
 1 8. Nee rtgna 'vini.'] The Reader may find a large Ac- 
 count of the Cuftoms obferved by the Romans at their En- 
 tertainments, in the Notes on the feventh Ode of the fe- 
 cond Book.
 
 (3*) 
 
 CARMEN V. ^/PYRRHAM. 
 
 QUIS multa gracilis te puer in rofd 
 Perfufus liquid is urget odoribus 
 Grato, Pyrrha, fub antro ? 
 
 Cui flavam religas comam, 
 
 Simplex munditiis ? Heu, quoties fidem 5 
 
 Mutatofque Deos flebit, & afpera 
 Nigris aequora ventis 
 
 Emirabitur infolens, 
 Qui nunc te fruitur credulus aurea; 
 Qui femper vacuam, Temper amabilem 10 
 
 Sperat, nefcius aurae 
 Fallacis ! miferi, quibus 
 
 Intentata 
 
 In the two firft Editions of this Work, the Translation of 
 this Ode was taken from Milton. The Merit of it hath 
 been much difputed ; but furely Milton only could pre- 
 ferve the Spirit of Horace in almofl a verbal Tranflation. 
 The Defign of this Work does not require fo much Exact - 
 nefs, becaufe the Notes may explain the Difficulties, or 
 more largely endeavour to exprefs the Beauties of the Ori- 
 ginal, where the Tranflation fails. 
 
 Thefe little Odes are better Proofs of the Manner and 
 Genius of our Author, than thofe, which have a real 
 Greatnefs in the oubjeft, capable of raifmg the Soul of a 
 Poet. There is in this Ode only one Thought, and that 
 extremely fimple and natural ; yet the Expreffions are fo 
 beautiful, and the Words fo happily chofen, that we may 
 be bold to fay there is not a more finilhed Piece among his 
 Works. DAC. 
 
 Ver. i. PtterJ] The Romans ufed this Word, without 
 regard to any particular Age. It was only a Word of 
 of Tendernefs, as in Virgil, Ne pueri ! ne tanta animis /- 
 eftitt bell*, where he fpeaks of Csefar and Pompey. DAC, 
 
 12. Miferi
 
 ( 33 ) 
 
 ODE V. To PYRRHA. 
 
 WHILE liquid Odours round him breathe, 
 What Youth, the rofy Bower beneath, 
 Now courts thee to be kind ? 
 Pyrrha, for whofe unwary Heart 
 Do you, thus dreft with carelefs Art, 
 Your yellow Trefles bind ? 
 
 How often fhall th' unpraftis'd Youth 
 Of alter'd Gods, and injur'd Truth 
 
 With Tears, alas ! -complain ? 
 How foon behold with wondering Eyes 
 The blackning Winds tempeftuous rife, 
 
 And fcowl along the Main ? 
 
 While by his eafy Faith betray'd, 
 He now enjoys thee, golden Maid, 
 
 Thus amiable and kind ; 
 He fondly hopes that you fhall prove 
 Thus ever vacant to his Love, 
 
 Nor heeds the faithlefs Wind. 
 
 Unhappy 
 
 1 2. Miferi quibus intentata m'fes.] This Paflage muft be ex- 
 plained in View to the Metaphor, which Horace continues 
 to the End of the Ode, and nitere is to be applied squally 
 to the Beauty of Pyrrha, and to the Ocean. DAC 
 
 VOL. I. D
 
 34 Q^HORATII FtAcci CARMINUM Lib.i. 
 Intentata nites. Me tabula facer 
 Votiva paries indicat uvida 
 
 Sufpendifle potent! 15 
 
 Veftimenta maris Deo. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 13. Me tabula facer.'] When the Poet tells us, that he 
 was ftiipwrecked in his Paflion for Pyrrha, he alludes to a 
 Cuftom among the Romans of offering fome votive Tablet 
 or Picture to the God, by whofe Power they thought jhem- 
 felves preferred. In thefe Pi&ures the Storm, and Circum- 
 ftances of their Efcape, were reprefented ; and ruined Ma- 
 riners frequently carried them to excite Compaflion and 
 Charity, at the fame time defcribing in Songs the Particu- 
 lars of their Story. TORR. 
 15. Potenti Deo.] Powerful to fave. Tranflated by Mil- 
 ton, thcyfrrs God of Sea.
 
 Od. V. THE ODES OF HORACE. 35 
 
 Unhappy They, to whom, untry'd, 
 You fhine, alas ! in Beauty's Pride ; 
 
 While I, now fafe on Shore, 
 Will confecrate the pi&ur'd Storm, 
 And all my grateful Vows perform 
 
 To Neptune's faving Power. 
 
 D 2 ODE
 
 CARMEN VI. Ad MARCUM VIPSANIUM 
 AGRIPPAM. 
 
 OCRIBERIS Vario fortis & hoftium 
 
 O Vi&or, Maeonii carminis alite, 
 
 Quam rem cumque ferox navibus, aut equis '. 
 
 Miles te duce gefTerit. 
 
 Nos, Agrippa, neque haec dicere, nee gravem 5 
 
 Pelidae flomachum cedere nefcii, 
 Nee curfus duplicis per mare Ulyflei', 
 
 NecfaevamPelopis domum 
 
 Conamur, 
 
 Agrippa probably had reproached our Poet for never men- 
 tioning him in his Verfes, and his Excufes are made in fuch a 
 manner, as to become a bold and delicate Flattery. Mr. 
 Sanadon thinks, that he defigned to juftify his Silence with 
 regard to other great Men, who had diftinguifhed themfelves 
 in the late Wars ; that O&avius is only named, as if, through 
 profound Refpeft, he only dared to name him ; that we have 
 but the Out-L'ines of Agrippa's Character, for it demands 
 nothing lefs than a fecond Homer to paint him in his full 
 Dignity ; that the other Generals are reprefented, as it were, 
 in a Groupe, under allegorical Perfonages, chofen among 
 the Heroes of the Trojan War ; and that except we view 
 the Ode in this Light, it will appear a confufed Medley of 
 Praifes, without Coherence or Beauty. Thus the Panegyric 
 of Agrippa is followed by that of Achilles and Ulylies ; 
 next is reprefented the Ruin of the Houfe of Pelops : O&a- 
 vius then makes his Appearance : Agrippa returns a fecond 
 Time, and Mars, Merion and Diomed clofe the military 
 Proceffion. Allegory alone, fays this ingenious Critic, can 
 colled into one Point of View fo many different and diftant 
 Parts. However, we mall find, that he has pufhed his alle- 
 gorical Scheme a little too far, and that it is not necefiary to 
 hazard all his Conjectures, and Applications of Hiftory. 
 
 Oftavius having fhut the Temple of Janus, and triumphed 
 three Days, received divine Honours by a Decree of the 
 Senate, from whence we may fix the Date of this Ode in 
 the Year 725. 
 
 Verf,
 
 ( 37 ) 
 ODE VI. To AGRIPPA. 
 
 VARIUS, who foars with Homer's Wing, 
 Shall brave Agrippa's Conquefts fmg, 
 Whate'er, infpir'd by his Command, 
 The Soldier dar'd on Sea or Land. 
 But we nor tempt with feeble Art 
 Achilles' unrelenting Heart, 
 Nor fage Ulyfles in our Lays 
 Purfues his wandring through the Seas, 
 Nor ours in Tragic Strains to tell 
 How Pelops' cruel Offspring fell. 
 
 The 
 
 Verf. 2. M<eonii carmlnis alite.'] Poets were "frequently 
 compared to Swans, from their being facred to Apollo, and 
 from a vulgar Errour of their fmging. Horace often ufes 
 the Companfon. Multa Dlrc&um levat aura cycnum. Album 
 mutor in alite,n. It may be worth obferving, that the learned 
 and ingenious Dr. Atterbury reads temulo. 
 
 3. Na--uil>xs.~] Agrippa gained the Viftory in two Sea- 
 fights. The firft ngainft Pompey's Lieutenants, the fecond 
 agamfl Pompey himletf, befides the Share he had in the Bat- 
 tle of A&ium. 
 
 6. Fetidse.] Afinius Pollio, according to Mr. Sanadon's 
 Allegory, is reprefented under the Perfon of the inexorable 
 Achilles. He had rendered himfelf formidable to Oftavius, 
 by ftcrnly refufmg to join with him in the 'Civil Wars, and 
 by that Refufal had probably fufpended the Fate of Antony 
 The Reader may find his Charafter in the Notes on the 
 fifteenth Ode of this Book, and in the firft Ode of the fecond 
 
 7- Dap/ids.] This Epithet has been ufually underftood, as 
 if Horace defigned to exprefs the TO^'T^K* and ^^^ ia 
 Homer s Character of Ulyfles, which Words, according to 
 Mr. Sanadon, fignify a Man who hath proved a Variety of 
 Adventures. %/ verfatus eji per multiplicem dffimilemque 
 Fonunam. But duplex will hardly bear the Interpretation 
 D 3
 
 38 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Conamur, tenues grandia : dum pudor, 
 
 Imbellifque lyrae Mufa potens vetat 10 
 
 Laudes egregii Caefaris, & tuas 
 
 Culpa deterere ingeni. 
 Quis Martem tunica te&um adamantina 
 Digne fcripferit ? aut pulvere Troico 
 Nigrum Merionen ? aut ope PaUadis 15 
 
 Tydiden fuperis parem ? 
 Nos convivia, nos przelia virginum 
 Se&is injuvenesunguibus acrium 
 Cantamus, vacui, five quid urimur, 
 
 Non prseter folitum leves. 2,0 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 'Job/us orfallax ; nor have the Latin Authors ever ufed it in 
 that Senfe. Duplex pro dolofo non <videtur fatis Laiinum Vo s - 
 sius. Perhaps the Poet intended his appearing through the 
 whole Odyfiey in two Charaders ; or, if the Expreflion may 
 be allowed, in a double Charafter, fuch as a Prince and a 
 Beggar, &c. 
 
 Mr. Sanadon, in Support of his allegorical Scheme, ap- 
 plies duplids UMTa to Agrippa and Mefiala, who had com- 
 manded the Fleets of Odtavius in the Wars of Sicily and 
 Adium. But, although we mould allow duplex UlyJJes to 
 fignify two Ulyfles, Agrippa feems to be, not without Con- 
 fuiion, introduced in an allegorical Character, when the 
 Poet fpeaks to him perfonally in the fame Strophe. 
 
 8. Pelopis domum^ Ancient dramatic Writers were much 
 obliged to the Family of Pelops for the many Fables, with 
 which it fupplied them ; but Horace particularly feems to 
 mean the Tragedy of Thyeftes written by Varius, which 
 Quintilian fays, might be compared to any of the Grecian 
 Stage. In the firft Strophe Varins is called the Rival of 
 Homer, in the fecond he alone is reprefented capable of 
 defcribing the Anger of Achilles, or the wandering of 
 Ulyffes, in Proof of this Rivalihip, and of his Succels in 
 Epic Poetry. Thus far Mr. Sanadon's Allegory feems un-; 
 neceflary, by which he hazardously applies the criminal 
 Paffion of Jigyfthus and Clytemneftra to the Story of Antony 
 and Cleopatra. 
 
 1 1 . 'Egregii Crt/aris.] Egregious was a Word always ufed
 
 Od. 6. THE ODES OF HORACE. 39 
 
 The Mufe, who rules the peaceful Lyre, 
 
 Forbids me boldly to afpire 
 
 To thine or facred Caefar's Fame, 
 
 And hurt with feeble Song the Theme. 
 
 Who can defcribe the God of Fight 
 
 In Adamantine Armour bright, 
 
 Or Merion on the Trojan Shore 
 
 With Duft, how glorious ! cover'd o'er, 
 
 Or Diomed, by Pallas' Aid, 
 
 To warring Gods an Equal made ? 
 
 But whether loving, whether free, 
 With all our ufual Levity, 
 Untaught to raife the martial String, 
 Of Feafts, and Virgin Fights we fmg ; 
 Of Maids, who when bold Love aflails, 
 Fierce in their Anger pare their Nails. 
 
 ODE 
 
 in a religious Senfe, and applied to Things fet apart and 
 confecrated to the Gods ; from thence the Title was given to 
 Kings, as if they were in a peculiar manner the Favourites 
 of Heaven. j\ 
 
 i $. Mortem."] Mr. Sanadon believes that the three Perfons! 
 dengned here under the Characters of Mars, Merion and 
 Diomed, are Statilius Taurus, Marcus Titius, and Maecenas. 
 But the Poet, by comparing Statilius Taurus to the God of 
 War, has given him fuch a Superiority, as muft have been 
 equally difagreeable and injurious both to Maecenas and 
 Agrrppa. Horace might better have proportioned his poetical 
 Flattery, by acknowledging the Divinity of A uguftusTtha 
 ieCfcir! r mg the milkar y Glo5 T of Agrippa under 
 
 of Wifdom, by comparing him To" DiomedTanlJuluven 
 to the Gods by the Favour of Minerva. Thus the Seeory 
 appears juit, and is well maintained. megory 
 
 A I 8 ' Jff ? ;V">r"-] While the Poet, with his ufual Mo- 
 defty diiclaims the warlike Mufe, yet he pleafantly alludes 
 to the Actions of Heroes in the Virgin-Battles, which he 
 
 sr in ** 
 
 fcratch her Lover too feverelv 
 
 CRUO. 
 D 4
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 n4jWrt^w -A. '- " 
 
 . : .!<f-..l,ifo!w njrf hnA 
 CARMEN VII. ^MUNATIITM PLA-NCO^/ 
 
 LAudabunt alii claram Rhodon, aut Mitylenen, 
 Aut Ephefum, bimarifve Corinthi 
 Mcenia, vel Baccho Thebas, vel Apolline Delphos, 
 
 Infignes, aut Theflala Tempe. 
 
 Sunt, quibus unum opus eft inta&ae Palladis arceS 5 
 Carmine perpetuo celebrare, & 
 
 Undique 
 
 Tranflated by Dr. DUN KIN. 
 
 This Ode is properly only a Fragment, and Mr. Dacier 
 fufpefted with Reason, that it wanted fome Lines to render 
 it perfeft. After a long and pompous Defcription of all the 
 fineft Cities and Countries of Greece, we could little expect 
 to fee the Poet give the Preference to his Seat at Tibur, in a 
 light imperfeft Defcription of three Lines ; or that he mould 
 leave his Subjeft at once, when really he was only beginning 
 it. The antient Grammarians, fenfible of this Defect, have 
 very unhappily endeavoured to find a Remedy for it, by join- 
 ing, to this Fragment, another Ode. Albus ut obfcuro, C5V. 
 merely becaufe Tibur is mentioned in it, and the Meafures 
 are the fame. 
 
 In the firft Ode, the Poet prefers a Village of Italy to all 
 the Countries of Greece, and it was probably written in 
 Gratitude to Maecenas, who had given him a Piece of Land 
 there. In the fecond he writes to a Friend, who was under 
 Apprehenfion of fome public Difgrace, which he advifes 
 
 him
 
 ODE VII. To MUNATIUS PLANCUS. 
 
 LET other Poets, in harmonious I/ays, 
 Immortal Rhodes or Mitylene praife, 
 Or Ephefus, or Corinth's towery Pride, 
 Girt by the rolling Main on either Side ; 
 Or Thebes or Delphos, for their Gods renown'd, 
 Or Tempe's Plains with flowery Honours crown'd. 
 
 There are, who fmg in everlafting Strains 
 The Towers, where Wifdom's Virgin-Goddefs reigns, 
 
 And 
 
 him to bear with a true Epicurean Spirit. There are fome 
 very antient Manufcripts which divide them, with this Title 
 to the fecond, Exhort atio ad bene vi^vendum ad Plancum ; be- 
 fides, by uniting them, there will be fome Repetitions, 
 which are not ufual to Horace. Perpetuo carmine and perpetuo, 
 uda pomaria and uda tempora, SAN. 
 
 5. Palladis arces.'] This Reading, inftead of urlem, is au- 
 thorifed by an excellent Manufcript at Oxford, befides fe- 
 veral others confulted by Lambinus. The Exprefiion is in 
 itfelf perfectly j uft ; for although there were many Deities 
 worfhipped at Athens, yet the Citadel was folely under the 
 Protection of Minerva. Urbent colantes Deos, pftejidemquear- 
 cisMinervam. Liv. L. 31. .30. SAN. 
 
 We may add to this Criticifm, that almoft all Citadels were 
 facred to this Goddefs, according to Catullus, Diva tenens 
 infemmis urbibus arces. Euftathius makes the fame Remark 
 upon a Line of Homer, which fays, that Minerva's Temple 
 was in the Trojan Citadel.
 
 42 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Undique decerptam front! praeponere olivam. 
 
 Plurimus in Junonis honorem 
 Aptum dicit equis Argos, ditefque Mycenas. 
 
 Me nee tam patiens Lacedaemon, ! 
 
 Nee tam Lariflae percuflit campus opimae, 
 
 Quam domus Albuneae refonantis, 
 Et prseceps Anio, & Tiburni lucus, & uda 
 
 Mobilibus ; pomaria rivis. 
 
 k ,, ^'-ti.r/v.i "o ,'iL^r 
 
 Albus 
 
 7. Undique tfec'et'ptatnfronlipr<rporicre olivam.'] This Read- 
 ipg is found in all antient Manufcripts and Impreflions, until 
 the Time of Erafmus, who, on his own fingle Authority, 
 Ventured to alter the Text. The Senfe of Horace is, that 
 the Poets, who wrote in Praife of Minerva, endeavoured to 
 gain the poetical Crown of Olive, even on a Subjedl, which 
 every Writer had attempted. Ex argumento undiquaque *- 
 haufo coronam Jibi poeticam quvrere. Nor is this Expreffion, 
 praponere olwamfronti, either hard or uncommon. Horace 
 himfelf fays in the fame Senfe, pr^texere frondes ; and Lu- 
 cretius, Injjgntrnque meo c apiti pet ere inde coronam ^ tSc. BENT. 
 
 Befides, Poets had different Crowns, according to the dif- 
 ferent Subjecls, on which they wrote. A Crown of Olive 
 was particularly given to thofe, who wrote in Honour of 
 Pallas, or the Citadel of Athens. 
 
 10. Patiens Laced<cmonl\ The Poet gives this Epithet to 
 Lacedsemon for the Severity of her Laws and Difcipline. 
 Thus Petronius pleafantly fays, Et egu qaidem tresplagas Spar- 
 tana nobilitate concoxi ; and Plautus, Laconas imi fubjellii virus 
 Plagipatidas . 
 
 i\. Percujfit.'] The Antients exprefled the Aftions and 
 Effefts of ourPaffions by Words, which fignified ftriking, as 
 percutere, ferire, and modern Language* have many Expref- 
 fion s of the fame kind. DAC. 
 
 12. uatn domus Albunete.] The Source of Rivers and 
 Fountains was properly the Houfe of the Divinity, who pre- 
 flded there. Befides, the Towns and Hoafes, that had the 
 fame Name as the Rivers ot Fountains, on which they were 
 
 fituated,
 
 Od. 7. THE ODES OF HORACE. 43 
 
 And ceafelefs toiling court the trite Reward 
 
 Of Olive, pi uck'd by every vulgar Bard. 
 
 For Juno's Fame, th' urmumberM, tuneful Throng 
 
 With rich Mycenas grace their favourite Song, 
 
 And Argos boaft, of pregnant Glebe to feed 
 
 The warlike Horfe, and animate the Breed : 
 
 But me, nor patient Lacedaemon charms, 
 
 Nor fair Lariffa with fuch Tranfport warms, 
 
 As pure Albunea's far-refounding Source, 
 
 And rapid Anio, headlong in his Courfe, 
 
 Or Tibur, fenc'd by Groves from folar Beams, 
 
 And fruitful Orchats bath'd by ductile Streams. 
 
 ******** 
 
 ******** 
 
 As 
 
 fituated, were called by the Antients, The Houfes of the Ri- 
 vers, Thus Horace calls his Houfe at Tibur, The Houfe of 
 Allunea, from its Situation near that Fountain. Thefe Re- 
 marks may make us underftand a Line in Virgil, which has 
 given much Trouble to the Interpreters. The River Tiber 
 fays of Rome, 
 
 Hie mibi magna damns celjls caput urbibus exit. 
 
 I will have an Houfe here, which /hall be the Capital of the 
 World. DAC. 
 
 The Lake of Albunea is much vifited for the fmall Ifiands, 
 that float on its Surface. The fame Sort of fulphureous 
 Concretions, that form thefe little Iflands, add from Time 
 to Time to the folid Concretions on the Sides ; fo that but a 
 fmall Part of the Lake appears at prefent, and probably in 
 Time it will be wholly hid. A great Way round it, the 
 Earth founds hollow under your Feet, which fliews, that 
 you tread only on the Cruft, that covers the Lake. This is 
 probably what Horace alludes to, in calling it Domus Al- 
 Duneterefonantis. Had it been fpoken of a running Stream, 
 refonantis might have had another Senfe, but as it is faid of 
 a ftill Lake, I think it can be accounted for no other Way 
 than this, and this accounts for it very ftrongly and fully. 
 Mr. SPENCE'S Polymetis. 
 
 6
 
 44 Q., HOR-ATH FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Albus ut obfcuro deterget nubila coelo 15 
 
 Saepe notus ; neque parturit imbres 
 Perpetuo ; fie tu fapiens finire memento 
 
 Triftitiam, vitseque labores 
 Molli, Plance, mero j feu te fulgentia fignis 
 
 Caftra terient : feu denfa tenebit 2 
 
 Tiburis umbra tui. Teucer Salamina patremque 
 
 Quum fugeret, tamen uda Lyaco 
 Tempora populea fertur vinxuTe corona, 
 
 Sic trifles affatus amicos. 
 Quo nos cumque feret melior fortuna parente, 25 
 
 Ibimas, 6 focii, comitefque : 
 
 Nil 
 
 l h *1 Ut ^ curo '} The fect >nd Ode, which begins here, 
 is addreffed to Munatius Plancus, who from his natural In- 
 conftancy, and having, in an unhandfome Manner, quitted 
 arty of Antony, was very juflly fufpefted by Auguftus, 
 nor ftras employed by him in the Battle of Adium. In this 
 Apprenenfion of Difgrace, the Poet advifes him to allay his 
 Anxiety with the Chearfulnefs of Wine. 
 
 The Phtfofophy of Epicurus in the Hand of Horace is an 
 1 Remedy, J t fortifies the Mind in Difgrace it dif 
 
 the Pams of Sicknefs, and the Terrors of Death. 
 
 Greek 'r ^A^r^' ^ Sou ^-South-Eaft Wind. The 
 -ailed th W,n^ ,.,..^ and ^ Ladns ^^ be _ 
 
 without Clouds. The 
 
 s, fo 
 
 K^'vT'"" "" ~ iie ' He a S ain ul 
 Ude to Valgms upon a HkeOccafion. v, AN 
 
 magnq
 
 Od. 7. THE ODES OF HORACE. - - , 45 
 
 As Notus often, when the Welkin lowers, 
 Sweeps off the Clouds, nor teems perpetual Showers^ 
 So let thy Wifdom, free from anxious Strife,. j^kfrnA 
 In mellow Wine diflblve the Cares of Life, . >r ,,;j Q 
 Whether the Camp with Banners bright difplay'd, . 
 Or Tibur holds thee in its thick-wrought Shade. ...3 - 
 
 When Teucer from his Sire and Country fled, 
 With Poplar Wreaths the Hero crown'd his Head, 
 Reeking with Wine, and thus his Friends addrefs'd, ' 
 Deep Sorrow brooding in each anxious Breaft j 
 Bold let us follow through the foamy Tides, 
 Where Fortune, better than a Father, guides j 
 
 A vaunt 
 
 magno conglario donatus a Ceffare, nee leatus, nee bene hiftruc* 
 tus eft. He was a Man of great Abilities, and had enjoyed 
 all the Triumphs, Honours and Employments in the Re- 
 public : yet his moral Character is infamous and odious. Af- 
 ter the Death of Casfar, he followed the Caufe of Liberty 
 and Brutus. He afterwards engaged himielf, more than 
 once, both to Oftavius and Antony. And when he lafl 
 quitted the Party of Antony, he fpoke of him in the Senate 
 with fo much Cruelty, that Coponius, with an honeft In- 
 dignation, Multa me here ule fee it Antonius pridie quam tu Ilium 
 relinqueres. I dare fay, that Anthony did many villainous, 
 infamous Things the Day before you left him/ SAN. 
 
 Seu te fulgentia JtgnisJ] By thefe Words it appears, that 
 Plancus was not yet determined, whether he fhould follow 
 Auguftus, or retire to his Country- Seat: and as we do not 
 find his Name among the Commanders at the Battle of Ac- 
 tium, it is probable he was left in Italy. SAN. 
 
 23. 'TemporapopuledJ] As Horace feems to be the Inventor 
 of this little Piece of Hiftory, he might name the Poplar in- 
 differently for any Tree, fince in their Feafts the Antients 
 formed their Crowns of the firft Branches they found. But 
 perhaps the Poet names the Poplar particularly, becaufe they, 
 who facrificed to Bacchus, and celebrated the Bacchanalia, 
 were ufually crowned with Leaves of that Tree. DAC.
 
 46 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Nil defperandum Teucro duce, & aufpice Teucro ; 
 
 Certus enim promifit Apollo 
 Ambiguam tellure nova Salamina futuram. 
 
 O fortes pejoraque paffi 30 
 
 Mecum fepe viri, nunc vino pellite curas : 
 
 Cras ingens iterabimus aequor. 
 
 CAR- 
 
 27. Aufpice Teucro.'] Although the Greeks confulted the 
 Flight of Birds, yet they did not ufe their Aufpicia in the Ro- 
 man Manner. Teucer fpeaks here according to the Cuftorn 
 of the Romans, who never undertook any confiderable De- 
 fign without confulting the Gods. DAC. 
 
 Dodtor Bently affirms that the Latins never fay Aufpice 
 ilia* Au/pice C&fare, and that the Word Aufpex is always ap- 
 plied to a God. He therefore boldly alters the Text, and 
 reads Aufpice Phaebo. Mr. Cuningham, with an equal Spi- 
 rit of Critkifm, and equally againft the Faith of Manu- 
 feripts, changes Aufpice for Qbfide, which indeed feems to 
 have bsenthc Reading of the Scholiaft, who renders itSpon- 
 fire. Mr. Sanadon follows Mr. Cuningham, and gives him 
 abundant Honour for the Correction ; yet in his Preface he 
 acknowledges that Mr. Dacier has well proved againft Doc- 
 tor Bentley (and indeed againft his own Notes upon this 
 Ode) that the Latins have applied Aufpex to a Perfon, who 
 might be neither God nor Augur, as in this Inftance, where 
 Ovid fpeaks to Germanicus Casfar, 
 
 Aufpice te fdix totus ut eat annus, 
 
 Yet he afferts, that they never apply Dux and Aufpex to the 
 fame Perfon, m the fame Action. But this is little better 
 than trifling. 
 
 29. Ambiguam.'} Which mall be fo like the Salamis 
 we have left, in Glory and Grandeur, that it {hall be diffi- 
 cult to diftinguifh them. Thus in another Place, Solutls 
 crivibus, cunbigiioque i:iiltu. Teucer afterwards built the City 
 Salamis in Cyprus. SAW.
 
 Od. 7. THE ODES OF HORACE. 47 
 
 Avaunt Defpair, when Teucer calls toFame, 
 The fame your Augur, and your Guide the fame. 
 Another Salamis, in foreign Clime, 
 With rival Pride ftiall raife her Head fublime ; 
 So Phoebus nods ; ye Sons of Valour true, 
 Full often try'd in Deeds of deadlier Hue, 
 To-day with Wine drive every Care away, 
 To-morrow tempt again the boundlefs Sea. 
 
 ODI
 
 CARMEN VIII. 
 
 LY D I A, die, per omnes 
 Te Deos oro, Sybarin 
 Cur properas amando 
 
 Perdere ? cur apricum 
 Oderit campum, patiens 
 Pulveris atque folis ? 
 
 Cur neque militaris 
 
 Inter aequales equitat, 
 
 Gallica nee lupatis 
 
 Temperat 
 
 Some People, prejudiced in Favour of the Ufages wherein 
 they were educated, will certainly think, fays Mr. Sanadcn, 
 that I have made here an unpardonable Innovation. I have 
 broken the Diftichs, which compofe this Ode, and diftri- 
 feuted them into Strophes, in which the third Verfe is per- 
 fedlly equal to the firft ; Cur properas amando containing ex- 
 aclly the fame Number and the fame Quality of Meafures 
 with Lydia, die, per omnes. As to the fecond Verfe, I lhall 
 only quote this Example of Terentianus Maurus, fyllalam 
 fex poffe dari, which is in nothing different from te Deos oro 
 Sybarin. Horace and Terentianus have imitated the Grecian 
 Poets, Eupolis, Ariftophanes, and Euphorion, who have 
 left us many Pieces of this Form. Thus the Alteration is 
 authorifed by both Greek and Latin Poetry, whereas it is 
 impoffible to find an Inftance of any Ode like what is printed 
 in the common Editions. 
 
 The Defign of this Ode is not to reproach Sybaris with 
 Effeminacy, or his Love of Pleafure ; but it feems to be 
 written either in Refentment or Jealoufy with Regard to Ly- 
 dia, who kept him difguifed in a female Drefs. DAC. 
 
 Verf. 3. Amando. ,] May have a paflive Signification. By 
 
 being
 
 (49) 
 
 TELL me, Lydia, prithee tell, 
 Ah ! why, by loving him too well, 
 Why you haften to deftroy 
 Young Sybaris, too amorous Boy ? 
 
 Why does he hate the funny Plain, ,!f, ** 
 While he can Sun or Duft fuftain ? 
 
 Why no more, with martial Pride, 
 Amidft the youthful Battle ride, 
 
 And the Gallic Steed command 
 With bitted Curb and forming Hand ? 
 
 /\D More 
 
 Asm Virgil; Urltque -videndofamina. In-' 
 fiances of this Kind are frequent in the beft Authors, yet the 
 Antithefis is ftronger by taking amando in an aftive Senfe. She 
 aejiroys by loving him. 
 
 7. Cur neque m/itaru.'] The Poet here means the Mock- 
 hghts on Horfeback, which were brought from Troy to Italy 
 by Afcamus, and revived by Auguilus. froj* ludum edUit 
 Jrequentij^ime, majorum mmorumque puerorum deleftu, 
 
 * f ' J "/*^MP >I*C,I Uf It/ff. UKltCtUy PflJCl) tlC- 
 
 corique mcris exijtimans clar* Jlirph inJolemfic notefcere. Suet 
 de Auguf. 
 
 \. Gallica temper 
 
 DAC, 
 
 9. Gallica tempernt ora.] This Exprefiion is extremely bold 
 and requires the Word eqmrum to be underftood. The 
 Horfes-ofGaul were much efteemed by the Romans, arid 
 their Bits are here called lupata, a iupinis dentwus, oui in- 
 aqualesfunt, unds etiam eorummorfusvehementer obejl. CRUO^.
 
 5<> 0^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Temperat ora fraenis ? 10 
 
 Cur timet flavum Tiberim 
 
 Tangere ? Cur olivum 
 
 Sanguine viperino 
 Cautius vitat, neque jam 
 
 Livida geftat armis 15 
 
 Brachia, faspe difco, 
 Saepe trans finem jaculo 
 Nobilis expedite ? 
 
 Quid latct, ut marinae 
 
 Filium dicunt Thetidos 2t 
 
 Sub lacrymofa Trojae 
 
 Funera ; ne virilis 
 Cultus in caedem & Lycias 
 Proriperet catervas ? 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 ft. Tiberim tangere.~\ The Roman Youth threw themfelves 
 into the Tiber after their Exerciles in the Campus Martius, 
 and thought that fuch hardy Difcipline would ftrengthen 
 them to bear the Fatigues of War. ANCJENT SCHOL. 
 
 12. Cur olivum.'] When the Tarquins were expelled by 
 Brutus, their Lands between the Tiber and Rome were con- 
 fecrated to Mars, and called by his Name. Here the Ro- 
 man Citizens aflembled for their Eledion of Magiftrates ; 
 the Youth performed their Exercifes ; and young People of 
 both Sexes ufed to walk in an Evening. Catullus with great 
 Beauty, and Boldnefs of Expreffion, fays of himfelf Ego 
 Gymnajiifuifoi, fcf decus olei. 
 
 '5- Amis] Inftruments, which were proper for the Ex- 
 ercifes in the Campus Martius, fuch as Quoits, Javelins, &V. 
 are by the Poet called Arma. Thus Virgil calls Inftruments 
 of Husbandry by the fame Name. DAC. 
 
 Livida gejtat brachia] However fmgular this Expreffion 
 may feem, yet it means no more than gerere or habere brachia. 
 To have his Arms foiled and livid with the Weight of In- 
 ftruments ufed in their Exercifes. SAN. 
 
 1 6.
 
 Od. 8. THE ODES OF HORACE. 51 
 
 More than Viper's baleful Blood 
 Why does he fear the yellow Flood, 
 
 Why deteft the Wreftler's Oil, 
 While firm to bear the manly Toil ? 
 
 Where are now the livid Scars 
 Of fportive, nor inglorious, Wars, 
 
 When for the Quoit, with Vigour thrown 
 Beyond the Mark, his Fame was known ? 
 
 Tell us, why this fond Difguife, 
 In which like Thetis' Son he lies, 
 
 Ere unhappy Troy had fhed 
 Her funeral Sorrows for the Dead, 
 
 Left a manly Drefs fliould fire 
 His Soul to War, and Carnage dire. 
 
 ODE 
 
 \6.Difeo.~\ The Difcus was a kind of Quoit very large 
 and heavy, made of Wood or Stone, but more commonly of 
 Iron or Brafs. It was almoft round, and fomewhat thicker 
 in the Middle than at the Edges. It was thrown by the fole 
 Force of the Arm. SAN. 
 
 23. In c&dem & Lycias."] In c<tdem Lyciarum catervarum* 
 A Manner of fpeaking very ufual among the Poets, when 
 they divide in Exprefiion, what is united in Idea, Thus in 
 the firrt Ode, Otium S3 offit/i laudat rurafui, SAN. 
 
 E ^
 
 CARMEN IX. ^THALIARCHUM^ 
 
 VIDES ut alta ftet nive candidum 
 Soracte, nee jam fuftmeant pnus 
 Sylvse labor antes ,. geluque 
 Flumiiia conftiterint acuto. 
 
 DIflblve frigus, ligna fiiper foco ' 5^ 
 
 Large reponens j atque benigni.us . 
 Deprome quadrimum Sabina, 
 O Thaliarche, merum diota. 
 
 Permitte Divis caetera ; qui fimul 
 
 Stravere ventos aequore fervida 10 
 
 Deprzeli antes, nee cupreffi, 
 Necveteres agkantur orni. 
 
 Qind 
 
 Horace in this Ode fets forth all his Epicurean Philofophy, 
 an4 fo cqnflant is he to his Principles, that the different 
 Ages of Man, and the various Seafons of the Year ; the 
 Frejhnefs of Spring, and Heat of Summer ; the Ripenefs of 
 Autumn and Coldnels of Winter, have their feveral En- ' 
 gagemsnts to Pleafure. This Ode was probably written at a 
 Country-Seat of Thaliarchus near the Mountain Sorafte in. 
 Tufcany, fix and twenty Miles from Rome. DAC. 
 
 Verf. i. Stet ni^ve candidum.~\ Conjlet ni<ve as if the whole- 
 Mountain were an Heap of Snow. When Virgil fays, Stat 
 pul'vere c&lum, andjlanf lumina fiamma , He would reprefent 
 to us, A Sky of Duft, and Eyes of Fire. DAC. 
 
 6. Benignius deprome quadrimumJ] Mr. Dacier affirms very 
 confidently, that Horace, in Purity of Stile, mould have 
 written largius after large ; and although the Critic might be 
 contradifted by the Ufage of the belt Authors, yet Mr, 
 Cuningham, probably from this Affertion, has altered the 
 Text, and reads kenignior. Perhaps benignius fhould agree 
 with merum, and fignify Wine grown mellower with Age, and 
 kinder to the Toper. 
 
 9. Per-
 
 ODE IX. 70 THALIARCHUS. 
 
 BEHOLD Soracle's airy Height, 
 See how it ftands an Heap of Snow ; 
 Behold the Winter's hoary Weight 
 
 Opprefs the labouring Woods below j 
 And, by the Seafon's icy Hand 
 Congeal 'd, the lazy Rivers ftancL 
 
 Now melt away the Winter's Cold, 
 And larger pile the chearful Fire ; 
 Bring down the Vintage four-year-old, 
 v ^,. , Whofe mellow'd Heat can Mirth infpire; 
 Then to the Guardian Powers divine 
 Gsrelefr-lhe reft of Life refign : 
 
 For when the warring Winds arife, 
 
 And o'er the fervid Ocean fweep, 
 They fpeak and lo ! the Tempeft dies 
 On the fmooth Boforri of the Deep ; 
 Unfhaken ftands the aged Grove, 
 And feels the Providence of Jove. 
 
 To- 
 
 Q. Permiffe Divis cetera.] Some Commentators have fonrid 
 in thefe Lines an Air of Epicurean Ridicule upon the Doc- 
 trine of the Stoics, who ailerted a divine Providence even in 
 Events moil inconsiderable. They think the Poet has raifed 
 his Stile with an affected Pomp of Expreffion, to render his 
 Ridicule more- ftrong. That when the Gods have commanded 
 Jbe Raging of the Wind$ t* ceafe, all the ponderous Sfefi of 
 their Power fo all be, that tbeWoods jballftand unfiaken. On 
 the contrary, there feems to be fomething juft and noble in 
 the Thought, \vhentaken in amoral Senfe, and which might 
 naturally raifc this Greatnefs of Expreffion ; That when the 
 Gods have appeafed the Winds, not a Leaf fi all fall to the 
 Ground ; and e<ven Trees decayed an'dfapiefs <untk Age, Jhall 
 Jiaad unfljaken. Such is the Care and Power of Providence. 

 
 54 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. I. 
 
 Quid fit futurum eras, fuge quaerere ; & 
 Quern fors dierum cumque dabit, lucro 
 
 Appone j nee dukes amores 1 5 
 
 Sperne, puer, neque tu choreas, 
 
 Donee virenti canities abeft 
 Morofa. Nunc & campus, & areas, 
 Lenefque fub no&em fufurri 
 
 Compofita repetantur hora : 20 
 
 Nunc & latentis proditor intimo 
 Gratus puellae rifus ab angulo, 
 Pignufque dereptum lacertis, 
 Aut digito male pertinaci. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 15. dppone,'] Ponere and dpponere were Terms ufed in 
 Arithmetic by the Romans. DAC. 
 
 19. SufurriJ] This Word is formed from an Imitation of 
 the Sound in whifpering, as in Greek >|/$wpi{v, in Italian 
 Bijbiglio, in French Chucbeter, and in Englifh Whifyer. 
 
 21. Nunc.] Nunc in this Strophe muft refer to donee ; while 
 Thaliarchus was yet in the Vigour of Youth ; for thefe En- 
 tertainments were very little proper for the Seafon of the 
 Year, in which the Ode was written. SAN. 
 
 22. Gratus puellee rifus.] There is a beautiful Defcription 
 cf this Kind in Corn. Gallus, which may be the beft Note 
 upon Horace. 
 
 Erubult niultus ipfapuella meos ; 
 Et nunc fubridens latebras fugiti<vapetelat, 
 
 Non tamen effugiens tot a latere iiolens : 
 Sed magis ex aliqua cupiebat parte <videri t 
 
 Latior hoc multb quod male teftaforet. 
 
 At Sight of Me, deep-blum'd the lovely Maid, 
 
 Then fide-long laugh d, and flying fought the Shade j 
 
 The Shade me fought, yet luring in her Flight 
 
 Wou'd fain be loft not wholly to my Sight j 
 
 But rather wim'd to have fome Part reveal'd, 
 
 Nor meanly joy'd to lie fo ill-conceal'd. D.
 
 Od. 9. THE ODES OF HORACE. 55 
 
 To-morrow with its Cares defpife, 
 
 And make the prefent Hour your own, 
 Be fwift to catch it as it flies, 
 
 And fcore it up as clearly won ; 
 Nor let your Youth difdain to prove 
 The Joys of Dancing, and of Love. 
 
 Beneath the grateful Evening-Shade, 
 
 The public Walks, the public Park, 
 An Affignation fweetly made 
 
 With gentle Whifpers iii the Dark, 
 While Age morofe thy Vigour fpares, 
 Be thefe thy Pleafures, thefe thy Cares. 
 
 The Laugh, that from the Corner flies, 
 
 The fportive Fair-one mail betray ; "" " 
 
 Then boldly fnatch the joyful Prize ; 
 
 A Ring or Bracelet tear away, 
 While She, not too feverely coy, 
 Struggling mall yield the willing Toy. 
 
 4 Ooe
 
 (56) . 
 
 CARMEN X. ^/MERCURIUM 
 
 MERCURI, facunde nepos Atlantis,:' ' . 
 Qui feros cult.us hominum recentum * 
 Voce formafti catus, & d/scorse 1o ^. 
 
 More palceftrae : 
 
 Te canam magni Jovis, & Deorum 'notf 
 
 Nuntium, cufvzeque 'lyrae parentem j 
 CaUidum, quidquid placuit, jqcofo 
 Condei-6 'furto "' 
 
 '-"' 
 
 _ -.'' c 
 
 This Ode was probably written for a Feaft of^Terctv - 
 y nothi ! 
 
 y ?V ^ nothi !\S ^^dinaryin it, excepting an Elegance 
 of Expreffion , a Flowing and Harmony of NamJ>rs- We 
 
 ' a " 
 
 prfed f U " CS 7' s 
 
 prefented as fafhioniffg. the nrft Race of Men, and' cultivat- 
 
 ing their Underfandingvby the Study of Sciences moft pro. 
 Fod es bv F n f ^ tUral NW^ while h. forms their 
 Grace \ E clk , s >*' ^pable of giving Strength and 
 " ' ? Wer f Elo< l uen > & the fifed* of 
 
 Wreftlng 
 
 f the Antients have i 
 COndemns this Explication, and 
 oi - d ' which fignifies gating. 
 
 ercf 3 &#* ce calls the Cuft ms and Ex, 
 
 Peaks f Merau 7 as G od of the Pa- 
 
 Shell
 
 ,i.di.; (57) 3 5 
 
 . . 
 
 , ~ ( 
 
 ODE X. Hymn to MERCURY. 
 
 THOU God of Wit (from Atlas fpriing)., f 
 Who by perfuafive 1 Power, of Tongue, 
 
 A e i r- ' f r ,, 
 
 And graceful Lxercife renn d 
 
 fTi_ r -n ' r \_ ''' ' tr' "3 t&" 
 
 The favage Race of human Kind ; 
 
 Hail, winged Meflenger of Jove, , _ 
 
 And all th' immortal Powers above^ 
 
 Sweet Parent of the bending Lyre, 
 
 Thy Praife Ihall all its Sounds infpire. 
 
 Artful and cunning to conceal 
 Whate'er in fportive Theft you fteal ; 
 
 When 
 AA,:- 
 
 Shell of a Tortoife, and fitted Strings to it, he firft formed 
 an Idea of that Kind of Mufic. From hence Teftudo figni- 
 fied a Lyre, and Lyric Poets were particularly ftiled Virl 
 Mercuriale;, as living under the peculiar Protection of this 
 -Deity. SAN. 
 
 7. Jocofo condere furto.~] Mr. Dacier unluckily remarks, 
 that as Mercury was the God of Merchants, he became, 
 from thence, the God of Thieves. True it is, that the 
 Phoenicians, the greateft Merchants of the Heathen World, 
 were always remarkable for a Dexterity in Trade beyond 
 the Simplicity of fair Dealing. But that this Deity might 
 not be fatigued with Bufmefs, he was affifted by aGoddefs, 
 called Laverna, to whom Prayers were addreft for'Succefs in 
 Thefts and Cheating. 
 
 -^-Pulchra Laverna, 
 
 Da mlbl fallere , dajujlumfanftumque <vlderi. 
 
 l>o rj Beauteous Laverna, my Petition/hear, 
 iljw;. .Let me with Truth and San&ity appear ; 
 Oh! give me to deceive. .; jli 
 
 8. Condere. 'furtoj] This Character of Mercury, which feems 
 only a Matter of Diverfion, yet is beneficial to Mankind, 
 by teaching them a proper Vigilance in the Care of their 
 Goods, SAK. 
 
 _ .. ^;r:s ta < ...ii.-i^w ; ;:..> v.>- ; ,jovr,v I
 
 58 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Te, boves olim nifi reddidifles 
 
 Per dolum amotas, puerum minaci IO 
 
 Voce dum terret, viduus pharetra 
 
 Rifit Apollo. 
 
 Quin & Atridas, duce te, fuperbos 
 Ilio dives Priamus relicta, 
 Theffalofque ignes, & iniqua Trojae 15 
 
 Caftra fefellit. 
 
 Tu pias laetis animas reponis 
 Sedibus, virgaque levem coerces 
 Aurea turbam, fuperis Deorum 
 
 Gratus, & imis. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 9. Te loves.] Thefe Jnftances of innocent Theft, which 
 the Poet calls jocofum fur turn, were performed at different 
 Times, but by uniting them, he has given his Subjeft an 
 Air of Pleafantry and Vivacity, which extremely enlivens it. 
 
 SAN. 
 
 13. Quin &f 4tridas.~\ The Poet here prefents us a Scene 
 for War, which has a very agreeable Effecl after the Gaiety 
 of the firft Strophes. .To make the Oppofition more ftrong, 
 the Lines are raifed with a good deal of Pomp. SAN. 
 
 14. Ilio relitd.~\ The Latins ufe Ilium in the neuter, and 
 llios in the feminine Gender. Horace in another Ode fays, 
 Ilios vexata, where the Copyifts could not change the Ter- 
 mination of the Epithet, without altering the Meafure of 
 the Verfe, and were therefore obliged not to miftake. This 
 Corre&ion is taken from Mr. Cunningham, and it has been 
 received by Mr. Sanadon. 
 
 Diws Priamus.] There is a particular Beauty in this Epi- 
 thet, as it mews Priam going with all his Wealth to ranfom 
 the Body .of Heftor. DAC. 
 
 17. 1 u pias.'] The Ode could not end more happily, than 
 by mewing Mercury in his religious Miniftry. This God 
 feems to have been particularly invented for the Happinefs 
 of human Kind. He forms both their Minds and Bodies ; 
 he raifes them to the Knowledge of the Gods ; he invents 
 the innocent Pleafures of Life ; he aflifts them in their Dif- 
 trefles, and continues his Benefits to them, even after Death, 
 by conducting the Souls of the Good to the Happinefs of 
 Heaven. For this Reafon, we fometimes find his Name in 
 ancient Epitaphs. SAN.
 
 Od. 10. THE ODES OF HORACE. 59 
 
 When from the God, who gilds the Pole, 
 Even yet a Boy his Herds you ftole, 
 With angry Voice the threatning Power 
 Bad thee thy fraudful Prey reftore, 
 But of his Quiver too beguil 'd, 
 Pleas'd with the Theft Apollo fmil'd. 
 
 You were the wealthy Priam's Guide 
 When fafe from Agamemnon's Pride, 
 Through hoftile Camps, which round him fprcad 
 Their watchful Fires, his Way he fped. 
 Unfpotted Spirits you confign 
 To blifsful Seats and Joys divine, 
 And powerful with thy golden Wand 
 The light, unbodied Croud command ; 
 Thus grateful does thy Office prove 
 To Gods below and Gods above. 
 
 ODE
 
 an" 
 
 ,:...:. 
 
 ' 
 
 CARMEN XI. Ad LEUCONOEN. 
 
 TU ne quasfieris (fcire nefas) qu.em-mihi, quern tibi 
 Finem Di ded'yHur, Leuconos, neu Babylonios 
 Tentaris mimeses, . Ut melius, quidquid erit, pati-f 
 Seuplures hyemes, feu tribuit Jupiter ultimam, 
 Quae ^iunc oppofiti^ debilkat pumicibus mare -fj'fS 
 Tyrrhenum ; fapias, vina liques, & fpatio brevi 
 Spem longam refeces. Dum loquimur, fugerit invida 
 .ffitas. Carpediem, quam. miniraiirti credula poftercv 
 
 ' 
 
 This Ode has mucH good Serii'c (rt'ie : r<y I ^f-fuadc us, that 
 all the Arts of FortuR^fc*i>ng--'d& ial-Vidlfii^tos, v'ahilm- 
 pofture, and that true Wii'dom confifts in our Enjoyment of 
 the prefent Hour, without too much Anxiety for the future. 
 
 SAN. 
 
 Verf. i. S are nefas. 1 All the Sciences of Aftrology and 
 Fortune-telling were forbidden, and confidered as impious 
 by the Heathens ; but the Words mean alfo that Imp Disabi- 
 lity of knowing the future Events of Life, and the Folly of 
 tormenting ourfelves to dilcover what is impenetrable to all 
 our Inquiries. CRUQ^ 
 
 z. Leuconoe.'] In fome Manufcripts this Ode is addreffed Ad 
 Leuconaen meretricem, and it is much dilputed whether it be a 
 
 heu Babylonias.] The Babylonians were infatuated with ju- 
 dicial Aftrology, and made ufe of aftronornical Tables to 
 calculate the fortunate or unfortunate Days of Life. Thefe 
 Tables the Poet calls Numerot. 
 
 3. Utmelius.'} The Conitrudtion is remarkable, ut melius 
 ejl, quanta melius eft pati quidquid erit ! How much better is it 
 to bear whatfoever mall happen, than to depend upon the 
 idle Productions of Aitrologers ! SAN. 
 
 5. Qua nunc.~] A Member of the Academy of Belles Let- 
 ires has an ingenious Criticifm on this Paffage. He imagines 
 that Leuconoe had a Country-Seat among' the Villas on the 
 Coafts of Campania, where we know how expenfive the 
 wealthy Citizens of Rome were in their Buildings. From 
 hence this Defcription of Winter will appear wicii greater 
 
 Strength
 
 ODE XI 
 
 STRIVE not, Leuconoe, to pry 
 Into the facred Will .of Fate*. 
 Nor impious Magic vainly try, 
 
 To know our Lives' uncertain Date. 
 
 Whether th' indulgent Powe^divine 
 Hath many Seafons yet in Store, 
 
 Or this the lateft Winter thine, 
 
 Which breaks its Waves againft the Shore, 
 
 'Thy Life with wifer Arts be crown'd, 
 Thy philter'd Wines abundant pour ; 
 
 The lengthen'd Hope with Prudence bound 
 Proportion'd to the flying Hour : 
 
 Even while we talk in carlefs Eafe, 
 
 Our envious Minutes wing their Flight 5 
 
 Inftant the fleeting Pieafure feize, 
 
 Nor truft to-morrow's doubtful Light. 
 
 Strength and Beauty, when the Poet tells Leuconoe, that 
 this, perhaps, may be the- laft Year me (hall enjoy in an 
 Houfe, which Ihe hath built for Pieafure ' and for Vanity. 
 This Criticifm is ftrongly fupportcd by the Word oppofitis, 
 which feems to mean lome artificial Mounds to break the 
 Force and Violence of the Sea. However the Lines are of 
 no mean Beauty, although this ingenious Conjecture mould 
 noJj appear perfectly juft. 
 
 6. Vina liques. ] The Antients ufed to philtrate their Wines 
 to render them more foft and fmooth. CRUO^ 
 
 8. Carpe diem.~\ The Days of Life are here compared to 
 Flowers, which are as ihort in their Duration, as they are 
 pkafmg to the Senfe. The poetical Advice is to pluck them, 
 before, their Beauty and their Bloom be withered. 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN XII. Hymnus ad JOVEM. 
 
 QU E M virum, aut heroa, lyra, vel acri 
 Tibia fumes celebrare Clio ? 
 Quern Deum ? cujus recinet jocofa 
 Nomen imago, 
 
 Au 
 
 The Images of this Ode are great and noble, the Expref- 
 Jions bold and fublime, the Verification chafte and harmo- 
 nious. The principal Beauty of it confifts in the Boldnefs 
 Of the Defigning, and the Art with which it is fupported. 
 
 The Poem opens with the Praifes of Jupiter, and the Gods 
 who were defcended from him. The Heroes (who are all 
 Romans) are next introduced with the particular Strokes, 
 which diftinguifti their Characters, and the Praife of Auguf- 
 tus concludes the Ode. 
 
 We may here obferve two great Excellencies, which are 
 not frequently found together : An Exaclnefs of Method, 
 and an animated Variety. There appears, at firft View, only 
 a fimple Account of Gods and Heroes ; but there is fuch an 
 Abundance of Apoltrophes, Interrogations, Sufpenfions, 
 Metaphors, Companions, Defcriptions, and Images; in- 
 deed all the richeil Figures of Eloquence and Poetry, that 
 the cold, methodical Account of Perfons and Things dif- 
 appears uiv er the Pomp of Ornaments, with which it is 
 clothed. Nor does the Poet only openly rank Auguftus next 
 to the greateft Characters of Antiquity, but feems to point 
 out the Gods and Heroes as Examples worthy of his Imita- 
 tion in the Wifdom and Juftice of governing ; in Fortitude 
 and Firmrit-fs of Soul ; in Courage and Temperance ; in Se- 
 verity of Manners, and Love of our Country. If we do
 
 ODE XII. Hymn to JOVE. 
 
 WH AT Man, what Hero, on the tuneful Lyre, 
 Or fharp-ton'd Flute, will Clio chufe to raife 
 Deathlefs to Fame ? What God? whofe hallowM Name 
 The fportive Image of the Voice 
 
 Shall 
 
 not confider the Ode in this View, it becomes a lefs affeft- 
 ing Piece of Flattery, and an artlefs numbering the greateft 
 Gods of Heaven, and the molt mining Characters among 
 Men. SAN. 
 
 Verf. I . S>uem wirum.} The Poet in the Execution hath 
 changed the Order, which he propofed in the Invocation. 
 He begins with the Praifes of the Gods, as more Unking 
 and affefting, that He may regularly proceed to thofe of 
 Auguftus, which are more intereiting, and for which the Ode 
 was principally written. Horace hath imitated the fecond 
 Olympic of Pindar, which begins thus : 
 
 Tin* EW, TH "Hauat, 
 
 What God, ye Hymns, that rule the Lyre, 
 
 What Hero, warm'd with heavenly Fire, 
 
 Or on the many-founding String 
 
 What matchlefs Mortal mall we fing ? D. 
 
 The Order in Horace is more beautiful, as it is more na- 
 tural. 
 
 4. Imago.] The Greeks and Latins called Echo, The 
 , and the Hebrews, the Daughter of the Voice. DAC;.
 
 64 Q^HORATII FtACtii CARMINUM Lib. r. 
 Aut in umbrofis Heliconis oris, c 
 
 Aut fuper Pindo, gelidove in Hasrno ; 
 Uncrevocalem temere infecutae 
 
 Orphea fylvas, 
 
 Arte materna rapidos morantem 
 
 FJuminum lapfus, celerefque ventos, I o 
 
 Blandum & auritas fidibus canoris 
 
 Ducere quercus. 
 Quid prius dicam .folitis Parentis 
 Laudibus ; qui res hominum, ac Deorura, 
 Quimare, ac terras, variifque mundum 15 
 
 Temperat horis ? 
 Unde nil majus generatur ipfo ; 
 Nee viget quidquam fimile, aut fecundum ; 
 Proximos illi tamen occupavit 
 
 Pallas honores. 20 
 
 Praeliis audax neque te filebo 
 Liber ; & fasvis inimica virgo 
 Belluis ; nee te, metuende certa 
 
 Phoebe fagitti. 
 
 Dicam 
 
 - 7. V oca/em.] Thefe Lines are a beautiful Inftance, how 
 happily a Defcriptioit may be introduced,, when with afeem- 
 ing Irregularity and poetical Wildnefs it relieves' the Heavi- 
 neis of a Narration, and awakens the Attention of the 
 Reader. g AN 
 
 ^ 17. Unde nil ma jus generatur.'] The Poet is not here reafon- 
 ing, m a philofophical Manner, on the Nature of the God- 
 head, but m the Language of Poetry afferts, that Minerva 
 is juftly poffeffed of the next Honours to her Father. Nor 
 
 s fhe compared to Juno, or to her Uncle Neptune (who 
 were certainly her Superiors in the Mythology of the An- 
 cients) but to all the Children of Jupiter, to Bacchus, Apol- 
 lo, Diana, Hercules, Caftor and Pollux, who. are the only 
 Gods mentioned in the Ode; 
 
 The Poet thinks it raifes the Glory of Jupiter, that H<i 
 * had
 
 Od. 12. THE ODES OF HORACE. 65 
 
 Shall through the Shades of Helicon refound, 
 On Pindus, or on Haemus, ever cool, 
 From whence the Forefts in Confufion wild 
 
 To vocal Orpheus urg'd their Way j 
 Who by his Mother's Art, harmonious Mufe, 
 With foft Delay could flop the falling Streams, 
 And winged Winds ; with Strings of Concert fweet 
 
 Powerful the liftening Oaks to lead. 
 Claims not th' eternal Sire his wonted Praife ? 
 Awful who reigns o'er Gods and Men fupreme, 
 Who Sea and Earth this univerfal Globe 
 
 With grateful Change of Seafons rules j 
 From whom no Being of fuperiour Power, 
 Nothing of equal, fecond Glory, fprings, 
 Yet firft of all his Progeny divine 
 
 Immortal Honours Pallas claims : 
 God of the Vine in Deeds of Valour bold, 
 Fair Virgin-Huntrefs of the favage Race, 
 And Phoebus, dreadful with unerring Dart, 
 
 Nor will I not your Praife proclaim. 
 
 Alcides' 
 
 had never produced any Being, equal to his own Power, be- 
 caufe the Fates had declared, if he indulged his Paffion for 
 the Goddefs Thetis, he fhould beget a Son. who Ihould turn 
 him out of Heaven, as he had dethroned his Father Saturn. 
 
 Namquefenex Thetidi Proteus, Dea, dixerat, undx, 
 Concipe : mater en's juveni, quifortibus actis 
 Aflapatris wincet, majorque -videbltur illo. 
 ErgOy ne quidquam mur.dus 'Jove majus baberet, 
 Quatnvis baud tepidos fub pettore fenferat ignes, 
 Jupiter tequorea: Thetidis connubia vitut, Ovzo. BENT. 
 
 VOL. I. F For
 
 66 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i, 
 Dicam & Alciden, puerofque Ledae, 25 
 
 Hunc equis, ilium fuperare pugnis 
 Nobilem ; quorum fimul alba nautis 
 
 Stella refulfit, 
 
 Defluit faxis agitatus humor ; 
 
 Concidunt venti, fugiuntque nubes ; 30 
 
 Et minax (fie Di voluere) ponto 
 
 Unda recumbit. 
 
 Romulum poft hos prius, an quietum 
 Pompili regnum memorem, an fuperbos 
 Tarquini fafces, dubito, an Catonis ' 35 
 
 Nobile lethum. 
 
 Regulum, & Scauros, animaeque magnae 
 Prodigum, Poeno fuperante, Paulum, 
 Gratus iniignl referam Camena, 
 
 Fabriciumque. ' 40 
 
 Hunc, 
 
 For hoary Proteus raptur'd fung Conceive 
 
 A Son, bright Goddefs of the briny Wave ; 
 In dauntlefs Deeds thine Offspring fhall afpire, 
 In dauntlefe Deeds fuperiour to his Sire : 
 Then, left the World a better Choice approve, 
 A greater Monarch than Imperial Jove, 
 The God, though glowing with no feeble Flame, 
 Avoids the Nuptials of the Sea-born Dame. D. 
 
 33. Romulum poft bos."] We have in the following Lines 
 the moil diftinguilhed Characters of the Roman Story. The 
 Poet is doubtful whether he (hall give the Preference in Fame 
 to Romulus, who founded the Monarchy of Rome ; to Nu- 
 ma,^ who confirmed it by the Arts of Peace; to Tarquinius 
 Pnfcus, who having conquered the People of Etruria, intro- 
 duced the Ufageof the Faices, which added fuch Luitre and 
 Majefty to the Empire ; or to Cato, who died in Defence of 
 Liberty, m Cppofidon to a fmgle Magiftrate. Nor Ihould 
 we beiurpriild, that Horace mentions the Defenders of Li- 
 
 beity
 
 Od. i2. THE ODES OF HORACE. 67 
 
 Alcides' Labours, and fair Leda's Twins, 
 Fam'd for the rapid Race, for Wreftlin?; fam'd, 
 Shall grace my Song ; foon as whofe Star benign 
 
 Through the fierce Tempeft fliines ferene, . 
 Swift from the Rocks down foams the broken Surge, 
 Hufh'd fall the Winds, the driving Clouds difperfe, 
 And all the threatening Waves, fo will the Gods, 
 
 Smooth fink upon the peaceful Deep. 
 Here flops the Song, doubtful whom next to praife, 
 Or Romulus, or Numa's peaceful Reign, 
 The haughty Enfigns of Tarquinius' Throne, 
 
 Or Cato, glorious in his Fall. 
 Grateful in higher Tone the Mufe (hall fing 
 The Fate of Regulus, the Scaurian Race, 
 And Paulus, 'midil the Wafte of Cannae's Field, 
 
 How greatly ! prodigal of Life. 
 
 Form'd 
 
 berty with fo much Honour : Virgil hath done the fame in 
 the fixth Book of his JEneid ; and Cremutius Cordus, re- 
 citing his Works to Auguftus, called Brutus andL'affius. The 
 laft of the Romans. It feems to have been an eilablifhed 
 Maxim of that Emperor, to indulge to the People a Fri-edom 
 of expre/Tmg in general their Sentiments concerning Liberty, 
 that they might be lefs fenfible of the Slavery, which was 
 falling upon them. SAN. 
 
 If we could venture with Mr. Cuningham and Sanadon to 
 read Junii fafces, inftead of Tarquini jafces, the Oppolition of 
 Characters in this Strophe would appear with greater Strength 
 and Beauty. We Ihould then fee the two great Founders of 
 the Roman Monarchy oppoied to the two moft zealous Af- 
 fertors of Republican Government : Brutus, who opened the 
 Age of Liberty, by the Expullion of the Kings ; and Cato, 
 who by a voluntary Death determined not to furvive that Li- 
 berty, which he faw was on the Point of expiring under the 
 Ufurpation of Cxfar. 
 
 F z
 
 68 Q^HORATII FLACXCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Hunc, & incomtis Curium capillis 
 Utilem bello tulit, & Camillum 
 Saeva paupertas, & avitus apto 
 
 Cum lare fund us. 
 
 Crefcit occulto velut arbor aevo 45 
 
 Fama Marcelli. Micat inter omnes 
 Julium fidus, velut inter ignes 
 
 Luna minores. 
 
 Gentis 
 
 41. Incomit!s(apillii.~] With Hair uncombed. The ancient 
 Romans did not cut their Hair, as appears by their Statues. 
 Ticinus Menas in the Year 454 introduced the firtt Barbers 
 from Sicily, who carried with them all the Refinements of 
 their Art, fuch as perfuming the Hair, and curling it with 
 hot Irons, called calamiftrte. But thefe were Arts, which 
 Curius difdained, as proper only to infpire Sentiments of 
 Luxury -and Effeminacy. DAC. 
 
 42. Tulit.'] It was a Ctfftom among the Romans to lay 
 their new-born Infants on the Ground, and if the Father 
 took them up, he was engaged to maintain and educate them. 
 From this Culrom, and the Phrafe ufed in it, Tollerepuerutn, 
 the Poet hath taken this Expreffion, as if Poverty had edu- 
 cated Cnrius and Camillus as her Children. DAC. 
 
 dpto cum Lare.~\ It was a frequent Saying of Curius, that 
 He was a pernicious Citizen, who was not contented with 
 feven Acres of Land. From Hence the Poet fays, his Houfe 
 was proportioned to the Extent of his Lands, nor larger 
 than his Eftate. DAC. 
 
 46. Fair.a Marcel!i.~\ Marcellus had been five Times Con- 
 ful, and at the Battle of Nola convinced the Romans, that 
 if Hannibal were not yet conquered, at leaft he was not in- 
 vincible. He was called the Sword of the Roman People, but 
 nothing raifes his Character fo much as that Exclamation of 
 Hannibal ; Pap& f quid hoc homine facias, qul nee bonam nee 
 malam fortuna: ferre pot eft. Solus nee <vic?or Jinit nos ouiefcere, 
 nee quiefcit iffe <victus. Lav. Lib- 27. C. 14. 
 
 If we uncicrfiand thefc Words to have been applied to 
 Marcellus (who was Nephew, Son-in-law, and adopted Son 
 to Auguftus) we frail find a very beautiful Opposition of 
 Characters. The Praifes of Marcellus are indeed finely 
 imagined, but they are thrown into the Shade, and dif- 
 
 2 guiied
 
 Od. 12. THE ODES OF HORACE. 69 
 
 Form'd by the Hand of Penury fevere 
 
 In Dwellings, fuited to their fmall Demaine, 
 
 Fabricius, Curius, and Camillus rofe ; 
 
 To Deeds of martial Glory rofe. 
 Marcellus, like a youthful Tree, of Growth 
 Infenfible, high fhoots his fpreading Fame, 
 And like the Moon, the feebler Fires among, 
 
 Confpicuous fhines the Julian Star. 
 
 Saturnian 
 
 gulfed under Figures and Comparifons. They are only 
 Hopes and Promifes of his future Glory. On the contrary, 
 thofe of Auguftus appear in their ilrongefl Light, and are 
 already real and perfeft. Marcellus is compared to a young 
 Tree, and to a Star in the Night, but Auguftus is aimoit 
 equalled to Jove himfelf. 
 
 Horace fays that the Glory of the firft Marcellus, which 
 was almoft loil in a Length of Time, now began to take 
 new Life, and to increafe in his Defcendant. Young Mar- 
 cellus is compared to a Tree, arifing from the illullrious 
 Stock of the Perfon who routed Hannibal, and from thence 
 tranfpl anted into the Julian Family. There, by another 
 beautiful Image, he becomes a Star, whofe Luflre outfhines 
 the Brightness of all the Roman Houfes, as the Moon is fu- 
 perior to all the Lights of Heaven. He inherits the Name 
 and Glory of the great Marcellus ; He fupports the Repu- 
 tation and Honour of his Anceftor, while at the fame Time 
 He {hews himfelf worthy of being the Succefibr of Auguf- 
 tus. Thus the Poem rifes from the Dead to the Living, from 
 Marcellus to Auguftus, with an eafy and fpirited Tranfition. 
 
 In a Profe Tranflation, the Senfe and Connexion will lie 
 thus. The Glory of the ancient Marcellus, far from being 
 darkened by a Length of Time, gains new Luftre in one of 
 his Defcendants, as a young Tree,rifes by infenfible Degrees 
 to its full Strength and Proportion. This new Light of the 
 Julian Family mines among the nobleft Houfes of Rome, as 
 does the Moon among the Stars. SAN. 
 
 Although the Critic hath wrote thefe Notes with a great 
 deal of Art, yet there feems a Refinement in them, not very 
 natural to the Simplicity of Horace ; befides, that two 
 Images fo very different in Kind cannot eafily be applied to 
 the lame Perfon. Marcellus was indeed the Delight of the 
 F 3 Roman
 
 70 Q^HORATII FLACCI CAR.MINITM Lib. i, 
 Gentis humanae pater atque cuftos, 
 Ort'; Saturno, tibi cura magni 5<> 
 
 Cxi?.n^ fatis data : tu fecundo 
 
 C^efare regnes. 
 
 Ille feu Parthos Latio imminentes 
 Eprerit jufto doinitos triumpho : 
 Sive lubjectos Orientis orae 55 
 
 Seras Si Indps ; 
 
 Te minor latum reget aequus orbem : 
 Tu gravi curru quaties Giympum, 
 Tu parum caftis inimica mittes 
 
 Fulmina lucis. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 Roman People, and the Favourite of Auguftus, yet we might 
 juilly expert to find the Character of Julius Caefar, among 
 the Heroes of the Roman Story . and the "juliumjldus may 
 naturally mean that Emperor, whether we confider the Ex- 
 preffion in a poetical or an hiltorical Light. Thus he rifes 
 jn ; u^, real Glory, and fliines, without a Metaphor, in the 
 Appearance of his own Star, which was feen during feven 
 N;gh's aftey his Death, and was believed to have been ap- 
 pointed for his Dwelling, as fopn as he was received into 
 tkc Number of the Gods. Thus the Poem rifes more na- 
 ta.ally from the Dead to the Living, and with no lefs Corn-r 
 piimeiit to Auguilus. 
 
 53. Parthos Latio imminentes .] It hath been already ob- 
 fcrved, that our Poet takes all Opportunities pf animating 
 Auguilus to revenge the Death of CraiTuf, and to recover 
 the Glory of the Ronian Arms by fubduing the Parthians, 
 \vuo wore continually making Incurnons into the Provinces of 
 : ...uolic. 
 
 $$.-Orifntis orss.~\ It is not eafy to fay how oris hath taken 
 FoiiciliOii of almoft all Editions of our Author. It does not 
 a] -;.ear in the i'vlanufcrirts ; it multiplies the Letter s, of 
 which the Repetition is already too frequent, and caufes a 
 difagrecable Hilling 
 
 ^6. ~!e r/ih.or.] The Poem ends, as it began, with the 
 
 Praifes of Jupiter. The Conclufion is finely imagined, and 
 
 all the Decencies of Character are preferved in it. The 
 
 . Pott, ia the Epicurean 1- hiiofophy, makes the Gods thcm- 
 
 fctrea
 
 Od. 12. THE ODES OF HORACE. 71 
 
 Saturnian Jove, Parent and Guardian God 
 Of human Race, to Thee the Fates affign 
 The Care of Caefar's Reign ; to thine alone 
 
 Inferiour let his Empire rife j 
 Whether the Parthian's formidable Powers, 
 Or fartheft India's oriental Sons ^ 
 
 With fuppliant Pride, beneath his Triumph fall, 
 
 Wide o'er a willing World fhall He 
 Contented reign, and to thy Throne mail bend 
 Submiflive. Thou in thy tremendous Car 
 Shalt make Olympus' Head, and at our Groves, 
 
 Polluted, hurl thy dreadful Bolts. 
 
 (elves depend upon the Deftlnies ; by which the Antients 
 vmderftood a kind of mechanical Neceffity, producing fuc- 
 ceffively all the Changes of the Univerfe. Thefe DelUnies 
 had commiflioned Jupiter to be the Tutelary God of Auguf- 
 tus, but when that Prince fhall have fubdued all the Nations 
 of 'the Earth, yet he (hall ftill acknowledge the Superiority 
 of Jupiter, and contented with the Government of the World 
 ihall leave to Jove the Power of Thunder. SAN. 
 
 F 4
 
 CARMEN XIII. 
 
 QUUM tu, Lydia, Telephi 
 Cervicem rofeam, & cerea Telephi 
 X/audas brachia, vae, meum 
 
 Fervens difEciJi bile tumet jecur. 
 Tune nee mens mihi, nee color 5 
 
 Certa fede manet ; humor & in genas 
 Furtim labitur, arguens 
 
 Quam lends penitus macerer ignjbus. * 
 Uror, feu tibi candidos 
 
 Turparunt humeros immodicae mero IO 
 
 Rixae i five puer furens 
 
 Impreflit memorem dente labris notam. 
 Non, fi me fatis audias, 
 
 Speres perpetuum, dulcia barbare 
 Laedentem ofcuh, quae Venus j^ 
 
 Quinta parte fui ne<ftaris imbuit. 
 Felices ter, & amplius, 
 
 Quos irrupta tenet copula j nee malis 
 Divulfus querimoniis, 
 
 Suprema citius folvet amor die. 2 o 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 1S ,? ro r bable b X this Ode that Horace had quarrelled 
 r COmmen ? n S H S *> val Tele Pbus, nor do we 
 at he was very fuccefifcl in his Defire of 
 
 ^l^ d ^ > 
 
 2. Cervice* nfeom^ We find this Epithet in Virgil 
 
 kind of 
 
 race all 'th Ut ^ Re S ard to the C ^- Ho- 
 " eV/ ' ' and Albino.
 
 ODE X. To LYDIA. 
 
 AH ! when on Telephus his Charms, 
 His rofy Neck, and waxen Arms, 
 My Lydia's Praife unceafing dwells, 
 What gloomy Spleen my Bofom fwells ? 
 On my pale Cheek the Colour dies, 
 My Reafon in Confufion flies, 
 And the down-ftealing Tear betrays 
 The lingering Flame that inward preys. 
 I burn, when in Excefs of Wine 
 He foils thofe fnowy Arms of thine, 
 Or on thy Lips the fierce-fond Boy 
 Marks with his Teeth the furious Joy. 
 If yet my Voice can reach your Ear, 
 Hope not to find the Youth fincere, 
 Cruel who hurts the fragrant Kifs, 
 Which Venus bathes with nectar'd Blifs. 
 Thrice happy They, in pure Delights 
 Whom Love with mutual Bonds unites, 
 Unbroken by Complaints or Strife 
 Even to the lateft Hours of Life. 
 
 ODE
 
 ( 74 ) 
 
 CARMEN XIV. Ad REMPUBLICAM. 
 
 ONavis ! referent in mare te novi 
 Fluftus ? O ! quid agis ? fortiter occupa 
 Portum. Nonne vides, ut 
 
 Nudum remigio latus, 
 
 Et malus celeri faucius Africo, 5 
 
 Antennaeque gemunt j ac fine funibus 
 Vix durare carinae 
 Poflint imperiofms 
 
 ,/Equor ? 
 
 In the Year 725 Auguftus confulted his Favourites Msece- 
 nas and Agrippa, whether he fhould rengn the Sovereign 
 Authority. We have in Dion a Speech of Maecenas upon 
 that Occalion, in which the Allegory of a Ship and the Re- 
 public is fo ftrongly maintained, and hath fo:;:ething fo ex- 
 tremely like this Ode, that prcbaWy the Poet took his De- 
 fign from thence as a Compliment to his illuftrious Patron. 
 
 In the Year 727 Auguftus began his feventh Confulfhip, 
 with a Requeft to the Senate, that they would difcharge him 
 from an Office, which his Infirmities could no longer fup- 
 j>ort. This Bifcourfe was formed with a great deal of Ar- 
 tifice, and that Artifice made it fucceed. The Senators 
 granted every thing he wifhed for, by denying every thing 
 Ee had propofed ; fo that Auguftus law himfelf agreeably 
 forced to hold that Power, which he was fo much afraid of 
 lofing, and thus more ftrongly enflaved the Republic by a 
 fpecious Offer of Liberty. In the Interval of thefe two 
 Events (the Confultation of Odavius with his Favourites, 
 and his Declaration to the Senate) Horace wrote this Ode, 
 & which he endeavours to perfuade the Romans not to fuf- 

 
 (75) 
 
 ODE XIV, TLO the REPUBLIC. 
 
 ILL-fated VefTel ! (hall the Waves ?gain 
 Tempeftuous bear thee to the faithlels Main f 
 What would thyMadnefs, thus with Storms to fport ? 
 Ah ! yet with Caution keep the friendly Port. 
 Behold thy naked Decks ; the Southern Blaft, 
 Hark ! how it whittles through thy rending Mail ! 
 Nor without Ropes thy Keel can longer brave 
 The ruining Fury of th' imperious Wav* : 
 
 Torn 
 
 fer that Prince to abandon the Government of the Empire. 
 However, fevcral Senators (either Deceived by the feenJng 
 Inclination of Qftavius, or yelling to believe Hini) bein^ 
 very earned to eftabiifh the Republican Government, He 
 was obliged to chufe men Perfons as he knew would ibpport 
 his Defigns before he made this pretended Refignation. Yet 
 the Hillorian remarks, that although clr ufrages were 
 unanimous, there was a great Diveruty of Sentiments. SAN. 
 
 Verf. I . Ntvijltithu^ The continual and dangerous Agi- 
 tation of the Waves is finely compared to the violent Move- 
 ments of a civil War, which was at that Time but a Year 
 and half ended. SAN. 
 
 2. Quid *gis ?"] Several of the Senators would gladly have 
 the Republican Government reftored, while others thought 
 the Good of the State required afingle Matter. The Choice 
 was difficult and delicate. SAN. 
 
 Fortiter occupa per turn. ~\ This Port was the Tranquillity, 
 which was rifmg under the Government of O&avius. 
 
 8. Imptriojius a^uor?'} The Beauty of this Epithet part- 
 
 cularly
 
 76 Q^HORATII FtAcci CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 JEquor ? Non tibi font Integra lintea ; 
 Non Di, quos iterum prefla voces malo. ro 
 
 Quamvis Pontica pinus, 
 
 Sylvae filia nobilis, 
 Jaftes & germ's, & nonieri inutile j 
 Nil pictis timidus navita puppibus 
 
 Fidit. Tu, nifi ventiS 15 
 
 Debes ludibrium, cave. 
 h 5io c.; .i-.-.Q&dir-- 
 
 Nuper 
 
 otoT 
 
 calarly confifts in its being a very natural Image of the 
 Ambition of the Great, who would certainly have over- 
 turned the Republic, if not reftrained by the Authority of 
 Odavius. SAN. 
 
 10. Non Di.'] In the plain Senfe of the Words, thefe 
 Deities were the Gods, whofe Statues were placed on the 
 Stern of the Ship, which, being broken by the Tempefts, 
 had loft its Tutelary Divinities. But in the figurative Senfe 
 of the Words, we may underftand Oftavius himfelf, or the 
 Guardian Gods of Rome, who had fupported him in all his 
 Enterprizes, and who would be offended if he were fuffered 
 to quit the Government, SAN. 
 
 ji. Pontica pinus.] The Timber of the Pontic Wood was 
 extremely hard and durable ; yet the Poet fays, that the 
 Veffel had been fo (haken by the late Tempeft, that {he ought 
 not to be too confident of her Strength, although fhe once 
 grew in the Forefts of Pontus. Thus he infmuates to the 
 Romans, that although the Republic feemed firm and un- 
 ftiaken to thofe, who inclined to a popular Government, yet 
 this pretended Strength could not prelerve her from the Mis- 
 fortune which threatened her, if Oftavius abandoned her to 
 their Guidance SAN. 
 
 14. ri&ufttffSfas.'] Befides the Statues of the Gods, the 
 
 Sterns
 
 Ode 14. THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 Torn are thy Sails, thy Guardian Gods are loft, 
 Whom you might call in future Tempefts toft. 
 What though majeftic in your Pride you flood 
 A noble Daughter of the Pontic Wood, 
 You now may vainly boaft an empty Name, 
 Or Birth confpicuous in the Rolls of Fame. 
 The Mariner, when Storms around him rife, 
 No longer on a painted Stern relies. 
 Ah ! yet take heed, left thefe new Tempefts fweep, 
 In fportive Rage, thy Glories to the Deep. 
 
 TJwt 
 
 Sterns of their Ships were adorned with Paintings, and 
 other Ornaments, which the Greeks called in general Aero- 
 Jlofia, and the Latins dplujlria. DAC. 
 
 Thefc Words leem to have fomewhat an Air of a moral 
 Sentiment ; That the Paintings, with which a Ship is adorned, 
 are 'very little Security againji a Storm, or very little Encourage- 
 ment to a frighted Mariner. Horace hath already told the 
 Romans, that they ought not to be too confident of their 
 Strength, and he adds, that they mould have but little De- 
 pendence upon the Opulence of the Republic. Luxury 
 and Extravagance are in a State, what Paintings and Statues 
 are in a Ship. Thefe vain Ornaments are as little Security 
 to a State, when threatned with War, as to a Veffel, when 
 menaced with Tempefts, or as to a Mariner, who fails in 
 ter. SAM. 
 
 Timidus na<vita.~] Dion tells us, that fome of the Senators 
 thought themfelv.es happy under the Government of Oc- 
 tavius, and were afraid of a Republican Government, as 
 fubjed to popular Diforders and Tumults.
 
 FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. I. 
 Nuper folicitum quae mihi taedium, 
 Nunc defiderium, curaque non levis, 
 Interfufa nitentes 
 
 Vites aequora Cycladas; 26 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 17. Nuper folicitum. ~\ The Poet expreffes by foltcitum t,-e- 
 dium, that Sorrow and Anxiety, which he felt when he 
 was engaged in the Party of Brutus. This Anxiety arofe 
 not only from an Uncertainty of the Event, but from the 
 Fatigues of the War, the Mifunderftanding of the Command- 
 ers, the Weaknefs of the Troops, and Inexperience of the 
 Officers. But as foon as he had enjoyed the Security and 
 Happinefs of the Government of Auguftus, he regrets, with 
 the utmoft Tendernefs and Affedlion, thofe Bleffings, which 
 the Republic was in Danger of lofing by another civil War. 
 This he expreffes by the Words, Dejiderium, curaque non le- 
 ws. TORR. 
 
 19. Interfufa nltentesJ] The Poet ftill purfues the Allegory, 
 and under the Idea of a tempeftuous Sea reprefents the 
 Dangers, which the Republic might juftly fear, if Oftavius 
 were fuffered to refign the Government. Nitentes means 
 quam<vis nitentes, and figures to us the flattering Hopes, which 
 the Senate conceived, if they could get the Government in- 
 to their Hands. The Cyclades are a Number of Iflands in 
 the-^Egean Sea, bounded with white Rocks, that make an 
 agreeable Appearance at a Diftance. Horace in another 
 Place calls ihemfutgentes Cycladas. TORR. SAN. 
 
 It was neceffary to enlarge thefe Notes, becaufe many 
 learned Commentators underftand the Ode in a plain, hifto- 
 rical Manner. Bat if an Authority of Names ought to have 
 any Weight, the Judgement of Quiritilian is equal to the 
 greateft. Allegoria, quam iwerjionem interpretamur, aliud 
 verbis, aliud fenfu ojiendit ; ac etiam interim contrarium. Prius, 
 ut O navis ! referent in mare te novi fludus ? O ! quid agis f 
 Fortiter occupa portum. Totufque etiam ille Horatii locus, quo 
 tiavim pro republica, fufius & tetnpejiates pro bellis cwilibus* 
 portum pro pace & concordia didt. %uin. L. 8. C. 6.
 
 Od. 14. THE ODES OP HORACE. 79 
 
 Thou late my deep Anxiety and Fear, , 
 And now my fond Defire and tender Care, 
 Ah ! yet take heed, avoid thofe fatal Seas, 
 Which roll among the fhining Cyclades. 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN XV. NEREI Vatidmum. 
 
 PASTOR quum traheret per freta navibus 
 Idseis Helenen perfidus hofpitam ; 
 Ingrato celeres obruit otio 
 Ventos, ut caneret fera 
 
 Nereus 
 
 In the Year 722 Antony fet Sail with a a numerous Fleet, 
 from ^Egypt to Peloponnefus, intending to pafs over into 
 Italy with Cleopatra, and make his Country the Scene of a 
 fecond civil War. Enflamed with a violent Paffion for that 
 Princefs, afpiring to nothing lefs than making her Miftrefs 
 of the Univerfe, and iupported by the Forces of the Eaft, 
 he declared War againlt Oclavius. Horace therefore in a 
 noble, and poetical Allegory, reprefents to Antony the fatal 
 Effe&s of fuch a Conduft, by propofmg to him the Ex- 
 ample of Paris, and the ruinous Confequences, which at- 
 tended his Paffion for Helen. 
 
 We are afiured by Torrentius, that the beft and moft an- 
 cient Manufcript he had feen, gave this Title to the Ode, 
 Ad Alexandrum Paridem, fub cujus Perfona exponit imminentia 
 betta, from whence it appears, that the allegorical Manner 
 of explaining it is at leaft of ancient Date. Nor indeed 
 could there be a more exaft Refemblance of Characters, than 
 between Antony and Pa/is ; Cleopatra and Helen. Anto- 
 ny and Paris were both famous for Luxury and Effeminacy, 
 and by a fatal Paffion for two foreign Queens brought a 
 bloody and deftruftive War on their Country, which ended 
 not but with their own Ruin. 
 
 Dion tells us, that in the Year 722, there was an open 
 Rupture between O&avius and Antony, who had repudiated 
 Odavia : that Oflavius reproached him with his Amour with 
 Cleopatra, and his giving to Her and to her Family the 
 richeft Countries in the Eait : that many illuftrious Romans 
 had deferted the Party of Antony, becaufe they were per- 
 fuaded, he intended to beftow the City of Rome to Cleopa- 
 tra, and remove the Seat of the Empire to ^Egypt.The Hiflo-
 
 ODE XV. The Prophecy of 
 
 WHEN the perfidious Shepherd bore 
 The Spartan Dame to Afia's Shore, 
 Nereus the rapid Winds opprefs'd, 
 And calm'd them to unwilling Reft, 
 
 That 
 
 . B Odavius were determined 
 
 decide War agamft Cleopatra, yet he was unwilling to 
 mention Antony by Name, that he might not exafpefate- 
 thofe who were engaged in his Party, Ir that he might 
 make him the Aggreflor, by thus obliging him to take Arms 
 igamft his Country m Defence of an Egyptian Woman. 
 
 Verf. i.Pafior.] The Exadnefs of the Comparifon^ap* 
 pears even in the firft Word. Paris was by the Greeks S 
 J-iatins called thr ,9/^A/^.-v K^^.,r L. > 
 
 he w ^s educated a 
 
 Shenh ' aue e w ^s eucate amon, 
 
 Shepherds on Mount Ida. Antony was one of the Lunercf 
 the Pnefts of Pan, the God of Shepherds. P N ' 
 
 Traheretl Paris did not go diredly from Laceda.mon 
 Troy, but m an Apprehenfion of being purfued failed to 
 Cyprus Phomicia and ^gypt. Thus Antony in his Paflk 
 from Alexandna to Peloponnefus carried another HelfS 
 through^e fame Seas. This Criticifm gives us all the 
 Force of the Word ^erct, which fignifes lentil 
 tione clrcu?i'.ducerci . T 
 
 2. P"JMs.] I This Epithet agrees equally with the natural" 
 and allegoncal Senfe. Paris had perfidiouily ftolen a foreign 
 Pnncefs fi om the Court of her Hulband, who had receivfd 
 
 n \l?M h h \ R ^ a t f Hof P italit /- Antony ^ 
 equal Perfidv broke h ls Faith to Odavia by his Encraee 
 ments to a foreign Queen. SAN 
 
 3. Ingraft.] Jt is cuftomary among the Poets ihttt *ll' 
 Namre keeps Silence, whea tWoiJof a God i hlrd , 
 
 * - * * "
 
 82 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Nereus fata. Mala ducis avi domum, 5 
 
 Quam multo repetet Gnecia milite 
 Conjurata tuas rumpere nuptias, 
 Et regnum Priami vetus. 
 
 Eheu, quantus equis, quantus ad eft viris 
 Sudor ! Quanta moves funera Dardanae 10 
 
 Genti ! Jam galeam Pallas, & zegida, 
 
 Currufque, & rabiem parat. 
 Nequicquam, Veneris praefidio ferox, 
 Pe&es caefariem, grataque foeminis 
 Imbelli cithara carmina divides : 1 5 
 
 Nequicquam, thalamo graves 
 
 Haftas, 
 
 and here the Winds are filent in Refpedt to Nereus, although 
 that God had no particular Power over them. As this Calm 
 w as contrary to the Defigns and Inclination of the Ravifher, 
 &ir. Sanadon thinks ingrato ought to be applied to Paris, not 
 to the Winds. The two Words obruit otio give us an Image 
 of the late Agitation of the Waves, and the Calm which 
 fucceeded ; the fail fhews the Power of Nereus, the other 
 the Obedience of the Winds. HEINSIUS. SAN. 
 
 5. Mala out.] There is a remarkable Beauty in the Tran- 
 fition, by which the Poet pafies at once from the Narration 
 to the Speech of Nereus. It would have been languid and 
 feeble to have it introduced with -1'bus hefpoke. DAC. 
 
 Ducis domum.'] Antony intended to carry Cleopatra to 
 Rome, as Paris carried Helen to Troy. SAN. 
 
 7. Conjurata.'} The Grecian Princes affembled at Aulis, 
 where th ey formed the Defign of the Siege of Troy to re- 
 venge th e Rape of Helen . T'he Words miftite aud nubere are 
 fometimes equivocally underftood, and are here ufed (at 
 leaft by a God) in a very improper Senfe for the criminal 
 Loves of Paris and Helen. An ancient Author, quoted by 
 Cicero, pleafantly calls them nuptias ittnuptas. SAN. 
 
 ^ 8. Regnum Priami.'] The Empire of the Trojans, and the 
 Nuptials of Paris, reprefent the Marriage of Antony in 
 ./Egypt, while Rome, like Greece, is rifmg to revenge the 
 Dilhonour. SAN. 
 
 _ \\.Jam galeam Pallas.'] In the Spirit of Poetry, the future 
 Kum of Tioy is here defcribed, as if it were already prefent. 
 
 The
 
 Od. 15. THE ODES OF HORACE. 8/ 
 
 That he might fing the dreadful Fate, 
 Which fhould the guilty Lovers wait. 
 
 Fatal to Priam's antierit Sway 
 You bear th' ill-omen'd Fair away, 
 For foon fhall Greece in Arms arife 
 Deep-fworn to break thy nuptial Ties. 
 What Toils do Men and Horfe fuftain ! 
 What Carnage loads the Dardan Plain ! 
 Pallas prepares the bounding Car, 
 The Shield and Helm and Rage of War. 
 
 Though proud of Venus' guardian Care, 
 In vain you comb your flowing Hair; 
 In vain you fweep th' unwarlike String 
 And tender Airs to Females fing ; 
 For though the Dart may harmlefs prove 
 (The Dart, that frights the Bed of Love) 
 
 Though 
 
 The Goddefs of Wifdom and War is very happily intro- 
 duced. Odavia had given fufficient Proof of her Wifdom 
 in the Negotiations of the Triumvirate, and (he now ap- 
 pears in all the Terrours of War, while the whole Weflern 
 World is arming in her Quarrel. SAN. 
 
 13. VauntpMio.] Cleopatra is here reprefented under 
 the Character of Venus. The Court of that Princefs was 
 the very Dwelling of Luxury and Pleafure, where Antony 
 plunged himielf into the moft infamous Excefles. From 
 hence the Poet raifes a juft and natural Allufion without do- 
 ing Violence to Hiftory. Pallas was the Guardian of Mene- 
 laus, as Venus was the ProteSrefs of Paris. sEqua Venus 
 7eucris, Pallas iniquafwt. Thus Oftavia fuppprted Cxfar, 
 as Cleopatra appeared in Defence of Antony. SA N. 
 
 15. Imbelli cithara.'] There is here a Itrong Refemblance 
 of Charaders. Plutarch tells us, that Antony lived at Sa- 
 mos m the laft Excefles of Luxury, amidft the Delights of 
 Songs andMufic, while the World around him was terrified 
 with Apprehenfions of a civil War. >uum unwerfus orbis 
 gemitibus lamentifyue creparet, una per multns dies infula tibils 
 CS 3 cantu perfonabat, ubi referta erar.t tbeatra certantibus charts. 
 
 G 2
 
 8 4 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Haftas, & calami fpicula Cnoflii 
 Vitabis, ftrepitumque, & celerem fequi 
 Ajacem ; tamen, heu ferus ! adulteros 
 
 Crines pulvere collines. 
 Non Laertiaden, exitium tuae 
 Gentis, non Pylium Neftora refpicis ? 
 Urgent impavidi te Salaminius 
 
 Teucer, te Sthenelus fciens 
 
 Pugnae ; five opus eft imperitare equis, *5 
 
 Non auriga piger. Merionen quoque 
 Nofces. Ecce furit te reperire atrox 
 
 Tydides melior patre ; 
 Quern tu, cervus uti vallis in altera 
 Vifum parte lupum graminis immemor 3 
 
 Sublimi fugies mollis anhelitu, 
 
 Non hoc pollicitus tuae. 
 
 Iracunda 
 
 Jlinc nwuiga'vit Atbenas, ubi de Integra ejfudit fe in ludos & 
 fpeSacula. 
 
 Carmina divides.'] This Manner of fpeaking hath given 
 ^reat Pain to the Interpreters, and Mr. Dacier confefles he 
 is not fatisfied with any of their Conjedlures. Whether it 
 means any particular Divifions in Mufic, or that a fine Voice, 
 and an Inftrument fkilfully touched, can equally charm a 
 whole Company as well as the Performers, is yet uncertain 
 among the Commentators. 
 
 17. Calami fpicula Cnojfii.'] It is probable, from this Ex- 
 preffion, that the Cretans, who were excellent Archers, in. 
 ftead of Arrows made ufe of a kind of hard, flender, pointed 
 Reeds, which grew in the Sands of their Ifland. Thus 
 Ovid ; Ace Gortiniaco calamus le<vis exit ab arcu. SAN, 
 
 28. Tydides melior patre. ~\ The Grecian Princes, who are 
 named in thefe Lines, reprefent Oftavius and the Com- 
 manders of his Army. Perhaps Tydeus and Diomed were 
 defigned for Julius Caefar and Oftavius, who was his adopted 
 Son. The Comparifon indeed doth not want Flattery, but 
 it is th Flattery of a Poet to the Mafter of the World.
 
 Od. 12. THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 Though you efcape the Noife of Fight, 
 Nor Ajax can o'ertake thy Flight, 
 Yet (halt Thou, infamous of Luft, 
 Soil thofe adulterous Hairs in Duft. 
 
 Look back and fee, with furious Pace 
 That Ruin of the Trojan Race 
 Ulyfles comes ; and fage in Years 
 Fain'd Neftor, hoary Chief, appears : 
 Intrepid Teucer fweeps the Field, 
 And Sthenelus, in Battle flail 'd j 
 Or fkill'd to guide with fteady Rein, 
 And pour his Chariot o'er the Plain. 
 Undaunted Merion {halt Thou feel, 
 While Diomed with furious Steel, 
 In Arms fuperiour to his Sire, 
 Burns after Thee with martial Fire. 
 As when a Stag at Diftance fpies 
 A prowling Wolf, aghatt he flies, 
 Of Pafture heedlefs, fo fhall you 
 High-panting fly when they purfue. 
 Not fuch the Promifes you made, 
 Which Helen's eafy Heart betray'd. 
 
 Achilles' 
 
 31. Sublimi anbe/itu.] They, who are panting for Breath, 
 are apt to raife their HeaUs, that they may breathe more 
 freely. SAN. 
 
 32. Non hoc pollicititf /*.] Ovid has preferred thele fro 
 miles in his piftle of Paris to Helen, 
 
 Tinge tatnen, Ji vis, ingem cor^furgere bellum, 
 
 Et mihi funt vires, & mea tela notent. 
 Nee plus Atrides animi Menelam babebit, 
 
 >uam Paris, aut armis anteferendus erit. 
 
 But grant the Trumpet Ihould to Battle found, 
 
 I too have Courage, and my Weapons wound. 
 
 A greater Soul not Menelaus warms, 
 
 Noj fhines he more amid the Rage of Arms, D.
 
 $6 Q^HQRATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Iracunda diem proferet Ilio 
 Matronlfque Phrygum claffis Achillei', 
 Poft certas hyemes uret Achai'us 35 
 
 Ignis Pergameas domes, 
 
 C A R- 
 
 33- Iracunda clajfis.~\ Afinius Pollio was not only a.Man of 
 Letters, but pofleHed, in an eminent Degree, the Arts of 
 Policy and War. When the Dictator was killed, he com- 
 manded the Legions in Gaul, and after the Battle of Phar- 
 falia carried on the War againft Sextus Pompeius. Antony 
 took pains to gain to his Party a Perfon of fuch Importance, 
 who afterwards became one of his nrmeft Supports. He in- 
 trufted him intirely with his Interefts at the Conference of 
 Brundufium in the Year 7 14, in which he difplayed all his 
 Talents for Negotiation. In the following Year he had the 
 Honours of a Triumph for his Dalmatian Expedition, and 
 afterwards continued in Italy, afFeding a Kind of Neutrality 
 between the contending Parties As this Conducl gave Oc- 
 tavius great Uneafmefs, he made him feveral advantageous 
 Offers, and defired that he would accompany him to Adium. 
 Pollio fiercely returned this Anfwer; I have rendered fome 
 confiderable Services to Antony, and my Obligations to him 
 are well known. Let me not be engaged in your Quarrel 
 the yiclory mail determine who muft be my future Matter 
 Mea in Antonium mo.jora meritafunt, illius in me benefda notiora 
 itaque difcrimini vejlro me fubtrabam, & ero prada <vitorii 
 VELL. PATERCULUS. This Anfwer was very little fatisfac- 
 tory to Odavius, who was apprehenfive, that Pollio defigned, 
 when the two Fleets were at Sea, to put himfelf at the Head 
 of Antony's Party in Italy, and to raife a powerful Diverfion 
 in his Favour. This indeed never happened, but Appear- 
 ances were ftrong enough to form the Allegory, in which, 
 under the Charader of Achilles, Pollio far fome Time de- 
 layed the Fate of Antony, by the Apprehenfions, which he 
 raifed m Auguftus. SAN 
 
 36. Ignis Pergameas domes.-] This Reading is found in fome 
 very ancient Manufcnpts ; the Meafure of the Verfe requires 
 
 It; Mr. Luninffham and Sanarlrm ko,,o ~.,UKA.~J -~ \i
 
 Od. 15. THE ODES OF- HORACE. 87 
 
 Achilles' Fleet with Ihort Delay 
 Vengeful protrats the fatal Day, 
 But when ten rolling Years expire, 
 Thy Troy (hall blaze in Grecian Fire. 
 
 G 4
 
 (88 ) 
 
 CARMEN XVT, ^/TYNDARIDEM. 
 
 OMatre pulcra filia pulcrior, 
 Quern criminofis cumque voles modum 
 Pones i'ambis ; five flamma, 
 
 Sive mari libet Adriano. 
 
 Non Liber aeque, non adytis quatit K 
 
 Mentem facerdotum incola Pythius, 
 Non Dindymene, non acuta 
 
 Si geminant Corybantes aera 
 Trifles ut irae ; quas neque Noricus 
 Deterret enfis, nee mare naufragum, 10 
 
 Nee faevus ignis, nee tremendo 
 
 Jupiter ipfe ruens tumuJtu, 
 Fertur Prometheus addere principi 
 L-imo coa&us particulam undique 
 
 Defeaam, & infani leonis ! 5 
 
 Vim ftomacho appofuifle -noftro, 
 
 Iraa 
 
 This Ode m fome ancient Manufcripts has this Infcrip- 
 tion, Pahnodia Gratidi* ad Tyndar idem ami cam. Horace had 
 written, when he was young, fome fevere Verfes on Gratidia 
 
 her RSr W , in ^ ?? ^ Dau g hter ' he givs them to 
 her Refentmen twith a Sub mi ffion, which has perhaps more 
 
 fi S T mC u nt ^ Jt is f fmed in Ver 7 ^ fuper- 
 
 icial rerms with a Common- Place upon the Effeds of An- 
 
 But' wtd, l em p t0 bC ralfed Wkh an affeded Pom P of Stile - 
 Th t epentanCe WaS fdfe Orreal > wefindin ^ 
 ' " T-fy unfuccefsful. DAC. SAN. 
 
 "T^IP*** in the beft Au ^ ors frequently 
 oach and Slander. * j^J 
 
 f Cre r " a V6iy fenflble C nfufion in the 
 fe Lines, by dividing Cybele from the 
 Coryban&es,
 
 ( 
 
 ODE XVI. To TYNDARIS. 
 
 S~\ Tyndaris, whofe blooming Beauty warms 
 
 VV The kindling Soul beyond thy Mother's Charms, 
 
 Give to my bold Lampoons what Fate you pleafe, 
 
 To wafting Flames condemn'd, or angry Seas. 
 
 Yet oh! remember, nor the God of Wine, 
 
 Nor Pythian Phoebus from his inmoft Shrine, 
 
 Nor Dindymene, nor her Priefts pofleft, 
 
 Can with their founding Cymbals make the Breaft, 
 
 Like furious Anger in its gloomy Vein, 
 
 Which neither temper'd Sword, nor raging Main, 
 
 Nor Fire wide-wafting, nor tumultuous Jove, 
 
 Rufhing in baleful Thunders from above, 
 
 Can tame to Fear. Thus fings the Poet's Lay, 
 
 Prometheus to inform his nobler Clay 
 
 Their various Paffions chofe from every Beaft, 
 
 And fir'd with Lyon-Rage the human Breaft. 
 
 From 
 
 Corybantes, and twice mentioning her Priefts. The Tranf- 
 pofition of the Word Dindymene corrects the Biforders in 
 the Language and Senfe of the Poet, which probably arofe 
 from a Miitake of the firft Tranfcribers. SAN. 
 
 8. &'pw*4/.] Nor Bacchus, nor Apollo, nor Cybele! 
 nor her Priefts, although they doubly beat their founding 
 Cymbals, can fcake the Soul, as does the Power of Anger. 
 [f we read 5iV gcii*ant, with the common Editions, the 
 Conftruftion muft iadly break the Senfe. Corylantes non 
 fee geminant acuta <sra, ut trijies ira geminant acuta *ra. The 
 fcxpreffion gtmtnart *ra, is the fame with *ra retercutere, or 
 as Lucretius exprefleth it, <fra aribus pulfare, and St*tiu$ 
 gemma *ra fenant. The Glory of this Corredlion, in Mr. 
 banadon s Language, is due to Rodellius.
 
 tjo Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Irae Thyeften exitio gravi 
 Stravere j & altis urbibus ultimse 
 Stetere caufae, cur perirent 
 
 Fundirus, imprimeretque muris 2O 
 
 Hoftile aratrum exercitus infolens. 
 Compefce mentcm : me quoque pe&oris 
 Tentavit in dulci juventa 
 
 Fervor, & in celeres i'ambos ' 
 
 Mifit furentem : nunc ego mitibus 25 
 
 Mutare quaero triftia, dum mihi 
 Fias recantatis arnica 
 
 Opprobriis, animumque redctas, 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 20. Imprimerltque muris .] It was a Cuftom among the Ro- 
 mans to drive a How over the Walls of a City, which they 
 deflroyed, to fignify that the Ground, upon which it flood, 
 fhould be forever employed in Agriculture. TORR. 
 
 24. Cclcm jambos.~} The Poet calls this Kind of Verfe 
 fwift* or rapid* becaafe the firft Syllable of each Foot was 
 ft.o-rt, by which tke Cadence was quicker. From thisRapi- 
 dity it feemed moft natural to exprefs the violent Spirit of 
 Satire, SAN.
 
 Od. 16. THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 
 From Anger dire the Tragic Horrours rofe, 
 Which crufli'd Thyeftes with a Weight of Wpes_i._ 
 From hence proud Cities date their utter Falls, 
 When, infolent in Ruin, o'er their Walls 
 The wrathful Soldier drags the hoftile Plow, 
 That haughty Mark of total Overthrow. 
 
 Me too the Heat of Youth to Madnefs fir'd, 
 And with Iambic rapid Rage infpir'd: 
 But now repentant fhall the Mufe again 
 To fofter Numbers tune her melting Strain, 
 So Thou recall thy Taunts, thy Wrath controiil^ 
 Re-fume thy Love, and give me back my Soul. 
 
 OD t
 
 (9* ) 
 
 CARMEN XVII. 
 
 VEL OX anicenum faepe Lucretilem 
 Mutat Lycseo Faunus, & ignearn 
 Defendit aeftatem capellis 
 
 Ufque meis, pluviofque ventos. 
 
 Impune tutum per nemus arbutos 5 
 
 Quaerunt latentes, & thyma deviae 
 Olentis uxores mariti j 
 
 Nee virides mctuunt colubras 
 Nee Martiales hoeduleae lupos ; 
 
 Utcumque dulci, Tyndari, fiftula 10 
 
 Valles, & Ufticse cubantis 
 
 Levia perfonuere faxa. 
 Di me tuentur : Dis pietas mea, 
 JEt mufa cordi eft. Hie tibi copia 
 
 Manabit ad plenum benigno 15 
 
 Ruris honorum opulenta cornu. 
 
 Hie 
 
 The Beauties of Language in this Ode are of no mean 
 Character. Igneam defendit eeftatem capellis, pluviofque *ventos. 
 Olentis uxores mariti. Martiales lupos* Ujlicte cubantis. Ru- 
 ris honorum. Labcrantes in uno. Male difpari. Vitreamque 
 Circen. Some of thefe Expreffions are too bold for our Lan- 
 guage. The reft the Tranflator hath endeavoured to 
 freferve. 
 
 . Horace having by the laftOde made his Peace with Tyn- 
 daris, now invites her to his Country-Seat, and offers her a 
 Retirement and Security from the Brutality of Cyrus, who 
 had treated her with an unmanly Rudenefs and Cruelty. 
 
 7. Olentii
 
 ( 93 ) 
 
 * ODE XVII. 70 TYNDARIS. 
 
 PA N from Arcadia's Heights defcend* 
 To vifit oft my rural Seat, 
 And here my tender Goats defends 
 
 From rainy Winds, and Summer's fiery Heat \ 
 
 For when the Vales, wide-fpreading round, 
 The doping Hills, and polifh'd Rocks 
 
 With his harmonious Pipe refound, 
 
 In fearlefs Safety graze my wandering Flocks ; 
 
 In Safety, through the woody Brake, 
 The latent Shrubs and Thyme explore, 
 
 Nor longer dread the fpeckled Snake, 
 
 And tremble at the martial Wolf no more. 
 
 Their Poet to the Gods is dear, 
 
 They love my Piety and Mufe, 
 And all our rural Honours here 
 
 Their flowery Wealth around Thee mail difFufe. 
 
 Here 
 
 7 Olentis uxores mariti.] This is one of the Beauties pe- 
 culiar to the Greek and Latin Tongues, which can never be 
 preferved in a Tranflation. The Wives of the fetid Eujb and 
 were an Expreffion, perhaps, hardly decent in Engli/h 
 Poetry. Such is the Genius of Languages. 
 
 9. Martlales Ivpos.] Wolves were confecrated to Mars, and 
 under his Protection, becaufe they lived upon Spoil and Ra- 
 pine, TORR.
 
 94 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Hk in. redu&a valle, Caniculas 
 Vitabis sftus, & fide Teia 
 
 Dices laborantes in uno 
 
 Penelopen, vitreamque Circen. 20 
 
 Hie innocentis pocula Lefbii 
 Duces fub umbra i nee Semelei'us 
 
 Cum Marte confundet Thyoneus 
 Praelia ; nee metues protervum 
 
 Sufpe&a Cyrum, ne male- difpari 25 
 
 Incontinentes injiciat manus, 
 
 , : .ESisY 3aJ rt3i1w &/*! 
 
 Et fcindat hasrentem coronam 
 Crinibus, immeritamque veftem. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 1 8. fide Teia.] As Tyndaris is diitinguiflied by her Love 
 of Mufic and Poetry, this Ode muft have been extremely 
 fuited to her Tafte. There is not only a natural Elegance 
 in it; the Images and Exprefiions are not only lively, and 
 beautiful, but the Poetfeems to point out the Story of Ulyfies, 
 as a Subjecl proper to infpire her with the tendereft Senti- 
 ments. He feems to direft her in the Manner of compofing 
 a Song, by an Oppofition' of Penelope's Chaftity to the Frailty 
 of Circe. Such is the Meaning of the Word vifrea. by - 
 which the glafly Frailty of the Miftrefs is compared (if we 
 may ufe the Expreffion) to the adamantine Conftancy of the 
 Wife. In another Place Horace writes, Vitrea forma, and 
 Pub. Sirus, Vitrea fortune, ROUEL. SAN. 
 
 Mr. Barnes, in his Edition of Anacreon, fancies that 
 Tyndaris was famous for fmging an Ode of that Poet upon 
 this Subjeft, of which he laments the Loft. 
 
 UlyfTes is thus defcribed by Ovid : 
 
 Nonformofus erat, fed erat facundus Ulj/es, 
 Et tamen arjuoreas tor/it amore Deas. 
 
 For Eloquence, not Beauty, was he fam'd, 
 And yet with Love the fea-born Nymphs enflam'd. 
 21. Innocentis Le/Hi.] In Athenasus this Wine is called 
 <vinulum, the little Wine, ta which Bacchus gave 
 an Innocence and Immunity from. Drunkenneis. 
 
 LAMB.
 
 Od. 17. THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 Here fhall You tune Anacreon's Lyre 
 
 Beneath a fhady Mountain's Brow, 
 To fing frail Circe's guilty Fire, 
 
 And chafte Penelope's unbroken Vow. 
 
 Far from the burning Dog-Star's Rage 
 
 Here lhall You quaff our harmlefs Wine ; 
 
 Nor here (hall Mars intemperate wage 
 
 Rude War with Him, who rules the jovial Vin 
 
 Nor Cyrus* bold Sufpicions fear ; 
 
 Not on thy Softnefs fliall he lay 
 His defperate Hand, thy Clothes to tear, 
 
 Or brutal match thy feftal Crown away. 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN XVIII. Ad VARUM. 
 
 NU L L A M, Vare, facra vite prius feveris arborom 
 Circa mite folum Tiburis, & moenia Catili ; 
 Siccis omnia nam dura Deus propofuit ; neque 
 Mordaces aliter diffugiurit folicitudines. 
 Quis poft vina gravem milidam, aut pauperiem crepat ? 5 
 Quis non te potius, Bacche pater, teque decens Venus ? 
 At ne quis modici tranfiliat munera Liberi, 
 Centaurea monet cum Lapithis rixa fuper mero 
 Debellata : monet Sithoniis non levis Evius, 
 Q^ium fas atque nefas, exiguo fine, libidinum 10 
 
 Difcernunt avidi. Non ego te, candide Baflareu, 
 Invitum quatiam , nee variis obfita frondibus 
 
 Sub 
 
 This Ode is an Imitation of one written by Alcams upon 
 the fame Subjeft, and in the fame Kind of Verfe. The firft 
 Line is almoft an exad Tranflation. 
 
 It is remarkable, that the Poet begins with great Calmnefs 
 to defcribe the fatal Confequences, which attend our ExcefTes 
 in Wine. He then fuddenly falls into a poetical Diforder, 
 which feenas almoft natural to his Subjecl,and which breaks 
 forth into ftronger Ideas, figurative Expreflions, and a Style 
 broken and unconneaed. Thus the Difference of the two 
 Characters, which divide this Ode, is not the meaneft of its 
 Beauties; and the Tranfition from one to the other is natu- 
 ral and well -conduced. DA ^ SAN 
 
 A V i er I' T 3 ' Pr #tf a ' f l The God propofeth to us a Choice of 
 Ae aft Importance. We mufi drink, or refohe to bear all the 
 Anvetzes of Life. Or, B^ 0? eV&fl, ^^ , When 
 
 Bacchus enters, our Cares are aileep. ANACREON. 
 A "nu I I f moderate ^ ifatiabk. The Thracians in 
 ir Debauches know not any other Bounds to their Defires, 
 than their Paffions, which ufually make little Difference be- 
 
 tween 

 
 (97) 
 
 :sv 
 
 ODE- XVIII. ToVARvs 
 
 
 ROUND Catilus* Walls, or in Tibur's rich Soi 
 To plant the glad Vine be my Varus r firft Toil j 
 For God hath propos'd to the Wretch, who's athirft, 
 To drink, or with Heart-gnawing Cares to be curft* 
 Of War, or of Want, who e'er prates o'er his Wine> 
 For 'tis thine, Father Bacchus 3 bright Venus, 'tis thine, 
 To charm all his Cares j yet that no one may pafs 
 The Freedom and Mirth of a temperate Glafs, 
 Let us think on the Lapiths's Quarrels fo dire, 
 And the Thracians, whom Wine can to Madnefs infpire 1 
 Infatiate of Liquor when glow their full Veins, 
 No Diftindion of Vice, or of Virtue remains. 
 
 Great God of the Vine, who doft Candour approve, 
 I ne'er will thy Statues profanely remove ; 
 'I ne'er will thy Rites, fo myfterious, betray 
 To, the broad-glaring Eye of the Tale-telling Day. 
 
 Ohf 
 
 tween Good and Evil. Quiafunt auidi, idea fas atoue nef at 
 tijcernunt exiguo fine libidinum. SAN 
 
 NOH ego te Baffanu, &c.J This poetical Sallv is admir- 
 able ; yet, fudden as it is, does not tranfport the Poet out o 
 his Subjeft. He proposes to pradlife that Moderation, which 
 he recommends to others, and intreats the God not to 
 abandon him to the Vices, with which he afflids them, who 
 profane his Benefits by a facrilegious Abufe of them SAN 
 
 12. QrAtiam.] This Word is metaphorically taken from a 
 Luflom of the Ancients, who in their feftival Days removed 
 the Statues of their Gods from the Place, in which they 
 JfuaJly flood, and carried them in Proceliion. This they 
 called common e re faa'a. 
 
 ranis otftafrondibu^ This Expreffion is likewife taken 
 Jj om a Cuftom, obferved in the Feafts of Bacchus and Ceres 
 When they carried the Statues of thefs Deities in Procei?on 
 
 VoL - L H
 
 98 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. r. 
 
 Sub divum rapiam. Saeva tene cum Berecynthio 
 Cornu tympana, quae fubfequitur caecus amor fui, 
 Et tollens vacuum plus nimio gloria verticem, 15 
 
 Arcanique fides prodiga, pellucidior vitro. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 they carried Bafkets alfo covered with Vine-Leaves and Ivy. 
 The following Words fub divum rapere do not mean to dif- 
 cover or open thefe Balkets, but to take them out of their 
 Chappels, and carry them in Proceflion. This will appear 
 to be the Senfe by explaining the Allegory. They, <wb 
 Jrink with Moderation, are like the Perfons, who celebrate, 
 without Trouble or Noife, fame little Feajl of Bacchus ; on the 
 contrary, They, who drink to Excefs, may be compared to ths 
 Bacchanals, luho celebrate the grand triennial Fejiwal, and at 
 thefrji Sound of the Timbrels and Cornets hurry envoy the facred 
 Ba/kets and Statues of the Gods out of their Temples, and as if 
 thty were infpired carry them to the Mountains, 'where they com- 
 mit a! I Kinds of Extravagance. DAC. 
 1 3 . Sati-a tene.} Horace in a Kind of poetical Rapture 
 fancies he beholds the God ready to give the Signal, whofe 
 Sound fhould infpire his Votaries with Madnefs. 
 
 TJbl audito Jlimulant Triet erica Baccha 
 
 Orgia. VIRC. 
 
 As the Timbrels and Cornets, which were founded in the 
 Feftivals of Bacchus, were likewife ufed in the Feafts of Cy- 
 bele, Horace calls them Berecynthian, from the Name of a 
 Mountain in Phrygia, where that Goddefs was worlhipped. 
 
 SAN. 
 
 It may not perhaps be difagreeable to (hew how two other 
 great Poets, Lucretius and Catullus, have written upon the 
 fame Subject, and defcribed thefe Feafts of Bacchus. 
 
 Tympana tentafonant palmis, ff cymbala circum 
 
 Concaiia, raucifonoque minantur cornua cantu, 
 
 Et Phrygio Jlimulat numero ca-va tibia mentes, 
 
 Telaque pr&portant <violentijignafurvris+ Luc R K T. * 
 
 The Timbrels beaten by their Hands refound, 
 And hollow Cymbals nil the Void around ; 
 The threatning Horn its hoarfer Mufic winds, 
 The Pipe with Phrygian Meafure ftings their Minds j 
 And now the Rout with Violence engage, 
 Protend their Weapons, and exprefs their Rage, D. 
 
 Lympbatf
 
 Od. 18. THE OtfES OF HORACE. 99 
 
 Oh ! flop the loud Cymbal, the Cornet's Alarms, 
 Whofe Sound, when the Bacchanal's Bofom it warms, 
 Aroufes Self-love, by Blindnefs milled, 
 And Vanity, lifting aloft the light Headj 
 And Honour, of prodigal Spirit, that fliows, 
 Tranfparent as Glafs, all the Secrets it knows. 
 
 Lympbata mente fore bant, 
 -'joe bacchantes, Emoe capita it 
 
 -Pars teffa quatiebant cufpidtTbyrfos, 
 Pars obfcurd cavis cetebrabant Qrgia /?/;, 
 Orgia, quee fruftra cupiunt avdire profani* 
 Plargebant alii proce ris -tympana palmis, 
 jlut tereti tenues tinnitus cert ciebatit, 
 
 JMu'lti raucifcnis efflabant ccrmia bombis, 
 Burbaraque horribilijlrukbat tibia cantu. 
 
 CATUI. 
 
 The fprightly Train in frantic Mirth incline 
 Their Heads infpir'd, and hail the Power divine. 
 The Rites begun, fome fhook the mylHc Rod 
 And Ivy Wreath, dread Enfign of the God. 
 Some far, far diflant from the Croud profane 
 In dark Retreats renew'd their Orgic Strain. 
 Others the Timbrels beat in Peals profound, 
 Or gently breathe the fhiiller Trumpet- Sound, 
 While Horns in hoarfe refounding Blafts confpire, 
 And barbarous Pipes affright the jarring Quire. D, 
 
 1 6. Pellutidior 'uitrs.] In Allufion to the white, tranfparent 
 Robe with which the Statues of this Goddefs were clothed; 
 {hus in another Ode albo velata panno. 
 
 H 2 ODE
 
 CARMEN XIX. De GLYCERA. 
 
 MATER faeva Cupidinum, 
 Thebanaeque jubet me Semeles puer, 
 Et lafciva Licentia 
 
 Finitis animum reddere amoribus. 
 Urit me Glycerae nitor 
 
 Splendentis Pario marmore purius : 
 Urit grata protervitas, 
 
 Et vultus nimium lubricus afpici. 
 In me tota ruens Venus 
 
 Cyprum deferuit j nee patitur Scythas, JO 
 
 Et verfis animofum equis 
 
 Parthum dicere - 3 nee quae nihil attinent, 
 
 Hk 
 
 There is fomething very pretty in the Manner with which 
 the Poet renews his Addreffes to a forfaken Miftrefs, by tell- 
 ing Her that three Deities, Venus, Bacchus, and Licentia, 
 had commanded him to love her again. 
 
 Verf. i. Mater feeva Cupidinum.~] The Cruel Mother of the 
 Loves. The Heathens were very little exa& in the Genea- 
 logy and Fables of their Gods. Plato fays there were two 
 Goddefies called Venus, one Old, the other Young. Ovid 
 calls Venus geminorum mater Amorum. Paufanias gives her 
 three Sons, Love, Pleafure, and Defire ; and in Lucian, (he 
 tells Paris, that fhe has two fine Children, Pleafure and Love. 
 
 6. Splendentis Pario.'} This Idea feems to have been taken 
 from fome ancient Statue, fo bright, as that the Eye could 
 not look upon it long and fteadily. Pliny mentions a He- 
 cate in the Temple of Diana at Ephefus, and fays, the Priefts 
 advifed the People to be cautious of looking at it too ear- 
 neftly ; fo ftrong was the Luftre of the Marble, tanta mar- 
 merit radiatio eft. SPENCE POLYMETIS. 
 
 7. Urit
 
 I 101 ) 
 
 ODE XIX. On GLYCERA. 
 
 VENUS, who gave the Cupids Birth, 
 And the refiftlefs God of Wine, 
 With the gay Power of wanton Mirth, 
 Now bid my Heart its Peace refign j 
 Again for Glycera I burn, 
 And all my long-forgotten Flames return. 
 
 As Parian Marble pure and bright 
 The mining Maid my Bofom warms ; 
 
 Her Face, too dazzling for the Sight, 
 Her fweet coquetting--- how it charms I 
 
 Whole Venus, ruming through my Veins, 
 No longer in her favourite Cyprus reigns ; 
 
 No longer fufFers me to write 
 
 Of Scythian, fierce in martial Deed, 
 
 Or Parthian urging in his Flight 
 The Battle with reverted Steed ; 
 
 Such Themes me will no more approve, 
 Nor aught that founds impertinent to Love. 
 
 Here 
 
 7. Urit grata proteryitas.] Perhaps there are not Words in 
 
 the Englifli Tongue, which can give the full Beauty of this 
 
 Expreiiion. There is a faffage not unlike it in Petronius 
 
 Arbiter ; Ocuhrum yuojuo mobi 
 
 H 3
 
 102 Q. HORATII Fj,ACCjCARMINUM Lib. I. 
 Hie vivum mihi cefpitem, hie 
 
 Verbenas, pueri, ponite, thuraque 
 -Bimi cum paterS, meri : J$ 
 
 Ma&ata veniet lenior hoftia. 
 
 CARMEH 
 
 1 5. Bim meri.'] When the Poet determines to drink a fober, 
 che'arful Bottle with Thaliarchus, He calls for four-year-old 
 Wine, that was mellowed with Age ; but in a Sacrifice to 
 Venus, the Wine hiuft be of newer and more heady Spirit, 
 as more fuitable to the Temper of the Goddefs. 
 ' 1 6. Maffata.~\ In the firft and pureft Ages of the World, 
 Fruits, Flowers, and Herbs were'offerjed in Sacrifices to the 
 Gods. 'The Romans preferved this innocent Piety only" in 
 Regard to Venus, whom they worfhipped as the God'defs 
 and Parent of Life^ Genitrix, and therefore thought it im* 
 pious to offer" her any living Vidtim. Other Nations facri- 
 ficed to her a Pidgeon, a Sow, and an Heifer. 
 1 Lenior.] The Commentators are much divided in their 
 Conjectures, whether this Epithet mould be applied to Venus 
 or Glycera. In the Beginning of 'the Ode Horace feems to 
 complain of the wanton Cruelty prutervitas of. Glycera, and 
 it is perhaps a Wifti fitter "for a Peet, that his Miftrefs mould, 
 grow kind and gratify his Paffion, than that the Gcddefs' 
 fhould coldly teach him to get the better of it.
 
 Od. ip* THE OPES OF HORACE. 
 Here lef the living Altar rife, 
 
 Adorn'd with every Herb and Flower j 
 Here flame the Incenfe to the Skies, 
 
 And pureft Wine's Libation pour; 
 Due Honours to the Goddefs paid, 
 Soft finks to willing Love the yielding Maid,
 
 ( J<H) 
 
 CARMEN XX. 
 
 VILE potabis rnodicis Sabinum 
 Gantharis, Graeca quod ego jpfe tefti 
 Conditum levi ; datus in theatre 
 
 Quum tibi plaufus, 
 
 >Clare Maecenas eques, ut paternj ^ 
 
 pluminis rjpae, fimul & jocofa 
 Redderet laudes tibi Vatican; 
 Montis imago, 
 
 Caecubam, 
 
 Whatever Pleasures Horace found in his Country-Seat, it 
 was very ill fituated for a Poet, who was by no means an 
 Enemy to a Glafs of good Wine. He therefore tells his il- 
 luftrious Gueft, who was ufed to the richeft Wines of Greece 
 and Italy, that he had none but of the Sabine Growth, and 
 feems to make the frank Confeffion, that Maecenas might 
 either be contented with what he fpund, or rather that he 
 ifteuW bring better from Jfcome. SAN 
 
 Vprf. i.Modici: cantharis.-} The Poet doth not mean, that 
 Maecenas fhalj drink out of fmall Cups, but rather that he 
 jhal] drink but kttle mediae potabit although his Cups be large. 
 Ihe Cantharus was properly the Cup of Bacchus, from 
 Whence we may believe it was not a fmall one ; and Virgil 
 pails that of Silenus gra-vis. We muft explain the Words 
 mvticn cantbaris by the <uile Sabinum, to which the beft'ln- 
 vuation was that of drinking i t foberly. Bibes cantharis ftd 
 
 v r - T} * Ancients put their Wine into earthn 
 
 Veffels and as they fent f r om Greece to Italy none but of 
 fl >n quifite Kinds, the Poet fays, he had racked his 
 
 a ^SS pn* Gredan Caflc ' ** h? ^^^ 
 
 ^ 3 ' ^'L WlK n. ths Antients f'ed their Cafes, they clofcd' 
 them wnh Wax, Pitch, Gum, or Plaifter, and a though the 
 Sa.ine \\ me was by np means worthy of fo much Cafe y t
 
 ODE XX. MAECENAS. 
 
 A Poet's Beverage, humbly cheap 
 (Should great Maecenas be my Gueft) 
 The Vintage of the Sabine Grape, 
 
 But yet in fober Cups, fhall crown the Feaft : 
 
 'Twas rack'd into a Grecian Cafk, 
 
 Its rougher Juice to melt away, 
 I feal 'd it too a pleafmg Tafk ! 
 
 With annual Joy to mark the glorious Day, 
 
 When in applatifive Shouts thy Name 
 
 Spread from the Theatre around, 
 Floating on thy own Tiber's Stream, 
 
 And Echo, playful Nymph, return'd the Sound, 
 
 From 
 
 as Maecenas at that Time had received fome remarkable 
 Applaufe in the Theatre, the Poet preferved on his VefTels 
 the Remembrance of a Day fo glorious to his Patron. This 
 little Circumilance hath in it fomething extremely delicate 
 and artful. SAN. 
 
 5. dare eques.~\ This Reading is authorifed by an antient 
 ]VIanufcript, and by one of the mil Editions. TheExpref- 
 fion is ftronger than the ufual chare eqties, and more fuitable 
 to the Pomp, with which the Poet mentions this Applaufe of 
 the Roman People. BJ-NT. 
 
 Paternifuminis.'] It feems as if Horace could not find a 
 more glorious Epithet for the Tiber than this, which calls it, 
 t.he River of Maecenas his Anceflors. They came originally 
 from Etruria, where the Tiber hath jts Source. SAN.
 
 io6 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. iJ 
 Czecubam, & praelo domitam Caleno 
 Tu bibes uvam : mea nee Falemae 18 
 
 Temperant vites, neque Formiani 
 Pocula colles. 
 
 CARMEN" 
 
 9. Ctecubam.'] Martial has given us a Character of the 
 Caecubian Wine, and a beautiful Defcription of the Vintage: 
 
 Ceecuba Fundanis generofa coquuntur j4myclis t 
 fitis Cff in nu^Ra nata falude <viret. 
 
 Lib. 13. Epigram. 115. 
 
 Caecubian Wine in fam'd Amyclae flows, 
 Amidft a Lake the blooming Vintage glows. 
 
 10. Tu biles uvam.'] The Senfe of thefe Lines, as far as 
 the Poet hath exprefled it, lies thus, My Wine is very lad, 
 however you Jkall drink the richeft Juice of the Grape, hut re- 
 member I have it not. Is not this indirectly to tell Maecenas, 
 if he intended to drink good Wine he muft bring it with 
 him ? There is the fame poetical Invitation to Torquatus in 
 the-Epiftles. SAM*
 
 Od. 20. THE ODES OF HORACE; 
 From the Caecubian Vintage preft 
 
 For you fhall flow the racy Wine ; 
 But ah ! my meagre Cup's unbleft 
 
 With the rich Formian, or Falernian Vine.
 
 108 ) 
 
 CARMEN XXII. Ad ARISTIUM FUSCUM. 
 
 T N T E G E R vitae, fcelerifque purus 
 A Non eget Mauri jaculis, neque arcu,. 
 Nee venenatis gravida fagittis, 
 
 Fufce, pharetra ; 
 
 Sive per Syrtes iter aefluofas, 5 
 
 Sive fa&urus per inhofpitalem 
 Caucafum, vel quae loca fabulofus 
 
 Lambit Hydafpes : 
 Namqueme fylva lupus in Sabina, 
 Dum meara canto Lalagen, & ultra f 
 
 Terminum curis vagor expeditis, 
 
 Fugit inermem : 
 Quale portentum neque militaris 
 Daunia in latis alit aefculetis ; 
 Nee Jubae tellus generat, leonum 15 
 
 Arida nutrix. 
 
 Pone 
 
 The Reader may find the Twenty-firft Ode in the Carmen 
 Seculare. 
 
 Although the Poet feems to have been in Love with La- 
 lage, yet he had too much Friendship for Ariftius to be his 
 Rival. He therefore begins this Ode with a Profeflion of 
 his Innocence, and Integrity of Manners, to convince Arif- 
 tius that he ought not to be jealous even while He is praifing 
 his Miftrefs. DAC. 
 
 Verf. i . Integer wt^.] The firft Caufe, to which the Poet 
 attributes his Preferva^ion, is the Innocence and Integrity 
 of his Life ; and he is of too carelefs and unaffefted a Cha- 
 rafter to be fufpe&ed of Infmcerity, whatever were his Epi- 
 curean Principles , With the worft fpeculative Opinions a 
 Man may be morally honeft and virtuous. 
 
 3 3. Venenatii
 
 ( 109 ) 
 
 
 ODE XXII. To ARISTIUS Fuscus. 
 
 TH E Man, who knows not guilty Fear, 
 Nor wants the Bow nor pointed Spear, 
 Nor needs, while innocent of Heart, 
 The Quiver teeming with the poifon'd Dart, 
 
 Whether through Lybia's burning Sands 
 His Journey leads, or Scythia's Lands, 
 Inhofpitable Wafte of Snows ! 
 Or where the fabulous Hydafpes flows : 
 
 For muling on my lovely Maid 
 While carelefs in the Woods I ftray'd, 
 A Wolf how dreadful crofs'd my Way, 
 Yet fled he fled from his defencelefs Prey : 
 
 No Beaft of fuch portentous Size 
 In warlike Daunia's Forefts lies, 
 Nor fuch the tawny Lion reigns 
 Fierce on his native Afric's thirfty Plains. 
 
 Place 
 
 3. Fenenatisfagittis.~\ The Africans were obliged to poifon 
 their Arrows, to defend them from the wild Beafts, with 
 which their Country was infefted. This Poifon was a Mix- 
 ture of Viper's and human Blood, and Pliny tslls us it was 
 incurable. DAC. 
 
 n. Curis expeditis] Lambinus fays he has taken this 
 Reading upon the Faith and Authority of all the ancient 
 Copies, except the Faernian. Torrentius, Cuningham, and 
 Sanadon have received it as a more poetical and elegant 
 Expreffion than the ufual curit exfeditus. O Quid folutis eft 
 t. CATULL,
 
 no Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINVM Lib. I, 
 
 Pone me pigris ubi nulla campis 
 
 Arbor aeftiva recreatur aura ; 
 
 Quod latus mundi nebulae, maluTque 
 
 Jupiter urget : 2<J 
 
 Pone fub curru nimium propinqul 
 Soils, in terra domibus negata $ 
 Dulce ridentem Lalagen amabo> 
 
 Dulce loquentem. 
 
 CARMEM 
 
 ...z^.DuIce riJcntem, dulce loquenteml} Thefe Words are a 
 Tranflation of two very beautiful Lines in an Ode of Sap- 
 J)ho, which is rendered into Englifh by Mr. Philips with all 
 the Spirit of the Original.
 
 Od. 22. THE ODES OF HORACE* iij 
 
 Place me, where never Summer Breeze 
 Unbinds the Glebe, or warms the Trees j 
 Where ever-lowering Clouds appear, 
 
 And angry Jove deforms th* inclement Year : 
 
 Place me beneath the burning Ray,. 
 Where rolls the rapid Car of Day j 
 Love and the Nymph mall charm my Toils, 
 The Nymph 3 who fweetly fpeaks, and fweetly fmilcs. 
 
 Onr
 
 CARMEN XXIII. 
 
 VITAS hinnuelo me fimilisi Chloe, 
 Qujerenti pavidam montibus aviis 
 Matrem, nonfine vano 
 
 Aurarum & fyliia2 metu : 
 
 Nam, feu mobilibus vepris inhorruit 
 
 Ad ventum foliis, feu virides rubum 
 Dimovere lacertae, 
 
 Et cordeg & genibus tt emit * 
 Atqui non ego te> tigris ut afpera* 
 Gaetulufve leo, frangere perfequor. 10 
 
 Tandem define matrem 
 Tempeftiva fequi viro 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 Tranflated by Dr. D u w K i N.; 
 
 Verf. 5, Vtpris inhorruit.'] The Trembling of the Leave* 
 is prettily exprefled by the Word Horrour, tnborruit ; an Ex- 
 prefiion however too bold for a Tranflation. 
 
 We have a very pretty Imitation of thefe Lines in Spencer i 
 
 Like as a Hind ' 
 
 Yet flies away of her own Feet affear'd ; 
 And every Leaf, that fhaketh with the leaf! 
 Murmur of Wind, her Terrour hath encreaft. 
 1 1 . Matrem feqiiiJ] In Greece and Italy the young Wo'meii 
 lived in the Houfe with their Mothers, nor appeared abroad 
 Until they wer married,
 
 ODE XXIII. 
 
 CH L O E flies me like a Fawn, 
 Which through fome fequefter'd Lawn 
 Panting feek's the Mother-Deer, 
 Not without a Panic Fear 
 Of the gentle-breathing Breeze, 
 And the Motion of the Trees. 
 If the curling Leaves but (hake, 
 If a Lizard ftir the Brake, 
 Frighted it begins to freeze 
 Trembling both at Heart and Knees. 
 But not like a Tyger dire, 
 Nor a Lion fraught with Ire, 
 I purfue my lovely Game 
 To deftroy thy tender Frame. 
 Hafte thee, leave thy Mother's Arms, 
 Ripe for Love are all thy Charms.
 
 ( H4) 
 
 CARMEN XXIV. 
 
 QU I S defiderio fit pudor, aut modus 
 Tarn chari capitis ? Prsecipe lugubres 
 Cantus, Melpomene, cut liquidam pater 
 
 Vocem cum cithara dedit. 
 
 Ergo Qum&ilium perpetuus fopor 5 
 
 Urget ! cui Pudor & Juftitiae foror 
 Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas, 
 
 Quando ullum inveniet parem ? 
 Multis ille quidem flebilis occidit : 
 Nulli flebilior quam tibi, Virgili. IQ 
 
 Sed fruftra pius, heu ! non ita creditum, 
 
 Pofcis Quin&ilium Decs,, 
 
 ; Quid* 
 
 There is fomething very artful, and yet very natural, in 
 the Opening of this Ode. The Defign of the Poet is to 
 comfort Virgil for the Death of their common Friend ; but 
 inftead of dire&ly oppofmg his Grief he encourages him to 
 indulge it even to Excefs. He fets the Virtues of Quin&ilius 
 in their ftrongeil Light, and joins with Virgil in his Sor- 
 rows for the JLofs of a Perfon fo extraordinary. A direft 
 Qppojition of Reafon and Comfort is an Infult to the 
 Affli&ed. We muft feem to feel their Sorrow, and make it 
 our own, before we pretend to find a Remedy for it. 
 
 Verf. 5. Ergo Quinttilium.'] Quinftilius, to whom this 
 amiable Character is given, is mentioned in the Art of Poetry 
 with all the Honour that can be given to a Critic of Sincerity 
 and Candour ; and as Virgil was in a particular manner 
 anxious for his poetical Reputation, he muft have been fen- 
 bly affiifted by the Lofs of fo valuable and ufeful a Friend. 
 
 This-
 
 ODE XXIV. fo VIRGIL. 
 
 WH Y fliould we flop the tender Tear ! 
 Why blufh to weep for one fb dear ? 
 Thou Mufe of melting Voice and Lyre, 
 Do thou the mournful Song infpire. 
 Quinailius funk to endlefs Reft, 
 With Death's eternal Sleep oppreft ! 
 Oh ! when fliall Faith, of Soul fmcere, 
 Of Juftice pure the Sifter fair, 
 And Modefty, unfpotted Maid, 
 And Truth in artleis Guife array'd, 
 Among the Race of human Kind 
 An Equal to Quinclilius find ? 
 
 How did the good, the virtuous mourn. 
 And pour their Sorrows o'er his Urn ? 
 But, Virgil, thine the loudeft Strain, 
 Yet all thy pious Grief is vain. 
 In vain do you the Gods implore 
 Thy lov'd Quinclilius to reftore, 
 Whom on far other Terms they gave, 
 By Nature fated to the Grave. 
 
 What 
 
 This Concern, this Tendernefs, the Poet hath expreffed by 
 the Word Pius, and furely our Piety may very juftly be ap- 
 plied to a fincere and tender Friendfhip, than which this 
 World hath not a greater Bleffing. Amicum ferdere eft dam* 
 norum maximum. DAC. S^N* 
 
 I 2
 
 n6 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. I. 
 
 Quid ? fi Threicio blandiiis Orpheo 
 Auditam modcrere arboribus fidem ; 
 Non vanas redeat fanguis imagini, 15 
 
 Quam virga femel horrida, 
 Non lenis preeibus fata recludere, 
 Nigro compulerit Mercurius gregi. 
 Durum : fed levius fit paticntia, 
 
 Quidquid corrigere eft nei'as. 20 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 15. Non van*.'] The Theology of the Ancients taught, 
 that when a Man. was dead, his Soul or the fpiritual Part of 
 him went to Heaven ; that his Body continued in the Earth ; 
 and his Imaj;e, or Shadow went to Hell. The Image was 
 a corporeal Part of the Soul, a Kind-of fubde Body, with 
 which it wrts clothed. Species corf area qua non poteft tangi, 
 Ji at vent us \ ir^i'i hath exprefied it, Tenuemjine corpore'vi- 
 t&n c&vafuh itiifloine fcrpxe. SAN. 
 
 19. Leviusf't.] PubiiusSirus calls Patience the Afylum of 
 AffltcUoo. Mr/eriarum ftrt'us eft patietttia, 
 
 ' 

 
 Od. 24. THE ODES OF HORACE. 117 
 
 What though you can the Lyre command, 
 
 And fweep its Tones with fofter Hand 
 
 Than Orpheus, whofe harmonious Song 
 
 Once drew the liftening Trees along, 
 
 Yet ne'er returns the vital Heat 
 
 The fhadowy Form to animate ; 
 
 For when the Ghoft-compelling God , - 
 
 Forms his black Troops with horrid Rod, 
 
 He will not, lenient to the Breath 
 
 Of Prayer, unbar the Gates of Death* 
 
 *Tis hard : but Patience muft endure, 
 
 Andfooth the Woes it cannot cure. 
 
 OPI
 
 CARMEN XXV. 
 
 PA R C I U S junclas quatiunt feneflras 
 I&ibus crebris juvenes protervi ; 
 Nee tibi fomnos adimunt, amatque 
 
 Janua limen, 
 
 Quse prius multum faciles movebat 5 
 
 Cardines. Audis minus, & minus jam, 
 ME TUO longas pereunte nocle's, 
 
 Lydia dormis ? 
 
 Invicem moechos anus arrogant 
 Flebis, in folo levis angiportu, 10 
 
 Thracio bacchante magis fub inter-. 
 
 lunia vento j 
 
 Quum 
 
 Translated by Dr. D u N K j N. 
 
 Verf. I . Parciuj juntas.] In Italy, as in Greece, the 
 young People, who went to fee their Miftreffes at Night, 
 carried with them Torches to burn their Doors, or Bars to 
 break them open, and in this Senfe the Poet hath ufed the 
 Word ^uatiunt, which was a Term for battering a Town. 
 In the 26th Ode of the third Book he confecrates to Venus 
 this Kind of midnight Arms : 
 
 Nuftc arma, defunfiumque bella 
 Barbiton hie paries habeb'it t 
 Ltsvum marin<e qui Feneris latus 
 Cujiodit. Hie, h}c fonite lucida 
 Funalia, & secies, & arcuj 
 foribus minaces. 
 
 But
 
 ODE XXV. 
 
 TH E wanton Herd of Rakes profeft, 
 Thy Windows rarely now moleft 
 With midnight Raps, or break thy Reft 
 
 With Riot. 
 
 The Door, that kindly once could move 
 The plyant Hinge, begins to love 
 Its Threfhold, and no more mail prove 
 
 Unquiet, 
 
 Now lefs and lefs aflail thine Ear 
 Thefe Plaints, " Ah fleepeft thou my Dear, 
 " While I whole'Nights thy True-love here 
 
 "Am dying?" 
 
 You in your Turn mall weep the Taunts 
 Of young and infolent Gallants, 
 In fome dark Alley's Midnight Haunts 
 
 1/ate plying : 
 
 While 
 
 But now crown'd with Conqueft I hang up my Arms, 
 And Harp, that campaign'd it in midnight Alarms ; 
 Here fix on this Wall, here my Enfigns of Wars, 
 By the Statue of Venus, my Torches and Bars, 
 And Arrows, that threaten'd, by Cupid their Liege 
 War, War on all Doors, that dare hold out a Siege. 
 
 7. ME TUO.j The Songs in thefe Serenades were by 
 the Greeks called vetfct&etwr$vf, becaufe they were fung 
 before Doors that were ftwt. 
 
 10. Le*uis.~\ Loofely and lightly drefled. 
 
 li.Thracio bacchante magis.] Vehement lus furente, flante. 
 
 Between an old and new Moon the Wind is ufually moft 
 
 I 4 tempeftuou*.
 
 120 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Quum tibi flagrans amor, & libido, 
 
 Quz foler matres furiare equorum, 
 
 Soviet circa jecur ulcerofum, 15 
 
 Non fine quefki, 
 Lzeta quod pubes hedera ylrenti 
 Gaudeat, pulla magis atque myrto ; 
 Aridas frondes hyemis fodali 
 
 Dcdicet Hebro. 20 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 tempeftuous. Interlttniorum dies tempeftatilius plenos, & na*vi- 
 gantibus quam tr.axime metuendos, non folun\ perititp rafrc, fed 
 etium I'u/gi ufus intelligtt. DAC. BENT. 
 
 19. Aridas frondes kie.tnis fodali dedicet^\ The Senie and 
 Interpretation of thefe Words depends on the two former 
 Lines. Young Men, fays the Poet, are more pleafed 'magis 
 gauder.t with -Trees which are always green, fuch as Myrtle 
 and Ivy ; but defpiie dry and withered Leaves. Myrtle is of 
 two Colours, white and black. This laft Kind is equally 
 an Emblem of Youth, as it is black when in its greatcil Vi- 
 gour, and preferveth its Colour through the Winter. BENT. 
 
 ZQ.D&dicet 'Hebro. ~\ Heber is a River of Thrace, which 
 the Antients confidered as the Habitation of Winter. From 
 thence the Crowns, which were worn in Honour of a Mif-. 
 trefs, who is now in the Winter of her Age, are here dedi- 
 cated to the Companion of that cold and cliearleir?ealon.
 
 Od. 25. THE ODES OF HORACE. 121 
 
 While raging Tempefts chill the Skies, 
 And burning Luft (fucli Luft as tries 
 The madding Dams of Horfes j fries 
 
 Thy Liver, 
 
 Our Youth, regardlefs of thy Frown, 
 Their Heads with frefher Wreaths fhall crown, 
 And fling thy wither d Garlands down 
 
 The River. 
 
 ODE
 
 ( 122 ) 
 
 CARMEN XXVL Ad MUSAM. 
 
 MUSIS amicus, triftitiam & metus 
 Tradam protervia in mare Creticum 
 Portare ventis ; quis fub Ar&o 
 
 Rex gelidze metuatur eras, 
 
 Quid Tiridaten terreat, unice 5 
 
 Securus. O quae fontibus integris 
 Gaudes, apricos nede flores, 
 Nec~te meo Lamiae coronam, 
 
 Pimplei 
 
 Vcrf. i. Mujts amiatsJ] When Poets talk with fo much 
 Rapture of their Conversation with the Mufes, none but a 
 Poet can underftand them. But we may believe (at leaft if 
 we were allowed to judge from the poetical Manner of 
 living) that Poetry can efface the Remembrance of pafl 
 Misfortunes ; foften the Anguifh of prefent Evils, and dif- 
 perfe all Appreheafion and Terrours of Futurity ; or, as 
 Horace expreffeth it, give them to the Winds and Waves. 
 
 ^uid Tiridaten.'] In the Year 719 the Parthians expelled 
 Phraates for his Cruelty, and fetTiridates upon the Throne. 
 In 724 Phraates was reftored by the Scythians; and Tiri- 
 dates, being obliged to fly, carried with him the Son of 
 Phraates to Oftavius, who was then in Syria. That Prince, 
 delighted with having the Son of the greateft Enemy of the 
 Republic in his Power, carried him to Rome, and permitted 
 Tiridates to remain in Syria ; who being impatient to re- 
 cover his Throne folicited Auguftus for Succours. In 731 
 Phraates fent an Embaffy to Rome with an Offer of reftoring 
 the Roman Eagles, which were taken in the Defeat of 
 Craffus, to Auguftus, if he would fend his Son and Tiridates 
 to him. Auguftus made the Report to the Senate, who re^ 
 mitted to Him the Decifion of the Affair. He granted the 
 Ambaffadors the firft Part of their Demand, but kept Tiri- 
 dates at Rome, and promifed to entertain him in a Manner 
 Suitable to his Dignity. 
 
 This Ode was written when the Affair was depending, and 
 judge how Tiridates muft have been alarmed, while 
 
 he
 
 ODE XXVI. To his MUSE. 
 
 WHILE in the Mufe's Friendihip bleft, 
 Nor Fears nor Grief difturb my Breaft ; 
 Bear them, ye vagrant Winds,, away, 
 And drown them in the Cretan Sea. 
 Carelefs am I, or who fhall reign 
 The Tyrant of the frozen Plain, 
 Or with what anxious Fear oppreft 
 Heaves Tiridates' panting Breaft. 
 Sweet Mufe, who lov'ft the Virgin Spring, 
 Hither thy funny Flowrets bring, 
 And let thy richeft Chaplet fhed 
 Its Fragrance round my Lamia's Head, 
 
 For 
 
 Jie was afraid of being fent to Phraates, from whom he 
 could expedl nothing but Tortures and Death. SAN. 
 
 6. O queefontibus integrisJ] There feems to be fomething 
 here imperfect in the Sentiment. Fountains and Crowns of 
 Flowers are very diftant Images, and the Poet with more 
 Juftice, both in Regard to the Senfe and Expreffion, might 
 have faid, O ye Mufes, who delight in Meadows, whofe Flower} 
 were never yet gathered, weave a Crown for my Lamia s Head. 
 .Lucretius hath ufed thefe Images with more Exadlnefs : 
 
 . Jtwat integros accederefontes 
 
 dtque haurire, juvatquejtoiios decerfere fores. 
 
 DAC. SAN. 
 
 My Mufe, tranfported while me fmgs, 
 
 3 Delights to quaff the yet untafted Springs, 
 
 And pluck the virgin Flowers. D. 
 
 Lami^fJ] TElius Lamia was a Roman Knight, whofe Cha- 
 rafter is thus drawn by Cicero : Vir fummo fplendore, fumma 
 gratia; nullo prorfus plus ho?nine delefior. DAC. 
 
 Coronam.~\ The Poets frequently call their Works Crowns, 
 which they put on the Heads of them whom they praife ; 
 and in the next Line Horace calls them Honores. This laft 
 is an Expreffion of Pindar. MURETIUS.
 
 124 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Pimplei dulcis : nil fine te mei 
 
 PofTunt honores. Hunc fidibus novis, 10 
 
 Hunc Lefbio facrare plecTro 
 Teque, tu^fque decet forores. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 10. Fidibus no<vis.~] When the Poets intended to fmg any 
 Thing extraordinary they ufed to change the Strings of their 
 Lyres. DAC. 
 
 AN A C . 
 
 Then the lovefome Lyre I ftrung, 
 And Herculean Labours fung. 
 
 However, this Changing the Strings of the Lyre feems ra- 
 ther a poetical, metaphorical Expreffion for the Change o 
 theSubjea. 
 
 Pollio y ipfefacit nova carmina.
 
 Od. 26. THE ODES OF HORACE. 125 
 
 For nought avails the Poet's Praife, 
 Unlefe the- Mufe inspire his Lays; 
 Now firing the tuneful Lyre again, 
 Let all thy Sifters raife the Strain, 
 And confecrate to deathlefs Fame 
 My lov'd, my Lamia's honour'd Name, 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN XXVII. ^/SODALES. 
 
 NA T I S in ufum Isetitiae fcyphis 
 Pugnare, Thracum eft. Tollite barbarurrt 
 Morem, verecundumque Bacchum 
 
 Sanguineis prohibete rixis. 
 
 Vino & lucernis Medus acinaces 5 
 
 Immane quantum difcrepat ! Impium, 
 Lenite clamorem, fodales, 
 
 Et cubito remanete preflb. 
 Vultis feveri me quoque fumere 
 
 Partem Falerni ? Dicat Opuntiae 13 
 
 Frater Megillse, quo beatus 
 Vulnere, qua pereat fagitta. 
 
 CefTat 
 
 Horace was at an Entertainment where aDifpute began to 
 enrlame fome of the Company already heated with Wine. 
 Inltead of endeavouring to reftore Peace by grave Advice 
 and fober Reafoning, he makes them a gay Propofal of 
 drowning all Quarrels in a Bumper. It was chearfully re- 
 ceived, and probably the Succefs of it made the Poet think 
 it worthy of being the Subjed of an Ode. SAN. 
 
 Verf. 3. Ferecundumque.'] The Commentators are greatly 
 divided about the Reading and Senfe of this Epithet, be- 
 caufe Bacchus in another Ode is called in-verecundus. But 
 we may fay, that this God feemed to have two different 
 Characters, and to be either an Encourager or an Enerny to 
 Excefs, according to the different Temper of his Worfhippers. 
 In the eighteenth Ode he is called modicus temperate, and a 
 Lover of Candour ; and as in that Ode he is offended by 
 the Intemperance of his Votaries ; as all the Vices of Wine 
 feem to be the Effe&s of his Anger, fo He is reprefented 
 here with the lame Character of Modefty and Temperance, 
 2 and
 
 ( 127 )' 
 
 ODE XXVII. fo his COMPANIONS. 
 
 WITH Glafles, made for gay Delight, 
 'Tis Thracian, favage Rage to fight. 
 With fuch intemperate, bloody Fray 
 Fright not the modeft God away. 
 Monftrous ! to fee the Dagger mine 
 Amid the chearful Joys of Wine. 
 Here bid this impious Clamour ceafe, 
 And prefs the focial Couch in Peace. 
 Say, mall I drink this heady Wine 
 Preft from the rough Falernian Vine? 
 Inftant, let yonder Youth impart 
 Th tender Story of his Heart, 
 By what dear Wound he blifsful dies, 
 And whence the gentle Arrow flies. 
 
 What 
 
 and it is impious to affront him with Noife and Quarrels. 
 In the eleventh Epode he is called inverecundus, becaufe he 
 there encourages the Poet to tell a Secret, which his Modefly 
 would have concealed. Mr. Cuningham and Mr. Sanadon 
 read wrecundi, but furely the Text leems to have been very 
 caufelefsly altered. 
 
 9. Severi Falerni'] Athenaeus tells us there were two Kinds 
 of Falernian Wine ; one, ftrong and heady ; the other, 
 fmooth and fvveet. The Poet therefore offers to drink a 
 Cup of the ftronger Kind, though he knew the Strength of 
 it, to mew at what Expence he would recover the Good- 
 humour of the Company. 
 
 ii. Megill<e, quobeatus.'] The Antients ufed to caft Lots 
 to determine the Order, in which the Guefts mould give 
 their Toafts. But Horace, that he may divert the Com- 
 pany, calls to Megilla's Brother with an Air of Pleafantry, 
 and bids him name his Miftrefs without the ufaal Forms. 
 
 BOND.
 
 128 Q.I-10RATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i* 
 Cefiat voluntas ? non alia bibam 
 Mercede. Quae te cunque dom at Venus* 
 
 Non erubefcendis adurit 15 
 
 Ignibus, ingenuoque feiripcr 
 Amorc pcccas. Quidquid habes, age, 
 Depone tutis auribus- Ah mifer, 
 Quant^ laboras in Charybdi ! 
 
 Dignepuer meliore fiamma. 20 
 
 Qure faga, quis te folvere TheJTalis 
 Magus venenis, quis poterit Deus ? 
 Vix illigatum te triformi 
 Pegafus expediat Chimaera. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 I ~ . Ingeiiuoque atnore peccas.~\ You ne<ver are in love but with 
 a Woman of Family. They, who had an Intrigue with a 
 Slave, were branded with the Name of Ancillarioli, as Men 
 of fordid and infamous Paffions. Such Paflions as the Poet 
 here calls erubefcejidi ignes . L A M B . B E N'T . 
 
 : 22. fbejjalis vMMMKi/] Venenum does not always ngnify 
 Pot/ox, and it is here ufed for the Juice of magical Herbs, 
 proper to correct the Malignity of Poifon. It is a figurative 
 Manner of Exprefiion to infmuate to Megilla's Brother, that 
 he had need of extraordinary Virtue to refift the fatal Paffion 
 in which he was engaged. SAN,
 
 Od.a;. THE ODES OF-HORACE. 129 
 
 What ! does the bafhful Boy deny ? 
 Then if I drink it let me die. T"~ 
 
 Who-e'er flie be, -a generous Flame 
 Can never know the Blum of Shame. 
 Thy Breaft no flavim Venus fires, 
 But fair, ingenuous Love infpires. 
 Then fafely whifper in my Ear, 
 For all fuch Trufts are facred here. 
 Ah ! worthy of a better Flame ! 
 Unhappy Youth ! is She the Dame ? 
 Ah lucklefs Youth ! how art Thou loft, 
 In what a Sea of Troubles toft ! 
 What Drugs, what Witchcraft, or what Charms, 
 What God can free thee from her Arms ? 
 Scarce Pegafus can difengage 
 Thy Heart from this Chimaera's Rage. 
 
 V... I.
 
 ( ISO ) 
 
 CARMEN XXVIII. NAUTA. ARCHYTA 
 UMBRA. 
 
 NAUTA. 
 
 T marls & terrae, numeroque carentis arenas 
 Menforem cohibent, Archyta, 
 Pulveris exigui prope litus parva Matinum 
 
 Munera ; nee quidquam tibi prodeft 
 Aerias tentafle domos, animoque rotundum 5 
 
 PercurrifTe polum, morituro. 
 
 ARCHYTJE UMBRA. 
 Occidit & Pelopis genitor, conviva Deorum, 
 
 Tithonufque remotus in auras, 
 t Jovis arcanis Minos admiflus. 
 
 NAUTA. 
 
 It might, perhaps, be an Amufement to read the various 
 Cor.jettures of the Commentatprs on the Occafion of this 
 Ode. Each of them advancing his own Opinion, and ex- 
 poiing that of others, in the true Spirit of gueffing, while 
 all are equally doubtful and uncertain. What appears in 
 the Ode itfelf is, that the Poet in a Dialogue between a 
 Mariner and Archytas (a great Philofopher, Aftronomer, 
 and Geometrician of Tarentum) ridicules the Doftrine of 
 Pythagoras in the Tranfmigration of Souls, and recommends 
 the Care of burying the Dead. 
 
 i Verf. z.Me-Kjbretri.'] There is a fine Ridicule in faying 
 Archytas could number the Sands of the Sea, becaufe the 
 Pythagoreans aflerted, that all Things confifted of Num- 
 bers. TORR. 
 . They called the Number Ten facred, becaufe it included 
 all other Numbers. 
 
 3. Pu/veris exigui n:unera^\ The Antients believed that the 
 Souls, whofe Bodies were left unburied, were not permitted 
 to pals over the River Styx, but wandered an hundred Years 
 on its Banks. In allufion to this Opinion, Horace fays, 
 Par-ija manera pufaeris exigui cobibent te, retinent tuam umb,-am 
 b Efyjiis campit. A little -Prelcjit of Duft detains You ; that 
 
 is, 
 I
 
 ODE XXVIII. A MARINER and the GHOST 
 
 cfARCHYTAS. 
 MARINER^ 
 
 AR C H Y T A S, what avails thy nice Survey 
 Of Ocean's countlefs Sands, of Earth and Sea ? 
 In vain thy mighty Spirit once could foar 
 To Orbs celeftial, and their Courfe explore : 
 If here, upon the tempeft-beaten Strand, 
 You lie confin'd, 'till fome more liberal Hand 
 Shall ftrow the pious Duft in funeral Rite, 
 And wing Thee to the boundlefs Realms of Light. 
 
 *' GHOST. . 
 
 Even He, who did with Gods the Banquet mare, 
 Tithonus, rais'd to breathe celeftial Air, 
 And Minos, Jove's own Counfellor of State, 
 All Thefe have yielded to the Power of Fate. 
 
 MARI- 
 
 is, You are detained from the Elyfian Fields for Want of a 
 little Prefent of Duft. We muft underftand Munera tibi def.- 
 cientia, tibi negata, quibus indiges. However fingular this 
 Manner of Expreffion may appear, yet there are Examples 
 of it in all Languages. DAC. 
 
 8. Tithonufque remotus in auras J] Archytas fays, that all 
 Mankind muft follow the common Lot of their Mortality ; 
 that Tantalus and Minos are dead, although one had enter- 
 tained the Gods at his Table, and the other had been Con- 
 fident of Jupiter. As he mentions Tithonus between them, 
 and fays, that He is dead (for occidit is equally applied tp 
 each of them) the Juftnefs of Thought requires, that fome 
 Prerogative, fome Title, which might naturally defend him 
 from the Power of Death, mould be given to Him, as well 
 as to the Others. If then we underftand remotus in auras, 
 that Tithonus had been carried by Aurora into Heaven, 
 according to the Fable, it will form fuch a Chara&er of 
 Him, as that we might expeft He fliould have been preferved 
 from Deaih, by the Favour of the Goddefs. "BsN r. 
 
 X 2
 
 132 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. il 
 NAUTA. 
 
 Habentque 
 
 Tartara Pantho'iden, iterum Oreo 10 
 
 DemifTum ; quamvis clypeo Trojana refixo 
 
 Tempora teftatus, nihil ultra 
 Nervos, atque cutem morti conceflerat atrae ; 
 
 ARCHYTJE UMBRA. 
 Judice te, non fordidus au&or 
 Naturae, verique. Sed omnes una manet nox, 15 
 
 Et calcanda femel via lethi. 
 Dant alios Furiae torvo fpe&acula Marti ; 
 
 Exitio eft avidum mare nautis. 
 Mifta fenum ac juvenum denfantur funera : nullum 
 Saeva caput Proferpina fugit. 2* 
 
 Me 
 
 9. Habentque.~\ By dividing the Dialogue to the proper 
 Speakers, we have a new Stroke of Pleafantry in the Cha- 
 radter of the Mariner. He begins infulting Archytas with 
 his unbounded Knowledge, fince all that Knowledge was to 
 end in Death. The Philofopher comforts himfelf with a 
 Refle&ion, that not only Mortals were fubjeft to the Power 
 of Fate, but even Heroes and Demi-gods, Tantalus, Ti- 
 thonus, Minos. The Mariner with much Vivacity inter- 
 rupts him, Even your (nun Pythagoras is dead, iterum orco de r 
 liujfum. Senfible of this cruel Pleafantry, and jealous, even, 
 in Death, of his great Matter's Honour, Archytas gravely 
 replies, It is true, Pythagoras was deceived in his Dodtrine 
 of Tranfmigration, yet even yon muft acknowledge him a 
 great moral and natural Philofopher. 
 
 10. IterumOrco demi//um.~\ Euphorbus was killed by Mene- 
 laus, and Pythagoras by his Fellow-Citizens, fo that Ar- 
 chytas ought now to be perfectly undeceived in his Opinion, 
 that our Bodies alone are fubjecr. to Death. 
 
 11. Clypeo refixo.~\ Figere and refigere are Terms borrowed 
 from the Roman Law. When a Law was publickly fet up, 
 and propofed to the People, They made ufe of the Word 
 Jigere; when it was taken down, They ufed the Terms 
 rtjigere legem. DAC. 
 
 14. Judice
 
 Od. 28. , THE ODES OF HORACE." 133 
 MARINER. 
 
 Even your own Sage, whofe monumental Shield, 
 Borne through the Terrours of the Trojan Field, 
 Prov'd that alone the mouldering Body dies, 
 And Souls immortal from our Ames rife, 
 Even he a fecond Time refign'd his Breath 
 Sent headlong to the gloomy Realms of Death, 
 
 GHOST. 
 
 Not meanly fldll'd, even by your own Applaufe, 
 In moral Truth, and Nature's fecret Laws. 
 
 One endlefs Night for whole Mankind remains, 
 And once we all muft tread the fhadowy Plains. 
 In horrid Pomp of War the Soldier dies j 
 The Sailor in the greedy Ocean lies ; 
 Thus Age and Youth promifcuous crowd the Tomb ; 
 No mortal Head can fhun th' impending Doom. 
 
 When 
 
 1 4. Judice te.~] As the Do&rine of Pythagoras was the 
 reigning Philofophy of Greece (which is 'the Scene of this 
 * Ode) Archytas appeals to the Judgement of this Voyager, 
 and fuppofes, that He could not be ignorant how great an 
 Author Pythagoras was both in natural and moral Philofophy. 
 Horace gives to Morality the Name of True, becaufe they, 
 who ftudy the Nature of moral Actions, and the Diilinftions 
 between Vice and Virtue, have no other Aim than Truth. 
 
 LE FEVRE. 
 
 1 8. Avidum mare.'] The common Editions, that read 
 avidis, make Archytas, againft all Rules of Decency, caufe- 
 lefsly affront this Mariner, even while he is aflcing a Favqur 
 of him. Befides, avidum appears in all the Manufcripts of 
 Torrentius and Doclor Bentley, and in fome very ancie.nt 
 Editions. It is the Reading of the Scholiaft, and a com-, 
 mon, poetical Epithet for the Sea. 
 
 20. Proferpinafugit.'] In Allufion to a Superftition of the 
 Ancients, who believed that no Perfon could die, until Pro- 
 ferpine, or Atropos had cut off a Lock of their Hair. This 
 Ceremony was confidered as a Kind of Firfi-fruits con. 
 fecrated to Pluto. TORR,
 
 j'34 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARM^UM Lib, I. 
 Me quoque devexi rapidus comes Orionis 
 
 Illyrrcis Notus obruit undis. 
 At tu, nauta, vag ne parce malignus arenae 
 
 Offibus, .& capiti inhumato 
 Particulam dare. Sic, quodcumque minabitur Eurus 25 
 
 Fluaibus Jiefperiis* V'enufmae 
 Pleclantjif fytvae, te fofpite ; multaque merces, 
 
 Unde poteft, tibi defluat aequo 
 Ab Jove, Neptunoque 'facri cuftode Tarentu 
 
 Ne^lieis i'mmeritis nocituram 36 
 
 Poftmodo te natis fraudem committere forfan. 
 
 Debitajura, vicefque fuperbae 
 Te maneant ipfum : precibus non linquar intiltis, 
 
 Teque piaciila nulla refolvent. 
 Quanquam feftinas, non eft mora longa, licebit 35 
 
 jnjeilo ter pulvere curras. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 21. DevexL"] Which declines to itsfetting. The rifing and . 
 fettingof this Conftellation are ufually attended with Storms. 
 Virgil calls it aquofum and mmbofum. TORR. 
 
 24. Offibus & capiti.'] It does not appear, that any Earth 
 had been already thrown on the Body of Archytas j there- 
 fore Scaliger has without Reafon criticifed this Paflage, as 
 fome of the Comn entators have without Neceflitv en- 
 deavoured to juftify the Poet, upon a falfe Suppofttion. SAN. 
 
 27. Pleftanturjylvre.] The Ancients believed, that the 
 Guilt and Impiety of Mankind certainly brought down the 
 Vengeance of the Gods, in Storms and Tempefts ; but that 
 their Courfe might be altered, and directed, where *:hey 
 fhould be leaft mifchevious. 
 
 30. Negligis.~] Tou do not fear to commit. Teu are carelefs in 
 tommittjng. The Manner of Expreffion is remarkable. DAC. 
 
 34. 1'cque piacula.~] PiacuJum fignifies both the Crime, and 
 the Sacrifice by which it was expiated. The Antients were 
 perfuaded, that nothing could turn away the Effects of an 
 , |mprecatlon made by a Perfon unjuftly treated. Defgi dirts 
 fktejlationibus -nemo non metuit. PUN. SAN,
 
 Od. 2$. THE ODES OF HORACE; 135 
 
 When fets Orion's Star, the Winds, that fweep 
 "The raging Waves, o'erwhelm'd me in the Deep : 
 Nor Thou, my Friend, refufe with impious Hand 
 A little' Portion of this wandering Sand 
 To thefe my poor Remains ; fo may the Storm 
 Rage o'er the Woods, nor Ocean's Face deform : 
 May gracious Jove with Wealth thy Toils repay, 
 And Neptune guard Thee through the watry Way. 
 
 Thy guiltlefs Race this bold Neglect mall mourn, 
 'And Thou malt feel the juft Returns of Scorn. 
 My Curfes mail purfue. the guilty Deed, 
 And all, in vain, thy richeft Victims bleed. 
 Whate'er thy Hafte, oh ! let my Prayer prevail, 
 Thrice ftrow the Sand, then hoift the flying Sail. 
 
 36. Injefto terpul<vere.~\ It was fufficient for all the Rites 
 of Sepulture, that Duft fhould be thrice thrown upon an 
 unburied Body. This Kind of Burial is by Quintilian called 
 tollalitiafepultura. It was an Aft of Religion fo indifpenfible, 
 that no Perfon could be excufed, and even the Pontifices, 
 who were forbidden to approach or look upon a dead Body, 
 yet were obliged to perform this Duty. Quum Pontificibus 
 nefas effet cadaver -videre, tamen magis nefas <vifum fuerit, Jt 
 infepultum relinqiterent. Servius on the fixth Book of the 
 jffineid. Thus among the Jews the High Prieft was forbidden 
 to approach the Corps even of his Father or Mother, and 
 yet he was obliged to inter any dead Body, which he found 
 in the Road. TORR. DAC, 
 
 K 4 ODE
 
 , CARMEN XXIX. Ad ICCIUM. 
 
 1C C I, beatis nunc Arabum invides 
 Gazis, & acrem militiam paras 
 Non ante devi&is Sabaeae 
 
 Regibus, horribilique Medo 
 
 Neftis catenas ? Quae tibi virginum, * !>;;/ 
 
 Sponfo necato, barbara ferviet ? 
 Puer quis ex aula capillis 
 
 Ad cyathum ftatuetur untis, 
 Do&us fagittas tendere Sericas ' 
 
 Arcu paterno ? quis neget arduis j'O 
 
 Pronos relabi pofTe rivo9 
 
 Montibus, ac Tiberim reverti $ 
 
 Quurn 
 
 In the Year 729 Auguftus fent an Army againft the Ara- 
 bians. The Expedition was ynfuccefsful by an unufual Sick- 
 nefs among the Soldiers. Horace, with a good deal of 
 Pleaiantry, ridicules iccius for leaving the quiet and eafy 
 Study of Philoiophy to purfue the Dangers and Fatigues of 
 War, while he fuppcfes him to ireditate fome mighty Proofs 
 of his Courage, and to fubdue ail Arabia in his firft Cam- 
 
 F T> SAN ' 
 
 mr ^ l n ls ^ rabum "*"'] Strabo, who accompanied 
 ^lius Callus in this Expedition, fays he was fent by Auguftus 
 againft the Sabsans, becaufe that Prince had heard they 
 were a People rich in Gold, Silver, and Spices. Perhaps 
 the Poet intended this Strojce of Satire on the Avarice of 
 Auguftus, which was his fole Motive to undertake that War, 
 although he hath artfully and Ids dangeroufly applied it to 
 Iccius. JugufiutMliumGallurninSa&ot^ \uod au^ret 
 tx mm tenure dititfmos efe, q ui & aur0 , & argento, & 
 jretiofis lapdus aromata permutarent. SAN.
 
 f ( 137 ) 
 
 ODE XXIX. To Ice i us. 
 
 GA N S T Thou with envious Eye behold - 
 The bleft Arabia's treafur'd Gold ? 
 Will kcius boldly take- the Field; 
 And teach Sabaea's Kings to yidd ? 
 Or meditate the dreadful Mede 
 In Chains triumphantly to lead ? 
 
 Should You her haplefs Lover flay, 
 What captive Maid lhall own thy Sway ? 
 What courtly Youth with effenc'd Hair- 
 Shall at thy Board the Goblet bear, 
 Skilful with his great Father's Art 
 To wing with Death ihe pointed Dart ? 
 
 Who fhall deny, that Streams afcend, 
 And Tiber's Currents backward bend, 
 
 While 
 
 3. Nan ante deviflis.] We can underftand thefe Words only 
 of that Part of Arabia called Sab<ea, for the Romans had 
 carried their Arms into other Parts of that Country under 
 feveral different Generals. DAC. 
 
 5. Neflis catenis.~] The Poet alludes to a Cuftom among 
 the Roman Soldiers of carrying with them to Battle, Chains 
 and Ropes, to tie their Prifoners. He hath railed the Ter- 
 rour of the Medes by this Epithet of Horribilis, while he 
 laughs at the Vanity of Iccius, who propofed to conquer thole 
 Enemies of the Republic, although all his Warfare feems to 
 end in getting fome young Maiden to wait on Him (as 
 Heroes of old had Princeffes) or fome young Man to be 
 his Cup-bearer. DAC. SAN. 
 
 10. >uis neget.'] Erafmus thinks this a proverbial Ex- 
 preflion, taken from the Greeks, who faid that the Stream 
 rofe againft its Fountain, when any Thing feemed to con- 
 tradict the common Courfe of Nature.
 
 138 Q^HORATII JFtAcci CARMINUM Lib. j; 
 
 Quum tu coemtos undique nobiles 
 Libros Panasti, Socraticam & domum 
 Mutate -loricis Iberis, 
 
 PoUicitus meliora, tendis ? . 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 13. Quumtu coemtos.'} For a laft Stroke of Pleafantry, 
 Horace reprefents the Metamorphoiis of this Scholar into a 
 Warrior, and brings him out of his philofophical Cabinet 
 in the terrible Equipage of a Soldier. SAK. 
 
 14. Socraticam domum] Horace calls the Sect of Socrates 
 Socraticam domum ; thus the Schools of ajl the Philofophers, 
 fuch as Plato, "Xenophon, and other Academicians, were 
 called />//*>. DAC. 
 
 bjj;ji : : ,. :di iiispU rfJr/r gniw oT
 
 Od. 29. THE ODES OF HORACE. 139 
 
 While you have all our Hopes betray'd 5 
 
 You, that far other Promife made j 
 
 When all thy Volumes, learned Store ! 
 
 The Treafures of Socratlc Lore, 
 
 Once bought at mighty Price, in vain, 
 
 Are fent to purchafe Arms in Spain ? 
 
 OD*
 
 CARMEN XXX. Ad VENEREM. 
 
 O VENUS, regina Cnidi, Paphfque, 
 Sperne dile&am Cypron, & vocantis 
 Thure te multo Glycerae decoram 
 
 Transfer in aedem. 
 
 Fervidus tecum Puer, & folutis 5 
 
 Gratiae zonis, properentque Nymphae, 
 t parum comis fine te Juventas, 
 Mercuriufoue. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 The Verification and Images of this little Ode are beautiful 
 and harmonious ; nor is it poflible to have given Venus a 
 more gallant, as well as modeft Retinue. We may con- 
 je&ure, not without Probability, that it was written when 
 Horace was about fix and forty Years of Age. SAN. 
 
 Verf. 4. In <fd;m.~] The Commentators difpute with a 
 great deal of Learning, whether Glycera invites theGoddefs 
 to her own Houfe. or to a Chapel particularly dedicated to 
 her ; and although the Debate be of fuch Importance, it is 
 not yet decided. 
 
 5. Solutis Gratis zonis.] The Graces were the moft amiable 
 Divinities of the Heathen Mythology. They prefided over 
 Benefits, and the Gratitude due to them ; they beftowed Li- 
 berality, Wifdom and Eloquence ; they difpenfed that Gaiety 
 of Humour, that Eafmefs of Manners, and all thofe amiable 
 Qualities, which render Society delightful and pleafurable. 
 They alone could give that certain Happinefs of Manner, 
 which we all can underftand, yet no one is able to exprefs ; 
 which often fupplies the Place of real Merit, and without 
 which Merit itfelf is imperfecl. To temper the Vivacity of 
 Cupid, the Graces are here made his Companions, and ap- 
 pear with their Garments flowing and ungirded, to mow 
 that the Feftival mould be celebrated with the greateft Mo- 
 defty and Difcretion. SAN. 
 
 7. Juvenfas.
 
 ODE XXX. To VENUS. 
 
 QUEEN of Beauty, Queen of Smiles, 
 ' Leave, oh ! leave thy favourite Ifles : 
 A Temple" rifes to thy Fame, 
 Where Glycera invokes thy Name, 
 And bids the fragrant Incenfe flame. 
 
 With Thee bring thy love-warm Son, 
 The Graces bring with flowing Zone, 
 ' /he Nymphs, and jocund Mercury, v *1 
 
 And fmiling Youth, who without Thee > 
 
 Is nought but favage Liberty. J 
 
 ODE 
 
 7. Juventas."] Young People, who behaved themfelves 
 indecently, were turned out of this Feftival ; but the Poet 
 means, in general, that Youth is favage and rude, if it be 
 aotfoftned and refined by Love. SAN. 
 
 8. Mercurii'tfque.'] As Mercury was the God of Eloquence 
 and Wit, he was a Companion very fit to enliven the Gaiety 
 of fuch a Converfation. DAC. 
 
 Plutarch tells us Mercury was ufually placed next to Ve- 
 .jws, becaufe the Pleafures of Love confift chiefly in Con* 
 verfation.
 
 ( '42 ) 
 
 CARMEN XXXI. ^/ APOLLINEM. 
 
 QUID dedicatum pofcit Apollinem 
 Vates ? quid orat, de patera novum 
 Fundens liquorem ? non opimas 
 
 Sardiniae fegetes feracis : 
 
 Non zeftuofae grata Calabriae 
 
 Armenta : non aurum, aut ebur Indicum : 
 Non rura, quae Liris quieta 
 
 Mordet aqua, taciturnus amnis. 
 Premant Calenam fake, quibus dedit 
 Fortuna, vitem ; dives & aureis IO 
 
 Mercator exficcet culullis 
 Vina Syra reparata merce, 
 
 Di$ 
 
 We have in this Ode a Fund of Morality fufficient to prove 
 the Vanity of our Defires, and the Worthleffnefs of what 
 we ufually call Bufmefs. Reafon and Nature know but few 
 Neceffities, while Avarice and Ambition are for ever find- 
 
 ig out imaginary Wants. 
 In the Year 726 Odlj 
 
 tavius dedicated to Apollo a Library 
 and Temple in his Palace on Mount Palatine, which having 
 been ftruck with Lightning the Augurs faid the God de- 
 manded, that it mould be confecrated to him. Horace was 
 then thirty-nine Years old. SAN. 
 
 Verf. i. Dedicatunt Apollinem.'] Mr Dacier fancies there 
 is fomething particularly noble in the Opening of this Ode, 
 
 by
 
 143 ) 
 
 ' ' - 
 
 ODE XXXI. fo APOLLO. 
 
 WHEN at Apollo's hallow'd Shrine 
 The Poet hails the Power divine, 
 What is the Bleffing he implores 
 While he the firft Libation pours ? 
 He nor defires the fwelling Grain, 
 That yellows o'er Sardinia's Plain ; 
 Nor the fair Herds that lowing feed 
 On warm Calabria's flowery Mead ; 
 Nor Ivory of fpotlefs Shine, 
 Nor Gold forth-flaming from its Mine ; 
 Nor the rich Fields, that Liris laves, 
 And eats away with filent Waves. 
 
 Let others quaff the racy Wine 
 To whom kind Fortune gives the Vine ; 
 
 The 
 
 by fuppofmg that Apollo fpeaks to the Poet, and afks him 
 what Requeit he hath to make to Him on this iblemn Oc- 
 cafion. 
 
 z. Novum liquorem.] Wine, which was now the firft Time 
 poured out in Libations made in this new Temple. Vinum, 
 per quod nova injlaurabatur precatio. ANCIENT SCHOLIAST. 
 
 9. Calenam fake I'item.] Dr. Bentley hath lufficiently 
 fhewed the Neceffity of this Correaion, and Mr. Cuninghain 
 has received it into the Text. The Expreffion ii more na- 
 tural, and the Epithet better placed.
 
 144 Q^HORATII FLACCI CAR.MINUM Lib. I. 
 
 Dis carus ipfis, quippe ter, & quater 
 Anno revifens aequor Atlanticum 
 
 Impune. Me pafcunt olivas, 15 
 
 Me cichorea, levefque malvae. 
 Frui paratis & valido mihi, 
 Latoe, dones; ac, precor, Integra 
 Cum mente, nee turpem feneclam 
 Degere, nee cithara carentem. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 15. Me pafcunt.] When the Poet hath defcribed a Croud 
 of V'otaries, who fatigue the God with their Petitions, he 
 now prefers his own Prayer, in which his- Wifhes are bounded 
 by good Senfe and Modefty. He leaves to others the Views 
 of an imaginary Happinefs, and wifely afks for the real 
 Bleflings, which he is capable of enjoying. O ye Gods, 
 fays a wife Heathen, deny us what we afk, if it mall be 
 hurtful to us, and grant us whatever ftiall be profitable for us, 
 even though we do not afk it. 
 
 1 6. Lews Mal--v#.'] Eafy of Digeftion, and which lighten 
 the Stomach. BOND. 
 
 19. Nee turfemfeneftam .] An honourable old Age is a 
 Proof that our Youth was fpent in the Praftice of Virtue. 
 The Conftruftion of the Words is remarkable, degere fe- 
 tieclam non turpem. As in Virsil, where he fpeaks of the 
 Horfe, 
 
 Aide domo, nee turpi ignofce fene8<g ; ^. 
 
 We muft conftrue it, 
 
 Abde domo, & ignofce ftnctttf non turpi. DAC.
 
 fed. qt. THE ODE* er HORACE. 
 
 The Golden Goblet let Him drain, 
 Who venturous plows th' Atlantic Main, 
 Bleft with thret fafe Returns a Year, 
 For He to every God is dear. 
 
 To me boon Nature frankly yields 
 Her wholefome Sallad from the Fields > 
 Nor aflc I more than Senfe and Health 
 Still to enjoy my prefent Wealth. 
 From Age and all its Weaknefs free, 
 O Son of Jove, preferv'd by Thee, 
 Give me to ftrike the tuneful Lyre, 
 And Thou my lateft Sonj infpire. 
 
 VOL. I.
 
 ( 146 ) 
 
 CARMEN XXXII. Ad LYRAM. 
 
 POSCIMUR. Si quid vacui fub umbra 
 Lufimus tecum, quod & hunc in annum 
 Vivat, & plures, age, die Latinum, 
 
 Barbite, carmen ; 
 
 Lefbio primum modulate civi ; 5 
 
 Qui ferox bello, tamen inter arma, 
 Sive jaclatam religarat udo 
 Litore navim \ 
 
 Liberum, 
 
 Auguftus commanded Horace to write the Carmen Seculara. 
 Horatio feat/are carmen componcndum Augujlus injunxit. SUET. 
 The Poet, juftly fenfible of an Honour, which declared him 
 the firft Lyric Poet of his Age, in this Ode invokes his Lyre 
 to infpire him with fomething worthy of fuch a Mark of 
 Diftindion, and which might deferve the Care and Regard 
 of Pofterity, >u(id & bunc in annum vi-vat & plures, 
 
 HAMELIUS. SAN. 
 
 Tt is true, this is only a Conjecture, and incapable of 
 Proof j yet it throws a particular Beauty over the Ode ; and 
 we mail find, in the following Remarks, that it does not- 
 want Probability. 
 
 Verf. i . Pofcim:ir.~\ Lambinus fays, that this Reading ap- 
 pears in almoft all the Manufcripts. Doctor Bentley affirms 
 the contrary. IVIr. Dacier afiiires us, although we read 
 Pofamur we muft conftrue it in an Active Senfe, and that all 
 Authors have Initances of this Kind. This Aflertion re- 
 quires fome Proof. Mr. Sanadon has taken fome Quotations 
 from Doftor Bentley, in which the Verb pofcor nuift necefTarily 
 be underftood in a Paffive Senfe. and then concludes that 
 Horace might have ufed it in the fame Manner. Torren- 
 tius thinks pofdmus too bold for a poetical Petition to his 
 Lyre. 
 
 Such are too frequently the Differences among Commen- 
 tators, not in Opinion only, but in their Aflertion of FaK 
 If we receive the prefcnt Reading, we may obferve a Viva- 
 city
 
 ( 147 ) 
 
 XXXII. '--ft & 
 
 IF beneath the carelefs Shade, 
 Harmonious Lyre, with Thee IVe play'd, 
 : : Cefar's Voice obedient hear 
 And for more than many a Year 
 Now the Roman Mureinfpire, 
 And Warm the Song with Grecian Fife } 
 
 Such as when Alosus fung, 
 Who fierce in War thy Mufic ftrung-, 
 
 When he heard the Battle roar, 
 Or almoft fliipwredc'd reach'd th^ Shore* 
 
 Wine 
 
 tity .and Quicknefs in the Expreffion, that (hews with how 
 much Pleaftire the Poet obeys the Command of Auguftus. 
 
 2. Quod y bunt in dnnt<m^\ There is a pretty Oppofition 
 between the folemn fivfpiration, which the Poet now de- 
 mands for a Work that is to jive to Pofterity, and all thofe 
 idle Songs, which were only an Amufeinent of his gayer 
 Hours. SAN. 
 
 The Ancirnts ufed the Words ludere and lufiis for V erics 
 -made upon little, trilling, or amorous Subjects ; and the 
 Greeks c;d!jd inch kind of Writers 7r<wj*i>fapsj, Writers of 
 Sports or Plays. 
 
 5. LtflHo primum.] In this great Defign of the Carmen fe- 
 fu/are Horace proposes to liiniielf an imitation of Alcasus, 
 and feern;; to give Him the Glory of inventing Lyric Poetry, 
 becauft: he excelled all his PrcdecefTon, in that Kind of Com- 
 pofttion. SAN. 
 
 The Fragments which we ftill have of Alca^us, are ani- 
 mated with a Spirit of Grand(,M;r and -Courage that mews 
 him equally formed for War and Poetry. He was the, 
 Ten our of Tyrants, and all Opprefibrs of public Liberty - f 
 from whence his minaces Cat/iena.' in the fourth Book. His 
 Superiority to Sappho, when they are represented iinging to 
 tLe Ghoih of th Departed, is finely imagined. 
 
 L 2
 
 148 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 Liberum, & Mufas, Veneremque, & illi 
 Semper hasrentem Puerum canebat, IO 
 
 EtLycum, nigris oculis, nigroque 
 
 Crine decorum. 
 
 O decus Phoebi, & dapibus fupremi 
 Grata teftudo Jovis, 6 laborum 
 Dulce lenimen, mihi cunque falve 15 
 
 Rite vocanti. 
 
 C A R- 
 
 Utrumque facro digna filentio 
 Mirantur umbr<e dicere ; fed maglt 
 Pugnas, Cff exaflo; tyrannos 
 
 Denfum humeris bibitaure vulgui. Lib. 2. Ode 1 3. 
 
 Thus when They ftrike the golden Lyre 
 The Ghofts the folemn Sounds admire ; 
 But when Alcseus lifts the Strain 
 To Kings expell 'd, and Tyrants flain, 
 In thicker Crouds the fhadowy Throng 
 Drink deeper down the martial Song. 
 
 7. Religarat.~\ This Verb has two Significations entirely 
 oppofite, and which may be conftrued either to fet Sail, or 
 to cajl Anchor. The Senfe here muft determine us to the 
 latter Meaning of the Word, as the Poet oppoles the Noife 
 and Tumult of Battle to the Calm and Repofe after a Storm. 
 
 SAN. 
 
 1 1 . Lycum nigris oculis."] Black Eyes and black Hair were 
 Beauties among the Greeks and Romans. Anacreon de- 
 fires, that his favourite Miftrefs may be painted with black 
 Hair, and Catullus tells a Girl {he is nothandlbme, becaufc 
 Ihe has not black Eyes. 
 
 13.0 decus Pha:bi.~] The Hymn fung at the fecular Games, 
 tyas confecrated to the tutelar Divinities of the Roman Em- 
 pire, from whence the Poet invokes a Lyre that was the 
 Glory of Apollo, and the Delight of Jupiter in his Feafts. 
 
 SAN.
 
 Ode 32. THE ODES OF HORACE, 149 
 
 Wine and the Mufes were his Theme, 
 And Venus, Laughter-loving Dame, 
 
 With Cupid, ever by her Side, 
 And Lycus, form'd in Beauty's Pride, 
 
 With his Hair of jetty Dye, 
 And the black Luftre of his Eye. 
 
 Charming Shell, Apollo's Love, 
 How pleafing to the Feafts of Jove ! 
 
 Hear thy Poet's folemn Prayer, 
 Thou Softner of each anxious Care. 
 
 1 6. Rife.'] This was a religious Term, which marked the 
 Ceremonies prefcribed for all exterior Wormip of the Gods. 
 The ufmg it here in a folemn Invocation of the Lyre may 
 open to us the Defign of the Ode, and we may find it twice 
 ufed in the Carmen teculuie in the fume Senle. SAN. 
 
 L 3 ODE
 
 ( i0) ' 
 
 CARMEN XXXIII. ^/ALBIUM TIBULLUM. 
 
 AL B I, nc doleas plus nimio, memor 
 Immitis (plycerae, neu miferabileg 
 Decantes elegos, cur tibl junior 
 
 Laesa praeniteat fide. 
 
 Infignem tenui fronte Lycoricfa 5 
 
 Cyri torret amor : Cyrus in afperaiH 
 Declinat Pholocn ; fed priiis Appulis 
 Jungentur capreze lupis, 
 
 Quara 
 
 Mr_. Dacier, by a Mi'lake, which runs through his whole 
 Tranflation, aflbrts that Tibullus was but twenty four Years 
 pf Age when this Ode WKS written, and that confequently 
 the Epithet ^junior muft be understood a ne*w Lower, not a. 
 younger. Frprn the fame Mi Irak e He tells us, that Tibullus, 
 having ruined his Fortune in 'idle and vicious Pleafures, was 
 obliged to retire to his Country-Seat, to avoid the Purfuit- 
 of his' Creditors. 
 
 That amiable Character, which Horace gives him in the 
 Rpiftle, Albi, fermonum no finnan candidc judcx, might at leaft 
 have taught the Critic a little more Caution: And although 
 it may hot be eafy to fix the Year of the Poet's Birth, yet we 
 jnay conjecture, with great Probability, that He was born. 
 about fix hundred and ninety. An ancient Life of this Poet 
 fays He was honoured with fome military Rewards for his 
 Merit in the War of Aqu.itains, when by Mr. Dacier's Ac- 
 count He could be only fifteen Years of Age ; as, by the 
 (ame Account, He was only twelve Years old at the Battle 
 
 of
 
 J ODE XXXIII. 70 ALBIUS TIBULLUS, 
 
 NO more in Elegiac Strain 
 Of cruel Glycera complain, 
 Though flie refign her faithlefs Charms 
 To a new Lover's younger Arms. 
 The Maid, for lovely Forehead fam'd, 
 With Cyrus* Beauties is enflam'd ; 
 While Pholoe, of haughty Charms, 
 The panting Breaft of Cyrus warms ; 
 But Wolves and Goats (hall fooner prove 
 The Pleafures of forbidden Love, 
 
 Than 
 
 of Aclium. He had early engaged Himfclf in the Canfe of 
 Liberty, and continued in that unfortunate Party with great 
 Hrmnefs, for which hjs Fortune wa,, by Auguttus divided 
 among his Soldiers. Thus the Critic, by a Train of Mil- 
 takes, not only mifleads his Readers, bat has injurioufiy 
 treated an amiable and virtuous Character. 
 
 Verf. 5. Tenui front '*.] The Greeks and Latins thought a 
 low Forehead a great Beauty. From /-rei'is atque modus bre- 
 viterjit varibus uncis. MART. And Petronius in the Defcrip- 
 tion of Circe Front minima. This Taite \vas fo general, as 
 that thtr Ladies ufed to hide Part of their Foreheads with 
 Bandages, which Arnobius calls nimlos. linminnercnt frames 
 nimbis, JP-^<^
 
 152 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i, 
 Quam turpi Pholoe peccet adultero. 
 Sic vifum Veneri, cui placet impare^ ip 
 
 Fbrmas, atque animos fub juga aenea 
 
 Saevp mittere cum joco. 
 Ipfum me melior quum pqteret VcnuSj 
 Grata detinuit compede Myrtale 
 Libertina, freds acrior Adriae 
 
 Cun'antis Calabros (inus. 
 
 CARMJSN 
 
 lo. Sic vifum Ver.eriJ] Sen'ius remarks upon a PafTa^e in 
 Vifgil, that when the Ancients could not perceive the Reafon 
 pr Juffice of any extraordinary Action, They u fed to account 
 'for it, by faying it was the Will of the Gods. This Accp- 
 fation or" the Gods has a kind cif Refpeft in it, which can 
 lone preferve it from being blafphemous.
 
 Od. 33. THE ODES OF HORACE. 155 
 
 Than (he her Virgin Honour ftain, 
 "And not the filthy Rake difdain. 
 
 So Venus wills, whofe Power controujs 
 The fpnd Affe&jons of our Souls j 
 With fportive Cruelty fhe binds 
 Unequal Fprrns, unequal Minds. 
 Thus, when a better Miftrefs firove 
 To warm my youthful Breaft to Love, 
 Yet could a Slave-born Maid detain 
 My willing Heart in pleafing Chain, 
 Though fiercer She, than Waves that roar 
 Winding the rpugh Calabrian Shore. 
 
 ODE
 
 ( 154 ) 
 
 CARMEN XXXIV. 
 
 PARCUS Deorum cultor, & infrequent, 
 Infanientis dum fapientire 
 Confultus erro ; nunc retrorfum 
 Vela dare, atque iterare curfus 
 
 Cogor 
 
 Tranflated by Dr. D u N K i N. 
 
 The Commentators are much divided about the Defign 
 and Intention of this Ode ; whether the Poet hath made a 
 fmcere Recantation of the Epicurean Philosophy, or whether 
 He laughs at the Stoics by a pretended Converfion to their 
 Doclrine. The lait Opinion is fupported by the following 
 Reafons. 
 
 If Horace really abjured the Seel: of Epicurus, it muft have 
 been in the lait ten Years of,, his Life, as appears by the 
 fourth Epiftle of the firft Book ; and as it was a frequent 
 Argument againlt Atheifts, that although Clouds are naturally 
 the Caufe of Thunder, yet it is fometim.es heard in a clear 
 Sky, Horace muft have early known an Inftance of this 
 Kind of Reafoning, as well as the btoical Conclusion drawn 
 from it. But, befides the Weaknefs of the Reafon which 
 he gives for changing his religious Principles, it is a little 
 extraordinary, that we mould not have any other the leait 
 Proof of this Converfion in hi;; whole Works. 
 
 Verf. i. Parcus Deorum cultor.'] The Epicureans only con- 
 formed to the outward Ceremonies of. religious Worfhip, 
 which They thought the Credulity of the People had efta- 
 blifhed. This Superficial kind of Devotion the Poet hath 
 exprefled by the Word parcus. S 
 
 Infrequent^ There is in this Epithet a remarkable Beauty, 
 which the Tranflation hath endeavoured to preferve. It is a 
 Metaphor taken from a Soldier, who deferts from his Co- 
 lours. Infrequent appellabatur miles qui abeft, abfuitve a 
 fignii. 
 
 3 2. la
 
 ( 155 ) 
 
 - 
 
 ODE XXXIV, 
 
 A Fugitive from Heaven and Prayeiy 
 .x"~Y- I mocjc'd at all religious Fear, 
 
 Deep-fcienced in the mazy Lore 
 Of mad Philofophy ; but now 
 Hoift Sail, and back my Voyage plow 
 
 To that bleft Harbpur, which I left before. 
 
 For 
 
 2. Infan'ientls fapitnti<e.~\ Wifiom in the very Ati of running 
 mnd. According to the Stoics the Syftem. of Epicurus was 
 Folly and Madnefs : According to the Epicureans it deferred 
 the Title of Wifdom. Horace hath pleafantly put thcfe two 
 Words together, which fcem naturally to deftroy each other, 
 and, with an Equivocation, that keeps the Reader in Suf- 
 pence, makes ufe of the Word Safrientite, which either 
 fignines Wifdom or Philofophy. An Epicurean may under- 
 Itand it in the nrft Senfe, and a Stoic in the fecond. SA:J. 
 
 4. Iterare turfus rekcioi.~\ This metaphorical Expreffion is 
 taken from a Traveller, who hath miftaken one Road for 
 another, and returns immediately to the Spot from whence 
 his Wandering began. Rslefios curfut iff rare, is, relsgendo 
 curfus iterare. 
 
 Utque ope I'irgitiea niiili$ iterate priorunt 
 
 Janua difficilis filo e/I inventa releclo. OVID. METAM. 
 
 Curfus rditlus is not Latin ; Heinfms, Dr. Bentley and Mr. 
 Sanadon aflure us, that \ve may fay curfum intennitiere, curfum 
 dcjinere, but never curfum relinquere; that it is a manner of 
 fpeaking abfolutely improper and without Example ; and 
 that if we receive the ufual Reading, we are obliged to 
 prove that Horace had been once a Stoic, and had foilaken 
 the Doctrines of that Philofophy. to which He now returns.
 
 156 Q^HORATII FLACClCARMINUM Lib. I. 
 Cogor rele&os ; namque Diefpiter $ 
 
 Igni corufco nubila dividens 
 
 Plerumque, per purum tonantes 
 
 Egit equos, volucremque currum ; 
 Quo bruta tellus, & vaga flumina, 
 Quo Styx, & invifi horrida Tsenari " ^ IO 
 
 Sedes, Atlanteufque finis, 
 
 Concutitur. Valet ima fummis 
 Mutare, & infignem attenuat Deus, 
 Obfcura promens : hinc apicem rapax 
 
 Fortuna cum ftridore acuto *5 
 
 Suftulit, hie pofuiffe gaudet. . 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 c. Namque Diefpiter.'] A Stoic might fuppofe, that the 
 Strength of his Convidlion furnimed the Poet with Images 
 fo noble, with Cadences fo pompous, and Expreffions fo 
 animated. Yet the Weaknefs of the fingle Reafon, which 
 he gives for his Converfion, may juftly make us fufpeft, that 
 He hath raifed thefe Strophes with fo much Magnificence, 
 only to impofe upon the Stoics by an affeded Recantation 
 of his Epicurean Errours. 
 
 Diefpiter fignifies Die* pate); as Jupiter is put for TON* 
 pater, and Marjpiter for Mars pater. SAN. 
 
 7. Plerumqueper purum] I who was formerly an Epicurean, 
 am now obliged to ccnfefs the Being of a God; for 7 lately heard 
 the Thunder rolling in a clear, unclouded Sky, per purum, which 
 itfually, plerumque, proceeds from natural Caufes, when the 
 Firmament is covered with Clouds. By placing a Comma after 
 thrumciuc, the ienfe and Connexion are plain. 
 
 BANGIUS. BENT. 
 
 12. Valet ima fummis. ] The Poet here throws off theMaflc 
 of Stoicifm, and appears an open, undifguifed Epicurean. 
 He acknowledges the Being of the Gods, and owns their 
 Power, but for fear of giving too much Trouble to their 
 Indolence, He abandons all Events to Fortune, whofe good 
 Plcafure and fovereign Authority govern all things here be- 
 low. DAC. SAN. 
 
 A Writer of critical Obfervations on Shakefpear write* 
 thus : When Horace was at Athens he imbibed the Principles 
 of the Stoic Philofophy : At the breaking out of the Civil 
 Wars hejoinedhimielf to Brutus, who gave him the Com- 
 mand
 
 Od. 34. THE ODES OF HORACE. 157 
 
 For lo ! that awful heavenly Sire, 
 
 Who frequent cleaves the Clouds with Fire, 
 
 Parent of Day, immortal Jove ! 
 Late through the floating Fields of Air, 
 The Face of Heaven ferene and fair, 
 
 His thundering Steeds and winged Chariot droVe 5 
 
 When, at the burfting of his Flames, 
 The ponderous Earth and vagrant Streams, 
 
 Infernal Styx, the dire Abode 
 Of hateful Tznarus profound, 
 And Adas to his utrnoft Bound, 
 
 Trembled beneath the Terrours of the God. 
 
 The Hand of Jove can crufh the Proud 
 Down to the meaneft of the Croud, 
 
 And raife the loweft in his ftead ; 
 But rapid Fortune pulls him down, 
 And fnatches his imperial Crown, 
 
 To place, not fix it, on another's Head. 
 
 ODE 
 
 mand of a Roman Legion. His Fortune being ruined, he 
 went to the Court of Auguftus, turned Rake, Atheift, and 
 Poet. Afterwards he grew fober, and a Stoic Philofopher 
 again. 
 
 Where this Gentleman's critical Sagacity hath found thefe 
 curious Anecdotes of our Poet's Religion, is perhaps im- 
 poffible to know. The World hath long enjoyed the good- 
 natured Opinion, that he was an honeft Man, and, as he 
 exprefles it, a Friend to Virtue and her Friends. With 
 regard to his Religion, it is little lefs than an Outrage to 
 human Reafon to think him an Atheift. 
 
 1 4. Obfcura.~\ The Critics agree that Horace, in Purity of 
 Style, fhould have written obfcurum after inftgnem. Doftor 
 Bentley reads injigne, and Mr. Sanadon thinks it one of the 
 happiefl Corrections in Mr. Cuningham, that he hath fet 
 inJigniLi in grammatical Opposition to obfcura. If the Reader 
 appiove of this laft Correction, he muft allow the poetical 
 Licence of making Injignia three Syllables, of which there 
 axe fcveral Inftances in the Poets.
 
 ( 
 
 I ,;ini t \&*.': 
 
 CARMEN XXXV* ./&/ FORTUNAM. 
 
 . 
 
 Diva, gratttm quae regis Antium/ 
 Praefens vel imo tollere de gradu 
 Mortale corpus, vel fuperbos 
 
 Vertere funeribus triumphos : 
 
 Te pauper ambit folicita prece | 
 
 Ruris colonus : te dominam aequorbj 
 Quicumqtie Bithyna laceflit 
 
 Carpathium pelagus carina : 
 Te Dacus afper, te profugi Scythaej 
 Urbefque^ gentefque, & Latium feroXj 10 
 
 Regumque matres barbarorumj & 
 
 Purpurei metuunt tyranni. 
 Injuriofo ne pede proruas 
 Stantem columnam j heu populus fremeris 
 
 Ad arm a ceffantes, ad arma i5 
 
 Concitet, imperiumque frangat*. 
 
 Te 
 
 The Subjcft of this Ode is perfectly noble, well defigned^ 
 and well executed. Its V'erfification is flowing and harmo- 
 nious, its Expreflion bold and fublime. 
 
 In the Year 7 1 9 Auguftus was on his March to Britai'n, 
 but was recalled by a Revolt of the Dalmatians. In 727, 
 having ended the civil Wars by the Defeat of Antony, He 
 again refolved to turn his Arms againft that Ifland, but was 
 farished with an Embafly from thence, and a Promife of 
 Obedience to any Conditions, which He pleafed to impofe 
 upon Them. Thefe Conditions not being well obisrvcd. 
 He was determined to make the Britons feel the Effects of
 
 159 ) 
 
 ODE XXXV. <fo FORTUNE. 
 
 r:fc8W*u? -cfrVr 
 
 GODDESS,whom Antium, beauteous Town, obeys, 
 Whofe various Will with inftant Power, can raife 
 Frail Mortals from the Depths of low Defpair, 
 Or change proud Triumphs to the funeral Tear ; 
 
 . Thee the poor Farmer, who with ceafelefs Pain 
 Labours the Soil ; Thee, Miftrefs of the Main, 
 The Sailor, who with fearlefs Spirit dares 
 The rifing Tempefr, courts with anxious Prayers : 
 
 Thee the rough Dacian, Thee the vagrant Band 
 Of field-born Scythians, Latium's warlike Land, 
 Cities and Nations, Mother- Queens revere, 
 And purple Tyranny beholds with Fear. 
 
 Nor in thy Rage with Foot deftrucYive fpurn 
 This {landing Pillar and its Strength o'erturn ; 
 Nor let the Nations rife in bold Uproar, 
 From Peace arife to break th' imperial Power. 
 
 With 
 
 His Difpieafure, yet was again obliged to employ the Forces 
 of the Republic in luppreiiing an InfurrtiCtion of the Salalfi, 
 Cantabri and Aihirii. SAX. 
 
 It is indifferent upon which of thefe Occanons this Ode 
 was written, and It is impoiHble to determine with any Ex- 
 actneis. 
 
 13. Injurio/o.] Thefe two Strophes will appear with a very 
 
 different
 
 i6o Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib.*. 
 Te Temper anteit faeva neteifitas, 
 Clavos trabales, & ctmeos mami 
 Geftans ahena } nee feverus 
 
 Uncus abeft, liquidumve plumbum. ib 
 
 Te fpes, & albo rara fides colit 
 Velata panno } nee comitem abnegatj 
 Utcumque mutata potentes 
 Vefte domos inimica linquis. 
 
 AJ 
 
 different Senfe according to the Manner of Pointing. If \ve 
 make a full Stop at metuunt, the firft Strophe can only ex- 
 prefs the Fears, with which Kings and Nations regard tire 
 Power of Fortune ; and the fecond will be turned into a 
 Prayer for the Roman State, which is naturally reprefented 
 by a Column, raifed and ftrengthened by the Victories of 
 Auguftus, yet liable to be fhaken and overturned by Revolts 
 and Infurredlions in the Abfence of that Prince. If we 
 read the PafTage with the ufual Pointing, the Word metuunt 
 muft refer to the Column and Empire of each particular 
 King, Nation, and Country. But, befides that it would 
 be more elegant, Horatian Latin, to fay metumt ne proruas, 
 rather than metuunt te, ne proruas, there feems to be fome 
 Hardnefs in the Expreflion, if we apply the ftanding Pillar 
 to fo many different Nations, particularly to the vagrant 
 Scythians, who can very hardly be faid to fear, that the 
 Nations fhoald rife to break their Empire. 
 
 If the Tranflator could have ventured fo bold an Alteration, 
 he would have printed this Strophe after Partibus, Oceanoque 
 rubro. We fhould then have the Character and Defcription 
 of Fortune in one, unbroken Length, and each Strophe 
 would begin with fome new Inftance of her Power. The 
 Prayer to the Goddefs would then be regularly continued, 
 and end very happily with a Petition for con firming the Gran- 
 deur of the Roman State, and its Prefervation from any fu- 
 ture Infurredions of the Nations, which it had fubdued, 
 and which were now at Peace, ad arma cejjemtes. 
 
 This
 
 Od. 35. THE DOES OF HORACE* 161 
 
 With folemn Pace and firm, in awful State 
 Before Thee ftalks inexorable Fate, 
 And grafps impailing Nails and Wedges dread, 
 The Hook tormentous, and the melted Lead ; 
 
 Thee Hope and Honour, now, alas, how rare ! 
 With white enrob'd, attend with duteous Care, 
 When from the Palace of the Great you fly 
 In angry Mood, and Garb of Mifery. 
 
 Not 
 
 This laft Reflexion would better introduce the Remem- 
 brance of the Civil War, the Miferies and Crimes, which 
 it produced, and the Prayer which concludes the Ode. 
 
 1 7. Stg<va necejfitas.'] Mr. Dacier imagines that thefe Lines 
 are a Defcription of a Picture in Antium, or rather of one 
 
 tawn by the Hand of the Poet, whom he doth not doubt to 
 an excellent Painter. The Conjecture is indeed a Com- 
 pliment to pur favourite Author, yet a little difficult of Proof. 
 
 The Retinue of Fortune is well chofen. Neceffity goes 
 before Her, becaufe there is nothing capable of refilling her 
 Power. Hope is made her Companion, becaufe Fortune is 
 the Refuge of the Mifcrable, and Fidelity never leaves Her, 
 becaufe a true r riend is equally conftant to bad, as to good 
 Fortune. SAN. 
 
 22. Neccomitemabmgat.'] This Pa/Tage hath fame Difficulty. 
 Fortunes never leaves any Perfon. When me is favourable, 
 the Poet reprefents her under the Idea of a Woman finely 
 drefied, who fills her Houfe with Happinefs and Abundance; 
 but when me changes her Temper, ihe is reprefented as 
 changing her Drefs, and leaving the Houfe to Deftruction 
 and Mikry. Thus me ftill continues a Companion, even to 
 them whom fhe hath rendered milcrable. DAC. 
 
 This feems to be rather a literal Conftrudtion of the 
 Words, than the poetical Meaning of the Author, who, by 
 Fortune's changing her Drefs, alludes to the Habits of 
 Mourning worn by People in Affliction. 
 
 VOL. I. Kl^' M fti.Dif*
 
 i $2 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. t. 
 
 At vulgus infidum, & meretrix retro 2$ 
 
 Perjura cedit : diffugiunt cadis 
 Cum faece ficcatis amici, 
 
 Ferre jugum pariter dolofi. 
 Serves iturum Caefarem in ultimos 
 Orbis Britannos, & juvenum recens 3 
 
 Examen, Eois timendum 
 
 Partibus, Oceanoque rubro. 
 Eheu ! cicatricum & fceleris pudet, 
 Fratrumque. Quid nos dura refugimus 
 
 JEtas ? .Quid intalum nefafti 35 
 
 Liquimus? Unde manumjuventus 
 Metu Deorum continuit ? Quibus 
 Pepercit aris ? O utinam nova 
 Incude diffingas retufum in 
 
 Maflagetas, Arabafquc ferrum. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 26. Diffugiunt cadis."] This Image, taken from the Lees 
 of Wine, hath fomething extremely below the Dignity of 
 this Ode ; and however beautiful the next Idea may be, in 
 which a falfe Friend is faid to refufe to bear the Yoke of 
 Life, yet there feems to be fomething faulty in joining two 
 Comparifons together fo very different in kind. The bcft 
 Latin Authors, efpecially the Poets, are but too carelefs in 
 this refpeft. Multi quitm initium a, tftnpeftate /umferint, in-, 
 cendio aut rtilna finiunt '. QUIN. DAC. SAN. 
 
 3t. Eois timendum.'} In the End of the Year 727, Elius 
 Callus marched with an Army to fucceed Cornelius in the 
 Government of Egypt, and as He wanted a Fleet for his 
 Expedition againft the Arabians, he ordered a Number of 
 Ships to be built in the Ports of the Red Sea. As this Army 
 alarmed all the Countries of the Eaft, fo the Romans had 
 the greateft Expectations that it would revenge all the Infults, 
 which the Republic had received from the Parthians. 
 
 There are a great many wife Conjeftures which attempt 
 to acqpunt for the Name of the Red Sea, and probably thofc 
 f greateft Learning hve leaft Truth. Thus of the White 
 
 Sea,
 
 Od. 35. THE ODES OF HORACE." 16$ 
 
 Not fuch the Croud of light Companions prove, 
 toor the falfe Miftrefs of a wanton Love, 
 Faithlefs who wait the loweft Dregs to drain, 
 Nor Friendftiip's equal Yoke with Strength fuft^rt, 
 
 Propitious guard the Prince, who bold 
 His venturous Way to fartheft Britain's SHof*! 
 Our new-rais'd Troops be thy peculiar Cafe, 
 Who dreadful to the Eaft our Banners bear. 
 
 Alas ! the fhamelefs Scars ! the guilty Deed*, 
 When by a Brother's Hand a Brother bleeds ! 
 What Crimes have we, an iron Age, not dar'd ? 
 Through Reverence of Gods what Altar fpar'd r 
 
 Oh ! that our Swords with civil Gore diftain'd, 
 And in the Sight of Gods and Men profan'd 
 Oh forge again, dread Queen, the temper'd Steel, 
 And let our Foes the pointed Vengeance feel. 
 
 ODE 
 
 Sea, the Blue Sea, the Black Sea, the Green Sea, &c. where 
 Chance or Fancy, or fome particular Event hath produced 
 thefe Names, which have furnifhed iuch abundant Matter of 
 Erudition to Critics. SAN. 
 
 33. Eheu .' cicafricum.'} The Poet artfully laments the Ca- 
 lamities of the Civil War, from which Auguftus had relieved 
 the Commonwealth, and to which it might be again expofcd 
 by his Abfence. SAN. 
 
 38. O utinam.] Horace prays to Fortune, that fhe would 
 forge again the Swords, which had been ftaincd with the 
 Blood of the Romans in the Civil War, that they might be 
 employed againft the Enemies of the Republic. While they 
 were polluted with Civil Blood, they muft be Objefts of 
 Hatred ar.d Averfion to the Gods. DAC. 

 
 !( 1*4 ) 
 
 CARMEN XXXVI. 
 
 ET thure, & fidibus juvat 
 Placare, & vituli fanguine debito 
 Cuftodes Numidae Decs ; 
 
 Qui nunc, Hefperia fofpes ab ultima, 
 Caris inulta fodalibus, 5 
 
 Nulli plura tamen dividit ofcula, 
 Quam dulci Lamiae, memor 
 
 A&ze non alio rege puertias, 
 Mutataeque fimul toga?. 
 
 Crefsa ne careat pulchra dies nota j 10 
 
 Neu prompts modus amphorae, 
 Neu morem in Salium fit rcquies pedum ; 
 
 Neu 
 
 It is probable that this Ode was written in the Year 730, 
 whenNumida returned with Auguftus from the War of Spain ; 
 and we may judge with how much Tendernefs Horace loved 
 his Friends, when he celebrated their Return with Sacrifices, 
 Dances and Songs. . SAN. 
 
 Verf. 2. Placare.'] Although Numida was returned, yet 
 his Friends ought ftill to fear the Anger of the Gods until 
 they had performed their Vows, and offered the Sacrifice 
 they had promifed. DAC. 
 
 9. Mutataque fimul tog*.'} The Greeks and Latins called 
 the Tutors of their Children Kings, or Governors. At the 
 Age of feventeen their Youth put on the Toga, and were no 
 longer under a Tutor's Power. The Toga was a large 
 Mantle, worn over the Tunica, and different in Length, 
 Colour and Ornaments, according to the Fortune or Profef- 
 iion of the Wearer. SAN. 
 
 10. Crefsa
 
 ODE XXXVI. 
 
 WITH Incenfe heap the facred Fire, 
 And bolder ftrike the willing Lyre. 
 Now let the Heifer's votive Blood 
 Pour to the Gods its purple Flood j 
 Thofe guardian Gods, from fartheft Spain 
 Who fend our Numida again. 
 A thoufand Kifles now He gives, 
 A thoufand Kifles He receives, 
 But Lamia moft his Friendfhip proves, 
 jLamia with Tendernefs he loves. 
 At School their youthful Love began, 
 Where they together rofe to Man. 
 With happieft Marks the Day (hall fhine, 
 Nor want th' abundant Joy of Wine; 
 Like Salian Priefts the Dance we '11 lead, 
 And many a mazy Meafure tread. 
 
 Now 
 
 10. Crefsa ne careat.'] As Chalk was found in great Abun- 
 dance in Crete, the Ancients ufed to fay proverbially a Cre- 
 tan Mark for any Mark of Joy and Happinefs ; on the con- 
 trary, their unlucky Days were faid to be marked with black. 
 
 Creta, em earlone notandi. Hor. 
 
 Illaprius Creta, max btec carlone notofti. Perf. 
 
 LAMB. 
 M 3
 
 i66 Q! HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i. 
 
 Neu multi Damalis meri 
 
 BafTum Threicia vincat amyftide ; 
 Neu delint epulis rofae* 15 
 
 Neu vivax apium, neu breve lilium. 
 Omnes in Damalin putres 
 
 Deponent oculos ; nee Damalis npvq 
 Divelletur adultero, 
 
 Lafcivis hederis arrjbitiofior. 20 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 13. Multi Damalii msri.~] The ancient Romans had fuch 
 an Abhorrence of a Woman's drinking to Excefs, that the 
 kaws of the twelve Tables permitted an Hulband to punifh 
 Jus Wife with Death, who was guilty of that Crime. Vxorem 
 temulentam marlto puniendi oecidenji'vtjuspote/iafqueejlo. SAN. 
 
 Torrentius thinks that Damalis intended ut mulierum eft 
 mas to fpare her Lover Nurnida in this drinking Match, and 
 that therefore the Challenge is formed between her and 
 Baffus, who is encouraged to attack this Miftrefs of the Feaft. 
 
 14. Tbreicia-'atnxftidc.~\ This Term is Greek, and fignifies 
 i Cuftom among the Thracians of drinking a certain Meafure 
 of Wine without clofing the Lips or taking Breath. LAMB. 
 
 1 6. Vi-vax apium.] A kind of wild Parfley, of a beautiful 
 Verdure, which preferve,s its Frefhnefs a long Time, from 
 whence the Poet calls it vivax. SAN. 
 
 17. Putres oculos.'] The Eye by Excefs of Wine is loofe 
 and flowing, or almoil diffolved and~broken. As Love has 
 the fame Eflfeft, Anacreon deiires a Painter to draw the Eyes 
 of his Miftrefs, like thofepf Venqs^m^ in Moifiure. llle 
 ejl inVenertmfutris* Perf. TURNEB.
 
 Od. 36. THE ODES OF HORACE. 167 
 
 Now let the Thracian Goblet foam, 
 
 Nor in the breathlefs Draught o'ercome 
 
 Shall Baflus yield his boafted Name 
 
 To Damalis of tipling Fame. 
 
 Here let the Rofe and Lilly flied 
 
 Their fhort-liv'd Bloom ; let Parfley fpread 
 
 Its living Verdure o'er the Feaft, 
 
 And crown with mingled Sweets the Gueft : 
 
 On Damalis each amorous Boy 
 
 Shall gaze with Eyes that flow with Joy, 
 
 While (he, as curls the Ivy-Plant, 
 
 Shall twine luxuriant round her new Gallant. 
 
 Co*
 
 ( i68 ) ; 
 
 : " 
 
 CARMEN XXXVII. Ad SODALES. 
 
 UNO eftbibendum, nunc pede libero 
 
 It f f -T 
 
 Pulfanda tellus ; nunc Salianbus 
 Ornare pulvinar Deoruni ,, . 
 Tempus e'rat dapibus, fodales. 
 
 N 
 
 Antehac nefas depromere Caecubam $ 
 
 Cellis avitis, dum Capitolio 
 Regina dementes ruinas, 
 Funus & imperio parabat, 
 
 Contaminato 
 
 Tranfla^ed by Dr. D v N K i N. 
 
 The Death of Cleopatra put an End to the War between 
 Oftavius and Antony. Horace compofed fix Odes upon 
 this Subject, and although this be the lalt, yet it is not the 
 leaft beautiful. As if the Succefs of Oftavius had given him 
 new Strength, the Poet and Hero are equally triumphant. 
 The Character of Cleopatra is perfectly finiftied, and her 
 Death reprefented in very natural and lively Colours. All 
 her Paffions are in violent Motion ; her Ambition is Drun- 
 kennefs ; her Love is Madnefs; and her Courage isDefpair; 
 while the Soul of the Poet feems to be animated with all her 
 Tranfports, which break forth into a Grandeur of Senti- 
 ments, a Boldnefs of Figures, aad an Energy of Exprellion. 
 
 We may obierve in this Ode (as in all the others which 
 were written qn the Subjeft of the Civil Wars) a conflaat 
 Tendernefs and Care for the Perfon of Antony. He raifed 
 the whole Eaft in Arms againft Oftavius, and his Death had 
 now delivered that Prince from a dangerous Rival, and put 
 fin End to a War, which had laid wafte the Republic fa 
 jnany Years. Yet all the Indignation of the Poet falls upoi> 
 
 Cleopatra,
 
 ( 169 ) 
 
 
 
 ODE XXXVII. Ti? his COMPANIONS. 
 
 NO W let the Bowl with Wine be crown'd, 
 Now lighter dance the mazy Round, 
 And let the facred Couch he ftor'd 
 With the rich Dainties of a Salian Board. 
 
 Sooner to draw the mellow* d Wine 
 Preft from the rich Caecubian Vine' 
 Were impious Mirth, while yet elate 
 The Queen breath'd Ruin to the Roman State. 
 
 Surrounded 
 
 Cleopatra, and her Death alone is propofed as an Objeft of 
 thepublic Joy. TORR. SAN. 
 
 Befides the prudential Reafons of not offending the Party 
 of Antony, which 'muft have been ftill very powerful in 
 Rome, Horace might poffibly have known that unhappy 
 Roman, and was too generous to infult his Reputation after 
 his Death. 
 
 Verf. i . Nunc eft l>ibenJum.~\ Inilead of lofing himfelf in 
 puerile Defcriptions of the public Joy, the Poet paffeth at 
 pnce to the Caufes from whence it rofe. The boundlefs 
 Proje&s of Cleopatra j thofe Alarms, which {he caufed 
 through the whole Empire ; the Ruin of her Fortune, and 
 the melancholly Cataftrophe of her Death, are theObje&s, 
 fhat animate the Scene, and fix our Attention. SAN. 
 
 2. Nunc Saliaribus.~} Upon any Event advantageous to the 
 State, the Romans ordered public Prayers in the Temples, 
 and invited the Gods to Banquets of the greateft Magnificence. 
 *The Expreffion of Horace is perfectly exaft ; all the Orna- 
 ments of the Entertainment were a Compliment to the Gods, 
 |>ut the Profit belonged to their Priefts. SAN.
 
 FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. i7 
 
 Contaminato cum grege turpium 
 
 Morbo virorum ; quidlibet impotens 10 
 
 Sperare, fortunaque dulci 
 
 Ebria ; fed minuit furorem 
 Vix una fofpes navis ab ignibus ; 
 Mentemque lymphatam Mareotico 
 
 Redegit in veros timores 15 
 
 . ' Caefar, ab Italia volantem 
 Remis adurgens (accipiter velut 
 Molles columbas, aut leporem citus 
 
 Venator in campis nivalis 
 
 ./Emoniae) daret ut catenis 2(5 
 
 Fatale monftrum ; quae generofius 
 Perire quaerens, nee muliebriter 
 
 Expavit enfem, nee latentes 
 
 Clafle citae reparavit oras. 
 
 . , 
 Aufa 
 
 13. Ab ignibus.] The Fleet of Antony, even after his 
 Flight, made fuch an obftinate Refiftance, as obliged Au- 
 guftus to fend for Fire from his Camp to deftroy it. DAC. 
 
 15. Vent timores.] Horace fays, that continual feafting 
 and drinking, had difordered Cleopatra's Underftanding 
 even to Madnefs, and thefe veros timores are put in ftrong 
 Oppofition to quidlibet impotent fperare. Her Hopes were 
 vain, but all her Fears were real. SAN. 
 
 16. Ab Italia volantem.'] Cleopatra left Egypt with a nu- 
 merous and formidable Fleet, and failed, as tq a certain 
 Conqueft, towards Italy, which, from 'being an Object of 
 her Hopes, was now become a Scene of Terrour, from which 
 She fled, in the greatefl Diforder, with all the Speed of 
 Sails and Oars. SAN. 
 
 20. Baret ut catenis.'] Oftavius had given particular Di- 
 reftions to Proculeius and Epaphroditus to take Cleopatra 
 alive, that He might make Himfelf Mafter of her Treafures, 
 and have the Glory of leading her in Triumph. Juftly fen- 
 
 fible 

 
 Od.37- THE GDIS OF HORACE. 1/1 
 
 Surrounded by a tainted Train 
 
 Of Men effeminate, obfcene, 
 
 She rav'd of Empire nothing lefs 
 Vaft in her Hopes, and giddy with Succefs. 
 
 But, hardly refcu'd from the Flames, 
 One lonely Ship her Fury tames j 
 While Caefar with impelling Oar 
 Purfued her flying from the Latian Shore : 
 
 Her, with /Egyptian Wine infpir'd, 
 With the full Draught to Madnefs fir'd, 
 Auguftus fober'd into Tears, 
 And turn'd her Vifions into real Fears, 
 
 As darting fudden from above 
 The Hawk attacks a tender Dove : 
 Or fweeping Huntfman drives the Hare 
 O'er wide ,/Emonia's icyDefarts drear j 
 
 So Caefar through the Billows preft 
 To lead in Chains the fatal Peft : 
 But Ihe a nobler Fate explor'd, 
 Nor Woman-like beheld the deathful Sword. 
 
 UnmovM 
 
 fible of this Ignominy, She had referred a Dagger for her 
 Jaft Extremities, and when She faw Proculeius enter, Ihe 
 raifed it to ftab herfelf, but He dexteroufly wrenched it from 
 her. LAMB. 
 
 21. Monftrum; ques.] This manner of fpeaking is not 
 without Examples in the beft Authors. Ubi eftfcelus, qui me 
 ferdidit? TERENT. Duo importuna pro Jig ia, quoi egeftas, &c. 
 CICERO, where the Adjective is applied to the Perfon, ra- 
 ther than to the Subftantive, SAN.
 
 Q.HORAYII FLACCI CARMWUM Lib; i. 
 
 & jacentcm vifere regiam 25 
 
 Vttuferenofortis, & afperas 
 Tra&are ferpentes, ut atrum 
 
 Corpore corabiberet veneniun, 
 Deliberata morte ferocior ; 
 
 Szvis Liburnis fcilicet invidens, 30 
 
 Privata deduci fuperbo 
 
 Non hmnilis mulier triumpho. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 25. Jatentem regiam.'] It would contradift the Faith of 
 Htftory to con&ruejaeentem lying in Ruins, dirutam or defiru- 
 gam. In Purity of Style it may fignify mcejiam, defolatam, 
 iefyeratam. SAN. 
 
 26. dfperas.'] This Word, taken in the Senfe of exacer- 
 latas t afperatas, forms a very beautiful Image, and exadly 
 agreeable to Hiftory.j.Jbr Plutarch tells , us, that She pro- 
 voked the Afp to greater Fury by pricking it with a golden 
 Spindle, djpitttm pe'rhlbent fufo aureo ifjam lateffentis &Jii- 
 mufantis arripuifle Ctf6patr<c bnz<hmm. 
 
 Thus died the moft beautiful and moft ambitious Princefs 
 fa the World, at the Age of: thirty eight Years, of which 
 She reigned feventeen. With her fell the ^Egyptian Mo- 
 narchy, which had fubfifted two hundred, fourfcore, and 
 fourteen Years, under, thirteca KJcgs of the Faniily of the 
 Lagidas. ^ . ^ SAN. 
 
 50. S&Vrs ti&umis:] The Poet mentions thefe Veflils, not 
 .waly becaufe they were particularly ferviceable in gaining 
 the Viftory, but in Compliment to his Patron Maecenas, 
 tth.o commanded that Squadron. SAN. 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 $ lo izn 

 
 Od. 37. THE ODES OF HORACE* 
 
 Unmov'd fhe faw her State deftroy'tL 
 Her Palace now a lonely Void, 
 
 Nor with her profligated Hofty vy- ' { ^ 
 
 For Succour fled to fome far diftant Coair. 
 
 : ^.if.-> :: ,-.zi:s .rho 2U'Jl%R'A*~f 
 With fearlefs Hand fhe dar'd to grafp 
 
 The Writhings of the wrathful Afp, 
 And fuck the Poifon through her Veins^ 
 Refolv'd on Death, and fiercer from its Pains } 
 
 Then fcorning to be led die Boaft 
 Of mighty Czfar's naval Hoft, 
 And arm'd with more than mortal Spleen, 
 Defrauds a Triumph, and expires a Queen. 
 
 r! erbu-g-j-l rffc* *^, i.. v <.; .'.>p::Vo ra . -^rj'iav. ri->u 
 iffr ?:iyi-j J : sd ^rssV
 
 ( 174) 
 
 CARMEN XXXVIII. Ad PUERUM. 
 
 PERSICOS odi, puer, apparatus: 
 DifpHcent nexae philyra corona : 
 Mitte fe&ari, rofa quo locorum 
 
 Sera moretur. 
 
 Simplici myrto nihil allabores 5 
 
 Sedulus curse : neque te miniftrum 
 Dedecet myrtus, neque me fub arda 
 Vite bibentem. 
 
 Q..HORATII 
 
 This little Piece hath nothing remarkable either in the 
 Subjeft or the Compofition. It is rather a Song, than an 
 Ode and yet the Genius and Manner of a great Matter 
 appears in the foialleft Works. We find here an Expreflion 
 cafy and natural, Verfes flowing and harmonious, and a 
 little Stroke of Pleafantry, which very happily ends the 
 Song. Horace had probably invited fome of his Friends to 
 Supper, and his Slave was making an extraordinary Pre- 
 paration for their Entertainment. But our Poet, in his Epi- 
 curean Wifdom, declares that Plcafures morefimplc and lefs 
 extravagant were better fuited to his Tafte. SAN. 
 
 Verf. 3. Rofafera.] They, who were more foft and deli- 
 cate, thought themfelves very little elegant, unlefs their 
 Luxury changed the whole Year ; unlefs they had Winter- 
 Rofes floating in their Cups. Delicati illi & fuentes farum 
 fe lautos putabant, nifi luxuria 'verti/et annum, nifi bybern<r 
 "poculis rof<e innataffent. P A c A T . 
 
 6. Sedulus car*.] The Elegance of this Reading, which 
 Mr. Cuningham hath rcftored from an antient Manufcript, 
 had efcaped the common Grammarians and Copyiils. They 
 believed they were obliged to read euro with Regard to Ho- 
 race, or cura with Relation to his Slave. SAW. 
 
 7. Dtelecetmyrtus.] The Ancients ufed to crown their Heads 
 with Myrtle in their Feafts, not only becaufe it wa facred to 
 Venus, but tecaufe they thonght it difpelled the Vapours of 
 their Wine. LAM*.
 
 ( '75) 
 
 ODE XXXVIII. f bis SLAVE, 
 
 TTELL thee, Boy, thatldeteft 
 * The Grandeur of a Perfian Feaft, ' 
 
 Nor for Me the Linden's Rind 
 
 Shall the flowery Chaplet bind ; 
 Then fearch not where the curious Rofe 
 Beyond his Seafon loitering grows, 
 
 But beneath the mantling Vine 
 
 While I quaff the flowing Wine, 
 The Myrtle's Wreath fhall crown our Brows, 
 While You fliall wait and I carouze. 
 
 THE
 
 HORATII FLACCI 
 
 C A R M I N U M 
 
 LIBER SECUNDUS. 
 
 CARMEN I. Ad ASINIUM POLLIONEM* 
 
 MO T U ^ ex Metello confule civictim, 
 Bellique Wufas, & vitia & modos, 
 Ludumque Fortuna^ gravefque 
 
 Principum amicitias, & arma 
 
 Nonduth 
 
 Tranflated by Dr. D u N K i N. 
 
 Pollio fmce the Year 715 lived in a private Manner at 
 Rome, and in his Retirement had written feveral Tragedies 
 which, in the Judgement of Horace and Virgil, had equalled 
 the Stage of Rome to that of Athens. But a Work better 
 meriting his whole Strength and Attention was an Hiitory 
 of the Civil Wars. It was already far advanced when the 
 Poet wrote this Ode, and being apprehenfive left that Ap- 
 plaufe, which Pollio received from the Stage, might i 
 'terrupt an Hiftory fo interefting to the Republic, He urges 
 him in the ftrongeft Manner to continue it, yet tells him at 
 the fame Time, how delicate and dangerous a Work he had 
 undertaken. Mr. Dacier believes that this Ode was written 
 in the Year 714, two Years after the Battle of Philippi, when 
 Pollio was Conful. Yet it is very little reafonable that He 
 fliould have Leifure in the very Adion of the Perufian W ar, 
 the Treaty of Brundufium, and the Bufmefs of his <~onlul- 
 fhip, to write either Hiilories or Tragedies. And as Pollio 
 was aftually then in Arms againft Oftavius to hinder hi 
 Paffage over the Alps, it muft have been a very poetical Ii 
 difcredon in Horace to write to Him with fo much Friend- 
 fhip and Efteem. Befides, Oaavius was the Year before lo 
 powerful in Rome, that he obliged Lucius Antonms thj
 
 THE SECOND 
 
 BOO 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 ODES of HORACE. 
 
 ODE I. To ASINIUS POLLIO. 
 
 F warm Commotions, wrathful Jars, 
 The growing Seeds of civil Wars j 
 Of double Fortune's cruel Games, 
 The fpecious Means, the private Aims, 
 And fatal Friendfbips of the guilty Great* 
 Alas !. how fatal to the Roman State ! Of 
 
 Conful, and Brother of the Triumvir, to leave it ; nor is it 
 probable, that he would have fuffered Pdllio to exercife an 
 Office of fo much Power, while he was openly engaged in 
 the Party of Antony. The War of Perufinm ended in Spring 
 714, and Dion writes that Antony, whomPollio had joined, 
 did not return to Italy until the Month of July the fame 
 Year; and as the Peace of Brundufmm; concluded by the 
 Interpofition of Coccius, Maecenas, and Pollio, was not 
 perfected, until September, Pollio's Confullhip could have 
 continued but a fliort Time, and confequently he could have 
 but little Leifure for writing. If then we fix the Date of 
 this Ode m the Y^ar 725, when the civil War was ended by 
 the Death of Antony, we (hall allow Pollio a fufiicient ' im<5 
 for his Hiilory, and we may with more Probability fuppofe, 
 that he undertook fuch a Work as an Amufement in his Re- 
 tirement from public Affairs. SAN 
 ^ Verf. 2 Vitia & modos] Thefe two Words bear a very 
 different Senfe. The frit mews the Confequences and Ef- 
 fects of the civil War; The fecond explains the CdnduA 
 and Circumflances of it. SAN. 
 4. Gravefqiie Pritidpum amicifias.] Velleius, fpeaking of 
 Vot. I. N the
 
 178 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Nondum expiatis uncla cruoribus, 5 
 
 Periculofae plenum opus aleae 
 Traclas, & incedis per ignes 
 
 Suppofitos'cineri dolofo : 
 Paulum feveras Mufa tragcedias 
 
 Defit theatris : mox, ubi publicas IO 
 
 Res ordinaris, grande munus 
 Cecropio repetes cothurno, 
 
 Infigne 
 
 the firfl Triumvirate, gives the full Idea of this Epithet 
 graves. Inter C<?farem, Pompeium, & CraJJum inita Potently 
 focietas, ques Urbi, Orbique terrarum, nee minus di--verfoque 
 tempore ipfis cxitiabilisfiierit. The fame might be faid of the 
 fecond Triumvirate, according to an Expreffion of Cato ; 
 It <was not their Enmity, but their Friend/hip , that was fatal to 
 the Republic. SAN. 
 
 5. Nondum expiatis. ~\ Horace here means the- Ceremonies 
 of Expiation with which the Pontiff ufed to purify the People 
 when polluted with the Blood of their Fellow-Citizens. 
 They appeared in Arms in the Campus Martius ; The Ce- 
 remony was called Armiluftrium, and the Sacrifice Solitaurilia. 
 
 TURNEB. 
 
 6. Pericu/offf opus."] This and the two following Lines re- 
 prefent to Pollio his Danger in attempting a Work of fo 
 much Importance in the Subjeft, and fo much Delicacy in 
 the Manner of treating it. The Faith of Hiltory was to be 
 preferved, yet without offending Augultus, or difobliging 
 the many Families, who had been deeply engaged in the 
 civil War. Thefe two Expreffions. by which the Poet would 
 reprefent this political Danger, a Work of dangerous Dye, and 
 walking through Fires, feem to have been proverbially ufed 
 in the Roman Language. Jaffa eft aha. Ultimam experiri 
 ttleam. 
 
 Infalix, pr -operas ultima nojfe mala, 
 
 Et mifer ignotos wjligia ferre pr igr.es. Propert. 
 
 SAN. DAC
 
 Od. f. THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 
 Of mighty Legions late fubdu'd, 
 
 And Arms with Latian Blood imbru'd, 
 
 Yet unaton'd (a Labour vaft ! 
 
 Doubtful the Dye, and dire the Caft !) 
 You treat adventurous, and incautious tread 
 On Fires, with faithlefs Embers overfpread : 
 
 Retard a while thy glowing Vein, 
 Nor fwell the folemn, tragic Scene ; 
 And when thy fage, historic Cares 
 Have form'd the Train of Rome's Affairs, 
 With lofty Rapture re-inflam'd, infufe 
 Heroic Thoughts, and wake the bufkin'd Mufe : 
 
 9. Sever* Mufa tragceeli<e.~\ Befides the political Danger 
 of writing fuch an Hiftory, the real Difficulty of executing 
 it happily required Pollio's whole Art and Penetration ; his 
 utmoft Diligence and Care. The Poet therefore advifes 
 Him to quit all other Studies ; to forget the Mufe who pre- 
 fides over Tragedy, and to give himfclf entirely to this 
 grande munus. But when he mall have ordered; when he 
 fhall have formed the public Affairs by finilhing their Hiftory, 
 let him then return to the Applaufe of the Theatre ; to that 
 Kind of Writing in which he had fo much Succefs. SAN. 
 
 to. Publicas res ordindris.] The ancient Scholiafts under- 
 ftand ordinaris for fcripferis, and although the Word be not 
 very common in this Acceptation, yet Horace, a great Imi- 
 tator of the Greeks, hath taken from them an Expreffion, 
 that dignifies the Compofition and Order of the different 
 Matters which enter into a learned Work. SwraTTHv iignifies 
 to write a Book, as owrayt**, a Book or Volume. BENT. 
 
 Another Argument, of great Authority to confirm this 
 Senfe of the Ode, is an ancient Manafcript, quoted by Tur- 
 nebus and Scaliger, with this Title : Ad Afinium PoUionem, 
 virum confularan, ui i:itermij/is tragadiis, belli ci-viJis dcfcribat 
 kijlgriam. 
 
 N 2
 
 180 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 tnfigne mceftis prsefidium reis, 
 Et confulenti Pollio curiae ; 
 
 Cui laurus seternos honoris 15 
 
 Dalmatio peperit triumpho. 
 Jam nunc minaci murmure cornuum 
 Perftringis aures : jam litui ftrepunt : 
 Jam fulgor armorum fugaces 
 
 Terretequos, equitumque vultus. 20 
 
 Videre magnos jam videor duces 
 Non indecoro pulvere fordidos, 
 Et cun&a terrarum fuba&a, 
 
 Praeter atrocem animum Catonis. Juno, 
 
 16. Dalmatio triumpho^ Appian tells us, that ^Antony 
 fent an Army againlt the P'arthinaeahs, a People of Illyria, 
 who made frequent Incurfions into Macedonia. Exercitum 
 mifet in Part/jin^os, gentem I/fyricam, Macedonian incur/are 
 folitos. Dion writes, that Pollio by ibme Battles appeafed an 
 Infurreflion in Epidaurus, a City of the Parthinaeans. Eodem 
 tempore apud Epidaurios (Parthin^eorum urbs eft Epidaurus} 
 tumult urn coortum Pollio, fa fits aliquot presliis, compefcuit. The 
 Marble Tables, upon which the^Romans preferred the Me- 
 mory of their Triumphs, have this Infcription j Pollio, the 
 
 Proconful, in the Year triumphed the twenty-fifth Day 
 
 of October for his Conqueft of the Parthinseans. Caius Jiji- 
 nius Cncij Pcllio procoxful anno ex Part bin ft'is oftavo ca- 
 lendar Novetnbt'es . 
 
 Thefe three PafTages naturally give Light to each other, 
 and the laft fays exprefsly, that Pollio was Proconful when 
 he triumphed for this Expedition. It is true that the Year 
 of this Triumph is effaced in the Infcription ; but it is clearly 
 marked in the Lines which immediately precede, where it is 
 faid, that Lucius Marcius Cenforinus was Conful. His 
 Confulmip fell upon the Year 715, which Dion has marked 
 for the Year of Pollio's Triumph, and confequently an Ode, 
 which mentions his Triumph, could not have been compofed 
 while he was Conful. SAN. 
 
 It was neceffary to afcertain the Time of Pollio's Triumph, 
 and to prove it was after his Confulmip, becaufe fome Com- 
 mentators fay, the Ode wal written during his Continuance 
 jn that Office, and from thence conclude, that the Expreffions 
 
 Ordinare
 
 Od. i. THE OPES OF HORACE. 
 
 O Pollio, Thou the great Defence 
 
 Of fad, impleaded Innocence, 
 
 On whom, to weigh the grand Debate, 
 
 In deep Confult the Father's -wait ; 
 For whom the Triumphs o'er Dalmatia fpread 
 Unfading Honours round thy laurel 'd Head. 
 
 Lo ! now the Clarion's Voice I hear, 
 Its threatning Murmurs pierce mine Ear ; 
 And in thy Lines with brazen Breath 
 The Trumpet founds the Charge of Death j 
 Now, now the Flam of brandifh'd Arms affright 
 The flying Steed, and marrs the Rider's Sight ! 
 
 Panting with Terrour I furvey 
 
 The martial Hoft in dread Array, 
 
 The Chiefs, how valiant and how juft ! 
 
 Defil 'd with not inglorious Duft, 
 And all the World in Chains but Cato fee 
 Of Soul unfhock'd, and favage to be free. 
 
 Imperial 
 
 Qrdinare res pullicas, and confident! cttritf prsefidium, mean 
 his ordering the Affairs of the Republic as her chief Ma- 
 giftrate, and direding the Counfels of the Senate as her 
 Conful. The firft of thefe Exprcffion* hath been already 
 explained ; the other might have been a Compliment to any 
 Senator of Eloquence and Dignity. 
 
 21. Videre magnos.~\ The Authority of the Manufcripts 
 appears in Favour of the ufual Reading audire, but Reafon 
 requires itidere Horace is not here fpeaking of any Orders 
 given by the Generals, nor of any Harangues made to the 
 Soldiers, but with a bold, poetical Spirit defcribing their 
 Aflions, and Adlions are the proper Obj efts of Sight, not 
 of Hearing. The Correction was made by Beroaldus, and 
 appeared fo neceffary, that Dr. Bentley, Mr. Cuningham, 
 and Sanadon, have received it. 
 
 24. Atrocem animum.} All the Praifes, which this Repub- 
 N 3 lican
 
 182 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 Juno, & Deerum quifquis amicior 25 
 
 Afris, inulta ceflerat impotens 
 Tellure, vi&orum nepotes 
 
 Rettulit inferias Jugurthae. 
 Quis non Latino fanguine pinguior 
 Campus fepulcris impia proelia 3 Q 
 
 Teftatur, auditumque Medis 
 Hefperiae fonitum ruinae ? 
 Qui gurges ? Ecquae flumina lugubris 
 Ignara belli ? Quod mare Dauniae 
 
 Non decoloravere csedes ? 35 
 
 Ouae caret ora cruore noftro ? 
 
 Sed 
 
 Hcan Hero hath received from different Authors, are not equal 
 to this fingle Charafter, that Caefar found it eafier to fubdue 
 the whole World, than the inflexible Spirit of Cato. Virgil, 
 in the fame Senfe, fays virtus ferox, and Silius Italicus atrox 
 
 2C. Tfljw, far Deorum.] Horace here leaves the Hiftory of 
 Pollio, and without any Connexion with the former Part of 
 the Ode, throws himfelf into fuch Refkaions as he knew 
 could not be difagreeable to Auguilus. With his ufual 
 Addrefs upon this delicate Subjeft, he avoids the true Caufes 
 of the civil Wars, and afcribes them, not to the Ambition of 
 Czefar, but to the Vengeance of the Gods. DAC. 
 
 28. Rettulit inferias.] The Word rettulit is here taken in 
 the fame Senfe as in the Proverb par pari referre, and infe- 
 rias alludes to a Cuftom of the Antients, who facrificed a 
 Number of Prifoners upon the Tombs of their Generals. 
 This Cuftom at length appeared fo barbarous to the Roman 
 People, that they were contented with the lefs cruel Fights 
 of their Gladiators, who were called Sujiuarij, from their 
 fighting before the Sepulchres of the Dead. TORR. 
 
 29. 4>ij non Latino fanguine^ The Poe{ no longer con-j 
 fines himfelf to the Quarrel between Caefar and Pompey,'
 
 Od. i. THE ODES OF HORACE. 183 
 
 Imperial Juno, fraught with Ire, 
 
 And all the partial Gods of Tyre, 
 
 Who, feeble to revenge her Cries, 
 
 Retreated to their native Skies, 
 Have in the Vigor's bleeding Race repaid 
 Jugurtha's Ruin, and appeas'd his Shade. 
 
 What Plain, by Mortals travers'd o'er, 
 
 Is not enrich'd with Roman Gore ? 
 
 Unnumbered Sepulchres record 
 
 The deathful Harveft of the Sword, 
 And proud Hefperia rufhing into Thrall, 
 While diftant Parthia heard the cumberous Fall. 
 
 What Gulph, what rapid River flows 
 
 Unconfcious of our wafteful Woes ? 
 
 What rolling Sea's unfathom'd Tide 
 
 Have not the Daunian Slaughters dy'd ? 
 What Coaft, encircled by the briny Flood, 
 Boafts not thefhameful Tribute of our Blood? 
 
 But 
 
 but expofes in general the melancholy Effefts of the whole 
 civil War. The Images of thefe two Strophes are very no- 
 bly fpirited ; Rivers and Gulphs appear animated and en- 
 livened ; and Italy is reprefented as a vaft Body, the Fall of 
 which is heard to Nations moft diftant. SAN. DAC. 
 
 30. Impia pra;IiaJ\ All Wars among Fellow-Citizens are 
 impious, as they tend to the Deftrudlion of their Country $ 
 but the Poet has been careful that the Epithet mould not 
 offend O&avius, iince he has not marked upon which Party 
 this Impiety lay, and hath been particularly cautious not to 
 name the fecond Triumvirate. SAN, 
 
 N 4
 
 1 84 C^ HQRATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib/2." 
 
 Sed ne reli&is, Mufa procax, jocis, 
 Ceae retraces munera naeniae : 
 Mecum Dionaeo fub antro 
 
 Quaere modos leviore plectro. 40 
 
 CARMEW 
 
 37. $eJ tie rdi fl is.] The Poet flops here very happily. He 
 could not enter into a Detail of the Aftions of the fecond 
 Triumvirate, without touching upon Things, which might 
 difpleafe Auguftus ; and perhaps he would thus infmuate to 
 Pollio, how much Caution was neceffary in writing theHiftory 
 he had undertaken. SAN. 
 
 38. Cete retraft.es munera n/fni<eJ\ Nani<e is an Hebrew or 
 Syriac Word, which properly fignifies the Song that was 
 fung at Funerals by the Mourners. But, by N<ni<z in this 
 Pallage, the Poet intends the Goddefs Nseriia, who prefided 
 over Tears, Lamentations, and Funerals. He bids the 
 Mufe be cautious not to attempt the Office of the melan- 
 choly Cean Goddefs, and by this Goddefs he means the 
 Mufe, who infpired Simonides with Verfes fo tender aud 
 affecling, that Catullus calls them^tf Tears of Simonides. 
 
 Maftius /aery mis Simonideis. DAC. 
 
 39. Dionaro fub atro.~\ Although Dione were the Mother 
 of Venus, yet Venus herfelf is called by that Name. The 
 Poet therefore invites his Mufe into the Cave of Venus, there 
 to fing of Love and Gallantry in a Tone lefs elevated, leviore 
 pletiro, and forbids her to imitate the plaintive Strains of 
 Simonides. LAMB.
 
 Od. i." THE ODES OF HORACE. 185 
 
 But Thou, my Mufe, to whom belong 
 
 The fportive Jeft, and jocund Song, 
 
 Beyond thy Province ceafe to ftray, 
 
 Nor vain revive the plaintive Lay : 
 Seek humbler Meafures, indolently laid 
 With Me beneath fome Love-fequefler'd Shade. 
 
 ORE
 
 ( 186 ) - 
 
 ' ..- .-.--- - - 
 
 CARMEN II. Ad CRISPUM SALLUSTIUM. 
 
 NULLUS argento color eft avaris 
 Abdito terris j inimice lamnae, 
 Crifpe Sallufti, nifi temperato 
 
 Splendeat ufu. 
 
 Vivet extento Proculeius aevo, 5 
 
 Notus in fratres animi paterni : 
 Ilium aget penna metuente folvi 
 Fama fuperftes. 
 
 Latius 
 
 The mention of Phraates in this Ode might have dire&ed 
 us to the Date of it, but Dion and Juftin differ in their Ac- 
 counts in what Year that Tyrant was reftored to the Throne 
 of Parthia. Juftin fixes his Reiteration in the Year 728, 
 when Auguftus was in Spain. >uum magno tempore jinitimas 
 civitates Phraates fatigajjet, Scytharum maxime auxilio in reg- 
 num reftituitur, & Tiridates ad Ctefarem in Hifpania lellum 
 tune temporis gerentem profugit. This Account makes the 
 Banimment of Phraates to have continued ten Years, fmce 
 .he was driven out of Parthia foon after his Victory over An- 
 tony, the Glory of which had infpired him with infupport- 
 able Cruelty and Pride. Qua vifloria infolenticr reddiius^ 
 quant multa crudelitcr confuleret, in exilium a Copula fuo pellitur. 
 
 Dion tells the Story differently. When Auguftus was in 
 his Eaftern Expedition in the Year 724, Tiridates fled to 
 him for Succours againft Phraates, who at the fame time 
 fent an Emba/ly to him. Tiri dates <vifius in Sy riant confugit, 
 Phraates viScr legates ad Cafarem mifit. It is true, Juftin 
 fpeaks upon the Faith of Trogus Pompeius, who was Co- 
 temporary with Auguftus ; but Juftin hath only abridged 
 his Hiftory, and is, in general, Sufficiently perplexed in his 
 Accounts of Parthia. On the contrary, Dion hath digefted 
 his Fads according to their Years from the public Ads ; a 
 Method in which he could not eafily miftake. We can there- 
 fore only conclude with Certainty, that this Ode was writ- 
 ten between the Years feven hundred and twenty-four, and 
 thirty-two. All beyond this is gueffinw. 
 
 Mr. Dacier gives this Ode an Air of Satire, as if Horace 
 intended to cure Salluft of his Prodigality, by difengaging 
 
 him
 
 ODE II. 70 CRISPUS SALLUSTIUS. 
 
 GOLD hath no Luftre of its own, 
 It fhines by temperate Ufe alone, 
 And when in Earth it hoarded lies 
 My Salluft can the Mafs defpife. 
 
 With never -failing Wing fhall Fame 
 To lateft Ages bear the Name 
 Of Proculeius, who could prove 
 A Father, in a Brother's Love. 
 
 By 
 
 him from his exceffive Expences, and to fortify him, by the 
 Power of Examples, agaimt Avarice and Ambition. No- 
 thing appears in the Ode to fupport this Criticifm j Hiftory 
 formally contradicts it ; and Horace had too much Art to 
 treat the fecond Favourite of Auguftus in fo familiar a man- 
 ner. 
 
 Salluft was a Courtier of a philofophical Character. Con- 
 tented with the Rank in which he was born, like a faithful 
 Follower of Epicurus, he knew how to join an open, un- 
 bounded Luxury to a laborious Care of the public Affairs ; 
 and the Poet, in fetting forth the Maxims of Epicurean 
 Philofophy, feems indirectly to applaud the Perfon, who 
 could thus bound his Defires, and enjoy with Honour the 
 considerable Fortune his Uncle had raifed. SAN. 
 
 Verf. 5. Proculeius] Had two Brothers, Terentius and Li- 
 cinius. Terentius was defigned Conful in the Year feven 
 hundred and thirty, but died before he could enter upon his 
 Office. Licinius unfortunately engaged himfelf in a Con- 
 fpiracy againft Auguftus, nor could all the Intereft of his 
 Brother Proculeius and Maecenas, who had married their 
 Sifter Terentia, preferve him from Banifhment. An old 
 Commentator relates a particular Story, which greatly en- 
 lightens this Paffage. He fays, that Proculeius divided his 
 Patrimony with his Brothers, whofe Fortunes were ruined 
 in the civil Wars. 
 
 But befides this noble Inftance of Generofity, the Cha- 
 racter of Proculeius is perfectly amiable. He was a great 
 Lover of Men of Letters, whom he fupported by his Credit, 
 and animated by his Bounty. 
 
 Nor
 
 1 88 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 Latius regnes avidum domanda 
 
 Spiritum, quam ft Libyam remotis IO 
 
 Gadibus jungas, & uterque Pcenus 
 
 Serviat uni. 
 
 Crefcit indulgens fibi dirus hydrops, 
 Nee fitim pellit, nifi caufa morbi 
 Fugerit venis, & aquofus albo l$ 
 
 Corpora languor, 
 Redditum Cyri folio Phraaten, 
 Diflidens plebi, numero beatorum 
 Eximit Virtus ; populumque falfis. 
 
 Dedocet uti 20 
 
 Vocibus, regnum, & diadema tutum 
 Deferens uni, propriamque laurum, 
 Quifquis ingentes oculo irretortq 
 
 Spe&at acervos. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 Nor was he lefs remarkable for his conftant fidelity to 
 Auguftus, who had one* fome Intentions of making him 
 his Son-in-Law ; yet the Poet thinks it more glorious for 
 him to be recommended co Pofterity by this noble Inftance of 
 Brother's Love, than by being a Favourite and Confident 
 of the Mailer of the World. DAC. SAN. 
 
 i^.Cre/cit indulgens.~\ The A ntients frequently compared 
 the covetous and ambitious to Perfons afflicted with a Dropfy. 
 Water only irritates the Thirft of the one, as Honours and 
 Riches provoke the infatiable Appetite of the other. Indeed 
 great Fortunes rather enlarge, than fill our Defires. DAC. 
 
 18. Numero beatorum.~\ Horace alludes to an Exprefiion 
 very frequent among the People, who ufually called thofe 
 Perfons happy, who were greatly rich. Beattu eji qui multa. 
 lona pojjidet . VARRO. Virtue, fays the Poet, never talks the 
 Language of the Vulgar, and gives the Title of happy to 
 him alone, who can defpife the Wealth, which others 
 poffefs. D AC .
 
 Od. 2. THE ODES OF HORACE.' 
 
 By Virtue's Precepts to controul 
 
 The thirfry Cravings of the SOIL 
 
 Is over wider Realms to reign, 
 
 Unenvied Monarch, than if Spain . 
 
 You could to diftant Lybia join, 
 
 And both the Carthages were thine. 
 The Dropfy, by Indulgence nurs'd, 
 
 Purfues us with increafmg Thirft, 
 Till Art expels the Caufe, and drains 
 The watry Languor from our Veins. 
 True Virtue can the Croud unteach 
 Their falfe, miftaken Forms of Speech ; 
 Virtue, to Crouds a Foe profeft, 
 Difdains to number with the Bleft 
 Phraates, by his Slaves ador'd, 
 And to the Parthian Crown reftor'd, 
 But gives the Diadem, the Throne, 
 And laurel Wreath to Him alone, 
 Who can a treafur'd Mafs of Gold 
 With firm, undazzled Eye behold. * 
 
 ODE 
 
 19- * rtus.-] Philofophy, which is here called Virtue in- 
 ftucts us to reconcile our Paffions with Reafon, and our 
 P eafure with Duty ; but the Croud, in a falfe Ufeof Words 
 dnguife the real Nature of Things by miftaken Names 
 Fraudare, rapere, falf> s nominibus inperL appellant. Tat 
 
 23. Oculo irrctorto.-} The Man, who can look direc^y" 
 
 upon an Heap of Gold, without being obliged to turn awav 
 
 kisEyes, or being dazzled with its%len dour! s in The 
 
 Language of Vmue the only King. P S uch is an Eagle's 
 
 Jiye, which can look direftly oculo irretorto at the 
 
 >un. 
 LAMB.
 
 CARMN III. Ad 
 
 QUAM memento rebus in arduis 
 ' Servare mentem, non fecus in bonis 
 Ab infolenti temperatam 
 
 Lsetitiaj moriture Delli, 
 
 Seu moeftus omni tempore vixens^ S 
 
 Seu te in remote gramine per dies 
 Feftos reclinatum bearis 
 Interiore nota Falerni ; 
 
 Qua 
 
 Dellius was a true Piaure of Inconftancy. After Csfar s 
 Death he changed his Party four Times in the Space of 
 T^lve Years, from whence Meflala ufed pleafantly to call 
 Kmdefulttrtm lellorum ciwiium, in Allufton to a Cuftom ot 
 the ancient Cavalry, who had two Horfes, and vaulted from 
 one to the other, as they were tired. The Peace that fuc- 
 ceeded the civil Wars, gave him an Opportunity of eftablifli- 
 ine his Affairs, which muft naturally have been greatly dii- 
 ordered by fo many Changes. At this time Horace wrote 
 this Ode, in which he inftruOs him in the pureft Maxims of 
 Epicurean Philofophy. 
 
 The Soul and Body, in the Opinion of Epicurus, were 
 two Parts, compofed of the fame Matter, which ought to 
 unite in the Harmony and Agreement of their Pleaiures, 
 for the Happinefs of Man. Horace therefore, after advifmg 
 Dellius to pofiefs his Soul in Tranquillity by the Moderation 
 of his Paflions, allows him to indulge his Senfes with inno- 
 cent Diverfions. This is all that an Epicurean can reafon- 
 ably fay, according to his own Principles. 
 
 Verf.
 
 ODE III. To DELLIUS. 
 
 TN arduous Hours an equal Mind maintain, 
 -*- Nor let your Spirit rife too high, 
 Though Fortune kindly change the Scene, 
 Alas ! my Dellius, Thou wert born to die, 
 
 Whether your Life in Sadnefs pafs, 
 Or wing'd with Pleafure glide away; 
 
 Whether, reclining on the Grafs, 
 
 You blefs with choicer Wine thefeftal Day, 
 
 Where 
 
 . 
 in 
 
 ' ^w-] Virtue finds Dangers and Difficulties 
 extremes of Life. Profperity exalteth us too hi ? h - 
 Adverfity deprefleth us too low. The laft Effort therefore 
 of Reaion is to fupport us equally between Preemption and 
 Defpan-j nor is any Refledion more capable of producing 
 tms Equality of Soul, than the Thought of Dea?h S 
 fhall one Day put an End to all the Changes of Fortune 
 
 o" Affl o efleai n , m '7/ urnifh us with Mot^es of Patiencein 
 oa, Afflid.on, and of Moderation in our Pleafures SAN 
 4- MoritureDelli.-} The whole Beauty and Force of thU 
 Strophe confifts in the fingle Word monture, which is not 
 only^an Epithet, but aReaibn to confirm the Poet's Advice. 
 
 8 Ignore not a Falerni.] The Romans marked upon e^y* 
 Caik the Growth and Vintage of their Wines, and as they 
 
 iTth r I?" CVe ^ Year ' the Ideft muft haVe been dee ? e ft 
 mthe Cellar. We may likewife underftand fome choicer 
 Wine, kept for a particular Occafion of Mirth and Pleafure. 
 
 OLD COM. LAME.
 
 I9 fc Q^ HORATII FLACCI CAR.MINUM Lib. 2. 
 Qua pinus ingens, albaque populus 
 Umbram hofpitalem confociare amant i 
 
 Ramis, & obliquo laborat 
 
 Lympha fugax trepidare rivo : 
 Hue vina, & unguenta, & nimium brevis 
 Floras amcenos ferre jube rofae j 
 
 Dumres, &ietas, & fororum 15 
 
 Fila trium patiuntuf atra. 
 Cedes coemtis faltibus, & domes 
 Villaque, flavus quam Tiberis lavit, 
 Cedes j & extru&is in altum 
 
 Divitiis potietur hseres. 2 
 
 Divefne 
 
 9. Allaque populus.'] The poplar Leaf is white below, andl 
 of a deep green above, whence Virgil calls it hicolor. The 
 Mythologifts give a pleafant Reafon for it. Hercules hav- 
 ing defcended to Hell crowned with Poplar, his Sweat wither- 
 ed the Leaves on one Side, and the Smoke blackened the 
 other. . SAN .- 
 
 12. Lymphafugax."] Here Lambinus cries out, Horace is 
 wonderful, I had almoft faid divine, in his Epithets. How 
 happy is the Word trepidare to fignify the Courie of a Ri- 
 vulet, which flows tremule iff trepide, which laborat trepidare, 
 flows with Pain and Labour, and Murmuring ! 
 
 13. Et nimium brevis fores rafte.] The following beautiful 
 Epigram has been tranflated as the beft Comment upon our 
 Author : 
 
 Quam longa una dies, tetas tarn longa rofarum, 
 
 <$uat pubefcentesjuntfafenetfa premit. 
 Quam mddo nafcentem rutilus conjpexit Eons, 
 
 Hanc rtdiensfero vefpere I'idit anum. 
 
 Mark
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORA^Z. 19 
 
 Where the pale Poplar and the Pihe 
 
 Expel th' inhofpitable Beam ; 
 Where in kind Shades their Branches twine, 
 
 And toils, obliquely fwift, the purling Stream* 
 
 jTtu'j iuo numi&yj ir,*l&3 Z5n.fr.*'J 
 There pour your Wines, your Odours fhed, 
 
 Bring forth the rofy, fhort-liv'd Flower, ^ ejs y 
 While Fate yet fpins thy mortal Thread, .. L iiixjl 
 While Youth and Fortune give th' indulgent Hour. 
 
 Your purchas'd Woods, your Houfe of State, 
 
 Your Villa, wafh'd by Tiber's Wave, 
 You muft, my Dellius, yield to Fate, 
 
 And to your Heir thefe high-pil 'd Treafures leave. 
 
 Though 
 
 Mark one Day's Reign, fo long the lovely Rofe, 
 
 In Virgin Pride, with living Purple glows, 
 
 And, as it triumphs, haftens to its Doom, 
 
 While Age united nips the blufhing Bloom : 
 
 That, which the Sun beheld in rich Array, 
 
 Breathing frefh Fragrance to the new-born Day, 
 
 At his Return declines the haggard Head, 
 
 Its Beauties blafted, and its Glories dead. D. 
 
 15.] Res.] Three Things invite Dellius to purfue the 
 Poet's Advice ; Res, his prefent State of Fortune, which, 
 was happily improved iince his fnbmitting to Auguftus after 
 the Battle of A&ium ; JStas, his Age, which was now ia 
 its greateft Vigour ; Fila trium forsrum, his Health, which 
 promifed him a Number of Years, while the Fates yet fpin 
 the black and fatal Thread of Life. SAN. 
 
 VCL. I. Q
 
 194 Qi HofcATii FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 Divefne, prifco & natus ab Inacho, 
 Nil intereft, an pauper, & infima 
 
 De gente fub dio moreris, 
 
 Viitima nil miferantis Orci. 
 
 Omnes eodem cogimur : omnium 25 
 
 Veufatur urna, ferius, ocius 
 
 Sors exitura, & nos in aternum 
 
 Kxilium impofitura cymtae. 
 
 CARMEM 
 
 25. Omnium verfatur urna.'] As it was cuftomary among 
 the Ancients to decide Affairs of utmoft confequence by 
 Lot, they feigned, that the Names of all Mankind were 
 written upon Billets, and thrown into an Urn, which was 
 perpetually in Motion ; and that they, whofc Billets were 
 tirit drawn, fhould die firil. DAC.
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORACE. 195' 
 
 Though you could boaft a Monarch's Birth, 
 
 Though Wealth unbounded round Thee flows, 
 Though poor, and fprung from vulgar Earth, 
 
 No Pity for his Victim Pluto knows, 
 
 For all muft tread the Paths of Fate, 
 
 And ever fhakes the mortal Urn, 
 Whofe Lot embarks us, foon or late, 
 
 On Charon's Boat, ah ! never to return, 
 
 Q % Qes 

 
 CARMEN IV. Ad XANTHIAM PHOCEUM. 
 
 NE fit ancillae tibi amor pudori, 
 Xanthia Phoceu : prius infolentem 
 Serva Brifeis niveo colore 
 
 Movit AchilJem. 
 
 Movit Ajacem Telamone natum 5 
 
 Forma captivae dommum Tecmelfe : 
 Arfit Atrides medio in triumpho 
 
 Vifgine rapta j 
 
 Barbarae poftquam cecidere turmae 
 ThefTalo viftore, & ademptus Hector ro 
 
 Tradidit feflls leviora tolli 
 
 Pergama Graiis. 
 Nefcias an te generum bcati 
 Phyllidis flavae decorent parentes : 
 Regium certe genus, ac Penates 
 
 Moeret iniquos. 
 
 Cede 
 
 Horace, with an Air of Irony and Pleafantry, encourages 
 Phoceus to indulge his Paffion for his ->lave. It hath been 
 already remarked, that Lovers of this kind were called. An- 
 cillarioli ; We have the Term in Martial, with anotker of 
 the fame Character. 
 
 Ancillariolum tua te I'ocaf uxer, ff ipfa 
 Ledicariola eft ; e/iis, Alauda, pares. 
 
 Verf. 3. Ni<veo colore. ~\ Dares Phrygius hath left us the 
 following Pifture of Brifeis. BrifeiJarnformofam, altajiatura f 
 candidam^ capillo Jitrvo, & molli, Juperci lit rj unfits, oculis i't- 
 nlijlis, carport tcnuali ', blantiam, ajfabilem, <verecundam, anirr.9 
 Jimplici,piam. Brifeis was beautiful, tall, fair-complexioned ; 
 her Hair yellow and delicate ; her Eye-brows joined ; her 
 Eyes modeitly fweet ; and her whole Perfon exaclly propor- 
 tioned. She was gentle, affable, modeft, limple of Man- 
 ners,
 
 QDE IV. To XANTHIAS PHOCEUS. 
 
 BLUSH not, my Phoceus, though a Dame 
 Of fervile State thy Breaft enflame ; 
 A Slave could ftern Achilles move, 
 And bend his haughty 'Soul to Love : 
 Ajax, invincible in Arms, 
 Was captiv'd by his Captive's Charms : 
 Atrides, midft his Triumphs mourn'd, 
 And for a ravifh'd Virgin burn'd, 
 What Time, the fierce Barbarian Bands 
 Fell by Peleides' conquering Hands, 
 And Troy (her Hector fwept away) 
 Became to Greece an eaiier Prey. 
 
 Who knows, when Phyllis is your Bride, 
 To what fine Folk you'll be allied ? 
 Her Parents dear, of gentle Race, 
 Shall not their Son-in-law difgrace. 
 She fprung from Kings, or nothing lefs, 
 And weeps the Family's Diftrefs. 
 
 Think 
 
 ners, and pious. He hath alfo given this Defcription of 
 Caffandra : Mediocri jiatura, ore rotunda, rufam, oculis mi- 
 cantibus. Caflandra was of middle Stature, 'Her Mouth 
 little and round, Her Complexion ruddy, Her Eyes 
 iparkling. 
 
 -13. Nefdas.~\ Horace here anfwers an Obje&ion, that all 
 the Slaves he had named were Daughters of Kings ; that the 
 greateft Princes might therefore have loved them without 
 bhame, and that thefe Examples could not authorife Phoceus 
 in his Love for Phyllis, who was probably of an obfcure 
 Family. DAC. 
 
 15. Regium genus.] Thefe Words muft be conftrued in the 
 
 Nominative Cafe, and do not depend upon maeret. As the 
 
 O 3 Romans
 
 198 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Crcde uon illam tibi de fcelefta 
 Plebe deleAam ; neque fie fidelem, 
 Sic lucre avcrfam, potuifle nafci 
 
 Matre pudenda. 2O 
 
 Brachiaj & vultum, teretefque furas 
 Integer laudo : fuge fufpicari, 
 Cujus o&avum trepidavit aetas 
 
 Clauderc luftrum. 
 
 Romans had fubdued all the Kingdoms of the World, Ho- 
 race would infmuate that Phyllis might poffibly be fome con- 
 quered Monarch's Daughter. When Nero had refolved to 
 marry Adle, he fuborned two Confular Perfons to fwear, 
 that {he was of a Family Royal. ABen libertam pau/um ab- 
 fuit quinjufa jnatrimonio jibi tmjungeiret, fubmlflu Confular ibiu 
 tins qui regie gentre ortam ptjerartnt. SUIT. 
 
 17. Scelefia p!ebe*~] SeeJeJlus litre Signifies miferaile, talaml- 
 tous. Seeleftiorem ego annum argento f amort nullum unquam 
 viJi. PLAUT. One of tke Gates of Rome was calledyk/(f- 
 tata, or unftrtu*att. HUMS. DAC.
 
 Od. 4. THE ODES OF HORACE. 199 
 
 Think not that fuch a charming She 
 Can of the fordid Vulgar be ; 
 To fliamelefs, proftituted Earth, 
 Think not that Bhyllis owes her Birth, 
 Who with fuch Firmnefs could difdaiu 
 The Force and Flattery of Gain. 
 
 Yet, after all, believe me, Friend, 
 I can with Innocence commend 
 Her blooming Face, her fnowy Arms, 
 Her taper Leg, and all her Charms, 
 For trembling on to forty Years 
 My Age forbids all jealous Fears. 
 
 OBI
 
 ( 200 ) 
 
 NO N D U M fubacli ferre jugum valet 
 Cervice ; nondum munia comparis 
 
 rr- 
 
 Square, nee taun ruentis 
 
 In Venerem ^tolerare pondus. 
 
 Circa virentes eft animus tUse c 
 
 Campos juvencae, nunc fluviis gravem ' 
 Solantis oeftum, nurtc in udo 
 Ludere cum vitulis faliclo 
 Prasgeftientis. Tolle cupidinem 
 Immitis uvae : jam tibi lividos 10 
 
 Diftinguet Autumnus racemos 
 JPurpureo varius colore. 
 
 Jam 
 
 The twenty-fecond Ode of the foil Boqk to Fufcus Arif- 
 {fcl ccimmends the Beauties -of alage, and if we believe 
 with Mr. Dacier, that this is the fame Lalage, it will be a 
 Proof, that the Odes of Horace, in general, are not ranged 
 in that Order, in which they were written. She is here re- 
 prefented as too young for Marriage, and her Lover is ad- 
 yifed to wait until he may with more Decency pay his Ad- 
 drefies to her. 
 
 Verf. 5. Circa wirenfes eft.] Horace hath again given us 
 the fame Image in the eleventh Ode of the third Book. 
 
 J^K/Z', velut latis equa trima campis, 
 Ludit exultim, metuitque taxgi, 
 fruptiarum expers, & adhuc proterva 
 Cruda marito. 
 
 Who, like a Filley o'er the Field 
 With playful Spirit bounds, and fears to yield, 
 
 To Hand of gentled Touch, or prove, 
 Wild as me is, the Joys of wedded Love. 
 
 9. Prat-,
 
 ( 201 ) 
 
 ODE V. 
 
 SE E, thy Heifer's yet unbroke 
 To the Labours of the Yoke, 
 Nor hath Strength enough to prove 
 'Such impetuous Weight of Love. 
 Round the Fields her Fancy ftrays, 
 O'er the Mead fhe fportive plays, 
 Or beneath the fultry Beam 
 Cools her in the paffing Stream, 
 Or with frifking Steerlings young 1 
 Sports the fallow Groves among. 
 
 Do not then commit a Rape 
 On the crude, unmellow'd Grape : 
 Autumn foon, of various Dyes, 
 Shall with kinder Warmth arife, 
 Bid the livid Clufters glow, 
 And a riper purple (how. 
 
 Time 
 
 9. Preegeftientis^ The Word geftio is properly applied to 
 Animals, that express their Deftres by their Motions ; Pr<f- 
 gefiire is aftronger Expreffion of the Paffions. LAMB. 
 
 }O. yam tibi li<vidos dijliiiguet Autumnus.~\ It may be ne- 
 cefiary to put thefe Words into their grammatical Order. 
 Autumnus iiariusjam difiinguet tibi limidos racemes colors pur- 
 pureo. The various Autumn lhall foqn paint for you thofe 
 'Clufters, which are yet green and livid. Autumn is called 
 from the Variety of its Fruits. TORR.
 
 '202 T^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Jam te fequetur (currit enim ferox 
 ./Etas, & illi, quos tibi demferit, 
 
 Apponet annos) jam proterva 15 
 
 Fronte petet Lalage maritum ; 
 Dile&a, quantum non Pholoe fugax, 
 Non Chloris, albo fie humero nitens, 
 Ut pura no6turno renidet 
 
 Luna mari, Cnidiufve Gyges ; 2* 
 
 Quern fi puellarum infereres chore, 
 Mire fagaces falleret hofpites 
 Difcrimen obfcurum, folutis 
 Crinibus, ambiguoque vultu. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 1 8. Albo fie kumero nitens.~\ Ladies in Rome, of more than 
 nfual Gallantry, ufed to drefs themfelves in fuch a Manner, 
 that their Shoulders appeared. The Tranflator hath ven- 
 tured to change the Expreffion, as it could not eafily be un- 
 derftood by an Englifh Reader. 
 
 24. Difcrimtn ok/curum, mmbiguoque vultu.] The three fol- 
 lowing beautiful Pafiages do Honour to our Author, at they 
 feem to be Imitations of this Line. 
 
 . 
 , cujus manantta Jtttit 
 
 Ora puellara faciunt ineerta tapilli. JVVIN. 
 
 ^Beneath whofe Virgin Locks, while flowing Tears 
 Bedew his Cheek, a doubtful Face appears. 
 
 Talis frat cultu fades, quam Jitert vert 
 
 Virgineam in puero, puerilem in virgine pojfei . OVID. 
 
 Of either Sex, each various Grace 
 
 You might behold with Joy, 
 And well might i'eem the lovely Face 
 
 Boyiih in Girl, or girlim in a Boy. 
 
 J)um dubltat Natura marem, facer etne puellam, 
 
 Fafius ti , o pule her, peene putlla puer . A U 5 o N . 
 
 While Nature doubtful ftands 
 
 A Male, or Female to compofe, 
 Baneath her forming Hands 
 
 Almoft a Girl the beauteous Boy arofe.
 
 Od. 5. THE ODES OF HORACE. 203 
 
 Time to Her mall count each Day, 
 Which from You it takes awayj 
 Lalage, with forward Charms, 
 Soon fhail ruih into your Arms ; 
 Pholoe, the flying Fair, 
 Shall not then with Her compare $ 
 Nor the Maid of Bofom bright, 
 Like the Moon's unfpotted Light, 
 O'er the Waves, with filver Rays, 
 When the floating Luftre plays : 
 Nor the Cnidian fair and young, 
 Who, the Virgin Choir among, 
 Might deceive, in female Guife, 
 Strangers, though extremely wife, 
 With the Difference between 
 Sexes hardly to be feen, 
 And his Hair of flowing Grace, 
 And his boyifli, girlifh Face. 
 
 ODE
 
 C 204 ) 
 
 CARMEN VI. V/SEPTIMIUM. 
 
 Gades aditure Tnecum, & 
 *J Cantabrura indo&uin juga ferre noftra, & 
 Barbaras Syrtes, ubi Maura Temper 
 ,/Eftuat unda ; 
 
 TibUr 
 
 
 
 Septimius, in his Profeffions of Friendfhip to Horace, af- 
 fured him, that he would run all future Hazards of his For- 
 tune, and that nothing mould ever feparate them again. The 
 Poet declares to Him, that tired of the Fatigues of War, he 
 now only wifhed topafs the Remainder of his Days in Tran- 
 quillity, either at his own Seat near Tibur, or with Septimius 
 atTarentum. SAN. 
 
 Verf. I. Septimi, Gades aditure mecum.} Septimius, ac- 
 cording to the old Scholiaft, was a Roman Knight. He 
 attended Tiberius in his Eaftcrn Expedition in 731, and we 
 may believe he was well efteemed by Auguilus, fmce he is 
 mentioned with Regard by Him in a Letter to Horace. Tut 
 qualem habeam inemoriam poteris ex Septimio nojlro audire ; nam 
 inddit ut coram illo fierct a me mentlo tui. This ExprelTion 
 Gades aditure, is only a warm, poetical Manner of laying, 
 no Toils or Dangers mould divide their Friendship. Catullus, 
 Ovid and Propertins have Jnftances of this Language ; and 
 Horace in the fame Style promiies to attend Ma:cenas, when 
 he went with O&avius to the War againit Antony. 
 
 If
 
 
 
 ODE VI. TiSEpfiMius. : 
 
 rjfoCI 
 
 -.ynrji*. 
 QEPTIMIUS, who haft vow'd to go 
 
 O With Horace even to fartheft Spain, 
 Or fee the fierce Cantabrian Foe, 
 
 Untaught to bear the Roman Chain, -,^1; 
 Or the barbaric Syrts, with mad Recoil >3Bi : 
 Where Mauritanian Billows ceafelefs. boil ; 
 
 .^rtu^ r:>^ 
 May 
 : . ; 
 
 If the Poet had written this Ode with a real Intention of 
 going with Septimius to Spain, and following Auguflus in 
 his Expedition againft the Cantabrians, why does he men- 
 tion Cales, and the Syrts of Afric ? This was a very indirect 
 Road from Rome to Cantabria, which is diftant from Cales 
 the whole Length of Spain, and yet more diftant from the 
 Quick-Sands of Africa. Mr. Dacier, who appears iniingle 
 Oppofition to all the Commentators, fays, that Horace fpeaks 
 here upon the Faith ofHiftory, which informs us, that 
 Auguftus was obliged to fend a Fleet againft the Cantabrians, 
 from whence the Poet very juftly mentions Cales. Yet 
 when Auguftus left Rome, he did not propofe going to 
 Spain, ut was recalled, from his intended Expedition againft 
 the Britons, by a Revolt of the Cantabrians. Horace there- 
 fore could not poffibly fuppofe he mould be obliged to go m 
 Perfon to fubdue that Pedple, or even to fend a Fleet againft 
 them. SAN.
 
 2o6 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2! 
 Tibur Argeo pofitum colono 5 
 
 Sit me* fedes utinam fencbe j 
 Sit modus laflb maris, & viarum, 
 
 Militiaeque : 
 
 Unde f Pare* prohibent iniquac, 
 
 Duke pellitis ovibus Galefi 10 
 
 Flumen, & regnata petam Laconi 
 
 Rura Phalanto. 
 
 Ille tcrrarum mihi prater omnes 
 Angulus ridet j ubi non Hymetto 
 Mella decedunt, viridique certat j 
 
 Bacca Venafro ; 
 
 Ver ubi longum, tepidafque praebet 
 Jupiter brumas, & amicus Aulon 
 FertiJi Baccho minimum Falernii 
 
 Invidet uvis. 29 
 
 Hie 
 
 f. Sit modus laJ/To marts."] The Poet fays in general, that 
 whether he fhould be obliged to travel by Sea or Land, or 
 to bear Arms again, he wifhes that Tibur may be the Re- 
 treat of his old Age. He had not only ferved under Brutus, 
 but attended Maecenas to the fecond Congrefs atBrundufium, 
 and through all the War of Sicily. Thefe violent Motions 
 were by no means agreeable to his Humour and Complexion. 
 He was a Poet, a Philofopher, and of a Conftitutkm too de- 
 licate to bear fuch Fatigues. SAN. 
 
 10. Pellitis miibus.} The Sheep ofTarentum and Attica 
 had a Wool fo fine, that they were covered with Skins to 
 prcferve it from the Inclemency of the Weather. Pliny 
 fays, thefe Coverings were brought from Arabia. CRUQ^ 
 
 1 8. Ferfi/i Baccho.] It is probable that Aulon was a little. 
 Hill, nearTarentum, famous for its Vines. I? is mentioned 
 by Martial as equally remarkable for its Wool.
 
 Od. 6. THE ODES OF HORACE. 207 
 
 May Tibur to my lateft Hours 
 
 Afford a kind and calm Retreat ; 
 Tibur, beneath whofe lofty Towers 
 
 The-Grecians fix'd their blifsful Seat ; 
 There may my Labours end, my Wandering ceafe, 
 There all my Toils of Warfare reft in Peace. 
 
 But mould the partial Fates refufe 
 
 That purer Air to let me breathe, 
 Galefus, gentle Stream, I'll chufe, 
 
 Where Flocks of richeft Fleeces bathe : 
 Phalantus there his rural Sceptre fway'd, 
 Uncertain Offspring of a Spartan Maid. 
 
 Jtfo Spot fo joyous fmiles to Me 
 
 Of this wide Globe's extended Shores ; 
 Where nor the Labours of the Bee 
 
 Yield to Hymettus* golden Stores, 
 Nor the green Berry of Venafran Soil 
 Swells with a riper Flood of fragrant Oil. 
 
 There Jove his kindeft Gifts beftows, 
 
 There joys to crown the fertile Plains, 
 With genial Warmth the Winter glows, 
 
 And Spring with lengthen'd Honours reigns, 
 Nor Aulon, friendly to the clufter'd Vine, 
 Envies the Vintage of Falernian Wine. 
 
 That 
 
 Nobilif & lanii & felix <uitibus Aulon 
 Det pretiofa tibi vellera, vina miki. 
 Fam'd for its Wool, and happy in its Vines, 
 Yours be its Fleeces, and be mine its Wines. 
 
 Horace
 
 208 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2* 
 
 Ille te mecum locus, & beatae . . 
 
 Poftulant arces : ibi tu calentem 
 Debita fparges lacryma favillam 
 
 Vatis amici. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 Horace {yysfertiliBaccko, Tibullus Baccbi c ura Fa/ernus ager, 
 and Propertius Baccbe, foles Phcebofertilif effe tuo. TORR. 
 23. Debita fparges. 1 The Poet here requires the laft Of- 
 fice of Friendfhip from Septimius, that He would fprinkle his 
 Afties with a Tear. Thefe Words CUM LACRYMIS POSUIT 
 are frequently found in ancient Epitaphs, and in the Urn a 
 little Bottle filled with Tears. 
 
 Nos wiles anitfiff) inhutnata infletaqueturba. TORR. 
 
 Fa'villam.'] Horace, more ftrongly to mark the Friendlhip 
 of Septimius, fays, that he (hall perform this laft pious Of- 
 fice, before his Afties mall be cold ; while they mail be yet 
 glowing from the funeral Pile. DAC. 
 
 2 
 
 Jfj-tci j-jidYr 
 
 , H oJ LtsiY 
 
 * io>T 
 laqii s rfjiv/ ilbw2 
 
 o'; ;K>IT 

 
 Od. 6. THE ODES OF HORACE. 209 
 
 That happy Place, that fweet Retreat, 
 
 The charming Hills that round it rife, 
 Your lateft Hours and mine await> 
 
 And when at length your Horace diesj 
 There the deep Sigh thy Poet-Friend fhall mourri, 
 And pious Tears bedew his glowing Urn,
 
 ( 210 ) 
 
 CARMEN VII. Ad POMPEIUM VARUM. 
 
 OSaepe mecum tempus in ultimum 
 Deduce, Bruto militias duce, 
 Quis te redonavit Quiritem 
 
 Dis patriis, Italoque coelo, 
 
 Pompe'i, meorum prime fodalium ? 5 
 
 Cum quo morantem faepe diem mero 
 Fregi, coronatus nitentes 
 
 Malobathro Syrio capillos. 
 Tecum Philippos, & celerem fugam 
 Senfi, relifta non bene parmula ; I O 
 
 Quum frala virtus, & minaces 
 Turpe ! folum tetigere mento. 
 
 Sed 
 
 When a Peace was concluded in the Year 7 1 5 between 
 Sextus Pompeius and the Triumvirate, a general Amnefty 
 was granted to all, who had followed the Party of Pompey. 
 TThis feemed to Varus a favourable Occafion of quitting the 
 Profeffion of Arms, and returning to Rome, when probably 
 this Ode was written. Horace was then twenty-fix Years, 
 of Age. MASSON. 
 
 Verf. i. S<ffe.] This Paffage is of Importance, with re- 
 gard to the Life of Horace. Brutus took with him from 
 Athens, eight or nine Months after Caefar's Death, a Num- 
 ber of young Gentlemen, who were willing to follow his 
 Fortunes in the Caufe of Liberty. Our Poet then began his 
 Warfare. He continued two Years under the Command of 
 that great Man, and we may believe with fome Merit, fince 
 he was railed to the Tribunefhip of a Legion. 
 
 3. Quis te redonavit. ,] This is not an Interrogation proceed- 
 ing from Ignorance or Uncertainty. It is a kind of Excla- 
 mation ; an Expreffion vivid and natural, arifmg from the 
 ioy, which Horace feels at Sight of a Friend from whom 
 e had been many Years feparated by the Misfortunes of 
 
 the
 
 ODE VII. 70 POMPEIUS VARUS. 
 
 VA R U S, in early Youth belov'd, 
 In War's extremeft Dangers prov'd, 
 Our daring Hoft when Brutus led, 
 And in the Caufe of Freedom bled, 
 To Rome, and all her Guardian Powers, 
 What happy Chance my Friend reftores, 
 With whom I've cheer'd the tedious Day, 
 And drank its loitering Hours away, 
 Profufe of Sweets while Syria fhed 
 Her liquid Odours on my Head ? 
 
 With Thee I faw Philippi's Plain, 
 Its fatal Rout, a fearful Scene ! 
 And dropp'd, alas ! th' inglorious Shield, 
 Where Valour's felf was forc'd to yield, 
 Where foil'd in Duft the vanquifh'd lay, 
 And breath'd th' indignant Soul away. 
 
 But 
 
 the Times. Quis te redonavit, quis te cafus reftitvit ! quam 
 ft lid tandem fato rejiitutus fuijli! SAN. 
 
 5. Pompei.~] We do not find, that the Family of Pompey 
 ever took the Surname of Varus. Mr. Sanadon therefore 
 believes the Ode ought to be infcribed to Pompeius Grofphus, 
 to whom Horace writes another Ode, Qtium Divos, Sec. and 
 whom he mentions in his Epiftle to Iccius. 
 
 7. Fregi diem.'] See the Notes on nee partemfolido demere de 
 die. Firft Ode. 
 
 Coronatus intent es malobatbro capillosJ] The Ufe of Crowns 
 and EfTencss was firft introduced into the Roman Entertain- 
 ments by the Ladies. DAC. 
 
 10. Parmula.} There is fomething ingenuous in the Poet's 
 
 recording this Initance of his own Cowardice, which poflibly 
 
 might never have been known to Poftcrity. Archjiocnus, 
 
 Alcasus, and Demoiihene>, are Examples of the fame In- 
 
 P 2 genuity
 
 212 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Sed me per hoftes Mercurius celer 
 Dcnfo paventem fuftulit acre : 
 
 Te rurfus in bellum reforbens 15 
 
 Unda fretis tulit aeftuoiis. 
 Ergo obligatam redde Jovi dapem ; 
 Longaque feflum militia latus 
 Depone fub lauru mea ; neu 
 
 Parce cadis tibi deftinatis. 20 
 
 Obliviofo 
 
 genuity of Spirit. Next to true Courage, fays a French 
 Commander, nothing u more brave than a Confefiion of 
 Cowardice. SAN. 
 
 When the Athenians routed the Lefbians, they found the 
 Arms of Alcams on the Field of Battle, and dedicated them 
 to Minerva, as a glorious Monument of their Victory. A 
 Circumftance, which Alcasus took care not to forget in the 
 Verfes, which he made on his Misfortune. 
 
 ii. Fi-atfa <v}rtus.~\ The Poet, by doing Juftice to the 
 Vanquifhed, pays the higheft Compliment to their Conquer- 
 ors; and in reality the better Troops were on the Side of 
 Brutus and Caffius, although Fortune declared for Oclavius 
 and Antony. Florus fpeaking of this Battle Scd quanta 
 ejficacior eji For tun a quatn P'irtus ! DAC. 
 
 Virtue among the ancient Romans ufually fignified Valour, 
 as, among the modern Romans it means a Knowledge of the 
 politer Arts, Poetry, fvlufic, Painting, and Statuary. Some 
 Commentators would here apply the Word to the moral 
 .Character of Brutus, but perhaps the Poet dare not thus de- 
 fcribe the Perfon, whom he was obliged to call the Murderer 
 of Ca;far. Befides, Valour may be overcome, but Virtue 
 never can. 
 
 MinacesJ] After the Battle of Philippi, in which Brutus 
 routed the Forces of Oftavius, his Soldiers demanded, in a 
 mutinous Manner, to be led againft the Enemy. They 
 complained, that They were confined within their Camp, 
 when the Forces of Odavius, broken by their kte Defeat, 
 and opprefled by Famine, might eafily be conquered. Bru-
 
 Od. 7. THE ODES OF HORACE. 213 
 
 But me, when dying with my Fear, 
 
 Through warring Hofts, enwrap'd in Air. 
 
 Swift did the God of Wit convey ; 
 
 While Thee, wild War's tempeftuous Sea, 
 
 Reforbing, hurried far from Shore, 
 
 And to new Scenes of Slaughter bore. 
 
 To Jove thy votive Offering pay, 
 And here beneath my Laurels lay 
 Thy Limbs, from Toils of Warfare free, 
 Nor fpare the Cafks referv'd for Thee, 
 
 But 
 
 tus at laft fatally gave way to their Impatience and Temerity, 
 for which the Poet gives them the Epithet mlnaccs. 
 
 12. Turpe!~\ By dividing turpe from folum, to which it is 
 ufually joined as an Epithet, and by a different Manner of 
 Pointing, we give it the Force of an Exclamation. Et mi- 
 naces turpe > folum tetigere mento. SAN. 
 
 13. Seel me per ho/les, fcrV.J Horace here alludes to the Bat- 
 tles of Homer, where Heroes are frequently carried off from 
 Danger by their guardian Gods ; and as Mercury prefided 
 over Arts and Sciences, particularly over Lyric Poetry, the 
 Poet hath here chofen him for his Protelor. CRUQ^ LAMB. 
 
 i$.Terurfus.~\ The French Critics imagine that Varus, 
 after the Battle of Philippi, embarked on board the Fleets 
 either of Domitius or Murcus, who continued the War under 
 the younger Pompey againft O&avius and Anthony. Thus 
 by a conjectural Piece of Hiftory, incapable of Proof, they 
 deftroy the Beauty of a Metaphor, which very naturally re- 
 prefents Pompey carried out by the Tide into thq main Ocean 
 of War. 
 
 ij.Dapem.'] Dapis was properly a Sacrifice which was 
 yearly offered to Jupiter, from thence called Dapatis. It was 
 afterwards underftood of all Kinds of Sacrifices andFeftivals. 
 
 DAC. 
 
 1 8. FeJJiim longa militia.'] Five Years, in a Party always 
 unfortunate, might well feem a tedious and fatiguing War- 
 fare ; at leaft fuch an Expreffion is very natural in a Poet of 
 an indolent, una&ive Complexion. SAN. 
 
 P3
 
 214 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib.2. 
 
 Obliviofo levia MafTico 
 Ciboria exple : funde capacibus 
 Unguenta de conchis. Quis udo 
 
 Deproperare apio coronas, 
 
 Curatve myrto ? Quern Venus arbitrum 25 
 
 Dicet bibendi ? Non ego fanius 
 Bacchabor Edonis : recepto 
 Duke mihi furcre eft amico. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 25. Arlntmm bibendi. ~] Cicero fays with a good deal of 
 Pleafantry of Verres, f l his Praetor, fa fevere of Manners, Jb 
 diligent in his Office, ivbo never obeyed the Laws of the Roman 
 People, yet never violated the La<ws of Drinking. 
 
 The Romans in their Entertainments ufually appointed a 
 Perfon, whom they called King, with a Power to regulate 
 the Feaft, and govern the Guefts. His Office was decided 
 by the beft Caft on the Dice, which was called Venus or Ve- 
 nerius Jafius, or Bafilicus, The Games of this Kind were 
 the Ludi talorwn and Ludi tejferarutn, for the Ale<s were for- 
 bidden by Law. Venus was the fortunate Caft in both 
 Games, but with this Difference, that with the Tali all the 
 Dice were to rife in different Numbers, but with the TeJ/er<e 
 the Winner was to throw three Sixes. If we enquire why 
 the Cait of Sixes was called Venus, the fkilful in theological 
 Arithmetic, fays Mr. Dacier, inform us, that the World 
 having been perfectly finifhed the Sixth Day, the Number 
 Six was from thence efteemed fortunate and happy, and was 
 even called no<r^o<;, or World. 
 
 Lipfms hath collected fifteen Laws of the Roman Enter- 
 tainments, of which the following are moft remarkable : 
 
 Vinum pur urn pututn ftter infundito. 
 A fummo adimum moremajorum bibunto. 
 Dec em cyatbifiimma foi-.c/unto. 
 Mufis nonum, decumum Apollini libantc. 
 Dominamji quis babe/fit indicium fact to . 
 R:x<c, clamor, content to adTkracas 
 Ablegantor ; eorum vicent carmen, 
 Jlliud-Tje quid Mujeeumfroferunio.
 
 Od. 7. THE ODES OF HORACE. 215 
 
 But joyous fill the polifh'd Bowl, 
 With Wine oblivious chear thy Soul, 
 And from the breathing Phials pour 
 Of eflenc'd Sweets a larger Shower. 
 
 But who the Wreath unfading weaves 
 Of Parfly or of Myrtle- Leaves ? 
 To whom (hall Beauty's Queen affign 
 To reign the Monarch of our Wine ? 
 For Thracian-like I'll drink to day, 
 And deeply Bacchus it away. 
 Our Tranfports for a Friend reftor'd, 
 Should even to Madnefs make the Board. 
 
 Unmix'd be our Wine, and pure let it flow, 
 As our Fathers ordain'd, from the High to the Low. 
 Let our Bumpers, while jovial we give out the Toaft 
 In gay Compotation,' be ten at the molt ; 
 The Ninth to the Mufes in Orderlnuft follow, 
 The Tenth a Libation be made to Apollo. 
 If any one harbours a Nymph in his Breaft ; 
 Let him name the fair Tyrant, who robs him of Reft; 
 Let Quarrels, and Clamour, and vile Difputation 
 In Banimment endlefs be fent to the Thracian ; 
 While here in their Stead, in our Good-fellow Matches 
 Caroufing melodious, we fing merry Catches. D. 
 
 27. EacchaborJ] The Greeks have many Examples of Verbs 
 formed from proper Names, 'Aiytrcr]<7 to grow black like 
 an ^Egyptian, <j>otj3aiv and Ba%%iiH', to" be infpired by 
 Phcebus, and Bacchus ; thus the Latins have formed the 
 Verbs Grascari and Bacchari. But if the Translation hath 
 been too bold in imitating Beauties not natural to the Englifh 
 Tongue, the Fault may be correcled by reading riot or revel 
 inftead of Bacchus. 
 
 P 4 ODE
 
 ( 216 ) 
 
 CARMEN VIII. 
 
 ULLA fi juris tibi pejerati 
 Poena, Barine, nocuilTet unquam ; 
 Dente fi nigro fieres, vel uno 
 
 Turpior ungui j 
 
 Crederem : fed tu, fimul obligafti 5 
 
 Perfidum votis caput, enitefcis 
 Pukhrior multo, juvenumque prodis 
 
 Publica cura. 
 
 Expedit matris cineres opertos 
 
 Fallere, ac toto taciturna no6tj$ I & 
 
 Signa cum coelo, gelidaque divos 
 Morte carentes. 
 
 Ridet 
 
 The Gallantry of this Ode is of a very particular Kind. 
 The Poet pays fuch Compliments to Barine'i Beauty, as are 
 almoft worth a Wo,;nan's Perjury to deferve : efpeciaily when 
 every new Inftanqe of deceiving giyes a new Charm. 
 
 Vcrf. i. Utta Jt juris.'] The Ancients believed that a Lj;e 
 was always attended with fome immediate Punifliment, the 
 Lofs of a Tooth, a Blif^er on the Tongue, C5"r. 
 
 EJJe Dees c;-cdamne ? fidem juratafefellit, 
 
 Et fades illi, qiurfuit ante, ir.Qnct.. 
 fduatti longos habuit, nontiutn ferjura, caf!llos % 
 
 "tarn longcs, pojlqiium Numitialf/jit, habet. Qvip. 
 
 DAC. 
 
 Can there be Gpos ? The perjured Fair-one fwore, 
 Yet looks as" lovely, uShe'low'd before. 
 Long flow'd the carelefs Trelfes of her Hair, 
 While yet me (hone as innocent as fair ; 
 Long flow the Treifes of the Wanton now, 
 And Iport as Trophies of her broken Vow. li.
 
 ODE VIII. To BARINE. 
 
 IF e'er th' infulted Powers had fhed 
 The flighted Vengeance on thy Head, 
 If but a Nail or Tooth of Thee 
 Were blacken'd by thy Perjury, 
 Again thy Fallhood might deceive, 
 And I the faithlefs Vow believe. 
 But when, Perfidious, you engage 
 To meet high Heaven's vindi&ive Rage, 
 You rife, with heighten'd Luftre fair, 
 Of all our Youth the public Care. 
 It thrives with Thee to be forfworn 
 By thy dead Mother's hallow'd Urn : 
 By Heaven, and all the Stars, that roll 
 In filent Circuit round the Pole ; 
 By Heaven, and every nightly Sign, 
 By every deathlefs Power divine j 
 
 For 
 
 5-. Sed tit, Jimulobllgajii.'] They, who made either Oaths 
 or Promifes, fubmitted themfelves tacitly to the Pains and 
 Curfes, which ought to fall upon their Heads if They fwore 
 falfely, or did not perform their Promifes. They were 
 called 'voti ret, or <voto dann"ti, and their Heads,' in the 
 Language of Horace, were devoted to the Vengeance of the 
 Gods, if they did not perform their Vows. DAC. 
 
 9. Expedit.] Perhaps thefe four Lines are an Explanation 
 of Barine's Oath, and we find in Propertius almoft the Form 
 
 OJfa tibijuro per matris, Cff ejfa farentis j 
 ' Si folio, cinis hew ! Jit mihi uttrque growls. DAC.
 
 218 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 Ridet hoc, inquam, Venus ipfa; rident 
 
 Simplices Nymphx ; ferus & Cupido, 
 
 Semper ardentes acuens fagittas 15 
 
 Cote cruenta. 
 
 Adde, quod pubes tibi crefcit omnis j 
 Servitus crefcit nova ; nee priores 
 Impiae tedium dominze relinquunt 
 
 Ssepe minati. 2O 
 
 Te fuis matres metuunt juvencis ; 
 Te fenes parci, miferzeque nuper 
 Virgines nuptae, tua ne retardet 
 
 Aura maritos. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 13. RidetJ] Venus, Cupid, and the Nymphs, are not the 
 only Deities, who laugh at the Perjuries of Lovers. Jupiter 
 himfelf is equally good-natur'd, and Plato gives a very 
 whirafical Reafon for it. The Pleafures, fays he, are In- 
 fants incapable of Underftanding and Judgement, therefore 
 not liable to Punifliment for Perjury or Breach of Promife. 
 From hence came the Proverb dpbrodijium Juramentttm, a 
 Lover's Oath. 
 
 16. Cote cruenta. ,] Anacreon fays, when Vulcan forges the 
 Arrows of Love, Venus dips their Points into Honey, but 
 that Cupid afterwards tempers and hardens them with Gall. 
 This Image of the God Iharpening his Arrows on a Whet- 
 flone wet with Blood, inftead of Oil or Water, hath fome- 
 thing very pleafantly terrible. There is a very fine Picture 
 of it at Chantilli, a Seat of the great Prince of Conde. 
 
 The Tranflation hath endeavoured to open the Thought 
 of Horace by carrying it a little farther than he hath expretfed 
 it. Cupid wets his Whetftone with the Blood of fome Un- 
 fortunate, who was flain by Barine's Cruelty, and fharpen? 
 hie Arrows for the Death of fome future Lovers.
 
 Od. 8, THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 
 Fr Venus laughs at all thy Wiles, 
 The gentle Nymphs behold with Smiles, 
 And, with the Blood pf fome poor Swain, 
 By thy perfidious Beauty (lain, 
 Fierce Cupid whets his burning Darts, 
 For Thee to wound new Lovers' Hearts. 
 
 Thy Train of Slaves grows every Day, 
 Infants are rifing to thy Sway, 
 And They, who fwore to break thy Chain, 
 Yet haunt thofe impious Doors again. 
 Thee Mothers for their Striplings fear. 
 The Father trembles for his Heir, 
 And weeping ftands the Virgin-Bride, 
 In Hymen's Fetters newly tied, 
 Left you detain, with brighter Charms, 
 Her perjur'd Hufband from her Arms. 
 
 Or.
 
 ( 22O ) 
 
 CARMEN IX. 
 
 NON Temper imbres nubibus hifpidos 
 Manant in agros ; aut mare Cafpiurn 
 Vexant inaequales procellae 
 
 Ufque ; nee Armeniis in oris, 
 
 Amice Valgi, flat glacies iners 5 
 
 Menfes per omnes ; aut Aquilonibus 
 Querceta Gargani laborant, 
 
 Et foliis viduantur orni. 
 Tu Temper urges flebilibus modis 
 Myften ademptum ; nee tibi Vefpero j o 
 
 Surgente decedunt amores, 
 Nee rapidum fugiente folem. 
 
 At 
 
 To know how to comfort the Afflifted is a Talent which 
 few People poffefs, while every one is willing to make Trial 
 of his Skill. But indeed it were better, in LofTes that ar& 
 without Remedy, to talk to the Heart than to the Under- 
 ftanding ; for Motives of Confolation, which are moft na . 
 tural and obvious, are frequently more fuccefsful, than the 
 graved Maxims of Morality, and the moft curious Refine- 
 ments of Reafon. Such is the Method of Horace in com- 
 forting a Father, afflidted for the Death of a Son whom he 
 tenderly loved. He does not condemn his Grief, but pro- 
 pofes to him to flop the Continuance of it, or at leait to luf- 
 pend its Courfe. 
 
 It is not difficult to afcertain the Date of this Ode. The 
 two laft Strophes ihew that it was writtan in 734, the Year 
 after Auguftus his Armenian Expedition. SAN. 
 
 Verf. 3. Inrequales procell&.~\ Our lateft Accounts of this 
 Sea defcribe it as extremely tempeftuous andinconftant ; ex- 
 poled on every Side to Storms, without Harbours for Ship- 
 ing ; and navigable only from the End of April to the Begin-r 
 ning of Oftober. Horace therefore fpeaks with his ufual 
 Exaftnefs, and charaderifes the Cafpian Sea. SAN. 
 
 4. Armeniis in oris.] Armenia is furrounded with Moun- 
 tains continually covered with Snow. The Nature of the 
 
 Soil,
 
 ( 221 ) 
 
 ODE IX. 
 
 NOR everlafting Rain deforms 
 The fqualid Fields, nor endlefs Storms, 
 Inconftant, vex the Cafpian Main, 
 Nor on Armenia's frozen Plain 
 The loitering Snow unmelting lies, 
 Nor, loud when Northern Winds arife, 
 The labouring Forefts bend the Head, 
 Nor yet their leafy Honours fhed ; 
 But you in ceafelefs Tears complain^ 
 And ftill indulge this weeping Strain. 
 When Vefper lifts his Evening Ray, 
 Or flies the rapid Beam of Day, 
 The Death of Myftes fills your Eyes, 
 And bids the tender Paffion rife. 
 
 Not 
 
 Soil, which is impregnated with Salt, contributes to the 
 Coldnefs of the Climate, nor is it uncommon to fee Froft 
 and Snow there in the Month of June. SAN 
 
 5. Glacies iatfft} Mr. Sanadon frequently blames Horace 
 for an inharmonious flowing of his Lines, and a difagreeable 
 chiming of his Words. He quarrels with him in this Ode 
 for a Length of Confonants, Glades iners menfes per omnes 
 which he would not forgive even in a Poet of thefe Days ' 
 
 Such Remarks very often mew a manly and fpirited Care- 
 leflhefs m a Writer, and perhaps a cold and delicate Exa<Tt- 
 nefs in a Critic. Will it be too bold to fay, that Horace 
 might have intended by this very Length of Confonants to 
 image to us a dull, unaftive, lifelefs Weight of Snow for 
 iuch is the Meaning of the Word iuers? There is in Terence 
 a beautiful Inftance of this kind, which it is impoffible to 
 read without feeling a fort of Tedjoufnefs in the Words. 
 T&det barum quotidianarumformarum. 
 
 9- Urges JtebiMas modis Myjlen] Valgius continually pur- 
 fues (fuchis the Force of the Verb ufyre) with lamentable 
 Elegies the Death of Myftc-s ; a Name, which fignifies con- 
 
 fecrated
 
 222 Q^HORATII FLACClCARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 At non ter zevo fun&us amabilem 
 Ploravit omnes Antilochum fenex 
 
 Annos ; nee impubem parentes i 5 
 
 Troi'lon, aut Phrygiae forores 
 Flevere Temper. Define mollium 
 Tandem querelarum ; ac potius nova 
 Cantemus Augufti tropaea 
 
 Csefaris ; & rigidum Niphaten, 24 
 
 Medumque flumen gentibus additum 
 Vi&is, minores volvere vortices, 
 Intraque praefcriptum Gelonos 
 Exiguis equitare campis. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 fecrated or initiated, for probably the Son of Valgius was de- 
 dicated to fome God, and this was his domelHc Name. 
 
 i o. Nee tili VefperoJ] This Star hath different Names, ac- 
 cording to its different Employments. It is called Lucifer in 
 the Morning, and is reprefented as a Boy fitting on a white 
 Horfe, albo Lucifer exit clarus equo. His Employment was 
 to awake Aurora, Lucifer ignes e<vocet Aurone, and as he was 
 the brighteft of all the heavenly Hoft of Stars, fo he was the 
 laft that left the Skies, caeloque novijfimus exit. 
 
 In the Evening he is mounted on an Horfe of a darker 
 Colour, fufeo equo, and is reprefented with a melancholy, 
 gloomy Afpeft, 'vultum ferrugine Lucifer fparfus erat. He 
 now changes his Name, and is generally called Hefperus. 
 
 If better Thou belong not to the Dawn, 
 Sure Pledge of rifmg Day. MILTON. 
 
 SPENCE'S Polymetis. 
 
 18. Ac potius nova.] This Expedition of Auguftus was the 
 moft glorious of his whole Life. He not only made the Roman 
 Name revered to the utmoft Bounds of Afia and Africa, by 
 impofmg Conditions of Peace upon the Indians and ^Ethio- 
 pians : He not only confirmed the Repofe of the Empire, by 
 eftablifhing in Greece, Sicily, and Afia Minor, a liable and 
 uniform Government, by dividing Armenia, Cilicia, and 
 Arabia, in Favour of Princes attached to the Intereft of the 
 
 Republic, 

 
 Ode 9. THE ODES OF HORACE. 223 
 
 Not for his Son the Grecian Sage, 
 Renown'd for thrice the mortal Age : 
 Not for their youthful Brother dead 
 Such Sorrows Priam's Daughter's flied. 
 At length thefe weak Complaints give o'er, 
 Indulge th' unmanly Grief no more, 
 But let us bolder fweep the String, 
 And Caefar's new-rais'd Trophies ling j 
 Or fmg Niphates' freezing Flood, 
 And Medus, with his Realms, fubdued ; 
 Whofe Waves are taught with humbler Pride 
 Smoother to roll their lefTening Tide, 
 And Scythians, who reludtant yield, 
 Nor pour their Squadrons o'er the Field. 
 
 Republic, but humbled the Pride of the Parthians, by oblig- 
 ing Phraates to reitore the Roman Eagles and Prifoners 
 taken thirty Years before, and to pull down the Trophies 
 that Orodes had erected for the Defeat of Craffus. To per- 
 petuate the Memory of this Succefs, he ftruck a Medal with 
 this Infcription PRO SIGN IS RECEPTIS. SAN. 
 
 21. Medumqueflumen.'] By the River Medus Horace means 
 the Parthians, as he would diftinguiih the Armenians by 
 Niphates. The firft of thefe Rivers divided the Empires of 
 the Romans and Parthians, and it appears by Plutarch, that 
 Horace in calling it Medus hath only given us its ancient 
 Name. Euphrates diSus eft primum Medus. Probably the Tigris 
 is here called Niphates, as it rifes out of a Mountain of that 
 Name. SAN. 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN X. ^/LICINIUM MURENAM; 
 
 RECTIUS vlves, Licini, neque ahum 
 Semper urgendo ; neque, dum procellas 
 Cautus horrefcis, nimium premendo 
 
 Litus iniquum. 
 
 Auream quifquis mediocritateni 5 
 
 Diligit, tutus caret obfoleti 
 Sordibus teti, ,caret invidenda 
 
 Sobrius aula. 
 
 Ssevius ventis agitatur ingeris 
 
 Pinus : excelfas graviore cafu *o 
 
 Decidunt turres ; feriuntque fummos 
 
 Fulgura montes. 
 
 Sperat 
 
 Licinius was a young Man of an ardent, reftlefs, and am- 
 bitious Spirit. He had ruined his Fortune in the Civil Warsj 
 when his Brother Proculeius, with an uncommon Generdfity, 
 divided his Patrimony with him and Terentius. But a State 
 of Dependance and Mediocrity was by no means fuited to 
 his Humour, and having engaged himielf in a Confpiracy 
 againft Auguftus, he was banimed, and afterwards put to 
 Death, notwithflanding all the Intereil of Proculeius, and 
 Maecenas, who had married his Sifter Terentia. 
 
 Horace, who knew his Temper, lays down fome general 
 Rules for his Conduct, but without any Application, which 
 could either difoblige or injure him. The Sentiments of 
 this Ode are entirely moral, but enlivened by different Me- 
 taphors, and animated by different Comparifons ; for if Mo- 
 rality be not treated with Art and Spirit, it will difguft by its 
 Drynefs, or grow tedious by its Length. SAN. 
 
 Verf. 9. &CVMW.] Thiy Correction, which con'iifts in a 
 
 fmglc
 
 ODE X. 70 LICINIUS MURENA. 
 
 LICINIUS, would You live with Eafe, 
 Tempt not too far the boundlefs Seas, 
 And when You hear the Tempeft roar> 
 Prefs not too near th' unequal Shore. 
 
 The Man, within the golden Mean, 
 Who can his boldeft Wifh contain, 
 Securely views the ruin'd Cell 
 Where fordid Want and Sorrow dwell, 
 And in himfelf fcrenely great, 
 Declines an envied Room of State. 
 
 When high in Air the Pine afcends 
 To every ruder Blaft it bends : 
 The Palace from its airy Height 
 Falls tumbling down with heavier Weight, 
 And when from Heaven the Lightning flies, 
 It blafts the Hills, which proudeit rife. 
 
 Who 
 
 ngle Letter, is taken from an Edition publifhed in the Year 
 1701, and Mr. Cuningliam hath propofed it in his Notes 
 without condemning it. The Poet both in Juftnefs of Sen- 
 timent and Expreffion fhould fay, Sffuius <vsntis agitaturpinus, 
 after having faid, exceljle gravius turre s decidunt, a.ndfu/gura 
 fummos ferlunt monies. SAN. 
 
 1 2. FulguraJ] This Reading is found in almoft all the an- 
 cient Manufcripts, and St. Jerom has thrice quoted this Paf- 
 fage, and always with the Word Fulgura. From Fulgur is 
 formed Fiilguritum, Thunder -fir uck. LAMB. BENT. CUN. 
 
 VOL. I. Q_
 
 226 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 Sperat infefti:;, metuit fecundis 
 
 Alteram fortem bene praeparatum 
 
 Peftus. Informes hyemes reducit 15 
 
 Jupiter ; idem. 
 
 Summovet. Non, fi male mine, & dim 
 Sic erit. Quondam citharas tacentem 
 Sufcitat Mufam, neque Temper arcum 
 
 Tenclit Apollo. 2 
 
 Rebus anguftis animofus, atquc 
 Fortis appare : fapienter idem 
 Contrahes vento minium fccundo 
 Turgida vela. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 I-;. Metuit fecundis. ] Good Fortune, fays Publius Sirus, is 
 of a glafiy Nature, bright and brittle. Fortuua vilrea eji ; 
 luuCf qidtm jpierulct, franyitur. 
 
 15. Informs* h\>c;>;i>s.~\ This Epithet is bold and uncommon. 
 Winter makes the Face of Nature ugly and deformed. SAN. 
 19. Sufcitat fifu/ato.] Horace is not here {peaking of any 
 particular Mufe, or of the Mufes in general. He rcprefents 
 Apollo holding in one Hand the Infirument of his Dif- 
 pleafure, in the other the Symbol of his Good-humour. 
 Mufa citbarrt'is a poetical Expreffion for the Lyre itfelf, as 
 Alufa tmgaditc figmfies Tragedy. BENT. 
 
 21. Animofm c.tquefcrtis.'] The Poet very juftly joins thefe 
 Kpithets "together. The firft marks only the Difpofition of 
 the Soul ; the lecond means thofe Actions, which ariie from 
 that Difpofition ; or in other Words, Couraec and Fortitude. 
 
 DAC.
 
 Od. 10. THE ODSS OF HORACE. 
 
 Who e'er enjoys th' untroubled Breaft, 
 With Virtue's tranquil Wifdom bleft, 
 With Hope the gloomy Hour can chear, 
 And temper Happinefs with Fear. 
 If Jove the Winter's Horrours bring, 
 Great Jove reftores the genial Spring j 
 Then let us not of Fate complain, 
 For foon fhall change the gloomy Scene, 
 Apollo fometimes can inipire 
 The filent Mufe, and wake the Lyre : 
 The deathful Bow not always plies, 
 Th' unerring Dart not always flies. 
 When Fortune, various Goddefs, lowers, 
 Collecl: your Strength, exert your Powers^ 
 But, when me breathes a kinder Gale, 
 Wifely contrail your f welling Sail.
 
 ( 228 ) 
 
 CARMEN XI. ./^/QUINTIUM HIRPINUM. 
 
 QUID bellicofus Cantaber, & Scythes, 
 Hirpine Quinti, cogitet, Adria 
 Divifus obje&o, remittas 
 
 Quaerere ; neu trepides in ufum 
 
 Pofccntis aevi pauca. Fugit retro 5 
 
 Levis juventas & decor, arida 
 Pellente lafcivcs Amores 
 
 Canitie, facilcmque Somnum. 
 Non Temper idem floribus eft honor 
 Vernis : neque uno Luna rubens nitet I O 
 
 Vultu. Quid ieternis minorem 
 
 Confiliis animum fatigas ? 
 
 Cur 
 
 The Defign of this Ode is well fupported. The Opening 
 is ferious, but the Scene grows lively by Degrees, and the 
 two.Aftors at the End are feated in a rural Arbour near a 
 River's Side calling for Wine and Mufic. SAN. 
 
 Verf. i . Cantaber, & Scythes.] The Commentators have 
 thrown away a great deal of Learning to fix the Date of 
 this Ode. They firft fuppofe it was written when the Can- 
 tabrians and Scythians were actually in Arms againftthe Re- 
 public, and then labour to prove it by Hiftory, and to re- 
 concile the different Revolts of thofe Nations to the fame 
 Time. 
 
 The Words of Horace do not neceflarily mean, that the 
 War was yet begun. The Word cogitet rather implies the 
 Defigns of thefe People, than their being really in Aftion. 
 The Poet only advifes his Friend not to torment himfelf with 
 diftant or vifionary Terrours either for his own, or for the 
 public Welfare. .i/V bellicojut Can taker & Scythes cogitet, 
 remittas qu<?rere : mil trepiJcs in ufum pofcentis (twi pauca; 
 This Language doth not neceflarily mean, that thefe People 
 were adlually in Arms, but that their Fidelity could be little 
 depended upon, and that fume new Revolt might be foon 
 expeded. 
 
 We
 
 ( 229 ) 
 
 ODE XI. To QIHNTIUS HIRPINUS, 
 
 BE not anxious, Friend, to know 
 What the fierce Cantabrian Foe, 
 What intends the Scythian's Pride, 
 Far from Us whom Seas divide. 
 Tremble not with vain Defires, 
 Few the Things which Life requires 
 Youth with rapid Swiftnefs flies, 
 Beauty's Luftre quickly dies, 
 Wither'd Age drives far away 
 Gentle Sleep, and amorous Play. 
 When in vernal Bloom they glow 
 Flowers their gayeft Honours {how, 
 Nor the Moon with equal Grace 
 Always lifts her ruddy Face. 
 Thus while Nature's Works decay, 
 Bufy Mortal, prithee fay, 
 Why do you fatigue the Mind, 
 Not for endlefs Schemes defign'd ? 
 
 Thus 
 
 We can only pronounce with Certainty, from the eighth 
 and fifteenth Lines, that the Ode was written when Horace 
 and Quintius were largely part their Youth. SAN. 
 
 5. Fugit retro levisju<ventas.~\ This general Refleaion ferves 
 to prove the Senfe of the Ode, as it appears in the laft Note. 
 Life, for its real Happinefs, requires very little more than 
 Neceflaries, and the Shortnefs of it breaks all our Schemes. 
 The Pifturc of dry and withered Age chacing away Youth, 
 the Loves, and Sleep, is delicate and natural Imagery. SAN. 
 
 9. Nonfemper ictemf.oribus.'] Nothing is lefs durable than 
 
 Flowers in Spring; nothing more changeable than the Moon; 
 
 yet thefe are the beft Images of human Life. Why t'.icn 
 
 fhould Creatures, by Nature formed to Mortality, fatigue 
 
 O them-
 
 23 Q^HORATII FJ.ACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Cur non fub alta vel platanq, vcl hac 
 firm jacentes fie tcmere, & rofa 
 
 Canosodorati capillos, je 
 
 Dum licet, Aflyriaque nardo 
 Potamus uncli ? Diffipat Evius 
 Curas edaces. Quis puer ocius 
 Reftinguet ardentis Falerni 
 
 Pocula praetcreunte lympha ? 20 
 
 Quis devjum fcortum eliciet domp 
 Lyden ? eburqa, die age, cum lyra 
 Maturet, incomtam Lacaenae 
 More comam religata nodum. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 themfelves with endlefs and uncertain Projects ? From thefe 
 grand Principles a chearful Enjoyment of" the prefent Hour 
 is a. Conclufion not unworthy oi an Epicurean MoralilK 
 
 TOR. SAN. 
 
 58. Quis puer. ~] The Poet's Invitation inftantly paffes into 
 Aftion. Thefe Vivacities are ui"ual to him, ef{>ecialiy when 
 lie propofes a Party of Pleafure. 
 
 21. '3>uis de<viuj>i.~] There are almoft as many different 
 OpiniQns upon this Strophe, as there are different Commen- 
 tators. They have enquired, with very grave and learned 
 Curjofity, into the Meaning pf almoft every Word, and yet 
 have left the Senfe uncertain, although not undetermined. 
 
 Torrcntius, for the Honour of Horace, afTerts, from the 
 Word elicct (which fhews that lome Art was necefiary to the 
 Invitation) that Lyde was no common Proftitute. To which 
 Remark, her being at home adds no inconfiderable Strength. 
 Swtum is a coarfe Name for a Woman of themoft infamous 
 Charader, and Lyde feems tp be fent for to the prefent En- 
 ^ertainment more for her Mufic, than her Beauty. 
 
 JJut a DifHcultv of more Moment arifes with regard to 
 Lydc's Drpfs- Horace deiires Her to tie her Hair c'arelefly 
 like the Lacedaemonian Ladies, whom Virgil defcribcs with 
 Hair loofe and flowing in the Wind. 
 
 Mr. J)acier reconciles the two Poets by afTuring us, that 
 Virgil defcribes a Spartan Maid, and Horace means a Spar- 
 ('fir ^Matron ; that in Greece, and particularly in Lacedrcmon, 
 
 the
 
 Od. IT. THE ODES OF HORACE. 231 
 
 Thus beneath this lofty Shade, 
 Thus in carelefs Freedom laid, 
 While Aflyrian EfTence fheds 
 Liquid Fragrance on our Heads, 
 W^hile we lie with Rofes crown'd, 
 Let the chearful Bowl go round : 
 Bacchus can our Cares controul, 
 Cares that prey upon the Soul. 
 
 Who fhall from the patting Stream 
 Quench our Wine's Falernian Flame ; 
 Who the vagrant Wanton bring, 
 Miilrefs of the Lyric String, 
 With her flowing Trefies tied, 
 Carelefs like a Spartan Bride. 
 
 the young Women had their Hair loofe, and their Heads 
 uncovered ; which were Faihions forbidden to the Spartan 
 Matrons. Flato thus accounts for tlic Cuiioni ; that the 
 young Maidens of Laced:cinon were taught all the manly 
 Exercifes of hunting, wreftling,-crV. but die Wives were con- 
 fined to their domeilic Affairs. Yet there was probably foir.e 
 better Reafon for a Cuftom, which not only prevailed in 
 Greece in general, but was received by the Rcnians. Their 
 common Women were obliged to tie their Hair, when they 
 appeared in public, to diiiinguifli tliein from Women of 
 Virtue. 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN XII. ./&/MJECENATEM. 
 
 NO L I S longa ferae bell a Numantiae 
 Nec durum Aunibalern, nec Siculum mare, 
 Poeno purpureum fanguine, mollibus 
 
 Aptari citharae modis ; 
 
 Nec faevos Lapithas, & nimium mero j| 
 
 HyLxum ; domitofque Herculea manu 
 Tellqrisjuvenes, unde periculurn 
 Fulgens contremuit domus 
 
 Satumi 
 
 The Subject of this Ode is almoft the fame as that of two. 
 Others, Scrib?ris Vario and Pir.darum ijui/'quis, but the Conduct 
 is different. There is not here any Allegory, and the Rea- 
 fons, with which the Poet excufcs Himfelf for not writing 
 of Wars and Conquefts, are more natural and more enlarged. 
 Jt appears by the eleventh Yerfe, that the Ode was written 
 before the Year 725, and they, who are fond of guefling, 
 may naturally affign any following Year. SAN. 
 
 Verf. i. Fer<e Numtdtti*.'] Nuniantia is here called ftra 
 for the Fiercenefs of its Inhabitant!;, who chofe to dcftroy 
 themfelves by Sword, and Fire, and Foifon, rather than 
 yield to the Roman People. DAC. 
 
 2. Durum.} Dodtor B'entley. Mr. Cuningham, and Sana- 
 don, have received this Epithet jnfteadof dirum. Jt is found 
 in the greater Number of Copies, and in fome of the firtl 
 Editions. It makes an Opposition to mollibus, that is not 
 difagreeable, and Virgil uics the Expreffion Scipiadat duros 
 bello. 
 
 3. Mollibiis mod:s.~\ The Poet does not mean, as fome 
 Commentators underftand him, that grave or tragic Subjects , 
 do not agree with Lyric Poetry. This Aflertion were abfo- 
 lutely falfe, and the Odes of Pindar and Horace are a Proof 
 pf the contrary. " He only fays, that his own Lyre has no 
 other Sound?, but what are proper for Love, and that it re- 
 fufes all Subjects of Grandeur and Sublimity. 
 
 Mr. Dacier and fome other Commentators believe, that 
 this Ode was written upon the Marriage of Mascenas with 
 If this were true, the Poet very ill excufes him- 
 
 fclf
 
 ( 233 ) 
 
 ODE XII. 1o MAECENAS. 
 
 NUMANTIA's Wars, for Years maintain'd, 
 Or Hannibal's vindictive Ire, 
 Or Seas with Punic Gore diftainM, 
 
 Suit not the Softnefs of my feeble Lyre ; 
 
 f*Jor the fierce Broils and favage Mirth 
 Of Centaurs deep with Wine imbru'd ; 
 
 Nor the gigantic Sons of Earth 
 
 By Force Herculean glorioufly fubdu'd : 
 
 That Earth-born Race, with dire Alarms 
 Who fhook the ftarry Spheres above, 
 
 And impious dar'd with horrid Arms 
 Boldly defy th' Omnipotence of Jove. 
 
 You 
 
 felf upon Account of his Amours, for not attempting an 
 Ode upon the Conquefts and Triumphs of Oftavius, when 
 at the fame Time he preiles Mrecenas to write an Hittory of 
 them. Terentia was at leaft as good an Excufe, as any of 
 fhe Poet's Miftreffes. SAN. 
 
 5. Necfffvos Lapifnas.] Mr. Dacierisaftonimed, that none 
 of the Commentators have difcovered the Allegory, under 
 which Horace compares the civil War, in which Brutus and 
 Cafiius were conquered by Auguftus, to the War in which 
 {he Giants were fubdued by Hercules ; and again to the 
 Quarrel of the Lapithai, in which Hylreas fo naturally rc- 
 prefents Antony in his Excefies of Wine and Luxury with 
 Cleopatra. But, befides the Confufion of comparing thefe 
 Generals firfttothe Lapithse, and immediately afterwards to 
 the Giants, the Poet always treats them with more Refpedl 
 and Decency. He had ferved under Brutus, and he lived 
 in too much Friendmip with the Son of Antony, who was 
 now well efleemed by Augultus, to compare his Father with 
 the drunken Hylaus. SAN. 
 
 8. Contrtinuit.] The Confl^uclion c cntreir.ifcere fericulvm is 
 
 very
 
 234 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Saturni veteris : tuque pedeftribus 
 
 Dices hifloriis proelia Caefaris, 1 o 
 
 Maecenas, melius, du&aque per vias 
 
 Regum colla minantium. 
 Me dulces domince Mufa Licymniae 
 Cantus, me voluit dicere lucidum 
 Fulgentes oculos, & bene mutuis 15 
 
 Fidum pe&us amoribus j 
 
 Quam 
 
 very unufual. Virgil hath an Expreflion of the fame Kind, 
 fonitmnque pedum, <uocetnque tremifco. SAN. 
 
 9. Tuque pedeftribusJ] It appears, by the Teftimony of Ser- 
 vius, that Maecenas wrote the Life of Auguftus, and Pliny 
 quotes fome Paflages from it. But, whether he were then 
 engaged in the Work, or only defigning it, Horace hath ta- 
 ken, a very delicate Manner of flattering both Auguftus and 
 Mxcenas. I am only capable of finging the Wars of Nttman- 
 tium, of Hannibal, or the fabulous Battles of the Giants, if 
 Leve would permit me to attempt fuch Kinds of Subjefis ; but no- 
 thing left than Maecenas can hope to celebrate the Conquefls of 
 Anguftiis ; as if they were fuperiour to all the If'onders of Hiftory 
 or Fable. We may again obferve, that while Horace excufes 
 himfelf, upon Account of his Amours, from attempting fuch 
 a Work, he mult with a very bad Grace have propofeu it to 
 Maecenas at the Time of his Engagements with Terentia. 
 
 SAN, 
 
 Pedeftribus hiftoriis.'} Horace ufes the Exprefiions Mufa pe- 
 dejlrii and Sermo pedeftris for a Style fimple and natural. Here 
 he oppoleth Poetry to Hiftory, which, if we may be allowed 
 fuch an Exprefiion, walks on Foot, and never rifes above 
 the Earth. The Style of Hiftory ought to be ftrong, yet 
 common ; its Di&ion chafte and flowing ; modeft even in 
 its Ornaments, it avoids whatever hath an Appearance of 
 Afreftation. But Poetry, and efpecially Lyric Poetry, foars 
 into the Clouds ; its Sentiments are noble, its Turns bold, 
 its Expreffions figurative j Nature is always feen, but Nature 
 in her richeftDvefs. TORR. SAN. 
 
 12. Mi-
 
 Od. 1 2. THE ODIS OF HORACE. 235 
 
 You in hiftoric Profe mall tell 
 
 The mighty Power of Casfar's War ; 
 How Kings beneath his Battle fell, 
 
 And drag'd indignant his triumphal Car. 
 
 Licymnia's Voice, Licymnia's Eye, 
 
 Bright-darting its refplendent Ray, 
 Her Breaft, where Love and Friendmip lie, 
 
 The Mufe commands me fing in fofter Lay ; 
 
 12. Minantiitm.~] This Epithet, which reprefents the Kings, 
 whom Augultus had fubdued, ftill preferring the Terrours 
 and Threats of Liberty even in Chains, is no mean Honour 
 to their Conqueror. TORR. 
 
 13. Licymnite.'] Deep and learned are the Difpute's of the 
 Commentators, whether we ought to read Licinia or.Li<ym- 
 nia, whether it be a real or a feigned Name, and laftly 
 whether She was Miftrefs to Maecenas or the Poet. Mr. 
 Dacier, who declares for Licinia, tells us, that the Grecian 
 Hiftorians read either Licinius, or Lichmius, from whence 
 Horace hath taken the Liberty of lengthening the fecond 
 Syllable. But the Manner of the Greeks and Romans in 
 writing and pronouncing their Words was vaftly different ; 
 nor can the Grecians be fufficient Directors for meafuring and 
 writing a Language to which they were Strangers ; and 
 although They frequently fpell the fame Word differently, 
 yet the Latin Poets very feldom alter their Quantities. Be- 
 fides, the two Hiftorians, in whofe Works alone we find the 
 Name in Difpute, before the Auguftan Age, always write 
 Licinnios, not Licinios. It is true it appears differently JQ 
 Writers fmce that Time, but they cannot be of any 
 Authority. 
 
 Whether it be a real or feigned Name, is difficult to de- 
 termine; but the Scholiaft Acron is furelymiftaken when he 
 fays, that Horace always ufes uncertain, for certain Namec, 
 as me dukes dominie M*Ja Licinice, pro Terentite. It muft either 
 
 be
 
 236 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Quam nee ferre pedem dedecuit choris, 
 Nee certare joco, nee dare brachia 
 Ludentem nitidis virginibus, facro 
 
 Dianae Celebris die. 23 
 
 Num tu, quae tenuit dives Achaemenes, 
 Aut pinguis Phrygiae Mygdonias opes 
 Permutare veils crine Licymmae, 
 
 Plenas aut Arabum dornos ? 
 
 bum 
 
 be an Errour of the Tranfcribers, or Acron. muft contradift 
 hh'ifelf, in faying Licinia was an uncertain Name forTe- 
 rcntia, when indeed it was her adopted, Family-Name. It 
 was not unufual among the Lati$ Poets to difguife the Names 
 of the Perfons, whom they described, under Words of the 
 fame Syllables and Meafures, by which, and by the Chara- 
 fter in general, They might eaiily be known. But Dodlor 
 Bentley fufiiciently proves, that the Scholiaft is miflaken in 
 another Inllance of this Kind, and at the fame Time allures 
 HS, that the greateft Number and oldeft Manufcripts read 
 Licymnite. 
 
 The Reafoning of the Poet, the Conduct and Decencies 
 of the Ode, alone determine whether Licymnia was the 
 Mrftrefs of Horace or Maecenas. If we fuppofe her Maece- 
 nas's Miftrefs, the Poet's Reafoning lies thus : You alone, O 
 Mftcenas, are capable of writing the ViElories of Augujlus. You 
 lo-ve Terentia j / lave her alfo, The PoJfeJJion of her Beauties 
 appears to You more valuable, than all the Riches of the Vl'orlii ; 
 ivki/g the Mufe commands tat to Ji'ig thoje Beauties, and forfake 
 c.11 other Subjefis. 
 
 In good Truth, if we fuppofe Maecenas in Love with Te- 
 rentia, and ready to marry her, die Poet could, with very 
 little Decency, lay upon 'him the Labour of writing the 
 Conquefts of Auguftus, while he holds himfelf excufed for 
 his own lighter Amours ; and furely it was a very carelefs 
 Indifcretion to talk of his Patron's Miftrefs, in fuch tender, 
 paffionate Language, as makes it difficult to diilinguifh the 
 Poet from the Lover. SAN.
 
 Od. 12. THE ODES OF HORACE. 237 
 
 In Raillery the fportive Jeft, 
 
 Graceful her Step in dancing charms, 
 When playful at Diana's Feaft 
 
 To the bright Virgin Choir fhe winds her Arms. 
 
 Say, fliall the Wealth by Kings pofleft, 
 
 Or the rich Diadems They wear, 
 Or all the Treafures of the Eaft, 
 
 Purchafe one Lock of my Licymnia's Hair ? 
 
 While 
 
 17. Quam nee ferre pedemJ] Licymnia was perhaps a Wo- 
 man of Diftinction, whofe Birth and Fortune might entitle 
 her to the Honour of dancing at Diana's Feftival ; or, if 
 Licymnia were a real Name, She was perhaps a Daughter 
 of Julius Licymnius, who was a Freedman of Julius Csefar, 
 and by Auguitus made Governor of Gaul. SAN. 
 
 1 8. Cert are jocoJ] By the Word certare the Poet alludes to 
 a Cuftom among the Greeks and Romans of difputing the 
 Prize of Raillery on their feftival Days. It appears by a 
 Paffiige in Ariftophanes, that the Vidtors in thefe Difputes 
 were publickly crowned by the Greeks. 
 
 Nee dare bracbia ludentemJ] The Verb ludere is by the bell 
 Authors ufed for dancing, and the Exprefilon dare bracbia 
 may in general fignify the Motion and winding of their 
 Arms, or joining their Hands in dancing round the Altar of 
 the Goddefs. TORR. DAC. SAN. 
 
 The Commentators pafs lightly over this Stanza, without 
 confidering, that if their Signification of ludentem be juft, 
 Licymnia is twice in the fame Sentence reprefented dancing. 
 What this Play was, in which She is defcribed giving her 
 Arms to the Virgins at Diana's Feftival, is not eafy to know. 
 The Tranflator acknowledges, he does not underftand the 
 PafTage, and has therefore tranflated it very loofely. 
 
 23. Permutare velis crine Licymnise.~\ Did vou, Meffffias, 
 knoruj like me the Beauties of Licymnia, furely You nuould be 
 cbanned like me, nor exchange one Lock of her Hair for all t'je 
 Treafures of Kings. Thus in the Tranllition of the laft Line, 
 
 ar.d
 
 238 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Dum flagrantia detorquet ad oicula 25 
 
 Cervicem, aut facili fsevitia negat, 
 Quae pofcente magis gaudeat eripi, 
 Iiiterdum rapere occupet. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 You nuouliifnatch, &C. Such is the Language of 
 Lovers in all Ages, who believe, that if others could dif- 
 cover the fame Charms as they imagined in their Miltrelfes, 
 they mult feel them with the fame Tranfport. The Poets 
 are full of fuch Expreflions, which do not neceffarily mean, 
 as Mr. Dacier underftands them, that Licymnia was the 
 Miftrefs of Maecenas. SAN. 
 
 25. Dum flagrantia detorquft.~\ However warm this De - 
 fcription may appear, yet there is nothing in it indecent or 
 immodeft : and if Mr. Sanadon had thought fit to tr.inflate 
 the Strophe, he would have found another Argument to 
 prove that Licymnia was the Poet's Miftrefs. For it muft 
 have been as indecent in Maecenas to have admitted Horace 
 to be Witnefs of fuch Inftances of his Paffion for Terentia, 
 as it would have been impertinent in the Poet to break in 
 upon the Privacies of his Patron.
 
 Od. 12. THE ODES OF HORACE. 239 
 
 While now her bending Neck fhe plies 
 
 Backward to meet the burning Kifs, 
 Then with an eafy Cruelty denies, 
 
 And wifhes you would fnatch, not afk the Blifs. 
 
 ODE
 
 ( 240 ) 
 
 CARMEN XIII. 
 
 'L L E & nefafto te pofuit die, 
 (Quicunque) primum, & facrilegd manu 
 Produxit, arbos, in nepotum 
 
 Perniciem, opprobriumque pagi j 
 
 Ilium 
 
 It may be worth obferving, that there is no Subjeft, how- 
 ever trivial or inconfiderable, which Poetry cannot raife into 
 Grandeur and Dignity. The Fall of a Tree might have 
 alarmed a Writer of Profe, who would coldly have defcribed 
 his Danger ; but the Terrors of a poetical Imagination have 
 tranfported Horace to the very Regions of Death, where he 
 fings the Power of Mufic and Poetry. 
 
 Verf. i . Ille &? nefajlol} AU the Commentators are agreed 
 in acknowledging the Difficulty of this Sentence. Some 
 endeavour to explain it, fome to excufe the Poet, others 
 would alter the Text, and one bolder Critic cuts out the 
 whole Pafiage without condefccnding to give a Reafon for it. 
 Torrentius imagines, that Horace threw this Perplexity into 
 the Beginning of the Ode, more ftrongly to exprefs the Dif- 
 order and Confufion of the Danger he had efcaped ; while 
 Dr. Bentley amends the Text, and afferts, that it is impofiible 
 to find any Senfe in the PaJl'age according to its prefent Form. 
 Mr. Sanadon, who hath found all Explanations faulty, all 
 J uftilications of the Poet insufficient, and all Corrections 
 ufelefs, hath not perhaps fucceeded more happily than Others. 
 Mr. Dacier forms the Sentence in this Manner : O arbor, 
 guicunque te pofuit , & prodxxit, ilk te & pofuit nefafto die, ff 
 Jacrihga manu in nepotum perniciem ; te, inquam, trifle lignum, 
 te caducum in domini capict. Here Dr. Bentley cries out, Hcnu 
 *iuould Horace curje fitch fenfelejs Stuff, if he *vucre to rife from 
 the Dead! Rut wherefore do we delay to 'vindicate the Poet from 
 fuch Barbarifm of Language? Then read, accordir.g to our 
 Edition, 
 
 ILLUM, 6, nefafto te pofuit die 
 Quicuiume primuru, &c. 
 
 ILLUM
 
 C 241 ) 
 
 ODE XIII. 
 
 "VT^HOEVER rais'd and planted Thee, 
 
 Unlucky and pernicious Tree^ 
 In Hour accurs'd with impious Hand 
 (Thou Bane and Scandal of my Land) 
 
 Well 
 
 ILLUM parentis fui 
 Fregifle cervicem. 
 
 You mujl here acknowledge fays the Critic, the Genius of 
 
 jv'criT* CM b m re C/ear > more harmonious, more fa 
 rtted? ^Repetition of l^VM.ar gues Indignation, r *J^ 
 adds Force and Acnmony to the Sentence. Mr. Sanadon, with 
 very little lefs Warmth, afks his Reader, Is there *yS 
 more natural than bis Conxion? Is there any ThL her? 
 \ wT"^ ? ^reformed, explained, orexcufed? Hefanges 
 he Words in the following Manner : jfcfcjj- ''/*, S s 
 to fay, qujfquzs die & p ofuit te p r!mum f afg &> 
 
 manuproduxit ---- ilium vedidcrim, &c 
 
 But if we take away the full Stops, and open the Sentence 
 down to the twelfth Line perhaps ?he Con&uafen may "o? 
 appear fo perplexed. Arbos, yd te Jtatuit agro , ille (gull 
 a<n<?uef utt ) ^ nef a flo te pofuit die primum, ^ facrileJ^ 
 product ,n ncpotumperniciem, ilium &T parentis credidtrim fre- 
 gijje cervtcem ; die <venena Colcha, Sec. 
 
 Nefafiofa.-] The Romans divided their Days into Fafil 
 jndAfe^.. On the A W /, all Kinds of Work d I at 
 Bofineft of the Forum were forbidden, as appears by a Line 
 in Qvrf. WeneMusent, per^uemtria verbafdentl ^ 
 three Words, that Ovid means, were the Form with which 
 
 , wc 
 
 \ \ h r T, Pe r d h l S C Urt : D ' Dlco ' Aonrco By 
 firft he declared that he adminiftered Juftice ; by the fecond 
 he pronounced Sentence ; and by the third, he gave Portion 
 t ! Dl 
 
 , 
 
 ? t r P S ty ! K Dlf ? Ute ' But P rivate S Peritition added 
 to thefe a Number of black, ill-omen'd Days Dies atri 
 upon which any public Calamity had happened 7 Cauo! 
 
 VOL. I, R TT 
 
 ** Horacg
 
 242 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Ilium & parentis crediderim fui 5 
 
 Eregifle cervicem & penetralia 
 SparfuTe nodurno cruore 
 
 Hofpitis : ille venena Colcha, 
 Et quidquid ufquam concipitur ncfas, 
 Tra&avit ; agro qui ftatuit meo 10 
 
 Te trifle lignum, te caducum 
 
 In domini caput immerentis. 
 Quid quifque vitet, nunquam homini fatis 
 Cautum eft in horas. Navita Bofporum 
 
 Poenus perhorrefcit, neque ultra 15 
 
 Cseca timet aliunde fata. 
 
 Horace may either mean, that the Perfon, who planted this 
 accurfed Tree, had violated a religious Holiday, by working 
 upon it ; or, that he had planted it upon fome unfortunate 
 Day. 
 
 i-ofnlt.'] Mr. Sanadon would perfuade us, that Horace 
 hath made ufe of three Verbs ponere, producerc and Jlatuere, 
 which rife above each other, and fignify the planting, raif- 
 ing, and tranfplanting this unfortunate Tree ; that it was 
 planted and raifed among the Sabines, and from thence 
 tranfplanted to the Country-Seat, which Maecenas had given 
 to Horace ; that in its firft Situation it ought to have been 
 the Dlfgrace of the Village, and was fated to be the Death 
 of fome Defendants from him, who planted it ; but in the 
 fecond, particularly threatened the Life of its Mailer. 
 
 This unlucky Inftance of the Critic's Refinement may 
 teach us not to be too curious in finding out Beauties even in 
 a favourite Author ; for, befides the Meanefs of the Climax, 
 Hiftory hath not been fufiiciently careful to inform us of the 
 planting, and tranfplanting this fatal Tree j nor is it pro- 
 bable, that the fame Perfon mould be deitined to the con- 
 tinued Prefervation of it, until it was large enough to kill 
 
 the
 
 Od. 13. THE ODES OF HORACE. 243 
 
 Well may I think the Parricide 
 In Father's Blood his Soul had dyed, 
 Or plung'd his Dagger in the Breaft 
 Of his deep-flumbering, midnight Gueft, 
 Or temper'd every baleful Juice, 
 Which poifonous Colchian Glebes produce, 
 Or if a blacker Crime be known, 
 That Crime the Wretch had made his own, 
 Who on my harmlefs Grounds and me 
 Beftow'd Thee, lucklefs, falling Tree. 
 While Dangers hourly round us rife 
 No Caution guards us from Surprife. 
 All other Deaths the Sailor dares, 
 Who yet the raging Ocean fears ; 
 
 The 
 
 the Poet with its Fall ; or if we fhould extend his Curfes to 
 three Perfons, the Climax becomes very little lefs than Bur- 
 lefque. 
 
 1 1. Caducum.~\ Is here ufed for cafurum, which fhould fall 
 upon its Matter's Head, as if it had been planted with that 
 Deiign. Thus Virgil fays juvenis caducus forcafitrus, or mo~ 
 riturus, a Youth, fated to die. This Accident happened 
 the firft of March> as appears by the eighth Ode of the 
 third Book. SAN. 
 
 13. ^uid-qulfque <vitet.~\ The fecond Part of the Ode, 
 which begins here, pafTes very naturally to the ufelefs Pre- 
 cautions of Mankind to avoid Death. The third Part rifes 
 from an imaginary View of Pluto's Kingdom, and the Elyfian 
 Fields, fur-vse regna Proferpinte, and difcretas piorum Jedes, in 
 which the Poet defcribes the Ghofts with Admiration and 
 Transport liftening to the Songs of Sappho and Alcasus. 
 
 DAC. SAX. 
 
 R 2
 
 244 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 Miles fagittas, & celerem fugam 
 Parthi ; catenas Parthus, & Italum 
 Robur ; fed improvifa lethi 
 
 Vis rapuit, rapietque gentcs. 2C 
 
 Quam pene furvae regna Proferpinas, 
 Et judicantem vidimus ./Eacum, 
 Sedefque difcretas piorum, & 
 
 JEoliis fidibus querentem 
 
 Sappho puellis de popularibus ; 25 
 
 Et te fonantem plenius aureo, 
 Alczee, ple&ro dura navis, 
 
 Dura fugas mala, dura belli ? 
 Utrumque facro digna filentio 
 
 Mirantur umbrae dicere ; fed magis 30 
 
 Pugnas, & exa&os tyrannos 
 
 Denfum humeris bibit aure vulgus. 
 
 Quid 
 
 23; SeJefquc piorum.'] The Poet begins to think how near 
 he was vifiting the Regions below, and feeing his Lyric 
 Friends ; at the very mentioning of whom he ftarts out into 
 an enthufiaftic Rapture, and forgets every Misfortune of 
 human Life. This is the true Spirit and Genius of Lyric 
 Poetry. UPTON on SHAKESPEARE. 
 
 25. Querentem puellis de popularibus. ~\ Madam Dacier, for 
 the Honour of her Sex, undertakes the Defence of Sappho 
 agiinft the Calumnies with which Pofterity had treated her. 
 bue believes that the Songs, which the Ghofts heard with 
 fo much Pleafure, were thofe, which Sappho had really 
 compofcd againft the unreafonable Jealoufies of her Country- 
 women, from which fome Writers have treated her Memory 
 with fo much Cruelty. But the Manner in which me declares 
 herfeif publicly and conitantly againlt her Brother Caraxus, 
 who diflionoured himfelf by his Engagements with the Pro- 
 ftitute Doricaj and that Veneration, which the Mitylenians 
 preferved fox her, even after her Death engraving her Image 
 on their Money, may juftly make us fuipeft that Scandal 
 and Calumny have treated her with their ufual Juftice, in 
 their Defcriptions of the Licentioufnefs of her Manners. 
 
 He*
 
 Od. 13. THE ODES OF HORACE. 245 
 
 The Parthian views with deep Difmay, 
 The Roman Chains, and firm Array ; 
 The Roman dreads the Parthian Speed, 
 His flying War, and backward Reed ; 
 While Death, unheeded, fweeps away 
 The World, his everlafting Prey. 
 
 How near was I thofe dreary Plains, 
 Where Pluto's auburn Confort reigns, 
 Where awful fits the Judge of Hell, 
 Where pious Spirits blifsful dwell, 
 Where Sappho in melodious Strains 
 Of cruel Calumny complains, 
 Alcasus ftrikes the golden Strings, 
 And Seas, and Wars, and Exile fmgs ? 
 Thus while they tune the various Lyre 
 The Chores the facred Sounds admire ; 
 But when Alcaeus lifts the Strain 
 To Deeds of War, and Tyrants flain, 
 In thicker Crouds the lhadowy Throng 
 Drink deeper down the martial Song. 
 
 What 
 
 Her Pafllon forPhaon, extravagant and violent as it was, 
 may be no mean Proof of the Fallhood of the monfhous 
 Vices, with which fhe is charged. 
 
 zj. Ak&e^ Alcseus was Cotemporary, Countryman, and 
 Friend of Sappho ; he is jultly rewarded with a golden 
 Pleftrum (an Inftrument with which they ftruck the Strings 
 of the Lyre) for that Part of his Works, in which he pur- 
 fues the Tyrants of his Country. His Style was clofe, mag- 
 nificent, and chafte. He is frequently like to Komer, but 
 he defcends into Sports and Love, although naturally form- 
 ed to more exalted Subjedls. Such is the Character given 
 him by Quintilian, which confirms the Paffage in Horace : 
 Aktzus in parte opens aureo pleflro merito donatur, qua Tyrannos 
 infeclaiur. Multum etiam moribus confert, in eloquent bre*uis, 
 & magnifcus, & diligent, plerumque Homero Jimilis, fed in lufus 
 & amores defcendit, majoribus tamen aptior. 
 
 R 3 Cruquius
 
 246 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. a. 
 Quid minim ? ubi illis cai'minibus ftupens 
 Demittit atras bellua centiceps 
 
 Aures, & intorti capillis 35 
 
 Eumenidum recreantur angues ? 
 Quin & Prometheus, & Pelopis parens 
 Dulci laborem decipitur fono ; 
 Nee curat Orion leones, 
 
 Aut timidos agitare lyncas. 4$ 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 Cruquius underftands by the golden Ple&rum, that golden 
 Liberty which Alczeus had purchafed for his Countrymen by 
 expelling their Tyrants. 
 
 Na<vis.] The Poet ufes navls for navigatio, and under- 
 ftands by it all Dangers of the Sea, which Alcasus had ex- 
 perienced. SAN. 
 
 38. Laborem decipitur.'] Doctor Bentley afiures us, that 
 this Reading appears in the greater Number of Copies. Mr. 
 Cuningham and Sanadon have received it into the Text. 
 Decipitur is ufed in the fame Senfe as decipit, fallit. Thus 
 we find expleri mentem in Virgil, and pingitur alvum in Ovid, 
 and in Horace himfelf Qui purgor bilem, which muft all be 
 conftrued in an aftive Senfe. 
 
 39. Nfc curat Orion leones.~\ Orion, who had loved hunting 
 when he lived, is here defcribed purfuing the fame Sport, 
 when he died. The Antients believed, that the Ghofts of 
 the departed retained the fame Paffions, as thofe with which 
 they were animated upon Earth.
 
 Od. 13. THE ODES OF HORACE. 247 
 
 What Wonder ? When with bending Ears 
 
 The Dog of Hell aftonifh'd hears, 
 
 And, in the Furies' Hair entwin'd, 
 
 The Snakes with chearful Horrour wind, 
 
 While charm'd by the melodious Strain 
 
 The tortur'd Ghofts forget their Pain, 
 
 Nor Lyon's Rage, nor Lynx's Flight, 
 
 Orion's raptur'd Soul delight. 
 
 R 4 ODE
 
 ( 2 4 8) 
 
 CARMEN XIV, .// POSTUMUM. 
 
 EHEU! fiigaces, Poftume, Poftume, 
 Labuntur anni ; nee pietas moram 
 Rugis, & inftanti fenec"be 
 
 AfFeret, indomitasque inorti. 
 
 Non fi trecenis, quotquot eunt dies, 
 
 Amice, places illacrymabilem 
 Plutona tauris ; qui ter amplum 
 
 Geryonen, Tityonque trifti 
 Compefcit unda, fcilicet omnibus, 
 Quicunque terrae munere vefcimur, JO 
 
 Enaviganda j five reges, 
 Sive inopes erimus colon! . 
 
 Fruftra 
 
 In fome Manufcripts this Ode appears with the Tide DE 
 SUPERSTITIONE, againft SuperfHtion. Yet Horace endea- 
 vours not only to fortify Poftumus againft the Fvars of Death 
 but exhorts him to enjoy the good Things of Life with 
 Chearfulnefs and Tranquility. fnftead of cold Advice, and 
 formal Arguments, all his Refleftions upon the Shortnefs of 
 Life, and Certainty of Death, are taken from a Philofophy 
 very conformable to the Sentiments of Nature, and animated 
 with a Variety, which makes it appear ever new. DAC. SAN. 
 
 Veri. i . Pojfume.] Grammarians have long difputed whe 
 ther we ought to write Pofi ttMtt or Pofhu, Voflius a/lures 
 us, that the ; Ancients always wrote Poftumus, which is con- 
 firmed by all Infcnptions on Medals without Exception It 
 is equally uncertain to whom this Ode is addreffed, as at 
 yhat Time it was written. SAN 
 
 2. Labuntur
 
 ( 249 ) 
 
 ODE XIV. 70 POSTUMUS. 
 
 TTQW fwiftiy glide our flying Years ! 
 J- -*- Alas ! nor Piety, nor Tears 
 
 Can ftop the fleeting Day 5 
 Deep-furrow'd Wrinkles, pofting Age, 
 And Death's unconquerable Rage, 
 
 Are Strangers to Delay. 
 
 Though every Day a Bull fhould bleed 
 To Pluto, bootlefs were the Deed, 
 
 The Monarch tearlels reigns, 
 Where Vultur-tortur'd Tityos lies, 
 And triple Geryon's monftrous Size 
 
 The gloomy Wave detains. 
 
 Whoever taftes of earthly Food 
 Is doom'd to pafs the joylefs Flood, 
 
 And hear the Stygian Roar ; 
 The fceptred King, who rules the Earth, 
 The labouring Hind of humbler Birth 
 
 Muft reach the diftant Shore. 
 
 The 
 
 z.Labunturfugaces ami.] The Poet very happily exprefles 
 the Motion of Time, which paffeth away without being per- 
 ceived. The Epithet marks the Rapidity of its Flight, and 
 the Verb fhews how imperceptible that Rapidity. The 
 
 Word
 
 2 5 Qi HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2, 
 Fruflra cruento Marte carebimus, ' 
 Fractifque rauci fluclibus Adria; : 
 
 Fruftra per Autumnos nocentem 1 5 
 
 Corporibus metuemus Auftrum. 
 Vifendus ater flumine languido 
 Cocytus errans, & Dana'i genus 
 Infame, damnatufque longi 
 
 Sifyphus bolides laboris. 2O 
 
 Linquenda tellus, & domus, & placens 
 Uxor : neque harum, quas colis, arborum 
 Te, praster invifas cupreflbs, 
 
 Ulla brevem dominum fequetur. 
 
 Abfumet 
 
 Word labuntur is properly applied to Rivers, whofe Courfe, 
 however flow it may appear, yet is really fwift ; as Time is 
 really flying away, even when it feems to flop, 
 
 f lt &* f uumjtare <videtur. DAC. SAN. 
 
 22. <%uas colis arbores.] The Romans were paffionately 
 fond of Trees, and fo curious in their Culture of them, that 
 they often watered them, if fuch an Expreflion may be al- 
 lowed, with Wine. The Cyprefs was facred to Pluto and 
 Proferpine, and various are the Reafons why it was ufed in 
 Funerals. Either from a vulgar Errour, that it dies if it be 
 pruned ; or becaufe it was ufeful in preserving a dead Body 
 from Corruption ; or, being thrown into the Pile, it corrected 
 the offenfive Stench of the burning Carcafe. A Branch of 
 it was placed over the Door of the Houfe where any Perfon 
 died, that the Pontiff might not be polluted by entering into 
 it. LAMB. 
 
 24. Brevem
 
 Od. 14. THE ODES or HORACE. 25 f 
 
 The broken Surge of Adria's Main, 
 Hoarfe-founding, we avoid in vain, 
 
 And Mars in Blood-ftain'd Arms ; 
 The Southern Blaft in vain we fear, 
 And Autumn's Life-annoying Air 
 
 With idle Fears alarms ; 
 
 For all muft fee Cocytus flow, 
 Whofe gloomy Water fadly flow, 
 
 Strays through the dreary Soil, 
 The guilty Maids, an ill-fam'd Train ! 
 And, Sifyphus, thy Labours vain 
 
 Condemn'd to endlefs Toil. 
 
 Thy pleafmg Confort muft be left, 
 And You of Villa's, Lands, bereft, 
 
 Muft to the Shades defcend ; 
 The Cyprefs only, hated Tree ! 
 , Of all thy much-lov'd Groves, fhall Thee, 
 
 Its fliort-liv'd Lord attend. 
 
 Then 
 
 24. Brevcm dominum.~\ Some of the Commentators, know- 
 ing that bre-vis hath two Significations, with very learned 
 Subtlety have conftrued brevem dominum, <wbo is confined to a 
 fmall Space, as if Horace alluded to his Urn. Perhaps, his 
 Expreffion is not perfectly exaft, but, one would think, it 
 required fome Art to miftake his Meaning.
 
 252 CX HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Abfumet heres Caecuba dignior 25 
 
 Servata centum clavibus, & mero 
 Tinget pavimentum fuperbus, 
 
 Pontificum potiore Ccenis. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 27. Mero tinget pavimentum fuperbus. ~\ In this Strophe the 
 Poet recommends to Poftumus a chearful and open Manner 
 of living, by afiuring him, that his Heir, more worthy of 
 his Fortune by knowing how to enjoy it, ftiall in his Pride 
 and Prodigality proftifely ftain the Floor with his richeft 
 Wines. Doclor Bentley would approve of our Reading pa- 
 'vimentum fuperbum Pontifcum, for He thinks it a noble Ex- 
 preffion to fay, a Floor proud of being ftained with Liquor fo 
 excellent, although he allows, that the Weight of Confonants 
 is harlh and difagreeable. And yet this very Expreffion feems 
 to have fomething hard, That a Floor Jh*uld be proud of the 
 Wine which jiains it ; and the Dodlor himfelf rejefts it for 
 
 fuperbo, which is fomewhat faulty, as it gives two Epithets 
 to mero without railing the Senfe. Mr. Sanadon, from a 
 Conjefture of Mr. Cuningham, re&ds/uperbfs, which indeed 
 is not liable to either of thefe Objections, and yet the Senfe 
 is ftrong, and perfecl without it, fince nothing can add to 
 the Luxury or Pride of a Pontiff's Feaft. If then we read 
 fuperbus, which was firft propofed by Barthius, we (hall have 
 a new Thought added to the Stanza, and behold the very 
 Aftion of Pride and Infolence, with which this extravagant 
 Heir lavifheth away his Wine, while the Epithet, thrown to 
 the End of the Period, keeps up the Force and Spirit of the 
 Senfe ; a Manner of Writing very ufual in Horace. 
 
 28. Pontificum potiore caenisJ] Mr. Dacier is extremely well 
 reconciled to the French Tongue, for not being liable to the 
 Doubts, that perplex the Reader in thefe Words, which may 
 bear three different Conftrudlions ; that this Wine was of 
 greater Price than whole Feafts of the Pontiffs ; that it might 
 be better employed in thofe Feafts j or thirdly, that it was 
 more excellent, than what was drunk at fuch Entertainments. 
 Mr. Dacier declares for the fecond, which feems to him to 
 have the Turn of a religious Sentiment, as if this Wine 
 ought to be referved for the Pontiff's Feftival. Mr. Sanadon 
 hath chofen the firft Conftruftion ; and this Tranflation takes 
 the laft, as it appears molt natural and eafy. The Words 
 
 may
 
 Od. 14. THE ODES OF HORACE. 253 
 
 Then (hall your worthier Heir difcharge, 
 And fet th' imprifon'd Cafks at large, 
 
 And dye the Floor with Wine, 
 So rich and precious, not the Feafts 
 Of Pontiffs chear their ravifh'd Guefts 
 
 With Liquor more divine. 
 
 may indeed bear a fourth Meaning ; potiore caems by an El- 
 lipfis potiore in ccenit may fignify the beft Wine even at a 
 Pontiff's Feaft. 
 
 Upon Admiffion of a new Member into their College, a 
 Feaft was prepared for the Pontiffe, Augurs, and Veftal 
 Virgins, with moil religious Luxury. 
 
 ODE
 
 254 
 
 CARMEN XV. 
 
 JAM pauca aratro jugera regise 
 Moles relinquent ; undique latius 
 Extenta vifentur Lucrino 
 
 Stagna lacu j platanufque coelebs 
 
 Evincet ulmos : turn violaria, & 5 
 
 Myrtus, & omnis copia narium, 
 Spargent olivetis odorem, 
 
 Fertilibus domino priori. 
 Turn fpifla ramis laurea fervidos 
 
 Excludet ius. Non ita Romuli 10 
 
 Praefcriptum, & intonfi Catonis 
 Aufpiciis, veterumque norma. 
 
 Privatus 
 
 The Poet, in this Ode, oppofes the Magnificence and 
 Expence of the prefent Romans, in their Buildings, Plan- 
 tations and Gardens, to the Simplicity and Frugality of their 
 Anceftors, by whom the Public Edifices, and Temples of 
 the Gods, were thought the npbleft Monuments of true 
 Grandeur, as well as of Piety., 
 
 The Wealth, brought, into Rome by ravaging and plun- 
 dering the World, was employed, with a Wantonneis aimoft 
 incredible, in the laft Excefles of Extravagance and Luxury. 
 Thefe Excefies vitiated the Minds, corrupted the Underftand- 
 ing, and broke the Reiblution of a People, notlefs glorious 
 for their Spirit of Liberty, than for their Conqueft of the 
 World. Thus at length they were debafed to a Vilenefs of 
 Slavery unknown to the Nations, whom they had conquered, 
 and infamous to all Pofterity. 
 
 Verf. 6. Copia iiar'nim.} Mr. Sanadon hath very well de- 
 fended the Beauty of this Expreffion againft Mr. Dacier, who 
 
 thinks
 
 255 
 
 ODE XV. 
 
 
 
 IN royal Pride our Buildings rife, 
 The ufelefs Plough neglected lies j 
 Ponds, broad as Lakes, our Fields, o'er-fpread, 
 And barren Planes high wave the Head 
 Above the Elm, while all around, 
 Wafting their Fragrance o'er the Ground 
 Where flourifli'd once the Olive Shade, 
 And its rich Matter's Cares repaid, 
 The Violet and Myrtle greets 
 
 The Senfe a Luxury of Sweets ! 
 
 While vainly would Apollo's Ray 
 Through our thick Laurels pour the Day. 
 
 Not fuch were Cato's ftern Decrees, 
 Nor Romulus by Arts like thefe 
 In Wifdom form'd th' imperial Sway, 
 And bid th' unwilling World obey. 
 
 Though 
 
 thinks it too bold, although he approves of an Expreffion of 
 Herodotus, who calls beautiful Women, the Dijlempers of the 
 Eye ; and of another Greek Writer, who fays, Wknoen are 
 the Feajl of the Sight. In Cicero we find copia agri for the 
 Riches of the Country ; and Catullus calls a Goat, the 
 Poifon of the Nofe, Crudelem naforum interfile peftem. 
 
 10. FerviJos iclus.~] Other Poets have faid, idus Ph&bi, 
 foils, luminis; but Lyric Poetry permits a greater Boldnefs. 
 They, who would read fejlus or ignes, enfeeble the Language, 
 and hazard a Correction, which the Text neither authorifes, 
 nor requires. SA^T.
 
 256 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Privatus illis cenfus erat brevis, 
 Commune magnum : nulla decempedis 
 
 Metata privatis opacam !^ 
 
 Porticus excipiebat Arten : 
 Nee fortuitum fpernere cefpitem 
 Leges fmebant, oppida publico 
 Sumtu jubentes, & Deorum 
 
 Templa novo decorare faxo. 20 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 13. Privatus illis cenfus.] Valerius Maximus hath given 
 us this glorious Character of the ancient Romans, that every 
 one was earneft to increafe the Wealth of his Country, not 
 his own private Fortune ; and chofe rather to be poor in a 
 rich State, than to be rich when the Commonwealth was 
 poor. They aimed, fays Cicero, at the Praifes of Frugality 
 in their domeftic Affairs, and of Dignity in all that con- 
 cerned the Public. 
 
 17. Nee fortuitum cefpitem.~\ This Expreffion hath fome 
 Difficulty. The Commentators in general underftand by 
 it either an hereditary Farm, or the cafual Allotment of 
 the conquered Lands. But in this Senfe, the Oppofition be- 
 tween the Buildings of the modern and ancient Romans, 
 which forms the Beauty of the Ode, is loft. The Tranflator 
 hopes he hath exprefled the natural and unforced Meaning 
 of his Author ; that thefrft Romans built their Houfes of Earth 
 or Brick, nor ivere they curious in their Situation, <vubile they 
 raifed the Temples and public Edifices with Stone. 
 
 1 8. Oppida publico fumtu.~\ In thefe laft Lines we fee the 
 principal Defign of the Poem, and Horace reflects upon 
 Augultus all the Praifes, which he had given to the Laws of 
 the ancient Romans. That Prince had not only rebuilt the 
 public Edifices, which had decayed by Time, or been de- 
 llroyed by Fire, but raifed feveral Temples to the Gods ; 
 fuch as thofe to Mars, the Avenger, to Apollo, to Jupiter, 
 the Thunderer. DA c . 
 
 20. Novo faxo.'] The Antients called anything new, which 
 was ornamental and elegant. TORR.
 
 Od. 15. THE ODES OF HORACE. 257 
 
 Though fmall each perfonal Eftate, 
 The public Revenues were great ; 
 Arcaydes were then by Law confin'd, 
 Nor open'd to the Northern Wind : 
 The cafual Turf, where Fortune pleas'd, 
 The private Dwelling humbly rais'd, 
 While awful to the Powers divine 
 Grateful They built the facred Shrine, 
 And high their public Structures fhone, 
 Enrich'd with ornamental Stone. 
 
 Vot. I. S ODK
 
 CARMEN XVI. ^/POMPEIUM GROSPHUM. 
 
 /^\TIUM divos rogat impotenti 
 ^^ Prenfus -/Ega:o, iimul atra nubes 
 Condidit Lunam, neque certa fulgent 
 
 Sidera nautis : 
 
 Otium bcllo furiofa Thrace, r 
 
 Otium Medi pharetra decori, 
 Grofphe, non gemmis, neque purpura, ve- 
 
 nale, nee auro. 
 
 Nonenim gazae, neque confularis 
 Summovet li&or miferos tumultus 10 
 
 Mentis, & Curas laqueata circum 
 
 Te<5ta volantes. 
 
 Vivitur 
 
 When Horace draws the Morals of Epicurus at their Source, 
 it mail be confefled, that human Wifdom never produced 
 any Syftem more reafonable. The Pleafure of that Philofo- 
 puer, a Pleafure abufed by Libertinifm, and condemned by 
 Jgnorance, confuted in a Tranquility of Mind, refuhing 
 from the Practice of Virtue. From this Principle are de- 
 rived all the fe beautiful Maxims, which our Poet hath dif- 
 perfed through his whole Works, and which appear parti- 
 cularly in this Ode, where he gives fuch Counfel to his 
 Friend, as feems to be dictated by Reafon itfelf. After 
 hax-Ing fpoken of the Repofe 'of the Body in the firft fix 
 Lines,^ he propofeth, as an Object more worthy of our De- 
 fires, the Rapoie of the Soul ; but the Tranfition is fo lightly 
 marked, that it hath efcaped the Commentators. SAN. 
 
 Verf. i. Otium.] It were impertinent to defire the Reader 
 to mark the Beauty of this Repetition, by which the Poet 
 would prove, that Repofe and- Retirement is the general 
 Wim of Mankind, even when they are engaged in their molt 
 aftive, mod ambitious Purfuits. Yet it may be worth ob- 
 faring, that other Poets have made ufe of the fame Repe-
 
 ( 259) 
 
 ODE XVI. 7i POMPEIUS GROSPHUS. 
 
 WHEN Clouds the Moon's fair Luftre hide, 
 No Stars the doubtful Helm to guide ; 
 The Sailor mid the raging Seas 
 Suppliant implores the Gods for Eafe 5 
 For Eafej the warlike Sons of Thrace, 
 The Medes, whom mining Quivers grace, 
 For Eafe, that never can be fold 
 For Gems, for Purple, or for Gold. 
 For neither Wealth, nor Power controul 
 The fickly Tumults of the Soul, 
 Or bid the Cares to ftand aloof, 
 That hover round the vaulted Roof. 
 
 Happy 
 
 titions, and fpoken the fame Language. Thus Tibullus 
 live Times repeats the Word Hope, to mew that it is the 
 common Blefhng of the Unfortunate : thus he ufes the Word 
 Peace as often, to convince us, that it is the moft defirable 
 and valuable Enjoyment of human Life. When Ovid 
 would (hew the Power of Time, he repeats it not lefs than 
 fix Times ; and Catullus, whom perhaps our Poet imitated, 
 hath ufed otium as often in one Strophe. 
 
 JmpotentiJ] The W r ord impatenti appears in fome excellent 
 Manufcripts, and we are obliged to Mr. Sanadon for this 
 very happy Alteration of a fingle Letter. They, who read 
 in patetiti, gi\ r e to the -#igean Sea an Epithet, which by no 
 means agrees to it. Far from being open, it is divided and 
 broken by a Number of IQands, variisfreta conjita fern's, be- 
 iides Rocks and Banks of Sand. The Latins ufe the Word 
 impyf?is in two oppoiite Senfes, as incantts, inf*-aflus, &c. 
 Mart impotent is a Sea violently agitated, and Catullus calls 
 this very Sea by the fame Epithet Impotenti# freta. 
 
 10, Suwnovet.] One Part of the Liftor's Office, was to 
 z remove
 
 260 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 
 Vivitur parvo bene, cui paternum 
 
 Splendet in mensa tenui falinum ; 
 
 Nee leves fomnos timor, aut cupido 15 
 
 Sordidus aufert. 
 
 Quid brevi fortes jaculamur aevo 
 Multa ? quid terris alio calentes 
 Sole mutamus ? patrise quis exul 
 
 Se quoque fugit ? 2O 
 
 Scandit aeratas vitiofa naves 
 Cura; necturmas equitum relinquit, 
 Ocior cervis, & agente nimbos 
 
 Ocior Euro. 
 
 Laetus in praefens animus, quod ultra eft, 25 
 
 Oderit curare, & amara leni 
 Temperet rifu. Nihil eft ab omni 
 
 Parte beatum. 
 
 Abftulit 
 
 remove the Croud, and open a Way for the Magiftrates ; 
 from whence the Poet hath taken this beautiful Image. The 
 Litior may oblige the People, to retire, but cannot drive away the 
 Cares and Troubles of the Soul. The Matrons and Veftal 
 Virgins were not obliged to give way to the Magiitrates, left, 
 
 .under that Pretext, they might be injured or itflulted by the 
 Lifters. DAC- 
 
 14. Splettdet falinum.~\ Happy the Man, ivbo beholds ivjtb 
 Pkffure tlv plain and Jiniple Furniture which his Father left 
 Him. Salt is by Homer called Divine, and by Plato Bt'loveJ 
 by the Gods; fo holy was itefteemed that the Ancients thought 
 an Entertainment impious and profane, if it were forgotten, 
 as they believed that fome Misfortune would happen to the 
 Perfon who flept while it was on the Table. DAC. 
 
 17. Quid brevi fortes.] This is happily expreHed. Our 
 Defires are the Arrows of our Heart*, which we are always 
 aiming beyond the Mark of Life, and, as it were, {hooting 
 ut of Sight. SAN. 
 
 ^ 1 8. Terris.
 
 Od. 1 6. THE ODES OF HORACE. 261 
 
 Happy the Man, whofe frugal Board 
 His Father's Plenty can afford ; 
 His gentle Sleep nor anxious Fear 
 Shall drive away, nor fordid Care. 
 
 Why do we aim with eager Strife 
 At Things beyond the Mark of Life ? 
 Creatures, alas ! whofe boafted Power 
 Is but the Blefiing of an Hour ! 
 To Climates, warm'd by other Suns, 
 In vain the wretched Exile runs > 
 Confuming Cares incetiant charge 
 His Flight, and climb his armed Barge ; 
 Or, though he mount the rapid Steed, 
 Care follows with unerring Speed, 
 Far fleeter than the timorous Hind, 
 Far fleeter than the driving Wind. 
 
 He, who can tafte without Allay 
 The prefent Pleafures of the Day, 
 Should with an eafy, chearful Smile 
 The Bitternefs of Life beguile ; 
 Should all of future Care deteft, 
 
 For nothing is completely bleft. 
 
 Achilles 
 
 1 8 Terns.] Mr. Cuningham hath given us this Altera- 
 tion of the uiual Reading terras, and it is received by Mr. 
 Sanadon. It is more agreeable to the Style of Horace, and 
 renders the Phrafe .complete, by expreflmg both 1 erms o 
 the Change. Terras muft be underftood. 
 
 26. Lenitemperatrifu.-} We are obliged for this Correduon 
 to Doftor Bentley ; all Editions before him read /^,wmc 
 gives a difagreeable Repetition of the fame Epithet in two 
 Lines, without adding to the Strength or Beauty of the Sen-
 
 262 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Abftulit clarum cita mors Achillem : 
 Longa Tithonum minuit ferie&us : 3P 
 
 Et mihi forfan, tibi quod negarit, 
 
 Porriget hora. 
 
 Te greges centum, Siculaeque circum, 
 Mugiunt vaccse ; tibi tollit hinnitum 
 Apta quadrigis equa ; te bis Afro 35 
 
 Murice tin&ae 
 
 Veftiunt lanae : mihi parva rura, & 
 Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camoenae 
 Parca non mendax dedit, ac malignum 
 
 Spernere vulgus. 40 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 tence. Some Manufcripts read lento, which is an Expreffion 
 without Example, nor eafily underftood ; befides lent! makes 
 a pretty Opposition to amarus. SAN . 
 
 29. Abjlulit clarum.'] Achilles was famed for his military 
 Glories ; yet he died in Prime of Life. Tithonus was the 
 Favourite of a Goddefs, but even her Prefent of Immortality 
 became a Burthen to him, and after lingering in a miferable 
 old Age, he was changed into a Grafshopper. Such are the 
 Jnftances, by which Horace would prove, that Mortals never 
 can be completely happy.
 
 Od. 1 6. THE ODES OF HORACE. 263 
 
 Achilles perifh'd in his Prime, 
 Tithon was worn away by Time, 
 And Fate, with lavifh Hand, to Me 
 May grant what it denies to Thee. 
 
 An hundred bleating Flocks are thine, 
 Around Thee graze thy lowing Kine ; 
 Neighing thy Mares invite the Reins, 
 Thy Robes the double Purple flams ; 
 To Me, not unindulgent Fate 
 Beftow'd a rural, calm Retreat, 
 With Art to tune the Roman Lyre, 
 To warm the Song with Grecian Fire, 
 And fcorn, in confcious Virtu6 proud, 
 The worthlefs Malice of the Croud, 
 
 84 ODE
 
 CARMEN XVII. 
 
 CUR me querelis exanimas tuis ? 
 Nee Dis amicum eft, nee mihi, te prius 
 Obire, Maecenas, mearum 
 
 Grande decus, columenque rerum. 
 Ah ! te meae fi partem animae rapit 5 
 
 Maturior vis, quid moror alter am, 
 Nee carus aeque, nee fuperftes 
 Integer ? Ille dies utramque 
 Ducet ruinam : non ego perfidum 
 Dixi facramentum : ibimus, ibimus, JO 
 
 Utcunque praecedes, fupremum 
 Carpere itercomites parati. 
 
 Me 
 
 Maecenas, as we are informed by Puny, laboured from his 
 Infancy under a perpetual Fever, which mull neceiTarily have 
 changed the natural Gaiety of his Temper, efpeciaily to- 
 wards the latter End of his Life. It is probable, that he 
 frequently, and with fome Impatience, lamented to his fa- 
 vourite Poet his approaching Death. Horace, juftly fenfible 
 to his Complainings, in this Ode intreats him to talk no 
 more in fuch affefting Language ; He tells him, that he is 
 determined not to furvive him, and proves it to be impoffible 
 by the Conformity of their Deftinies, particularly thole Ac- 
 cidents, by which their Lives had been endangered ; from 
 whence He propofes, that They mould perform their Sacri- 
 fices in Gratitude to the Gods, who had preserved them. 
 
 SAN. 
 
 Verf. 6. Maturior vis.'] This Expreffion feems to mean, 
 
 that
 
 ( 265 ) 
 
 ODE XVII. To MAECENAS. 
 
 WH Y will Maecenas thus complain, 
 Why kill me with th' unkindly Strain ? 
 Nor can the Gods, nor I confent 
 That You, my Life's great Ornament, 
 Should fmk untimely to the Tomb, 
 While I furvive the fatal Doom. 
 
 Should You, alas ! be match 'd away, 
 Wherefore, ah ! wherefore mould I ftay, 
 My Value loft, no longer whole, 
 And but pofieffing half my Soul ? 
 One Day, believe the facred Oath, 
 $hall lead the funeral Pomp of Both; 
 Chearful to Pluto's dark Abode, 
 With Thee I'll tread the dreary Road, 
 
 Nor 
 
 that Maecenas might naturally live many Years, which could 
 not be juilly faid of his laft Illnefs, as fome Commentators 
 underftand it. lince he was pafled Sixty, when he died. SAN. 
 
 9. Ducet.] This Word is ufed to exprefs the Proceflions 
 either of Triumphs or Funerals. DAC. 
 
 10. Perfidum Sacramcntum.~\ Horace alludes here to an 
 Oath of Fidelity taken by Soldiers, when they were enlifted, 
 and although there be not a formal Oath exprefled, yet it is 
 included in 
 
 Ille dies utram^ue 
 Ducet ruinam.
 
 266 Q-^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lilr. 2. 
 Me nee Chimaerae fpiritus igneae, 
 Nee, fi refurgat, centimanus Gyas, 
 
 Divellet unquam ; fie potent! 15 
 
 Juftithe, placitumque Parcis. 
 Seu Libra, feu me Scorpius afpicit 
 Formidolofus, pars violentior 
 Natalis horae, feu tyrannus 
 
 Hefperiae Capricornus undae : 29 
 
 Utrumque noftrum incredibili moda 
 Confentit aftrum. Te Jovis impio 
 Tutela Saturno refulgens 
 Eripuit, volucrifque fati 
 
 Tardavit 
 
 tg. Pars violentior natalis hor<z.] Pats here fignifies, what 
 the Greeks call ^a.v, that Part of the Sign, which appears 
 above the Horizon at the Moment of Birth ; for every Sign 
 is divided into feveral Parts, which make as many Horo- 
 fcopes, by the Poet called Natafes hor#. We find in other 
 Places of this Author, that he was not over-credulous in the 
 Science of judicial Aftrology, and what he fays here feems 
 rather an Effect of his Compliance with the Weaknefs of 
 MiEcenas. DAC. 
 
 21. U trumque nojlrum incredilili wodo.~\ To render the Lives 
 and Fortunes of two Perfons perfectly equal, and to form 
 an exaft Correfpondence between them, it was neceflary 
 that they fhould be born at the fame Inftant. But as Horace 
 was not of the fame Age as Maecenas, he can only fay, that 
 there was a great Refemblance, a great Conformity between 
 their Stars ; and that by the moft remarkable Events of their 
 Lives, one might be apt to think They were born under the 
 fame Conftellation. But as it was impoflible, that two dif- 
 ferent Horofcopes could have the fame EfFeci, the Poet ex- 
 prdfes that Impoflibility by incredibili modo. DAC. 
 
 Mr.
 
 Od. 17. THE ODES OF HORACE. 267 
 
 Nor fell Chimaera's Breath of Fire, 
 Nor hundred-handed Gyas dire, 
 Shall ever tear my Friend from Me ; 
 So Juftice nd the Fates decree. 
 
 Whether fair Libra's kinder Sign, 
 Pr Scorpius with an Eye malign 
 Beheld my Birth (his gloomy Power 
 Rules dreadful o'er the natal Hour) 
 Or Capricorn, with angry Rays 
 "Who mines the Tyrant of the Seas, 
 With equal Beams our Stars unite, 
 And ftrangely flied their mingled Light. 
 Thee, Jove's bright Influence fnatch'd away 
 From baleful Saturn's impious Ray, 
 
 And 
 
 Mr. Sanadon remarks, that the Expreflion in this Line is 
 profaic and difagreeable. 
 
 ^^. Implo Saturno refulgens.~\ Saturn maybe called impious, 
 from that Influence which he was fuppofed to have upoa 
 Perfons born under his Conftellation, by his inclining them 
 to Vice and Wickednefs ; or becaufe, when he fhone direct 
 upon the Hour of Nativity, the Child was threatened with a 
 fudden Death. From whence perhaps arofe the Fable of 
 his devouring his Children : Refulgens is a Term in Aftrology 
 lignifyingy/P//?/^ in direft Oppo/ttion. TORR. 
 
 24. yducrifquefati.'] If we fuppofe, that Horace reafons 
 with any Regularity upon the Reiemblance between his own 
 and his Patron's Nativity, We muft believe that this Danger 
 of Maecenas was like that of the Poet, fudden, violent, and 
 which muft have been mortal, without the Interpolation of 
 a God. Cruquius conjectures, that it was either fome dan- 
 gerous Confpiracy, or an Accident in the public Shows.
 
 268 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Tardavit alas j quum populus frequens 25 
 
 Fauftum theatris ter crepuit fonum : 
 Me truncus illapfus cerebro 
 
 Suftulerat, nifi Faunus iclum 
 Dextra levaflet, Mercurialium 
 
 Cuftos virorum. Reddere vicYimas, 30 
 
 JEdemquc votivam memento : 
 Nos humilem feriemus agnam. 
 
 CARMEK 
 
 26. Faitftum.'] All our Editions read la-turn, andtheManu- 
 fcripts are divided betAveen latum zndfcjhim, which feems to 
 be an Alteration of faujium. In this Epithet we have not 
 only the full Meaning of leetum, but a new Beauty added to 
 the Strophe. We are indebted to Mr. Cuningham for the 
 Correction, and Mr. Sanadon hath taken it into his Text. 
 
 28. Niji Faunus iflum.~\ Faunus, or Pan, is here com- 
 iniffioned by the Fates to proteft our Poet, who in the eighth 
 Ode of the third Book attributes his Prefervation to Bacchus. 
 But, befides that his Gratitude might think he was indebted 
 for his Safety to thefe two Deities, we find by ancient Mar- 
 bles, and Infcriptions, that Faunus, and Bacchus, were 
 really the fame God, who had different Names, according 
 to the different Sacrifices offered to Him. In this Ode Ho- 
 race propofes to facrifice a Lamb to Faunus, who might na- 
 turally be thought to prefide over the Country- Seat, where 
 this Accident happened. In the third Book he offers a Goat 
 to Bacchus, who was in all Times the Guardian cf Poets. 
 
 DAC. 
 
 30. VifiimasJ] Vifiima, properly fpeaking, means a Sa- 
 crifice of larger Beafts, fuch as Bulls, and by'lia the lefs 
 Kind, fuch as Sheep and Lambs. The Difference between 
 the Sacrifices of Maecenas and Horace m?.y rife from the Dif- 
 ference between the Patron and the Poet, or that between 
 the Gods to whom they are offered. DAC. SAN. 
 
 r
 
 Od. 17. THE ODES OF HORACE. 269 
 
 And ftop'd the rapid Wings of Fate, 
 
 When the full Theatre, elate, 
 
 With joyful Tranfports hail'd thy Name, 
 
 And thrice uprais'd the loud Acclaim. 
 
 A Tree, when falling on my Head, 
 Had furely crum'd me to the Dead, 
 But Pan, the Poet's Guardian, broke, 
 With faving Hand, the deftin'd Stroke. 
 For Thee, let the rich VicTim's Blood 
 Pour forth to Jove its purple Flood j 
 For Thee, the votive Temple rife ; 
 For Me an humble Lambkin dies. 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN XVIIL 
 
 NON ebur, neque aureum 
 Mea renidet in domo lacunar : 
 Non trabes Hymettias 
 
 Premunt columnas ultima reci&e 
 Africa : neque Attali 
 
 Ignotus heres regiam occupavi : 
 Nee Laconias mihi 
 
 Trahunt honeftae purpuras clientae : 
 
 At 
 
 In fome Manufcripts this Ode appears with a Title, VARO, 
 from whence Torrentius conjectured, that it was addrefled t 
 Quintilius Varus. It is probable, that as Avarice is the 
 Subject of it, fome of the Learned might have written, at 
 the Beginning of it, the Word AVARO, the firft Letter of 
 which being effaced by Time or Accident, there remained 
 only VARO. DAC. 
 
 Verf. 3. Non trabes Hymettias. ~\ This Correction, which is 
 a Conjecture of the learned Mr. Gale, is approved of by 
 Doctor Bentley, and received into the Text by Mr. Cuning- 
 ham and Sanadon. Thefe Critics remark againft the ufual 
 Reading trabes Hymettiee, that Hymettian Marble was in 
 ^reat Efteem among the Romans, but it does not appear 
 that the Wood of this Mountain was ever thought valuable. 
 Befides, Beams of Marble is an extraordinary Expreflion in 
 the Language of Architecture, nor do the Latins ever fay, 
 trabes loptA* Or trabes marmorear. This African Wood was 
 probably the Citron-Tree, of which the firft Table, that 
 appeared in Rome, was bought by Cicero for twelve hundred 
 Crowns. This Wood was afterwards ufcd in Building, and 
 Horace in the firft Ode of the fourth Book promifes, that 
 
 Maximus
 
 ODE XVIII. 
 
 NO Walls with Ivory inlaid 
 Adorn my Houfe ; no Colonade 
 Proudly fupports the Citron Beams, 
 Nor rich with Gold my Cielings flames ; 
 Nor have I, like an Heir unknown, 
 Seiz'd upon Attalus his Throne ; 
 Nor Dames, to happier Fortune's bred, 
 Draw down for Me the purple Thread ; 
 
 Vet 
 
 Maximus fhall ereft a Marble Statue to Venus in a Citron 
 Temple. 
 
 Ponet marine re am fub trait titrea. 
 
 Thou in a Citron Dome fhah iland, 
 Forrrf d by the Sculptor's animating Hand. 
 
 5. Neque Attali ignotv.s he;~ss,~} The old Commentators and 
 Cruquius imagine, there is a Stroke of Satire here, by which 
 the Poet would infmuate, that the Roman People had fraudu- 
 lently obtained the Will, in which Attalus made them his 
 Heirs. But this unknanvn Heir wa^ undoubtedly Ariftoriicus, 
 who, after the Death of" Attalus, feized upon the Throne, 
 defeated Licinius Craflus, and bcnng conquered by Perpenna, 
 was carried to Rome, and ftrangled in Prifoa by Order of 
 the Senate. TORR. 
 
 8. Homjl* client te.~\ This Epithet hath fomething of Sa- 
 tire in it againfl the Pride and Iniblence of Patrons, wha 
 compelled their Clients, of better Condition and Birth^ to 
 make Robes for them. The ExprefTion of fpinning Purple, 
 inftead of Thread, which Was dyed with Purple, is remark- 
 ably bold. SAX.
 
 2 7 2 Qc.J RATI1 FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 At fides, & ingeni 
 
 Benigna vena eft ; pauperemque dives 10 
 
 Me petit : nihil fupra 
 
 Deos laceflb, nee potentem amicum 
 Largiora flagito, 
 
 Satis beatus unicis Sabinis. 
 Truditur dies die, . *5 
 
 Novseque pergunt interire Lunae : 
 Tu fecanda marmora 
 
 Locas fub ipfum funus, & fepulcri 
 Immemor, ftruis domos ; 
 
 Marifque Baiis obftrepentis urges 
 Summovere litora, 
 
 Parum locuples continente ripa. 
 Quid, quod ufque proximos 
 
 Revellis agri terminos, & ultra 
 Limites clientium 2 5 
 
 Salis avarus ? Pellitur paternos 
 
 In 
 
 10. Dives me petit.] Dives not only fignifies the Rich, but 
 Men of Quality, iuch as the Poet afterwards calls Maecenas, 
 ^""* DAC 
 
 potentem amicum. 
 
 15. Truditur dies die.] The Poet begins here, although the 
 Tranfition and Connexion be not very ftrongly marked, di- 
 rectly to attack the Manners of his Age, and unites, in the 
 lame Subject, both their Avarice and Prodigality ; for thefe 
 two Paflions, however oppofite they may feeu., are frequently 
 tound in the fame Charafter. Mimi afrtMs, jui profit. 
 
 OAN. 
 
 24. Proximo! revellis agri t ermines] It was one of the 
 Laws of Numa, &ui tcrminum exarajfit, ipfes & bows facri 
 junto If any Man drive his Plow into his Neighbours Ground, 
 let Him and his Oxen be accurfed. The Greeks and Romans 
 worlhipped a God, whom They called Ai MJCV, jon/ea Ter- 
 minulem or Terminum. There was a. Kind of Adoration paid 
 
 by
 
 Od. 1 8. THE ODES OF HORACE. 273 
 
 Yet with a firm and honeft Heart, 
 
 Unknowing or of Fraud or Art, 
 
 A liberal Vein of Genius bleft, 
 
 I'm by the Rich and Great careft. 
 
 My Patron's Gift, my Sabine Field 
 
 Shall all its rural Plenty yield, 
 
 And happy in that rural Storey 
 
 Of Heaven and Him I afk no more. 
 
 Day prefTes on the Heels of Day^ 
 And Moons increafe to their Decay j 
 But You, with thoughtlefs Pride elate^ 
 Unconfcious of impending Fate, 
 Command the pillar'd Dome to rife, 
 When lo ! thy Tomb forgotten lies ; 
 And, though the Waves indignant roai'j 
 Forward you urge the Baian Shore, 
 While Earth's too narrow Bounds in vairi 
 Thy guilty Progrefs would reftrain. 
 
 What can this impious Avarice ftay ? 
 Their facred Landmarks torn away, 
 You plunge into your Neighbour's Grounds, 
 
 And overleap your Client's Bounds. 
 
 Helplefs 
 
 by the Romans to the Stone, or Trunk of a Tree, which 
 divided their Lariis. They perfumed it with Eflences, 
 crowned it with. Flowers, and madt Sacrifices round it in 
 the Month of February. Yet all thefe religious and facred 
 Rites, the covetous Man profanely and lawlefly violates. 
 
 DAC. 
 
 , 26. Pellitur pRternosJ] There is not a.Word in thefe three 
 
 Lines, which doth not carry a double Sentiment of Compaf- 
 
 fion for this injured Family, and Indignation againlt their 
 
 VOL. I. T ' Patron's
 
 274 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 In finu ferens Deos 
 
 Et uxor, & vir, fordidofque natos. 
 Nulla certior tamen 
 
 Rapacis Orel fede deftinata 30 
 
 Aula divitem manet 
 
 Herum. Quid ultra tendis ? ^Equa tellus 
 Pauperi recluditur, 
 
 Regumque pueris ; nee fatelles Orel 
 Callidum Promethea 35 
 
 Revexit auro captus. Hie fuperbum 
 Tantalum, atqueTantali 
 
 Genus coercet : hie levare fun&um 
 Pauperem laboribus, 
 
 Vocatus, atque non vocatus audit. 40 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 Patron's impious Cruelty. If the Lands of a Neighbour 
 were facred, much more were thofe of a Client, whofe In- 
 tereft was by the Roman People elleemed more dear, than 
 that of the neareft Relations. SAN. 
 
 29. Nulla certior tamer , ,] The Poet oppofes, to the Rapine 
 of this Invader, the total Ruin, which Death mall caufe, in 
 leaving him no more, than he leaves to them he hath plun- 
 dered. SAN. 
 34. Safeties OrciJ] Some Commentators think, that Ho- 
 race means either Charon or Cerberus by this Guard or Cen- 
 tinel of the invifible World. Others believe, the Description 
 better agrees with Death, who, as Cruquius expreffes it, is 
 the Terrour of the Living, and who fights for the Grave. 
 
 36. duro captit!.'] The Poet, by Allu/ion to fome Fable 
 of Prometheus, no longer known, infmuates to this avaricious 
 Lord, how uielefs the Wealth, which he hath purchafed by 
 Violence and Rapine, (hall prove after Death ; for Death to 
 the Poor is the Beginning of their Repofe ; to the Rich an 
 End of their Pleafures. SAN.
 
 Od. 18. THE ODES OF'HORACE. 275 
 
 Helplefs the Wife and Hufband flee, 
 
 And in their Arms expell'd by Thee, 
 
 Their Houfhold Gods, ador'd in vain, 
 
 Their Infants too, a fordid Train. 
 Yet, deftin'd by unerring Fate, 
 
 Shall Hell's rapacious Courts await 
 
 This wealthy Lord 
 
 Then whither tend thy wide Demaines ? 
 
 For Earth impartial entertains 
 
 Her various Sons, and in her Breaft 
 Monarchs and Beggars equal reft. 
 
 Nor Gold could bribe, nor Art deceive 
 The gloomy Life-guard of the Grave, 
 Backward to tread the fhadowy Way, 
 And waft Prometheus into Day. 
 Yet He, who Tantalus detains, 
 With all his haughty Race in Chains, 
 Invok'd or not, the Wretch receives 
 And from the Toils of Life relieves. 
 
 QBE
 
 CARMEN XIX. In BACCHUM. 
 
 BACCHUM in remotis carmina rupibus 
 Vidi doccntcm (crcditc, pofteri) 
 Nymphafque difccntcs, & aurcs 
 
 Capripedum Satyrorum acutas. 
 
 Evoe ! recent! mens trepidat metu ; 5 
 
 Plenoque Bacchi pe&ore turbidum 
 Laetatur. EVOE ! parce, Liber, 
 Parce, gravi metuende thyrfo. 
 
 Fa* 
 
 This Ode probably was written for fome Feftival of Bac- 
 chus, and the Poet, with a kind of Bacchanalian Enthufiafm, 
 hath impreffed the Marks of his Divinity upon all Parts of 
 this vaft Univerfe. Earth, Sea, Hell and Heaven have felt 
 the Effefts of his Power. SAN. 
 
 Mr. Sanadon calls this Ode a Dithyrambic, which is 
 eflentially a drinking Song, or Hymn in Honour of Bacchus. 
 There are, fays this Critic, two Kinds of Dithyrambics, the 
 Regular, formed of a certain Number of Strophes, in which 
 the fame Verfes conflantly return in the fame Order,; and 
 the Irregular, compofed of Verfes of different Forms, with- 
 out any Diilinaion and Order of Strophes. The Word Di- 
 thyrambic, according to Bochart, is formed from a Syriac 
 Word, fignifying a Pe>fin twice t>oru, in Alliifion to the Birth 
 of Bacchus, from whence the Latins call him bimater. 
 
 Verf. l. Remotis rupibus.'] This Beginning is truly fublime. 
 It is aPifture capable of alarming and filling the Imagina- 
 tion, by a natural Mixture of the Rural and Majeftic. The 
 Scene is happily choien ; for the Myfteries of Gods ought 
 to be performed in Places diftaut from the Commerce of 
 profane Mortals. SAN. 
 
 This
 
 277 
 
 ODE XIX. 'To BACCHUS. 
 
 I Saw (let future Times believe) 
 The God of Wine his Lectures give, 
 Midft Rocks far diftant was the Scene ; 
 With Ears erect the Satyrs flood, 
 And every Goddefs of the Wood, 
 
 Liftening th' inftru&ive, folemn Strain. 
 
 The recent Terrour heaves my Breaft, 
 Yet with th' infpiring Power pofleft, 
 
 Tumultuous Joys my Soul have warni'd j 
 Dreadful, who fhak'ft the Ivy-fpear, 
 Thy Votary thus proftrate hear, 
 
 And be thy Rage, thy Rage difarrn'd. 
 
 Give 
 
 This Expreflion lijlen'mg the Strain, is authorifed by Shake- 
 fpeare in Julius^Caefar; And noiv, Oclaitius, lift en great things. 
 And in Macbeth, As they bad feen me with thefe Hangman s 
 Hands lijlening their Fear, Thus Milton in his Comus : And 
 lijlened them a-ivbjlf, 
 
 7. Parce.] The Poet imagines, that he beholds the God 
 raifing his Ivy-Spear to ftrike him, for daring to reveal his 
 awful Myfteries without his Permiffion. He begs Pardon for 
 his Temerity, and calms his Anger by the moft artful Praifes. 
 The Ode is divided into three Parts ; the firft includes the 
 Benefits, which the God hath beftowed upon Human Kind < 
 the fecond mews fome Inftances of his Vengeance ; and the 
 third defcribes his Exploits. BENT. JAN.
 
 278 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Fas pervicaces fit mihi Thyiadas, 
 Vinique fontem, lacYis & uberes IO 
 
 Cantare rivos, atque trunris 
 Lapfa cavis iterare mella : 
 Fas & beatae conjugis additum 
 Stellis honorem, te&aquc Penthei 
 
 Disjecta non leni ruina, 15 
 
 Thracis & exitium Lycurgi. 
 Tu fle&is amnes, tu mare barbarum ; 
 Tu feparatis uvidus in jugis 
 Nodo coerces viperino 
 
 Biftonidum fine fraude crines. 20 
 
 Tu, quum parentis regna per arduum 
 Cohors Gigantum fcanderet impia, 
 Rhcetum retorfifti leonis 
 
 Unguibus, horribilique mala : 
 
 Quanquam, 
 
 9. Sit mibij] This conjectural Reading of Dr. Bentley 
 feems necefiary to maintain the Regularity of the Ode, and 
 the Reafoning of the Poet, who from the iixth Line addrefles 
 liimiclf to Bacchus to the End of the Poem. Fas eft would 
 therefore make a difagreeable Interruption ; nor is it the 
 Language either of Adoration or Fear. Befides, it does not 
 appear natural, that the very Moment, in which the Poet 
 alks Pardon of the God for his Imprudence, he mould dare 
 to affront him again by his Prefumption. Decency obliges 
 him not to coiumue his Subject, until he hath afked Leave. 
 17. 'Tttfieciifamnts.'] This Apoitrophe was abfolutely ne- 
 cofl'ary to enliven the Narration of the laft eight hiftorical 
 Lines, which muft have grown languifhing and tedious if 
 longer continued. DAC.
 
 Od. 19. THE ODES OF HORACE. 279 
 
 Give Me to fing, by Thee infpir'd, 
 Thy Prieftefles to Madnefs fir'd : 
 
 Fountains of Wine (hall pour along, 
 And, melting from the hollow Tree, 
 The golden Treafures of the Bee, 
 
 And Streams of Milk (hall fill the Song. 
 
 Fair Ariadne's Crown (hall rife, 
 And add new Glories to the Skies ; 
 
 While I to liftening Nations tell, 
 How impious Pentheus' Palace burn'd, 
 With hideous Ruin overturn 'd, 
 
 And how the mad Lycurgus fell. 
 
 Indus and Ganges own thy Sway, 
 Barbaric Seas thy Power obey, 
 
 And o'er the pathlefs Mountain's Height, 
 (Her Head with horrid Snakes enroll'd, 
 Which harmlefs writhe their angry Fold) 
 
 Thy raptur'd Prieftefs fpeeds her Flight. 
 
 When rifing fierce in impious Arms, 
 The Giant-Race with dire Alarms 
 
 Aflail 'd the facred Realms of Light, 
 With Lion -Wrath, and dreadful Paw, 
 With Blood-befmear'd, and foaming Jaw 
 
 You put their horrid Chief to flight. 
 
 For
 
 280 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. *. 
 Quanquam, choreis aptior & jocis 25 
 
 Ludoque di&us, non fat idoneus 
 Pugnae ferebaris ; fed idem 
 
 Pacis eras, mediufque belli. 
 Te vidit infons Cerberus aureo 
 
 Cornu decorum ; leniter atterens 30 
 
 Caudanv; & reccdentis trilingui 
 Ore pedes, tetigitque crura. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 29. Aureo cornu decorum^\ Various are the Opinions why 
 Bacchus is thus pictured with Horns ; whether they were 
 imagined a Mark of Power and Divinity; whether they 
 rofe from the Cuftom of drinking out of Horns, or from his" 
 having firft ploughed with Bullocks. Mr. Dacier thinks it 
 plain, that the Character of this God is draw'n from the 
 Hirtory of Mofes ; and his Notes qn the Ode are a continual 
 Parallel between the facred and profane Hiftory. He afiures 
 us, that the Pifture of Bacchus, teaching the Nymphs and 
 Satyrs, is manifeftly taken from Mofes, who delivered his 
 Laws on Mount oinai ; that when this God is faid to fubdue 
 Rivers, and particularly the Indian Ocean, we are to ac- 
 knowledge the Paiiage of Mofes through the Red Sea; that 
 the Bacchanalians and Bacchus himfelf are crowned with 
 Serpents, from the Serpent in the Wildernefs ; and that the 
 golden Horn of this God, is taken from the Horns, cornuta 
 fades, of Mofes. 
 
 This laft Remark might convince the Critic how weak is 
 the Parallel in general, fmce the Word, which hath been 
 tranflated Horns, and from which Mofes hath been mon- 
 ftroufly painted with Horns, in the Original fignifles, that 
 Erightnefs, or Splendour, which fhone around his Head, 
 v/hen he defcended from the Mountain. But, indeed, thefe 
 Parallels between the Fables of Heathenifm and the Truth 
 of the facred Writings, whether they be formed from the 
 Likenefs of Names, or fome Refemblance of Characters, 
 are often indulged in a Wantonnefs of Imagination, or a 
 Vanity of an odd Kind of Learning. Idolatry had over- 
 ipread the Face of the Earth from Abraham to Mofes, that 
 K, for four hundred Years, the Hebrews alone excepted, 
 when the Fables of Heathenifm could not pofiibly be taken 
 
 from 

 
 Od. 19. THE O#ES OF HORACE. 281 
 
 For Dancing form'd, for Love and Wit, 
 You feem'd for War's rude Toils unfit, 
 
 And polifh'd to each fofter Grace : 
 But dreadful when in Arms You fhone, 
 You made the fatal Art your own, 
 
 In War excelling as in Peace. 
 
 With golden Horn fupremely bright, 
 You darted round the bending Light, 
 
 Far-beaming through the Gloom of Hell : 
 When Cerberus, with Fear amaz'd, 
 Forgot his Rage, and fawning gaz'cl, 
 
 And at thy Feet adoring fell. 
 
 from the Books of Mofes, fince that Lawgiver was not yet 
 in Being. Cadmus and Danaus tranfported a Phoenician 
 Colony into Greece before the Departure of the Ifraelites 
 out of Egypt, and furely the Gods, whom they carried with 
 them, could not have been Symbols of Mofes. Laftly, as 
 the Jews were a People feparated by their Laws from all 
 other Nations, and always defpifed or hated in proportion as 
 they were known, it is little probable that the Greeks and 
 Romans mould take from them the folemneft Myfteries of 
 their Religion. One fatal Confequence may rife from thefe 
 Kinds of Allufions, as Mr. Sanadon well pbferves upon an- 
 other Ode, in which Mr. Dacier again difcovers Mofes under 
 the Charafler of Mercury : An Unbeliever may reverfe this 
 Reafoning, and fay, that our Myfteries have been imagined 
 upon the Superftitions of the Heathens, fince we have many 
 Ceremonies, which They ufed. Thus from the Abfurdity 
 of the fabulous Syftem, he may conclude the Falfhood of 
 the Christian Religion. 
 
 ODE
 
 ( 282 ) 
 
 CARMEN XX. Ad M^CENATEM. 
 
 NO N ufitata , non tenui ferar 
 Penna, biformis per liquidum sethera 
 Vates ; neque in terris morabor 
 
 Longius ; invidiaque major 
 
 Urbes relinquam. Non ego pauperum 5 
 
 Sanguis parentum, non ego, (quern vocant) \ 
 Dilefte Maecenas, obibo, 
 Nee Stygia cohibebor unda. 
 
 Jam 
 
 Some modern Critics are much offended with the Ancients, 
 for boafting Ib frequently of having rendered themfelves 
 immortal by their Writings. It is acknowledged, that the 
 Manner of praifing ourfelves requires great Art and Deli- 
 cacy ; nor would it perhaps fucceed with modern Poets. But 
 why mould they not be allowed to render the fame Juftice to 
 themfelves, as they do to others ? As it is a Littlenefs in the 
 Mind, not to know itfelf, fo it is a reputable Courage to 
 Ihow a Confcioufnefs of thofe Excellencies, which we are 
 fure we poffefs. Longinus thinks it neceflary, that They, 
 who would rife to the Sublime in Writing, mould be filled 
 with a noble Pride, and believe themfelves really capable of 
 great Things. For when a Poet reprefents to Himfelf the 
 Judgment, which Poflerity will form of his Works, and, in 
 the Moments of compofing, apprehends that his Performance 
 may not be able to furvive him, the Productions of a Soul, 
 whofe Views are fo fhort and confined, as that it cannot 
 promife itfelf the Applaufe and Eiteem of fucceeding Ages, 
 
 muft
 
 ODE XX. To MAECENAS. 
 
 WITH ftrong, unwonted, Wing I rife, 
 A two-form'd Poet through the Skies. 
 Far above Envy will I foar, 
 And tread this worthlefs Earth no more. 
 For know, ye Rivals of my Fame, 
 Though lowly born, a vulgar Name, 
 I will not condefcend to die, 
 Nor in the Stygian Waters lie. 
 
 muft neceflarily prove abortive and imperfeft. To fay more 
 in Vindication of this, and the laft Ode of the next Book, 
 would be really injurious to Horace. DAC. 
 
 Verf. i . Non ujitatd.~] A Poet, without Wings, is a Poet 
 without Genius. This unufual Flight of Horace alludes to 
 his Imitation of the Grecian Lyric Writers, and the next 
 Line reprefents him in the Beginning of his MetamorphoJis, 
 half Man and half Bird. SAN. 
 
 6. >uem vacant. ~\ Ut vacant, quern ita vacant, an Expref- 
 fion in which rivalcs or inimici muft be underftood. They, 
 who read quern vocas, find it difficult to prove any reafonable 
 Meaning in the Words. To fuppofe an Invitation from 
 Maecenas is ridiculous, and Mr. Dacier's Conftrudlion, S>uem 
 vocas a'ileffum, quern compel/as dilefti nomine, does very little 
 Honour to the Poet's Reafoning. I am poor, I am your Fa- 
 vourite, however I jhall never die : As if the Favour of Mae- 
 cenas were an Hinderance to his Immortality. There is yet 
 a third Manner of conftruing the Paffage, DtftSt Maecenas, 
 non ego obibo, quern vocas fanguis pauperum farentum. This 
 
 Conflru&ion
 
 284 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Jam jam refidunt cruribus afperse 
 
 Pelles; & album jmutor in alitem ip 
 
 Superne j nafcunturque leves 
 
 Per digitos, humerofque plumae. 
 Jam Daedaleo ocior Icaro, 
 Vifam gementis litora Bofpori, 
 
 Syrtefque Gietulas, canorus 15 
 
 Ales, Hyperboreofque campos. 
 Me Colchus, & qui diflimulat metum 
 Marfae eohortis j Dacus, & ultimi 
 Nofcent Geloni : me peritus 
 
 Difcet Iber, Rhodanique potor. 2O 
 
 Abfint 
 
 Conftruftion does not indeed feparate the Words dileEie M<f~ 
 ena>, which cannot naturally be divided, but nothing can 
 be more foreign to the Character of Maecenas, than to re- 
 proach them, whom he honoured with his Friendlhip, with 
 Bafeneis of Extraction ; a Remark, which Horace makes 
 more than once. The Correction is therefore neceffary, 
 iince the ufual Reading cannot poffibly be fupported. BENT. 
 
 13. Ocior Icarc. J Doctor Bentley propofes here another 
 conjectural Reading, tutior Icaro, which Mr. Sanadon hath 
 received into the Text, and which, although it appear not 
 abfolutely neceliary, may well defcrve to be mentioned with 
 the Reafons, that fupport it. 
 
 The Wings of Icarus wanted not Swiftnefs, yet that Swift- 
 nefs could not preferve him from falling ; nor could the 
 Flight of Horace be more fecure, whether he flew more 
 fwiftly or flowly than Icarus. Beftdes, it is difficult to ima- 
 gine, that the Poet mould propofe, without any Corrective, 
 inch an ill-omened Example, and which his Enemies could 
 fo ftrongly turn againft him. A Manuscript of more than 
 
 eight
 
 Od. 20. THE ODES OF HORACE/ 385 
 
 A rougher Skin now clothes my Thighs, 
 Into a Swan's fair Form I rife, 
 And feel the feather'd Plumage fhed 
 Its Down, and o'er my Shoulders fpread. 
 Swift as with Daedalean Wing, 
 Harmonious Bird, I'll fearing fing, 
 And in my Flight, the foamy Shores, 
 Where Bofphorus tremendous roars, 
 The Regions, bound by Northern Cold, 
 And Lybia's burning Sands, behold. 
 Then to the learned Sons of Spain. 
 To him, who ploughs the Scythian Main, 
 To him, who with diffembled Fears, 
 Confcious, the Roman Arms reveres, 
 To him, who drinks the rapid Rhone, 
 Shall Horace, deathlefs Bard, be known. 
 
 My 
 
 eight hundred Years, reads noiior, which'fhews that the ufual 
 Epithet hath been long fufpe&ed. 
 
 1 7. Qui dijjimulat tnetnm.] Mr. Dacier happily remark?, 
 that the i'oet here means the Parthians, and thus regularly 
 names fix different Nations, as it were, in Oppofition to each 
 other ; Cholchians and Parthians ; Dacians and Scythians ; 
 Spaniards and Gauls. It did not feem neceflary to load the 
 Tranflation with proper Names, which would be ufelefs to 
 an Englifh Reader, and which are mentioned in the Original 
 without any Chara&ers or Epithets. 
 
 20. Peritus Iber.~] In the time of Auguftus, Learning and the 
 Sciences flourifhed in Spain, whither they were carried from 
 Afia, and where the Roman Colonies contributed greatly to 
 their Encouragement. DAC.
 
 286 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 2. 
 Abfmt inani funere naeniae, 
 Lu&ufque turpes ; & querimoniae 
 Compefce clamorem, ac fepulchri 
 Mitte fupervacuos honores. 
 
 22. Querimoniep clamor cm. ~\ Thefe two Words are joined by 
 correcting the Punctuation. Compefce clamorem is an Expref- 
 fion too general and uncertain, and by feparating qxerimoni<e 
 from clamorem, the Poet fays the fame thing twice. He 
 collects, in this Strophe, the principal Ceremonies, which 
 the Romans ufed in their Funerals. _ A Perfon played on the 
 Flute fome melancholy Airs in the Phrygian Meafure, and 
 fung the Praifes of the Deceafed. The Mourners filled the 
 Air with Sighs and Groans ; They frequently called upon 
 the Dead by Name, and gave him their laft Farewel. They 
 made Afperfions, burned Odours, and concluded the Cere- 
 mony with an Entertainment. SA^.
 
 Od. 20. THE ODES OF HORACE. 287 
 
 My Friends, the funeral Sorrow fpare, 
 The plaintive Song, and tender Tear 5 
 Nor let the Voice of Grief profane, 
 With loud Laments, the folemn Scene ; 
 Nor o'er your Poet's empty Urn 
 With ufelefs, idle Sorrows mourn. 
 
 END OF THE SECOND BOOK.
 
 
 
 C 288 ) 
 
 ^ HORATII FLACCI 
 
 CARMINUM 
 
 LIBER TERTIUS. 
 
 CARMEN I. 
 
 RE G U M timendorum in proprios grebes ; 
 Reges in ipfos imperium eft Jovis, 
 Clari giganteo triumpho, 
 
 Cuncta fupercilio moventis; 
 
 Eft, ut viro vir latius ordinet j 
 
 Arbufta fulcis ; hie generofior 
 Defcendat in campum petitor ; 
 Moribus hie, meliorque famd 
 
 Contendat 
 
 The Reader may find in the Notes on the Carmen Seculare, 
 for what Reafons, and upon what Authority, the Strophe is 
 difplaced, which appears in all Editions, except Mr. Sana- 
 don's, at the Beginning of this Ode. 
 
 Horace in this and the next Book (hews forth all his poeti- 
 cal Abilities. Poetry itfelf appears in its native, original 
 Character, employed in celebrating the Power of the Gods, 
 and the Praifes of Men ; in fupporting the facred Truths of 
 Religion, and encouraging the Praftice of moral Virtue. In 
 this Ode the Poet aflerts the Sovereignty of Jupiter, and de- 
 fcending from Him, upon whom they all depend, through 
 the various Degrees of Life, He teaches us, that true Hap- 
 pinefs can only be found in a contented and frugal Enjoy- 
 ment of the Bleffings we pofTcfs. 
 
 Verf.
 
 THE THIRD 
 
 1 B O O K 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 ODES of HORACE. 
 
 ODE!. 
 
 MONARCHS on Earth their Power extend, 
 Monarchs to Jove fubmiflive bend, 
 And own the fovereign God, 
 With glorious Triumph who fubdued 
 The Titan Race, gigantic Brood ! 
 
 And (hakes whole Nature with his Nod. 
 
 When rival Candidates contend, 
 And to the Field of Mars defcend, 
 
 To urge th' ambitious Claim, 
 Some of illuftrious Birth are proud, 
 Some of their CHeHts' vaflal Croud, 
 
 And fome of Virtue's Fame. 
 
 Others 
 
 Verf. i. In proprios greges.~\ Mr. Dacier very well remarks, 
 that Kings are properly Shepherds, and the People their 
 Flocks ; but however juft this Idea may be, it feems not very 
 happily fuited with the Grandeur of the Sentiments and 
 Expreflions, which raiie the Beginning of this Ode. The 
 Word greges hath fomething too low for the Pomp of the 
 Strophe, and by being placed next to reges, forms a Same- 
 nefs of Sound, difagreeab'e to the Ear. SAN. 
 
 5. Eft, ut.] HoraCe here defcends to the Conditions of 
 Life, which are moll exalted next to that of Kings. Among 
 
 VOL. I. U the
 
 290 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. . 
 Contendat j illi turba clicntium 
 
 Sit major ; aequa lege NecelKtas 10 
 
 Sortitur infignes, & imos ; 
 
 Omne capax movet urna noinen. 
 
 Diftritus enfis cui fupcr impia 
 Cervice pendet, non Siculae dapes 
 
 Dulcem elaborabunt faporem j 15 
 
 Non avium, citharasque cantus 
 
 Somnum reducent. Somnus agreftium 
 Lenis virorum non humiles domos 
 Faftklrt, umbrofamque ripam, 
 
 Non Zephyris agitata Tcmpe. 20 
 
 Defiderantem 
 
 the Romans there was nothing above their firft Magiftracies ; 
 and the Poet makes a fhort and jult Enumeration of the 
 Qualities, which ought to be confidered in the Candidates. 
 Virtue alone mould decide in all Elections j but Riches, Po- 
 pularity, and Birth, irfall Ages and Countries, too frequently 
 corrupt the Suffrages. 
 
 Eft ut is an Ellipfis, in which we mull underftand negotium. 
 Eft negotium ut ; it a fe res babet ut ; evenit, quotidie accidit ; 
 and the Manner of fpeaking is perfectly pure, and poetical. 
 
 SAN. DAC. 
 
 7. Defcendat in campum. ] The Field of Mars, where the 
 popular Affemblies were held for Eleftions, was in the loweil 
 Ground of Rome, from whence the Poet ufes the Word 
 defctndat. CRUQ^ 
 
 13. Impia cervice.} The Commentators underftand thefe 
 Words of Damocles, yet, as he is charged with no other 
 Crime than that of praifmg the Happinefs of Dionyfms, 
 they feem more juftly to be applied to the Tyrant Himfelf, 
 
 whom
 
 
 Od. i. THE ODES OF HORACE. 291 
 
 Others the rural Labour love, . 
 And joy to plant the fpreading Grovej 
 
 The furrow'd Glebe to turn ; 
 Yet with impartial Hand {hall Fate 
 Both of the Lowly and the Great 
 
 Shake the capacious Urn. 
 
 Behold the Wretch, with confcious Dread, 
 In pointed Vengeance o'er his Head 
 
 Who views th' impending Sword ; 
 Nor Dainties force his pall 'd Defire, 
 Nor Ghaunt of Birds, nor vocal Lyre 
 
 To Him -can Sleep afford - t 
 
 Heart-foothing Sleep, which not difdains 
 The rural Cot, and humble Swains, 
 
 And fhady River fair ; 
 Or Tempe's ever-blooming Spring, 
 Where Zephyrs wave the balmy Wing, 
 
 And fan the buxom Air. 
 
 Who 
 
 whom Horace confiders in the fame Danger to which Da- 
 mocles was expofed, and under whofe Perfon he defcribes 
 the dangerous and wretched Situation of all Tyrants, amidft 
 their Pomp and Appearances of Happinefs. DAC. 
 
 22. Tumultuofum mare.] Tumultus properly fignifies a Se- 
 dition, or civil War, from whence the Poet metaphorically 
 calls the Sea tumultuous, or mutinous. DAC, 
 
 U 2
 
 292 Q^HokAf ii FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 3. 
 
 Defiderantem quod fatis eft, neqvie 
 Tumultuofum folicitat mare, 
 Nee faevus Ar&uri cadentis 
 Impetus, aut orientis Hcedi : 
 
 Non verberatse grandine vinese, 25 
 
 Fundufque mendax j arbore nunc aquas 
 Culpante y nunc torrentia agros 
 Sidera, nunc hyemes iniquas. 
 
 Contra&a pifces aequora fentiunt, 
 
 Jatis in altum molfbiis. Hue frequens 30 
 
 Caementa demittit redemtor 
 
 Cum famulis, dominufque terrae 
 
 Faftidiofus : fed Timor & Minae 
 Scandunt eodem quo dominus ; neque 
 
 Decedit aerata triremi, & 35 
 
 Poft equitem fedet atra Cura. 
 
 Quod 
 
 30. "JaSils in altum molil>u}.~\ Mules are the mafly Piles, or 
 Stones, which thefe numerous Undertakers, frtquetis rutemptor, 
 throw into the Sea for a Foundation. The Poet in the next 
 Line calls them ctementa. TORR. 
 
 35. Trirem'i^ WasaVefiel, which had on each Side three 
 Men to each Oar, whatever might be the Number of Oars. 
 Mr. Dacier declares for the Opinion, that the Rowers were 
 placed above each other, and many of the Learned have 
 tried to prove, by mathematical Computations, that fuch a 
 Form is not abfolutely itnpoilible. Rut whatever Efforts 
 they have made, or in whatever Manner they have difpofed 
 the Benches of thefe Rowers, whether in perpendicular or 
 oblique Ranks, they can never demonftrate a practical Pof- 
 fibility, which may be conftant, uniform, and eafy ; and 
 without which the whole Syftem is a vain and ufelefs Spe- 
 culation. SAN.
 
 Od. i. THE ODJ-S OF HORACE. 
 
 Who Nature's frugal Dilates hears, 
 He nor the raging Ocean fears, 
 
 Nor Stars of Power malign, 
 Whether in gloomy Storms they rife, 
 Or, fwift defending through the Skies, 
 
 With angry Luftre mine : 
 
 Whether his Vines be imit with Hail, 
 Whether his promis'd Harvefts fail, 
 
 Perfidious to his Toil ; 
 Whether his drooping Trees complain 
 Of angry Winters, chilling Rain, 
 
 Or Stars, that burn the Soil. 
 
 r .: H:-it jKiiftDar-.-j. > - f ".rr 
 
 Not fuch the haughty Lord, who lays 
 His deep Foundations in the Seas, 
 
 And fcorns Earth's narrow Bound ; 
 TheFifh affrighted feel their Waves 
 Contracted by his numerous Slaves, 
 
 Even in the vaft Profound. 
 
 High though his Structures rife in Air, 
 Threatning Remorfe, and black Defpair 
 
 This haughty Lord fhall find ; 
 O'ertake his armed Galley's Speed, 
 And when he mounts the flying Steed, 
 
 Sits gloomy Care behind. 
 
 U 3 If
 
 294 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 3. 
 Quod fi dolentem nee Phrygius lapis, 
 Nee purpurarum fidere clarior 
 Delenit ufus, nee Falerna 
 
 Vitis, Achaemeniumve coftum ; 4 
 
 Cur invidendis poftibus, & novo 
 Sublime ritu moliar atrium ? 
 Cur valle permutem Sabina 
 
 Divitias operofcores ? 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 38. Purpurarum fdere clarior ufis.'] The French Commen- 
 tators think this Manner of Expreffion, the Ufe of Purple, 
 brighter than a Star, hath a Boldnefs inexcufable even in 
 Lyric Poetry. The Tranflation hath a little changed the 
 Companion by applying the Image to the Purple of the 
 
 42. Atrium."] Was properly a great Hall in which the 
 Romans placed the Statues of their Anceftors, received their 
 Clients, and performed all their domeftic Bufmefs, It is 
 here ufed for the whole Dwelling.
 
 Od. i. THE OOES OF HORACE. 295 
 
 if Purple, which the Morn outfhines, 
 Or Marble, from the Phrygian Mines, 
 
 Though labour'd high with Art, 
 If Eflence, breathing Sweets divine, 
 Or flowing Bowls of generous Wine, 
 
 111 footh an anxious Heart, 
 
 On Columns, rais'd in modern Style, 
 Why fliould I plan the lofty Pile 
 
 To rife with envied State ? 
 Why, for a vain, fuperfluous Store, 
 Which would encumber me the more, 
 
 JRefign my Sabine Seat ? 
 
 U 4
 
 CARMEN II. Ad AMICOS. 
 
 ANGUSTAM, amici, pauperiem pati 
 Robuftus acri militia puer 
 Condifcat, & Parthos feroces 
 
 Vexet eques metuendus hafta ; 
 
 Vitamque fub dio & trepidis agat 5 
 
 In >ebus. Ilium ex moenibus hofticis 
 Matrona bellantis tyranni 
 
 Profpiciens, & adulta virgo, 
 Sufpiret, eheu ! ne rudis agminum 
 Sponfus laceflat regius afperiim 10 
 
 Ta&u leonem ; quern cruenta 
 Per medias rapit ira caedes. 
 
 Dulce 
 
 The Defign of Horace in this Ode is to recommend For- 
 titude in bearing the DiftrefTes of War; Virtue in the Purfuit 
 of the Honours of Peace ; and Silence in preferring the 
 Myfteries of Religion. Thus the Ode is compofed of three 
 Parts, regularly and naturally connected. We may believe, 
 by the tlrrd Line, that it was written before the Conqueft of 
 Parthia, but in what particular Year is uncertain. DAC. 
 
 Verf. I. Anguftam pauferiem.] The Poet is not contented 
 with faying, that Youth fhouid be taught to fuffer Want, 
 but ftiengthens it with an Epithet, fe-verc Want. Such was 
 the Dilcipline of the Romans by which they fubdued the 
 World ; but We follow ether Maxims, for Luxury and good 
 Cheer dwell in the Camps of our Soldiery. DAC.
 
 297 
 
 ODE II. T0 bis FRIENDS. 
 
 R hardy Youth mould learn to bear 
 Sharp Want, to rein the warlike Steed, 
 To hurl the well-direded Spear 
 
 With pointed Force, and bid the Parthian bleed. 
 
 Thus form'd in War's tumultuous Trade 
 
 Through Summer's Heat, or Winter's Cold, 
 
 Some Tyrant's Queen, or blooming Maid, 
 
 Shall from her Walls the martial Youth behold, 
 
 Deep-fighing left her royal Spoufe, 
 
 Untaught the deathful Sword to wield, 
 That Lion, in his Wrath, mould roufe, 
 
 Whom furious Rage drives through th' enfanguin'd 
 Field. 
 
 What 
 
 6. Ilium ex m&nibus bo/licis."] This Defcription is perfedly 
 beautiful, and finely imagined to animate a young Warrior 
 to bear the Fatigues of his Profeffion. His rifmg Valour 
 could not appear in a nobler Theatre. It is probable? that 
 the Tyrant here mentioned was the Parthian King, whofe 
 Daughter was betrothed to fome Prince of that Country ; 
 and the Image feems to have been taken from the PafTage of 
 Homer, where Helen and the Trojan Dames appear upon 
 the Walls, and view the Grecian Camp. DAC. SAN.
 
 298 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 
 Dulce & decorum eft pro patria mori. 
 Mors '& fugacem perfequitur virum j 
 Nee parcit imbellis juventae 
 
 Poplitibus, timidove tergo. 
 Virtus, repulfae nelcia fordidae, in- 
 contaminatis fulget honoribus ; 
 Nee fumit, aut ponit fecurcs 
 
 Arbitrio popularis aurae* 
 Virtus, recludens immeritis mori 
 Ccelum, negata tentat iter via ; 
 Coetufque vulgares, & udam 
 Spernit hurnum fugiente penna. 
 
 Eft 
 
 17. Virtus. .] Horace begins here the fecond Part of the 
 Ode, with the Praifes of political or moral Virtue, which is 
 ever independent of a capricious, inconftant People, and by 
 its own Strength rifes to Places of greateft Eminence. Rex 
 eris, fi reGe feceris, was a Maxim among the Children of 
 Rome in one of their Plays. DAC. 
 
 18. Incontammath.~} This Reading appears ia feveralMa- 
 rmfcripts. The Copyifts, or perhaps the old Grammarians, 
 furprifed to find this Word at the Beginning of an Alcaic 
 Verfe, retrenched a Syllable, which they thought too much, 
 and wrote intaminatis. Yet they might have fpared thcin- 
 felves fo rafh an Alteration, if they had confidered, that the 
 firft Syllable of incontaminatis muft make an Elifion with the 
 Jaft of the preceding Verfe, which is not without Example, 
 even in Horace ; and that in the Place of a Word, which is 
 pure Latin, they have introduced one, which even contradicts 
 the Senfe of this PafTage. Intaminatus is only to be found in 
 the GlofTary of Cyrillus, where it fignifies dijlaineti, polluted, 
 which is dire&ly contrary to the Poet's Thought. CUN. SAN.
 
 Od. 2. THE ODES OF HORACE. 299 
 
 What Joys, what Glories round Him wait, 
 
 Who bravely for his Country dies ! 
 While, with difhoneft Wounds, fliall Fate 
 
 Relentlefs ftab the Coward as he flies. 
 
 With flainlefs Luftre Virtue fhines, 
 
 A bafe Repulfe nor knows, nor fears j 
 Aflerts her Honours, nor declines, 
 
 As the light Air of Crouds uncertain veers j 
 
 To him, who not deferves to die, 
 
 She {hews the Paths, which Heroes trod, 
 
 Then bids Him boldly tempt the Sky, 
 
 Spurn off his mortal Clay, and rife a God. 
 
 22. Negata tent at iter 'via.'] Virtue opens a Way to Heaven 
 for them, who deferve Immortality, which to others is in- 
 acceffible. Mr. Dacier underftands it of a Paflage through 
 the Air, which Nature hath denied to Man, Pennis non ho~ 
 mini datis, and the Certainty, with which he gives his Opi- 
 nion, is at leaft a Reafon for mentioning it. 
 
 24. Udam fpernit humum.~\ Horace calls the Earth, humid 
 or ntoift, to mew how Mankind, as it were, fink into it by 
 their Follies and their Pafiions, from whence they can orJy 
 hope to rife by fome extraordinary Efforts of Virtue. He 
 fcems to have had in View a Paflage in Plato's Phaedon, 
 where Socrates fays, that this Earth, into which we are 
 plunged, is but a Sediment of that where the BleiTed inhabit. 
 
 DAC. 
 
 The Tranflator, defpairing of being able to make this 
 Epithet intelligible to an Englifli Reader, hath altered the 
 Expreffion to preferve the Senfe. Spurn off his mortal Clay.
 
 300 Q^HORATII FtACCi CARMINUM Lib. 3. 
 Eft & fideli tuta filentio 25 
 
 Merces : vetabo, qui Cereris facrum 
 Vulgarit arcanze, fub iifdem 
 
 Sit trabibus, fragilemque mecum 
 Solvat phafelum. Sacpe Diefpiter 
 Negle&us incefto addidit integrum : 30 
 
 Rare antecedentem fceleftum 
 Deferuit pede poena claudo. 
 
 CARMEN 
 
 25. Eft & fideli tuta Jilentio merces,~\ Since the Poet here 
 fays, that Silence alfo fnall be rewarded, he ought nece/Tarily 
 to have mentioned fome Recompence for the other Virtues, 
 which he has recommended to us. We find, therefore, that 
 the Clory of dying for our Country is the Reward of Valour ; 
 and Immortality the Recompence of political or moral Vir- 
 tue. Thus we may believe, that there is a Connection in all 
 the Odes of this Poet, although perhaps not eafily marked. 
 
 DAC. 
 
 26. Cereris facrum .] He, who difcovered the Myfteries of 
 Ceres, was driven out from the Society of human Kind, and 
 detefted as a Wretch unworthy of the common Offices of 
 Humanity . It was thought dangerous to converfe with him, 
 left Jupiter in his Anger mould confound the Innocent with 
 the Guilty. The Greeks not only punimed with Death the 
 Perfons who revealed thefe Myfteries, but even thofe who 
 liftened to them. DAC.
 
 Od. 2. THE ODES OF HORACE. 301 
 
 To Silence due Rewards we give, 
 
 And they, who Myfteries reveal 
 Beneath my Roof (hall never live, 
 
 Shall never hoift with me the doubtful Sail. 
 
 When Jove in Anger ftrikes the Blow, 
 
 Oft with the Bad the Righteous bleed : 
 Yet with fure Steps, though lame and flow, 
 
 Vengeance o'ertakes the trembling Villain's Speed. 
 
 ODE
 
 CARMEN III. 
 
 JUSTUM, ac tenacem propofiti virum, 
 Non civium ardor prava jubentium, 
 Non vultus inftantis tyranni, 
 
 Mente quatit folida, neque Aufter 
 
 Dux inquieti turbidus Adriae, 5 
 
 Nee fulminantis magna manus Jovis : 
 Si fractus illabatur orbis, 
 Impavidum ferient ruinae. 
 
 The Eoldnefs of Defsgning, and Singularity of Invention ; 
 the Sublimity of Poetry, and Artifice of Condua ; the Force 
 of Exprellion, and Richnefs of Figures ; the Choice of Sen- 
 timents, and Swectnefs of Numbers, in this Poem, have 
 compelled the Critics to agree, that it is one of the nobleft 
 Odes of Horace. Mr. Sanadon fays, that without Contra- 
 diction it deferves the firft Place in his Works, and the pe- 
 culiar Characler of it is, that it rifcs above all Expreflion. 
 Yet we are obliged to Tanaquil Faber alone, for a Know- 
 ledge of the Subjeft of it, without which its Art is loft, its 
 Beauties appear wild and confufed, its Conduft is broken 
 and irregular. From whence it is difficult, in Mr. Dacier's 
 Opinion^ to fay, whether the Poet deferves greater Glory 
 for having written this Ode, or the Critic for having difco- 
 vered the Beauties of it. 
 
 Julius Cxfar, according to Suetonius, had formed a De- 
 fifji of tranfporting the Seat of Empire to Troy, or Alex- 
 andria, after having e.xhaufted Italy of its Treafures and 
 Inhabitants. This was ftrongiy reported a little before the- 
 Dictator was put to Death, and as Auguftus teemed willing 
 to enter into all the Schemes of his Prcdeceflbr, and as Troy 
 was ufually efteemed the Seat of the Julian Family, the Ro- 
 mans were apprehenfive, that he had refolved to carry this 
 Proiea into Execution. It is certain, that both Julius Caefar 
 a-d Auguftus, on many Occafions, {hewed a very remarkable 
 Inclination in favour of Troy. The firft ordered it to be 
 rebuilt ; the fecond fettled a Colony there, and they both 
 granted it considerable Privileges. Thus the Report con- 
 
 cerning
 
 ( 303 ) 
 
 ODE III. 
 
 THE Man, in confcious Virtue bold, 
 Who dares his fecret Purpofe hold, 
 Unfhaken hears the Croud's tumultuous Cries, 
 And the impetuous Tyrant's angry Brow defies. 
 
 Let the loud Winds, that rule the Seas, 
 Tempeftuous their wild Horrours raife ; 
 Let Jove's dread Arm with Thunders rend the Spheres,. 
 Beneath the Crufh of Worlds undaunted he appears. 
 
 Thus 
 
 earning the Dictator's Intention might naturally make the 
 People attentive to the Adtions of his Succeffor, and their 
 Apprehenfions might have engaged the Poet to write this 
 Ode, in which he boldly attempts to difluade Auguftus from 
 his Defign, by reprefenting Juno, in a full Aflembly of the 
 Gods, threatening the Romans with her Refentment, if they 
 fhould dare to rebuild the Walls of a City, which had been 
 always an Objeft of herDifpleafure and Revenge. 
 
 It is not pofiible to determine with Certainty, but we may 
 reafonably conjecture, that this Piece was compofed when 
 Auguftus was in Syria, and confequently not far from Troy, 
 where his Prefence might have encouraged the Scheme, and 
 made it more eafy of Execution. 
 
 Verf. I. 'Jujlum ac tenacem.~\ The very firft Words, which 
 open the Ode with this magnificent Character of Juftice and 
 Coaftancy of Resolution, diredlly tend, although in a diftant 
 Manner, to difluade Auguftus from his intended Purpofe. 
 The Change of the imperial Seat muft have been made in 
 Violation of both thefe Virtues ; nor was he compelled to 
 it by the Threats of the People, or by the Power of the 
 Gods. SAN. 
 
 5. Adri<e] The Adriatic is here ufed for the Ocean in 
 general, fince that Sea is not expofed to the South Wind, 
 but to the Eaft-South-EafL DAC. 
 
 8. Ferient.~\ Mr. Dacier, in his firft Edition of Horace, 
 imagined this Word too weak and feebk to exprefs the Ruins 
 
 of
 
 304 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 3. 
 
 Hac arte Pollux, hac vagus Hercules 
 Enifus arces attigit igneas : 19 
 
 Quos inter Auguftus recumbens 
 Purpureo bibit ore ne&ar. 
 
 Hac te merentem, Bacche pater, tuac 
 Vexere tigres, indocili jugum 
 
 Collo trahentes : hac Quiriiius 15 
 
 Martis equis Acheronta fugit ; 
 
 Gratum elocuta confiliantibus 
 Junone divis : Ilion, Ilion 
 Fatalis inceftufque judex, 
 
 Et mulier peregrina vertit 20 
 
 of a falling World ; but afterwards he changed his Opinion, 
 and believed that the Poet might have ufed it, better to ex- 
 prefs the Fearleflhefs and unalterable Tranquility of the juil 
 Man. Sanadon agrees with him in this Criticifm, and thinks 
 we may more realonably blame the Verb illabatur, which 
 fiiews rather a fmooth and imperceptible Motion, than a 
 rapid and violent Fall. But the Weaknefs of this Word is 
 fupported by the Strength of the whole Strophe, and even 
 the Length of it difpofes the Imagination, and gives it time 
 to figure to itfeif this Crufh of Worlds. 
 
 10. Enijus.'] This Reading appears in feveral Manufcripts, 
 and all the late Commentators have received it. Innixut 
 fignifies a Perfon who fullains a great Weight, and hath 
 need of fomewhat to fupport him ; but enijus is applied to 
 thofe, who endeavour to rife by their own Strength. 
 
 11. <j>uos inter Stugujius.'] Divine Honours were decreed 
 to Auguftus in the Year 725, and the Poet here appoints 
 him a Seat in Heaven among the Heroes, who were deified 
 for their Refolution and Conitancy, to (hew that his Statue 
 was placed in Rome with thofe of Pollux, Hercules, and 
 Bacchus. The Romans painted the Faces of thefe Statues 
 with Vermilion, from whence Mr. Dacier thinks, that Horace 
 hath taken this Exprefiion, purpureo ore. Others underftand 
 the Rays of Light, with which the Gods are reprefented ; yet 
 
 more
 
 Od. 3; THE ODES OF HORACE. 
 
 Thus to the flamy Towers above, 
 The vagrant Hero, Son of Jove, 
 Upfoar'd with Strength his own, where Czefar lies, 
 And quaffs,with glowing Lips, the Bowls immortal Joys. 
 
 Lyasus thus his Tigers broke, 
 Fierce and indocile to the Yoke ; 
 Thus from the gloomy Regions of the Dead, 
 On his paternal Steeds, Rome's mighty Founder fled ; 
 
 XVhen Heaven's great Queen, with Words benign 
 
 Addrefs'd th' aflembled Powers divine 
 
 Troy, hated Troy ; an Umpire lewd, unjuft, 
 And a proud foreign Dame, have funk thee to the Duft, 
 
 To 
 
 more naturally it feems to mean a Glowing or Brightnefs, 
 without regard to any particular Colour, for the Word pur- 
 pureus is often thus ufed by the beit Authors ; purpureum mare, 
 purpureos olores, lumine purpureo, lumenque juventtf pitrpureu-m. 
 17. Gratum elocuta.] The Defign of the Ode opens itfe!f 
 in this Strophe. Whether Romulus was killed in Battle, er 
 in the Senate-Houfe, is uncertain ; but he is here fuppofed 
 to be carried to Heaven by his Father Mars, and the Fable, 
 in Mr. Dacier's Opinion, feems to be taken from the Story 
 of Elias. An AfTembly of the Gods is called to receive this 
 Founder of the Roman Empire, when Juno rifes in Oppo- 
 fuion to his A potheen's, in Appreheniion that his Dependents 
 might dare to reftore the City of Troy to its ancient Splen- 
 dour. Her two firft Words are a Repetition of the Name 
 of Troy, and a noble Inftance of a fpirited Indignation, 
 while me difdains to mention either Paris or Helen. One is 
 a foreign Woman ; the ether a lewd and fatal Judge ; in 
 Allufion to his giving the Prize of Beauty to Venus. The 
 Trojans are a perfidious, perju/ed Race, condemned to the 
 Vengeance of the Gods, from the very Time in which Lao- 
 medon brokd Faith with Apollo and Neptune, who raifed 
 the W alls of Troy. The Fable probably arofe from his 
 taking the Treasures out of the Temples oi thofs Gods with 
 a Promife of reUoring them ; a Promife which he facrilegiouHy 
 
 Vot.J. X
 
 306 Q^HORATH FLAGCI CARMINUM Lib. 3. 
 In pulverem, ex quo deftituit Deos 
 Mcrcede pa&a Laomedon, mihi 
 Caftseque damnatum Minervae, 
 
 Cum populo, & duce fraudulento. 
 Jam nee Lacasnae fplendet adulterae 25 
 
 Famofus hofpes ; nee Priami domus 
 Perjura pugnaces Achivos 
 
 Hedtoreis opibus rcfringit : 
 Noftrifque du6tum feditionibus 
 
 Bellum refedit. Protinus & graves 30 
 
 Iras, & invilum nepotem, 
 
 Troica quern pepcrit facerdos, 
 Marti redonabo. Ilium ego lucidas 
 Inirc fedes, ducere neclaris 
 
 Succos, & adfcribi quietis 35 
 
 Ordinibus patiar Deorum. 
 Dum longus inter faeviat Ilion 
 Romamque pontus ; qualibet exulcs 
 In parte regnanto bead. 
 
 Dum Priami, Paridifque bufto 4 
 
 Infultet 
 
 23. Damaatam.'] DamKiitus was a Term of the Roman 
 Law, which adjudged an infolvent Debtor to his Creditors ; 
 in which Senfe, it is here ufed to exprefs the Condemnation 
 of the Trojans to the Refentment of Juno and Minerva. DAC % 
 
 31 . Invifum nfpotemJ] Romulus was the Grandfon of Juno 
 by her Son Mars, and deterted by the Goddefs, becaufe a 
 Trojan Prieftefs was his Mother. Nepof in the time of pure 
 Latinity always fignified a Grandfon, and Quintilian firft 
 tifed it for a Nephew. S A . N 
 
 37. Dum IOH'SUS inter f.fviat.] Juno is not contented with 
 faying, that a Length of Ocean mall roll between Troy and 
 Romt, but. ihall b<* ever enraged with Storui* to hinder all 
 
 Commerce
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORACE. 307 
 
 Tome, and Wifdom's Queen decreed, 
 With all thy guilty Race to bleed, 
 What Time thy haughty Monarch's perjur'd Sire 
 Mock'd the defrauded Gods, and robb'd them of their 
 Hire. 
 
 The gaudy Gueft, of impious Fame, 
 No more enjoys th' adulterous Dame ; 
 Hector no more his faithlefs Brothers leads 
 To break the Grecian Force; no more the Victim bleeds. 
 
 Since the long War now finks to Peace, 
 And all our heavenly Factions ceafe ; 
 Inftant to Mars my Vengeance I refign, 
 And here receive his Son, though born of Trojan Line. 
 
 Here, with encircling Glories bright, 
 Free let him tread the Paths of Light, 
 And rank'd among the tranquil Powers divine, 
 Drink deep the nedtar'd Bowl, and quaff celeftial Wine, 
 
 From Rome to Troy's detefted Shores 
 While loud a Length of Ocean roars, 
 Unenvied let th' illuftrious Exiles reign, 
 Where Fate directs their Courfe, and fpreads their wide 
 Domain. 
 
 On 
 
 Commerce between the two Nations : Hpvvever it is re- 
 markable, that all her Threats are confined to the Trojans, 
 nor ever fall on their Defcendants. DAC. SAN. 
 
 38. Qualibet exn/es regnantoJ] The Queen of the Gods, in 
 fign of Reconciliation, begins to foretel ;he i^pmaj.s the moft 
 X 2 glorious
 
 308 Q^HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 3. 
 Infultet armentum, & catulos ferse 
 Celent inultae j ftet Capitolium 
 Fulgens, triumphatifque poflit 
 
 Roma ferox dare jura Medis. 
 
 Horrenda late nomen in ultimas 45 
 
 Extendat oras, qua medius liquor 
 Secernit Europen ab Afro, 
 
 Qua ttimidus rigat arva Nilus : 
 Aurum irrepertum, & fie melius fitum, 
 Quum terra eel at, fpernere fortior, $Q 
 
 Quam cogere humanos in ufus, 
 
 Omne facrum rapiente dextra'. 
 Quicunque mundo terminus obftitit, 
 Hunc tangat armis : vifere geiliens 
 
 Qua parte debacchentur igncs, 55 
 
 Qua nebulae, pluviique rores. 
 
 Sed 
 
 glorious Ages of their Empire, in repeating the Conditions 
 exprefled in the former Verfes, as if all their Glory depended 
 abfolutely on thofe Conditions. This Turn hath fomething 
 fo truly fublime, that perhaps the Marvellous of Poetry can- 
 not rife higher. Regnant o is the Style of Laws, and fhews 
 the Authority of the Speaker. SAN. 
 
 40. Aurum irrepertum.'] Juno here praifes, in a manner 
 perfectly noble, the Virtue of the ancient Romans, who were 
 more truly great by their Contempt of Riches, than by their 
 
 ' Conqueft of the World. Gold, by Pliny's Account, was 
 not coined in Rome until the Year 647, fixty-two Years after 
 their firft Silver Money, from which Time the Republic 
 grew weaker, in Proportion as Avarice banimed the ancient 
 Severity of Manners. Aurum irrepertum, in the Opinion of 
 
 - Dacier and Sanadon, fignifies Gold, which was not origi- 
 nally by Nature intended for the Ufe of Man, but by the 
 facrilegiaus Hand of Avarice compelled into his Service.
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORACE. 309 
 
 On Priam's and th' Adulterer's Urn 
 While Herds the Dult infulting fpurn, 
 Let the proud Capitol in Glory ftancl, 
 And Rome, to triumph'd Medes, give forth her ftern 
 Command. 
 
 Let the vi&orious Voice of Fame 
 Wide fpread the Terrours of her Name, 
 Where Seas the Continents of Earth divide, 
 And Nilus bathes the Plain with his prolific Tide. 
 
 Let her the golden Mine defpife ; 
 For deep in Earth it better lies, 
 Than when by Hands profane, from Nature's Store 
 To human Ufe compelled, flows forth the facred Ore. 
 
 Where Nature's utmoft Limits end, 
 Let her triumphant Arts extend ; 
 Or where the Sun pours down his madding Beams, 
 Or where the Clouds are dark, and Rain perpetual 
 
 ftr earns. 
 
 Thus 
 
 and with impious Hands 
 
 Rifled the Bowels of their Mother- Earth 
 For Treafures, better hid. 
 
 54.. Hunc tangat armis.~\ This Verb happily {hews the Fa- 
 cility with which the Romans conquered the World, and 
 juftifies the Criticifm upon the Word ^feriext. DAC. 
 
 55. Qua parte debacchentur.] It is not in the Power of 
 Language to find a Word more ftrbngly expreffive of the 
 raging Heats of the Torrid Zone, andexceffive Coldnefs of 
 the Northern Zone, both which the Ancients believed to be 
 uninhabitable. DAC.
 
 310 Q^ HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM Lib. 3. 
 Sect bellicofis fata Quiritibus 
 Hac lege dice, ne nimium pii, 
 Rebufque fidentes, avitae 
 
 Tedla velint reparare Trojae. 60 
 
 Trojae renafcens alitc lugubri 
 Fortuna trifti cladc iterabitur, 
 Ducente vidrices catervas 
 
 Conjuge me Jovis, & forore. 
 
 Ter fi refurgat murus aencus, 65 
 
 Au&ore Phoebo ; ter pereat meis 
 Excifus Argivis; ter uxor 
 
 Capta virum, pueroique ploret. 
 Non haec jocofoe conveniunt lyrae. 
 Quo Mufa tendis ? define pervicax 70 
 
 Referre fermones Deorum, & 
 Magna modis tenuare pan 1 !?. 
 
 58. Hac lege.] This is the third Time, in two and twenty 
 Linci, that Juno mentions theie Conditions, and the Repe- 
 tition was neceffavy to fhew the real Defign of the Poem, 
 without which it might perhaps appear vicious. Yet the 
 Poet hath varied it with great Art, and the laft always adds 
 Strength to the former. SAN. 
 
 Ne niwiiiiK ii.~] The two principal Motives, which made 
 the Romans apprehensive, that Auguftus intended to make 
 Troy the Capital of the World, were his Piety and the 
 Confidence of his Power. He was defcended from the 
 Trojans by tineas, and the natural Tendernefs for his An- 
 ceftors, joined to the flattering Idea of fuch an ancient Ori- 
 gin, feemed to call him to Troy. The prefent Conjuncture 
 gave him an Opportunity of executing this Change with the 
 greateft Eafe. Hib Power was raifed to its higheft Pitch, and 
 confirmed by almoft a continual Peace of nine Years, in 
 which he had twice fhut the Temple of Janus ; and he had; 
 ow enrered the Baft with two numerous Armies, one of 
 which he commanded in Perfon, the other was marching 
 towafds Afia Minor uiider die Conduct of Tiberius. SAN,
 
 Od. 3. THE ODES OF HORACE. 511 
 
 Thus let the warlike Romans reign 
 
 (So Juno and the Fates ordain) 
 But on thefe Terms alone, no more to dare, 
 Through Piety or Pride, their parent Troy repair j 
 
 For Troy rebuilt, ill-omen'd State ! 
 Shall feel the fame avenging Fate ; 
 Again my Grecians fhall victorious prove, 
 By me led on to War, the Sifter-Wife of Jove. 
 
 Thrice fhould Apollo raife her Wall, 
 Thrice fhall her brazen Bulwarks fall, 
 Thrice fhall her Matrons feel the Victor's Chain, 
 Deplore their flaughter'd Sons, deplore their Hufbands 
 flain. 
 
 But whither would the Mufe afpire ? 
 Such Themes nor fuit the fportive Lyre, 
 Nor fhould the Wanton, thus in feeble Strain, 
 The Councils of the Gods, immortal Themes, profane. 
 
 69. NOH htecjocofre."] Horace could not pufh the Subject 
 farther, without difpleafmg Auguftus ; for it is dangerous to 
 let the Great perceive that we have difcovered what they 
 are willing to conceal. He therefore Hops fhort, and ends 
 with a kind of artificial Vanity, which is always pardonable 
 in a Poet. DAC. SAN. 
 
 The END of the FIRST VOLUME.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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